davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

ufocturing A little later, in 1872. Swe-
den adopted a sOmew nat different means OF
attaining the same end.
In these countries tool instruction was
first and best developed into definite sys-
tens. which have served as models Tor all
work since established in this country,
and in most Of those Of Europe. Hence The
names Russian" and ; WediSh-' The
latter has more often been called
"SIovd. - term which is pretty well de-
fined hy the words ''deXtenly' or skill. y
First at Moscow. then. were devised
series Of models. the production Of which
embodied the principal mauipulauons OF
the various branches Of tool work n wood
and metal These models were rot com
pIrte articles OF machines, or parts OF
such They were abstract models. Illus
trauug each principle And this is the
main characteristic Of The Russian syStem.
The making of working drawings and their
use are also features of IL.
As compared 10 the Russian, the Swe-
dish or SIOyd is cutie different not in aim.
but in The means employed fer atra.ntng ii.
The main idea OF the s!oyder is 10 produce
complete, dseful articles his Is the
first requisite OF the slogd models. The
careful grading OF the operations ana TOOLS
which the making Of these useful things
necrssitateS. is ceemed as important as
in the other system Another difference
is tFc great prominence attached 10 the
use of the knife in the Swedish work.
Still another is tie fact that the working
drawing has 10 place in the true Sloyd.
In spite Of the objections from unfavor-
able educators and the injury done it by
oyar-zealous friends. manual training has
been widely adopted by The school duthou-
ties OF this country, since 1854 when 1t was
first introduced as part OF the free public
school system in Baltimore. For several
years before that time special schools, com
binfng academic and manual training courses
had existed The Mechanic Arts School,
established in Boston IN 1877, by President
Ruukle. OF the Massa Chusets Institute OF
Technology. in connection with that insti-
tuition is recognized as tle first, though re-
Gently Q formal claim for that honor has
como from the University OF Illinois. As
long ago as 1871, also, private means had
placed an opportunity for tool work before
a small portion Of Boston's children; this is
most popularity known as the Boston Whit
Ting School" The ST. Louis Manual Train
ing School and the Chicago Manual Training
School soon followed. and the number in
erased rapidly. and through the efforts Of
private individuals for the most part. SeY'
eral OF the schools thus established have
since become parts OF the public school sys
TENS of their cities.
Following the example SET 10y Baltimore
many cities adopted the new factor in school
work The list Of such cities is long one
Many smaller towns have also introduced
tie work in one or more OF ats forms.
The Russian system has been the mode
followed in most places. though the sloyC
has also found favor Boston has expert
mented with both systems and is using both
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

of these classes require thorough prepaTa-
ton in English ami mathematics. and upon
these the course j. founded Physics and
chemistry. and French and German, sUf
ficieut To give a good foundation for sub
scqueut study and 10 meet the entrance
requirements Of the highest grade OF
these technical and engineering colleges,
are also Included The manual training
is OF great value to those Included in this
class. Those who expect 10 attend higher
institutions that lave facilities ior theo-
logical instruction only, viii not be so
greatly oUtdoue 10y those who are fOrtu-
nate enough to attend better equipped
schools. while experience has shown that
fromtheirpraCticei inthe various laboratories
and shops.
2. For those who are looking forward
to an immediate participation in tie worlds
work after leaving the high school, it
is obvious taat the bTOadeSt practicable
training is the best. This is especially
true if, as is most often the case. the boy
cannot be sure of the kind of work he is to
engage in. Tie technical course aims TO
prepare such boys for more varied oppOr-
tuuities than has been done heretofore
To this end fair share OF the time is given
to tool work and its allied drawing The
time does not and should not, permit the
teaching of trades, such u purpose would
require much of the time properly belong
ing to academic branches. and would De
foreign TO the intent OF manual training.
For the class of boys nov under COhsldera-
ton, optional academic branches are so
| arranged, in the third and fourth years,
as to offer a wide choice III The selection
of studies
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Whor0 fh8 Hand as We'll
as th6 Mind Is Train8d
Careful and Most Interesting Review and Description
of Manual Training from the Lowest Grade to
the High SChooI-ItS Possibilities.
This Republic liberty Garfield

