davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1895-08-02
Middle Age Men

generally like 20 have their clothes comfort
able a. we'll asstylish.
They ara the hardest men 10 please N max
ing clothes Young men don't care much
about comfort if style is correct, and Old men
don't care much about style If the clothes
are comfortable The middle age man wants
both, and we are the people who have made
study OF the middle age manand his wants; We
know exactly how 10 make clothing that will
III and III easy. You never saw ready made
clothing that would tit that way.
Ladies outside garments cut and made
10 order also cleaning and repairing Agent
for Lewando French Dye house.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1895-08-02

Deans Rheumatic pills absolutely cure
rheumatism and neuralgia. Entirely vegetable
Safe
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1895-08-02
BARRE, VT.
The Vermont Academy
SaXtOns River. VI.

FINWENIIETH YEAR opens September 10. Lo-
i cation unsurpassed for beauty and health
tulness. iirst-class preparatory and academic
school Tor both sexes, Prepares for any cd2ege
ADMISSION 10 college on certificate. Fine build
mgs. Laboratories, library, gymnasium, mill
tary drill Thirteen teachers Training for char
acter and citizenship. For catalogues or other
information, apply 10 Vermont Academy. $50
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1895-08-02
Vermont Spring Company,
iNEWFANE, VT.

THIS water has a decided effect in relieving the
Il system of all impurities of the blood, such as
Scrotula, Salt Kheum. Eczema all Eruptions of
the skin. Uric Acid, etc Ii is almost specific in
chronic Rheumatism, Diabetes Brght's Disease.
Gravel and all forms of Bladder Troubles Many
OF the above diseases have been cured by freely
using these waters as numerous people will
testify GEO. II. PAYNE, NJ. D.,
Boston, Mass, May o, 1895.
Wholesale price, quarts, 81 80 a dozen pints,
81 per dozen, Address, VERMONT. SPRING co,
Newtane. Vt.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1895-08-02
Little
Things

if they are little wyongs, lead to
a large wrongness. BackaChe is
a little thing-not a very serious
thing, in itself. 1t is often over
looked because it is so slight
it may come day after day and
not be bad enough to cause any
anxiety. The smallest kind of
a BaCkache means coming i'll
ness-probably Kidney trouble.
Buker's Kidney Pills
will cure a Backache-cure it so
it will stay cured. These pills
cure the ache by removing the
Cause-Kidney trouble. They
are a specific for Kidney trouble
in the early stages--they' Il make
an old back new again Drug
gists sell them for 50 cents. A
book about Backache and Kid
ney trouble, free.
Baker PHI Co., Bangor, Me.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
THEIR ROMANCE OVER
Yrs. N. Whyte Friedrich Gets
Divorce From the Doctor.
W OFFERS NO OPPOSITION.
eeceiver Appointed for Safe Deposit
Building Mrs Mcdonald Gives
Her Husband the Lie.

ra~ nupsial tie shich for time bound
.~resae- Or. NJ. Whyte Friedrich ard the
.~sr.an who had been Pauline Lukowekz.
..ser became Mrs. William Martius and
~reaanged that name for that OF the gay
ACTOR, was finally dissolved by Judge
puues yesterday, and the wife was given
s.-ruission 10 resume her maiden name
s5theHt opposition from her husband:
n fact, the latter admitted all the al
.gatsons OF the complaint.
n was In March 1853 that the couple
esded long and eventfui courtsnip by
marriage For several years the doctor
hsd been devoeed IN his attentions TO the
sair one and their engagement had been
snnouneed. but the match met with vio-
I.nt opposition from the doctors
sarents, and had once been brok-
en OF at their bidding. 1t was
e., long, however. before the lovers
h could not be broken of by all the per-
mssions of the young mans parents. Dur
Ing the summer Of 1888 they went TO Chi
esso 70 see the Worlds fair, and those
Who most closely watched the groom
eraysments did not hesitate to say that
s, had again yielded to his parents in
sutnee and left for The East with the de-
uberate intention OF leaving his wife.
II was about October Is, 1888, only six
ronths after their marriage t'.at he sud-
ssniy left her In Chicago without money
enough to bring her home. II was gem
srslly understood that he went 10 Europe
Is continue his medical studies, as ne was
lrovn to have had considerable sum OF
roney with him. Mrs. Friedrich, how
rer, obtained help from friends in Chi
ago. and returned home soon after.
The divorce proceedings were very
tyges. the complaint alleging aeseriion
nving only been fled yesterday and being
rump,ly granted with 81 80 aiimony.
Dr. Friedrich is now In San Francisco.
tsver having returned here since he left
s.s wife in Chicago.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
The Only
SarSaparilla
AT Worlds Fair.

