davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1895-05-21
A Week
AMONG
| 8 | / X s !
AT SPECIAL PRICES..

You may gather together all the fabrics
for spring and summer wear that ever
came from loom. and look them over,
taking the full merit Of each into ac-
count, and after all Is said and done. you'll
be bound to admit that there Is not one in
the lot that will take the place Of these
rich silken weaves, for solid comfort and
unmatchable elegance.
Silks are no longer a luxury. dozen
different things have brought about q
price revolution In the silk markets Of the
world. until the Queen Of Textiles (Silk)
has become sort Of peoples fabric. The
proof for this assertion lies in the Econ
omic Silk Values which follow.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1895-05-21

attorney. He was again held back,
but several persons were hurt in the
panic which followed. 1t was neces-
sary to adjourn court In order to get rid
of the crowd. In the afternoon only
attorneys and witnesses were admit
ted
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1895-05-21
WEATHER REPORT.

For eastern Pennsylvania, generally
fair; slightly warmer in northern portion.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1895-05-21

lcontinued on Page 81
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
The case of DR.. W. E. Perry.

DR.. w. E. Perry, a : physician residing at
Halltown, in this county, was arrested about
midnight last Wednesday charged with an
attempt to outrage a Miss Rose Johnson,
aged about % years, OF that place. He was
taken before Justice c. Frank Gallaher,
who admitted him to bail in $500 for his
appearance on Monday. On Friday the
case took a more serious aspect-the DR..
was re-arrested aud appeared before Justice
Howell accused of criminal assault and a
contamination rather than a mere at
tempt. The correspondent of the Baltimore
| Sun says: Justice David Howell granted
the accused a preliminary hearing. The
hearing began at 8 o'clock and was held in
the courthouse, lasting until 6 o'clock. A
large crowd attended, on account of the
prominence of the parties. Miss johnson
testified positively to the contamination of
the assault, stating that DR.. Perry, after
directing her to inhale the chloroform and
she declining held her hands and forcibly
administered the drug that she was uncon-
sceus for a brief period, and upon reviving
she found him in the act of assaulting her
and he again tried to force her to inhale
more of the fumes, but she succeeded IN
preventing him. On ross-examination she
stated he did not tell her she had a disease
that would require him to make an exami-
nation. She denied consenting to any such
examination. Several witnesses were exam
ined on both sides as to minor circumstances
of the case. DR.. J. P. Bishop, who made
an examination of Miss Johnson after the
alleged assault, said he could not tell posi-
lively from her condition whether an astault
had been committed or not. Expert testi-
mony was taken as to the effects of chloro-
form in producing hallucinalion, but Miss
Johnson said she testified to what occurred
while she was conscious, and not what hap
pened while she was under the influence of
the drug. DIR. Perry testified in his W be-
half and denied the charge, but stated that
he was about to make an examination OF
Miss Johnson when his wife appeared at the
Office door, and he opened it. He then gave
Miss Johnson some medicine and told her
he would make the examination some other
time. After hearing the testimony Justice
Howell held the accused for the grand jury
and committed him to Jail.
Judge Faulkner came to town yesterday
and directed the clerk Of the circuit court to
summon a grand jury for a special term OF
court to begin July 9th. Should the grand
Jury find a true bill against DR.. Perry a petit
Jury will be summoned and the case be dis
posed of at said term.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
Highest Of al in Leavening POwer-Latest US. Govt Report
Highest of all in Leavening Power.-Latest US. Govt Report
RWa!zl!I! Fks s%Rs
ABSOLUTELY pURE
Woman,s Missionary Meeting.