TOR a great many years-it has been
stated as high as four hundred
THEORISTS and scholars had adTo-
Gated the principles now embodied
In manual training. ana some uncertain at
teInpts bad been made TO unite manual
labor and acadcInic teaching. But not
uutil 1850 did the man. the place and the
time come into favorable conjunction. In
that year, in Finland, Uno Cygnaeus, Of
the Helsinefurs Teachers SEMINARY, de-
vised a system of work for pupils above the
kindergarten age This new feature Of
scbooi work soon spread 10 Russia and
Sweden, and later TO other European coun-
tries.
In Russia, at Moscow, n trade school
had existed for nearly a hundred years,
when, in 1850, il was reorganized as the
Imperial Technical School. II ere, in
1868. tool instruction for educational pur-
poses was separated from commercial man
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

these cut forms in rosettes and borders, calls
for very nice judgment of hand and eye,
while neatness is Indispensable to success
with the intricately cut paper and the paste
used in applying it.
The clay work OF the fourth year is still
in the round, but embraces more art forms
than ever Pitchers and vases with handles
and similar articles, show the progress
toward a very appreciable degree of skill
A part OF the drawing here takes a new
character, in the working sketches of the
geometncal solids heretofore under obser-
yation and study. From these working
sketches the developments of the solids are
drawn, and afterwards cut out of card
board and the model constructed
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Underwear.

We have got an immense
stoCk-all strong attractions.
II is hardly fair 10 single out
one-but it VIII show the
drift OF things here
90 dozen Natural Gray
Shirts and Ora wers-FrenCh
finished-pearls buttons-per-
feet fitting. soc. grade for
29C. q garment.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Mitts.

A summer relief. Splendid
Tal1es these. If il isn't To
be found beFe-you VIII hard
~ want il
Ladies Black SIX AIiits-
25C., CSC, sec. . &C, 81 a
palr.
Ladies White SIX Mitts,
soc a TaiT.
Ladies Long SIX Mitts-
White. Cream. and Hack
soc, 75c-. S1-25 pair
Ladies Extra Size Black
SIX M.tts-5Oc q PAIR.
Misses Black and White
Six Nitts-25C. a Iair.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

In the fifth grade the incised clay ia kes the
place of the colored paper, in the working
out Of the pupils designs Heretofore all
the clay has been worked with the naked
hand. Now a simple tool, " hich the child
couldfashionforh himself from small stick, is
given him, when he begins to learn how to
feel through tool as he has already learned
To feel through his hand alone For most of
the work, however, the hand is still sufficient.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
NeckWedr.

Lots of good things within
Teach hsTe-special patterns
special Y a | u Especial
prices.
For instance
IL gross Grass Cloth Four
in-bands Sc. eaCn.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Suspenders.
q great opportunitv.

Agreat opportunity.
me -Jrce for French SUs-
pcnders is soc. that's uni
versal. But every rule has
an eXCeptiOn-thus iJ is in
this casa lot OF fancy
webbiuEs-regular soc. quail
ity for 29C. a pair.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

II you VIII launder them
you can buy a dollar Neg
Iige Shirt for 6Sc. Out OF
the ordinary-thIs-
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
NEGLIGE SHIRTS.

