davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
The Illimitable Depths of Space.

The Illimitable Depths Of Space,
Sir Robert Ball, who has an unequal.
ed faculty Of throwing light upon as.
Economical facts which are ordinarily
beyond the power Of the human mind
to grasp, has endeavored in the last Of
bis lecture to suggest the inconceivable
distance Of some Of the stars in tho
heavens. Taking electricity, which will
travel around the world seven times in
one second, or, as It is generally calcu-
lated, 10000 miles q second, as the
unit Of speed, he shows that it would
take eight minutes to send O message
to the SUN. To reach Alpha Centauri,
the nearest star, however, would take
no lsss than four years. Many Of the
stu more remote stars would be still
unreached II an electrical impulse had
been dispatched to them at the time of
the battle of Waterloo. eighty years
ago. and had been continuously travel.
Ing In their direction at its normal
gait Of 10000 miles a second. Again,
there are over our heads thousands of
stars 90 distant that IL the news of the
discovery Of America by Columbus had
been circulated far and wide through
out the universe BY the fundamentally
OF the telegraph these Thousands Of
stars are elevated into boundless space
ut IN altitude so stupendous that the
announcement would not yet have
reached them. Many stars are only
known to US by the impression they
made on Photographic plate. Many
Of these are 10 far from this earth that
Il the tidings Of the first Christmas at
Bethlehem, 1894 years ago, had been
disseminated through the universe by
the electric current all the seconds
which have elapsed in the 1894 years
Of our present era would not have sui.
feed for the journey.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
Eey Uses fer Ola Gables.

Many cities which are discardins
their cables in favor of electricity for
street traction are availing themselves
Of q plan first tried on the Market
street road, San Francisco for using
PIP worn out cables. Old rope ID cut
in lengths short enough to melt in .
small cupola, and from 1t are cast car.
rying pulleys and even sheaves Of 30
inches diameter. A curious feature of
the casting 10 its extreme brittleness,
4 sharp, sudden blow from q hammer
causing the pulley to f,y into frag:
msnts like glass. On this account 1t 70
necessary to cast the pulley on ito
axle instead Of boring and inserting
the shaft, - IL usually done. Al
though the castings may be % easily
fractured, they are found to last In
service fully as long a. the ordinary
pulley, and 40 the wheel 10 Of the
same metal ~ the rope It carries, II
affords an ideal surfaces for tho rope
y Fqp upon.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09

A Wounded Horse's Fidelity.
In the memoirs of General Count
de segur," aid-de-camp of Napoleon,
recently published, the following af-
fecting incident is related; II have
said that during the nocturnal attack
of the Ulra, ON December o, 1 was un-
horsed. My animal had been wounded
by o bullet in his chest, from which
the blood was streaming; and as he
could no longer carry me, had been
forced to leave him, leading his equip
ment on my shoulders. When I had
reached our first outposts, about 800
PAGES OF, sat down to rest before the
fire, in some grief at the loss of my
mount, when plalntive sound and an
unexpected contact caused me to turn
my head. 1t was the poor beast,
which had revived, and. had dragged
itself In the wake Of my footsteps; in
spite Of the distance and the darkness.
It had succeeded In finding me by the
light Of the camp fire, had come up
groantng to lay its head ON my shout
der. My eyes filled with tears ut this
last proof Of attachment, and was
gently stroking 1t, when, exhausted
from the blood It had lost, and its ef-
forts to follow me, In the midst of tho
men, who were rs surprised and touch
ed as myself, 1t fell down, struggling
Tor q moment and expired.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
dome aaraan r.llr.


