davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
Union Veterans Encampment.

LIMA, Ohio, Aug. 6.-The eighth
national encampment Of the Union
veterans and the Woman's relief
union convened here today to last
four days. After the regular rou-
tine business of each day there
will be camp fires in which speak
ers Of national fame will address
the veterans. The encampment
opened at Music hall at 10 o'clock
this morning. The members OF
the Womsn's relief union assem-
BILE at the county court house,
at the sam time. In the after.
noon the veterans and ladies and
visiting comrades and friends met
in joint session at Music hall to
hear addresses by Mayor Smiley
and others. The Hon. Calvin,
Brice, Ex-Gov. Foraker, Hon. Paul
J. Sorg and Hon. f. @. Layton,
have been invited to speak.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
Atlanta Government Gang

WASHINGTON, Aug. Gan Office
of the government board Of man
agement of the cotton states eX-
position will be established at At
lsnta tomorrow. A force of clerks
and other employees OF the board,
headed by w. l. Adams, secretary
and disbursing officer Of the board,
left here last night and will imme-
diately begin active" work on the
prOunds
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
Purse offered for $4,000 Race.

RED OAK, Iowa, Aug. 6.-The fol-
lowing message was sent today to
G. ]. Hamlin, Buffalo, N. Y, owner
of Robert j., Jos. Taylor, Of Buffalo,
owner Of Joe Patchen, and NJ. E.
McHenry, Freeport, driver OF John
r. Gentry: "Will give purse Of
5000 for race between Robert j.,
John r. Gentry and Joe Pstchen,
at racing park Thursday, August
Is. American rules to govern.
Money divided 60, rs and Is per
cent. Please ,yire answer. (Signed)
Palmer'Clarke, secretary"
The answers are awaited with
great Interest.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
colored Men Want to Fight.

CHICAGO, Aug. 6.-Some Of the
colored residents Of Chicago have
been wrought into dangerous con-
dition by the report Of the ravages
committed against their brethren
at Spring Valley. The more radi
cal have threatened to march
against the miners there with an
armed force.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
coUNTERFEIrERs CAUGHT.
Large Sums in Canadian Certificates
Printed on One Side are Secured
and Paper for $500, 900.


NEW YORK, Aug. 6.-The World
tomorrow will say: The expert
,counterfeiters who for years past
have been engraving and printing
$500 and 500 dollar certificates
and flooding Canada with notes OF
smaller denominations, have been
discovered by secret service detec.
tives and four of the gang Of five
are now locked up in Jersey City.
The fifth member, the hacker OF the
plant, was arrested, but escaped
from the officers. Brockway, the
most expert forger and counterfeit
er in this country, is robably the
principal of the gang. He Is sew
enty-three years old. When he
AS caught he had in his posses
, ~ $500 gold certificate and
.soaa - ~-nadian money, supposed
'9o1o III ". .'eit. The man who
TO De counter. Ids for the plant
was DR.. Bra s who heretofore
has managed to escape 20 gang
1uS OVfr6E ul6I1U6T5 IN I'd =
are Libbie Smith, a cousin Vi d."
ford, and Sidney Smith, t." Gu -
graver of the party, who is saiG " -
be Libbie Smiths husband, an
William S. Wagner. Smith was
arrested last night with counter
felt plates in his possession. The
plates and paper seized show this
to be the most skillful gang that
has operated in this country for
years. The building was raided on
Saturday night last. Besides val
liable plates for United States and
Canadian notes, 100000 in Cana
dian currency with the reverse side
all printed was discovered. The
patent front side was found last
night in the posses sion of Smith,
who was arrested at his home. A
sufficient amount Of fibre paper to
print 100000 more of Canadian
money was also located in secret
closet. The paper, according to
experts, is even superior to that
prepared by the Hoyt gang in Con-
necticut. Plates for $500 and 500
were found in the tables.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
Boris Not a Proselyte.

NEW YORK, Aug. Ga special
to the Herald from Berlin says it is
learned that Prince Ferdinand Of
Bulgaria has assured the Pope that
his brother, Prince Boris, will not
change his religion.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
MISSOURI SILVERITES.
THEY WILL HAVE A STATE COM
MITTEE TO SUIT THEMSELVES.

Silverites are Way in the Majority
and Will Not Stand Monkeying.
Will Have a Commute of Their
own or Split the Democracy in
Middle-Little Hope of a Compro-
mise.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
Cuban Engineer Reported Killed.

New YORK, Aug. GA special
to the Herald from Havana says:
1t is reported here unofficially that
Senior Menocal engaged in the
service Of the rebels as military
engineer, has been killed. He is
said to have lost his life in a
mountain near Gsyamour.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
CHINA'S BAD BREAK.
OFFICIAL CONVEYANCE AT THE
MISSIONARY MASsAORES.

