davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31
Legendi . Matce Boskiej.
XVII.

Me t}lko ludzie, lecz
wszystko, CO zywe W Maryi
Fanny zostaje opiece; ona
sic swiatem troszczy dobrot.
liwie, muszka W powietrzu ,
drobna rybka W rzece, ptaszy-
ma mala z pisklety drobnemi,
nawet robakiem, co wype}za
2 ziemi ma Zwiastowanie, gdy
sic zbudzi wiosaa; DO ona
swiata jest matka litosna!...
Dobytek ludzki ochrania cd
szkody i nawet wiki z Ear
loczna ~paszczeka, " zimowe
noce cd wieiskiej zagrody
odgania sama opiekuhcza
reka. ~.
Swiety Miko{aj, co je W
ryzach trzyma, gdy spadna
sniegi i nadejdzie lima, ich
dzika horde ma czesci rozbija,
ably "a jego wy}acz YIN ma.
kazem ma ludzkie dybro ME
spada}y ~razem;wiec maja sobie
dzia}y wyznaczone kazdy
Idle tylko W swoja strong,
gdzie mu wyznaczy} Swiety
legowisko, cd ludzi zdala, cd
siebie ME blisko.
A ma Gromniczn9, gdy sic
z kniei zwl6cza i jak rabusie
pc polach roz}aza, "a }upem
wesz4, a zlowrogo mrucza i
miedzy SODA ma sniegu sic
swarza i g}odnym zebem
KAPPA i doko}a robia wypra-
we ma uspione sio}a .Panienka
swieta stale i'm ma dredze z
Gromnica W reku, wsrod
tuman6w $niegu i wilcze stada
%zatrzymuje W biegu.
l tax ma stray cichej wioski
stoi, wiec napast pred MIA
cola sic i boi i ME smie
napr16d iSe, gdy swiat}o
zoczY.
Gdy wystraszene stado sic
rozskoczy, to W jaka strone
cofnie sic wiczysko, W te JUL
umykat musi pred gromnica;
zielone slepia wsciekloscia mu
Swieca. ale }eb zwiesza i
wyciaga szyje, jak pies skulo-
ny chy}kiem W sniegu brodzi
Il W ciemne lasy sp}oszony
uchodzi.
Gdy W noe miesieczna wiki
W polach wyja, ludzie sic
ze' snu budza wielkim
strachem i s}ychac szepty
pod %slomianym dachem:
- w swoja obrone wezmij
mas Maryo!..:"
| zn6w zasypia z ta ufnoScia
wioska, re W sniegach mad
MIA czuwa Matka Boska.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31

zataczajac DUE, twierkaja
ludziom: - ,,Witamy z
powrotem!'
Dawno jul temu. wicle
wicklow, Tatarzyn miasta
pustosz>}i siola, W jasyr bra}
,ehce, smicrc szerzy} doko}a,
nawala spada} ma wsie, horo-
dyszcza, a kedy przeszed} =
ruiny i zgliszcza.
Razu pewnego z jakiejs
wioski cichei herda porwala
dziewke i urodziwa i wlok}a 2
soba, )ak }up z wyprawy,
p}one}y strzechy, a Pc polach
trupy pomordowanych o6ar
pezosta}y; wl6k} sic po ziemi
noca opar bialy i ros}y W
niebe czarnych dym6w s}upy.
Dziewke Tatarzy pognali W
obczyzne.
l tam W jasyrze cd swoich
daleko, slone Icy lala ma
sercowa BLING. slonych }ez
zr6d}o mia}a pod powieka. Pc
nocach w niebo mod}y s}a}a
do Maryi Fanny z prosba 0
pocieche, by wr6cit mogla
pod rodzinna strzeche i ojcow
swoich zobaczyc pred zgonem
glove pred mimi pochylic z
poklonem i ica kolan chocby
pasG bez ducha.
Kiedy tax teskni wzdycha
i place: Wiosko ty moja,
kiedyz Gle zobacze!..." gdy
dniem za}osna i za}osna noca
prosi Maryi, by szta jej Z
pomoca, gdyz jej teskneta tax
spali}a dusze, re wysch}a, jake
trawa W letnia SUSIE. Pan
Jezus Matce swojej czyniac
gwoli, da} zmilowanie dziewce
W jej niedoli i W ptaszka
zmieni} dziewczyne steskniena,
by ma rodziny pofrunela }ono.
l dziewcze chmurne ro1jas-
milo cz6}ko. DO polecia}o W
sve strony jask6lka.
Pod swoja strzecha gniazdo
ulepi}o i Gale lato z rodzlcaml
byio, a starry nawet ME
wiedzieli o tenn, re maja c6rke
prey sobie z powrotem i Re to
ona W gniazdeczku malehkim
Gwierka tax do Mich codzieh
mad okienkiem.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31
LlsTOWNlk
POISKO