There are a few OF those
35c NegIige Shirts left-but
only a few. Get a dollars
worth while you can-that is,
three.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

Fancy Plaid Wash Club
Ties imported Madras-fast
cOlors regular price, 20C.
We sell two for that
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

Madras Band BOws-with
patent alta Chment easily
done up"-easily adJusted
-1Sc. -3fOr soc.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

All joints and exercise pieces are made
from rough lumber, the best white pine
obtainable by contract being used. The
best is as economical in the end as cheaper
grades, and in every other respect is
much more desirable
The planning of rough lumber is difficult,
at first, for some OF the boys, but it is
more from lack of training than lack
OF strength similar difficulty is met,
and il is Cue TO the same cause, when
a drawing pencil and paper are substituted
for the plane and wood. And it is be
lieved to be right to begin with the material
III as near the natural state as possible.
The greatest Importance is attached to
right uses of tools and right methods
of work The material 're-slts OF such
uses and methods, viz, the joints, are
secondary; merely evidences of power
in the producers After u boy has, by
| right methods, done what is his best at
that time upon any exercise, he is al
| lowed 10 go on, irres pectiye largely,
| of the excellence of the result, as he
| has derived all the strictly intellectual
| training possible for him at that time
| from that exercise. III the boy desires
! to try again for the sake OF having a
! better joint, he is permitted and encour-
! aged TO do so. In making a joint its
] educational possibilities are first con-
! sidered. In many cases the educational
! way OF making ii does not correspond
| throughout, with the practical way. AT
! the same time, recognizing that there
! is also education in making things in a
practical way, the attempt Is made to do
1 justice 10 the demands of both, making
mutual concessions.
! The first lesson is devoted TO class study
! of the tools, and drills in position IF the
| body and handling OF the different tools,
especial attention being given 10 the plane.
In subsequent lessons the boys are required
| to know and use the names OF the tools, and
! to know the correct spelling OF these names.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

c. * j. Anderson Madras
and Cheviuts, made up in
Club Ties s-usual price, 25c.
Our price, 12C. eaCu.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

the shop work is compulsory although
small percentage annually present rea-
sons which are considered by the super
visors as sufficient excuse for non-at-
tendance. A consider rable portion of this
number are boys who are repeating q year,
having attended the shop the year before.
The work OF these two years is Limited 10
joinery, and while each years course
is complete in itself, the two together
form a progressive series of exercises.
The time devoted is from one and a half
to two hours a week
While in the shop each boy has the ex-
elusive use of q bench and a set OF tools
There is also d set of those less fire.
quently needed Tor use in common. Only
the best modern tools are bought Each
set is used during the week by, on the
average, thirteen boys 1t is far from
desirable TO have so many different boys
use the same set OF edged tools, but
owing To the expense OF furnishing SO
many shops, it has not been possible to
afford individual tools of this kind.
In this connection it is proper to say
that the policy followed since the intro
duction of this kind of work into our
schools has been 10 give an opportunity
to, practically, every boy. If it were
! less widely distributed, greater bene-
| fit might accrue, to the few, but it has
| been thought better TO put something with
| in reach of all, and then slowly improve
| the amount and quality OF the facilities
all along the line.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Hosiery.

a dra wing card
Brown and GRAY Maco
Cotton Socks and plain and
fancy Blacks-aH fast col
ors-with double toes, and
high spliCed heels-wOrth
35c.-for zoe. a pair.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
HandWear.

All Sorts for everybody.
There couldn't be a more
perfect stock Of perfect
Gloves and Mitts than ours
is. Right in fashion and
populaT-DF=Ged, too.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
FOR MEN

Isle Thread ves-in
cilors aud bIack-25C. a pair
Isle Thread Driving
GlJves-5Oc- a pair
Taffeta Gluyes-50C. a
pair
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
FOR THE MISSES

Six GlOveS-5OC. q pair
Taffeta GlJves-2JC a
pair.
Lsle Thread Gl0ves-25c.
q pair
Long White Six Gloves
G5c. pair
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
FOR LADIES

