davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
The Passing of tbc Horse

Texas journal says: 1t is predicted by
those claiming the right of authority on
such matters that the days of the nOblest
beast that has ever served the wants and
uses of man, the horse, are nearing their
last numbers, this being due to modern
progress-the invention of various We
hlcles of locomotion and transportation.
RMS may be so or it may not be so. JIG de-
pends. This is especially time when
the existence or uses of a thing. no mat
ter in what sphere the comparison be
made. depends upon its superiority of
merit. If the quality of the horse be
made such as to commend him to the adj
miration and uses Of man. then as a factor
fulfilling a natural law, his continued ex-
lstence is not only assured, but his in
creased value a certainty. AS a burden
bearer he is yet of inestimable impor-
lance, and as a contributor to mans en-
Joyment he still holds first place. The
scrub is not in it with the thoroughbreds
or the bull blood, neither is the scrub man
a success. The scrub horse is simply less
fortunate than the scrub human, for the
divine and statutory laws have failed tC
give him sacred protection.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
THE MORNING NEWS: MONDAY, DECEMBER 50 1885,

much less quantity would produce as good,
II not better, results.
Sometimes a fertilizer is applied which.
coming in contact with another element
IN the soil neutralizes IL. and the fertilizer
IS rendered Valueless, and its cost lost
~ ignorance in regard TO the action OF
the chemicals.
Farmers who are interested in growing
crops cheaply and successfully land what
farmer is nOtD should apply soil tests
TO their land, that they may know what
their soil most needs, and. with proper
application, what crops would be most
profitable to grow on that soil.
Soil tests will show that some lands.
not now favorable to large crops Of corn.
can be made so at a trifiing expense; ana
the same in regard to wheat-the land
can be made 10 produce a larger crop
and more probably, if il is known what
the soil lacks.
Soil tests furnish this information, and
everyone interested in agriculture may
learn Of his own knowledge and under his
own eye what his soil needs and what his
soil wants
Until the farmers know what their soils
lack and what their crops want and the
effects of the constituents used for their
growth separately and combined. a ration
al system of manuring is impossible.-An-
drew II. Ward.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
The KoIn Nut.

The kola nut, which found its origin
in Central Africa, and which has become
famous throughout the world as an in,
valuable addition to medical science, is
to be introduced on the east coast, says
the Florida Farmer.
The kola tree grows to a hight of about
forty feet, and one tree has been known
to produce a crop of from 800 to 800
pounds. Each pod generally contains four
seeds, fifty of which will make one quart
or one and one quarter pounds, which is
sold at $l.25 per pound and upwards.
The first fruiting occurs five years
from planting, but the maximum yield
is not reached until the ninth or tenth
year.
The tree fourishes in moist hot lands
at or a little above sea level.
The medical properties of kola are
many and of the greatest value to med
ical science.
The great value of kola is due to the
presence of certain alkaloids, theobro-
mine and caffeine, together with the new
and powerful principle known as kolanin
The stimulating and sustaining power
of coffee and cocoa are well known, and
kola contains not only large percentage
of their characteristic alkaloids but also
kolanin, whose physiological effects are
more powerful and lasting than either
caffeine or theobromine, while at the same
time ii is free from the objections urged
against cocaine. In view Of these deduc-
tiOns, therefore, kola must be accepted as
a valuable addition to our materia medica.
Because of its sustaining powers kola is
used by the natives when long-continued
exertion is demanded and little food OBJ
tainable; hence we are led to believe that
this peculiar property is similar to that
of cocoa. That it lessons tissue waste is
shown by the diminished excretion of
urea.
The effect of kola upon the circulating
system is that of a tonic stimulant, the
pulse being increased in strength and fire.
quency.
The kola tree resembles somewhat the
chestnut. Despite the fact that it prefers
the moist climate of the coast, it has been
found 500 miles in the interior.
As Florida possesses the only soil in
the United States, that is suitable for
this product there seems to be great
wealth in store for the state by its intro
duction among the colonies on the south
east coast.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30

