davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Farming without Manure.

The expenses for manure and CONNER
cial fertilizers keep many farmers poor
all of the time, says the American Guilt
vator. A large percentage of the profits
made from the crops must go for the buy
ing of manures the following year, and
there is little announcement for hard
work in this way. In one sense we are
using more fertilizers on our farms than
ever before in the history of agriculture.
but the tendency now is to reduce this
as much as possible. 1t may not be that
we can farm without manure, but prac-
tically this viii be the case In the future
our present system of applying artificial
fertilizers to keep up the fertility of the
soil is the only method we know of TO
compensate for what we take from il in
our crops.
Natures methods for fertilizing the soil
must be the one to adopt in order to do IL
cheaply. Glover, grass, forage crops and
similar products, that fill the soil with
good plant food, must be the manure that
we will use. Many farms to-day are Drac-
tically run without manure, ana the land
IS not deteriorating in strength or value
What one crop takes away another sun
piles. The soil is drained, but not SO that
the plant food can leach away through the
subsoil during winter. The soiing Of
stock is practiced so that the pasture is
eaten up smoothly and not too close. The
manure from the animals falls upon the
soil and Is incorporated into the plant life
Overstocking is never allowed. Feed that
IS needed Tor the animals comes from the
farm, and when this cannot supply
enough the stock is reduced The barn
yard manure that collects in the sta HES
and yards is about the only fertilizer that
is used. Occasionally a piece of land is
poor, and it needs artificial fertilizers TO
bring II up to the standard. But wneu
II is improved to a certain point II is
self-sustaining. By a rotation of crops
the soil is never exhausted.
Land should be growing crops contin-
ually. 1t Is always better for It, When
not covered with vegetation the soil de-
tertorates. One crop is sown before an
other Is really harvested and a really
bare field is never seen. The heavy eron
Of corn or wheat that is harvested this
summer or fall is succeeded Immediately
by rye, wheat or forage stock OF some
kind. Before cold weather is here the rich
vegetation has produce almost enough To-
return to the soil all that has been ia ken
from it In the spring It is plowed I'M
der, and by the time the new cron is
planted the decayed vegetation is in an
available condition for plant absorption
When our science of farming Is reduced
to this principle our bills for fertflizfng
Will be small There will always he sons
land that will need fertilizing by means OF
lime, phosphate and bone, but most Of
the farm will be run without manure
But such farming will require study and
experiment. The whole matter will be re-
duced to such a business of profit and loss
that none but professional farmers can
nope TO make money at it, The change in
direction. - eiiiS
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Crimson Clever.

Crimson clover was introduced in this
country several years ago by the late DIR.
Huradine, who being a great lover of flow
ers, was attracted to this plant by its
great beauty. which rs hardly exceeded
by the finest flower that adorns yard or
garden. the beautiful deep green when
may be seen all through the winter when
not entirely covered by snow, grows deep
er and brighter as spring advances, un-
til early in June, when the flowers APP
pear, and the field changes from q deeb
green to a brilliant crimson, making q
sight TO behold, and remember, at first
its value as a forage plant was not I'M
derstood, and as a soil restorer was I'M
known, and the progress of the plant
at first was rather slow, every one adj
mired its great beauty, and numerous
plots were grown for ornamental purposes,
but years elapsed before dapmers awakl
ened to its value as a regular rotative
crop. Crimson clover is grown in all
parts of the union; it is good for hay; will
yield two or three tons per acre; is Valua-
Bile for seed. which 1t produces in large
quantities; is good for fall and winter pas
ture, but its greatest value is in its ability
to store up plant food and at the same
time send down deep feeding roots I'm the
subsoil, and bring to the surface ele-
ments of fertility that would be otherwise
lost. Crimson clover is an annual ana
must be sown in its proper season, this
extends from the first of August until
the last of October.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23

