The record-union., 1895-11-23
FARM And ORCHARD.
The Bacteria Which Causes Milk
to Sour.
Profit in the Black Walnut Tree-Care
of stock-MIIdew on Rose Bushes
Reas.

weighs 80 POUNDS anu ~ OuuCeS, WHICH
is equivalent to the weight of one and
half bushels of ordinary potatoes.
A cornstalk may remain in the
ground a year without being decom-
posed, but cut it up and add it to the
manure heap and it becomes an excel
lent absorbent, prevents loss of manure
and soon decomposes.
Bacteria, those microscopic forms of
plant life which produce the ripening
changes in cream, not only grow and
Increase with alarming rapidity, but
each exudes minute drops of acid,
which is so sour that none of the COM
mercial acids can compare with it.
Neither atmospheric change nor the
quantity of electricity during thunder
showers causes the milk to sour, but the
bacteria, to which we now attribute
souring of milk, grow and multiply best
during the warm, sultry period immed1-
etely preceding the electrical storms.
Black walnut is becoming less abund-
ant every year A large tree near
Washington, D. c., was sold recently
for $500 and the products of the tree
(used for furniture, etc. brought 81
600 Even the roots were valuable. 1t
takes many years to realize from young
walnut trees, but those who will plant
them viii benefit the next generation.
There are four prominent mutton
breeds of sheep, all of which may be dis
tinguished by black or dark faces-t!s~
SCuthdOWnS, Oxford Downs, Shropshire
Downs and Hampshire Downs, the
down" being now dropped from all but
the Southdown. The Southdown is
smaller in size than the others, but is
considered superior in quality of flesh
q 9
scanty pasturage.
When straw is sold off the farm there
is a loss of fertility from the soil. 1t IS
estimated that the value Of the sub
stances in a ton of straw that are ca
pable of supplying plant food is over ST;
yet farmers will haul ton of straw q
mile or two to market and sell it for less
than that sum; the return load being
straw and manure from the stables,
which possesses but little more value
than the clean straw hauled from the
barn.
Fourteen Strawberries to the quart is
the latest on record in small fruit cult
IRE, made by a New England woman.
who has a fruit ranch in San Diego and
who has achieved remarkable success in
fruit culture through careful expert
mentation.
Experiments the past season show
that brushing clover seed or sowing
u on the surface results in a great loss
of seed, and is the cause of many fail
ures. Covering the seed from half an
inch to an inch has been found an adj
vantage.
Frost bells are toIIed in some districts
of France when frost is threatened.
Immediately the inhabitants place
quantities of tar between the rows of
vines. The tar is lighted and dense
volumes of smoke arise, thus protecting
the vines.
A writer advocates preserving corn in
alright bins. He says that less care
is taken of the corn than of any other
Erain the farmer raises. He also holds
that no other grain is injured more by
exposure to storm and other misuse.
If you are feeding any stock with the
idea of making a profitable gain of
flesh, see to it that they are well pro-
tected from storms and cold in the ap-
preaching months Of winter. You can
not feed them profitably otherwise.
Nothing in the whole system of stock
management has been more thoroughly
proven than this.
Cows in milk will consume nearly 80
per cent. more water than the same
COWS when not giving milk. The New
York Experiment Station found on an
average of several breeds that each
drank 1.039 pounds of water and con-
Sumed 5I4 pounds more of food per
per month was 1,660 pounds drank and
T74.S pounds consumed in food.
When plants, roses, etc, are at all
affected with mildew, sprinkle the
foliage with water. then dust on flour of
sulphur quite thickly and allow it to
stand for a few days, when it may be
Tinsed off, but is to be renewed if neces-
sary.
When watering plants or trees, re-
member that a superficial sprinkling
will start a growth of new rOOtlets near
the surface Of the ground which a hot
sun may kill easily. Put on sufficient
water to thoroughly soak the ground
about the roots.
Hard or easy, a stump should be re-
1aoVed as soon as the ground is put in
cultivation, says a farmer. Before the
stumpS are rotted out one will lose, in
Cultivating and harvesting among
them. five times as much time as will
remove them at the beginning, not to
speak of bTeakages due to their pres
ence
In sowing wheat in the fall farmers
should remember that the HeSSian fly
does it's first work on the early sown
wheat in the fall. The eggs that hatch
out the brood for the next spring are
laid there. The fly viii do but little
damage to wheat sown from the middle
10 the last Of September.
Il is more and more generally admit
ted that the fall is the better time for
setting out fruit trees. Less pressure
OF business enables the nurserymen to
get them out in better shape than to
handle them quicker, and the climate
IS less tickle. If to be heeled in do not
leave them exposed to frost and dry
ing winds.
Go among your orchard trees often
enough to perceive their wants. There
Is work to be done, peculiar to each
month Clean up the windfalls now,
and if the market is overburdened,
gather and market some of the fruit.
This is the season to gather the brush,
briers. large weeds and robber sprouts
for bonfires.
When corn is cut green, as it always
should be, II should be set in rather
small stocks, so as to allow the wind to
go through them. Especial care should
be taken to have the stocks evenly bal
anced around the supporting hill and To
have il we'll bound al the top. Much of
the value, both of grain and fodder.
IS lost by putting it up poorly leaving
the stalks to fall down and be soaked
with rain and mud.
A writer in the Chicago Times Her
It'd recently advocated preserving corn
in air-tight bins. He says, and truly
that less care is taken of the corn cror
than of any other grain the farmer
raises. He also holds that no other
grain is injured more by exposure tC
storm and other misuse.
The highway toward profit with cat
tie is recognized in good breeding and
early maturity Good breeding is, OF
course. the first step. but early matur-
ity is mainly a matter of the proper
feeding of the young stock. Such ar
end is simply impossible if the animals
are stinted while they are forming bone
and muscle.