davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
STOCK.

The honey of our country comes from
small number of hives upon large
number of farms, large apiaries being
the exception, and yet our returns from
honey and wax amount to more than
s6.000,000 annually. That knowledge
which comes from experience and close
attention lie more demanded in this work
than capital or hard work.
Practical men do not hesitate to say
that nearly half the feeding value of
corn is in the fodder. This is one of the
lessons our calamities have taught US.
Where there were almost no ears at all
but the fodder cut and shocked before
it was spoiled. it was worth nearly a
whole corn crop in better years.
Hungarian and millet, cut green be
fore seed forms, make excellent hay for
horses and cattle, and help out short
hay crop. 1t is not too late to SOW it
now, in many regions. Prepare we'll and
SOW thick. 1t natures quickly, and
should be cut green, as the ripe seed are
not good for stock.
If the American farmer will study to
acquaint himself with what the British
and German and other European con.
sumers of American products want, he
will not only find quicker. but more
lucrative, market in those countries.
This will profit him more than his usual
futile attention to politics.
Silage is much more digestible than
dried food. and the animal eating it lays
on fat faster; mich cows give more and
better milk; animals thrive upon it. and
are more healthy. If turned among ami
mails not thus fed, they can be selected
without mistake. A not unimportant
fact is that they prefer silage 10 all
other food.
Much beef goes to market which has
cost more to produce than tits worth.
Nothing but frequent use of the scales
will tell us whether we are likely to get
pay for the food consumed. A months
test at the Virginia station showed that
the cost pound of increase varied from
eight to twenty five cents.
Brush bees afflicted with foul brood
on frames of comb foundation in new
hives, and place them over jar of food.
To quart of this food add 16 grains Of
salicylic acid, 16 Of soda borax, and an
ounce of water. The only loss will be
in the old combs and frames, which
should be burned up.
No breeder or farmer who has ever
raised any of the improved stock will
say that the old native was just as
good. The introduction of the draft
and coach breeds and thorough bred
has more than doubled the value of our
native horses. and so can We say of our
sheep and hogs.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
FEIGNING DEATH.

Most persons, we imagine, have been
amused at the perfect way in which the
Dor Beetle feigns death on being cap
tured; there it lies, stiff and rigid. Poor
thing!" says the unsuspicious traveller.
IL did not mean to hurt it.; but this
laundering and buzzing about ones eyes
and ears was intolerable. / only just
struck it down with my handkerchief,
and see, now it is dead" He drops it
again on the grass, from whence he has
picked it up, and passes on with sigh.
to think that he has put stop to one
happy existence Scarcely is he yard
from the spot, before the rigid spiny legs
become timber, the motionless shards
are expanded, and out come the filmy
wings. and the late seemingly dead in
sect is laundering and droning away as
actively as ever. "Ca-aw. ca-aw," comes
along a homeward bound crow, flying
low, to see if he can pick up choice
morsel for supper. Alas, for the poor
Dor Beetle! he'll soon be as dead as
mutton; and dead he is. sure enough.
killed with fright, one would think.
Down he drops, and down, too, comes
the crow, eyes him for moment with
bead on one side, in contemplative atti-
tude, turns him over, to see if the Great
ure is really lifeless, and then satisfied
with the scrutiny, spreads out his sable
wings. and sails away supperless. pre-
ferring rather to do this than to feast
upon an insect which he has not had the
pleasure of first killing. Up again
springs the cunning mot the dulD beetle
as Osborne calls it,
THAT ever and anon smites us with sudden
stroke.
Stopping at once its heavy hum.'
And thus ends an Episode of Insect
Life" which "Acheta DOmesticd" has
neglected to write; more's the pity, for
no one else could write it so we'll.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
WHO WAS JACK KETCH?

