Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-02-27
THE DAIRY CONGRESS
The Possibilities Open to Dairymen
in the South.
TEE FIGHT AGAINST 0LEO FRAUDS
Inspection Of Dairy Exports Con-
sidered and Urged.
VISITING SPEAKER CRISP
FHE FIGHT AGAINST 0LEO FRAUDS
VISITING SPEAKER CRISP

VISITING SPEAKER CRISP
The national dairy congress continued its
sessions today at Wizards. Mr.. R. B.
Chaffin of Richmond, who is known as one
Of the largest dairymen in Virginia, pre-
scented paper showing what the dairyman
could do in Virginia. Mr.. Chaffin said:
II have visited the greater portion Of the
United States, and no section Of our great
country can boast of so many large streams
with innumerable small springs. In fact,
in the greater portion of Virginia SO well
is she watered and timbered that In nearly
every field in most Of the state spring
branches can be found. Our climate Is
such that three crops can be raised on an
acre in one year. I make this statement
to our northern and western dairymen,
knowing that they will question such a
statement, lat stand ready to prove it.
Commenced Small.
Twelve years ago commenced dairy
ing with two cows, thinking 1t best to feel
my way cautiously. Though born a far
mer, the war and other business pursuits
have taken much of my early manhood
time up to within twelve years. My farm,
Chatsworth, is well located, in sight of
Richmond city, three miles off, and COM
prises 575 acres; only about 400 acres in
cultivation. First I made butter, selling to
our rich citizens at 40 cents per pound,
from time to time increasing my herd, I'M
til found it difficult at all times to hire a
reliable buttermaker to make uniform but
ter to command the highest prices. Being
so near our city, 1 turned my attention
first to the retailing of milk, but my desire
to increase my number of mich COWS to
300 gave me so much milk that I found the
time consumed in locking after a retail
milk business interfered with my other
duties, SO contracted to sell milk at whole
sale. getting is cents per gallon for six
mouths for 800 gallons Of milk per day, 10
cents per gallon for my surplus for six
months and II cents per gallon for six
months, not to exceed $40 gallons per day.
How He Does 1t.
Now as to how three crops are raised
on an acre in twelve months. April / cut
either rye or German clover; the land is
now rich from top-dressing through win
ter. A three-horse pillow is used to break
UP the land to the depth of twelve inches.
and the disc harrows are Immediately used
to prepare the land as fine as garden.
Corn Is then planted and worked level with
a riding disc cultivator. The corn is re-
moved In July for soiling and August and
September for silo. The land being level,
can easily be cultivated for rye or Ger
man clover. I then sow. while the land is
freshly prepared, turnips, about three
quarters of a pound of seed per acre.
broadcast with rye or German clover and
apply the roller In our climate We get
large crops of turnips seeded from July to
the 18th of September, thus getting three
crops from one acre in twelve months.
find soiling more profitable than grazing,
Ior cattle, by walking over the fields in
wet weather, do much damage, to say
nothing of the general waste of manure. I
am now carrying nearly 500 head of cows,
heifers' calves. work mules, brood
acres of cultivated land, but only by
soiiing can this be done. Labor is cheap in
the sunny south, and our people will well
come our northern and western friends to
regardless of politics or religion, where the
farmer can do outdoor work practically
twelve months in the year. without being
frozen In winter or burnt up in summer"
Milk Supply I'm Large Cities.
George M. Whitaker, editor of the New
England Farmer and dairy commissioner of
Massachusetts,. read paper on the milk
supply of large cities. He claimed that the
sale milk industry does not receive proper
attention in tabulation Of dairy statistics,
largely because milk does not go into the
Ordinary channels of commerce, but, being
perishable article, is in the hands of the
consumer within forty-eight hours or less
from the time of production. But the bus
mess is Of immense proportions The
lion OF people, consumes annually, by close
estimation, S2,00O,000 quarts of milk. This
nets the farmers on an average nearly S.
OOO,O0O. This ratio applied to New York,
Chicago, Philadelphia and Boston makes
the sale milk industry of these cities and
their surroundings SIS, 5O0,0OO For the 81,
100000 Of people who live in these and
other cities we have an industry amounting
to -$SS COG, GOO. This makes no account of
the thousands of large towns of the nation.
This makes the sale milk industry of the
country more important than the cheese
business, and probably not far behind the
butter industry.
An important consideration in the milk
business is the quality of the milk. The
ideal way of selling milk would be on quail
ity, high-grade milk commanding higher
price. This is not always practical, and
many states have an arbitrary statute
standard. Massachusetts, has by law a 10
per cent standard, which keeps out of the
market large quantities of water and low
grade milk and prevents 1t from competing
with the better milk. This law gives con-
sumers more confidence in the quality of
what they buy and stimulates consumption.
The care of milk at the farm requires
much attention. Milk drawn by clean men
in clean barn from clean cows into clean
utensils and then properly cooled will keep
much longer than other milk. Short-lived
milk Is usually filthy milk The sanitary
phase Of the question is also important
Milk is a medium for transmission of dis
ease germs. With the present tuberculosis
agitation this phase of the subject deserves
emphatic attention. The speaker conclud-
ed with a description of the methods Of
doing the milk business In Boston, where
it is bought of middlemen, who transport
1t long distances in especial refrigerator
cars and sell it in the city to peddlers
Brief allusion was also made to the vary
ing customs of different cities in the regu-
lating of the sale of skim milk.
Mr.. Wing of Georgia read paper show
Ing the natural advantages Of his state for
the dairy business. With warm winters
many springs, cool summers, three forage
crops year, the opportunity was the best
he had seen anywhere.
Against Impure Dairy Products.
Congressman Grant made brief speech
to the congress on the need of support
from dairymen for the oleomargarine bill
now pending in Congress. He asked the
congress to call on Speaker Crisp in q
body and urge him to give the bill its
chance this session. Mr.. Wing of Georgia
was asked to head the congress in call
on the Speaker during the day, and the
following resolution was adopted unani-
mously: 1--WE, the delegates from the vari-
GUS states to the national dairy congress, in
1ad hain