davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
ASUALTIES.

Robert D. Sewers, 26 years old, fell.
from fourth-story window of the Erie
hotel in Chicago and was instantly
killed. Sewers was an oil inspector for
Henry Mckinney, near Nashville,
Tenn, accidentally killed two sisters. A
rife discharged prematurely.
While practicing on a bicycle at
Swanville, Pa, John Lossie, the sta
ton agent, fell against passing train
and was killed.
Louis Penne, agent at Cleveland, O.,
for the Metropolitan Life Insurance
Company, was drowned by the capsiz-
ing of boat.
A South Chicago electric car crashed
into a wagon containing five persons.
The wagon was demolished, one woman
was killed, another woman probably
fatally injured, and third slightly in
jured. Two young men were slightly
hurt
At Owasso, Mich, David c. Hoods
2-year-old son drank carbolic acid and
died.
Bill Fields, a mule driver, and Neal
Brandie, a miner, were killed in
mine accident at Birmingham, Ala.
In a Cincinnati Southern freight
wreck, caused by broken axle, near
Danville, KY, Thursday night, Stanley
Davis, from Chattanooga, and D. r.
Stokes, a negro from Georgia, both
tramps, were killed. Five other tramps
were slightly wounded.
At Pratt mines, near Birmingham,
Ala, train of tram cars going up
long slope broke loose and ran back
down at fearful speed. William Fields,
who was on one of the cars, was dashed
off and mashed to death. Neal Brandie.
mine boss, was run over and died
from his injuries. Two mules were
killed and a dozen men narrowly es-
capped death.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
MEMORIAL DAY.
Kenosna observes the Day for Decorating
Her Dead Soldiers Graves

Kenosha decorated in patriotic style
Thursday. The day was very general
ly observed as a holiday here, and most
of the stores and buildings along Main
street were draped in holiday attire
with the American flag and red, white
and blue bunting. The parade and ex-
ercises of the day by the societies were
the features of the day. The parade
started at 9 o'clock and lined up as
follows: Chief of Police Stemm as
marshal of the Cay; the police force,
guard of honor consisting of eight vet
Grams in arms, American flag, band,
Uniform rank of the Knights of Pythias,
the German Veterans, city council in
bus, the Fred S. Lowell post, G.. A. R.
and W. r. c., ex-soldiers and citizens
in carriages. The line of march was
north from the G.. A. r. post hall on
Main street to Market, to Congress, to
Wisconsin,, to West, to Prairie avenue,
to Ann street to cemetery.
At the cemetery the order of exer-
cises included the ritual service of the
G.. A. r., including prayer and gen
eral orders by the adjutant. School
children sang a few selections in honor
of the unknown dead and strewed their
graves with flowers. The decorating
committee of the g. A. R. decorated
the graves of the soldiers and the fir
ing squad fired a salute in honor of all.
The return from the cemetery was by
way of Park avenue to the post hall,
where the parade was dismissed.
In the afternoon the G.. A. r.. boys
went to the high school to listen to the
exercises by the children under the
direction of Prof. WiSWall.
With the genial citizens the day was
generally spent in pleasure seeking
after the exercises.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
Ia "a :3r1]FF - -:
Chicago & North Western Railway.
KENOSHA STATION.

GOING SOUTH.
No. So Kenosha Accommodation. 700 "
*No. 4-Ashland Express. 800. 8.o8 "
No. Chicago Passenger. ...... -. 8.43 :
$No. 8-ChiCago Express. ............... 9.53
enc. 1o-ChiCage Express. ...1I.53
No. 12-Mail and Express. ......' z.30 p m
*No. Ia - .............. asa
No. o8-Kenosha Accommodation dep. 500 q
mo, I6-Chlcago Passenger. 8:II "
GOING NORTH,
*No. I7-Ashland Express. .............. 4:Io a. m
No milwaukee Passenger. ........ 40 a. m
*No. 3-Mail and Express....., 9.57
No. snail and Express. .......... I2.48 p m
No. milwaukee Passenger. -. -. $3.50
*No. o. Howard Limited $3.50. 40
Kenosha Accommodation. arrives. $50
1" -. 600
*No 1I-Ashland Express. .............. OBS "
*No 13-Green Bay Passenger. ......... o.2o
emo 15-Miwaukee Passenger. ...... 49,. I2.45 a. m
No. I17-Kenosha accom-. Sunday only 1912 "
;ENOSHA DIVISION.
~No 40 Pass. Arrives from the west. ...8.35 a. m
No. 4I2 Accommodation. ......... -. ....I.4o P. IN
TRAINS GOING WEST.
enc. All Passenger AGO p m
No. 423 Accommodation. ......... .....2.3o p m
81 Daily. All others daily except Sunday.
GEO. B. Villas. Agent.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
EREE!
To Christian Endeavorers
POCKET GUIDE PO CT n Al
The Convention City.


