davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-02-15
FASHION LETTER.

a~euten Seaso Iancies Evolution of the
Fashi-nahlc sleeve 1siack Lace ." Dec.
crate spring tapes m New Fabrics for
Spring suits
Especial New York Correspondence.
Fashion affect few decidedly new
revolutions in these latter days. Tho
new slightly-draped skirt and the pref
~ Jacket bodice are but graceful
spring notifications az the severely
plain skirt aud ,hrec-quarter coat OK
the winter. The skirt gradually grew
more daring and then took on q
little conceits in the way of being
caught up, or opcned up the left side
to show a bit Of contrasting color be-
meath. and has SO developed into more
decided broken lines. the designers en-
deavoring torelieve the monotony ofthe
severe skirt. Among other fancies are
models made ready for the Lentcn sea-
son. these formed Of the highly popu-
lar black crcpon, OF Of friar's gray.
camel's hair N creponette, the French
SIX irts consisting of four pieces, the
front and sides in one circular shape,
the back cut i'm three cores, forming
three godet plaits, the entire skirt OF
one length, just escaping the ground.
The shortened jacket has moderately
full sleeves, a deep Vandyke collarette
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10

The question as u whether thirseed-
ing or thick seeding OF grain is prefer
able cannotsbe determined by any gen
eral rule. Sometimes thin seeding
produces a full crop, especially il the
seed be sown early and the season be
such as to induce tiHing of the plant
But on very rich Land this makes Too
luxuriant a growth Of straw, which
falls down and makes the grain light
and shrunken. If the soil is very rich
it is better to sow the grain SO thickly
that the plants will slightly crowd each
other from the first. About the time
of heading the plants will draw SO
heavily on the soil for moisture that
each will check the growth of the
other, and all will stand up with we'll
filed heads of grain. But this heavy
seeding will be hard on clover or grass
seed, though not so much so as will the
fallen straw where the seeding has not
been so heavy.-Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
Swine in Large Numbers.

Where swine are kept in large num-
bers they are very likely to be confined
in very close quarters, with no regard
for cleanliness and pure air. One who
recently visited distillery where a
great lot of hogs We're kept to be fat
tened upon the waste products, gives a
description suggestive of the black
hole of Calcutta" The fetid atmos-
phere seemed to torture the swine, and
the visitor would have tainted but for
a speedy exit. This was an exceptional
condition, but in all eases where filth
is prevalent and the air infected there
must be more or less faint to the meat,
even if disease does not appear. But
hogs so developed are very liable to be
infested with some dangerous disease
and parasites, and those who eat them
as food do 50 with peril to health
The swine should be fed as pure food
as other animals, and all their condi-
tions recognize sanitary laws.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
Tho Proper Quantity to Feed.

The practice of examining hens with
wheat at every ration is the very way
not to get eggs. Too much wheat,
buckwheat or barley will go into fat
rather than eggs and fat is disease In
poultry. The morning mash should be
fed In long narrow trough about ~
inches wide, nailed to the side of the
house so that the hens cannot jump
into and soil the food. Feed only
enough soft food to satisfy, never so
much as togorge. When hen has had
so much food that she will 60 into q
corner and NOPE, she has had too
much, and If the overlooking is con-
tinued she will become too fat to lay.
II cut green bones are fed 1t should be
in the proportion of pound to every 10
hens. Iffed morning and night, small
feed of oats at noon and night Is all
that will be necessary. Experience
will teach the happy medium" In
feeding.-A. g. Gilbert, In Farm and
Home.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10