Do not let beets grow too thickly In
the bed. Two to a foot ID enough for
the ordinary garden sorts.
Don't let the weeds grow up and 70
to seed where early crops have been
removed and in the paths. II you do
1t will be adding to your work next
year.-Farm News.
Keep the soil stirred during the dry
weather. It IL better to do this late in
the afternoon, ~ turning the cool soil
to the surface serves to c0ndense the
moisture that Is In the air ard the
plants get the benefit Of 1t.
Remember that cabbages cannot be
cultivated too often. Put q coat Of anc
barn yard scrapings or commercial fer
tilizer on the patch and work It into
the soft 10 the cultivation proceeds.
This will help the plants when they
are ready to head up.
Celery may be set now. DIG trench.
es foot deep and then make the bot.
tom hne and rich for four inches more.
Give the plants plenty Of water and
lill in the trench as they grow up. be.
Ing careful not to allow any loose soil
to get into the heads.
Sow turnips from the 18th to the
last Of July. The earlier sorts do best
II the sowing 10 put OF till late. The
purple top strap leaf II good variety,
but some Of the round, early white
varieties are very -fine IN texture and
flavor. We prefer the snowball to any
other variety.
II you have not poles for the Lima
beans . very good substitute ID com.
mon plastering lath. Set them In the
hills and tic the tops Of four together
and pinch OF the vines when thsy
reach the tops Of the. hath. This viii
make heavier crop Of mature beam
and the side branches will perfect
thsiF crop bstter for The pinching back
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
TIC r.x ;. Parisian TAeateris.

The TAG On Partisan Theaters.
The Paris theatrical managers ~
agitating, not for tho abolition Of The
..Droit des pauvres"-or tax on theat-
rical receipts for the benefit Of the
poor-but for some change in the ~.
TEN Of collection. At present the tar,
which amounts to Is per cent. % levied
upon gross receipts, and IL often paid
by managers who are making no prof
Its, or sometimes even sustaining. \
nightly loss. Altogether the imp0Ge
yields annually about 1900 francs,
or $500. 600 One result Of the systeni
Is that there can be no mystery AZ to
the degree Of success or failure Of any
new play; as the ofilclal returns reyeal
the exact condition Of each theatrical
treasury, thus preventing the emit.
nous amount Of lying which forms &
regular and important part Of the
press agents business here and eIess
whcre.-New York Post.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
COATING COTTON WITH SILK.

A Process Similar to silver PLATING
Tried On Textile Fabrics.
A great deal Of tableware is made of
IN alloy containing copper, zinc, and
nickel, plated with silver. Similarly,
1t has NOW been found practicable to
give a silk coating to cotton and linen
fabrics, thus imparting to the goods a
beautiful luster and q soft feeling not
found in the untreated material. The
silk used for this purpose is waste
that could not be devoted to any other
service.
A French publication the "Moniteur
de La Teinture," recently described the
apparatus and processes required for
this work. The solid framework Of all
vegetable fiber, is composed mainly of
chemical compound, called cellulose.
Any cellulose tissue may be treated
successfully by this system. The yarn
or woven goods is first run through o
bath Of strong sulphuric acid or caus-
tic potash. II there be any animal
fiber intermixed with the cellulose,
the aIid bath is preferable. BY COM
pressing the material with rollers the
air Is forced out Of the pores, and the
liquid is more readily absorbed. Then,
after going through a washing ma
chine, the cloth is dried under tension
to keep 1t from creasing. The tissue
has now not only been freed from Ger.
tain impurities and become whittier,
but its nature has been slightly modi-
fed. Another bath is prepared, In
which silk waste has been dissolved.
The liquid used for this purpose is O
solution Of very pure hydrated oxide
Of copper or nickel In ammonia, al
though here again an acid may be
used instead of an alkali. Special pro-
vision is made, through water jackets,
for Keeping all these liquids cool. The
temperature must be maintained at or
below As degrees Fahrenheit. AT
length the goods to be coated are run
through the silk solution, and squeez-
ed as before to exclude air and absorb
the liquid. The silk thus penetrates
all through the cellulose. In the next
drying the cloth loses the ammonia,
which is carefully recovered In the
form of vapor, condensed and used
again. The material 10 therefore soak.
ed In weak solution of an acid Inv.
Ing special affinity for that metal,
and forming Herewith a salt which
easily dlssolves. After fresh washing,
then, the cellulose is left with coat
Ing Of silk and nothing more. Ia this
first coat is not as thick las is desired,
second and third may be applied,
and then the silk tissues are mechani-
cally finished by beetling, calenderlng,
brushing, polishing and pressing. II
any dye is to be impaired to the goods,
1t 10 used just before they are Inn
mersed In the silk solution.-New York
Tribune.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
Trunk, nike Drcs.er.,