shriehlng humanity was padding itself
along back downward and head first ON
another occasion man was seen swim-
ming some distance irons the pavilion.
pushing something I'm front Of him that
looked like "A small log AS he came nearer
u was seen that II was a human being,
crossed
II Is the antics of the beginners ana
especially OF those having a tendency TO
large waist measurement which are
most amusing to the hcartless specta-
tors. The waters Of the lake are so dense
that person with wei dcveiopta abb
domen finds II difficult 20 maintain a
standing position In the water That por-
iron OF the anatomy being the highest,
under ordinary circumstances and dis
placing more water proportionately than
other parts Of the person. the man thus
built soon finds great difhculty In keep
ing MS Feet o. the bottom. The feet nv
up, the body pops out OF the water. and
the tendency is for the head the heaviest
poruon 10 go under. The result while
somewhat amusing to the observer n
anything but funny to the victim. ''Whv
] can't keep my feet on the bottom Is
tne nrst exclamation of persons Of this
The Great Salt Lakes sadness Is be-
lieyed to be due to the simple fact that
y mas no outlet, and that the water which
noWs into II from the numerous noun
tain streams Is removed by evapora ffon
leaving. OF course, all the minerals which
II contains. The quantity OF water Is a
eitiidhi OF tudt winch once OCCu-
pied the basin. On the sides of the noun
talns surrounding the lake and adjoining
the valley are plainly visible beach marks
q full thousand feet above the level ~
the present lake. showing II was fifty times
as deep and many times as large In a for-
mer geological epoch, and while ii Is prob-
able that some of its waters found an out
let az that time, IL is believed that much
OF TINS great mass evapOrated, leavine, the
present area Of $3.50 square miles Of wa
ter, from ten to twenty-five feet deep a.
mere remnant Of that which occupied the
eptre valley where Salt Lake CITY and
the hourishing rural homes surrounding
II now stand. The only trace OF animal
ire Is a single species somewhat similar
70 the shrimp, though almost microscop-
ical and seldom seen ~
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Judgfng the soil.

He is an expert farmer who can rightly
Judge the SOIL says the Farm Journal. 1t
requires long practice to determine when
the soil is just right for planting plow-
ing or cultivating There is a physical
property or general appearance, which
reveals the time when all manipulation of
the soil should take place, but there are
no terms by which these characteristics
can be thoroughly learned in the school
of experience. We have such terms as CO.
hesion, aadhesion and fiocculation, the en-
ployment of which come nearly express
ing the required conditions. There is a
general appearance that presents itself in
a bird s-eye view, and shows at once
whether a field or farm is in good heart.
The proper manipulation of the soil not
only Increases its yield, but hastens ma
turity 1t is easy to make a weeks differ
ence In the ripening period of corn by
different management in cultivation. Ir-
regularity in cultivation always retards
growth and lengthens the period of ripen-
ing. The poor stand that often occurs is
Occasioned, not only by poor seed alone,
but by poor preparation of the seed bed as
welE The vigor with which a young crop
rises from the ground depends largely
upon the manner of contact of the seeds
with the soil and the uniformity of the
depth at which they are planted. Some
farmers work away at their soil just as
fast as they can get to it, without regard
to weather or soil conditions. Such far
mers injure the reputation of the state by
cutting down the general average of crops.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Poultry and Cows.

An interesting discussion has been go
ing on regarding the relative profit to be
derived from a given number of chickens
and a given number of COWS. While one
faneier declares that fifteen hens are more
valuable than the average cow stout
vaccine partisan swears by the beard of
the prophet that he can make more money
from one COW than any man can from one
hundred hens. The result of experiments
made under varying conditions are now
useful.
One farmer made a test with fifty chick
ems and one COW, gives a result as follows:
Value of milk sold from one cow, Sli4.1O; in
come from nifty hens, mostly for eggs
sold, $150.Sl. The cost of keeping the cow
was given at $51, while the maintenance
of the hens cost $50, and it was estimated
that the value of the manure was equal
for both The former was greatly in favor
of the hens in the matter of lessened la
Dor, of care and attention, the COW requir-
ing more time and far less agreeable labor.
Numerous other experiments reported. if
summarized, would probably result in the
ratio of fifty to one.
The chief value of the controversy has
been to show that no dairy farmer should
be without a fair ratio of poultry, and no
poultryman should fail in maintaining a
proper humber of cows. For small, irrf-
gated farms intensively cultivated, nothing
is better able to contribute to the family
needs than COWS and poultry AS many of
each only should be kept, however, as
many receive the best of care and atten-
ton, and pains should be taken to have
only those of the best blood and lineage.
Right here is where the small well
watered and well-tilled land holding be-
comes so potent a factor in the upbuild-
ing of higher and better civilization and
citizenship. Everything on such a farm
must be of the best, and the man who this
his few home acres as chemist uses his
laboratory to achieve the best results
which skill and science can evoke, must
neceS sarily climb to loftier nights, and
take his family with him, than he who
plods in the fruitless endeavOr to cover a
large and, without any approach to scien-
tific skill, either in cultivation or manage
ment.-American Poultry Journal.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23

