davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
ABOUT NORTHUMBERLAND.
Millions of Shells Are Needed Annually fo
the Manufacture of Buttons.

Millions of Shells Are Needed Annually for
the Manufacture of Buttons.
"They that go down to the sea in
ships to do business in great waters"
are more numerous that we land-lovers
imagine. If we pause for minute AMI
think of the countless pearl buttons
that are daily sold and utilized, all over
the world, we may then realize the
quantity of oyster shells required to
supply this demand.
The shells from which our pearl but
tons are obtained are quite large.
weighing about three-quarters of u
pound apiece. They are shipped to us
from Australia. The accompanying
sketch illustrates the manner in which a
shell is usually diagrammed before it is
sent to the factory. The long narrow
strip at the top forms one of the mother
of-pearl pen holders now SO popular for
holiday gifts. The straight strips are
generally made into handles of pocket
knives, but the curved piece in the up
per right hand corner is saved, either to
fitted into the handle of large carving
knife or to adorn pistol stock. The
large buttons are generally cut from
the center of the shell, while the small
er ones extend along the outer edge.
After the diagramming is finished,
the shell is sent to the factory to be cut,
filed, chiseled, grooved and polished,
and when this is finished the buttons
are carded and ready for market. The
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
SOME CAKE RECIPES.
All Had Been Tasted Before They We-;
Submitted TO the Editor.

All Had Been Tasted Before They Wa-e
Submitted TO the Editor.
In making layer cakes grease the
jelly tins and dust some flour over them
This prevents sticking.
Apple Fruit Calle.-One cup of sugar.
two cups of butter, two eggs, half Gu,
of sweet milk, one and one-half cups
of flour, one teaspoon of baking pow
der, two teaspoons of cinnamon, one
teaspoon of cloves. one cup OF dried APP
pies, which should soak over night
Chop fine and boil two hours in sugar
before using.
White Fruit Cake.-Two cups OF
sugar, two-thrds cup of butter. one
cup of sweet milk, three cups of flour,
two teaspoons of baking powder,
whites of four eggs, one cup of stoned
raisins.
Spice Cake.-One cup of sugar, half
soda dissolved in half a cupC Of sour milk,
one and half cups of flour, one teaspoon
and half cups of flour, one teaspoon
each of cinnamon. cloves and nutmeg.
Layer Cakc.-For cocoanut, choco-
late or jelly. one and half cups of
sugar, one cup of butter, whites of four
eggs, one-half cup of milk or water,
two teaspoons of baking powder. A
nice icing for filling is made of the
whites of two eggs and two-thirds of a
cup of pulverized sugar, beat well to-
gether and flavor with one-half tea
spoon of lemon.
Tea Cake.-One-half cup of butter,
one cup of sugar, one-half cup of sweet
milk, one teaspoon of baking powder,
two cups of flour; flavor with peach.
To be eaten warm.
Sponge Cale.-Two cups of sugar,
two cups of flour, eight eggs, one tea
spoon of lemon. Beat well together
and bake in dripping pan.
Chocolate Marble Cake.-Two cups of
sugar, one cup of butter, one cup of
milk. six eggs, three cups of flour, one
teaspoon of baking powder, one tea
spoon Of vanilla. Take one-third of
this mixture and add one-half layer of
chocolate grated. Put thin layer of
the white in the pan, then alternate
spoonfuls of the light and dark mix
ture; finish with a layer of white.-M
l.. Lyon, in Housekeeper.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

and it has charged that in the regular
session of 1894 and during the memo
rable tariff debate of that year, he de-
vised the expedient of the Democratic
caucus TO the existence of which the
downfall of the Wilson bill is credited.
AS regards the first of these charges
Senator Butler, in his speech in Eas-
ton, Mary land, last Saturday, positive
ly asserted that, within his Immediate
knowledge. Mr.. German had done
nothing to retard, but on the contrary,
everything to expedite the repeal. He
testifies that Mr.. German repeatedly
and earnestly appealed to him TO per-
NIT vote to be taken, and he adds,
that he with like persistency, had re-
fused 10 do SO. OF the events connect
ed with the tariff debate and the re-
sponshility for the caucus to which
such dreadful consequences are ascrib-
ed, Mr.. Butler said:
Il am responsible for that caucus.
| suggested II To him as Chairman of
the Caucus Committee, because |
thought that we ought not to go into
the fight with divided forces. Mr..
German is charged with delaying the
bill. As matter of fact he was not
luCllueu W llsleu ~ NY Suggestion he-
cause he feared it would provoke delay
1t was not until ten Senators had an
informal talk in my committee room,
and decided upon call to which we
secured twenty-three names, that he
would call the caucus. In the long
fight on the tariff bill, in which the
Republicans brought into use every
method of parliamentary delay, Mr..
German was active and earnest in
Fastening its final passage"
Thus, one by one, the props upon
which the Baltimore San has built the
structure of its treachery are being
snatched from under it. Whom shall
we believe as to the Presidents attitude
and wishes IN connection with the
pending campaign in Maryland-Sena-
tor Gray or the Baltimore Sun? Whom
shall We believe as to the facts of the
Sherman act repeal aud the tariff leg
islation of lSa4-Senator Butler or the
Baltimore Sun? TO what source shall
we apply for the truth regarding Sena-
tor Gorman's good faith and honorable
public service-to these two Senators
of exalted position and stainless char
acter, or to a disappointed, reckless,
and embttered newspaper?
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