difference: There IS an emergency threat
eFing the value and existence Of the en-
lire municipal water system. Bonded to
our limit, We have no resource in this
emergency but the water surplus. To use
is as the council has provided. viii insure
to the residents OF this city a perpetual
and constant supply of pure water at low
rate.
densome, and / have heard only good
words spoken OF this enterprise. and 10
use the surplus for this purpose. on the
contrary, the appreciation of hundreds of
consumers has convinced me that the peo-
pie are pleased with the prospect and sat
fsfied with the plan proposed. IL by rea-
son of the prosperity which we all feel
10 be at hand. and which the city can do
so much 10 advance. there should develop
within the next few years some plan ny
which the warrants outstanding can he
funded, / should heartily welcome such
a plan. But as the situation stands. We
have but one recourse. and that the
council decided to utilize Brought face TO
face with the emergency. We decided to
grasp the whip hand and take no chance
OF being under the lash.
The diversion OF water receipts for gen
erai city expenses cannot much longer be
tolerated. This water discussion OF the
past two weeks has opened the eyes Of
the people and If this surplus is not used
TO purchase the Cedar river extension, IL
is but a matter of a few months until
they will demand such nominal water
rates as viii leave no surplus
H. r. elise.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19

The following new suits were nled in the
superior court yesterday:
Charles II. Baker. receiver. VS.. Hyman
NoE--Promissory note. 81 0ss
j. ". Filkins VS. the Ferguson Cedar
shlnsle Company ct al-PromissOry notes,
$50.
Ben Pundt vs.. A. ". Piper ct al-Proui.
issory note. $50
Elizabeth A. Bilsborrow VS.. Daniel Me-
CARNEY and Bridget AcCartney--Promis-
sorry note. $50
y. H. Lester VS.. r r. Cameron and
Robert r. Johnson-Petitioning for re-
ceiver 10 take charge OF lien.
German Savings and Loan Society vs
Seattle Safe Deposit and Trust Company
--PromLssory note, E0. 600.
Annie g. Halter VS. Joseph w Wflkin-
son-ts.25g.
Pauline Friedrich Va. N. White Friedrich
Divorce.
Henrietta S. Wolf vs. Jonathan B. Wolf
divorce.
Fred W. Williams VS.. the Golden Cord
Mining ompany--Promissory note. 81
5i3 81.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
MRS. M'poNALD MAKES DENIAL
she Explains Her Husbands Dealings
and His Soothing at Courts.

