davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
TENNESSEE STATE NEWS
Why the Centennial should Be Encourred.

why the Centennial Should Be Encourged.
President John W. Thomas, DirectoI
General E. C. Lewis and Comm issionet
General A. w. Wills, in an address to
the people OF Tennessee and to County
Courts, on behalf OF the Tennessee Gem
tenhial Exposition; says in part;
THE Exposition will be the greatest
opportunity eser offered for advertising
the resources OF your county. The
managers will see to It that the people
are here from all parts of the country.
A place will be prepared upon which
each county in the State will be allowed
10 erect suitable building in which to
place their exhibits. This building
may be constructed of materials from
within the county, and should contain
everything that will give the home
seeker and the capitalist information
about the county. IL the county c0fis
tains any building OF historic interest
1t might be well to reproduce it on the
Exposition grounds. The County Courts
can we'll afford to make appropriations
for this purpose, The money thus APP
propriRted Will be expended by the
county and under the direction Of the
County Court and for the purpose only
OF making a cadnty exhibit The Com
missioner General will appoint commis-
sioners in each county to the Exposi-
tion who shall have charge of.all county
matters, and the Exposition managers
do not seek to place any unnecessary re-
strictions on the character of the exhibit.
40 charges of any kind will be made
Tor space but on the contrary, every
county In the State is urgently requested
to take advantage of this opportunity
to advance its interests through an ex-
hibit at the great Tennessee Centennial
Exposition. The Director General is
now arranging space for these county
buildings, and that all may be ACCOM-
modated, it Is requested that the several
County Courts take action on the matter
at tho October term. These buildings
may be as-faodest or as expensive as it
is wished to make them. But no county
can afford not to be represented. Let
the County Courts take the initiative in
this great undertaking, to the end that
new capital and new people may be
brought among u.s."
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

Adjutant-General Sykes has issued
an order disbanding Company + of
Memphis, the Neely Zouaves, whose
captain. F. X Deffry, was recently
court-martialed. This order. was is
sued, it is explained, because of failure
tf comply with orders from the adiu-
tant-general's Office, failure to make
quarterly reports, in fact any returns
as to the State property in their posses
sion. It is said also that the State
property was neglected and in bad
order; that the company failed to come
up to the standard. and wss away be,
hind other companies
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
ANOTHER RESPITE

Granted to Albert w. WOodfey by Gov.
Hastings of PennsyIvania.
PITTSBURGH, Pa, Oct. 2L-Albert w.
Woodley has been granted second re-
spite, Gov. Hastings extending the
time until Thursday, November 26
The action is the result of the efforts
of his counsel, Mr.. Marshall. who
asked for stay in order that the case
Haight again be taken before the par
don board, as he believes the prisoner
is insane. Rev. E. Il. Donehoo and
David M. SHILLING, Woodley's spiritual
advisers, also asked for the respite.
The case will be presented to the par
don board November 1o.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
An Absurd Claim Against Colombia.


NEW YORK, Oct. 2I.--Having over
awed Nicaragua. Great Britain is now
playing a two-handed game in the
neighboring republics OF Venezuela and
Colon bia. In the latter ease Mr.. Bull
has demanded prompt settlement of
a claim filed against the government
of Colombia by a British commercial
company. The justice of this demand
may be gathered from the following
summary of the case, which has been
cabled to the Times:
The claim of the English contractors,
Punchard, McTaggert & Lowther,
against Colombia is summarized as fol-
lows:
Unapproved cash outlays, not placed
in the hands of the legal repositories,
and therefore inadmissible-e2s 900.
Discount on projected loan, which,
as they failed to fulfill their contract,
they did not effect, or were unable to
Obtain-a31O, ,O0O
Imaginary profits, which they might
have earned if they had built a rail
way. but they did not import a single
rail nor advance a line in their task
$500, OOO
Total claim againt Colombia-e63s,- :
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
ABOUT VENEZUELA.
How the Boundary Dispute In
Viewed in England.
CHAHBERLAIK'S BID FOR POPULARITY.
The London Press Busy EndeavorinR
to Discount the Monroe Doeirins--
An Absurd Claim Agr:=a
Colombia.

