davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
A Hard Task.

Gen. Geary tells a doll story OF a
Col. P%epperton. a high-toned. ante-Dei-
lurI, hair-rrigger South Carolinlan OF
the old regime, who lived on a grea'
estate at BluefieldS. The colonel went
down to Frog Level, a place much ire
quented by sports. He approached a
table where Capt. Bill Sykes, the great
card sharp and terror, was dealing, anu
intimated his desire to take a hand III
little game, at the same time laying HID
six-shooter down on the table in front
of him. The captain looked at the
colonel, who was known to be a deao
shot, and then remarked: "Colonel, l
haven't doled a fair game in twenty
years, but under the circumstances VIII
try to do the best l kin."-Washingooh
Post.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIG.Hopu
If You XIII One Of These Yor ~.
Call Yourself a Sportsman.

IF You XIII One Of These Yop NJ
Call Yourself a sportsman.
At last we have reached that ea,,.n.
fellow, the mountain sheep or big horn
A r clif-dweller is he. Born und.
the shelving rocks Of a beetling c,tfr
,ometimes actually Graded in the SNOW,
and reared in the stormy atmospber.
Of high attitudes, he IS a typical NOM.
taineer. Wherever you find him a..
home, depend upon it. that you will
also And the finest scenery of the dis.
trict.
This animal also loves a birds-ey.
view OF a mountain landscape as Well
as does a member Of the Geological
Survey. A steep descent with a mar
row, level valley and a thread.lik.
river spread like a relief-map three
thousand feet before him Is his delight
In former times he was venturesome.
and often wandered miles away from
his mountain home to explore tempting
tracts Of bad lands; and. being unmo.
Tested, he sometimes took up a perma.
nent residence in such places. But the
venturesome inhabitants of low, iso.
lated mountains and shelterless bad
lands have paid with their lives for
their pioneering, and now a mountain
sheep is rarely found elsewhere than
amid mountains worthy of the name.
Kill one fine old mountain ram bv
.your w efforts in climbing and stalk.
inG. and we will call you a sportsman.
with a capital S-provided you save his
head for mounting. and his flesh for the
platter. But no ewes. mind yOn! Ewes
and lambs count against you, rather
than to your credit. Can / ever forget
how l once travelled all the way from
Washington to Wyoming. killed Just
scenery, preserved him. carried his
"~saddle''to Washington. and called my
pleasure trip a complete success! Harl.
ly. Even the recollection of it is worth
four times the money it cos
That particular mountain sheep stood
four feet three inches in height at the
shoulders. He was four feet ten inches
In length Of head and body, and his
girth was three feet eight inches. He
lcaped off a low ridge Of bare rock. fell
dead on a foot of snow in the head of
a rock-wallcd gulch, and oh, boys. how
fine he was. Up in the mountain park
he had been paving through the snow
to get at the spears of dry grass that
were there ohtainable; and In spite Of
he difficulty of the process, and the
pitiful scantincss Of the grazing, was
~astonished beyond measure at finding
that his stomach contained fully half
a bushel of that same grass. He was
not only in good flesh, but positively
fat; and from the fact that to save our
lives Fleming, the packer, and l, both
muscular men could not lift him upon
a mule to carry him to our camp, and
for other reasons. am certain that he
weighed at least three hundred pounds.
st. Nicholas.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
GEN. p. w. HARDIN,
Nominated by Kentucky Democrats
for Governor of the state.

~ n1bthSh bCH1otIutd
for Governor of the state.
The nomination of Gen. l.. w. Har-
din for Governor Of kentucky by the
Democratic state convention at Louis
vile was the result Of a canvass Of
extraordinary excitement and is likely
to De followed by a campaign of un-
eXampled activity. Hardin is the best
handshaker in the State and one of it's
best orators. AS an el%ectionecrer he *
cells even Senator Joe Blackburn, an
other Kcntuckian whom everybody
calls by his first name. MI. Hardin is
a rich man and will not be hampered
by a lack Of money. AS to the man
agement of the campaign no n car
give him any points in the game.
Hardin has been Attorney General
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
lar purpose. II Is illustrated and de,
scribed in the Scientific American.
Tan Shoes

Commodore Sicard. in command a,
brooklyn navy yard, who has been
annoyed by the dress of some Of the
younger officers, has posted the follow
ing order:
THE wearing of articles of dress not
i'll accordance with the uniform reru-
lauons, especially tan-colored shoes
and highly colored neckties, is strictly
prohibited"
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
CORsETT'S HANDSOME WIFE.

