davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
CRIMSON CLOVER.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
A crop which is attracting wide
spread attention from its value as a
green manure, as hay, for pasture, for
soiling, for silage az d many other
uses, is the crimson clover UrifoIium
incarnatum) 1t is an annual, the seed
usually being sown i'll August or Sep
tember, and where so desired can be
plowed under in the spring. It's prin-
cipal value is that of green manure,
as it can be grown on comparatively
poor soil, that would not support red
clover, and give an abundance of green
manure for ploWipg under or spring
pasturage
So far in the United States it is in it's
experimental stage. In Delaware,
North Carolina, and most of the other
Atlantic States where it has been tried
it has proved a great success; in Geor-
gia ar d Mississippi it was not so sue
cessful, but in l. Louisiana it grew abund
antly everywhere, giving large crops
of hay. In Nebraska, one of the few
Western States in which it has been
tried it proved itself as valuable as it
has on the Atlantic coast.
1t grows to height of nearly two
feet, bears scarlet flowers and sends
roots down into the soil for three or
four feet, opening it up, aiding in re-
moval of the excess of drainage water,
and bringing the plant food from the
sub-soil and depositing it near the sur
face, together with the organic matter
and nitrogen which it has obtained
from the air.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
CARE OF THE ORCHARD.

Editor Farmers VOice:-I am one
of those who believe that there is too
much murderous pruning; but still
pruning our orchards is necessary. It
is a serious assault upon the vitality of
a tree to cut off large limb. There
can be no doubt of that. Still it is often
necessary, but it is made necessary be
cause the tree has been neglected pre-
viously. Instead of watching the
growth of the tree and removing
branches that can be seen at the very
beginning of their growth to be useless
and worse, no attention is paid to them
very often and they are permitted to
grow into large branches that must
ultimately be removed. CD into an
average orchard ard behold the evi
dences of neglect All over the orchard
may be found trees that are not stand
ing straight. Now there are are two
ways to irs Ire straight tree. One Is
to plant the tree firmly and the other
is to straighten it if it begins to lean.
There is no use for leaning trees. Then
look at the wild, reckless growth of
the branches, the tree looking like an
uncombed head of hair. They have
heen permitted to grow at random.
soeaking of leaning trees, unless they
are straightened d at once, while young
it is almost impossible to stralghten
them. At least it requires great deal
of work and trouble to do it. In the
summer the az erage orchard is totally
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
No. 21

neglected though it is a season when
the trees call for constant watchfulnesg,
Young trees should be sustained bv
stakes and it should never be forgotten
that the tree should be pruned for
shape while it is young. In early sum,
merspraying should never rbeneglected,
and this should begin just as the fruit
begins to set. Two pounds of copper
sulphate, one pound of quick lime and
70 gallons of water should be used, and
the spraying should be repeated at in.
tervals Of three weeks In June and,
September borers must be watched.
Get them out of their holes If the
limbs are too heavily loaded with fruit
it is better to thin rather than prop up
the limb ss is often done. The remain
ing fruit will be better and there will
be no possible danger of splitting eff
the branches. FRED B. JOHNSON.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
PARLOR PLANTS.

There are not many fine fowing
plants which will grow and bloom in
perfection in the common atmosphere
of dwelling room; the air is too dry,
and it is not consistent with comfort to
keep the air saturated with moisture,
even were 1t practicable to do so. Par
lors are usually warm enough for plant
growth, and there need be no difficulty
in ke eping the soil as wet as is neces
sary, but although everything that
skill and care can suggest may be
iudiciously applied, yet the want of
proper degree Of moisture in the air
will go far toward counteracting all
other efforts to induce tbs sacto1y
growth in most fl )wering plants. But
the plants which suffer most are those
having the largest leaves, because they
present a greater surface for evapora
tion than smaller foliaged plants; hence
it is iudicious to select the latter, as
far as they are desirable for parlor cul
ture, as being more likely to remain
healthy under the circumstances. Un
doubtedly the best arrangement for
parlor plants is that of providing a
deep bay window for their accommo-
dation, which can be isolated from the
room proper by sliding sashes on
line with the walls of the room, so that
when the sashes are closed a cabinet
will be provided for the plants, the at
mosphere of which can be kept in a
condition more congenial to vegetable
health and the plants still be convent
emily enjoyable as parlor ornaments.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
HOW TO RAISE cow PEAS,

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
SOUTH CREEK, N. q.
~ After long silence, 1 have mustered
up courage enough to try to express a
small portion of the gratitude in my
soul for some of the valuable intorma-
ton 1 have received from being a mem
Der of the Grange and F. A. and I. U.
Aside from the social pleasure and
benefit 1 have received, my feeble mind
Is unable to express the valuable ideas
| have learned. I wall just give you
one thing that have learned which if
practiced by our brethren will almost
of itself free us from serfdom, l. g., the
manner of raising the common field or
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
AGRICULTURE.

