The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-07-26
Written for the Cltizen.)

much importance to that country.
Prof Frazer, of Edinburgh, is reported
to have discovered such an antidote,
which he calls "antivenine, y after hav-
ing experimental for several years
with all the snake poison he could OBJ
tain from different parts of the world.
He first determined the minimum ia
tai quantity of venom for small ami
mails. Starting then with a harmless
dose and gradually increasing the
amount after intervals of about ten
days, he was finally able to admins
ter more than 80 times the ordinarily
fatal quantity without i'll effects, and
in one case an animal safely received
poison sufficient to kill 80 fresh ami
mails of equal size. In the next eXper-
iments fresh animals were inoculated,
without effect, with the blood serum of
these immunized animals. The blood
serum was then injected and followed
by venom, when the former prevented
ar dNtl'il vi thC lOlSVhf anu N'NH
when the venom was injected first and
symptoms of poisoning had appeared,
all harmful action was arrested by this
antidote. Having thus demonstrated
the efficacy of antivenine, Prof. Frazer
hopes to find its active principle, and
to prepare this chemically.
Hard STEEL states Dr. II. II. Thurs
ton, weighs 400 pounds per cubic foot,
and a rod one inch square sustains 49,
600 pounds; cast iron weighs 444
pounds, and supports 1880 pounds
per square inch; aud aluminium
weighs l6S pounds and has tenacity
/ % 900 pounds. Ordinary woods are
ten or twelve times as bulky as steel.
Weight for weight some woods are
stronger than steel, bar of pine just
as heavy as bar of steel one inch
square holding up $4,000 pounds, the
best ash 10000, and some hemlock
20O, 900 pounds.
1t has been pointed out that the
hairs of some caterpillars, prevalent at
this season of the year, may cause ser
ious inflammation Of the eye, and inn
pairmeut of the vision. They should
be removed from the eye at once if M
4 PRODUCED there.
/ The sun is our great source of power,
/ and when the coal mines-Our stock Of
/ stored sunbeams for past ages-shall be
/ exhausted, the direct solar rays should
ue made to furnish au abundance Of ell
ergy for ages to come. John Erics-
/ sou,n comments The EcctjcM Agc,
"invented machine with which he
believed we would be independent of
the coal supply and make direct use OF
/ the heat rays of the sun. 1t might
have been called sun steam engine
a steam engine heated 10y sunlight.
/ The vast tracts of the Sahara or the
/ deserts of Asia, can supply heat that
/ would generate millions of horse
! power in Ericssons solar engines. The
/ torrent of Niagara is not comparable to
/ the incalculabe waste If power on the
i scorching surface Of these plains. The
+ engineering schemes of to-day will fade
into lnsigniticance in comparison with
those that the fierce cry of future ne.
ccssity VIII force men to execute. 1t
would be curious sight to see a fully
equipped power-station situated in the
/ centre of dreary waste sending Its
] thread like lines across the desert Ia
/ heat and light some distant town, thus
/ guiding the warm sunlight that it may
! glow and glitter in the mosques and
minarets of the far East
The Colorado basin is one of the larg-
est in the United States, draining not
less than 225 600 square miles, yet, ac-
cordlng to paper prepared for the u.
;. Fish Commission by Messrs. Ever
mann and Rutter, it contains but 81
species of fishes, of Is genera. These
belong to the following five families:
Cdtost0nlid0e or suckers, species;
(Yprinjdde, or minnows, 10; Salmon
ioide, or trout and whitefish, 2; Poe
ctiiidde, or top minnows, ?, and Cot
dCide, or blobs, l. All but I of the spe-
cies are thus far known only from this
basin. In comparison, it Is stated that
50 different species are known from the
basin of the Rio Grande, 140 from that
of the Missouri and $50 from the
Wabash basin.
The trained dogs of the German
army seem to be valuable acquisition.
At recent exhibition i'm Dresden, the
animals carried dispatches from one
part OF the field to another, mile dis.
tant, III one or two minutes, transport
ed cartridges in pack-saddles to points
Of need, and assisted men who feigued
being wounded, some dogs signaling
the spots of the fallen by brd-barks
and others dragging the bodies to The
rear,
Leathes tires are being made for ar
my cycles in France, and are claimed
to he more easily repaired and lighter
than rubber tires.
In an interesting investigation by NJ.
de Montessus, a study has been made
of 34S regions, in which 300 earth
quakes and 5000 volcanic eruptions
are known to have occurred. From
this the conclusion is reached that vol
canic activity and earthquake frequen-
cy are independent. and that earth
quakes are probably due to the same
forces that have given the earth's crust
its present relief The unstable regions
follow the great lines of folding of the
earth's crust; and mountainous coun-
tries are more unstable than flat ones,
the most unstable parts of any single
mountain chain being where the slopes
are shortest and steepest. Coasts with
rapidly deepening sea are unstable, es-
pecially II at the foot of great noun
tain chain; while those with a slightly