davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
FARM MORTGAGES.
The First Adequate and Comprehensive
Report Ever Made ON the Subject.


We begin at last really to know some
thing about farm mortgages and the
burdening of American homes with
debt. Census bulletin No. % gives the
first adequate and comprehensive report
ever made on tho subject, and that TO.
port refutos statements that have been
made and accepted Hero are the facts
rs CLEANED from the bulletin alluded TO
by the New York World:
There are about 4, 100, 900 farm fam
lilies in tho country. Only about 900, 900
of them have any mortgages at all. And
these mortgages, as clearly appears,
represent for the most part energy and
thrift rather than impoverishment.
They are mortgages given for deferred
payments in purchasing land or for cap
ital borrowed to enlarge operations.
Less than per cent Of all the mortgages
represent borrowing for expenses or be-
cause of poverty. The rest represent
profitable business enterprise.
This mortgage Indebtedness lies al
most wholly north of the Potomac and
Ohio line. New York farms are mort
gagged for S13S, 900, 903. Those of Iowa
carry a burden Of little moro than
800, 900, 600; those of Illinois, trifle
less. In Pennsylvania and Kansas the
figures fall to about S73, 900, 900, in
Ohio to $40, 600, 600, in Michigan to
s64, 900, 600, in Wisconsin to $50, 000,-
900, in Missouri to S53, 900, coo, in Ne
braska to sl7, 600, 600, in California to
f46, 600, 600, in Indiana about the Same,
in Minnesota to $37, 600, 900, in New
Jersey to $50, 900, 600, South Dakota
SIS, 900, 600 and Vermont and Massa-
chusetts $11, 600, 900 each.
Among the southern states West Vir-
ginia heads the list with So, 900, 900
mortgage debt. Virginia, the two Caro-
linas and Louisiana owe between 49,
900, 600 and s., 600, 600 each, Mississippi
less than So, 900, 900, Arkansas about
So, 900, 600, Alabama and Georgia less
than So, 900, 900 and Florida less than
81, 900, 900.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
pallets or Hens.

"Puilcta excel for eggs, hens for any
thing else, says writer for Farm
Poultry, vino explains as follows Start
ing out in tho spring of the year, pull
lots ii tho average case lay many more
eggs than hens and are not so persist
ent in sitting III summon the balance
Is about oven, and in the fall the hen,
as a.rulc, lays the first part before she
molts, tho pullot the last part after
she molts it usually being tho case
that the puliot is tho first molter This
leaves tie chances in favor of the pullet
as "a winter layer
With tho spring hatched pullet a
great deal lies in the individual, for
some arc naturally moro enterprising
than others, and taken miscellaneously
they would not do "a Bit better during
the winter months than an equal mum
bcr Of carly molters at any age Hens
throw stronger and more vigorous chick
ems than pullots, are moro experienced
and less foolish. Hence a greater per
cent Of their eggs will be fertile. They
are better mothers and usually better
sitters. In word, pullets for layers.
old fowls for breeders.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
ROAD ECVEMENT IN TEXAS.
a system 81 Good roads to lie Perfected.
fouudn,iu For swamp Land.

AhNisttAs iRn ipi NNAhhp fanu.
Road Improvement IN Texas, as in
many Other states, Is gaining many
friends 1T a recent meeting Of the
Texas Road league large delegation
was present The cOnccnSus of opinion
was that Texas shoald perfect "a system
of good roads at tao least expense to the
citizens of tho state General Roy
Stone, Office of road inquiry, depart
ment Of agriculture, was present and
cited the state of NV Jersey rs an ex-
ample of the results of having good
roads. He said that this state extended
aid 10 the counties in their road build
ing, some 33 per cent, the county pay
ing tho remainder. Tho result, TO the
farmers living in the vicinity of the
macadamized roads were in marked CON
trast TO those on the old highways In
the case of the former they were almost
invariably prosperous, whilo the latter
were still struggling along to exc out
scanty living. Some of the farmers on
the now roads had been able TO pay off
81, 900 a year OH their farm mortgage
while in former years with the poor
roads they had not been able 10 pay
even tho interest. Another farmer told
General Stone that the saving in the re-
pairs on his harnesses and wagons on
account Of tho smooth surface of the new
roads had more than paid for the extra
taxes for the new roads, thus leaving
their use practically free to him.
Speaking Of the roads in Louisiana
and the conditions attending any at
tempt to improve them, General Stone
said that many systems had been tried
in road construction, but none was found
Oh trial TO be better than the macadam
method. He would advocate in the
state, especially when the route of the
road lay through "A swamp or marshy
land, that "a heavy corduroy" road be
laid as the foundation, and on top of
that "A thick coating of earth; then,
finally, macadamized surface laid on
top of that.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
Trees by the Roadslde.