Podrecznsk
zaw,eraj9cy:
Nauke pisania list6w / gotows
IVORY list6w,
" wszystkich prz7padkach twas,
szczegokaie zas:6ssuany do
uzytku i wykodv Polakow y
AmerJce.
CENA 20 q
mocnej oprawie IS O
Mama te ksiq&A< dostat 20 hit-
oorui II. DERD0HSKZEGO .
W,nona, MINI
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31
OWENBZOWANTA
ma wsze'kie przygcdy.



powlnszowab dia rodxic6w, vod1eA-
silva, nauczycreIi, przylacids. DO
brodziei it. d.
)ako tel wiereze
na WesOfa. isniennfkoW
dla kochaB kow,
zebral j pcmnszyi
z BaicelnIetszych autor6W
|OZEF
a~auczyciel PREY szkole r~eaInej !.
Eredn,ei " BydgoszczY.
20 e.
T. dostaf u k1f-
'SKIE40
str
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31

w chacie z przvbyciem
wedrownej jaskolki, jakby sic
szczeScie wraz z MIA zagniez-
dzi}o, przyr6sf dobYtek,
zapas6w przyby}o pe}ne
skrzynie, pe}ne by}y p6}ki i
drugi spichlerz rodzic jej
wystawi}, DO pray jask6}ce
Pan Bog blogos}awi}.
Vice ludzie ma wsi, widzac
take dziwo, poczeli Boga
prosic najgoreciej, ably i'm
przes}a} takich ptaszat wiece),
co wnosza z soha dole tax
szczeSliwa i Bog wys}uchal "a
Maryi rada; przys}a} ma wiosne
ptaszat Gale stado i odtad W
siolach i w miastach wokolo
pelno jask6lek fruwa dis
wesolo.
A owa pierwsza branka
uskrzydlona pod oic6w stree
cha pzepedza}a lato, lecz ma
jesieni Bog jej kaza} "a to
powracat W jasyr zn6w droga
powietrzna, azeby by}a i tam
uzyteczna, kedy cierpia}a
kedy s}uzy}a.
pI ACIC "a WIARI1CAl
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31
Ratunek ratonych piOru'
mem.

Amerykanski uczony, elektro-
technik Burton podaje nowy, a
Jak powiada sztuczny spos6b
ratowanla razonych piorunem przez
polewanie ich Emma woda. Ma do
w6d tego przYtacza, il pewlen
robotnik " Maiden W stanie Massa
chusset otrzYma} uderzenie elek-
tryczne z napiec'em 54o0 volt,
peczem pad} Jak martwy / nawet
przez lekarzy zostat uznanY "a
niezywego. U}ozono 60 natych-
Mast pa wilgotnei murawle i
poczeto zlewac zimna woda. Juz
DO godzlnie dat on p1erwszy znak
zycla, a pc czterech godzinach
otworzy} oc2y i, pocza} movie. Ma,
stepnie przyszed} zupe}nie do sieble
i opowlada{, re PREY uderzenlu
stracit zupelnle czucie, ale lezac
ma mokrej msrawie. pocza} ]e dose
predko odzyskiwac. Prey uderzeniu
m,a} uczucle, jakby tyslace ig'ei
wpadio do jego cia4a zahamowalo
d~zia}alnosc serca. Dziatalnosc ia
byfaby ma zawsze ustala- powiada
Burton, - gdyby ME stepnlowe
odprowadzan1e eIektrycznoscl PRIV
pomocy wilgoci. Welding jego
mn,emania, kazdy re straconych
"a pomoca stolka elektrycznego
zbrodniarzy m6giby bye prsywr6-
cory do 4ycia W ciagu kilku go.
dzin, gdyby cia}o lego, zaraz pc
%uderzenlu, %roz1ozono ma mo-
krej zlemi / obfcie zlewano zim.
ma woda, v6wczas bowiem eagle
wychodzilbY z nlego fluid" elek-
tryczny.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31

