Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-05-14

crease In the proportion OF males. which
has exceeded that OF females certainly
during the last forty years. although the
tendency received a setback during the
civil war. from which II IN now recover
ing. a table shows that In Europe. while
the numbers OF the two sexes are nearly
equal the females are In excess. the pro-
portion ranging from 50.5s In the Neither
lands TO 81 As I'm the United Kingdom,
and 52Io in Norway Ia our country the
percentage OF females AT the last census
was 4S7s. and that OF males 81 q, the ex-
cess OF the latter being ascribed to i'm
migration. No doubt emigration accounts.
also, for some OF the figures in European
countries; yet, in Spain. where there Ia
comparatively little OF Il. we find but
a0i males TO $3.50 females. and In Aus
tr'a. where there is not excessive emf
grafton. 1891 TO 5l.o9.
OF course. the difference between our
own States In this matter is great. The
factories on the Atlantic border attract
great numbers OF female operatives.
while the outdoor occupations OF the
West draw many males. In Montana
there are two males 10 one female and
nearly as great a ratio In Wyoming. on
the other hand. in New Hampshire Mas
sachusetts. Rhode Island. Connecticut.
New York. New Jersey Maryland. Vir-
ginia. and both Caroinas, females are
great. In the District OF Columbia they
constitute 81 per cent. and in Massa-
chusetts, which stands next, 5i.42.
INCREASE IN WHITE POPULATION.
OF our total Of 62.G22 $50 people at the
last census there were 7,i7O.0i0 Of negro or
mixed blood. including muattos. quad
rooms. and octor0ons. This Is little
over IL per cent. and IL shows an In
crease from 6,5s0.783 in 1880 and from 1885,,
yo9 in 1870 OF course the relative proper
ton Of increase has been greater for the
whites. The faulty character of tho CEN
sus of 1870 even aroused some question as
10 whether the coored element was not
relatively losing with enormous rapidiiy.
But MIR. Gannctt shows that IN the thirty
years preceding 1860 Il increased IS per
cent. and In The next thirty years not
less than CS In Louisiana the colored
people are about one half the population;
in Mississippi and South Carolina, nearly
three ffths in the coasiw!se States from
Virginia to Louisiana. inclusive. over one
third each. 1t Is declared that there has
been "perceptible southwark movement
Of the ColOTed race
As 10 the Chinese. their immigration
began in 1854. and averaged about 1000 10
5000 for fifteen years. when 1t became
more rapid Agitation produced the Ex-
clusion act of 1872. with the result that,
while the census showed 1cti6S Chinese
here. that Of 1890 showed l06.i62, only .
very slight increase The Indians num-
bercd 2i9.273 in 1850, with 16.70j living
upon reservations. and more than third
of these were self-suppOrting and self
governing.
OF our total population at the last cen
sus. 92ig.5f7 were Of foreign birth, ana
1882 703 OF native birth, including the
coored races Then natives whites num-
bered e. So, 023. 1t is interesting TO note
that the changes have been comparative
ly small in these proportions in the last
thirty years. The native ratio in 1860
was SGA of which 1916 was white: the
foreign was 1916 In 1890 the native ratio
was S. 80 with 1924 Of it white, and the
foreign was 1477 Prior 10 1860 the native
ratio was larger being 1892. but the ma
tive white ratio is given as only 1874, or
precisely as at the last census.
AGRICULTURE
The leading industry Of the United
states If we consider the number OF per
sons employed and supported by it. Is
agriculture: but II we consider the value
Of the product It is manufactures, since
the latter in 1890 exceeded A.00J,O0,00)
while that of agriculture was only $3.50
O0O.O0 \ very striking fact is that In
1859 the net product of manufactures was
81 g73 COO 00), or less than that Of asricui-
ture. which was S2.2S,000,C2O at that time.
The enormous gain and present status of
manufactures certainly suggest their
right TO be heard as an element In the
finance of the country. The value Of
farms in 1880 was Sl3. 27G.000.0O0. an in
crease of 50 per cent. Farming tools and
machinery brought the total capital up
10 Sl3770.0000 900, which produced a return
Of s.. AGO 000.OO0. or a little less than Is per
cent. The average size OF farms de-
creased from 203 acres In 1880 TO l3i acres
I'm 1880 but i'm 1890 ii increased TO l31
acres
Tobacco Is produced in forty-two States |
and Territories, but nearly half the whole |
crop comes from Kentucky. Virginia, |
Ohio, North Carolina. Tennessee. and |
Pennsylvania are also great producers,
as, too. are Connecticut in proportion to
It's area, and Wisconsin, considering its
latitude.
Wheat is the most important of our
cereal crops, and in the famous year
lS91 the yield was 6i2 100000 bushels,
whereas India produced only 255,0c0Oo0;
France, 23l OOO.G00: Russia $4,000 600; Hun
gary, 100000 and Italy. 100000. That
year was also great one for our corn.
which reached 2.050 000.090 bushels, falling
off about one NTH the following year.
or oats during the same prosperous
year the production reached 73S.0oO.0)0
!
while barley and buckwheat come lower
on the list.
Cotton. of course. is of great impor
lance. the maximum yield-that Of 1872
reaching 903s, 707 bales, Texas leading off
in virtue of its area, while Georgia and
Mississippi are enormous producers. with
Alabama following. Hay is a product of
vast value. that of 1883 amounting to
47.0000 900 tons. valued AZ i060D,0O; and
% sat
of which the product In 1855 was 10000
go bushels. valued at ISL 10000
The total number of farm animals in
1882 was 1863 10000 valued at s. i6l ,00,o00.
Horses led of. with l5,5cO,coo in number,
and sl.00S.o0o 900 in value. Cows numbered
16 10000. with a value Of $500 GOO. The
densest sheep population Is in OHIO ave-
raging 100 to square mile, or nearly
three times as many for the area as any
other State OF hogs. Iowa has l2I to
the square mile: Illinois, s.; Ohio. g.
In about two fifths of the area of the
country, excluding Alaska. the rainfall
H. not adequate for agriculture. so that
in eleven States and Territories irrigation
Is resorted TO. The total area irrigated,
at the date given, was S5Si,4l6 acres, or
about one half of per cent of-the total
areas. In two States-Colorado and Cali
fornia-the irrigated area exceeded per
cent.
MANUFACTURES.
Manufactures have had rapid devel-
opment i'm this country. In 1880 the capital
employed was S53S.oo0OO0; the hands.
So. eco; the wagess237. OOO, 600; the material.
500 go $50; the gross products, Sl.ol9 10000;
the net products, s46i,ooo.00. These figures
fell somewhat short OF doubling In 1860.
However In 1850 all of them had been
more than quadrupled, except the num-
Der of hands, which was about tripled.
For 1890 by making approximate calcu-
lations from partial statistics, Mr.. Can
nett reaches these vast figures: Capital,
50 $50 900 900. or nearly twelvefold that
of 1850: hands employed. 4,66S.OeO. or nearly
fivefold In spite OF the Introduction OF
labor saving machinery; wages, S0O,tvo'-
600. or nearly ninefold. thus making the
average wages far higher; gross products,
81 400. O00O eco. or over ninefold; material,
& coo OO1c00 or nlnefold; net product,
81 400. zoo. or nearly tenfold. In ten
years the South has made great strides
in manufactures.
The average yearly wages or employees
IN 1850 were S2i7; in 1890 they were VIZ
The average capital invested In each