davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
.uMIrEp srArEs Isv ooEs.



Exprsssion Conveys the idea Of Na.
tional Entity.
The modern practice Of the Stats
Department at Washington. says the
New York Recorder. has been to give
the United States verb In the singu-
lar, instead of the plural number, as
"the United States is" not "the United
States are" -sst1s~
+, The practice before the civil war was
Ito use the plural form, and Mr.. Seward
was, I think. the first Secretary of
State to reverse 1t. Webster and his
predecessors always wrote "are." Mr..
Fish, Mr.. Evarts, Mr.. Blaine, and 9TH
er Republican premiers followed the
Seward style. Mr.. Olney, in his recent
proclamation concerning Cuban neu-
trality, returns to the old form. Re-
ferring to Spain, he wrote: "A power
with which the United States are and
desire to remain on terms Of peace and
amity."
When Mr.. Seward made the innova-
ton the idea was, of course. to give
additional emphasis to the fact that
the United States, as political entity,
is nation, and should have a singular
verb. Then, for the first time, natior
began to be written with capital
IN" The politicians of the States
rights school made vigorous protest.
and SO did the critics, but the author
Of the "higher law" doctrine cared
nothing about either side. He held the
pen that wrote the official dispatches
and proclamations, and, as there was
no way In which his critics could edit
them, the Seward grammatical con-
struction had to stay.
Mr.. Olney has naturally provoked
criticism by the change he has made.
The political part of 1t is severely con-
demnatory, but, as a rule, the gramma-
rians agree with him.
A Western journal, in taking his side
OF the controversy, says: Zone cannot
say the Southern States is prosperous
or the Pacific States possesses great
mineral wealth. and no more can one
say, without violating the rules OF
grammar, the United States u.s."
The main point of the contention is
missed In that criticism. In the case
of the New England, Southern or Pa.
cifc States the plural form is the cor
rect one, because of themselves they
do not possess the attribute of national
entity. One division Of them claimed
1t at one time, but the pretension had
to be abandoned. However, the Unit
ed States SIS all right, Olney or no
Olney.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

tn water supply II one Of the best IN the
world, all the water being perfectly a.
tered before II IL admitted into the water
mains. IL 10 everywhere lighted by cleo
tricity lnifvhas 100 miles of street rail-
road. the largest mileage In proportion to
Its population, of any city In the country.
1t has sixty miles of granite block pave
ment and $50 miles of brick sidewalks.
In 1850 the city had but 5000 people. The
visitor rides along miles of streets bor-
dered on either side by costly and beau
tiful residences. Peach Tree street can
hardly be matched for beauty by any,
street in any city of America. With its
beautiful homes, it's shade trees, shrub
berry and flowers, il seems a veritable par
adise as an abode for man. Northern mem
who visit Atlanta and expect to find IL
composed of tumble-down shanties for a.
thriftless population and fifty years be-
hind the times" will be not little amaz-
ed to find that il In probably quarter OF
century In advance of many pretentious
Northern towns, and that there Is much
In Atlanta which most Northern places
could proftably initiate, and nothing In
which the Gate City Is behind them. IL
is pleasant to speak Of the delightful and
hospitable manner in which an accred-
tied visitor is received in Atlanta, and OF
the many ways in which his stay there 10
made continuous delight. All who visit
the fair will be amply provided for,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

