davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
New-York. January %. 1895
cAsIMIR-rERlER's BAD PRECEDENT.

To the Editor % The Tribune
Sir. May lie permitted TO point ont what seems
10 to be the Inevitable result OF the resigna-
ton Of President Casimr-Perler- consequence as
lasting a. disastrous He has set a very bad
precedent Hereafter. every time there IS Min
istcrial crisis In France which usually occurs
twice a year there viii also he Presidential
crisis. ami France viii be- kept In continual tur-
moll cas.mir Pericr ought to have applied 10 the
senate FOR its consent 20 dissolution OF the pres
eni Chamber OF Deputies. and thus appealed di-
rccily t. the people The Senate is at present
conservative body. and would, without doubt. have
given i's consent, The Chamber. however excellent
rs members may Ice Individually. IL. takon CO.
lcctiyely. mess TOT the devil
This crisis U.s. Ia measure. a repetition OF tho
crisis which resulted In the resignation OF Presi-
den, Greyy And Casmir Perier. insiead OF profit
ing by the mistake of Greyy has simply repeated
his bunlcr crew should have refused to counte-
nance the idca that the President OF the Republic
is IN any way dcpcs lent upon the Chamber OF
Deputies. and should have refused TO allow the
Chamber TO force the resignation OF the President.
The Constitution makes the Ministry dependent on
the Chamber. which can force 1t out 81 Office AT
any time by u vote %, want OF confidence but this
does not apply TO The President. who represents
France and IL supposed 10 be- independent OF tho
Chamber. Instead o. resgnine when he found 1t
impossible TO form Ministry. on account Of the
determinauon % The Chamber 10 make Minis,
icrlal crisis into Presidential crisis GrSvy should
nave obtained tho consent of the Senate to disso-
luton OF the Chamber, and LEFT II To- the people
10 decide II the senate refused It's consent (which
by the Constitution is necessary before the Presi
dent can lissol.e the Chamb.rl Grevy at least
would have done his utmost TO prevent the anomaly
81 thr President hciug dependent on IN" caprice or
turbulent and iUromDctcut chamber.
And now Casilnir Pericr has followed the bad
precedent set by Grc,y. and with even less cause.
has resigned IN face az a s.ilc Chamber he has
established the theory that the President ~ the
which IL already PLAYING too important a role in
the Government of France. ana which In future
~lll ASSUME the powers. and perhaps Initiate the
example. OF the Convention during the French
Revolution REGINALD H. WILLIAMS.
NeW-iOrk. Jan IT, 1854
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
NOTES or TIE STAGE.

Mrs. Langtrys manager desires denial OF a
report that "A Wifes Peril" is to be played by
another actress this winter. Mrs Langtry holds
the American rights TO the play. the manager de-
clares, and no one else will play 1t.
Several hundred furniture manufacturers who
are now in town Will attend tomorrow nights
performance of Little Christopher" at the Gar
den Theatre.
An auction sale Of seats for the first night OF
Beerbohm Trees engagement at Abbey's Thea
ire will take place at the theatre tomorrow at
?. m Seats remaining unsold at the auction and
all seats for the remainder Of the week Will be
on sale at the boxofiice Friday. at a.
Mrs. Sarah Cowen lie Moyne continued her
ries OF readings from the works OF Robert Brown
ing at the Lyceum Theatre yesterday afternoon
Her selections were I'm Balcony" and over
the Sea Our Galeys Went" from "Paracelsus."
Lippo Lippi." "Ciive'' and The Italian in Eng
land" on February she VIII give Saul and
Rabbi Ben Ezra and on February u. "A Blot
In the the Scutcheon."
This meodrama The Man Without a Country d"
full OF sensational scenes occupies the stage of the
Columbus Theatre this week. At the Harlem
Opera House Eddie Foy appears IN L work with
1t Is announced that Miss Charlotte Drrand Of
the Irving Pace Theatre COMPANY. 3 soon to
be married to Count Bossanye. a wealthy Hun
garian.
John Roster OF Roster & Bial who has been sick
with the grip for some weeks. has so far recovered
that he reappeared in his Office yesterday for the
first time.
Charles Frohman will produce. at Hoyi's The
atre, on February %. W. Lestod and T.. VI. Rob
sons play. THE Founding" In the cast will be
f. NJ Holland Charles J. Richman. = Miller Kent.
Joseph Humphreys, Miss Margaret Craven, Miss
George Busby. Miss Helen Tracy, Miss Jane
Stetson. Miss Emily Seward and Miss Madeline
Bouton II will be preceded by one-act play IN
which Miss Annie Russell will have part
The new one-act play TO be given Friday after
the Actors Fund benefit. at The Empire
Theatre. is entitled "Marsa Van" and TIll be
played by members OF the Empire company.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
TOCNG AMHERST ALCNNI DINE.
OFFICERS FOR 1895 ELECTED-HOPING FOR UNION
WITH THE OLDER GRADUATE ASSOCIATION.

