The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-11-19
FACTS FOR MEN ON THE FARMS.
rxTRACTs FROM SECRETARY NOR
TONS ANNUAL REPORT.

-Fert Inspection Increased and I'M
,roved-A Total of 1S,575,069 AMI
mails Inspected at sIaughterhouses
During the Past Fiscal Year-A
slight Falling OF in the Number
,f cattle Exported-The Exports OF
Butter to Great Britain-Ihe Mort
cages on the Farms.
washington, Nov. 1S.-Following are ex-
tracts from the annual report of Secretary
OF Agriculture, J. Sterling Morton:
Meat inspection during the fiscal year
Increased and improved. The public de-
handed more extended ana critical IN
section in all the great cities where the
1.-ser abattoirs are located. Earnest er-
-rrs were made by the department 10
i-saect all animals slaughtered for inter-
si8te and foreign trade Those efforts
however, have been made only in the cities
where United States inspection has been
r-rmanentIy instituted. At such klIlinS
places calves and sheep have been IN
tIried in the inspection.
The number of animals inspected az
slaughter houses during the year was IS
5-s q6s During the preceding year only
Si4i+656 wer Inspected. This shows 5,631,-
* more this year than last. The WORK,
therefore, of inspection al the aDaItolrs
..r.ring the fiscal year ended June 80 1885,
was augmented by about 43 per cent. Dur
ing the same year, in the stock yarGs,
ante-mortem inspection was also made OF
During the fiscal year 1895. 1904 59S
,,Sunds of pork were examined micro
scopically and exported while during the
abroad. and in 1898 only 20,6TI4lO pounds of
nicroscopically examined pork were eX-
Pm the fiscal year 1895, 905,O5O hog car
casses and 1005,365 pieces Of swine flesh
werG micIpscOpicsliy examined. IWs
shows total of l,9lO,4l5 specimens plac-
"a under the microscope. The cost of this
was S93. i5l.l0. The cost of each eXamina-
ton was. therefore, 40 cents. In 1893 the
rfs,l.f ion azf -
linen. and in 1894, 80 cents.
During the year 657756 cattle were in
spected for the export trade and IN 1884,
NE United States actually exported
during the fiscal year 1895, 324,299 head,
bgt i'm 1894 they sent out 1853, 535. This
shows a falling off of exported cattle dur
ing the fiscal year 1885 of 1926 head, com
pared with the year 1894.
Cheap swine feed throughout the King
dom Of Great Britain during the past
year caused a large increase there IN
hlme-fattened pork. The British farmer
even at the present low price or bacon,
fnds it more profitable to fatten hogs
than to market beans, peas and cereals.
The number of breeding sows in Great
Britain increased over 10000 during the
year. That was an advance of more than
% per cent The number of other swine
increased 430,3lA This was an advance or
more than q per cent. Inc lotal nuhper
of swine in Great Britain on the 4th day
of june 1895, is officially stated at ISL
Shipments of butter from the United
States represent almost per cent. OF the
total imported into Great Britain. Den
mark still holds the lead of all competit-
ers in supplying this great butter market,
others being France, Australasia, sweden
and Finland, in the order named.
In June, 1895, English farmers carried
100000 head of cattle. Three years be-
fore the same farmers owned 100000
head. Thus decline Of 10 per cent. is
shown in thirty-six months.
In Scotland, in June. 1893, there were
1lB0O cattle; in Wales, lGi.WO, and at
no Tina q n nd pnr1 f1fF 1nH =
Thus the total for the United Kingdom
in June, 1895, is about lO150OOO head. But
the United Kingdom is not holding its
proportion of the trade as a purveyor of
meat to its own people.
During the nine months of the year
ended with last September, at the great
central meat market in London, the prices
of prime Scoth and English beef, com
pared with the prices of American as
follows: Scotch sides, %l.25 TO S1462l2 per
l0j pounds; English prime, $ll.25 to Sl2.6l1a
per 100 pounds; Aalerican. 50 to $l1.50 per
lp pounds. The extremely hot weather
of September lowered all prices, and the
high tempera ture of that month is wholly
responsible for the minimum quotation
Of 80 per 100 pounds for American beef
During the first eight months of the year
1893, 10. 1T horses, in tia same period OF
1894 1854 horses, and during the eight
from the United States were landed and
sold in Great Britain, this last eNporta-
ton being valued at $2,97 900. The av-
erage price of American geldlngS IN the
English market during the first eight
months of the year 1895 was Sl555O. Geld
ings from Canada during the same period
Of time averaged S1H each. while those
from Germany during the same months
in the English market averaged only $50
per head
But the declaimers of calamity declare
that the farms of the United States are
sadly burdened with mortgages The
census of 1880, however, develops the
fact that on the entire valuation returned
Tor farms there is only a mortgage Of
IS per cent. 1t will be borne in mind, too,
tbOnSa n0S of of mort
gagged lands Of great value which are
returned as farms were such only before
chased to plat as additions TO cities like
Chicago, Brooklyn, Kansas City and
Omaha, and ceased to be farm lands al
soon as mortgages representing part OF
the purchase price were recorded. Such
lands are, therefore wrongfully included
and returned as farms. They show an
aggregate of many millions of liabilities.
The farms of the United States, aVera-
ging 137 acres each, are valued at more
than $l3,O0 100000. Those farms number
four million five hundred and siXty-four
thousand six hundred and forty-one
A56464D,. and their average value in the
census of 1890 is $1,000.
The farm family, including hired help.
averages six persons. By their own Ia
Dor; with an additional Investment upon
each farm of about $500 in implements
and $500 more in domestic animals and
sundires (making Il total farm plant of
curing the year, out or the products of
the earth, a wholesome and comfortable
The same farmers have with part of
their surplus products also fed oil the ur-
ban population of the United States
poor and rich alike. Cereals, meats. veg
etables, fruits, eggs, milk, butter, cheese
end poultry have been supplied the viii
age and city markets of the United
states in abundance 1t is probably safe
TO say that more than 10000 coo of Amer
Iean citizens not living on farms have
peen so furnished with all the necessities
and Injuries known as products of the
varied soil and climate of the states and
territories of the union
During the fiscal year 1875, the United
states exported to foreign countries do
nestle commodities, merchandise, and
troducts aggregatng in value s793, 600, 600
me aggregate value of the agricultural
Ecoducts included in that sum was $685.
--95H Of the total exports Europe re-
celVed a valuation of S62S. 600 COO or 70
Per cent. of the whole