day, week and perhaps month w.s
faithfully watched for the cast. bpt oil
IN vain But in these days all enter.
prising bee-keepers can tell the verv
condition of the colony and whether
they are preparing to swarm within
elght days or not by simply OPENING
the hive An expert can tell bv oh.
serving the motion of the bees without
making an examination inside A.,
expert can also force the colony
TO cast swarm at his com.
mand without dividing. A COLONY
OF bees, in their normal cond;-
ton to cast a swarm, must con.
sist OF one good, prolific queen, from
sixty to eighty thousand workers and
few hundred drones. Next. There
must be continuous flow of nectar to
be gathered, and the bees must have n
daily gathering of honey and pollen Of
from one to five pounds. To brine ont
natural prime swarm it must continue
TOR ten to twenty days, as this is essen.
tlal for the queen . develop to her full
laying capacity. She must Law from
TWO to three thousand eggs daily for a
certain length of time to have the col.
ony in normal condition to east prime
swarm. Brood must be in all aces
from the egg to the maturing bees,
ana the queen must use all the comb in
the hive and all things must be favora-
BILE in the field. If all these things ex-
ist you may look for your bees to
swarm, but if they do not you do your
watching in vain.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
POULTRY HOUSE AND YARDS.

two 9xl3 six-light windows in south
side near center Of building. A half
dozen fiat stones can be used for foun-
aation set just even with surface so
as to allow stills just to clear the
ground. For floor use gravel or Gin
ders to the depth Of inches so as to
keep out all surface water in winter
and early spring. Cover gravel or
cinders with sand so as to make a
good smooth surface.
The roosts should be built on the
north side of inch boards cut into 4-inch
strips and should have the edges made
rounding and set fiat side down in
notcfes cut in brackets extending from
back side of coop. The perches are ~
feet above floor, and under them is
suspended a platform to receive the
droppings, which can be easily cleaned
every morning or twice week. The
floor of this house can be kept clean
by using common garden rake and
raking up all the droppings that may
be scattered during the day. Chickens
kept in this kind of house will not
IlNOHO lAlSll IbAllDS III lilC SCNCIGSl
weather, and with proper feed will lay
eggs all winter.
The material for this house complete
costs exclusive of floor and paint
about S12.
To build the yards connected with
the house set posts IL feet apart and
board up feet from the ground with
common rough Pinch boards; then
above that use pinch mesh poultry
netting Sc inches wide. This makes a
fence feet high and no fowl, except
some of the small breeds, will ever fly
over it. The boards at the bottom are
to keep the cocks from fighting through
the fence. If desired this house can
be used for breeding fowls to accom-
modate two yards of twelve fowls each
by running partition through the
center and having each yard connect
with one end of the house. The yards
should be rods wide and rods long
built the longest way north and south
with north end connecting with house
If large number of fowls are to be
kept, number of these houses can be
built along in a row, all facing the
south, far enough apart to admit of the
runs or yards being built three rods
wide. In this case tight fence car
north side to keep the cold wind from
the fowls-J. G. Brookings, in Breed
ers Gazette.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
When Selling Attractive Horses.

When you have matched up an at
tractive pair of horses. do not expect
the buyer to supply in his fancy the
appointments that make the pair
doubly attractive. Put well-ftting,
well-trimmed harness on them, and
harness them to q vehicle that will
show them to the best advantage. II
small, 1t would be the height Of folly
to harness such pair to high wagon,
and thus dwarf their size. A tasty
blackboard or low runabout wagon, or,
better yet, wagon with pneumatic
rim wheels, will make small pair look
much better, and the whole turnout
will be in harm ony.-Rural World
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
AMONG THE POULTRY.

RoosTs should not be over two feet
high from the floor.
THE goose does not usually prove to
be a good mother until the second
year.
THE cockerel should have good plain
food and not such food as to fatten
him.
THE males should always be kept
away from the hens until the breeding
season opens.
A PoULTRY-KEEPER has removed all
the roosts and furnishes clean straw
for bed for his hens. This is taken
out every day and the house swept.
He claims that thfs'is a preventive of
lice and promoter of egg-laying
WHEN eggs are high, some one rec
ommends that they be marketed lin
neat baskets holding a dozen. 1t is
claimed that the eggs will sell for
enough more to pay for the basket.
Appearances anquestionably have
much to do in selling an article
Farmers Voice.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10

Don't labor under the suppositiop
that because they do not get on you
when you go into the poultry house
that no lice are present. Pick up hen
and slowly and carefully look along
the neck and the top Of the head. and
the chances are you will find them,
and they will be large and easily seen.
The lice that travel over the poultry
house are very small red mites, but
those that you will find on the bodies
of the hens do not leave the birds at
all, but remain and multiply. If you
see single one, grease the necks of all
your hens, for, if one has them none
are exempt.-Colman Rural World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
The Lack of Lime In Grain.