Was Once q Reigning Beauty in San
F~rancisco's bohemia.
Mrs. James j. Corbett. wife Of the
champion pugilist. whom she sued for
a divorce, IA nee the beauty of Santa
Cruz, her cares rival in that regard
being her sister Georgia. Georgia and
Ollie Lake remained in that city until
they exhausted all its possibilities of
conquest. Then they went to san Fran
cisco.
The beauty Of the sisters created no
less Il sensation in San Francisco than
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Twenty five years ago Noble Prentiss
began work as "A reporter on a Topeka
paper. and his first assignment was to
report a fire in an old building owned
by Colonel John Richie. What COM
pany are you insured in -" asked Prem
tiSs Of the Colonel. Il am insured with
God Almighty" exclaimed Richie.
We'll. your company appears TO have
gone back on you" replied PrentiSS.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

A compulsory school law has just been
passed by the Legislature of the State
of Pennsylvania. The million school
children of the keystone will soon OK
perience its good effects. Ignorance
must go. Intelligence is the order of
tho daV
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Preaching by telephone is certain to
be one of the next things in order and
in vogue. To connect Il pulpit by
phone with any number of homes and
inyalids' chambers would be easy
enough. In this way the preacher IL
any church might be listcned to AZ
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Maxim's cavalry gun. which fires 700
shots a minute. weighs bur thirty
pounds and can be carried on 4 SOL
dier's back. The European idea that
there is no future for the cavalry arm
Of service will have to be dismissed. A
regiment Of mounted American raiders
with the new gun would soon illustrate
the necessity Of good cavalry and plen.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

The United States Consul at Mozam-
bique shot Il kafiir merely because he
vas robbing the Consul's house, and
the Portuguese authorities take this
severity of the Consul in an unkindly
shirt
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

That was q grateful surprise which
mot tho Iowa school teacher who was
engaged to q nobleman. For her cour-
ageous devotion to him the yong
woman ia rewarded by the discovery
that he Is no nobleman at all.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Mark Twain's publishing house has
gone into bankruptcy-an incident
which, coupled with the fact that aS an
author the humorist acquired Il oln
Portable fortune. seems to contradict
the prevailing theory that the publish
fralways thrivesat the haplesS authors
eXDonSc.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

II is destined to re
main 50 as long as
Old Glory waves.
All lovers of tho ia
vorite paStime will
b e Interested to
know that there is
still living In New
Haven. Conn. the
father Of baseball.
Dr.. Danl. l.. Adams.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

one consequence of the battle of the
Yalu is the proposal made IN Europe Of
establishing a naval Red Cross Society,
whose vessels. painted in some distinc-
tive color. shall accompan" hostile iees
and pick up the crews OF vessels sunk
in action.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Now comes a doctor, not soured to-
wards humanity, who declares that
kissing tends to the cure Of dyspepsia.
In the absence Of dyspepsia the same
process will be accepted as a proven
tive.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

1t is evident that after a survey of
the situation the British Government
came TO the conclusion that Venezuela
and Nicaragua were regions which
grabbed.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
A New Kind OF Waterproof Cloth.

A new kind of cloth is being made in
Lyons from the down of ducks. hens
and geese. Seven hundred and fifty
grains Of feathers make rather mare
than a squareyard Of light and very
warm waterproof cloth
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

orc" =. c.'r. Y ncnially would II ne a
popular thing for the leading hotels to
open the par!ors of l Sunday morning
by telephone TO any desired pulpit or
choir loft.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Nj. Armour's admission that he is
losing II cents apiece on steers doesn't
seem to call forth the public sympathy
that a man In distress deserves.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Judging from history and hearsay.
we should say that our Puritan ances-
tors were never happy unless they were
unhappy.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

