davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
Sherif's Sale.

BY virtue Of two executions TO me dir.
ected from the Clerk of the Dubois Cir.
cult Court, will expose at Public Sale
to the highest bidder, on
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 9TH, 1895,
between the hours Of 10 o'clock a. IN.
and I O'Clock p. IN. OF said day at the
door Of the Court House in Jasper, Du-
bois county, Indiana, the rents and pro-
fits for aterm not exceeding seven years,
the following described real estate situa-
ted in Dubois county and State Of Irdi-
ana to-wit.:
The undivided one-half Of part OF lot
No. eighty six 1851 in the town Of Por-
tersville according TO the plat OF said
town, and bounded as follows. viz !:
Commencing at a point seventy t70l
feet east Of the southwest corner OF said
lot. thence east twenty t20) feet to the
southeast corner Of said lot, thence
north sixty t6O) feet, thence west
twenty (2O) feet, thence south sixty (GOD
feet to the place of beginning, together
with the undivided one hall Of all appur-
tenances thereon. And on failure to
realize the full amount Of said judgments,
interest and costs. | will at the same
time AM place, expose ut public sale the
fee simple Of said real estate.
Taken a. the property Of Christian
SEEMING at the suits Of Thomas Inman
and of John j. Giesler SAID sale will
be made without any relief whatever
from valuation or appraisement laws of
the state of Indiana.
HENRY CASSIDY,
Sheriff Of Dubois County.
TRAyLoR & HUNTER, 'ys for Plaintiff
Nov. Is, 1895.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

Dubois Co. W. &. I. L.. Annua
Convention will convene at Jasper
Nov. %, in the NJ +. Church.
$50 Devotional Exercises,
-. Mrs. Yates
$3.50 Rollcall Of Unions and Minutes
..... Mrs. Belle DeBruler
10: Address of Welcome. .R. NJ
.Milbuln in behalf Of the c. z.
Church and c. +.
1920 Response,
$3.50. Miss Grace McSwane.
1880 Appointment Of Committees.
1O:35 Report Of Local Presidents.
1O:4O Discussion, Duty of Chris
tians. toward the Saloon, led by
Rev. J. I. Bean.
IL: Es>ay-Saloons VS. Schools. :.
....... Bertha Armstrong.
IL 10 Recitation. Miss Belle Cooper.
l. 40 Report of Supis.
III 80 Report Of Cor Sec'y. 80.
$500. Miss Bertha Armstrong.
| :45 Medal Contest Work. ~.
........ LeOra Britain.
II: Noontide PRAYER, $500.
...... Mrs. Elite Greene.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
30 Devotional exercises.
Mrs. Roger.
40 Pres. Address,
Mrs. VI. l.. Hobbs.
:OO"Scientific Temperance" :. i
!: 10 Music, !. Jasper c. +. Choir.
:15 Report of Treas. .....
...... Miss Grace Glezen.
30 "All the Rights she Wants.
Recitation, Miss Lottie Doane.
30 How to Win, =.
Maude Lennon.
40 The influence Of the White
Ribbon on the home" discussion.
.... Mrs. Josie Cooper.
90 Election of Officers.
80 Song God be with You ALL
enediction Rev. Bean.
There will be Gold Medal Con-
st at the Court House at night.
BELLE DEBRuLER, Sec, ".
RS. NJ. l.. HOBBS, Pres.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

and boarding house keepers make
more money the longer court is in
session--at the expense Of the gen
eral tax payer. II the latter class
Throughout the entire State would
inform themselves of the costs they
are paying each three months for
the fun of court, the re- would be an
entire change in the laws governing
the expense of courts by the next
Legislature--even if the Legislature
had to be composed Of majority
who were not lawyers.
The expense Of the last term Of
Dubois Circuit Court lies mostly in
the law, and not i'm any Of the Of
ficers. Court held night sessions
several times i'm order To expedite
business, and did not adjourn ill
about midnight on the last day.
Judge Ely did all he could, after
examining the docket, to lessen ex-
pense, As did all other coart officers.
There were 167 suits disposed of in
the 30 days-an average of nearly
six each day, and over half of these
were contested actions-so it will
readily be seen, that these, in adj
dition to the regular oversight of re-
ports in decedents' and guardians
estates, Were enough to keep any
Judge as busy as a bee in clover
lime.
After all, Republican legislation
Increasing the duration of Court to
i've weeks, and gold-bug tinancier-
ng, by such men as Cleveland.
Sherman, Carlisle, and me-too
3retz, and others in Congress, maxi
ng money scarce, wages low, labor
Uncertain and unsteady, and leaving ,
he farmers, busiIess men and me-
hanics without money to meet their ,
or to purchase ne es-
tiles, thereby given to loaners Of
honey chance to foreclose mort
ages, and harrass borrowers by l
'rced Sheriff sales, is the real cause
the increase in costs, not only OF l
ar court, but Of all the cou;ts
trough the West. The ,mmon 2
eOple should arouse to this fact.
I'D not give their despoilers further :
oportunity to robthem by the forms ?
laws.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

