davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

A covered tin.paAl will serve as a receptacie
Tor bottles and water. A shallow bench
on which to set the bottles to keep them
from pumping" may be made from a tir,
plate punched full of holes. An inverted
bowl or block will serve to euualize
level of milk in different sized bottles
where such are used. Cover is removed
when temperature of water is taken.
ordinary thermometer to the common
utensils found in every kitchen.
For the benefit of those who may de-
sire to pasteurize milk, either for gen
eral or infant use, the following simpl.
suggestions are offered:
l. Use only fresh milk (not more
than twelve hours old) for this pur.
pose.
2. Place milk in clean bottles or fruit
cans, filling to a uniform level. Of
pints and quart cans are used at tho
same time, an inverted dish or piece of
wood will equalize the level9 Set these
In fiat bottomed tin pail and fill with
warm water to same level as milk. An
inverted pie tin punched with holes
will serve as a stand on which to place
the bottles during the heating process
3. Heat water in pail until the tenn.
perature reaches one hundred AMI
sixty degrees Fahrenheit; then remove
from source of direct heat, cover with a
cloth of tin cover, and allow the whole
to stand for half an hour.
4. Remove bottles of milk and cool
them as rapidly as possible without
danger to bottles, and there In refrig-
orator.
There are several devices that have
been suggested for this purpose, but
this simple method is quite as efficient
as any other. Milk treated in this way
ought to keep perfectly sweet for sew
eral days.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

pecially in respectable home garden.
We wish to have our garden look nice,
as we'll as produce large and useful
crops. In recent years wehave made it
apractice to finish off every piece which
we plant with such crops, sweet and
other corn included, with the smooth
ing harrow. This leaves the land in the
very best shape for planting. AS We
plant patches for successional crops
from time to time right along, we have
occasion to use the harrow now and
then during the entire season. Some
times we pillow the strips as we want to
plant them. Sometimes we only stir
the surface with the cuitivator, and
then finish off with ordinary harrow,
and finally the Meeker. But Meeker
harrow is rather expensive. 1t costs
over $40 at 'etail, l believe. A SUBJ
seriber (addre unfortunately mislaid)
gives me the idea of the smoothing de-
vice here illustrated. The construe-
ton is made plain enough by the illus
tration. The smoothing plank is ad-
Unstable ~ means of a lever), and Is
faced at the lower edge with a convex
steel plate. The tool may be useful IL
maHy places.-Practical Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
CHEAP HOMEMADE eREENHorsr.

structed as 1T might be. For people
who cannot do better, and must avoid
every expense possible, especially also
that involved by the plan of hot water
heating, l think can recommend the
house here illustrated (cut made after
an illustration appearing in Canadian
Horticulturist) Any person handy
with tools could put up the frame work.
Fhe material is almost wholly scant-
ing, 2 by inches, and cheap boards.
The building should Re dohble-boarded.
with paper between ne two walls. Or
binary hot-bed sash can serve for the
roof, and the side windows NAV also be
bought ready made in any sash and
blind factory. The heating may be
done by simple flue, the Fireplace flor
coal or wood), being in the northwest
corner, and the chimney In the east end.
Our Canadian friend, who furnished
the idea, uses house of this kind as a
sleeping-room at night, and sitting
and working room by day. The posts
or studding along the front side are 9
by inches, 6 feet high, and set just far
nough apart to allow the windows to
come between, so no window castings
are used. The house is 10 feet wide,
and heated with 25a foot box stove
that takes in very coarse wood. The
stove pipe runs along the back or north
side OF the building, behind the staging
that is under the roof windows.-Amer-
lean Gardening.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
GROWING THE CHERRY.

THIS Delicious Fruit Does Not Receive the
At ention 1t Should.
It's planting is often limited to but a
few trees on home premises, and be-
cause of limited amount of fruit birds
ore most damaging to it. Its early
bloom and fruit are subject to destruc-
ton on level lands, low lands, hot, shell
tered localities that release frosts quick
ly when they drop untimely and late.
The cherry does not do well on wet
lands, and thorough drainage is an alb
solute necessity. This is best attained
II the fruit is grown on high, rolling
lands, ridges, bluffs, and in such local.
tiles where the grape thrives. If SO
planted it will be a fairly sure cropper,
more sure with us than the apple. 1t
is advisable to plant trees that are in
yigor and not too old. One year we
consider better than two, and consider
able care should be taken to plant trees
very early and on well-tilled ground. It
is beneficial if they are planted among
raspberries fruits of bush form
three or four years-till well estab-
lished and they come into bearing.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
PIONEERING SHRUBS.
But Very Few Varieties Want ANY Prun.
ing I'm Winter,

