davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
NOTES FOR BEEKEEPERs.

HAVE the inside of the hives dry, for
dampness is injurious to the health
and thrift of the bees. Many good bee
keepers consider it to be the sole cause
of dysentery.
COMBS, in which the bees have died,
will be found full of dead bees stick
ing in the cells and would seem use
less. But when these are placed in a
hive of bees, the bees will soon re-
move the dead and clean up the combs
perfectly.
THE ordinary hives will accommo-
date 24-pound sections and a second
tier will make 4s sections, the required
number to keep constantly on for Sc
curing surplus. Remove completed
sections as soon as found and putempty
ones in their places.
IT sometimes happens that we find
queens partial failure on account of
age, and but a limited quality of
brood is produced. In all such cases
the best plan is to unite the colony
with others that are under the control
of good. prolific queens.
IF robbing has already begun, close
the entrance so that only one bee can
enter at a time. Leave it thus until
evening, so that as little honey as pos
sible will be carried off, and then in
the evening carry the hive into the
cellar and leave it there for a few days
WE can keep all Objectionable stocks
from breeding drones if we use work
ers' combs exclusively. In this we
cannot afford to allow bees to build
their own comb, but by the use of
foundation only can we control this
matter. Drone comb should be sup
piled to such stocks as are Capable %
producing the qualities wo desire. =
St Louis Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
THE FARMING WORLD.
BuTcHERlNo BEEvEs.

How Farmers Can Have Good Meat All
Through the Winter.
With care in feeding and butchering,
the farmer can have supply of the
best beef all through the winter. One
advantage in raising and butchering
your own meat is that you know ex-
actly the kind and quality of the meat
you are eating and this cannot always
be said of what is bought dressed from
the average country butcher.
A two-year old heifer if kept in good
condition, so as to be thrifty and Wig
cass is not usually so large but that
an average farmers family can use it
to advantage. Cheaper beef can only
be had by fattenlng an old cow with
good pasturage and corn.
The animal should have nothing to
eat for at least twelve hours before kill
ing, as it's entrails will not then be
distended and it can be cleaned easier
and the carcass will cool out more rap
idly.
The animal is best killed with rifle
ball, shot midway of a line from one
eye to the opposite horn, or it may be
killed by blow in the same spot with
sledge or ak. As soon as it falls cut
cash square across the throat, sever
ing the jugular vein. When proper con-
veniences are at hand the carcass may
be run up at once or it may have the
skin removed on the ground with very
little trouble and the entrailS re-
moved, making the task of running up
to cool out an easier one. Cut the hide
from the throat along the brisket and
central line of the belly between the
thighs to the tail, and then, from this
cut along the inside of the legs to the
hoof. Commence at the hoof and skin
down each leg and then take the skin
from one side of the body. If the ami
NAL is lying on the ground spread out
the hide and roll the animal over on
that side and remove the skin from the
other side.
If the carcass has been run up after
the hide is taken off the legs, the bet
ter plan is TO skin round and down.
Be careful not to cut any gashes in the
hide, as this causes dockage of from
one third to one-half in the price.
Take off the fore legs at the joint and
the hind ones about three inches be-
low the hook joints.
To remove the entrails, open along
the middle of the belly and brisket,
cutting from the inside, running the
finger along ahead of the knife
through the belly. Open the carcass
and wash it out we'll with cold water,
using a cloth, if necessary, to remove
the blood. After cooling off split the
carcass through the middle of the
back bone with saw, working from
the inside. Use the saw for cutting
all bones. as much heater work can be
done. 1t can then be quartered and
taken down and cut into convenient
pieces for salting.-St. Louis Republic.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
RAISING GUINEA FOWLS.
Why So Many People Make a Failure o
This Business.