The Winchester district meeting Of the
Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the
NJ. E. Church, South, was held in this town
last week. On Wednesday evening the SER
mon was delivered by Rev. F. ]. Prettyman
of the Martiusburg Church. This gifted
and eloquent preacher more than met the
high expectations of his hearers.
The business meeting began at $50 Thurs
day morning and was opened with prayer
by Rev. J. P. Stump. Miss Ellen March,
of Middletown, Virginia, district secretary,
presided. Mrs. T.. B. Richey, of Woodstock,
Va, was elected secretary. Miss Laura c..
Strider, recently returned from Japan, made
the address of welcome, to which Mrs.
Richey responded. The reports from the
auxiliaries were read by the delegates and
proved interesting and gratifying. An ad-
dress was then made by Miss Strider, after
which a recess was taken until the afternoon.
After dinner the routine business was con-
cluded, Mrs. Richey presiding. Solos were
delightfully."- rendered by Miss Barnes, of
Stephen City, and Mrs. Gayer, of Berryville,
accompanied on the organ by Miss Lou Gal
laher, of Charles Town, and Miss Phillips,
of Berryville, respectively.
Following was a mass-meeting of the
children of the church, presided over by
Miss Cloud, of Front Royal. Rev. Mr..
Stump offered prayer, and an address, first
to the children and then to the adults, was
made by Miss A. V. Wilson, missionary to
Guadalajara, Mexico-to which city she will
return next Tuesday, after a brief vacation
for recreation. Miss Cloud, also, made an
interesting address. Mrs. Gayer sung .
solo, with organ accompaniment by Miss
Phillips. The preliminary steps for the or
ganization of a juvenile missionary auxili-
airy society were taken, and Miss L. c.. Stri-
der was chosen lady manager. The exercises
were then concluded by an appropriate song,
and by prayer and benediction by Rev. Mr..
Prettyman.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

The Wilmington Delaware Every Even
ing notes the marriage at Middletown, that
State, on the 18th instant, of Miss Corinne
Cochran, of that town,-a granddaughter OF
ex.Gov. Cochran,-aud Mr., Joseph B. Men
diuhall, of Wilmington. 1t says: The
bridesmaids were Miss Louise Baylor, OF
Charles Town, W. Va, and Miss Lucie
Cochran, of Middletown. Miss Cochran is
a cousin of the bride and Miss Baylor is a
daughter of Capt. George Baylor and cousin
of Postmaster General William l. Wilson.
Both of these young ladies were attired in
blue and white silk, with leghorn hats trim
med with daisies, and also carried punches
of the same flowers. A coincidence in con-
%nection with the wedding is that it was on
the anniversary Of the marriage of the
brides mother, and Miss Baylori Is the daugh-
ter of the lady who was bridesmaid on that
occasion"
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

A quiet but very pretty wedding took
place at the Baptist parsonage on Wednes-
day evening last at eight o'clock, in the
presence of a goodly number of friends, Rev.
5. W. Cole officiating. The contracting par
ties were Miss Irene Fidinger, daughter OF
Mr.. David Fidinger of this city, and Mr.
Joseph Buddenhagen, an emPloye at the
Brass Works. Miss Ollie Moore was maid
of honor. Immediately after the ceremony
the happy couple drove to their future resi-
dence on the boom, which had been put in
readiness from liar to garnet, carrying with
them the well v les from a host Of friends
for a pleasant yayage over tie sea of life
Advocate.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

The marriage of Mr.. George Rogers, a
prominent citizen of MOrgantown, and Miss
Ida Clemson Brown, second daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Thomas A. Brown, of this place,
was olemnized at II o'clock Thursday morn
ing at the residence of the brides brother,
Col. Forrest w. Brown. The ceremony was
performed by Rev. w. L. Grayatt, rector OF
Zion Episcopal Church, assisted by the Rev.
C. c. Pierson, of Morgantown. The bride
was given away by her brother, Col. Forrest
w. Brown. DR.. j. O. Terrence, of Nor
gautowu, was best man, and Miss Floride
Brown, sister of the bride, was maid Of hon
or. Master Francis Brooke and Miss Nan
ME Brooke, nephew and niece of the bride,
acted as flower strewers. The bride wore a
gown of pink silk, with small bonnet OF
white lace and pink roses, and carried a
bouquet of Bride roses. The maid of hon
or wore a 4 gown of green silk, with leghorn
hat, and carried a cluster of carnations. a
reception and wedding breakfast followed.
The bride received a handsome collection of
presents. The newly-married couple went
on a wedding trip to Omaha, Neb. The
bride is a great-grandniece of Gen. Wash
ington.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
The Ne,o organ for zion Church.

