davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
FRESH DAIRY NOTES.

vAsELINE is good for a local applica-
ton in case of sore teats
WATER, good, pure water and plenty
OF it, should be kept within reach Of
the cows in hot weather.
ALsIKE clover is capital for mich
cows. 1t is good plan, however, to
have both it and red clover.
NEVER hurry the COW the least par
ticle when coming from the field and
the udder is full almost to bursting.
THE heifer can be MIXED when two
years old. We could not begin to milk
heifer under twenty months old, at
least
Cows NEED salt every day. 1t aids
digestion. Rock salt kept where they
can have free access to it is a good
thing
THE OK MARBLE is great enemy to
the health and even the lives of cattle.
They should be squeezed out in the
spring. II necessary, open the hole
with sharp knife.-Farmers Voice.
THERE are two matters connected
with dairying which demand attention.
First, always wash the udders of the
cows, rinse, and wipe with a clean
towel. Second, the hands of the milk
er should be washed just before milk
ing
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
THE BUTTER FLAVOR.
Prof Conn Improves 1t by a Simple sys
tenn of incubation.

Prof Conn Improves 1t by a Simple sys.
tenn of incubation.
Prof. Ii. c. Conn has been doing work
for which dairymen should be CRATE
full. During the past two years he has
been experimenting in the discovery
and cultivation of the proper bacteria
for improving the flavor of butter, and
In the production of creamery butter.
Prof. Conn has succeeded in discover
ing the particular bacillus of which he
went in search, and which be has
christened Bacillus No. IA" This
useful member of the numerous bac-
terrain family does surprising things in
the way of ripening cream in the but
ter making. Six to eight quarts of
cream were put into metal vessel and
''pasteurized." The cream was then
heated to 1853 degrees Fair, and left
for ten minutes. The vessel was re-
moved and cooled quickly by means of
cold water, and when the temperature
had dropped to so degrees the bacilli
were poured in and the mixture stirred
thoroughly. The vessel was then Gov
cred and put into the ripening room.
After couple of days the cream was
churned, and the buttermilk remain
ing was set aside for future use. The
six quarts were ripened for the purpose
of increasing the number of bacteria,
and securing strong culture for use
in the large cream vat of the creamery.
The buttermilk was then inoculated
into the days cream supply, and this
cream allowed to ripen in regular time,
at warm temperature, and churned
as usual. Before churning quantity
was set aside to use for incubation in
the next days supply, and in this man
ner continued indefinitely. The first
six quarts of cream produced mod
erately good butter, but'no quite the
flavor wanted. The first large churn-
ing was an improvement A delicate
flavor also developed, which seemed to
deteriorate after two or three weeks.
This deterioration was remedied by
fresh inoculaaon from the laboratory.
The results attained have been 5 sat
isfactory that Prof Conn intends Co
introduce this incubation process il
all the large creameries in the United
States within the next year.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
.vI} tSM
EARksk&iGARDEN.
- .s.s.s,Alk SD
DESTRUCTIVE INSECT.
How the Corn Worm Feeds and the Best
Way of Fighting 1t.

How the Corn Worm Feeds and the Best
Way of Fighting 1t.
The corn worm is a well-known pest
throughout all sections of the country.
In the north its chief food plant is corn,
hence the name; but in the south it is
termed the boil worm from its habit of
boring into the cotton hollis and caus-
ing them to decay. 1t is also very fond
of peas, beans and tomatoes, and will
feed readily upon many other vege.
tables.
When feeding upon corn the corn
worm lives upon the kernels, protected
from exposure by the husks Its pres
ence may be detected from the silk
being generally partially or entirely
eaten off to the top of the husks, which
may be wilted and Of lighter color or
eaten near the top. II the worm has
left the ear round hole through the
husk about half way up the ear will be
visible.
The methods of attack employed by
this insect are such that it is very diff.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
HORTICULTURAL HINTS.

