The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-06-28


other methods This substance is the
ideal bleaching agent Ii is -impy
weter with an added atom Of oxygen,
which extra oxygen uuites with aud
destroys the pigments Of vegetable and
animal substances without affecting
the tibrts in any way or leaving in
them any foreign matter II can oe
us d With any other material. Ivory,
bone human hair, wool, silk, jute,
linen ana Gotten can ali be bleached,
and the wool on the sheep or the hair
on The human head eau ue Whiteued
without in the least affecting its
growth and vigor. Through this sab
stance, ii is added, many classes Of
textiles are made Of mixed stock
which Il few years ago it would have
been impossible To use
As an example of hailucinatious,
which he attributes to disease of the
brain where memory il located, DR..
Starr mentions the case of a youn .
woman, VINO was frightened by white
mouse, and for wears afterward saw it
running about her. She was shown
that it was unreal by being requested
10 push one eyeball up "a litte, the eff
feet being to make real ohiect--but
not imaginary ones-appear double.
Some persons hear imaginary voices
uttering commands, and have been
even driven by them to commit sui
eide.
= Vast a. are the sewers Of Par., they
are reported to be uusuited for their
work. the solid deposits being 30 great
on account Of insufficient fall and in
adequate water ~urply-fhat an army
OF ! 900 uivu II employed To- prevent OBJ
structlOu. \ new undertaking is to
provide-at cost of $4,000 u00-fdr
treatment Of large proportion OF the
sewage by irrigation Al 81. Germain.
4 European meteorologlst finds that
the intensity Of the suns radiation at
the ea:th's surface is greatest in winter
An accurate definition Of the distinc-
tons between plants and animals, ap-
plying To- the lower organisms as we'll
rs To the higher, is yet To be supplied.
Prof Charles :. Miuot suggests the
following: Animals are organisms
which talF part of their food in the
form OF concrete particles, which are
lodged in the cell protOplasm by the
activity of the protoplasm itself; plants
are organisms which obtain all their
food in either the liquid or gaseous
form by osmosis ["difiusion. This,
however, is not entirely free from ob-
lection. At one stage the monXomce-
ties, unlike any other plants, take solid
PARTICLES Of food, very much as do the
amocbal, and even with this line Of
separation we may be compelled to
recognize a connecting link between
the two kingdoms. The tapeworm in
the intestines appears to be nourished
entirely by absorption; but this is an
exception induced 10y parasiical life,
as its near relatives take solid food.
The papyrus Prisse, found by Prsse
in a tomb Of Thebes and now in the
National Library at Paris, is thought
to be the oldest book in existence. The
tomb contains a mummy of the first
Theban dynasty, dating back p centu-
ries before Christ; but the book is much
older, its title page proclaiming il to be
of the line of King ASA, who lived
about 3, $50 b. e. The book is divided
into A chapters, written in hieratic
rhythmic language. 1t contains Sc
ries of naXims and sayings, directing
those in authority TO perform all their
duties rs perfect men, taking wisdom
ans. science as guides, and to be mod
est, moderate and careful not to abuse
their powers The author describe,
himself as 10 years old, and possessed
of all houors and favors to be conferred
by Egyptian royalty.
The inoculations against cholera
made ly pr. w. NJ Haffkine, III In.
dia, have been carefully followed up,
to obtain reliable records, and have
given results appearing decidedly IA
vorable. In Calcutta the percentage
of attacks and deaths among the moe
ulated was lis per cent, while among
the uninoculated the percentage Of
cases reached 1868 per cent and Of
deaths ll63 per cent. \ fact claimed
to have been conclusively established is
the harmlessness of the operation.
BY placing film Of spores under the
solar spectrum-thus producing pho
tOgraph Of the spectrum in living and
dead bacteria-Pruf II. Marshall Ward
has shown that the rays of sunlight
tfat kill microbes are the blue and
violet.
The idea that the city is necessarily
much more unhealthy than the cOun-
try is questioned 10y The Medical NetoS,
of Philadelphia, which finds that the
apparent excess Of city death-rates is
largely due to the more thorough re-
porting Of deaths. In most rural dis
tricts there is little care in this respect,
no burial permit whatever is required,
and both birth aud death of children
are gotten unrecorded. Careful exam
jnation of the tables shows that the
mortality of city depends not upon
its size or age, but upon the intell-
gence and decency Of its inhabitants
and authorities. London, the largest
city in the world, stands at the very
head OF the list for healthfulness, with
the truly extraordinary death-rate for
1894 of l19 per each 1000 of its 5,0O0,-
600 Inhabitants. This has been stead
lily reduced from so per 1000 in 1900,
with population of 100000. Next in
order come Philadelphia, with death
rate of 226; New York, PSI; then
Paris, with 80; Berlin, with IS; Vienna,
with 49; and, last Of all, CONSTANT I
nople, with IS One significant fact /
may serve as on index TO the other