the places for trees by stakes. II the va
riCfy 10 be grown is OF a vigorous nature
and likely to make large trees like the Ell
oerta, the stakes should be from sixteen
TO twenty feet apart; but for smaller
trees. such as Japan Blood and that class.
ten TO twelve feet is quite sufficient 1
used to advocate close planting to shield
the ground from our hot sun out l have
altered my ideas on that point little now,
as my observation and experience goes to
prove that the wider apart the trees are
planted, the better Will be the quality Of
fruit 1 planted my first lot of Elbertas
twenty-five feet apart. intending i'm few
years as the trees got TO maturity, TO
plant trees between them, making the
orchard twelve and one-half feet apart all
over when fully planted: but last summer
l found that the trees that We're wider
apart had the best fruit. 1t was higher
in color and the quality was decidedly SUI
perior to THAI on the trees planted twelve
or fourteen feet apart Some trees i'm the
neighbOrhoOd of De Funiak are planted
even closer than that. and il was an OBJ
Ject lesson 70 any one TO observe the ap-
poarance of this fruit 1t was of green
ish hue even when ripc-sDOtted and al
together a very inferior looking fruit. IN
fact there were Elbcrtas shipped from
herr last summer that no one would be
lieve to be such as far as appearance was
concerned.
But 10 come back TO the planting, after
the ground is properly staked, holes
should be dug at least three feet in diam
eter larger if you can afford ito, and at
trees they should he planted an inch or
so deeper than they were in the nursery
row. The holes have 10 be filed with
surface soil and a couple OF handfuls of
cotton seed meal or any other nitrogen
Gus fertilizer spread in the hole among
this soil under the tree. Good care must
be taken that the fertilizer does not
come in contact with any of the roots.
After the roots are covered with soil
il ought to be we'll tramped with the foot
so as to be sure that every root and fiber
is in contact with the soi-and more fer
tilizer ought to be put in the hole above
the roots. but a few inches below the
surface, the deeper the better; when too
near the surface ii is apt to make crop
of crab grass, and in that case the tree
won't get the benefit.
This putting Of fertilizer below the
tree win be condemned by some as being
quite unnecessary, but 1 have proved
by actual experience that it is great
help for the tree to make good start,
for on the first years growth in the or
chard depends its future usefulness.
like to give the trees a good start and
therefore fertilize literally; but every one
has his own opinion on that point. About
six ordinary handfulls of cotton seed
meal makes a pound and any one can
guess the quantity to suit that basis.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
The Citrus TrifOIiata as a Hedge
Plant.

Under date of Nov our Japan cor
respondent, Mr.. H. E. Amoore sends US
the following from Kobe:
This morning the thermometer is down
to AZ e a. M, but no frost yet. The
hedges of the Sirius Trifoliata, so com
mon here, are turning yellow and the
leaves dropping off and exposing the
thorns. shows what fine barrier hedge
of this beautiful plant makes. A fly
could hardly pass through it without be-
coming impaled / am satisfied this plant
will become very popular for hedging
merits become known. There is nothing
suDerior to it. To insure satisfactory
termination of the seeds of Citrus Trlfo-
liata it is necessary to send the seeds
in the fruit, and this practice 1 have
adopted.
Satsuma plum has become in the United
States Is not its rich claret color sure
TO render it attractive? How does It
compare in size with the Kelsey? L pur-
chased five Satsuma plums in the market
at San Francisco that weighed two pounds
and was told that they grow still larger
/ 90 more on weight than on measure.
The natives here do not allow the fruit
of these plums to ripen, but pick them
for market before actually they have any
taste to them, | lind It dlfhcult 70 make
conparison of the various varieties on
this account. That is l cannot get the
fruit that have ripened on the tree so as
to Judge of their relative color at perfect
maturity. II. E. Amoore.
We have no doubt Mr. Amoore is correct
in his statement that the citrus IrlLollata
will prove popular when II becomes known
in the south We are satisfied that Tor
most nurposes for hedging II Is unequaled
by anything we have yet used.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
sagacious BIackbirds.
FROM the Indianapolis sentlnel

