New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-06-14

School in spite oil It's present hihi'auoh'' NO
thus rightly been taken to celebrate the WIN.
syster, Of state education This was recosh~eu
nv Parliament IN the law passed for the oc-
casion on the proposal IF the Minister OF Pubic
Instruction. II authorized the President Of the
panuh,c 70 give out the official decorations
ubicb consecrate such festivities IN France. not
only to former pupils Of the Normal School, but
also without distinction of origin to the fne'h-
berg Of the entire public teaching corps-to the
Ynstituteur.' as we'll 10 the professors IN
lvcees and colleges and the masters in our
higher teaching"
II must be acknowledged. however. that no.
many of the coveted decorations fell TO s,mpi"
teachers in the elementary schools Out 'i "o'
who were named "Oficiers dAcadtme' there
were only eleven "instltuteurs' and I'VE lhstl-
tutr.ces" Among $50 officers OF public instruc-
ton there were one schoomaster and TWO mis-
tresses 4 little liberality was SHOWN
toward the principals Of such schools am to"ari
those connected with the mex; grade OF hieher
urinary ard professional schools. But the bulk
of the honors conferred went to the members oil
the secondary and higher University teaching
Still the principle has been solemny recognizea
that the State education is ore sole University
monopoly. from the loves. chds school to the
highest SPECIAL iacuIty in science and letters.
rhors arc 40 funcfionares (of both sexes)
In the urinary school service This includes the
insnectors and normal school teachers for the
elementary and maternal grades. and the higher
urinary and professional schools. These latter
are free public schools. which join instruction
In common arts and trades Cooking. carpenter
ing, sewing mechanical work and drawnS
with what Americans would call high-scho''
teaching In the secondary teaching OF ih' state
Qycees and colleges preparing In classics ana
sciences for the bachelors degree. and found III
every large town ca France> there are l'o9'
functionaries principals. reasureis survthia"'7
professors for the schools of young men. ana
only 942 (men and women) for the female
colleges Of the State. This Is curious COM
mentary on the i-success which the Repunhc
has met in trying to persuade the French people
to place their daughters in It's lnstltutiOhs III
the higher instruction.
The highest teaching Of all in special Schools OF
the University giving the degrees necessary for
the practice Of the different professions is OIL
vided up into academies groups. which are
central IT. convenient cities Lyons. Montpelier
Caer, etc, and comprise all the higher facuines
of the region They have at their head n rector
That of Paris as the capita and because II has
more than half OF the students of the state fac
uliies of all France is under the immediate difec
ton Of the Minister Of Public Instruction. VINO
Is ex-ofIicio grand master OF the University Oh
France; the director OF the Sorbonne acts as vice.
rector Of this Academy CT Paris Ihese acaue
mics also direct the final examinations OF 'he
lycee students for the bachelors degree admit
ting them to the special faculties or these facui-
ties there are fifteen OF sciences. ana as many
more Of letters thirteen OF law two OF Protestant
theology seven of medicine. three higher ana SIX
teen preparatory schools Of pharmacy tand vel
Urinary practice), and four special schoos LOT 'he
needs Of Algiers Then there the glories OF
the French University. beginning with the hieh-
er Normal School: the College of France for free
public lectures by eminent men. the seat OF re
mans triumphs the museum Of natural history
the school Of Oriental languages; the Ecole des
Charles for work on historical documents. ana
the school OF higher studies. where the late
Jameg Darmesteter made himself known In an
cient Persian To these are attached dozen ur
SO astronomical observdtories ana the meter @'
illogical service. Camille Flaminaron, In the I'd
servatory of Paris. has won a WORLDWIDE popu-
larity that is rare among specialists OF science.
His assistant. Miss Kllmpke. an american il' nn
California took her degree in course as DOCTOR
of mathematics. after six years OF study. she IL
one OF the few women who have received reros-
milton from these higher faculties OF the UNI
versity ,.,-a,,
This higher teaching of the French University
comprises II rectors and 9s inspectors
of the academies. 1917 professors ana
aids in the various faculties. and 81 employed in
the snecial schools. 700 in all Altogether. in
the elementary and maternal schools. In the pri-
mary. secondary and higher teachihg t ,a u
teaching body Of France Numbers l27is' iunc,
t.onaries. all recognized and paid ana governed
by the laws OF a public service.
II should be explained. In regard TO the snght
mixture OF theology with the higher faculties,
that the French State recognizes and. In meas
ure contributes to the support Of four religious
evangelical French CavinisD. Lutheran tof
Augsburg), and Jewish. There are separate
Catholic professors in the faculty OF letters at the
Sorbonne, but the systematic schools OF tneoiosy
have been withdrawn f:om the State by the
Church and exist only free" institutions or
learning: that Is. not officially recognized ms
ultes' alone In the French University. The
Jews also. have kept the Independence OF their
remarkable school Of Oriental learning. ,
1t is wei. to add to these statistics or french
State education the part which the Higher
Normal School has taken In preparing students
for the higher degrees. From 1871 70 1881 the
JJniyersitv named total Of 1864 agreges OF the
different faculties; OF these the Normal School
alone furnished !. 800 During the same time OF
SIT who received one or other OF the various
| degrees Of doctor. 800 were normaliens rms not
only serves 10 show the efficiency of the school.
| but the severity with which French University
degrees are granted A. each degree corners
| official recognition by the State and gives
| legal right 10 practice whatever branch is rep,
| resented by the degree. 1t can be understood
how the University no more conlers honorary
| degrees than the French army names honorary
| colonels IT also explains why so few foreigners
| Obtain French degrees which require a long ana
| painful preparation with all the chances or Oral
and written examinations. IT Is FAR easier 10
| frequent some German university where nom
| ors are easy, becaus. they carry no civil conse-
quences with them.
| ON the other hand, this paucity OF me hieher
| degrees which secure respectable career 10
| their posscssor should be cOntras'cd with the
| ever Inc reasing number Of bachelors ana
| 'liccncies" coming out yearly from inc Govern
! ment examinations. Certain exemptions from
| full military service which have lately been
| made IN favor Of these students, only tend 10
| M the University faculties more and more YET
| all the ports opened a. It's func'ionaries by the
State can receive but a small proportion Of these
| Young men many Of whom have been UNITED
| by This higher education for success In oral
| nary commerce or Industry Emile uenry, WI.
| was a bachelor In both science and letters, and
| barely missed his examination for the f"lylrch-
| mic school attributed his bitter annrchAm 10