davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

eording TO the wealth or the generosity
of the master. Sometimes they would
work fifty acres to n hand, but that was
excessive cruelty. and such planters were
universally condemned. That system
meant 100 slaves for n 3.000-acrc planta-
ton, 100 or 100 for IL 5,00O-acrc planta-
lion, and 300 or 400 slaves for 10000
acres. Nowadays much of the land is
allowed to lie idle. The owner retains
POO or 800 acres around his residence
for his own use. and farms the rest of the
place, or as much of it as he can. on
shares: and the extent of its cultivation
is usually governed by the character of
the land and the character of the land
lord.
To a large extent the tenants to-day
are the same men and women who lived
upon the place as slaves; and they cult
yate the same soil rs frecmcn that they
lid in bondage. some of them being the
better and others the worse for the
change. And TO Il remarkable degree the
same relations exist between the en-
ployer and the cmploycd-thc patriarchal
system of communism and dependence
which is often admirable, but sometimes
degrading and oppressive.
The %uncducatcd negro is a thoroughly
domestic animal, and when he once forms
m attachment for a place it is difficult
10 drive him away. Sometimes the rest
loss. Maynard ones wander off from the
old plantation and are gone for years, but
hey will invariably claim Il residence
there and usually come back sooner or
later, and expect to be taken on and given
work again. This rule applies only to
those plantations where the people were
well treated in slave times and since, and
where the property has been retained by
ne same owners. Often when q place is
sold, II the negroes do not like the APP
Qearance or the behavior of the purchas-
or, they will e%vacuatc in a body and build
cabins upon the land of some kindlicr
man in the ncighborhood whom they
Anow. or who may be related to their old
master.
When the ties of personal attachment
are cut it does not take them long to move.
A couple of men can build a cabin in
three or four days with no tools but an
ak 10 hcw and trim the wood and Il trowel
20 handle the mortar in building the chin
ley.
1t was also the rule for plantations up
on which there were hard masters TO be
entirely abandoned during the war, and
When emancipation came. and many of
Ihom nave never been repopulated. There
are many farms in the South upon which
no negro is willing to work for any wages
or under any conditions. Those farms
We're the scenes Of crueltics during slav-
cry and are curscd-tabooed forever. And
mere are certain men who can never
h're negro labor. If a negro should con-
cent TO work for them he would be boy
'otted by his race; he would be turned
OUT OF the church and ostracized in every
way. The prejudices and the vindictive-
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
n p WAY.
Something Of the Construction of Thia
Celebrated Road.

Visitors to Rome find the Appian
Way the most fascinating study Of the,
ancients. From it's commencement in
the Forum out to F%rascatti, fifteen
miles, it was known as Via Sacra, and
for much Of the distance it's sides were
the burial ground of the rich and WELL
TODD. More than 10000 600 persons
found sepulcher along its course, and
as the interment was by night the
flaming torches of the burial parties
were so numerous that at n distance it
resembled q gala occasion instead Of
the most solemn of terrestrial ceremo4
MES. The obseQuies took place nine
days after death and were gruesOme
indeed. Hired musicians played
mOurnful airs, a clown took off TIL.
dead mans peculiarities and the fe-
male mourners gave loud utterance to
their grief, beating their breasts and
tearing their hair. With the wealthy
the body was carried on an ivory
couch and covered with gold and pur-
pie.
Appius Claudius, censor Of Rome,
commenced the construction of the Ap-
plan Way 2,208 years ago. In the way
of road building it never has had an
equal. 1t was the greatest engineer
ing triumph Of the Romans. The ex-
pense Of it's construction exceeded even
that of the viaducts. Mountains had
to be cut through, valleys filled up,
ravines bridged and swamps embarked
to give Rome q perfect highway to tho
sOuthernmost point of Italy. The road.
bed was of the most substantial char
acter. The excavation was carried four
feet and the loose soil was carefully re-
moved. Then a roller was employed
to harden the floor Of the excavation.
Upon this bed were placed four layers
of stone cemented with lime. The
upper or surface stone consisted Of
basaltic lava, a foot in thickness and
of the hardness of flint. 1t was cut
with six sides and so accurately joint
ed that it looked as if it were q solid
mass. 1t is twenty-five centuries since
it was laid and to this day in spots it
is as good as when the road was opened
to the triumphant legions of Rome.
About the city the roadway has been
macadamiZed, but at Terracina and in
the Forum you can see the same blocks
that sustained the Roman chariots cen
turtles before the birth of Christ.
One of the most impressive specta-'
cles along this highway is the Tomb Of,
Caecilia Metalla, built 1900 years ago.
1t lies two miles outside the ancient
gates on an ominpncp overlooking tho
Campagna, is circular in form, with,
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
NEW STREET SWEEPER.
Cleans the Pavement, Collects, Carries
OFF and Dump s the Dirt. .