The wind mill is a very ancient institu-
ton, and has for centuries been largely
employed in the low countries of Europe.
1t was by wind power that a large part of
Holland was reclaimed from the ocean.
the wind mills driving huge pumps which
removed the water from behind the huge
dikes which had been built to exclude
ocean tides. The use of wind power in
this country has been the growth of a very
few years. A writer in Review of Re
views for September says that there are
now in the United States over 100 firms
engaged in the manufacture Of wind mills.
One Of these sold In single year 2O,OOO
wheels Many of these are of moderate
size adapted to use on the farm. There
are probably at least half a million wind
mills now in use, and their annual In
crease is set down al $4,000 or more.
1t is in the west that the wind mill has
been most generally used, though thou
. sands of market gardeners and dairy men
in eastern states have found il the cheap
est power for raising the water TO keep
their crops growing or to water their
stock In Texas IL is related that wheel
twelve feet in diameter was used to raise
from $4,000 to 100000 gallons of water per
month to hight of fifty feet. In WiScon-
I'm wheel ten feet in diameter raised
fifty barrels of water per day. 16-foot
wheel i'm Missouri furnished sufficient pow
err to grind twenty bushels of corn per
hour. In most of these cases the power
of the wheel was not continuously used,
as il might be If changed to electric power.
by the use of wind mills to secure the en-
ergy and then by changing this to the
power Of electricity the use of the wind
mill may be made much more reliable and
permanent than it can be if used alone.
There are always times when the wind
does not blow, but if power has been
stored such times need not occasion the
stoppage of machinery and the loss that
would ensue from it. In most cases where
wind power has been used to run ma
chinery il has been necessary to supple
ment 1t with power from steam. But with
improvements in storing power in the form
of electricity this reliance on steam will
no longer be necessary. This storing Of
power will be also a great gain for those
having water power which varies in guam
tity. The excess during high water may
be used when the water is low, thus great
" adding to the value of such power.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23

A writer in the National Horticulturist
says that no fruit responds so readily to
good fertilizing as pears. and where old
varieties seem to be running out a new
lease of life is given TO them by apply
ing the ground bone and potash. With
out doubt, these are the two essential con-
stituents of the soil that the pear trees
exhaust, and when they can no longer
draw them from their surroundings they
refuse to produce salable fruits. After
many years of experience l can safely say
that all of the pear trees of an old orchard
can be revived almost beyond recognition
by the annual application of potash and
ground bone. The process l have found
the most serViceable is to apply about 400
pounds of muriate of potash with 800
pounds of ground bone per acre each year
One-half of this mixtures is applied in the
fall and the other half in the spring at
blowing time. Crimson clover seed is
sown with the fertilizer in order to give
the necessary nitrogen. This repeated
years in succession brings the orchard UP
to a condition where excellent crops of
pears can be depended upon every sea-
son.
Lately many of our standard pears have
been degenerating, and even upon good
soil they fail to produce the paying crops
that they should. The fruits are small.
tasteles sand apt to be knotty and poor
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23

