davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-11-13
For the Florida A9r1cuIturist.
v Why2 Why7 Why7

Why attempt to stultify the record, as
many writer's for the press persist in
doing, for the purpose of inducing people
who may be able or unable to make one
more spasmodic effort to restore their
frozen orange groves, or set out new
ones;and this, too, in the face of three
knock outs since November 1886? In
1868 there was disastrous freeze in
Florida, which set orange groves back q
lozen years.
We refer to last winters two destruc-
tive freezes as blessings in disguise-ob-
iect lessons as it were-and eXultingly
boast that Florida is invinclble without
a single orange tree to lean upon. And
it is true.
Why not relegate theory to theolo-
gians, and boldly strike out as full fieged
agriculturists, in which we have had
ample ocular proofs of complete success
in the past?
Put into practical effect the neverfail-
ing plan of intensive, rather than the un-
successful custom of extensive farming,
and a greater need of success will attend
each repeated effort of the husbandman.
A dozen years ago L had the felicity of
formulating an article, which was pub
lished, warning people with limited
means not to engage in orange culture
to the neglect of planting diversified an
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-11-13

and literally used, all that mans crop
should cost should be his labor. A suf-
ficient quantity of food for himself and
stock should be grown by every farmer,
which can be done just as well as not,
and all experiments in new crops should
be made on rich and well cultivated soil;
so that every farmer can form good
idea whether the crop can be made
success or not provided always the sea-
son was favorable, and not rush into
growing new or strange crops until be
knows what he is about. Early this sea-
son, In this locality, the cry was plant
rice, which was alright as far as it went.
but many of our farmers had an idea all
they had to do was to take a piece of land
cultivate it half, to say nothing about
fertilizer, SOW rice on it, and when har-
vest time comes, reap an immense crop,
in a great many instances the crop did
not happen to be so immense, and OF
course, those farmers are ready to say
farming rice don't pay. But in justice
to some of our farmers who went about
it the right way, they had an excellent
crop and of good quality.
Next spring, no doubt, the hobby will
be growing tobacco, one of the most diff
ficult of all crops to grow and handle,
yet no doubt paying one in proper
hands. The man who aspires to success
fully grow it must know something
about it or he will fail. HODIE DIXIE.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-11-13

various seeds and plants without the
means to fertilize the soil properly, or in
instances where the soil is naturally
rich, to 60 blindly to work to grow q
crop in which we have never had any
experience and make failure of it IS
not profitable to the grower or creditable
to the State.
In these days of close com petition farm
ing is business that must be thor
oughly understood to be made profit
able, and there are very few good farm
ers.
During ten years residence in this
State l have met manv very fine and
intelligent people, they are here there is
no doubt about that, but when you come
to sift out among them many practical
farmers you will be left. And another
good evidence to show that they are not
here is the lack of farms You will find
here and there patches of cleared land
that is cultivated and robbed but no
farms, at least have never seen any,
although our papers always have great
deal to say about our farmers and it is
natural to suppose that there must be
farms somewhere, and stranger read
ing the farm papers is led to believe
that there must be many, but when he
comes to visit us he will find that we are
Ii fn icc hi 10
our fine lake fronts are not fronts at all
but greedy large mouthed bass; that our
Salamander is gopher, and our gopher
land turtle, and that our farms are not
farms at all, but small pea and potato
patches, generally occupied or sur
rounded by the sorriest looking creature
of hog that God Almighty ever put
breath in, but we must not accuse the
Lord as the author Of them, they are an
invention of the devil to annoy and
tempt man to SIN.
Florida is glorious State, it's climate
cannot be surpassed in the world, and it
contains a soil that can be made to yield
abundantly most all manner of crops,
but for years and years through the
greed and stupidity of a number of cat
tie men, whose grade of stock, and usual
condition of it, is disgrace to any civl-
lized country, the soil has been burnt by
annual forest fires and all vegetation that
had accumulated and would have bene
flied the soil has been destroyed. Can
not any simpleton see that this is great
loss, and should be avoided by all
means? That it is due, in a great
measure, to this contemplate business
that Florida's soil ispso impoverished
cannot be disputed.
On the farmer rests the future pros
perity OF the State, and in order to make
a success of it some radical changes
must be made from the old way of doing
things. A better grade of cattle must
be secured, and kept at home, manures
or home made fertilizers must be made
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-11-13
Vol. XXI, NO. IS. Whole No. 800.
For THE FLORIDA AGRICULrUR1sT.
D1versifcation and Intensive Farming.