kslaZkl &c nabozei-
silva
Dziecle DO B0ga....... 40
Dz'ecie do Boga - 0 .iotemi brIo
what a~iewinnosci ola dzieci polG-
kicb W Ameryce.
.K.ia4cczkt" do nabo&ehstwa dla
mtodzlcky, sfocone brzegi, zfooe.
ny tytulik, potsk6rek .ytuli.
KEN IJ6sefa Chocjszew ,Rlego1
Ga sama ksa4eczka oprawna Y
skorks & obrazkiem.........95
ia III ,Ksiafeczka do naboteh-
.twa ola mtodz'styn ekucien
zameczkiem....~. .~-.-.1 rs
Ia sama oprawna " kos6 sfoniowa,
albo " aksamit. .........l rs
> Ola oresigc b.
ANIGb sTROz op1awny " oxork@
zfocnne brzeg Loo
Ani6+ Str6a,~ oprawny "
skdrxe, !" :n'De brzesi, z okucie1n,
xafnerzE'-11 zfotym tytuliklem
ANlOb s1Kuz opra@ny " KoId
Eonlowa Tub W aksamlt... 800
LEOTY OhTARZYK, mocno Q.
prawny ze ztoconyu tytulikism
RYBOREK opraw. " pf6tno $0.4o
%zfocone brzegi, skorka O.s0
zokuc,em i z~ameczkiem LOO
- OETARZYK POLSKI -.
70 zfoconemi brzegami LAO
70 sprzaczka Z okuciem SOC
DUNN opraw. " skork. l.bo
xfocone orzegi LIS
ze >sprzaczka 800
Ogr6dek D b Y, Q.
prawny W sk6rke, ziocone brze.
ri, z obrazkaEi na ok{adce, E1s,
conym tytulikiem $3.50
: Ia sama ksia1ka zameczkien
okueieu.
wiape ks M.ryi op.. y
81 orkn. l.1S
Wianek Maryi, a}ocony
otulik i z1oc- brzsgi~ lie
Nianel q >ryk z}osoae
'rsegi> ti'> 'ka -
GATEKI3A ~RzYASKO-KAT0
LICK tn''y >...-.-... 8
- " n:r"~ onrav,.......5E
kATEHiZN KZYMsKO-R
L1CK1 q, 4kszy) " mocnej ..
praW
0ZIEJE STAREGO l NOWEGO
TE>TANENTU, " nocnoj o.
prsw,- th.Larbego)..... 40
0zIkJE NARODU POLSKIEGO
ELFMENTARZ POLSKI, J6zefa
C!t'oc'sze ~sklego........... rs
eOSREpNIK POLSKO : AN.
GItL5kI - czyli lslatka do
nauSi !ezyka a~ng'etskiego IS
zb'6r Pisanl ola szk6' pot
tk'ch " Ameryce. ufo&yi byiy \.
lczyrieI W Chicago Francisco
2abka
; ramatv Psjsks utoto
Oh przez T-oi'zege Sisrocihskie.
go, pr'fesora Jezyka polsxi-go ,
%!'tcraunrY. Drukowana Ola szkA
t"l~kiah y Ameryce : wydani,
ulynastrge, " mocnej oprawis
8 lementarsAM a3y CYL
P'erwsza Eauka CzYtanis, Piss
Aia Rachowaaia, pres W. Dy~
w mocnej eprawis........12
9ISTORYA STANUW IEDNQ
CZONYCH.s .............75
OF oenowefy, powiesd
moEhlna bardzo, wzruszajaca Is
star~&ytnych czasow.......30
- ta san,a " mocnei oprawle u
zfoconym tytulik:en so
3 eles4aw czyii Daisy Gag &c.
novtfy; tfomaczenie przez ks
ta sama " mocnei oprss,s
.......-..
Listcwnik Polsso.AmerykaA
XII. P~odrscznIr 1tw!ersiacy,
Hauks pisania l:sto~ ! gotcwe
wssryeiist6w, v wszJstRich t.rIr'
psdkach 4YcaE.
Nowych Ksiazek
prowadzi}a codopiero z Europy
%ksiegarnia FL ieronim q D er
dowsk1ego " Winonis, >
mianowicie
], Clio h e G hrze~
&cia 8 a ksi44ka do
nabozenstva ola katoliktN.
CIV 6licznej sioconej , wy
~taczanei ci1adce oraz re
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31

