Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1895-11-13

trains for short period in case he is
wounded or cut off with detachment
from the main command.
Experiments in this line are being
made by all the great war powers. +"
said Major Woodruff at the War De.
partment in Washington. "They are
trying everything imaginable tor the
purpose. Here, for example, is an ele-
ment of the British emergency ration
1t looks like dog biscuit, doesn't it ?
Three ounces it weighs. aud it is four
iuches square. 1t is composed simply
of whole wheat solidly compressed. A
condensed loaf Of bread you might call
it. The French have a new war
bread which is to replace hard-taok.
Its ingredients are secret. When
put into hot water or soup it swells up
like sponge and is said to be virtually
the same as fresh bread.
"In future wars the aim will be to
furnish the troops with fresh articles
of diet in the field. Dried foods are
only suitable as emergency foods.
Germany and France, by the help of
cold storage, have perfected arrange.
ments for shipping fresh heef to the
front by rail. When practicable, fresh
bread will be forwarded daily to the
fighting line. This was done from
Washington to the Army of the Poto-
mac during the civil war. The French
Government has constructed number
of bakeries on wheels for use in cam
paigns-wagons, that is to say, con-
tanning ovens and all necessary appli-
ances, so that bread may be made on
the march.
'For emergency rations evaporated
vegetables have Lcca tried, but not
with great success. They are not nu-
tritious enough, and they do not keep
we'll. Here is a one-pound can of
evaporated onions. Smells strong.
doesn't it? 1t ought to, inasmuch as
it represents ten pounds of fresh
onions. In the same way potatoes,
carrots, turnips and cabbages are put up.
"Desiccated foods are now being pro
duced ON an enormous scale by many
firms in this country and abroad. A
good thing, which we may adopt. is
this desiccated beef. One ounce of it
is equal to five ounces of ordinary meat,
because it is absolutely water-free. 1t
is too hard to cut with knife without
trouble. and so the soldier chops off
a small hunk Of it. He puts the piece
into a little machine like coffee. mill
and grinds it up. 1t comes out in fine
shavings, ready to be eaten on bread
or to be used for soup stock.
Beef tea, used as a stimulant, is a
good thing for soldiers. For an emer-
gency ration it is put up in capsules.
one of which makes cup. Each cap
sule contains the necessary seasoning
and costs two cents. Beef tea contains
almost no nutriment, but only the
flavoring and stimulating qualities Of
the meat. When akperson is informed
that teaspoonful of extract represents
several pounds of beef, he infers that it
is equally nourishing. The truth is
that the nourishment is left behind in
the boiler. A, human being will starve
to death ON an unlimited supply of beef
tea.
"The most important element of the
British iron ration is pemmican-a
preparation of beef, fat and salt. 1t
may be eaten without further cooking,
or made into hash or soup by boiling
it with vegetables. 1t keeps sound1for
years, though exposed to air. With
the pemmican goes a can of the same
size containing mixture of cocoa and
honey.
Canned foods will play an impor-
tant part in the future wars. The
Belgian iron ration is a ten-ounce can
of oorned beef put up in liquor that
is favored with vegetables. The Ger
many emergency ration is a ne-pound
can of preserved meat, with hard bread
and pea sausage. A biscuit composed
of meat and flour had been tried for
the German army, but the soldiers
would not eat it. The biscuit was
supposed to furnish the fighting man
with everything necessary for his ply
sical support, water excepted.
every likely United States soldiers
would not put up with the German
'erbswurst.' Yet that species of pea
sausage is said to have been leading
cause of the success of the German
arms in the Franco -Prussian war.
Without it the troops could not have en-
dured the fatigue. The sausage is
made of pea.meal. fat and bacon. II
was devised by German cook, from
whom the invention was purchased by
the Government for $4,000. Each
sausage makes twelve plates of nutri
tious soup.
"Among other things under consid.
GRAFTON by our own war department
are condensed soups. This little
packet, which looks somewhat like 6
bundle of cigarettes, contains just
three ounces of desiccated pea soup.
You observe, it is SO compressed as te
be quite hard. l break it up ant
throw it into this saucepan. To it
add one quart of water. and l place i
/ 30 hoi