English People Wrought Up and
the Government Urged Through
the Press to Take Immediate Steps
to Punish the Authors and Albeit
tors of the Murders.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
Lady Eronaut Killed.

LONDON, Aug. 6.-Miss Adelaide
Bassett, while ascending in bal
loon in this city, struck telephone
wire, which detached the para
chute, and she was killed.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
De Campos In Havana.

HAVANA, Aug. 6.--Captain Gen.
eral Martinez De Campos arrived
here Unexpectedly at II O'Clock
this morning.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-08-06
New Texas Postmaster.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 6.-The Pres
ident has appointed E. M. Tate
postmaster at Sulphur Spring.
Texas.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
MoNTANA's SILVER STATUE.
Bold Attempt to Steal II From n Kan-
sas City Dry Goods Store.

Bold Attempt to Steal IL From n Kan-
sas City Dry Goods Store.
KANSAS CRY, March 15.-What was
doubtless an attempt to steal the $685.
600 gold base Of the famous Montana
silver statue exhibited at the worlds
fair was frustrated here tonight. The
statue is on exhibition in the dry goods
store Of local firm. Il rests in plain
sight OF the street and is easy of access.
late tonight two men, who, it was
later developed, had hidden themselves
in the store when it was closed this
evening, got so far as to wrench an iron
beam of the door where the statue
stood, and were opening both doors
when discovered. The men fled and
we're CHASED for several blocks, and al
though fred at half dozen times, es-
capped. They left the tools which would
have been necessary to remove the
statue, showing their intentions. Tracks
in the alley near by, where d rear door
had been opened, indicated they had
confederates. The statue was that for
which Ada Rehan posed as a model.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
Will PAY THE PENALTY.
A WashIEgton Countsrfeiter veiuntar-
fly Gives Himself Up.

ily Gives HimseIf Up.
sE AaTLE. March i5.--The first case ii
an accusing conscience, influenced by
religion. that ever came to the notice Of
the federal authorities in this city was
brought TO light last Monday afternoon,
when Thomas German, big ironmoul-
der by trade, walked into Commissioner
Emery's Office and asked United States
District Attorney Brinker to have war
rant issued for his arrest for counterfeit
ing and passing counterfeit coin. Cor
man said that he had confessed to the
officers Of the Salvation Army and made
up his mind to do the same to the au-
thorities. He said that he had passed
$3.50 in this city and also in Tacoma
during the past two months, and that
he made the coin himself, using an
electric platter to plate the lead money.
He said that he did not know the per-
atty for his ofense, and did not care as
long as bis conscience, which was both
ering him, was clear and he had atoned
for his crime. He was sent to Jail in
default Of bond to await trial in June.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
CHEERS FOR AMERICA.
England Denounced for Not Extending
Aid to Newfoundland.

England Denounced for Not Extending
Aid to Newfoundland.
ST. JoHs's, N. f., March 15.--At a
meeting Of the West End relief commit
tee last night John Boyd, governor for
the poor asylum and an ex-member Of
the colonial legislature, denounced the
British government for allowing the peo-
pie Of Newfoundland to starve on the
streets, and the British flag to bestaryed
of the aagpole in Newfoundland, while
England gives thousands Of pounds to
the Armenians and protects African
trading companies, leaving our people
to 90 begging 70 America for relief to
keep body and soul together. Seven
hundred families in the east end of St.
Johns were provided to-day with three
days provisions from the Boston relief
contributions. When the Halifax
steamer, Grand Lake, left this port this
morning she had among her passengers
Mr. Faye, who came here in charge OF
tke American relief contributions. AT
thu hour of the steamers departure
4 .Oce people were on the wharf to see
Mr.. Fase of. When the steamer was
swung Out from her pier the American
flag was hoisted at her foremasthead.
The banner was greeted with many
hearty cheers. Cheers for Mr.. Faye and
Boston were given, The highest praise
is given Mr.. Faye for the manner In
which he has managed with the contri-
buttons he had in charge, and the way
in which he acquainted himself with
the wants and distress ofthe people.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
NTAosE WRECK TELEeRAMs.
hFoAesutIon Called Upon to Produce
Them in Court.

