The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1895-02-04


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N.ir fHH HaH
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n wh un hf taerIg b..
sears aHsN tHr numlff oi
a as NI Nst sul "a curious He-
FEasafaffei faraus e-Ii increases d1iiv.
auN fara lufIutHr rrneralIF thinks that
fH. Industry nas waiting inr biz particular
Nff.. NIau. and fhaf De- BIAS solved the prob
lrn. HarFCas che difference in expense of
uurkInr ONE Kind Of vat and another b.
generally "a very small matter. The Flee
tro-l hemicai Company ~ England has a
ucw plant fer 100 horsepower for
this work. The Allgemeine Elektrictats
Gescll schaft ~ putting down 2J9o horse
power for soda manufacture. IL viii. how
ever, take many thousands of horsepower
o. make any appreciable portion of the
chemicals now used. Ozone has attracted
many inventors. Messrs. Siemens dl
Halske Of Berlin have been working at
this development for some time and have
obtained interesting and important re-
suits. Mr.. Andreoh has been doing good
work, and bleaching, as well as sterilizing
and disinfecting, by ozone may become an
important industry in the future, but is
hardly so yet. In America A. Wolff
has done great deal with his electrozone
IN disinfecting garbage and in treating
germ diseases.
GRAPHING SUBMARINE CABLEs.-It is said
that one submarine cable is laid at depth
of $4,000 feet, though the statement is
doubtful. But there are at least three
cables working in a depth of nearly II 900
feet, and four in about 10000 The vast
majority lie in water about Il, 200 feet deep
or less. Some sections of the Pacific cable.
when it finally gets laid, will be submerged
in perhaps, $1,000 feet-three thousand
five hundred fathoms-from which it is
easy to infer that the work will be difficult.
and that repairs viii be costly. Running
out a new cable into the still depths of
ocean is a delicate and ticklish lob. but
when 1t comes to bringing up a section for
repairs after 1t has lain for years subject to
all manner of deleterious action by earth
quake, sitting, accumulation of debris, cor.
rosiOn and strain, across valleys and
chasms, the skill demanded is of the high
est order. The apparatus also has to
be at once sensitive and strong.
AS IS generally known, the cable
repairing steamer proceeds to the point
where calculation shows the break or dam
age to have happened, and then lowers a
grapnel, which it slowly drags across the
route OF the cable at right angles. AS soon
as tension on the grapnel rope is noted.
due to catching the cable, means are taken
to bring up the cable it has hooked and great
pains have to be taken lest the precious
treasure trove slip off at any stage of its
journey up to daylight. Special grapnels
have been devised for this important work.
In one of the latest the prongs project from
a hood like the claws of crab or turtle.
Should any of them come in contact with
rock on the bottom of the sea they recede
within the shield sufficiently to let the
grapnel glide over the obstruction.
HIGH VOLTAGE RAILWAY WoRK.-The
limit of pressure hitherto set in street rail-
way trolley service has been about 500
volts, because above that figure it is not
quite certain that anybody who should re-
ceive the current accidentally would re-
main alive to tell all about it. But where
electricity is applied to main roads taking
the place of steam, a work that has already
begun, there is no good reason, it is argued,
why the lower pressure should be adj
hered to when by raising the voltage
the amount of copper in the circuit
can be enormously reduced and other
economies can also be effected in certain
parts OF the equipment. Steam roads have
their right of way, their tracks are not in
vaded by all manner of outside traffic and
1t would be both easy and safe to apply the
higher voltage to them. Indeed It is pro-
posed to use not less than 1000 volts on each
of the sections between New York and Phil
adelphia when the line is finished, of which
so many links are even now complete. The
chief difficulty will come up in Insulating
the motors 10 carry the higher tension
without breaking down, exposed as they
are to all the dangers of the elements.
ARC LAMPS AND SMELLs.-Recent investi-
cations confirming casual notes made
through many years past go to prove that
the rays of the arc light have decided
therapeutic value, and that the naked arc
i. e., without glass globe--may be
very useful disinfecting agent in hospital