The record-union., 1895-04-01
CHANGERS AND THEIR INTERESTS.
Pomona Grange Holds a Farmers
Institute.
Interesting Papers Read on Practical
Subjects Relating to Farming
and horticulture.


pices of Pomona Grange of this county, |
was held at Grangers' Hall in this city on
Saturday. The attendance was large. in
Guiding many new members, while there
were Grangers present from Sacramento. |
Enterprise, Florin. Elk Grove. American |
River, Roseville and Yuba City Oranges. |
After the Institute had been called to |
order by S. II. Jackman, Master of the |
Grange. the proposed Changers annual |
picnic was discussed, and the following |
committee was appointed to take charge
of the affair: Thomas p. Mcconnell, Ed |
Lynch, Joseph Simms, George c. Nc
Mullen, L. Schelmeyer, and Sisters
Lauridson, Will Davis, J. a. Simons. g.
II. Kerr and George Williamson.
The following officers were installed by |
A. P. Roache, Master ofthe State Grange:
Master, S. II. Jackman; Overseer. Jo-
seph Holmes; Lecturer, Mrs. David |
Reese; Steward, Daniel Flint; Assistant |
Steward, A. NJ. Plummer: Chaplain, D. |
Lufkin; Treasurer, NJ. Sprague; Secre-
tary, A. a. Krull; Gatekeeper, l.. Schel- !
meyer; Pomona, Mrs. 1oungman; Flora,
Mrs. A. a. krull; Ceres, Mrs. A. M.
Jackman; Organist, Della Krull; Trus-
tees, J. A. Simons, D. Reese and J.
Sims.
After the installation an address was
delivered by Master OF the State Grange
Rosche.
RURAL HOMES.
paper on the Sanitary Condition OF
Rural Homes" was read by DR.. Charles !
Mealand. He said the science of late |
years attracted much attention, and has
almost kept pace with social and political |
economics. Sanitary science deals with
the food supply OF man as well as with
the external conditions which surround |
him, such as proper clothing, habitation,
etc. Healthy soils are those which are
dry and permeable, or which have such
slope as to render drainage easy. On the
other hand, soils which are fiat, moist
and lmpermeable are generally un-
healthy. Healthy soils are the grantees
metamorphic rocks, clay, slate, lime
stone. chalk, gravel and sand. Unhealthy
soils are clay, sand and gravel with clay
subsoil, alluvial soil, and marsh lands,
with the exception of peat lands.
The speaker said The placing of dwell
ing tends to exert an extractive force
upon the soil, because the air of the
dwelling is almost always warmer than
the external air, and there is, therefore. in
constant danger of sucking up the more
or less impure soil air. Trees may be
planted around house for wind break
but should not be so close as TO exclude
sunlight. In the country, where houses
are isolated, the earth system and
OLuOE uIJ m0luOuS Ol uls pOsluR VI 5lOpSt
etc., have many advantages.
he also spoke Of the diet, the personal
cleanliness that should pe observed, and
the bad results of failure to properly take
care of the body.
GOOD ROADS.
A. A. Krull read an interesting paper
on Good Roads" He said there are
very few good roads in this county. a
road left in its natural condition is better
than an improved one, according to the
manner in which roads are now i'm
proved. He called attention to the many
powders now on the Jackson road, and
10 the loose broken granite put on the
roads. Horses, he said, are averse to
travelling on broken granite.
METHODS IN HORTICULTURE.
Ernest A. Cannon read a paper en-
titled, Intensive, Rather than Exten-
siye Horticulture" He took the ground
that extensive horticulture refers to tracts
OF over htty acres in extent. The many
disadvantages Of this style OF horticulture.
he said, ought TO be apparent to any care
tul observer. The sHpshOd cultivation in
the frult-groWlng sections OF this county
and In many other counties of this State
said Mr.. Cannon, Will at once attract the
attention of any thorough horticulturist
so many portions OF large orchard need
attention at the same time that all must
necessarily be more or less slighted. In
stead OF narrowing at once, as is proper,
this Is often neglected until the whole
orchard has been pIoWed; thus by the
lime narrowing Is commenced, nearly
the whole surface has become SO baked
that this work Is almost a farce, Jumps
about the size of q mans head appearing
all over the orchard. One of the Grand
Island orchardists last year resorted 10
the use OF sledgeham with which 10
crush these huge clods.
Another serious difficulty found in
large orchards, he said, is that cultiva-
ton is not extended throughout the
whole season. Instead of retaining the
moisture in the soil for the use of plants
when most needed, il is allowed TO evap-
crate. What Mr.. Cannon said of cuIti-
Yatlon, be said, could also be said of
pruning, spraying, thinning, picking and
packing, all more or less neg iected on ac-
count of having too many acres needing
attention at one time. Financially there
can be no doubt of this style of horticult-
ure not bringing the success it ought, as
Ia horticulture careful attention to each
detail is the true source of revenue.
Socially one of the greatest evils of our
country is this spreading tendency, The
leasing Of large orchards to Chinese Jam
anese or other aliens strikes at the yery
foundation OF our society. Our schools
and churches, said Mr.. Cannon. are
both neglect on account OF not having
American families in the place of these
unnaturallZed foreigners. Often times
hundreds and even thousand-acre or
chards are controlled by a single owner,
who either rents to or hires these aliens
Intensive horticulture, said the speaker,
Is the bringing OF every tree and plant up
to ali ideal standard ot perfection, caus-
ing either TO bear the largest possible
amount of fruit of a superior quality one
year with another. This can only he
brought about successfully on small
tracts. On a small tract one Is enabled TO
better handle in every way every kind of
work, thus giving thorough attention to
each detail. The financial gain derived
from this method must be apparent to
every thinking man.
K. d. Stephens then addressed the in
stitute on Fruit Transportation" giving
his views as to the manner in which
fruits should be shipped, and what the
transpor tation should cost.
FRUIT CULTURE.
Ex-Supervisor E. Greer was to hava
read q paper on Fruit Culture" but
owing to the lateness of the hour il was
not read. The RECORD UNION reporter
was, however, permitted to make synon-
sis of the paper.
Mr.. Greer says it is true we have rich
soil and hne climate, and that nature has
done great deal TO advance fruit culture
IN California. Yet there is a great deal
left to be done in order to make frnit
planting and culture a financial success
and pleasant occupation. One must be
lover of fruit as we'll as gcultiyator in
order to be successful fruit grower. A
good fruit-grower enjoys being in his
orchard; he loves his trees aud vines.
they are his pets, and when conditions
are favorable and energy and pluck put
into the work the orchard will be sourca