Democratic Northwest and Henry County news. [volume] (Napoleon, O. [Ohio]) 1894-1905, 1895-02-28
DIAMOND b POLISHING. POI j. s,l#II m
CUTTING AND PUTTING A LUsTER
ON THE FIERY STONE.

An Industry Not Known In This Country
. Few Years Ago-Now Our Cutters Ex-
eel Those OF Most Every European coun-
try-Rose" Diamonds Made Of Chips.
Very few people who are fortunate
enough to be able to wear diamonds
know what amount Of labor has been
expended upon them from the time they
were mined until finally they appear in
the showcases Of the jewellers ready for
use Fewer still are aware of the fact
that the labor of the cutter and polisher
adds at least $40 carat to the value of
the uncut diamond. These would squirm
at the idea of taking even seemingly
finished and polished brilliant and split
ting it into two pieces, doubling the ex-
pediency Of the act on common sense
grounds. The loss in weight from cut
ting is over one-half, but it so adds to
the value of the diamond that stone
of one carat, costing in tho rough per-
haps $40, would sell for $1I0 when cut
and polished. and the refuse or leav-
ings from the cutting might bring a
tidy sum besides. The value, however,
does not depend alone upon the weight
of the stone, but it is affected also by
blemishes and impurity of color. 1t is
the stone with blemish, which is some
times left in it in the hope that the
ignorant and inexperienced purchaser
may not discover it, which goes to the
diamond cutter second time, that the
oonnoisseur thinks needs cutting and
necessarily reducing to take the blemish
out of, and thus increased It's brillianey
and value.
Less than 15 years ago two diamond
cutters cut and finished all the rough
diamonds which came to this market.
In fact, there was not a sufficiency of
work even for these two workmen, for
the brillian IS were nearly all imported
in finished state, ready for setting in
any shape for the wearers. But the du-
ties upon these became an important
matter, as there was nothing to pay up
on the rough stone. at least nothing to
speak of, and the finished article cost
high because Of the demands of Uncle
Sam. He argued that people who could
afford to wear diamonds should be will
ing to pay high for the privilege. This
matter of duty paid to the customs Off
GERS became an incentive to the dia-
mond cutting profession, and the num-
ber of workmen was increased and the
inventive genius of our bright Ameri-
can inventors set at work to make labor
saving machines for cutting and polish
|. ing diamonds.
Another fact that increased the incen-
two to encouraging American diamond
cutters was that the work ON the bril-
liants was too frequently done in a care
less manner in Europe, particularly OUT
side Of the Dutch city of Amsterdam,
and that American workmen could
much better satisfy the critical taste of
our people who deal in and wear pre-
cious stones, for the trade takes in all
precious stones as we'll as diamonds. At
that time the difference between dia-
mond imported and one cut and finished
here was SO marked that the demand for
stones finished here was greatly in
creased, and within five years some six
more diamond cutters had established
themselves in New York, and all had
more work than it was possible for them
todo. The eight diamond cutters dressed
and polished at least one twentieth of
all the diamonds sold in the city of New
York, and the superior excellence Of
their work was recognized by all deal
ers and became the envy of the older
workers in Holland, who had heretofore
had almost complete monopoly of the
trade. This showed that some things as
we'll as Others might he done on this
side of tho water better than the work
men of Europe could do
Diamonds are imported. as rule,
from South Africa, where as large and
| as fine stones arc found IA in all Of the
East Indies and Brazil, although many
of the African diamonds are off color
They come to this country in the rough
in all sorts Of shapes and almost always
uneven in shape. These lack entirely
that luster which is the beauty of the
brilliant and attaches to the name SO
closely, for it is the brilliancy and lus-
ter which make the diamond most vain
able. added, of course, to the fact of it's
hardness and consequent ability to take
and keep very high polish. By the
process of -eleaving" the irregularities
of the rough stones are chipped off, and
the general form of the diamond is se-
cured, but without Its possession of any
Of the circles which separate the face
These chipped off pieces, If of suitable
| color and without flaws, are used for
making what are denominated rose"
diamonds. What are called, in the par
lance of the trade. fasces'' of the dia-
mond are cut by the rubbing together
of two stones, and when this process is
completed and the stones have been suf-
ficiently rubbed down they resemble two
irregular glass pebbles, but ground on
the fasces SO that there is no sign nor
any suggestion even Of brilliancy In
| fact, they are entirely without luster or
beauty, and to the inexperienced eye
worthless pieces of glass. But when the
polishing of these dull looking stones is
finished, and the process concluded,
there is vast difference in the appear
ance of the diamonds. .--Philadelnhia