But Very Few Varieties Want Any Prun.
ing in Winter.
During the winter season a very great
IDEAL OF damage is done to shrubs by
many who profess to understand how
to prune properly and yet are entire
~ Ignorant of the whole business. This
is deplorably evident near all large
cities, where there are many men who
call themselves gardeners, and who
turn many penny" by the work Of
pruning they get in the many small
gardens therein. Many of these men
are entirely honest, but ignorant. Not
only are they ignorant to-day, but they
continue 80 from day to day, never
profiting from experience. Others
know better, but as the pruning means
work they slash away at the trees and
shrubs, caring nothing whether the
owners get flowers from their shrubs or
beautiful shapes from their trees.
1t would be great surprise to the
honest primer to be told that, with
hardly an exception, shrubs want no
pruning at all in winter, yet 1t is true.
Excepting not more than a half dozen
sorts, shrubs flower from wood of the
previous season, and when the last sum-
mer's growth is Topped away the prom
ise of flowers entirely disappears. lido
notsay l never prune, for there is some
times a little thinning out to do, and
sometimes long, struggling shoot
wants shortening in, to give bush
good outline, and this work / do. The
well-known golden bell (Forsythie
viridissima) will serve as an illustrp-
ton. Left to itself, It is not hand
some bush. 1t makes very long shoots,
especially when the plants are vigo-
GUS. l have such one In my garden,
and but lately cut off the tops of some
OF the longest shoots, which had shot
far ahead of the others. The length
cut off each was not more than two feet,
and there is left four feet to each one,
and, besides this, there are a couple of
dozen other young shoots not topped at
all, SO that l have yet an abundance of
young wood to give me bloom. II has
grieved and provoked me many a time
to see collection of shrubs in some
garden the young shoots of which had
been entirely cut away, and in manv
cases the owner would have been
thought to have been possessed of
enough intelligence to have prevented
the mutilation of his shrubs. II you
employ man toprune your shrubs and
he proceeds to cut away the wood OF
last season, clear him out, for he GER
tainly is imposing on you as to hi'
knowledge.
The proper season to prune shrubs il
in spring or summer, as soon as the
Towering is over. Cut them back then,
II they are not shapely, or If there is too
much old wood. But do not think prun-
ing has to be an annual job. have such
shrubs as weigelas, SNOWFALL, deutz;a
and the like, which may be said never
to have been pruned. A little finger
and thumb nipping of the, ends Of some
of the growing shoots in midsummer
has been all sufficient for them.-Prac-
teal Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.

RUB the sprouts OF the trees before
they become tough.
KEEP the soil we'll worked around
the peach trees to make them grow.
Peach and plum trees are less liable
to disease when growing In = poultry
yard.
UNLEAcHED hardwood ashes are un-
equaled az fertilizer for grass lands
and lawnA
PoTAroEs are often seriously injured
by being allowed to remain in the sun
too long.
THERE is no work on the farm worth
20 much as that done IN the garden
and orchard. -H
II from any cause It is considered
best to remove large limb, cover the
wound with paint.
ANYTHING in the nature Of lye will
destroy the apple tree borers before
they penetrate the bark.
A SMALL, thrifty tree with vigorous
roots. w.,en set out, will make a good
tree sooner than large one with
mutilated roots.
KEEP an eye to the future shape Of
the tree all timely remove small
needles, crossing or crooked limbs, and
in this way avoid severe pruning later
on.
A TIGHT sod around growing trees
does not give taem a proper chance to
develop. This is especially the case
with peach trees. Keep the sod loose
close up around the trunk. st Louis
Ranuhlic
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

