The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1895-03-13

ed balanced ration, that is to say a ra-
ton composed of the requisite elements
of sustenance in proper combination.
Mrs. FAson followed with an address on
SHELTER FOR POULTRY.
She dwelt upon the necessity for shelter
in country where the temperature ruled
SO low in winter. She described the con-
struction of houses in use in her own ex-
perience. She told how these could be
cheaply made. She dwelt upon the value
of a scratching shed and described how to
build it. She also answered great many
questions bearing upon the subject or
poultry keeping.
DR.. NJ. H. Reynolds then took up the sub
ject of digestion with special reference to
horses. He dwelt upon the work performed
by the gastric juice in the stomach of the
horse. He described in a clear and concise
manner the various processes of digestion.
He very beautifully illustrated the manner
in which the digested food gets into the
blood and crculates through the system
for the sustenance of the animal He made
it abundantly clear why horses should not
be allowed to drink just after eating The
stomach of the horse is small, and if allow
ed to drink large quantities of water just
after eating the meal much of the food is
slushed out into the bowels. Where this
practice is long continued the digestion
will certainly become impaired and various
troubles likely to arise. Ii horses are
averse to drinking in the morning before
amount of water the previous evening. In
warm weather when horses are working
hard, it is a good plan to have barrel of
water in the field. They can then be given
some water in the middle of the forenoon
or afternoon. When the horse is warm and
tired he should be fed with caution Horses
should not be allowed to take full drink
until at least 112 hours after they are FED
Ordinarily it is not necessary to grind
oats for horses The proper order to OBJ
I'M ic rNl
second and GA is third. Where oats are not
available wheat bran and corn may be
used as substitutes in the proportions of
about three parts corn to one part OF bran.
At the evening session Theo. Louis gave
a lecture on his experiences in
WESTERN PIONEER LIFE.
The narrative OF the lecturers own ex-
perience was given in language terse, sim
pie and expressive. 1t was thrilling in the
extreme The experiences of these trying
years are doubtless largely responsible for
the strengthening of those remarkable
powers of close observation for which Mr..
Louis is noted. These are, no doubt,
largely responsible for his great success in
his chosen calling of swine rearing. The
audience in the evening was quite as large
as that of the preceding sessions.
On Friday the attendance was as good
as on the previous day. The morning ses
sion was opened by an address on butter
d
Mr. Carlyle thus occupied large part of
the forenoon. He dwelt on various feat
ures of the work. of caring for milk, hand
ling cream ind ripenng it when preparing
it for being churned He gave important
reasons to why cream should be strain
ed before churning it, and as to why color
ing matter should be used in the cream at
certain seasons of the year. Wells and
Richardson and Hanson's butter color are
good. He did not favor using carrots as a
coloring matter as the flavor of the car
rots would get in the butter. He told about
the temperature at which the milk should
be kept when being raised, also at which
cream should be kept, both when being col
lected and while being ripened He spoke
of various causes which Influenced temper
ature He explained the best method of
washing, sailing, and putting up butter
for market. He also answered a great
many questions bearing upon the dairy in
dustry. He referred to the fact that the
state of Minnesota is importing cheese
from New York. and is at the same time
also exporting foods to New York to be
turned into cheese.
TheO Louis then followed with an address
FEEDING SWINE.
He referred to the numerous letters which
he received from day to day bearing upon
the various ailments which affected swine,
and more especially at this season of the
ytdI. IL 10 surprising " lIldl more Is
not generally known regarding this work,
after all has been said and written upon
the subject. He dwelt more particularly
uron the value of skim milk as a food for
swine. 1t has been claimed that sweet
whey is worth cents per hundred pounds
as food for pigs and skim milk is worth
"a cents per 100 pounds, but in his judg
ment, if rightly fed, they We're worth more
than the sums named. Thirty pounds of
meal should be fed along with 100 pounds
of skim milk. If one-half pound of oil
meal is added the ration will be still fur
Their improved One hundred pounds of
milk properly fed, should be worth one
bushel Of corn. The ailments of swine had
their origin in constipated condition of
the system in many instances. This is
usually followed by diarrhea, and diarrhea
in turn by piles. 1t is therefore very inn
portant to feed pigs in such a way that
constipation will be avoided. Pasture in
summer is excellent for swine, but it should
be remembered that certain amount of
grain is also necessary. He then referred
to evils arising from feeding large quanti-
ties of corn, barley or wheat
DR.. Reynolds followed with an address
on certain features of digestion. 1t is i'm
portant to keep the animal from nervous
excitement If horses are much excited
there will be just so much 90 d loss in
food. Great care should be used in feeding
horses so as to prevent constipa ton or
enumerate the various causes which led to
one or the other or to both of the con-
ditiOns named 1t was unfortunate that
horses were so frequently fed so large
quantities of hay. From u to Is pounds
per day is enough for any ordinary horse
The old-fashOned way of cutting hay or
straw for horses by running it through a
cutting box and then sprinkling the meal
on it is a good plan, but in farm practice
1t may not be practicable in very many
instances. Among the conditions which
tend to derange digestion in horses are the
following: Feeding too much in quantity
feeding too bulky too concentrated
food, and feeding animals when in a tired
condition, feeding an Unbalanced ration
and carrying parasites into the stomach in
the food. The subject of preventing wounds
OF various kinds and also Of treating them
was then briefly discussed.
During the afternoon session Mr.. Powell
gave an address on the silo, and on
GROWING CORN
for the silo. He told about the different
kinds of silos and how to construct
them. A round silo could be profitably
built where it stood outside of the barn
and some favor round slos when built in
side, as the ensilage sinks down in them
more evenly than in the square silo
silo should be deep to secure pressure
without which first-class ensilage could not
be made. Corn could be planted for the
sllo, either by using the drill or by putting
1t in in hills. The drills may be 31b feet
apart and the plants about a foot apart
IN the rows. Breeds Weeder should be
used on a newly planted corn field before
the corn appeared above the surface of
hn ,Iv,1 1;,l,% /,