Jack Ketch was, in England, public
executioner. who assumed Office some
time after the period of the Restoration.
Previous to his time, the "finisher of the
law" was called "Old Dun." and Squire
Dun," from a person of that name who
was a hangman during the Common
wealth. Cotton, in his Virgil Traves-
tie," which was written in 1910, intro
duces Squire Dun thus
Away. therefore. my lass does trot,
And presently at halter got,
Made of the best string hempen Leer,
And, ere a cat could lick her ear,
Had tied it up with as much art
AS Dun himself could do for heart"
Butler, in his "Hudibras," makes
mention of this worthy under the same
name:-
"And while the work is carrying on,
Be ready listed under Dun"
That Ketch, however, was in Office in
the year 1852, we have evidence from
Buffers Ghost" where, in reference to
his predecessors fees, he is spoken of in
the following manner
It'll Ketch, observing he was ehoused.
And in his profits much abused" &c.
Before Dun, the name of the person
who acted as public executioner was
Gregory Brandon. This parsonage, by
one Brook. a herald, SO imposed upon Sir
William Segar, garter king-at-arms,
that the latter conferred arms on him!
The modification Of the old knight on
his discovery Of the fraud which had
been perpetrated on him. may well be
imagined.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
POULTRY.

The appreciation for fancy poultry
has not yet reached as high pitch in
this country as in England. Over there
fabulous prices are sometimes paid for
prize Cochins, Brahmas and other kinds,
running all the way from fifty to three
hundred dollars. With such success
must come love for the business, and
this we can have.
Make your hens lay when eggs are
highest, and let the breeding be done
while they are cheap. There is such
thing as keeping non-setting breed at
work while the settlers are Matching,
thus paying the expenses of the latter;
and breed as many chicks as possible,
for each one represents just so much
money.
The best customers will pay the best
prices for we'll dressed, we'll fattened
poultry. Breed the best flesh formers
for MARKET and feed them up to as
great a weight as possible. Dispose of
every three year old hen, and keep all
the pullets; each pullet should be worth
81 as prospective winter layer.
Keep strict account of every cent of
receipt and expenditure with the poul-
try; be sure to charge and credit fairly.
1t is business, and will pay only when
conducted as business. The droppings
at rs cents barrel will go long way
toward paying for their feed.
Eggs cost less which have been pro-
duced by hens which have the privilege
of foraging, but the best egg records are
from focks which are kept in yards.
The latter require much labor, but there
is cost in range that must be balanced,
and sometimes the land is too valuable
to be given up to the flock.
Never have fear that there is dan
ger Of the poultry business being over
done. and this large country of ours
consumes more and more of eggs and
poultry every year. Our supplies fall
far short. and eggs are imported into
our cities by the millions of dozens every
season.
Fowls running at large will almost
take care of themselves for several
months in the year, and they are our
cleaners and economizers. converting in
to eggs what would otherwise go into
waste. In confinement they miss much
that is necessary to their growth and
we'll being, and must have it. Especial
ly should they have green cut bone.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
HOUSEHOLD HINTS.

A rose geranium leaf dropped in each
tumbler of apple jelly is said by good
housekeeper to impart a peculiarly deli
cious flavor. 1t is true that westerners
have by no means achieved the art Of
utilizing flower life in their sweetmeats.
AS prepared in the Orient these concoc
tions are most delicious. The Armenian
women and their neighbors. but not
friends. the Turkish wives. excel in the
compromising of such CONNECTIONS.
Thin slices of crisp toast are now. at
fashionable dinners, taking the place OF
the usual dinner roll. This has created
a place for individual silver racks, a
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05

To get rid of perennial weeds, they
must fret be prevented ripening their
seed, and then the plant itself must be
eradicated. Where it is possible they
should be pulled up; if small, keeping
them cut off will eventually kill them.
The best practice with land thus infested
is to plant it with some hoed crop, and
till them to death.
Unless it can be stacked under cover
and stirred frequently, it is better prac-
tice to haul the manure upon the fields
and spread it as fast as made. Hogs
will do the stirring of the heap if little
corn is covered up in it once in awhile;
but for the good of the hogs they should
not be allowed to sleep in it.
Lime causes chemical decomposition
in the soil, acting upon both it's inor-
ganic and organic constituents. On the
one hand it decomposes the silicates
which form the main part of the soil,
and liberates their alkalies; on the other
its work is to convert the nitrogen it
finds into ammonia. It sets free locked
up food.
The best time to pillow under green
crop is when it comes into full bloom.
AT maturity the plant does not decay SO
readily, nor yield up it's store of plant
food. Moreover, there will be less an
noyance from plants springing up where
the seeds have not been allowed to ripep,
when thus early covered.
The more effectually the urine is COL
lected and its escape prevented the
greater will be the per cent of nitrogen
and higher the value of manure. Litter
the stalls we'll with a good absorbent,
and then "fx" the resultant ammonia by
mixing with pile clay or vegetable refuse
matter.
Manure is not of the same worth at
all times. When lean beasts are put up
to fatten they at first exhaust the food
much more completely than they do
when they are nearly fattened, conse-
quently the manure is very inferior at
first, but it improves in quality as the
animal increases in flesh.
The farmer who plants an orchard, a
vineyard, nut grove or small timbe
tract now is simply casting an anchor
to windward." Such things should not
usurp the place of a broader agriculture.
but he is not blameless who does not
work some of them in conjunction. Two
or three hundred nut trees will become
worth more than the whole farm beside
The reason why it is better to spread
manure in the fall is because the soluble
parts are then carried into and incor-
porated with the soil through the fall
and winter. and are in readiness to lend
their aid to the very first growth of the
spring.
The low average yield in the grain
belt in the Southern States is in great
part due to the fact that much land is
cultivated with cereals which is not nat
urally adapted to them. but to pastures
and the growing of grasses and fruits;
but rest and better methods of cultiva-
ton are bringing them out.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
UNDER THE CLOUD.
To One in Grief.

