davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
'SS5RlGlN or NAVAL TITLES.

IL 1l0rrowod tlltary Terms from the tArs.
4 sss bsc. thu gthnish and tho Portuguese. #,
Sa IN the early days the rank OF admiral
was unknown: the chief officer of =
squadron was called a constable or JUS
tice. The term admiral as used now is
derived from the Arabic ''amir" or
'.emir," commander las in s'Amir-al-
Bahr," commander of the sea- The
early English form was '.am:ral," and
Is still preserved as such by the French.
The Spanish and Portuguese forms are
'talmirante," the Italian ''ammiraglio."
The title captain Is not naval but q
military one, says the Brooklyn Citizen.
Under the older organization the real
captain OF a ship was master, but
military officer was placed on board,
though he knew nothing about nauti-
cal affairs. AS the captain became big
ger and bigger the master becama
smaller and smaller until, at the pres
ent day, he fills a subordinate position,
which is gradually becoming obsolete,
being replaced by an officer under the
title of a navigating lieutenant.
Commodore comes from the Spanish
Recommendations. -. :. The title Lieutenant,
borrowed directly from the French, is
more modern, and is meant as place
holder, or one who took the place Of
the captain vixen absent. Sub-lieuten-
ant is still more modern, and ait the
same time nisnomer, as he never was
Rsub-lieutenant, but merely a mate, or
one who assisted. In former days we
had no cadets, but wolur teers. How
ever, with the gradual advance of po-
iteness, the more seemly terna'of cadets
was borrowed from the French, and
adopted as the title Of the young gen
tlemen in our navy.
In place of paymasters, the ships OF
old had :pursers, who looked after the
provisions. The naval pursar did more.
He had ;charge'Gf the stores Of the ship
and the money chest. Surgeons and
surgeons mates fulfilled the duties Of
the ,doctors. Chaplains are OF modern
introduction. Naval instructors and
schoolmasters ruled in their sbead.
The term mate was a rather universal
one and applied to all branches.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
A E.isherman.s Queer Catch.

''The most peculiar experience ever
had fishing said Col. Walton, accord
ing to the Buffalo Express, twas in the
st. Lawrence river. I had bite which
I thought must be large muskalonge.
After half an hours play with the fish
there was q hard jerk, and then he
came In easily. When landed it proved
TO be pickerel measuring thirty inches
in length. For twenty inches he was
scraped to the bone, the skin and scales
being entirely removed. The hook had
caught him under the forward fin, and
ne had evidently not bitten it. The
ash was dead when he was landed in the
boat. In that way / knew that the
oait had been taken by q larger fish Of
some kind that had partly swall lowed
the pickerel, and in his greed had taken
my bait, too. He had succeeded in
escaping, but the hook caught In the
pickerel, and robbed the big fish Of his
meal have never had 9 like ex-
perience at any other time, and have
been an enthusiastic fisherman tor
thirty years.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
INDIANS AS HUNTERS.
They DO Not Brighten the Game Out %
Districts. ~ White Men Do.s

They DO Not Brighten the Game Out %
Districts. - White Men Do.ss
e is remark often made by old
timers who knew the western country
when the red man was as common there
as the tenderfoot is now, said sports
man from the Rockies. that Indians
never scare away game from region
In which they hunt. But, they say,
wherever the white man comes with his
firearms game is bound to be killed of
or .triven away. These sayings are
true, with the qualifying statement
that by reasonable game laws game OF
all kinds can be preserved and even
when nearly exterminated restored to
almost it's original plentifulness in dis
tricts not too fully occupied by man
and his domestic creatures.
Note the Indian in hunting as he
searches out and steals upon the deer
or wild turkeys with his soft tread Of
moccasined feet. In the twang of his
bow string and the flight of the whist
ling arrow there is no explosive sound
to alarm the creatures near the one
that is struck. He, like themselves, is
in sympathetic accord with the tints
and tones: of plain mountain and for
est, and while endeavoring to match
their craft against his they are salts
fed with trying to avoid him without
abandoning the region where he abides.
It is when white hunters of the
sportsmen variety invade it's haunts,
their presence heralded by the tread of
their booted feet. their clothes alien in
appearance to the hues and contours of
the creatures of the wilds and their
purpose shown by the crack and crash
of firearms, that game begins to mi
CRATE to other feeding grounds. Add
to this the incre asing and indiscri1ni-
nate slaughter for saaughter's sake that
characterizes the white mans hunting
and it is easy to see why the depopula-
tion of the forest and plain, when I'M
restricted by law, is speedy and sure.
Ever since the general adoption by In
dams of firearms for their hunting 1t
has not been found that large game
has diminished materially in regions in
which the "white man is an infrequent
visitor, although Sir Samuel Baker, the
explore asserts Of African game and
predatory creatures that ''animai<s can
endure traps, pitfalls, fire, and every
savage method of hunting; bat fire.
arms will speedily clear them oeat from
extensive DISTRICTS
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
Substitute tor window Glass.

