davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1895-11-09
MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE
Philadeiphis, are Both In
Sight of tho Rope.

Phiiadeiphis, are ISoth In
Sight of tho Rope,
Theodore Durrant, Of San Francisco.
assistant superintendent Of Emanuel
Baptist church. was Saturday last con-
victed Of the murder OF Blanche Lamont,
for which he has been on trial since July
-. The jury was out 30 minutes and
arrived at the verdict on the first ballot.
mercy the punishment was fixed at death.
II was exactly IL minutes from the
time the jury left the courtroom to the
time the verdict was announced, but
that time was not all taken up in de-
liberation. In fact there was DO de-
liberation at all. The jury had evident
ly decided on q verdict before they left
the 5ox IL was 1884 when they filed
out Of the courtroom into the grand Jury
room. which had been placed at their
disposal. 1t took them L. minutes until
$3.50 O'Clock before they settled them
selves comfortably, and at 3:55 knock
on .he door announced 20 the anxious
walters that a verdict had been found.
1t took just five minutes OF actual time
TO elect a foreman and take the one bal
lot necessary.
Henry II. Holmes, of Philadelphia,
was convicted of murder in the first
degree at s:5l o'clock Saturday. for kill
ling Benjamin F. Pietzel. He coughed
slightly when he heard the words. That
was the only sign. The jury retired to
deliberate at $40 o'clock In the after
noon. According to one Of their num-
Der, they had reached their verdict be-
fore the doors OF their room closed upon
them. For hunger's sake they ate their
supper first. Then they took ballot
and without hesitation every man Of the
twelve answered guilty Of murder In
the first degree"
When the verdict was announced. the
guilty wretch never flincbed.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1895-11-09
Poor Report.
L'ANsE. Mich. Nov.

L'ANsE. Mich, Nov. 6, 1895.
Hon. Board Of Supervisors Of Baraga
County:
Gentlemen:
The following is correct list Of poor
orders drawn by me for the month Of
0cfohar 1GQh.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17
Z
The Woodmen Ce1sbration.

Next Friday night about one
hundred candidates VIII be initia..
ted into the mysteries of WOO? ::
craft. We underestimate hat there
will be regular amp. ou thfntl +
choppers, skidders: h:tn! !ers, ,driv:-
ers and sawyers. Asbig time is
expected and numerous visiting
delegations from alE over the
State will be present and partici-
pate in the ceremonies The
Modern Wood1nen Of America is
we understand next tie largest
fraternal insurance. society in
United States, the 40. u. w.
being the largest. The citizens
of Willmar should feel interested
in this matter, and come out to
participate in the open meeting
at the rink. Both sexes and all
citizens are cordially invited.
Eminent speakers, leading mem
bers Of the Order; viii be present
and deliver addresses. : We wan,
to welcome those strangers cor
daily. and send them away al
over the State with their minds
filed with the beauty, grandeur
and future glorious prospects o:
Willmar. Let us all help to d'
that. =: u 5:=. F. 3.:: 3..:.>
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

AS noticed elsewhere the Har-
vest Home Festival under: the
auspices, and for the benei of
the Methodist Episcopal church
will be held next week. The
committee on arrangement wish
es US to state that anything,
whether it be -four, vegetables
or any thing else. will be thank
fully received. The Methodist
society is. struggling hard to
build up their church, and it de-
serves a helping hand from every
body that can spare something
from natures bounty. Contri.
butte a littleas you feel able,
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17
Teachers Meeting.

y : EE5Ef St.5 ~
The .Kandiyohi Co. Teachers
Ass ociation will meet at the Will:
mar High School budding, Sept:
EN- ber 28th, at one o'clock p. M.
The following program has been
prepared: .5. s5.s32=.>. .z..c:s.5 c: G:
1st: Vocal Solo. zilpha vii.
liams. z=a "a. s !. Ii 49,. s.:.
End. Report OF Committee on
/. organization. .... u &. ]. S..
Bird. What can be done to en-,
courage the spirit Of Frater-
nifty, II. Lndgren. .:
4th. Thearise and fill Of parties
the United States 40. Fors-
5th. Herbartian 3. S. Go.
veil.
9Th. r Recita ation, Susie w Wilcox.
|7th The Eeae '1nc scious
Influence h1s pupils, Anna
. M Manus. .=55
i8th. clinical Grammar yer.
sus Ianguage Lessons, George
Eddy
9th Questio olls.
CHR1sT1IlNE HENDERSON,
fsecret
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

