The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1895-10-25
Quotes Precedent for His Annex
alton Scheme.
BASIS OF MONROE DOCTRINE.
What Central American Republics Did
in IS22--San salvador Passed Sol
emn Act of Annexation - Waited
for American Congress to Act.

wrote to President Dole on the self
annexation OF the Hawaiian ISL
ands to the United States, evident
ly believes he has hit upon a good
thing. and is pressing his argu-
ments in the press of Minneapolis.
The following article has been pub
lished by the Minneapolis Journal
and the Penny Press:
As you published and editorially
commented on letter of mine to
President Dole, suggesting self
alton by Hawaii to the United States,
as United States territory, and the
sending of a delegate to Congress to
ask admission at the coming session,
l desire to call attention to prece-
dent of which / was unaware when L
wrote the letter.
When, in 1922, Iturbide was made
emperor of Mexico, the provinces of
Guatemala, Costa Rico and Nicaragua
ION a general initiative vote in its
favor by the pueblos in those prov
inces, which had wrested independ-
ence from SPAIN, proclaimed their
self annexation to and incorporation
with the Mexican empire. One con-
yention of Costa Rica first annexed
Costa Rica to the Columbian republic.
Iturbide undertook to force San Sal
yador, the then richest and most pop
ulous, according to its size, OF any OF
the Central American provinces, to
also incorporate with Mexico. Itur-
bide's army beseiged and took the city
of San Salvador, the capital OF San
Salvador, and history records that
nIts provincial congress, notw1th-
standing that it was driven from place
to place, remained intact, and defied
the invaders of the province. 1t was
under these circumstances, and as q
means of retaining its freedom, that
this congress resolved upon step ex-
pressive of its sympathies and senti-
ments, which still exist, vigorous and
unchanged. 1t resolved upon annexa-
ton to the United States; and by
solemn and formal act on December 2,
1922, decreed its Incorporation with
that republic, whose example sus-
tanned il in its adversely, and to which
it naturally looked as the head of the
great republican family"
ment could act, Iturbide was deposed,
Santa Ana had proclaimed the Repub-
lie of Mexico, and acknowledged the
independence of the Central Ameri-
can States, whereupon the Republic
of Central America was formed.
While the United States govern
ment had not time to take action on
the self annexation of San Salvador,
there are plenty of historical proofs
that this self-anneXation of San Sal,
vador, in its distress by imperial
Mexican invasion, shaped the immor-
tai message of President Monroe to the
American Congress in the following
December. Eugland's Foreign Minis
ter, Mr. Canning, proposed TO and
urged Mr.. Rush, our Minister to Eng
land, to unite with England in
declaration to Europe that neither the
United States or Great Britain would
appropriate Spanish-American
province, aud would not tolerate inter
ference by any European power.
jefferson and Madison, TO whom
Monroe submitted the question for
their advice, saw the far-reaching i'm
portance of leaving the Spanish. Am
ericau provinces free to do as San
Salvador had just done, annexing
themselves and leaving the United
States free to receive them. Mr.. Rush
had offered to unite in the decl aratlon
if England would acknowledge the
Independence of the Spanish-Ameri-
can provinces. Canning refused JET
ferson, through Monroe, as special en-
voy to France, mad purchased
Louisiana. and supposed its western
limit was the Rio Graude. Subsequent
treaty with Spain in order to get
Florida, fixed it at the Sabine. An
American colony already in Texas
might revolt, as it did few years
later, and bring about annexation by
self action, as San Salvador had done
by self-decree. Monroe ignored joint
action with England, left his country
free to accept any province which
freely came, buf warned all European
nations to keep hands off. What
Monroe left out, in his famous message
to Congress, of Csnning's proposition,
was the co-relative but unspoken
right OF every Independent American
province or state to seek annexation
by self initiative action, without com
puIsion from US but subject to our APP
prevail, which proviso my critics have
strangely overlooked.
JUDsoN n. Cross.