davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-08-14

pose means that the consignee would not
sell 1T, or receive it.
Whatever became of the melons, is not
yet known. Perhaps the railroad agent
at place of destination, put them into
the hands of these same commission
men to sell for him and after paying the
freight charges, they whacked up on the
balance.
At any rate out Of two carloads of fine
melons, shipped, $42. SO was paid to the
growers.
The balance of the crops was left to
rot on the ground.
is it at all strange that the people of
Florida are slow to engage in other
farming than orange growing with such
announcement as this?
Does the railroad companies between
Florida and the northern and the west
ern cities expect to carry any melons
next year?
To me it is no wonder the transporta-
tion lines make no more, and that they
are in the hands of receivers, and the
stock worthless on the market
We all realize the great benz fit of rail-
roads, in the development of any new
country, but If they must put on all in
coming and outgoing freights tariff
that amounts to actual prohibition,
where are we benefited?
If any of us plant an orange grove,
we do it with the understanding that it
will be years before we get paying re-
turns, and that the young grove must be
kept up, and growing at large expense.
But from business estimate we have
figured, that in due time the grove would
not only pay its own expenses but a fair
profit on the investment
Men who have built railroads in the
south, do not seem to comprehend that
they must encourage by all means pos
sible, the people who are trying to make
a living, and a country, that will in a
few years furnish a large freight and
express business, that will! render good
profit to them, but they proceed at once
to take the last dollar there is, that they
may make their stock, matured as much
as they please, pay from the start.
| may be wrong in my judgment, but
it is that some of the railroad finan-
ciers in the south, are close to fiat fail
ure. They cannot see that the interest
of a railroad company, means the pros
perity of the country, through which
they operate.
If the people cannot live and thrive,
truly the railroad cannot.
ONE OF THE VICTIMS.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-08-14

lengths. Nos. ID and Is of unequal
length, No. IA having two long anu two
short stamens, No. Is having four long
and two short stamens. Further No.
16 has the filaments in one bundle, No.
II in two bundles and No. Is in more
than two bundles, while No. 10 has it's
stamens connected by their anthers.
Glass No. 20 is distinguished from the
10 foregoing by having it's stamens ad
herent to the pistiI. Returning to Nos.
2l-23, having stamens and pistil In diff
ferent flowers, No. 81 has it's unisexual
flowers on the same plant, No. % on sep
arate plants and finally No. % includes
peculiar group combining many
usually distinct variations, viz, plants
having both male and female organs in
some flowers, and in other specimens
the stamens and pistil in different
flowers, further some plants bear flowers
of only one sex and other plants bear
hermaphrodite flowers.
The Oath class referred to before is
peculiar in having it's reproductive or
gans concealed or inconspicuous. This
class contains the extensive but obscure
orders Of Ferns, Moses, Licens, Fungi
and Seaweed. These "a classes are again
divided into some so orders unnecessary
to enumerate here. Enough has been
said to give general idea of the method
pursued by Linn8us in constructing his
great artificial system. The disadvan-
tage however to which all artificial
methods of classification are subject is
in the grouping together of plants, es-
sentially distinct one from the other, on
the ground of some numeric similarity
or other superficial likeness, without re-
gard to their real affinities. For instance
in the Linn@an system the Dianthus is
found side by side with many of the
grasses, and the Flowering Rush CBut-
omus) appears in the same order as the
Sumden Orosera) and great many
other similar instances could be easily
cited An artificial system though use
full as a method of reference is at a great
disadvantage educationally as compared
to Natural system based on the internal
and essential affinities of plants.
G. A. I'll.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-08-14
Botanical classification.