A peculiar substitute for window
glass, known as ''tectorium," is stated
to have been for some time employed
in Austria, Italy, Germany, Switzer-
land and Russia, as covering for hot
houses. marques, verandas, windows
Of factories, roofs Of stores, etc. Itisa
special, insoluble, bichromated gelatin,
translucent as opal glass and incor-
porated in wire gauze. It possesses,
we are told, the translucency OF opal
glass, is tough and flexible, bends with
out breaking, does not dissolve In
water and is not injured by frost Il
Is q bad conductor of heat, and becomes
stronger, 1t Is stated, the longer Il Is
exposed to the air.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
KEPT HER DARLING WARM.

touching Scene In "a Chicago Drug Store
During a Blizzard.
AS far Us herself was concerned She
held the storm lightly. She had On "a
little jacket not longer than a REFER.
ring pair of kid gloves her hands were
uncovered. 1t was in a drug store on
the north side, says the Chicago Trib-
71ne, when she came IN evidence. There
was crowd inside the door waiting for
a car. She WAS QUIT Of sight belnnd a
big showcase using the telephone. Aft
.er ordering uoilcloth for a room three
and three-fourtlls yards wide by four
yards long, and having forgotten to
: her say:
land was any sweet darling cold? 1t
is too bad, dear; NO matter, we will
soon be home
Tough weather fer baby to be
out, thought the car walters in cho-
rus. Then she appeared around the
showcase and put a bundle on the cigar
stand FROM the folds Of the envelop-
ing wraps was poked the nose Of as
thoroughly an unattractive dog as ever
took prize for ngliness in bench
show. The outer covering'o tho ami
NAL was heavily quilted and en-
broidered wrap of dark goods, Under
this there was delicate white flannel
covering worked with silk thread.
Both were of extent enough to go
around the dog twice. She adjusted
it's wraps carefully, SO that not even
the tip of it's tail was exposed, and
made out into the storm regardless of
her own unprotected face, ears and
hands and insuhiciently protected
body. 1t was all right, her darling
WAS safe
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
CATS EYES.
THAR Normal Form Is tho Same - the
Human I've.


The pupil of a cats EYE ordinarily ap-
straight, vertical black line. The ami
NAL seems to be looking through mere
Sits in the iris of its eye, especially
when it faces the light. In semi-dark-
ness the pupil widens into beautiful
oval. One is accustomed to regard the
narrowness of the pupil as the distin-
gushing popularity of the eyes of cats
All animals of the cat family share this
popularity.
And yet, according to the results of q
scientific investigation of cats eyes re-
Gently made in England by Lindsay
Johnson, the natural shape of tlleir
pupils is circular.
By varying the quantity of light en-
tering the eyes he has seen the pupils of
cats and tigers change from straight
lines to perfect circles, and while un-
der the influence of atropine, which
suspends for time the muscular con-
| troll of the eye, they are always cir
cular.
The normal form Of the cats pupil is,
then, the same as that of the human
! pupil, but when submitted to the influ-
ence of light its behavior differs. In .
, bright light our pupils become very
small circles. while those OF cat turn
into ovaas or narrow Sits. The general
effect is the same in either case-name-
ly, to diminish the quantity OF fight
! passing into the eye.
| Curiously enough, in the larger ami
mails OF the cat tribe, such as tigers, the
pupil sometimes behaves exactly like q
human eye, and when brightly illumin-
ated contracts into a minute circle i'm
stead of becoming linear. In the c.sse
of domestic cats the older the anisnal
the more frequently does the pupil OF
the eye assume circular form.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
MIGRATING TARANTuLAS.