Black Silk Clio oves-with
Kayser patent finger tips
soc, 75c., 81 and ST. 25 a
pair.
White SILK Gbves-pl1in
5Oc.-with Kayser patent
finger tips-75C. a pair
Tan aud Mode Silk Gloves
plain. 5Gc.-with Kayser
patent finger ups-Sl 4 pair
Black silk GIuves-with
extra woven tips-S5C. a
pair. Plaiu-5OC a pair
IS-iuch White Cream aud
Black SILK GlOves-T5c. q
pair.
Tau. Gray and Black
Isle Thread GIOves-2Jc. a
pair
Suede Finished Lisle
Thread Giuyes-black aud
tan-39c. a pair
Black Taffeta GhJyes-2Jc-
aud soc. a pair
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

Anderson Madras and
CbeviOt Four-in-hands poe.
each -3fOr soc.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

W ashington's school authorities were
not slow in asking of Congress the means
to enable it to give the children of the
city the advantages OF manual training,
nor was Congress slow 10 respond. The
first direct appropriation made was for
the school year 1sS5-'66. This was for
tools aud materials for hop work, result
ing in modest beginning in the High
School AT the same time the drawing
of the lower grades was extended by the
Incorporation of the work with clay,
splints, and paper construction.
The first special teacher for manual train
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

withstanding the fact that the idea or
systematic instruction in the use OF tools
came from abroad. its value as factor IN
general education was first seen IN this
country. and the typical manual training
school of to-day is an Americas institution.
The foremost apostle Of such schoolauthor-
ICES this statement. The Russian system
OF tool instruction preliminary TO technical
training. has been, in America, adapted tc
the aims of manual training
Manual training started as tool work and
its allied drawing. but during the growth
which has been traced. a development has
taken place and a change Of definition is
necessary to comprehend all of the manual
work now incorporated into the public
schools. Instead Of being limited TO its
early forms. il must now embrace all forms
of manual instruction undertaken for edu-
cationaI results. This broadens the field
so as to cover the entire school life of the
child
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

In the first year the child studies from
the wood type forms, with which each
school is provided, the cube the square
prism, the sphere and the hemisphere.
He handles them, names them ana models
them in the clay. He describes them,
learns the plane figures Of their surfaces,
and their edges and corners He lays
Sticks 10 form the geometuCal figures Of
the faces of the forms studied, and, beside
this representation, which is glued to his
sheet of drawing paper he draws another.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Fabric Gloves.

Perhaps comfort will slIg-
gast suEaGtlHDg OF this sort
10 you. Fashion won't Of
fer any objection.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

ing only, was appointed in the autumn of
1es6, when LoEoh hEop was equipped
in the basement OF the Central school The
following year larger appropriation al
lowed the removal OF the high school work
already begun to better accommodations,
providing for its growth, and aisofor similar
work for some OF the granmer grades III
the neighborhood. In Y other sec
tions of the city shops for grammar school
work were fitted up, thus putting the work
upon bread footing at the outset. Five
instructors Were employed during this
year.
Regular appropriations by Congress s
have made il possible to extend and de-
velop the work over the entire city and
most of the suburbs, until there are now
sixteen bench shops for seventh and eighth
grades and four Tor the high school, which
latter provides for the Central school only.
Thus in ten years it Las become pos
sible TO say, as Gees United States Com
missioner OF Labor Hon. Carroll ID. Wright,
in his eighth annual report THE plans
in operation in the Washington schools
provide for what is probably the most
complete of the systems OF manual train
ing in the public schools" And he re-
fers not alone TO this country.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

OBJ As an Elective Branch 1.-TWO hours
a weekl-FOr those who, either from choice
or because OF the demands upon their uLna
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Mems Furnishings.