explanation as applied to the vegetable
world is by no means so clear, and |
think that brief glance at the history
OF classification and the method by
which it has been brought to it's present
point will enable us to grasp the subject
better.
1t may be roughly said that three
methods of botanical classification or
grouping, have presented themselves
since men began intelligently to observe
the trees and plants around them.
First. The Primitive or child-like
method which depended for it's charac,
teristic features on the casual observa
ton of the unaided eye. This naturally
took size as It's standard of comparison
and divided vegetation into trees, shrubs
and herbs. Sub-divided them into tim
Der trees, fruit trees and obnoxious
growths IL, e. thorny, poisonous, etc )
while shrubs and herbs divided them
selves into those that appeared useful
and those that fell under the head of
weeds.
Second. The Artificial or numeric
method which depended generally
speaking upon the number and relation
of the parts of the reproductive organs
Of plants. This system was and is of
great use in the naming of plants, it's
method being largely those of diction-
airy, viz, the grouping together of in
dlviduals upon numeric or other ar
bitrarily selected distinctions just as in
a dictionary the initial letters are placed
in alphabetical order for convenience
and reference, quite irrespective of the
meaning of the words.
Third, The Natural system, having
for it's object the grouping together of
those plants which correspond In the
greatest number of important features,
and the separa ton Of those of dis
similar description. Of these three
systems the first is of no scientific value.
The second or artificial, however has
been and still is of great use. There
were many successive efforts made to
elaborate this system, the first being
that of Coesalpinus in 1888 in which
some 1900 plants were mentioned, the
first being the feature selected as the
basis of comparison. Morrison about
1871 constructed Is classes on the char
acterlstc features Of the flowers and
fruit. Many other observers, amongst
whom may be mentioned Rivinus Tour
nefort and Pontedera gradually de-
veloped more perfect method Of arti-
fetal classification. In the year 1875 the
great Linn@us published his "Systema
Natura' which in all it's important
features continues in use to the present
day, and little improvement can be
made on this artificial system as it is
probably the most convenient means of
botanical reference which could be
devised.
Ia this system plants are at first sepa-
rated in Flowering and Fiowerless, the
latter forming distinct class called
Crvptogamia. While the Towering or
Phanerogamia contains % classes; the
characters of 30 of the % classes depend
on the number and general relation of
the stamens, while those of the remain
ing three are derived from their uni
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

cylinder into exact coincidence with
the channels of the lower cylinder
The lowest types in the channels of the
distributor, when brought over chan
nels in the lower cylinder having COM
binations of wards corresponding with
the combinations of hicks in their
sides, drop into such channels, a spring
i'll each channel insuring their positive
movement when the right place is
reached. They cannot go into any
channel except that for which they
are nicked and as the channels, by
the rotation of the cylinder, are made
to coincide, or match, one hundred and
twenty times per minute, and as fre-
quently several characters find their
respective channels at the same step Of
the distributor, over 10, 900 ems can be
automatically distributed in all hour.
It is a simple matter to take out
surplus type in any channel when an
excess Of a particular letter has been
distributed, or to replenish when sort
is exhausted before distribution supplies
it. These surplus sorts are kept in
type founders galleys placed in a
cabinet convenient to the machine,
such galleys and cabinets being fur
nished with machines
The keyboard resembles that Of q
typewriter, except that it is larger and
has more keys The keys are connected
by levers, etc, to plungers, the ends
of which when at rest are Immediately
behind the bottom letters III the chan
nels of the lower cylinder. Immedi-
ately i'll front of and with its surface
level with the bottom of the lines of
type in the channels Of the lower
cylinder is revolving disk, the axis OF
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12
.,5lt[H)
The Thorne
A Description of the 7ybesetHng Machine
N0w in Use ON The PMHpsburg Mail"

Keeping abreast of the times is one
Of the principal things which marks
the succes, Of the business man iii this
age of remarkable invention. The
time is not long past when the house
wife was content to do her family sew
ing by lund; when the farmer harv-
ested his crops with a hand cycle and
threshed it out with fail. These
things are now Of the past as is also
the slow process Of travel and commu-
nication The art Of printing has
likewise undergone remarkable i'm
provements within the past half CEN
trry, and scores Of inventive brains are
steadily at work to put it in greater
perfection
Not many years ago it was thought
an utter impossibility to plan machin-
cry for the setting up and the distri-
button of type, but within the last
decade the invention of typesetting
machines has been perfected to such an
extent that they are now in practical
use all over the country, and very few
Of the larger dailies employ hand COM
position at all for newspaper work.
The Philipsburg Mail has grown to
such extent that the slow method of
setting the type for it by hand is no
longer justified, and the management,
after careful investigation into the
practicability Of typesetting machines,
decided to purchase the Thorne, and,
after having it in our office for two
weeks we are fully justified in saying
that it's operation is equal to our expec-
tation. All the body type in this paper
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

