The Hope pioneer., 1895-12-20

kota soil, and fort or trading post
seems to have been established there
us early as 1897, by Chabouillier, a
French trader, there was no permanent
settlement till 1901. when Capt. Henry,
an agent Of the Hudson Bay company.
established post on the ground after
ward selected by Maj. Hatch for his
camp in 1868, and in 1871 by James
j. Hill for the establishment of his
bonded warehouse. From this point
Capt. Henry established trading posts
at Grand Forks, Park River and other
points in the valley, later visiting the
Missouri and the Mouse rivers.
In ISL Thomas Douglas. earl Of Sci.
kirk. purchased a large tract of land
OF the Hudson Bay company. His head
quarters were at Fort Douglas, near
Winnipeg, and his settlements extended
up both the Assinaboine and the Red
rivers. The settlers We're Scots evict-
ed from the estates of the duchess Of
Sutherland. They made settlement in
1912. and at one time their settlements
embraced over 200 families. The grass
hoppcrs destroyed their crops and thew
We're driven to Pembina for food about
1S14. In 1916 they had become so
firmly established that the Northwest
company agents determined to drive
them out, and failing to incite the In
dians to do so, undertook to frighten
them OFF by Disgusting as Indians. La
ter that year they massacred Gov. Sem
pie and several of the Hudson BAY
employees and some Of the settlers,
when the Selkirk colonists again sought
refuge at Pembina and built a fort.
This fort proving to be on the Ameri-
can side, when the international boun-
dairy was established, was torn down
In 1923, and the Scotch members of
the colony retired across the line. There
was one party Of Swiss colonists in
the Selkirk settlements. They mainly
passed up the river and became the
early settlers in Minnesota.
The Hudson Bay company was char
tered by Charles II. in 1910. He grant
ed to Prince Rupert and fourteen as
sociates all of the land on the Hudson
bay and on streams tributary to it with
full power to sell and govern. Their
system embraced a governor, chief fac
tors, or principal traders, and general
regulations deemed essential for the
peace and safety of property. They is
sued currency and We're monarchs Of
the country. The land was known as
Ruperts Land and their possessions ex-
tended up the Red river to Lake Tray
erse, until cut short by the establish
ment Of the International boundary.
A rival company was organized in 1888
at Montreal, and this company fought
its way into the Hudson bay territory
and organized the breeds so far as DOS
sible to contend against the old com
pany, but the massacre of the settlers
IN 1876 brought SO much adverse criti-
clsm upon them that they were finally
consolidated with the Hudson Bay COM
pany, which continued to accupy the
country till about 1875.
The discharged employees Of these two
companies, with the assistance of
American capitalists organized an
other company called the Column
bia, which had trading posts all through
North Dakota and Minnesota, with
headquarters at Lake Traverse. Other
independent traders came in, Recontre
posts on the James river.
and in 1S41 Commodore Kittson arrived
at Pembina with four Red river carts
loaded with goods and commenced lay
ing the foundation for his colossal for
tune. In ls42 he was Joined by Joseph
Rolette. Trade was developed to such
an extent that in 1851 a port of entry
was established at Pembina, and
Charles Cavalier was appointed collec-
tor of customs and took up his resi-
oence at Pembina, where he still re-
sldes, and is the oldest settler in North
dakota of pure white blood. The Red
river carts were mounted by Capt.
Henry in 1902.
Id 1853 military post was estab-
lshed at Fort Abercrombie. It was
occupied but one year, when Secretary
Of War Floyd, as a part Of his plan to
despoil the North and prepare the
South for rebellion, dismantled the
fort, sold the buildings for a song and
withdrew the troops, but it wax re-
built in 1861 and maintained until AFTER
the construction Of the Northern Pa {
cific railroad made it of no further ,
use. The dead We're then removed to
Fort Lincoln, and that in turn aban- c
1oned. Fort Lincoln, near Bismarck.
and seward, near jamestown, We're in G
cldents OF the Northern Pacific con- c
stuction, as Totten, Ransom and other Q
forts were of the Indian war Of 1860 J
Abercrombie afforded a place of refuge r
to the settlers of North Dakota during '
he Indian war as Yankton did in South \
Dakota
Resulting from the purchase of the l
Louisiana tract in 1903. an expedition
was Immediately started out to ex- s
1lore the Missouri portion of our new b
possessions. The lower portions of v
he Missouri river were in possession S
If the Sioux, and most Of the North 5
ern part was occupied by the Man o
1ans, Arrickarees and Gros Ventres. 0
They were then powerful tribes. The Il
sioux were given to the use of intoxi- II
,atlng liquors, but the Mandans were Il
ne original prohibitionists, and boy e
'otted even those who offered them S
liquors. They depended c.
arsely upon corn for their subsist- q
:nce. They had few arms, and en- Q
leavored to tire out the antelope by K
unning them down with RELAYS Of Il
'onies. The buffalo were principally Il
killed by chasing them over high p
'luffs, where it was hoped they would n
'ecome crippled or drowned. The ts
'ear was monarch Of all he surveyed: "
mere was no Indian who dared his tt
light to dispute. The goats which then Of
b,