Dlversifcation and Intensive Farming.
Diversity your farming, is the in
junction that should be laid on all tilers
of the soil everywhere, and it is a lesson
that should be learned from all freezes,
drouths, insect pests and other enemies
of agriculturlsts. But the farmers in
the South seem to be slow in distinguish
ing between friends and foes among the
natural ~agencies and products with
which they have to deal.
For years the wonderful resources of
Florida have been heraldcd over tine
land, and the State has been pictured
as veritable garden of Eden;the golden
orange was the king crop, although al
most every grower of the fruit, was ever
ready to sell his grove, and always fear
full, during the winter season, of freeze
that might come and injure his crop and
ruin his trees, yet this garden of Eden,
that could be made blossom like the
rose, was neglected and very little at
tention was paid to other crops, and
when the freeze did come and knocked
everything flat there was wailing and
gnashing of teeth throughout the length
and breadth of the balmy land of flowers,
and many found themselves without re-
sources and reduced to actual want in
the twinkling of an eye. Some who
oo,,1J loo ho Gto+o Oi,1 RI n
country as they went, and giving it all
sorts of vile names, because they were
not successful in growing tropical fruits
in semi-tropical climate. Others re-
ceived assistance. Some did not know
"where they were at" but have doubt
less found out since that they were not
living in tropical country, many doubt
less have had a nest egg remaining; and
so, after season of pinching and MIS-
cry, and thoroughly learning useful
lesson, will probably again have food
and crops in abundance, and they will
doubtless, too, plant literally of other
than tropical fruit crops. And if they
DrOUI ny Gu6 1CoSOu VI GuS lTGeZo3 duU
other past experiences, they will pro-
vide such diversity of resources that
they need not suffer again from the loss
of one, or two crops.
lam very much in favor of mixed
farming and am glad to see it agitated
in our papers, as this tendency marks a
new era, a true reform, and advancement
toward agricultural independence and
wealth in Florida, and is the only way to
get along successfully. But do we all
understand what diversified farming
means? Do we all know how to go about
growing successfully, all kinds of crops,
and in our soil in condition to attempt
it? mean of course such crops as pro-
bably can be grown here. 1t is very i'm
portant that good start should be
made and that not too much is under
taken. To rush blindly into planting
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-11-13
81 per Annum, in advance

nual crops in volume sufficient to make
each farmers family self sustaining. 1t
was thought at that time that every
person had an independent reverend
ing income in sight, from the mo-
ment their groves came into bearing, and
to the anticipated consummation of
which almost superhuman efforts were
directed.
And then. too, credit was virtually un-
limited, borrowers giving capitalists
carte blanche in fixing any sum for IN
terest which prospective grove owners
eagerly agreed to pay on ubiquitous
mortgages.
But the bubble although bedizened
with all the gorgeous colors Of the rain
bow, finally collapsed from it's own in
anition, carrying financial ruin and per-
sonal dismay with it's destructive sys-
TENS
Why not embark in callings that sell
dom fail? A single acre of pineapples,
properly protected and cultivated, will
return the fortunate owner an annual
competency; and so with an acre of eel
cry. But entire dependence should not
be placed on these alone. Half an acre
of we'll drained muck land planted with
the various sorts of vegetables that do
we'll here would comfortably support
family of five persons in connection with
good cow and dozen or two of chick
ems; but unfortunately people in Florida
seem to be as susceptible to the bland
ishments of fatuous fads as people are
elsewhere and their after regrets are in
nowise different here or there.
1t may be truthfully claimed that the
orange tree possesses tenacity of life
which, abstractly speaking is simply
marvelous-but it has often been dem
heat or natural cold, will kill it. Why
tempt Providence or Fate, when anyone
knowing these conditions will unhesi-
tating assert that the business is extra
hazardous north of township thirty-two
south on an east and west line from
Mullett Key on the Gulf to the Narrows
on the east coast, excepting a very few
points along both coasts, which enjoy
exceptional water protection.
To keep on doctoring and replanting
orange groves, hoping, waiting, expect
ing and wishing for more favorable re-
suits, is only paralleled by the persis-
tent purchaser of lottery tickets, who is
invariably informed after each ''draw-
ing" that his tickets came out of the
wheel blank but with the volunteered
suggestion that he certainly would have
better luck next time.
Finally why not tell the truth and put
the Father of Liars to an inglorious
rout? ROBT A, MILLS.
ChuluOta. Fla.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04

