davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
Glasgow In the Last Century.

Though still only quiet, but pic
turesque old place, nesting about the
cathedral and the college, and two fine
but sleepy streets, in which carriers
build their haystacks out before their
doors, it was carrying on trade which
was even then cosmopolitan. The ships
of Glasgow were III all the waters Of
the world, and its merchants had won
the lead in at least one important branch
of commerce, the West India tobacco
trade, and were founding industries every
year. Before the middle of the century
the Clyde had become the chief Euro
pean emporium for American tobacco,
which foreign countries were not then
allowed to import directly, and three
fourths Of the tobacco was Immediately
on arrival tTanshipped by the Glasgow
merchants for the seaports Of the Medi
terranean, the Baltic aud tho North sea.
AS they widened their connections
abroad they naturally developed their
industries at home. They founded the
Smithfeld Iron works, and imported
iron from Russii. and Sweden to make
hoes and spades for the negroes Of Mary
land. They founded tho Glasgow tam
merry in 1742, which Pennant thought
an amazing sight, and where they en-
ployed 800 men making saddles and
shoes for the plantations. They opened
the Pollokshaws linen print field in
1742, copper and tin works in 1747,
the Delfield pottery i'll 1748 They be-
gan to manufacture carpets and Grape
in 1859, silk in 1859 and leather gloves
in 1853. They opened the first Glasgow
bank-the Ship-in 1900, and the sec
ond-the Arms-in 1852. They first
began to improve the navigation of the
Clyde by the act of 1864 They built
dry dock at their harbor Of Port Glas-
gov in 1863, while in 1868 they deep
ened the Clyde up to the city, and be-
gan the canal to the Forth for their
trade with the Baltic. 1t was obvious
therefore that this was a period of
unique commercial expansion life
Of Adam Smith," by John Rae.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
Hours Tor Arrival and Closing Of Mails at Staul-
ton P0St0fiCe.
ARRIVE.

ARRIVE.
BY c. AND O. RAILROAD.
a. N. from north, south, east and west.
9.57 a. m. from west.
2.4O p. m. from Richmond and intermediate
points.
7.O5 p m. from north, east and south.
BY B. AND o.
7.22 a. m. from Lexington and intermediate
points.
1.5O =. m. from the north.
9.09 p. m. from the north, Harper'S Ferry and
intermediate points.
STAR ROUTES.
a. NJ. from Plunkettsville, daily except Sun
day.
10 a. M from Mt. Meridian, daily except Sun
p. m. from Middlebrook, daily except Sun
$50 p. m. from Monterey, daily except Sunday.
1890 a. m. from SANG ersville
CLOSE.
FOR B. AND o.
$50 a. m. tor Lexington, $50 a. m, Harper's
Ferry and points north.
2.15 a. m. for Harrisonburg, Woodstock and
points north.
Ito p. m. for Lexington and intermediate
points.
800 p. M for Lexington and intermediate
points.
s.15 a. m. and 2,15 p. N. for north east, south
3.Uc p H. LOi 0ttSb, IiOIt Ill. SOuOl olu NSSu.
2.15 p. H. for Clifton Forge and intermediate
points.
6.15 p m. for the west.
STAR RoUTEs-DA1LY EXCEPT SUNDAY.
$50 a. H. for Monterey.
800 a. IN. for Middlebrook.
LOO p. II. for Mt. Meridian.
6.15 p. m. for Plunkettsville.
12.3 p. IN. for Mt. SOlOn daily,
STAUNTON OFFICE
Opens 7 a. m, closes + p. II. Money order
and registry business opens at 8 s.. NJ. closes G
D. n W. IT. McCUE. 2. n.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
Methods of Old Cavalry.

