The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1895-10-16

| The Magnificent, on account of the splen-
| dor of his clothing. On state occasions
| he is said to have worn a million dollars
worth of diamonds
| Alphonso l. of Asturias was The Catho-
| lie, on account of his devotions to the
church. The same title was bestowed
upon Ferdinand II, of Aragon and upon
Isabella of CASTLE.
Pedro of CASTLE was designated The
Cruel, on account OF his barbarity to
prisoners taken in battle, who were for
tunate If they were put to death at once
without torture.
Ivan II. of Prussia was known as The
Terrible, from the barbarous character Of
| the warfare he made upon surrounding
nations and the severity with which he
| dealt with rebellious SUBJECTS
Albert ". Emperor of Austria, was
styled The lllustrious, on account of his
| triumphant success over his enemies and
the progress of the arts and sciences dur
| ing his reign. The same title has been
| given to the Jam-Sed of Persia, to KEN
| long Of China, to Nicomedes H. of Bithy-
MA to Ptolemy V. Of Egypt.
Alphonso V. of Aragon and Naples was
entitled The Magnanimous because on
more than one occasion he released pris-
| oners taken in war, instead of putting
| them to death or holding them for ran
| som.
Charles ". and Philippe ". of France
were each styled The Fair, the first on
account of his light hair and fiaxen beard.
| the second because of his extremely
| handsome appearance
Alphonso VIII. of Leon and CASTLE was
| styled The Noble, on account of the many
| exalted traits of character he possessed.
| Charles III. of Navarro, and Soliman of
Turkey received the same title.
Frederick III. OF Germany was styled
| The Pacific, on account of his dislike to
| resort to war as means of settling inter-
| national differences. CLAUS III. of Nor
way bore the same title for a similar
| reason.
Agesilaus of Sparta was known in his
| time as The Lame, on account of a slight
physical deformity. For the same cause
| Albert II. of Austria Charles II. of Naples
| and Heinrich II. of Germany received a
| similar designation
Solomon was called by the Jews of his
| time The White King, from the color of
| the robes he wore The allusion made in
| the New Testament to the lily of the
| field, white flower, in connection with
| Solomon, is thus made clearer
Philippe l. of France did not deserve
the title of The Amorous any more than
| most other French kings, but in spite of
| this fact it was bestowed upon him on
| account of the numerous intrigues with
| the ladies Of his court
Louis |. of France was The Stammerer,
| because of defect in his speech Mich
ael H., emperor of the East had sim
liar defect, which gave him the same des-
| ignation. 1t is said he could not speak
| until he had stamped his feet
Philippe II. OF France was surnamed
| Augustus, not because he bore any resent
| blance to the Roman emperor, but be-
cause he was born in August. The same
surname was bestowed on Sigismund H.
of Poland for the same reason
| Alphonso VIII of Leon and CASTLE was
| The Good, from his great personal piety
| The same title was borne by several other
kings, among them John H., king of
France; Rene, king of Naples; and Will
| liam II. of the two Sicilies.
| Charles l. of England was styled The
Martyr, from the manner of his death.
The same title was given to Edward, mar
tyr of England; to Louis XVI. of France,
and the same title was given to Edward,
martyr of Martin l., Pope Of Rome.
Louis XII. of France was designated
| The Father of His People, on account of
the high regard in which he was held
by them. His highest ambition seemed
to be TO promote their welfare The same
title, for the same general reason, was
also bestowed upon Christian Ill of Den
| mark.
The famous Edmund II. of England was
designated The Ironsides on account of his
intrepedity in warfare. Frederick H.,
elector of Bradenburg, was designated
| The Iron Tooth. The Emperor Nicholas
of Russia was known among his people as
| H.
account of the rigidity of his discipline.
| Frederick II. of Prussia known as The
| Great, was also styled The Philosopher,
from his love of the philosophy and arts
of the French encyclopedia school, Leo
VI. Emperor Of the East, was also so
| called, because Of his love of abstract
| speculation. Marcus Aurcliu5 Antonius.
of Rome. was also called The Philoso-
pher, because of his metaphysical and di-
dactic writings.
Banaram of Persia bore the envable
title, The Just. The Righteousness of his
decisions was seldom called in question:
| This title has been conferred on several
| monarchs, among them being Casmir II.
of Poland, Ferdinand l. and James II. of
| Arragon, Haroun-al-Raschid of Arabian
Nights fame, Khosron of Persia, Louis
XIII. of France. Pedro l. of Portugal
Alphonso II. of Portugal was somewhat
irreverently designated The Fat 1t is a
tradition in that country that he was SO
stout that the services of 16 men were
required to bear the pail and casket at
his funeral. The same somewhat disre-
Spectful title was bestowed upon Charles
III. of France, and Louis VI. of the same
country; also to CLAUS II. of Norway
Dagobert II. of France was The Young.
He was years old when he assembled tha
throne Leo II. and Louis vi. were also
sometimes thus designated, the former
having been elected when only A. and Lott
is VII. who was on his accession. Lud-
wig II. of Germany, who IS also designat-
ed The Young, was % on his accession,
and Romanus H., Emperor of the East,
was 20.
Edward, the Saxon, king of England,
was designated The Confessor, on account
of his personal piety. After his death he
was canonized and his shrine in West
Minister Abbey is still an object of rever-
ence. Once a year. on the feast day of
this saint. the Cardinal and Roman Cath
Ollie prelates and clergy Of England are
permitted to enter Westm nster Abbey in
procession, and before the shrine of st.
Edward to hold service of silent prayer.
Alep Arslan was called The Valiant
Lion, from his daring in battle. Arioch
of Assyria appears on the monuments of
that country as The Lion King; Gustavus
AdolphuS was known as The Lion of the
North; Louis Will of France was the
Lion King: Richard l. of England was