The sun., 1895-01-20
xorEs ON SCIENCE AND IND UsrR1


tion type Is being introduced with satisfactory
results. IL consists OF a cylindrical vessel, into
which the mir il drawn by the suction OF n fan
placed beyond t.: IN this chamber the air can be
heated by steam rs IL ptsses through. and tho
hot or cold air. when taken from this chamber.
Of a cyIi,,,irral vessel The nipe disrhnFrvnsr
little above the bottom of he vessel. In which Ia
always Kept certain depth OF water, regulated
by means ut II bail thpi a. the npl,"r part OF this
NcsSc the discharge ~" ient cs, sad IS conveyed
through the room which Is bang treated. In
this pipe are placed the requisite humber Of dis
charging Orfccs, In each uf which n tmall dis
tributer is placed. the distributor being given
To eject IL IN all drections-Hn arrangement by
which the air. whether heated or not, ia sent
n considerable disturbance. being practically
passed through H.. The result t. that the mir /,
charged with moisture very thoroughly and
when II leaves the YES cl 1t contains u mixture
Of air ana vapor In AN intimate condition; the
OF water can be carried over. There is u slight
deposition OF watcr not nhsorhed hy the air but
this takes place IN the conveying tubes and the
water does not come through the distributors.
The most recent device for sinking shafts
through water bearing strata--e French inven-
tion consists OF a method by which the press
ure within the freezing tubes is lower than that
outside, this being secured by tho employ ment
OF anhydrOus ammonia, which In used directly
In the tubes. The ammonia gas Is compressed
until 1t assumes liquid state. as in the regular
ammonia compression refrigerating nachines
TEN, where 1t evaporates and abstracts heat
from tho surrounding material. the press
ure Of the ammonia gas being always lower
than that OF the outside: The tendency OF
tho liquid, when injected ino the ircez-
the bottom and collect therein such case the
evaporation being oiuparatively SLOW, and the
freezing process correspondingly, inefficient;
but this 10 prevented by making the inner tube
In the form OF worm, closed at its lower end,
and punctured along fits whole length with q
N m a. mil t,srl, ,,-ht ~.
liquid ammonia escapes in small quantities, and
is rapidly vaporized, aud thus. by suitably ar
tion may he concentrated at any depth along
the line OF the tubes the operation OF tho sys-
strata which is soft at the bottom OF shaft, or
where it is flooded by water.
Among the mechanlsms OF utility lately de-
scribed is q small instrument which shows the
number OF revolutions of a shaft by means Of
two hands traversing dial similar to that of .
watch, the longer hand indicating the units and
tens of revolution and the smaller the hundreds.
In order to make error in reading impossible.
whether the shaft be running In one direction
which consists in placing the dial plato carrying
the number under perforated plate. the num-
bers on the dinl showing through the perfora::
tions. There are two sets OF numbers on the dial
plate, one set reading from right to LEFT
nd the other from left to right. so that. should
the shaft move from right to left. the figures on
I he dial move automatically SO as to como under
the perforations, while IL the shaft move In the
through the periorations. After reading the
number of revolutions. the hands can be quickly
a small knob The spindle of the w revolution
counter is protected by the watch ring, 50 that
in the case Of a watch. without injury to the
clothing. this porta bility and the extreme sim
plicty Of the operation of the instrument consti-
tuting its special advantages.
Considerable interest has been aroused among
biologists by the statement made in a German
paper by J. J. jain that in his study of the
silurian rocks of Bohemia he found in dolomito
pf the Pridoli Valley that the hollow portions Of
certain fossils often contained a sort of nucleus
Of little Jumps of anthracite or drops Of petro-
leum-someti times both substances-while the
rest OF the drusy hollow was taken up by calcite
remarks. is noticeable in the lnestones near
stolba, and not only are the anthracite lumps
with the fossils, but thev occur. as we'll as
mineral wax, disseminated in the midst of
t whe,hsr na in
apart from them, being evidently the
sui 9f the decompossiSn Of animal organisms
mud OF the silurian sea. These observations by
Iahn are said TO confirm Prof. EnCers opinion.
who attributes the origin of petroleum to ami
nal organic remains. ana has succeeded in arti-
icislly producing that substance and its by
products from animal matter. It seems, too,
hat the conditions of temperature and pressure
which Enger found necessary in his experiment.
nature as result of the crumpllnG and crush
ng OF the earth's crust and OF the ernptions Of
rese phenomena. 1t also appears t:at the Stoi-
"a limestones become more dolomitized as they
approach the neiChhoring eruptivc rock.
An elaborate account is given in the Bulletin
le PAcddfmie Roydle de Bslgiquc of Springs re-
narkable researches in the welding OF metallic
'odies by simple pressure at temperatures far
'elow their fusing point. The metals were put
Al IL.
urfaces great care being taken as to their
'urity, and having been mounted In q stirrup
nd pressed together by means of hand screw,
hey were placed in heating oven and kept at
onstant a,, temperatura between 300 and 400 for
onts were produced with gold. lcnd. and ti;.
nd the worst with bismuth and antimony Two
ylinders thus welded together could be put In
athe, one Of them only being held in the chuck,
1hile the other was being worked upon by .
ough breakage was produced which did not Coz
ppeared that Tie more more Crystalline he bodies tho
sss do they exhibit this phenomenon Of incipi-
ase OF platinum. for instance, at l,eoo' below
ls fusiuR point; and that such lquefaction or
hitting delicate spiral o. @mm. deep on the end
nIfaee M @ 9I piece OF copper weiEhing l3O grams.
lg il at 4ooo for eight hours the spiral had On
lrely disappeared
BY means of an improvement inst brought
orward by foreign inventor it Is made
ossible to print various coored designs on
alico, or on other textile material with .
mailer number OF engraved rollers than hereto
ore, but with equally satisfactory or better
fleets. This new plan consists In the employ.
lent OF an ordinary calico printing roller, ON
'hich is engraved the groundwork Of the sub
ect to be printed. the shadings and shadows be-
Ig likewise produced on this roller by stippling
r line engraving. thus forming a complete
esign in itself. and which can be printed as
erves TO print the outline, and also tho
round shades and shadows of tho subject,
one impression. leaving the various colors and
nts which II Is desired 70 give the subject TO
0 applied by separate roller for each color,
1ese latter having the same tone that pro-
uced by tiuts tnat have been repeatedly APP
lied, one above another, by number OF rollers,
order 10 give greater prOminence--Or less-to
ertain portions of the design 10 insure tho
'qutste shade This method has been success
lllX carried out In the cnsn OF hlork nrinIin0