The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-02

very recent date. For thousands OF
years mankind got along without any
postal system at all. For thousands of
years ordinary letters were carried by
whomever CHANGED to be jOurneying in
the direction they must be sent. Ex-
traordinary letters, those upon business
of the state and the truly great Of the
earth were sent by carriers. The first
of these two methods was very uncertain
and the second altogether too expensive
for general adoption, and hence it fell
out that few, even of the ''classes, -
wrote often, while, among the masses,
he who had in his life written and dis
patched a half dozen letters was a
rare exception. But IS the enlighten-
ment of the masses, infectionlike,
spread from land to land, the world s
postal system was developed. First,
letters were regularly horne from place
to place for hire by common carriers;
then, little by little, governments took
up letter transportation, and, by 1860,
each nation had a complete postal sys-
tenn within it's own borders.
Still there was no uniformity Of rates
between nations, and in 1862 John A.
Kasson, then in congress from Iowa,
SQSSSSJ0Q " OSGA4dSG6l SSAS1d4 1AOAG-
gomery Blair that the complexities
and inconvenience of international
mail delivery might greatly be lessened
by the holding of worlds convention
of postal officials. This seemed well to
Mr.. Blair, and he, in turn, mentioned
the proposition to William A. Seward,
then secretary Of state. He communi-
Gated with the postal authorities of va
riOus nations and so many favorable re-
plies were received that on May II,
1868, the first postal congress began its
sessions in Paris, delegates being pres
ent from 8 countries, chiefly European.
Though but little was accomplished
by the deliberations of that first con-
gress, the ice was broken, so to speak,
and the way paved for more fruitful
sessions in the future. During the next
six years the United States authorities
did lot of postal reformatory work by
dint Of pure American pluck, persuasion
and perseverance, trio that will often
win when we'll handled. By 1870 re-
auctions in postage between the United
States and some half hundred other ma
tions had been effected. The rate to
Germany was cut down from % cents
to Z, that to Great Britain from "a to
S, etc. In 1874 a second postal congress
was held, this time at Bern, Switzer-
land, representatives of numerous gov
ernments being present, and organiza-
lions being effected under the title Of
the General Postal union. Very much
was accomplished at this gathering,
most important perhaps being the adOp-
ton of uniform half ounce letter rate
of cents or 30 confines, and l cent or
5 confines for each two ounces or 60
grams Of printed matter. In 1878 at the
third congress the name was changed to
the Universal Postal union, and pro-
vision for registration was made, and
at still subsequent congresses held in
London in 1885 and Vienna in 1891
other improvements were adopted. The
next congress is to be held in Washing
ton in May. 1896, and Edmund Hoehn,
the director Of the international bureau
of the Universal Postal union, with
headquarters at Bern, Switzerland, has
recently visited the United States in or
der to make preparations for the coming
gathering.
The chief objects of the international
bureau of the union are to gather and
publish all sorts of information concern
| ing postal matters. to arrange differ
ences between postal authorities Of vari-
GUS countries. to disseminate informa-
ton regarding new rules-in short, to
act as a sort of clearing house for the
worlds postal business. One of the
| things to be considered at the coming
congress is the proposition to reduce
! the international rate to 2 cents half
ounce, another the proposition for an
international postage stamp and anoth-
er the adoption Of written constitu-
| ton.