POLECA SIZE
DZANOWNEJ PUBLICZNO$C
vsxystkim ~iarusom Polouusss
" Amerycs
NOVA BSIEGlRNli
II. DERDOwsKIEGo
Winona MINI
Neina sprswsdzi6 Cd D.rdsw
skiego katda ksia4ke polskA, jak.
wsgole istniojs " Ameryss, pfasas
gstowk3.
Poniiej wymienia.y nisktirs
ksiatki, jakie naszs ksj>garlia NJ
"a sprzedn4:
Ksiazki szkolnei tres
CT %naukoWel.
nEslAC MAJ P.iwi,oony se.
gar"dzicy 80
tfACZ l N~ARZEKANIE o..
COW SWIETYCH........3s
aOZANIEC ZYWY.........2 20
spiownik K oioislny dl.
uzvtku wiernych zebrai <. Bern.
Ruchnlewicz. " mocnej opraw,s
ksiazki powieSciowe
matte lnns.
TESLA MENT P1OTRA WEI.
klEGO, czyli zami ~ Mesk.ll
za ~~o;s~"nlT cat-go -v'at....5
OPOW1ADANYA -sTAREaO
D .iApKA... ..... ,.....7A
ElSTORYA o sAaehetae, pick.
neg Meluzynis.. 80
EONSTYTUCYA sTANvF ZJH
DNOCZONYCH...... 10.
ks1AlKA PUNKTOEARTA.lo
WEGLARZ 2 WALEfCYI. Pre-,
Autor& jaskini Beatusa j KoS&y
ia 80
& onstytuoyas Aaja 10
Prze & p i K do plaania Iisto~
mifoanv"h oras %tyczaeycb sig "ts
nienia ,s.aB4tp6itcia.
0b ren jw. Czqstechowy, 10
TAXA plerxW iarusa,pe1ies
obyczajowa przes Jozefa : nae
Obry 80
2inal dc r inali D i,sfawny do,
w@dzca rozbojnik6w XVIII vie,
gu
" nocnej sprawie 80 siseonyn
tvt1llklen ....'--...-..--.B1
Sos s,eroty ozyl, pow1s.
wystawiajaoa zgroze nieludzkosc'
nog44c z2v;@,l. dotkliwos6 Ne
.lzy, ~skn,=czno<c WARY i cn6t
vzo,,woe: 1.ifc> s-dzj. ; szczo-
drob!iu.=o o1,a1ra :nGc: przez ks
A. P"ko,>kiego...
Pow K, i>oi=k 9 przea
Fr. hr. ehasika. Zawiera: l
Wyrra~s kuiaw.ta, 3 Hulanr
ka W sadie, 81 Lnka>s Stempel
y Dwie S,'.,ry, 81 Przewoznl
g. Jep'sc Wojenny, y Jan
czuh. 9 Mundnr, 81 Kruk 30
& .. A. & o d ecai Przeo
Pauline y, Ubrobc. Xlass
tern Cz7stochowsk'ego...... Is
s 6 hatersks r odsina,u
rywek Eowsrania 1893 :, ida
rze,,ie p:awdEve< opisa~ "
Czaplick,.... ..-. Ills
Powrot-, " o aczk i, 20
wiastka Z cxa>t~ powstania rs
deuszs kosclas.ki. .....-.. Is
Konfe Be7scy n
Sybirze, Pc~'est naE"sana pre-
Z. [ K P......... .......25
Irzej w edrow =. Chnet
clanin. Zyd i Tnrek, czyli kt
" Bogu p"ssada I%auf2nie. o ten
ma tenze oj,.,wskle .1aranie. re
wiese natiey pnwahla J poncza
iaca prze4 To,na.la Wlsniewskis
zgt Wleczny Tufacz
~J-rdzalem imlei3leIn Ahaseveru'
K1dry now. &c %v4 pred {,
k7zszowsnaem Chrystcsa Pan;
przez NszechEocncst Bog
t~eezcze do dzl@lejszeeo dnia ssf
u ..-...-.. --...-....-A IL
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1895-10-31
NoWych Ksiazek


