davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20
No. i.-Asphalt blocks thrown by frost.

mer, In the sun. asphalt pavements have
given entire satisfaction, remaining suff-
cicntly frm IN the summer for traffic,
ana yet in the extreme cold of winter
never becoming brittle. In Toronto,
where similar conditions exist, we find
that the first pavement of 4 500 yards was
laid in 1885 ami up TO December, 1898,
more than $4,000 yards had been laid,
and large amount has been contracted
for this year. The same is true In 1iin-
neapolis and St. Paul l.. W. Rundlett,
City Engineer, OF st. Paul, writes: z "Of
Trinidad sheet asphalt We have about four
miles. 1t has given very good sa gisfac-
ton, and is the best pavement we have In
the city" The ST. Paul Pioneer-Press
OF August .. 1885, states: The town is
tumbling with one accord TO asphalt as
the king of paYerents for business
streets. All the Old objections have been
silenced by the visible and palpabie proofs
afforded by the results OF eight years
service on Summit avenue
In Denver ana places in the far West of
high altitude the increase in sheet as
phalt pavement has been truly phenome-
nal. The first pavement was laid ia
Denver in 1850, and consisted OF Z, 500 yards,
ana on December !, 1893. the total guam
tity in use was 2z0.SN yards.
In New Orleans. where the tempera-
ture never falls very low in winter. and
where i'm summer the heat of the sun on
the streets is extreme. sheet asphalt pave-
ment has given satisfaction, as is shown
by the report OF the city Engineer who
SAYS: Trinidad asphalt is a favorite in
New Orleans. The pavement has proven
satisfactory, and We have eight miles of
IL "
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20
DOLL1Rs AND SENSE.
Mr.. Edward T.. Elliott VIII Appear IN
Richmond Again.

Mr.. Edward p. Elliott, OF Boston VINO
gave such a delightful rendition OF "hazei
Kirke" last Thursday evening at the \.
NJ. c. A. Hall, will appear tomorrow
night at the same hall for the beneht Oh
tine library fund of the Y. NJ. e. A. ~
the delightful monologue, dollars ana
Sense" 81,
MIR. Elllott's impersonation OF eac9 Oh
the characters in the cast is so stfiNitsS
octer in a manner so typical to itself that
ifretains = distinct Individuality ana the
thought of the personality of the imper-
senator is lost In the following OF the
different characters throughout the mon
oIogue. This class of entertainment Is
becoming more and more popular every
,a.or. "a we'll as Evolutionary powers for
ono man to successfully portray several
different characters. and at the same
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

asphalt wearing surface. Nearly all the
cross streets from Twenty-third street to
sixtieth street and from Madison 10
ssxth avenues. In the city OF New YORK,
are laid this way. and very large num-
her of streets IN other portions or the
civ have been so re-surfaced, and have
given entire satisfaction. as Is shown by
the report Of the City Engineer.
on a good Telford macadam road the
asphaIt IL laid In the following manner:
J.he surface OF the macadam is thorough
N swept with sunf brooms until all dirt
and fine particles have been removed.
Ifpou this surface bituminous binder
coat. as already described. I'm covering
cobble stones and blocks, Is placed, and
on the top OF this binder-coat the sheet
asphalt wearing surface is laid.
The boulevard in New York city, be-
ginning at the Eighth-avenue entrance 10
tie park. and which carries nearly all Of
the traffic 10 Riverside Drive. and the
west side Of the city TO Manhattanville.
IS laid in this manner and has given eX-
ceiient service. 1t will be well for your
authorities to consider that as your city
IS entirely paved with macadam on resi-
dence streets. especially such as Washing
ton or Asylum avenues. this pavement
would unquestionably meet all require
ments a. a foundation. and give the resi-
dents OF sheet asphalt pavement at a
moderate expense.
DURABILITY.
The Trinidad sheet asphalt pavements
are guaranteed by the company laying
them for "a period Of five years, free OF
all expense TO the city. This pavement
wears out only by abrasion. The sheet
asphalt laid opposite the Arlington Hotel
in Washington. has been down about
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20
WHY NOT THE ROADWAY
TIE ASPHALT AND GRANOLITHIC
SHOULD KEEP COMPANY.
An Address BBfore tho Board OF Trade OF
Hartford on tho Science of Street
Making, and Examples Given.

