The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-08-25

| Cape Adair, and a landing was made on
a peninsula that ran into the bay, termi-
mating IN a long pebbly beach. II was then
that BOrchgrevinck had the opportunity
TO set upon shore the first living foot that
mad ever trodden the continent OF the
south pole. He gathered some specimens
OF rock and cryptOgamOus plants, and kill
eo Two or three Of the pengusns, which
We're found In great numbers. Some OF
the birds were as high as loo feet above
tne sea- 10 reach which elevation must
have cost them three days Of climbing.
Sape Adair Is in "A degrees south latitude.
/ .>sfesiSreTick thinks that ships eossia win
| Ter there, so that an expedition into the
| interior might be started thence In sum
mer.
II seems surprising how few attempts
nave been made up to date 70 explore the
regions Of the Antarctic The ChalIeng-
er barely crossed the circle in 1874, and It
| may falrly be said that geographical re-
search IN that part of teh world has been
suspended for half a century. The expe-
uluohs OF Wilkes d'Urville and Ross al
| most simultaneously sailed around the cir
Gle crossing It here and there but attain
ing high latitude only south of New
Zealand They marked the outlines Of the
| cOnunent crudely on their charts. Ross
| got 10 within 100 miles of the south mag
netic pole, his chief object being to make
| magnetic Observations. These observa-
| IRON
| the scientific point of view.
| Inc first expedition Of exploration in
| the Tar southern seas was undertaken by
| aware Mendana, a Peruvian, in 1867. In
1870 the South Shetland Islands, to the
southward of Cape Horn, were discovered
| ~ the Dutch. Eight years later the New
| heDFlues were located by second Peru
Wan expedition. In 1872 La Roche, a
/ ffenchman, reported the finding of South
i Georgia Island. A French ship in 1772 put
QoWn on the map of the world Kerguelen
Land, IN latitude 40 degrees south and long
ltuoe % degrees east, named after its dis
/ coVerer, De Karguelen The latter
thought that he had found the Antarctic
continent, but 1t was only barren island
OF large Size. A colony Of about seventy
people maintains itself there now by hunt
ing seals and other animals.
The first exploring expedition of serious
| Importance was that of Capt Cook who
reached latitude II degrees Notwith-
standing his belief that his record would
never be surpassed 1t was broken fifty
| years later, in 1923, by WeddeH who got
10 II degrees and IS minutes south, hav-
| ing pushed his way fearlessly through the
| pack Ice. There he found an omen sea
ana many whales, the waters being COW
cred with birds. In 1881 Biscoe landed
at Adelaide Island and discovered Graham
ana Enderby lands. The Frenchman
| q UrVille sighted Adele Land in 1910. but
ne was unfortunate in being preceded by
only few days by Lieut.. Wilkes, who. in
charge OF an epedition from the United
states, skirted the same shore through
6O degrees of longitude. He was unable to
make landing, owing to the immense ice
cap which descending from the coast, ex-
tended for several miles into the sea. 1t
presented a perpendicular face 100 to 200
Ieet above the level Of the ocean, unbrok-
en- by indentations.
The so-called Adele Land was in truth
a part of the Antarctic continent At
about the same time Sir James Clark Ross
made his famous and successful expedi-
ton, twice crossing the Antarctic circle.
In 1871, he sighted portion of the coast
or the continent, wi ish he called Victo-
ria Land. 1t was crowned by mountain
ranges from 1000 to 5000 feet high. He
coasted along for a distance of 500 miles
until brought to a pause by a perpendic-
ular wall of ice 200 feet high and running
east az, and west, In front of him rose a
which voinited forth smoke and was light
ed up at intervals by flashes of red flame.
At the foot of this fiery mountains was a
large bay, on the other side of which
was another volcano, equally gigantic, but
extinct. This was in n degrees south
latitude. The bay was choked with ice.
Ross named the two mountains "Erebus''
and Terror" after his two ships
The next season Ross continued his ex-
| plorations, reaching rs degrees and 10
minutes south latitude. Nothing of mo-
ment was accomplished, however, and the
same mays be said of his voyage in the
following year, when he once again sight
! ed the two volcanoes. In 1874 was made
the expedition of the Challenger, whose
attention was almost wholly confined to
making sounding and fishing up forms OF
life from the depths of the sea. AS
has been said, the ship barely crossed the
Antarctic circle. In the autumn of 1897
four steam whalers started for Dundee
Scotland, to look for right whales in the
southern seas. They were provided by
the Royal Geographical Society with scien-
tifc instruments for observation. They
visited Erebus and Terror bays. Seals
of four species and plenty of ''hunchback''
and ''bottlenose'' whales were found, but
none of the whalebone producing kind
In December, 1898, Capt. c. A. Larson, OF
the whaling ship Jason, attained a latitude
of Sc degrees and AZ minutes. He crossed
| the Antarctic circle south of Cape Horn
the weather being warm and the sea full
of whales and seals. He sighted Graham
Land and followed the coast for 230 miles
( The shore was high and rocky, with the
inevitable barrier of ice cliffs The land
was covered with Ice. with glaciers flowing
down. He came across many volcanic is
lands, one of which was lofty and had
/ the shape of a sugar-loaf mountain The
ice was melted for considerable distance
around it, and about the top and on the
| slopes We're numerous funnel-like holes
/ from which black smoke arose. On some
of the islands the penguins were so numer-
GUS that their nests were thickly crowded
in square blocks intersected by paths run
| ming at right angles. From the ship
masthead the rookeries looked like hair
brushes, the penguins representing the
| bristles.
Among the authorities to whom the writ
er is indebted for information are DIR.
! Cyrus C. Babb of the United States Ge-
illogical Survey, DR.. F. A. Cook, and the
diary Of the Norwegian Borchgrevinck.
THE BEE INDUSTRY.