davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31

method are that 1t is more expeditions,
that it gives the fleece better appear
ance and that the equipment is more
economically provided. After a little
practice one can become very expert in
this method so that he can tie for five
or six shearers. CIR where several
shearers are at work on raised bench
each can have his ball of Irvine and do
up his tleeces on the bench Just where
he shears, though it is better to let one
man tie up all the fieeces on a separate
table. They will thus be gotten more
uniform in appearance. know that |
encounter danger of being taken to
task for pract icing deception, but am
going to urge the practice of studying
to give the fleeccs the best possible out
ward appearance. l continually raise
my voice, both at home and in public,
against concealing any worthless ma
terial In fleeces, but it is no fraud to
fold the fleece in such way that the
brightest parts of the fleece will show
and the dark ends, the coarse locks and
discolored fribs not appear.
We never put any pulled wool, I'M
washed tags short-stapled or cotted
fieeces In others and never divide
rams fleece, making two, though l
consider this latter in no way fraud.
A fleece that has bulk corresponding
to its weight ought to pass without de-
duction, though it grew on ram and
has tell-tale odor. Wool should be
placed in a dry airy place. The direct
rays of the sun and even the full light
of the day will give it dingy hue.
But if packed away in a dark close
bin, moth and mice are apt to damage
worse.
1t Is generally believed that wool
will shrink in weight one per cent or
more In the few weeks Immediately
following shearing. But for two years
our own clip sacked in the fall and
weighed gained nearly three pounds
to the sack during the winter. 1t was
kept In the same room after being
sacked that 1t was before, 1t being on
an upper floor perfectly dry, well ven-
tilated and light It was result not
expected and not explained. As
rule, think the changes in weight
need not be taken into account one
way or the other.-H. P. Miller, In
Ohio Enrmer
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31

fleece, covering this as well as possible
Next lay the wool from the belly upon
this, place the loose, clean locks upon
this, and the fleece is ready to fold.
The fleece will now lie in a somewhat
irregular square, longer possibly
across the fleece than the measurement
from tail to shoulder.
Fold these edges, the front and back.
inward first until they nearly meet.
then make double fold or roll the
right-hand end up; holding this in
place with the right hand bring the
left-hand end up in the same wav.
catching it with the right hand; with
the left hand bring the string from the
back OF the fleece, then with pressure
by the left hand hold the fleece in DO
sitlon while the end of the string is
brought up with the other hand. This
hrst knot ought to catch the last
point OF the fleece that was turned up,
SO as to hold the fleece in form, though
no other cord were put about it. With
single knot at this point pass the
Irvine around at right angles, tying at
the same point. If the fleece is small
and the fibers hold well together, this
Is all the Irvine necessary. But in
large loose feeces it should be passed
around twice more, drawing in what
might be termed the corners of the
fleece This is all we ever place about
the fleece, thus having but one closely
tied bow knot. We never make prac-
tice of trying to get on as much Irvine
as possible. have seen feeces put up
In presses with four separate knots,
each containing not less than foot o:
Irvine. This practice, combined with
that OF using the coarsest, heaviest
Irvine obtainable. has mitigated against
the American wool industry very
greatly.
A couple Of years we tried using the
small hemp cord recommended by
manufacturers, but there was no flnan.
cial encouragement for its continu-
ance, and as it now costs more than
the wool will bring, per pound, we are
again using the common wool Irvine.
We arc careful, however, to get a
light, smooth Irvine.
With this method of tying 1t re-
quires about four pounds to the hun
dred heeces. The advantages of this
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
THE POULTRY YARD.

TURN down the flame of the brooder
lamp and look out for a sudden rise in
the incubators temperature when a
warm day comes.
Put pan of fresh water near tbs
hen house where the poultry must pass
In going to roost, that none NAV go to
bed thirsty. Many will stop any drinl.
IN the morning when they come out
POULTRY that is yarded often fails to
thrive from lack of grit Ground shell
does not furnish sufficient. Provide
sharp gravel or some of the granulated
rock now made and sold expressly for
poultry.
Set the coops upon a ridge facing
sonth or east. A little difference in
appearance or position of coops saves
conflicting claims by the mother hens.
Keep the hens shut in stormy days, and
after the grass is up until the dew is
off.
WORMS and beetles form most use
ful diet for the hen. for she lays eggs
that are largely albumen. Shut up,
the animal matter the bird finds is very
limited, and they show their apprecia.
ton OF meat, bones, etc, by greedily
oeyouring what is thrown them. Lib
erty Is best, but next to 1t is ground
and dried meat and cut green bones.
LAVE the girls and boys watch the
hen turkeys and notice where they
steal their nests. Care must be taken
70 protect outlying nests from foxes,
especially nights. If boxes and bar
fels be placed in sly retreats, the tur-
Key hen will be very apt to choose a
laying place In thcm, and when estab-
tshed she can be shut in nights.-Farm
Journal
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31

