davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
RAISING LIMA BEANS.
profitable Crop aud an Ornament
the Farm Garden

Profitable Crop aud an Ornament to
the Farm Garden.
This delicious and wholesome bean
is one of the pleasures and profits of
the garden. Any good garden soil will
grow them, ara the varieties are multi
plying When select my seed for the
next season always do it when pick
ing the green crop. Whenever find
an early, wellformed and well-flleI
pod mark it by tying a string loosely
around its stem and let it hang for
ripening.
| always plant in rows three feet
apart, and for my family of seven
plant rows 20 feet long or 4 rows ten
feet long. This gives us an abundance
OF green picking and quite number of
messes of the dry beans. make the
ground nice. fine and smooth Then |
draw line and stick the bean edge
wise eye down, 4 inches apart in the
row, with my thumb and forefnger.
and then sift along the row some finely
pulverized stable manure When the
beans are up sufficiently high Guilt
vate carefully until they start their
runners, then 90 to the lumber ward
and get three light posts 2x2 and two
strips of inch plank inches wide. If
my rows are 20 feet long, put one post
equldlstant between the rows at each
end, and one in the middle. Then
put the strips of board edgewise on
these posts as high up on them as can
conveniently reach. These strips form
ridge pole above and between the
rows | then split some short stakes
about Is inches long out of piece of
board or straight splitting stove wood,
and drive them directly in the rows of
beans in a slanting position about 3
feet apart in the rows Then using
ordinary wool Irvine | run a string
along these stakes, looping it on them
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

alright, and can be made to hold
larger quantity where more cows are
kept, but should be about three times
the height of The diameter. with the
case between the curb floor and the
space roller to allow the can to pass
freely through. The sketch is SO sim
pie 1T seems unnecessary to explain its
construction. One point to be kept in
mind is to see that the cans are not
set too deep in rainy weather, as the
water may rise and overturn the milk
Snaps are used on the ends of the rope
to attach the can, as seen in Fig. /
The cover of the case is so made that
when closed it slants back to shed
rain. The front piece lSee Fig. y is de-
tachable and sets in so that when
closed it can be locked with paddock.
All who have seen it think highly of
it. as it is a creamery without the use
OF ice. which is expensive to have and
a great deal OF work To use. On one
occasion in market met man who
has used a creamery for many years,
and who thought it would pay him to
dig well purposelv instead of using
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
ROAD e ..:gE :
e'S2 ses = r s5$s
IMPROVEMENT.
FxCElLENT EXAMPLE.

=. - mnneachusetts Has Demonstrated
M Value of Good Roads.
~ Iuouetus to the movement in favor
"a o6od country roads is likely to be
-.s-.e< bv the second annual report of
r. Massachusetts highway commits
-Ion. which has recently made its APP
...orHnce. Massachusetts was one of
<H1 fIrsf states to appreciate the i'm
..6.fsnce of good country roads and
<o< 81 the first to take practical steps
&, secure them. Last year the legis-
I.t1re Of that state passed a law by
..6=eh the local authorities in any sec
4,o1 nav have any road in the state
4oelared Il state road and have ex-
r<ndedupon it portion of the state
.roronriation for road improvements
.11er the supervision of the state
1;1hwav commission. All that is nee
..zsr1 Is for the selectmen of towns or
<he 0avors or aldermen of cities to pc
1IfI6u for the acceptance of road as a
slafs highway, and if it can in any
se1s5 be considered leading road
eoct acceptance is sure to follow
IA connection with the passage of
This 1aw $500, 900 was appropriated and
u|66ed at the disposal of the commiss-
zion to make provision for such inn
or6<ernents as it might deem advisable
Iha 1arger portion of this money was
divided up among fourteen counties,
HE appropriation for each running
zrom Sic, 900 to $4,000. Thirty pieces
& r6ad were selected throughout of
/16 4arious sections on which these
15nxopriations should be expended.
Io i've all parts of the state fair
S1oW in the expenditure of this road
u0oey it was decided that no city or
town. should have more than two miles
s. is state roads improved by means
o. ate grant. Care was taken that
al fhe improvements ordered should
III a a connected character and that
t1t loads on which they were made
LOUD lie between important centers
81 population. The accomplishment
81 he work ordered by the commission
haswrought tremendous change in
pnblic opinion on the necessity for
coed roads. 1t has given the people an
1pportunity Of seeing what they have
Iost through the prevalence of bad
roads,
Rrior to the beginning of the COM
uission's work an amazing amount of
<pathy existed among the country peo-
pie. The leveling up of the ruts in the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

