The Arizona sentinel., 1895-02-16

adc to ltS ferty, though, or course, as IS alWayS the case in soil analysis, it's composition varies ir different localities and is not always constant
 The soil of the uplands, or mesas, is lighter and more gravelly and in some places of free loamy calcareous character. The mesa lands are warm and generous. They seem especially adapted for the grape, olive and citrus fruits generally. Their soil | contains more magnesia, lime or chalk than the bottom lands. It never cracks and retains moisture admirably in summer It is of that character which will produce wine that will keep good for fifty or hundred years, and improve annually, not being liable te sour or exposure to the air, after one year old to become turbid and change color in the bottle glass.
 We can safely say that the soil of Yuma County can nowhere be surpassed, containing as it does all the essential elements of richness and fertility FRUIT CULTURE.
 Fruit production throughout Arizona is sub | ject of great interest at present, and will no | doubt, be the principal industry in Yuma County | The remarkable results that have sprung from very superficial and imperfect culture has de monstrated that the soil and climate of Yuma County are peculiarly adapted for this branch of agricultural enterprise. The development of these resources is of the utmost importance and is at tracting careful attention. Experiments have been made, with care, and facts in regard to the culture of different kinds of fruits have been collected which cannot fail to convince, tbe most skept- ical, of the wonderful superiority of Yuma County over Southern California in fruit growing, and which must lead to a large and varied production, Of the most remunerative character.
 The q T,On1ioration in his ranOrt published in lSS6 writes as follows of the rich valleys of the Gila, Colorado and Salt rivers.
 ''The soil of these valleys is among the richest on the continent. It is formed of the detritus which the streams for ages have brought down from their mountain homes in their journey to the sea. By constant overhows and change of channel, the deposit of this rich vegetable matter has form ed soil of extreme fertility, Near the streams it is dark alluvial mold, well adapted to small grains and grasses. Farther back there is a rich sandy loam, mellow and porous, and especially favorable for fruit culture. It has been already demonstrated that the productive capacity of these valleys is not surpassed by lands of equal area in any part of the United States. So rapid and prolific is the growth of the fruts cereals and vegetables that the labor of the cultvator is reduced to the minimum. In nearly all of them two crops a year can be growth, and vegetation is one month ahead of California. The farmers plants a cottonwood sapng before his door, and within the year he has shade tree twenty-five feet high! Alfalfa can be cut six times during the season, and it is an actual fact the grape-cuttings have produced within egh- teen months What State or Territory can make such a showing? The climate, it must be remem- bered, is nearly perpetual summer. Snow never foII- rta to plant in November, and by the middle of May his harvest is ready. Roses are in bloom, fruit trees blossoming, and the grain fields are sea of green, when the fields of the Eastern farmers are covered with snow and ice.
 Every variety of grains, grasses, fruits and vege tables grown in the temperate and semi-tropic zones can be produced in the valleys of Arizona. Wheat corn. barley, oats and all the small grains give yield of from twenty-five to fifty bushels to the acre. Alialfa clover, timothy, Bermuda and all the cultivated grasses grow luxuriantly, the former giving from eight to ten tons to the acre each year, Every variety of vegetable raised in the United States can be grown in Arizona, and nowhere are they found of better quality.
 'Besides the products mentioned, these semi tropical valleys produce cotton, sugar-cane, to-
 
 sugarcane but little attention is paid to the cult vaton of other staples; but it has been demonstrat ed that the soil and climate are specially adapted to their successful growth. Cotton growing is no experiment in Arizona, for it is on record that when the Europeans first penetrated this region, they found the Pima Indians wearing fabrics made of cotton grown in the Gila valley.
 ''But it is their adaptabilIty for fruit culture that assures to these valley lands dense popula- tion and aprosperous future. Almost every var iety known be raised in their fruitful soils The apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, quince and nec- tarine, of delicious flavor, and give gen erous yield The grape of all varieties is at home in these sunny vales No place in the grape-grow- ing belt of the Pacific Coast can show so prolific a yield, The quality is all that could be desired; and the wine, although its manufaGture is vet ex- perimental, is of fine flavor, delicious bouquet, and unsurpassed by any native product as table beverage. Experiments with the raisin-grape | have shown that this climate and soil possess every advantage for the production and curing of this staple article of commerce.
 "Besides the fruits already mentioned, the er- ange, lemon, lime, olive, fig, pomegranate, and others of the citrus family, can be grown success fully in the valleys of Southern Arizona. Orange trees are now in bearing in the Salt River valley and at Yuma; while the bananas is also being cul- tyated at the latter place. The Arizona orange in quality and flavor will compare favorably with the | best California.
 'In the valleys of the Colorado, the Salt and the Gila ivers there is room for thousands. It is not too much to say that nowhere within the limits of ! this broad Union can be found more desirable i region for the making of @ home. No laborious clearing of the land is required; it lies almost | ready for the blow. Trees and shrubbery have so rapid growth that within eighteen months the immigrant can surround his abode with attractions which would require years to mature in less favored climates. Fruits ripen and are ready for market full month before the California product. The bright sunshine makes life luxury, and the pure, dry atmosphere brings health to all who inhale it. For the establishment of colonies, such we have | made of Southern California a arden Arizona l ,S+,, de ,f