The Penn's Grove record., 1895-10-18
H DILL the after-dinner pill and
HOODS FlliS family cathartic. 25c.
GREAT QUAKES
SEVERE EARTH TREMORs IE
THE UNITED STATES.
Old Lakes Drained and New Ones
Created = Ca~lifornia's Disturb
ance-Charleston's Terrible
Visitation In 1850.

United States during the
present century, said Pro-
lessor Gilbert, the geologist, to q
writer for the Washington Star. "One
that was very remarkable occurred in
1911 and 1912 near the head of the
deltal of the Mississippi. 1t embraced
q number of severe shocks at short
intervals during several months. In
fact, the disturbance lasted about two
years. The ground was moved In
visible waves, by which the trees of
the forests we're rocked and in some
cases uprooted, their branches being
SO entangled that it was impossible to
separate them.
ttGreat cracks in the earth yawned
and closed again at each shock, while
from the assures mud was thrown into
the air so violently as to lodge In the
branches of trees. Some lakes were
drained by the escape of their water
into the chasms which were opened,
while others were created by the sink
ing of the kAnd. One great sunken
area thus produced was eighty miles
long by t~hirty-fve miles broad.
"'The other two big quakes to which
I refer occurred SO lately as to be re-
membered by the present generation.
! One of them happened in the Inyou
Valley of California. II was caused by
a renewed movement on what we ge-
ologists would call o great fault-plane
| at the eastern base of the Sierra Ne
| yada Mountains. In hat part of the
| world there is extensive 'faulting' In
| the structure of the mountain ranges.
/ each range consisting Of one or more
| huge blocks of rock bounded by faults
| and lifted above it's neighbors. A
| fault is made by the sinking of one
mass of rock in such a manner as to
| change the relation of its elevation to
that of a mass adjoining.
''The creation of such faults is often
incidental to earthquakes A renewed
movement along the great fault line
of the Inyou valley, in 1872, produced
a tremendous seismic disturbance.
The shocks continued for fourteen
months. Great assures were formed
along the base of the mountain range
for a distance of forty miles, the lane
west of the fault rising and east OF i
falling several feet. A fence was part
ed for a distance of fourteen feet II
one spot. Owens River was tempo
rarily swallowed up, and numerous
other phenomena excited the aston
;shment and alarm of observers.
"The memory of the Charleston
earthquake of 1886 is yet vivid. Ih'
focus of the disturbance was about fiji
teen miles west of the city. Numer
GUS big cracks opened in the earth o
the surrounding country. Water an
mud were thrown up, and raifws.
tracks were dislocated and buckled
The first great shock lasted for abou
a minute, others following with gradu
ally decreasing violence. At the en-
of four weeks they ceased to be de
structive, but tremors were felt occa
sionaHy for several months. Twenty
seven people were killed outright.
sGThe invention of the delicate re
cording instrument called the 'seismo
graph has revealed the fact that earth
auakes are far more numerous an
frequent than used to be imagined. II
some parts of the world feeble shock
occur almost daily. Probably there /
no part Of the earth where they can
not be detected at short intervals
One of the most remarkable quakes o
this century took place in Chile Ii
1928. On that occasion several hun
bred miles of the coast were lifted
number of feet. 1t has been reckoned
that enough rock was thus elevated t.
make q mountain the size of Noun
Etna-
asThe Charleston earthquake wa
felt distinctly at q distance OF W
miles. A comparison of time showe'
that the shock Travelled at the rate o
II, 900 feet q second. The assures i
the earth's crust, which are among tn
most terrifying of seismic s,henomena
must be Of great de- smetimef
though nobody has v Nto fatf
ON them. They have been own t
swallow rivers for days withons bein
Allied up. Severe shocks are commonl
accompanied by soundslike explosion
near or distant. Quakes under tn
sea produce waves on the surface hk
those created by a pebble thrown int
a pool, and sometimes such w rus
up on the land, doing a great deal {
damage.
"There has been much dispute as t
the causes of earthquakes. They ar
often associated with volcanic phe
! nomena. When the lava of q volcan
/, contains much water, the latter is con
! verified into steam and produces ez
Iplosions which jar the ground 70
miles. The explosion Of the grea
mime at He'll Gate, in New York, occs
!, STONED t~remblings of the earth whic
-o.o ahaa-uad 17S milaa awavn