The Pass enger Department of the
Big -Four Route have issued very fine
COZ venient and attractive Pocket Guide
t., the City of Boston, which will be
sent free Of charge to all members OF
the Young Peoples society of Christian
Endeavor who will send three two cent
stamps to cover mailing charges to the
undersigned. This pocket guide should
be in the hands of every member OF the
society who contemplates attending the
18th annual convention, as it shows the
location of all depots, hotels, churches.
institutions. places of amusement,
prominent buildings, street car lines,
etc., etc. Write soon, as the edition Is
limited. E. @. MCCORMICK.
Passens er Traffic Manager, Big Four
Route, c ncinnati, 0. Aft
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
INTER OCEAN AND rEIEGRApH-couR1ER

The Two Papers one Year for SLIGO Paid
in Advance.
We have again arranged with the
publishers of the Chicago Inter ocean
whereby we can furnish the Inter Ocean
and EGRAPH-CoURIER at $1.60 a
year, payable strictly in advance. dw*
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
FIRES.

Fire started in Janasch Bros meat
market at GaIien, Mich, and before it
could be stopped destroyed ten build
ings, all in the business part of the
town, south of the railroad Loss about
$4,000, the only insurance being on
Prince Bros stock, $4,000. DR.. Peck
fell from a roof and broke an arm.
Bold, Ellis &Co., wholesale stationers
in Montreal, were burned out. Loss.
$50, 900.
Flames in the Kansas penitentiary
did $4,000 damage.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
Southwark Ho!

Farmers who are seeking to better
themselves should go South! The
Queen and Crescent Route offers mill
lion acres of farms at So to S. an acre,
(on easy terms); and low round trip
land rates to principal points. Go and
see. No blizzards. No cold waves.
Fine schools and churches. Hospitable
peonlH Send for books and informa-
ton. W. G. Rinearson G.. P. \, Gin
cinnati. O. IA
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06

Both the method and results when
Syrup of Figs is taken; it is pleasant
and refreshing to the taste, and acts
gently yet promptly on the Kidneys,
Liver and Bowels, cleanses the sys-
TEN efectually, dispels colds, head
aches and fevers and cures habitual
constipation. Syrup of Figs is the
only remedy of its kind ever pro-
duced, pleasing to the taste and &C.
ceptable to the stomach, prompt in
its action and truly beneficial in its
effects, prepared only from the most
healthy and agreeable substances, its
many excellent qualities commend it
to all and have made it the most
popular remedy known.
Syrup of Figs is for sale in SOC
and 81 bottles by all leading drug
gists. Any reliable druggist who
may not have it on hand will pro-
cure it promptly for any one who
wishes to try it. DO not accept any
substitute.
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP co.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
LOUISVILLE, Ky. NEW YORK. N.Y.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
Does This Mean You?

Many of our readers are owing from
one to five years for their TELEGRAPH
COURIER. The date opposite your
name on the margin indicates the time
to which your subscription is paid
Now We need the money and it is due
us. Please figure out the amountilt
the rate of u! cents month and re-
nit Respectfully,
If The PUBLISHER
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
POLITICAL.

The Tennessee legislature will meet
in extra session to consider legislation
submitted by the governor and not
reached during the regular session.
Ex-Congressman Bryan addressed a
monster meeting in Memphis in reply
to Secretary Carlisle.
The New York Democratic editorial
association declared against free silver.
Secretary Carlisle is being doomed by
the anti-free silver democrats for
president.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06

When Baby was sick, we gave her Castoria.
When she was a Child, she cried for Castoria.
When she became Miss, she chung to Castoria.
When she had Children, she gave them Castoria.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1895-06-06
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.
County Officers.
Bristol.