Why So Many People Make a Failure of
This Business.
The reason SO many people fail in
rearing guinea fowls is because they
insist on keeping the hen under a coop.
Guinea chickens are peculiarly depend
ent on natural food, and they cannot
get enough of this unless the old bird
is let run with them. The first week
they should not be let out for longer
than an hour at a time, and then shut
them up in shed for an hour and
half; then out again, and so on. Feed
every two hours in addition; and as
they get older increase the time they
are out until they need only be put in
if any Of them look at all tired. A
little meat chopped very fine and
mixed with meal or mashed potatoes
(if any were left from lunch) twice a
day, and oatmeal made into a dry
paste for the other meals until they
could pick. Wheat and barley seemed
to answer perfectly. / never lost one
by following this plan: but they are
very difficult to rear if the hen is not
left free, for plenty of insects is the
great thing, and they cannot find these
at first for themselves. / once had a
brood of thirteen Matched by the
guinea-hen herself, who reared all but
one. AS the guinea-hen never willing
ly stayed quiet for minute, it was a
matter of some difficulty, and could
only be managed by shutting the
whole party up in a dark shed alter
nate hours during the first week. The
guinea-cock after the first hour, when
he manifested strong desire to kill
the chickens, took just the same care
of them as the hen. But my experience
of poultry keeping is that every kind
of chicken thrives better on the above
mentioned plan than on the system of
coops. This last is device of lazi-
ness, and justly deserves a certain
measure of failure. Gardening Illus
trated
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
FACTS FOR FARMERS.

ROTATION is essential to all proper
xarming
: IF butter color is used it should be
added to the cream before churning is
begun.
MILK remaining in the udder longer
than twelve hours loses in quantity and
quality.
IT does not pay to raise scrub horses,
but there is always demand for first
~class animals.
BE careful not to change suddenly
from old to new oats, and do not feed
The latter in large quantities.
Disturbing is better than pruning.
IL saves the strength and vigor of the
tree and the labor of the owner.
ANTHRAX is reported to be spreading
samong the cattle Of New Jersey, and a
great many losses are announced.
Cows KEPT on dry food alone require
more water than when they have the
run of the pasture or are given succu-
lent food.
THE production of wine in France for
the year 1894 was 1.031. 600. 900 gallons,
while that of the United States was
only 25, 600, 600 gallons.
1T is said that the polled Angus
grades are more in demand in Europe
than any other cattle. Herefords come
next and Durhams last.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19

forth her brood she is placed in the
coop and the yard placed in position.
The yard gives her chance to get to
the ground. At night when shut into
the coop she is protected from wind
and rain as we'll as slxunks, weazels
and other vermin. When the hen
weans her chicks the yard is removed
and the coop and brood are taken to
some vacant field. By colonizing
chickens about the fields in small
hocks they are able to pick consider
able portion Of their living and do bnt
little damage. As soon as the roosters
can be told, they should be removed
and about IL pullets placed in a col
ony. These can remain in the coops
until they lay or until time to IN owe
into winter quarters. Pu1lets raised
in this way do not become as fat as
those raised about the house, and will
be found to be more profitable winter
layers.-H. M. Thomson, Massachu-
sets Exp eminent Station.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
The Future of Irrigation.

Irrigation makes a considerable
showing in the census of 1890. In that
year, according to the official report,
SO, 584 farm owners in the arid and sub
humid regions of eleven states and ter
ritories were employing artificial means
of watering their land, to the extent
of 1864, 416 acres The average size of
these farms was sixty-eight acres, and
their average annual production was
placed at $14. 80 per acre. The census
of 1900 will show large extension of
the area irrigated. The various sys-
TENS are still in the experimental
stage, but the main fact looms up that
irrigation will be one of the leading
elements of the American agriculture
of the future.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
LIVE STOCK NOTES.

BEETs are unquestionably fine food
for swine, and the sweeter they are,
the better.
THE brood sow does not require fat
tening food. Muscle forming foods
are what she needs.
If we would feed mcr clover hay to
swine in winter we So Id find that
our swine feeding was more econom-
icaL
THE farmer who is now breeding
good colts is sagacious, in our judg-
ment. The horse will be here when
the bicycle is gone.
The boar in summer should have
good clover pasture, with beans, peas
or oats, and in the winter the same. ex-
cept the pasture, with some roots or
ensilage.
A FLY net and a darkened stable will
do much towards preventing the horse
wasting in fighting flies that energy
which should be expended on his legiti-
mate work.
CORN is the cheapest fat producer.
we are often told. As a rule it may
cost less, but that is not always what
we want. We should aim to produce
the best pork and maintain the high
est degree of health. Corn will not al
ways do this.
An English swine feeder was asked
what feed he preferred to fatten pigs
and replied: Barley meal is the best
single food, but he preferred mixture
of barley, pea, maize and rice meals.
We mention it simply to call attention
of our persistent corn feeders to tie
fact that pork can be made out of 9th
er feed than corn; and better pork, too.
Farmers Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19