The agricultural tendency Of the
mes is toward vary ing and increasing
le number of farm and orchard prod
cts.
Money is nota necessary prerequisite
good farming. Ifthe young yeoman
asgood health, energy and intelligence
} begin with, the future will take care
itself in a vast ms jority of cases.
A horse dealer says that carriage
limal broken so that he is entirely
Ite for a lady to drive brings from
Venty-fve to fifty per cent. more
oney than one that cannot thus be
arranted.
The farmer who takes best care of
shedge fence, we have long observed,
the man who has the best word for
lat much slandered institution of the
rm. Neglect will breed contempt
. anything in cur posses sion.
In many cases in order to secure the
st quality OF grapes it is essential to
in the fruit, One fine brand of we'll
3 atured grapes is worth two or three
lpertect ones. Be careful in trim
ing; cut to leave the most promising
inches.
II your horse is not eating his feed
ell, have his teeth examined before
sing him with medicine to increase
appetite. A man with an aching
9th Is not likely to relish his food,
ID neither is a horse, say the Michigan
1rmer.
With e good, deep seed bed, the bet
tailed the better the crop. If drouth
Is Ii and the corn makes a slow
o#th, it should be well cultivated
cry weak until IL has become too
r5e to plow. Stirring the soil will
Use it to retain moisture. OF course
vel culture will serve the purpose
S.
The fertilizer manufacturers of Mary
I'd have just formed State associa
n for the benefit of their business.
ie association proposes to regulate
ices, eqlalize freights, provide fol
utorm contracts, govern sales, give
d take advice relative to all matters
actin" the fertilizer business. VIII
RS be the last to organize fol
their special interests7
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
RALEIGH. N. c.. JULY 2, 1895.


lous to one reared as I was, to believe
the more peas you got to stand, the
more peas you would get. 1 caught
this idea from Granger who is now
a pioneer Alliance man of the deepest
dye that if wanted to raise peas in
stead of all vines, to have no thicker
than would corn on the same land.
Now to show you how carried it out
last year, 1 had four acres in Irish po-
tatoes; the rows were 81 feet apart. l
could not get it ready to plant till the
3Qth day of June. used a corn planter,
planting both peas and corn alike 4 feet
apart in the drill, putting corn on one
row and peas on the next, making 81
feet one way and feet the other; the
planter put from 2 to grains Of corn
in the hill and from to Z peas. I had
them thinned out to or 2 in a place,
which almost looked like none left.
Now in the first place it only took 1
peck of peas to plant say 2 acres, and I
whipped out and measured 62b bushels
of peas. The kind used was what is
known here as the wonderful pea.
have no idea 1 could have done as well
with any other kind, though have
never failed to raise bOuntiful crop
since learned how.
Now to show you that thinning them
was what made the pea, planted the
same peas on another piece of land,
planting every row 81 inches apart,
just as I did above, with the same
planter, and left them without thin
ming, and if ever you saw a mass of
vines, had them; they were so thick
and rank a man could hardly get
through them, and am satisfied the
three fourths of an acre did not make
more than 1 bushel of peas; in fact, l
did not even think about picking them.
AS most of the brethren have planted,
l would just suggest if you can't swal-
low this whole, just try little piece
and see how it feels, for there is no
chance of an overproduction of some
thing to support the farm with, for no
man ever had poor hogs, horses and
COWS with an abur 4nce to feed them
with.
Twill suggest that the only way have
gained the knowledge is 1 have from
being a member of the Grange and
Alliance; in attending the meetings
and reading the literature 1 venture
to say that if every farmer in the U nited
States would join the Alliance and
read THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER, we
would soon have no gold standard; in
fact we would have neither gold nor
silver as money. know men who are
members of Aurora Alliance who did
not know what it was to run crop
without a mortgage upon it even in
good times, and now with these close
times would feel insulted to think about
having to give a mortgage.
I am happy to say our Alliance is in
good i'm and on the increase, as our
late reports will show.
Fraternally, ETC.,
r II. LANE
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
PRESERVING THE OLD ORCHARD