OFFICERS FOR 1895 EIECTED-HOPING FOR UNION
WITH THE OLDER GRADUATE ASSOCIATION.
The Amherst Young Alumni Association. which
was formed about three years ago, he'd dinner
at the St. Denis Hotel last night. and covers were
laid for 100 OF the men who have been graduated
at Amherst College In recent years. There have
been several dinners of the association during It's
short existence. but the of last night was re-
garded important because IT was made the
occasion for the election Of officers. Immediately
after coffee and cigars had been served there was
a business meeting at which C. +. Wells, OF the
class OF 6s presided. and the following officers OF
the association for 1895 were elected: President.
ii. L. Brio gman. &c; vice-presdent, W +. Crtten-
den. ~; ecrctary and treasurer. g X Hathaway
"a: meml rs of the Executive Committee A r.
James. s. and II. :. Breed.
1t was esoved to change the name OF the asso.
citation The Amherst Association Of New ork;;
in the epe Of bringing about union with the old
Ami st Alumni Association which has ceased 10
have annual dinners.
Professor II. H. NELL. who represented the iac,
ulty OF Amherst College at the dinner, talked 10
the alumni a few minutes. and Mr. Nens mare
complimentary remarks about the Rev Or park-
hurst Amherst Mention or Dr. fark-
bursts name was applauded warmly MT Brlds-
man. who with Lieutenant Peary last sum
fner. talked about his experience in Arctic regions
and Illustrated his address with sereopucoh views
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
INCIDENTS ~ SOCIETY.

The fourth meeting Of the season OF the Tuesday
Evening Dancing Class better known Mrs. John
l. Halls class, took place last night in the large
white and gold ballroom at Sherrys. Mrs. Hall
received with the other patronesses. Mrs. Frederic
Goodridgc. Mrs. Lawrence Wells, Mrs. John Erving
Mrs William Rhnelander. Mrs Frederic j. de
register. Mrs. Frederic Gallatin Mrs. W. w Hop
pm. Mrs. Charles f. Sands and Mrs. j. Lyon Gar
diner The cotillon, which was danced before sup
per, was led oy Alexander NJ. Hadden who had
partner Miss Hoppn. The favors pretty
TITLES. There was an excellent attendance OF mem
bers Thu next meeting will be held on February j.
Mrs Edison Bradley. OF No. S02 Ffth-ave., has is
sued cards Or tea Saturday. January &c. to in
Receiving with her will be Miss Stokes. Miss Sout-
ter Miss Anna Peabody Miss Elouise Davis, Miss
Hard. Miss Mabel Lewis. Miss Marie Antoinette
Davis, Mrs Priscilla Barries. Miss Addie Person,
Miss Ketcham and Miss Celia Miles daughter Of
General Nelson A. Miles Mrs. Bradley will give
dinner on February ! TO those receiving with her
daughter.
Mrs. James ". Halves gave a reception last
was assisted In receiving by Miss Estelle Arnold
and Miss Florence Schenck Among the guests
were Mrs. Warner Miller Miss Miller, Mrs Fred
erick ID. Grant Mrs. Henry w. Bookstaver. Mrs.
j. Henry Dugro. Mrs. A. C. Bettner. Mr. and Mrs.
John w Nrooman. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Taintor.
Mrs. James Talcott. Miss Talcott. Mrs Mortimer
G. Addoms. Mrs. Julia A. Chase, Mrs Edward
i,auterbach Miss l.auterbach. Miss Leila Van
Wyck. Delano c. Calvin and Isaac Townsend
Smith.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
DIED.

