davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
Charsel With Altempted A.sanIt.

OXFORD. y. c.. June 2l.-Special -
Chief Of Police j. A. Rem arrested Thurs
DAY morning, near oxford, negro man
named Ed Jeffreys. charged with at
tempting to criminally assault highly
respectable white lady living about six
miles from oxford She was a Mrs
Matthews.
The trial came of Thursday afternoon
before Justice OF the Peace s Y. Ellis
M oxford. lie was placed In Jail after
his trial. and IL Is thought that he Will
suffer the full penalty Of the law for
his crime.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
IyfTOP4LTTT IN PUBLIC.
President of the a. =. A. Demands W.T. ""'-
,in'- Authority for His statement.

WINNIPEG MAN. Jure 4.-Mr MAJ,
W. .,,5'.,io, 49, If nrfviIege. and stated that he
9oSst,on ga received a telegram from the pressi-
dont ~ the A. =. A.. demanding that ne
eive his authority for hrs statement re-
earding immortality of pubic sglco,s ST eo,. ne ti
efatsments. lie proceeded to, read from
the published reports. which ne haa s.a,u
" ere unfit to be quoted. large propoi.-
t;or 81 me Inmates of hoIses Of prosti-
,,,tion mentioned were stated 10 have
ascribed their downfall to the public
schools Indecent publications were WIZ WIZ
lv circulated among the pupils ana ms ms
II was alleged was not conlhed u b"S-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
Workers Concede n Change Of Base.

PITTSBttRG. PA. June 2l.-The con-
ference between the Executive Committee
OF Association Of Iron and steel Sheet
Manufacturers and the committee OF the
Amalgamated Association reached terms
OF agreement late last night, afier a t"e
davs' session The workers conceded a
change OF base, which ~ now separate
from the general scale based on bar iron
Another concession secured by the manu-
facturers Is said 10 be an increased out
put. against which the workers made
strong stand. Wages viii be about the
same as last year, with advancement ~
proportion TO adyancements In the sell
ing price Of sheets.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
Kn,ldinr SIrnck by Lightning.

GALVESTON, TEN, June 2i.-During
n severe rainstorm. accompanied by light
Ming. the Orphans Home, just being
erected. was truck by lightning. Fred.
Seifers. who was at work on the roof.
was instantly killed and Fred. Hartell
and a boy named Mann were injured by
falling timbers.
Hartell and Mann were not seriously In
iured. The Cupola was demolished and
a large hole was torn In the roof This
Is Tie second time that this building has
been struck by lightning within six weeks.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

J. +. Cunningham. OF Falls Church, Blows
Ont Ills ErAIn.

WASHINGTON. ID. c., June 2l.-J. j.
Cunningham a clerk in the sixth Audi
TORS ofice. Treasury Department COM
mfftcd suicide this morning boy blowing
his brains out with a pistol lie lived IN
Virginia. near Falls Church, and the deed
was committed while he was on ms way
TO the city, TO which he drove daiiy III
his buggy. Ill,
He was "A veteran and valuable clerk,
brf had lost his position through the
consolidation of offices under the opera
tion of the DOckcry act. D,
apnoiutfncut but 10 secure II he was
Obliged to pass "A civil service eNamina,
ZION This was to be held to-day, ana
in Is sirmised that mental wOrrIment
over the impending order upset MS Hheh'"i
balance.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

test the matter with Eddie Pierce. VINO
Corbett. Enough testimony was INTRO
duced TO hold Pierce and the latter was
held In $500 TO await the action Of the
grand jury. Young Corbett waived ex-
animation. and was also held for the
grand jury. Both were released on bail.
The others were held for the grand jury
with the exception OF James Humphreys.
who acted as one OF the seconds that
night. The Judge allowed him TO go al
ter sufficient testimony.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

The Staunton News reports the assess
ment Of the real estate OF that city has
been completed, showing the following
result:
Assessment as 1t stood on the
books IN 1894 .................... z,Sb,ujl
Deductions made by the court
thar year. ........................ 3s,bj
Correct assessment. 1894 ........ z.5o5&lj
Assessment just completed z,zl.e'3
Net lOsS ..........s...-.s...sssstss o-,f''
r Auditor Marye. II Is stated, expects thai
the new assessment OF real estate IN |ir-
ginia will show a decrease In valuations
not greater than 3-i per cent. This esti-
mate Is based upon the returns from clsht
counties Buchanan, Cumberland. Greene.
Nlddlesex. Orange, Prince William.
Warren. and Wise. The Petersburg In
dex-Appeal SAYS there would be no reason
FOR apprehension II the decrease should
turn out 10 be no more than the atiitor
optlmistically estimates. but the fact Is
his estimate Is not comprehensive enough.
The counties named above do not fur
nlsh "a fair test as Ia their case. there
has naturally been little nuctuation In
the values OF real estate. and II II not
likely that there would boa substantial
decrease I'm values there, except under
the most extraordinary and unexpected
conditions. In any fair estimate ~ 10
the diminished value OF lands slnos the
last assessment. special regard must be
given 70 the Southwest, whore. under the
..boom" regime, values were greatly In
nated. and the assessment was based upon
values which were ARTIFICIAL AZ best.-Nor-
folk Landmark OF Yesterday.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