The organ now being finished in Zion p.
E. Church in this place is from the we'll
known house OF Hook & Hastings Co., Bos-
ton, Mass. 1t is built in the corner Of the
auditorium, aud presents to view two fronts
one toward the chancel, the other toward
the audience-supporting groups of pipes
tastefully arranged and decorated in keep
ing with the color treatment Of the church.
The instrument in every way is made with
greatest care and from selected Materials
1t is voiced with special reference to the
place it occupies, and special attention Is
called to the distinctive characteristics Of
each individual register. The tone of the
full organ is round and well balanced. Its
builders invite the severest criticism on any
points. For the benefit of musical people
a detailed description is here appended.
The instrument has two manuals and a
pedal of two Octayes and two notes, and con-
tains the following stops and pipes, viz;
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Mr.. George Edward Shrek, son Of Mr.
George Shrek, Of Bolivar, died on the 3lst
of May, at the hospital at Weston, Lewis
county, where he had been sent by his
friends for treatment a few weeks ago. The
physician in charge advised his friends of
his illness, which was 4 form of organic
heart disease, and death came so easy that
he did not realize its approach. He was
about IS years of age.-H T. Sentinel.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Malta Lodge, No. so, A., F. & A. Masons,
elected officers as follows, last Friday even
ing Gustav Brown, w. NJ, VIM. Camp
bell, 5. w, J. W. Russell, J.. W, c. Mason
Hough, Treas, @. Frank Gallaher, Sec'y.
The other officers will be appointed and all
installed ia Office at next meeting, June Is.
After labor, by invitation Of Mayor Gustav
Brown, they repaired to his ice cream par
lors and partook Of refreshmeut. The edi-
tor of THE FREE Press, not being high up
in the mysteries Of Masonry, knew nothing
of the kind intentions of Most Eminent
Brother Brown, but by accident was withiu
call and p%ar,ook of his hospitality with the
brethren of the mystic tie. It was a pleas
ant occasion.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

The following fish story we take from the
Harper's Ferry Sentinel "Prof. John Kir-
by and Mr.. Chas. Cavalier had the pleasure
Of hauling from the Potomac river opposite
Rafting Springs last Friday q bass weigh
ing S lbs aud II OF. This is the largest fish
Of the kind we have heard Of this season,
and congratulate our friends on their big
catch. They sold the fish to Mr.. Robert
Merritt for s. 50.'
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Mr.. Lewis Lucas recently bought the tract
of land belonging to the Mayer heirs, lying
along the Charles Town pike about two miles
from Shepherdstown. He will improve it
this summer by building upon it a barn and
a tenant house. This tract is a p%rettily sit
uated body of land containing about l05
acres. The price paid for it was $1,000
SieDber}st0t-n Register.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
Personal.

Rev. Frank H. Hayenner, of Baltimore
is at "Mt. Parvo."
Miss Gussie Russell, Of Woodstock, Va.
is at ant. Paryo.'
Postmaster General Wilson spent Sunday
here with his family.
Mr.. Braxton Davenport is at home from
the University Of Virginia.
Miss Bessie Yontz, of Martinsburg, i;
visiting Miss Ella Darlington.
Mrs. Della Barr, of Winchester, is visit
ing Mr.. and Mrs. J. c. Holmes.
Mr.. George V. Ruhl, of P%ittsburg, spent
Thursday night with his relatives here.
DR.. Robert Atkinson and wife, of Balti-
more, are at Mrs. c. Horace Gallaher's.
Lieut.. Jasper, U. S. N, is with his wife
and daughter at Mr.. Selden's, near town.
Mrs. Agnes Mcfarland, of Omaha, Ne
braska, is visiting her mother, Mrs. A. NJ.
Forrest.
DR.. R. X. Meade, principal of Charles
Town Academy, left on Saturday for his
vacation.
Miss Mary Wilson, daughter of Postmas-
ter General Wilson is at home from Holiins
Institute.
Miss May Faulkner, of Martinsburg, was
visiting Miss Maria Moore for several days
last week.
Mr.. Charles Diehl has returned from Bal
timore, where he attended Johns Hopkins
University.
Mrs. Rev. +. H. Havenner, of Baltimore,
and son and daughter came to "Mt. Parvo''
last Friday.
Mrs. Anna B. Phillips, of Baltimore, is
visiting for a few days at the home of her
brother, Capt. j.. NJ. Pyne.
Mr.. Frank W. Bigger and bride arrived
in Charles Town on Friday evening last, and
are at Mr.. Guy Webster's.
DR.. T. R. Aisquith, a former townsman,
participated as usher at a wedding in Cal
thersburg, Md, Wednesday night.
Mrs. James A. Davenport and children,
of Atlanta, are expected to-day for the sum-
mer by Mrs. Beall, mother of Mrs. d.
Miss Louisa H. Gallaher has Miss Eva
FARMLAND, daughter of Capt. FARMLAND of
Stephens City, as her guest at "Mt. Paryo."
Mr.. VIII Trapnell, who has been taking
a course in electrical engineering, at Purdue
University, Lafayette, Indiana, is at home.
Misses Laura and Pearl Hughes left on
Friday last to visit Mrs, DR.. Rusmiselle
near Capon Roads, Shenandoah county, Va.
Prof. St. Geo. T. Brooke, of the law de-
partment, West Virginia University, and
his family are here at the home of Mrs.
Brooke's father and mother.
Miss \. V. Wilson expects to return to
Guadalajaro, Mexico, next Tuesday. 1t is a
Journey by rail of about 5000 miles, which
she expects to make within seven days.
Rev. DR.. Huntington, of Columbian Uni
yersity, came up from Washington Friday
night, to the home of his %son-in-law, Post
MASTER General Wilson. He left the next
day for Raleigh Springs,
Mrs. Mary Bolts Fitzgerald and two daugh-
ters from Houston, Texas Mrs. Elizabeth
Busey and Miss Elizabeth Champion, of
Washington. d. c., and Mrs. E. E. Cooke,
Of Providence, r. l., are at Mrs. Flagg's.
Messrs. VIM. NJ. Anderson, Chas. Gaddess
and G.. A. Baldwin arrived here Monday
evening after a two-days' ride on bicycles
from Baltimore via Gettysburg and Hagers-
town, and were the guests of Mr.. c. A.
johnson. They left Tuesday morning to
continue their ride down the valley as far
as Natural Bridge. From there they will
20 via Richmond to Baltimore.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Died, at the home of her son William on
the 18th Of June, Mrs. Eliza Haycock, wife
of James Haycock-aged IS years. She
died in the glorious hope of seeing her sa-
vior. She was a devoted wife and loving
mother, and a good neighbor. She leaves
three childreu-William, Emma and Mary
to mourn their loss. Her remains were
inferred in Edge Hill Cemetery at Charles
Town A FRIEND.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