B End r. ssq p.S S Of Henry
nn% ao OF New- Y York. l;u'' '''N -
BRADI.Er-At his residence Back Church. n J; g
2lst inst. John H.. Bradley In the ''th year OF ~
Funeral win be held at Grace Church o sr
dhTIssepher and Barclay sis via D.. L. and W. r. r.
at 10 D.
BRrNsMEADr- Suddenly at Washington ccnn. Jan
Fu aney a. rk Il s5y s4, Sns ii H.
uary a. Elizabeth Le1ere,t wife q Or. Arnold ," "
Can and daughter Of Mary r. and the late William
Funeral from st, Jamess Church Wednesday afternoos
23d inst. at 2:3O O'Clock.
CoRNELIon January u.s. at Hyeres France. Of consums
ton. Rose Bretheron wife OF Henry NJ Cornell
1856 Ann Johns Rowland widow iof John c: Cox
srs IsT 0nss her late btsasy January
Interment private.
DowEs-on Monday. January 81 1895. John Downs.
Relatives and friends invited attend the funeral
vices on Thursday morning at 10 o'clock at The centrs
coneregauoha Church In ''th-s''' near sth-ave'
FAlRCBILD-OD Monday, January 81, 1895. Hamlet u
Farehd in the 72e year Of his age, a.. WA. 90.
ST.. wednesday evening. January % O'clock.
% nrS Of a @ Of ss Are rst Sssisd .S to Z:
Company on "Wednesday evening January 23 at {
HENRY W. T MALL Colonel
Francis Henry and katherine .iern,ond Joy.
O'Clock at ia Amiiy-s'., Brooklyn.
MNALLY-At the Home for Inourabes. at Fordham. q
valued and devoted member II the household OF Nh
Funeral from s. Agness Church. 43d-st and LexInstoa
ave. on Thursday ~ 10 A. m
RrssELG-At lnwoodon Hudson. THURSDAY. January ~
late Charles Henry and Anna l.. Russell.
STEERS Hackensack. on. January % is9S NAT
Relatives ard friends Of the family respectfully In
vted attend the funeral from her late residence
corner Of Union and Ward SITS. ON Thursday. January
Trains leave foot Of chambers-st at I p.
STEVENS suddenly at castle Point. Hoboken. ~, ],
January y. Of heart failure. John Stevens. aged -
Years months.
SITS. Hoboken. Thursday January "a. at II a. m.
TAYLQR-on TUESDAY, January %. Elizabeth. eldes
Funeral services the residence law
James r. Davies ZIG Ienerson-ave Brooklyn. Thurs
Interment a. convenience Of family.
Friends kindly requested not TO send flowers.
Glst-st Gorilla Catharine Cooley ii Fredertcl
5. Thomson and daughter Of the late Ell 70. HelsS
services TRANSPORTATION Chapel s9,hst nsas
Chicago and San Francisco papers please copy.
Monday. January p. Susan wife of John wellA
Services at 19h-st Wednesday January o. a
Iniern,ent at convenience Il fanily
WHIrAKER-At No i27 Washngton-aye., scran,op
Penn. on sunday afternoon January 20 In the a9,h
year of her age Lucinda NJ widow OF James Whitaker.
WHITMAN Suddenly. on sunday January 10 Henry
EsrDond whitman. son OF Edmund ;. Whitman. in the
2sth year Of his age
ercession. l5sthst and Boulevard on Wednesday
In,erment Mount Auburn. Mass.
WiJiAMs-In Canandagua. y. Y, a, the residence q
has parents Saturday January ~. 1895 Edward
Gorhon eides, son Of Edward C. and Caroline r viii.
Jams. IN hi, 2lst year.
WILSON sgaae1iy at pl,lnnsa. n J.. on Monday Jan.
Morgan 5. Taylor and wife Of Edward Taylor Wilson.
View Terrace Sorth PAINTED T. j. On wednesds S:
January ~ a, O'clock p. M
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
TUO fHILD MUSICIANS.