A Frenchman, Francois de la None,
in book of military discourses, gave
his verdict for the pistol. 1t is remark
able that this book, published in French
in 1887, was translated into English in
the very same year. But De la Noue,
or, as he was called, Bras defer, from
the iron contrivance which he wore in
lieu of lost arm, was no ordinary sol
dier. He had noted the steady deterior-
alton Of the French army during the
civil wars and had come to the conclu-
sion that no good work could be done
with bad and i'll disciplined men unless
they were massed together in dense col
umns. In that formation they might
stand In the single line Or hale of the
old French chivalry they would only
break and gallop away.
The change came, as De la Noue had
foreseen that it must come, and it viii
ated the action Of cavalry for nearly a
century. But it was not wrought with
out a struggle Mendoza, a Spanish
military writer whose book was trans
lated by Sir Edward Hoby in 1897, i'm
plores his sovereign "by no manner Of
means to permit his horse to give up
lances.' Sir Roger Williams, trained
in the school Of Spain, wakes positively
eloquent Oh the subject: ''The charge
of the lanceTs is terrible and resolute,
= but seldom CT ever will you find
pistoliers charge or enter squadron on
the spurs like the lancers, but softly on
a trot or soft pace. Italians and French
also loathed the new order for cavalry,
but they were obliged to submit to the
fashion, and SO in due time were the
English, though of course they were be-
hind the rest. Macmillan S Magazine.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
OlREr RY OF LoDc ES.
MASONIC LODGE.


Stapnton Lodge No. 13, A. F. and A. NJ, meets
every second and last Friday night in each
month, in Masonic Temple, Main street. Jas
NJ. Lickliter,W. NJ B. A. Eskridge, Sec'y.
UNION ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER.
No. z, meet third Friday in every month, in
Masonic Temple, on Main street. W. W. Nc
Guffin. High Priest; A. A. Eskridge, Sec'y.
ODD FELLOWS LODGE;
Staunton Lodge, No. As, 1. o. o. F. meets ev
cry Thursday night in Odd Fellows Hall, ove-
Wayt's drug store, on Main street. John C
Fretwen Noble Grand: C. A. Grafton, Sec
KNIGHTS OF HONOB ODGE.
Staunton Lodge, No. 756. Kr. .4hts of Honor
meets every first sod third Tuesday in each
month, in Pythian Hall, Main street. W. L.
Olivier, Dictator; W. A. Burnett, Recorder.
MOUNTAIN CITY LODGE.
No. Is, 1. o. G. T., meets every Friday night
in their lodge room over Wayts drug store on
Main street. A. s. woodhouse, Chief Templar
F. B. Kennedy, Sec'y.
DISTRICT LODGE.
No. q, 1. o. G. T.. meets every three months
G. c. Shipplett, D. C. T.; s. H. Bauserman
District Secretary.
ROYAL ARCANUM.
Augusta Council, No. 400, Royal Arcanum
meets every second and fourth Tuesday in the
month, at Pythian Hall, Main street. W..
Robertson, Regent; Jos. B. Woodward, Sec
retary.
SONS OF TEMPERANCE
Charity Division, NJ. A., Sons of Temperance
meets every Monday night at Odd Fellows
all. W. A. Rapp, Worthy Patriarch; John
3. Coffelt, Sec'y.
UNIFORMED RANK, KNIGHTS OF
PYTHIAS.
E. B. Stuart Division, No. 10, meets second
and fourth Mondays each month at Pythian
Hall. Sir Knight Captain, F. B. Berkley;S
Knight Recorder. S. Fl. Rosenbaum.
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.
Valley Lodge, No. Is, X. of p, meets
Monday night at Castle Hail. on West
street, over DR.. Wayts drug store. G. t. Ham
mond, Chancellor Commander; Albes
Keeper of Records and Seal.
KNIGHT TEMPLARS.
staunton Commandery, No. s, Knights Tenn
plar, meets first Friday night in every month
in Masonic Temple, on Main street. W. L.
McChesney, Eminent Commander; A. a. Z K
ridge, Recorder.
ONEIDA TRIBE, NO. IS, I. o. L. NJ,
Meets in their wfgwam, in Valz BuiIdine
every Wednesday at sth run 30th breath
setting of the sun. J. u. Anthony saeher
James ". Blackburn, chief OF records.
visiting brothers welcome.
AMERICAN LEGION OF HONOR.
Valley Council No. 7:}G meets on the first ant
lrd Mondays in each month. Commando
i. 5. woodhouse; secretary, DR.. J. NJ. Hange
collector, Isaac C. Morton, Jr.
CATHOLIC HIBERNIAN BENEFICIAL
SOCIETY,":
Meets first Sunday in every month in tbeir
hall on the church lot. M. I. b pres1'
dent; ]. ]. Kilgalen, first vice-president; ]. J
Murphy, second vice president; d.. O'Connell
recording secretary.
..sTONEwALL" BRIGADE BAND.
Band meets every Monday and Thursday
orchestra, every Wednesday, at sp. M, in City
Hall. Mr. ]. N. Brereton, director
]. A. Armentrout. president, and G. Harry
Haines, secretary.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE..
Monthly meetings. Fourth Tuesday In the
month at 7:3O O'Clock. Room In City Hal build
ng Isaac Vita. presid {; J. @. shields,lsscrs
! tary.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11

