The Portland daily press., 1895-10-26
an unfriendly disposition toward thoUni

This doctrine, so stated, has receiver
the Endorsement of every American states
man from that day to the present time.
We do not propose to suffer any European
government to oyerturn the government
of any South American State, or to es-
tablish new government on its RUINS
Daniel Webster, speaking on the subject
few years later, said: "Slr, II LOOK Oh
the message of December. 1923, as form
ing a bright page in our history. WILL
help neither to erase it nor tear 1t OUT
nor shall it be by any act OF mine blurred
or blottel. It did honor to the sagaclty
of the government, and | will not dllnln-
ish that honor. 1t elevated the hopes and
gratified the patriotism Of the people
Over those hopes I will not bring a mil
dew, nor will put that gratified patriot
ism to shame. "
HAS NEVER BEEN DISSEN TED
FROM.
This phase of the Monroe doctrine has
never been questioned by any American
writer on international law, or any
American statesman.
Jefferson, with whom Monroe had con-
suited, warmly approved of it. In writ
ing to Monroe he said:
'tOur first and fundamental maxim
should be never to entangle ourselves in
tho broils of Europe. Our second, never
to suffer Europe to NEEDLE in cis-Atlan-
tic affairs. America, North and South.
has set of interests distinct from hose
of Europe and peculiarly her own. She
should therefore have a system of her
own, separate and apart from those OF
Europe. While the last is laboring to be-
come the domicile of despotism, our en-
deavor should surely be to make our
hemisphere that of freedom.
While Congress has never given formal
indorsemgnt to- this doctrinee, there is no
doubt but that 1t is now considered a
settled part of the policy of this coun-
try an illustration of it occurred in 1861
In that year Napoleon I'LL landed a
French army in Mexico, ostensibly to pro-
tect French interests, overthrow the Mex
lean army and government. submitted
the question of the establishment of an
empire to the Mexican people. which.
under the influence of French bayonets.
was carried, and Macmillan was placed
on the throne
We were in tho midst of the civil war,
but Secretary Seward notified the French
government that such proceeding must
lead to war between France and the
United States. Tho French minister in
timated, somewhat trucuiently that Ii
war must be the result this government
would naturally select their own time
to commence hostilities, which would be
the present., while the United States was
burdened with domestic difficulties.
Under the circumstances our government
was bound to temporize, but just as soon
as our war was over portion CT our
army was moved to the Texan frontier,
the French army was withdrawn, and
Macmillan fell.
Such was correct application of the
Monroe doctrine as it has been under
stood and received by all American states
men.
The mere announcement of this doc
trine by Monroe foiled the holy alliance
and stopped all action looking toward
European interposition in South America
and the result was the establishment of
independence by the South American
state and their recognition by the whole
world.
ANOTHER PHASE OF THE MONROE
DOCTRINE.
In the same message of December, 1928
was embodied the statement which had
been made by Secretary Adams to the
Russian minister in respect to the terri
tory on the northwest coast of America.
1t read as follows: ,ssse aiiI. So
The occasion has been judged proper
for assertion of a principle, in which the
rights and principles of the United
States are involved, that the American
continents, by the free and independent
condition which they have assumed and
maintained, are henceforth net to be
considered as subjects for future colon
ization by any European power This
declaration, as we have seen, was first
made by John Quincy Adams to Baron
Tuyl. Inc emperor OIL hlSSlS udli IAdue
claim to all the territory on the north
west coast of America as far south as
latitude 81. Great Britain claimed a
portion of the same territory and in an
Indefinite way the United States had
considered our northern boundary line
to extend to latitude 81 degrees 40 min
utes. 1t will be remembered how IN 1s45
we receded from this extrayagant preten-
SIGN and accepted the parallel OF ~ de-
grees as our northern boundary, showing
that we did recognize the right OF other
governments to acquire territory on this
continent and even some that we sup
posed ourselves entitled to.
How then did Adams an Monroe I'M
derstand this broad statement in the
message and how has it been understood
by our leading American statesmen
since it's announcement?
THE PANAMA MISSION.
John Quincy Adams succeeded Monroe
in the presidency and Henry Clay became
bic cacretorv of State In n SDecial mes