"A new trunk that is finding favor
with many women who dislike the
lifting of heavy trays, or the turning
of the contents of Il carefully packed
trunk topsy-turvcy in order TO reach
something placed in the middle or
bottom Of it, is constructed like a
dresser. with the trays like SO many
drawers thar can be drawn out as
easily as the drawers of 81 wcll-made
bureau. 1t has not the appearance Of
q piece of bedroom furniture, how
ever, when closed. as the lid forms
part Of the side of the trunk, locking
near the bottom. These trunks are
very strong and light, being clamped
with iron made CT q cellulose fiber,
with the woodwork three-ply veneer.
The drawers run OH metal slides.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09

Riding the bicycle has ceased to be
either undigniiicd or conspicuous Sew
eral years ago bishop denounced the
practice by women as immodest and
therefore immoral. An immodest
woman on Il bicycle would surely be
fmmodest still. the wheel not having
any power to save her, but an immod-
est woman would be immodest walk
Ding in the street or sitting in the
church. or wherever she might be.
The bicycle has nothing whatever to
do with modcsty or inim0dcsty. with
morality or immortality; and when the
pious bishop uttered his denunciation
Of the machine and it's use his intel
aectuals must have been befuddled by
too much bordering on subjects too
hard or too easy for him. But his die
tum has not counted for much, for the
bicycle is growing in popularity every
day, and the manufacturers one of
whom Mt least is turning out 100 MIL
chimes Il day, have difficulty in filling
the orders that are sent to tliem.-Lip
nincOtt'S,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
Preventi.s Hsr.s,

This is the method pursued by Mrs.
NJ. E. Nelson, Of Wichita, Kansas, for
keeping the horns of her cattle: She
takes the calves from one to three
weeks old, wraps a stick Of caustic
potash with tinfoil or other article,
leaving one end Of the caustic free.
and wetting the end she applies It
briskly to the little horns. ssBe care.
full" she urges, Ito prevent the caus-
tic from contact with your own fesh
or that Of the calf, except space the
size Of silver dime Immediately upon
the embryonic horn. When the horn
Is burned out apply apple cider vine,
gar to the sore, after which ali the cav
ity with finely pulverized alum. In
most cases the bleeding will be slight.
The above treatment may have to be
repeated in two or three weeks IL the
first APPLICATION fails. have used this
method Of preventing horns for three
years with unvarying success"
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09

The Royal Baking Powder Company
controls its own cream of tartar fac.
tory and the processes for making
the only absolutely pure cream of tar.
tar. 1t sends its product to millions
Of homes all over the world, supplies
the Army and Navy, the great trans
atlantic steamers, the finest hotels
and restaurants. The Royal is rec.
commended by the best chefs ard au.
thorities on cuisine in every land.
lts sale 10 larger than that Of all other
cream Of tartar baking powders com.
bined and It has more friends among
housekeepers than any other similar
article,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
/, usvvu,s 4 .1vna.