1 tS95
The sun!
BALTIMORE, Md.


TIE PAPER OF THE PEOPLE.
For THE PEOPLE AND WITH THE PEOPLE.
HONEST IN MOTIVE.
FEARLESS IN EXPRESSION.
SOUND IN PRINCIPLE.
UNsWERyING IN ITS ALLEGIANCE TO
RIGHT THEORIES AND
RIGHT PRACTICES.
THE Sun PUBLISHES ALL THE NEWS ALL THE
TINE, but it does not allow its columns to be
degraded by unclean, immoral OF purely SEN
Sational matter.
EDTToRIALLY, THE SUN Is THE CONSISTENT
ANr UNCHANGIEG CHAMPION AND DEFENDER OF
POPULAR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS against politi-
Cal machines and monopolies of every charac-
ter. Independent in all things, extreme in
none. 1t is for good laws, good government
-sud goOd order.
~ rial FIFTY Cents month, Six Dollars a
Felr-
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
Stauntotl Spectator.
RATES OF ADVERTISING.

Advertis ements are inserted at the rates OF
"a cents per line, for the first and az cents
1Or each subsequent Insertion.
Local n Notices are inserted at the rate of 20
cents per line for the first and no cents FOR
edch subsequent Insertion ~
BUSINESS Notices are inserted at the rate of
sequent Insertion 0N' SuD
A liberal discount VIII be made on a orders
OD1tu tries- announcements of Candidates
lot ONCE, and all communications
advertisements. Aoi "A
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11

UsA Of the Same Wood Blocks.

Instances Of the same wood blocks be-
ing used over and over again, to repre-
sent different events, scenes and persons
in the same volume. are SO many in
early printed books that it might he
supposed that every one who felt inter-
est in books knew of such. 'Vitas Pa
trum,'' by Wynkyn de Worde, 1895, is
a striking example, most, if not all, of
the cuts being repeated many times,
some Of them six Or eight, and they are
about the most absurd and grotesque
ever seen, although the book is SO beau
tifully printed that there need be no
hesitation in saying it has never been
excelled, and rarely equaled, either by
the ''Kelmscott' Or any other press, ex-
cept perhaps by Whittingham, in his
fine folio Victoria Prayer Book, which
he printed for the elder Pickering.
An extremely fine copy of the "Vitas
Patrum," measuring nearly l0A inches
by inches, quite sound, and almost as
clean as the day it left the printers, is
one of the principal ornaments of my
modest collection. 1t has the title, a
leaf of table and last leaf of text in fac
simi1e. Coverdale's, Cranmer's and
other early Bibles have such repetitions,
and Holinshed's Chronicles are full
of them.
There was another way of handling
woodcuts which has not been alluded
to-viz, dividing blocks into two parts
and mixing up the halves SO as to form
many varieties. Examples of these
mixed blocks may be seen in the Stras
burg "Horace" and 'Terence" printed
about 1890. In the beautiful edition of
Tyndale's New Testament, printed by
Jugge, 1862, are many of these divided
and mixed blocks, which are shuf11ed
about in the most ingenious manner.
So many handbooks and 'near cuts" to
knowledge as we now have, it is Won
der these mixed OF composite blocks
have escaped notice. - Notes and
Queries.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11

