davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
THE USE OF A MARK.
Why the Dollar Sign Is Used to Preo.
 

Why the Dollar Sign Is Used to Preoede
 the Numerals.
 Did it ever strike you as being at all peculiar that we should use the dollar mark (S) before, instead of after, the figures in expressing the sum of five ten, twenty or any other number of dollars? We may say twenty-five dol lars" plain enough for anyone to un- derstand, but as soon as we put the ex- pression into figures and characters it is dollars twenty-five" (S25), instead of 25S, as 1t should be- Nor is this all that is peculiar in this connection: in every country which has written language and system of coinage the abbreviation for the unit of value pre- cedes the figures. In England the pound mark (s) is used in the same manner that the dollar mark is used in this country, while the same peculiar ity is noticeable in Germany, where the abbreviation m. (for marlS) appears preceding the number, just as tha French abbreviation fir. (for franc) is used in France.
 If the abbreviations are not used the legend is more apt to be correct We find that in Mexico they have e23 pesos" instead of ''ps15," as one mig ht expect, and in Newfoundland they have plain two-dollar piece. So, too, in France, where the abbreviation is not used, we find such pieces as "1o francs .'20 francs,' and 40 francs" In Germany they have piece marked TX thaler. which is all very plain, but the moment clerk, booklxeeper or other person makes an entry or iots down memorandum he tells you that it is '.th. K The English pound sign, which is believed to be the ola- est monetary abbreviation now in use. is the old initial letter by which the Romans expressed pounds" just as we use the '1bs.' It has been suggest ed that we use our money abbreviation backward, because that the Romans. in expressing pounds" always said libra decem," instead of s.deeem libra," the first being pounds ten" and the latter ''ten pounds" When their initial letter or character was used it always preceded the figures, thus, .elo," instead of the reverse. Thus the whole world has gotten in the habit of doing these things backward. St Louis Republic.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

that he who has been the most ,,o,. ]. ful exponent of it's progress durine Y past two decades is satisfied withe v health of it to-day and sure that ~ in condition to arrive by nat. growth at q vigorous maturity rs studio which is to be abandoned sists, as has been said, of three roos VI all with lofty ceilings and immss. wall space. Not one particle of ha ''s wall is visible in any of these roos " to-day. Tapestries completely cos. them, and over the tapestries are :. lures; while rare cabinets and cu,sp fs. chests are on every side. Upon ~, within these are bronzes, brass. swords, guns and pistols, spears ss N nets, breastplates and thousand m as, one other things which could onls mentioned in catalogue. He bsc' when he was boy in his western hass Sss and the habit of years will follow b;s Ny to his home in Stuyvesant square ny n. prodigality in this direction has h;tbs4 to kept him from accommodating weala What these collections will primo a+ ,.s4 ~ sale, which is to be held the saooss sas week in January at the rooms of tl American Art association, is mattas Y !, speculation. It will be a great snn, the aggregate, no doubt. but there r;s a be chances for bargains to which n amateurs are looking forward viii measurable expectations.
 Among the pictures that will oo :. the block are several figure pieces ass half dozen or more Iandscapes aos by MT. Chase himself. Several of tbas landscapes have in them that wondas ful out-of-doors effect which he ba. caught since he began spendine bis summers on the sand hills of Sh;nns cock. These pictures have been so as tensively exhibited not only in Nsn Yory, but in Boston, Philadelnb;, Cleveland and Chicago, that the ar. m loving public is tolerablyw acoaintaa with them. 1t must not be inferred that he has reproduced in these cas vases the same thing over and ovs, again. The pictures are alike as suu sets are alike, but they are as differept as each sunset is different from evers other sunset. Among his pictures. toa there will be many copies of themasters of Spain and particularly ot Nelasquez and Hals.
 In his collection he has fine headhv Rubens, recently seen in the portrait shown at the Academy of Design, apda splendid group by the famous Holland CT, Del1eyser.
 The sale of these collections will be notable in another regard, as MT. Chase has been for many years an insatiab!,
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

