davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
THE STOMACH OF, THE HORSE.

It is important to remember that the
digestive apparatus Of a horse is the
exact opposite of that Of a COW. The
stomach of a horse is a single bag, and
very small one. 1t is too little to
contain even an ordinary feed of oats.
By the time that two-thirds of it has
been swallowed as much is passing out
of the stomach as is being eaten. In
consequence of this a very large pro
portion of a horses food is not di-
gested in the stomach, but is showed
along into the bowels. The horse in a
state of nature is an animal that is al
most always feeding. He can not, like
the cow or OK, pack away large
quantity of food and then lie down and
chew it thoroughly, nor indeed at all.
For this reason a horse ought to be fed
little and often, and should not be
watered soon after feeding grain. The
frequent trouble which arises from
over-eating in horses is best avoided
by acting in accordance with these
facts of a horses construction: Giving
small but frequent feeds, and, when at
work at least, giving grain, rather
than any considerable quantity of hay.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
APPLE FAILURES AND THEIR
CAUSES.

The causes of the failures of our ap-
pie orchards are various, and it is likely
that many of them are not understood
or even known. I am satisfied that
the first and fundamental cause is
neglect. For twenty years and more,
our apple growers have sown neglect;
they are now reaping the harvest.
More than half the apple orchards
of the country have been turned out
to grass from the time they were set;
and even the grass has too often been
sold at the city market. Land will not
grow good meadows and good orch
ards at the same time. The grass
takes the cream Of the land. Apple
trees which have been fed on skim
milk for quarter of a century must
be expected to be lean.
If grass has not been profitable. the
orchard lands may have been sown to
grain, and the farmer usually COM
plains if the grain is not a good crop.
The trees are not thought of as re-
curing ground space and food.
Orchardists generally consider, too,
that the crop, in an apple orchard, is
the orchard itself, for the soil
must nourish the trees day by day.
just as it nourishes a crop of corn or
hay. The orchard is a continuous
crop upon the land. whether 1t Bears
or not. The most delicate morsels of
the soil are taken by the wheat and
oats; and these plants appropriate the
water from the rains, or ttat sup
piled by irrigation. and there is no
tillage TO conserve soil-moisture. The
apple trees feed upon the husks, and
are then obliged to share their portion
with borers, tent caterpillars. fungi,
and twenty other tramDs
OF late years. attention has been
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07

given almost wholly to these traInps
by the use of the sprays. This is es-
sential; but it is evident that this is
not the primary or fundamental treat
ment for an apple orchard. Food and
moisture are the first considerations
People say that spraying is not al
ways sure to bring a crop. Certainly
notl One cannot feed a horse by using
curry-coInb. 1t is a wonder that, in
the average orchard, the spray is ever
sufficient to secure a crop; but the
fact that it often is, is proof OF the
wonderful constitutional vigor of an
apple tree and the pertinacity with
which it holds on under discourage
ment.
Some persons who have cultivated,
fed and pruned their orchards for the
past few years, and have sprayed in
the bargain, have yet failed to secure
good crops. This is not surprising.
One should not expect to correct the
evils of years of neglect by a Spurt of
repentance; and the evil is the worse,
too, for having been wrought when
the orchard was young, for "as the
twig is bent, the trees inclined. y
Orchards which have been many years
in sod and neglect, are occasionally
thrown into such exuberant growth by
tillage and fertilizing that they do
not bear. Such change would, no
doubt, be a surprise to most orchards,
and 1t would be no wonder if the trees
should jump out of their boots. In
such case, the orchadist should aim at
moderate growth by stopping Guilt
walton early in the season (say the
middle or last of july and by the
sparing use of heterogeneous fertilizers.
Yet this treatment-liberal tillage,
fertilizing, pruning and spraying-is
the best which can be recommended
for old and Improbable plantations,
and if it will not revive the old trees
the only remaining treatment is to
plant new orchard.
So long as trees blossom profusely,
they should bear. Perhaps the bloom
oftenest fails because of the attacks
of the apple-Scab fungus. When this
is the case, Bordeaux mixture is a
specific. Frequently, the trouble is
the codlin-moth worm or other insects,
and for these Paris green is specific.
But the flowers probably often fail to
GENTLY nourished to sustain them.
specific for this difficulty, for the
orchard may be in such condition, from
long neglect, that the land cannot be
properly titled and the trees cannot be
adequately fed. One of the best meth
DDS of feeding the tree is to keep 1t
we'll pruned, for the food which is
diffused in numbers of worthless
limbs is then concentrated in small
number. And it is only the well
pruned trees which are capable Of
successful treatment with the sprays.
L. H. Bailey in Cornell Bulletin,
No 81
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
PROFIT IN BUTTER.
The Result Obtained BY Additional
Care and Cleanliness.