The auct.ca ly9., = crowded, and
the collection of furni urc. alt and bric
brac being unusually choice the bid
ding had been ye1y spirited. During an
interval of the sale q inan with q ljale
and agitated countenancs pushed his
way to the auctioreer's side and en-.
gagged him III whispered conversation. !
Presently he stood aside, and tho auc-
tioneer raped attention with his ham
mer
Ladies and gentlemen, - he said in a
loud voice, 81 have to inform you that
a gentleman present has lost his pocket
book containing $500. He offers ESQ for
its return -
Instantly IL small man in the back
ground sprang upon chair and cried
excitedly:
"I'n give e1OOp'-London Tit-Bits.
With population of 3,725, 900 Scot
land has 6 800 university students, while
with a population about six times as
great England has only 1000 university
students
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
NOTICE.

WANT every man and woman in the United
States interested in the Opium and Whisky
habits to have one of my books on these dis
eases. Address B. M. Woolley, Atlanta, Ca.
Box 3s2, and one will be ent you free.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
KNIGHT TEMPLARS.

Staunton COmmandery, No. s, Knights Tenn
plar, meets first Friday night in every month
in Masonic Temple, on Main street. W. L.
ridge, Recorder.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
ONEIDA TRIBE, NO. IS, I. o. r. NJ,

Meets in their wigwaBl, in Valz Building
every Wednesday at sth run 30th breath
setting of the sun. !. y. Anthony, sacher
James W. blackburn, chief of records. {
visiting brothers welcome.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
FRlGATE CONSTITUTION.
.a,s oij De3cnder Enjoying Desuetude In
. Deserted Navy Yard.

The venerable old frigate Constitu-
ton, of glorious memory, now lies,
stark and gauut, ct tho dock in the al
most deserted navy yard at Kittery,
Me. Sho is housed in, and with her old
fashioned lines, her sides "tumbling
home, d" as it is said when they incline
inward, her stern gallery, i'll which her
captains were wont to take the air and
their pipes and barrack in pleasant
weather, she presents quaint sight.
Of the original ship only small Sec
tion of the deck and q few iron stan
chions remain.
But she was rebuilt much upon her
original lines in 1946 and 1876, first
by the son and again by the grandson
of Hart, her original builder, so that
she is practically the same ship which
outsailed Admiral Brooke's squadron
and outfought everything at which she
backed her topsails. The Portsmouth
people regard her as their own individ-
ual property and raise an awful howl
every time it is proposed to take her
away. 1t was, however, a mere accident
that she happened to 60 out of commits
sion at Kittery navy yard about Is
years ago, and the navy then being in
the chaotic state which preceded the
creation of the new navy she simply
was allowed to remain there. Her guns
were of no use and of no historic value,
as those with which she had walloped
the Guerriere, the Java, the Cyane and
the Levant had long gone the way Of
destruction. So her armament was re-
moved and everything else Of value.
She was housed in and left to her fate.
Her planking is decaying, but as long
as her stout timbers stay in the water
they will keep as hard as iron.
It is thought that some time in the
next few years the Constitution will be
reftted like the Constellation and made
into training ship for boys also. Like
the Constellation, she has never had
steam in her, but when she has been
rigged with great square sails and given
a spread Of canvas worthy of her she
has been known to leg it at Il knot
gait during the best part of cruise.
These two frigates are the sole survival
of the great frigates of the "poetic
age" of the navy, and not all the steel
battleships going can altogether deprive
them of their usefulness. The Kittery
navy yard is as dead as Hector for the
present. The people grumble at it and
complain because tho modern steel ships
are not built or even repaired there
Lewiston Journal
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
"sTONEwALL" BRIGADE BAND.