From the indianapolis Sentinel.
Gen. Lew Wallace yesterday related an
incident which shows to a remarkable
extent the wonderful sagacity and mem
DRY of blackbirds.
AT my home over In Crawfordsvlle,"
said the general, we have large num-
Der OF tall trees on the lawn, and in the
course of time these trees became the
roostng place at certain times OF the
year for hundreds Of thousands Of black
birds. They came in great black clouds,
and in spite of all / could do, they re-
fused to leave. OF course, they we're
great nuisance, and / was in despair as
j stood for days with my gun firing into
them, of an evening, and killing hundreds
of them, but the rest did not seem to
be sufficiently struck by fear or grief
to want TO part company with me ana
my hospitality. / then devised a new
scheme.
Procuring a number Of Roman candles
one evening / lighted them one by one
after dark, when the boughs of the trees
were bent low with the weight OF the
croaking birds, and l poured the balls
into the tops of the trees at a great
rate The sudden innovation startled the
birds as nothing had ever done before,
and they became panic-stricken. That
night 1 was free Of them.
''The habit of returning there to roost
was stronger than fear, and they began
coming In by thousands as the next even
ing approached. After dark began
with another Volley OF candies, ana the
determined bombardment in progress.
They fed precipitately, and the third
evening only a few returned. A rev last
shots put them to flight, and l was trou-
bled no more.
'But what do you think those birds did?
MY dividing fence runs between the tree
on my property and the trees on the
property of my neghbor, which are equal
~ nigh and equally suitable Ior nome
Of the blackbirds. When the birds We're
driven from my lot they flew over across
the dividing fence to the trees Of my
neiahbor and settled There was no
bombardment over there, and they have
stayed there ever since.
This was a long time ago, but never
since the last Roman candle was fired into
them has one OF these birds settled on one
~ nv frees. They are 'tabOOedf as effect
usally as though they were on hre. The
preaf clouds of birds each morning and
evening ny directly over my trees going
and coming, but not bird settles upon
a tree that Is on my side or the niFiainB
fence.
Another strange thing Is that II any
one OF an evening stands on my lawn
and makes slight noise, a. shaping
his hands. there will be- the widest COM
motion among the birds IN the neghbof-
ana almost stricken. u, however, the
same person crosses the fence and stands
directly under them, and makes twice -
much noise hey pay no attention what.
eyer ~ him. he fan even shoot 20 INTO
them without drying Them FROM tAelf
pffcbee.+
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30

The American Cultivator states tersely
our own convictions relative to hedges,
especially those made from such plants
as he Usage orange, the pyracantha and
Cherokee roses, Towering pear, etc. 1t re-
marks, and very correctly, we think:
1.-The hedge is not so popular as it used
10 be, and is destined to be less so as
land becomes scarcer and more valuable
Even when closely trimmed the hedge
destroys the crops for several feet on
either side In England hedges are much
more common than here. but it is mainly
because England lacks other fencing ma
terial. The English hedges are, however,
carefully trimmed, and the parts pruned
off have the advantage of being worth
more as kindlings for coal than the cost
of the labor required to secure them"
From accounts we have of it, We are in
clined to the opinion that as fast as Its
merits become known the Citrus Tri-
foliata will in the future be the most
popular hedge plant throughout the south.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30

Having everything dn readiness. the
process of budding may be described I'M
der six heads
l. At a smooth place in the stalk-pref-
erably two or three inches above the
ground-an upright incision, an inch or
over in length, is made clear through the
bark.
3 Across the upper end of this incision
a short, horizontal one is made The us
ual way for the latter is at right angles,
but il will be found better 10 make II
obliquely, in which case the tying mate
rial cannot get into the upper incision, but
must cross it, as is best.
3. The bark is then raised by pressing
the thin piece of ivory (or the rounded
point of the knife against the cut edges
with a kind of lifting movement, begin
ming at the upper end of the incision ard
proceeding to the lower end one side at
a time. In this operation special care is
required to avoid touching the layer of
soft, new wood Immediately under the
bark. To touch this SOFT new wood checks
the growing process, which fastens the
bud to the stalk, and this check renders
success very uncertain.
f. A bud is now cut from the prepared
scion, the knife entering about half an
inch below the footstalk and coming out
three-quarters of an inch or more above
it, taking as thin q slice of the wood with
II as may be. The practice of some Is
to remove this thip piece of wood, but
if not done with the greatest care the
bud wiz be spoiled, while success is not en-
dangered in the least by allowing the
wood to remain
8. The bud is now taken by the piece
of footstalk left for the purpose, placed
under the bark at the upper end of the
incision and pushed gently down to the
lower end. If part of the upper portion
of the bud projects above the cross in
cision, it is to be cut off, making a neat
fit.
6. Tying is the next thing in order
This to hold the bud in position and Ia
exclude air and moisture 1t should be
done at once, beginning at the lower end
of the incision and covering every part
of IL, but leaving out the footstalk and
the point of the bud.
The work is now complete.
If the stalk is growing rapidly the ty.
ing may cut into the wood before the
bud adheres properly. Should this occur
the tie is to be removed and immediately
replaced, but not so tight. In three weeks
from the insertion of the bud the tying
may be removed permanently
Ton days or so after bidding it may
be known that the operation is success
on being touched, if instead of this 1t has
dried and sticks fast, the work has failed
But If the bark still peels freely the bud.
ding may be repeated, selecting a new
place on the stalk t
Most of the hardy roses can be budded
on each other The wild running rose
the Michigan rose-makes a pretty stalk
netu rose, vigorous growing kind
brought from Como, Italy. half century
or more ago, which multiplies readily by
cuttings. In advance of the budding, the
spines should be rubbed off the inch OF
tow where the bud is to be inserted.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
Home Grating.

