The Arizona sentinel., 1895-01-26

o the ella and Colorado rivers have fol the most
part a deep sedimentary soil OF brownish, gray
! sandy loan, resting, in most places, upon a gray
cla, subsoil at depth of from zen to twenty feet
below the surface, The clay subsoiI forms a hard
pan which is impervious to water These soils have
been slowly formed by the decomposition of shales,
sandstones, marls limestones etc, mixed with or
ganic and vegetable matter, washed down by the
mighty rivers and have been gradually deposited
during the course of centuries. The fertilizing
brownish mud held in the water of the Colorado
and ella rivers resembles that from the Nile, and
its quantity varies from OIL to O.5 per cent,
though the water when even considerably dscolor-
ed by mud is good to drink, resembling in this res
pect the Missouri river water. A chemical analysis
of the sediments of the Colorado and of the Nile
exhibits wonderful similarity in the constituent
parts Of each. That of the Colorado exhibiting a
trihe less potassa, most phosphoric acid and
bonade of limestone beds through which the Colo
RADIO passes. In other respects the sediment of the
Colorado is almost identical with that of the Nile
1t will be noticed therefore, that when this water is
used for irrigation il is superior TO artesan waters
since it is constantly supplying the land with the
richest fertilizng elements. The soil of the valleys
is extremely rich in dedomposed vegetable matter
and uncombined carbon, readily absorbing the
aerial gases such especially, oxygen, which en-
tering the soil, decomposes the organic matters
that they can be taken up and nourish the plants
which may be considered leading feature in its
fertility. 1t also readily takes up and retains
moisture, while the frnness of its particles affords
every facility for percolatiOn and the activity of
capillary action. In is mechanical composition its
particles are in a state of very fine division, which
renders it more productive than coarser soils 1t
acquires heat readily in the daytime and the loss
of the heat at night is very gradual, that it
mains always warm and is not subject to sudden
changes of heat and cold Besides its essential
stituents of water, organic or vegetable matter,
sand and clay, a chemical analysis shows that lime
soda, magnesia, iron, ammonia and available forms
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash enter into
composition in the proportions best adapted to
add to its fertility, though, of course is always
the in soil analysis its composition varies in
different localities and is not always constant.
The soil of the uplands, or mesas, is lighter and
more gravelly and in some places of free, loanly,
calcareous character. The mesa lands are warm and
generous. They seem especially adapted for the
grape, olive and citrus fruits generally Their soil
contains magnesia, lime chalk than the
bottom lands 1t never cracks and retains moisture
admirably in summer. It is of that character which
will produce wine that will keep good for fifty
hundred years, and improve annually, not being
liable to sour, exposure to the air, after one
year old, to become turbd and change color in the
bottle or glass.
We can safely say that the soil of Yuma Co unity
can nowhere be surpassed containing as it does all
the essential elements of richness and fertility.