Arizona silver belt., 1895-08-31
WITHOUT HORSES.
Carriages That Arc Propelled by
 Motor Power
Road Tests in Frpuce for tue Purpose of Bringing Out tho Best Typo of Machine for
 Vehicles

Road Tests tu trauCe TOT tue turposc oS
 Bringing Out tho Best Typo
 of Machine for
 Vehicles,
 One year ago there was SO much in- terest in these horscless carriages that a race was arranged between them from Paris to Rouen the first prize to be given to the carriage which should excel in speed, safety manageability and ecouomyl There were one hun drcd and two vehicles entered, but be- fore the day of the contest this number was reduced by withdrawals and dis qualifications to twcnty-one. The starters were of all shapes and sizes from neat victorias to great coaches for eight and ten passengers, The first to finish was Comtc de Dion's steam vc- hicle, heavy traction engine of some twenty-five horsepower, drawing a fOur-seated carriage. The next to iin- iSh, thirty-iive minutes later, was a four-seated phaeton, built by the Sons of Peugcot Brothers, of Paris, and pro pellcd by a Daimler petroleum motor, The next four to finish were also pro pelled by this same motor. The prize was given to the first petroleum motor to finish, and this carriage had covered the distance eighty miles, in five hours and forty minutes, including two stops If fifteen minutes each. This test was . distinct victory for petroleum en- zines, and special victory for the Daimler type of engine.
 In these petroleum engines it must not be understood that pc, troleum is used as fuel for the production of steam. The principle Is quite different, as this Daimler motor is the utilization of gas explosions pro duccd at regular intervals. What bothered the inventive minds of those who first expcrimcuted with this type of engine was the irregulurity of motion, and the fact that when the worl, to be done was less than thc nor nal power of the engine toe many eX- plusious occurred, and the machine ran too fast The first of these defects was corrected by the introduction of a fly wheel heavy enough tU take mp and carry on all surplus force of the gas at the moment of its explosion The pis- ton was thus brought back by the mo- mentum acquired by the tly-whcel to the position in the cylinder where a fresh explosion had the greatest pro- polling effect upon it, The second de- feet mentioned was rcmedicd by an in. gcnious application of the principle of the regulation governor, by which the gIS-yalve was not opened when the speed of the engine exceeded a certain limit Again, the cylinder in which the explosions took place became so hot after time that the entire engine was likely Co be smashed, owing to the expansion of parts made to iit accu- ratcly. X waterjacAct around the cylinder, and circulating cistcrn in connection with it, prevented this catastrophe The heated water flowed out above, while the cold water passed into the cistcrn in its turn.
 With such general improvement as indicated, the gas engine became com mcrcially practicable. But it was not until about nine years ago that Alr. Daimler, 8 German inventor, found that he could make use of the ordinary gas engine, with some qualifications, as consumer of liquid hydro cartoons, yari- ously known as petroleum, naphtha, parlfine, or gasoline. The chief change was the addition of small heating chamber, into which the liquid fuel passed before .t entered the cyl!n- der. Beneath this chamber a pctrO- lcum burner was lighted, and it's metal covering made so hot that the pctro- lcum yaporized as soon as it entered the chamber. The freshly prepared gas was then in position to explode in the cylinder as soon as it was miECd with the air A small portion of each charge was allowed tD escape through an opening near the top of the cylinder, light which heated the yaporizing chamber These various steps were automatically regulated by puppct valves, which regulated the force and time of the explosions.
 Such, on general lines, is the Daimler motor which has been used SO effective ly in these road tests in France. After seemingly pcrfccting the motor there was much ingenuity required in reduc- ing it's size and also in preventing bad smells and objectionable noise. Perfect combustion secured an abatement of odOrs, and the size was diminished by shortening the stroke of the piston rod and enlarging the cross section of the cylinder This gave 8 shorter connect ing rod between the piston cross-head and the pin on the Ay-wheel In order to gain increased power with a shorter stroke, the speed of the engine had to be accelerated from one hundred and twenty to seven hundred revolutions ppr ruiuutn