Have you some choice varieties Of fruit
peach, pear, plum, etc, that you wish to
propagate? II so, now is the time to
cut the scions. They can be cut now, tied
into bundles and put aside, where they
will be kept moist, and later on, from time
to time, as it may be convenient, can be
grated on to young stocks or on to old
ones that have been shown to be inferior
and undesirable. You may have just one
or two very choice fruit trees of kind
that has been demonstrated as being just
the thing for your soil. About the farm
YOU can probably pick up dozens OF young
1T is a very easy matter to transfer them
TO some particular spot and graft the
choice fruit on them, or they may be
grated right where they stand II the
place is at all suitable for them to re-
main there. Every place from quarter
acre up should have it's modicum of fruit
trees or vines. From one grape vine you
can start a dozen or two vines that in
two or three years will prove an actual
blessing to the family.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
The ArtichOlze-Its value as Winter
Food fer stock.

Am / a believer in the value of arti-
cholkes as a food for stock in the win
ter?" Most emphatically l ANYMORE so
now than ever before in my life" said our
esteemed friend Booker, a few days
ago. on being questioned as to the
kind of green or succulent food
he had provided for his milk cows and
hogs this winter. He went on to say that
for twenty years he had recognized the
value of artichoke, and had planted them
on small scale from time to time ISut
ID is only this year that L have come 10
The positive conclusion 10 plant them eV-
cry year from now on and TO raise three
times as many as l have been growing
before. Owing to the drought IN SePtem-
her and October my turnp crop proved
an absolute failure, and there was nothing
n the way of green or SucculenI 1000 III
ght for my hogs and milk COWS during
The winter months, but fortunately l had
planted a small area in aruchokes, ana
yielding, as they have, at the rate OF SOO
bushels to the acre, have mad the neceS-
sary succulent food to keep my cows in
a normal flow of milk and my pigs and
chickens as fat and healthy as they could
be Three hundred bushels is by no
means a large crop, but 1t was a surprise
to me that the crop was so good CONSIDER
ing the drought of September ana Octo-
ber About the middle of September
concluded that my artichokes would not
yield more than fifteen or twenty BUSH
els but to my great surprise they nave,
despite the drOuth, turned out al the
rate of 800 bushels pere acre. Fed prop
Crly they will supply the deficiency of
turnips and potatoes until March l at least.
If September and october weather had
been favorable, L am quite sure the yield
would have been 600 or 700 bushels per
acre; but 200 or even $50 bushels, is
crop not to be despised, especially such
a year as this, when turnips failed and
The pastures had dried up by the last of
september 1t was impossible to get any
growth of barley, rye, or bur or crimson
clover to furnish anythink green for win
ter. The fact of it is l would not have
taken 40 cents a bushel for my crop Of
artichokes and the buyer to dig them.
The only possible substitute for them in
the way Of green food.
The following ration is not easily i'm
proved upon in my humble judgement.
have found it to produce the best flow of
milk a COW can give, and [ believe you
Will find it so if you once give it as good
a trial as 1 have done: Cotton seed, 8
pounds; wheat bran, ) pounds; corn meal,
: pounds; artichOkes, 10 pounds.
All cooked together and fed in two
meals. If fed freely of first class hay,
clover or Bermuda, the meal may be left
out altogether, without any perceptible
effect increasing the bran to four pounds
Reckoning the artichokes at 40 cents
a bushel (and most any farmer can raise
them at an actual cost of cents a
DusheD, the ration, exclusive of hay need
not cost more than Is cents per day, to-
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
WALKING ON AIR.
Eminent Authorities Look to Its Pos
sibiIity az a Reasonable Hone.