THERE is a market for inferior fruit
The hotels and boarding houses seek
such fruit. But it always sells at a low
price.
THERE is no probable danger of an
overprod action of fruit. unless there is
a general rush into growing some par
tieg!. r ! kjga -~'~ e'"t 7SsA
liz apple trees are planted so closely
together that in timo the limbs inter-
lock, the planter will greatly regret his
unwise economy Of space.
WHEN apple trees are ianted too
closely together, with the intention Of
thinning them out in after years. the
trouble is that the average man neglects
to thin.
ALL sorts Of schemes, good, bad and
Indifferent, are being Matched to induce
emigration to the fruit sections of the
west The intending emigrant needs
to look little out" or he will be swim
died.
FRUIT is not usually considered an
element of food, but rather delicacy.
AS matter Of fact, if we would eat
more fruit and less meat we would be
quite as well nourished and be more
healthy. Voice
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
FOR DESTROYING WEEDS.
A New Style of Shovel Which Does It.
Work to Perfection.

New Style of Shovel Which Does It's
Work to Perfection.
For several years past we have been
puzzled each season how best to con-
quer the wild morning glory, wild
sweet potato and number of sucken-
ing weeds that infest ours as well as
numbers of other fields that lie along
streams subject to overflow. Narrow
81. ovels such as are used for shallow
cultivation are of no value to us among
such weeds, and wide shovels are but
li.tle better, and they leave the ground
In q very unsightly condition.
Last season l fell onto tho idea Of
utilizing an oil cross-cut saw by max
ing it up into shovels as shown in the
cut, but on account of many stones
and few roots they proved rather un-
satisfactory, bending every time they
struck an obstacle. Not daunted by
my partial failure, this season l
bought a strip of Landslide steel 0
inches wide and 21s feet long for the
blades, using much heavier steel for
uprights. by economical cutting a
smith can get four shovels, each inches
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
THIS CORN is KING.
A New Variety Four Times the Size OF
the Prevailing Kind.

the Prevailing Kind.
Samples of corn of a giant species
have been obtained from Peru by the
department of agriculture. The grains
are four times the size of those of or.
binary maize, and Secretary Morton be.
lieves that the plant may be turned to
most valuable account in this country,
1t is very prolific and bears ears Of
huge dimensions The species is quite
distinct from any known in North
America, and the name Yea amylacea"
has been given to it.
The grains are extraordinarily
starchy, even for corn; hence the name
"amylacea." Already ten distinct va.
rieties of the species have been ascer.
tanned. One of them would probably
be excellent for canning, inasmuch as
1t contains an unusual percentage OF
sugar. 1t has been named Yea amyl.
acea saccharata." Undoubtedly the
species is derived from the same
source as the maize of the United
States All known varieties OF this
cereal, 1t is believed, came originally
from the yea tunicata," or clothed
corn, which still grows wild in Mexico.
Each grain on an ear of this primitive
maize is inclosed in little husk. 1t is
believed that the earliest home of the
maize plant was the highlands of cen.
trail Mexico. The vege table originated
in a circumscribed locality, above $500
feet elevation, north of the lsthmus OF
Tehuantepec and south of the twenty.
second degree of north latitude. near
the ancient seat of the Maya tribes
The Mayas were the first to cultivate
it, and from them the use of it spread
Forth and south. Probably corn was
known all along the Rio Grande by zoe
A. d. Three hundred years later it
had reached the coast of Maine. In
Peru the Incas grew it before the year
700. The tombs o. ancient Peruvians
are commonly found TO cont; = laize.
They built great irrigation s.hs to
help the cultivation of corn.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
~uE ART OF MILKING.
,,,,x Is tire Chief Desiderstum of All
bsP Methods.

