davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
CARE OF TRERs IN WINTER.

When trees stand too thick, exclud.
ing air and sunshine Qor each tree to
bear well should be exposed to the light
on all sides) then all inferior trees
should be dug out, and many a cord Of
wood might be taken from most orch
ards and yet plenty of trees remain to
serve their purpose better. Remove
all rough dead bark from the trees
with scraper and whitewash the body
of the tree nearly up to the limbs; this
destroys insects, the bark will be re-
neWed and the whole tree restored the
scrapings, however, must be burned or
the pests will live on the ground.
To cause the insects burned in the
ground to freeze and open the soil to
atmospheric influence, it is important
to dig up the soil around tree from
three and half to six feet in diameter,
then cover this piece of ground with
ashes, lime or some other fertilizer.
Older trees must be fertilized near the,
outer circumference of their crowns,
where the finest roots are. The manure
or muck water is put into riIls or holes.
If planting in spring is intended,
then it is well to dig the holes in the
fall, says the North American Agricul-
turist. If the tree is to be planted in
an old orchard, then the hole must be
wide and deep. In early spring the
holes will be well frozen out and should
be refilled with a mixture of clay and
rich soil several weeks before planting.
This filing may be hauled in winter
and allowed to freeze, to improve it..
The autumn winds often loosen the
support of young trees, and these
should be looked after and refastened.
These supports should be smooth and
tarred at one end to make them last
longer in the ground. Always place
the supporting props on the south side
of the tree, as this will protect the
tree from sun scald. For ties use straw
or willow, which are soft and will not,
cut the tree.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
HOW TO KEEP DAIRY CATTLE
UP DURING THE WINTER.

Many of our Southern farmers either
have not yet learned the Importance
of the silo, or they are afraid of it's
cost; hence the making of ensilage for
cattle in winter is with them an untried
step in agriculture.
1t is to this class, especially, that I
address the few following remarks on
the subject of a winter pasture. My
remarks are applicable to rye or barley,
so the farmer wishing to follow my
mode of culture can plant either. 1
prefer rye, possibly because I have
grown it more than have barley.
OF course there are other crops that
could be planted for winter pasture
for instance, the clovers-but it is now
too late for crimson clover, and red
clover will be discussed in another
article.
My plan is to break the land as early
in the fall as possible, with two-horse
plow turning under all organic matter
possible, in addition to the manure
scattered broadcast.
1nasmuch as few of us in the South
have barnyard manure enough to go
over as large an area as a winter pas
ture would require, we have to supple
ment with cotton seed and commercial
fertilizers. There are many brands of
good fertilizers on the market, and
fortunately for the farmer, in most
States at least, they are worth all that
is asked for them. But, according tc
my experience and observation, most
crops would do better with a larger
amount of potash than is put in the
average fertilizer sold in the market
1 do not believe in the prescription
theory for soils, but do believe thai
some soils and some plants require
more of one element to be added in 6
fertilizer than others.
I find that the following formula
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12

A few inches of dry earth over a pile
of fermenting manure will effectually
prevent loss of ammonia. This is a
much more common cause of loss
where manure is piled than is teaching.
We doubt whether during summer and
until cold weather the piles of manure
left out of doors get more rainfall than
is good for them. This is especially true
of horse manure, which will burn into
ashes and lose half of it's manurial value
if kept where rain cannot reach it. The
waste from teaching of manure occurs
mainly in winter and early spring,
when the melting of SHOWS and heavy
rains drench the soil with water.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
THE PRESERVATION OF VEGE
TABLES.

AS ordinarily kept, the root crops of
the garden soon become shriveIled,
and lose their flavor, or in some cases
become ''pithy" and woody" This
can to some extent be remedied if they
are packed away in the fall in dry
sandy soil. While the .shrivelling is
for the most part prevented, the flavor
suffers to a considerable extent Per
haps the best material in which to pack
them, and one that is unequalled in re
tanning the vegetables in their normal
condition is found in the leaves of most
of our forest and shade trees. Oak
leaves are rather thick and coarse, but
those of the maple, elm, poplar and
other trees answer we'll. AS they drop
in the fall, they should be gathered
and used at once. If allowed to become
dry it will be we'll to rake them into
piles, and either wet them down, or
leave them until wet by rain. AS soon
as the excess of water has drained off
they can be used. Dry leaves will an
swer if the vegetable room is damp.
The vegetables should be packed IN
alternate layers in the leaves, in either
bins or boxes.
Onions, like other bulbs, can be easily
preserved if kept dry, and although, if
this is observed, they will stand a con
siderable range of temperature, it is
desirable that they have a temperature
of from 35 to 45 negroes When in a
damp room they start readily, espe-
cially if at high temperature, and as
spring approaches the buds start even
if kept comparatively cool. Care
should be taken not to store onions in
too large bulk, ~and to prevent heating
they should be in shallow bins or in
crates.
Although considerable trouble is ex-
perienced with the preserving winter
squashes, they are among the easiest
vegetables to carry through the winter.
One source of trouble is that they are
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
No. 40