and notllinr is m >ro dis rusting than to
see fayl with n her | of blooded cat
tie or swine an 4 iot of uncared-for,
scramuy. moa rel f)Hls Running about
the var.
An, far J r by the outlay of from SO
to 81 f,r e. :; or so to S25 for fowls
from me reliable b-e, Ter can Law the
foa1 ation for a stock of pure
poultry in one year. The cocllerels
can b, $ III from 81 to So each by ex-
pend;ur a small sum in advertising
and should bring il orc than enough to
cover i.rst cost. Eat even if they are
sold on the market it has been demon
stratel beTond Il question that pure
bred poultry will bring from one to
three cents more per pound than COM
non backyard fowls. OF course they
will require little more attention.
The p3altry-house should be made
warm. with plenty of light, and should
be as c1Hvenient as possible.
4 cheap and convenient poultry
house That can be built by any farmer
is illustrated in the figures and Q.
The building is 1Ox24, and should stand
facing the south. The sides and ends
can be made of rough boards, and the
cracks battcncd with lath or strips in
side and out, or matched boards can be
used and lined inside with building
paper 1t can be made any height de-
sired, and the roof can be made Of
shingles or matched and grooved boards
well painted.
Fig. gives an end view of the inside.
A partition should extend the full
length, four feet from north side.
This will make an entry CAY Gx24 and a
room OBJ 4x24. which can be made in
two pens, 6xl3, if desired. C is Il NOV
able floor with two roosting poles at
tached. d is nest boxes extending into
entry, with lid, SO eggs can be gathered
without going inside the pen. E is
cleated board leading to nest. The
space + is made of Stats, so fowls can
reach through to drinking trough, G..
Il IS sliding door for ingress and egress
OF fowls, which can be opened and
closed from entry by means of cord, l.
J is door leading from entry to pen.
With a convenient poultry house and
frst-class stock fancy poultry will be
found not only profitable but a source
of pleasure as well.-R. j. Goreth, in
Breeders Gazette.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
BUTTER FROM WHEY.
The Only Question IL Whether There ID
Any Money in e.

The Only Question Il Whether There ID
Any Money in e.
The officials Of the agricultural de-
partment are satisfied with the gen.
eral results Of the experiments made
at Cornell university, which have shown
the possibility of making butter from
the whey left after the manufacture Of
cheese. The only other question to be
determined Is whether butter can be
made in such quantities as to pay. 1t
is said to be good butter, qualified
judges being unable to detect 1t from
that made from pure milk.
The department leaves 1t TO the man.
ufacturers of cheese to show whether
butter can be thus made in quantities
sufficient to pay for the labor expended
upon it. In this connection the follow
ing figures from the annual report of
the commissioner of agriculture of
New York, the great cheese-making
state, will go far toward answering
this question:
There was made In that state in 1892
1870, 991, $40 pounds of cheese. There the
81 pounds of whey for each pound OF
cheese, making total of 1,1l3,426, 135
pounds of whey. The average Of fat
left in the whey is about 89-l00 OF per
cent, which, reduced to pounds OF fat,
equals 4, 342, 1862. Butter contains only
about IS per cent OF fat. and these fig
ures show that the whey thus lost is
capable Of yielding 4,77e,59s pounds OF
butter, which at 20 cents a pound
would be worth $095,313.
This looks to be a matter worth the
investigation of those who have this
whey from which to manufacture this
valuable by-product.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
IMPROVING PASTURES.
Tan BE Done Only 1t the Expense of
Much Time and Labor.