prowadzi}a codopiero Europy
ksiegarnia FL N q D er
dowsklego " WinoKie,
mianowicie
!, Clio h E G hrze~
tcianska, ksiaika do
~nabozenstva ola katoliktN.
CIV 6licznej %zioconej Wy
tlaczanei c1ladce oraz re
.}oconym brzegiem sl.X
.. Bog nsdzie1a s.
SEA, ksiazka do nabozeh.
silva, ". :akiej samej kosz-
towne} oprawle l.N
8. B adz<-W ola Two
q, modlitwy / rozmys:a-
uia rs wszys.xie uroczy-
stosci koseielne l Ia wszeI.
kie o~kol1cznoscl zycia, v
drog,ej oprawle Isl
Ksiszka do nabo-
tehstwa Dunina (w
ma wspanialszej oprawie.
bex okucla) 2.U
{. Aniat s.tdk, opraw-
nv W sk,srs 86can&
The oasis., 1895-09-07

J. A. NAUGLE, Asst Gen Manager.
The oasis., 1895-09-07
MINING NE w S.

minion Copper Co.,, atGlobe, is now on the way, and an early resumption of work is now confidently predicted.
 In the Bauer mine, in Cochise coun- ty, one day last week, lucky blast broke through what was supposed casing of the vein, exposing an unex- pected body of very rich ore.
 The mine of T. D. Morris near Fort Grant is yielding remarkably well. A large shipment of concentrates recent ly yielded handsome results. and an enlargement of the mill is projected
 The Copper Creek mines in Yayapai county are about to be systematically developed. Their ores carry a heavy per centage in copper, and it is be- lieyed the property will prove very valuable.
 Lake copper is no longer regarded as the standard. On account of i'm proved methods of it's production by a sort of Bessemer process. Arizona copper or the Bisbee product brings slightly better figures than Lake cop per.
 At the Planet-Saturn camp in Ya- yapai county, twenty-five men are working on a wagon road. Alta depth of 100 feet in the mine five foot ledge of slsO sulphuret ore is exposed. It is proposed to sink three shafts of 600 feet each.
 Some very handsome gold rock from Jos. Dougherty's and Fred Smiths New York mine, located few miles west of Prescott, was taken into that town last week The ore gave an average assay of s45 per ton gold. The mine is being work under lease.
 Monday the new r0aSter c. the Cop per Queen Co.,, at Bisbee, was put in- to operation, aud is reported very successful. It gave additional req son for the erection of the big chimney and pine now being erected to carry the sulphur fumes away from the town.
 The Husted mine, in the Hassa- yampa district, owned by Husted and Golf, was recently sold to Messrs. Bash ford and Keating for the snug little sum of Sl5,OOO. The mine is on the same ledge with the Jersey Lillie and bids fair to develop into good pro- ducer.
 Eugene Desty has discovered an inn mense placer deposit several miles be- low Fort Mohave. It is said that any one can make from three to ten dol lars per day with rocker. The gold is heavy and easily saved. From the head waters of the Colorado to the Gulf of California gold is found in paying quantities.
 The Los Angeles Times correspon- dent at Jerome, Arizona, writes that the United Verde Copper Mining Co.,, one of the largest copper companiesin the world, is seriously contemplating the advisability of taking advantage of the cheap petroleum furnished by the Los Angeles wells and changing their fire boxes so as to use it for fuel instead of coal.
 B. r. Pascoe has entered into a con- tract with the Old Dominion Copper Mining x Smelling company of Globe to run their saw mill on Pnal noun tain, and went up on Tuesday with a crew to put everything in shape for immediate work. He expects to start the mill next Tuesday. T. II. Harris, an experienced sawyer, will have charge. Only mining timbers and lumber needed by the company will be
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-15
necessary says the St. Louis Post-Dis-

