The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1895-12-04
PAPER AND PAPER MAKING.

Wall paper has been in use in China
for over 700 years.
For 300 years the Chinese have made
waterproof paper.
Handmade paper was always sized
with solution of common glue.
There are over $500 paper mills in the
civilized countries of the world.
The Chinese and Japanese make many
articles out of paper
The manufacture of linen paper mills
in France is said to have begun about
about 1874. sH.
Some wrapping papers are made as
strong as cloth Of a prOportionate thick
ness.
The paper product of the world in 1890
was estimated to exceed 100000 tons.
Until the present century all paper Of
whatever description was made BY hand.
Paper hangings, for use on walls, were
introduced into Europe from the East
in 1875.
A beautiful paper is made in Japan
from the fibrous bark of the mulberry or
paper tree.
The weight of paper is sometimes ma
terially increased by the addition of clay
and kaolin
Water-marks were originally used on
counterfeits.
Papier-mache shoes for horses have
been recently introduced with, it is said,
gratifying results.
The papal bulls of the eighth and ninth
centuries were written on cotton paper
Of fair quality.
The cost value of the paper annually
made in all the countries of the world ex-
ceeds $3.50, 0OO. 900.
Sheets of paper four or five miles long
are now commonly made for the use of
newspaper press
The annual issue of books is estimat-
ed at 100000 of volumes, consuming
$4,000 tons of sized paper.
The pulp from the grinding and cut
ting of the rags is bleached white by the
use of chloride of lime
Even the finest bank note paper, both
in this country and Europe, is made by
mechanical processes.
In Japan paper coats, oiled, and thus
made waterproof, have been in use for
at least ten centuries.
The process of beating, cutting and
grinding rags into paper pulp occupies
from three to four hours.
Water pipes made of paper will keep the
water from freezing much longer than a
metal or earthen pipe.
1t is stated by some authorities that the
wood of the American poplar makes the
best variety of wood paper.
Over 400 patents have been taken out
in England for the manufacture Of paper,
and more than 500 in this country.
Rolls of paper feet wide and fourteen
miles long have been made, the complet-
ed roll weighing over 5000 pounds.
no hoi1 in tLo 70 r>f
straw paper will contain from 1000 to
5000 pounds of straw at the time.
Many of the paper-making machines
Of the present day are over 100 feet long,
and require building to themselves
Blotting paper is wholly unsized, the
lack of sizing enabling it to take UP and
retain the ink of the writing on which it
is laid.
In many parts of China paper shirts are
used by the natives. They are said to be
much warmer in cold weather than cot
ton.
There are said to be in the United Staes
about 1000 paper mills, having more than
5000 machines in almost constant OPERA
ticn.
The cutters in factories where wood is
used for making paper are capable Of
chopping up for use about forty cords of
wood day.
The first paper mill in America was set
at Roxborough, near Philadelphia, in 1890
by William Bradford and William Rit-
tenhouse.
The first hint of paper making in Eu-
rope was in Constantinoplje The pro-
cess was brought from China by way of
Samarcand in A. D. 651.
A patent for the manufacture of wood
paper, or paper made from the pulp of
wood, was issued in England in 1858, and
in America year later.
There is no better way to keep the feet
warm in winter than sheet of ordinary
newspaper wrapped around the foot be-
fore placing it in the shoe.
Too large percentage of clay used
IN the manufacture of paper not only in
CT eases the weight, but renders the paper
weak and liable to be easily torn.
The Chinese rice paper is made from
the straw of the rice plant. By using the
more delicate parts of the straw a fine
fabric has been manufactured
Esparto grass is said to make a better
paper than straw. The product is much
tougher and capable of bearing much
greater strain without tearing.
The first paper made in Western Eu-
rope was manufactured in Spain in I'll.
1t is said that the process came from the
East, being brought into Spain by the
Moors.
Bank note paper is made of the best
quality Of linen rags, the linen being pur
chased in bolts and cut up by machinery
for the purpose Of making pulp.
Paper napkins or handkerchiefs. in
troduced into this country from the East
few years ago, have been in use both in
China and Japan for over 700 years.
Paper shoes, which are said to wear as
we'll as those of leather and to resist
were known in China in the DAYS of Mar
CO Polo.
In the Bodleian Library there is
manuscript written on cotton paper and
dated 1045. This is believed to he the
first dated instance of the use of cotton
paper in England.
Hot calendared" paper is made by
passing the finished product between hot
rollers which iron the paper and give
finish and polish that can be secured in
no other way.
The wasp's nest is constructed of
first class article of papier- mache. made
from the pulp of wood with an animal
glue specially prepared by the wasps for
the purpose.
Rags for paper making are boiled un-
der steam pressure; hundred pounds of
rags are mixed with from to II poundos
of carbonate of soda and half as much
quicklime.
Cane paper, or paper made from the
Southern cane, is excellently we'll adapt