Pruning from the start should receive
some attention, and no knife used on
stem, but the leading shoots should be
plnched back, and heading-in practiced
on the trees. The cherry has the I'M
fortunate habit of the peach-makinr
principally terminal growth. and by
extension pushing the entire tree out
INTO few long, bare limbs with few
scattering branches on them that die
from want of nourishment because the
sap flow is not checked. This can
be largely obviated and the bearing
surface or area can be largely increased
by heading in and making dense head
around the central stem. Such caution
may not be necessary east and south
but 1t Is necessary in the west TO at
tain success because of our natural dry
air and arid conditions. since the plar-
ing OF the hot sun that continues ut
times for months does much injury.
The dense heads shade the stem and
forks and permits a shaded and normal
condition of the bark, preventing sun
scald, bark bursting and destruction of
cell structure. Because markets are
Rare of homegrown fruits, fruit cans
are empty and the fruit has a good
place IN the market, and is always in
demand. The picking costs 40 to 60
cents per bushel. and we have always
receive,. from $3.50 to 1920 per bushel
for the fruit, averaging So to Sc per
tree from trees planted eight to eleven
years. In varieties we would confine
ourselves to Early Richmond, princi-
pally two-thirds of that sort, and one
third to one-half of Morrello and Wragg.
which are very similar, but both very
regular bearers and reliable. In good
Richmond years the Morrello does not
sell SO well, but we think so large pro-
portion should be of the late sorts,
since otf-Richmond years when there
are no cherries, in spite of the fiery acid
of Morrello, they will sell very readily
and at high price.-W. NJ. Bomberger,
in Prairie Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
The Future Of Irrigation.

Irrigation makes a considera BILE
showing In the census Of 1890. In that
year, according to the official report.
52,5s4 farm owners in the arid and sub
humid regions Of eleven states and ter
ritories were employing artificial means
Of watering their land, to the extent
of 1854, 416 acres. The average size Of
these farms was sixty-eight acres, and
their average annual production was
placed at $14. so per acre. The census
of 1900 will show large extension of
the area irrigated. The various sys-
TENS are still in the experimental
stage, but the main fact looms up that
irrigation will be one of the leading
elements Of the American agriculture
of the future
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
AN EXCELLENT TESTER.

..,,ons Here Given Explain How Ono
Can Be Made at Home.
rhs universal favor with which the
,.hcock tester is regarded by progress
i've dairymen almost makes its intro
,nction an absolute necessity in every
u u.sr regulated dairy. The seemingly
,ow price of dairy products, with the
inspect of high-priced rations, would
,paicate greater reason for every farm
- who has herd of cows to know Just
that each individual animal is doing
,,- him in return for the feed fed to
mem, Even when feed is plenty and
,ov in price, it is not within the bounds
n economy to shiftlessly feed COW
Ana. has poor assimilative powers and
,,ls under the light of figures to give
net profit to her owner, to continue to
teep her and still reduce the profit of
another that gavemilk of high testing
value.
Many dairymen have provided them
selves with tester and are acting in
As regard wisely, but a very large ma
brity have either carelessly neglected
n supply the need or do not care to 90
o the expense of purchasing one for
+ their few cows.
The present crop conditions inOhio
xIl demand that many of us must cut
down our stock or purchase feed at
outrageous prices, hence the necessity
n the elimination of those animals
which are the poorest producers at the
rsil and churn and the keeping of those
shich will come nearest making a prof.
Iable attachment to the farm or will
trove q source Of revenue regardless Of
iigh.priced feed.
For the purpose Of encouraging the
Introduction of the tester will give an
Illustration with description of cheap,
reliable one, that can be made and oper-
ated st very low cost and give just as
rood results as those purchased OF
Creamery supply companies.
The agricultural press has given so
much upon the manner of use and man.
pulation of the tester that little upon
hat point will be necessary at this time
hrther than to say that the greatest
are and exactness must be brought
nto play from the beginning to the
lose Of each test, otherwise no good
Jan possibly accure from It's use.
In the first place, an old sewing ma
hine that can be bought very cheap, or
onsted, must be secured. One that
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
FRESH DAIRY NOTES,

It Is said that milk has been recently
sterilized by sending through it a cur.
rent Of electric fluid, killing the bac-
terra.
We have noticed more reports Of poi
soning from cheese this year than ever
before. This is possibly because the pee
pie are learning to distinguish the
symptoms of this sort of poison bet
ter than formerly.
1t is important in the dry season
that the cows have plentiful supply
OF fresh pure water. If they have
plenty of this they will do much better
on the dry grass than they will if the
water furnished them is impure and
stagnant.
The Michigan State Dairy association
will hold series of dairy Institutes at
the county fairs of that state this fall,
which will doubtless be of great benefit
to those who attend and attract inter-
est to this industry. The idea might be
carried out in other states with profit.
Farm News.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