cavation unnecessary. Frequently the
that the auger-hole must be plugged
until the wall is made.
The size Of tile for wall is usually
five-inch 1t is well to have few
pieces of smaller size at hand, also
some broken lengths for clinking.
Place the tiles in circle around bot
tom of we'll as shown. Should the
last one of the layer not fit snugly,
use a smaller size or the broken pieces,
securing it in such a way that all the
tiles will be firm. Continue layer upon
layer IN this way until the top is
reached.
In case the water enters the well as
rapidly as it can be pumped out, the
wall may be simply large tiles placed
one above another. This operation
may be done wholly from the top, if a
guide is made for holding the tile in
place as it is lowered until earth is
filled around. When completed, the
excavation is filed by replacing the
eearth. and nothing is open except the
interior of the column of tile. For
such wall as this, care should be
taken to secure strong. thick tile
which have been thoroughly burned,
and free from cracks.
Several wells of this description
have been made in this vicinity AL
though limestone is easily obtained,
many prefer the drain tile, and the
latter is growing in favor for the pur-
pose indicated. Robert L. Dean, in
Country Gentleman
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
FARM AND GARDEN.
suHsoIL FLOWING.

The Pros and Cons OF the Practice stated
without Prejudice.
There is evidence of renewed interest
in the subsoiling question. 1t may be
that it needs careful consideration.
The evidence seems conclusive that
subsoil blowing on the fertile prairie
soils of such states as Illinois and
Iowa, for instance. is not generally
profitable. Occasional reports, well
attested, have shown paying results,
but these have been the exception
rather than the rule, says the Prairie
Farmer. On the other hand, the per-
centage of cases of considerable inn
provement in crops from subsoiling in
Kansas and Nebraska seem pretty
large. Obviously the deeper the soil
is stirred, if it is naturally sufficiently
porous, the larger will be the supply
of available plant food and the larger
will be the reservoir for collecting and
storing water which enters the ground
after rains. Much of the prairie soil
of Illinois is sufficiently porous to a
considerable depth to readily permit
water to enter, and is so admira bly,
fitted to retain the water, as also to
draw it towards the surface by capil-
larry attraction. In such conditions
there is no sufficient reason for sub
soiling for ordinary cropping. How
far the conditions are different in the
regions from which reports are sent of
marked benefit from subsoil blowing
has not always clearly appeared. There
is some confusion in the minds of some
farmers as to the meaning of the term
subsoil blowing. Properly used it
does not mean simply deep blowing,
however great depth may be reached,
but rather loosening the soil in the
bottom of the furrow made by the sur
face or common blowing, without
raising this loosened earth to the sur
face. Where there is double blowing,
the second furrow slice being brought
to the surface, this is not subsoiling.
In many cases it is Objectionable to
turn up the sell to very considera BILE
depth, thus exposing much of the sub
soil to the surface. Rarely does any
injurious effects follow subsoiling
proper, except on fat lands with a
very compact subsoil nearly impervious
to water. In such cases subsoiling
may simply make a deeper bed to
hold moisture which is not needed,
and can only be gotten rid of by evap-
grafton
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19

and cessation of growth for long pc
Rod in dry and hot summers; and yet,
take it all in all, it may rightly be
crowned king of all the grasses. 1t
furnishes the most common form of
permanent pasture found in America.
1t is more commonly sown by hand
and in conjunction with other grasses,
and it is usual to SOW with nurse"
crop. If sown alone, two bushels of
seed fourteen pounds to the busheD
are recommended, but if the seed is
fresh and good a considerably less
quantity will suffice. In prairie coun-
tries where it has not hitherto been
grown, blue grass may be introduced
by scattering few pounds of seed per
acre on the unbroIen prairie early in
the spring Prairie Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
CATTLE STATISTICS.
Valuable Tables Reported by the DEPART
ment of Agriculture.