The recent action OF the city Council
in providing that whenever the sidewalks
on Broad street. between Adams and
Ninth streets. are renewed they shall be
with granollthic paving. is movement
that Will be highly appreciated by all
who travel that great thOrougnfare. es-
Iccially in rainy weather
The contrast between those portions
which have already been paved with this
smooth and beautiful material ana the
old. worn brick paycments is very mark
ca at such times.
Even Boo rainy weather tho new pave
mcnt may be travelled without discom-
fort. but as a chain is only as strong as
It's weakest Ink. so a sidc"aiN is only
ass good as its poorest section when one
has to walk . fun length.
10 IS. therefore To De hoped that the
transformation VIII soon come.
The next step 90 make mis- main thor
oughfarc "a beauty ana Joy forever
would boz 10 add 10 the ordinance above
mentioned one providing that when the
pavement Of the roadway is repaired II
shall De- with asphalt. This style OF
pavement is very popular, and is grow
inr iu favor in AN the principal citles.
hartford Conn. Is studying deeply the
problem Of good streets ana recently The
board OF Trade invited Mir. henry f..
Hatlcy. prcsdch- Of the STANDARD As
phalr company OF New York, to ADDRESS
that body on street asphalt AS "a material
for streets.
The address ana Tho Illustrations, which
sppcarod In The Hartford Courant, are
secured through the courtesy Of that eX-
Qllcnt journal
Mr.. HAwLEI = Address.
Mr. HaWloy said.
Ia response 20 AN invitation from your
board 20 address SOU on the subject OF
a.phaH and paving / would say that the
general subject OF paving is too wide 10
ID. covered by "a moderate address. You
have already sample OF brick pavcments
ON Pratt street. which was laid on sand
foundation. and the pavement cost near
Is 81 per square yard so much in excess
az Tho cost of sheet asphalt pavcmcnts
that DC is hardly necessary TO refer 10
brick. connnc myself. therefore. f."
nsphalt pavemcuts atone. I'm the well
known island Of Trinidad. of INC coast OF
Ncuezucla. there rs found an extensive
deposit OF hiWmou, known as the ittch
Lake" which seems iueNhdusublc, bcin
continually supplied uon natural sub
f,rrauean sources. 1m- material Us
shrS,ed directly 90 our Atlantic ports.
whore IL is refined and Boy this process
al impurities removed. The refining
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

time 20 make the thread of the story
clear and connected.
Mr.. Elliott, without doubt, stands in the
very front rank of his profession.
The following letter from Mr.. Polk Mil
Ter will be read with considerable interest
in connection with Mr.. Elliotts engage
ment tomorrow night at the Y. NJ. G. A.
Nashville Tenn. Jan. 10, 1874.
| have had the pleasure OF hearing Mr..
Edward p Elliott on two occasions, and
was charmed with his entertainments. He
is an impersonator of the highest order,
and the naturalness with which he does
his work in his Character Sketches" re-
minds me of Joe Jefferson in mp Van
Wrinkle" He is an actor with n all, and
performs his work smoothly and with
such an absence Of self-importaEce as
to cause his audience TO enter into the
thread of II and become part of the
play. POLk MlLLbh'
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

thirteen years. and although there Is a
cab stand located there where the horses
are continually pounding upon it in winter
and summer. it shows no appreciate
wear. Washington is admitted 10 be
the best paved city in the United states
and ca,taip ! G. Fiebeger. Of the Corps
NJ Emitted states Army Engineers, in his
report dated November ], 1899, referring
to asphalt pavcments. says: The Trini-
dad asnhalt has been considered the stan
dard pavement since 1873. The asphalt
pavement laid on Pennsylvania avenue
lasted about twelve years
Superintendent McCarty OF Chicago,
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

C.-Cobble stones or Belgian blocks
city in 1873. to the extent Of 1903 square
Yards. The first sheet asphalt pavement
,,as laid in Washington i'm 1873, since
which time there has been phenomenal
increase. so that in December, leG, there
had been laid Of the latter, III seventy
three cities i'm the United States. TO the
extent of 100000 square yards. IN olh-
cinnau for instance, in 1919, SOO squdIe
wards we're laid. up to December 1885,
10000 square yards, and very ldISe
quantity has been contracted LOT inns
year. In Philadelphia li,50 square yards
were laid in 1883, and up to December
1Sg3 the total was over l'ZoVO
square yards. and ! thlnK over
100000 has been contracted LOT
this wear. In Toronto in 1883 400 square
wards were laid, and up to December
1Nq2 233 90 SQUARE yards. Without null
tiplving examples, it is sufficient TO say
that taking thirty-hve of the largest
cities of the United States, the average
date at which sheet asphalt was hrst III
troduced is 1sS6; the total quantity HrSI
laid was $1,000 square yards, or an a'-
erage Of 1880 square yards In each clty'
The total quantity laid up to December
81. 1898 (seven years later. In these INN y
tive cities was If $50 900 square yards. ms
|
mali pavement must have answered
every requirement. or no such increase
would have been possible; especially as
I'm most cities the property-owners peu-
tion for the kind Of pavement they de-
sire and pay one-half of the expense.
when the paper was concluded, Coun-
Gilman Royce asked Mr.. Hawley now
leaks OF the water pipes were discovered
under the sheet asphalt. Mr.. Hawley
said most of the leaks were in the ser
vice pipes and revealed themselves Leaks
of the mains were detected by boring
small holes. easily filled up. He said
thai If it was argued that the water
would come up through block asphalt,
that would also prove 1t would go down
through It, and so would destroy one
important claim made for IT.
lie estimated that residence streets, now
macadamized could be asphalted over for
about sos yard. He said that on
str.ots whore there are rails. granite
blocks are set along the rails, and the as
phalt is run up to the blocks.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

pounded down as nearly as possible 10
uniform surface and covered with btu
minous concrete or binder-coat, composed
OF clean, broken stone. sand or gravel,
not exceeding one inch in their largest
dimensions. thoroughly screened and mix
cd with asphaltic cement made from
Trinidad asphalt. This is laid on the
street at a temperature OF about 800 de-
grees. and Is rolled until the surface Is
brought 10 uniform grade and cross
section; upon this binder is spread the
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

settle. il is. therefore, the most sanitary
pavement. Being smooth, the street can
be swept perfectly clean, which cannot
be done in any block pavement, because
while the top surface Of the blocks may
be swept the seams make a lodging
place for dirt and germs Of disease, which
cannot be removed by any known system
OF street cleaning.
Two or three years ago. when New Nork
city was disturbed by the cholera scare.
it was found that the sheet asphalt pave
ments which had been laid in the tene-
ment house districts could not only he
swept perfectly clean, but could b. lush
cd from the hydrants. and every particle
of filth washed into the sewers. This
accounts for the large increase Of as
phat paving during the last two years
in the districts referred 10.
Where block pavement is laid on con-
crete foundation there must be a cush-
ION Of sand between II, and when the wa
ter and impurities Of the streets settle
through these seams into this cushion Of
sand there is no drainage. on account OF
the underlying solid mass OF concrete, and
therefore in time this sand cushion be-
comes very filthy and unhealthy.
sIIrPEnTEss.
One Of the chief objections alleged by
people not conversant with the subject
j., mat she T. asphalt pavement IS more
slippery than others. This is not the
case Trinidad sheet asphalt should not
be confused with rock asphalt pavements
which are IN use I'm Paris. Berlin, and
other European Cities. There are no
Trinidad sheet asphalt pavements in Eu-
rope. Rock asphalt pavemcnts are COM
posed Of a bituminOus rock. found IN Eu-
rope which is crushed and ground and
after being sufficiently heated, is laid upon
the streets and tamped down, when 1t APP
parently assumes it's original condition.
Being a stone, and therefore Of more or
less finty nature, it makes a very hard
pavement and becomes polished by the
action Of the horses and traffic of the We
hicles, so that it is very slippery. and
while it was used on some streets in
New York notably the upper portion of
Madison avenue-it has been discarded,
and all repairs to it have been made with
Trinidad Lake asphalt. The Trinidad
sheet asphalt wears out only by abrasion,
and being of a sandy material never pol
lshes. but retains the same gritty sur
face after years of wear as when first
laid.
CLIMATIC INFLUENCES.
one Of the special advantages of sheet
asphalt pavement is its adaptability 10
any climate. and as II is mixed at the
place where 1t is to be laid, changes can
be made in its component parts to suit
different temperatures. For example, in
Montreal. where the temperature rises
from many points below zero in winter, to
over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, in the sum-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

thing. In every respect, CONSIDER the
asphalt pavement superior TO any other
in reaching "A fire.
There is far less wear and tear to
the running gear OF the engines. hose
carriage and trucks on asphalt pavement
than on stone blocks. consequently less
liability to break down on have accidents,
and much better time is made In getting
over the road to fires"
SoIsELEss.
Sheet asphalt pavement &c absolutely
noiseless, and In these DAYS. when every
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20
ENGINEERS REPORTS.