-" ne Done Only &C the Expense or
Much Time and Labor.
Inere are pastures that have never
produced as profitable crops as the
Uees on them, SO says speaker in an
address before the Maine board of agri-
culture To get anything out of these
pastures to-day you have to send cat
VIC Scurrying over a large area to get
wnat they should get on six or eight
scres- The result is the COW works
herself to death and works the butter
1ut OF her cream and the cream out OF
her milk.
a COW should never take any more
ss1ercise than is absolutely necessary
toT ner health, because exercise costs
money, costs food, costs milk and costs
outer A cow that has to scurry over
large area to get food will not begin
W give as much milk as one which can
seeit on small area and lie down and
Suew her cud and rest.
:, NOW, the question Is what to do with
hese pastures. You cannot fertilize
Snem with manure, because that dis
eus's Inc COW. Consequently what is
tnown as grass dressing, prepared by
f'.nizer companies, Is q good thing.
- .nese pastures you have failed to re-
lew the value taken from them bv
s'ans' You have kept them from
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
NOTES ON WlNDsREAkS.
directions for Making Various servicesbI,
and simple Types.


Almost every country home needs a
windbreak of trees, the exceptions be-
ing where hills check the air currents.
or natural grove can be utilized for
the purpose. In regions of low tenn
perature, place it on the cold side of
the house. In mild ATTITUDES place it
SO as to shield the premises from the
most prevalent and dangerous winds.
DO not set the trees too close to the
dwelling, or the quarters of the live
stock. If less than 100 to 300 feet dis
tant, the air is close and damp with
poor ventilation, which tends to de.
velop disease. On this account the
minimum number which will afford
protection is better than large grove.
The space between the trees and the
buildings can be utilized for a lawn.
garden, or for small fruits, avoiding
thick setting. Admit plenty of sun
light. 1t Is vitalizer of most animal
and vegetable life. Better have no
windbreak than ono too closely set II
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
Cow. Must Have Pure water.

There is an absolute necessity fol-
plenty Of pure, running water near to
or in the dairy barn. Milk contains
s7.3 per cent. of water, and a COW must
have all the water she wants. The
water should be run through the barn
in front of the COW in troughs about IS
inches above the ground, where she
can have all she wants ct all times.
The COW will drink 20 or 80 times day
when she can have it in this way. II
there is danger of her dirtying up the
trough, put swing board in front of
1t, and she will only keep her head
there as long as necessary to obtain the
drink. Never let cows drink out of
stagnant ponds or places. = Rural
World
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31

Fig. !, crescent shape Fig. g. right angle
Fig. 8, obtuse angle. Fig. T. acute angle, Fig
3, straight line. The letter indicates loca-
ton OF house, and b location Of barn.
you have no tree shelter, start one this
spring. The form, size and distance
from buildings must be governed by
circumstances A single row of thick
ly growing evergreens-white pine,
Norway spruce or red cedar-15 feet
apart will suffice. Limbs will then
grow close to the ground, while If more
than one row is used, the trees will
prune themselves, as In q forest, and
In time destroy the efficiency of the
windbreak. Deciduous trees of almost
any quick-growing, hardy variety will
answer, but require more land, q grove
90 to 100 feet wide being necessary.
Mix nut-bearing trees and those valu.
able for timber with others at planting
time. The accompanying illustrations
tFigs. / to s. show some of the most
desirable forms for the windbreak,
which will furnish sufficient variety.
If the land is on the east or south side
OF the road, the buildings must be
placed a considerable distance from
the highway, unless space for planting
the trees can be obtained from the
farm just across the road. A long rope
attached to a stake is helpful in laying
out the crescent. If rapid growth is
expected, cultivate the soil deeply and
thoroughly enrich it before planting
the small trees or seed. Plant in rows
and cultivate much as you would corn.
Protect from injury by live stock and
teams by proper fencing. Any sensi-
bic man or woman, by his or her own
labor, can soon produce good wind
break without any outlay unless it be
for the young trees or seeds. Within
few years it will add several times
its cost to the selling value of the
farm, besides being a comfort and Sat
isfaction.
Clumps of deciduous trees and ever.
greens can often be SO located as to af.
ford shelter for stock, protect some
crop, furnish fuel and lumber beautify
the landscape, and utilize rough land.
j. w. Smith, in Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
SPREADING A FLEECE.
Hints About Tying Up Wool to the Bes
Advantage.