ment of Agriculture.
Harry A. Robinson, statistician of
the department of agriculture, has
submitted a report, of which the fol-
lowing is part:
/ hand you herewith tabular state
ment, prepared in accordance with
your request, showing the estimated
number of cattle in the various states
and territories of this country in jan
uary, 1895, and also the area In square
miles of each state and territory. The
figures for cattle include mich cows,
oxen and other cattle, and are taken
from the statistician's report for jan
uary and February last. The figures
on area are from the annual report of
the commissioners of the general land
office.
By these ia bles / have made an effort
to divide the strictly farm states from
the range states, and by showing the
comparative area, as well as the cattle
population of each region, get some
what at the truth of the theory that
as agriculture advances cattle disap.
pear. Here is table of the farm
states:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
Number of
STATES AND TER
SOME VALUABLE HINTS.
How to Dress Poultry So That 1t VIII
Command Fair Prices.

How to Dress Poultry So That 1t VIII
Command Fair Prices.
Poultry should be kept without food
for "a hours. Full crops injure the APP
pearance and are liable to sour, a1d
when this does occur, lower prices
must be expected than choice stock
will bring. Never kill poultry by
wringing the neck. To dress chickens,
kill by bleeding in the mouth, or open-
ing the veins of the neck. Hang by
the feet until properly bled. Leave
head and feet on and do not remove
intestines or crop. Sca1ded chickens
sell best to home trade and dry picked
best to shippers, SO that either man-
ner of dressing will do if properly
done.
For scalding chickens the wafer
should be as near the boiling point AS
possible without boiling. Pick the
legs dry before scalding. Hold by the
head and legs and immerse and lift pp
and down three times. If the head IS
immersed it turns the color of Tire
comb and gives the eyes a shrunk en-
appearance which lends buyers to think
the fowl has been sick The feathers
and pin feathers should then be rc-
moved Immediately very clearly ard
without breaking the skin; then
plump" by dipping ten seconds in
water nearly or quite boiling hot and
then put Immediately into cold water.
Hang in a cool place until the animal
heat is entirely out. To dry pick chick
ems properly, the work should be done
while the chickens are bleeding. Do
not wait and LEFT the bodies rat cold
Dry picking is much more easily donA
while the bodies are warm. Be care
full and do not break and tear the skin
In dressing turkeys, observe the same
instructions as given for preparing
chickens, butalways dry pick. Dressed
turkeys, when dry picked, always sell
best and command better prices than
scalded lotS.-Farm and Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
CURING SORGHUM.
How 1t Can Be Done Successfully in the
Dampest of Climates.

How 1t Can Be Done Successfully in the
Dampest of Climates.
Noticing several articles as to curing
sorghum and having had lots of bother
here in this damp coast climate of
Texas l will give my way, which has
saved me this years crop in good or
der and may benefit others.
After getting sorghum ready to
stack / cut three poles say twenty feet
long, the butt ends of which put in
the ground two feet, leaving each pole
say eight feet apart, leaned SO that the
tops tie together with wire. | then
nail on some one-by-three boards to
keep the sorghum from inclosing the
passage in the center, then build a
platform of rails or posts two feet
high on outside OF frame as wide as
care to make the stack. In this way 1
form an air passage under and up the
center of the stack, thoroughly curing
it even if put up green.
l send you herewith rough draw
ing from which you can perhaps pre-
pare an illustration which will explain
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
PURE WHITE HONEY.
This Is by All Odds the Best Winter Food
for Bees.