We give below the reports OF engineers
In various cities throughout the United
States where asphalt pavements have
been long tried
In n letter TO NJ. II. Sherer, City Engi-
neer OF Troy, MIR. Fields, chief engineer
of Buffalo, writes: 1--WE laid pavement
in 1882 with asphalt paving blocks, and
re-surfaced a portion of the same with
sheet asphalt In 1889. and the remainder OF
the street In 1891. The block asphalt
pavement was laid with great care. but
Notwithstanding. in few years developed
great many holes and depressions,
which, were found difficult to repair; IN
fact. the only way TO repair was 20 re-
surface with sheet asphalt. A sheet as
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

phalt pavement properly laid Is far SUI
perior to any block asphalt We have
seen here"
Robert Swan. superintendent. Alleghe-
nv pa. writes: First sheet asphalt
pavement laid In 1885, quantity. about one
mile: five miles are under contract to be
laid In 1891"
Charles G. Brown, City Engineer OF
Indianapolis. writes: The results from
asphalt pavements in this city have been
good we have 1859 miles of asphalt
pavement Asphalt was first laid in In
dianapolis I'm the year 1880. Repairs have
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20
THE TINES DOCIOK.
A Good Comm on-ssnse Talk About Our
HaoIth and How to Keep IL.

Pain without fever. says a prominent
physician in Good Health, may be very
severe. and may cause much suffering,
hut in acute attacks il is not dangerous.
eff YOU had this amount of pain that you
complain Of" he said 10 a patient. VINO
had hastily summoned him; IN any IN
fiammatory disease, you would be III
raging fever. II you have no fever you
need never worry. Most serious III
nesses are preceded by a chill. rms Is
a symptom which should never be disre-
-arded and it is always safest 10 put
a child 10 bed and stop its 1ood.
Warmth and dieting will be found to be
rho host remedy for any ordinary indis-
nosition. while for the beginning or any
serious trouble. 1t Is often the only thnS
that can be done until the disease de-
clares itself.
A SIMPLE METHOD or VENTILATION.
A number of the old houses have not
the weighted windows, and Ventilation
becomes a hardship and even danger
uben the window is raised from the
bottom. Without precautions. drafts oc-
eur, and the consequences eie
Pneumonia, etc
After Won have raised your window,
rlsce beneath it a board fitting we'll into
the frame. and let IL be about six Inches
wide. Lower the sash upon it. This al
lows the outside air TO enter between the
two sashes. and the air In entering Is
directed upward. afterwards falling gen
tIv This method is inexpensive. ELL
Gent and easy OF application.
WATER.
The noble "Jeems" has again been on
the rampage. and the consequence Is that
the Iong-sufiering citizens OF Richmond
are once more introducing into their sys'
TENS "the purest and best water on
earth" (sic). laden with Heaven knows
what not. One feels blest because he
is permitted to enjoy this nectar.
Some one. have forgotten whom. said
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

body IS subjected TO "A grea. nervous
strain. the lack OF noise IS appreciated IN
every professional or mercantile office. as
well as in our homes on residence streets.
NON-ABSoRPTTOS.
Sheet asphalt Is absolutely impervious
10 water. There are no cracks or seams
as in block pavements. through which
the water and the impurities of the street
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

l,..l.ts ii, rlJriue the crude asphalt M
r.,.,. closed kettles. each containing
about s.yenty-hVe TONS and subJecJhs IL
Id a hian and uniform heat duilhs Sel
erI DAYS. until the mass is completely
melted. and an impure substances selue
=, nh. .h,ttom. The pure asphalt is then
tr.,..u of into open barrels, where IL
..o.e and h4rIcu-. when ~ Is ready TOT
.ntrrD,vr go places whore the pavement
Is 10 be- laid It is there r"-mtl'.d ia
....,I plants EXPRESSLY constructed Jog li'
rrrro-e. am! missed with r'~ldD@hl On
th4s forming asIuaiuc cclh'h anu ''-'H
a..du bv th, aiu ot machinery Us hlAo"
with nue. sharp sand ana po"o'' -" I'M
.t.u. and t4it.t TO tho street az
r.,,.t.i.Itlf. lf about 5000 degrees fdhith-
nan Nf,r bcIu- carefully spread upon
b.. ..irt... off concrete foundation, IL Is
..,tutI..d and I1u,d down by h'N!
.tasm rollers to the required thickness
In nearly every elly ne character Oh INC
sand diners. and therefore the Proportions
of a-ph4ItiD cement sand ana HHe u"9l
winch constitute the pavement are va
rfcd 10 meet the change OF eHinale 10
which tbc pavement may br auhJe'it.l'
BEFORE If is laid. sample pdNcm'ui@ are
,..4. tu the laboratory. Win Inherent
...l.ur.,. of sand. obmHahl' near where
n is to bc put down. so That "nF lhe
n.-, quality may be used The proper
tous al the wearing surface, theieI"Ie'
vary as follows.
A4pn4luc cement from - per cent. TO
10 ~ per cent
Farbouate OF lime from o per cent. 20
rs per cent.
shall not touch apun the method oi
manufacturing block asphalt as l ihd
tnat the subject has already been SUM
GENTLY treated iu Your public press.
,,ould observe. however mat ne pro
norton OF asphalt used iu the latter
Is apparently uniform at - per cent,
,true tu sheet asphalt the lowest per
r.ntaee of asphalut cement is II per cent.
and runs as hish as D, per cent-very
rarely below %.
This is the reason why sheet asphalt 4
l,.tter adapted o. changes of climate
man blocks. because the latter are all
made under one formula. without regard
to the conditions of inc place In which
- So laid
CONSTRUCTION.
sheet asphalt pavement can be laid en-
tirclV new or n can by used 60 re-sur-
lace streets already paved bat out of
r,pair The standard pavement Is two
and ouc-hdlf inches OF sheet asphalt laid
on siN inches of concrete foundation. In
Buffalo. where the soil IS clay. pavement
$50 Laid has been found To- support the
heaviest traffic On streets whore the
SOL is better. and especially where the
road Is mec3daW. tour inches of con-
crete and TWO inches of asphalt surface
have been found amplE sufficient 10 meet
aII requirements. ana has lasted for years.
Where streets have already been paved
with oohblestones or Belgian blocks. and
repairs are needed. the surface Is thor
oushly swept win sihi hrooms untiI all
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

