davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
A Snake as an Incubator.

The following story, which comes
from Janis, l. T., is vouched for by its
narrator: While l was chopping down
a tree a few days ago my attention
was attracted by some dogs barking in
the woods, and upon going to the spot
whe::c the dogs were 1 discovered a
chicken snake coiled up under a log.
The dogs killed the snake, and In doing
so one of them bit a hole through its
body, and While shaking it out fell a
young chicken. l picked the snake and
chicken up and carried them to "a
field, where l cut the snake open and
found inside it another chicken witt,
eggshell around it.. The first chicken
that had fallen out was alive when !
reached the field. The explanation OF
the thing was, the snake had swallow
ed the eggs without breaking them, and
they had hatched in its stomach.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
Inc Larxes. EOtCie.


At the Bordeaux exhibition, which
will be opened shortly, will be seen the
largest bottle ever made. 1t will be no
less than t~hirty-fve meters, OF nearly
115 feet high, and it will represent q
bottle of tonic bitters. To the Bor-
deaux exhibition it will be what the
Eiffel Tower was to the Paris exhibit
ton Of 1889. The bottle will be In the
center of the ground, and people will
be admitted to the interior. Two
enormous doors will give access to the
ground floor. where there is to be a
winding staircase leading to the neck
Of the bottle, at the top Of which there
will be a large refreshment room.
Leading to the first second and third
floors, there will be two spacious stair
cases, each of 100 steps. They will end
about half way up, after which there
will be a terrace. with rOom for thirty
five people upon it, whence a fine view
Of the exhibition grounds and the city
will be obtained. The whole will be
surmounted by a kiosQue in the guise
Of a cork, which will afford shelter from
the sun or rain.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
Duck Farming.

1t is worthy of note that the Chinese
very, very long ago Matched out their
ducks by artificial heat. and the incu-
bators that seem so wonderful to us at
the poultry shows and country fairs
we're an old story in the East long be-
fore our great-grandfathers were born.
1t is likely that we got the domesticated
duck from China, so long ago that we
know not when, and the writer's on nat
ural history content themselves with
telling us that 1t is derived from the
mallard, mixed in some with the
muskduck and the gadwall. and per
haps the black duck. The dOmestica-
ton Of the duck has had an effect the
opposite of that usually produced by
civilization on man, for the mallard is
strictly homogeneous. Waterton, the
naturalist, says the wild duck Is q
faithful husband, remaining paired for
life. while the domestic drake is polyg-
amOlS.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
Brought Together by Fate.

One of the most remarkable Of the
many rOmances of real life was brought
to a close by a recent marriage in New
York. Two years ago Conrad Olden.
hansen, of Nebraska City, Neb.. was
called to Germany by the death of a
relative, he being the only heir to q
large estate. Soon after his departure
his wife procured Il divorce on the
ground of abandonment and married
another man. When O~ldenhausen. up
on his return. learned the facts of the
case, he sailed for Japan, The steamer
was wrecked and he found himself
adrift in an open boat. On the fifteenth
day he met another boat in which a
young lady was alone. The two boats
dashed together and their occupants
were finally rescued. 1t developed that
the young lady was Miss Eslayne, OF
New York, the daughter of a wealthy
She had been shipwrecked while
returning from Japan and, alone in her
boat, was the only survivor. The rest
is the old, old story.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

|. n.,r,ur is an amusing instance
a,..itv with which the High
at +n the honor> and an
,brir Kindred. 4 dispute
/, .,..,u Campbell and Mclean
u.,.r-ending subject. Mclean
allow that the Campbells
t., rirnt to rank with the Nc
T., antiquity, who, he insisted.
1. n,ist,nte as a elan from the be-
L. e the world. Campbell has q
mare Biblical lore than his an
/, End asked him if the Clan
T. lived before the food. "Flood!
(eood:" said Mclean.
| food that you know drowned
| world but Noah and his family
aocKs." said Campbell.
n. you and your food said Nc
(.my elan was before the Hood"
lave not read in my Bible" OBJ
campbell. "of the name of Nc
Eoiug into Noah's ark
r. ark" retorted Mclean in
(,,,. who ever heard of a Nc
"a, had not a boat Of his owu?"
kehold Words.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
THE MANN GUN.