Z t
SAN FRaEcrsco, March 15.--In the
stris srs' case in the United States dis
trict court to-day Harry Knox, the
leader 81 the Sacramento lodge Of the
A. R.lUss testified that at least six oi
the signatures alleged to be his ON tele-
grams Introduced BY the prosecution
were forRsries. Attorney Monteith for
the defense had served notice on Dis
trict Attorney Foote TO compel the pro.
duction Of Selesrama alleged to have
been sent hy Superintendent Wright, Of
Sacramento, Ia Auburn and Willows, to
wreck the two trains taken from Duns-
muir and Trnckee by strikers. II is
said that the telegrams have been de-
stroyed but the defense has copies oi
them taken hR the wire BY operators on
the other sidb of the receiving stations.
Had the trains hsen wrecked, as ia al
legged they were ordered To be, any oi
the Al. r. u nAen who went 10 Sacra-
mento to aid 6he strikers there might
have been killsd.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
ADVERTISING RATES.
FIRED FROM AMBUSH.
Colorado Miners Avsngs . saloon Man, :
Death.

PUEBLO, Colo, March IA special
from Walsenburg, small town fifty-
six miles south Of Pueblo, says: A mob
in ambush at z 80 this evening fred on
wagon containing nine Italians who
are charged with fatally beating A.. ].
Hixon, q saloon-keeper at Rouse,
mining camp six miles from Walsen-
burg, Sunday last. Four Of the Italians
and the wagon-driver were killed. The
prisoners who had been lodged in the
Walsenburg y jail were taken TO the coro-
ner's inquest at Rouse this afternoon.
AT the conclusion Of the session the
prisoners were loaded into wagon and
started back 10 Jail. At Bear creek, q
region where there is much under
brush, half mile from Walsenburp,
the crack Of score Of rifles, presumably
IN the hands Of miners, rang out. -Four
OF the prisoners whose names cannot be
learned on account OF the excitement.
we're instantly killed. Joe Welby. a
young American boy, was driving the
wagon and was also killed. The officers
returned the fire, which lasted for sew
eral minutes. The most intense excite
ment reigns.
Walsenburg and Rouse are both Of
the main line Of the railroad, and a.
tempts to secure further details have
failed, because the telegraph Offices are
not open ct night.
The work Of the mob was done to
ayenge PECULIARLY brutal crime. AT 4
O'Clock Monday morning two men en-
route to work at Rouse discovered A. j.
Hixon, proprietor Of saloon, in q dv-
ing condition about an eighth of mile
from his place of business. Hixon had
been struck on the back Of the head
with blunt weapon and was uncon-
scious. He expired within an hour.
Some days ago i. j. Brewer, pit boss
Of the Rouse mine, imported a trained
bloodhound, which was promptly sum
moned. The animal rushed away on
the trail, and within ten minutes seized
a table leg in the rear Of . saloon hail i
mile distant. Upon examination blood
was ionnd on this leg. The dog then
proceeded to the saloon door, and two
men, Lorenzo Danino and Jobatto An
tonio, Were discovered therein, exhibit
ing considerable anxiety 70 get away.
Two more men, Pete R0eotts and Frank
Anrico, were arrested IN d cabin near
by. Admissions of knowledge OF the
murder were secured from two Of them
on their arrest, and later they diy1aasHedE
the names Of seven others, who wers
with them, and charged Lorenzo Danino
with the murder. Two Of the parties
had started south. The officers we're
quickly in the saddle, and all OF them
were under arrest by 4r.M. Threats q
lynching Danino were INDUCED in dur
ing the day, and quite number of men
were scattered along the route to Wal
senburg, but it was thought there Mas
scarcely q possibility violence would be
attempted.
Hixon was rather popular with the
American miners, and general indigna-
tion prevails. He was an Arkansan. \,
late OF Texas, and was 36 or S8 years Of /
age. He was supposed to have returned
from Walsenburg on horseback about 10
P. NJ, and to have been attacked una
wares. The incentive of the murder is
a problem, as Hixon was not OF an
aggressive or quarrelsome disposition.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
a BLAckMAiLiNc SCHEME.
Such the Cuban Revolution Is Said to
Be by an Authority.