ROCK LITTER FOR CLBARIN0 FIELDA
beam, ~ inches apart at top OF beam
and 2H inches at prongs. Underneath
the beam and on top b q steel plate in
closing the two iron prongs to retain
them in place and give strength to tho
whole tool. In use 1t is hitched up to
an axletree of common cart wheels.
The driver straddles the rock while
the man who operates the tool with
the handles jabs the prongs into the
soil behind the rock. This is very
quickly done When ready for the
pull the short beam has decidedly
upward slant and the pull has an OBJ
lique movement causing an upward
thrust on the rock. For small rocks
the delay in pulling is but brief mo-
ment and often for the large ones but
o short time. Rocks are pulled out
large enough to give two yoke of oxen
fair pull on a drag to draw them
away. To one having sunlken or half
sunlxen powders thereis no tool on the
farm which for its cost saves as much
labor. l have cleared the past fall
40 acre field of several hundred rocks.
In rare exceptions for easy pulling
surface rocks as high as 40 have been
pulled in an hour.---J. II. Sanborn, In
Farm and Home.
The Arians had their name from
Arius, who died A. D. 800. Their main
doctrine was disbelief in the divine
nature Of Jesus Christ.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
The CITIZEN FREDERICK Nd FRIDAY MORNING OCTOBER % 1895

milk on tins machine that an IS one
with double gear gave. Secure bottles
from reliable firm; they will send
pamphlet how to handle; also procure
cream bottles, cream and milk pipett
combined, and an acid measure: these
cost rs to 80 cents each.
think many of our young men, sons
OF dairymen. would find it no difficult
matter to construct and put into opera
ton good, cheap tester that will both
give pleasure and profit to the dairy
business, by following up the above
Illustration and accompanying de-
scrlption. Try it and see If YOU don't
succeed.-George E. Scott, in Ohio
Farmer.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
The Preservation of Fruit.

After sound fruit of the right varie-
ties Is obtained, the essentials for pres
crvation are temperature only few
degrees above the freezing point, even
and not subject to change, with pure
air, not too dry These conditions are
70 be had rarely outside Of q house
built for the purpose. And one thing
b especially to be kept in mind; Fruits
win not keep long in good condition
after having been in such room any
sousidera BILE length Of time Nszze>
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

SEPTEMBER TERM, 1896.
In the matter of the Report OF Sales flied the
18th day of October, 1895
ORDERED, That on the 9th day OF November
1895, the Court will proceed to act upon the Re.
port OF Sales of Real Estate, reported to said
Court by Samuel Maddox and samuel Claggett
trustees In the above cause, and filed therein as
aforesaid, TO finally ratify and confirm the
same, unless cause to the contrary thereof be
shown before said day; provided copy of
lished in Frederick County, for thee success.
sive weeks prior to said day.
The Report states the amount of sales to be
s,9,S02.2SA
Dated this 18th day of OCTOBER, 1896
JOHN l.. JORDAN,
Clerk of the Circuit Court for Frederick County.
Trne copy-rest: JOHN l.. JORDAN,
Clerk
Maddox, Ross, ct al, Solicitors
oct 1S-it.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

nohE-AADE MILK TESTER.
pulley; E, handle for turning the n.y.
ri; D. bucket.
a large fly wheel on which a band
+ the pulley for propelling the
Fks OF the machine will necessarily
lhe best,and the larger the fly wheel
the smaller the pulley the better.
Sually most machines have a shaft
put or 10 inches to which this pulley
Pat or 10 inches to which this pulley
attached at one end and a crank
ei at the needle end. This shaft
its equipments can be removed
the arm and used for the shaft on
En The arms for the buckets and bot
are to be attached.
able or stand of some kind must he
,ued as a foundation upon which to
Ffuct the machine. Often the
OF the old sewing machine will
H quite well by screwing on q
Oh Pinch plank under the top,
W. ieet in length, extending out on
'ue sufficient length to attach the
'aeel' as indicated by the dotted
u cut Any old table that is 31h
"ug makes first-rate pedestal.
arms A are made from 1h-inch
aAed strap iron, foot long, and
10 the crank plate on the shaft
So holes at C, drilled in each end,
tcn the buckets are hung from
a0oks soldered into the buckets.
saer are inches in h, e.. and ~
Sin diameter.
s''lmes the bearings of the shaft
utilized in hanging 1t in an up
pOsltlon, plumbed and made to
A. w The pulley wheel is located
~ y @ole where the shaft passes
sa' allowing the shaft to extend
inches above the stand and suf-
|, Instance below to get steady
!" either in iron or wooden bear
Ssl Tue shaft center measure out
ss ssS on the four sides, inscribe
oau Jake quarter round and form
- S. .. The line with fat side out.
M instruct box out of some light
m MATERIAL IA 10 inches high, so that
h, uop over the outside of the
M rVahd' Cut out holes at B D for
lot. .a, Is TOP or box is a necessity,
bo,s NAV the operator, as the breaking
'e with acid in it strikes the
W., w warn not to leave of thi,
NJ a ~ any circumstances while re
: The machine.
a,ss ave or fly-wheel should b,
h mali % II can be moved away from
aDS pulley, thus tightening vi
u ii AZ We find that revolving thil
ill.,, aOr'zontal motion Is not any
Mem tSOme than with a vertica
sesul,s ana gives quite as satisfac
: bes ~ere is but one connection i
+ Aeel , Swlft motion with the ban,
! sesa tu' we have had jsst til,
from same sample 0
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
PASTEURlZING MILK.