VUIC -IITIIg z IT II 5
used for naval and artillery purposes,
but is is a smaller edition, making the
gun practicable for infantry use. Its
calibre is 1903. 1t has q range of 5000
of 1850 feet a second. A bullet from
it will go through forty inches Of oak.
The weight of the gun Is twenty-five
pounds. Ready for use in the field
with all tools and an extra barrel, it
weight fOrty-five pounds. The Wal
Department is considering the question
of adopting it.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

y Bushels Per Acre. &C. n. u
ku know winter rye is one Of the
(Nn- crops to plant? Well. it is.
|ellS are sure when you plant
+ Monster Rye. That is the uni
y%eriict. Winter wheat from
+ sixty bushels. Lots Of grasses
PycrS for fan seeding. Catalogue
pnpicS Of rye. winter wheat and
P clover free. if You cut this out
Pr it 10 the John a. Salzer Seed
\ Crosse, Wis.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

light that it can be
easily carried by a
single soldier, and
is capable Of dis
charging 120 shots q
minute. When in
operation it is set
up like a photo
era p II i camera.
The InuZZle can be
moved like a gar
den hose and made
to direct 4 stream
of lead upon any
point. 1t has ex-
actly the same prin-
ciple as the Maxim
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
When Travelling,

Whether on pleasure bent, or business,
take on every tripa bottle of Syrup of Figs,
as it acts most pleasantly and eifectuaIly
on the kidneys, liver and bowels, prevent
ing fevers, headaches and other forms of
sickness. For sale in SOC. and ST bottles by
all leading druggists. Manufactured by
the California Fig Syrup Co.. only
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
The Trust After No-To-Bac.

chicago Special.-Reported here to-day that
a large sum of money had been offered for
the FAMOUS tobacco habit cure called No-To-
Bac, by a syndicate who want to take it off
the market. Inquiry at the general offices
revealed the fact that No-To-Bac was not for
sale TO the trust at any price. NO-To-Bac's
success is marvellous. Almost every Druggist
In America sells No-To-Bac under guarantee
to cure tobacco habit or refund money.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

They Are an Expensive Luxury.
Our Government has had fourteen
great Indian wars, which are estimated
to have cost it not less than S150,0O0,-
600, and as much more in private loss
was sustained by individuals.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

! or NE BOY. however THIS may
Been. he never signed the death
n. but attached his trembling sig
to the parchment that set him
|Goy. Desha pardoned his own
" some he was blamed, by others
a. old citizens claim that he i'm
ke!y resigned, but there Is no rec
|!nat effect.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

SpcnCer-lf it does not rain, Whcn you
come up to my house tonight, bring my
umbrella with you.
Ferguson-Why if it does not rain?
Sppnccr-You won't nave to take it
away with you again?-New York
World.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

First boy-I bet Mr.. De Broker feels
cheap.
Second boy-Why?
FIRST boy-I.ast week he paid 5000 for
Il deg and today a 81 dog licked him.
Street L. Smiths Good News.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

/ ,yerv man who goes to a bar.
lfy fears may happen has hap
|at last in England. A schOolmas.
n being shaved when the barber
he razor across his throat, near
lpc of his head. He missed the
~rtcrics. however, and the victim
kpger. No cause can be found
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

hrs not which, may subject you to sea
! On the 'briny deep" Whether you
kcltsuan. an traveller. out for a
kno's 0,hing on the salt water. or even
hi tourist in feeble health. you ought
hr,yiird with Hostetter's stomach
valuable remedy for nausea, collie.
S,S>. acidity II the stomach. malaria.
|ti,m. uoiNuusness and sick headache.
|au adequate supply.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

Pimples are inexpressibly Notifying.
Remedy-Glenn's Sulphur Soap.
Hills Hair and Whisker Dye" Black
or Brown. 5Oc.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

PlSo'S CURE cured me OF a Throat and
Lung trouble OF three years standing.-E.
CADY, Huntington, Ind, Nov. IL. 1894.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

pilun dollars in United States sill
+ ic.t5s, laid end to end. would
distance OF ll4.2S9 miles. or nearly
H. around tie earth.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