Such the Cuban Revolution Is Said to
BE by an Authority.
WAsHrEGros, March Is. The Spanish
minister Senior Murnaga, has received
within the past few days several threat
ening letters from manufacturers Of high
explosives In this country. The writer's
have asked him to purchase their explo-
siyes foruse against the Cuban insur-
gents, and have stated that in the event
OF bis refusal to do 30 they will be sent
gratuitously TO the rebels to be used by
them In the destruction Of the Spanish
troops and Spanish property in the isl-
sd The letters have been thrown into
the waste basket, and have been given
no further consideration by the minister.
A high official authority in Washing
ton states that the so-called revolution
in Cuba is really o tempest in a tea
pot" This gentleman says that the al
legged insurgents do not exceed in the
aggregate 1000 men; that they are not
patriots as the term is understood here,
but separate bands OF rowing banditti.
who have combined for unlawful pur-
poses, and who are endeayoring to give
a political color to their action by POSING
as native Cubans deeirious OF throwing
of the yoke OF Spain. The same author
ity states the present troubles are TO-
mented BY certain Cuban adventurers
in the United States, who are using their
followers in Cuba as means to collect
money from the United States, tie most
OF which finds its way into their own
pockets.
II is asserted that the 10000 Cuban
cigar-makers in this country are con-
tributing $l2 each OF their monthly
wages to the support Of the revolution.
tits claimed that through various sources
upward Of $50, 600 have been contributed
by Cuban sympathizers here, and that
while some Of this money has been ex-
pended for arms and munitions of war,
most Of it win be converted to the per-
sonal use Of the men who are instru-
mental in collecting it.
An unqualified denial is given to the
report that the governor general Of
Cuba, Senior Calico. is to be recalled
and his Office filed by another gentle
man, who will be become a practical
dictator. Senior Callejo has, it is said,
given entire satisfaction to the Spanish
cabinet, and there is not the slightest
probability that he will be removed.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
The Ru.lna.. Men ]. ps,srlII..sa.

New ORLEANs, March lE. ne CON.
mercial bodies Of this city last hight il.
sued an address to the people, Atathg IL
substance, that the Interference oi I
few thousand organised lsbo1sra III ,tIla
commercial affairs Of the city wonid 81
no longer tolerated. The address ills
dorsed the right Of an employer "a hire
whom he chose, and warned tk0se WHO
have taken the law into their own hanz6
that they must desiet Il kais6 81 pressed
q willingness To meet the men aIfIira BY,
If they will return 70 psaNefuf mafhtlIs
and accept work, hut declared that q 81
must otherwise nland 4
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
Tho Tyler-Last Chance Controversy.

WASHINGTON, March l5. Secretary
Smith has rendered a decision in the
case Of the Last Chance Mining Com
pany VS.. the Tyler Mining Company,
being a claim made by the former for
the Tyler lode in the Coenr d'Alenes,
Idaho. A portion OF the Tyler claim
overlapped the Last Chance, but the
patent waived the right to the overlap-
ping portion. The Last Chance, how.
ever, asked that no patent be issued
while there was pending in the supreme
court case affecting the title Of the
property. Secretary Smith holds as tia
overlapping tract had been waived ~
the Tyler Company patent shall Issue
for its claim.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
AR'LlNG G ION FOSSIL
Stage Line.
+. PARKER, Proprietor.
rAvM w,<... -, K -. =. -.

FARE rnoM AIsLfNeroN no
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
PERlLs or THE SEA.
Particulars Of the Loss or the Bark
Sarah 8. Ridgeway.

RAFttculArs OF Eno Loss OF the BARK
Sarah 8. Ridgeway.
VICTORIA, B. c., March IA. The
steamer Miowera brings the following
story: Survivors of the wreck Of the
American bark Sarah s. Ridgeway, sSs
tons, belonging to Philadelphia, bound
from Newcastle to Singapore with coal,
reached Bundabeerg February 10. They
comprise Captain N. spjorgren, his wife.
officers and crew, numbering eleven.
The vessel made a splendid run until
January %, when she encountered q
terrible cyclone, lasting four days With
out cessation. Three Of the crew were
washed away and drowned. The wind
defed all the efforts OF the men on deck.
Men lashed to the wheel worked splen-
didly until forced by falling masts to-
abandon their post. On the 29th the
wind abated, when the bark went ashore
on Belona shoals, in Elise south, 435
miles northeast Of Burnet heads. The
master stood by until February 5. when
finding that the erection OF jury masfs
or etfecting repairs would be impossible
he and the crew took to the boats with
provisions and water. In this wAy they
arrived st Bundabeerg In In utterly
destitute condition. Albert Restols, &
seaman, IL suffering from lhroken les,
the mast having fallen on him. He was
conveyed TO hospital. and Is nov In =
|precari0us state. The bark Nha unin-s
snred, and was only abandoa .Ila,a
aid had become valueless. TIL z=lsilzs
Of those drowned are albert Segu
Harry Bailer, seamen, and Char So
aten, carpenter. 1
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22