How the Monstrous Spiders Move In
Bodies Over the Country.
An old military friend of mine told
; me not long since that in the summer
of 1859 he and companion were tray-
cling before day one morning, to es-
cape the terrible heat of the later
j hours along the bank of the ella river,
on the Arizona side, writes Rev. j. d.
Gillian, in the Christian Advocate.
jogging along and chatting as they
went, or listening to a distant tu-whit-
hu of some drowsy sand owl, their
horses suddenly snorted and stopped
short, and endeavored to turn about.
They brought their guns into position
and peered into the dissolving dark
ness, expecting to see some ''var1nint"
or skulking Indian, but nothing ap-
peared in view. They urged their
horses, but not step did or would
they bulge, except in the wrong way,
when their eyes lighted upon long,
black, fiat, serpentine-looking zone or
ribbon stretching as far as the eye
could reach in either direction and di-
rectly across their path. One of them
dismounted, and upon accommodating
found it to be nothing more nor less
than q mighty multitude OF silent, soft
footed. marching tarantulas, migrating
somewhere, they could not tell where.
Their animals could not leap over
them, and would not go through, so
there was but one alternative, if they
did not care to stay there, and that
was to return about two miles to where
they had just broken camp.
. Coming again later in the day they
found the host had passed by, but had
leftsin their wake thousands that had
been killed by a little enemy that fol-
lows them small bird that stabs the
monster spider to death wherever
found. "a II
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
A SWEDISH LEGEND.
The Queer Penalty Imposed by Satan $50
the Piper Family.

The Queer Penalty Imposed by Satan $50
the Piper Family.
! will repeat ones,f the many legends
told me by a charming Swedish lady
about the family of Count Piper, the
5well-known minister of her country ito
the court of st. James, says a writer in
the National Review. Once upon a
time the head of this house was bored
to death in his splendid castle, and he
yawned his thousandth .yawn and said:
II would I had even the devil to play
cards with me-" and at the word Satan
himself appearedin the guise of a gen
tleman, in which Shelley also knew
him. Oddly enough the devil lost his
money, and having none i'm his pockets,
for reasons best known to himself, he
offered the count, in full quittance of
all claims, an apparently golden chain,
remarling incidently that whenever
that chain was lost or injured the cas-
tie of the Pipers would dnfallibly be
burned.
This unusual announcement aroused
the winners suspicious, and, happen
ing to look under the cardta BILE, he be
nelU inc CiDVeu ItaOl. iuStetuGly tiG
sprang to the wall to reach down his
sword, for swords in those days, the
date of which cannot exactly give,
were always ready to the hand. But
the devil was gone and the chain alone
remained. On examination it proved
to be long and thin, with anoaumerable
little links, such chain as old gentle
men used to wear around their necks
for watch chains not long ago. An
assay discovered the metal to be some
thing other than gold, but could by no
means determine what it actually was.
An accidental injury to one OF the
links, however, caused 10y the hammer
of the goldsmith, cost the count a wing
OF his castle, and a second injury and a
temporary loss Of the chain having re-
snlted in second and in \ third fire,
it at once became apparent that the
devil would keep his word. Each sue
cessixe head Of the Piper family has
worn that chain around his neck from
the day of his accession to the day OF
his death.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
ROMANCE or THE MOUNTAINS.
The Story Of . Fugitive Pirate and the
Disappearance Of His Daughter.

The Story Of . Fugitive Pirate and the
Disappearance Of His Daughter.
Seventy years ago, says the Pitts
burgh Dispatch, there came to the
county named from Massachusetts,
young man named James Hoar, son OF
a prominent citizen OF Boston, edu-
Gated at one of the leading eastern
colleges. Beyond this nothing could
be learned of his life. He secured
work as day laborer at the old Whar-
ton furnace. Everything about this
stranger bespoke the gentleman OF
,, culture. This fact, added to the mys-
terry Of his life, led to the conclusion
that he had left Massachusetts, for rea-
sons which he did not care to divulge.
One day as he was handling a large
piece of metal it fell and broke his
leg. He was taken to the home Of
Benjamin Bronson. Bronson had a
daughter named Jennie, a typical
country girl. When Hoar was taken
to her home her spare time was de-
| voted to the care of the new arrival.
After the patient was able to be about
his attentions to Jennie became APP
tIuA u 1uICS NI0hCAy "S>aaA'H
followed. They took up their abode
in a little log house about a mile east
of Dunbar. a household of children
came to their freside. James Hoar
: : had become typical woodsman and
; many stories Of his prowess as an ath-
lete are still told. The tranquility
i of the little mountain home was
]; broken by the appearance of a south
ern planter named lie Clair. He was
accompanied by his wife, and together
p, they secured quarters at Hoar's cabin.
The latter had daughter LIE Clair
! pretended to have become enamored
of the fair~haired mountain girl. The
, secret of his pretended love was kept
from his wife, and when the. LIE Glars
left she disappeared. What became Of
her is still mystery, and it is be-
aieved that she was kidnapped by the
LIE Clairs and taken south. The broken
, hearted mother never recovered from
the loss. and from that time life for
her was one long sorrow. James Hoar
died at the age of eighty-three. 1t is
now known that his connection with
some of the Cape Cod pirates drove
lairn into this mountain exile. He was
a cousin of Senator Hoar, of Massa-
chusetts. Jennie Hoar made a liveli-
hood after the death of her husband
! by selling roots and herbs. .r
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
MONUMENTS OF INDIANS.
Al Imper:shable Memorial Of tho Fourth
f54S Century. 5t