of which the most important are,
ProGf1Ws American, p. hOrtatlana and
P. GWgWStifOLia The most valuable
OF the native plums are DeSoto, Roll
ingstone, Weaver, Wild Goose, Miner
and Newman, of which Wild Goose,
DeSoto and Miner are probably the
most popular. In general, the native
plums are to be recommended to those
who want plums for an early market; !;
because of their immunity from dis
eases and insects, to the general farmer,
and to large growers who want q
greater variety of fruits.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
CREAM OF THE PRESS.

Hard Hits, Bold Sayings and Patriotic
Paragraphs from Reform Papers.
By lessening the number of dollars
you lessen the amount of business that
can be done.-Labors' Tribune.
Prosperity is coming man can get
bigger job of work to do for so cents
than ever before. .-Emporia Times.
Carnegie's employees may look for
another cut in wages soon. Andy is
to found another free ibrary.-Sound
Money.
Dun's report is to the effect that in
the last twelve months the average
decline in prices of property has been
over per cent. Chicago Express.
If you want to support the banker.
the corporations, the trusts and their
hireling tools, you should keep right
on voting an old party ticket.-Peo~
ple's Advocate.
Are national bankers honest9 They
are all ''sound money" men yet they
persist in paying out dishonest ~ soc
silver dollars. Queer, isn't it9-Mis-
souri, Commoner.
Failures for last week were 263 and
only 253 during the corresponding
week of last year. That returning
prosperity is coming too sudden; it
knocks everybody of their feet
Farmers Tribune.
A poor fellow stole bicycle a few
weeks ago, out in Iowa, and was sent
to the penitentiary for three years.
Taylor, the defaulting State Treasurer
of South Dakota, stole $500. 900 and is
sentenced to two years.-Chicago Ex-
press.
''The money power within a gener-
alton has changed the financial fea-
lures of the nation, wiping out the
small manufacturers and trader, max
ing the masses more and more the
heIots of the classes. Washington
Republic.
John Sherman says he is willing
that Republicans shall divide the Sen-
ate Offices with the Democrats and
recognize the Senate on this basis; but
he Populists must have nothing. The
Bank of England win not turn Johns
,icture to the wall L-Brockton Dia.
nond.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
AGRICUITURE.

Those who keep but one COW 8nd
save the cream until suficiency has
accumulated for a churning will not
succeed in making choice butter, as it
is a mistake to mix the old and new
cream. This is fact that is frequently
overlooked, and has been the cause Of
more failures than anything else
The Russian thistle has moved lit
tie closer to the East, and it is simply
matter of time when it will be estab
lished on the Atlantic coast. The rail
road cars bring the seeds and scatter
them along the lines. Good cultivation
destroys it, 1t is not as severe a pest
as the gypsy moth or the potato beetle.
The large varieties of beet have very
few leaves in proportion to their size.
These leaves make a valuable feed for
cows and hogs, but must be used quick
ly, as they are very succulent, and de,
cay quickly if left in heaps. The leaves
are succulent rather than nutritious,
and ought always to be fed with grain
and other dry fed with grain and other
dry feed. They are as good as the 0eets
to increase the milk flow while they
last.
The Jerseys in this country are grad
ualLy Increasing in size, even when the
breed Is kept pure. This is not due SO
much to better feed, as to the fact that
IN this country, where the Jersey Is
most grown, the heifers do not begin
to breed as early as they do in the
warm climate of the channel islands
With increase Of SIZE will come greater
N5or of constitution, which Will re
move one Of the principal objections te
talS breed of COWS.
al farmers wives know that The
Wood from apple trees, especially IRON
The twigs and branches pruned, Is very
nch in potash. The same is true O
stone fruits. such as the peach or plum
The reason, apparently, is that the tre'
IN fruiting makes large demands OF
The root for potash, and that the annua
growth is made up from what II let
over Of the same kind of sap. Yount
HuIt trees that have never borne hav
not so much potash, though they al
nave more than trees GROWN in dens
forests.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12

When a COW is dry she should not
receive heavy rations of grain. Hay
and fodder, with small proportion of
bran, is better than concentrated food,
as such COWS are non producers, and if
fed too heavily will become fat, a con.
dition which is not very favorable at
the calving period, milk fever often re-
sulting when the COW is too fat from
overlooking.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
NIrRArEs IN THE SOIL.

