The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-12-27
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A PLAIN STATEMENT or THEM ny
PROFESSOR BURGESS.
No Possible Menace to the United States
In the a-veuezuelan
Boundary Dispute.


ference to a certain political situation. and
was Intended 10 meet that situation.
Briefly that situation was as follows: AZ
ter the overthrow Of Napoleon and his Eu-
ropean imperial idea, and the restoration
OF the princes Of continental Europe TO
their thrones, certain of these princes,
chief among them the Car OF hussia'
the Emperor OF Austria, and the King OF
Prussia, entered into league, called the
Holy Alliance, which, among other things,
pIelz,d all TO assist each in putting down
popular Instructions in the dominions or
each respectively.
That Is. the system here established
for continental Europe was league OF
absolute m0narchies. upon the principle
Of Intervention, 10 aid each other In sup
pressing all movements for consututlOnaS
government and civil liberty In either.
The restored Bourbon King or France
Joined the alliance shortly after IT'S origi-
nal Establishment. as did all the other
powers of continental Europe, except the
Papal States. on the other hand. Eng
land held aloof from II, refused 10 join II,
and condemned its principles.
'"rtc alliance first applied its principle
OF Intervention in the Neapolltan question:
I'm tS3i and restored King Ferdinand Nv.
IN next applied II in restoring King Ferdi-
nand VII. in Spain and suppressinS the
Spanish revolution of lSz2-3
1T was thought and feared throughout
ENGLAND and the United States that the
alliance intended TO lend Its power TO ring
Ferdinand I'm restoring his authority over
his rebellious provinces In Mexico ana
South America.
III WAS under these circumstances, ana
to meet this exigency, that England ana
the United States took counsel with each
Other and resolved to intervene against
this Intervention Of the Holy Alliance
powers and demand that the question be-
tween Spain and her rebellious colonies
be left 10 themselves. as purely Internal
matter. with which outside powers should
not NEEDLE. That Is. England aid the
United States resolved To assert the doc-
trine Of nOn-interventlon in the purely
internal Affairs of state by any other
state as a principle Of International law,
and to make the principle OF non-interNen-
ton effective by Intervening against IN
tervention
This was the Monroe doctrine as un-
derstoOd by it's orgfnators, nothing more
and nothing less Now the Holy Alliance
has been stone-dead for nifty years, ana
there is not an absolute monarchy IN
Europe this side of Russia. All Europe
has accepted the doctrine OF non-inter-
vention as the general rule of information
al law among Christian powers, and no
Christian state Is showing the slightest
intention OF violating IL as regards
another.
1T Is true that IN an entirely different
mart of Mr. MOnroe's famous message
there occurs the declaration that the
American continent was. at that time, all
occupied by soverelgnties capable OF gov
erning the entire territory OF II, and that
nothing more was open to occupation ny
any power as a new discovery. But TINS
was not then considered as any part OF
the Monroe doctrine, nor for many years
afterwards. although generally concedeh.
.The doctrine now put forward by
Cleveland and Olney is that when there
is a dispute I'm regard 10 boundary be-
tween two SOUTH American cobnl tries.
the one of watch Is n dependence of any
power whose political centre Is Euro
pean sovereignty. no matter whether that
sovereignity Is continental or insuar hb-
solutely mOnarchic or cOnsttutionaliy
Democratic. whether # does or ever did
belong 60 the Holy Alliance system or
whether there exists any Holy Alliance
system or anything Ike ii, then
the United States have the right
10 intervene and require the set
Element OF the question by arbitra-
ton. and II the motherland of the depend
cnt South American country refuses the
demand. have the further right 10 de-
termine this boundary independently Of
the two countries Immediately concerned
and Of all other powers. and enforce by
war. il necessary, that determination
upon the party whose political centre Is
a European sovereignty.
tA AL
is "A brand-new doctrine. II is nothing
short Of the doctrine Of protectorato or
tine United States over those South Amer
ican countries which are not dependencies
of n European mOtherland. J say ~ rs
nothing short Of that. and IL looks 70
me as n IL goes perhaps beyond that and
anproachos Mr.. Olncy's NapOleonic idea
that the United States Is practically
sovereign on this continent, and it's nat
IS law upon the subjects to which II con-
fines its interpOsitiony
Now II va are going TO het up new
doctrine of this sort. a very extra ordinary
Doctrine. one involving the interests OF
iho whole civilized world. I insist that We
should proclaim IL first In the abstract,
add rcpaat 10 in he abstract, until the
whole world shall have fair and sufficient
notice Of il: that we should except from
ifs cperati0n al vested interests ard
pending cases: and that we should pre-
mare ourselves with the standing military
and naval forces and the coast and b0un-
darv dcfences necessary 20 carry II into
operation. Perhaps some people don't
know what these preparations absolutely
necessary 10 the realization Of such
poliev mean. / will tell them in phrase.
IL means standing army OF Jp,Vp men,
"a navy Of 200 Wer-yessels, and an expen-
ditIre Of 81, l0o, OOOO 900 Of money per annum
I'm their support.
III Clevelands demand upon England
does not rest on this new doctrine Of a
protcctorate then Il can rest only upon
very old doctrine, much older than the
Monroe doctrine, namely. the doctrine tnat
whom one state undertakes 10 so Increase
its own power as 10 make itself menace
TO the existence and the peace Of another
state. the latter state may prevent the
same il il can.
.No man Of common sense can see ann
menace 10 the existence OF the United
states in this Guiana-Nenezuolan hound
arv question. II is perfect farce TO
so represent II.
"FinalIy. II we say. as many do, that
the United States Government must pro-
feet th. interests as well as the existence
Of our people which Is a matter OF course.
then | affirm that the greatest intcrna-
tional interest Of our people Is friendship
and commerce with Great Britain. our
exports 70 Great Britain very nearly
equal those 20 all the rest OF the world
put together. and amount 10 about as
much in a single year as the whole wealth
OF Venezuela.
ION the whole. have never read more
arrogant demand than that now set up