The Merchant brand of coiee-prepar-
ed especially for the West End grocer, w. 5.
Merchants on the market. The exterior
appearance of the packages is pretty, very
attractive. indeed, and the coffee is com
mended as something away above the aver
age. We viii know more about it after we
have tried the sample sent US.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Before passing upon you the extreme
penalty of the law" said the judge to the
miserable wretch who stood in the dock, Il
wish to see if you have a spark of feeling
left in your hardened breast. Do you re-
member your mother? ' 81 should say did,
your honor" replied the prisoner, a shade
of annoyance creeping over his face. 81
once slept in a night shirt that she made
mo-
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Mr.. VIM. Miller has received a letter from
Roanoke. Va, stating that his brother, Mr..
Thomas Miller, had received a stroke Of pa
~ralysis. but is improving somewhat. Mrs.
Eliza Ann Miller, his other, who now lives
in Roanoke, was rendered specifies and
entirely helpless by g paralytic stroke a few
weeks ago.-SieD. Register.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
.W,FRREED.

At the home of the brides parents near
Dufields. on the evening of June O. ls93r
bv Rev. J. E. Triplett, Mr.. BENJAMIN WASH
INGTON and Miss ELLEN EDWARDS
daughter of Mr.. Nelson Edwards.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

The PaIkersburg Sentinel is of the opin-
ion that the coming Democratic candidate
for Governor is William Nelson Chancellor
Of that city.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

A majority OF the delegates elected to the
Democratic State Convention of Kentucky
are against free coinage of silver.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

A telegram on Monday from Columbus,
Ohio, says: The delegation from this county
to the Democratic State Convention is made
up entirely of a%nti-free silver Democrats -
This being the home Of Thurman and Tay-
Tor. tine free silver advocates, the fact is sig
ni6cant.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Ground has been broken preparatory to
laying the foundation for a chapel for the
Presbyterian congregation. The site fronts
the driveway west Of and is partially
in rear 81. the church, location that cannot
now be improved by newspaper criticism or
objection.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Mr. Peter Vivian Daniel and Miss Marion
Mcdowell were married at the residence of
the bride in Fredericksburg last night by
the Rev. \. ?. Saunders.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Last Wednesday Or. Van Lear Perry
whilst riding with a two-year-old child OF
Mrs. Lasimer's, was thrown from his horse.
He was quite seriously hurt by falling upon
hi. head The child was not injured. DR..
P. we are pleased to announce, Is about
again.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Ex-United States Senator J. y. Camden
SAYS arrangements have been perfected for
the construction of a railroad from Clarks-
burg TO New M%artiusyille, Wetzel county.
Work will begin in thirty days.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
Church Notes