Proper exceptions 10 the traditional rule for the
government OF children especially In the pubic
concert hall. are OF the rarest. and such reIaNa-
tons Of nursery discipline are generally followed
by the appea rance OF 50 many additional claimants
for the privilege of being heard rather than seen
n to bring tier own severe penalty. Since the
coming OF Jean Gerardy the infant class IN music
has been considerably in evidence. although II mas
exhibited nobody who could be put for an instant
In the same category with the young 'ccllist ipih
Frcda SmOnson and Juanito Manen are indeed
considerably younger than he but neither gives ev-
lience OF possessing such gifts or such prccocl'us
development as to warrant producing them before
the publicin other words they DO not display such
present power a. artists to make their concert
performances a real contribution 10 art or anything
much higher than matter Of curiosity. These young
performers gave a recital yesterday afternoon IN the
hall OF the Menlelssohn Glec tiub-a place far more
favorable for them than the large auditorium OF
Carnegie Hall. where their joint debut was mad"
the other evening. The It'll. Slmonson is consid-
erably nearer the stature " an artist than her
ana eyihitv Her sci"rt'o%s yesi.ray
made no great demand upon the intellect "i ~.
emotions. bu, they showed her 10 b" possessed -
fluent ana clear irchhlqH' am tone 81 'A,1..L'
quality though. naturally enough. small ana lack
fugue from Bachs "weii.Tcmpercd tiayichord.'
with Intelligence and real ap.yeclaiion 81 ih,r
Ruhinsien with much grace and archness. Schu-
berrs Hat imprompis aIpeaTeI to lie somewhat
a certain rather mOnOtonOIs rubatO "ncci IN her
playing Of such things that Is apparently on" Of her
chief expressions Of sentiment. ~ MAS mdictously
out OF place In Mendessohn's spinning song
which she gave IN addition to the published pro-
grammc.
Juanito Manen displayed MS bnmaiuriy most
nO,iccahy IN Bce'hoycn's Romance for violin ~
- with which he ls quite lucomp";ent 10 do any
thing. Smaller pieces ~ Bazz.H! AMI Nitnit~ski
nearer his grasp His play ng OF them Shove IL
considerable degr." Of Advancement 10 some 90,
the more difficult branches 90 violin technics. ani
a rather painful following out ~ Instructions az n
expression An UNDERSTANDING OF much moro
than the m"rest extcrnhls ~ music II dii not show
The children were assisted by Miss Caroline
Mir. who afflicted with nervousness that
In her singing she scarcely indicated what her real
powers may be- and Miss F.avc Van den Homie
'cellist who played Chopin's Introduction ana Polo
naisc with the liitle Simons0n. Though brilliant
TO the share Of the child IL was by no means
what an ens.mb!e performance shouL ".
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
4 NkwnArEy coyrGcrIoNEKr ErRyrn

New-iIayen. Jan - tSpeclaD.-A brisk fire kept
the local department busy this evening. At $50
O'Clock an alarm was rung In from the mandatory
~ Smith, Bradley ~ Ilakcslce. The department re-
spond'd promptly. They found the englne-room on
M frat floor ablaze and turned their hose on tho
names. but in fifteen minutes the fire WAS roaring
through the roof. The entire block consumed
aud only heroic efforts saved adjoining buildings
The burned block belonged To tn Messina Clark
estate and valued al $1,000 II was entire &C
cup,l by the extensive confectionery and cigar
manufacturing plant Of the Smith Bradley Biakes-
lee Company which Will lose about yp~o more as
the machinery. fixtures and stock were burned.
Both the building and its contents fully in
sgrcd. Water damaged considerably the thatflcid
Brick Company AMI the boarding house or j. H.
Smith. adjacent. to the extent Of 5000.
Edward Augustrom. employed ii the basement or
the burned bui.ding. was taken out overcome BY
smoke and removed 10 the hospital. lie VIII re
Two valuable horses were fatally burned be
fore they could be- removed from the barn IN the
Nearly 1900 people rushed 10 the scene. The
crush terrific Among the crowd were many
Yale students who enjoyed the occasion as they
would football rush. They showed their way right
and left and TWO were arrested. one resisted ana
dubbed into submission,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
THE BAyK EyAuIyER BLAMED.