Next you need two sticks 81 feet long
to hold second rail up on the abort
stake against the under side Of long
stake I'LL you can wire fast. Pass tho
wire up over the second rail to the left
and bring around the cross and under
the sacond rail TO the right Of stake
100 the wire will engage the long end
Of srsil whore they lap). Now twist
end Of wire around main wire, take
out your a1f.foot stake and throw for
ward, bring main wire TO bottom Of
short stake and fasten around II q
inches from bottom (see diagram No.
%. This forms long loop, In which
build your rails, placing the heaviest
In the bottom. The fence 10 built on
tho outside Of short stake, Is 8 feet
high, has slope Of 1 foot, while the
brace stake has Q slope Of 8 feet, !
use five rails ~ panel, put wire
around top Of stakes and twist tight
diagram No. q. Always stand on
lower rail while doing this, as II settles
the fence and makes 1t very solid; also
wire around stake and long loop hall
way up stake, brace stake every three
or four panels and wire or nail.
The materials for 100 panels beside1
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04

The object Of blowing Is not merely
to turn over the soil to bury the surface
trash and soften and pulverize II fol
seed. It has a deeper purpose than
this shallow one. II Is certainly to At
the land for the seed and to afford q
good covering for II. But 1t Is not ia
bury the surface, with the accumu'
lated matter Of the previous crop,
where " cannot be Of use until 1t Is
turned back again. The so-callcd
"cut-and.cover" kind VI blowing should
be made penal otIense, for 1t Is detri.
mental to all concerned In the good
culture Of the land. On the contrary,
II is the sloping furrow slice, laid on
edge at about rs degrees with the
surface, and tho manure with 1t lying
In layers from the top to the bottom Of
the furrow, that IL really plowing.--
Rural World.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04
Levi Culture for Posate.s.

Almost everybody now agrees that
level culture produces the largest and
best crops Of potatoes But II 10 In.
possible TO have level culture unless
the seed potatoes are planted deeply
enough for the tubsrs TO form under
the coll. The constant tendency Of The
tubers Is to rise - they grow. This, II
the seed has been planted only one or
two inches deep, makes 1t necessary To
draw dirt around the hill, making .
mound which sheds the water on either
side. This also cuts the potato roots
In the middle Of the row. 1t requires
dry and rich ground to make success
ful deep planting and level culture
possible. But soil without stagnsnt
water near the surface Is always nec-
essary for the potato crop II the sub
soil Is Allied with water through winter
and spring, II Is impossible TO grow
good potato crops on such land the fol-
lowing season by any method. Prairie
Farmer.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04
VALUE Or IRRIGATION.


- 0svaaes Agriculture irsn Dssaessy -
eslsat1ns RussuiG
Tho truth u that irrigation Il not
only positive advantage In the econ
omy Of agriculture. but that II goes far
beyond tie mere agricultural processes,
and szsrts far-resehins influence upon
industry and society. Acountry which
y naturally aid, and which has then
been brought under proper system Of
irrigation, viii differ very materially
In the quality Of IL civilization from
the country whish receives only rain
from the. ky, and depends altogether
upon that source for the moistsning Of
its Zelda And there could be no bet
ter illustration Of these principles than
the Kern delta Of California. Here .
vast eststs Of 10000 acres has been
brought under . system Of irrigation
remarkable for It, simplicity, and tho
influences TO which l have referred
w1e.e. A.
-, ~ ny s Fly Ielel " ~ 'Ae m0.' ~. ~
WV. .1vsA ss y. "'ou, wA.SA
m 10y " ,eso.ly unaeI'. s :. one
anls - , .as 'ses Una. 'ne ulss'lon
ssns ., .AnNas .no euse '" sue lsam
x con.'l'use. IN ,nsulance pV,'cy uPyn
sao cIops' msn insure 'ns,r .lve.' 'ne'l
nou a anu psrns, anu 'n Ss c.Igoe ~
~ .lan.'s s0lo1. 'ns - "nv 'noula
'Iey NOV insure 1ns croPs On
N, Mn'o . sne,s existence =. sn 49, prosper
~ oePenof "a course snls - ~
o'neE losm q insurance. s'nce nte ~.
,.1a.,.. aos. . nov nsoesssll.y p.evsns
...o.lisy 70 os'',ucson; Wv ocmpen-
~, .ao loss l.f,ss.lon ~ nlgneI
sua lever form :. lnsuran'e' s'nce ~
I! pIsvsnss 'ne po'a'o'l,.y % loss. nus
~ y .ne sus'ls ,.s snu nsllowess WY
=. III, 'rr'ss ss s..nousn 0se,y . islns. :.
~. 'o.any ul W., 'ass ~ 20
wos'. S'o"' u.si Il" n''n " A.ow
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04