Many other bargains IN Dress Goods depart
ments. Winter Flannels in all styles and
colors to be sold at the same cut prices.
Ladies' heeced underwear cheap at soc.
this cut price sale 35c or 3pieces for S 1 i.
: Yours to please, ..s
~ - :=.< MOE & LEDELL.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

Mrs. John Gordhamer, of Nor
way Lake, was taken severely ill
last Sunday. DR.. Johuso2, who
was called to attend her, says that
she will recover. -
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

Editor Birch and wife of the
Argus and G. E. Johnson of the
Gazette will participate in the
Newspaper Mems, excursion to
Atlanta, Georgia.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

A. N. Lewis will build a large
business block on the corner op-
posite the Kandiyohi Co. Bank
in the near future. tits evident
that Willmar now will enjoy a
good healthy building boom.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

The meeting of the District
Epworth League, the program of
which was published last week,
began at Litchtield to-day to con-
tinue to. morrow and Thursday.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

The Vinje gregation drove.
out in q body last Sunday to the.
home Of e. @. =Axness IL Town Of
Dovre, and took full possession Of
the house while Mr.. Axness was
attending the services sc the.
Solomo Lake church. The peo-
pie present numb bered over one
hund Tables were impro-
vised and every ything was ii
readiness for q feast when Mr..
Axness arrived He was off
course delightf fully SUI rprised ct
this manife ion of the. esteem
he is held in BY the church r.
AxnessS has long held the posi-.
sition of 'kirk ke-sange in the
church and twas il ii appreeiia attiion ion
u ofhis services as such that this
lsurprise had been arranged, MI,
Axness was present. Cd with I
/ fur and his wife y with 5ahand
4 some shawl who attenlel
Ifeport q pleasant time 81 q
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

A. H. Soldering has removed
his tailoring establishment to the
room under the Bank of w Willmar.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

The electric company has com
menced work in earnest on the
plant. A brick addition 81 x 26
feet is being built to the power
house to accommodate the engine
and dynamo. The poles are be-
ing distributed around town.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

Martin G. Tollefson was mar
ried to Ingeborg Anna Arneson
on the 10Th inst by Clerk Of Court
Ramsett. The TRIBUNE extends
it's best wishes, at the same time
as it wishes to remind Mr.. Toilet
son of that there are smokers on
it's office force.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

The three newspapers at viii.
mar were all represented at. the
Fair on Newspaper Day.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17
DRESS GOODS DEPT.

Anexensve and elegant line everything that
novel in the domain Of fabrics will greet you
vited close correct buyers array
Prices than awaits you here.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

3EF| - F.E~ I -, .--
The cases against the strikers
in the United States Court have
resulted as follows; Archie Bo-
CART and George !Carruthers,
found guilty and fined $100 each;
Hutchins and Blackburn, acquit-
ted; Bonde, plead guilty and was
fined $40; John Olson and OHara,
jury disagreed, bound over tC
March term. The district at
torney afterwards let Olson off
The proceedings against these
men ON the whole were farcical
and the story of the trial woulG
make an interesting article in {
future issue of the TRIBUNE.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

The rumor that. the railroad
men involved in the strike trouble
were discharged in not true, we
are pleased to say, and hope they
wont be. The Great Northern
can afford to be generous to
these men. They acted as repre-:
sentatives Of their class simply,
as ina certain sense the execu:
tives of all the railroad men, and
while from their position as lead.
ers they took an active part, they
should not be made to suffer fol
standin true to their fellow men
even if they did technically trans
gress the law. Let equity anG
right rule and not too 'mucl
severity: :.:... .- :..s.==.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

DIR. Gibson is kept on the move
day and night, looking after the
sick ones. He has been appoint
ed health officer for the township
of Kandiyohi this week, their
being several cases of diphtheria
there to look after.-Atwater
Press.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

Marriage licenses have been
issued as follows:
Sept. 13th-John E. Iverson
and Nettie Datheiie Wigg. 1ver-
son is from Stearns CO. and bride
from Norway Lake.
Sept. 16th-John Steinset and
Anna Zielstorf, both Of Town OF
Edwards. .-.--,---. .----. .
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17

MIGHTY DISPLAY and h
h in ka cweHhs sin
NeayaHdo warngap rel hal tte sasnsca gedemans
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17
Reasons for Our Success: (:

And not day but what told of by keen level
simple matter of fact thing that has been
We keep modern growing clothing store. -<~
We search the four of the world with untng energy
We believe in big business and great big sales rather than
We business and continually extend broade
We have the pubcs confidence and by true merit
We believe broad liberal business policy both for help
We buy and sell for cash cheap any house in America
These Of the think that helped to
hope this open declaration will be benefit hundreds that
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-09-17
CLOAK Department.
The New Canes and Jackets .