South is 1,004, $50 square miles. This
area is twenty-four times that of the
State of New York, or Is large enough to
make twenty-four States the size of New
York with more than enough territory re-
naming to make three States like Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island.
This great Southern area is also equal TO
the combined areas of England, Ireland,
Scotland, the entire German Empire, Aus
tria- Hungary, Holland, Belgium, Switz-
erland, Denmark, Spain, Italy and
France, with a surplus sufficient to make
two States like Delaware and Rhode
Island. These European countries above
named have a population to-day of 23O,-
600, 900, or more than three times the
present population of all the United States
and Territories, or nine times the present
population Of the South. The population
Of the State of Massachusetts is 500 to the
square mile. A population of like density
in the South would number 5000, 900.
If peopled rs densely as England the
South would have a population of co.,
600, 1000, a number equal to two-ffths of
the human beings now on the globe.
Saxony il the most densely peopled coun-
try Of Europe, having 633 persons to the
square mile. An equally dense popula-
ton in the South would give that section
693 millions or Twenty-Five times as many
as it now has. number nearly equaling
half the population of the earth.
Resources OF the South.
"The South" AZ we use the term, en-
braces the States Of Alabama, Arkansas,
Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Mis-
souri,, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Vir-
ginia, and the Territories of New Mexico,
Oklahoma and Indian Territory. Space
does not permit us to speak of the re-
sources of the South, except in n general
way. The fair will adequately set them
forth, and tho several States will issue
descriptive pamphlets and books which
can be obtained by visitors. For CEN
turtles Egypt was the granary of the
world, yet its productive area, the valley
Of the Lower Nile, has never exceeded
one one hundred and fiftieth part of the
area of the South. On less than one
tenth of the acreage admirably adapted
to the raising of cotton. and with an inn
perfect cultivation which does not bring
from the land one-half of what IL can
easily yield, the South will produce 9,OOO,-
600 bales of cotton this season, or three
fourths of the worlds entire cotton crop.
The coal, mineral. lumber, agricultural
and horticultural resources of the South
are simply inexhaustible, and ii would
require the labor of IA population ten
times as large as the present one to health
fully develop these resources. The writer
recently visited the iron region of Ala
bama and merely reiterates here what he
said and wrote twenty-eight years ago,
when this iron was practically untouched.
Iron can be made there more cheeply than
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
e;MsSs5:Al. e z4t5Es,ss
Ass,sTAN%PnesuD

Instructive to be held in Paris at the close
of the century. In smaller way, and
most valuable in their lessons, were the
fairs Of Antwerp, San Francisco, Lyons,
Liverpool, Milan and Madrid, and SINH
lar fairs are now projected for New Zea-
land, Tasmania, Constantinople, Mexico
and Jerusalem. AS the means Of trans
portation and intercommunication have
improved. the fair has been found to be
the best general school for teaching one
half the world how the other half busies
itself, and what one-half can furnish In
exchange for the products of the other
half to their mutual advantage.
Mechanical Industry.
Our &c is one of mechanical industry and
the improvements in mechanical devices
during the last half century far exceed In
number and value all that have been
made during the preceding 1000 years.
In mans struggle to bring the forces Of
nature under his control, to subject the
material world to his uses, he has not only
acquired a more skillful hand but better
trained mind, and, instead of remaining
q mere machine himself, he has grown TO
Be a handler Of machines. thereby multi
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

people, who can now provide themselves
with hundreds Of home comforts and
conveniences of which their grandfathers
did not even dream, and while this
cheapening process has been going on, the
earnings of operatives and workmen have
steadily grown larger. Transportation,
by means Of steamships and railroads, has
steadily grown cheaper, and now the prod
ucts Of other sections 0f our country and
Of other countries can be sent across seas
and continents and afforded at prices
within the reach Of all. The strong men
to-day are the captains of industry, men
who, a century ago, would have been lead
ers of armies. They hare, become skilled
producers instead Of trained destroyers.
The phrase "A family Of nations" now
has the deepest meaning, for nations are
rapidly becoming mutually interdepend-
ent. Even the former exclusiveness Of
China and Japan will never again be pos
sible. Those nations cannot longer live
by themselves, but must become members
of the family Of nations"
How PROPOSITIONS Pay.
To the man who can see nothing be-
yond gate receipts" the Cotton Centen-
NAL Exposition held at New Orleans ten
years ago was "a failure" but to the en-
lightened economist it Is known to have
been the great awakening impulse which
carried thousand dollars into Southern
enterprises and into developing the
matchless resources Of that wonderful
land for every dollar 'lost" in that expo
sition. The best agencies of civilization,
such as schools, courts Of justice, parks,
art galleries and architectural
pay little if anything at "the
gates" but remotely they pay most rich
~ In all that makes civilization of tho
highest value. Men, too, are beginning
to realize that such agencies have IL COM !
mercial value beyond computation, and
that, without them, we would only be a |
race Of propertylcss semi-civilized beings. |
Whether millions are made or lost at the |
gates Of a great exposition, the whole |
country reaps an incalculable benefit |
thercfrom In new and quickened i'm |
pulses and in a larger grasp Of construct
I've and peaceful pursuits.
The Great South.
One who has not visited the South can |
form but the faintest idea of its magni-
tude and resources. A few illustrative
therefore, cannot but be
helpful In this connection. Inclusive Of
New Mexico, the Indian Territory and
Oklahoma the area Of what we term the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
FORTY YEARS AGO.
But Now a Maori Princess Is Clad In
0~ boomers.

