Baxter Springs news. [volume] (Baxter Springs, Kan.) 1882-1919, 1895-05-25

DuTu HOT support Soihoustoh' III
fact no experiments can be tried
with II. II is nitrogen. the inert gas
. with which the air is diluted.
. FoURTH.-Acids, bases and salts.
A base is compound of a metal
with oxygen and hydrogen. The
. most common bases are lime, caus-
tic soda, and caustic potash. The
combination of an acid with base
is salt. Usually the salt can also
, be produced by combining the acid
. directly with the metal. The most
common acids are sulphuric, nitric,
and hydrochloric acids. Sulphuric
, acid ia n heavy liquid which boils
with difficulty, nitric acid il light
liquid which boils easily, hydro
chloric acid is "A gas which is gen
orally obtained dissolved in water,
and known as muriatic acid. The
combination of a metal or base with
sulphuric acid is called sulphate,
with nitric acid n nitrate, with hy-
drochloric acid chloride. Thus
zinc sulphate, silver nitrate, and
copper chloride are composed OF
zinc. silver, and copper combined
with the three acids respectively.
Ammonia acts as base and makes
salts similar to those of soda and
potash.
Make zinc sulphatc of zinc and
sulphuric acid Dissolve Il silver ten
cent piece in nitric acid and rain
water. There is little tin and cop
per in the coin, which will be re-
moved by subsequent experiments;
the result is mostly silver nitrate.
Make copper sulphate and nitrate.
Heat some of the nitrate until il is
"a black powder. This is copper on
idea base. Make copper chloride
of ii. Hydrochloric acid will not
act on the metallic copper, but will
on the oxide. Make some lead nj.
tratc. All of these substances are
salts. they can he obtained as solids
by boiling out the water. Hold the
mouths of open bottles of ammonia
and hydrochloric acid together.
| The white smoke formed il ammo
MUM chloride If it could be al
lowed to settle and be collected il
would be found To be white pow
der. Pour ammonia and hydro
chloric acid carefully together.
White ammonium chloride will be
produced. Make ammonium nitrate
and sulphate. All salts are not sol
i'd Make zinc chloride. 1t will be
found to he an oily liquid. Com
mon salt is sodium chloride. 1t can
be made of the metal sodium and
hydrochloric acid. but as sodium is
expensive it is better TO use it's com
pounds. Take small quantities each
of concentrated I've, washing soda.
and baking soda, and pour careful
" hydrochloric acid on them. As
the boiling grows less pour it drop
by drop until the last drop produces
no effect. Boil the water out aud
the result in each case will be found
to be common salt. The salts. after
being made, can often be decom-
posed again into the acids and
bases from which they were formed.
\ chloride or n nitrate on being
treated with sulphuric acid is
changed to sulphatc, and hydro
chloric or nitric acid given off. So
most salts, OH being treated with
caustic soda or Potash, give up
their acid to make sodium or po-
tassium salt, leaving the hydroxide
or base of the metal from which
they were formed.
Boil a few drops OF nitric and of
hydrochloric acid. so as to be able
to recognize the vapors by the
smell. 1t is dangerous, however, to
inhale more than u small quantity
Put sulphuric acid on common salt
and heat gently. Hydrochloric acid
is given off. The hydrochloric acid
of commerce is prepared in this
way. Try the same experiment with
other chlorides aud nitrates. With
nitrates nitric acid will be given off.
Treat solutions of copper, silver,
lead. and iron salts with caustic
soda or potash. The bases precipi-
tated can be used in place of the
metals in making new salts. The
experiments are most striking with
ammonia salts. Ammonium nitrate
has neither the smell nor taste of
ammonia or nitric acid. On being |
treated with sulphuric acid there is
a strong odor of nitric acid; with
caustic soda or potash or slaked
lime there is strong smell of am
monia. All these experiments work
better If the mixtures are gently
heated. c. ii. RowELL.
Anyone who has ever had an at
tack of inflamnatory rheumatism
will rejoice with Mr.. ]. A. Stumm,
20 Boyle Heights, Los Angeles,
over his fortunate escape from
siege of that distressing ailment.
Mr.. Stumm is foreman of Merriam's
confectionery establishment. Some
months ago when leaving the heat