We wish toemphasze the fact that show line of Ladies'
Cpes and Jackets for Fall and Winter of 49, that quantity and
variety reasonabeness
Every creation of the worlds fashion makers
shown here prices that predict the most phenomenal Cloak trade
we have ever had. Weinvite inspection. -
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

Saturday night about IL O'Clock as
Northbound freight train reached
Macon, OH the Seaboard Air Line, be-
tween this place and Weldon, a fatal
accident occurred, resulting in the
killing of the fireman, Lewis Hinton,
colored, and wrecking of five cars. Be-
tween Warren Plains and Macon Is
heavy grade. The train was very
long and heavily loaded one and was
going at lively rate of speed. The
engine and a number of cars broke
loose from the remainder OF the train,
a fact which was not discovered by the
engineer or any of the crew on the de-
tached section.
At Macon the engineer stopped for
water, and seeing the lights burning
on the caboose behind did not suspect
ANYTHING was wrong. The fireman
crawled back over the tender to adjust
the pipe that connects the water tank
with the engine, and was standing on
the rear at the time. There was a
terrible crash, the man was thrown
across the track, cars were piled upon
top of each other and several jammeo
their way into the warehouse, splinter
ing things to flinders. Both Of Hin
tons legs were cut off and he died in
short while thereafter. His body wa'
taken to Raleigh, where he lived, Sun
day morning. The wreckage wa
cleared away as speedily as possible
and trains moved on time as if nothln:
had happened. 1t was bad acciden
but one of those kind liable to happe'
at almost any time and for which NJ
one is to blame.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16
THEY'VE Got Meat.

When hog killing time was over last
winter our friend Mr.. John A. Elem
ing took note of the number OF pounds
of meat put up by his near neighbors,
in the Middleburg section. He mis-
laid the memorandum, however, and it
was only recently that he came across
it. Mr.. Fleming is too full OF local
pride and too good friend to the news
paper man. though, to withhold an item
of this kind simply because he could
not hand it in while fresh; and not to
be outdone in the matter of giving his
locality credit for raising its ''hog and
hominy" the figures are now l'''lishcd:
Z. I. Turner, 1850 pounds; &. G..
Eserton, 1900; John jenkins, Sr.,
100; John r. Fleming, 1900; r. A.
Paschall, LOO; T. F. Virgins, l, 463;
G. NJ. Fleming, $50; &. j. Fleming,
1000. These gentleman live within
one mile and half of Mr.. Fleming,
who himself killed 10 hogs weighing
1896 pounds. That is a pretty good
record for one neishborhood, and shows
what character of citizenship it is com
posed of. But the people of that
whole section of country are noted fo'
their honesty, industry and trusallty.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

... ...t .,dvertisements to be p d tnr tn
I'M nd under. must be paiu loi ~
n,.. msi I'd. % .dv,rtising for shorter tline
,@ ,r months is eon nhaTfS ouarserly
LI-. ne .,,'ertisrInents published Tor
f"' ,.r.oi Of time. ~ ou,ono
tDl-'i r,,,..rt sem ents. to appear aiming
Local 81" 49, ,yiII be charged 10 cents per
r'.rl.I'- ',I'.. t,il,.rtfnn and cents per hhe
i."' ',. ,-..r- on thereafter.
f.. +.,ri f.,ri.rrnents, such as admins
i.'I". ..,'I ,.x.cutprs notices, com InlsSi ION
tra'.i ',,..',.-..,.s' sales, summons 10 non
81 ann g., will be charged for at rates
5 H.. . sr"pt when tn n, c esc wee re.
coz. II I'M 10 fix our own Prlce. ~
-'-'-' ..' - Tuusr bc PAID FOR IN AZ
SOL ~ M. CON, ,nsation Is small anu
- b. l,n,,,i To- takc risks or walt the
~. IF urrsnus !" pay ~ ,.,.s,,act
ft' 49, notices resolutions OF respect,
, III h. cirarsed for at the rate "1 ony
-. =, word aud the cash mus, s'fanhl and
"'i' " ,I.rril,t In cases where II lehus anu anu
"i th paper are no 1n
I..' No. rticIrs not exceeding that In
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