Band meets every Monday and Thursday
orchestra, every Wednesday, at p. m, in City
Hail. Mr.. J. N. Brereton, director
]. A. Armentrout, president, and c. Harry
Haines, secretary.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.

Valley Lodge, No. Is, X. of p, meets
Monday night at Castle Hall, on West
street, over DR.. Wayt's drug store. G. L. Ham
mond, Chancellor Commander; ;Albes
Keeper of Records and Seal.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.

Monthly meetings, Fourth Tuesday in the
month at7:sO O'Clock. Room In City Hal build
ng Isaac wits, presid {; J.C. shaelds,isecrs
tary.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
AMERICAN LEGION OF HONOR.

Valley Council No. 1856 meets on the first ant
ehlrd Mondays in each month. Commando
i. S. woodhouse; secretary, DR.. j. NJ. Hange
collector, Isaac C. Morton, Jr.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11

Special attention given to corporation and
real-eState law.
Having closed up all outside business which
for year or two interrupted my regular law
practice, am now enabled to, and shall, from
this time, give my undivided time and 9xclu-
sive attention to the law; and to such persons
as my entrust me with their litigation, / prom
ise my best efforts and such ability as I may
pOsS aSS. ian 18-tf
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
PYTHIAS.

E. b. Stuart Division, No. 10, meets second
and fourth Mondays each month at Pythian
Hall. Sir Knight Captain. F. b. Berkley; 3
Knight Recorder, S. III. Rosenbaum.
Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1895-09-11
CATHOLIC HIBERNIAN BENEFICIAL

Meets first Sunday in every month In tbeir
hall ON the church lot. M. 7. B presi-
dent; J. ]. Kilgalen, first vice-president; ].
Murphy, second vice-president; D.J. O'Connell
recording secretary.
The record-union., 1895-08-17
PROPOSALS FOR PRINTING.

PROPOSALS. FOR PRINTING AND
/ binding two hundred and fifty copies of
the Fifth Annual Report OF the Chief kngi-
neer of the sacramento Fire Department will
be received at the Office OF the undersigned
until p ". MONDAY. August No, 1895.
Each proposal must be accompanied by GER
titled check. payable TO the City Clerk, to the
amount OF 10 per cent. of the aggregate sum
OF the bid A copy of the report can be seen
at this Office. 0. s. FLINT, City Clerk.
aulA-td
The record-union., 1895-08-17
WONDERS OF SATURN.
Composition of the Rfnss-A Myriad of
Satellites.