pinrhamton. ~ Y. Jan. CA rumor gained ere
dence here this afternoon that Colonel George W.
Dunn. formerly clerk OF the Assembly will be APP
poiptel receiver OF the Merchants Bank which
closed it's doors yesterday The main topic oil CON
versoton to-day has been with regard To the action
~ Rank Examiner clark IN allowing the doors OF
the Merchants Bank to open yesterday morning,
thus allowing some OF the heavy depositors and
stockholders TO withdraw their funds. The papers
from the Superintendent of Banks at Albany
reached here Sunday afternoon and In them the
minor was Instructed not TO open the doors OF
The bank Monday at all This however was done.
and il IS understood that action VIII be instituted
AGAINST him to ascertain his right for disobeyinS
the orders OF the superintendent.
At the private bank OF Erastus Ross Sons there
was no sign OF life to-day. the offices seeming to be
empty. il is understood that the amount In this
institution owing to depositors aggregates nearly
800 OlO There appears to be a shortage OF a little
over $50 900 There 10 run at any of the other
banks to-day. the only change from the ordinary
run of business being observed in the increased
number OF new deposits.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
PostOfiice Notice.

%o FOR the ,S s"ns 5sn .sSw 20 wi" close
wEbNEsDAy-A m Tor Europe. per Bri, I, q;
ME VIA at a. M s ssyans VIA
curieao per Fhalephe e'te5s 70, SSher part. q
H. fol mus, m rteI rer Wsesand'1; a, D. m for
for Tampcc and Pr3greso must be directed per Guy
du pr ia ecs or smeaeds Puerto
Cortea.and Guatemala must be directed per Jamaica
rernambaco, Bahia R9 Jarero and santos detsrs 70,
Nerh cI BAIL p1 and Ia Plata countries must De '''e'e'
sya n" f.: Grena Sr va arnSaa a an$
Curacao Maracaibo, VIA curacao ard Maracaleo
at M for La Plata countries direct per
m Cara at Gn2anRa nor and Hr csa s d R for other pa
Of nra4 must be directed .pe lear cesrenss rvc,r
4 10, r ss55 f: inland ran
land. I,ay spain. Portugal: Turkey AMI British India.
PER Pr Europe "a must re directed per La ouSsne At
yor i R h anSo %nl Santos SorS bra.
and la Plata counties be tlrec.ed per Bsoya1i
I.%as ssnaq ger s As"s 70, as ss:!.
r o'S Sia Y Y"en mus dirsced per 1880
M fer Sp LETTERS for oer MSsiean States and caSs
mus, be directed per Segurancal; at io;so a m tor
n e.,qrs '% ap Ssaer ' parts ~ trinidad
british and pnch M for Norway dlrsc per y Thing
2an de,ters be directed per rhGsyaia, a, II
dam e 1Gp SINUS must drec'e per Eda@ At m for
:
nust no directed per AnchOria'l, ~ p m for -
pa rn,nries direct per :. Delcomyn. at p m Tor
.n,o,,o and SaXanlla per kafr Prince uetters for
h"~ ,aris of colombia. Via Savanlla and tarthagena.
m., ~ Sirected per Kafir PrinceD AT $50 p. n.
80 :, Pierre Miaue.on, per steamer from Halifax.
Natis Tor the Society Islands per ship city ~ Papeiu
rr,ncsco. close here daily January *
a, aso p D. m Mails for China and Japan. Peru
-, ErancscoD. close here daily January ~
AZ gao p m Mails FOR china and Japan specially ad
sross.J nnlyC pei Empress of Japan from Van
oourrr close daily 70 January '2s at $50 m.
Nh Tor CHINA Japan especially addressed only
sLh from Tacoma close here daily ND 10 January
so, , Il M D. m Mails for Australia except those for
VS., Australia which forwarded via Europe) New
iceland Hawaii, Fiji and samoan Islands, per s. A.
.,ameJa from FrancscoI. close here daily up 10
I,ahrary 20 at D. arrival New York OF
Camnania British malls FOR Australian. Mails
~, Australia ,except West Australian. Hawaii and Fiji
Islands per WarrmOO from Vancouver, close here
daily after February and to February a $50 o.
m Mails Hawaii per Australia from San Fran.
ciscoJ close daily up February 10 at $50 m
Malls for Newfoundland. by rail Halifax, and thence
by steamer close this Office daily 80 d m Mails
for Mquelon by rail- 10 Boston and thence by steamer
close Of this Office daily $50 p m Mails for Cahc
close at this office daily at $50 M for Forwarding b
sailing Mondays. Thursdays and SaturdayO from
Port Tampa Fla. Mails for Mexico. overland, unless
specially addressed for dispatch By close ct ths
office daily at 3 a.
Registered mail closes p. previous day.
CHARLES W. DAYTON, Postmaster.
Posofhce. New-york n. Y. Jan. rs 1895
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
NIX. SERrISS CASTS 4 HOROSCOPE.