An attorneyin this town has been
in the habit Of reporting that anoth-
er firm were taking cases il court
for $3.50 and making light Of the
same. The same lawyer endeavor-
ed to charge 10 per cent. Tor collect
ing school fund mortgages last court,
when one Of the so-called $3.50
lawyers callct the courts attention
to the fact that under the law in a
certain case they were only entitled
TO 2 per cent. And now the $50
lawyers are laughing at the other
Tor foreclosing mortgage for on
dollar and forty cents, and swear
hey never did as little as that.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

James l.. Francis. Alderman. Chicago,
says: II regard DIR. Kings New Dis
covery as an Ideal palacea for coughs,
colds and lung complaints. having used
IL ~ my family for the last five years. Ia
the exclusion ofphvsician prescriptions
or other preparations.
Rev. John Burgus. kcokuk. Iowa.
writes: II have been minister of the
Methodist Episcopal church for fifty
years or more, ami have never found
anything so beneficial. or that gave me
such speedy relief as DIR. Kings New
Discovery" Try this ideal cough rem
edy now Trial bottles free at NJ. Fried
mans drug store. d
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

NJ. e6itsr:-Can you tell the read
ers Of the CouRIER why the costs Of
the last term Of the Circuit Court
were so large, who was to blame, il
any one? InQuIRER.
The costs of the term was owing
TO its length, five weeks, and this
was rendered necessary BY the trial
Of q number Of small misdemcanors,
which should have been decided in
Justices Courts, but which the
grand july found had not been
done, and 80 indicted the parties,
and some Of these demanded Jury
trials, occupying further time. This
was further augmented by some
jurymen claiming pay fs full day,
while only serving half a day.
The latter are the worst kind Of
kickers, generally, at costs, too, but
raise : row If they are not allowed
double pay.
Extra costs were made in addition
q the last term, by the beginning
Of about thirty civil actions after the
term began, necessitating the en-
ployment Of an extra riding bailiff.
This feature Of law in regard to
time Of FLEEING cases, and fixing day
Of trial, should be repealed by the
next Legislature. II has been a
constant source Of expense to most
Of the counties Of the State ever
since its enactment. When per-
son cannot bring suit in time to
get service before Court begins, it
should 60 over to the succeeding
term.
Circuit Court always costs this
county from $50 to 80 a dsy while
i u in session, and the interests If
the general taxpayer is to have it,
sessions - short rs possible, con-
stslent With administering justice.
u course, attorneys, bailids, Jurors,
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
LICENSE NOTICE.

NOTlcr l. hereby given 10 the citirens o. Jasper.
An and ksinbrdge township Duboi- county. md
that 'he Undersigned . maze Citizen 81 the United
states. all apply 10 the County Commissioner Of
Dabois csuLt, - their next regular session 30
D-cenbeg. l~S5 tor license to retail inioxic asins
liqaor. beer and wine and permit the same to be
drank on the premises. under the provisions u fh.
laws 81 Indians Cover ming such licenses.
The precise location where such liquors are Ia be
sold - 10 the lsKzv foot the ground floor in
the orth etst corner Of the building opening on
Mil street upon lot NO - a. shown the original
plat Of the to~n Of Jasper. Bainbridge townsLip
Dubois county Indiana.
Also at the same time and place will apply for
leave to serve lunches. throw dice. play cards etc
ACGuSs KAEGiN
Nov ls 'n,-3w
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
Brakeman Killed.