Col. Waring has introduced a Boston
innovation that is likely to go a long
way toward solving the problem Of
how to clean the streets cheaply. 1t
Is a machine that sweeps the pavement,
collects the dirt, carries it off and
dumps it. All the help required is one
man and three horses.
The business part of the machine
consists of one big rotary broom exact
ly like that in use upon the ordinary
two horse sweeper, one small rotary
broom placed behind the big fellow. an
endless chain of scoops or buckets and
IL dirt bin about the size Of an ordinary
dump cart, all mounted upon a four
wheeled truck, to be drawn by three
horses. When the outfit gets to work
upon Il dirty pavement the big broom
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

an embattled top, seventy feet high
and sixty feet in diameter. 1t was
built Of brick and the outside coated
with travertine marble which was re-
moved during this century to adOrni
the Fountain of Trevi. The walls arc
twenty-five feet thick. and within the
tower is a circular d%ome-shaped cham.
Der fifteen feet in diameter. Here rest
ed the remains of Caecilia Metalla, wife
of Crassus, the son Of the celebrated
Triumvir. At different periods it,
served as a fortress and has stood sew
eral sieges. Not far from this sepul-
cher is the spot where 5000 Christians
We're put to death by the Romans be-.
cause they would not urn pagan. The
scene Of the massacre is marked by u
slab recounting the fate OF the mar
tyrs.
Another striking tomb bordering tho
Appian Way is the Pyramid of Caius
Cestius, a patrician and statesman who,
died II B. c. The style is Egyptian
and the material is brick, which is
covered with marble blocks. The top
is ninety feet from the ground. Its
ancient character is heightened by the
Gate of st. Paul, which it adjoins. and
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

which is one of the best preserved Of
the entrances to the walled city. The
gate is even older than the tomb and
is an object of surprising interest 10
the tourist. 81. Iaul's Church. next to
st. Peters. the most magnificent in
Rome, is beyond this gate on the Ap-
plan Way. Near it st. Peter and st.
Paul babe farewell to each other.
Farther along is the Church of Dom
inie Quo Nadis where. when st. Peter
was fleeing from the death OF Il mar
tyr, our Lord ~miraculously appeared 10
him In human form and ~admonished
him to go back and face his prosecutors
and give up his life for the sake of tina
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

ter images. pillow shams, embroidered
counterpanes and fancy table cloths;
bright-cOlored pictures in gilt or silver
frames and every variety of article that
please the eye and the palate. Then,
when the cotton money is expended. the
entire u of the family are exhaust
ed, and the remainder of the year they
live upon credit or upon little things they
can sell. Perhaps the old man will cut
a load of wood and trade it for dry goods
or groceries, or the old woman will save
up her eggs and chickens and take them
to town, but such sources of supply are
meager and unreliable.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

ton, and have been unchanged since the
war. Business follows II universal Gus
tom and is conducted entirely upon faith
and the knowledge of the habits of men.
There are one-mulc farms and twO-mule
farms and four-mule farms. Area is not
measured by acres nor by the labor of
men, but by the number of mules employ
ed.
A negro rents from his old master or
his landlord as much land as he can cult
ate with one mule, and the annual rental
is one bale of cotton. If he has two mules
he takes as much land as he can cultivate
with them, and the rental is two bales of
cotton, and so on. A one-mule farm is
usually about forty acres, and 4 two
mule farm from eighty to Il hundred acres.
A man can cultivate more than twice as
much land with two mules as with one,
because he has two or three "hands" to
help him, and their combined effort can
accomplish more thar if they are working
independently. Men, women, boys and
girls work in the fields together. and they
pillow also with steers, cows and heifers:
but in estimating the rental nothing but
a mule or a horse counts.
In addition to the land the tenant re-
ceives credit from his landlord, or from
some supply store upon the latter's in
dorscment, to the extent Of 81 a month,
or S4S a year. for every mule he works.
That buys his seed, his fertilizer, his
implements and tools and necessaries of
life, such as sugar, tea. coffee and tobac-
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
A LOAD OF GEORGIA PRODUCE.