everywhere found, and ample orchards
ana gardens and frui Is furnish abundant
supply. so that no domestic animal Will
go without shade and no child will hun
part OF its work. higher phase of IL
is that which Ministers to mans more
refined nature, anc. TO the cultivation OF
the love OF the beautiful in the public.
Wei planted home grounds and public
parks well caret- for minister to the
wants Of our higher nature. The an
clients held trees in profound reverence,
the Greeks even sacrificing 10 them. Tire
japanese take as much interest in them
as though they We're animated beings.
William Cullen BryanJs finest creations
were written under in the presence of
the mighty oaks Of ROselyn. The life
messy dells end the trees Overhanging
the shady pools of England TennysOn's
chaSte ideals are reflected from historic
lore in the shady, vine-covered hooks of
exalted horticultural surroundings, ike
That OF music, cannot be expressed IN
word, the only difference being that whine
one Is heard the other is felt Planting
can be made something more than a
mere utilitarian work. 1t can be made
work of art, ministering to the eye,
need hardly remind visitors to the worlds
fair of the effect which art expressed In
horticulture produced. While IL is not
possible for everyone to surround home
with expensive embellishments, beauti-
ful surroundings can be made with the
cOmmOnest trees, plants and seeds. No
class of people are better situated for
making fine homes by planting than the
western farmers. They should not be sat
isfied with commonplace surroundings.
Planting IS a home idea, and Is most
successfully developed on the home
grounds. If rightly used as a fine art, II
can surround the home farm with larger
enjoyment than any other line of agri-
cultural work
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Late Corn and Peas-oats.

have six acres in late corn and peas.
The corn is now just in the roasting ear
stage, and the peas are just beginning
to bloom. Do you think it probable that
the crop will ripen in time for me to
sow the land in oats in November, or
would it be better not to attempt to
sow grain before Christmas, but wait
and sow in the spring? Is 1t better to
turn under the peavines green, or wait
until they are dead. There seems to be
a difference of opinion as TO this ques-
ton. X. NJ. Il.
Burke county.
We would not advise the sowing of
oats on this land this fall. BY the time
the corn and peas have ripened ii viii
be too late TO get the land in proper
condition for sowing oats.
1t would be better to pick all the peas
that mature and then let the vine die
on the land Late in January or early
IN February turn under carefully all the
vegetable matter. Then put in the oats
a little later with harrow and roller.
1t is altogether unlikely that you could
get the oats in properly before the 10th
Of October, and it would be very risky
TO SOW oats that late with the soil so
light and loose as 1t necessarily would
be with so much fresh vegetable matter
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
NIeIiIOtus Alba.

Melilotus Alba is considered only a weed
in the northwest, but in the south it is
priced as one of our most valuable forage
crops. 1t belongs to the leguminous class
of plants, and hence derives the greater
proportion of its nourishment from the
air, and the deep subsoil, where the roots
of but comparatively few plants can
reach and feed. Moved before the plant
becomes too large and woody, the quality
of the hay is first class and in nutritive
quality equal to any of the clover fam
lily. In its green state stock are not FOND
of it at first, but soon acquire taste.
II IS a rich milk and butter FOOD Inc
life of the plant is two years. The usual
plan is to NOW the plant once the sec
Ond year and allow the second crop TO
mature seed These seed fall TO the
ground and terminate where the condi-
tons are favorable. and thus your land
is seeded again for two years more. SEED
can be bought at from 81 to Sl.50 per bush
ell and buShel will SOW four acres. II is
partial to a lime soil, and would not ad-
wise any one to SOW II on any land not
strongly impregnated with lime. IL VIII
grow luXuriantly during the most pro
tracted drouth, due, of course, to the deep
extension of its tap root into the soil. 1t
is said to make first class hog pasture.
A commission merchant for the sale OF
live stock, at New Orleans, says the best
quality of beef he has ever received from
this state or Alabama was made from
animals fattened on Johnson grass ana
melilotus. AS an improver of worn soil
it has no superior among leguminous
plants Gen. stephen ID. Lee, president
of the Mississippi A. and M. college, of
this place, has been growing it extern
sively on his farm in NuXubee county,
Miss, and claims that when planted on
the poorest portions of the farm, land
that would only produce five to ten BUSH
els of corn per acre, the same land now
produces thirty or more bushels per acre.
1t is a plant that is steadily growing in
favor with the farmers in the lime belts
of Mississippi and Alabama.-Edwin
Montgomery in Epitomist.
The Texas agricultural experiment staff
have demonstrated that melilotus does
exceedingly well on Texas lime soils, and
they strongly advise it's use by farmers
of this state. Its great drouth resisting
powers and it's value as a forage crop
should make it very popular in the west.
The Journal advises its readers TO give
this plant a thorough trial both for hog
and cattle pasture.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Tobacco stems as a Fertilizer.