We speak Of some mel as all wool
probably because they shrink at nothing.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

Cheyenne, Wyo., boasts of a rooster thai
crows, has three legs, two tails and lays
eggs.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

There are some people who couldn't be
made interesting even as characters in a
novel.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

According to a Frenchman who has been
experimenting, a single hair can carry a
weight of more than six ounces.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

fcr> Of minute Brazilian spider
wen 50 fine that it takes 1000 of
>'el together to equal the diam
! human hair.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

E''efN III the various alphabets of
u vary from II to POP in number.
Pd"ich Islanders alphabet has II,
taIIan 102.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

Mrs. WInslow's SOOTHING SYRup for Children
teethlng; softens the gums, reOuces
sllays pain. cures wind collie. - cents q bottle.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

oa"y belonging to a Mexican wo-
I0S angeles IS a veritable cyclop,
eye beng in the center of its
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18
A MARVELLOUS u
1t Is Portable and Fires 20 shots ii
Minute.

A new gun invented by Hiram s. Max
i'm a accomplish moro in Il minute
than a company Of soldiers. 1t is so
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

cling thed
siil' and h
could
from his !
ening in n
She AN
pity ana
=
your i,n.,I
lenlv .n',1'I
.u Ip Z
in cor, ,y'saI
"'"'Y
deonly,.V'J
and by bs','1
id ms, l ~
obstin.,%"V
-
as ba doo,.I
is easy oHnaI
% do,ro"
-
looked IL
yerod c,,.,y
morvolmon''y
toI,, 49,"
draw;rc,I
and I XII
his hr,,"'"
tic. sloan,
7
l., called |
,ont. ,..,;,oiH
psf somo,A,I
prnoSs ho,I
|
fool u
|
nix mrrn,rI
u. an unool
I'LL
c not
\oo,.
ned ,,0l
/
,cr.knifa, Al
n. tnrno1I
l,st'' soid !
cortain n
i,,S, modnl
the hospi,s}
:, n,;,ih d
20 s,,rc,,I
orr. i. nnrred,l
tic 60 NIL
,bo,I
II, = haliar|
,od
h ISM, Ill
III ,.;,ormI
/, sr, |
and ba,aI
| hofo,.o I'D
|
|nnn,,,..', M
on +ha,,,Y
\ t,,n lrncsS
hall ramx
H. t,,.ol
|, ,.omamhqI
on,,. q N
.n;nr' rho |
III, and n
la - datI
luo,.,,, viii
Ern;,a, or1al
no;cbho}
/, h,an soI
:. n
l., Mic N
[.,..nod mi
Nm I
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

as he decla]
Is easy enoI
done l
it hereI
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

IL lDaper-An
h.. isn't it,
18th charm
It a fly
and held
bpfo,.n Pa
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

Nk. lllurlluI
De- an unaN
|nusual, tia,
s not enter
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

looked in,
vered curja
under
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

TO Suggest
our a prede
lis case sui
'bjGt that
lie 70 belieV
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

=, feel the nj
You make
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-07-18

was obj
asdeeplyid
and had |
III not darl
obstinate |
lieVe What
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-03-06
$2 per Annum, in advance