Rev. DR.. G. y. Campbell preached in the
Presbyterian Church on Sunday morning.
Children's day services of the Kabletown
SuDday-scbool will be in the church, begin
ming at 10 o'clock on Sunday next, June %.
Rev. DR.. A. C. Hopkins on Sunday last
was at Falling Waters, Berkeley county,
participating in the installation of Rev. Ed
ward r. Lsyburn as pastor of that church.
The Jefferson County Sunday school Con-
v~ention will be in the NJ. E. Church, South,
Summit Point, Aug, S and 9. A good pro-
gramme has been prepared and it is hoped
that all Christians who are interested in the
Suuday-school work will attend.
George W. holland, a former resident of
this town. and brother Of J. H. and c.. c.
holland. died at his home in Baltimore on
Thursday last, of consumption-in the 59th
year Of his age. He married a Lancaster
county, lady who survives to cherish the
memory of an afectionate husband. During
the Brown raid upon Harpers Ferry he was a
member OF Capt. Rowan's company, and
in 1861 went wi h the same command into
the Confederate army and was a good aud
faithful member of the S.onewall Brigade.
Through tha war he maintained his Chris
',0 ... g, and for many years since
adopting Baltimore as his home has been
an active and useful member of Calvary
N. +. Church. South. The funeral services
were conducted in that church last Saturday
afternoon. The venerable mother of the
deceased is a resident of this town and is
about % years Of age. In the death of her
beloved son, who lived a consecrated life,
she has consolation in the fact that the sep
aration will not be for long. Confederate
veterans in Baltimore were pall-bearers at
the funeral Of the deceased.
The following persons have been selected
as members of the advisory board for JEFF
ferson county of the Hagerstown fair Col.
VIM. A. Morgan, chairman Towner Schley,
secretary Dr.. A. s. Reynolds, J. Frank
Legge, G. ID. Wysong, Lee H. Moler, c. H..
Knott, f. II. Reinhart, Frank @. Manning,
DR.. VIM. Neill, B. F. Harrison, G.. T. Lick
lider, II. L. Snyder, J. p. Kearfott, NJ. B..
Baker, J.. II. little, J. T. Kearney, r. w.
Morrow, Isaac II. Strider, c. c. Couklyn,
George Walker. Which one Of the above
mentioned advisory" editors expressed his
desire TO give practical demonstration Of his
interest i'm the exposition by writing the fol-
lowing note
President of Hagerstown Fair: Dear Sir
Put me down on your cattle list for a calf.
Yours truly
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Ewes Examined Free -Prof.H Broustein,
the scientific optician of Baltimore, Nd
win visit Charles Town June 24th aud re-
main one week He has fitted large num-
Der of our people with glasses, giving great
satisfaction. Office in Maxwell building,
above A. c. Wyukoop's office, opposite
Carer House.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

Mrs Joseph Feagan died at the residence
of her husband near Mechanicstown on
Tuesday Of last week. The funeral services
were at the house on Thursday afternoon,
Rev. DR.. A. C. Hopkins officiating. The
remains were inferred in Edge Hill Gene
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
Tired, Weak, Nervous
Could Not Sleep.

Prof. L. D. Edwards, Of Preston,
Idaho, says: Il was all run down,
weak. nervous and irritable through
overwork. I suffered from brain IA
tigue. mental depression, etc. l be
came so weak and nervous that l
could not sleep, l would arise tired,
discouraged and blue. Ibegan taking
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

We received an invitation, which we
would have been delighted 90 accept by our
presence If it had been practicable, to at
tend the marriage yesterday evening in
fredericksburg Virginia, of Mr.. Peter vi
Wan Daniel aud Miss Marion Nc
Dowe,l. May the best things in this life be
vor,h.afaI the hannv connie
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19

The Wheeling Register says The DEM
ocrats of Indiana have wisely decided not to
divide the party by holding a silver conyen-
ton at this time, when a year hence 1t Is
probable the cheap money mania will have
disappeared before the march Of prosperity.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
It Cures. :"

DR.. Miles Nervine is sold on a positive
guarantee that the first bottle viii benefit
AHdruggists sell IL at 81, 6 bottles for 8, or
IL will be sent, prepaid, on receipts Of price
by the DR.. Miles Medical Co, Elkhart, Ind.
- EzEfZ1R
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1895-06-19
DR.. Miles Neryine

and now everything IS changed. l
sleep soundly, l feel bright, active
and ambitious. l can do more IN one
day now than 1 used to do in a week;
For this great good l give DR.. Miles
Restorative Nervine the sole credit.