T. TIE CHIEF Desiderstum of All
bsp' Methods.
~ have learned from experience
~ .he Weld of milk from cow, and
'la .r 10 large extent the quality Of
s :s same, depends very much on the
we ,ner In which she is MIXED. Con-
s".,1 our attention at this point, to
n w. actual handling Of the teats for the
w. out of the milk, there are four
US that may be adopted, though two
w '. :bam may be combined at the one
~.otion. said MIR. Primrose Neon
WI a, the recent meeting Of the
S U-;,,sh Dairy Farmers association.
Ths.e four sre-(a) stripping, (b)
.oueesing, (c) wet method, (d) dry
msthod In the stripping method the
sncars and thumb are forcibly drawn
IN the teat and the milk squirted
ant: but the operator resembles man
'. the pump from the way in which
his arms, elbows and shoulders are
-ovinr. and he sometimes gives one
.ba idea that he is drawing the milk
sovn from the very horns of the COW.
The squeezing method Tor "nievling,"
&C II Is called in Scotland) is infinitely
mperior. In it the operator grasps
tbe teat and squeezes it only, without
any pulling-the arms and elbows
rsyer moving There is no jerking
and no cessation Of the sound, for the
a ,,rAsm is started from the one teat be-
iore it is stopped to take a new hold at
tbe other. The wet or dry method
NAV either of them be employed COM
mined with either Of the two others
above mentioned.
Cows, In state Of nature, are wet
MIXED; they are wet nurses to their
avn calves, which in the act of suck
Inc wet the teat-and great many
more times daily than in the case of
i hand milking. In practice, even If
dry milking were desirable, 1t is inn
possible to obtain mixers who can
use this method, and we have to put
no with such as we can obtain.
Cleanliness of the milk is a great
dcsideratum to be aimed at, and for
this end some recommend that the
udders be wiped or brushed before
milking begins. In connection with
the operation Of milking two points
are gentleness and quickness; indeed,
Of the two quickness is the chief, for a
quick worker can Seldom be bad one.
Milking should be done quickly, quiet
f y and thoroughly. Cows should be
MIXED indoors; it is more comfortable
+ for them, and for the attendants to do
I 30, while they can be more easily fed
f with whatever extra food they are
getting. Cows should be MIXED
Twelve hours apart, but an hour or so
backward or forward in the time is
Nally Of little consequence so long as
is kept to regularly. There can be
.tle doubt that the milking of cows
IS done very great deal towards
e development of their milking
over. In a state of nature a com
tatively small quantity Of milk is
buried by the calf, and is drawn out
irregular intervals.-N. Y. World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13

feathers of the mate, the crest alone
being pure white. There will gener-
ally be few dark feathers in the
crest, but the fewer the better
AS ma be supposed, this combina-
ton 81 YES these birds a striking APP
pearance and they are much admired
when on exhibition.
The Polish fowls are unexcelled as
layers, bat their eggs are not large.
They are classed as non-sitters. In size
they are small to medium, the mature
hens weighing from four to five pounds
and the cocks five to six. In favorable
situations they are profitable 70 keep,
but are not considered to be capable
of enduring exposure to rain, wind and
cold like some other breeds.-Farm
Journal
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
PRESERVING EGGS.

Methods Which Have Been Tried and
Never Found Wanting.
lAefe is no known method by which
can be kept to be equally good as
eggs, but there are many ways
eserving them SO as to make a fair
0atute for use in the kitchen. The
object to be attained is to pre-
evaporation. Cutting off the air
u the contents of the shell pre-
'@ them longer than any other
anent At present cold storage is
S'uered the best method of preserv-
eggs, but few have the necessary
,iues, and where the amount is
!, one of the following recipes
Oe found acceptable:
~ may be preserved by packing
n end down in salt, sand or dry
care being taken that they do
"uch each other. They must be
covered with the packing mate
aud kept in a cool place If pre-
~, they may be wiped before pack
WIN vaseline, to VIII ich salicylic
mas been added, or given coating
S.I butter, or covered W it'll spir..
KY male by dissolving gum
LAC In alcohol.
II preserving in lime pickle ia
~ the following way: Take
iour gallons of water, twelve
nss OF unslacked lime and four
nus NUS OF salt, or in that proportion,
pro ns to the quantity OF eggs to
t9erVed. Stir several times daily
Had I'n let stand until the liquor has
csro. ana Is perfectly clear. Draw
tins siu,iy dip off the clear liquid,
d q, the sediment at the bottom.
M y, ounces each of baking soda,
an =, tartar, saltpeter and boraz
H. ouhce of alum. Pulverize and
mo- ,,e Sc and dissolve in a gallon d
hi water water and add to the mixture
lei. %TSanty gallons of pure lime.
/ IT. This win about fill a cider bar.
4sr the eggs in carefully in .
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
AROUND THE DAIRY.