when he returned to America in 1877 at the invitation of the Art Students league, where he has been teacher ever since, he searched New York to find a place suited to his liking. At last he went to the famous old Tenth street studio building and made application for three vacant rooms on the ground four, rooms which had previously been used for exhibition purposes by the artists of the building.
 He had hesitated to go to this place because he disliked to subject himself to the scrutiny which each applicant for a lease had to pass. This building was the first ever erected in America for the use of artists, and for more than a third of a century the tenants were united in kind of unformulated brotherhood The one rule that made Chase hesitate was this: That if any tenant objected to the application of new man a lease was refused him. Now this building had long been the headquarters Of the Hudson River School of Art" Mr. Chase realized that his work was entirely different from the kind that these old school gentlemen admired. So his application to be permitted to work under the same roof with them was made with some trepidation and misgiving. But no one objected to him and he was soon To-
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

ness has been something marvellous to those who lack his technical facility and his enthusiastic energy. All this while, however, he has devoted the greater part of his time to teaching. He has had classes each winter at the Art Students league in New York and at the art school in Brooklyn, as well as in his own studio, and for years past he has conducted the well-lnown sum. nler school at Shinnecock hills on Long Island.
 With the exception of the summer school, he has decided to give up teach ing on the old lines. His work will hereafter be carried on at the house he recently bought in Stuyyesant square. As a kind of eliminating effort of hs teaching career he has made some very original plans for 1896 and 1897. On January 22, of the new year, he will sail on the Kaiser Wilhelm H., of the North German Lloyd line, for the Mediterranean, taking with him a class of artists and students to study the magnificent works of Nelasquez and other masters in the galleries and pulp
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

cated in the building oe which he has been tenant for IS years.
 Now, however, he is about to leave the studio which he has made famous. He gives up his lease at the end of the year, and his beautiful hangings, tapestries, pictures, bric-a-brac and other curiosities will go to the block of the auctioneer. In his determination to move from the place where he has worked so long, lie is at loss how to dispose of the thousands of things he has bought from time to time during the whole period of his apprenticeship to art, period which now stretches back over a quarter of a century. Since MT. Chase settled in New York he has been hard worker and has produced number of canvases almost bewil- dering in their variety. Reproductive
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

painter he wishes to stop teaching and devote his time exclusively to orig maj work. The great majority of American artists who have achieved fame within the past 15 years have profited by his instruction-some in the regular classes of the school room. others in the more intimate work of his studio in Tenth street. Among the lat ter may be mentioned because I hap pen to recall them at the moment, and not because there are not dozens of others just as distinguished-C. c. Cur ran, Irving R. Wiles, A. B. Frost, Mrs. Leslie Cotton, Mrs. Dora Wheeler Keith and Mrs. iosina Elnmet Sherwood.
 MT. Chase's new adventure in aban- donlng the class room and studio is a notable happening in the American world of art, for it is @ sure indication
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

purchaser of antique finger rings. In the cabinets devoted to this section Of his curios are no less than 600 ancient rings-rings that are beautiful, those that are historically interesting and those that are curious in construction and design. There are royal signet rings, with the usages of which all of us who have read poetry, fairy tales, or historical romances are familiar there are papal and other ecclesiastical rings; rings taken from the hands of Egyptian munnies, and other nor. tuary rings of many sorts; then there are rings of tokens, of inscriptions and notices; and last but not least, those tender offerings of love, betrothal and wedding rings. One of the latter is replica of the ring that Martin Luther used when he married Catherine yon Bora, the emancipated nun.
 MT. Chase had not been long in his studio when it's suitability for enter tainments was found out by his friends and associates. Always hospitable himself, he has welcomed his friends warmly whenever they called and has during each season, had stated recep tion afternoons. To be seen at one of these receptions, in the world which was not merely fashionable nor merely rich, was looked upon as great sociai distinction. The most notable event Ill the history of the studio was perhaps the famous dinner of the Tile club This club, of which Will Laffan was the wit and Hopkinson Smith the hu- morist and chief raconteur; of when Gustave Kobbe was the musician anu Abbey, Chase, Rheinhard and half hundred others were the artists, was never dined in such royal state before or since.
 The dark and narrow hall that leaos to Chase's door has been trod by the feet of great statesmen and powerlui capitalists, by arrogant beauties or fashion and humble models for the "all. together;" but in 8 little while it VII be darker than ever and only strangers will knock at the door where has hung for so long the Eolian harp which haf, moniously welcomed all who entereu whether mendicant or pnpil, wealthy sitter for portrait, boon companlon or shrinking maiden Trilby-Eise gon' mad. JOHN GILMER SPEED
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
A SHOT AT SILVER.
Secretary Hoke smith Talks on che
 Coinage Question.