necessary, says the ST. Louis Post-Dis-
patch.
The motor has driving capacity of
four horsepower and is what is usually
termed gasoline motor. 1t is compactly
located in the box of the body, weighs 100
pounds, and is of an improved type. double
cylinder and self-regulating as to work
required. Peculiar and ingenious devices
are employed in the mixture of gasoline
with air to produce the proper quality of
gas, only small drop of gasoline being
used at one time. The gas so produced
comes in contact with an electric spark,
thereby producing an expansion of the air
in the cylinder, which is already very
much compressed by the action of the
piston.
The cost of running this carriage is one
fourth of a cent mile. A supply can be
carried sufficient for $50 miles and can
readily be replenished at any town en-
route.
The motor has proved entirely reliable,
having been run several weeks on test,
and shows no variation in power or speed.
1t is simple, will cost but little to run and
is applicable to business as well as pleasure
PURPOSES.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-15

All of these figures are based on the old
rates before cutting began. The fire in
surance losses on the Pacific Coast for the
past three years as reported by the COM
panles were as follows: 1892, 81, 300, 900;
1898, S., SAC, 1893; 1894, S., 1856 3S2.
In 1898 the fire losses in the United
States were $780,, 900, and in 1894 SAL
600, 900.
The loss ratios in San Francisco have not
been given in detail by the companies. but
comparison of their City premiums, as
reported to the treasurer of the Under
writer's Fire Patrol with the City losses
reported by them monthly, establishes the
fact that the proportion of losses to City
premiums for the past twenty years has
been low. On the other hand, the proper
ton of expenses has been high. In view
OF these figures it will readily be under
stood why there has been an active compe-
tition for City business, especially bv com
panies willing to plunge heavily and take
the chances of great fire.
California business rs whole at the old
rates has been profitable but the profits
have been made in certain localities. for in
some parts of the State the annual losses
and expenses have always exceeded the in
come.
Carefully considering the lessons of the
past, and reasoning as closely as possible
from cause to effect, an impartial observer
might reasonably predict the future of fire
insurance on the Pacific Coast on the fol-
lowing general outline:
1t is probable that all general agents
eventually will be placed on a salaried
basis with a moderate contingent COM
mission on theprofts, if any
The expenses of management will be re-
duced.
A compact system, as complex as that of
the late Pacific Insurance Union, will per-
haps never again be in force on this coast.
There will always be a Board of Fire
Underwriters, and in time fair rates will be
maintained, but the assistance of special
agents and local agents will be more relied
on and 1T is likely that at many points the
rates will be adjusted by committee
chosen by the agents themselves.
In view of the conhagration hazard in
San francisco which exists, notwithstand-
ing its immunity from big fires. rates must
be maintained on a higher basis than pre-
vailed during the height of the rate war.
but they will not range as high as before
until the long-expected great confederation
comes. After that the public sentiment
will change, as it did in Chicago and Bos-
ton.
More of the smaller companies will prob
ably withdraw and there will be further
changes OF management There will be
survival of the fttest and the insurance
public eventually will seek the solid COM
panies and be willing to pay fair rate.
Rates will be put on an equitable basis
and the unreasonable expenses that have
been incurred in getting business at ia
vored point. will be reduced to a mini
mum, for only in that way can rates be
made lower and still leave fair margin of
profit for the companies.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-15
ANOTHER HORsELESs VEHICLE,
Now in Use in Massachusetts, and
Makes Sixteen Miles an Hour

