New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-08-25


thick They have for their prototype the old
"sasher' in the hand process.
BY the OF the tub machine still fur,her
advance is made since this effects the temperihS
and the mixing with water to make the clay pasuc
for moulding and at the time the line OF
shaftlng accomplishes the pressing, so that the
clay is out from moulds. all ready 10 De car
f!ed to the drying grounds
But in arriving at this state the moulding
process has had to pass through various stages.
In the hand process the moulder OF the Eastern
and Middle States takes the clay after 1t is
tempered and mixed and moulds one brick al
time In light cast-iron mouds The clay Is piled
on a stand the mouder throws handful OF sand
over 1t, and then works the mass INTO what Is
called "wauk" This ne dashes into the mould
cutting off the superfuous material with plane.
4 boy carries this to the drying f1oor' where IL
remains for twenty-four hours.
In what Is known as the pallet system OF dry
Ing the bricks are dumped on series or boards
whch hold five six bricks each, and these are
piled up the drying grounds. The pallets are IN
fact n series OF adjustable shelves with adjustable
covers They are piled up generally twelve pallets
high. After drying few days the bricks are
taken I'D and piled into "hacks" OF twelve or
thirteen bricks high. and left where the air can
pass freely through the piles They are then ready
kilns. The pallet system OF drying Is sener-
ally used In the "slop' method OF moulding that
is. where the mouds are wet with water. instead Of
being sanded.
WAYS OF DRYING.
There are three methods of drying In the chain or
development from the ancient to the most recent
fashion These are the good I'd sunshine plan.
where nature does the work, then the shed system,
and finally that of artificial heat. In the shed sys-
TEN the moulded clay Is placed under cover The
clay is there dried by natural currents the SOFT
mud variety being put into pallets and piled up IN
racks. The tunnel system is a part OF this method
when the brick is hacked" upon the bottom Of cars
and run into the tunnel. Is put on hacking pallets
Where artificial heat is used for drying the agent
is hot air steam. The bricks are sometimes put
into cupboards and dried by hot air. Steam pipes
passing under the floor effect the purpose In one
way One large mill has its dryers In system OF
tunnels with brick hues 40 feet long 3l9 feet wide
and feet high. 4 railroad track runs through
each tunnel and on these the bricks drawn on
The fire CRATES and doors are at one END ana
The next step leads the manufacturing process to
the kiln There has been as great Eat pr0grsss IN
OF machinery. Wood has been superseded by coal
Wha! this means may be nars v Pa wea ' be
required now annually for kilns. This would make
P miles 0ns se nsn sHa kiln a ben
one Of the improvements In setting up the brick Tor
sS ensd best Th for hard or
kiln IL the most economical This kind Of kiln Is
ep ssr WHICH f"e slowly Though the
In the Hoffman, kiln. invented In Europe and OF
are I l@rt standing While in the up and down draft
kilns the flames come directly In contact with the
brick In the ''mufie" kiln this is not so. In the
former cases the brick are burned In the latter
they are baked The results are not essentially diff
ferent The muffie kiln is used for some Of he
finer grades OF brick. especially the ename!led. the
object being To prevent discooration While this
form OF kiln turns out the largest proportion OF
hrst-cass brick II Is the most expensive. The Use
OF the I'D and down draft kiln depends upon the
kind OF clay and the locality. Natural gas. and
crude oil are used instead OF coal good deal for
burning.
MOST IMPROVED METHODS.
The greatest improvements in machinery for brick
making have been made for the manufacturing OF
fine brick. The clay Is dumped into large hopper
audI L.. al HI.