"Will the new woman swear! asks
an exchange. She will if she has one
half the provocation that the Sterner
sex has.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Constantine BuckaleW Kilgore, he Of
the mighty Congressional boot, has
been elevated to the United States
bench in Indian Territory. 1t looks
now as if Buck had no kick coming.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

1t Is a sweetly solemn thought that
even if beefsteak scars upward out Of
reach Of the average mortal Goldfish can
still be bought for the same old figure.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

The chief clerk Of the Cincinnati
Board Of Health has died from exces-
sive cigarette smoking. This is what
We regard as a disgraceful scandal on
the Cincinnati Board of Health.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Peter Jackson, the colored pugilist,
thinks he would make an ideal Othello,
and no doubt he would, II he would
confine his acting to that portion Of the
play which pl 'c.'rS act l, scene J..
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

The Car has given to Or. Zaccharin
O jeweled snuff box. on which is a por-
trait of the late Gar, and is therefore
apparently not hopelessly enraged
against him.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Ex-Queen LII is said to spend most Of
her time in jail in singing and dancing.
1t must be a terrible strain on the other
prisoners.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

ing for the second husband Of a woman
who is under arrest there for bigamy.
Have they examined her balloon
sleeves?
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

The h~en-pecked husband who misses
a train he has promised his wife To re-
turn on catches it" when he gets home.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
FATHER OF BASEBALL.

He Is Still Living in New Haven, and
IL an Octogenarian.
No sport is dearer to the heart of the
true-born American than baseball. 1t
Is distinctfvely u national game. and
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Next to rolling off a log, the easiest
thing is to tell other people how they
ought to bring up their children.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

q victory without raising a finger or
investing q cent.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

When the conscience goes on a strike
the proprietor will feel better if he ac-
cedeS to its demands.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Annexationists say that what Canada
needs Is lot so much a Cabinet-maker
as a Joiner.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Whenever enterprise gets Thoroughly
in the air it ceases to be a matter o.
wind only.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

We wonder what the "man's page
in the daily newspaper of 1900 will be
like.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

keep the first one from unScrewing,
the second nut being called the jam
nut, or lock-nut.
The elastic nut, however, locks ITSELF
1t Is made from spring steel, being cut
from a bar and then bent into q ring
the ends joining In n dovetail split
The ring Is then pressed into heXagoh
shape and tapped a trife smaller than
Its bolt, so that, when it is wrenched
on, the split opens slightly, making a
firm and constant hold on the bolt.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

i woman should at least have enough
enthusiasm to indicate what pieassS
her.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Don't feel ashamed if you cant pias
the piaro; be proud of 1t.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
AN ELASTIC NUT.
AIN ECNS 10 Nut.
II Fakes the Place of the SO-Ca1led
Jam-Nut, or Lock-Nut.

Jam-Nut, or Lock-Nut.
This ingenious device is designed to
do away with the necessity of putting
two nuts on a bolt ma is to be kept
tightly in place. The old plan was to
put on one nut, and then another to
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

The weeping willow should be plant
ed In tiers.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

A man In a peck Of trouble Is In q
measure to be pitied.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

The men you don't like are mighty
apt to be better than you think.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01
Comp

hba recon,
h. Tho cond
Ii ,onon,or
hr,l ,nn,i,.,
hovp nv.
Ien, Tonc
L. oubut @
knooi,.ohlo
antdanre,,
\ mo,, It,,
h.. +ha
=,
III nn'.a,. -
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-08-01

Nd no
y say a
| this novel;
bis have
|br't is evid|
I've given IT
bong the NJ
a.
tilting'' clu1
Face on still
q less tina
tgle corps a
ectat0fS w
)yel process
H. da,,iDp
hthe stills
| verican vii
| Z are II
| LOT stilts:|
| light but |
| tng eno1
hem to hold
E foot rest
Med at thJ
The Kosciusko star. (Kosciusko, Miss.) 18??-1898, 1895-02-15
Free Pills.