Editor Morning News: 1 have several
TONS of ground tobacco, containing, it is
claimed to s per cent. of potash.
am about to set out four acres In
strawberries. Two acres are newly cleared
hammock land. and two acres are low
ninev-wOods land, near to pond. VIII
Won give me Your opinion of the tobacco
as a fertilizer for the plants2 w. f. c.
Pasadena, Fla
Tobacco dust or refuse has been found
10 produce good results as a fertilizer.
Usually it produces better results used on
clayey or stiff soils. Not so good on light
soils. A good quality of ground tobacco
stems (and stalks, besides containing to
s per cent. of potash, contain. TO 3 per
cent of nitrogen and some little phos-
phoric acid, about half of per cent? 1t
is well to mix the tobacco stems with
some phosphate fertilizer-acid phosphate
or your Florida phosphate. A ton of to-
bacco dust mixed with ton of acid phos-
plate would give a complete fertilizer. and
used on four acres would constitute very
fair application for Strawberries or any
thing else. The tobacco, of course, needs
10 become decomposed in the soil before it
can yield up any of its fertilizing elements.
Applied in the fall it would become sufti-
GENTLY decomposed by spring to do this.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Take Ayers sarsaparIIIa for the Complexion.

generally. Our fail fruits are usually poor
and insipid, and if7better pears could be
produced at this time of the year there
would be a better general demand. Our
fall and winter pears are susceptible OF
higher and more delicious fiavors, II we
only give them the right cultivation and
fertilization. The comparative difference
between the fruits of the same variety of
pears taken from the same orchards is
sufficient to convince one of the truth Of
this remark. Not a few are so poor that
one can hardly believe that they came
from the same stock as the other deli
cious specimens -plucked from trees that
have been fertilized for several years.
Herein lies the difference.
1t is a crying need of the times that or
chardists should get out of the old ruts,
and educate the public up to a love for
better fruits. in this way the consumption
will increase. We can only do this by
abandoning the idea that apple pear and
other orchard trees will take care of
themselves. They will not, and never did,
properly. They need cultivation and fer
litigation just as truly as do the vegetable,
grain and other farm products. Fruit
growing requires as much scientific study
as grain growing or cattle breeding, and
the sooner this is generally recognized the
better II will be for the Industry.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-09-23
Elaborate Hairdres.,nr.
From the woman Il Home.

AApAAA the VIC Home.
The Empress of Russia has one OF the
most wonderful heads Of hair in Eurone
1t is black as night and quite touches
the ground, even when she Is standing up.
The brushing of her hair takes as lonr
as two hours every morning and fonr
ladies' maids are told off to do duty. A
chair is placed in the center of a white
satin carpet, upon which the empress
SITS. letting down the wealth of her hair
until 1t falls like a black cataract about
her. She was anxious to cut Off what has
been called her GLORIOUS crown" and
had II not been that the emraror plead
ed very hard for her not to relinauish II
would have had her wish carried ont
Her jewels, however. she has cast aside.
and, with the exception of the crown
jewels, has distributed them right and
left to her friends and dependents
1t is a fact much deplored in Vienna that
the empress and her daughter-in-law.
the Crown Princess Rudolph. are not on
the best of terms. Princess Stephanfe is
a handsome and gifted woman. and in
great favor with with a certain section
of Austrian society. Her daughter. little
Princess Elizabeth, is growing a most in
teresting-looking girl. Beautiful as her
grandmother she viii never be- but she
is what the Austrians themselves call
better than pretty" She and her
spirited mother are fond Of taking mount
ain excursions, and. alpenstocks in hand,
will start off gayly for a whole days ex-
petition. Nothing could be more simple
than the fashion in which they are wont
TO dress. If you saw them walking in
the Prater you would say that the princess
and her little daughter had ordered their
hats and tailor-made frocks at an Eng
lish tailor's.