The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-08-05
COTTON OILS MANY USES.
SAVANNAH 4 PROFITABLE FIELD
FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.

ter Tor EuckAmk SArutncss rs a Luz
bricant, for Making Varnish and
Paint and for "A Dozen other
Things.
The oil industry. as far as it has been
carried on in Savannah. has been one Of
the city's most successful and paying in
dustries. While the production OF crude
oils is profitable. the bulk OF the profit
goes TO the rehner, the varnish maker and
the manufacturer Of refined lard or but
terine.
There is seemingly no reason why at
least some of those manufacturing enter
prises. whose success is. to some extent.
based on a cheap and abundant supply Of
crude cotton seed oil, could not be carried
on in Savannah as cheaply, il not cheap
er. as anywhere. Cotton seed oil is classed
as a semi-drying oil. 1t is well adapted
for food, as well as for a paint oil, and
as a raw material for varnish and rubber.
1t consists Of the glyceriaes of lerioleic,
oleic and palmitinic acids. The palmitin
congeals at a temperature of degrees F.,
while the Olin and limolim only CONCEAL
below the freezing point of water. Based
on this fact, is the manufacture of 50
called refined lard. The crude oil is cool
ed TO the proper temperature and the con-
gealed palmitin is separated on a filter
press. 1t is then beached and refined and
forms the basis of all refined lard COM
pounds 1t is usually mixed with inferior
hog grease, boiled out from the entrails
and other refuse from pork packing. In
order to harden this soft mass, tallow
as wei ground beef and pork bones are
added in many instances.
Although there Is nothing in refined
lard that is positively injurious or I'M
wholesome, the whole is a vile mixture
and one OF the worst food adulterations
in existence. 1t is disgusting. both In odor
and taste, and is the cause of numberless
cases of dyspepsia and ruined stomachs.
The oil, deprived OF its palmitin, is
known in commerce as summer oil, after
it has been refined and bleached.
There are several methods or refining
The usual method is to boil the oil with
a weak caustic soda I've, resulting in par
tial sapnihcation. The soap as it is
formed settles around the particles of
colorng matter, which are carried to the
bottom, and the bleached oil is sepa-
rated by decantation and only needs ill
tering to become an excellent and pure
food product IN every respect superior to
the so-called refined lard
BY another process the summer oil is
mixed with a small percentage of cop
peras or spirits of turpentine and is then
exposed in shallow glass-cOVered vases TO
the rays of the sun. This process is SLOW
but the loss of oil in refining is much less
There is still another method of refining
the oil. one per cent. of sulphuric acid
and water are mixed with oil. Heat as
well as violent agitation are then applied.
The quantity of sulphuric acid employed
is not sufficient to attack the oil, while 1t
chars the impurities. This process is both
quick and cheap, but it is very difficult
to remove the traces of sulphuric acid
from the OIL which cannot he used with
impunity as a food.
A plant to refine oil is not very expen-
sive. Ten thousand dollars would be
ample for a start. 1t requires. however, a
competent chemist, with "a special techni-
cal training in this branch.
The profits derived from refining are
large. The palmitin, as well as the sum-
mer oil, can be sold in unlimited Quanti-
ties. The summer oil is used as sLch for
culinary purposes; it is also used as a
table oil, for the manufacture of artificial
butter, for packing sardines as a lubri-
cant and for great number Of other
technical purposes.
To manufacture cotton seed oil into a
varnish or a paint oil, the crude oil is
treated in n ny simple apparatus, that
causes a hot air blast to be driven
through the oil. According to the
temperature of the heated air aad to the
length of time employed, boiled oil, var
nish or rubber are produced.
The profit in this business is very large,
and a large bulk of oil can be handled at
little expense.
The greater portion of the linseed oil
s-
seed oil more or less adulterated with
cheap rosin oil.
An establishment that would prepare
cotton seed oil for the paint trade, and
that would honestly sell boiled cotton seed
oil as such on its own merits would pay
handsomely in Savannah, as boiled cotton
seed oil is really as meritorious and as
good an article as boiled lnseed oil 1t is
bound to be appreciated sooner or later
Wherever cheap paint oil can be OBJ
tanned in large quantities the manufacture
of paint become not alone possible, but
also practicable and profitable, if there
is a market for the finished product.
Besides the oil a pigment is required
which can be had in Savannah, as the
sulphuric acid chambers consuming py-
rates, as a source of sulphur waste large
amounts of peroxide of iron, which is the
very best pigment for metallic paints,
which are used in enormous quantities
by the great railway systems and their
immense properties This metallic paint is
also largely used as a roof paint for which
1t is well adapted
The south has also a number of paint
pigment mines. There are several ochre,
whiting and cavline mines both in Geor-
gia and in Florida, there are also several
baryta mines. Baryta is extensively used
as a substitute of white lead and when
ground in oil with some whiting IL forms
a very cheap and serviceable white paint
Cotton seed oil, pale resins and spirits
of turpentine are all the raw materials
necessary for the manufacture of common
varnish, which certainly can be manufac-
tured cheap in Savannah as the raw ma
terial is found to be cheap, as Savannah
is the largest naval store market in the
world. Large sums of money are sent off
from the south to pay for paint, which
can be manufactured here to excellent ad-
vantage and at a lesser cost.