George Curtis, Chairman. ......... Bristol, Wis
@ H Waldo, Town Clerk Pleasant Pra1rle,
Gav Edwards Treasurer. ........ Woodwork, :"
George Shepard, Assessor.
c E Williams, Supervisor.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-11-18

We wish to notify the Justices of
the Peace that they can procure at
this Office, blank Summons, AfIida-
Wits and Undertakings on Attach
ments, Writ of Attachments, Criminal
Complaints, Warrants, Commitments
on Sentence and Commitments to APP
pear before tho Grand Jury, good for
any county in the State.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-11-18

LoGut' SIA,4JO IL
SUMMARY.
Total receipts. .S17,G59 81
Paid from county funds. 6,617 AZ
Paid from school finds. $3.50 65
Paid from road funds. 1873 O4
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-11-18
JOINT STATEMENT
AUDITOR AND TREASURE,

AUDITOR AND TREASUfsIGIk
OF ELIkO COUNTY.
For the Quarter Binding Oct. =,
1905.
STATE OF NEVADA,I
County OF Elko. fS's'
AUDITORS OFFICE.
Oct. 7, 1895
To the Honorable Board Of County CommIs
sloncrs of Elko County, Nevada.
GENTLEMEN: We herewith submit our Omar
tclly Report of the Finances Of the Comfy
Tor the quarter ending DC E, 1895.
Z. E. BILKEY,
Auditor.
JOHN HENDERSON,
Treasurer.
RECEIPTS FROM ALL SOURCES.
Bal in treasuryJuly l, '95. .S12,80G Is
From general licenses. 1,62l OOm.,<s
fees collected ...... 57S 81
" Per prop tax 1895 L ,O37 II
" Poll tax. 1888 90
Board prisoners -. $50
Del tax q p II r Co
for 1889. ........,.. OFT 67
net proceeds mines. rs
Total. ...... ......S 5,OOI &c
Less commissions allowed
by law and included
in fees collected ac-
count as follows:
Personal prop tax. ...... G2 q
Poll tax. ............... 70 30
General licenses. ........ 81 %
Proceeds of mines. .... OF
Total ........ ....... 1851 81
Net receipts. .......S 4,7G3 AZ
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-11-18
Total disbursements. ,S12,495 II

balance in treasury. ....S 5,164 46
The above balance stands to the
credit OF the various funds as per
Ireasnrer's Balance Sheet, dated
Sept 80, 1895:
TREAsUREE'S BALANCE SHEET.
Cash in Treasury to tie credit of the
various funds, Sept 30, 1895:
Due from State fund, ...... 81, 024 81
In general county fund.-. 1,O8O OF
In cash contingent fund. 1897 80
In lndIgent sick fund. So. 10 II
In county school fund..... 459 81
In officers salary fund.-. $50 80
In road fund. .......... ID CT
In County High School fund 45 O6
Total Observation-Disclosures 1856 Al
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24
ArTlIE CENTRhL UNION.
Religious worK Ia American Colleges
Discussed by Old students.

A large audience attended toe
Central Union church last even
ing to hear former students OF
various American colleges tell
about the religious work carried
on at the different institutions.
The gathering took the place of the
usual Wednesday evening prayer
meeting.
Among those who spoke were
Mrs. Taylor, wife of the first pas
tor of the Fort street church, and
Chief Justice Judd of Yale, Judge
Frear of Yale, j Q Wood of Har-
yard, Rev S E Bishop of Amherst
CD Lyons of Williams, w l War
riner of Wesleyan, Arthur Wood
of Oberlin, Professor French of
Dartmouth, Mrs Taylor of Mount
Holyoke Seminary, Mrs Judge
Frear of Wellesley, Mr. Perry OF
Wooster Polytechnic and MI
Emerson of the Institute Of Tech
nology.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24

City Carriage Co.. j. S. And
rade, manager. If you want a
hack with good horse and care
full driver ring up Telephone 1l3,
corner of Fort and Merchant
streets Hack at all hours.
BicycIers are likely to get cut,
scraped, sprained, bruised, or
some way hurt. No matter which,
an application of Readings
Russia Salve will take away the
smart and pain, and cure the
trouble in a hurry. Thousands
of wheelmen never go on the
road without it. Why should
youf 25 cents buys it of any drug
gist. Handy box FOR your pocket.
Hollister Drug Co., ACTS.
THE BEST TREATMENT FOR CHO-
LERA-When promptly and pro-
perly treated a recovery is almost
certain. This was fully demon
strated during the prevalence of
Cholera in New York in 1866.
Go to bed as soon as the first
symptoms appear, remain as quiet
as possible, and take Chamber
lain's Cole, Cholera and Diar-
rh@a Remedy in double doses
until the pain ceases, and then
after each operation of the bowels
more than natural. Send for a
physician, but take this remedy
in this way until he arrives. The
remedy should be kept at hand
ready for instant use. 1t should
be taken within five minutes after
the first symptoms appear. Cham
berlain's Collie, Cholera and Diar-
rhGa Remedy is the most success
full medicine that has yet been
produced, not only for the milder
forms of bowel complaint, but for
the most viruent forms of Asiatic
Cholera. For sale by BENSON
SMITH g. CO. 114-lm Il
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24
LATE EDITOR KAwAINUA.
His Funeral Given state Features aud
Largely Attended.