Garrett T.. Serviss les, night forsook real science
and betoJk himself 10 Il pretended science. He de
livered entertaining lecture at 81. james Hall
on "Astrology." He told something o: It's history
and showed portraits OF several celebrated asrolO
gers. Afterward he talked OF planets and signs Of
the Zodiac and houses OF the heavens and con
functions and oppOsitiOns and made his audience
understand much about horoscopes "A posi-
Bile In tie time and with the means at hand He
cast a horoscope for O'Clock last night. and tried
20 tell what. according to astrological principles,
would be the fate Of "A chilli born at that hour.
According to Mr. Serviss. the poor child has not
much look forward TO. He will have pretty
bad luck generally. viii he subject rheumatism.
VIII be spendthrft and will die poor Venus is
the only planet his side. and about all the en-
enlargement held out To him is that he VIII be for
tunate in forming partnerships, and will marry
early and happily 1t should be added. however.
for the consolation Of any child born at oc,ock
last night who may he alarmed at predictions that
Mr. Srfvss admitted that the horoscope. being once
cast two asirologers would interpret II alike.
Mr. Scrviss's programme OF lectures for the rest
OF the week Is follows This morning 1T II
O'Clock The Alps; this evening. "A Journey TO
the Planets: tomorrow IL a. m. "Astrology"
$50 D. m. Among the Stars Friday. $50 p. m,
"a Journey To the Planets. saturday. 2:30 D.
1.-THE Alps: p. IN, "Astrology.'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-01-23
SELECTIONS FROM THE MAIL.

DEFECTS IN THE GRANT MONUMENT.
VISITOR CALLS GENERAL PoRTERs ATTEN-
TIoN TO CRACKS ~ THE STONE.
To the Editor of TIE Tribune.
sIr: There was surprising statement in The
tribune recently attributed 10 General Horace
Porter. In effect denying that there any defects
In the stone which has been built into the Grant
mohument-surprsing. because 1t ought to be as
suined that General Porter knows the character
or the stone that has been used. while 1t is i'm
possible to suppose that If he did know he could
authorize such a statement to be made. Any per-
son possessed OF ordinary eyesight who Will take
the trouble TO walk around the structure will
ma at least three stones in the first course of
vertical blocks the north side having cracks
from to inches long. running back into the
fac2 far enough insure the throwing off of
scales by the action of water and frost at no
very remote day and in of the base blocks
upon which this vertical course Is laid the
same side of the structure he will find diagonal
crack IN the rounded edge at the west end or the
block. whio already about half separates piece
whch wouiG weigh perhaps pound. and would
De > TO inches long
IL is surprising that General Porter should be-
Ignorant OF such obvious facts regarding work
when ne is well paid for experimenting and 1t
statement as Is now attributed to him, after his
attention has been called to the matter. without
acquainting himself with the facts
III course, the presumption would be very strong
that with an iron-bound contract TO protect them
against the acceptance of defective stone such
blocks would have been rejected by the monument
count against facts and General Porter can
the facts any day for himself and anybody
what kind OF management they point 10.
New-fork. Jan. II, 1850.