davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
HOP GROWING IN CENTRAL NEW
YORK.

Eds. Country GentZeman:-It is be-
lieved that this section produces better
hops, year in and year out, than any
other locality in America, If not the
world. James F. Clark, the largest in
dividual grower hereabouts, who culti-
waited this season 1875 acres, which ag-
gregated 200, 900 pounds of the cured
product, often sends his hops to Eng
land, where they not infre quently com
mand the highest prices and net the
ing been pursued here 80 many years,
experience has made the growers wise
Ia the science of the cultivation of the
vine, so that most of them know pretty
nearly what to do in order TO produce
marketable article. Then, in most
parts the soil is perfectly adaptable for
the growth of this particular product
The present season having been an
admirably good one for the proper
growth and development of hops, last
springs series Of hard frost5 being
taken into consideration, the crop here
about three fOurths-was of excel
lent quality. The English Cluster
turned out we'll, this being the kind
universally grown. The Baravian Red
vine, introduced into these parts sew
eral years ago, did remarkably we'll,
too, IN some instaL ces yielding far bet
ter than the English Cluster. Scarcely
any lice were Observed, and, except for
few wind storms, good weather pre-
vailed throughout the harvesting
period. Owing to the cleanness of the
hois even the BEST and slowest nicked
ones, IN cases where they have hnan
pressed, weigh rather light to the box
Ehl9 Is good sign, however. Itshovs
what the quality is, for hon NAV bo
we'll seeded and fowered. and if troo
from vermin, 1t will al gays weigh
lighter than al affected one.
Yet, up to the present time, fewer
hops have been purchased here by
dealers than during any preceding
year for score back. The prevailins
dry weather has had much to do witt
this, since hops cannot be very vel
sold and delivered until they are baled
and they are best baled when the at
mosphere is laden with a certain
quantity Of moisture Then the prices
still continue poor IN the local markets
not higher than 1Oc. per pound beine
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
RALEIGH, N. c., NOVEMBER 26, 1895.

paid, and in the majority of cases not
more than 7c. or SC.
Following is what it costs the aver
age grower to produce a crop and get
it ready for market: cent per pound
for wear and tear of p lee and hop
house, 8e. for use Of land, &c. for har
vesting, including everything, j.. for
phosphate, 4e. for twine, nails, &c &c
for baling; total, cents for every
pound raised; and these are the lowest
! figures at which it can possibly De
done l made no mention Of the laoOr
of tilling, OF tying the vines up IN the
spring, training them to the strings,
&c and outside Of phosphate, have
omitted to say anything concerning the
the application of fertilizers. Then
there is q large quantity OF team work
to be done. Beside all this, there is
other labor required which have not
spoke of. Therefore, to repay the
grower for his labor, he must obtain at
least Is or Is cents for every pound OF
hops raised. This is looking at the
matter in a broad light, of course, for
there are instances where the expendi
lures are greatly reduced especially at
picking time.
Unless there is picking up in prices
soon to induce greater activity in the
local markets, this years crop will fail
to be disposed of in due time The buy
ers, being anxious to buy, have the ir
Offices full of samples Goose onee), and
are picking up all the best hops for
shipping that they can get hold Of II
this course continues, all the poor hops
will be left till the last. Perhaps this
is the proper way to do, but as it has
never been tried before, it seems
strange. Unfavorable as the prospects
are, though, most of the growers are
cleaning up their yards and stacking
or setting the poles preparatory to run
ming them another year.
Tim II
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
uNFRU1TFUL APPLE ORCHARDS

When orchards remain for years
without bearing fruit, as a rule the
cause is lack of mineral plant food
This kind of fertilizer is necessary to
maintain the healthfulness of foliage,
without which the blossom either fails
to set fruit or it drops off before it be
gins to form seeds. Seeds and fruit
both require potash. A dressing of
400 to 500 pounds potash salts or their
equivalent in hard wood ashes per acre
will restore productiveness to many
orchards that without it will never pro
duce crop worth harvesting, Another
source of fruit failure is the non fertil
ity of blossoms of some varieties,
Where fertil z 3rs are in sufficient quau'
tity and the fruit yield small, try
grating with pollen bearing varieties
or set young trees in the orchard that
will produce an abundance of pollen,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
POULTRY YARD
BRIEF POULTRY POINTS.