chine, which, Ill the past week, has
averaged about 3, 500 ems per hour
We regret that we have been unable
during the past week to devote time in
explaining to our many callers the
modus operandi Of the Thorne machine,
and it being evident that a great many
people in this community take deep
interest in this marvellous piece of
mechanism, we herewith append brief
description Of its operation, together
with a cut of the machine. ~.. ."
The Thorne typesetting machine sets
up the type furnished by the type
foundry, composing the line of indi-
vidual letters and characters, for the
press OF for the making of plates, as
would be done by hand, but does not
cast type lines. The amount of work
done on the machine of course varies
with the expertness of the operators,
but an average Of over 1000 ems per
hour, for all the working hours of one
onth, working seven and eight hours
day, is given as the performance of
one machine in the composing room of
a prominent New York newspaper.
This is only an average, however, in
the regular work Of the establishment,
where five Of the machines are now
employed Composition at the rate of
5000 ems per hour has been accom-
plished.
The mechanism of the machine is
simple, consisting primarily of two
vertical cylinders sixteen inches III
diameter, placed one above the other
OIL the same axis In the surface of
these cylinders are cut ninety vertical
channels extending the entire length
of type, and corresponding in width
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12
JIM FAIRS PRESENCE OF MIND.
Remarkable Story Told by the Son of the
California Millionaire.

Remarkable Story Told by the Son of the
California Millionaire.
Charles Fair, the only male heir to the
late james e. Fair, sat in the billiard
room OF the Palace hotel talking to
some pioneer friends of his father.
do you know, Charley, that book
Of "reminiscences Of your father would
sell like hot cakes? You ought to put
the data in the hands of some publisher
and let him issue the volume. What
do you think about it?"
The son smiled and looked up at the
talker, as he replied:
"Why don't you do it?''
''Nle do it," exclaimed the man will,
the publishing ideas. II didn't know
him.
Neither did IT, answered Charles.
"Nobody knew him. ! don't think !.
man ever lived who enjoyed his con
5idcnce. l can assure you that he was
the same strange man to me that he
was to others, and his iron rule to keep
his own counsel was never broken.
whenever he did fall into a con-
fidential~and chatty mood it was to lest
about something or to theorize. re-
call a story he once told Alfred Il.
Davis, his old partner. The story
have in mind was woven into serious
conversation, and he never cracked a
smile over it. Before proceeding, how
ever, | must tell you that in the Com
stock mines a ladder goes down the
side of each shaft, and every twe1fth
rung is iron, so as to give the whole
additional strength. Well, father said
to him:
"'Davis, do you know I was almost
killed once, in the Crow Point ,mine?'
How was that, Jim?'
"'This way. I was looking down
the shaft to see if everything was all
right and lost my balance. Being un-
able to recover myself, I toppled over
and fell-;yes, Davis, fell. I must have
gone about a hundred feet when it
suddenly struck me that if I didn't be
gin doing something pretty quick. /
would go clear through to hades. So
j reached out and grabbed rung of
the lae1er. It broke and I Igrabbed the
next. that broke, too, but reached
for the t!irt, which also gave way, and
the next. and the next, and SO on, but
it broke my fall, and in about five min
utes [ reached the bottom, a little
Jared up, but perfectly sound.'
Davis looked at him out of the cor
ners Of his eyes a few seconds and said:
"'What did you do, Jim, when you
came to the twelfth rung? Did you
grasp at that, too?'
Why, I missed it. Do you think
wanted to smash everything that was
in the mine?'"
When Charles finished his story he
was laughing more heartily than any
one else in the crowd, and could not
DC prcvaincd upon to recall anything
more that had come from the lips of
his famous financial father.-San Fran
cisco Call
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