WAat . Rilot fFe0 RittsbafD -
Cairs Must Carry IN nts usa1. ss
At this season Of the year, when TIE
river excursion business u ct IL.
height. and hundreds of boats are
carrying thousands Of people to and
fro along the entire length Of the Ohie
river from Pittsburg to Cairo. many
persons who ordinarily never give the;
subject a thought are being impress.
cd with the wonderful way in which
navigation on our beautiful stream 10
carried on. The first thing noticed
generally IL the accuracy with which
the pilot handles the boat, avoiding
the bars, which are near the surface
Of the wnter at this season Of the year
going from one side Of the river to the
other, and finally, without jar, land.
ing them all safely at their destina-
ton. When the excursion business 10
over these same men will assume SINH.
lar positions on packets and towboats
carrying hundreds Of tons of freight
and thousands Of bushels Of coal on
every trip with the same accuracy
with which they handled the oxcur.
sion steamers during the summer.
A large number Of the pilots rum
ming out at Cincinnati know the river
from here to New Orleans, others
from here to Memphis, and others still
to points up the river as far as Pitts
burg. "Know the river!" This phrase
means much. For instance, a man
running from here to New Orleans
must be able to take charge of the
wheel of his boat at any hour Of the
day or night, at any point of the river,
and on any stage of water. He must
be able to tell Mt glance exactly
where the boat is, at any point on this
long stretch of 1913 miles. He must
know every bend and chute, and by
day the different points by which to
steer, such MS houses. barns, trees.
fences, and even haystacks; by night
every light placed by the government
in conspicuous places, as we'll ne the
hills aud their shape: lie must know
exactly how long to hold the boat to
one light or object before changing to
another. When the Mississippi river
Is reached a new feature presents It.
self in the shape of the constantly
changing chanel. TO work here re.
qulres more skin and greater judg-
ment probably than all the rest Of the
difficulties combined. Going down, q
boat may 60 on one side of the river:
coming back 1t doesn't go within two
miles Of that place. When these
things are appreciated (and they nre
only small number of the things a
pilots must know. then 1t Is that the
pilot gets credit for what he does.
Pittsburg Commercfal- Gazette.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
DENSITY OF POPULATION.
Paris Has the Most Inhabftants to n
House AID Philadelphia the Few.

Paris Has the Most Inhabitants to O
House AID Philadelphia the Few.
est.
In all the countries of Europe, in the
United State and in the Dominion Of
Canada there are, so far as recent and
authentic figures show, 100000
houses. There. are $4,000 houses,
some of them unsubstantial affairs, In
the city of Toxic, Japan, one for
every five people, SO that the Japanese
metropolis does not suffer from over.
crowding.
New York has 115,OOO houses, aver.
aging eighteen residents to each. Lon.
don, the greatest accumulation Of in.
habitants in the world, has 100000
houses, or seven residents in each on
the average. London has increased in
this respect very rapidly, for at the
beginning Of the present century the
number Of houses was only 10000,
little more than New York has at this
time. The population of London at
that time (1SU0) was 980, 600. 1t is now
100000. So 1t has increased nearly
not increased In Us large ratio.
fivefold, but the number of houses has
Paris has 10000 houses. At the close
Of the Franco-Prussian war 1t had
10000. At the close of the Napoleonic
wars 1t had $4,000. The area of the
city has been extended meanwhile.
The average number Of residents in a
house In Paris Is twenty-five, which is
about so per cent greater than in New
York. The majority Of public build.
ingB in Paris are utilized for pur.
poses Of residence, especially upon the
top floors, whereas in New York scores
of the buildings in every street down
town are given over exclusively to
business purposes. In a square mile
or more Of the territory between Wall
and Spruce streets and between Broad.
way and the East river there was ut
the recent election only 43O voters,
representing q total population of
1,750.
In all computations of city popula-
ton by houses Philadelphia ranks as
q shining example Of a big town which
has plenty Of elbow room to expand
In. Philadelphia, with a population In
excess Of 1000, 900, has 49,, 600 houses.
It 10 less densely populated than Lon
don, but not much less so.-New York
Sun.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
A Coon's Memory.

"A coon may not be very commuEi-
catiye animal, but his receptive and
retaining faculties are excellent. At
one Of the Grand Island resorts
young representative Of the species
occupies a limb Of a tree before the
hotel. One day. early in the spring,
while the ice was going down the riv-
er in cakes an acre wide, youth un-
tied the coon and threw HIM into the
cold water. The coon swan to the
shore, but since that time his tormen-
tor has not approached him without Il
fight. The coon snarls and bites and
grits his teeth, and in other character
tstic ways gives vent to the feeling
that is within him. Occasionally,
when very hungry, lie will eat from a
dish held to his perch by his enemy,
but when his hunger las been ap-
peased one of his long hands is sure
to start at lightning pace for the fin
gers of the man holding the bowl Of
bread and milk.-Buifalo Courier.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09

The back board is hinged to the front
Of the pen on the side marked "a"
The pail can thus be set into the
holder on the outside of the pen and
the holder swung quarter Of the way
sound and booked, thus bringing the
pail inside the pen. When removed q
button keeps the calf from getting his
head out through the opening. Such
. contrivance can easily be made by
any one handy with tools, and will be
found q considerable saving OF time
% well as feed. 80
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
Not Underwood.