OF a days work must always be joined To
the work done the day before, and no
cross seam is observable. The same re-
suit is obtained i'm making repairs.
Wherever any kind OF blocks (stone,
brick. wood or ASPHALT, are removed for
repairs. it is impossible to lamp the
ground as hard as the other portions OF
the street. and the new blocks being
re-laid on softer foundation, must speedily
settle: After the blocks have settled, on ac-
count of frost, or from any of the causes
above named. the depression OF the sur
face causes the formation of pools OF wa
ter. which leak through the joints OF the
blocks. anu cause still further settling.
and the pavement assumes wayy ap-
peardncc.
sMOOTHNTSS.
\ sheet asphalt pavement IS the only
pavement which gives an absolutely
smooth surface. without seams or joints.
II reduces the friction. increases the haul
Ing power Of horses, and saves IN repairs
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20
-crete With two inches aand cushion.

20 vehicles. 1t Is calculated that the
traction ON asphalt being one, that upon
granite dimension blocks Will be two on
rough Belgian and ordinary macadam,
three; and on rough macadam. five 10. SIX.
Martin Cronin, chief OF Fire Department
District OF Columbia. stated as follows:
."Whateyer success has been attained
In the fire service of Washington Is due
more TO the asphalt pavement and the
facilities 1t affords In promptly reaching
the scene of a IRE than TO any other one
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20
No 6coble stones resurfaeed with sheet ~
~ B 81 : z = 9 :
DI)csz-j.-xJ,..DS.lr.l Z z.

A.-Sheet asphalt wearing surface.
B.-Binder-coat of asphalt and smah
stone.
C.-Cobble stones or Belgian blocks
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-01-20

pavemens rad been opened for repairs to
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-08-08
NOW GOING BACK HOME.
Mrs. Gardner Willing to Return
to Her Mother and
Baby.
VIII Also Meet Her Husband Before
Retiring to Some Sani-
tarium.

NORWICH, Conn. Aug. Mrs. Anna
Nj. Gardner, the missing Christian En-
deavor delegate, who was located in Nor
wien yesterday, left for Chicago this after
noon in company with J. w. Landers of
Arcadia, Nebr., who has been prosecuting
the search for her for a month. Mrs.
Gardner said yesterday that she would not
return home, but to-day City Missionary
Swan visited her and having gal ned her
confidence led her to express her desire to
see her baby and finally got her to consent
to go to the home of her mother, Mrs.
Barr of Sitka, Mich.
Mrs. Gardner will meet her husband at
the Palmer House, Chicago at to-mor-
row night. Her condition to-day is greatly
changed since yesterday. The arrival of
Landers and the discovery of her past his
tory, which she thought she had buried,
have completely unnerved her. She COM
planned about her head to-day and said
she had not kept it straight. There is no
doubt that she is suffering from a disor-
dered mind, although the friends she has
made during her stay here had not dis
covered any signs of unsoundness. Mr..
Landers said before leaving Norwich that
Mrs. Gardner would undoubtedly be placed
in sanitarium, as she was suffering from
mild form of insanity as the result of the
drudgery of a farm life, her husband being
poor farmer. She is naturally bright and
was well educated and fitted for teacher.
She is but % years OF age and has been
married nine years.