Frank Powers, aged thirty two. a
brakeman on the Louisville, Evans
vile and St Louis railroad. was
killed at Huntingburg Saturday af-
ternoon by falling under train in
the yards. He leaves a wife and
three children in Princeton. The
remains were shipped to Carbon
dale. Pa, where his father and
mother reside.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

~Once upon q time certain
gold-bug attorney in Jasper, who as
IN officer failed to live up to his
pledges to the people, and was
beaten at the polls, complained that
the editor Of the COURIER at time
before said gold bug was born, was
said not to have been Democrat
because the gold bug was criticised
Tor his votes in congress adverse to
the cause Of labor. Now this gold
bug would be-boss, goes out OF his
way to take from the COURIER ad-
vertising, and give it to a COMPETE
tor whose manager glorics in hlv-
ing published q Republican paper
up to the first Of last January. The
gold-bug, as q congressman, ac-
cumulated money enough to become
. President Of a Bank, 1T is said
voting himself in BY his own stock.
He ALEC accumulated an enormous
big head, by reason Of little fiat
terry bestowed upon him BY wiley
politicians while he was visiting
Chicago. Is q member of commit
tee on Public Buildings, Of course
looking after the interests of the
government in . case where the
the millionaires Of the windy city
wanted new ten million dollar
government building built there!
The COURIER had not intended
noticing him any further, (for he is
: dead cock in the pit, } but his GO
ing out Of his way to assail our bus
mess seems to justify this little hint,
and there may be more to follow.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

NOTICE H. hereby given Z. the citizens ofJasper
An cambridge township. Dubois county, ind
that the undersigDed . male citizen Of the United
states. all apply to the County Commissioner u
DUBOIS county al their next regular session IN
tpecembef lso5, fcf license Ia retAii fnfoaicsfius
liquors. beer and wine. and permit the o. anne to b.
drank on the premises. under the provisions Of the
Law of Indiana governing such licenses
The precise location where said liquors are 10 be
sold - In the 10xi6 feet room Oh the ground floor
In the northeast corner Of the building opening on
the corner " Sixth and Newton streets on lots n,
20 and ~ - shown on the original plat a the
town OF Jasper bainbridge too n-bp. Dubois county
Indiana
Also at said time and place ~ili apply fos leave
to serve lunches. play cards and throw dice etc
Nov u pJ-N JOHN HEf HElBgcH
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
John A. Riddle Of Greene County

SOnn "A. hlOule OF trreene County,
has preferred charges against County
Supt. J. l.. Cravens, i,r neglect OF
duty, immortality and misconduct
in granting license to incompetent
persons. -Vincennes Star.
From reports it seems most Of the
Superintendent in the State are
suspected Of granting license to in
competent persons, and that many
OF them areincompetent themselves.
The law should be amended SO that
Superintendent must have State
license to be eligible to the office,
and that they should be elected at
general elections by the people, as
other officers are.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

The undersigned hereby gives notice
to all who are indebted to him by ac-
count, to call and settle, either by cash
or note, cash preferred; and To those
who are indebted to him by notes past
due. to come and pay the same by Jan.
l. 1896, or shall be compelled TO put
them in officers hands for collection.
and may have To collect them before that
time. Highest market price will Ike al
lowed, in settlement, for all kinds OF
country produce
GEORGE HAsExouR.
Celestine, July 5. IS 6m.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
LICENSE NOTICE.

NOTicEis hereby given I. The citizens =. Porter.
AN vile. snd .""ne township. Dnh.I. c.nn,,
int fhat The unisrsign-i msr eisi4rn 81 III.
Unii state viii apniv :" III. Issnl, t.trmi..ton
er-"f Dubois coaul, 80 their ncNt feguiar ....i.t
~ l'~remher t~G for . Icen-. TO retail !rg.xt-
eating qars. beer ami sine. aud PERMIT 10. .an,.
'" ~ nrshk 90 me premises. mfsie. the provisions
~ the isws ~ indiana g"vsrning such iic.nses
HE Precise location ~hers ssid liquors are 10 be
80 de IN rvom l6s2o fee, only r.om IN the bu,ld
ina on the west half ~ lot No 49, as .h.~n on
-, "rislnai Pset ~ the to~n ~ ror,srsxiiie Du-
bois county Indiana. JOHN r. RODRi
Nov. Z. NV,
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

The Treasurer Of Dubois county.
MIR. +. A. Bchnert, was here yes
terday and settled with the Treas
urcr Of Satte. Dubois has for many
years been the first to settle-this
year was no exception.-Indiana-
polls Journal, Nov. IL.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
HANDSOME
LADIES'

Are appreciated by everyoDe
Every Lady wants to be handsom.
SO as to be admired. | can ASST,
you in this by furnishing you II.
very newest and most fashionsL,.
styles Of handsome
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