NEW YORK, Oct 2L-The London
correspondent of the Times says of the
boundary dispute between Great
Britain and Venezuela:
What it all amounts to, nm told
by politicians, is that Chamberlain de-
sires TO attract attention to himself as
the hero who can pull feathers from
the American eagles tail lie went
to Washington ON the fisheries COM
mission years ago. with precisely
the same notion in his mind, but
happened TO get married instead. Now
another and better opportunity offers,
and he will get as much advertising
out of MS as the rest of the cabinet al
lows him. Under ordinary cireum-
stances Salisbury's strong native in
disposition to fall out with the United
States Hwould effectually neutralize
this, but he is furiously driven with
other and more pressing work, and
Chamberlain, therefore, has more of q
free hand"
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
LIFE SENTENCE
Given to the Murderers of Engineer Holmes
at Carlinyi1Ie, Ill.

at Carlinyi1Ie, Ill.
CARIISvILLE, ILL.,. Oct. 21.-The jury
in the famous Holmes case returned
their verdict this morning at o'clock,
which was life sentence in the peni-
tentiary for all three-Bryant, Frost
and Meyers.
Yancy, attorney for Meyers, made a
motion for new trial. The others are
sati fed.
Five jurors were for hanging on the
first ballot and eight would have been,
it is said, if no talk had been INDUCED
in before the ballot.
The prisoners did not culver when
the verdict was read, but seemed well
pleased.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Comment of the london Presa,

LONDON, Oct. 2l.-The st. James Ga
zette, in an article on the situation of
the dispute between Great Britain and
Venezuela says: The United States
government has serious grievances of
its own against Venezuela. and it
would best become it's position as
great civilized power to join
in bringing these Spanish-Indian
barbarians to order. A good lesson
given to Venezuela would be equally
profitable to both the United States
and England, and the cooperation of
the United States would also be hu-
name, since il would have tendency
to make the lesson bloodless, convine-
ing the Venezuelans Of the folly Of re-
sistance.
The Westminster Gazette says: Ven.
ezuela, like Nicaragua, after much
fuss, will probably prove to be small
beer. No doubt the less scrupulous of
the New York papers will talk big
about what they are going to do with
the lions tail, but Great Britain and
the United States are not going to be
set by the ears by pack of Venezu-
elaDs.
fhe Globe says: Even IL the Monroe
doctrine was an axiom of interna-
tional law, it could have no bearing
upon our dispute with Venezuela. Its
widest application can only be held to
insist that no European power shall
effect fresh lodgment in America. so
it does not affect the decision of En-
gland not to allow Venezuela to oc-
cupy part of the colony of British
Guiana"
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
MARRIED By A WOMAN.

The First Event of the Kind In Washington
County, Md.
HAGERsIowS, Md. Oct 21.-The first
woman ever performing a marriage
ceremony in Washington county was
Rev. Miss Laura E.. Grossnickle, who
married Miss Rosie Nuuamaker and
Mr.. James R. Keadle, at Napleville,
Saturday. Rev. Miss Grossnickle is a
native of Washington county and was
ordained minister in the German
Baptist Brethren {Dunkard) church in
Obio
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
signs of Dissolution.

MINNEAPOLIS, Mimi, Oct. 21.-The
Episcopal convention gives evidence Of
it's early dissolution by the small mum
Der of delegates in attendance. The
body of the church was not two-thirds
filed, and the familiar faces of some
of the most able and prominent dele
gates were conspicuous by their abb
sence, having returned to their homes.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Suicide of Newspaper Publisher.

ST. PAUL, MINI, Oct. 2l.-A. u.
Adams, newspaper publisher of Spo-
kane, Wash, was found on the side
walk in front OF the Sherman hotel
dead. lie had committed suicide by
shooting through the head No cause
Is known for the act.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
THE COTTON FURRY.
A Heavy Decline In New YOrk-A Failure
In New Orleans.

New YORK, Oct. Elm the early
afternoon January cotton touched
s27. This was decline of lit points
from Wednesday, or equivalent to s.. s5
a bale. In the early afternoon, how
ever, conservative traders were couu-
selling that there should be reaction
or serious results might follow.
Some prominent operators are said
to have come in as buyers.
uA New Orleans dispatch reported the
failure of Emmett tE Beauchamp,
cotton house there.
Up to o'clock the sales on the cot
ton exchange aggregated for the day
6Oe, 600 bales, the largest on record.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
A Maryland TraRelIr.