siD1lfty an Reasonable HOPE.
From Demorests Family Magazine.
Despite the immense amount of writing
and talk on the subject of aeronauts the
question has always been: VIII aerial
navigation be pBacticble within a time
near enough to justify US in interesting
ourselves about it? asks a writer The
decided affirmative answer of Prof Al
e&anoer Graham Bell, the creator OF the
Bell telephone, is worthy of considera-
ton. Prof. Bell says that human loco
motion through the air will be achieved
before long, although the principle of
gas expansion, which constitutes the lift
ing power III balloons, will have no pIape
in the practicable flying machine. What
is necessary for rising in the air he
says, is not cumbersome balloon, nor
an unmanageable imitation of bird's
or Insects wings, but a mechanical con-
trivance which can be operated by ordi-
nary motors. BuOyancy of the flying ma
chine must be secured by motion Of some
of its own parts, and not by the whole
machine having a specific gravity less
called the helikoptes, Prof. Bell thinks
approaches nearer In principle than any
others the flying machine of the future
It simply screws itself into the air, a GER
tain rate Of revolution Of the screw caus-
ing II to rise, a lower rate giving II mere
buoyancy. and still further decreased
rate making II sink gently TO the ground
This device. II VIII be noticed secures
only suspension in the air, but little is
detracted from its value on this account
as buoyancy Is the only problem, IL being
comparatively easy 70 obtain motion 70
and fro.
Apropos OF mechanics IN a different field
Prof Bell says that the electric roads
horseiess carriages and bicycles will not
relegate the horse 10 the fields but VIII
give him another and more active sphere
Of activity Man hes invented the 30
cycle" he says. 10 increase his powers
of propulsioni and while ! do not say
hat a horse could ride 4 NIFUriF d am
confident that "a machine could be- built
whereby "a horse could % taken On The
ground and used as motive u0wef.
with a proper system ~ EcafiuB great
eDeaa rntid he ultnlnfdH
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
FEW RAILWAYS BUILT.
only 100 Miles More Built This Year
Than in 1855.

Railway building in the United States
reached this year a lower point than
in any of the last twenty years; indeed,
in only two years since 1865, thirty years
ago, has so small mileage been built.
The records for 1895 now show only 1,7S2
miles of track laid, tremendous decline
from the great year of 1897, when almost
1900 miles were put down. In the eight
years since that time the decrease in con-
struction mas been great and continuous,
and this year the total built was only
about 100 miles more than in the year
lg55-forty years ago. How the new track
laid in 1885 is distributed will be seen
from the following table. compiled by the
Railway Age to which it is possible final
returns may make slight addition:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
plnntinr Pench orchnrda.

In selecting a location for a peach or
chard, it should, if possible be located on
high lands. and as fiat as possible, TO
avoid washing during heavy rains, says a
southern contemporary. The land ought
to be thoroughly cleared and we'll plowed
before any trees are planted on it; and
the ground laid off in spaces marking
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-12-30
Chemical Manures.

In manurlng it depends greatly upon the
condition Of the soil and partly on the
crop grown as to what fertilizer or com
blnation Of fertilizers 10 apply.
II there is a suficiency IN the soil and
IN available form. Of the fertilizer ap-
piled, there VIII be no increase OF the
crop. but NJ there ia a deficiency IN that
one element alone itH application IN how
ever small a quantity viii result in large
gain in the crop.
This ia one reason Of abe wide differ
ence in results 10 using chemical manure,
ana also causes waste ln quanfify applied
ana consequently Increased cost
IFcIucnuy hslf 4 son la Used when 4