The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-02-06

rod be of brass or copper, and then.
after allowing the rod to cool, band
ling the guage until the latter expands,
it is found that discrepancy Of from
O.O07 iech to col inch may be some
times made apparent, due entirely to
the differences of temperature.
Romer, Preschel and Iriuyi are varl-
ously named as inventors Of phos-
phorous matches. From the testimony
Of still-liviog college friend it appears
that the real inventor is the Honga-
riap, Janos Irinyi. 1t was io 1885.
when the latter, then 1e years old and
a student at the polytechnic school, 10
Vienna, attended Prof. Meissner's
lectures on chemistry. He became
greatly impressed BY a demonstration
Of the reaction produced on rubbing
together peroxide Of lead and sulphur.
1t struck hin at once that the reaction
might be greatly intensified when sub
stitutiug PHOSPHORUS for sulphur.
Iripyi was not to be seen at the college
for the next few days. His friend,
wishing to see him, called his rooms,
but found the door locked On joining
his friend, Irinyi had his pockets full of
matches. which be struck on the walls,
all OF them taking Ere. He prepared
them BY melting PHOSPHORUS in a con-
centrated solution of glue and shaking
until the mass became cold, aud all the
pbosphorous assumed a finely divided
state. TIE emulsion was mixed with
brown peroxide of lead. aud sticks
previously dipped in molten sulphur
were impressed in the mixture He
sold bis invention, it is recorded, to
merchant named Romer for about S3,-
500.
AS an Instance of the difference be-
tween the old slavery days farming aud
farming by the employment of more
modern methods and improved machln-
cry IN the South. the following ilustra-
ton is given: C. 7. Douglass, young
farmer Of Mecklenburg County, N. G.,
iu 1898. planted thirteen acres OF land
in cotton and harvested six bales by the
old method Of farming. Last year be
planted three acres of the same land ln
cotton with the nurpose of cultivating
it .intensely''. as an experiment. Re
suit: On three of the thirteen acres,
which yielded him but six bales of cot
ton the year before, be harvested four
bales Of cotton. Difference Under
the old system Of cultivation his land
raised less than one-half bale Of cot
ton to the acre under the improved
methods it raised one and oue-tbird
bales. This practice of ''iOtense"
farming is rapidly spreading. and the
tendency is decidedly towards smaller
and better cultivated farms.
The 8-incb parrot gun, known as the
Swamp Angel" will be recalled by
those who were old enough to read and
understand the skirmishes and raids and
battles duriog the civil war. The s'o-
ry of its construction is about as follows:
The colonel of regiment of New Y9rk
engineers was ordered by Gen. GILMORE
iu 1868 to mount the guos-a1 Morris
Island, South Carolina, tke place being
designated as about a~snie out in the
swamp. aud to make requisition for all
needed apg)ia0ees The colonel made
su5seJ Of the place designated, viewing
It from the nearest land. aud then
sent in requisitioo for 200 men 30
feet high to work in swamp 20 feet
deep. Geo. Gilmore, not appreciat-
ing tI;s bit of humor from his subordi-
nate, placed him under arrest, and the
officer found it a hard task to get re-
lieved. The guo was subsequently,
mounted by the colonel, aud it was
dubbed the ":wamp Angel after as
topishiug both federal aud confederates
by sending shell from Morris Island,
81 900 feet, into the streets of Charles
ton. 1t fred thirty-six rounds. aud
then burst near the breech 1t is now
said to be in Trenton, N. j.. where it
is used as drinking fountain.
The peculiar aod characteristic odors
of flowers. leaves, fruits, seeds, roots,
barks aud woods are due to the presence
of essential oils. Withou. the latter
there would be DO liquors or perfumery,
and spices would be unknown. lu some
plants the oil is found only in the flow
ers, as the rose and violet; in others in
the fruit, as the nutmeg; 10 others in
the uucxpauded buds, as the Glove; in
others in the bark, as certain laurels;
and 10 still others in the outer riud of
the fruit. as the orange and lemon. Italy
supplies the world with orange and lem
90 oils, and the Italians are up TO all