If the orchard is worth preserving
land caring for, it should not be kept
in grass but cultivated frequently, up
to about the middle of August. Grim
son clover might then be sown; if it
does well, some pasture would be Sc
cured in late fall and early spring.
Replow another year and continue the
cultivation as in the first year. If
|crimson clover does not succeed in
your land and loca lily, rye might be
|sown in order to keep the ground well
furnished with humus and preserve its
power of retaining moisture in dry
weather. But if conditions are such
that it seems advisable to seed it down,
then sow four to five quarts OF timo-
thy, two of red clover and one of alsike
per acre. In addition to this it might
be we'll to add about two pounds
of orchard and tall meadow fescue If
good seed can be produced. If the
land is not run together and is friable
on the surface, it need not be plowed.
Cultivate, harrow and sow the seed as
early as possible and roll.-Country
Gent1eman
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
THE CITIZEN FREDERICK MD, FRIDAY MORNING JUNE T. 1895

nitrogen, which is absolutely demand.
cd IN forming the new quilts and new
feathers. Therefore, in moulting tb;s
nitrogen, when fresh bones are fed i
lrawn from the food given to the fowl
instead OF being drawn from the ra-
serve force of the fowl. which takes
her strength. stops her from LAYING and
makes her prone to disease. We are
sure that the practical and economical
Tar mer or pouitryman of to-day who
looks well at cost will utilize a mate
RAJ Tor poultry which brings in the
snd the greatest profit We have used
the granulated bone and paid a good
price for it, but by using a bone-cutter
we got meat. gristle, oil. fat. fine bone
ana graduated bone. all in one opera
ton. The sharp, hard pieces of bone
act as grit; the fine bone helps to
make the shell, and the other half or
two-thlrds of ordinary market bones is
rich, nourishing food, forming the
feathers and flesh of the fowl and the
interior OF the eggs in abundance. We
advise all of our readers to look care
tully into these new methods Of feed
ing as they come up, and understand
'hem for themselves.-P Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
THE NEW YORK BILL.
A Road Law Calculated to Overcome the
Prejudice of Taxpayers.

A good roads bill introduced in the
New York legislature is skillfully
drawn so as to overcome in large
measure the prejudice of local tax
payers against road building. 1t pro-
vides that the expense of road improve
ment be borne one-half by the state,
one-fourth by the county and one
fourth by the towns along the line of
the roads that are constructed. The
board of railway commissioners is put
in charge of the road building, a road
engineer being attached to their serv-
ice. 1t is made the duty of the board
to hold public meetings in different
parts of the state in order to promote
public sentiment in favor better roads
Roads are to be improved on petition
of two-thirds of the owners of land
along which they pass, if the people in
the towns through which such roads
run favor the Improvement. In order
to start the work the bill contains an
appropriation of S250,000.
The system as proposed would seem
to be likely to promote road building.
If good roads are worth having it is
surely wise expenditure of money ON
the part of the state to encourage their
construction. 1t can well afford To-
invest a considerable sum each year
in this manner, lnsomueh as it
seems the only way of getting the
movement for better roads started, the
New York plan to have the local tax
payer relieved from direct payments is
highly practical one. by making
the construction of improved roads de
pendent on the expressed wishes of
property owners proper limitation is
set upon the amount of road building,
while at the same time it is likely to
cause competition among different
communities to get the start of each
other in this respect-Good Roads.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

loads with pillow or shovel once year
Eas all they deemed necessary, and
Any greater expenditure of money or
b Dor than was required to do this they
considered wasted. All the improve
hents made under the supervision of
the commission were done by experts
IN road building. Competent engineers
<were employed to see that the work
was done thoroughly. AS matter of
.fact, it has been so well done as to
arouse the enthusiasm of the people of
the state in favor of good roads. The
apathy has all disappeared, and instead
of waiting for the next session of the
legislature to vote another appropria-
tion to continue the good work the
town and county authorities are now
voting large grants to carry on the i'm
provements on their own account
They have purchased the necessary
machinery for road building, and the
work is to be pushed without delay
until every corner of the state is fur
finished with good roads. The example
of Massachusetts is worth following by
Illinois and other states.-Chicago
Evening Post.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
? "A
M- = g. --~-'"ao
HOMEMADE BROoDER.