K1rrRELL, N. c., May 18th, '95.
EDITOR GOLD LEAF:-The Confederate
graves we're decorated on the 18th at
y m. by the ladies OF the place. Several
baskets of handsome flowers were sent
from other places. -,
Capt. b. A. Capehart had been invited
TO deliver the address. He chose as the
subject of the address a Confederate
officer who went out to the war from
here and fell at Winchester. This sur
nrised as much as it gratified the sur
yiving members OF the family, who were
in ignorance of his kind Intentions al
most to the last.
The Captain bore a commission in the
Confederate army and belongs to that
dwindlng band OF patriots who were
true to the cause then and are true to Its
memories now.
Both the Methodist ministers OF the
place would have been present and taken
part but for engagements elsewhere. Inc
Rev. Mr.. Avirett offered prayer, and al
forwards, being specially requested, spoke
impressively of the Confederate soldier IN
general and our duty to him dead ana
living.
Among the Confederate veterans pres
| emf was Mr.. c. A. Powell, of the 43rd
| MISSISSIPPI, NLo sd" Hei ~ r., =,
and widely sunderei fields, at Corinth,,
Inka, Vicksburg, Atlanta, and all
through Johnston's forlorn retreat and
final overthrow.
Mr.. George Merritt, of the 44th \; u
kindly exhibited some war relics which
were curiously and reverently viewed by
all present. These were nothing less
than the old Confederate cap he wore
when he followed Lee, the haversack IN
which he carried his corn bread ratlons,
the 800 bill paid him for his last Sly
months service. and theiounce OF Fedora
lead which piercd his shoulder, Destroy
ing forever the use of his right arm.
Four OF the Merritt brothers went tt
the front. George alone came back. III
few hands was the Confederate muske'
more effective than in his. Those Wht
know say that he had in full measnr
that splendid courage which has mao
the men in Gray patterns OF soidlershil
for all time to come. He was one OF Una
immortal band who extracted from III
tie else than corn-bread and often no
much of that, q dash and enduranc
, such as the world has rarely seen lie
!, lis not fail to honor such men before IL
too late. Mr.. Aivrett we'll said 1t wa
!, the North Carolina private that mao
; Branch and Pender and pettigrew An
5 that it was Branch and Fender an
Petticrew that made Jackson and Jaci
son made Lee.
: O. ". BLACKSALL.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16
Short Talks On Advertising.

[Copyright by Charles Austin Bates
The chances are that a one-time
advertisement. or very small adver-
tisement, will not pay. 1t is only con-
iinuous, persistent effort, and effort
that is strong enough to make an I'M
preston that will be found adequately
profitable.
Once in a while the one-time adver-
tisemcnt on a special occasion will
q hundred. unless the advertiser has
been fairly well advertised in the COM
munity Lefore.
If the pier of bridge is to be built
in the middle of a river, the builders
commence by sinking stones for the
foundation. Ifthey dropped the first
stone and quit because they could not
see it, the pier would never be built.
If they dropped dozen stones, one
on top OF the other, and quit because
the pile was not big enough to stick
out of the water. they would lose their
| time and their stones.
But if they 60 on, put in good solid
foundation and build up from that they
will in time raise pier that will be
strong and permanent, and that will
hold up a useful and necessary bridge
1t is Just so with advertising. The
first ads. you drop in only serve as {
foundation-they do not serve as any
thing if you do not drop in enough o
them-but if you keep on piling one OF
top of the other, in the end you will
have a pier which will sustain thu
bridge of business all the rest of you
life.
The Mater Of competitor will vast
away some Of the stones, and they Wi
have to be replaced, but once the pie
is built the repairs will not be very eS
pensive,
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16
Cleveland and Democracy.