modest woman will dress modestly
everywhere and at all times. If by
chance modest woman gets on an i'm.
modest dress and finds it out she'll take
it off. A well-dressed woman is never
conspicuous, and will be well dressed
and never conspicuous on a wheel az
well as on the street. When all the bad.
ly-appearing women in boomers find
out people of good taste regard bloom
ers as not In good taste they will take
them off. l regard the matter purely
an esthetic one, and matter of taste
and not of morals. 1t is the same in
other details of dress. Once convince
the woman who who wears white shoes
on State street that she is guilty of bad
taste for good and sufficient reasons
and she won't walk again in white
shoes. don't believe In ridiculing the
bloomer girl or in calling her immodest
or immoral. ! like all girls and want
to see them happy, healthy, joyous and
good to look upon. They can't be in
boomers. want to see them take them
off,"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

polishing Of the expensive buttons is
all done by hand on rapidly revolving
wheels of heavy flannel covered will,
jewelers. rouge.
Even the scraps and clippings of the
mother-of-pearl are not wasted. A
large button factory recently received
an order for quantity of small pieces of
pearl to form the mosaic of large altar
that was being made for one of our city
churches.
Tiny pearls are often found in these
shells, and are occasionally cut to pieces
by the machinery, but the real pearl
shells do not come from Australia, and
pearl large enough to be of any value
is rarely if ever found in the shells of u
button factory.
The largest pearl in the world is in
the possession of the queen regent of
Spain. 1t was found by little colore,l
boy in an oyster shell so small that he
was tempted to throw it away un-
opened. = Edith Chester, In Country
Gentleman.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
Two Charges Against Mr.. German.
Washington Post.

Washington Post.
OF the reckless and unfounded al
legations with which the Baltimore
Sun attempts to justify its antagonism
of the Democratic ticket in Maryland,
one-perhaps the most effective one of
all-has been definitely disposed of by
the Senator from Delaware. When
Hon. George Gray, the Presidents per-
sonal friend and his recognized spokes-
man in Congress, appeared at Baltimore
and addressed great Democratic as
semblage, urging his hearers to stand
by the party and assuring them that
Mr.. Cleveland desired the success of
the party ticket, he effectually discred-
tied the Baltimore Suns persistent as
sertion that the Presinedt is anxious to
have Mr.. German rebuked even at the
cost of Democratic overthrow.
Now comes Ex-senator Butler, of
South Carolina, another tried and true
democrat, an honorable gentleman
whose word may be accepted by other
gentlemen without fear or reservation,
and bears witness TO the mendacity Of
two more of the charges with which
the Sun has sought to disparage Mr..
German with the Democrats of Mary
land. the Sun has charged that dur
Ing the extra session of Congress In
1893. that Mr.. German used all the re-
sources OF bis strength and energy to
defeat the repeal Of the Sherman act,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

Southern brethren, and what the con-
dition of the country would be should
that unholy bill pass the House, he
once more exhibited greatness in
the presence of his calling as a legisla-
tor in the councils of the nation. He
has contributed TO national politics that
wisdom that will link his name with
Maryland's prOudest sous. In the for
nation of the tariff bill, when ii passed
the hand of the gifted Wilson, and
during It's long continuance alter II had
reached the Senate, there was hardly "A
day when cheering ray of hope
CHANGED for "A moment 10 illuminate
the drear outlook for speedy reallZa-
ton for any bill that would he favOra-
bile To all sections Of the country. The
lordly spirit of monopoly instantly
arose and rendered every effort 10 pro-
long the completeness of the bill, and
for this Senator German has been I'M
Justly criticised, aud every man that
reads and thinks knows that whatever
alteration and addition were made 20
II after it reached the Senate, knows
that as the bill left the House il would
not have brought a sufficient revenue
to meet the expenses OF the govern
ment. therefore in its final construc-
ton il has proven To be the brightest
gem that shines and the best law the
people ever had. Democrats from ev-
cry section of the State vote the ticket,
from the principle OF right and justice,
and when the ballot is counted on the
5th of November, and the electric wire
is charged, the joy will he beyond de-
scription, every village will blaze with
the embems ef eXultation and delight,
aud from the centre to the circumfer-
ence of Mary Wand, the shout of victory
will be heard.
HENRY y. ETCHISoN.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
A Rousing Welcome to Senator
German