descriptions a, brooder pipe and lamp; b,
pipes as in incubator; d, brooder table; l. board
running up to brooder.1
every inches. The box will then be
surrounded with pieces of cloth inches
square. Put a block 4 inches square
under each corner OF this box and the
chicks will get in under easily by push
ing between the inch strips of cloth.
Fix one tin pipe, to heat the brooder,
and one lamp will keep the brooder
warm. Place a 4-inch escape pipe in
every corner of the brooder to draw
heat over the surface of the zinc
evenly. AS lamp cannot be connected
in the pipe if the brooder is on the
floor, make table 4 little larger than
the brooder with legs or inches
high. A board from brooder to the
floor will soon be used by the chicks.
Do not set boards around the brooder
to keep the chicks in. for they will
crowd up in the corners and kill many
As the chicks grow put higher blocks
under the brooder so they can get I'M
der but not high enough so they can
get on top of each other. The floor of
the brooder may be covered with saw
dust.-C. W. Mcqueen, in Farm and
Home
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

Carefully studied experiments in
feeding dairy cattle show that the kind
of food the cows consume has a pro-
nounced effect on the hardness of the
butter. SO far as the experiments have
gone it appears ~ That gluten meal
tends to produce a much softer quality
of butter than cornmeal or cottonseed
meal, and, other things being equal.
tends to lessen the churnability of the
butter fat. GU That silage produces a
much softer butter than does good hay,
but tits also favorable to the flavor and
texture of the butter product (3J
That cottonseed meal tends to produce
an unusually hard quality of butter.
and that cottonseed meal and gluten
meal might be used together with ex.
cellent results. Farmers Review.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
BEES AND BEEHlvES.
Queens Can Now BE Sent All Over the
Country by Mail.

Country by Mail.
The beehive everywhere represented
as the emblem of industry, as for in
stance in pictures on the covers of
savings bank books, is the old-fash-
Toned round, sugar-loaf structure made
of twisted straw; but as a matter of
fact there are very few such hives now
i'll use except in Germany and Austria,
and even there the modern hive is talk
ing their places. The modern hive is
made of boards, and is square with
some notifications in shape and style;
it is not nearly SO picturesque as the
oldfashioned hive.
A gentleman farmer in New Jersey
desiring to get two of the ld-fashioned
hives to set up on his place commits
stoned New York dealer in bee
keepers supplies to buy them. The
dealer communicated with many bee
farmers in his search, and finally found
one hive on Long Island. The gentle
man had meanwhile found one himself,
so that he had his desire.
Dealers in beekeepers' supplies sell
everything required, including bees in
the season. One can buy colony of
bees or any number of bees, just as he
can dry goods or shoes. Queen bees
are sent from here all over the country
They are shipped by mail in little
boxes called queen cages. There is in
each cage space for the queen bee and
for a number of worker bees. In one
of the cage is placed a sufficient store
of candy for food to last the bees on
their journey. Queen bees are fire.
quently sent from here to Australia in
this manner, and so per cent. of them
reach their destination alive after II
journey of forty-fve days.-N. Y. Sun.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
MAKING GOOD ROADS,
Some Valuable and Sensible Conclusion
Reached by Prof. King.