While corn is food that has its mis-
sion in winter, it will do more harm
than good when continued steadily on
into spring. Wheat may be classed
with corn. These grains are good be-
cause they are concentrated, and en-
able the hens to eat enough from which
to derive their warmth, but though
they contain proportion of nitrogen
they are very deficient in the mineral
elements. There is less than pound
of lime in one thousand pounds OF
wheat, and if hen is compelled to sub
sist on grain entirely, how is 1t posi-
BILE for her to furnish eggs, which are
not only covered with shell OF lime,
but also contain within themselves the
substances that are changed into bone,
blood, flesh and fat-Farm and Fire
side.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10

Custom places the front of the poul-
tryhouse to face the south, yet the sun
does not send the heat into such houses
ia winter till quite late in the morn
ing. A poultry house should face the
southeast, and then the heat and light
will enter as soon as it rises, warming
the interior at time when the fowls
desire warmth the most, which is
when they first come off the roosts in
the morning. In the winter the sun is
in the south a greater portion of the
day, and hence, if the house faces
southeast, the fowls not only receive
warmth early, but the sunshine in the
house till about three o'clock in the
afternoon.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
MODERN HOG FEEDING.
1t Differs Widely from the Practice ir
Vogue for Centuries.

1t Differs Widely from the Practice In
Vogue for Centuries.
1t has been our experience, says F.
A. Harris IN the Massachusetts Plough
man, that the purer, fresher and sweet
err the food given to our hogs the bet
ter the result. We know that for ages
it has been taught by precept and ex-
ample that anything was good enough
for hog, and, as result, every hog
breeding country is losing thousands
of dollars annually through losses from
cholera and other diseases. 1t is high
time that the breeders and feeders
were beginning to comprehend that
success in hog raising can no longer be
obtained under the methods of long
ago. The hog of to-day has been so
bred as to enable it to turn the Inn
mense crops of grain into meat In the
shortest time, and at a profit to the
feeder. His digestive tract has been
reorganized, and its capacity to make
q hog has been reduced from two years
on grass, mast and corn, to eight
months on grain, grass and milk.
To do this the hog must retain a
healthy condition. Soured food, irreg-
ular meals and surplus of too strong
foods always tend to produce indiges-
ton and always eat away the profits
OF swine feeding. The hog should al
ways have the sweetest Of foods,
should be allowed to masticate at least
two meals day, should never be over.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
POULTRY HOUSE PLAN.
beginners Can Clean Much Valuable Ad-
vice from This Article

Beginners Can Clean Much Valuable Adj
vice from This Article.
Any OF your readers who NAV be in
tending to embark in the poultry
business this spring or those who con-
template building new houses and
Yards may perhaps be interested in
the following description of nv poul.
try house:
My runs are large enough to accom-
nodate from twenty to thirty hens.
In building house first select as high
location as you can get with suffi-
Client room for yards on south side of
house. Have if possible a south slope
to the ground. If good bluegrass
sod can be had to build yard on it is
better. The house is 7xl6 feet and :
feet high at front side and 4 feet at
back with shed roof, and can be built
OF 2x4's for frame, covered with com
mon rough or (if you desire to paint
dressed boards and battered on the
outside with planed or rough patterns.
Shingles are best to use for roof. as
tarred paper will blow off and does not
make lasting roof To make it warm
the house should be lined inside with
tarred paper and should have at least
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
MOVING THE POULTRY HOUSE.