The Massachusetts highway commits
sion is directed, when feasible, TO plant
trees along the ways. From crude esti-
mates the ultimate cost may bo 1000,
600. so 1t Is doubtful if it is advisable
to attempt such work during the ccm-
ing year 1t is question if it would
not be well to make largo part of the
paintings of American nut trcc--white
and black walnutS and hickories and
chestnuts. Although planting should be
begun in the spring of 1898, it will at
first be carried on slowly and i'll an ex-
perimcntal way
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

The Beautiful Models of Paris" in
the March Cosmopolitan, satisfy long
felt curiosity in regard to the women
who have been posing for the world s
famous paintings. The Cosmopolitan
has carefully gathered collection of
the most famous Of these portraits and
used them to illustrate an interesting
article 10y distinguished French critic,
FIR. Thiebault Sisson Nor does the
beauty of the originals fall short of the
ideal on the painters canyas. In the
same number is delightful article
about the famed sea-girt isle, for so
many centuries fortress and prison
Mont Saint Michel. arl-Diying
and Its Perils," by an English naval
officer, written from personal expert.
ences, is perhaps the most thrilling tale
Of exploration of the oceans depths
ever put on paper. The fiction of this
number is unusually entertaining.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

The Peerless Junior potato is cross
between tho Peerless and the Snowflake,
yielding like the old Peerless with the
fine quality Of the Snowflake.
Clover seed is becoming an export
product Of considerable Importance.
Vick's Abundance, Early Excelsior,
American Wonder, Carman Nos. l. 2
and 3, American Beauty. Maggie Muir
ply, Vick's Early Advancer, Harvest
Queen and Early Pride are novelties to
which the attention of potato growers is
called this season.
Special claims are made for the new
Waite Maine oat.
The new tomato, Liberty Bell. is de-
scribed rs tho earliest, most product
i've and smoothest tomato ever intro
duced "
The greatest profit from hogs comes
from crowding them from birth until
they are : months old--aftor this ago
profits decrease.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
A Good Grating Wax.

Here is Country Gentleman's recipe
for grating wax: Take pounds rosin,
? pounds tallow and pound beeswaX.
Put all into a kettle and melt slowly,
and when all are melted and well
mixed turn all into pail Of cool wa
ter. Then grease your hands we'll with
tallow or oil, and when tho wax is cool
enough TO handle work it and pull it
as you would molasses candy, and the
wax will be perfect Use pail of tepid
water TO carry the wax TO the field for
use. and the hands must DO kept creased
when using it. If it is to be used in
quite cool weather. it may contain a
little moro tallow
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

AIORTG AGE SALE:-Default having been
vi made in the conditions o. payment OF
certain mortgage made by George JOslin and
Celia Joslin, his wife. of the township of Sc-
Yile, Gratiot county. Michigan, 10 Thomas NJ.
Granger of Pine River township, county and
state aforesaid, which said mortgage bears
date the 18th day Of September, 1891. and was
duly recorded the 9TH day OF October, 1881, in
the office of the Register of Deeds In and for
Gratiot county, Michigan, in liber q, on page
4g3 of mortgages and said mortgage was duly
assigned by Thomas NJ. Granger 10 Helen v.
Woodward on the nth day OF December, 1891,
and was recorded on the 18th day OF December
in hbor 81 of mortgages and page 33I. And
said mortgage was duly assigned 10y Helen V.
Woodward 10 Cyrus ID. Wightman on the l4th
daV of January, 1892, and recorded IN the Reg
istor OF Deeds oiF ce on the 18TH day OF January,
1892 in liber 81 of mortgages on page $50 on
which said mortgage and the note aCcompan-
ing the same there is now due and pay able tho
sum of one hundred and twenty three dollars
and twenty four cents ($l23.2D and no suit or
proceedings at law or equity having been in
stituted 10 recover the amount secured by
said mortgage. Therefore public notice Is
hereby given that on the 9th day OF April,
1898, AT two O'Clock in the afternoon al the
front door of the Gratiot county court house
in the village of Ithaca, Gratiot county, Michi-
gan. that being the place of holding the cir
cult court in and for said county. said mort
gage will be foreclosed by sale of the prem
Uses therein and herein described at public
auction 10 the highest bidder, which said
premises are described as follows, VIZ: Tho
northeast quarter of the southeast quarter
of section twenty-one (2D in township eleven
Ol) north of range three CD west being IN
Gratiot county, Michigan.
Dated February LIST, 1894.
E. b. WIGHTMAN. CYRUS ID. WIGHTMAN,
Attorney for Mortgagee. 81 Mortgage.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
Cottonseed Meal Fertilizers.