Some Valuable and Sensible Conclusions
Reached by Prof. King.
One authority on the subject of road
draining claims that in prairie soil a
good road can be obtained for eleven
months in the year by simply putting
in a good system of tile drainage,
slightly rounding the road bed
and sowing grass seed so that the
roots may aid the drainage. If the
road surface is to perform the service
of roof it must be protected from the
action of narrow wagon wheels. 4
sharp turn is always in better condi-
ton than the straight portions Of the
road. A little thought shows at once
that this is due to the fact that the
front and rear wheels do not follow
each other and therefore do not form
ruts. A slight difference in the length
of the front and rear axles of wagons
with the use of wide tires would ac-
complish more for roads, considering
the expense involved. than any other
one thing. 1t is hard to change a GUS
tom, and probably nothing but legis-
lative action can introduce a change.
This change need not prove hardship
to anyone, and the arguments against
such action are comparatively unim-
portant.
Prof King has reached the following
conclusions: BY careful study of local
conditions determine the cost of bad
roads. Pay this cost as interest on cap
ital borrowed for making the needed
improvement. Substitute the cash sys-
tenn of paying road tax for the labor
system. Thoroughly drain all roads
and keep the drains always open. Do
away with narrow tires and axles of
the same length. Macadamize wher-
ever the traffic will warrant after full
filling the above conditions. Keep the
road as clean as you would the roof Of
house, thus affording no chance for
water to collect and destroy the sur
face.-Farmer's Voice,
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

TRELLIs FOR LIMA BEANS.

so as to keep it from slipping; and from
this string pass strings over the ridge
board to each bean hill. and the work
is done; only then carefully loosen up
the soil, pull the earth from the center
well up to the rows, and then let them
run along the strings till they reach
the top, which is the signal for pinch
ing the runners OFF. The cost and
trouble is small, and the string and
poles can be used for several seasons
BESIDES, when a little care is taken to
do the work neatly, the growing beans
are an ornament in the garden Iraise
all pole beans the same way.-Ameri-
can Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
Spring and summer Care of MILK.

Cleanliness in all dairy operations is
of first Importance. Milk with dry
hands. Keep the atmosphere in which
the milk must stand free from bad
odors. Preserve the desirable fiavors
in the cream. If the milk in wanted
sweet, lower the temperature as soon
as the milk is drawn from the cow to
just above freezing if possible. Neg
lect of proper care of milk by patrons
is the cause of much trouble at the fac
tory and results in like reduction in
net profits. 1t pays to be honest
Orange Judd Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

No feature in dairying is more impor-
liant than ventilation. Do not stable
cows where their food is stored. The
best stable floor is made of concrete
and should be washed often. The sta
BILE should be light with plenty of win
dows, the cattle facing each other. On
the roof should be ventilator that can
never be closed. Ventilation by win
dows should be regulated daily. On
entering the stable in the morning
open the. doors and blow out the i'm
pure air the first thing.-0. B. IIadwen,
in Farm and Home.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
FRESH MARKET BONES.
Highly Advantageous Addition to thu
Regular Poultry Ration.

- AHshiy Advantageous Addttion co tne
Regular Poultry Ration.
AS food for poultry soothing is now
priced more highly among progressive
poultrymen than perfectly fresh mar
ket bones, cut up each day, in addition
70 the usual food ration. This elegant
food supplies nearly if not every ele-
tnent OF the complete egg, as we'll as
the formation of bone. muscle and
feathers of growing chickens. Fresh
oones from the market cost but a tri-
lie. They should be obtained fresh
each day. Their value is due to the
perfectly fresh animal food which they
contain, along with the other elements
not found in sufficient quantities in
corn and wheat. 1t has been proved
mat green cut bone will often increase
eneegg yield from so to topper cent. 1t
VIII also stimulate the fowls during
.ne moulting period to such an extent
mat the fowls do not suffer as former
y IN this trying time. The juices and
srlstle In the fresh bone contain, in a
1igestihle form, large quantities of
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
MUSHROOM CULTURE.
No Other Garden Crop Pays Such Salts
factory Profits.