PROF. SANBoRN says that cut clover
and straw are as good for feeding as
timothy.
In packing butter place cloth COW
cred with salt at the bottom and cover
with cloth covered with salt.
Z. w. STEWART praises highly ground
white beans as food for mich cows
OF course they would be excellent.
ALWAYS churn just as soon as there
Is cream enough and sufficient acidity
develops. If cream is held beyond
that it will be injured.
If milk is set in open pans the pans
should be only about half full Better
results in cream rising will be seq
than if the pans are full.
Cows DO well on pumpkins, but they
should not be fed too freely. Cut them
in pieces with corn cutter and feed
mixed with wheat bran.
PUT up ensilage, but do not expect
that it will be a perfect ration, espe-
cially if there is not considerable corn
in it. Supplement it in feeding with
grain.
II the private dairy will adopt the
same rules and the same implements
that the creamery has, it will turn out
just as good and uniform product as
the creamery can.
The curing-room for cheese should
be kept at temperature of 65 to 70
degrees The room must be so con-
structed that the outside temperature
will have no effect upon it.
If the butter does not come in a
reasonable time, try a different tenn
perature. Just what temperature a
certain lot Of cream requires must
often be determined by experiment. :
Farmers Voice.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
The selection OF rertnlzers.

Many farmers who use fertilizer
content themselves by procuring phos'
pilates. While the phosphates are ex'
cellent, yet they do not give the best
results when used alone Fertilizers
should also contain nitrogen and pot
ash, the proportions varying according
to the demands of the soil Land that
has produced crop of clover, and the
sod turned under, will produce good
crops if phosphate and potash are used,
as the clover roots supply the needed
nitrogen. No formula for a fertilizer
can be given for all soils. Farmers can
only learn what their soils require ny
experimenting to some extent
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13

ready this season. They run Just under
the surface, not leaving anything in
their track. and leave the surface near
ly level They are given enough dip to
cause them to stay into the soil with
out any pressure. We use them both
on double and single eultivators, and
believe them to be the only perfee,
weed destroyer we know of.
l believe this style of shovel to be
original, as have never seen or heard
OF any such one for attaching to any
pillow or cultivator. give the descrip-
ton for the bene at of those who are
in the same box | was In In regard to
weedy ground. l believe by using
such shovels judiciously, Canada this
ties could easily be exter minated from
infested ground.-J. NJ. Petersime, in
Ohio Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13

vantages of being in the open air
Such shed will cost but little, but
care must be taken that no holes or
cracks are in the walls, as small cur
rents Of air are more injurious than
exposures outside. The walls may be
lined with tough paper of some kind,
which may be tackled on. By this ar
raRgemeut more turkeys can be raised,
and they will be less liable to disease.
They can be easily taught to go under
the shed by placing wire mesh along
the front and combining them therein
for few days. The house should face
the south. Farm and Preside
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13

ficult to apply any direct remedy.
Trap lights have been tried, but the
results are considered of very doubtful
benefit, as is also the method of at
tracing and destroying the corn worm
moths by poisoned sweets. A good
remedy is the planting of few rows of
particularly early corn, to which the
worms are very partial When they
concentrate their energies on these
the rows may be cut up and fed to
hogs. This will destroy the great bulk
of the injurious brood, but fall plow-
ing is undoubtedly the most practical
method of combating this pest. Kero-
sene emulsion is the best remedy when
the tomato Is attacked,-N. Y. World
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
THE CITIZEN FREDERCKMD, MORNING SEPTEMBER a 1895

basstet or colander, so as not to crack
any If the shells, letting the water al.
ways stanl an inch above the eggs.
which can be done by placing barrel
head little smaller upon them and
weigh.-S it. The eggs should remain
in the brine until ready for use. If it
svaporates more water may be added,
but the pickle should never be used
more than once. These proportions
will give brine enorgh to preserve
about one hundred and fifty dozen
eggs.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
ABOUT SHADE TREES.

Do Not Set Them So as to Keep Sunshine
from the House.
The fashion of setting shade trees Is
becoming almost universal, and it is
one that should be encouraged, for
they are both picturesque and useful,
and add much to the appearance of .
home. When this Is being done.
though, care should be taken not to
set the trees where they will be in the
way at some future time. When set
ting trees, try to imagine how they
will look when full grown and then
you can easily determine where they
should stand. The primary object of
shade trees. Is, of course, the cool
shade they provide, but this is some
thing that can be easily overdone. We
know of more than one house that is
shaded until it is gloomy, and that is
not the object of shade about house.
AS sunshine Is the greatest and best
disinfectant and deodorizer, the trees
should be set so as to allow the sun to
strike every part of the house and
shine into every window that it could
reach if the trees were not there.
Again the trees should be set in places
where they will never interfere with
views from the windows of the house
unless there may be some that it is de-
sirable to use the trees as screen to
hide. In such cases, evergreen trees
make the best living screens, for they
are there the year through. Too many
trees in yard is not as bad as none,
but they spoil the effect.
We have many natural trees that
make perfect shade trees, and the
nurseries furnish many ornamental
sorts that look well In a yard.
Set shade trees by all means but dc
not set them so as to keep sunshine
from the house and spoil your outlook
farm News
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
ARE SPLENDID LAYERS.
White Crested Black Polish Said to Be
Very Profitable Breed,