Our method is to tie up by hand with
out the help of any boy or press. Use
table by feet and 3 feet high.
Have q half-inch hole through the
middle Of the back edge, through
which to pass the twine, and a notch
directly opposite In the front side in
which to fasten the end of the Irvine.
We thus use single cord. The fleece
Is placed upon the table very much as
In any method of tying. always turn
the fleece, however, in such way as
to have the neck end Of the fleece next
to me. Iappend rough outline of a
fleece spread upon the table, indicating
by the dotted line the place for divid-
ing the fleece.
A fleece needs to be lined to give 1t a
good appearance and keep It from pull
Ing apart. After spreading 1t upon the
table draw the fleece together, COM
pressing the fiber as Of osely as practic-
able, then divide the fleece as indi-
Gated, thus partially slirting the fleece,
as this takes off the coarser fbers on
the lower part of the fore legs and Of
the neck; raise this carefully and place
It with white end down upon the body
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
wh.t Hurt. tn. chee.s rrade.

One Of the most serious drawbacks
to the cheese industry Is the vast
amount of cheese made which has been
robbed of part of its cream. The
consumer buys small piece, but Its
poor quality is against it. 1t Is not
eaten, goes to waste, and the house,
wife Of economical tendencies does not
buy again for months. If only good
cheese, from whole milk, were made,
the consumption would steadily in
crease. But the market has been 90
badly demoralized by the makers Of
poor cheese, that it will take years to
recover its tone, even when poor
cheeses are no longer sold. Orange
Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31

long enough to reach from bottom of
creek to the wire above. Flatten the
large or upper ends and bore an inch
and half hole through each one.
Now run the first-named wires through
these holes and fasten the ends to
tree or post on the other side of creek.
Distribute these poles evenly on the
cable and nail on boards as indicated
in the cut If high water takes Off the
boards the poles still remain, as the
water never gets them. Journal.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31

ONE chicken Is no longer as good as
another Experience shows that there
Is much difference in tho quality of
fowls. Black Minorcas, Andalusians,
Black Spanish, Houdans, Light Brah-
mas, Buff Cochins, Langshans and
some strains Of White Leghorns and
Plymouth Rocks are considered the
best for raising eggs for the English
market.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31

Senator Siders-What made Senator
WaybacIx withdraw his bill? Didn't he
say he would never give up until mon
opoly was killed?
Lobbyist-Not exaotly, be said be
wouldn't yield until the monopoly
gave up. "-Pucl<.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
o,JRE-BRED POULTRY.
70 Keep 1t Is Profitable as Well as =
Source of Pleasure.

In this age of progressive stock-rais-
,,g It Is food for reflection why so
rnsnv farmers who pride themselves on
+be pedigrees Of their cattle, sheep or
zine nav little or no attention to the
Exceeding of their poultry. Every farm
ar has more or less poultry and it is
safe to say that less than one-half of
tbe farmers who are breeding blooded
stock can make any claim to having
nure.bred poultry. Nothing is more
pleasing to the eye on a fine-stock
harm than flock of pure-bred poultry
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
rha Lan of Nature peaed.

Methinks It is the only bird
That lives without dock;
No sleep. no fool. no home no needs'
He Is the--weather-cock.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
GOOD WATER GATE.
The Poles Are so Fixed That the waite
Never Gets at Them.

Never Gets at Them.
l send you drawing of a water gate
that helped put in and that think
Is the most sensible thing of the kind
ever saw, and have had considerable
experience with such gates Take
eight or ten strands of No. IL wire and
fasten them to tree or post on one
side of creek, about eight or ten feet
from the ground. Cut several poles
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
June @ls94

The subscriber respectfully informs mis-
friends and the public generally that he
has purchased the Livery Stables oft .
late Robert G. Lamar, and has removed
to his new and C0MMODIOUs STABLES,
on the First Alley, between East Second
and East Third Sts., Frederick city, Nd,
where all orders, by day or night, will
receive prompt and polite attention, and
on the most reasonable terms. His
stock Of HORSES and CARRIAGES Is
the largest In the city. The horses are
all safe, sound and good travellers, while
the vehicles are Of every variety, and OF
the finest and latest styles and the most
substantial character. Bridal parties
served with the most stylish and fRsh-
ionabie turnouts, and special attention
will be given to funeral c0rtegee. CAR
RIAGES FOR PARTIES and 'Busoo
for picnics at very reasonable rates. The
drivers are all competent, reliable and
obliging, and no palms nor EFFORTS will
be spared to please all who may favor
me with their patronage.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-05-31
EoR RENT.