We only ask you to take US
Just as you find US. Let the
facts make their deserved i'm
preston. We are certainly
pleased with the fruit our
efforts are bearing.
NEGLIGE SHIRTS.
of course you want some
want the best you can get for
the money yo1 want to spend.
We have got a special lot
that were Intended TO be sold
at 50, 50. 20, ana 50. so. They
are AndersOn's MadTas-that
Is recommendation enough.
The maker takes the loss on
his shOulders-yOu the profit
and we get the satisfaction
of offering you a bargain
Your choice-and no poorp pat
terms in the Iot-Sl. 80.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

duced, and the whole is then drawn. Even
in this early work the children show sur
prising skill in this surface representa-
ton, seiZng upon the characteristic feat
ures necessary TO identity the various OBJ
jects. Fruits and vegetables are largely
used in this work. Leaves are also taken
as objects for drawing.
This inst ruction is given by the regular
teachers under the direction of the head
OF the drawing department. Three TO
five lessons, thirty TO sixty minutes long
each, are included in the weekly pro-
gramme. TIE number of lessons and their
length vary according to grade.
In the second year the same type forms
are used, though they are some what larger
than those of the year before. In addition
to these the square pyramid, the cone, the
equilateral triangle prism, the ovoid,
and the ellipsoid are taken up. They
are studied, modelled, represented, with
the sticks and Taper as far as possible,
are used as the unit of simple decorative
designs and furnish an opportunity for
drawing all as before. The natural OBJ
jects suggested by these types, ard simple
manufactured ard art forms as well, are
again used in further modelling and draw
ing. Plant ard flower forms are used in
this year, being pressed ard dried, and
afterward pasted uEon tie sheet, and a
drawing made . ide the original. So
nicely is scTl3e OF this woIk dCIe SO ac-
curately is the surface of leaf or flower
Indicated that at hasty glance oEe
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

-alis development has made il neces-
sary to speak of another system OF tool
Instruction. which is at once Russian,
Swedish. and American. This system
is wei represented by the work here
in Washington. In each grade and kind
OF shop work, the Russian system is fol-
lowed so far as to include course OF
practice work teaching principles and the
uses Of tools This exercise work,
very properly and logically, is given first.
But as properly and log ically, il is
preliminary, preparatory, to something
else. viz: TO the applicat ion in some
complete article, OF the principles and skill
acquired.
The Russian system is thought To be
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Kid Gloves.

Never out of commi issiOn.
Occasions when nothing else
viii do. A supply ready for
the Call-whenever il comes.
You know we carry tue Cele-
bTated brands only.
4-buttOn White and Pearl
GlaCe-SI, 81 20. and 81 80 j
pair
4-button GIace in Pearl,
Cream, and Lemon. with
broad black brode-S2 a
pair.
4-button GIace in Light
Tan and ECde. with Black
brode-S1.25, $50, and 50 a
pair.
4-button SUedes-in Light
shades, with Black brOde-
S175 a Fair.
4-buttOn Suede%S1 35
81 80. and S1.65 a Ioir-
S-buttOn White Suedes-
81 a pair.
S-button SueJies-in Light,
Tan. with Black bTOde-
81 80 a pair.
SbuttOn NJ u squetaire
SUICIDES in Light, Tan,
Mode, Cream, and Pearl
50 a paIr.
Biarritz GIace Gloves
White and Pearl-S1 a PAIR.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

When school begins for the child, hen
manual training begins. The first work
is very simple, very like the natural play
of the child. But il is directed play. 1t
is play with a purpose. Indeed, it serves
more than one purpose, though but one is
to be noted.
Beginning with the first grade, and con-
tinuing through the entire school system is
q course in clay work. There are four
kinds Of treatment of this material, viz. ::
modelling in the round, modelling i'll relief -
both of which are done with the naked
hands Carving the design or inciSion, and
cutting around the form, leaving il in re-
lief-the latter two bringing into Use SIM
pie Tools Stick and tablet laying begins
with grade one and ends with grade two.
There is a course in paper folding, cutting
and pasting, using tinted papers; this
continues through four years. Beginning
in the fourth year is a course in cardboard
construction, continuing through the
eighth grade.
All this work is primarily part of the
! drawing course, which extends through all
the years OF school, and is properly most
| fully treated under that head IL grades
three to SIX, inclusive, the girls are taught
| sewing. They then take up cooking for
| two years In the sew nth grade shop
work is begun, and continued through the
remaining six years of the public schools
So much by way OF a general view OF the
manual work. To understand the bear
/ ings of each upon the general aim of all,
/ a closer inspection is necessary.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