Under the cloud we pass,
The cloud that dims our skies
The hot tears blur our eyes,
We enter the cloud, alas!
We mourn for our vanished bliss,
For the days that come no more,
With her laugh at the dear home door,
On our lips her tender kiss.
We sigh for the might-have-beens,
For the words we did not say
Was it only yesterday
And memory sits and spins
A web that is like shroud.
So thick and dark does 1t fold.
Woe for the tale that is told!
Like children we cry aloud.
For when she was here. and yet
Our own, for loves sweet grace,
When the lightingu up of her face
Could vanish our dull regret
And give us surcease from pain,
We took as common thing
(Ahi there is the sharpened sting)
The touch, the look. the strain,
The music and cheer she gave
And now she is gone away.
Lost into heavens bright day;
And we-plant flowers on her grave.
Ave, friends, we are under the cloud.
So white, SO chill, so thick,
And the heart grows faint and sick,
So fast do our wan thoughts crowd.
But the cloud has an upper side,
And somewhere out of the blue
Our darling is looking through,
And our sorrow is glorified.
MARGARET E. SANGsTER. in Christi
Intelligencer.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
DAIRY.


We can not tell exactly how milk is
produced, but we know that it comes
from the food. somehow. The great
dairy COW must have a large abdomen,
indicating health, vitality and vigor.
There may be an extreme in insisting
upon dairy FORM" most of all must sEe
be fitted to perform the functions of life
and health.
The good judge should know the rela.
tive Importance of breed characteristics
and dairy characteristics in COW. There
is no reason to believe that color, or the
shape, size or absence of horns really
affect the ability to give milk. That
which is form" in one COW may be al
most fault in another
Cows good for milk, and not neces.
sarily for beef, are the best, for pound
OF butter is always worth more than a.
pound of beef, and the life time of cow
will give many more pounds of butter
than the weight Of the carcass for beef.
This speaks much for the little Jerseys.
Cows kept properly by the farmer are
less subject to variations from true con-
ditions than large herds kept by dairy
men. painstaking system adopted on
the farm will bring up the farmers but
ter to higher price than creamery or
daisy butter can attain by any possible
ity.
Jersey crosses can readily be obtained
at very small coet, and cross of COM
mon. good cows with the Jersey is in all
probability the solution Of the butter
problem SO far as the profit goes-and
this goes the whole length of the butter
question on the farm.
In no circumstances should cream
stand more than "a hours before skim
ming. 1t should then be lightly covered,
for if the air is kept out by heavy lid to
the jar the cream will stink. 1t is folly
to add fresh cream few hours before
churning, for it will bring no butter.
Cleanliness is the chief consideration
in butter making. Trouble is the price
Of success-with the butter and your
reputation as butter maker. Do not be
afraid of repeated washings, for the ca
sein must come out of the butter if it is
to remain sweet. Never use coarse salt.
There is secret in knowing when to
churn and in being ready. Remember
that cream always loses in quantity by
souring; over sourness results in greater
loss. There is gain in both quantity and
quality of butter by churning as soon as
the cream is ripe.
The collection of cream is retarded by
the formation of network of minute
threads of fbrin. This formation is
favored by contact with rough surfaces
and by agitation. Set the milk in clean,
smooth metallic vessels in cold water.
Since the first step in changing from
summer to winter dairying is to have
the cows bred in December or January,
so that they may drop their calves in
the fall instead of in the spring, it is not
too early to begin laying plans now if
you purpose to make the change next
wear
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05