A imper:shable Memorial Of the Fourth
Century.
The architeeturalm monuments OF India
frequently gathered group Of
satellites around them, like the feudal
towns called into existence by the
needs of medieval castles. A solid
Kootub which dwarfs it to diminutive
size.
This column, says the Chicago News,
known as 1.-The Iron Pillar" was placed
in it's present position by the Hindus
about A. D. 3l5 and was erected by
Paiah Dhawa, who inscribed his name
upon the imperishable memorial. An
other relic of Hindu monarchy remains
in the ''Boot khana' or Idol temple
and the ruins of later date, consisting
of the great mosque of the koota ,, the
palace and gateway Of Alla-uddeen
and the tombs of kings and primo
ministers indicate that the vicinity OF
the stately minaret was reverenced as
holy ground.
The architectural treasures which
enrich the Indian peninsula are now
secured from destruction or violation
by the protection of the government,
and schools of archaeology employ large
numbers of native draughtsmen, whose
accurate copies Of every detail in the
varied and intricate designs of palace,
temple and tomb display the mex
haustible patience and subtlety OF
Hindu genius, which, while rejecting
the influence of every dominant race,
possessed sufficient inherent vitality to
shape them into native mold.
The ruins of forgotten dynasties
which rise ON every side Of the Kootub
Minar transport our thoughts to the
heroic age Of India, when sages and
warriors divided the honors OF the
ancient mystic land.
The woman of the Aryan race fre-
quently fulfilled the promise of the
tribal name derived from the word
"Arya,' or Noble" Vedic hymns Of
legendary times and historical records
of subsequent ages depict higher
type of womanhood than that of the
later epochs, when the comparative
freedom of antiquity was crushed
beneath the heavy yoke of caste and
oroo1
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
creed.
GOLD MINES IN CEMETERIES,
Half a Million In Gold Hurled Annually
with Americans.

HALF a Million in Gold Hurled Annually
with Americans.
A Frenchnan who recently made
tour of the United States has been
writing some of his impressions in lie
that what struck him particularly in
this country was the American habit of
filling the teeth with gold. He con-
suited statisticians, he says, and by
figuring on information given by them
has discovered that the gold annually
pounded into cavities in teeth of Amer.
leans amounts to the value Of five hunt
dred thousand dollars. All of this
precious metal he says is buried with
the Yankees when they die, and he
figures that at the end of three CEN
turtles the cemeteries of America will
contain gold to the value Of thirty
million dollars. II am afraid" the
writer goes on to say, that this will
prove too tempting to the practical
mind of the future American, and WIS
shall see the day when companies will
he organized to mine the cemeteries
and recover the gold secreted in the
jaws Of dead ancestors"
The writer then goes Oh and figures
on the average amount Of gold in the
teeth of each dead person. lie has evil
IDENTIFY been consulting the record OF
vital statistics, for he says that eight
hundred and seventy-fve thousand
people died in the United States in
1889. This would bring the value OF
the gold in each dead persons teeth to
All average of about sixty-fve and
three-quarter cents. and he thinks that
in well-crowded cemeteries the mining
of this gold could be carried on profit
ably, despite the small average value.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
STRANGE EASTERN CUSTOMS.
Prominent Men Of India Who Pass Into
Utter Obscurity.