which is the same as that of the lower
cylinders. The disk revolves rapidly
from left to right, and, when the
operator touches key, the plunger to
which it is attached elects the lower
type OF the corresponding channel out
upon the disk, by which it is carried
to the right hand side Of the machine
where it is received on an endless belt
which carries it to a lifting apparatus,
called the packer, which raises each
successive letter into proper position in
a continuous line. The marvellous
accuracy and nicety Of this operation
is one Of the phenomenal features of
the machine. AS one type follows an
other the line is pushed along across
the front Of the machine, between the
keyboard and the lower Cylinder,
through channel called the typeway.
The factory Of the company where
all the machines are made is at Hart
ford, Conn, and the inventor, Mr..
Thorne, is a resident Of that city,
though he has no money interest in tie
machine now, having sold all his right
long before the machine was put on
the market
It has required several years work
to bring the machine to it's present
state Of perfection, with adjustments
SO accurate and parts so nicely fitting,
and with all working SO easily that
wear and the possibility Of breakage
are practically eliminated. All parts
which occasion may require to be
removed for cleaning or for adjustment
may be readily removed by taking out
thumb screws for bolts, thus avoiding
the use of tools.
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12
NO FRIEND TO THE RACE,
Some OF the Coloners characteristics Con.
h Sidarad ilhiaotinnnb1a

Some of the Coloners characteristics Con-
sidered Objectionable.
| was riding out from Memphis to
Z Col. Jaclson's plaEt Etation when / met an
old darly on the highway. who was hob
bling along With painful effort. AS ]
wasn't quite sure about my road I
asked him if he knew the coloncl's place.
"kurnel Jackson's plantashun?" he
repeated. "Yes, sab, knows dat place
right we'll. Yo' keep right on to dc
next co'ner an den turn to de right an
go a mile"
DO you know the colonel?" I asked.
"Kurnel Jackson? Yes, sab. l
knows the kurncl like a book.''
'He is said to be great friend of the
colored man,
'Hu! Who says dat?"
"Why, I've heard quite number OF
people say So
"Yo' has, eh? Jist said he was Il
great friend of de Guild race, did dey?
Well, sab, if Kurnel Jnckson am a great
friend OF de Gull d race den doan' know
it!''
Perhaps you never wanted anything,
Of him?' I-suggested.
'White 1nan!'' exclaimed the old man
as he lifted up his hands, edo yo' OBJ
sarve dis lameness?
"Yes, you are very lame''
can how did git dis lameness ?'
II don know"
Let me tell yo, sab. Two weeks ago
l went down to kurnel Jacllson's plan
tashun to see my darter, who works for
him. I started to cum home bout Ill
o'clock at night, an while was walkin'
long I war suddenly cotched in
b'ar-trap. was held in dat trap two
hours, an dat'counts for my lameness.
OATS de sort of man de kurnel am-put-
tin out b'ar-traps tozcotch Guild folks
by dc legs" %:. tts].s:.s
WAS that bear-trap in front of the
colonel's meat-house?'' III asked.
Eyes, sah-right by de doah,' replied
the old man.
"Then it was set toprotect his meat
against thieves, wasn't it?"
eyes, sab, reckon it was, but was |
arter his bacon? No, sab! [ war list
gwine to open de doah an look in an
see how much meat de kurnel had on
han fur de winter?"
Sand you explained matters to the
colonel when he came out to let you out
of the trap?'
Il did, sah Arter I'd hol1ered an
hollered an was mos dead de kurnei
cum down an sot me free, an what hurt
my feelin's de mos was what he said to
me. AFTER I'd 'splained to him all bout
it he hit me seben times wild his cane an
said dat if he eber cotchel me tryin'
to abominate his meat-house agin he'd
distinguish me with such impetuosity
dat I'd nebber see anoder well day.
Datsde sort GA man Kurnel Jackson am,
sah-dat's de sort of fren' he am to de
Guild people round e."-Detroit
Free Press.
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

but the man had gone out of sight
and l sat down again with feeling
akin to disappointment In ten more
minutes, however, was at my own
stopping place, with my thoughts and
steps both homcward turned. The
brightness Of the evening and the
lightness Of my heart made my step
quicker and more elastic than usual
"Bubby, my dear" | said, gayly, to
my wife, when | reached home, ad-
dressing her by a familiar nj ckname,
you know what to-day is.
''Our wedding-day,' was her quick
response.
Yes" I said returning her kiss,
''and I've got little surprise for you
in the shape of small present to
mark the day
I knew it would be welcome news
"Iou dear creature, how kind of
your exclaimed my wife, simply clap
ping her hands in delighted excite
mcnt. II am so inquisitive already
Tell me what IS lt?'
"Sce for yourself" l said, handing
her the bag and my bunch of keys at
the same time. "Unlocll the bag and
see what it contains"
what are you waiting for?" asked,
presently, as Bubby seemed long time
turning the key.
81 can't move it," she replied, after
several futile attempts to fit the key
into the lock.
Give it to mel l said, and took
bunch and bag from her.
How tiresomc; l supposed l was
nervous, or excited, or both. But what
ever the reason, was no more success
full than she. | wriggled and twisted
until | got myself into a state of per-
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