Mrs Rachae. Mcdonald, who was grant
81 q divorce from William II. Mcdonald
last week by Judge Hunes on the ground
Of failure TO support and cruel treatment.
fled an affidavit in the superior court yes
teraay In answer TO the one filed by Nc
Donald several days ago, in which he
Claimed that while he was perfectly will
ing 70 raise the aiinony he would have 10
dispose OF two lots. and this he could not
Go without Mrs. McDonald's signature,
and this she would not give Mrs. Nc
Donald in her affidavit says that Melon
aids statements as 10 his alleged oppor-
tunity TO sell the tots and her refusal TO
sign the deed, were absolutely false. Her
statement Of the incident Is as follows:
On the morning following the trial Nc
Donald went TO her house and requested
her 10 sign deed conveying the two Cum
herand lots to his brother. and she asked
him why he wished TO sell. He replied that
he wanted to leave town that night for
British Columbia and he needed the money
for that purpose. She said she did not
think she ought 10 sign the deed before
consulting her attorney, and that IL he
would meet her at the attorneys Office she
would sign and execute the deed. If so adj
rssef Mcdonald got very angry at this
and said hs would not go to her attorney.
but insisted on visiting his attorney. She
agreed 70 this, providing her attorney
could 10 present. This he also refused to
d. and left
Mrs. Mcdonald says she IS now and al
ways has been willing 10 execute any in
strument OF conveyance. and has no desire
% hinder CT oppose Mcdonald in any deal
he may make.
Mcdonald. she alleges. has had constant
employment since the divorce trial. and
has earned al least $3.50, he has also taken
81 his possessions away from her home
and gave the cow TO his brother.
Mrs Mcdonald says further that she ia
Informed and believes that Mcdonald has
on several occasions boosted on the streets
tia. he would never pay her costs or at
tornsy's fee. and said he has things fixed
~ that she can not get cent out OF him.
that he had ridiculed the power. OF tho
ourt To make him pay and has sneered at
this idea 81 being forced 10 provide funds
70 pay the costs. and that man In this
country could not be put Ia Jail for not
paying his deh.s
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19

A Mysterious Woman Abandons Her
Own. or Somebody's. Offspring.

4 tall. handsome brunette called az the
ONCE OF the Hoffman house. over Clan
cys saloon, about $50 O'Clock on Wednes-
day evening anf asked 20 be shown to a
room Immediately. as she was very much
fasigusd and was also impatient 10 put the
little infant 70 bed which was at the time
salmberfng peacefully in her arms. She
was at once shown to a room Of medium re-
spsctabi.ity. and upon entering II her first
act was 70 settle the bill with the clerk.
only a nominal sum being charged Moth
ing more was thought Of the matter until
the woman came 10 the Office short time
after, saying that she was going cut. and
that X the little one awoke and became
noisy all that would be necessary 70 quiet
IL was reminder that some one was pres
ent and IL would soon dose off 70 sleep
again. The clerks changed watches az mid
night. and when at about o'clock In the
morning continuous crying OF the young
ster disturbed tho WHO'S house nothing
vas left 10 do but investigate the cause
and apply the only remedy-the bott.e-if
II were necessary
The clerk was greatly surprised TO find
that the baby was alone, the only trace OF
the absent mother being q pain straw hat
which had been carelessiv thrown on the
floor at the loot OF the bed. AS would nat
urally be expected the man was complete
~ at sea as TO the proper course TO take
towards restoring the child to its mother
thought being 10 gain quiet for the other
guests who were trying 10 sleep. No one
seems 10 know Just exactly how the baby
was transported from the Hoffman 10 the
Pacific house. but II was, and was kept in
hiding In room IS at that place until at the
instigation or tie chief or police II was
turned over 10 the good graces Of Mrs. Ry-
Their, who runs home for the accommo-
dalton OF all such cases
The clerk who waited upon the woman
when she first appeared at the hotel was
struck with her appearance and noted that
she seemed TO be suffering some mental
anguish. which Was evidently the cause OF
her noticeably nervous actions. Upon en-
terfng. she wore the hat referred TO as be-
ing left in the room. and IL is no easy mat
ter to explain why the woman should pre-
fer 10 20 bareheaded on cod. foggy
night. when the use OF her hat would only
have cost her the trouble OF putting IL on.
Nothing definite has yet been learned at
police headquarters of the supposed moth
er's whereabouts, but efforts are being
made TO find a satisfactory solution TO the
rather mysterious affair.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
Court and County Notes,