The latest and apparently most practical
self-propelling vehicle yet produced in
this country has just been perfected at
Springfield, Mass, after three years OF
experimentation. This improved motor
carriage is daily traversing the roadways of
Western Massachusetts. The total weight
is 600 pounds. The wheels are rubber tired,
and run on ball bearings. The front wheels
turn on their own pivot located in the
hub the axle being firmly held by the side
bars. The lever in front wholly controls
the carriage. The lateral movement turns
the wheels. the vertical starts and stops
the vehicle, changes its rate of speed and
also reverses its movement driving it
backward when desired. The lever con-
nectlons all have ball Joints which can
never become loose and cause lost motion,
A brake drum of peculiar construction is
placed under the seat and connected with
thumb-button located at the front corner
OF the seat. BY pressing the thumb upon
TINS button the carriage if running twelve
mlies an hour can be stopped within dis
tance of four feet.
The variable speed ranges from three to
sixteen miles an hour, the normal rates
being three, six and ten miles, To obtain
THESE dlfferent rates the motor does not
change its speed. The increase is made in
the gearing. which is alternately rawhide
ana iron and runs quite still. To obtain a
greater speed than ten miles an hour the
pressing OF the button at the front of the
seat will increase the speed of the motor.
Inc mechanism runs upon bail bearings
wherever possible, and otherwise metallic
bearings are used, rendering oiling I'M
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-15

against the Pacific Insurance Union, under
cover of which the Phoenix and Home
profited, and while the companies were
waiting for judicial decision reaped g.
harvest of business at cut rates.
1t was evident that a rate war was in
evitable. And still the companies tenn
ported, hoping to prevent general demon
alization, and all this time the outside
companies were profting by the delay and
working night and day to increase their
business under such favorable auspices.
Soon the fight became fast and furious.
Heavy discounts were made in such favored
localities as San Francisco, Oakland, San
Jose, Sacramento and Los Angeles, and the
curious spectacle was presented of a gen.
eral hunting up of the assured and the pres
entatlon to him of more or less cash in hand
as return premium, in consideration of
which nothing was asked but his signature
to receipt containing a non cancellation
clause.
The situation at present is as follows:
Outside of California rate-cutting and re-
batting have not been extensive, and COM
pact offices are now in operation at Port
land, Seattle, Tacoma and Salt Lake City.
The Board of Fire Underwriters of the
Pacific has succeeded the Pacific 1nsur-
ance Union; the inspection bureau has
been discontinued and the entire force of
the head office of the compact in this City
has been retired. The fire patrol is still in
existence, and doubtless will be main
tanned. Local boards are controlling the
business at most of the principal towns on
the coast, and the local agent is at last
recognized as an important and indepen-
dent factor in the business.
No business can endure long if its income
does not equal its outgo, but the point
that is not clearly understood by the public
is whether the income from the reduced
rates is going to be sufficient to meet the
losses and necessary expenses. Assuming
that figures cannot lie, and presuming that
the larger companies will surely pay all
Just losses, whether the premium income
from the coast business shows an excess or
a deficit, study of the returns made by
the companies shows these important
facts:
The coast premiums passing through
San Francisco general agencies in 1894 were
81, 100000 less than in 1893. The California
premiums were $450,00O less. The San
Francisco premiums were Sill, 900 less
The average loss ratio was about so per
cent of the premiums. In the territory
outside of California the average loss ratio
was so per cent. The coast figures of a few
OF the Offices include business from Colo
rado New Mexico, Wyoming. British Col
umbia and the Sandwich Islands.
The total net premiums from coast bust
ness in 1894 amounted to $10,474,057.
The business was divided among three
classes of companies last year as follows:
California companies
premiums 023, 421
Losses 507,44S
Ratio of losses to premiums, 1915 per cent.
Companies Of other States
T6ssas
Ratio of losses TO premiums, SO per cent.
Foreign companies
Premiums $50, 6e5
Losses ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 2,735,747
Ra 10 OF losses to premiums, 49.4 per cent.
The total by States in 1894 were as fol-