But Now a Maori Princess Is Clad in
~~ boomers.
Apparently there is no quarter of the
earth too remote for the new" woman
to penetrate. Just at present she has
appeared at New Zealand in the person
Of the young Maori chieftainess. Forty
years ago the Maori were just emerging
from cannibalism; now, the oldest
daughter Of the old King wears bloom
ers and rides bicycle.
The princess Is source Of general
interest and amusement all over the
islands. She prefers to be known by the
simple name of ''Pansy," and by that
name she will become celebrated the
world over as the first woman Of her
race to adopt and even popularize the
reform" dress. "Pansy" is a very
comely young woman, and 1t pleasing
sight to witness the attention and defer
ence paid to her by the beaux Of her
race. These dusky gentlemen are ex-
ceedingly proud of the well set up Ma
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

and the message borne by the bird
reached the person to whom 1t was ad-
dressed some hours before the card was
delivered. While 1t is the carriers in
tense love Of home which renders him
available as a bearer of dispatches,
neither mate nor young is the attraction
which attracts him. 1t is the perch and
nest box. He is as averse to change as
a pet cat, and will fight for his own to
the bitter end.
The employment Of pigeons to carry
messages from Catalina has it's solitary
precedent in the temporary establish
ment a few years since Of a pigeon post
across the English channel from
Boulogne to London, a distance Of 1876
miles In summer the messages would
arrive in London at midday, whereas
the Paris mail could not be expected
until nearly II o'clock at night.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
His Notion of Hospitality.

There is nothing like making people
feel at home. There is one man in
Washington who prides himself on 1t.
My friend Lucy called at his house not
long ago, and, as everybody urged her
20 stay to dinner, she stayed. They
had beefsteak for dinner that night,
and it was simply ideal beefsteak.
The host urged Lucy to take Sec
ord helping, and after politely demur-
ring, she accepted 1t. She was eating
1t when the young son Of the family
asked for more, too.
"Don't be a pig, JIM" said his father,
with the utmost cheerfulness. "therc
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
by the telegraph or tele-

beateHsep5y by the telegraph or tele-
phone.
The steamers run once day between
island and mainland, and once 1t has
cast loose from the wharf the island,
with summer population Of perhaps
several thousands, is as completely cut
off from the world as though 1T were in
midocean, and yet the shore is scant
twenty miles away The demand for
some additional service grew, and last
summer the island visitors and resi-
dents were relieved from their isolation
by the establishment Of a carrier pigeon
post between Avalon and Los Angeles.
The message bearers usually start with
out delay and arrive at their destina-
ton with certainty and promptness
almost incredible.
The airline distance from Avalon to
Los Angeles is about fifty miles, This
was accomplished by some of the Cat
alma flyers In fifty minutes. From three
to four hours is required to make the
trip by railroad and steamer.
The fact that the birds could fly
from Avalon with such rapidity and
certainty filled those of the island Wis
itors who were unfamiliar with the
habits Of the intelligent homer with
amazement, and many people were
quite unable to grapple with the state
ment that carrier pigeons have been
flown successfully for distance Of
1000 miles and more. One bird liberat-
ed In Spain not long since covered a dis
lance Of 615 miles in n single day-that
Is from daylight till dark.
Races between pigeons and kilograms
have not infrequently resulted in the
pigeon arriving at his destination in
advance Of the message by wire. On
one occasion a pigeon and postal card
started together on a trip of $40 miles,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING.