Andrew p. Lee and Ole o. Haaland
made application 10 the county clerk yes
terday for fishermen's licenses.
The sale Of the property in the case OF
August G. Anderson vs.. Thomas Jose ct
al was confirmed by Judge Langley yes
terday.
The case OF James G Spur ct al. vs.
William Al. DIggins was dismissed by
Judge Langley yesterday on motion OF
the attorney for plaintiff.
The petition OF May Cleveland Moore.
execatrfx OF the estate of i. j. Cleveland.
terday by Judge Langley.
Decree was signed yesterday in the case
OF the National Bank OF Commerce Of Ia
coma va. George III. Ryan and Lucy T.
Ryan for si.5ls on prornissory note.
Marriage licenses were issued yesterday
for John Albert Moore and Bertha Nash.
both OF this city, and William Brack. or
Seattle. and Sadie Bymater. OF Wenat-
chez.
he would not discharge the trial jury now
serving in his court. as he originally In
tended. but would hold it I'm readiness for
an indefinite period.
Findings Of fact, conclusions of law and
decree were signed by Judge Langley yes
terday In the case OF the Washington Ma
tional Building. Loan and Investment
Association vs.. Cornelius Gallagher.
Charles II. Baker. receiver of the Mer-
chants National bank. begun suit in tho
superior court yesterday against LYMAN
Wolf and w j. Culhgan for 81 COS on an
assigned claim OF Frances r. Day and Il.
+. Day.
Findings Of fact and conclusions Of law
were signed by Judge Langley yesterday
IN the case OF the Washington National
Building. Loan and Investment Assocla-
ton VS.. Cornelius Gallagher ct al. an ac-
ton 20 recover on A prouisso-y note.
Judge Humes yesterday morning grant
FL Louise NJ. Van Bergen n divorce from
Frederick Van Bergen on the ground Of
habstuai drunkenness and failure 20 pro-
vide the neceSsaries Of life Mrs Van
Bergen told her story in such straight
forward manner as to fsvoranly impress
the court.
Default was entered by Judge Langley
yesterday in the following cases: John
A. Campbell. executor. vs.. Theresa Me-
Ailep: John A. Campbell VS.. Annie IT. Cal
Yer 81 al: Albert knaust VS. Andrew w
Piper CT al. the Washington National
building. Loan and Investment Associa-
ton VS.. Cornelius Gallagher. Elizabeth
A Billsborrow vs. Daniel Mccartney et al.
4 T. McEwan, receiver for the Seattle
Cedar Lumber Company. petitioned the
superior court yesterday for Instructions
as TO the disposition Of checks. drafts and
collections held by him. Judge Langley
granted the order and directed Mck,wan
10 turn over 10 the Washington National
hank checks and remttances from debit
ors. whose accounts have been assigned
70 that concern.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
STOCKHOLDERS BUY Up CLAIMS.
Trying to Avoid Loss on Merchants
National Ii VIII PAY I'D.


Some Of the Eastern stockholders of the
suspended Merchants National bank have
been buying up the depositors claims
and those who have sold their claims may
now consider that they have acted with
more haste than prudence. as Receiver
Baker expresses the opinion that all Of
these claims VIII be paid in full before
the termination OF the receivership.
Charles Power has been one of the largest
purchasers, and he says that two-thirds
of his dealings have been in his own name.
and the remainder for the order OF IN
Eastern man named Richter. whom he
is not acquainted with. Richter Is not
stakeholder. but Mr., Powers father is
and gave large order TO buy The price
paid was generally about IS. but some for
small amounts were bought as low as &C
per cent.
Mr.. Power said that recently the claims
had not been coming in fast. holders prob
ably thinking that the price would go Up
toward the last. But he had nearly filled
his orders, and leaves for the East On
Monday.
Receiver Charles II. Baker said yester-
day IN regard 10 this: 81 have been aware
for some time that this speculation in
claims against the hank was going on.
and | have been asked time and again
by depositors holding my certificates for
my advice as to whether they should sell
them for what they could get. or hold
them 7 was never before al liberty 10
advise them one way or the other. but
consider II now az my duty 10 state, after
the examination Of the affairs OF the hank
which have made. that I believe every
claim against II will be paid in fun"
''will the assets alone be sufficient 20
do that. or will there he an assessment
he was asked
II would not care 20 say. az this time
whether an assessment viii he made
This Office Is opposed 90 this speculation
ia certificates We desire the 5eposltors
to get all there Is IN H. Therefore, l
make this statement"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19