Why ~ Unlea Asas-Atoask - Best 1an-
ter FaIlsA-A HI q Dssrst nlstssy.
The publication Of Admiral Stevens
graphic paper ON the ''Boat.Attaok on
Fort Sumter" In the Companion, last
yeas, has suggested to me that I might
supply information on one point which
he neglected 10 touch. The moment
the union forces were about to land
they were subjected to tremendous
eannonads from every confederate bst-
terry that could BE- brought to bear
upon them. How were the union plans
made known to the confedsrstes?
That was not the only instance when
precautions that seemed absolutely to
promise success were followed by fall
urs. In fast, Il has frequently been .
matter Of wondef aimee the civil war
closed, - II Wa at the time . matter
Of disappointment to the people Of the
north, that the federal Aeet Of Uharlss-
ton achieved 70 little.
Though II wa the most formidable
naval armament In the world at that
time, II accomplished nothing beyond
aiding In the reduction Of Morris island
and Fort Sumter. And even these
gains would certainly have been Of
fectsd BY the army alone, without the
cooperation Of . Aeet.
Undoubtedly there were on the con-
fsdsrste aide courage. skill, discipline,
intelligence, heavy batteries well
manned In abort, everything that
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04

cen. peaurseasa In Charleston thai
he army would aaaault in force that
night
Consequently. when the attacking
column, with the gallant Shaw Of n
hsad, came up, under cover Of dark.
nsas they found . foe fully prepared,
and with rifle in hand, ready to mako
IN obstinate defense.
Il wa, on small scale, one Of Ne
hloodiast s4airs Of the war, marked b.
great bravery On both ddsA Coming
70 near - II did TO . success for Tie
iederals, II only failed, l am sure, ~
cause the elemsnt Of surpriss VA
wanting.
Another equally marked occasion Wa
that which Admiral Stevens has DE-
scribed. For hours In advance ~
knew that Fort Sumter would b. o.
b tacksd BY boats IN the night Ordsrs
were autographed TO al our batteries
to point their guns, while TIN day.
light lasted, upon the water east and
south Of the fort and 10 stand ready 70
open Are instantly.
All around the harbor everything
was made ready. At evening the artn-
lerisa lay down beside their guna,
ready to spring to their feet and bsein
firing. Within Fort Sumter every prep.
aration was made for defense, riAemsn
ranged on the ruined walls, and hand
grenades stored conveniently. Oar
knowledge Of the intended attack made
Us masters Of the situation; and The ~
ssult wa . {oredoomed and inevitable
failure.-Willism b. johnson, In
Youths Companion.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04
rERBAc.se INSTRUMENT,

,act has oa,ned IN imnortanca ~ lata
~ thot ,arrs sr.es ~ what ws. oncs
cors,d.rsd ,.,yorr ontp iand .rd Iva.
r.hls ~ rroat.h,s v,sld ara hs,rc
brought aca,n ,,ndar cultivation nv ths
nrect,cs ~ ths nronar .v.tsm ~ t.r.
rac,ng
M Ar.. r.or.,t. /. n "a. ,.x., ,,r.s
lsid IN IN whlch II huild tha smhsnL.
msnts mi. rsou;rs. an in.trumsnt.
There ara ssvsrai cham on.s m ths
m.rL.t hut = hom..msds tcoi I'll, an.
.w.r scrsllv vail Huch An ,n.trr.
msrt =. r.nr..srt.d N our ant /. msds
~ tvo r,snss ~ t,mhar s,svsr 49, loro
AND ons n,sc. an f.st LONE Ths tvo
large MACE. A.. atted tocsth.r A. ons
snd Will. ths othsru AZ siohtssr 49,
snart Ths ANAL tim her il f..tsnad n
Tho large onss. four f.et from the noint
~ msstino' md a snlrit level IA nIaosd
AT tn csntsr Tarrsrs lines ars marLsd
"A NV nlscino ons and where ths n ay,.
posed terrace is to run, while the other
s,- II, ~ ~, ~ 81
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04

