The record-union., 1895-12-11
FARM AND ORCHARD.
Hints of Value to Farmers and House
holders.
How to Keep Apples-Use of the Pump
kin Crop-Feeding Young Pigs
Cooperate Creameries.

Bacteria, those microscopic forms of
plant life which produce the ripening
changes in cream, not only grow and
increase with alarming rapidity, but
each exudes minute drops of acid,
which is so sour that none of the COM
mercial acids can compare with it.
1t is well to get rid of useless fences.
But in many places where the fence is
removed the soil is filed with rocks,
bushes and trees so that it is impossible
to plow or cultivate it. Such unused
fence rows soon become as bad a NUS
ance as the useless fence that preceded
them. 1t will pay generally to clear up
such fence rows if only for the looks OF
the place. While the rows remain,
showing that fences had once occupied
that spot, their absence might indicate
that farming in that neighborhood is
less prosperous than it used to be.
The use of nicotine for fumigating
vines is quite common with gardeners.
But while it has deadly effect on m
sect life, it is very dangerous TO use II
in protecting fruit that is to be eaten.
Nicotine is the active element OF the
tobacco plant, and when pure 1t is as
deadly as prussic acid. Several per
sons have been made i'll from eating
grapes which had been fumigated with
nicotine Tobacco is itself an excellent
insecticide and it Fan be used in pro-
tecting fruit without the danger which
| comes from the use Of its virulent prln-
ciple-American CultivatOr.
| In receiving trees from the nursery to
be planted in the orchard, according to
| the advice of Professor Faville, the
l,e-+ nd
should be heeled3 in the soil for few
days before planting to revitalize them
gradually.
Too much feed is often wasted on
| idle horses. The nard worker needs
much more nutritious food to keep up
the wear of body and muscle. No for
mula can take the place of judgment a
man should exercise, for he should
watch the digestion, the appetite and
general condition from day to day. The
masters eye is worth more than all
other guides.
| Cooperative creamerieS have been a
success. 1t is possible to have cold
storage for fruits by cooperation,
which will reduce the cost of keeping
apples through the winter to mini
mum. Eggs, meats and even vegeta-
/ bles can also be stored away for use in
winter.
]
faith in sheep to pay high prices for
the best, and they also get their reward.
| Vermont breeders of nerinos, who have
exported sheep to South Africa, have
received as much as $500 for single
ram. 1t is the quanty and breed that
make sheep pay.
Alfalfa will thrive in the Middle
! States, as has been demonstrated by
experiment, but it must be kept as free
| c pc-
tablished it gives crops every year. 1t
will not thrive on wet soils, nor If
crowded with weeds.
By gaining in size there may be a loss
in quality The smaller varieties OF
celery are superior to the larger kinds,
but much depends on the blanching
and winter treatment.
There are four prominent breeds OF
mutton sheep, all of which may be dis
tinguished by black or dark faces-the
Southdown, Oxford Down, Shropshire
Down and Hampshire Down, the
down now being dropped from all but
the Southdown. The Southdown Is
smaller in size than the others, but is
considered superior in quality of flesh
as we'll as hardness and adaptability
| to scanty pasturage.
A prominent fruit-grower says that in
| a commercial orchard of 200 trees it is
better to have forty trees each Of five
varieties than five trees each of forty
| varieties.
Has it ever occurred to you, asks Hor-
| ticultural Visitor, that with a little Ia
Dor wasting apples, berries and vegeta-
bles can be quickly evaporated, and are
then worth pound for pound for flour
sugar, coffee. etc?
When pruning the old orchard and re-
moving a large limb, says writer, first
saw notch on the under side of the
limb: then saw down from the upper
side to meet that below. This will pre-
vent splitting the limb.
The best way to keep a bull is to break
him to do work. All tread or sweeI
power should be operated by bulls. i
they are made to work they will be less
vicious and also keep in better condi-
ton. Bulls should not be fed too highly
nor be made too fat. They wili be more
serviceable if in moderate condition anC
compelled to do some of the work on the
farm.
The fact that horses are not now being
raised in as large numbers as before l:
a sure evidence that in few years they
will be scarce and high. A great many
farmers who have given up the raising
of horses and sheep will soon have al
opportunity to regret their action. 1t il
the law of supply and demand that a!
an article becomes scarce its price IN
creases, and the reaction will come
soon.
Apples that are packed losely in bar
rels are shipped to better advantage
than ifc loose, as they are not so easil.
injured. 1t makes no difference how al
ample may be indented on the surface
nroyided the skin is not broken. If tn
skin is broken an apple will rot, but
the barrel is so packed that the apple
are pressed together in manner t
avoid injuring the skins during trans
portation they will keep well.
1t may not be known that there ar
now 300 900 olive trees, 100000 almon'
trees. 100000 banana plants, 100000
orange trees and u. 100000 pineappl
plants growing in the United States, blu
such is the estimate, and the numbe
| If each kind is constantly increasing.
, Mulching around trees may provid
harboring places for mice, hence tn
mulching should be omitted if there
liability of mice doing injury, as the to
, soil may not be sufficiently frozen t
reach the roots, unless during a sever
: winter. The farmer must use judgmen
in the matter, as the soil and Location
are to be considered.
The New Jersey Experiment Statio
used sulpher at the rate of 800 pound