Largely Attended.
The funeral of the late Joseph
U. Kawainui, editor of the Kuokoa,
took place at a O'Clock yesterday
afternoon. Rev. H. II. Parker con-
Quoted service at the house. Inter
mentwas in Kawaiahao churchyard.
The procession was headed by u
platoon Of police and the Govern
ment band. Pall-bearers were:
John Enn, J Lot Kaulukou, S K
Kane, Joseph Nawahi, j Kama
kanui, L } Testa, John Il Bush {,
John Mott, E X Lilikalani and
Wallace II harrington.
Messrs. Ena and Mott repre-
sented the Council Of State, of
which MIR. Kawainui was mem =
Der, and Messrs, Bush, Tesla and
Harrington represented the press.
President Dole, Minister Hatch
and King. Chief Just 80 Judd and
Judge Cooper, with many other
officials and prominent residents,
attended.
Mr.Kawainui Was 81 years of age,
his birthplace being the island of
Maui. he died suddenly at a
o'clock in the morning, while do
ing some editorial work in his
house. The cause was heart
disease, from which he had suffer-
ed some time.
Mr.. Kawainui received a sound
English education at the Royal
school. He learned newspaper
work under H. nj. Whitney, while
that gentleman was publisher oil
the Kuokoa in the seventies
Afterward he started the Hawaii
Pae Ana, conducting it for four
teen years until 1892, when the
Gazette company employed hlu
to edit the Kuokoa. tie was d
member Of the Privy Council il
Kaaukaua' reign, elected Repre-
sentative in the Legislature o.
1888, and appointed a member
of the Council of State Of the he
pubic, Mr.. Kawainul was al
active member and Sunday schoo
teacher of Kawaiahao church
and bore II good character in the
community. His sudden deatt
is generally regretted.
At special meeting prior tc
the funeral, the Council of State
passed resolution of coincidence
with the widow and two children
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24

Mechanics Home, corner Hotel
and Nuuanu streets. lodging by
day, week or month. Terms: rs
and so cents per night 81, and
$l.25 per week.
G. r. Harrison, practical piano
and organ maker and tuner, cal
furnish best factory references.
Ordres left at. Hawaiian News tCo.
will receive prompt attention. All
work guaranteed to be the same
as done in factory.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24
Cured

A morbid appetite for strong
drink (alcohoD by drinking our
mild, refreshing Seattle Beer. On
draught at Criterion.
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24

In order to impress upon your
mind the fact that the Seattle
Brewing and Mating cos beers
are Mild, Light and Lively, we
below give the average per cont of
alcohol in various liquors in COM
p,r,SOn
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24

TO ALL WHO USE PAINT:
romC
to
andsel
atent or Peeres Peer Paint
the 26th day September, 1885, the Republic Hawaii to
Walton No no. to
PAINT throughout Islands
Preserv in
the words PEERLESS PRESERVING
public of IiOwan for the term 20
parties San Francisco been
but which positively which applied
Bevvare o
all
be obtained only Ab and Walton.
Warming
that sold
ourl of
selling such
damages by usi n accordance with the Hawaiian Law
l.. G. ABLES
H. p WALTON.
Honolulu
Evening bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1895-1912, 1895-10-24

OF the same material as the PORTIERES
with beautiful Center Floral Designs. A
fine boarder around each piece heavily firing
ed; all sizes from a small stand to a large
extension table, price 81. to $3.50.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-18
ST. HELENA WINE SALE.
HOming Pigeons to Be Used
as MaiI-CarrierS to
Alaska.
FREsNo'S RAISIN COMBINE.
Hotel Men to Meet at Santa Bar
bara-A Fatal Accident at
Raymond.

SACRAMENTO, CAL, June 17.-When
the iailer began to lock the prisoners in
their cells in the County Jail this evening,
he noticed that one was missing. An i'm
mediate search was begun, resulting in the
discovery that John Anderson, a one year
man, had cut hole through the brick wall
of the washroom and decamped.
Anderson is Swede who was arrested
by the citizens committee in a tramp
camp on the levee during the excitement
which followed the Weber murder He
was sent up on two charges getting six
months on each. One was for having
burglars tools in his possession, the other
vagrancy. The escaped prisoner is be-
Heved to be dangerous man and Sheriff
Frank Johnson has offered a reward for
his capture.
In order TO have escaped as he did, the
prisoner must have worked with remark
able rap;dity, as the washroom is in part
of the Jail that is constantly frequented by
prisoners and employees.
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-18