WARRINGTON, July l.-Private In
formation has reached the department
Of state about the Waller case. This
information Is to the effect that the
government can do nothing To save
Waller and the we'll known Kansan
now serving u term Of twenty-one
years in France, under court.martial
sentence in Madagascar, will be com.
PEELED, as far as this government Is
concerned, TO serve out the sentence.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04
A JAIL DELIVERY.
Prisoners In an Oklahoma jan
Strike for Freedom.
TWO IEI KILLED, SEVERAL HURT.
The Outlaws Being Followed by Posss q
lnfurlatsd Citlssas - Bloodhounds
Brought Into Rsqulsltion-A
Probable Lynchiag.

OKLAHOMA ClrY, Ok, July 1.-As the
result Of q jail delivery At this point at
. o'clock yesterday evening TWO people
are dead and several wounded more or
less severely. When Jailer Carver en-
tered the corridor Of the jail 1t the
usual time to lock the prisoners In their
cells, Vic Casey, Robert Christian and
william Christian made savage on
slaught on him with weapons they had
managed TO secrete. He was struck a
terrific blow over the right eye and
knocked insensible. The prisoners
dashed over bis body and away
TO freedom, scattering the people
on the crowded streets and keep
ing at bay their pursuers with
q rapid discharge Of revolvers
which In some mysterious manner
they had obtained Vic Casey jumped
into q passing vehicle containing q
man and q woman, and at the point
Of pistol compelled them TO
Jump out. Almost before they
had time TO obey his COM
mand Chief Of Police Milt Jones
opened fire on the escaping prisoner,
who promptly returned the fire. A
perfect fusillade then took place be-
tween the Christian brothers, Casey
and several officers In which Casey and
Jones were instantly killed, one man
shot through the leg and woman
slightly wounded by spent bullet.
One OF the Christians then mounted
the dead officers horse, while the other
compelled a msn to get out Of . buggy
and drove furiously into the country,
closely pursued by a posse OF infuri-
ated citizens. lIloodhounds were
brought into requisltion, and there
Is little doubt but that they
will be captured very soon. II
they should be overtaken q
double lynchlng will surely follow.
Vic Casey was ~ years old. lie killed
Deputy Marshal Sam Farrls at Yukon,
Ok, last summer. lie would have been
released on bond to-day, Bob and
VIII Christian were noted desperadoes
and were confined on the charge OF
killing Deputy Marshal Turner, OF
Tecumseh, Ok, several months ago.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04
STRAIGHT RAIL FENCE


This nAthsd It DuiIdIsg Has 8ssa ~
esssfslly Used for Ysass.
I send dssign Of . WY 70 build fsne>
from old rails which I have used ths
pest three years with succesA 6oms
Of the points Of merit sre' /. That
the rails oil 10 edgewiss and will las'
longer and make more fence. .. Thai
II Il built with lsss material than any
other rail fencs. l. That II can b put
up faster than any other straight rsil
fence. I. That the fence 10 very soliA
and the more II settles the solder Il
gets. 8. That the rails are ill hold
solid, yst can easily b replaced.
l build u follows for each panel d
fence: ! cut two stakes, either new o.
from broken rails one . feet and one
W feet Now lay these down 10 ths
line Of the fence (the short ones a.
ways under. 10 % TO make the fsncs
symmetrical), cross about Is inches
from top and nall with ono No II
nail Now (sss diagram No. y rsiss up
the cross and place top rail In the fork
OF cross which will hold II In place.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04

Unfortunately there are many who
think they can become merchants
without previous training. They claim
that ANYONE can sell goods" utterly
oblivious that buying, As well Is sell
ing, Is an art, that experience Is =
school; that training is discipline,
that there is business alphabet to be
acquired, falling which there can be
no progress, no success Such soon
come to grief, their numbers swelling,
far too fast, the long list Of bankrupta
And what 10 true Of merchandising Is
equally true Of farming, both skilled
training and experience are essential
10 success Rural World.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1895-07-04

WASHINGTON, July 1.-The secret
service officials have discovered new
counterfeit $40 silver certificate, series
1901, check letter "a" W. s Rose
Grams, register; b. H. Nebeker, treas
urer; portrait Of Hendricks; small
scolloped carmine seal. The word
register" Is spelled ''regist." Tho
color Of the treasury number is faded
blue, almost green, and the numbers
are too heavy,