HAeERsTowN, Md, Oct. 21.-Near
Eakles mills, on the road leading to
Locust Grove, Sunday night, VIM.
Lands, 49 years old. shot his wife in
the temple, and believing her to be
dead, killed himself. Mrs. Lands is
expected to die at any moment. Jeal-
ousy and frequent quarrels led up to
the tragedy.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Toledo to Get five Years franchise.

TOLEDO, O., Oct 21.-B. B. johnson.
of Cincinnati; Matt Killilea, of Mil
waukee, and w. F. G. Colt, OF Indi-
annapolis, composing the circuit com
here Sunday examining Into Toledo's
claims for place in the league, and
decided unanimously to recommend it
for fve-year franchise.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
pennsylvania MINES.
The Strike situation Not as Serious as
Threatened.


Threatened.
ALTOONA, Pa, Oct 21.-The mining
situation in the mountain region, ex-
tending from this city to Johnstown,
is not nearly SO serious as was aptici-
pated. From authentic sources it is
learned that about 1000 men are out
and at least 1000 are at work as usual.
On the Cresson and Clearfield division
the men are working at Spangler,
Barnsboro and Hastings, but at Fru-
gality about 200 men are out In the
Clearfield region the only mine entire
ly idle is the Lancashire, at Phillips
burg, which has about 200 men. 1t is
the general opinion here among rail-
road officials and operators that by
Wednesday the men will either all be
out or they will all be at work.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

A Centennial Club of colored men has
been organized at Nashville, and has
issued an address 10 the colored peo-
pie OF Tennessee, calling Upon them to
opment of their race at next years
Exposition.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
rho DrourIlt IN Norlh Texas.

DENIsoN, Tex, Oct. 2l.-The drought
in north Texas and the Indian terri
tory is the most severe in many years.
Wells are dry and courses are dried up.
The stock OF water in large ranches
has given out, and herds are contin-
uallv on the move for water.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
SPANISH BOMBAST.
Windy Theats OF the Spanish Press In the
City of Mexico.

City of Mexico.
CITY OF MEXICO. Oct. 21.-"Reca
Latina" a Spanish daily paper here, the
organ of the resident Spaniards, de
clares that when Spain has completed
the subjugation of Cuba she will send
the sixth division of the Spanish navy
to lombard New York, thus inaugu-
rating a war with a nation of barba-
rians who, although numerically supe-
rior to the Spaniards, are really con-
temptible, clustering dwarfs. Spain
must rely on her Spanish pride to
teach the Yankees lesson.
The organs of the Spanish colony
here are exceedingly bitter against
the American people, and war is a
common threat.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
THE SUPREME COURT
OF Arkansas and the Corbett Ha.
beas Corpus Case.
Will II REVERSE THE cHANcELLOR9
That is What is Keeping the Hot Springs
People Guessing Distinguished At-
torneys Arguing fer the Pugs-
A General Conference.

The Cbrbett Habeas Corpus Case Appeal.
Hor SPRINGS Ark, Oct. gl.-Atty.
Gen. Trustworthy has gone to Little
Rock. Before he left the representa-
tive of tue United Press had a
brief interview With Elm, In which
he said that there were some err.
roneous things credited to nim in
what purported to be an inter.
view with him Sunday with refer.
ehce to his opinion of what would be
the action of the supreme court iii the
appeal from the ehancery court in the
Corbett habeas corpus case. He de-
sired the United Press to correct the
error, and said emphatically: Il do
not believe the decision of Chancellor
Leatherman is correct, and | am of the
opinion that the supreme court will re-
verse .he decision.
When asked upon what legal ground,
he said: II do not care to answer or
to be interviewed further. 1t would
give the other side an advantage, and a
good general does not disclose his plans
TO the enemy"
Suppose the supreme court afirms
the chancellor's decision, what further
recourse will the governor have to
carry out his expressed determination
to stop the fght?'
II can not speak for the governor,
and have nothing further to say"
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
THE SETTLERS WIN
In the Contest with the Railroads In Iowa
for Certain Lands.

In tho Contest with the Railroads In Iowa
for Certain Lands.
WASHINGTON, Oct 2l.-The triaD su-
lar contest between the Chicago, Mil
waukee q st. Paul Railroad Co., the
Sioux City & St. Paul Railroad Co and
the settlers, backed by the United
States, for title to and possession of
certain lands in O'Brien and Dickens0n
counties, Ia, was settled by the su-
preme court of the United States in
favor of the settlers and the United
States in an opinion delivered by Mr..
Justice Harlan.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
A Pea-PickinE Machine.