Put tincture Of iron, teaspoonful to
the gallon, in the drinking water of the
fowls. 1t is an excellent tonic for weak
chicks, fowls in moult or out of con-
ditiOn.
If you are going to pack eggs for
winter use, select those from hens with
which the cocks have not run. Eggs
containing no germs keep much better
than others.
Corn is cheap, corn is easily handled,
the hens like corn, therefore corn, and
nothing but corn, is fed, Why not
consider what it is, and what it will do,
if fed hberally to any flock.
Are your hens laying9 If so, the
dollars are flowing into your pockets.
If not, it will we'll pay to look into their
condition, the manner of feeding, and
amount of work they are doing.
If the hens are not laying it is not
their fault. Easy as this Is to say,
difficult as are the conditions to control,
the fact is as stated, and the remedy
lies with and in the breeder and owner.
Those who will want fresh blood in
February or March should purchase
now before the focks are reduced to
winter quarters. Better birds and bet,
ter terms will be secured.
Kill every male not intended for
breeding next year, and such as are to
be kept remove from the hens and coop
by themselves. If males are kept solely
to USE as breeders in early spring, they
should be cared for during the winter
when fertile eggs are not wanted.
Cooked turnips should form at least
80 per cent. of the rations fed the ducks.
They are voracious feeders, and if given
much solid food will become 30 fat that
all possibility of their breeding when
desired will be destroyed. Keep ALI
breeding stock under rather than over
fat
Whatever is produced at home adds
to the gross income Of the farm and
therefore the net balance, provided the
crop be adapted to climate and soil and
is rightly grown. The man who Keeps
], 600 hens can very materially reduce
the feed bill by the use of home grown
grains and Observation-Disclosures Re-
view.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
NOVEMBER WORK IN THE
APIARY.

The last work of the season in the
apiary should be done in late Novem-
Der according to the season and local
ity. Remove the hives to the cellar
before free zing weather sets in. See
that all brood is Matched before re
moval inside, as bees will not winter
satisfactorily in too long confinement.
Bees will stand cold in the fall when
young and h9althy better than during
spring when old and weak from long
confinement. A neighbor winters $50
colonies and does not place in the eel
lar until snow flies; his loss is seldom
over per cent. Placed in the cellar,
loosen bottom board, slide the hive ]
scantling and tier up. If the cover
does not rest properly, lay on board
to keep in the heat. Jar the bees as
little as possible. For out of door
wintering, my hives have three slots
in the honey boards II by 19 in.
They are covered with one thickness
Of hop sacking, On that lay 8 by
in stick parallel with the elots, in
from each eLd Tnen lay a covering
of boards 8 in smaller all round, fill
the upper story tightly with chaff and
the hives will be in condition to winter.
1t snow usually banks against the
hives tight, fill the outer case rather
light. Clean the apiary of all litter
[C R. Morts, Berkimer Co. N. Y.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
No. AZ

greater Boston, Brighton, Auburndale.
Natlck, Beverly, Brookline, Cambridge.
Dedham, Hyde Park, Maiden and other
nearby cities include many thousand
feet. Formerly Boston rosesH in n
New York florists window indicated
the best stock known; that was when
Marechan Neil was in it's glory. Now
Che leading society rose is the American
beauty, and Clifton, New York. is
"nere 1t Is grown to perfection. yet
Maiden and Dodham send to the Hub
roses Of wonderful beauty PhiladeI.
phla is third in production and sale of
cut flowers, Chester county, known as
the carnRtion belt, sending in the
greater part of these flowers. Roses
are abundant here, chrysanthemums
IN their season magnificent in quality
and quantity Washington from it's
social nature requires flowers in great
quantities; in the district are over 80
florists establishments, many of them
on an extensive scale. Yet on State
occasions the Washington florists draw
heavily on Eastern cities to help them
out.
Of late Chicago bas become a great
consumer of flowers, the towns round
about, Rockford, Western Springs,
Summ9rdale, Springfield and Niles
Center, being the principal supply.
There are in the Unite d States over
1000 florists establishments making
upwerd. of 38,OOO,OOO square feet of
glass, requiring $4,000 acres of land.
The total value of the establishments
is over $38 355 600. The Massachusetts,
portion is 50, 600 900, New York 50 OOO,-
600, Connecticut less than 1000, 900.
Pennsylvania $4,000 600, New Jersey
s. 600, 900. The cut flower sales for q
year in this State are about 81, 900 900.
New York So, 600, 600, New Jersey 81
200, 900, Pennsylvania 81, 8OO,OO What
New York sells is not all grown in the
State, as New Jersey contributes much
to the New York market.-W. f Gale.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26