co for his family. The rest of his iood
he is supposed to raise himself. and he
wants little more thar cornmeal, bacon,
eggs. chickens and the vegetables of his
garden.
At the end of the season all the crop is
taken 20 the gin house-there is one upon
almost every plantation-wherc, after the
cotton is ginned, the landlord first takes
ont enough to settle the store account and
his own bale or bales for rental. Then
the tenant has what is left to dispose of
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

IeSS OF the colored people are as deep
,ooted as their attachments and their
loyalty.
nat after emancipation a large ma
(orIty OF the slave population in the cotton
pei' remained in the old cabins or built
lew ones upon the old plantation, and
''eir children are now working the lands
'lelr fathers anti Grandfathcrs titled. re-
1c''lng a share of the crop for their labor,
~ rather. in the way they are pleased to
consider II, paying a share Of their har-
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
Fish.

Fish ought to be very plentiful and
cheap, and most of them grow and
increase without any are from
1t is said that each founder, for in
stance, produces many millions Of
eggs. The sole produces 100000 Of
eggs. Il plaice not less than 5000, 900,
with the deposition of IL 600 900 or
100000 eggs.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
Measured by Mules.

Macon, Ga, correspondence:
The tenant system in the cotton belt is
nnioue. Before the war the agricultural
sections of the State were divided into
extensive plantations-3,OOO, 1000, 5000
and sometimes 10000 acres, owned by one
man. under a single management, and
worked by gangs of slaves, male and fe-
male. directed by overseers. with a field
hand" for every thirty or forty acres, ac-
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
ROYAL Table Manners.

That spicy little London journal,
Modern Society, has been having fun
again with the royal family, this tim
over their table manners. The follow
ing paragraph and cut are self-explan-
atory:
"a week or so ago we inserted Il
Paragraph explanatory of the way the
royals leave their knives and forks
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
"Let the Shin Walk"

Every one who has been seasick will
appreciate this request of Il child:
a passenger on board of a steamer
from Sydney to Melbourne overheard
II seasick little four-year-old girl say to
her mother: 30. mamma, please do
let the ship walk"
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

upon their friends, is that they still own
the old plantation. and that he is their
overseer or agent in charge.
Farms are not rented by acres and very
rarely for cash, and there is seldom any
lease or contract or memorandum. Be
tween white and black men such papers
are unknown. The unwritten laws of
lcaschold are the same all over this soc
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

erly be included with the necessaries of
life. Then they invest in tinscl jewelry
and b~right-colored fans. photograph al
buns, for which they have no photo
graphs; books, with SNOWY bindings,
which they annot read: clocks, from
which they cannot tell the time, and Dlas-
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
To Clean Oil Paintings.

Wipe the picture off With n soft wet
cloth. no soap. and then ruo them gent
ly with 4 raw potato. Potato does not
the varnish; it simply cleanses.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

after meals. AS we have been mum
dated with letters asking for Il more
graphic description of the manner
adopted by the Queen. the Prince ct
Wales, etc, we give an illustration
above, which goes to show how Ger
manized the royal family Of England
has become even in so simple Il matter
as conducting themselves at table.
1t is utterly at variance with English
notions of good breeding"
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

as he pleases. 1t may be five bales or
two or half a bale, or there may be moth
ing whatever coming to him for the whole
seasons labor. With a good crop he
ought to harvest from six to ten bales on
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
SHARE IN THE PROFIT
uOw NEGRO FARMERS TILL THE
SOUTHERN SOIL.

n,d Plantations Cut Up Into Small
Farms, Each Worked by a Tenant
Who Pays the Landlord a Portion
of the Crops.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16
SINGER.
80 Yaw,Is n.
Known. me