Absalom Clark, negro aged IS years,
of Sparta, has invented a pea-picking
machine, which upon trial has proved
success and will be of immense benefit
TO farmers. The machine is about the
size of mower, shells and separates
the peas, and will cover ten acres Of
grounds dav
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
The Petrol and Her Crew Undoubtedly


osooDA, Mich, Oct 2I.--Nothing has
been heard of the tug Pctrel, and her
owners have given her up as lost. With
out doubt her crew of eight persons
went to tue bottom with her.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Tan 17bil,lrcn Cremated

BERLIN, Oct 21.-A dispatch from
DIrschau, Polish Prussia, says that ten
children were burned to death on Sun
day in house in Preussich Stargard,
in which they were confined.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

The marble producers of East Ten=
nessee will erect over the principal
thoroughfare leading to the Centen-
hia9 Exposition an. arch of native mar
bic sixty feet f1igii aid Gf sixty feet
span. The arch is to be PERMANENT,
to stand a monument to enterprise and
resource many a long year after the
Exposition has passed into history.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
A Sensation at Memphis.

A sensation was created in Memphis
last week when f. developed that A. Z.
Ward, a prominent business man of
the city, had forged paper to the
amount OF S2oo, 600 and skipped the
country
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Talra D,vI,feud Declared,

WASHINGTON, Oct. 21.-The comp
troller of the currency has declared a
third dividend of 10 per cent. in favor
of the creditors of the First national
bank of Dayton, Tenn.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

The basin of the two lakes on the
Centennial grounds have been hol.
lowed cut, and the earth removed
placed on the terrace. One lake Is to
be fifteen acres in extent and the other
two. At the lower end OF the smaller
one an ol1-fashioned oveRshot waters
wheel will operate a mill where Cen.
tential souvenirs will be made.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

WASHINGTON, Oct. 2l.-Thc president
appointed David E. King postmaster
at Roodhouse, Ill, vice K. z, Whit
loek.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

ROsrE. n. Y, Oct 9l.-ChArles Oscar
Yale, the bank lock expert, and we'll.
known among safe manufacturers,
died At hts home Sunday evening In
bis slxly.sixth year.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

c., d. c. L.. the English historian,
died at Christ church, aged 81 years.
He was for many years editor of the
Edinburgh Review.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
n.an,,,nai TIIa nntIea.

wAsH1yeroN. Oct. 2L-Comptroller
Rclxels, who has been absent in Eu.
rope for six weeks. has resumed his
sglles at the treasury department.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
SUBSCRIPTION: Sl.OO Per Year.
IIarrlson Ont O laarnntine.

SARATOGA, n. Y, Oct. 2I.-Ex-Presi-
dent Harrison left town Sunday night
on the south-bound midnight train.
presumably for New York. Benny
Mckee, continues to improve.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
The Fight Or New Def.

HOT SPRINGS. Ark, Oct. 21.-At the
conference between the Florida Ath-
letic club officials and managers of
Corbett and Fitzsimmons the club
asked for postponement of the con-
test TO November II. Brady agreed to
this, but Julian steadfastly refused to
bulge. The club then declared the
fight off. Brady then announced that
Corbett was prepared to fight any man
in the world on November IL, Robert
Fitzsimmons preferred, the man to be
named within twenty-four hours. Ven
dig then announced that he would
match Peter Maher against Corbett for
G.. 600.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
NIcaragunn Crops Ruined by Cold.

NEW York, Oct ala MaIagua
(Nicaragual special says: Owning to
the serious cold weather most of the
crops have been ruined. A decree
orders that all cereals from neighbor-
ing countries imported by the national
road or steamers shall pay no feight
CHARGES
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

The Tennessee Centennial Exposition
will be another White City" All the
buildings arR to fbe constructed of
stan.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
WIN Be Open One Hundred Days.

The directors of the Tennessee Cen
tennial met at Nashville last week and
apopted resolutions to keep the exposi-
tion open 100 days, not including Sun
days, or from September ], 1896, to De-
cember 9th; to require the contractors to
have tho buildings ready August /,
1896, so as to give exhibitors thirty days
in which to get their exhibits in place
and to make another assessment on the
stockholders November l and monthly
thereafter until all subscriptions arc
paid
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
A General CONFERENCE.

HoT SPRINGS, Ark, Oct 21.-Hon. L.
W. Rector, Col. George w. Murphy and
Hon. Will I'll. Martin, three of the most
distinguished attorneys in Arkansas,
have gone to Little Rock to look after
the interests of the Florida Athletic
club and of Hot Springs in the Corbett
case before the supreme COURT
w. A. Brady and Martin Julian had
a long private conference, and a gen.
eral conference between the citizens
committee, the Florida Athletic club
and the representatives of the respect
i've pugilists followed. It is believed
that matters will be settled amicably,
and that Julian will have Fitzsimmons
come on at once. Corbett expresses an
earnest wish that this should be the
case, and says he will do everything he
can to facilitate an agreement.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
KING MeneIe. was kuled by LlEhtnInr.

ROME, Oct. 21.-The Don Chislotte
Della Mancia (newspaper) announces
that the report that King Menelek of
Abyssinia had been killed by stroke
of lightning is officially confirmed.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Lirn stock nIariret.

ST. LoUIs-Cattle Fancy export s. 00l5S0;
Hogs-Packiug, s3 6It38) butchers hogs.
tSg5a3 s2H; Workers.. , % IS s.. sheep Prices
range at IL 10 5l3.00; sPr ng lambs, s3 o. L375.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
TIE aola Reserte.

WASHINGTON. Oct. 2l.-The treasury
gold reserve Is nov s82, s974ls,
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Bru.hy mountain Coal Mines,

Nashville, Oct. 15.-1he September
report of j. T. Hill, State manager of
the Brushy Mountain coal min es, shows
that outside work is progressing favor
ably. The railroad track is about com.
pleted. The drum house, blacksmith
shop, barn and administration buildings
are well under Roadway and now near
ing completion. Track laying in the
mines is progressing, and switches are
now run into twenty-nine rooms in
which miners can be placed as soon as
an outside arrangement for handling
the coal can be made. The width of the
main entrance has been doubled to 600
feet. Nearly enough lumber has now
been sawed to build the stock AIDES.
During September 2,471.22 tons of coal
were mined. The sales for September
amounted to 81, 34s. 30, as against
81, 349.O2 for August. The main entry
is 1910 feet long. The left main air
course is 1,2O2 feet, the right main
caurss 1915 feet. The cross entries ag-
gregate 5,14G. There remains on hand
an available balance of S2O,014.72.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

Tennessee architecs are now compel.
ing for four of the main buildings of
the Tennessee Centennial Exposition
the Commerce; or Liberal Arts, Ma
chinery, Electricity and Transporta-
tfon buildings. The designs will be
selected Nov. is, and the work of efecs
ton will begin Immediately, the heav-
ier work to be completed by Jan. 1.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
A British snundron for Venezuelan v

LONDON, Oct. 21.-Following Lord
Salisbury's ultimatum to President
Crespo, demanding indemnity for al
legged outrages upon her majesty's sub
jects on the Guiana frontier. it is
learned that the admiralty office has
arranged to concentrate in Venezuelan
waters upon short notice squadron of
warships.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25

The terrace and foundation of the
Fine Arts Building of the Tennessee
Centennial have been completed and
the edifice will be finished by Christ.
mas. The grounds are now in the hands
of the Chairman of the Committee
on Buildings and Grounds who is
laying out the walks and directing
the tefracing Of the sites Of the four
main buildings now in the hands ct
the architects.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1895-10-25
Work of the Board of Equalization.


The State board of equalization has
turned over to the comptroller their
figures as to the assessment of the rail-
roads of the State. While there are
some increases the decreases are larger,
and roads assessed last year and not as
sessable this year amount to S134, 500.
The net reduction in the assessed valua-
tiOn of roads amount to $500, 1s9. This,
at the rate of 50 per 81, 900, will amount,
however, to loss of only S726 State
taxes. The wires of the Western Union
Telegraph Company were assessed at
$50 per mile this year, against $40 last
year, but there was no increase on the
Postal wires, which are still assessed at
$40 per mile. The board has declined
to recede from its action increasing the
Robertson county assessment 10 per
cent, but receded in the case of Henry
county, which was raised per cent.