He Was Returning From College o""-
mencement when the Robbers M't "''"'

BRIsTOL. TENN. June A.mSpeclIl.rt -
Colonel j. 4. Faw, well known IN ~
editor of the Bristol Na.) Daly wv,
was held up by robbers few miles ron ON
the city last night. He was retuIniiins
from Paperville College, WheIe ne re-
fused to talk on the subject, ana IL is
not known how much he lost.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
NEWsY MOTHS.

Judge Robert W. Hughes. OF Virginia,
IS holding court this week I'm Baltimore ia
place OF Judge Morris. who is now in
Europe
letter was received this morning
from Minister Ransom, I'm which he stated
that his health was improving greatly,
and he would be In this city about the
LIST OF July.
Navy nothing could be learned what dis
position would be made of the monitors
now m Rihchmond. The Secretary mas
Ghe matter under CONSIDERATION ana would
not discuss what he would likely do.
and his final action viii not be given out
FOR some days 10 come. The engineer
whose report has not yet been made
greatly depends the action OF Secretary
Hon. Frank S. Blair. Of Wythevne.
s. stopping In this city on legal busi-
lDasss.
Hon. John W. Daniel is here on depart
montal business. He was busig engaged
TODAY I'm making the rounds of the de-
fartmenis in the interest OF several con-
stltucnts. lie will be here until Saturday
might serving his people.
foURTH-oLAss rosT-oFIIcEs.
Total number OF fourth-class postmas-
ters appointed to-day We're thiriy-siN.
thirty or which We're to nh vacancies
caused by death and res-gnations.
For Virginia: Alden. King George coun7
~. !. l.. Price. appointed. vice Mrs. NJ.
I Treakle. removed; Cross Keys, Rock
ineham county, j. W. Tyler, appointed.
x1c. q. j. Wager removed.
For North Caroana-A -Applcgrove. Ashe
county. r. c.. Hampton, appointed, vice
] 4. Hampton. resigned. Cherokee. Swain
c,anty. T. /. Hughes, appointed, vice
NJ A Dunlap. removed iawrenceville,
Rockingham county. G.. O. Motley. APP
rninfed vice j. H. Johnston. resigned;
f.ufty. Castor county, J. c. Fredway ap-
,sgofed. vice G.. III. Costner, resigned.
New Salem. Randolph county, L. NJ
ccndla appointed. Vcc Il. Il. Hascr. re-
.dcned. Nohsin. Granville county. J. y.
Noblln. appointed. vice J. T. Noblin. re-
agne1. Petra. Caldwell county j. NJ.
Smifh. appointed. vice J. II. Spencer. re-
signed. I'unis. Hertford county. j. A.
Torfhcott. appointed. vice J. r. Tunis, re-
,ignei. Warilaw. Union county. +. r.
II5 ntcr. appointed, vice j. III. McAlanus.
,+sisnei: Wyatt. Wake county; Mss Ju-
nie,ta SMITH appointed. vice c. c. Hatch
resigned.
PENSIONS osAsTfD.
The followirg < pensions have been grant
e1 rdr sg' civil war Original J. T, Bass, OF
Norfol. Norfolk county; Michael 81.
I'm <ational Soldiers Home, Eliza
ks.a civ. Reissue. Enoch NJ. Sayior,
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
Oisuansary Constable, Sentence to jail.