Professor Voorhees, Of tho New Jersey
station writing to The Rural New York
er, says: Cottonseed meal at present
prices is one of the cheapest sources of
organic nitrogen at the farmers COM
mand. 1t is, too one of the best organic
forms, experiments having shown that
it is almost as readily available as when
contained in what are regarded as the
best materials furnishing organic nitro
gen. Cottonseed meal contains OH the
average
Per cent.
nitrogen .,........'.,...... ''''''''''.'.'''' %
Phosphoric ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 80
fotash ~
Designating tho phosphoric acid and
potash, the cost of nitrogen in cotton
seed meal at $50 per ton is - cents per
pound. The phosphoric acid is practical
ly all available while the potash is
quite as good as that contained III forms
free from chlorides. Placing a proper
value upon these constituents, tho cost
would be reduced, for nitrogen, to less
than 12 cents per pound. Its best uso as
a general fertilizer would probably DO
scOuItl NllCl lIlAttl Will plOSplihAto
and potash. As simple mixture for
potatoes would suggest the following:
Pounds.
COttOnseed mcal.,.....,....,.,....... l,UuO
South Carolina rock, supcrphosphatc. 60
Muriate OF potash. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ~
This would give mixture showing:
Per cent.
Nitrogen. ."..........,...,.,...... "a
PhosphOric acid. Observation-Disclosures. "a
IoVash. wa
This is a really high grade material,
both in quality and amount of plant
food and ono which would cost. at pre-
vailing prices for the superphosphate
and potash, not moro than from 1923 to
S24 per ton. Ii not more than 600
pounds per acre Of this mixture are
used, would recommend applying in
the drill. Where larger amounts are
used, part may be applied i'll the drill
and part broadcast.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
Good Road Pointers.

Do little to your roads each year,
but do that little well.
Ditching and draining TO dispose of
water, the persistent enemy of good
roads, ought to have careful and vigilant
attention
Road overseers who have charge Of
making our roads are too often inexperi-
onccd IL making plans or in directing
road construction and road repairs.
Trained roadbuilders, working from
definite plans, will eventually educate
tho farmers to be competent roadmak-
cr8
FOO mucl care cannot bu bestowed on
tie foundation Of roads
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
WRITE YOUR FRIENDS TO CONE
ON THE
EXCTRsInN TO MICHIGAN MY Z

CURSlON TO MICHIGAN MAY I.
To enable people in other states To visit
Michigan when the peach trees are In bloom,
arrangements have been made for the sale on
May 9Th, AT one fare for round-trlp of tickets
from nearly all points I'm Illinois. Indiana and
Ohio TO important points In Michigan on all
Inns. Tickets will be good TO return until
b ny 9th, aud stop OF will be allowed at any
point north of II Joseph and west OF Lansing,
On tick' g sold To stations on the C. W N. or
- l.. n y railways write your friends TO
take rdNHntagc OF this excursion to visit the
heet state iu the Union IL tn, y are thinking of
IN uVinr their locations. Perhaps they would
o.. Interested ln seeing the famous ir,it dis
tr.Ci of Wcsitrn Michigan turouyn which the
yet MichirHn Ky runs ncHiiy it's 'nttre
j. nglh litv leach tres sh,.,id tr Ia hlontn
az thHi iiur Gao EiihNEE
S9s-4w q. 4. A
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
MORTGAGE sALE:-nefnnlt has boon made