AS a well known horticulturist saws.
if the orchard is worth preserving and
caring for, it should not be kept in
grass but cultivated frequently, up to-
about the middle of August. Crimson.
clover might then be sown; if it does
we'll l,Ssome pasture would be secured in,
late fall and early spring Re plow,
another year and continue the cultiva-
tion as in the first year. If crimson,
clover does not succeed in your land
and locality, rye might be sown in
order to keep the ground well furnished
with humus and preserve it's power Of
retaining moi ,ture in dry weather.
But if conditions are such that it seems
advisable to seed 1t down, then SOW
four or five quar-. of timothy, two Of
red clover and one of aIsike per acre.
In addition to this it might be well to
add about two pounds of orchard and
tall meadow fescue ii good seed can be
procured. If the land is not run to-
gether and is fIiable on the surface, it.
need not be plowed. Cultivate, harrow
and SOW the seed as early as pr S aible
and roll
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02

Ashes are very essential in building
up the bone in hogs, and should not be
overlooked. Farmers upon the west
ern prairies feed corn in large quanti-
ties, and there ashes are a scarce article
or wholly unknown. Corn cobs furnish
strong ash, and these may be burned,
carefully saved and spread upon a
clean floor where the animals can help
themselves
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02

0"eIoplng during the fall, Wlntel
ana spring it has the advantage over
most other green manures in that it is
not necessary to let your land lie idle
throughout the summer.
From the great depth to which it's
rOoCs penetrate, it does not require as
much fertilizer as red clover 10y fertil-
lzer 1 mean phosphoric acid and potash
SALTS, as nitrogen isnotat allnecessary
One OF the greatest restorative crops
CnaC Is grown in the country is melilo-
tus' but this can only be grown on lime
SOILS, crimson clover on the contrary
grows we'll on soils containing but lit
Gle Hm9, and while on lime soils and
lime soils at that that are completely
worn out, melilotus excels everything
else; and the same thing may be said
OF the black prairie soil. On sandy
and red clay lands, however, that con
tain but little lime, crimson clover is
much more successful than the melilo
tus, although it seems to grow much
better on the heavy clay lands than it
does on the light sandy soils.
About ten or fifteen pounds of seed
should be broadcasted in August or Sep
tember, there being some dispute as to
whether the seeds should be covered or
not, soma claiming the destr dction of
the crop from covering while others
claim the reveIso, but both locality and
climatic conditions should Influence US
great deal in our decision as to
whether we should cover our seed or
not. Before the clover has been sown
an application Of about $50 pounds of
acid phosphate and 1875 pounds of mu
riate of potash per acre should be made.
This will induce strong growth cause
the crop to absorb all of the nitrogen
necessary from the air. Oa some soils
a dose of lime would also be beneficial
From the autumn rains until the spring
it affords excellent pasturage, natures
its seed about May and then dies If
it is to be used as a restorative crop it
can be ploughed under, or by combin-
ing it with COW peas, as is done in the
Sout, not only a continual supply of
fresh hay can be had for stock, but the
soil can most quickly be restored to a
state of fertility. When you wish to
cut it for hay you make your hay crop
in April or May, according to locality.
For restoring the fertility of the soil in
orchards it has few equals and it also
presents soft bed for the fruit to fall
on. OF course care must be taken that
too great supply of nitrogen is not
given to the soil, for it seems to be in
furious to the trees when pres Mt in
too great quantity.
As this legume has proven so bene-
fetal to the soil, the stock and the
fruit of the Eastern and most of the
Souther States, as it fills in a gap left
open by COW peas, melilotus and red
clover, think it would be we'll for our
fruit raisers, stock rai5ers and agricul
turists in general in the Central and
Western and Southern States to pay
more attention to this crop and see if it
will not help to enrich some of the
worn out soil, as well as taking the place
of the red clover crop so extensively
grown in that section of the country.
L G.. PATTERs IN.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
HOW TO STEAK OATS.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
As I have seen many hints to farm
ers of interest, would give my plan
for stacking oats to prevent rats de-
stroying them. 1t is simply placing
the first round butts to the pole, then
turn the heads as usual, placing the
bundles close together. / have never
known this 10 fail. w. g. PAGE.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
Fraternally, ETC.,
d II
r II. LANE

Somewhat to the general surprise,
the estimate for the first of January,
1895, is there were still about 40, OOO,-
600 sheep in the United States. Better
still, good mutton sheep of the improved
breeds are bound to live down the
day of poor prices.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02

A hopeful sign of the times for South
ern farmers is that the directors of ex
pertinent stations are paying more at
tention than ever before to the improve
ment of the quality of grasses and
forage plants. They recognize the fact
that grazing is becoming more and
more important, as the worlds acreage
of cotton is increasing so rapidly.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
HORTICULTURE
HORTICULTURAL HINTS.

For the first few years in cultivating
an orchard it is advisable to plow deep
ly in the spring.
Fruit Is every year becoming more
plentiful, and the increased consump-
ton keeps pace with the supply.
Some species of fungi have neither
roote, stem, leaves, f1wers nor seed
and derive their nourishment through
pores.
In cultivating your apple trees you
may raise corn in it for a very few
years, providing you don't plant it too
near the trees, and will cut it up and
haul it out early in the winter, and by
no means make shock around tree
Whether you plant yearlings or five
1ear-olds, they will be about the same
sizo six or seven years after planting,
with the chances in favor of the
younger trees being the most firmly
rooted. But up to that time the older
trees will have paid decidedly the best.
One thing is certain, as rule the
horttculturist lives little better than
the average of men, as he always has
plenty Of fruit and vegetables to eat
He uses 400 to 500 loads of manure an.
nually, and his grounds show it. His
soil is an excellent one naturally.
The preservation of insectivorous
b rds and all innoxious reptiles should
be insisted upon by county and town
governments, and knowledge of the
principal forms of predacious and can
nibal insects disseminated through the
public schools both of town and county.
Whether tree is yearling without
a limb, or fve-year old ready to bear,
let the center stem be big at the bottom
and tapering up to a small top, like
buggy whip, only still more 50.
1t is an absurdity to suppose that a
tree can produce full crop of sound
fruit after its horiz )ntal roots have
been cut away by deep blowing or
spading, or when large limbs have been
cut away from the sides of the truok
by sudden pruning.
Remember that the trade once
dropped because of bad packing and
poor fruit is hard to regain, if it ever
can be. Send your good fruit sorted
by itself, and if you send poor fruit,
don't top out your pack ge with good
fruit; you will ruin it if you do. If
you don't do the packing yourself,
watch the man who does.
In order to grow good fruis-which
is the only kind that will pay-you
must follow up the necessary con
ditions; you must keep the land in
high state of fertility, which can only
be effected by regular manuring, that
is, by top dressing with the best fertili-
zers at least once a year. OF course
we include in this the abseLce of weeds,
or any kind of growth, upon The land
which is cropped with fruit bearing
trees.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02

No money is honest that can be
manipulated by the bankers of this
country. Bulletin Of Reform
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
IaNATIoNAL FARMERS ALL
RNCR AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