For RENT.
WIN befor rent nom LIST day OF Aprii naxt
the store room In City Hall. Building now -
cupied BY w. H. Eichelberger.
mar pssr ' T. z inquire Of cry aro,srv.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-03
S'TH'N R'Y PURCHASE
Fifteen Million Dollars Worth Of Stock
Acquired.
ALABAMA GREAT SOUTHERN ROAD
This the Line Obtained. and the
Transaction Places the Queen and
Crescent system Under the south
crn's Thumb.

KNOXVILLE. TENN. July 1.-THE
Southern railroad was purchaser OF N0,-
oo.Ooo worth OF stock in the Alabama
Great Southern Company at public out
cry In this city to-day. pursuant TO n
decree OF the United states Circuit Court
Soecial-Master John W. Childress. OF
Nashville. conducted the sale. there beinE
only one bidder President Samuel spen-
Ger. Of the Southern.
After the reading Of the order 10 fore
close. which was made by the central
Trust Company. OF New York. through
their agent. Mr.. Calhoun, President Spen-
Ger bid In the bonds for si.j0o,c0.
This is the stock formerly owned by the
cid East Tennessee. Virginia and Georgia,
and by acquiring control Of the same. II Is
said. the Southern railway has the Queen
and Crescent system under It's thumb.
There were three patches Of stock, as
follows:
Five thousand ard one shares OF Queen
and Crescent stock.
Seventy-eight thousand. three hundred
ard one shares OF ordinary Alabama
Great Southern.
Thirty-four thousand shares OF prefer
red Alabama Great Southern, and $4,000
shares Of second preferred Alabama
Great Southern stock
The sale was closed for 10 per cent
rash
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-03
NINE MORE MINISTER'S
Additional Members Of the New British
Government.
THREE LIBERAL UNIoNIsTs.
Tbcir Appointment Evidence Of the
Influence Of Mr.. Chamberlain
O,scr Foreign Notes of More Than
Ordinary Interest.

LONDON. July 2--The following addi-
tional ministerial appointments have been
announced:
Right Hon. A. Akers-Douglass, First
Commissioner Of Works. and Mr.. Walter
n. Long, President OF the Board OF Ag-
r,cul,ure. both with seats In the Cabinet.
The Duke OF Norfolk, Posimaster-GeHe-
raj.
Sir John f. Gorst. vice-President Of the
Council.
Sir William Herang. Patronage secre-
tary.
.roseph Austen Chamberlain, Civil Lord
Of the Admiralty.
Mr.. Jesse Collins. Under Sesretary fof
the Home Department. d.
Mr.. T. W. Russell. Parliamentary Sec
re;ary for the Local Government Board
Mr.. Joseph Powell Williams. Financial
Secretary for the War Office.
The Cabinet now has nine members the
largest number II ever contained.
Messrs. Collins. Russell. and Williams
are LiberaI-Unionists. and their appoint
ment is regarded as evidence OF the inhu-
ence OF Mr. Chamberlain In the govern
meut.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-03
PAPERS FOR CONRAD.
They Are Duly observation-disclosures
Gets the Gentleman.

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. July Ed
ward II. Crowley. cashier OF the bank at
Waycross which was swindled by Emer-
son y. Conrad. arrived in the city this
morning bearing requisition papers from
the Governor OF Georgia together with
the warrant Of Governor Mitchell, OF
Florida. for Conrad.
Mr.. Crowley has been deputized as spe-
cial agent OF the State Of Georgia 10 take
Conrad in charge and conduct him 10
Ware county, Ga and turn him over TO
the Sheriff OF that county. Mr. Crowley
Will leave with Conrad tonight.
At 1879 this afternoon Sheriff Bowden
received note from Conrad, in which
he stated that the ten days for which he
Rad been committed awaiting the arrival
OF requisition papers was up. and he
demanded instant release. Sheriff Bowden
promptly sent him back word that the
papers had arrived. and he would be sent
back TO Georgia tonight.
Conrad is also wanted at Macon and
Augusta. Ga. for passing forged checks.
He is thought 10 be from Philadelphia.