The daily morning journal and courier., 1895-06-21

! NiICS anu lOOh QOWli upOll IlIClll' Ol top of the hill are a few trees and sur
 shining through the leaves sends trem- bling lights and shadows on a brook
 and the woods further beyond. At the
 foot of the hill is the stock, some lying
 some standing, and over at the edge of the woods a few more have stopped to drink at the brook and are now
 wandering slowly homeward, joined by 1 the main herd, and son the long line
 is lost sight of over the top of the | hill and we hear in the distance the
 call "co-boss," "co- boss"
 Down in the woods a little later in the year the children will gather chest
 nuts and the older folks will go in jolly
 parties to cornwash but now, except
 an occasional boy who hopes to catch
 a few trout, or the farmer going to look at his corn crop some distance beyond, | no one disturbs to any extent the hush and squirrels. Here the wild flowers bloom and fade, for civilization has not yet stretched out her arms to des- troy natures home.
 Out in the clearings the grain is just beginning to take on its golden hue and rises and falls os the evening breezes begin to hurry out from the woods and
 hasten across the fields.
 Over on the hillside the woodchuck has just come out of his burrow and is feeding in the clover.
 A long line of crows are flying lazily
 towards their roasting place in the
 woods and the long drawn out cav of
 the last bird jars harshly upon the
 quiet of the pasture. The sun is rapid
 ly approaching the horizon and we
 our fet is a, little wet from the falling
 dew.
 As we draw near the buildings there
 is plainly more going on than when
 We left them a few hours ago. The
 family have evidently just finished sup
 per, for the farmer and his helper are
 walking down toward the barn, swing
 ing milk pail in either hand. I'm
 mediately the cows file through the
 open door and put their heads into the stocks. Soon the music against the tin
 begins then deepens into almost bass
 tone, only to begin over again as pail after pail is filled But at last all the cows are milked and turned out into the yard, The men walk back to the house with the comfortable feeling that the days work is done. After the milk is strained Into pans, from which rich milk will be taken in the morning, the men stroll around to the veranda and tilt back chairs against the side of the house, talk over the work of the day, the plans for the morrow and the hopes for the future. When the palls are washed and the house is put in or der the women folks come out and take chairs although in a more proper posi- tion, and enjoy the rest and cool of the evening Then the conversation changes to neighborly gossip and more general topics, while the sunset deepens into red glow and the swallows and bats dart about overhead, and the rob- in hopping about on the lawn becomes less and less distinct. The chirping of and crickets, take the place of the songs of birds. The goodnight peep of the little wren in the wistaria vine is heard and lastly the hush of the night mantles all the earth. The moon hastaning in vain after the sun pushes her silver disk higher and higher and dim with CT radiance the twinklng stars. The folks retire early to their | beds for their begins at sunrise and the ] last rays of life disappear when the | extlngushed candles, one by one, dark ! en the windows.
 The glee club then rendered Pf1ueger's | song, The Bugler," with a solo by c. | D. Thompson, jr., of the senior class.
 Ralph Gibbs Van Name of this city | then read his essay on "The Surplus of 1 IS37"
 BY RALPH GIBBS VAN NAME OF
 THIS CITY.
 There is hardly a civilized nation of he world which Is not burdened with public debt, and this country is no ex- .eption to the rule Our government las always been in debt, with the ex- eption of the three years, 1835-1S37
 During this period the debt was not 'nly practically paid off, but a surplus accumulated of over forty millions, | which caused much financial distunb- nee and contributed in no small meas Ire toward bringing on the disastrous ,anic of 1887.
 There were two important causes of he surplus. One was the high tariff which had prevailed since 1928, the oth- r the large increase in the sale of pub- c lands in the west produced by the rowth of railways and the increase of migration.
 The growth of the national income l 'om these two causes was so great that ! 1882 it was evident that the public ] ebt would not only be paid off, but l 1iat there would also be a large surplus l few years, and the tariff was modi- ed to reduce the income. This was followed the next year by lore radical change in the tariff, which rovided that it should be gradually re- lced within ten years to uniform rate twenty per cent, but even this did ot prevent the growth of the sur Jus. Ir The sale of public lands soon received q
 new stimulus, to explain which a lort Aggression will be necessary. In 1892 the deposits of public money | ere distributed for safe keeping among {
 number of banks in different parts the country, which were allowed the SC of the money for nothing and which P lus gained the nickname of "pet g lnks." c The deposits had previously been kept !,
 the United States bank, which was laTtered hV the government and thair ! z