Since the discovery of Jupiter's fifth
satellite, nearly three years ago. the labors
of astronomers, although unceasing, have
resulted in nothing so significant until
very recently. Saturn's ring has always
been popularly thought sort of mystery,
in spite of Clerke MaXwelPs prize essay
published in 1859, in which his mathe-
matical proofs were conclusive that it
consists of q multitude of small bodies re-
volving round the planet in circular or
bits. Certainly there IS nothing else like il
in the solar system, it. indeed, in the
universe, and Professor Keeler of the AL
legheny Observatory has just published
a very interesting paper. in which he
demonstrates by widely different
method, that of the spectroscope, the
meteoric condition of Saturn's rings.
Mathematical investig CATION had shown
that a solid or fluid ring could not exist
under the circumstances in which the
actual ring is placed. To distinguish be-
tween the two hypothesis, that the ring
is a rigid body and that it is a swarm Of
satellites, it is necessary TO find method
of great delioacy by which to bring the
question within the province of the
spectroscope. The relative velocities of
different parts of the ring would be essen
tally different under each condition.
If the ring rotated as a whole.
the velocity of the outer edge would
exceed that of the inner; but
if the ring is an aggregate of revolv-
ing satellites, the speed would be great
est at the inner edge. The inclination
of lines in the spectra of the ans8
would be reversed in the respective cases.
IT. again, the ring rotates as a whole,
the displacement of lines in its spec
trum would follow the same laws as for
rotating sphere. But the lines now actu-
ally photographed by Professor Keeler
successfully in these experiments prove
couclusively that the velocity of the inner
edge of the ring exceeds that of the outer.
and that the relative veloclties of different
parts satisfy Kepler's third law.
Everything pertaining to the magnif-
cent system of Saturn is of great interest,
and the actual aspect of the lines in Pro-
fessor KeeIer's photographs is in exact
accordance with that required by the
theory that the rings are composed OF a
swarm of meteOric bodies, or small sat-
elites, revolving around the planet.
These swiftly moving particles, then, in
the outer edge OF the ring travel round
Saturn ia LIB. 5m., period slightly larger
than that of Jupiter's fifth satelIite
while the meteorIc bodies composing the
inner edge of the ring go completely
round the planet in the astonishingly
short interval of five hours and fifty
inmates, nearly two hours less than the
period of Phobos, the inner moon OF
Mars.
The record-union., 1895-08-17

Accommodation FIRST-CLASS Free
BUS to and from hotel.
W. J. ELDER, Manager.
The record-union., 1895-08-17
For the RECoRD-UNIoN.l
REST

The wind, with eomfort-laden wings,
Comes whispering Ger mountain crest;
Cheer to the aching heart it brings,
At eve ii sweetly sinks 10 rest.
The pond lily coyets the sun.
SO up to the sunshine she creeps,
And when the garish day is done
She folds her fragrance up and sleeps.
The bumble-bee, with yellow thighs,
Makes many visits to the rose;
But when at eve the cool breeZs sighs,
With glad drOnlng he seeks repose.
Not so with thee? SO tired your eyes.
With WEAKNESS your soul oppressed? ?
Each eve the daylight fades and dies,
And still you long 1or rest-sweet rest.
Strive on, brave heart across the years.
Some eve VIII bring thee sweet release,
Some eve will stay the falling tears.
When thy tired heart shall rest in peace
VAN LEITH
The record-union., 1895-08-17
The "Ricyole Face.,,

The serious expression noticed on faces
OF wheelmen may be easily accounted
for. While the pastime is most exhilarat-
ing and delightful. it cannot be denied
that it is attended with constant liability
TO accident, augmented by the almost
criminal indifference to the rights and
privileges of bicyclists on the part of the
general public. Drivers, pedestrians.
small boys aud other evilly disposed per-
sons in city and country manifest an un-
accountable aversion to the wheel and it's
rider, and for this reason be is on the
alert and constantly anxious lest be
should be the cause of harm to others as
well as himself. New York Sun,
The record-union., 1895-08-17

BOARD AND ROOM, 81 90 TO SO FEE
ID day. Meals, 25 cents.
The record-union., 1895-08-17
PROPOSALS FOR HAY.

CEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RE-
- ceived at the office of the undersigned
until 5 p. d. AUGUST 10, 1895. for tue sale
Of fifty i5Ol tons OF Al oat hay, for the FIRE
of sacramento. Each bid must
be ACCOMPANIED by certified check. payable
TO the City Clerk. OF 10 per cent. OF the
amount of the bid. .. S. FILM,
auT-IOt City Clerk.
The record-union., 1895-08-17

.IUDSON EXCURSION FOR FOR sT 81 P9ipts Tsapts
Sacramento weekly. Upholstered cars. Man
ayers through to Chicago and Boston. Lowest
rate. Call on g. j. ELLIS, Agent S. p. Co.,
Sacramento, or address JUDSON & CO., 10
Montgomery street, San Francisco.