The Columbus journal., 1895-01-16

the year before planting and kept
clean. Fall plowing is best in pre-
parlng the ground. Warfield retains
Its hold on popular favor, with Beder
Wood as fertilizer. Several growers
spoke highly of Michels Early as fer
tilizer. others said it was not produc-
tive enough.
c. G. Patten of Charles City told of a
row of plum trees in a garden where
they We're well cultivated throughout
the season. These inatured full
crop of fine fruit in spite of the ex-
treme drouth, while in another row
cultivated only once, the crop was
much inferior and nearly all dried up.
q. A. WINS of Iowa Falls urged the
value of frequent renewal of bearing
canes of grape vines. Canes should
be cut out at four years old and re-
placed by young canes from the root.
This makes winter protection much
easier than with old stiff canes.
BY this method of pruning and
by laying down and covering
vines with earth for winter
protection. he has had good success in
raising several of the Rogers hybrids,
especially Gaertner No. IA, Barry No.
43 and Agawam No. Is. All of these
are of choice quality; the vines must
be planted intermingled in winery and
with other varieties such as Worden
and Concord to insure proper fertiliza-
ton.
For the main crop for market the re-
ports showed that Worden, Moore's
Early and Concord are still most in
favor GAINESVILLE has many friends as
very hardy variety that will bear
without winter projections; some con-
denim it on account OF. poor quality,
but it is good for culinary use and
fairly good for eating out of hand
when fully ripe.
All the discussions and reports
showed the necessity of very fire.
quent cultivation in seasons of drouth.
In many cases this cultivation makes
the difference between a good crop
and total failure.
Winter protection of small fruits
was also strongly insisted upon.
Raspberries and blackberries should
be laid down earlier than is
usually supposed. Mr.. Wells had
laid them down early in October
after growth stops and after the first
two or three frosts. The canes at this
time are much more pliable. A spade
full of earth should be removed on the
north side if plants are in north and
south rows, the canes bent over to the
ground and covered entirely with
earth. They should be bent in the
be bent much. Ancient Briton black
berry is best, as It is much easier laid
down than Snyder. The Older black
cap raspberry was highly recommend
ed, although some complained of its
weakness of cane. Shaffer's Colossal,
although suffering in dry seasons, is
still considered profitable variety.
d. J. Purdy, after travelling over
many parts Of the west, urged that not
enough trees are being planted to sup
ply the coming demand for apples.
Fruit in abundance is essential to
health. We must have more fruit or
more doctors.
NH. Nick erson of Nora Springs, in a
paper on Orcharding recommended
Duchess of Oldenburg, Wealthy,
Hibernal, Whitney, Tetofsky, Me-
linda. The discussion added Long
field, Anisim, Pattenis Greening and
several others.
1.-THE cheapest way to obtain an
evergreen windbreak" was discussed
by C. E. Gardner of Usage. This way
is to get two-year nursery grown seed
lings and grow them in beds four feet
wide with raised edges so as to permit
perfect drainage; plant ten to fifteen
trees in a row across the bed and
rows eighteen inches apart. Set plants
with a dibble. Don't water, but hoe them
very often. Scotch pine makes the most
rapid growth. When two to three feet
in height remove to permanent posi-
ton, taking care not to expose the
roots to the air and sun. A very few
minutes exposure of roots to wind and
sun is often enough to kill an ever
green. The sapis resinous and once
dried no amount of soaking will restore
it to the normal condition.
In paper on The Future of Our