down to the ground and the tall dry grain
made a moving wall of fire twenty feet
high, which extended north and south for
q mile.
Edward j. Wilson, who rents 600 acres
of the McClay tract, lost every spear OF his
wheat crop in less than five minutes, so
rapidly did the wall of fire cross the large
field.
The flames did not stop in their south
east course until they reached the Sacra-
mento road. Several hundred acres in the
HARRISON and Page tracts, north of the
McClay tract, were also swept by the lire,
which ran against the wind almost as
rapidly as with it.
From all accounts no houses or barns
were destroyed, although several dwellings
narrowly escaped destruction.
The residence and outbuildings on John
Kennedy's ranch. one and a half miles
east of Vacaville, had close call. The
ranch is on the Sacramento road and
directly in the course of the fire. The
buildings are surrounded on the north and
east by the McClay tract, and the grain
was planted close to the fence, which is
not over twenty feet from the house and
barns. The fences were burned to the
ground and cinders covered the premises
for several minutes, but the fire failed to
cross narrow strip of plowed ground on
the inside of the fence.
AT present the loss cannot be estimated,
but it will be very heavy, for the crop of
wheat was unusually good. The burnt
strip is about three and half miles long
and two and half miles wide. No less
than twenty-five miles of fencing was to-
tally destroyed. For time it was feared
that the fire would spread to the river on
the east and across the immense grain
fields to the north. Had it passed the
orchards and summer fallowed grounds in
those directions an area no less than
twenty miles square would have gone up
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-18

The fire started on the estate of the late
Henry Peters, across the hills from Vaca-
vile, on the west side of the Sacramento
Valley. On this property about 900 acres
of wheat had been headed and stacked.
Through this stubble the flames raced
faster than horse could run, sending
clouds of dense smoke and, cinders high
into the air. Stack after stack of headed
grain was burned like tinder
The fire spread to the south and east
with alarming rapidity. On the hills east
of Vacaville good view was obtained and
dozens of the townspeople repaired to the
elevations to watch the fires progress.
After running for three-quarters of a mile
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-18

in smoke; nothing could have saved it.
This is the worst fire in this section of
the country for many years. The first sign
of white smoke that arose at the west end
of the broad level Sacramento Valley had
the same effect upon the farmers that a
general alarm of fire has in the large cities.
They knew what it meant and were quick
to act. Within five minutes all of the
public and private roads leading to the
scene of the. fire were filled with farm
wagons, roadcarts and buckboards.
Every vehicle carried weather-beaten
farmers and their help, all armed with big
buckets and wet grain bags to fight the
common foe. The men spread themselves
The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, 1895-06-18
SCHEME OF A TACOMA MAN.

HOnting Pigeons to Serre as Mail Car
riers to and from Alaska.
PORT TOWNSEND, WASH, June IL
The Iong-agitated question as to how to
secure direct and speedy communication
with Alaskan ports appears to be about to
reach solution through one of the simplest
methods imaginable, and one which, in all
previous discussions, has been entirely
overlooked.
In the past five years Alaska and her re-
markable products in precious metals and
valuable pelts have become of the greatest
Importance to the commercial world, and
almost without cessation engineers and
air-castle builders have been wrestling
with the proposition of securing some
communication with the great Northwest
Territory that would place the balance of
the United States closer to her than the
two-steamer a month service by which
means tidings from there are now received
1t has fallen to the lot of Tacoma man
TO suggest a scheme, which, from present
indications, will fulfill the requirements.
This plan is simply to utilize carrier
doves, and already experiments are being
made in that direction. Over a month ago
the first pigeons were brought half way to
steamer City OF Kingston, and upon liber-
alton few directly back to their cote in
Tacoma. The route for the pigeons is
being gradually extended, and at an early
date a consignment will be sent to Juneau
from this port on one of the regular
steamers, 70 be liberated on arrival there.
II the birds arrive home in safety, then a
company, with sufficient capital, will al
at once be formed to establish cotes in Ia
coma, Port Townsend and Juneau and
Sitka. BY means of these gentle birds il
is hoped that the long and tedious delays
of mercantile and official business with the
big Territory will be avoided.
The grave necessity for some such ar
rangement was shown in the recent seizure
of the schooner Shelby in Bering Sea by an
American revenue cutter. Had the car
rier-pigeon system been in vogue at that
time, the authorities at Sitka could have
at once been apprised of the partial refusal
of Great Britain to re-enter the compact OF
last year, and what might have involved
the two nations in diplomatic contro-
yersy would have been avoided.