Senator German was accorded one
of the most flattering receptions ever
given him, at Centreville, Md,
on Wednesday last, when thousands
of Democrats assembled and cheered,
hurrahed and crowded around the
Senator, and the speaking which was
to have taken placein the Court House
was, perforce, carried out in the open
air. The crowd attempted to get in
the building, but the space would not
have accommodated halt the number.
Senator German made a fine speech
and its effect was instantaneous. He
abjured every Dnmocrat TO be true TO
his party and spoke of the issues in
volved. The greatest enthusiasm pre-
vailed, and every indication points to
an increased Democratic majority in
that section. The tidal wave has
turned and will sweep back to crush
and rebuke malcontents and party
traitors.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
CONSIDERS THEM UGLY.
Miss Ada Sweets Opinion of BloomsrA
and BIoomer Girls.

Miss Ada Sweets Opinion of Bloomsrs
and BIoomer Girls.
"Bloomers are SO ugly and unbecom-
ing" said Miss Ada c. Sweet, ex- United
States pension agent at Chicago and
one of the leading spirits in all move
ments for the advancement of women,
to Chicago Tribune reporter, "that I
am sure in a short time women will
cease to wear them; thus the bloomer
question will settle itself. Neither
boomers nor knickerbockers for me,
and l think the latter are as unbecom-
ing to men as to women. The most
sensible costume to my mind is mod
erately short skirt worn over knicker-
bockers and comfortable waist and
hat. Everyone should suit themselves
as to the length of their skirts. Any
immodesty may be prevented by the use
Of CATERS. If the skirt Is short, long
CATERS should be worn; If it is good
length, shorter ones will suffice. At
all events boomers are unmitigatedly
ugly. 1 never saw woman yet they
were becoming to. Then these baggy
sleeves one sees are as unbecoming as
the baggy trousers. A reasonably full
sleeve looks well, but the loose, foppy
sleeves added to the bloomer costume
make perfect spectacle of the woman
wearing them" Miss Sweet laughed
heartily when asked if she thought the
morality of the community was affected
by the bloomer costume.
Certainly not" said she, and then
she added: at don't affect mine.'
mo, but how about the people wear
ing the boomers ?" was the next ques-
ton.
II am sure it doesn't affect theirs
either. l don't see how anyone's dress
could affect their moral character.
Dress is the index of character; in fact,
an outgrowth of the character, but
dress does mot affect character. A
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
A Novelty In Portieres,

Old red jeans makes charming cur
tains for the dining-room-effective
and very inexpensive. Buy a few
yards of black velveteen, have this
stamped in large, conventional designs.
cut them out and applique them neatly
on to the jean by means of strong glue
which comes expressly for fancy work.
Outline these "brocades" with some
narrow gold cord and you will have n
strikingly handsome material for your
portieres, material which might easily
pass for being worth SO or "a yard. A
border of the velveteen across the ton
will add to its appearance. Detroit
Free Press.
The Art OF Pouring Tea.
Few hostesses understand the art ~
pouring tea and coffee, simple as Il nm.
pears. AS a rule the guest of honor Is
offered the first cup, which is the weal-
est, and the children, II served nj ali
are given the last and strongest. When
II Is desirable to have all the cups OF uni
form strength one should pour a little
into each and then begin over again
reversing the order. In England this
10 SO well understood that a pourer ~
Yea or coffee does not begin to replen-
isn the cups till are before her.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