cost from rs cents to $1.OO per tree.
While fumigatlon costs much more than
spraying for one application, it is very
much more effective and in the long run
is probably as cheap as spraying.
The cost may not seem very great but
when one considers what this means.
coming year after year, with the care
and worry, we see dismal picture for
the orange growing of the future, unless
some means is found for eredicating the
pest.
IS 1T POSSIBLE TO ERADICATE THE WHITE
FLY?
To this | answer yes, most emphatic-
ally. If every evergreen plant in the
State on which the white fly occurs was
cut down and burned, every leaf, this
pest would bother us no more. This
does not mean so much trouble as one
would at first suppose, but it does mean
an enormous amount of hard and careful
work if it is to succeed.
1t will be remem bered that the white
fly passes the winter in the mature larval
condition, fixed immovable to the lower
surface of the leaf They were in this
condition at the time of the first and
second freezes. All orange and other
cltrous leaves were killed and thus, also,
all flies which were on them. The flies
were not killed by the severe cold but by
the shutting off of their nourishment by
the killing of the leaves. The flies do
not occur on the orange twigs but
even if they did these were also killed bv
the freeze. 1t is plain then, that if all
evergreen shrubs on which the white tiv
occurs, which came through the freeze
uninjured or only slightly injured, were
defoliated we would IN all probability
kill the pest out.
Since starting the study of the sub
feet have made careful notes on the
plants on which the white fly occurs
and have found twenty plants on which
1t occasionally occurs On some of these
they develop very readily, as on cape
jessamine, banana shrub, English iyy.
persimmon and um brella tree. On 9TH
ers they occur but rarely and are evident
ly from chance eggs laid by females &C
cidentally alighting on them. Even on
these plants, however, they succeed in
eking out an existence although the
plants are clearly unsuited to them.
Among these plants may be mentioned
the red bay, magnolia, holly, etc.
Of the plants on which the larvae of
the white fly have been found develop
ing, some Is came through the freeze
uninjured or only slightly injured. The
following is list of them:
Cape jessamine, English ivy, banana
shrub, honeysuckle, mock orange (prun-
us caroliniana), red bay, magnolia. bay
Tor white bay( Japan plum Qoquat),
American holly, yupon, cross vine (big.
nonia( yellow iessamine, coontie or
compile, green brier or bamboo vine.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-03-06

regain the leaf again, or to feed. 1t is
in this mature larval stage that we find
all of the white flies at the present time.
They pass from the larva stage into the
pupa, which is very similar to the ma
ture larva and agrees, in forming an
oval or elliptical scale on the lower sur
face of the leaf. About the middle of
March the mature winged insects begin
to hatch and such measures as may be
taken to eradicate the pest, must be
taken before this time. They pass
through some three broods from egg to
mature fly during a year. This is all
that need be said here in regard to the
life history Of the insect. What desire
the reader to particularly note is that in
the winter season when the freezes took
place they were all in the larva stage
| fixed immovable on the lower surfaces of
| the leaves.
sOOTY MOULD FOLLOWING THE WHITE Fly.
The white fly secretes sweet fluid
(honey dew in considerable quantity
and this falling on the leaves and fruits
| furnishes nourlshment for the growth
of the black fungus known as sooty
mould or "smut' which so disfgures
and Injuries the fruit in this disease.
This fungus grows abundantly and is
so invariably present in this disease that
ic hoc hn f11r hxy
which people recognize the disease. The
occurrence of sooty mould, however, is
not sure sign that the white flv is also
present. as the same sooty mould follows
also the white or wax scale. the mealy
bug and other honey dew secreting
insects.
EFFECT OF THE WHITE FLY AND sOOTY
MOULD ON THE ORANGE TREE
The white fly is sucking insect. 1t
penetrates the tissue of the leaf and OBJ
tains it's food from the nourishing Juices
of the plant. They multiply rapidly and
thousands of eggs are laid on every new
leaf that comes out, so that before this
reaches maturity it is shingled over on
the lower surface bv the scales of hun
dreds of developing larvae, drawing their
nourishment from the materials which
go to the support of the tree.
This, however, is not the only drain on
the tree. Their scales are SO abundant
and numerous that the passage of gases
in and out of the plant is greatly
hindered, and the process of assimila-
tion in the plant greatly retarded. Still
this is not all. The sootv mould which
follows the insect forms dense black
coating over the leaves. and so effect
uallv shuts off the light that little or no
assimilation can take place in the leaf,
and this, it must be remembered, is a
vital process in plants as we'll as animals.
The growth of the tree is greatly re-
tarded, and in serious cases is frequently
entirely checked until some relief is
obtained. The blooming and fruiting is
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-03-06
DeLand, Fla, Wednesday, March 6, 1896.