Utter Obscurity.
Some FIVE or six years ego the son Of
the late rajah of Tanjore, man Of
some forty or fifty years of age, and,
of course, the chief native parsonage
in that part of India, made up his mind
to become devotee. He one day told
his friends he was going on railway
journey, sent off his servants and car
riages from the palace to the station,
saying he would follow, gave them the
slip, and has never been heard of since.
His friends went to the man who was
known to have been acting as his guru,
who simply told them: you will
never find him" Supposing the G. O.
M. or the prince Of Wales were to re-
tire like this-how odd it would seem!
To illustrate this subject, says Lon
don Times writer, may tell the story
of .Tilleinathan Swan, who was the
teacher of the guru, whose acquaint-
ance am referring to in this chapter.
Tilleinathan was a wealthy shipowner
of high family. In 1850 he devoted
himself to religious exercises till 1855,
when he became ''emancipated. After
his attainment he felt sick Of the world
and SO he wound up his affairs, divided
all his goods and money among rela-
tives and dependents, and went of
stark naked into the woods. His
mother and sisters were grieved and
repeatedly pursued him, offering to
surrender all to him II he would only
return: At last he simply refused to
answer their opportunities and they
desisted. He appeared in Tanjore after
that In 1857, 1859, 1854 and 1872, but has
not been seen since. He is supposed to
be living somewhere in the western
Chants
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
USES OF THE CACTUS,
Serves rs a Reservoir in Thirsty Land
Also Used for Medicine.

Serves Reservoir i'm II Thirsty LAND,
Also Used for Medicine
In the arid plains of Brazil and Mex-
leo, where all nature seems paached up
for six months in the year, the cacti
told, and not only the natives, hy
1vounding the Heshy stems with their
long forest knives, supply themselves
with a cool and refreshing juice, but
even the cattle contrivc to break
through the skin with their hoofs and
them to suck the liquid they conta IN,
instinct teaching them to:avoid wound
ing themselves with the .spines.
Where the prickly pear cactus grows
to an immense size the branches are
fed to cattle and sheep after the thorns
are burned off. The fruit is large and
pear-shaped, blood red in color when
ripe and very sweet The fruit is used
in the fall to color preserves or jellies.
The fruit of all kinds is edible and
some very palatable. The leaves Of the
prickly pear are used for poultices for
wounds OR bruises, and the root is rich
in medicinal qualities. The Mexican
Indians are said to be very fond of the
leaves of different varities of opuntia;
they fry them in batter alike cakes. A
luscious beverage is afforded the thirs~
ty traveller by SOME of the larger speci"
mems. The tops are cut off in such .
manner as to leave a basin-like cavity,
which is soon filled with the juice Of
the plant. 1t is said that beautiful
furniture, tables costing as much as
four hundred dollars, are made from
the large-growing varieties, and vari-
GUS ornaments, napkin rings, paper
knives, match safes, inkstands, ETC.,
are made from the beautiful wood OF
the candle cactus. It seems strange,
says the Ladies' Home Journal, that
human habitations can be made from
thsese queer succulent plants, yet we
ere told that huts are built with the
lumber Of cereus giganteous. Fences,
impenetrable to man or beast, are made
of opuntia tuna and Of various rapid
growing cereuses, and hedges from a
variety known as the strawberry.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
The Field Of Lies.

The Field of Lies was the battle
fought by Louis the Good Natured
against his three sons. The unfortu.
nate monarch was deserted by his own
army; he was twice shut up In q
cloister, twice compelled to do public
penance and twice released to pacify
the qparrels OF his family. He finally
died Ina campaign against bis own son
Louis.
The Irish standard., 1895-01-12
EXPERIMENTS WITH TADPoLEs.
Extraordinary Results OF q German Scion
tisG's Dparationk.

tist's Operations
DR.. Born, Of Breslau, has expert
mented on the embryos and tadpoles
of frogs, with reference to the subject
of regeneration OF parts, with some
striking results. For example, says
the New York Independent, he by &C.
cident partly cut off the tail of a tad
pole SO that it hung by the skin; in
twenty-four hours the, gap was filed
in. He then cut portion OF the tail
off, and found on putting it on again
that it grew together.
He has cut pieces off from one part
of the body and spliced them on to
another individual: at first he spliced
together two parts Of the same tadpole.
He then cut number of tadpoles into
two and let the two parts grow to-
gether again. Encouraged by his sue
cess in these plastic operations he took
the anterior half of the body Of one
tadpole and applied it to the posterior
half of another tadpole, and the two
parts grew together again. Then he
took the two anterior halves Of two
tadpoles, making a double-ended
creature, which lived little while.
He also took a minute larva and
grated the anterior half of one to the
tail end of another; also the dorsal
half Of one tadpole of the one genus
was made to grow to the ventral half
of the tadpole of the other genus. He
then sliced off enough of the ventral
surface OF two tadpoles to make a
double-tailed animal. Finally he cut
of the ventral surfaces of Bumbinator
and a frog and applying the freshly
cut ventral surface to each other pro-
duced a double monstrosity which
lived for several days.