Send your address to II. E. Bucklen
& Co.. Chicago, and get a free sample
box of DR.. Kings New Life Pills. "A
trial will convince You of their merits.
These pills are easy in action and are
particularly effective in the cure of
Eonstipation and sick headache. For
malaria and liver troubles they have
heen proved invaluable. They are
Guaranteed to he perfectly free from
every dcle,srious substance and to be
nurelv vegetable they do not weak :
~ hv their action. Regular size 25c
per box. Sold by Harvey x Roby.
The Kosciusko star. (Kosciusko, Miss.) 18??-1898, 1895-02-15
Notice for Publication.
Land Office at Jackson, Miss,
January l6, 1873.

Notice is hereby given that the fol-
lowing-named settler has filed notice OF
his intention to make final proof in
support Of his claim, and that said
proof will he made before the Circuit
Clerk Of Attala county at Kosciusko,
Miss, on March ,, 1898, viz: Melissa
Harris, OF Kosciusko, Miss, II Z NJ.
1891, for the 5 hIt Nv qroec II I i5N
RI u,
He names the following witnesses to
prove his continuous Sesidence upon
and cultivation Of said land, VI: Jim
Biggs, Henry Hines, A Il Hines, Geo.
Lord, all of Kosciusko, Attala county,
Miss.
ROBT. Z. WILSON.
Register.
The Kosciusko star. (Kosciusko, Miss.) 18??-1898, 1895-02-15
FACTS!
Positions Guaranteed.

under reasonable conditions. Do not
say it cannot be done until you send
for free" 120 page catalogue-Draugh-
on's Practical Business College and
School of Shorthand. Typewriting and
Telegraplly, Nashville. Tenn.
Four weeks by nraughou smethod of
teaching bookkeeping is equal to y
weeks by old method. 1t eXpends
more money in the interest gifts En-
ployment Department than halt the
business colleges in the South take in.
as tuition It's strongly endorsed hv
Bankers, Merchants and practical book
keepers all over the United States
Reasonable rates Of tuition. Cheap
board. Open to both sexes. 600 stud
ents past year representing So States
and 1err' tories, 1t has also prepared
books for home study, sent on go days
trial when You write explain Your
wants. Address J. f. Draughon, Pres,
Nashville, Tenn. 1t pays cash 50 for
vacancies as book-keepers, stenogra-
pliers, teachers, etc., reported, provid-
ed it fills same
The Kosciusko star. (Kosciusko, Miss.) 18??-1898, 1895-02-15
Work for us,
w ork hard,
Work Long.

THE STAR is constantly work
ing for the upbuilding of this Sec
ton. When you help it you help
a good cause and you help the
country.
Get US up club and make $50
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-02
NEW YoRyk MARKETS.

Wheat-Spot Fowbut values doubtful. |
July quoted at 7'o'' September
20 corn-sp5t Grade fair; prices firmer.
July, 4s 1-se.; August, AZ l-Sc'; sep
e.3Iats-SrM firm with prices firmer:
No. . waite, 80 1-2c.; No. 2 mi1ed' ~
''Is p%ysHspot steady and moderate
,,.,nass Quoted; Extra prime
u,s,;nal pul short clear, 81. .5Oa$l4.So;
family, sl3.OOa$i4.5O; uasss' siS'S'A
, siII. I'D ~ Contracts are quiet and
stsady. September, SasE. 49,.
sOye ype,,itar-For fancy fresh creamery tns
arIat Ia steady on the basis OF /. i-as S
!. ,Sa Creamery, western extras, 1. l-sa
= iSo'. iSo stats dairy, half-Hrkin tubs, FANCY,
"a too;' % state dairy, half-hrkin, seconos
81 to firsts, 18al5 l-2c.
"a fThsesa-holders asking former prices
~ orae size full cream in light supply any
,.mssttled state, full cream, large slze
ui,;ta choice. Z l-2a7 $780,; large colors'
bs sancv 1873 a. 8-4o., state, part sUmi IN
nv lan?y ;cs 10. fair to prime, 8 1-Sa4 l-Sc'
ut. common, 2a3c. ,noaarata an
Isl Eggs-The receipts are mooela.V no sas s,sa' ~n
100 the feeling steady at 10 l-@c. ior iAe
northwestern. 81. ..a ~,
only a light demand prices have rui'
ua huvers' favor, N. 2. rose, lali
% nrime. S2.00aS2.o5; Chih req la.
on prime 81. .5OaS1. 10; Long Island ross'
kulk. per bbl.. $l.S7a$l.oo.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-02
ASSAULTED AND ROBBED.
Mrs. Mckenzie's Terrible Expert.
encc with a Fiend.