usually light and in very bad cases is
wholly suppressed. The leaves wither
quickly in slight drouths, resembling
blighted trees.
The young fruits early become covered
with sooty mould and are retarded in
their development, frequently never
reaching full maturity. They are usu-
ally smaller than fruits developed under
normal conditions and remain lnsipid
and juiceless. They do not "color up"
normally, and if the mem brane of sooty
mould covering them is quite thick the
fruits partially retain their green color
indefinitely, rendering them unstable.
The black coating of the sooty mould
renders them unsightly and unstable un-
til they are thoroughly washed, which
necessitates considerable expenditure
of time and labor. Even when care
fully washed Ga process which Injuries
the keeping quality of the frult) many
of them, because small and still green in
color, are unfit for market.
The extent of the damage due to this
pest can hardly be realized by those who
have not been in the white fly regions
In many places hundreds of acres are
literally black from the effects of this
pest. Groves are frequently reduced to
such an extent that growers have given
up, abandoned hope and ceased to cul-
tivate their groves.
METHODS OF TREATMENT.
For over year have been making
special investigation of this pest in it's
connection with the sooty mould, and
fortunately several very effective RENE
dies have been discovered.
The rosin wash has been found to be
very effective, and fumigation with
dydrocyanic acid gas l have also found
to be very effective. This progress is
very fortunate, and we were very much
pleased with even this success before
the freeze. With this unprecedented
freeze, however, comes the chance of
years-the possibility of totally eradicat-
ing the pest-doing away once for all
with all the worry and expense of fight
ing this most serious pest year after
year. Think what it means to be con-
tinually fighting pest of this nature,
but fight it you must if it is allowed to
remain. You who have sprayed realize
the difficulty. Rosip wash costs one.
third cent per gallon for material, and
Is gallons are required for one tree at
one spraying. One must spray at least
8 or 4 times per year if anything is to
be accomplished. This thus means
cost of from Is to 20 cents per year for
Add the cost of labor and
the cost will not be much less than from
Is cents to 81. 90 per tree for old trees.
If one fumigates, the necessary outfit of
some or tents will cost from 300 to
400 dollars. The materials for tree 20
feet high will cost some 40 cents. Add
to this the labor, and the treatment will
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-03-06

The white fly or mealy wing (Aleyrodes
citrD think can say without exagger-
alton, is more feared than any other in
sect pest which attacks the orange.
Indeed, in many places it has become
so bad that the industry is very seriously
threatened. Thousands of dollars dam
age is annually done by this disease and
it is spreading so rapidly as to alarm the
entire State. 1t is known to occur at
Citra, Gainesville, Rochelle, Evinston,
Micanopy. Ocala, Crescent City, San
Mateo, Ormond, Orlando. Barlow, Ft.
Meade, Manatee, Ft. Myers and many
other places. It's spread is thus very
general throughout the State.
The late freeze has been very disas-
trous to the white fly as well as to the
orange groves and it is to explain the
condition OF the pest and the means
which may be taken to eradicate it, that
this article is written.
ORIGIN OF THE WHITE FLY.
From whence the white fly came is
not surely known. 1t made it's appear
ance first, so far as | am able to learn,
at Gainesville and Panasoffkee and has
spread from these localities around the
State. 1t may have been introduced
onto the orange from some native plant.
1t is only known to occur in Florida and
Louisiana.
NATURE OF THE WHITE FLY.
The mature white fly is mipute
chalky white insect about 1-16 of an
inch long. each having four wings.
Both sexes are winged In the mature
stage, a point of Importance when we
come to consider the rapidity of spread
of this insect as this enables the female
to fly to a considerable distance before
depositing her eggs, while in the red
scale and other scale insects the female
is wingless, all eggs being deposited un-
der the scales.
Each white fly lays from 20 to so eggs,
which are deposited on the under surface
of the newest and freshest growth of
leaves. The eggs hatch into the larvae,
a wingless stage, provided with legs but
moving about slowly and with diff
Guilty. The larva forms thin almost
transparent oval or elliptical scale on the
lower surface OF the orange leaves and a
few other plants. 1t is only in the early
stages that the larva has the power of
free motion. They molt several times
and finally in the mature stages they
lose the power of changing their posi-
tions. They become fixed in one place
and complete their transformation there.
If they are loosened from this position
they fall off and perish not being able to
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-03-06
How To Exterminate the White Fly.

[By H. J. Webber, Special Agent U. S. Depart
ment OF Agriculture, subtropica1 Laboratory.
Eustis, Florida.1