Mrs. Fowler. wife 81 George Fowler.
local manager or the Washington Loan
and Trust Company. met with a very sert-
Gus accident yesterday afternoon which
will in all probability conhne her TO her
room for several weeks. While ascending
the back stairs Of the Davis residence,
on Valley street. between Kentucky ard
Warren. on Queen Anne bin. Mrs Fow-
Ter who lives on High street near BY,
accidentally trippsd. falling headlouS -
the bottom OF the slight fractursng TIA
right thigh bone IN a very Irregular man
rser To complicste the misfortune. the
injured lady who ia nearly - wears os
age. has been 4 cripple for many years
as the result % q bone disease which has
Serrfvea her az the use % her left leg.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19

Letter Harvested and Baied 1t and
Mants a Recoiver for IL.

case with a decided rural favor 20 II
vas filed in the superior court yesterday.
o, Fl. Lester OF Cherry Valley. filed a
complaint asking that n receiver he ap-
pointed 90 take charge OF lot Of hay be-
hnsing % X. =. Cameron, and stored at
What IS known as Calherg's barn. on tbs
sacQGalmie river. as ne claims n lien fer
labor performed IN harvesting and haling
The immediate cause Of Testers alarm
That the hay viii all be sold by one Rob
OF Johnson, who claims 20 have an In
trest in IL.
Lester says he contracted with Cameron
q harvest all the hay on Cameron's prop
.ftFr sN tons. for 81 per ton and bale u Cor
t@ per ton more lie says hts BIZ. amount
tag % Si9, with the exception OF $50 q. IS
unpaid He fled a lien on the hay on Oc-
.eesr y. and shortly after discovered that
samson had taken possession OF IL. dis
Nesed OF part " IL. and refuses % surren-
ger II or recognize plaintiffs prior claim
lester IS fearful that the entire lot will be-
@a. thus keeping him from securing his
Jst claim. and therefore asks that n re-
ceFer be npprinted
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
NELSON COMMITTED FOR TRIAL
His Rail- FIXED nj $4,000 and He VIII
Profanity go 10 Hall.

The preliminary trial & Jens Nelson.
charged with unnatural ofenses At the
Norwegian Lutheran orphanaCe at Fouls
no took place al Sidney Yesterday morn
ing. After the court had read the confes-
sion made by tho prisoner IN this city 70
the Rev = r. Toliefson, and the little
victim. Constantine Johnson. had been
asked few questions. the prisoner was
committed for trial. han being fixed at
si0.ooa u was not thought likely last
night that hail IN this amount would he
secured. and II not the prisoner Will be
brought 20 the county JAN In this city.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
SUSPECTED OF GIVING TIE NEWS.
Levi smith laid or by County Auditor
Roman.

The puhlicat ton I'm the Post-Inteliisencer
% county Auditor ReFuan's general or
ders % ut. clerks did not please that
gentleman When he saw hts circular IN
thts NJ per he set - work 60 md the man
who had given to 20 the reporter tit7
.,,,s,,t,tor,s er,snv fastened on Levi smith.
"a ahoouEh the latter denied truth
f,uy too. that he had gwen g.. MI Be
va, suspected that Re had given 4 'tip
r. a - az The head, and laid him OF.
when the Post-Intentgencer reporter as
s,.~,s Mr.. Roman that Mr.. smith asa not
give him che letter. Re SAID tast' even y
he I'd not. he had something 70 70 '. =.
q. ga ,hst he might suspend e.hers IN
- s,s.s,e THE penalty fer being even s1ts-
rs.,ea ~ giving news seems = b TIE
ss-,o a. The county auditors once as a.
-. ptark Diamond mines.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
Deserted After Eight Yesr-.

henrietta s. Wolf yesterday fled a 10
uuon Tor divorce in the superior court,
In which she alleges that she Was r1av.
RED at Columbus. Platte County. <sb- on
March ~. lss3. and lived peacefully with
ner husband. Jonathan b Wolf. rp 20
september. 1891. when he wiilfully desert
ed ana abandoned her. and has since
iIVed apart from her. There is no com
munity property. and all the won1a
wants Is divorce and the custody OF the
e-year-old son.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
IMPROVEMENT BONDS UNsoLD.
No street To the ITniversity-Remin
ton Avenue sewer Contract.

The bonds for the Improvement Of Sea
con street Brooklyn. for which contract
was let last January in order 10 open a
street 10 the University az Washington.
have not been sold within the six months
provided by. law. and the contract has
therefore been cancelled. Those Of the
property owners who paid their assess
ment for this Improvement ERE now en-
titled 20 rebate OF the money paid on
presentation Of their receipts.
George r. Ktttlnger has been awarded
an amended contract for the construction
of a sewer on Remington avenue from
Broadway 20 kenncy street. ~ THIS
amended contract Mr.. Kittiuger takes tho
bonds Of the local Improvement district
in navrlent for the work instead Of wait
ing until the bonds for the work are soil
by the CITY work on the contract WILL
therefore. he begun immediately
The bond OF James Ferris, contractor for
the trnpros emcnt of East street and Fwen-
t,-.@e~ond avenue. from Nesler avenue 70
remington avenue has been approved by
the mayor and city comptroller
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
RECEIVER FOR 4 TALL BLOCK.
Foreclosure suit Begun for tho Safe lse-
poSif Building.

4. feFeoioS0fe proceedings were begun IA
&c superior court Yesterday by tho Ger
~ savings su8 Loan Society. OF san
-taae}sco. against the Seattle safe re
sst an Trust Company. Of this city. for
ne foreclosure Of q $1,000 n,artraSe, Sc
-.i'F Tor loan. The matter was taken
'ose Judge langley. who AZ the requos.
ne plaintiff appointed Fred X. strive
'-eVer. With bonds aNed a s. 500
ne money was loaned On tire building
beVeolher -. 1NSl. and vas secured
mortgage GA the building. With inter-
per cent. The complaint alleges
- ~ part % the principal has ever
,ss- PAID. ana n3 interest since Nav r.
-. receiver 70 take charge ~ the
s--l3$ and collect rents etc. was pet.-
- toJ- ara attorneys fees 60 the
seat ot S.so are asked. The company
= 'oo&Shf 20 IA perfectly solvent. and
a. present sUi, y ~ net result; n the sale
Y tie property.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19

James Gosh and Daniel Murray will not
oe paid their claims against the Gosh
Murray Company, as Judge Langley sign
e5 an order yesterday affirming the ac-
ton OF Receiver Watson in rejecting
them The claim 81 Robert Murray. which
was also rejected by Watson. was ordered
allowed The receiver was ordered 10 pay
the creditors % per cent.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-10-19
Adjust Family Differences.
tad temper is often merely bad diRes-

ton
MANY quarrcls attributed 20 rerversa
dlsnNSitlaus are due. 70 disordered iivers
Rinans Tabules adjust family differ
anreS and would prevent them. which is
better. II taken ia time.
Rfnanz Tahtles taken sftsr meals
morning and evening, for q while, -eEu-
late the system and sweeten che temper.