1
gon's Only Recourse. E
SAN Francisco, March Is. llle
steamer City OF Peking sailed yesterday
for China and Japan, and all of her
available space for freight was taken.
The principal item Of her big cargo was
flour, and there has been scramble for
room for this article. Ithas been learned
that contracts are being made for -four
shipments on both the Pacific Mail and
Occidental & Oriental steamers as far
ahead as May 1.
The reason given for this rush for
freight space on the part Of Touring men
10 the demand for room made by Port
land millers. Strange az it may seem
70 San Franciscans, -four is being manu-
iactured in Oregon and shipped to Hong
Kong by way of San Francisco, and put
on the Oriental market TO compete with
the products OF California. Oregon peo-
pie are shut out from chipping BY the
Canadian and North Pacific steamers,
for the reason that those lines are car
rying all the cargo that they can handle.
With Puget Sound shut out from them
Oregon millera had only one recourse
and that was TO ship by the Pacific Mail
and Occidental & Oriental lines.
What arrangement has been made
with the Pacific Company to transport
-four TO San Francisco Is q secret. A
special rate 1t 10 understood has been
given to Oregon manufacturers by local
China lines, which enables them TO
compete with California mills. The lat
ter naturally have the preference when
It comes to shipping for the reason that
they are the direct supporters Of the
Pacific Mail and Occidental & Oriental
lines, and also because they pay high
rate. To shut out Portland men to as
great an extent as possible nearly all
the -four space has been engaged on
steamers TO sail between this date and
May.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22
OREGONpS FLOUR
California Is Endeayoring to
Shut 1t Out
FROM THE ORIENTAL MARKET

Flour space ON Steamers for shs orient
Engaged by San francisco FIouring
Mills for the Next Two Month"; ere-
gon's Only Recourse. N#
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22

I,dSbok. lsfot "A In ~ oz
Al xil I6s P AZ dsarsIt
6ozs sRI1 .Si1cs kIs nzitnilS s. H
hex62I iaiEI - hsz hz6H. zS
~ coQFtk 0f e I.Hli64 s
~ y Esanss AEd g H91sf
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22

spRN0yIrLD, O., March Is. = Il is
stated gun has been invented here dis
charging 1000 shots per minute. II is
operated by electricity. and Is eight feet
long. The utmost secrecy as 10 the in
ventor OF II 10 maintained.
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22

Leaves Arlington every morning Sunday ex.
centedl at o'clock, f. dne at Condor at . p ~,
and arrives at Fosaii att y, n.
comfortable eoaches and careful, experienced
Condon globe. (Condon, Gilliam Co., Or.) 189?-1919, 1895-03-22

DUfpTH, ATinn. March ii DstecAixs
arrested ! man toasy Rho y said to 81
one The clssefest fSfgefs il tbs essi.is
try. Hts name il yarioudly giysa 81
Arth6r ri Hndsbn ]. s. Dodge EFegI
irk M Raymond and AFilliani ! !. ,Adeislz
Hheahan 4 bpe Rtion's ara balkf IS Ka5e
e8telidea ifonl IN ashing ton, A q. IA Isafa
ciEco Rnd he hasvisifsd 81. Jossph. E 3.
tenwpffh, Kan. WilWaukes &i|'
othef laeesin hissceresr. 8
Scranton Wochenblatt. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1865-1918, 1895-02-22
(Ginaslanbt.)

Seit sinissr Seit tpurben anonpme
8riefe an beutite 8lrser bieier Staot
aeianbt, tporin Der Gbarafter zines bS
jest unbsidoItsnen WanneS ansesrif fen
tpiro; au6 Sdreiber bleies bat einen
Iolden srbaIten. Dieie 8riefs iinb se'
orutt, gnfansss 8udfubsn seseben 10
oeutIi9, baB man tpeiB, per 8emslnt 1T.
Dsnn abisnber bieier 8riefe benft.
baB feline slusaben ri&tis iino, bann
iolte er fis on ri6tiser Steae sur Inter-
iu6uns porbrinsen, tpOsu er. iple befannt.
9sIssenbeit bat. Bas er iebt tbut. II
uertpsriIi6 uno unssiesli6s itrafbar
lpenn beipleisn. tper es setban; es II
feia, pie Elm S6ub aus oem Sinterbalt
ben Gbarufter zines 4nbern su untersra
ben. obne ben Mutb su baben, ielbf Dor
Sutreten.
DesbaIb beraus nit ber Sarbe. gln
fanesbu6faben tperben nidt an8enom
men; tpenn 8srbreiter Der 8riefe in lei
mem Rs6te 1T. ioate er niht 10 unwdrol
uno unseieBlih oerfabren, fonoern offe
be,portreten. DieB sur Aniiport al
oas mir suseianbte 9eorudte.
Dem Reoafteur bieies 8latteS 1T ei
laubt, ben Namen bes ginfenper8 pieis
auf 8erlunssn minolih su nennen,
nil aber ni4t DffentIl4 parabIren.