MORTGAGE SALE:-Default has been made
vi in the conditions of mortgage executed
by Charles II. Wagner and Emma g. Wagner
his wife 20 william II. Waldby, whereby the
power of sale IN said mortgage contained has
become operative. said mortgage bears date
April 22nd, 1898, and was recorded April end.
1888, in the Office of the Register OF Deeds for
the county of Gratot, and state of Michigan
in iber - of mortgages, on page 547. One an
nual installment of interest on said mortgage
is past due and yet remains unpaid. More
than thirty days have elapsed since said in
stallmen OF interest became due, and the said
mortgagee exercising his option in said mort
gage contained, hereby declares the principal
sum thereof, as well as all interest thereon,
now due and payable. The amount claimed as
due upon said mortgage at date hereof is the
sum of seven hundred and fourteen dollars
and eighty-One cents. No proceedings have
thereof either at law or in equity; notice is
hereby given that by yirture OF the power OF
sale in said mortgage contained, and Of the
statute in such case provided, .Ahe premises
described in said mortgage, tO-wIt: The mort h
half OF the south half of the northwest quarter
of section eleven, in township eleven north, of
range two west. situated in Gratiot county.
state of Michigan, will be sold at public vendue
10 the highest bidder, at the front door Of the
court house, in the village of Ithaca, state of
Michigan, on the twenty second day of June
1895. at one O'Clock in the afternoon, to satisfy
the sum due as aforesaid, together with the
interest then accrued and the legal costs and
charges of this foreclosure. including an at
torney fee OF twenty FIVE dollars as authorized
by law.
Dated March 20. 1895.
c. j. WILLETT S}s-l3 WILLIAM II. WALDBY
Attorney for Mortgegee. Mortgagee
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
Seed termination.

1t has been ascertained by an extend
ed series Of experiments that rye and
winter wheat will germinate in soil the
temperature Of which is as low as 30
degrees. Barley, oats, flax, clover and
peas will sprout ut 30 degrees. The tur.
nip is as cold blooded as the rye and
winter wheat but the carrot needs 3S
degrees and tho bean 40 degrees before
they will make the initial effort to send
the lifo shoot in search of air and light.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
Treatment orLarpe BowIders

Many large powders may he sunk by
digging beside and under them and let
ting them down. III good digging it is
cheaper than blasting and hauling away.
Granite and flint may be split by burn
ing the brush on it and throwing pail
Of water on tho rock while very hot.
Dynamite is a last resort, but safer than
powder, says The Farm Journal. a spe-
cialist should bc obtainable for handling
tho stuff and rending stones
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
For Iictter Roads.

Tho city fathers of Three Rivers,
One, have passed "a bylaw obliging
all cray teams so have tires 81 inches
wide, instead of the inches now in
use This bylaw viii como into force in
the spring of 1897 In the meantime
any carter conforming To this ralo will
have his carter y taX RENTED to him.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

Lysol has not received much atten.
tion as yet in this country, but it has
been in use in Europe for some years.
Surely it would be worth giving it a
trial at some Of the experiment sta
tions. This Is another substance pre-
pared from coal tar. American Garden
ing gives. as a formula for making this
now insccticide, -four ounces Of lysol
20 i20 ounces Of water "
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

" of the estate OF Joseph U. Gee, decreased.
We, the ndersigned having been appointed
by the Probate Court OF the county OF GTatiot.
state of Michigan, commissioners 10 receive.
examine ami adjust nl claims and demands Of
all persons against said deceased. do crcby
give notice thatwc will meet AT the law Office
Of John ID. Spinney, one Of the undersigned
com missoncrs, No. ,. Wright Block in the
village OF Alma, in said county, OH Friday, the
10th day OF May, a. d., 1895, and on Thursday
the LIST day of August A. D., 1895, at 100 clock
a. IN. of each OF said days for the purpose of
eXaming and allowing said claims and that six
months from the 3lst day of January A. d.,
1888, were allowed by said court for creditors
to presenttheir claims TO US for examination
and allowance.
Dated March 10Th, 1895.
JOIN ID. SPINNEY,
s31-Gw TOWNSEND A. Ely.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

DROBATE NOTICE-State of Michigan,
j County of Gratiot, Sc. Notice is hereby
given, that the final account of Henry Bassett,
the administrator OF the estate of Mercy A.
lngham, late of GratiOt county. Michigan, de-
ceased, will be allowed by me at the Probate
Office, in the Village OF Ithaca, in said county,
on Monday, the 18th day of April next. at ten
O'Clock a. IN. of said day.
Dated Ithaca, March is a. D. SO
JOHN VI. EvERDEN,
s31-4w Judge of Probate.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
s3T4w

DROBATE NOTICE state OF Michigan.
i County of Gratiot. SIS Notice is hereby
given. that the final account of John w Let's.
the administrator OF the estate OF William
Moore, late of Gratiot county, Michigan, de.
ceased, will be allowed by me ut the Probate
Once, in the village of Ithaca, in said county.
on Monday, the 18th day Of April next, at 10
o clocks III. of sand day.
Dated Ithaca, March IL, A D.. 1895.
JOHN NJ. EvFRDEE
s36-iw Judge of Probate.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
Fashions In Engagement Rings

