Arizona silver belt., 1895-09-28
THE MINERAL MARKET |.
THE APAcnEs HIyC SoYEsrED RIGRrs

In our editorial on the Apache h. disns and the immense reservation de- voted to their exclusive use, published last week, We stated that the Indians had no tenure in the land, fact that is not generally understood, and which calls for amphfcaton.
 The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, by which the United States acquired from Mexico that portion of Arizona and New Mexico north of the Gila river and west of the Rio Grande, rec, ognized the title and rights of Mexican citizens residing in the ceded territory, and provided that in said territory property of every kind then belong ing to Mexicans established there, should be inyiolably respected. In re. lation to the Indian inhabitants, how ever, the treaty contains no stipulation recognizing any vested rights, bat treats them as sayages and a common enemy, against whom it was necessary to adopt measures of defense.
 The character of the Apaches is well shown by the reports of Don Ignacio Zuniga, who for years served as com- mander of the northern presidios of Sonora Writing, in 1885, he declared that since 1920 no less than 5000 lives had been lost; that at least 100 ranches, haciendas, mining camps and other settlements had been destroyed; that from 5000 to 4OOO settlers had been obliged to quit the northern frontier, and that in the extreme north absolutely nothing was left but the demoralized garrisons of worthless soldiers, owing to the fierce war waged by the Apaches.
 Many years after the treaty of Cha daluPe Hidalgo was ratified tue Sta.e of Sonora offered and paid bouuties for Apache Indian scalps, the strongest possible proof that they were regarded as lshmaelites by the Moxicans.
 These Indians were, moreover, q rowing People-nomads, who perhaps might be in United States territory one week and on Mexican soil the next. Their habitation was not fixed, and therefore, fearing the incursions of the Apaches, Mexico exacted a promise from our Government (Article XI, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo), that all such inCursions should be fcrcibly re, strained by the Government of the United States, whensOeyer this should be necessary; and that when they could not be prevented, the Indians were to be punished by our Government, and satisfaction exacted from them-all in the same way and with equal diligence and energy, as if the same incursious were meditated or committed within its own territory against its own citizens.
 This clause in the treaty showed the wisdom of the Mexican Government and their greater knowledge of the in- eorrigibIo and wicked character of the Apaohes, than was then possessed by our own Government. And it was not many years before this obligation grew onerous and difficult of fulfllment.
 And so it was when the treaty was entered into, in 1858, for the purchase of additional territory south of the Gila river, since known as the Gadsdeu purchase, the United States ayailed itself of the opportunity to get rid of very buydensome contract, by having inserted ID the new treaty Q clause (Article IT. releasing the United States from all liability on account of the obligations contained in Article XI of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and abrogating that article,
 There is nothing whatever upon which to base the assertion that the In. diGus have a vested right to the lands on which they are quartered, and they occupy the White Mountain roserya- ton by suference of the chief ezecu- tive of the nation, and the only obliga- tion of the Government toward them is the universal one of humanity. There is little doubt bat that Mexico has from time to time uRloaded it's most obiec- tionable Indians upon us, and the United States has received, clothed and fed them, and in many instances fa- 7ored them to the detriment and in jury of it's own citizens.
 The White Mountain reservation had it's origin, according to Bancroft, | when Maj. John Green, in 1869, found | a band of friendly Coyoteros there. In June, 1870, he established Camp ! ord, now Fort Apache, and gathered | lo43 Indians. His very favorable re-
 "a t~ ihe setting npart of the