Secretary Hoke Smith Talks on che
 Coinage Question.
 In an address at Atlanta, Ga. a few days ago the secretary of the interior, Hoke Smith, in referring to the cur rency question took strong ground against the free and unlimited coinage of silver and defended the course of the administration in financial matters.
 MT. Smith rehearsed the uses and functions of money and gave running review of the history of currency in this country The advocates of free coinage, he said, professed to want gold and silver treated with equality and vet the policy they proposed would be 100 cents worth of one in dollar, and only 50 cents worth of the other. He was not against silver. He wanted just as many gold and silver or paper dollars circulated in this country as could be kept as good as every other dollar. He ndorsed the bimetallic policy of Thomas Jefferson. he said, but he did not agree with the bimetallic fallacy of "Coin" Harvey. He argued elaborately to show that the free and unlimited coinage of both gold and silver at the present ratio would result in the establishment of the silver standard and the disappear ance of all our gold.
 The tide of the population and of cap itai was now setting toward the south ern people. who. of all others, had ocea- sion to dread a revolution. Free coin age would benefit no one and work vast haddships to all, especially to the cot ton planters of the south who have to sell their products at a gold standard price and buy their goods at an inflated silver standard valuation.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
CEASES FAMOUS STUDIO. STUD ff0
Art Center of Eighteen Years
 Standing About to Be Closed
HIS Collection Is to Be sold--A Rendezvous for Statesmen, Musicians, Fashionable Women and WouId-Be Trilbys-
 Chase's Projected Trip.
copYR1GHr. lsas.

For many years past the studio of Mir. Villain M. Chase, in West Tenth street, New York, has been one of the notable show places of the metropolis. Most American artists haye been con tent with rather barren looking work shops, but there is something. oriental in Chase's nature and & something which came to him no doubt in his stu
 dent days in Munich, where with his master, Piloty, he was housed in an old monastery, which made him look with something of a shudder upon the pros peet of working in rooms where the walls crowded each other and the ceil- ings were close to floors. Therefore,
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
ANTARcTlo EXPLORATION.
English Scientific societies Favor Fitting
 Out an Expedition.

English scientilc societies Favor Fitting
 Ont an Expedition.
 Three great British scientific soeie-
 ties agreed that it is the duty of the
 British government to fit out an expc-
 dition for thorough antarctic explora-
 tion. In Novem Der. 1893, the Royal Geographical society appointed q not able committee to inquire into the
 propriety of such an expedition and re- port. They reported in favor of nav ing the government send two suitable vessels to explore the south polar regi- ons, and keep them at it for three years. The report was adopted and transmitted to the Royal society which in turn appointed powerful commit tee. which. in May, 1894, reported strongly in favor of the scheme. At the beginning of the present year the council of the British association gave the plan It's vigorous indorsement, and it doubtless took further action on It at it's recent annual meeting in Sep tember.
 The plan of Dr. John Murray of the Challenger, who addressed the Royal Geographical society on the subject two years ago, was to send out two suitable government steamships of about one thousand tons each, have them start in September, land a com pany of ten men some where south or Cape Horn, and another in Victoria Land. and have these parties spend two years or more ashore, exploring | the Antarctic continent. The ships | would land the shore parties the first year, visit them the second and take | them off the third, and would spend | their own winters and all their other available time in deep-sea and other observations along the outer margin of the Antarctic ice.
 What may be found on the antarctic continent no man can say, Animal life in abundance was found last year at Cape Adair by Mr. C. b. Bereh- grevink, a young Norwegian, who sailed as one of the crew of whaler, | and whose account of his experiences excited great interest at a recent geo. logical congress in London. Mir. | BorchgrevinS wants to go back and | writes to the London Times pressing | for further and immediate resereh within the antarctic circle" It is held |  may exist somewhere within hale of | the south pole, and that such creatures as the ichthyosaurus may still survive in the antarctic seas. Seals and sea- birds are abundant there; what else no one can say; but many inquisitiye per- sons want to know.
 Our countryman, Dr. Frederick Cook, greatly desired to fit out an American south polar expedition, to start out this fall and catch the next antarctic summer, but his efforts in that direction seem not yet to have come to anything. Perhaps he will do better another year; but, at any rate, there seems real prospect that se- rious attempt to find out whatever can be known about the antarctic eonti- nent will be made before the present century ands -Harnar's Weakly
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
GOLD AND SILVER.
The Stocks of Both In the World Are
 About Equal