There is some nutriment in corn
busks. but they are worth more for
making into beds and mattresses than
their feeding value. When well dried
they make a comfortable though rather
noisy bed. It is good plan also to-
make some into mats, which can be-
used at the door to remove the mud
which in fall and winter adheres to the
shoes. This is work that can be done
in the winter, and in some places there
is a fair sale for the mats at fair prices
for all not needed for home use.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26

all but robbed of all the potash and
phosphoric acid, and yet the owners
continue to grow clover and wonder at
their poor success. But there are still
countless farms in the West where
clover can get all the mineral elements
IL needs, and clover farming there in
It's primitive stages is attended with
good results. But where the crop re,
fuses to grow, look out for mineral ele-
ments, Tney are lacking generally in
the slil.
Nine tenths, and probably the other
tenth, have the gilt edge taken eff them
oy succek sive cropping and through
sheer waste. In order to make farm
ing pay on them now and in the future.
1t Is necessary that clover should come
IN and DO lis work. By a j1dicious
cultivation of clover unproduc6ive lana
can be brought into as good state of
fertility as it ever was. Drain the
land where needed, AVOID ali wastes of
manure, and make a good system of
cultivation where clover comes in.
all crop take away som9 mineral ele
ments from the soil, and these must be
supplied artiiciaIly. We are getting
60 the condition where we must recog
nize the value of mineral Fertilizers,
and understand that green manure and
barnyard manure do not supply these
sufficient for the crops. Mineral ele
ments must be purchased and applied
in the cheapest form, and then be sup
plemented by green and barnyard ma
nuree, and chief among these is clover.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
WHERE CUT FLOWERS ARE
CROWN.

Many localities are devoted to roses
exclusively, others to carnations
violets, emiIax and lilies Of the valley.
Flatbush and Long Island City send to
the New York market thousands of
carnations every day the year round
and during November will send in
chrysanthemums by the car load and
as many of the esta blishments contain
from $4,000 to $4,000 square feet of
glass, some idea of the output of these
establishments may be had. Then up
the Hudson are vast establishments
that send their product to New York
markets. Poughkeepsie has over 100,
600 feet Of florists glass, Tarryto town as
much more and Yonkers, Sing Sing
and many other towns contribute daily
to the great head center. 1t is with
flowers as with many other lines Of
trade-send the product to New York
and when you want to buy go to New
York. The most extensive floral estao
Iisbment in the world is the New YORK
cut flower company; they deal exclu
sivelv with the trade. There is no city
in the world where go many cut flowers
are handled as in New York, and no
country that uses the cut flowers that
America uses,
Roston ia also a great center for
flowers; the glass houses within tne
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
CHANGES IN TOBACCO ACREAGE

The average tobacco acreage this
year was approximately $50, 900 acres
against 695, 900 acres in the census year
1889, and 443, 600 900 pounds total crop
against 488, OOO, 600 pounds in 1889, &C
cording to final report just published
in American Agriculturlst. This re
view demonstrates that the heavy de-
cline in acreage and production which
has been claimed for the crops of 1898
and 1894 have little in fact except in
the cigar leaf sections. Decreased in
terest in one section has been ffset by
increased Importance of the crop in
the others. The decline has been most
marked in the cigar leaf section. New
England has a crop Of superb quaIlty
and size. The New York crop Is fair
and much of it fine, Pennsy lvania has
q considerable quantity of poor leaf
and the same is true of Wisconsin.
In the heavy leaf sections yield dis
tinctly unsatisfactory in Maryland,
Virginia and North Carolina in Ten
nessee and Kentucky the crop suffered
through frost. In the cigar leaf sec
tions New England is credited with
II. 600 acres, average yield l, ,744 pounds,
New York 5,712 acres, average 1272
pounds, Pennsylvania 19 439 acres,
average 966 pounds, Wisconsin IA 400
acres. average 625 pounds, total cigar
leaf so, 551 acres, average yield 1 100
pounds. In heavy leaf sections Ken
lucky naturally has the biggest acre
age, 268, 1l6. Virginia following with
81. $50 and North Carolina IS, $40. aggre-
gate all heavy leaf States COS. 522acr
Potatoes for the winter should re
main in the ground until thoroughly
matured, and then be " ell dried before
being stored away. They will do best
in cool. dry, dark cellar. II put IN
pits, they should be furnished with
ventilarors to admit the air. after
placing supports for the earth which Is
thrown over the heap.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
THE ENORMOUS YIELD OF POTA-
TOES.