producing State, and Pennsylvania stood
third, Michigan, of course, being first.
| The world Is now making and consuming
yearly about &c, 0O0, 900 tons of iron and
Alabama alone could easily furnish that
amount every year for the next thousand
years, by the end of which time her iron
mines might be fairly well opened and
In good working condition.
The Site and Buildings.
The site of the Atlanta exposition Is
Piedmont Park, which is situated only
two miles from the center of the city.
The park contains 100 acres, is billy in
character, and has been SO treated that it
forms a circular valley surrounded by a
rim of terraced hills. 1t appears like a
vast amphitheater, the arena-like center
of which has been made very attractive
with park features and lakes. The fair
buildings, now entirely completed, are
so placed around this plaza, and in many
cases on elevations, that they can all be
seen from almost any point in the park,
giving innumerable impressive views. In
addition to the Government Building the
following is list of the larger structures:
The Manufactures and Liberal Arts, Fine
Arts, Fire, Agricultural, Auditorium, Adj
ministration, Machinery, Minerals, Ne
gro, Transportation, Electricity and
Woman's.. In architecture the Roman
esque style seems to be emphasized, yet
the traveller will notice some clever adap-
tations of widely architectural de-
signs. Exhibits will be made by several
European countries, from Mexico, and
from all the Central American States,
from Argentina, Chilli, Paraguay and
Venezuela. The fair will thus present
much that is very interesting and in
structive from neighboring countries of
the western hemisphere, countries with
which we have large and increasing bust
ness relations. The following States will
have special buildings: Georgia, Alabama,
Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut,
Pennsylvania, Illinois and California.
The States Florida, North Caro-
lima, South Carolina, Louisiana,
Maryland and Arkansas will have
State exhibits. Besides these State ex-
hibits there will be individual exhibits
from every State in the Union.
Amusement features will not be want
ing at Atlanta. There will be Mexican,
Guatemalan, Japanese, Chinese, Esqri-
mo and German villages. Hagenbeck's
trained animals will be there and Buffalo
Bill with his hardy riders il coming. Incl
dentally this fair. like others, will, no
doubt, have the urbane Arab from New
Jersey selling relics from the Holy Land,
which may have been manufactured in
Connecticut. The petticoated Albanian
from Tipperary may also sell pressed
flowers gathered ut Bethlehem, Penn.
But this kind Of merchandising serves as
diversion to throngs, helps defray ex-
penses and harms nobody.
The City of Atlanta.
Atlanta is the beautiful capital of Geor-
gia. It's site is the Chattahoochee ridge,
over n thousand feet above the sea level.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

though oil the available room in the city
will be required to accommodate the Wis
itors.
The undertone of this fair will be an
other impressive lesson in human brother
hood, in the mutual helpfulness Of indus
trial effort and in exchange Of services.
Earth has no equal area comparable with
the South in natural resources and in all
the elements for diversified industry. En-
tering as we now are upon another era Of
business prosperity and confidence, capt.
tai will soon be seeking new opportunities
for investment, and the Atlanta fair will
start inquiries which will present num-
berless opportunities for good invest
ments. Within the coming ten years u
thousand millions of dollars will 60 into
Southern enterprises from the North and
from Europe which can be traced to les
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

anywhere else In the world. Limitless
quantities of iron ore, coal and lime stone
lie together, and while few may be in
clined to credit the startling statement,
il is nevertheless true that pig iron can
be made In Alabama to-day so much I'M
der 81 a ton as to astound one capable
of estimating the cost of that product.
The writer has taken pains to prove be-
yond doubt that steel Of best qualities
can be made of this iron, and, in the near
future. steel will be made In large guam
titles In Birmingham and neighborhood
at prices which will astonish this iron age.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