The director of the mint, MT. Preston,
 submits some estimates in his annual
 report which go to disprove the asser-
 ton which the free silver advocates
 have been reiterating for years-that
 one-half of the money of the world
 has been annihilated by the malevolent
 "gold bugs" Mr. Preston places the 1 stock of silver coin in the world at $4,- 074,5 0,O00 and the stock of gold coin
 at S40s6, ,s00,000.
 It appears, therefore, that almost ex- actly one-half of the money of the world is silver, the excess of gold being only the comparatively small sum of $16.- 300. .000, or less than one-half of 1 per cent. Of the silver coin the estimated amount of $3.439, ,3O0,000 is full legal tender The remainder, $631 100000, though limited in legal tender capaci- tY, is not the least important part of the currency of any country. It changes hands oftener than any other part of the currency. and is the medium of far greater volume of exchanges than any other part of the currency of equal amount.
 Another interesting statement made by Director Preston is that the esti- mated stock of metallic money in this country on the first of July was: Gold, $636, ,229 1895; silver, $625, 1858, ,949, or less than $10, 100000 more gold than silver. Still another close approach to equality is in the estimated value of the two metals used in the arts-$10, ,658, ,604 gold onJ c10 pQ2 O1Q SiIver
 But the coinage value of the gold product of the world is still less than that of the silver product, the former having been $1So626 100 during the last calendar year and the latter S216,s92,- 200. The difference has been greater heretofore, for the production of gold has been increasing much more rapid ly than that of silver. Not many years ago the annual output of gold was only about $130,000,0O0, while the output of silver, coining value. was not much less than it is now. It was this much more than the discarding of silver as a stand ard by number of countries that caused the great fall in the gold price of silver.
 uc ClOSluS Ol GuIOlJedu lul4bS anu later of the India mint against silver unquestionably exerted powerful de- pressing influence. Our own legisla- tion did not. because. as Mir. Preston says, the act which in fact discarded silver as standard in this country was passed in 1853. not 1873. Gold has been our actual standard ever since 1884.
 The rapid increase in the output of gold which is now taking place will tend to restore the old value relation between the metals. It is not likely, however, to favor the project of inter national bimetallism as some persons suppose. An abundant supply of gold will deprive the advocates of that proj- ect of their strongest argument and confirm those European countries that have adopted gold monometallism in the belief that they have acted wisely. If we open our hints to silver at the old ratio the prospect is that we will have to act alone.-Chicago Chronicle.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
A DYING CRAZE.
The Decadent Deius ion of Free Silver
 Loonies.