ance. and this to an interchange of
neighborly courtesies. twill not do
to cultivate exclusiveness in a country
village to "keep ones self to ones
SELF" as the saying is. All make it
a point to know all about everybody
else, and feels aggrieved if any i'm
pediments are thrown in their way.
This, however, is something of di-
gression.
We have only further to premise,
that Mrs. Adams had but lately be-
come resident of the village where
my story is located, and that her &C
quaintance with Mrs. Brown was
therefor of but recent date.
Bridget" said Mrs. Adams to her
Irish maid of all work, entering that
lady's precincts one morning, "how
much sugar is there left in the
bucket?"
"Shure, ma'am, and there isn't
more than enough to last today"
'Is it possiblel" said Mrs. Adams
in surprise; "and it was only got last
week. What makes it go off SO
fast?"
"I'm thinkin', ma'am, it's because
Miss Brown has sent to borrow it
three times"
"And hasn't she thought of return
ing it,"
"Well, first and last, she's borrowed
about ten pounds, and a few days
ago she sent in two pounds of dirty
brown sugar, full of sand and sticks
that wasn't fit for Christian at all tC
eat"
''Has she borrowed anything else
lately?"
81 should like to know what she
hasn't borrowed. Yesterday she bor-
rowed a bar of soap and quart OF
milk, half dozen pounds of flour
and a pint of molasses. Every day
she sends in her Jane to borrow some
thing or other"
"And doesn't she return other
things better than she has done in
the case of the sugar?"
Faith, ma'am, and its lucky you
may think yourself if she returns
anything at all"
eff that is the case, Bridget, mat
tiers must be looked into little
When Jane comes to borrow any
thing more, just let me know of it be-
fore you let it CO."
81 can't understand" thought Mrs
Adams, as she walked away, 'what a
woman can be thinking of to depend
constantly upon her neighbors. TIC
my mind it's just as bad to borrow
an article without intending to return
it, as to pick persons pocket"
Mrs. Adams had hardly seated
herself at her work, when Bridget
popped her head in at the door and
said
"Please, ma'am, Jane is here, and
she says Miss Brown sends her com
pliments, and would be much obliged
for the loan of castor"
Hasn't she got one Of her own?'
"Yes, ma'am, but it's got rusty
and she's going to have some com
pany to dinner"
"Very well; we can do without ours
for one day; but you must tell Jane
to return it before the dinner hour to-
morrow"
"Yes, ma'am."
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05
THE TROUBLESOME NEIGHBOR
BY CARL CANTAB.

RS. BROWN and Mrs.
Adams were near neigh
bors. If this had been
in the city, they might
have lived thus for many
years without making
each others acquaint-
ance. AS, however, the
village in which they
lived was but a small
one, vicinity naturally
lad to familiar acQuaint-
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05

Bridget disappeared, but returned
in the space of minute.
"Jane forgot to ask for the loan OF
table cloth and dozen knives and
forks"
"What can the woman mean?" said
Mrs. Adams, in establishment at this
new demand. "Well, you may give
them to her, but tell her strictly that
they must be returned to morrow"
at seems to me-" she continued,
when Bridget had left the room, "that
Mrs. Brown must be strangely des-
titute of household conveniences, or
she would never be obliged to Dor
row by the wholesale as she has done
lately"
Bridget" said Mrs. Adams, the
next evening, "has Mrs. Brown re-
turned the articles she borrowed yes
terday9'
Faith, not a bit of it; but bark
there's Jane knocking at the door
this very minute. Perhaps she's
bringing them back"
"Mrs. Brown sends her compli-
ments," said the young lady in ques-
ton, on being admitted, "and would
be greatly obliged by the loan of a
pair of glass lamps. Tommy broke
ours today, and she hain't got none
to burn"
"Well," said Mrs. Adams, not over
willingly, "she can have ours for to-
night. l suppose of course, she will
provide for herself tomorrow. But
you have not brought in the castor
and other articles l lent you yester-
day."
LA, no." said Jane coolly; "Mrs.
Brown thought as she expected COM
pany to dinner day after tomorrow,
she'd just keep 'em, and that would
save the trouble of sending again"
"very considerate, upon my word"
thought Mrs. Adams, though she did
not say it. She couldn't help saying,
however, with some slight emphasis,
SIS there anything else l could lend
Mrs. Brown today7"
"There now," said Jane, with sud
den recollection, 81 came near forget
ting one thing, and I should if you
hadn't mentioned it. Miss Brown
would like to borrow your gridiron."
"Gridiron?" said Mrs. Adams, in
some establishment.
eyes, ma'am; we've mislaid ours
where we can't find it, and so, if you
hain't no objections, we'd like to Dor
row yours, as we're going to brile
some steak tomorrow morning"
Bridget" said Mrs. Adams in
a tone of despair, "get the gridiron
for Jane, and if, she continued, turn
ing to the latter, "you could make it
convenient to return it in the course
of fortnight, | should be glad"
ooh yes" said Jane, simply, not
noticing the sarcastic tone in which
she spoke. 81 don't think we shall
want it above week"
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05