o-osident-J. F. Willetts, Topeka,
i2a; 4ice- Presidential, G. snavely, Leb-
non, Pa. - CAMP O,n.
an Columbia, 8. @.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
IL Loucks, Huron, s. D.; Mann
Il Ia Brandon, Virginia; I. E. Dean,
.TaSSeove .HSGa Falls, New York; 81. Q. Dem
no Secretary. Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
H MA Marion Butler, Raleigh, n. =.
JUDICIARY.
Southworth, Denver, Colo.
". Beck, Alabama.
v D. Davie, Kentucky.
oD-s CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLl-
ANCE.
Drosident-J. NJ. Mewborne, Klnston,
We. =, Presidential. G. 8huford, New
r. '98s2cTTo:toa;ry-Treasurer-W. n: IA; 8. Barnes
4LslSn} 4sesnr6r r6rHCyrus 5f. Thompson, Rich
'99s, 9999ew,ardCJ. Al, B. Hoover, Sim City,
y icSIanIain-Dr. :; T. T. speight, Lewis
Z, Roor. or. koeper-Geo. Is T. Lane, Green's
.osos SSsistant ST. nj Door keeper-Jas. E. Lyon,
-urham, n. 9.
saTgeant-at Arms-J. R. Hancock,
.---.Lo-O n q
.'[Sete'f5 State business Agent T Ivey, ttal-
SL, F-,,afae cii business Agency Fund-W.
G-aham. Machpelah, n. Z.
rvvw7ryE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
o.poTrsL FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
Marion Butler, Goldsboro, n. c.; j.
Long Eoka. n. G.; A. F. Hileman,
oncord, N. c.
s~ArE ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Jno. Brady, Gatesville, N. G.; DR.. }.
% Harrell. Whiteville, n. e.; John
raham, Ridgeway, N. Z.
9th CaroIina Reform Press Association.
flacers-,J. L. Ramsey, President; !;
,oTSo7, Butler, Vice President; w. ..
GT7sss, Secretary,
PAPERS.
nzressive Farmer, State Organ, Raleigh, \. G
a5cseIan' Raleigh, n. Z
Hickory, N. Z.
.S+fIe- WhitakeFs, n. e.
ur Home. SeaFSr JAIN ~ -
lie POpulist, LumOeTUon' y =
be Peoples Paper, CnarloIIs' y -
be eVestibule, COnGoru' y -
be PlOw-BOy. NaqesDoIO' y -
lslOW Blade, FeanuI' ~ C'
Each of the G6OUe-;1GnIed papers are
sQaested to keep the list standing on
ks first pGge and add Others, p1'OUtde9d
Isg are dulg elected. any paper tGGE-
70 10 GdUOcate the OcdIG platform tGEH
dropped from the list promptly. Oatr
oD!e can nOtC see tChGt papers are
5ESshed in their interest.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02
HOW TO DESTROY sAPsUCKERs
And Save Your Cherries, MuIberries and
-Other Fruit.

Correspondence of the Pfgg,- Ger.
The birds known as Seekers are,
great depradators on the above fruits.
One of our neigbb )rs, Mr.. Cornelius
Shields, has furnished me with very
simple plan for their destruction. He
says that some years ago he saw boy
standing beside a long slender pole, the
lower end of which was planted in the
ground, the upper end extended out Of
and suitable distance above the top
of a mulberry tree, being, believe,
properly secured to one of the branches
at a convenient point above.
Mr.. s. says that the boy occasionally
struck the pole with maui and then
stopped down and picked up something.
At length he concluded that he wou d
go down and see what he was doing,
when he found that he was killing sap
suckers The plan was this: When q
bird adhered to the side of pole (they
are not apt to light on branches like.
other BIRDS heavy blow from the
maui, delivered On the same side where
the bird w8s perched, generally brought
him down. o c7sionally while the boy
was delivering his blow the bird would
change his position, thus escaping in
jury. B 1T when the blow was delivered
at the proper point the spring of the.
pole against the bird never failed to.
bring him down.
Two boys, one stationed suitable
distance from the tree to indicate by
placing finger on pole the position
of the bird, could pr. baby work the.
above plan to better advantage.
RRYAy TYSON.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-07-02

The improved methods of feeding
sheep have made wonderful progress
with the improved breeds, and it is
along these lines of progress and i'm.
provement that our live stock industry
is being revived to prosperity. Feed
ing is g half science of itself.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1895-03-21
INFORMATION TO VOTERS.

The following instructions guidance
yoters voter polling place giving
and residence will receive
endorsed thereon the initials both ballot
can be used Upon receiving his ballot
booth or compartment and the ballot clerk
may inform the voter 70 the marking ballot he
must not advise or indicate
wishes either
cross mark y the made for that the right the
name OF the candidate that he desires
having other mark will be counted
such cross mark placed If per-
othe he desires printed
the candidates
the right OF it. Thebot should marked other If
the ballot spoiled
another its stead
minutes time IS allowed booth ballot Unofficial ballots
ndum to assist the his ballot be taken
booth and may be used The ballot must not be shown
that how marked After
marked. should be folded
the printed endorsements the ballot clerks outside
the inspector charge ballot him his ballot
placed in the box and the voting who declares
the presiding officer that unable that
steal disability he unable ballot of
election officers marking be chosen by the The
siding officer administer his discretion such
disability The title of the the candidates
ted for the office are given below and as follows