as SOIL fertility is of so much moment
20 farmers, and as the productiveness
OF soil is directly proportional to the
amount Of nitrates which it contains,
ana the facilities or favorable con-
altlons offered for the conversion of
organic nitrogen into nitrates, the sub
Ject of nitrifcation becomes one of
prime importance to agriculturists.
Nltre or saltpetre is a compound of
nitrogen which represents the form of
combination in which nitrogen must
De- In order that plants may use it as
1000. The organic nitrogent of the
SOIL, as we'll as that contained in such
tertlllzer materials as cotton seed meal,
castor pomace, dried blood, fish scrap,
ana tankage must be converted into
nitrate OF ammonia salts before plants
can use it as food.
All nltrates are formed through the
instrumentality of small microdemes
or living organisms, which require GER
tain conditions for proper growth and
development. They require Q) air or
oxygen, (0 a due amount of moisture,
(3) proper temperature, SO degrees to
100 degrees f. being best, "a phosphatee
and other ash ingredients of plants, %
mild alkali such as carbonate of lime,
(6) organic matter containing nitrogen,
and (O shade is also favorable to their
development.
The germs themselves are in greater
or less numbers in all cultivated soils,
and in order for soil to furnish the
conditions mentioned above, it must
be loose and porous, so as to admit the
air freely to it; it should be well drained
and have good capillary action, so that
at all times it will as near as possible
have that moisture about it which is
present when ground plows we'll, as
this is the degree of moisture most de-
sirable, and it should have plenty of
organic matter in it to furnish nitrogen
and favorably influence the supply of
water.
Soils deficient in the nitric ferment
germ are barren, while those which
furnish conditions favorable for nitre
bed, conditions such as have been given
above, are always fertile. Prof. w. L.
Hutchinson, in Southern Farm Gazette,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12

1t is generally said that the potato
is exclusively native of the Western
continent, whence it was introduced
into Europe about three hundred years
ago. But the Chinese had the potato
growing long before the discovery of
America by Columbus 1t is still found
growing wild on the borders of Tartary,
and in the western provinces of China
the potato is as much a staple food as
rice is in the eastern portions of the
Empire. 1t seems certain that the po-
tato was indigenous to both hemi-
spheres, though it was unknown in
Europe until it was introduced by Sir
Walter Raleigh.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12

This is the time of year when the
breeders of fancy poultry are thinning
off their focks and disposing of the
surplus. Most beginners in poultry
growing and egg production wait until
spring, thinking that thus they will
save the expense of winter keeping.
But the poulterer necessarily charges
for this, and at higher rates than most
private parties would pay if they Kept
them over winter themselves. There
is nothing like buying fancy poultry
when it is most plentiful 1t is a good
time, therefore, for farmers who have
kept mongrel poultry to sell it all off
and begin with few of the very best.
From a single trio bought now the
flock may be increased next year to
any extent desired.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
KEEP A RECORD OF WORK.

Every farmer is to a great extent
manufacturer, and ought to keep a
record of his operations. This is the
key to success in any business. But
the soil -tiller should attend to some
other matters in connection with his
accounts. A writer in an exchange
suggests that a map of the farm, with
each field numbered, and its size, quail
ity of soil, etc., specified, will be great
aid in keeping track of the years trans
action. How many farmers have such
a guide and convenience? And how
many kept such a memoranda the
past year as will enable them to tell
the expense of each crop grown7 And
how about the domestic animals2 If
you keep COWS what have they paid
you per head in the aggregated And
what of sheep, swine, and even chick
ens9 How much did each contribute
to your income, and which was the
most proftable9
Those who can answer those perti-
nent questions must be well advised in
regard to their financial position, and
need no admonition; but we fear many
are utterly unable to give any detailed
account of their farming operations. or
whether the balance is on the right or
wrong side of the ledger. It is need
less to say that such management
would soon wreck any commercial en-
terprise, and hence the frequent COM
plant that farming don't pay" is not
surprising. We would suggest that
you keep an accurate account of your
doings, and you will not only be wiser.
but ere long, richer in consequence, In
fact, resolve that you will know how
you stand at the close of another year.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
,oprp CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALI
ANCE,