CHARLESTON. s. c., June H.-In the
United State Court to-day, Judge Simon
ton sentenced three dispensary consta-
bles To Jail for contempt OF court. Tney
are charged with seizing liquors sent into
the state for private use against IN me
constables are sentenced 10 two months
imprisonment. and VIII be confined
thereafter until the seized liquor Is re-
turned TO the owners.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

ELKTON, MD, June 2l.-Horace
Cooper (Solored) was hanged In the jail
ysrd at i:3D o'clock this afternoon. tie
murdered Maggie Pitts In a tit of jeal-
ousy last November near Port Deposit
An effort was made this morning 10 get
a short respite for Cooper, bat Governor
Brown refused 10 Interfere. only twenty
persons were allowed 10 witness the exc
cution. Death was instantaneous.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
Kentucky Gubernator al gacr

LOUISVILLE. KY. June 2l.-The Gu
bernatOrial race. which for several
months has been red hot, was intensified
O-nght when Congressman Berry, OF
Newport. declined 10 become Clay's can
ddate for permanent chairman, OF the
convention. and announced that ne was
a candidate for Governor himself The
convention will be held at louisville
next Tuesday.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
United Press Scores Two.

SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. June 2l.-The
San Francisco Call and the San Jose
Daily Mercury have discontinued the SER
vice of the Chicago Associated Press. ana
this morning print full overland Pacinc
coast news OF the Urlted Press. The Caii
devotes four OF its pages 10 an illustrated
description of the service. showing the
extent and importance OF the new al
lance
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

NEW YORK, JUne Y.-The Executive
Committee OF the Trunk Line associa-
tlcfss Is 20 be called together next week
10 cCrsider the cut IN west-bOund rate :
iraugurated by the Kanawhl Dispatch
chesapeake and Ohio. Another effort
" IN be made 10 bring the Chesapeake md
Ohio into the Trunk IAne AssoclatiOn.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
Atstritn Politics.

VIENNA. June 0.-Count Killmanzege
announced In the Relchzrath laai the
Cabinet would prepare a budget enaoline
them 70 transact current business until
definite ministry should be formed.
Herr Herrod. the leader OF the Young
Czech party. maintained that Parliament
must preserve its right against minis
try or officials.
He offered a notion, and asked that
the statement OF the ministry De debated,
but tha motion was rejected.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
Duel between >egrors

JACKSONVILLE. FLA. June r--A
bic cdy duel took place az neon to-day
between a negro and policeman. rho
former was shot twice and the ia';er
once. Neither viii die The negro dei
held W another man at the point Of 4
pistol IN Ray street just before the po-
liceman arrived on the seen,
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
VOL 9-NEW SERIES NOIi4.

Fairylew. Scott county; simon rae haae'
Lfghtfcot James City; Wesley Orao'i0''
Cleveland. Russell county. p,ch-
For the Mexican War-lrnomas VA
ards. increase 10 limit OAK farh' "'
scnn county. II +. w.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

WARRINGTON. u. c.. Jun. 2i.-For
Virginia. showers: slightly warmer in
western rcrtion Saturday nisht. soutn-
.fiy winds.
For North Carolina: Cloudy weather,
with showers. soutneriy winds.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

CHATTANOOGA, TENN, Jtne IA
general bill Of assignment was fled here
this afternoon by the Fox Coal and Coke
Company, OF Gray ysvile Tenn. c. IL. Pea
body Is named as assignee. The assets are
1881. The liabilities. which are not
given. consist largely of lines of mining
property. etc. No preferences are shown.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

BALTIMORE ND. June 2l-A bulletin
received here late tonight says: Light
ming struck dynamite magazine. near
King Wood. W. Va. at = o'clock to-
night. Several men were killed and a
great deal OF property destroyed.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22

No Free Silver Convention Prior to That of
luna.

TERRE HAUTE, IND. June 2.-Sena-
tor Turpie was here to-day for "A con-
ference with Senator Voorhees,. After
wards senator Turpie said there would be
no convention Of Indiana Democrats who
are I'm favor of free silver prior TO the
regular Democratic convention next June.
Neither seaitor would comment on the
report from New York that eN-Congress-
man Bynum had been chosen by the Re
form club to conduct a "sOund-money"
campaign i'm this State
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
VICIORT FOR GKff.
Governor Atkinson's Recovery Predicted
With Certainty.

ATLANTA. GA, June 2.-Governor At
kinson improved steadily to-day, anu
while he is By no means out OF danger,
his recovery can almost be predicted with
certainty.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
RANGE or THERMOMETERS.

Following was the range Of the sher-
mometer az. The Times ofice yesterday:
p. H.. IA: i. 81 -; midni1ht. u.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
RrRArISG OF PosT-oFFIcRs.

The fiscal year of the Government
always brings certain changes which are
made I'M reratng post-ofiices The fol-
lowing changes are noted for Virginia:
Orange reduced from third TO fourth
class: Fredericksburg, Hampton, and
Manchester advanced from third to sec
L. - In .--.L- .rL.-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
PENSIONS osAsTFD.