With butter, as with fruit or meat,
it is not the average quality that
brings the highest price, but the
superfine product. and here is where
the true profit comes in. The actual
cost of producing a pound of butter
is precisely the same whether the re-
suit is axle grease or an article of the
highest grade. The difference between
them represents care and cleanliness.
The more you give of these two the
better the product.
Tlfe majority of buttermakers are
willing to bestow a certain amount Of
each on their work, but will not go be-
yond to fuss or be "finicky." 1t is
too much trouble, they think; besides
their butter is as good or perhaps bet
ter than their neighbors'. This is
doubtless true, and this is why aver
age butter is the result. But what we
all do equally we'll has no particular
value in every department of life, and
butter-making is no exception 1t IS
the doing things a little better than
our neighbors that makes us sought
after and puts our work at premium
1t is the little extra care and cleanli-
ness in making the butter which raises
it above the average, the additional
five minutes which seem so tritling
compared with the rest of the work,
yet which brings about such different
rac11Ifc
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
PREPARIyG FOR CORN.

In preparing ground for corn we
plough in the spring about six
inches deep. We think this sufficient
in our soil, while on land that had been
skinned for many years this depth
might bring up too much subsoil. We
think it better to deepen the soil grad
ually by ploughing a little deeper each
successive year until a good depth is
obtained.
After the ground is ploughed, the
harrow is often the best tool for pull
verising. If very dry. on some soils it
would be economy to use roller first,
then harrow. We never use the roller
when the ground is sod or wet enough
to pack. We prefer the drag to alter
nate with the harrow in the spring in
preparing a seeded, as a rule, and use
the roller in the fall, when the ground
is more apt to be dry
We never use any commercial fer
tilizer on our farm, but apply in the
fall all the barnyard manure we can
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
TESTING cows.

While 1 have all along been advising
the use Of Babcock tester on the
farm, at the same time 1t is only fair
to state that good, reliable results in
testing can be reached by simply
weighing the milk and figuring on the
result. For instance, Jerseys should
give milk rich enough to make a pound
Of butter from seventeen pounds of
milk. This means the mixed milk Of
a herd where the cows are in all stages
Of lactation, fresh and drying off. Ma
tive COWS should approximate twenty
two pounds of milk to the pound of
butter. All of this means again that
the milk is handled with skill and
care. If your cows cannot do as well
as here proposed, you can make up
your mind to one of two conclusions,
either that you have poor COWS or your
method of handling the milk is faulty.
A good COW should yield not less than
5000 pounds of milk a year, whether
kept for butter making or milk selling.
L. c. Hardin, in Home and Farm.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
GROW LoNG-LryED ORCHARDS.

We have not contended and do not
contend that it is best in all cases new
er to irrigate orchards in the arid re-
gions, but simply that, as we have OBJ
served, and very widely, too, men are
prone to water too much, to cultivate
too little, to depend, in fact, upon water
taking the place of cultivation. Avoid
the error of over-irrigation, particularly
so until the trees come into full BEARING;
then when you want to seed your or
chard to clover and turn on the water
the laden trees, having thrown their
roots deep into the soil, will not turn
out by the roots with the first wind,
as so many piece-root and over-irri-
gated trees do every year. And at
bearing age you will have sounder,
larger, deeper-rooted and far better
trees in every resepct if you properly
cultivate your orchard the first few
years, largely dispensing with irriga-
tion-unless, perhaps, to tide the trees
safely over the first summer.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
RENEWING THE VIGoR OF STRAW
BERRIES.