white Crested Black Polish Sid to Be a
Very Profitable Breed.
Polish fowls are unknown in Poland.
1t is conjectured that the name comes
from the popularity of the head, or
poll, and that the polish or polled has
been shor tened to Polish.
All the varie ties of this breed have
large top knot or crest, shown in the
Illustration, which represents the
white crested black. This is one of
the Oldest varieties of the Polish
fowls.
When we'll bred the plumage is a
deep black with beautiful iridescent
tints on the hackle, saddle and tai:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
MtScEllAN EOUS.
VNHE OLD AND RELIABLE
SHOE HOUSE.
FREDERICK, MD.
mo GOODS MISREPREsENTED."
No. 10 n. MARKET STREET.
TO THE LADIES'.

Now that winter is passed with slI It's snow
and chilly blast. we begin TO think OF those hot
summer months which are sure TO follow
therefore We want to do away with those high
cut shoes We have been wearing to keep us
warm and think how we can keep ourselves
cool. Now IL you want TO keep cool, which
everybody does, why just purchase a pair OF
those easy and ''perfect fit' Oxford Ties that
We are offering at such low H. ures this season
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
J. & T. COUSINS

handmade Oxfords which sell by their repuia-
ton. you will find after wearing TO be the best
Oxford you ever had on your foot. they are per
feet beauties on the feet and as soft as a glove
II you are troubled with those uncomfortable
fits, which you are always complaining OF slip
ping in the heel. or too tight here or there, try
pair of these which we recommend so highly,
we guarantee satisfaction. Now we can give
you these styles in any color. Tans or Blacks,
for Women, Misses and Children.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13

wide, from such plate, as above. The
blades are given enough bend In the
center to give room for riveting the
upright or standard fast, the bend also
giving the blade more strength.
They cost me, complete, for a set Of
four, sl.25, and have saved me an almost
unlimited amount Of hand hoein0 al
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
LETTERING DEVICES.
'th Keep Animals from Winding the
Rope About the Stake.

10Th Keep Animals from Winding the
Rope About the Stake.
It is often desired to tether horse,
|w or calf in the field. To keep them
bonn winding the rope about the bar
stake to which they are attached is
kportant Two methods are shown
e'ewith. A long, stout, iron hook
Fay be pressed down into the turf,
Fere being just curve enough in the
lrt in the ground to keep it from
Filing out, but not too much to pre-
pit the hook from being turned about
the soil, as shown in Fig. /. The
X must be long enough and stout
lgh so that it will not pull out
Cough the turf. The device illus
fted In Fig. Q needs little explana-
on. The wooden affair that slips
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
CARING FOR TURKEYS.

1t Pays to Provide the Birds with Sc
cure Boosting Shed.
The turkey usually seeks a high
roosting place, as matter of protec.
ton from enemies, but the jumping
from the tree limbs often causes lame
ness. They are also exposed in win
ter, which causes roup. A cheap shed,
open on one side, with a high roost.
will protect them from winds, and at
the same time give them all the ad-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
OXFORD TIES.

Why We have them in every style that yoL
can think OF, square, opera. piccadilly, square
point, globe and that common sense toe which
is SO easy and comfortable TO those who suffer
with corns and bunions.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
REVOLVING TETRER.

pwn over the iron bar, and that turns
fely about it, must be of hard wood
hd short enough to stand the strain
pom it, The pieces Of plank may be
Pund with hoop iron around the
ICES for added strength. Even if the
'pe gets wound about this 1t will I'M
md when the animal pulls upon it
Range Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-09-13
SHOES FOR MEN.

Gentlemen, when you think OF purchasing
shoes which are all the 20 this season. why
give us call and you will find the largest
stock to select from in the city" styles, we
will give you al idea; there is the needle pic
cadtlly, opera, razor toes and many others, In
all colors Of Tan you can possibly think OF.