Program Of the Columbia Tp.
Teachers Institute to be held at
Crystal, Ind, Dec. &, 1895:
Arithmetic (page y
....... VIM. A. Crowder.
Reading (page 7)....J b Pierson.
Language (page ~
Mrs. Nina Alexander.
Method (page - Mrs. Mary Miller.
Geography page On. b. Simmons.
Arithmetic (page y
......J. w. Simmons
Shakespeare. w. w. Parsons.
Reading. Harry Ballard.
Language. ~. Miss Rella Lane.
WV. A. CRowDER, Pres. pro TEN.
NINA ALEXANDER, Sec'y. pro tenn.
Program Of the Cass TIP. Teach
cr's Institute to he held at Holland.
Nov. %. 1865:
Gen Method (s). VIM. Wellman.
f. w. Katterjohn.
Language. 49,. 49,. "A. NJ. Seidl.
Oscar Cooper.
Shakespeare. Z. Ed. r. Hildebrand
Anna Werremeyer.
Rcading.. 49,. G.. H. Never.
Ed. II. Kunz.
Geography -. RI. Hoffman.
Chas. j. Schwcrtzcr.
En-. II KUSz, Pres.
ANNA WERREMEyER, Sec'y.
~very fine winter apples are
being brought in ct Is cts. q bushel.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

~very fine winter apples are
BEING brought in ct % cts. q bushel.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

Chas j. Schwcrtzer.
En-. II kUSz, Pres.
ANNA WERREMEyER, Sec'v.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
First County 10 Settle.

Dubois county is keeping up its
reputation Tor promptness in set
thing with the state treasurer. At
the May settlement il was the first
county To settle with the state i'm
full, and yesterday Treasurer Ed.
A Bohnert settled in full with Treas
urer Scholz for the December set
Element .-Indianapolis Sentinel
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
Louisville, Evansville & ST. Louis
Consolidated R. R.
THE AIR Line"
53 Miles the Shortest 50
Between Louisville & St. Louis.
The Preferred Route to the
East and West.
EVANSVILLE DIVISION.

B II IS 81 Is "A
pm. am. am. nm n m am
40 SIS 1915 Lv. Jasper Ar. $40 $40 as
Mob Nos
$40 6.4s lilo Lv. Huburg Ar. 800 25O SIS
$50 40 ll.45 = Lincoln " 80 ALI Nh
1000 y.B 1913 Ar. Eva'ville Lv. 500 los 10
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15
Comets or
MNtS,

Purchased at low wholesale nr;o.
after thoroughly examining ~
leading styles and prices. and !
give my customers the benefit >,
the low prices secured. Can !,
the Millinery Emporium on the COZ,
ner OF Main and Fourth streets
Jasper, Ind, (Miss Friedman g.,
mer store,) and see how much >
stylish, becoming bonnet, will add
to your appearance. II vii, 10 :
pleasure to show you the STYLES
whether you buy or not.
Sept. ,, ,.,.,.-; Emma Leming.
- - '@'-'.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

WV. A. CRowDER, Pres. pro tenn.
NINA ALExANDER, Sec'y. pro tenn.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

The Democratic Treasurer Of Du
bois county does not speculate or
public funds, and consequently il
anxious 10 turn over theState's por
ton Ia the state as soon as possible
after collection. Treasurer Bohnerl
returned Wednesday from making
settlement with State Treasurer
Scholz. As usual, ne was the first
to make settlement. The Indiana
polls papers notice it thus:
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1895-11-15

Program Of the Cass TIP. Teach
cr's Institute to be held at Holland.
Nov. %. 1865
~. Msll <S> a., a., =,
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1895-03-16

Political statisticians are at logger
heads over the respective amounts ap-
prspriated by the so-called Reed con-
gross aud tho nameless aggregation
which recently evacuated Washington.
The Democrats made veiv loud and
oft repeated howl over Ike "Bilion dol
lar" appropriations OF the Reed congress
and mournfully reechoed 1t by asserting
that the country would be bankrupted II
the Republicans were not turned down
and out. The appropriations turned
out to be just adequate to pay the run.
ming expenses econ omicaly admins
tered
But the people wanted change and
Democrats were put in power in con-
gress. AT the session just closed not.
withstanding the general depression In
business and marked reduction Ia gov
eminent expenditures, says the Detroit
journal. thess economical Democrats ex-
travagantly appropriated for divers pur.
poses 81, 004, O0O, 900. or SIG, 900, 900 more
than was appropriated by the "Billior
dollar" congress which they so vehe
mently berated.
This enormous sum would have been
greatly increased had 1t not been for the
newspapers which protested against the
impending raid on the treasurer.
Chairman Dockery says The
responsive criticisms of the press
awakened the Indignant protests
OF the people. The riotous assail-
ants OF the treasury began to waver and
finally broke into rou: and surrendered
their demands, and by this rout the
treasury was saved Il sum that would
have made tho total appallingly excess
Sive.
The Fifty-irst congress was misery
compared with the Fifty third
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1895-03-16
SIXTEEN comMASDmENrs.