The Decadent DeIus ion of Free Silver
 Loonies.
 The failure of ex-Congressman Bland, of Missouri, to command an audience of more than one person in Savannah is significant of the dying out of the free silver craze at the south.
 MT. Bland has been for many years the most persistent and prominent champion in congress of free and in- dependent coinage of silver at ratio of sixteen to one He was the father of the "Bland dollar" which the people re- fused to use, but permitted to accumu- late by the hundreds of tons in the treasury vaults. He belongs to the school of statesmen who disdained to consider the worlds standard of value and asked: What is abroad to us?" He asserted the omnipotence of congress in the matter of moneymaking, and insisted upon giving 100 cents of value to 50 cents worth of silver by fiat of that body.
 Last year the voters of Missouri con- cluded that they had had enough of Mir. Bland and his vagary, and they left him at home. Now he takes to the lecture field and, in southern city of so,0oo inhabitants, in a state to which MT. Crisp has made an appeal for the sena- torship on the same issue, Mr. Bland's agent sells one ticket for lecture.
 The defeat of Hardin in Kentucky and of free-silver candidates in Illinois and Nebraska are indications of the same nature. Bimetallism on an in ternational basis will come some day, but the Missouri school of bogus money is at low ebb.-N. Y. World.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

...It would be more expressive if young Bryan and lis free siIverites would call their .'Trans-Mi Mississippi congress- the Sub Mississippi congress. Louisville Courier-Journal.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
Search for Facts.

Philanthropic Old Gentleman How in the world did you ever fall to this state?
 seedy Individual-I am reporter, sir, and I've got an assignment to write an article on the evil effects of drink. Judge.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22

lie buildings of Madrid. The next year he will take a similar class to Holland. He will conduct the classes at Shin necock in '96 and '97. possibly g trifie longer, and then his work as a teacher will be ended.
 His career has been most notable and one need have no hesitation in saying that he has worked more effectively for the advance1nento of art in America than any other ten men of this day or of any other day. With an enthusiasm which has never grown tired he has worked with unexampled zeal in and out of season to inculcate the idea that art for the sake of art is the only rule which should guide those who adopt it as serious career. Al first the "old- timers" were indignant and called him an "insolent innoyator," 8 French fad ist" and other names that strongly ex- pressed disapproval. But he kept steadily on in what appeared to him the right direction. He joined the So- ciety of American Artists and was for more than 12 years the president of that association, which he has helped with all his might to keep up to the best ideals. He was elected member of the National Academy, and in that body he has been leader in spite of prejudice.
 Now in the ripeness of his powers as
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-12-22
No Knife.

Stranger tsarcasticaily)-I hear you use knife in partaking of your water here.
 Chicago Man (with dignity)--P Fossil bly, some of the lower classes use a knife, but everybody who is anybody uses a fork, Detroit Tribune.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1895-01-04

MUILAN, Idaho. Dee. 20. 1sJi
We. tine undrr> gued members OF MuIiau
Miners union. wish 20 say pub .icly that we were
present at the meetings held b. tine cOOpCrators
at the Morning mine while Mr. sullivan worked
there, aud. IN common Justice 10 him, We here
in empha' icallv deny that Mr. sullivan said
that 'he j prepared 10 sacrifice his lie In fight
ne the Miners union. rs published I'm the
Idaho state Iribtui, from a Muan correspond
cnt.
We characterize such n false and malicious
report as put-upiOb and an outrage against
the good name Of any honest workingman.
lie who steals my purse steals trash: but he
who robs me OF my good name filches from me
q thing dearer than life itself. Shakespeare.
W. H. HOLMAN.
Rec. Sec. Mullau Miners Union,
I. &. O'CONNELL,
III T. MAYNARD.
JAMES GORNAN,
JAMES Fox,
OTTO kOIN.
i X WORDROP.
HARRY MERRILL,
PETER NELSON.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1895-01-04

at an expense of over $1,000 for each
opera, and in richness of material, beauty
Of design and harmony of color have
never been surpassed. The Calhoun
Opera company carries n well balanced
orchestra of soloists, which in itself will
be a rare treat. Among the well known
artists and favorites that will be found in
the cast are Alice Beauvet, Adele Earring
ton, Gertrude Lodge, George Lyding,
Douglas Flint and Teddy Webb. This
being the first light opera engagement in
Anaconda this season, and the fact that
it is one of the very best comic opera COM
panies, composed of so people, and that it
carries its own orchestra, should mako it
the success of tho season up to date.