The birds are quartered in it and
drawn to the field, where they are fed
once or twice in the house to accustom
them TO it. Then they are supplied
with plenty of water and turned upon
the stubble, changing them about to
fresh forage as often as they seem to
require new ground, to find sufficient
of the fallen grain, If the house be
built of half-inch matched boards, it
will be found light enough to be moved
easily, and will.prove quite saving in
feed from year to year. During the
winter months, when other more i'm
portant work is not pressing, time may
be put to good advantage by construct
ing such movable poultry house,
American Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
THE CITIZEN FREDERICK Md FRIDAY MORNING MAY TO- 1895

fed nor underfed. should have fresh
water at all times, should have shell
ter both winter and summer and a
good, warm, dry bed to rest and sleep
at will. The beds sh ould be kept as
clean and free from dust as possible,
should be cleaned as often as necessa.
~ and air-slaked lime put in each time
before putting in fresh bedding. We
sometimes use earbolie acid, but we
find lime cheaper and more lasting. We
also give our hogs the run of grass
lot when possible, for grass and exer.
Else are both essential to health.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10

May, it is found very useful, some
think Indispensable, toapply the actual
#lime to the soil.
II is not much of a job to make lime.
THE limestone may be put In a heap
with wood or coal, and a wall built up
Haround the heap to confine the heat
THE fuel being fired, the stone is made
into lime in three or four days But
this is costly way, and thus where
there is demand for the lime, kilns
are used, some temporary ones, but lit.
\ tie improved on the heaps, or clamps,
4 as they are called, and some strong
structures called permanent kilns of
which the cut is an example. This Is
made Of any kind of hard stone, and
lined with fire brick. 1t is egg-shaped,
because as the limestone is burned, and
the coal or wood used as fuel is con-
stunned, the bulk decreases, and thus
what win fill the belly of the kiln,
only fills the throat at the bottom
This kiln may have three or four
threats or openings for drawing out
the Line, but each is made in the way
shown. The lime w hen it reaches the
bottom being fully burned, is drawn
ont into the hearth a, through the
opening into the kiln, b. In burning
the stone is broken into convenient
size Tor handling, and way is made to
the top of the kiln, which is most often
built in bank. A small sloping track
is sometimes made to the top of the
kiln, and a platform around it, so that
the small cars of lime and fuel may be
drawn up and dumped into the kiln.
The fire is started in the bottom
by filling in dry wood; on this
is laid other wood, from the
throat, then more fuel, wood or coal
(the cheap slack being used, is dumped
In at the top, then some lime, and then
the kiln is full, when it is fired, and
goes on day after day as long as lime
Is required About the third day, the
lime is ready for raking out, which is
done with long iron bars with right
angled hook at the end. 1t is only
necessary to start it, when 1t fills the
hearth where it is left to cool. When
or if it lodges, the hook is used to
loosen it. After the kiln is first
charged, the stone sinks down steadily,
and as this is always to be kept heaped
at the mouth, as soon as it has sunk
down to a level, fresh supply is
heaped up. AS the fumes from the
kiln consist of carbonic acid, which Is
deadly gas when breathed, it is neces-
sary for the man in charge of feeding
the kiln, to keep on the windward side,
so that the gas is blown away from
him.-Rural New Yorker.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
Hogs in Clover Grow Fat.

Hogs running on clover are singular
ly free from disease, says the American
Agriculturist If a wind7proof shelter
is. given theS sows at narrowing time,
with plenty of clear water at.all times,
their care during the growing season
will not encroach on the farmers time
further than to irrigate the pasture
occasionally to keep the clover thrifty.
In the late fall feed on clover hay,
turnips, beets and little grain.
Large, rangy sows should be kept, as
they are the best grazers and mixers,
and should be bred to fine boned,
quick growing males. The mother
will insure the pigs good start and
the sire a>quick growth, so that they
may be finished with the least expense
for Grain.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
Horses Wanted for sausages.

The countenance of the American
horse, of late charged with gloom and
humility on account of the low price
at which he has been rated. may now
brighten again, as a new demand has
risen for him, this time in Germany,
for purposes of sausage, and his market
value has doubled within a compare
lively short period. 1t is notable that
while that country continually makes
objection to our cattle on the hoof and
otherwise, it interposes no obstacle
whatever to the admission of our
horses in any of their various ante or
post norton forms of export.-N. Y.
Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
TAMWORTH SWINE.
Short Description of the Modern Eng
lish Bacon Breed.

