The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1895-10-25
HSw THEORIES OF SLEEP.
ihe Old ones Are Admitted TO Be rnsatss-
factory.

: he Old Ones Are Admitted TO he tnsats-
faceory.
Since the discoveries made by Golgt
Csjal. Retzius and others Of the Pc
euiiar anatomical characteristics ofths
nerve cells. n number Of new theoriea
regarding brain function and brain 40
ton have been in the feld. The nerve
cell, as il is now understood. consists
OF a very large number Of long
branched processes. which are called
the protoplasmic processes, and .
single axis cylinder which extsndg
ont, becoming eventually the nerve
fiber and giving of fine lateral
branches. II has also been shcsrn
that each nerve cell in the
brain is in contiguity with some OTTER
nerve cell. or rather with the terminals
Of the axis cylinder process OF THAI
cell, but that no actual union takes
places between the processes from TIE
one cell and fiber process OF the other.
When one set Of nerve cells. for en-
ample, are thrown into activity, ina
pulses are sent out along the aka
cylinders and their terminal end
brushes, and these affect by con.acs
the protoplssmic processes of othcx
cells Cajl and others look upon the
axis cylinder and nerve fiber rs con.
veying impulses out from tho nerve
cell or body, while the protoplasnio
processes receive impulses brought In
them and carry them 10 the cell body.
These latter, therefore, are sometimes
called eellulipetal. while the axis
cylinder process 10 called eelluiisugal-
We are speaking, Of course. now OF
the relations of the different groups OK
cells in different parts OF the brain.
rather than of the relations of thess
cells TO the spinal cord aud parts he
low. Some time ago Prof Duval PRO-
posed the theory Of sleep based uppa
the peculiar relations of the brain cells
and fbers. According 10 this theory.
the nerve cells i'm repose retrzeted thar
processes. which. ss he thought were
really pseudopods The cell processes
being thus retracted. the contiguity 10
the cell with other cells Wa less per
feet; hence their functions became low
cred, consciousness was lost. and sleep
eusued- Kolliker objected 20 this view.
on the ground that aimee bold moves
ments are never observed in nerve
cells, at least of the higher
animals; Duval having contsndsd
that he had seen such msss-
msnts in the lower orders
of animals Csj2l. siding with Kolli-
ker, states that no matter what way
you kill an animxl-by shock. straagu-
iation. or snestbssia-the nerve celia
never differ In zspect and one never
can discover any amsboid movements
among them. even when they ere
placed freshly in the Geld OF ths Eai-
croseopeL
Cajsl, has. however. suggested an
other theory Of sleep which he believes
more rational and more in seeordsacs
with facts. While nsTve cells dc uSs
have smeboid movements, there ara
scattered richly throughout the brsiu
tissues other cells known "a ne Grogiia
cells These are cells with very nsnsr-
Gus hne processes. and they form
In large measure the sap
porting framework Of The brain
tissue sending their fine progresses
in among the nerve calls aaA
blood vessels Now csjals theory .
that these nsnroglia cells during re-
pose extend or relax their fine hsIr-
IKE processes A. the result II the
the perfect contsct bet~.sn ths
processes Of the nerve cells and the s1d
brushes from the axis cylinders thss
surround them II iutsrfered villa.
hence the brain function - slowed up
and sleep ensBes- Daring activity
these Beurogiis cells rstrast th@lr
nnnberiess tns processes. the contact
betETeen the nerve cells becomes PER
feet again. and mental fnscti0es sc
resumed The practical ssSts vpoa
which Csjai bases this Ingenious tn
CRY are tbs; the nsar0zlis es!Is ara
fo1ad % be Ia ci1sFe1t sts:9A "a
some their proeesscs are rssrssf~d
ard shrivslsd. and "a 0sher thsy
are szs<nosd There - Ea4ses-
tlouably az arnsso.d Ha0.ssn.>=s.
;Aerefore. IA tbs class % celia fss-
fbsrEnore. q - "a 1cesrdsnss. he ssSn.
with pkyssoioxie4l ,sess that Ed
zozid rstracs its processes a1riax 90
tivity AID relax thea dariax rspoea-
TIE phJsleAl oasaa II .le<a shsrefs~s.
according % THE rs@-. woaid hs ths
hrisiiiSx up .. The hzsr-Iike PROCESSES
q tie aezrcxlis cells a sqs~sE,ng q
thsn - set~e~n Tee z.xAis~ry ~
whieh the nerve isavuls-@ p&ss zsA .
sort ~ a eiozYinz 81 tAs .hyssesS
Esechar iszn
szea theories are. % ecsr-e. ss zss
oEiy tssori~s asd mar - rsxsra<d s
practical rsisds vita Er~zs cs1-ters J.
SSH. there = soz-stig.eA az 11x2asas-m
IA sessEst1s hyp0tb~ses. eyes g shsr
fsFsaxa orly al sntsll-ctSz. szsrx,.s
"a a. xsn4sms H--4l-ss -