Toe potato crop of 1895 is a record
breaker, and according to an exhaus-
tive report in American Agriculturist,
approximates 282 OOO. 900 bushels This
is about 100000, 900 bushels greater
than a year ago. Total acreage 3 204,
600 with an average yield per acre OF
80 bushels for Jha entire country, and
in many OF the big potato States ma
teriaIly in excess Of this. Toe acreage
was suddenly increased out of all pro
portion TO demand for consumption,
and as a result there is heavy surplus
above food tqIirements IN many
States. This Is particularly true IN
| the Northwest, which has no adequate
| Northwest growers have abandoned
| the results Of their years work and
will not dig their crop, prices not pay
| ing the cost OF digging and hauling
But for this enormous increase the total
crop of the country would not be ex
cessive. New England has only fair
crop, New York a good yield, IN the
O 10 valley drouth did considerable
damage and in the Southern States the
yield proved liberal. Canada's crop,
according to this, is about 81. 600, 900
bushels against As. 900, 600 one year go.
The U. K. and continent of Europe
have harvested a good crop following
good weather conditions abroad.
Prices are almost uDprecedentedly
low in every direction, but may do
better. The crop is only 10 per cent
larger than that of 1891, when the
December farm price was &c. per
bus ell, or perhaps 1Oc. higher than
now. The distribution is unfortunate,
the surplus being confined Chic fly to a
few States far from consuming centers,
but welding an Influence on the mod
crate crop grown elsewhere. With the
early offerings out of the way and an
appreciation of the fact that aside from
the excessive supplies in the West, the
crop is not especially burdensome,
there is a chance of improvement in
the market before winter is over.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
Otsego county.
OV5N 81 OOWAUy'
FARMING AS A BUSINE IS.
TEB HARKE

The life of farmer has often been
called a life of drudgery. There is no
occupation that has larger ratio of
inspiring labor to one whose tastes are
in harmony with rural life The weak
point in American farming has been
the lack of appreciation of the equip
ments necessary to a successful career.
Too many men have been willing to be
thitves of the soils resources that they
might swell their bank accounts. To
the young man or woman, fairly we'll
educated, who will add some technical
knowledge of our special schools of
agriculture to their requirements, there
is no more promis ing field of enterprise
than farming; but to insure that eatis
faction in its prosecution which makes
any occupation enjoyable, business
spirit must be put into it, and toilmust
be esweetened by an appreciation of the
attributes which makes rural life at
tractive.-Charles w. Garfield, in
American Cheese Maker.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
AGRICULTURE.

The silo is gradually gaining foot
d in Iowa. and as it be comes better
own this method of preserving green
I'D for winter use will be more gen
lily ed rpted, especially in those Sec
,ns where dairying is a prominent
ture of the farm work.
he proper season for turkey is the
fall and winter. In spring and
inner the meat is no longer juicy nor
good flavor; though sometimes
we'd az that time, they are much in
ior to the winter bird for a roast.
i've yours fattened at the right time.
'or a ready cash business you can
1oE discount the COW and the hen. One
a'iety of the fowls is sufficient for the
IN, and do your best to keep that
-1ed pure In any event, when q
as4t-class cockerel can be bought for
= Or less it is an easy matter to grade
the poultry.
he slmplts5 and cheapest method of
King sure of a good fence pos is to
-.a the tree while in full leaf in the
nmer, and let it season with leaves
Il branches on until the fall, and
tn@n cut up aud use. Made in this way.
po9ts Will greatly outlast those made
m winter felled trees.
Iuch has been said to urge the best
ediug and liberal and wIse feeding
le horses cannot ne produced if either
rnent ia lacking, but let not the neces
of the proper training of the col
kept in the background In fact
usefulness wilt depend very mucj
ed upon the training he receives
Cls demand for lean meat is directl,
the interest If the farmer, as 1t !
re profitable TO sell at moderat
Ishts than to make the hog heavy
older a hog gets the more it cost
make 8 pound Of gain; it costs tw;c
nucn a. nine months as at four
eretore sell at FIVE or six
> otten the side branches Of a farm
TX fal to pay btcnU5e carried o.
sligenuy. a dozen hives of bee
}utd bring the farmer as much reve
as a 1O-acre wheat field. The re
n the care of his chickens woul
ng is underrated, and eve n the Chi
IN are not trained 70 q proper interes
hem
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26