In the course Of his extended and use.
full career New York business man has
by observation and experience proved
the value OF number Of things, the
good Of which knowledge he is pleased
to share with others. He has summed
some OF these up 10 a little card upon
which are printed the following sixteen
good rules fo- success In life:
Keep good company or none. Never
be idle.
1. your hands are not usefully en-
ployod attend to the cultivation Of your
mind.
Live up to your engagements. Keep
your own secrets, II yon have any.
When you speak to a person look him
in the face.
Good company and good conversation
are the very slnews Of virtue.
Good character Is above all thugs else.
! Ever live tmisfortunes excepted with
In your income.
Make no haste to be rich If you w,uld
I prosper.
y Never play any game OF chance
Earn mouey before you spend it
I Never run into deb, Euless you 500 a
way TO get oct again.
Neve. borrow Il you can possibly
avoid 1t. ~
Do not marry Gasii you are able to
support wife.
Ba-Ess eefsve y0I are generous
+ Be temperate In AL things.
save wheo yea are goars 70 spend
shsz v5a are clG.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1895-03-16
CURRENT TOPICS.

Paderewski will give the proceeds Of
his concert at LEIPZIG on the lsth to the
fund for erecting statue 70 List al
Welmar.
The state Of New Hampshire is the
tirs, to fix an age Of consent FER boys
is years being the age. II is on the
principle that an unsophisticated boy
needs protection the same as girl.
The returns OF the various Methodist
bodies give a total membership through
GU, the world Of e.456,9 900 persons, and
as, s04 recognized ministers.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1895-03-16
List OF Patents.

Granted to Michigan inventors thi:
week, Reported by G. A. Snow d Co,
Solicitors Of American and Foreign
Patents, Opp. U. 5. Patent Office, Wash.
ington, ID. G.
G. d. Albee and II. j.. Wlxsob, Cold
water. harness. +. Aldrlch, Detroit,
car seal and tag. o IL. Arpsr, Three
Rivers, staad-pipe for locomotives. l..
Baker. East Saginaw, sectional boiler.
+. ). Butler, Grand Rapids, letter-box.
G. A. Day, Kalamazoo, muscle-testing
machine. }. Donovan, Three Rivers.
potato-bug catcher. ). Il. Jackson,
Weston, wire fence G.. A. Roberts and
j. Donovan. Three Rivers. potato di gger.
A, j. Shaw. Muskegon. rheostat.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1895-03-16
BOW AND ARROW.
Tho Alleged Feats of the Ancient Archers
--Mahmoud Ef7endi's shot.


--Mahmoud ETendIs shot.
From their pcrishable nature the
bow and arrow shaft have utterly dis
appeared, but the arrowhead has come
down to us by thousands in the river
drift and cave deposits which experts
place ut hundred thousand years ago,
says the London News. With this our
very remote ancestors used to Stay the
mammoth, the woolly rhinoceros, and
the rcindeer--animals whose like our
sportsmcn of to-day pursue with ex-
press rifles and explosive bullets In
due time the bow became n finished
weapon, and savage men grew to use
1t with great skill, both in hunting
and in war. The bowmans prowess,
however, was rot so great as it has
been represented by writers OF fiction,
and there is little doubt that just as
the runner or the boxer OF to-day could
beat the athlete of antiquity, SO the
bowman even of these days, when
shooting is but pastime. could easily
beat the redskin or the African in feats
Of skill. 1t is at the target, however,
that he would excel, not in the forest,
for his woodcraft would not enable
him to get the opportunity OF drawing
his bow.
Neither savage nor modern tox-
ophilitc, however, can hope to come up
to the record Of Mahmoud Effendi, sec
rotary to the Turkish ambassador in
England In 1905, who. with Turkish
bow, shot an arrow four hundred and
righty-two yards in the presence of
three members of the Toxophilite so
ciety. Before snch n range rs this 1t Is
not SO surprising to be told OF an arrow
that pierced two inches Of brass, or of
another that, being shot by Welsh
archer at mn armed .aan on horseback,
struck him on the thigh, pierced his
armor, his leg, his leather saddle, and
killed his horse.
The bow and arrow wns ut its height
at the battle Of Floddcp in 1913. when
the Scots yielded before the shower OF
shafts which the bowmen poured upon
them, but already the knell OF the fine
old arms had sounded. In 1914 Lord
Hubert, Of Cherbury, In discussing q
war with France, speaks OF the change
OF weapons, and when once the hand
gunners- and 'gunpowder" carc into
use the craft Of bowyer and the vnlor o.
bowmcn became obsolete.