Simpson Grove, Pa. July 31.-Mrs.
Mckenzie. wife of DIR. Mckenzie of
Somerton, was brutally assaulted by a
tramp on bridge crossing the Bound
Brook railroad yesterday and robbed of
9 considerable sum of money. Mrs. Nc
Kenzie in company with her ten-year-
old daughter started to walk to Simp-
son Grove camp meeting, and when she
reached the bridge over the railroad near
Trevose station she was accosted by
the tramp, who knocked her down,
robbed her, and threw her over the
bridge to ar embankmeNt below, She
sustained severe injuries but managed
to walk back to Somerton, where she in
formed the station agent. A posse
started in pursuit Of the tiend, but he
made good his escape
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-02
Rifemens' Excursion.

Thursday, August sth, will be the
late of the 18th Annual Excursion of
be Frederick Riflemen to Baltimore
hid Bay Ridge. No pains or expense
lave been spared to make this the ex-
,nrsion of the season; the fare has been
Dlaced within the reach of all-$1.50
br the entire round trip, children half
hre, tickets good for three days with
be privilege of having them extended
b Monday, the 18th, making five days.
Hot coffee and a fine lunch for all, free.
Trains leave the b. & o. r. r. depot,
frederick, at 5.45, 600, sos, a. m. and
L45 and 4.2O p. m.; tickets good on all
fains that day and stop at all stations
! far east as Sykesville. Return ex-
prsion train leaves Camden Station
! II o'clock p. m. This excursion is
frsonaly conducted by Captain Beck
IN
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-02
AID FOR THE CUBANS
Two Large Expeditions
Successfully Landed.
Three Hundred and Fifty OId-Time
Fighters, Two Cannons, ZOO, 600
Rounds OF Ammunition, Dynamite
and Hundreds of Repeating Rio es
and Revolvers Taken In.

New York, July 3l.-Information has
been received in this city of the success
full lending in Cuba last Thursday of
two large bodies of insurgents who
brought with them two cannons. roo
600 rounds of ammrnition. 500 pounds
of dynamite, and hundreds of repeating
rifles and revolvers. One expedition
consists. it is said. of 27S men, and the
ether of IS men, almost all of them vet
Grams of the last revolutionary war in
Cuba Letters announcing the safe
landing of the two expeditions on the
South coast of Santa Clara Province.
Cuba, last Thursday were received at
the headquarters of the Cuban revolu-
tionary party in this city and their con
tents were instantly communicated to
the patriots in New York by Thomas
Estrada Palma, the newly elected presi-
dent of the party.
Started from Bahama Islands.
The expedition, Mr.. Reubens stated,
started from two bays in the Bahama
Islands and We're taken in small boats to
several sailing craft, which conveyed
the whole party to Cuba. The members
of the two expeditions were taken aboard
some of the sailing vessels while on
the others were placed he arms and
ammunition, thus avoiding danger from
capture. The two expo itiQns landed
simultaneously last Thursday on the
South coast of Santa Clara Province.
and, according to Mr.. Reubens, this
spot was chosen Us the most desirable to
enter Cuba for the reason that Gen.
Maximo Campos had withdrawn his
troops from that portion of Cuba to aid
him in the operation he was pursuing
in the eastern part OF the island.
New and Secret Explosive.
Bridgeport, Conn, July 31.-Thomas
Corroll of this city has gone to Cuba un-
der contract with the insurgents to fur
nish large supply of a high explosive
which he has the secret formula for
making. 1t is cheaper and better for
the revolutionists to make the explosive
on the spot than to ship it from this
country and all the necessary ingredi
ents can be found in Cuba. Mr.. Car
roll said Il am to he there six weeks.
With so men we can blow up 1,O00,0 900
of the best drilled soldiers in the world.
We can put torpedoes under water and
blow up ships and destroy cables.
Water or dampness does not interfere.