Misunderstood he bitterly ~
claimed. 4s5sst !
The world had read Ills poem and
laughed mocklngly. IS s.
misunderstood" I
This time It was the soda water
girl who sold him q cluD cocktail for
whisky straight. S
misunderstood" he sobbed, and
wondered whether he had better use'
his last ten cents to buy morphine, Of
to get the razor shnrpened. --Detroit
Tribune.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09

Knocked out,
Reporter-I suppose you realized a
large sum Of money on your last fight,
didn't you?
Pugllist-Naw, didn't realize moth
ing until came to, q week after der
scrap.-Truth.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
NRect Of GOOD Feoa.

Eggs from hens that are fed largely
on slops and refuse are not as good for
cooking purposes as those which are
laid by hens having a liberal ration of
corn or wheat, and of the two corn
makes the richest egg. as it adds to
the fat content and gives the contents
Of the shells consistency that makes
1t specially valuable for baking and
kindred uses, A meat ration also adds
to the value of the eggs, and 1t Is be-
cause ducks are such ravenous hunters
Of frogs and the many insects on land
and water TINT their eggs are prefer
red to all others by bakers and con.
fectioners. Guinea eggs are specially
rich in this quality and are better for
baking and making icing than those
Of almost any other fowl, The pro-
duction Of good eggs is q comparative.
ly new idea and 1t has not been dis.
cussed half as much as its merits de
serve that It should be.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
Cooki.s Feed for Hogs.

The veteran agricultural writer, wal.
do +. Brown, in the Practical Farmer,
presents a strong argument against
the practice Of cooking feed for hogs.
He quotes nine years experiment
made at the Maine State college, end.
ing in 1878, in which 1t was shown that
In each Of the nine years knocked
meal gave o greater gain In weight
than cooked. 1t Is a very conclusive
trial, and we give the table herewith,
The difference between the figures In
the first and second columns shows
the excess Of grain Of the pigs fed
raw over that Of those TINT were fed
cooked meal:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09
Protect Cows From Files.
MOST PERFECT MADE

Protect Cows From Flies.
II COWS could be protected In sum-
mer from flies it would undoubtedly
be a means of largely increasing the
milk flow and save much annoyance
IN milking. Prof. G. NJ. Weed Of the
New Hampshire agricultural expert
ment st .tion gives the following meth-
DDS of preventing the attacks OF the
horse-fly, which, we presume, would ne
equally effective for any othef Alnu VI
hy. 1t is simple and worth trying:
The most satisfactory way OF pre-
venting the attacks of the horse-hy Is
to apply to the cattle some substance
that serves as repcllant. we nave
experimental with a number OF ma
terials and find that the best results
are obtained by the use Of cheap OIL
such as fish oil or crude cottonseeo
oil-to which small amount Of car
bolic acid or pine tar has been audeu.
Apply rather lightly to the cattle ny
means of paint brush, Il sponge or
even n woollen cloth. Such combina-
ton Immediately drives off the flies
and remains in condition to keep
them off for about n week. This Is
very simple remedy; it should be ap-
Dlied whenever the tlies become troup-
lesome.
Either of the following formulas are
recommended for this purpose:
1, Crude cottonsecd or fish oil, z
parts; pine tar, part. 49,.
9. Crude cottonsccd or fish oil, 100
parts; crude carbolic acid, 3 parts.
In either case these substances are
to be mixed aud applied as described
above.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1895-08-09

The heroine had the center ~
stage. 49. 4
amid such surroundings" sheen
claimed, looking raptly at the people
"wllo could not be happy?"
Upon her felicity broke the vill1en
rudcly.
"Ha, ha," he laughed through his
nose. "Wait."
She shiyered with n nameless dread.
wait" lie cried. It'll you see the
scenery we get when we SO on the
road."-Detroit Tribune.