The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-01

soon subjugated- Montenegro held OUT
England suggested an ar-n!stee. ply
Turkey id Eot consent 20 suspend ncs-L-
ties until Russia INTERVIEWED with q demand.
Lord Derby communicated TO Alexander
the British idea about Russsa's designs,
and was assured by the car that he had
no intention OF occupying Constant-ropfe-
The safety OF the Christians. he declared
was what he chiefly sought. A conference
OF European powers called by Lord Derby
to meet AT Constantinople was held NO
vsnber s. 1876 Before IL met Beacons1eld
denounced Russia in many speeches, and
talked boldly about war. Alexander talk
ed back in a speech 10 the Russian mobiles
While Beaeonsield threatened. his eabi-
net, including Lord Derby and Lord Car
narvon. sharing the feeling Of a large part
OF the British people. were opposed 70 war.
The Constantinople conference. held dur
ing the meeting OF the first Turkish par
lament. Ike Turkeys pretense 10 estab-
lish a constitutional government, came TO
nothing. Still believing that England was
her ally. Turkey would not come TO terms.
I On April "A, 1877, Russia declared war;
one army crossed the Danube and ad-
vaDced toward the Balkans. and another
I invaded Asia Minor. They met with IN
expected opposition from Osman Pasha
at Plevna, in Bulgaria, and were re-
pulsed: but the car put Gen. Todieben IN
command, and Just al the time that Eng
-AaAA A%aA Rf1Ah ~ ~
pa!gn in Asia Minor was ended, kars
was taken by assault and Pievna surren-
dered. With the beginning Of 1873 the
Turks were beaten. the road 10 Constan-
tinople was open, and England caught its
breath While It listened TO the report that
the Russian army was Almost in sight Of
the Turkish capital.
Amid the cIamors OF the war party OF
England in the early days OF 1878, "the
lingo" was evolved. He was a devotee
whose idol was B~eaconsfield, and the wor-
shippers faith was so sublime and conf
dent hat he really imagined that war was
TO be waged against Russia and that the
British empire was 10 be marvelously ex-
tended as a consequence. The govern
ment ordered a feet to Constantinople.
Lord Carnarvon resigned. Lord Derby
threatened TO resign. and the fleet that
had reached the Dardane,es was ordered
back TO Bes.ka bay. Upon the news OF the
7 Russian approach to Constantinop,e, the
fleet that had been ordered back was
again ordered forward. Russia had made
a treaty with Turkey at Adrianople,
which secured almost complete independ-
enCe OF Turkey for the Christian provinces
and the creation of a new Bulgarian state
with a seaport on the Aegean sea- Eng
land. listening to the feeble protestation or
Turkey that Il had been compelled TO sign
the treaty, refused 10 recognize 1t. Lord
Derby. disappearing of the lingo policy,
resigned. and Lord Salisbury was made
foreign minister in bis pace.
AS the results of the efforts Of Germany
10 avert the war that seemed TO be immi-
nent. the congress OF powers was held at
Berlin in June and July, 1878. Earl Bea-
{ consfield had secretly consulted both Rus
sta and Turkey before the congress, and
had concluded a treaty of defensive ALI
ance with Turkey. He attended the con-
gress IN person, and his going and COM
. Fny homo urara theatrical Hmm his re-
turn he declared most dramatically, that
he had brought back peace Wit honor
This was hOtly disputed by those who
understood the true situation. By the
treaty Of Berlin. Bosnia and Herzegovina
We're given TO Austria. That part OF Bes-
sarabia taken from Russia after the
Cr.mean war was set off from Rouman;a
and surrendered to Russia. 1t was the
last vest.ge Of the advantages the ear
had been compelled to sacrifice when the
struggle in the Crimea was ended. But
Russia gained in Asia the territories Of
! Arabian, kars and Batoum, with the
freedom to man warsh.ps on the Black
sea and to establish arsenals on it's
shores, although England's earlier treaty
J OF defensive alliance stipulated that Rus
sian occupation of Arabian. Kars and Ba-
toum would be resented with arms. The
war 10 recover these provinces did not
follow. but England took possession of
Cyprus. as had been stipulated as the
price Of her promise to maintain Turkish
demands.
The Berlin treaty exacted from the
porte many new promises of reform. To
the Armenians was guaranteed security
against the Circassians and the kurds.
The porte assured religious liberty in
every part OF the ottoman empire. Reli-
giOus belief was no. TO be held as a bar
TO exclusion or unftness TO enter public
Offices, to the practice OF professions, or
the following OF occupations. All religions
were TO be permitted equal freedom. The
treaty provoked keen criticism in Eng
land. The discovery that Beaconsfield had
secretly agreed with Russia before the
congress, and had also entered into stipu-
lations with Turkey Numerically contra
dictOry, robbed his peace With honor
boast Of all significance in England. ex-
cept as a cause for national shame. His
lingo policy in this and other foreign con-
trovers!es were soon unpopular. and L
was not long before his government fell.
and the Liberal party was restored. with
Mr.. Gladstone as prime minister.
The history Of Turkey for the seventeen
years since the Berlin treaty was signed
has been a reproduction Of many OF the
pages recording the .nCapacity or unwill-
ingness Of the Ottoman empire to keep its
pledges. A diplomatic pretension has been
maintained of an intention to fulfil the
enFagementS made with the powers OF
Europe. but repeated remonstrances have
been made, in consequence of the failure
Of the local governors IN distant Vilayets
or provinces 10 protect Christians and
Jews against TIE Nohammedan Z~ealots.
In November, 1S4. the world was startled
by the reports Of new atrocities In Sas-
SCUM. The Armenians and the Turkish
sold ers had met. and the effort to sup
press insurrection was accompanied by
horrible slaughter. Accounts, not yet
fully verified. varied IN putting the num-
Der OF deaths at from so 10 1900. Turkey
pers.stenty denied the most distressing
accounts, but the unread.ness manifested
at -onstantinopl TO cooperate with the
nations represented IN Turkey has con-
tluued 20 keep alive the belief that the
atrocities in S~assoUn. ErZeroum. Sivas.
ptavhek.r ana other places We're com
mitted by Turkish soldiers. and apparently
With the approval Of the porte. TIL pro-
motion and decoration OF officers known
20 have been responsible for some OF
the outrages has seemed 10 Justify The
worst opinion OF the Turkish authorities,
and by manyhas been accepted as uuques-
ticnab!e proof Of the insinCer.tv and in
humanity Of the Ottoman rulers.
England. as the ally q Turkey for
mans years has been slow 20 act IN 50
DEE ~tve a way as II appear 20 be- inj-f-
ftrcnf 90 The alliance win the Ottoman
empire. The ola Jealousy az Russia, the
fear that The czar may stll further eX-
tend his dominion oward India. secure
aud ho.f C~oustantncp'e and become q
formidable power in me Mediterranean
has affected the British mind very much
as q, Vas affected IN 1873. under the 5lnEo
leadership % tse Earl q BeaeonEfieid.
Rl, she English sense Of fairness ami
erieriy rn4t te3t responded r. the proTos-
t.r ~ tf,a !stone te turn the Turk. bag