Regarding methods of instruction it may
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

CHAMOIS GLOVES.
4-buttOn White-S5C. and
81 a pair
6-buttOn White and Nat
ural MOuSqu etaires - soc.
and s a pair.
S-buttOn White and Nat
ural MOusquetaires - S5c.
pair.
GauntletS-White, 6SC.-
Natural, soc. q pair.
Der Deutsche beobachter. [volume] (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 1869-1911, 1895-09-25
6rokes TeMer.

Snbianapolis, Sno., 18. Septem=
Der. Sin berbeerenoes seuer brad
beute Mofeen smilden 6 uno z ubr on
WaIbingtpn Str, i'm Mittelpuntte bes
@el1dftstbeiles Der Staot aus. Oas
@ebdube Der WeStern Union Selegrapb
So. tpuroe 5eritDrt uno Der telegraph
i6e Gerfebr pollitdnois abaef6nitten.
gullitdnDig serit0rt wuroe ferner oos
5ftDfi9e @ebduoe, in benz gaftman,
S6leider & Go. Elm srobes pOr5eaan=
8efbdft betrieben Johann Der 8f0dige
vGonDit Slof" nno ole Snbiana Natis
onal 8ant. Die genannte 8ant batte
in ibren 8en6lb einen Gaiiaborratb
BON unsefdbr 2 MiQiOnen Dollars, ben
man Dor Dem Seuer geii6ert bdlt.
Ser @eiammti6aoen lit Elm gang enor.
mer. gu all benz tomnt, bab eine
4n3abl Sduier, bic einen bonn Jeuer,
Die anbern bonn g8aller, bei1dbi9i
tpur0eu.
Der Deutsche beobachter. [volume] (New Philadelphia, Ohio) 1869-1911, 1895-09-25
gEic t,lam tn Gbita nit Neoafs
tenrcn ut,tSDrttt0t.

Cine hitleliI6e @bronif erSdblt, bah
neunSebnbunbert Gebatteure elmer Ye=
fing 3eitung entbauptet poroen fino.
Ob iDl1er Observation-Disclosures iiberlduft
ben 2eier cine @dnlebaut er Dergibt
ie aber, ipenn er fiiblt, OaB Die
5bminbiudt ibrs eieriaen Grallen nod
ibm ausftredt. Or. pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery 1T oas einsig tpirta
fame Mittel oegen 2un9enihmdbe,
9lutipeien, Ruraatbmisfeit. 8ronhitis,
arbma, ibneren Suiten unb dbnlide
2eioen.
Stamps. Ga 6apette 3d., Mrf.
Sr. G. g. Bierce - Wertber 6err
SD tbeile Sbnen nit, oab Die 5dpinb=
iuGt in Der 6alnilie meiner Gron erb=
lid 1T i6pn me9rere Der 5amilie iino
oaran geItorben. Wteine 5rau bat eine
G6meIter, 6rau 6. u. @learp, tpelhe
an Der S1minoiu6t trfranfte. Sic
gebrau6te Sbr Golden Medical Dis
covery uno tuurbe gum Grfaunen Ml=
Ter ,pieoer eeiuno. Wteine Grau bate
2uneenblutungen, uno .ibre S4pelfer
brang in iie, bas ertpdbnte Mittel, bem
lie ibre @efunbbeit peroantte, 5u 9e=
brau6en. SD milligte ein uno es fu=
rirte iie. Seit feds Sabren seigt iie
ni1t Die geringiten Spuren mebr bon
@dwinofubt. Sang ersebenit Sbr
W. s. &Dgers, M. d.