You cannot grow a paying crop in
mass of clods in which large share of
the plant food is locked up beyond the
reach of the plants you are growing;
neither will clods hold moisture. Each
rootlet should have it's own little feed
ing spot, and it's food to its liking. To
this they are as sensitive as young ami
mails
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26

Rotation enables us to use the ele-
ment stored in the soil to better advan-
tage, but adds nothing to fertility and,
although it is said that cultivation is
manure, it AIDES nothing to the soil,
merely making the plant food more
available. Crops remove fertility, and
we must supply it. Even clover is not
a cure all, with all it's virtues.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26
.zp NATIONAL FARMERS ALI
ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.

president-J. F. Willetts, Topeka,
-9Ii Vice -President-H. G. Snavely, Leb
non, Pa.
srssJary-Treasurer-Col. u. L. D'lI4-
an. Columbia, 8. @.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
x /, Loucks, Huron, s. D.; mann
,age Brandon, Virginia; 1. c. Dean
+onenye Falls, New York; II. Q. Dem
linr. Secretary. Harrisburg, PennsyI
snia: Marion Butler, Raleigh, y. Z.
JUDICIARY.
4. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo.
2. ". Beck, Alabama.
" =. Davie. kentucky.
.,,t,,ras .,ARorIEA FARMERS sTATs AI.T4I-
ANOE.
PRESIDENT DE-. Cyrus Thompson,
-ichlaud5. g.
wee s.reaident-Jno. Graham, Ridge
ray. II. 9, 2 ,>.o,
9.,reUarv- = v-'Creasurer-W- 8. Barnes,
-s:alZh. \. =.
Tarvlrer-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City,
s6teward-Dr. +, V. N. Seaweu. Villa
ow. n. G. - H.
ID5, Door keeper-Geo. T. Lane, Green's
AZ sssistant s Door keeper-Jas. E. Lyon,
" Eors,nant,at rs,ea, Arms-A D. K. Wallace,
"5SetSa 5Sate Business Agent-T, Ivey, Raj
r., RRI-nstee af Business Agency Fund-W.
Graham, Machpelah, n. Z.
-zrurTrvE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
-.aoIIEA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
AF Hileman. concord, N. c.; N.
= English. Trinity, N c.; James Nj.
Eewborne, Ktns on, N. 9.
ATE ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE.
John Bardy. Gatesville, N. c.; DR..
4. Harrell, Whiteville, n. e.; L. j.
landler, Acton, N. &.
.,rsb Carolina Reform Press Association.
.1S4cers-J. L. Ramsey, Prestde"t |;
gFl0n Butler, Vice President &; ". ..
Trsaes. Secretary,
PAPERS.
Aersssive Farmer, State Organ, Raleigh, y. g.
TcSsioT, Raleigh, n. Z.
Nv Hickory, N. q.
FfIsr Whitakers, n. 9.
> Home Beaver Dam. N. @.
sPOpulist, Lumberton, =. y
e Peoples Paper, Charlotte, y. y.
sVpstihule Concord, n. @.
. PioV-R0v WadesbOrO o, N. @.
rOlinR Watchman, Sa lsOury, n u
Each of the abOve- named papers are
,laestcd to keep the list stGTsdtsag on
8 arst page and add others, proUtded
~ are duly elected. Any paper tGtE-
y 70 advocate the OcdLG platform tUELL
dropped from the ltst promptly. Our
sJ0Is can 71O1U see IUI1Gt papers are
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26

Eqch of the dbOre- named papers are
laested to keep the list standing on
8 srst page and add Others, proUtded
~ are duly elected. Any paper tGtE-
y 70 advocate the OcGLG platform tUELL
dropped from the list promptly. Our
JDIe can 71OtU see 1UI1Gt papers are
i,tahed IN their interest.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26

,rsb Carolina Reform Press Association.
.1ctcers-J. L. Ramsey, Prestde1t 1;
1Tlor Butler, Fice-P President; W. >.
Irsaes. Secretary,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-11-26

PRESIDENT F. Willetts, Topeka
an. o.I-- Ioh
non, Pa. DDD
secretary -Treasurer-Col. d. L. Dun
an. Columbia, s. q.