I am a plain, practical farmer, and
think the methods often employed in
berry culture are shortsighted to say
the least. For instance, a plant from
a rundown strawberry bed is expected
to produce a profitable crop of fruit
and healthy. vigorous young plants.
a rundown berry plant never has
nor never can produce healthy, vigor-
Gus offspring. My plan of propagating
Strawberries is as follows: Take plants
from an old bed; set in rows three
feet apart and twelve inches apart in
the row; give good cultivation until
they begin to bloom, then cut off all
runners which have started and all
blossom buds. In three weeks repeat
the operation. Look after this as long
as there is any growth, because every
runfer cut off induces the formation
of a fruit crown. The plants so treat
ed produce much more fruit the follow
ing season. One summer bed so
treated yielded 541 quarts, while
plat of exactly the same size untreated
gave only 200 quarts, both receiving
the same culture and equal amounts
of fertilizer. This has been the gen
eral experience Of most strawberry
growers-George c. Borck.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07

earth up so as to cover the point of
contact between graft and stock, thus
union between the two takes place
The time for this sort of grating is
early spring, and one among many
ways of doing the work is this:
Make a slanting cut in the stock
from the side, downward toward the
middle. Then cut your scion to
simple wedge and push it down on
one side. so as to join the bark of the
stock. This has the advantage that
the stock need not be cut off in case
the scion should not unite with it, and
as the fibres of both scion and stock
are cut transversely, the pores join
better. AS soon as the scion starts,
cut off the stock above it, taking care,
however, not TO move the scion in the
ODeratiOn -
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
PEARS A PROFITABLE FRUIT.

The trees of this fruit belongs to
the same genus as the apple trees.
Pyrus; their habits of growth and
bearing are similar, and therefore in
many respects require similar treat
ment. The fruit is produced to very
large size, fine quality and trees are
prolific when proper attention is
given them throughout this north
west coast. The trees are generally
hardy and thrive well on the clay
soils, and have as yet fewer insect
enemies, than the apple. The market
able fruit sells at high price and the
future market prospects are good to
insure the grower large returns.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
HINT ON OFFENSIVE FARMING.

Says the Rural New Yorker: Prob
ably no one can excel a market gar
dener in getting a maximum amount
of produce from a given amount Of
land. There is close calculation on
every hand to keep the soil constantly
occupied during every day of the grow
ing season. and to force it to its full
capacity. One of these men was no.
ticed. the other day, going through
field of turnips. pulling out the large
ones and leaving the others to continue
their growth. How many ordinary
farmers would consider such work
profitable? The comparative values OF
land and labor would probably decide
that question. The smaller roots left
in the ground would make consider.
able growth before freezing weather.
This is but single instance of the
many ways in which these men work
their highly fortified. valuable land.
for all there is in it.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
THREE crops IN ONE YEAR.

Mr.. Edward Schooley, of Irondequoit,
near Rochester, n. Y, is a gardener
who boasts this year that one small
piece Of ground has paid for itself with
the crops Of the current seasons
growth. 1t comprises only three
quarters of an acre, planted last fall
with spinach, from which last spring
he sold $25 worth Of early spinach. AS
soon as the price declined he plowed
the land, manured it heavily and plant
ed with Golden Wax beans. From this
he sold as string beans S165 worth, and
if he had waited a week longer might
have picked $40 or SIS worth more. In
stead of this he plowed under the
beans, enriching the land and fitting
it admirably for the turnip crop which
was sown Immediately afterwards. The
crop grew with amazing luxuriance
and Mr.. Schooley has now nearly COM
pleted his harvest. 1t will amount to
at least $780, the turnips selling at 20
or % cents per bushel. After the tur-
nips are off, rye will be sown to make
whatever growth it will, and be plow-
ed under as green manure next spring.
Here is $40 from three-quarters of an
acre of land, or 1920 per acre. Mr.
Schooley nets more profit from this
small piece of land than many owners
Of large farms do from their large
acrea Cultivator.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
no MAKE THE DAIRY PAY.

Determine in your own mind the
amount of butter COW should produce
weekly to pay for her food and the la
Dor of caring for her. Subject each
animal to an individual test and dis
pose of all those failing to come up to
the mark Let the trial be a fair one
and see that proper rations are given.
Equal parts of wheat, oats and corn
makes a fairly good milk ration. If a
small root ration can be added, the
yield of milk will be more satisfactory
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
SUMMARY.

First-The six varieties producing
the largest amount of fruit by weight,
from August 20 to September 1, were
Maules Earliest of All, Vaughan's
Earliest of All, Atlantic Prize, Per-
lection, Rose Bud, and Ignotum. Each
of the first three varieties yielded very
nearly the same quantity of fruit
within the period designated, which
was from three and half to six
times as much as that produced 10y
the three latter sorts.
Second-While the extra, early varie-
ties are desirable, where extreme earli-
ness is aimed at, yet when the smooth,
solid kinds come into market, there is
little or no demand for the former
which are generally rough and tender;
hence those growing tomatoes for
market should plant both the extra
early and the second early or main
crop in order TO prolong the season.
Third-For second early, or main
crop varieties, We recommend the fol-
lowing: Acme, Beauty, Perfection,
Ignotum, Puritan, and Long Keeper.
Fourth-The best varieties for can
ming are Beauty, Perfection, Long
Keeper. Puritan, Ignotum, and Royal
Red. The three former varieties are
of a dark red, or purplish color. and
the three latter of a bright red or
scarlet.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
TRAMPs AS FARMERS.

The Dutch have worked out the
tramp question to what they consider
d final conclusion. The state main
tains farm of 5000 acres, and every
man applying for relief is sent there
to earn his living. If the man won't
work, he is sent to = labor colony
where he has to work; but if he shows
a disposition TO get ahead and learns
TO cultivate the soil, the state rents
small farm to him, where he is left to
his own resources,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
90! Rio Gr2ld0
80 Western
Scenic Line. Standard Gauge.
Current Time Table.
IN EFFECT MARCH 81, 1895.
LEAVE SALT LAKE CITY

LEAVE SALT LAKE CITY.
No. 2-For Bingham, Provo,
Grand Junction and all points
east. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 500 a m
and ali points east............... 7:4O p m
late points NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. $50 p m
Salina and all intermediate
points 2-3O p m
No. S-For Eureka, Payson. Pro-
vo. and all intermediate points. 500 m
No. 3-For Ogden and the west. II As D m
No. 1-For ogden and the west. 1:30 p N
No. 1-From Provo, Grand juno
ton and the east. 1:20 m
No. 3-From Provo, Grand juno
ton and the east. u:35 p m
No. 5-From Provo: Bingham;
intermediate points. ...........:. 5:25 m
No. 6-From Ogden and informed
late points Observation-Disclosures 9:4U a m
No. From Eureka and Payson-. 9:55 am
No. 2-From Ogden and the west 1855 m
No. from Ogden and the west 7:30 p m
Only line running through Pullman
San Francisco; Salt Lake city TO Denver
via Grand Junction and Salt Lake city to
Kansas City and Chicago via Colorado
Through transit or family sleepers
without change, to Kansas City, Chicago
and Boston
Free reclining chair cars Salt Lake to
Denver.
Ticket Office 10 w. Second South ST.
D. C. Dodge. S. H. Babcock,
General Mgr. Traffic Mgr.
F. A. Wadleigh, General Passenger Agent.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
HOW TO GRAFT THE CRAZE.

The thing can be done and that
easily. by any one who knows hoy to
graft. The best success IS attained
When the grating is done below the
ground, though IL proper precautions
are taken there is success with graft
ing above the ground. The chief pre-
caution needed here is to- throw the
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
ESTABLISHED 1873.
Mccormick s. Co..
BANKERS.
SALT LAKE CIFY, UTAH.
General Banking Business Transacted.

Collections promptly made on all points
In the West and North west. Careful A.
tentiOn given to Constgnments of Ores
and Bullion Exchange and TeIegraDhie
Transfers on the Principal Cities Of ths
United States and Europe.
PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDENTS:
New York-Importers' and Traders Ma
tionaI Rapk; National Bank of North
America at New York.
Chica go-COmmerciaI National Bank
San FranciScO-FirSt National Bank
Omana-Omaha National Bank.
st. LOuis-NaGOnal Bank OF Commerce.
DenVer-Denver National Bank.
Pueblo-Firs- National Bank
Portland, Oregon-FfrSt National Bank
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bank Uimited) IS
Lombard street
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-04-07
NOTES ON Toa1AToEs.

In its notes on tomatoes, after an
exhaustive trial on its grounds, the
Colorado Experiment Station gives
the result of its experiments in the
following
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1895-03-05
WHARF AND WAVE.