1t is well that the bee keeper bear in
mind that it is not wise for him to allow
queens to get too old, as they are liable
to be lost during the winter. Probably
three years is old enough for any queen.
She may live longer, but so many fail at
about that age that it is not we'll to keep
them to grow older.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-10-05

at the dinner-table. Bridget ought
to remember to place it on the table"
$50 she would, but Mrs. Brown,
our next door neighbor, has borrowed
it,"
Borrowed the castor2-rather a
strange request, I think. But why
didn't Bridget cook the steak I sent
home7"
Because Mrs. Brown has borrowed
the gridiron."
MRS. Brown again! You ought
not to lend her SO freely. By the way
where are all the umbrellas? 1t
rained this morning, but 1 could find
none in its place"
81 don't know, Pm sure. Perhaps
Bridget can inform us. Bridget"
said she, when that young lady had
answered the summons of the bell,
''do you know what has become of
all the umbrellas?"
"Shure, ma am, Mrs. Brown has got
two of 'em. She borrowed them a
week ago."
"And hasn't returned them yet''
"No, ma'am, and l don't believe
that's the worst of it."
Just then the bell rung, and Bird
get obeyed the summons.
"Mrs. Brown sends her compli-
ments." said she, re-appearing, "and
would like to borrow our largest
wash-tub."
Mr.. and Mrs. Adams looked at
each other in establishment.
"Well," said the former. at length,
"for sublime audacity the palm must
certainly be awarded to Mrs. Brown.
1t is said that three removes are as
bad as a fire, but l should like to
know how many removes are as bad
as borrowing neighbour
"Am l to tell Jane that, sir9" asked
Bridget, little mischievouslY.
mo, no." said Mrs. Adams, laugh
ing. "You may give her the tub, and
you needn't say anything about re-
returning tit won't do any good"
Seriously" she continued, 'some-
thing must be done, or the house
will very soon be empty. You don't
know half the extent to which Mrs.
Brown carries her borrowing propens-
ity. Within the last week she has
borrowed tea, coffee, milk, sugar,
-four, eggs, frying pans, tablenap-
The National tribune., 1895-06-13
THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE: WASHINGTON c. THURSDAY

the belligerent operations of the war, was not
upon the theater of the conflict, and had moth
ing to do with the objects and purposes of the
war" r.
For these reasons the claim was disnllowed.
The effect of the decision is to exclude large
number of persons w no entered the service be-
tween July, 1865. and May, 1866 from the
operations of tho pension law. Since the de-
cision was made it has been ascertained that
the Supreme Court, in December, 1867. held
that the war did not terminate until the date
of the Presidents proclamation on Aug. 20.
1866 The case then decided was under the
captured aud abandoned property act" which
authorized loyal owners of such property to
bring suit for its recovery in the Court of Claims
within two years after tho close of the war.
The court held expressly that the question of
the termination of tho war not to be left
TO each claimant to settle. bnt was TO be deter
mined by some formal public act of the Gov
eminent; that the first official declaration on
the point was the Presidents proclamation,
and that Congress had expressly adopted this
date as that on which the rebellion ended.
The opinion closed as follows: "As Congress
in its legislation for the army has determined
that the rebellion closed on the Goth day of
August, 1866. there is reason why its deciara-
ton on this subject should not DO received as
settling the question wherever private rights
are affected by it,"