Because Lit relieves business mon
sons possessing property S Sou
necessity of saying mo- Ou
lit enables heirs and next sh,-
become trustees executOs |,
administrators.
Sit relieves persons Required IN ]
bonds rom mourning obio.n
by asking friends TO berna.
curity for them, and which II
would feel bound to recir..
when the opportunity cams
Alt presents undue influeps
employees.
bit o insures supervision over
Sit guarantees prompt pamsnl
losses.
lit affords persons OF no prUuerI
friends of financial siapdnyI
obtain positions of trust and n
lument.
s.-When once adopted 1t Ia ud
abandoned.
cit has for its directors some N
best known and most substsn|
men ofthe State, and for sOH1
the following gentlemen:
Lloyd l.. jackson, Pres; w. Crawford mi
Edwin Warfield, Vice-Presidents Hen]
p. Bosler, Secretary and Treasurer; William
Hammond, General Counsel N. Wind
Williams Assistant Counsel
Ifyou have bond ofany description to !
call at my office and get rates before pou7
friends WI might for reasons best Know
themselves We compelled to say "No.n
w. IRVING PARSONS,
Real Estate & Loan Agent
Mutual Insurance Buildi.'
FIR derrick /
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

What b e that h black, white anf
~ (rsa6l 81 eswS TIM CrxxEm.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
WESTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD

Taking effect Sunday, November 9th, 1893
Leave Hillen Station as follows:
DAILY.
40 A. M.-Fast Mail for Shenandoah Vale,
and Southern and Southwestern points
also Glyndon, Westminster, New Wind
Ridge, Highfefd, Hagerstown, ana ex
cept Sunday, Chambersburg, Waynes
boro', points on B. and c. v. K. r., Mar
unspurg' w. Va, and Winchester. Va.
DAILY EXCEPT SUNDAY.
7.l6 A .M.1Accommodation for Gettysburg
and all points on b. and H. Div. and
Main Line east of Emory Grove, Mi.
M HOLY Springs and Carlisle.
s.oo A. M.1Mail for Williamsport, Hagers
wn, shippensburg and points on Main
me and B. and G. v. X. r., also Fred.
erick ann Emmitsburg.
u.OO A Accommodation for, Union Bridge
gettysburg Mt. Holly Springs and Car:
1900 A. M.-Accommodatio for Arlington.
70 r. ACCOMMODATION for Emory Grove
$50 an, M.CdExpress for Arlington, Towards
points on b. and H. Division
400 P: M.-Express for Arlington Mt. Hope
r! likes Msi,s Green Spring Jrnction, 0w
Falls, Finksburg, Patapsco, Carroliton,
Westminster, Avondale, Mecford, New
windsor and Main Line Stations West;
Shenandoah Valley h. r. and points
South.
Ills P. M.-Accommodation for Emory Grove
10 T. M.-Accommodation for Union Bridge
LBS p. M.-Accommodatio for Emory Grove.
SUNDAYS ONLY.
Accoinmodation.-8.30 A M. for Union Bridge
and Hanover.
2S0 7. M.-Accommodatio for Union Bridge.
200 z. M.-Accommodatio for Emory Grove.
l0.Oo +. M.-Accommodation for Emory Grove
TRAINS ARRIVE AT HILLEN,
Daily-6.2S p. M.-Daily Except Sunday 8.6D.
7;N S.42, lilo A. M. l212, $40, $40, 5.S, 7.O0
Sundays only-s.O7, 1920 A. M. and,s.l is and s.lO
Pm. '-'
Ticket and Baggage Office EOS East Baltimor.
street.
All trains stop at Union Station, Pennsylyani.
Avenue and Fulton Stations,
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD FREnEL
lex DIVISION
SCHEDULE IN EFFECT MAY 20. 1895.
IF" Stops only on notice to conductor O,
agent, or on signal.
For PHILADELPHIA AND THE EAST
-wEEK DAYs-
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
Arrival and D parture Of Trains.
BALTIMORE & OHIO


