The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-04-07

tie raised in the center pressed close to
the tree; around the edges, resembles the
bark of the twigs in color. and when full
grown is decidedly less than one-eighth Of
an inch in diameter.
Perhaps the majority Of the scales do
not equal one-sixteenth Of an inch where
they are closely crowded together The
Uales rarely exceed one-sixteenth inch in
diameter. At or near the middle of each
scale is small, round slightly elongat-
ed black point; or this point may some
times appear yellowish.
1t has been stated that the male of this
species is a winged insect. IL is very
minute, scarcely noticeable without a
very light and frail, at the mercy of the
least pun Of wind, and incapable of any
any great journey.
The female has no perceptible legs and
is utterly incapable of motion. She re-
sembles yellOwish or orange. flattsned
seed, in bulk many times that Of the
male: but firmly fixed to one point by
the scaly covering which Is at once her
protection and her grave The young
are active for a very brief time, two or
three days at most, and they crawl with
considerable rapidity, and great persist
ence. As soon as tho young louise has
inserted its beak into the plant, and has
begun TO feed, a change comes over IL,
cred by fine, white, vaxy film. This
turns first yellow and then gray or even
black and the creature IL a fixture, alb
sOlutely incapable thereafter of shifting
it's location under any possible circum-
stances. Strong winds may carry the
young bodily from one tree to another;
but the principal method OF spread Is by
means Of other insects which are winged,
and by birds The active young lice VIII
soon crawl upon any small winged insect
particularly If the latter Is OF dark
color. and they may be carried by 1t to
considerable distances.
As the insects must feed for a time In
srring before attaining their fuii CROWN
II follows that only such as are fixed TO
the tree itself have any chance OF re-
producing their kind. Those That nix TO
the leaves fall with them, and as these
dry or decay the insect dies for want OF
food before attaining maturity. we
have. thus, to consider only the wood.
free OF ali leaves, when attempting the
destruction OF the insect.
RECOMMENDATIONS
C.oloneI Whiteheads circular gives
formulas for all the tried remeoies, put
he agrees with Professor Howard. the
limited states Ethnologist. that the most
absolutely complete thing in its work OF
determination IS a solution of two pounds
of whale oil soap to one gallon OF water.
The following recommendations are by
Professor Smith, of New Jersey. changed
by Colonel Whitehead to suit the con-
ditions in Virginia.
First. Every orchard that has been set
out within the last six years, should be
thoroughly examined to ascertain whether
or not the scale is present.
Second. If 1t proves to be present and
is confined to few trees. the trees had
better be taken out and destroyed, unless
the infestation is so slight that the trees
can be gone over with a stiff brush and
all the scales actually brushed of.
Third IL the orchard is young, and the
trees are not too large to be handled. II
will be best TO use a stiff brush and. TAX
ing each tree separately, brush of all the
scales This looks Ike a good deal OF
mechanical work; but It will pay in the
end. IL can be done at any time during
the winter; II will be absolutely effective
and, with care, there need be no further
trouble from this insect In an orchard
so treated.
Fourth. II the trees are too numerous
to be treated by hand. or are too large
to DO conveniently handled prune back