,or,ry oApoLINA FARMERS STATE ALI
ANCE.
President DIR. Cyrus Thompson,
Richlands, =. q: piJoo
Vice e-President-Jno. Graham' Rloge-
way, N. Q. poos
Secretary -Treasurer-W. 3. Barnes
hItel8mi ee8{llirerEJ ar TB. Hoover, Elm City,
n steward t.; DIR. V. N. soawell' Villa
nVT' VGb'aDiain-Rev. nj P. H. Massey, Dur
nf5G' fD5o'orkeeper-GeO. T. Lane Greens
AS Assistant Door-keeper-Jas. E. Lyon
Durham, N. =: WALLACE
Sergeant-at-Arms-A. d. K. WaIlace'
Rutherforiton, N. Q.
State Business Agent-T. lVey' Hel-
eigh, N. G. VI
trustee Business Agency Fund-W.
Graham, Machpelah, n. Z.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Oh THE NORTH
n1RoLINA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
Ar Hileman, Concord. N. c.; n.
q English, Trinity, N. G.; James ID.
MeWborne, Kins on, N. Z.
STATE ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
John Graham, Gatesville, N: O.. Dr.
JF. HarreIl, Whiteville, n. O.; L. j.
Gambler, Acton, n. q.
sorth Carolina Reform Press Association.
GHcers-J. L. Ramsey, President |;
agTion Butler, Vice President; ". 3.
9dHses, Secretary,
PAPERS.
Progressive Farmer, State Organ, Raleigh, =. g g
sTsrc(TTv Hickory, N. z.
RSffIe- Whitakers, n. q.
mr. Home Beaver Dam, n. q.
The POnnIfst LumbertOn, N. G..
Tbe Pe6nIe7s Paper, Charlotte, n. Q.
Tbs VsstihuTe Concord, N. Q.
me PIOyC- C-ROv WadesbOrO, N. 9.
Carolina WatChmaE, SailsOury' N -
Each of the GbOUe-nGnGed papers are
rsg@ested to keep the list standing on
lie first page and add others, prOUtded
Iheg are daGtg elected. A7ly paper fail
sBg 80 advocate the OcGlG platform tUGLt
ss dropped from the list promptly. Our
94ogZe can 11OtU see IUbGt papers are
pI5Ejsbed i7s their interest.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
vECUTIVE BOARD.

HL. Loucks, Huron, 5. D.; Mann
PAGE, 1 Brandon, Virginia; |; Z; Dean
Zone go5eove Falls, New York; Il. =. Dem
ming % Secretary. Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
Vt vsnia: Marion Butler, Raleigh, N. =.
JUDICIARY.
r. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo.
3. W. Beck, Alabama.
ND. Davie, Kentucky.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-12
~.u NATIONAL FARMERS ALI
ANCR AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

Pregident-J. F. WiIletts, Topeka
Kan. O,oveIv. Ieb
% Secretary Treasurer D. r Dun
.sn. Columbia, s. q.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-08-01

The will of the late Richard Vaux. inst
discovered, IS a characteristic document
1t begins as follows: Being of suficient
mind and understanding to know what il
my last Will and testament without the aid
or my countrymen, l do make this nv last
VIII and testament and publish the same
by those present. After disposing of his
estate, he concludes: Il desire that such
papers and the historical views Of old
buildings and like collections made bv nv
father, Robert Vaux. who was the most
active of the originators of the present
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, be
spect to my fathers memory, as have no
very exalted respect for that society. thar
in 1850 or about that year. drew party
politics into the election of its officers .
The countess Fellce di Orsini who
widow of the Count di Orsini, the chief
organizer of the attempt on the life Of
countess lived irf the greatest retirenent
and in almost abject poverty.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-08-01
HOUsEs ANn sToKMs FoM ItNNT.