MG;;MZNN 18th, 1895.
ESV @YMN&eEXEN LEAVE FREDERICK
WNEMiIi,f smSfN 5:45 A. M, daily, for Bal
W<Sllltll llil1N timore, Philadelphia,
&kSm1Ay% New York, Harrison
SAAk burg, Vino lester,
Cumberland and way stations, and except
Sunday for Lexington, Hagerstown and
way stations.
500 A. NJ, daily, for Washington and wa, sta.
tions, Philadelphia and New York.
sos A. NJ, except Sunday, for Baltimore snc
New York.
Philadelphia New York, Keyser, Lexing.
ton, Hagerstown and way stations, Chicago
and Pittsburg.
las P. NJ, except Sunday, for Baltimore and
ESQ 7. NJ, except sunday, for Harpers Ferry,
Martinsburg, Cumberland, Cincinnati and
St: Louis, Washington Philadelphia and
400 p NJ, Sunday only, for Washington and
way stations, st. Louis. Chicago and the
tions, Philadelphia and New York
so r. M, except Sunday, for Washington, Ha-
gerstown, Winchester and way stations,
Pittsburg. Chicago, Philadelphia and New
York.
ARRIVE AT FREDERICK
$50 A. NJ, except Sunday, from Baltimorea and
way stations.
1886 A. M, except Sunday, from Winchester
Hagerstown, Martins burg, Pittsburg, st.
Louis Cincinnati and Chicago
ll:25 a. M, except Sunday, from Baltimore,
way stations, New York and Philadelphia
ll:3O a. NJ, Sunday only, from Washington
and way stations, st. Louis, Chicago and the
West
1l:55 A. M, Sunday, from Washington, and
way stations, ST. Louis and Chicago.
1920 p. NJ, Sunday only, from Baltimore and
way stations.
2.2o P: NJ, except Sunday, from New York,
philadelphia, Washington, Hager> town,
Lexington and way stations
S:45 Z: M, Sunday only, from Washington
and Way stations.
1855 T: M, except Sunday, from Baltimore
and way stations
6:45 p: M, except Sunday, from Washington
ana way stations, Philac elphia and New
York, Pittsburg and Chicago.
500 +: NJ, except Sunday, from Baltimore,
and way stations, Philadelphia and New
York
$40 r. NJ, daily, from Baltimore and way
stations.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
EIDELITY AND DEPOSIT CoMp,r,
l. MARYLAND AM

Becomes Security on FIDELITY ans -.
CiAL Bonds-Corporation SeourItSv sIu
best.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
SCHEDULE IN EFFECT MAY a. lsa5

PENNSYLVANIA FREpEI
lex DIVISION.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

If" Stops only on notice to conductor o.
agent, or on signal. VI
FOR PHILADELPHIA AND THE EAST.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-05-21

Selected stocks of the above good
sale in this market. Parties in wal
use. as well as dealers, are invited
anime before purchasing, as we can
interest in quanty as well as price
largest stock in the city.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-05-21

nave reasonable construction. In
1inbons vs.. Ogden, MIR. CHIEF Justice
marshall with his usual felicity said:
As men, whose Intentions require no
conceaiment, generally employ the
words which most directly and aptiy
express the ideas they intend to con-
vey, the enlightened patriots who
lraneu our constitution and the people
VINO adopted IL mus be understood to
nave employed words In their natural
sense and TO have Intended what they
have said"
We know OF no reason for holding
otherwise than that the words direct
taxes on the one hand, and duties,
inposts and excuses" on the other were
used IN the constitution In their natural
ana obvious sense, nor in arriving at
what those terms embrace; nor do we
perceive any ground for eniarging
them beyond. OF narrowing them with
IN, TIER natural and obvious import at
the time the constitution was framed
ana ratified. And, passing from the
text, We regard the conclusion reached
as inevitable when the circumstances
which surrounded the convention and
tnose VINO framed and those who
adopted the constitution are consld-
cred.
We do not care to retravel ground
already tiaversed, but some obserya-
lions may be added.
In the light of the struggle In the
convention as to whether the new ma
ton should be empowered to levy
taxes directly ON the Individual until
after the states had failed to respond
to requisltions, struggle which did
not terminate until the amendment to
that effect proposed by Massachusetts
and concurred in by South Carolina,
New Hampshire, New York and Rhode
Island, had been rejected, IL would
seem beyond reasonable question that
direct taxation, taking the place as It
ala or acquisitions, was purposely re-
strained to appJrtionment according to
representation in order that the former
system as to ratio might be retained,
while the mode of collection was
changed.
This is forcibly illustrated by n letter
or Mr. Madison on January 29 1883,
recently published, written after the
ratification Of the constitution. but
before the organization OF the govern
ment, before the submission OF the
proposed amendment to congress, which.
while opposing the amendment as cnl-
oulated to impair the power, only to be
exercised In extraordinary emergen-
oies' assigns adequate grounds for its
rejection as substantially unnecessary
SINCE ne says: EVERY state which
chooses to pay its own quota may al
ways prevent federal collection by
keeping little before hand in its
finances and making its payment at
once into the federal treasury"
The chief justice next discusses the
reasons for the constitutional provis-
Ions regarding direct taxation. "The
states had plenary powers of taxation"
he said, but gave up the great sources
of revenue derived from commerce and
retained the power of levying taxes and
duties covering other than excuses, but
In respect to them the range OF taxa
ton was narrowed by the power grant
ed to the federal government over inter-
state commerce. While they granted
the power of apportloning direct taxa
ton they secured to the states the OPP
ton TO pay the amount apportioned and
to recoup from their own citizens in the