The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-04-26
prepared weekly. Tor The CITIZEN

ifTtlAEtu W ttklH, lot me OltiZen.l
1t has been contended by De Varigny that
an institution of experimental evolution
should be established for the purpose Of defn-
itely proving that one species of plants can
be transformed into new species. Mr. l..
Bailey, Of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, declares that this is quite unneces-
sary. Nearly every plant that has been long
cultivated has become so profoundly and ire
vocably modified that people are disputng as
10 what wild species it came from We can
not certainly identify the original species o
the apple, peach, plum, cherry, orange, lemon,
wine grape sweet potato, Indian corn, mel
on, bean pumpkin, wheat, tobacco, .chrysan-
themum and nearly or quite hundred other
common cultivated plants. 1t is immaerial
whether they are called species or varieties.
They are new forms, some Of them so distinct
that they have been regarded as belonging to
distinct genera. 'Here," concludes Mr..
Bailey, SIS the experiment to prove that evo.
luton is true, worked out upon scale and
with defniteness of detail which the bold
est experimental could not hope to attain were
he TO live thousand years The hortiCultu-
ralist is the only man in the world whose dis
tinct business and profession is evolution.
He, Of all men, has the expe mental proc
that species come and 60.
Between 1853 and 1886, states Prof. Schus-
tar thaoriae nf o. mnsuhario alantric;tv ,rara
proposed. The favorite causes cited are the
earth's rotation and the energy rotated by the
sun. The evaporation which goes on from all
large bodies OF water due to the heat is usu-
ally regarded as leading cause.
The primary colos those that cannot he
made by mixing other colors together-Were
taken by Thomas Young, to be red, yellow,
and blue; but Captain Abney finds from re-
cent experiments that they are really red,
green and blush yellow.
A motor supplied with highly compressed
gas was used on II tricycle. II or - years ago.
A company of Havre is now seeking TO apply
such motors to large and important operations,
its special purpose being the building Of
number of barges, each provided with its own
motor and capable OF more rapid progress than
is nopsInade with steam tugs for transporta-
ton service between HAVE, Rouen and Paris
The preliminary trials have been made with
an iron boat 100 feet long, having gross tom
mage OF about 300 tons Ordinary city gas is
used and this is stored under u pressure of
about 500 pounds per square inch in 80
steel tubes, each having a capacity of ~ cubic
metres, which are placed in a battery on the
hoatic 1apls A ,t.hOrsp - uaad
and this has given mean speed OF about
miles an hour in Trip OF A. mlvs, with load
of1I5 tons. This result is considered very
satisfactory With the improvements that are
sure to follow soon, it is expected that this
system of propulsion will be extensively used
for pleasure craft, hshing Smacks, and other
vessels, as well as for canal boat service.
4 X
The first steam engine in France was START
ed at the Azin Colliery in 1882. Few had
been built up to 1916, but the numbar OF boil
ers reached 3, 900 in 1888, exceeded 5000 in
1889, and had risen 10 ~, 9o7 in 1893 The
first railway, one of If miles between Saint
Etienne and the Loire was laid dow in 1928.
In lS4U there were l42 locomotives while in
1863 the number was 10, ISL In IS47 there
was Il sea-going steamers aud 1876 river
steamers The total power Of the marine en-
gines increased from 25l 600 he rse-power in
1879 10 673, 900 in 1893.
4 new and excellent liquid cement or glue,
according toa German authority, is made by
dissolving gelatin in a solution OF chlol al hy-
drate in water. For general purposes ordi
nary glue may be used instead of the more eX
pensive gelatins The cement thus made is
said TO dry quickly, TO have great adhesive
ness, and to remain unchanged indefinitely.
A portable telephone apparatus devised by
j Berhner, of Hanover, is intended to be used |
in connection with telegraph wires on open
tracks, for conversing with the next railway
station. The apparatus, with containing box, /
weighs only 5pounds.
Distinct tides in the atmosphere, correspond.
ing to those Of the sea and produced twice
daily by lunar attraction, have been traced by I
NJ. Bouquet de la Grye, in the barometic
records Of stations removed from powerful To-
cal disturbances. The recorded observations
of Brest St. Helena, Cape Horn, Batavia
and Singapore give positive evidence Ola reg.
ular ebb and flow according to the moons po-
sition. The effect is slight but measurable,
the greatest atmospheric tide al Brest being
show" in water
The Dlfrerence NJ l.50
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cen this pair of shoes that YOU are -
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