The following pensions have been grant
,-er civil war-O original, J. 7. Bass, OF
NarsolE Norfolk county; Michael 81.
Jnhn' <ational soldiers Home, Eiiza-
hsth C1v. Reissue Enoch VI. Sayior'
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-06-22
The Nem Assessments.

The Staunton News reports the assess
ment Of the real estate Of that city has
been completed, showing the following
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24
& New Fad in the Homes Of
the MilIiOndIr6S.
COMMODORE GERRY'S HOME

Cornelius and George Vanderbilt
Have GOrGccusIy Decorated
Apartments Dedicated TO the
Weed.
Special Correspondence of the Globe.
NEW YORK, Feb. 21.-The house
wives of the Four Hundred are more
careful of their dainty belongings
than would seem possible to those
of us who have not 100000 year
to spend upon our homemaking and
housekeeping. The curtains, draper
les and furniture for their reception
rooms, parlors and boudoirs cost
very fair-sized fortune, and tobacco
smoke is not considered by those in
authority conducive to the improve
ment of such airy, fairy fabrics.
So the smoking room has become
as necessary a part of every mill
Ionaire's home as is the dining room.
The mistress of the house chooses
a room, generally smaller than the
other apartments, convenient to dim
ing room and ballroom, fits it up in
the cosiest fashion imaginable, pro-
VideS all kinds of smoking supplies,
and then woe betide her unhappy
lord and master if he and his friends
do not take themselves to this room
when they wish to enjoy smoke.
Elbridge r. Gerry has the finest
smoking room in the world in his
new nalace on uDper Fifth avenue
and what is dearer to every devotee
Of the Princess Nicotine, he gives his
guests the perfection of cigars to
smoke, and there is practically no
limit to the supply. He calls them
the Squadron Cruise" and they
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24
: SECRET SOCIETIES..
KNIGHTS OF THE MACCABEES
ARE PREPARING
FOR A MONSTER MEETING
Convention movements OF
Other Orders.

! st. Paul Tent No. "a is making
preparations for holding a monster
meeting at the Peoples church on
the evening of April 5. The annual
state convention of the Knights of
the Maccabees will be held on that
day, and in the evening the sir
knights, their ladies and friends will
give "a reception at the Peoples
church to the supreme officers and
visiting sir knights and ladies. The
speakers of the evening will be Maj.
N. S. Boynton, supreme record
keeper, and Congressman D. D. Ait
ken, of Michigan. Maj. Boynton was
president of the National Fraternal
congress, which is composed of all
the leading beneficiary fraternal Or
ders, and is one of the best-posted
men on fraternal insurance in the
country today. He is a fluent and
entertaining speaker, and delights
the large audiences which greet him
everywhere he speaks. Congress
man Aitken is well known through
out the country. He is vice chief
ranger of the Independent Order of
Foresters, and stands high in the
ranks of several other secret or
CARNATIONS. He is most entertain
ing talker, and it will be a pleasure
to any one to hear him. A musical
programme furnished by the best
talent the city affords will add pleas
ure to the occasion.
Invitations with complimentary
tickets enclosed will be sent out to
the friends of Maccabeeism and
to all interested in fraternal insur-
ance. The Maccabees have now
membership of over 1S1 900, which
proves that as a beneficiary society
founded upon fraternity and protec-
ton, and furnishing life, accident,
sick and disability benefits, it has
few equals in the world.
KNIGHTS OF MALTA.
st. Paul Commandery No. 154 met
last Tuesday evening and received six
applications and nominated officers for
the ensuing term. On Tuesday even
ing, Feb. rs, the commandery will meet
at I. o. o. F. hall, corner of Fifth and
Robert streets. There will be work In
the Knight of Malta degree. All the
candidates will please report at 7:30 at
the above place. Members of the COM
mandery are requested to be present
at this conclave after comforting of
the knight of Malta degree. The cleo
ton of officers will Immediately follow.
The commandery has leased the above
hall for six months and will be the
permanent place of meeting for some
time.
ORANGEMEN
James A. Garfield, L. o. L., No. 246,
met last Monday evening and received
several applications for the degrees.
The members Of the lodge are request
ed to meet at l. o. o. F. hall, corner
of Fifth and Robert streets, over the
Chicago Great Western railway ticket
Office, Monday evening, Feb. %, at 1880
sharp, as the nomination, election and
installation of officers will take place.
The degree staff will go to Eau Claire,
Wis, Wednesday evening, Feb. q, as
sisted by the degree staff of Chippewa
Falls lodge in comforting the degrees
on large class of candidates of Eau
Claire lodge.
ROYAL ARCANUM.
Minneopa council conferred the full
degree on Brothers Bowlby, Address,
Babcock, Parker and Brisley last Mon
day evening Eight annlica tionS were
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24