=. n1aw'rsth.
b girl has ever
[l 10, ablaze with
pr her talent az
I Ellen Beach
L a native Of
|ornia. Trans.
'. in scope
singer ho
lived, with a
of voice
| stands alone
soprano of the
range of near.
below the staff
accompanying
'~oinparison Of
l'lstllieN Nilsson
T notable ele.
Fide its range
|. quality, its
Color. Her
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

ut the slight,
o in.
the
ent, so per-
II organ pro.
rs.
girl.
hair dreamy
Of the fines,
in the Over
[ is as Ul.acp.
+ pOiSe and
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

'If it Is nicer to be Il man than il IS
to be il woman, it must be hell to be a
WOman."-TarSon Irvine.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-05-16

indicator,
order sig
| steamer
/ a drum,
Re hours,
art, con-
word OF
use. and
| a min
IN. il is
The in
e posi-
between
case OF
Fy men
eStions
slave''
d then
after.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
Prohibition Concerts.

B. L. lockwood, president National
Junior Prohibition League and the
Nationals Prohibition Concert COM
pany will hold forth at the opera house
in this city, on Friday and Saturday
nights, Jan. 25th and 26th, at 7:30
o'clock, in the interests of the Prohi-
bition party. BY some, Mr.. lockwood
is called "The Young John B. Cough
of America" r. S. Thompson, of The
New Era, Springfield, Ohio, comments
as follows on the ability of Peter F.
Stair, Manager of the Nationals"
An excellent singer and possessed
in an extraordinary degree of the fac
ulties which make successful singer
in campaign work. In this line / do
not know of his equal in the United
States. Let everybody come and hear
the Nationals. COMMITTEE.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24

Nicholas Graber purchased, on We'd
nesday, two fine thoroughbred short
horn animals from the Lombardy Park
herd, of John Correll--a bull weighing
256O pounds, and a four year old heifer
weighing l770 pounds. Nick thinks
they are the kind of cattle to raise to
sell at best prices.
Hear the quartette play upon the
165 Silver Swiss Bells, at the city hall,
Jan. %
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Bennett started
on Monday, 1or Crede, Colorado, after
a months visit with relatives and old
time friends in this section.
The many friends OF Miss Hannah
Mauger are glad to welcome her return
from Milwaukee.
Joseph +. LaMalle has accepted a
position with the new clothing store in
this city.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
Post and Corps Installation.

The joint installation services of
Geo. II, Legate Post and Geo. h.
Legate Woman's Relief Corps, occurred
at their headquarters (Odd Fellows
hall on last Friday evening.
Past Commander Calvert Spensley
was installing officer for the Post and
Past Commander d. E. Jacobs officer
of the day.
Mrs. Puffer, of Monroe, Past De-
partment President, installed the Corps
officers, Mrs W. G. Hales acting as
conductress.
The post officers were first installed,
as follows:
Commander b Y. PrideauX,
S.N. Cons. e. Shepard
J. V. Com.-Jas. Ramsden.
Surgeon-J. IL. Vivian.
Quartermaster-Gco Jeuck.
Chaplain-J. c. Martin.
Officer of the Day. b. PrideauX.
Officer of Guard Ernest Nach.
Adjutant-W. H. Bennett.
Sergt Major-James Hcare.
q. NJ. Serg't-Chas. NJ. Cox.
The following officers of the Corps
were next installed:
Presdent-Mrs. Charlotte L. PrdeauN.
s. V. PreS.-Miss Amy Vivian.
j. V. Pres.-Mrs. Elizabeth Cox,
Treasurcr-Mrs. L. Belle Wright.
Secretary-Mrs, Mary Snow.
Chaplain-Miss Kate Hughes.
Conductress-Mrs. NJ. E. Priestley.
Asst. Conductress-Mrs. Amelia Nancolas.
Guide-Mrs. L. Wearne.
Guard-MrS. Lib. Osborne.
The installation ceremonies were
interspersed with vocal and instrument
tai music Mrs. Homer Snow presided
at the organ. Mrs. w. A. Jones, of the
entertainment committee, announced
the program. Mrs. w. J. Curry de-
lighted the company with recitation
"The CoQuette Punished" Past Com
mander DR.. John H. Vivian was called
upon and responded with a brief
touching address, Songs were sung
by Mrs. M. +. Priestley, Miss Annie
Phillips, and Messrs. Williams, Hughes
and Kober
The comrades gathered around "Old
Glory" borne aloft by the oldest mem
Der of the Post Comrade Thomas
Gardner, sr., and sang "Rally Round
the Flag Boys" as soldiers only can
sing it. The occasion was truly an
affecting one, and brought back men,
ories of the days when the soldier boys
marched to the front.
The banquet served by the members
of the Corps, was all that could be
wished for, and was enjoyed by nearly
two hundred persons.
On the whole the affair was one of
pleasantest of the many pleasant .ocial
events of the season.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
Church Services for Sunday.

