Frederick citizen., 1895-02-22
tPreparo1 Weekly TOR the Citizen.l

different standpoints, are viewed to-
gether through two lenses, which COM
bine the pictures into n single image,
giving the impression of sOlidity or re-
lief. For the same purpose Duros du
Hauron, Frenchman, has devised
what he calls the dadgLyph. The two
photographs are similarly slightly diff
ferent but, instead of being mounted
side by side, they are printed one over
the other, one in red and the other in
blue. The result is "A confused blur,
which, on being viewed through y
pair of spectacles containing blue and
. red glass, bee Imes IA perfect picture
in black, every feature of which stands
out in blld relief. The second process
Is the somewhat different one of An
derton, of London, who employed po-
lariz-d light instead of colDrs. Tuis
tight passes through certain crystals
only when they are turned at a certain
angle, and when two crystals turned
at different angles are used as specta-
cles, the two pictures each thrown on
q screen by the kind of light that will
pass through ouly one of the crystals,
are seen AS single one in solid relief.
The phenomena of history, says Mr..
J. w. Powell, in Science, are studied
from five great classes OF records, which
may be called the Stone Book, the
Rum Book, the Tomb Book, the
Folk Book, and the Scripture Book.
From these scources are derived the
materials to be used in discovering and
formulating the developemeut of the
industries, pleasures, languages, ibsli-
tutions and opinions Of mankind. The
Oldest of these, the Stone Book, or ge-
ologic record, Ofirs but meagre tale,
but lis postscript devoted To mankind
contains facts of profound Interest.
Strasburger, an authority on vegetable
biology, fluids Transportation 10 have
much effect on the size aud shape of
plant leaves, aud deduces the general
law, that the more sunlight and the
drier the atmosphere the thicker and
smalle the leaves will be.
Seasickness is usually believed to be
due 10 an influence upon tn circula-
tiOn in the brain produced by the os-
cillatlon of the ship, but this theory, al
though accounting for the gastric synIp-
toms, dues not explain all cases. Symp-
toms of the mar.dy are reported by Ru-
benstein 10 have been often noticed
In some persons when the sea was calm
and the vessel steady. These eases are
attributed TO irritation of the retina by
reflection of the sunshine from the
water, the irritation being transmitted
to the brain provoking the well known
symptoms. The trouble has been avoid
Ell by turning the back to the sun.
The symptoms of seasickness have
been experienced also in snow fields
and on desert sands, gray or blue spec
tacles being the means by which relief
is afforded.
That the separate sexes Of flowers is
mere question of nutrition, Ms first
suggested by AN American butanist
some twenty years ago, is now the ac-
copied doctrine of bOlanists, according
to The HadependeW. 1t appears that
whether u flower is finally male or fe-
male depends on the amount of nutri
tlon available, or the young germ Is
capable OF asslmilating, at or about the
period of fecundatluu. Female flowers
form only when the highest nutritIve
powers exist; male flow ers, only when
the nutrltive conditions are the least
favorable. A young feltiliZed germ
may, therefore, become male or female,
according to circumstances Even So
highly differentiated male product as
the aInent, or calkIn is found to have
female organs among the males when
the nutritlve conditions are favorable;
and II has been recently noted in Am
erica that flowers OF both sexes have
been found in catkins of poplar,
while AL English observer records the
same occurrence in the catkins of the
common hazel. Similar phenomena are
well known in Indian corn, where
grain Is not uncommon among the
male flowers forming the "tassel."
In C@sar's time the auroch, or Euro
peaD bison, existed in great numbers
throughout Central Europe, but IN
1872 the species had been redcued to "A
herd OF 528, confined to one forest uu-
der RUSSIAN protection. DIR. Radde, a
late traveller on the eastern shore of the
Black Sea, estimates that tins herd has
now dwindled To 80 or 60, and furesees
that the animal, the largest of existing
European quadrupeds, Will become ex-
tinct within fifty years. All attempts
at domesticatiOn have resulted in fail
ure.
The iLodern conception Of the uni
veree Itself is based on the molecule.
This is the smallest mass iuto which
substance ls capable of being subdlvid-
Ell without changing its chemical ua-
ture; but in compounds the molecule
itself is divisible into the ultimate par
ticles-known as atOms-of the constlt-
uent elements. Every material body
consists of these molecules, separated
often 10y distances that are vast IN COM
parisou with their own magnitudes,
aud endowed with rapid aud ceaseless
motion. Mol, cules must ever remain
invisible, il--as Sir William Thomson
u quarter of II century ago
their sizes are limited between 1-25O,-
GOV, OOO and 1-5O0, ,0O0, 900 of an inch.
Ruled lines somewhat closer than /.
1O0, 100 of al inch have been resolved
under the microscope, but much more
is not to be expected, as the difficulties
with high powers increase ~ much
greater degree than the minuteness of
The objects seen. The motion of mole
cules in gases il uncontined and easily
but in liquids--not to
solids-the PARTICLES are held
together by the power of cohesion, aud
appear inert. Yet the motion Of fluid