HENDERSON, n. C., May 11th. 1895.
EDITOR GOLD LEAF.-With no snnll
degree of anxiety have | been looking
for some one or more of our prominent
men or editors to speak out plainly.
voicing the political sentiment OF the
honest yeomanry of our State.
Such silence is intolerable to every
lover OF civil liberty. If Mr.. Cleveland'-
administration is a Democratic Admin
istration, for one have misunderstood
Democracy all my life. In other States,
and might say in North Carolina e.
pecially the people have plainly said it is
not in accordance with their ideas OF
Democracy.
1t is painful to see the leaders of pub
lie opinion so slow to express themselves
on the policy, particularly the financial
policy, of the administration. 1t does
seem to me that it is the duty of all
such to plainly speak out in approval of
the right and in condemnation of the
wrong.
know that self interest goes long
way in forming and expressing onr-
opinions Bread and butter is strong
argument with Mr.. Clevelands ap-
pointees Ct mean the honors and emolu-
ments of otfice), but Mr.. Cleveland and
his office-holders should remember that
! our bloOd-bought liberty and indepen-
dence was achieved for the benefit of all
| the people from President down to the
| humblest citizen.
| The Democracy, for defending the
rights OF property in the South, lost con-
troll of the Government some thirty years
| ago, and the so-called Republican party
succeeded in the control and management
| of Governmental affairs. Aud in cons"-
| quence of the indomitible pI.l IN I" !
ergy OF the American people, together
with the almost fabulous resources OF
the country it took that party thirty
years to ruin US.
Then the honest yeomanry of the
country rose in their might and relc
gated it to hopeless minority. The
Democratic party then for the first time
in thirty years, gained control OF tn.
Government in oil its branches.
Now | ask, what is the cause OF thi:
wrangling in the Democratic party to
day? Whole States are slOughing of
and worshiping at the shrine OF an un
known god.
l wish some wiser and better MAJ
would answer. Is it not wholly charge
able to Mr.. Cleveland's utter failure ant
persistent refusal to carry out the Dem
ocratic principles upon which he was
elected? Nor would his unfaithful cours
have had so direful an effect on the party
had he been rightly repudiated lon
since by the leading Democrats OF tn
country. Such course even now is tn
only hope OF perpetuating the Demo
cratic party. hope it is not yet too
late. J. +. II.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

The editor is indebted to Misses Net
tie Allen and Celestia Gill, OF Vance
county, for an invitation to attend the
Commencement Exercises of the State
Normal and Industrial School, Green's
boro, May 22nd and 23rd. We assure
the young ladies that it would give US
great pleasure to be present on an oc-
casion which promises to be such an
interesting event. Wednesday at II
a. m. Hon. Carroll D. Wright will de-
liver an address on Avenues of Self
Support and Usefulness Open to Wo-
men" At s:l5 p. M, essays by the
graduating class. Sermon by Rev. j..
II. Bond, D. D. Thursday IL a. M,
address bv DR.. Nicholas Murray But
Ter, on 1.-The Teaching Profession and
tho People, Awarding Diplomas;
Presentation of Constitution by Chief
Justice W. T. Faircloth, Presentation
of Bibles by Rev. J. w. Carter, u. u.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16
1t Did the Business.

Mr.. J. H. Cobb, publisher of the Mirror,
at Brockton, n. Y, says: -" For nearly two
years the Mirror has been publishing the
A few days ago the writer was suffering
from bowel trouble and resorted to an
old remedy hwich did not prove eff 'acons +;
finally he tried Chamberlain's Collie, Cholera
and Diarrhea Remedy and two doses did
the business, checking it completely" For
sale by Melville Dorsey, druggist.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

The two best ways to lose trade is
to stop advertising, and let your stock
run down. Signs on trees and standing
in your store door and advertising by
word of mouth won't do. Your local
newspaper is read by the family who
take it and then loaned out all over
the neighborhood. Advertise in the
papers that circulate where your irrde
comes from, or from whence you wish
trade to constellation Courier.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16
TO HORSE OWNERS.

For putting hu4se in fine healthy con-
dition try Dr. Cady's Condition Powders.
They tone up the system, aid digestion, cure
loss of appetite, relieve constipation, correct
kidney disorders and destroy worms, giving
new life to an old or over-worSc1 horse. %
cents per package. For sale by druggists
Sold in Henderson by NJ. Dorsey. diuggi-' D..
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

The Henderson Sheet Metal Works. X.
p. Hayes, Manager, keep an assortment
OF tin plate, sheet iron, solder. zine, cop
per, &C., and will be glad to have YOU
call when in need Of anything in our line.
Barnes Building, opposite Old Side-ilght
warehouse
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

Large line of beautiful straw mating
All the different patterns. Prices aston
ishingly low for the class Of goods.
s. & G.. WATKINS.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

Chamberlain Eye and Skin Ointment
Is unequalled for Eczema, letter, Sal
Rheum, Scald Head, Sore Nipples, Chapp-c
Hands, Itching Piles, Burns, Frost Bites,
Chronic Sore Eyes and Granulated Eye Lids.
For sale by druggists at Is cents per box.
The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1895-05-16

IT ONLY costs ten dollars in Raleigh
to beat your wife. In some sections
nothing short OF lynching will pay the
penalty Mt. Airy Meas.