NJ oLntE AFOp rays Sutu SaItS-
factory Profits.
Will you tell us how to grow mush-
rooms and whether or not they are
profitable to grow? asks a correspond
ent. One of the most profitable crops
for the outlay that can be grown; the
market is sure, because the supply
never equals the demand. Mushrooms
can be grown in any dark room or cell
lar where the temperature can be kept
at from so to 70 degrees From some
old pasture procure good rich soil and
store it away. To every bushel of this
soil add two bushels of fresh horse
manure. OF this well-mixed compound
prepare bed, say four feet wide. Put
down thin layer and pound it down
hard, and go on until you have bed
II to IS inches thick. 1t soon becomes
pretty hot, but let the heat recede I'M
til it is only s. or 90 degrees. Then
make holes, say a foot apart aud put
in the spawn, two or three pieces as
large as a walnut in each mole. Cover
the holes and press the soil solid and
smooth Let the bed remain in this
condition about L. days; then cover the
bed with inches of fresh loan, and
over this place or 5 inches of hay
or straw, and the work is done If the
temperature is right in six or eight
weeks you may expect mushrooms.
The beds will continue bearing from
90 to 30 days. After the first crop is
gathered, spread over the bed an inch
of fresh soil, moisten with warm water
and cover with hay as before. The
main conditions in mushroom growing
are proper and uniform temperature
and very rich soil. One pound of spawn
is sufficient for a bed Q by feet
Farmers Voice.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
AN EXCELLENT DEVICE.
Designed for Dairymen Who Wish to
Cool MIX In the Well.

The sketch herewith shows simple
and successfully creamery that any
farmer can with little expense con.
struct. The first thing required is a
well of good size In diameter and of
cool water. | made the experiment
early last spring by hanging the cans
in the we'll, ard was so well satisfied
with the results made the needed ar
rangenent for hosting and lowering
the cans by means of crank which
can be attached to each roller. Three
cans are all that are needed in my
creamery, each one holding milking.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
What a Texas Man Thinks.

Good roads encourage neighborliness.
They are most potent agency in re-
moving the barriers Of prejudice
which generation Of misguided per-
sons have erected between town and
country.-W. L. Moore, Pilot Point,
Tex.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

THREE THOUSAND dollars are reported
to have been taken from one western
county, few years ago, for worthless
fruit trees Pretty expensive expert
ence.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

HAVING handy places of shelter in
the poultry yard where the chickens
can easily run under in time of sud
den shower, will save having to 80
round and hunt up and dry the little
fellows after it is over, and will often
aave many lives. The shelter will also
serve to keep off the hot SUMS rays
whan dasirad
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07

WHEN trees can be protected as easi-
ly as they may be by weaving laths
and standing them about the tree, no
body should ever complain of damage
done by rabbits in winter.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
TO MAKE A BROOOER

properly Constructed, One Lamp VIII
Keep 1t Comfortable.
Make a box 4x3iS feet and inches
nigh, cover top with boards and bot
tom with zine, making box like the
heater of an incubator. Take piece
Of old cloth, some heavy material, and
cut strips 4 inches wide and long
enough to reach all around the 3x4 box
Or II feet. Tack this cloth around bot
tom edge of the box; it will hang down
inches below the box Cut the cloth
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
SHOES.

We can't forget the children. This summer
they are the best that have ever been on the
market; there is a larger variety to select from,
both in tan and black. Don't forget the "Old
Carlisle Shoe"
We also carry n very large assortment OF
Trunks, Satchels, Telescopes Valses' and
Umbrellas and most everything you can find
IN Il ilrstClnss shoe establishment.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
TO THE LADIES,

Now that winter is passed with all its snow
and chilly blast, we begin TO think of those hot
summer months which are sure to follow:
therefore we want TO do away with those high
cut SHOES we have been wearing To keep us
warm and think how we can keep ourselves
COOL Now II you want to keep cool, which
those easy and perfect tlt' oxford Ties that
we are Offering at such low igures this season.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
SHOES FOR M EN-.

Gentlemen, when you think OF purchasing
Tor yourself pair of those fashionable Tan
shoes which are all the 20 this Season yvhv
give us a call and you will find the largest
stock TO select from in the city" Styles, we
Will give you All idea; there is the needle, pic
cadilly, opera, razor toes and many others. In
all colors Of Tan you can possibly think of.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-07
HATS.

Its time TO lay aside that heavy felt or wool en-
nat You have been bearing all winter and think
OF getting yourself or child n stylish straw
hat. We have just received large invoice o
Hats for Men. Boys and chi 'dren; the styles are
broad 6rim sailor for tie three year old TO the
man of three score and ten, SO nobody is over
looked.