The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-01

EfzHf~H-Nr. mace WAY upon h4-@&s anu
after A few successes bis forces fell back
ia alarm before the Russians. and II
a6rafnopIe was accepted the treaty OF ms,
by which Russia established more firmly
ftx protectcrate over the Danubian pro-
vfnces. declared ths Boxporus and the
D~ardanelies open TO all merchant ships.
secured assurances for Greece, and IL
sisted upon an indemnity that was not
collected, but was held over Turkey as
a menace. Greece became independent
Mehemet All rebeiled. and the sultan.
after a disastrous war with him. maze
over 10 his vassal Syria and Adana- This
forced Turkey into an alliance with Rus
Fia- b the treaty OF Hnnkiar-Skslessi,
Is33, II was secretly stipulated that the
Dardanelles should eventually be closed
to France and England and be always
open to Russia. Tae Russian alliance
did not prevent Meheret All from renew
ing battle against the sultan. refusing
tribute, capturing Gambia. n defeating
the Turkish army at Nisib. where the
Turkish feet went over 20 the ksF pIans.
But Russia had gone too far In the trea-
~ OF Hunkiar-Skelessi. The western pow
ers refused TO recognize II. France and
England. while holding a~ntagonisiic poll
cies. appeared with their fleets In the Oar
danelles to compel the abandonment by
the car OF the treaty so advantageous
to- Russia After the remuneration OF tho
treaty by Russia, England and Russia,
with other powers, except France. COM
bined with Turkey TO suppress Aehemet
Ali and restore TO the porte its power IN
Egypt and Syria IL was not long now
ever. before another war between Russia
and Turkey concerning the protectorate
OF Servia. led 10 Intervention by the pow
ers in favor OF the autonomy OF Serv1a,
as proposed by Russia. A revolt in Al
bania; cruel and bitter feuds between the
Christian and Mohammedan tribes in the
Lebanon. resulting In the massacre or
the Christians; differences with Greece
In Is47, revolutionary movements in the
Danubian principalities in is4S kept Tur-
key In trouble and increasing discred1t,
so that I'm isie. after the suppression by
Russia OF the Hungarian government. the
Emperor Nicholas. flushed with a sense
OF his power, proposed TO a BRUSH am
bassador a plan for the division OF 1.-The
sick mans inheritance" as soon as ADD
ul-Mejid should expire
a new dispute as TO the right OF the
car TO protect the Christians in Turkey
brought on the Crimean war. England,
France and Sardinia entered into an Of
fensive and defensive alliance. The war
that was begun in Wallachia was trans
fered to the Crimea. When SehastOpol
fell. in $50. the treaty Of Paris of 1856 was
arranged. Western jealousy OF Russia
dictated it's terms. To the Ottoman en-
pire were guaranteed Independence and in
tegrity: foreign interference with its in
ternal affairs was forbidden; a joint guar
antee OF the liberties and p~rerogatives of
the Danubian prineipalities, under the
sovereignty OF the porte. was given; Rus
STA ccded 10 Turkey that part of Bessara-
via adjacent 10 the mouth OF the Danube;
the Black sea was neutralized. the car
and the porte engaging not TO maintain
warships or Rrsenals there. The porte
published a irman abolishing "every dis
tinctiOn making any class of the subjects
of the empire inferior TO any other class
on account OF their religion, language and
race" and establishing complete equality
between Christians and Mohammedans,
TO which the powers responded by admit
ting the porte to the advantages of the
public law and concert of Europe.
The porte's assurances amounted 10
nothing. Disturbances among the Chris
tan subjects of the sultan soon led to
Intervention by the powers. Massacres
i'm Lebanon. in 1860, led France to land
a force in Syria. WallaChia and Moldavia,
united as Roumania. Bosnia and Monte
negro. took up arms. Servia got rid of
it's Turkish garrisons. Turkey remon-
strated. when a Hohenzollern prince be-
came the Roumanian ruler; but the sign
ers OF the treaty of Paris consented, and
"the sick man" was too feeble TO persist
in opposition.
There was very little hope In Europe,
In 1850. OF Turkeys regeneration after the
treaty or Paris. Its craftsmanship became
constantly more hurtful. Insurrection in
Crete. Herzegovina and other places had
been put down with barbarous severity.
AS Turkey declined, Russia rose. Eng
lane took alarm at the prospect OF adj
vances into Central Asia. Having a pop
ulatton Of n~ationalities and creeds OF great
variety. all but the Ottomans detesting
Ottoman rule. the porte has substituted
n rule OF stern repression for lack OF
craftsmanship equal to a wiser and more
humane course. The repression is heav-
lest where severity Is least needed. Tur-
key has made excuse for her severity by
declaring that IL the power OF the porte
were 20 be relaxed Greeks would light
Siav. Alhanians fight Slavs and Greeks.
n Mohammedans would fight Chris
tians. Russia's neighborhood has con-
stantly been an encouragement to the
Slavonians TO despise Turkey.
The insurrcction In Herzegovina in 1875
was distressing 10 Mr.. Disraeli. then prime
minister. and 20 Lord Derby. the minister
OF foreign affairs. Popular feeling in Eng
land indicated a desire that there should
be Intervention TO stop hloOdshed and re-
store order TO the disturbed provinces.
4 joint note from Austria. Germany and
Russia To the porte declared that prom
ises OF reform had not been kept, and that
combined action by the powers was neces-
sary 10 compel fuldllment OF Turkeys
broken engagements. England held off
until urged by the porte 20 sign Turkey
looked upon England as a friend and al
", and when ~Eugland's signature was
secured II was accepted by Turkey as an
assurance OF protection. Turkey promised
again. and having promised. went on as
before. giving 10 the most difficult OF gov
aHnrermnr sarnENYera YAa vs~~aa 1910 -
tense OF EFFORT where statesmanshlp OF
the highest order was needed.
Russia propOseu a meeting Of the DOW
erS AZ Berlin. 10 consider hoS Turkey
should be forced 70 keep her broken en-
gagemrnts. England hesitated. Lord Der
by fearing 10 be drawn into a dangerous
CompltCstion. The refusal was fatal to
the success Of the attempt made by Rus
ga. War was seen 20 he inevitable. In
an outbreak Of NOhammedan fanatlc{sm
AZ Sslonica. the French and German con-
suls were Killed. Revolution broke CUT in
"Coustartiuople The sultan. Abdul-Azig.
was dethroued. and a day or two after
ward committed suicide. His successor.
MUraa. eigncd three months when no
was isthrouet and his brother. Hamll
put - his place. Bulgaria rose i0 insur-
rectlor The R8shi-Bazouks swarmed in
80 bulgaria. and soon the w~ell-authenti-
Gated accouuts OF the horrible maSsacres
they had perpetratcd were stirring with
indignation the heart Of the whole civil
seed world Women and children. as wen
as men. were murdered by wholesale.
NF bsrirH was largely responsible fs~
tAc failure 81 ENGLAND 20 respond PROMPT
~ ana FIRMLY 90 stop the Bulgarian afro
cities The Turks were really ENCOURAGED
6y Euglaui's indifferent attitude Tor.
while Mr.. ulsr3eA was laughing or t1e
horrible stories from she East. the porte
was assuming ilat this was ,he English