-~-~~-~-~~~-~~~~~~~-~-o-~~ ~~~~0-~-~-~~-~-~~~~~~~
TO RENT FROM 1sT OCTOBER
next No. 126 and l3D Bay street, the ele-
CANT offices at present occupied by the
ocean Steamship Company and TING de
srable store, at present occupied by Col
Inns, Grayson q GO; AlPly 70 y NJ. Cum
ningham, Central RAILROAD Sank.
FOR RENT. FROM AUG i, DEsIRA-
BILE residence at Isle OF Hope. John +.
Rowland 50 Bay street
FOR RENT. FROM OCT. /, DWELL
ing 100 Taylor street. near Dfayuon For
particulars apply s. Gdckennelmer, Bay
and jefferson streets.
FOR RENT AUG. j, HOUSES. rs JET
ferson; lS2; New Houston; ali tcOnYenl en-
ces; also III jefferson. Oct.s ]. Louis Vo-
gel, 20 JEFFERSON
FOR RENT, FROM OCT !, STORES
and. residence overhead, No % and 81
East Broad, corner Va heaton street. w.
j. Harry.
FOR RENT, OFFICES AND STORES
in Kelly building; Bay street. John Elan
merry q Co.
FOR RENT, SMALL HOUSE, IN
thorough order; good location; moderate
rent; possession immediate. DR.. Wells,
Liberty street
FOR LEASE, TO DESIRABLE TEN
ant for term Of years, one of the most
comfortable homes In the city, in first
class condition and all modern improve
ments, centrally located, racing south,
on 80 feet of ground front, with large
dress Postofice Box %.
FOR RENT, FLORIDA HOUSE, IOi
Broughton street is rooms, remodeled
painted and papered throughout; possess
sion Immediately. Apply Albert WylIy,
l20 Bryan street
FOR RENT, MY RESIDENCE FRONT
ing south on York street corner Lin
coin. Vim. w. Gordon, Jr., Room c, Mer-
chants Bank Building.
FOR RENT SEVERAL FIRST
class houses, I'm good location. at reason
able rent Apply Solomon Cohen.
WE HAVE DESIRABLE DWELLINGS
for rent from the lst Of October Apply
Champion & Germany, No. 1l8 Bryan
street
FOR RENT 175 HALL STREET. APP
ply l7B Hall street.
BEAUTIFULLY LOCATED HOUSE.
~ Perry street facing Bull street square
modern convenience possession given inn
mediately. Apply 70 savannah Broom
Factory.
FOR RENT. DESIRABLE DWELLING
President street. north side, second house
east Lincoln street, possession given lgn-
medintely. Apply % F. X. Douglass Mu-
tuai Life Insurance c0mpuuy8 Onlce,
Board o. Trade Building.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-08-01
HOUSES AND sTOREs ron RENT.

HOUSES. SUI AND s. SOUTH BROAD
street. oct. !. NJ. s. Baker. real estate
agent. Is South Broad street
FOR RENT. HOUSE loss NEW HOIs-
ten street. All modern impToycm ents
Possession at once. Apply Appel 4
Schaul
STORES. THREE FINE ALL METAL.
glass front. FIRE proof stores. . car ln-5
pass doors. all the Central T. C.. and r.
anu sam railroad passengers pass. spien-
Ga stands for furniture. dry goods, pro-
nne auction rooms. South Broad and West
Broad streets. J. T. Cuilmartin & Co.
FOR RENT. FOR THREE MONTHS.
residence. ia Abcrcorn street. corner Hum
ungdon. Apply 10 Murray Stewart. 81 Bay
street
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-08-01


FOR SALE. OR EXCHANGE FOR
improved savannah property. a handsome
ten room residence at HapeVille, on Cen
tral railroad eight miles from Atlanta
ten passenger trains TO city daily: youns
orchard with variety Of fruit trees. For
terms. etc, address +. j.. Bloodw0rth,
savannah. Ca.
THE BOOM HAS BUSTED AND AN
oHering lots conveniently located 20 two
street car lines. at rock bottom prices .
you viii lose money by delaying: buy now f..
they will sell higher next spring. w. X
Wilkinson.
COTTAGE or ANDERSON AND
Barnard streets. rooms and bath, hot
and cold water and gas; VIII sell cheap.
w. j. Miscally, Jr.
HOUSES FOR SALE. HAVE TWO
nice, twO-st0ry HOUSES that / viii sell
10 the right party on easy terms. these
houses nave an the modern improve
ments: For particulars call at the of
fee Of the Electric Railway Co., corner
Gwinnet and Price streets. j. $. Collins.
President
sPLENDIDLY SITUATED sUBUR-
ban lots. well drained and supplied with
artestan water, az rock bottom prices
special terms TO builders. W. *. Wnkin-
son.
PROPERTY SOUTHEAST CORNER
Bryan and Houston. Broom house, m
good condition, and store. w j. Miscal-
~ Jr.
LOTS. THIRTY TO FIFTY FEET
wide by nincy-hve to one hundred and
twenty feet deep, for sale al rock bottom
prices; terms TO suit. w X wilkinson
TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFE
~ dollars-Ihe above amount viii pur-
chase three 2-story houses In splendid rent
ing locality; this property pays l6 per
cent. on the price asked. John 4. Row
land. 96 Bay street
BEFORE YOU BUY OR SELL PROP
erty consult Robert II. Tatem, Real Es-
tate Dealer l29 York street. near Bun
street.
CYPRESS SHINGLES. FOR TYBEE
and other coast points. have been further
boats can load at the MILL carload lots "a
speciality. Vale Royal Manufacturing
Company.
UNREDEEAIED WATCHES, JEWEL
~. organs. sewing machines, clothing
very cheap. Arthur Deutsch. Pawn Bro
ker, Congress street. next to SolomOns
drug store.