to the body of the tpye to be used. The
upper cylinder, which revolves, forms
the distributor, and into it's channels
is loaded type, face out, from a special
galley. This operation is very simple
and rapid, less than five minutes being
required to load 5000 ems Of minion.
Type used i'll the machine is the same
as used for hand work, but is prepared
for use i'll machines by being nicked
Oh the side opposite the foundry nick
each character space and quad having
a combination Of nicks peculiar to
itself. This putting in of nicks in the
type is a very inexpensive and short
job, for which the company has special
machines.
Each channel in the lower Cylinder,
which is stationery, is fitted with a
combination Of steel ''wards'' on one
side, and the combination of hicks Of
one particular type, character or space
corresponds with the combination Of
wards in one channel of the lower
cylinder only, as shown in the illustra-
tion. The milling machine for cutting
the channels in the cylinders was
specially made by the company for this
work, as were many of the other tools
required in the production Of the
machine, it having been found impos-
sible otherwise to obtain machines
which would do work Of the high
degree of exactness and nicety required.
The distributing cylinder, having
tion, revolves with step by step
movement, each step bringing the
different channels of the distributing
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

The first alcoholic perfume was
Hungary water. made from rosemary
by Elizabeth of Hungary, 1870, she hav
ing procured the recipe from q Hun
garian hermit. This perfume became
popular throughout all Europe in that
and the succeeding century.
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

A schoolmaster, on inquiring of a
delinquent pupil how many lines of a
rather extensive holiday imposition
he had written out, was met with the
answer, "I can only tell you in round
numbers, sir; but, if you will wait a
little. yon shall have it exactly
"Thank you, replied the peda-
gogue, sternly II will do so. l pre-
fer square numbers to round ones. y
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

~
ri G d just q
t w e l v e IN o nth
aud, a S / be-
lieved, | had got
the very dearest t
little woman in
the world for
my wife. The
year just con-
cluded had in
con S G q II c n c e
been the happi-
est of my exist
aroa and I NO
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12

A fellow lately started a store in
Kansas The following was the sign
he hung out: DRY goods, by John
Smith, who wishes to get married. :"
The sign drew all kinds of custom.
The single ladies went, of course, and
the married men told their wives to go
under the impression that they could
easily cheat so great simpleton.
The Philipsburg mail., 1895-12-12
A LITTLE SURPRISE.

6 ~ HAD been mar
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1895-05-18
NSV
Labor.

At Newburyport, Mass. on Monday. :he
10 per cent. reduction III wages at the
Peabody Mills. made January ~. 1895. were
restored.
The Carnegie Steel Company limited, at
Pittsburg. Pa, employing nearly $4,000 men,
has advanced wages 10 per cent.
At Providence, R. l.. all the OlneyviI,s
mills were closed Saturday for an indefinite
period. The manufacturers say they will re-
main closed until the operatives quit aSlta-
ton and the Atlantic Mills strikers surrender.
Ten thousand working people ere idle.
At St. Louis, No, the brickmakCrs resumed
work, the striking laborers having decided to
return on the old scale Of wages. No dis
turbances were reported at any OF the yards,
and the strike ended as quietly as it cegan.
The hod-carriers' strike continues. auo as
consequence building operations are srs-
pended and nearly 1000 mechanics idle.
At Wheeling, ". Va. uotices were posed
Saturday night and Monday morning in all
departments of the Riverside Iron Company,
and also Of the Wheeling Steel and l,ca
Company, OF an advance Of 10 pc. cent. %
wages on all day work and corresponding
advance in piece work. The advance WI
affect over six thousand men III the employ
Of the two concerns which are now lrnp'n2
on full time
At Baltimore. the strike OF 4,00r coa'
makers, which begun ten days ago is praet;-
cally settled. All will be at work in day o.
two. The strikers were partially successful.
An increase Of 20 to SC per cent. was agreed
to by the manufacturers in lieu of the so per
cent demanded. The strikers also obtained
concessions from the contractors, which
were. they stated, as desirable as the in
crease in wages.