For engagement rings the solitaire
diamond is almost invariably used
Some lovers prefer to use the birth
stones of fdncee garnets for January,
amethysts for February, bloodstone for
March, diamonds for April, emeralds
for May, agate for June, rubies for
July, sardonyx for August, sapphires
for September, opals for October, topaz
for November, turquoise for December
Where more than one stone is used the
stones are arranged in special design.
Another fashion. one borrowed from
the Germans, is to use plain band of
gold in which the initials and date of
the engagement are engraved, space
being left tor the date of the marriage,
at which time the newer date is added
and the ring used as the wedding ring.
April Ladies' Home Journal,
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
DROBATE ORDER

DROBATE ORDER:-State of Michigan,
i County of Gratiot, SIS. At session OF the
Probate Court for said county, held at the Pro-
bate Office in the village of Ithaca on the 18th
day of March in the year one thousand eight
hundred and ninety-hve. Present, John NJ.
Everden. Judge OF Probate. In the matter OF
the estate of Lcoh G. Wtham, Edith VI. Willard
and Hattie r. Willard, minors On reading and
filing the petition, duly verified, of RebeCca
Willard the guardian of said minors, praying
for reasons therein stated that she be licensed
to sell the real estate of said minors.
Thereupon II is ordered, that Monday, the
18th day OF April next at ten O'Clock lnthc
forenoon be assigned for the hearing OF said
petition, and that the heirs at-law OF said de-
ceased, and all other persons interested IN said
estate, are required TO appear AT session OF
said court, then to be holden IN the Probate
ONCE in the village of Ithaca and show cause,
If any there be, why the prayer of the petl-
toner should not be granted; and IL Is further
ordered. that said petitioner give notice TO the
persons interested in said estate, Of the pen
dency of said petition, and the hearing there
OF. by causing a copy Of this order TO be pub
lished in the ALMA RECORD newspaper
printed and circulated in said county three
successive weeks previous 10 said day of hear
ing.
"a true copy. john NJ. EvERDEH,
SEAL. S3G4w Judge of Probate.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29
Village Council.
ALMA. MICH. March % Il

ALMA, MICH, March 20, 1895.
Regular meeting of the village council of
the village of Alma at Council rooms on above
date.
Present;-President Ely and trustees Glass,
Baker, Montigel, Kelly and Gargett.
Absent:-Trustee Delavan.
The minutes of last meeting were read and
approved and upon motion the following
claims were allowed and clerk instructed TO
issue orders for same at footing.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

DROBATE NOTICE:-Statc of Michigan,
i County of Gratiot SIS. Notice is hereby
given. that the final account of John W. Let's,
the guardian of Rosa b Moore, ct al. minors
of Gratiot county Michigan. will be allowed
by me at the Probate ONCE. in the village of
Ithaca, in said county, on Monday. the 18th
day OF April next, at 10 O'Clock a. IN. of said
day.
Dated Ithaca, March Il, A. d. 1895.
JOHN NJ. EvERDEN,
S36-iw Judge OF Probate.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1895-03-29

ISSUE OTucIs lOT SAINT dt lOOllDR.
Trustee DelavaH appears.
f. Shipman, wrk at fire hall ............$ 20
walker, plank ...... ...........,.... &c 10
NJ y Dhllas, n o.. ....... .......... J 5U
+ X shipman, wrk on hydrant...... ..... %
Gratiot County Printing Co. printing Or
dinace No % ...................... q. AZ
Gratiot County Printing Co, rebate on
j ID Spinney, village attorney ......,...... - 30
The special committee appointed to settle
with Treasurer and Marshall reported thet
they found the accounts of the Treasurer and
Marshall correct.
Upon mot ion the aforesaid report was ac-
cepted and placed on file.
The following resolution was introduced,
passed and placed on file:
Resolved by the Common Council of the
village of Alma, that from and after this date
March &c 1885, Central standard Time will be
the recognized legal time of this body and
village and all meetings and business Will be
SO governed.
The president appointed the following
standing committees for the ensuing year:
Committee on Ways and Means, Delavan
and Glass.
Committee on Streets, Gargett and Montigcl.
Committee on Sewers Kelly and Montigel.
Committee on Claims, Baker and Glass.
Committee on Fire Dept, Montigel and
Kelly.
Committee on Health Glass and Deavan.
Committee on Printing, Delayan and Baker.
Committee on Contracts and Sa lariee, Baker
and Gargett.
on motion council adjourned.
t. A. ELY SETH A. TUBBs,
President. Clerk.