on Fifth street, in honor of Washing
toms birthday. The adoption degree
was exemplified to two pa1efaces by
Minnewaukan tribes degree team.
Then followed recitations by B. L.
Perry and L. L. Rotter, a banjo solo
by Chief Partridge, and long and
short takes by D. G. I. Brown, Chiefs
Rowell and Gulick, of Minneapolis.
Chief Rohr, Medicineman Ball, of st.
Paul, and others. There was a plen-
tiful supply of corn and venison, and
after this had been properly disposed
Of the disciples of the aborigines
passed the remainder of the sleep in
sociability While the fragrant smoke
of their calumets assembled as a peace
offering to the Great Spirit.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24
An Analogy Due.

They had not been married very
long, and they had a good cook, but
one evening when he came home to
dinner he found that not a single
thing was cooked properly. He had
done a stroke or two of good business
during the day, but being naturally
an easy-tempered fellow, he said moth
ing.
When dessert was reached, his wife
said to him: 81 didn't tell you before,
dear, but as a treat cooked the whole
dinner today for you myself"
80, that's it, is it? I owe the cook
an apology;
can apology?" she asked. "For
what?"
"For the mental injustice I have
been doing her all the evening. Dos
ton Budget.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24

OF this mantel are filled with pipes
which would delight any smokers
heart. Meerschaums, shining and dark
French briar, almost silver enclosed;
comfortable, fat china pipes, and pipes
Of every design. The old-fashioned
fender and the irons are of polished
steel. which almost looks like silver
when they catch the CLEANS of the
heavy oak logs, glowing and crack
ling, and falling at last into a bed Of
fiery Goals. Soft, subdued electric
lights furnish the room with just the
half-light which goes best with a
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24
xsx A&sss ws>*
SMOKING DENS OF QUAINT DESIGN


almost works of art in their beauty of
coloring and design. The lounges and
easy chairs are covered with gray vel
ours, and the portieres ard curtains are
of the same soft color, richly wrought
in crimson and silver. Substantial
stands of polished mahogany hold the
curiously wrought mahogany cigar
boxes, with their uniquely arranged de-
vices for providing just the requisite
amount of moisture for the slender,
dark, round beauties. Curious old-fash-
toned silver trays are used for the ash
receivers, and there are electrical ap-
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24

arc made Just to his. liking, and come
each wrapped separately in tin foil.
AS he takes the whole output of a
Cuban plantation, these cigars cost
him only 40 cents apiece.
THE GERRY SMOKING ROOM.
But the room his friends smoke them
In is Il dream. The walls are covered
with velvet of soft gray color, and
the fricze is rich with silver and gray
mingled III q conventional design. The
floor is of hardwood, beautifully pol
lshed and overlaid with Oriental rugs,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24

quently makes the coffee or tea, which
he serves in exquisite cups of old blue,
dark red, greenl.or yellow porcelain, set
in filigree saucer of gold, and having
beautiful gold spoons, enameled in col
ors to match the cup.
There is no open fireplace, but GU
rious stove of metal and blue porcelain
answers the purpose admirably, and
suits the room better than a fireplace
could. The fire is plainly seen, and, on
the whole, this quaint little apartment
is the most homelike and attractive
spot of all the 10 rooms which this
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24
LODGE NOTES.

At the meeting of the transient relief
bureau, Knights of Pythias, held
Thursday night the following officers
were elected: Robert Ross, Capitol
Lodge, No. 81, president; A. J. Stob-
bart, st. Paul Lodge, No. 43, secretary,
reelected; F. o. Hammer, Champion
Lodge, No. 13, treasurer.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1895-02-24
glowing fireplace, a good story and

glowing fireplace, a good story and
fine cigar.
Cornelius Vanderbilt did not change
his smoking room when he added on
and almost rebuilt his beautiful home.
There was no need, for no improve
ment could be suggested for that unique
and magnificent room. 1t has two en-
frances, one from the dining room,
which makes it an easy matter to
serve the after-dinner coffee and enjoy
the after-dinner cigars at the same
time, and the second entrance from the
grand new ball room. The walls and
ceilings are of metal and it is impos-
sible to describe the wonderful rides
cent effect of the mingled copper and
FURNISHED steel
CORNELIUS VANDERBILT SNOK-
Err.
The tone of the room is Russian, and