The Irish standard., 1895-12-07
INSTALLING A CARDINAL
t-3g.sz
The Ceremony and incidents At
tending the -Bestowal of
the Red Hat.
|ztHis En,inence Francis Cardinal
Satolli'' VIII Be the Next
Title Conferred.
1t Will Be the Third Ceremony o1
the Kind Performed in
This Country.

| When the papal ablegate who has be-
come faniliarly known throughout AM
erica as Archbishop SatolN is raised to
the dignity OF His Emi1ence Francis
Cardinal Satolli," the installation at
| Washington will be the third ceremony of
comforting the scarlet hat ever performed
in the United States from the earliest rec
ords of the propa gation of Catholic dog
ma, and the second during the pontificate
of Leo XIII.
Cardinal McCloskey, appointed by Pl-
us TX, was the first American prelate to
be admitted to membership in the sacred
college, a kind Of ecclesiastical senate
| composed eclusively Of cardinals when
aids the pope in the government of his
spiritual empire. The ceremony took
place in the New York Cathedral with i'm
pressive grandeur, Archbishop Bailey
OF Baltimore, presiding AS papal represen-
tatdve. Cardinal McCloskey enjoyed the
title, the honor and the responsibility Of
his elevated position in the American HI
erarchy for several years before recelv-
ing the distinctive badge of his position,
and it was only on his visit to Rome
after the death Of Plus TX, to take part as
a member OF the cardinalate i'll the elec-
ton Of the succeeding pontiff that the
red hat was bestowed on the American
dignitary by his newly appointed spiritu-
al sovereign, Leo XIII.
The second American cardinal, ap-
pointed ON the death of Cardinal McClos-
key, was also delegated by the pope to
receive the insignia of his office i'll the
United States, and on the silver jubilee
Of his priesthood in the old cathedral
which had witnessed his baptism, his or
dination, his elevations to the episcopal
and archiepiscopal ranks, Cardinal Glib
bons was installed prilIlare Of the Catho-
lie church in America by his venerable
friend, Archbishop Kenrick, of st. Louis.
The ceremony at Washington, which
will emphasize the satisfaction OF Leo IN
the policy of Mgr. Stolli and in the. judi
cjous use of his power in the United
States, will be performed by Cardinal
Gibbons, making it not only the triple
national installation. but the initial in
yestiture of the scarlet cap by prelate
equal in ecclesiastical 'eGninence to the
man receiving the honor. t'
The rank of cardinal and the partici-
patton of the recipient in the sovereign
council of The pope, which the title i'm
plies. is a spiritual eminence Of very an
cient origin. Cardinal dsacons are men
toned in 324 by Pope Sylvester, but ear
lier in the history of the Roman church
the office had its prototype in the COSTS
tories of St. Peter, who called together
the priests Of the diocese to assist llim in
the management of ecclesiastical affairs.
The name is derived from the Latin car
do the hinge OF a door, and the signif'-
cance OF the Office revolves the portals OF
the church Of Rome throughout the world.
The sacred college is composed OF sew
enty cardinals, the requisite number III
the deliberations of spiritual government:
in imitation cf the seventy elders CHOSEN
to assist Moses. They consist. OF three de-
gcees OF mportance--cardlnai deaco2ls,
cardinal priests and cardinal nlshops.
For the creation Of the first 1lnal orders
are not essenti ial, and il the dlgn1tary oe
priest he can celebrate mass III DnDl1c
oniv bv special papal dispensation,
though at liberty to perform the sacred
Office in the privacy of his chapel. CarG1-
nal priests are either without dioceses.
such as Mgr. SatolIi, or exercise suprenl-
acy over bishoprics and archdioceses, as
does the present American hierarcn. A
cardinal bishop is the highest rank in the
Gift of the papacy and is rarely bestowed.
The six cardinals in the vicinity Of the
Roman capital are the chief members OF
the sacred college, its dean being the
hisroD of Ostia and Eelletri from time I'M
memorial. who also possesses the distln-
guished right of consecrati.Sg the pope on
his accession to the throne OF st. Peter.
The title OF cardinal is exclusively re-
sa1yed for papal disposal. though ire
uuentlv granted at the request Of the
college or to crafty the desires OF roy
altv. This latter use Of the honor was
more common in earlier times than now
and in the sixteenth century France
Snaiu. Poland, Venice and Portuga! We're
allowed TO choose their own spiritual
rulers. A custom often observed in nam.
inc cardinal during the beginning OF
a na ma reign is the appointment to the
Office Of a member of the former pope, $
family. or Of one of his associates should
he have been connected with religious
community. But the decree of the coun-
Gil Of Trent is il general observance with
regard to the creation OF cardinals, and
il formulates that "the most holy Roman
pontiff shall, as far as it can be con-
veniently done, select them out of all the
nations of chrisGsndom as be shall find
persons suitable.
In the consistory summoned by the
none fer the announcement of his ap-
r,ointments he reads an address in Latin,
after which he asks the assembly in the
formula sanctioned by the usage OF four
centuries: What think ye?" The car
dfnals arise, remove their zucchettos,. or
skull-caps, and bow assent, after which
the pope creates the new cardinals, by
the authority of Almighty God, OF the
blessed apostles, Peter and Paul, and Of
our ON d. I, If the reci cipient of the coveted
honor lives outside italy a disting glished
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