DIAMoND HEAD, Mar. 40 IN
Weather, clear; wind, light N
The II. F. Glade is at the For
street wharf.
The Mary Winkelmau will sail
In day or so.
The Planter loaded sugar from
the Mikahala yesterday.
The Claudine will sail for Maui
and Hawaii at 5 p. M. today.
The frame work of the Healani
boathouse is nearly complete.
1t is reported that the Kenil-
worth will sail today at noon.
The c. D. Bryant hauled in
alongside Brewers wharf yester-
day morning.
The Claudine sails at 5 p.m. to-
day for Maui ports, and MANU-
kona, Hawaii.
The Archer took 27OO bags of
sugar from the steamer Hawaii
yesterday while at Wilder's wharf.
The w. H.. Dimond hauled in
next to the Oceanic wharf yester-
day morning and began discharg-
ing cargo at once.
There are two crews practicing
for boat race in the near future.
One is made up of two soldiers and
the other of natives.
The Mascot failed to get awav
yesterday, although the captain
was almost sure that he could fin
lsh what be had to do.
The ship Charmer hauled over to |
the Oceanic wharf and discharged |
cargo yesterday. She will begin
loading sugar as soon as possible.
Judging from the number of
clothes hanging up on the Phila-
ielphia yesterday, it must have
been washing day aboard that
cruiser.
The Pele has not finished dis
charging her sugar yet. The Ken
worth took part of her sugar yes
erday. The remainder will be
discharged on the Oceanic wharf
Oday for the ship Charmer.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1895-03-05
The MIOwera's RepOrf.

The c. A. S. S. Miowera, Stott
master, left Sydney on Monday,
February 18th at p. M, arrived
at Suva on February 9th, and
sailed again on the same day.
Strong easterly winds were met
with between Sydney and Suva {;
thence to Honolulu, easterly winds
with strong northeast gale and
heavy sea for three days. Sighted
Alofa and Mary islands while en-
route to this port, and on February
18th while In latitude 2 SO n. sign
aled the G. A. S. S. Warrimoo
bound from Honolulu to Suva.
arrived at 10 80 p. m. last night
with the following passengers for
this port: Mr.. and Mrs. Govett
Mr.. and Mrs. Fishlock and D. pat
terson. The Miowera will saiI at
IL a. m. today for Vancouver. L
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1895-03-05
Minimum.
THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
A Debate by the San Francisco PO-
litical Science Club.

llGlCdI CCl6nCe OluD.
A Coast paper of the 18th ult.
says:
The Political Science Club spent
several hours last evening in
the Hopkins Institute discussing
the subject of Hawaii. Arthur
Rodgers opened the debate by read
ing an interesting paper entitled,
"Glimpses of the Hawaiian ISL
ands," in which he spoke Of the
history of the islands, the customs
and traditions of the natives and
the future of the island Republic.
The latter feature called forth
many questions from members of
the club, and an interesting ex-
change of ideas and expressions of
opinion followed. There seemed
to be general agreement upon one
point, that in time the islands will
be annexed, or the United States
will at least assume a protectorate
over them. Nearly all of those
present were from the State Uni |
Tersity. Professor Moses presided. |
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1895-03-05
Minimum.
Average mean temperature for February in

Average mean teppera'ure for February in
last six years, 20 7S'.
Dew point, average for the month. 61.5o.
Indicating moisture. 81 grains per cubic foot
Relative humidity at noon, GA per cent.
Relative humidity in the night, 7S3 per cent
Total rainfall. 2.66 inches. average for Feb
ruary. six previous years, TIL in Maxi
mum ram in one day, O.e5fn. on the third.
Rain exceeding ooY inches fell on days.
Cloudiness lin the day umel, 49.6 per cent.
out OF possible sI9 hours there have heen
Of bright sunshine, hours C4S per cent J.
Of dull sunshine S8 hours (Il.9 pc cent
Elective sunshine nearly So per cent OF posi-
bic maximum.
Winds from The LIST to the 18th southerIy. light
except on the I'd and Cd Northerly gall on
the 18th and 18th. followed by q week OF
northeast trade winds. On the gath south
erly wind. backing u west and MOI tn Ton the
26th), passing then into north east trade
Average velocity ass mi res per hour. gh-
est Q3 miles per honr) on the l4th; nearly
oalm on the Sth
Baronetric mAKrma about the 18th and 18th;
minima about the I'd and 18th.
BAROMETER CORRECTED READTSGs).