Short Description of the Modern Eng
lish Bacon Breed.
This breed is practically unknown in
this country. 1t is in every respect so
totally unlike the kind of hog which it
is the ambition of the American swine
breeder to produce that many will be
surprised to learn that the accompany
ing cut is an excellent illustration of
the type most popular among the Eng
fish, being considered a very fine speci-
men of the breed.
The explanation of their popularity
lies in their thin, long bodies which
supply great quantities of well-streaked
bacon, the inevitable dish at every Eng
fish breakfast table. Indeed, in the
production of this article they are
without a rival save the imp owed
iorkshires, which they greatly re-
semble in many ways.
In color the Tamworths are generally
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
ABOUT SWARMING.
This Part of Bookkeeping Has Boon Re.
duced to a Science.

HIS Fart of BeekeepiDg Has Boon Re-
duced to q Science.
All insects, as we'll as the animal
kingdom, says the Iowa Homestead,
nave some means Of reproducing3their
Ike, that their race may not be.
come extinct Nature and their in
stinct have taught them how, and the
Time OF season when all elements and
solar heat can assist them best. Per-
maps the wisest and most intelligent
OF insects is the honey bee. In mid
winter, when the mercury drops down
10 hfteen and twenty below zero, they
are making preparations to multiply
thelr race in wise and cunning way.
before the solar heat can assist them
wy begin, first by using only small
space OF comb, perhaps not larger in
diameter than a quarter dollar and not
containing more than fifty cells, and
.nen directly on the opposite side Of
the comb the same amount of eggs are
deposited. If the cluster is large
enough the opposite comb is used in
the same way. Now, after the eggs
are Matched into grubs and the temper
azure OF the hive will permit, the circle
WIZ be enlarged and perhaps an adjoin-
ing comb used. This process is con-
stantly repeated every twenty-one
uays' every time enlarging the circle.
ne queen is not SO particular when
tne days begin to warm up and the
solar heat can assist them. The entire
hive VIII soon be used to multiply their
number; but the population itself is not
suncient to divide themselves into col
1 U unless all things are favorable.
ihey will not divide themselves into
colonies, be they ever SO numerous. In
my grandfather's time the population
VI the colony was sure sign of thu
colony casting swarm, and many a
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
LIME KILN.
Not Cost Very Much to Build One

:. Not Cost Very Much to Build One
on the Farm.
n,stone is carbonate of lime, and
= he oxide of the metal calcium,
!, hos such an intense avidity for
~ tIat it takes fire and burns
in+ense heat and light when eX-
~ mir that is at all moist. Thus
~ora metal, and used only for
a;caI purposes. The great alum
& - If limestone, which is more or
4 5iHused everywhere in the soil,
IN nlaces is very abundant, being
4 ! IN vast beds of marble and other
r. II it. might lead to the SUPPOSE
/ mat plants might procure all they
1 ! vitbout any help. But it is quick
4 thew need, and not the inert car
A ne ~ it: and thus it is that the
H. is burned to drive out of it the
-honic acid, and make it into lime,
H. is an acrid, caustic substance
h exerts most energetic action on
orrauic matter; and considerable
|ion on mineral compounds in the
dissolving silica and thus setting
Z such plant foods as potash, mag
Eia soda and phosphoric acid from
Ioluble compounds. Limestone is in
|uble in water, but lime is soluble In
narts Of water. Thus it is that
lila the roots of plants may possibly
romnose to some extent the common
rbonate. and get a little lime in this
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-10
A MOVABLE HENNERY.

How to Make Poultry Pick Up a Living
on stubble Fields.
On stubble fields there is often a
good deal of food which if the fowls
could be induced to forage sufficiently
would amount to a considerable guam
tity OF feed. In some countries the
young, growing fowls are housed in a
small, lightly constructed building on
wheels, of weight not too heavy for
horse to draw, and of size to ac-
commodate from so to 20 chickens.