The Washington times., 1895-06-19


The first tools used are the rip and cross
cut saws The difference between them
is shown, the reason for such difference
and Tor the shape of the teeth Of each being
explained and demontrated. The result
OF this lesson with the saws is a piece OF
rough pine, about fifteen inches long
five inches wide, and one inch thick, this
forming the stock for the first lesson with
the planes The first planning lesson is
designed TO teach the method of reducing
rough stock TO the dressed piece To make
this as clear as possible, no dimensions
for the finished piece are given, for this
would involve the boy in greater diff
cnities than he could Well overcome at
this first contact with a difficult tool
Irrespective of size, this first piece is
required to be properly finished, even if it
necessitates the taking OF another piece of
stock before the boy reaches satisfactory
and appreciahle results. The aim is to
impress the boy With the fact that right
position OF the body, right holding of the
tool, and right order in executing the
different stages of the exercise are the
only thugs in which he is expected TO be
exact at first EXactness in these matters
viii bring eXactuess in results All sub
sequent exercises are preceded by practice
with the saws in getting out the required
stock. They also involve this first learned
method OF dressing from herough
The second lesson supplements the first by
requiring the dressing TO be to given dimen-
sions. The resulting piece is used to give
practice with the gauge, square and
knife, in the elements of laying out work
Exercises two and three introduce the
next seqUential operation, that OF cutting
with the chisel. In the former, the cutting
Is upon flat surfaces only. but in the latter
both flat and convex surfaces are formed
with the chlsel, and concave surface with
the gouge.
Upon the exercises so far executed, the
following tools have been used: Rip saw,
croSs-cut saw, back saw, jack plane. fore
plane, smoothing plane, marking gauge,
Ty-square, bevel diyiders, brace bits,
chisel, gouge, rule and pencil. These,
with the hammer, constitute the tools most
used.
In the fourth and fifth exercises. lap
joints, fitting together the parts cut, is
tried for the first time. In the next exer-
else the same operation is repeated, but
the cutting is OF a different ana more diff
cult kind. In these exercises in fitting
the work is comparatively easy, but in
exercise seven, the frame where there are
four distinct joints, each dependent for
its excellence upon all the Others. the
necessity of great accuracy is more plainly
taught. 1t is another lesson i'll the de-
pendcnce of the success of the whole upon
faithful attention to details.
Exercise eight teaches another form of
joint likely to be of use in subsequent
work
Exercise nine. the final one is preliminary
to the special piece rather than supplement
tary TO those which have preceded il. The
inlaying is usually from the boys own
design.
1t was found that during thesummer vaca-
| tion the boy loses considerable Of the skill
acquired during the previous year. There
| fore. at the beginning of the eighth grade,
a review of few OF the more disciplinary
of the early exercises is made, until the
! boys confidence and-faciIity are restored.