The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-06-15

"Queen Anne's War" as it was called,
began at about the same time as the war
of the Spanish succession, and lasted
until its close. The third, king Georges
War;" came on with the quarrel between
England and France, the principal event
in Europe being the victory Of Dettingen,
at which the second George not only dis
tinguished himself, but made the last ap-
pearance of an English King on battle-
field. By every one England man
aged in some way to profit, generally
by appropriating little territory here
and there, where it could be taken with
out serious risk, and thus was Canada
ADDED to the British Crown. Not to
speak of interference with the Spanish on
the Southern Continent, with the Portu-
guese in Brazil, and the Dutch in half a
dozen places, the browning act of med
ding in this country was the effort to
compel the thirteen colonies to defray a
part of the expense of the French and In
dian wars, an attempt that led to that
little affair in Boston about the tea, and
later to the war, independence, and last.
but not least, to the Fourth of July. with
its firecrackers, barbecues and oratory.
IN INDIA.
A terrible outcry is made in England
from time to time by the annexations
made of Asiatic territory by Russia, but
the history of the British power in India
shows an exactly parallel case. The early
occupations OF India by Europeans were
all OF commercial nature, and might
have been peaceful had it not been for
the persistence of England's efforts at
home to humble France and maintain the
balance OF power. The first English fact
cries in India were established under the
auspices of the East India Company in
1912, and from that date to the present
The policy of England has been uniform.
An intercourse, at first friendly and on
equal terms, was opened with some State
whose territory was coveted, and after
the British resident had been on the
ground long enough to understand the
situation thoroughly he began to make
suggestions, soon to be turned into re-
quests, which were speedily altered into
peremptory demands. Naturally, even a
Nindoo ruler would object to such treat
ment. and when he did troops were
marched into his country and ''protec-
torate' established. II the King behaved
himself and quietly accepted the situa-
ton, he was usually allowed to remain
nominally on the throne as long as he
lived, but il he made the least trouble he
was summarily deposed and British
Governor was installed. Tactics such as
these, continued from 1912 to the present
time. have given England q chance to
monopoliZe territory In India having an
area of 100000 square miles, while Bur-
NAH has lately been subjected to the an
nexation process, and Afghanistan is
now, apparently, about to 60 the same
road.
IN CHINA.
The whole world knows the story of
British Interference in the affairs of
China. 1t was entirely uncalled for and
unnecessary. The Chinese showed no
disposition to open foreign trade with
any country, and were quite satisfied to
be let alone, but the English had goods
TO sell, and the bullying plan of selling
them worked so we'll in India that it was
determined to try IL elsewhere, and
China offered promising field for the
experiment. Opium-growIng had be-
come an important industry III India as
early as the days of Warren Hastings,
who began the expectation of the drug to
China. The Chinese Government pro-
tested. the English persisted. Finally
the Emperor of China forbade all trade
with England, not only on account of the
opium traffic that was running his people,
but also because of the frequent difficult
ties between the Chinese and the sailors
of the British ships, difficulties that
promised to lead to serious complica-
lions. This would never do, so Com
missioner was sent out to demonstrate.
He duly demonstrated, but the Chinese
Government persisted in it's intention to
stop the opium trade. The contraband
opium held by the English merchants
was seized and destroyed by the Chinese
agents, and thus began the dispute that
led to the opium war. The real cause OF
the war was, at the time as far as possi-
BILE concealed from the English people,
for the public conscience would have
strongly revolted at the idea of war to
compel the Chinese Emperor to permit
the English to poison his people, so "out-
RACES on British SUBJECTS" protection to
British interests" and other convenient
and indefinite phrases were employed to
cover up the real reason for the conflict,
which was solely for the purpose OF
forcing opium on China and the Chinese.
and the consequence of this selfish med
ding ia seen in the fact, as stated by
Mulhall, that 3, 000, 900 Chinese people are
now addicted to tine use OF the drug.
IN AFRICA.
Until near the middle of the present
century no one seems to have had the
least idea of the immense value of Afri-
can territory. When the fact was made
clear, however, that Africa was for the
most part fertile country, capable OF
supporting an immense population and
OF developing an enormous trade, every
European power at once hurried to gain
a foothold on the Dark Continent AS a
matter of course, England was first, for
she had already appropriated considers
BILE districts, not because the Government
thought they were of any value, but APP
parently just to keep in practice. Neither
France nor Germany could compete with
the insular power in this matter, and be-
fore the world was fully awake to the sit
uation England had calmly pocketed
nearly ali the land of Ham that was
worth having. including Egypt. the last
being one OF the most Darelaced and i'm
pudent pieces of meddling without cause
ever recorded in history. That the pol
icy has paid cannot be doubted. England
has to-day in India, as stated, a territory
of 500, 600 square miles; in other parts Of
Asia, 26, 900 square miles; in Africa, $780,
600; in America, including Canada and
numerous small stealings in the West
Indies and elsewhere, 3,76S, 200; in Aus
tralasia, including Australia. $4,000
The total area of the British Islands and
colonies to-day is, therefore, 9,1l4,000
square miles. Besides this, there are in
progress of annexation number of States
over which complete control has not yet
been attained. They have not passed the
"protectoratep stage, and so cannot prop
erly be reckoned as part of the British
Empire. Principally located in Asia
and Africa, the magnitude OF the annexa-
ton business now being actually carried
on may be seen when it is know n that