The record-union., 1895-09-28

auu Ol d convenient shape. one OF LnelD,
| which has three-branched ornament at
the top. would not look out of place on
the head of a Broadway girl. Another,
| from which the teeth are missing, would
| be more remarkable and more effective.
/ The top or handle bears the head of q
very peculiar-iooking old gentleman.
| Their pottery shows that they did not
possess the potter's wheel, which is an
| important test of the advance of civiiiza-
ton. The pottery found is very plenti-
| full. 1t is all hand made, but is very ac-
curately formed.
! There are great number of small vases
of alabaster, porphyry, breccia and other
! hard stone. These substances are of
course difficult to handle, but all the
/ vessels are very symmetrlcally mace.
| The curves are perfect.
THE FIGURE OF a GIRL DANCER.
| The new people, it is evident, had great
artistic taste. A model of a human fe-
male figure is the highest artistic achieve
ment which has been brought to light.
1t is really a very creditable piece OF
work and nearly correct anatomically. 1t
! represents a well-formed young woman
with her arms in the air. She is tattooed
all over. Her head, hands and feet are
missing. but from her build and attitude
it would not be unreasonable TO assume
| that she was ballet dancer or some other
kind of dancer.
In contrast to this is the crude painting
on vase representing a galley on a
river. Professor Petrie explains that it
has two cabins and is rowed with oars.
| There are forty-three oars on a side. The
oarsmen are hidden.
1t has mast, but there is no indication
OF sail upon 1t. The new people mad no
knowledge of the noble art of sailing.
There is crosstree on the mast, with
some design carved OH it which probably
served to indicate the name of the boat or
that OF the owner. The ensign on the
mast in this case is apparently five hills.
Other galleys depicted on other vases
have three and four hills. an elephant, a
| palm branch and bow and arrow.
Ranges of hills are represented on both
sides of the galley, and three ostriches
stride along in one corner, adding life to
the scene. This picture is certainly an
| old master.
PAINTED THEIR FACES GREEN.
Professor Petrie has come to the con-
clusion that these people painted their
faces: Whether this practice was con-
| fined 10 the fair sex is not known, but 1t
is not probable that it was. Man eat that
early period of history had not grown out
OF the little vanities which he has now
| relegated to woman.
The Professor discovered the slate pal
| giles Oh Wuicu tH0y kept tu6lr paIuI 1o
| believes they used principally green paint
made from malachite. Taste has some
what changed in the matter of face paint
| ing since then, but the effect must al
ways be about as pleasing
Another figure, which apparently rep
resents an old man with spectacles and a
| pointed beard, is said to show most accu-
rately the art type followed by the new
race. Its curious resemblance to an aged
! journalist OF some notoriety in New \ ork
will be generally noticed.
Many OF the vases bear scratched
marks, evidently made with q purpose.
Probably they indicate the owners of the
articles, and are the nearest approach to
writing known to this people, This art,
as it is understood among more civilized
races, was evidently unknown to them.
The condition of the new race was in
reality very primitive as compared with
that of their Egyptian neighbors. They
existed between the seventh and ninth
dynasties, or about 5000 years before
Christ. AS early as the fourth dynasty,
| or 200 years before Christ, the notation
of time, the decimal system of mum bers,
weights and measures adjusted to a
pound of 400 grains, the geographical
division of the country and the division
of the year of 800 days into twelve months
| and three periods OF four months of thirty
| days were known.
STATE OF EGYPT AT THE TIME.
| The form Of the buildings at that early
! period indicates a knowledge of geometry
and the mathematical sciences A con-
siderable knowledge OF astronomy and
chemistry WAS also possessed. and medi-
cine and anatomy had reached consider
able degree OF development at the earliest
traceable period OF Egyptian civilization.
The art OF literary composition existed
| in the eleventh dynasty, and Cheops HIM
self, the builder of the great pyramid, Was
an author of renOwn.
Architecture was one of the earliest and
! most highly developed of Egyptian arts.
The arch WAS constructed in the eleventh
! dynasty, eight centuries before il was dis
covered by the Romans. Columns were
in use as early as the fourth dynasty.
The symmetrlc arrangement of the tenn
pies, with their rectangular courtyards
and halls Of many columns and gateways
slightly conyerglng toward the apex, was
one that for durability has never been
equaled by other architects. The masonry
is still the wonder oil the world.
Sculpture and painting were highly de-
veloped, though on conventional lines,
and were chiefly adapted TO architectural
purposes.
In the fourth dynasty the Egyptians
were expert with the harp and flute; in
| the twelfth with the Tyre, and in the
eighteenth with the guitar, trumpet
drum, tambourine and host OF other
Instruments.
All these facts, of course. do not detract
from the interest which will be taken IN
the discovery of new and inferior race
which intruded itself on the mother of
civilization. Where did this race come
from? and what became of it? will be
questions that will give Egyptologists
food for thought for many year.
THE MYSTERY OF THE SHEPHERD KINGS
Already very perplexing feature of
Egyptian history Is provided by the dy-
nasty of the Hyksos, or shepherd kings.
This ls said to have been esta blished by a
horde OF nomads from Arabia and Syria
who followed the Assyrian invasion of
Egypt at the close of the twelft dynasty
about 2500 b. C.
1hey gained possession of Lower
Egypt ruling through the agency of the
legitimate kings, who were shut up in
cities and not allowed to get away. Then
came dynasty of six Hyksos Kings,
called the fifteenth.
The savage shepherds adopted the civ
ilization of the Pharaohs as Thoroughly
as possible, but were hated by the people.
They introduced some gods of their own
into the old world and also left their inn
press on Egypt art. The winged sphinx
is believed TO be one of their artistic
fancies.
IL Is calculateo tnat the s0JOurn Oh tne
Hebrews in Egypt from 1900 B. C. to 100
b. G. took place during the Hyksos domi-
nation.
The Hyksos were overthrown by
Aahmes l., founder of the eighteenth
dynasty, and a prince OF the ancient
royal blood. A period of foreign con-
quest and aggrandizement followed.
One of the monuments of this period
was the obelisk, now in Central Park,
which was erected by King Amenboten
ii. 1t stoodsfor fourteen centuries before
the Temple of the Sun at Heliopolis. 1t
was removed with the obelsk now in
Paris To Alexandria by the Emnarnr