Gen. Edward f. Jones, of Bingham
ton, who is known to fame as the man
who pays the freight and as the Demo-
cratic lieutenant governor who persist
ed In being a candidate for Governor
when the bosses told him not to be, has
another claim to fame. Reading in a
paper that small boy in Binghamton
had been arrested for swimming with
no trunks on, he went out and bought
500 articles Of that description, hunting
up 600 boys, and made them spec IN
and gave each a pair Of trunks.-Buf-
falo Express.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

it's altitude giving 1t a cool and equable
climate even in summer. Its present pop
ulation is 10000. 1t impresses the visit
or as decidedly metropolitan in every way.
It's wholesale and retail houses do a bust
ness aggregating SIZE, ZOO, 900 a year, and
there are now GOO establishments where
manufacturing Is done. 1t is q large cot
ton mart, one firm there handling $780,
100000 worth Of cotton year. 1t Is n
great railroad center. Four direct lines
of road run north and east, three go west
and northwest, and three to the South
Atlantic and Gulf ports. The city has an
excellent system of public schools and an
industrious and enterprising population.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

sons, suggestions and impressions given
and taught by the great fair. The result
ing material advances and successes will
not only unite men in peaceful pursuits,
but will tend to do away with the militant
and destructive ideas which have DOM
mated the world in the past and substi-
tute for them combination Of men in
peaceful industries which will conduce to
greater comfort and happiness, and which
will hasten the advent of that suspicious
day
"When the war drum throbs no longer
And the battle flags are furled,
In the parliament of man
The federation of the world"
DUANE DOTY.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
shop-Keepine in Mexico.

Every shop and magazine bears a
title. This custom has its humorous
side. ''The Store Of the Two Hemi-
spheres" may be no more than three
yards square, while "The Magazine Of
the Globe" carries a stock worth about
$25. But in the larger cities there are
numbers of finely stocked emporia Of
different classes Of goods. The posi-
ton Of clerk in one of these great mer-
camille establishments is much in de-
mand, for what reason 1t would be hard
to say, excepting that the comparative
seclusion Of the young women makes
1t somewhat difficult to meet them Of
ten, unless one be special attendant In
a dry goods store, In which case CONVEX
sation Is allowed to flow unreservedly.
Many love affair has begun with dis
cussion concerning pins, or other trlfles
Indispensable to fair shoppers. In all
the mercantile establishments there il
the Angular custom Of pelon, which ap-
parently counterbalances any attempt
Mt overcharging on the part of the pro-
prietors. When you become a regular
customer, a tiny tin cylinder is provided
and hung up in the store In full view
of everybody, marked with your name
and number. Every time that you
make a purchase a bean IL dropped
down into the cylinder, and at stated
times these are all counted; and for
every sixteen or eighteen, depending
upon the commercial generosity Of the
firm, you are allowed six cents In money
or goods. This custom must be one Of
great antiquity. The word "pelon"
means a stone or other crude weight
with which 1t was In ancient days Gus
tomary to balance the scales used In the
market.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

plying his physical strength many fold.
OF the 100000 patents issued by other
nations and the $4,000 issued TO inven-
tors in the United States, by far the larger
number have been awarded during the
past fifty years. These patents, better
than anything else, tell of the marvellous
Industrial activity of our time. Civil so
ciety Is competitive, and nations of the
earth are engaged in an intense but peace
full struggle for Industrial Supremacy.
Paradoxical as 1t may seem, the products
of industry in this struggle have not only
Increased enormously through the use of
nachinery, but have become so cheap as
- be within reach of the masses of the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

Clocks have been placed on the out
side Of the locomotives on the Paris
acknowledgements Railway Com
pany. They are fixed on the side Of
the engine--that is, toward the station
platforms-for the benefit of both pas
sengers and station agents who wish to
note theainstant arrival and departure
Of the trains.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

The on1y Feathercd Postal eervico
Operated In the United States.
The only regular pigeon post service
On this side Of the continent or the
other Is that which bears messages ev-
cry day In the summer season between
Los Angeles. Cal, and the little town
II Avalon. on Catalina Island, and
oears them at a speed which can be
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22
OUR BUDGET OF FUN.
HUMOROUS SAYINGS AND DO.
iNcs HERE AND THERE.

Jokes and Jokelets that Are suppesedA
to Have Been Recently BornH seyfnss
and Doings that Are ODD curieus $40
Lauxhable- Week's Humors
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1895-08-22

The natives of northern Alaska and
Siberia have no knowledge Of money,
and tourists to that country have to
exchange the same into barter goods