directions for Performing This Important
Operation at Home.
The following directions for perform
Ing this operation at home are issue,l
by the Wisconsin Experiment station.
1t is possible to carry out the opera
ton with very simple arrangements
In fact, 1T can be thoroughly and eff
GENTLY done by the addition of a.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
FOR CLEARING FIELDS.

A Rock Litter Which, According to Eta
Designer, Really Lifts.
The rock litter shown in the cut has
been in operation on any rocky New
England farm for many years. Il con-
sists of the beam (A) AKA inches by ~
feet There is hook for chain attach
ment at B. The handles are self evi-
dent. The iron prongs (O are feet
long, inches wide and u inches thick.
There are two, one on each side Of the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25

MoRraAaEE's SALE
NEW LONDON MILLS.
By virtue of a power of sale contained in q
deed of mortgage from Jacob Keller of j., and
Ann f. Keller, his wife, to David Kolb, trus-
tee, bearing date the Goth day of September
in the year 1859, and recorded in Liber w. l.
r., No, 10, folio 40, &C., the undersigned mort
gagee will offer at public sale at the Court
House door in Frederick City, Md.
ON SATURDAY, NOVEMBER, 9th, 1896,
at IL o'clock A. NJ,
ALL THAT PIECE OR PARCEL OR PART
OF A TRACT OF LAND,
situate and lying in Frederick County, State Of
Maryland, called 1.-The Resurvey on Drum
mine," and part of a tract of land called
"Nathan's Undertaking" containing In the
aggregate
THIRTY-TwO ACRES AND NINETEEN
SQUARE PEkCHES OF LAND,
more or less, being the property known as the
New London Mills The improvements con-
sist OF o
THREE-STORY,w WITH BASEMENT, FRAME
GRIST AND MERCHANT MILL,
three run of burrs, two wheat and one corn;
corn crusher, an over shot water wheel, about
twenty feet, iron gearing, and In good condi-
ton.
GOOD SAW MILL AND GOOD WATER
POWER,
the dam covering about two acres of land.
Also,
STONE DWELLING H JUSE,
two-stories high. with wing building, good
stable and other outbuildings, all In good
order and repair. s
ALL THOSE PARTS OF TRACTS OR PAR
GELS OF LAND,
situate, lying and being in Frederick County,
New Market to New London, containing in
the aggregate
FIFTY-TWO ACRES OF LAND,
more or less being the same land conveyed
to Jacob Keller, of j., by Manassas Creager,
deed from Jacob Keller, of j., 10 Ann e. KEEL
Ter, his wife. dated July 10th, 1875, and record
ell in Liber I. q. No. 6, folio 5si, one Of the
Land Records of Frederick County.
The improvements consist of
GOOD Two-sToRY STONE DWELLING
HOUSE,
with wing, one and one half story, attached,
with stable, dairy and other outbulldings,
with running water on the farm. There Is
also a firstrate
ORCHARD OF FRUIT TREES
on this place.
The farm will be sold subject to prior
mortgage of $1,000.
Terms Of Sale as prescribed by the mort
gage:-Cash.
A deposit Of 500 will be required from the
purchaser on the day of sale. All convey
ancing to be at the expense of the purchaser.
DAVID KOLB, Trustee,
Mortgage.
oct.is-3t(N)
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-10-25
SMOOTHING THE SOIL,

A Device Whose Construction Is Explained
by the Cut.
In the garden we want the surface as
fine and smooth and mellow as we can
get it, and this even for crops, such as
tomatoes, potatoes, etc., which can be
and are usually planted as field crop.
Appearance counts for something, es-