for Bees.
Too many people have an idea that,
while only the best honey will do to
market, anything that the bees will
eat is good enough for them. The
first part of this idea is all right, the
second all wrong. Probably the great
est winter danger to bees is from dys-
EMERY, and that is usually caused by
improper food or cold hive. Of the
two causes 1 consider the first most
common. When the autumn honey
flow is limited and much space remains
untitled, the bees undertake to patch
out their stores with the juice of de-
caying fruits, etc. This is totally unfit
for them, and particularly fatal during
the fall and winter. The vicinity of
cider mills is an undesirable location
for an apiary, on that account. The
pomace is very injurious to them as
winter food. One should be careful,
too, what artificial food is given to
them in the fall. Save dubious mate
rial you want cleaned up till spring,
when, if not absolutely poison, it usu-
ally will not injure them. Of course,
nothing questionable may be given
them while the sections are on.
The very best bee food for winter is
pure white honey. That seems to con-
tain the least indigestible matter.
Next to this comes pure honey of
darker shade. If artificial food be
necessary lido not skimp them to avoid
feeding) use pure graduated sugar
syrup. This is the best at any time,
but so much of successful wintering
depends upon good food that one
should be especially particular In the
fall feeding. One may at times have
other material quite as unobjectiona-
BILE as this, but where one is in doubt,
the advice of an experienced apiarist
should be sought before using it
American Gardening.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS.
Adapted to y Wider Range of Growth
Than Other Varieties.

Adapted to Wider Range of Growth
Than Other Varieties.
Blue grass (Poa pratensis) is FREE
quently spoken of as Kentucky blue
grass because of its marked adaptable
ity to the soil of Kentucky. 1t is prob
ably adapted to wider range of
growth than any other variety of grass.
1t is best adapted to loan soils with a
good leaven of clay in them, hence it
will always grow better on timber land
when cleared than on the prairie. But
it will always grow in fairly good form
on light sands, on stiff clays, and on
the spongY loan soils of the prairie.
On sandy soils, however, 1T has been
known in some few instances to sue
cumb in time of extreme drought.
Blue grass is very aggressive in its
habit of growth. When once intro
duced into pasture it is capable of
eventually crowding out nearly all
other kinds of grass, and in fields laid
down to grass it will soon put in an
appearance if it has ever been previ-
ously grown upon the same land. But
it is easily destroyed for the time being
by cultivation.
This grass grows early in the season
and again in the autumn. 1t is usually
in head by the arrival of June, hence
the name June grass. It is of a fine
and thick habit of growth, and all
kinds of stock are extremely fond OF it.
It is also very nutritious. Its weak
points are, too little bulk for hay crops,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
suggestion for Cattle Raisers.

Beef cattle are yet in demand, and
there is plenty of time to grow calves
of good breeds for conversion into
beef in three years provided the calves
are well bred. If every farmer would
resolve to keep pure bred bull the
calves would be more valuable and not
be sold off the farm when but few
days old. There is large loss to the
farmers of this country in the annual
slaughter of very young calves and
yet the failure to retain the calves is
due to the use of scrub bulls, which
have done more to curse cattle raisers
than all other causes combined.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
Foa coLoNY KEEplNe.
Very Convenient G00p snd Hon Described
by Pref Thomson.


~ Pref Thomson
A very convenient chicken coop 10
illustrated below. IL is bui1t 3 by
feet and ~ fset high to the caves
Sills are by set sdgeways TO act as
runners. The plates are Of chestnut,
2 by 2, and project foot each way
outside the roof, making very con-
venient handles for moving. Floor,
sides and roof are Of square-edged.
smooth inch boards The roof is built
with square pitch, and projects ON
all sides beyond the boarding inches.
The roof is covered with thickness
of ordinary building paper held in
place by narrow strips of wood. One
coating of linseed oil renders this pa
per waterproof and quite durable. At
each end, running full width of the
coop, is door foot wide; one is
hinged, the other slides The gables
are closed with fine wire screen. Two
movable roosts are placed lengthwise
* feet from the floor. The yard is
built separate, made by mailing lath
~ inches apart upon a frame of inch
turing. It is the same size as the
coop, by feet. When biddY brings
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-10-19
Totals.

1t will be noted that every state
named is entirely farm state without
faint Of cattle range about it. Where
wild lands occur in any of them, from
Maine to Missouri, they at least sub
sist no cattle worth discussing. The
cattle they possess are wholly horned
folk of the farms. The list includes
every state east of the Mississippi and
the tier of states-Minnesota, Iowa,
Missouri, Arkansas and Louisiana
next west. The second table, taking
in the range states, is as follows: