The morning times., 1895-09-01

! lhlrly years ago.
Col Wright thinks our schools OF science
and technology now rank in their kind
\ with any in the world, and, taken all in all,
/ as educational Institutions, they are Of equal
I rank with the best universities" But these
/ schools, ii should be noted, do not aim 10
! teach particular trades. Their function
/ is 10 supply general instruction, which may
! be useful in scientific OF industrial ca
reers. The great need 1.-THE United States is
/ for schools which shall Implement the man.
! ual training idea and make expert me-
/ chanics and artisans Of youths who
have received a preparatory equipment IN
the common schools. Manual training is
/ being rapidly incorporated into our system
Of primary education, but even as 10 this
Col Wright remarks:
Debate on the subject is more OF a novel
ty with ms than with the people OF continen-
tai Europe, where every phase OF the ques-
tion or manual training has been under in
vestigation for years, and where settled
conclusions have been reached concerning
matters, which in America are yet subjudice
and which, moreover, in this country, involve
other conditions and require more careful
adjustment than under European govern
ments."
PHILADELPHIA TRADE SCHOOLS.
Among trade and technical schools, Com
missioner Wright accords high praise to
the Philadelphia School Of Industrial Art,
the Drexel Institute, the Williamson Free
School Of Mechanical Trades and the School
OF the Philadelphia Builders Exchange.
or the School Of Industrial Art he says:
'It must not be supposed that America has
parisons with those Of foreign countries.
The School of Industrial Art in Philadel-
phia. has a textile department, estab-
lshed in 1888, which, in the estimation
OF good judges, is superior even to the
famous Crcfeld School" Il is now no
longer incumbent upon any one, - he adds,
80 visit Europe for instruction In textile
art as this school is fully prepared to
supply technical Information on all sub
/ 1ects connected herewith.
The status Of this Institution is justly
a source Of local pride and Of national salts
faction" IN the opinion Of the commission
er, were technical trade schools, OF an
equal order OF excellence, esta bllshed all
over the country, even II there should be
only one such school in each State, the re-
suit would naturally be To give a powerful
stimulus to industrial education and TO
lift the trades To the dignity OF the profeS-
sions, the artisan TO the plane Of the artist.
The special function Of such a school would
depend partly upon the nature of tie re.
,ion of its establishment. and might be de-
termiHel wholly by local circumstances
1t need not be weaving school. il might be
dairy school or a school OF forestry
or OF farriery, according to the special
need
MORE SPECIAL SCHOOLS NEEDED.
This is precisely what has been done in
Europe with splendid results u I'd in this
fact we have the distinguishing difference
between the educational systems OF the old
world and the new. OF the thirty or more
Institutions In tEis country which are cias-
SIZED by Comm ssIoner Wugnt unuer
the heading, Trade aud Technical
schools" there are but few that devote
themselves 10 single branches OF industry
the Philadelphia Textile School; the
matchmaking schools at Waltham, Mass;
Chicago, III; Elgin, III; st. Louis No; La
Porte, Ind, and Winona, Mimi, and the
printing press school OF Messrs. r. Hoe S
Co., Of New York. Besides these may be
mentioned the Auchmuty trade schools
the Philadelphia Builders Exchange,
which specialize their work TO the extent Of
confiuing ID TO The building trades, such
as bricklaying, carpe utry, plumbing,
stonecutung, plastering, painting, eto.
AUsTRIA's PREPARATORY SYSTEM.
But in Europe such shCools are almost IN
Vulnerable, and the tendency seems to be
more and more in thedireCtion OF fspecialiZed
education. In Austria, as in Germany, the
"fortbildung" (Upbunding or intermediary
schools play an important partin the workof
prepa ration for more advanced instruction,
Apprentices and young workngmen Of all
trades are assembled iDdiscriminately in the
same school rooms, and while general sub
5ects Of education are impaired to all alike,
special theoretical instruction pertaining TO
the trade OF the individual pupil is given to
him. For instance, the shoemaker is in
sructed in the anatomy Of the foot and his
drawing models are feet, boots, shoes, etc.
The tailor is Instructed in the general
anatomy OF the human body, and must
draw patterns Of clothing according to
certain measurements, and so on for all
the other trades where feasible. But no
practical instruction is given, no actual
tuition in the use OF tools" This comes
later in The more advanced trade schools.
In the large cities. like Vienna, for ex-
ample, every prominent trade has its own
Fortbudungs -schule, supported by the
guilds, composed Of the owners of trade
establishments Thus, there are schools
for carpenters, toiners, turner's, painters,
printers, c0nfectioners, watchmaEers, lock-
smiths. etc. This tendency to establish
Fr,T
bIldungs -schule for restaurant walters.
In this school instruction is given in French,
in department, IN the first principles of
caIlsthenics and 10 rapid commercial cali
culation The school is supported by hotel
keepers and restaurant owners, who send
there, for a few hours each day, boys who
wish to become expert walters"
ADVANCED TRADE SCHOOLS OF AUS
TRIA
The trade schools OF a higher grade are
known as Gewerbe schuIen. "A pupil enter
ing one OF these becomes g fuI-nedged work
man at graduation. All Gewerbe schulen in
Austria are conducted in strict accordance
with one model, the Museum n
Vienna, which exercises 3 general supervis-
sion over that class Ofsehools. Anthe dTa W.
iDgs and clay models are tbe same through
out the empire, and it may be safely assert
cd that when one has seen one school he
has virtually seen all OF them. These schools
are scattered over the whole OF Austria, and
they are located mainly with view TO sup
ply the wants saBdneeessitieso Of fthegeograph-
ical position. The schools for weaving and
knitting and the manufacture OF textiles in
general are nearly all located in Bohemia,
Moravia and silesia, the inhabitants Of the
nrnrinrns nnnnnh having nuns Irnd thea