Church Services for Sunday.
Divine services will be held rs fol
lows on Sunday next:
METHODIST EPISCOPAL.
Rev, II. W. Straw, pastor. Glass meeting
Mt o, Morning service at 1880. Sunday
School at 900. Epworth League ut o: 30,
Evening service Mt T:30
PRIMITIVE METHODIST.
Rev. y. Il. 0hubE, pastor. Morning service
at 1880 Sunday School session nj 900.
Evening service nj 700. Young Mems meet
Ing nt0 100 n m.
Pastor will preach morning and evening,
Subject Of morning sermon, "iiow TO
Shine" evening sermon, THE SulkIng
Brother"
Praise service In the chapel ut 6;I5,
TRINITY EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Rev. March Chase rector, Morning prayer
and sermon nj 1880 Sunday school mt 900
Evening prayer, with sermon, Mt Z 30
ST. PAUL'S CATHOLIC CHURCH.
Rev James O'Keofe, pastor, High mass
with sermon, Mt 10 n. m.
ST. MARY's CATHOLIC CHURCH.
Rev. John Il, lIalbalkenn, pastor Early
mass Mt O'Clock. High mass at 1000. Yes
pers at 300,
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
Schmidt MCidentellcr.

Married at st. Mary's Catholic
church, in Mineral Point, by Rev. j.
Halbalkann, ON Thursday morning,
Jan. "A, Mr.. Matthew Schmidt and
Miss Annie Weidenfeler. The groom
is farmer OF the town Of Kendall,
Lafayette county; and the bride is u
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Philip
Weidenteller, sr, of this city, and
is very highly esteemed.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
The Public Library.
"a County Democrat

10 Tho Iowa County Democrat
Too much cannot be said in favor Of
the members of the public library in
establishing u free reading room for
the men and women of Mineral Point.
The room, although not large, is well
lighted, neatly furnished, and kept in
u cleanly and orderly manner, and is
supplied with carefully selected read
ing matter, embracing number of
the best periodicals and magazines.
and volumes devoted to history, litera-
ture, biography, science, fiction, etc.
There are 80 many young men who
had either to spend their evenings in
saloons, with its inviting warmth, or
standing around on street corners, that
now have thanks to the Free Libra
ry "a pleasant, warm, inviting room,
under the management of the
obliging librarians rs care takers.
Now, Mr.. Editor, II l understand,
this subject, the library and SO much
needed reading room will be handed
over TO the city rREE of all expense
to the city for TWO years; and don't you
think united effort Of our two papers
showing the many and manifold bless
ings of the New Reading Room to
men and women, old and young,
should reconcile the tax payers after
the expiration of TWO years to the
payment of very small tax (say one
mill on the dollar) towards the future
support of the library? A tax payer
who pays 800 taxes--would pay 81
towards the maintaience of library
$50 would be 50 cts. and so on, From
u small outlay what splendid results
would be achievedP
A CITIZEN or MINERAL POINT.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
Fine Cohecs.

Beiag the regular agent for the
Howard w. Spur coffee company, |
am enabled to offer the Java and
Mocha at less price than Chicago firms
sell at wholesale, also offer their Java
and Mocha blend ut corresponding
prices. DAVID JACKo.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
AnuSelnentS.

After an absence of nine years, that
grand old time tried company, the
Swiss Bell Ringers and comic speciality
company will be at the city hall,
Jan. 30
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-01-24
Special Notice.

Deeming 1t best for myself and
family to seek some warmer climate, |
have concluded to dispose of my
business MS soon as possible, and
would request all persons indebted to
me to call and settle their accounts
immediately, rs must get away by
the first Of February,
y. i. DEAlIoFE.