The sun., 1895-02-17
NOTES ox Science AND INDUSTRY

NOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY y.
! a new kind Of ore drcdger is reported as re-
ceiving much attention from mining men. no
cars. tracks, or equipment being required In the
| mine. tower from seventy TO one hundr, d
feet high Is erected either side of tho ore body
| these towers being un platforms mounted on
railway tracks, with the hosting engine and
| boiler placed OH the main platform. Between
the two towers 2IS-nch wire cable Is
| stretched, and ar it is conveyed the carriage
| from which the dipper Is suspended. This
dipper weighs over three tons. aud has four
| leaves orening and closing al the will of the
Of nine feet. gathering two and one half yards
OF material To load; and as II is lowered slowly
height. the action is such that as ihc leaves
are closing the dipper digs downward until fully
closed. fills itself without the least trouble the
action OF the dipDer pulling down instead of up
J ward unit loaded. II is then hoisted and car
| RED to the pocket over tne car and cmptied.
! When the cut IS sufficiently wide. both hosting
= ana carrying can be done At the same time thus
I increasing the speed.
| German papers give the details Of manufac-
! ture for producing he new disnfectant known
as formaiin, now coming into considerable use
| in that country. IL is forty per cent. solution
! OF the gaslike composition called formaldehyde
and results from the oxidation OF wood alcohol
| II is said to be perfectly harmless dsinfectant
| ing obnoxious odors without creating any odor
| whatever IN return. while II iiaH poisonous prop
critics that forbid its being taken Internally. even
| IN weak solutions one Tablespoonful nj to quart
OF water being pronounced sufficient for most
| purposes. The huidity ~ the composition
! is an advantage. its pcnetrabe properties bcing
thus greatly increased. Its fumes are only hurt
! ful when inhaled IN considerable quantities. II
sRturates animal tissues vcIy rapidly and pre-
! vents their decay. and when sp!aP.,, 1t disin-
fccts and purnes the atinosphgle. 1t is claimed,
IN fact. 10 be OF peculiarly efficient service in
hotels nDl m m sfu kips
slaughter houses, and other places liable 10
tamination.
In giving the results Of their protracted cx-
periments with saturated and supe-hcated
steam, the Alsacc Union of Boiler Owners shy
that, theoretically. it has never been denied that
superheatcd steam should give n higher ehl-
cheney than saturated, yet from apprehension of
, the cylinder becoming damaged by the high
temperature, Tor years no experiments were
undertaken with superheated steam. Subsc-
Guently. however. after numerous trials. the
Oldest engine even was found capable OF being
safely used with superheaicd steam. and not
only without injury. but more economically
Union that in installing II supcrheater care is
essential that thc advantages gained are not
greater radiation lOsses-the cost OF the super
heater not to exceed Of course. the saving Oh
tanned in coal consumption; the superhcater 10
he connected with the boiler so that both can Ge
fired from the same furnace; and, alter leaving
ne smpsrhtnfer. , NE gases shon'd come IN con-
lastly. with the heating surface Of the econ0-
mizer. Further, these experiments showed thai
the use Of superhented steam does NOT exclude
the use of steam Jacket. Though both super
heating and steam Jackets were used. yet CON
Cured. The use oi low pressure. seven aud
one half atmospheres, did not give such good
results us the use of high pressure, eleven and
one-half atmospheres.
A machine for testing the endurance Of oil is
described By Mr.. A. w. Harris of Providence.
Ghafs .. .faN,,
ground TO two and one-half inches in diameter,
Is supported at each end by bearings and ar
ranged to rotate at various speeds. \ pais OF
half moon boxes is nicely fitted to this shaft
immersed In u cavity filled with OIL while In
the top box is thermometer and oil holes
made 10 TO- receive given quantity OF oil tor test;
lever, thrusting lhe boxes against the shaft with
the required pressure per square inch On one
end OF this thntt dynamumeter is fitted to de-
note the friction between boxes and shaft.
When the shaft is set in motion the TEN
increase OF friction, by the dynamoneier
As the box commences TO increase in
friction ON the dynamOmeter increases, The
number OF minutes being noted from the start
as pGs rons s'ot OF o i oE ESs
iest ssfs Or thirty thirty GRAVITY and OF 800 fash test
theTmometer % start with was 7O', at the close
OF the test l4O'; amount OF power consumed by
horse power, at the term ination one-eighth
horse power; revolution of shaft, 100
An original plan was laid before the Man
chester (Engl Association Of Engineers ~
one OF their recent meetings for transmitting
power from the South Yorkshire coal field to
London. with trunk lines for serving the large
towns along the lines Of transmission. includ-
Ing, Of course Derby, Nottingham, Leicester.
auxiliary station in south i>tatiOrdshre for tho
service OF Wolverhampton, Birmingham, aui
the industrial areas ia the line OF its route
across to the point where IT joins thn !
main trunk line serving the metropolis. Acoorl- !
ing to the explanation given the plan is to gene
rate power by burning coal at the mouth 6i The !
pit, the power to be transmitted electrically. |
ss sf'9 prodets t6s Ss aS T airs, the
FORM the most valuable portion of the latter. |
the fuel actually used may he itself fairly re, !
Ratded a. tho residual product Of the dstlatinn,
Gas engines are to be employed instead nf steam I
engines and boilers the power being trans |
h'''u o' h'gh-Pressure alternating currents.
1t seems to be admitted that the new or sadtIcr
method OF tanning Is Of peculiar value In its ap.
plication to the lighter feathers. The details OF
this process show that the skin is frat treatedwith
a weak solution Of bichromate Of potash. sur.
hcient hydrochlorio acid being added to liberate
the chronic acid. After the skins have taken
up a bright yellow color through their entire
texture, they are drained and transferred 10
path o. hyposulphiie OF soda, TO which some acid
is added % lberale sulphurOus acid, This
reducing the chronic Ecd 10 green chrome
oxide, while the sulphurous acid is at the
same time oxldszed to sulphuric acid thus
q farther portion OF sulphurous |
Poid until all the chronic acid is reduced. Ths
leather product Is Of a pale blush green color,
tough and flexible, and thoroughly resistant 90
water, this latter properly distinguishing IL /
from other forms OF leather, as the combination
OF the hide hhre wlth the chUminm oxide Is np-
pArentiy more stable than Its can LnAIion with
tangin. and Yields less to bailug water. Tho
leather can be dyed and produced Ia a variety
OF eOors. but the dgeing 10 required 10 be accom-
plished before the leather becomes dry, is \