davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-03-12

SVENSKA AMERIKANSKA POSTEN
is by all odds the greatest Swed-
ish American newspaperin Amer
lea. No Swedish reading family
can afford to be without it.
Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931, 1895-03-12

THE MORNING CALL OF St. Paul
is now ranking high in the list OF
the twin city dailies. We do not
agree with tho politico-economic
views of it's editor, but confess
that it's news columns and gener-
al get up bears evidence Of the
highest talents of journalism in
it's management.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
SMALLTALK

Minor Matters Of Interest Briefly and
Pithny Told.
Opening day OF the great State
Fai-.
Saturday was The Iveliest day o.
The sumner II Wheeling.
The rains last week cooled the al
uosphere, and II was very pleasant yes
te-day-
The Council Committee OF Equal
izauo1 and Appeals is called 70 meet
this evening.
The Board OF County Commission
ers meets this morning II regular
monthly session
Wheeling vs. Warren. third game
Of the championship series, a. the Isl
and Park This afternoon.
The ". < L Z. excursion 0.
Knights Templzr 10 The Boston Trien-
nal VIII return tomorrow.
John Webster Lau-ler, 14-year-
old boy wlo ran away from his hons
q Petersburg, was placed under aTres'
las night
The new Panhandle station az the
foot OF Eleventh street IS completed
with the exception OF the work upon
the interior.
Sadie. q young daughter Of NJ. and
Mrs David GoOdfriend. died yesterday
afternoon The funeral viii take place
this afternoon.
The funeral OF Robert Silvey will
take place tO-morrOw afternoon az four
O'Clock. The interment viii be IN The
Peninsula cemeJery-
The tickets for Pains spectacular
display OF fireworks. booked for Mozart
PARK -o-morrow night 20 on sale a.
Houses music store today.
Buffalo Bill took q great many dol
lars from Wheeling. The show drew
bigger crowds than any attraction
which has ever exhibited here.
Captain Bennett has detailed the
following named officers Tor the KreigeT
Terein parade this morning: Ritz
Walker, Knabe. Michaels, Kemple, De-
viuney. Mason and Dudley.
The men and women who were ar
rested al the State pull OF Clara Moss
house OF III fame. Saturday night. FUR
uished bond late Sunday morning and
we're release from custody.
Citizens would do well 70 lock their
doors al night. and keep a close watch
upon their purses this week. The ad-
vance guard Of the crowd Of strangers
who come 10 the Fair arrived yester-
day.
Before their play-off for the cham
pionship Of the Musee League, the
Brownies and Nameless teams agreed
20 pool the first and second prize money
amounting 70 $50, and spend ii for a
banquet On account Of the difficulty
in arranging a date 10 suit the con
venience Of all. the banquet idea has
been abandoned. and the money has
been divided pro rata among the play
ers.
The special attraction Of cattle men
is the McCune herd Of Short Horns
from Muskingum county, Ohio. Il con-
tains thirteen head, one a pure Scotch
bull weighing $500 pounds. and anoth-
er that cost 81 900. People should not
fail 70 see them.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
A CHEEKY LITTLE LAME.

The Rev. Dr.. Meredith, well-knowr
clergyman. tries to cultivate friendly
relations with the younger members Of
his flock. In a recent talk TO his Sunday
school he urged the children TO speak
10 him whenever they met.
The next day a dirty faced urchin
smoking a cigatette and having gen
orally disreputable appearance, accosted
him IN the street with:
"HullO. Doctor"
The clergyman stopped and cordially
inquired:
And who are you, sir?"
I'm one Of your little lambs" replied
the boy. affably. Fine day"
And, fitting his hat on his head, he
staggered off, leaving the worthy di-
vine SPECIFICS with amazement-Pear
sons Weekly.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

American bime-alists who have set
great store by Nr Balf0ur and The new
English ministry. 20 whom they looked
as the maius-ay of international biz
mstaIHsm in the present crisis, are
doomed 20 serious disappointment
IL is wen known That personally ar
Balfour is ardently in favor OF in-erna-
tional bimeauism. The fnanciers Of
both the old world and the new still re-
member his emphatic views expressed
i'm April last At that time he freely
rIliculed the present currency OF the
British Empire. He said that it was
gold in London. silver i'm India, and in
Hong Kong neither gold nor silver; that
such a condition could not continue
and that the hope of the world. as Of
England. Day in am immediate inierua-
tional agreement He was confident
that the civilized world would agree
To- international b.me,allism if England
would only "urge il upon the other ma
tons," and be firmly asserted that his
Influence would De .n that direction.
Ardeur'y sangu.ne as were these
prospects. they were nevertheless far
10 advance of anything like practical
results. The new English ministry
was formed; Balfour was made First
Lord o. the Treasury; the elections fol-
lowed with their decisive results. To
the keen witted Balfour's subordinate
Treasury appointment should have
been singularly significant; the Chan
eellorship Of the ExcheQuer fell to an
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

o-1er ua1--o o-e Who had l-rrle syn
pz-Ey Tl-l -. BzltEr's financial IDEAS.
Furthermore, IL reply 70 z recent II
g1iry 20 -hs House O. Commons Ar-
8zlfo-r -salr1et his confidence IN b.
-e-a--z- liz a1-=1 rnz- al-Aorgh ~
believed strongly IN International b.
-e-z-1 gel be could 1o- pledge
-l= support % --s ministry 20 such 2
policy
T1E r5-,t SEEN 70 i1zirz-s -1z- ths
question has ben discussed 1y The
salisbury government. and that b-1e--
z--s- has been rejected There j.. n
-=s1. 10 o-1er reasonable conclusion a.
rL-c1 one nay arrive
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
BILL FIGHTS STOPPED.

Bayonne. France September IL he
police invaded q bull ring. where q light
was il progress to-day. and stopped me
first OF q series Of intended fights, and
conducted the celebrated Tororo MAJ
zantini 10 the Spanish frontier. The
populace Of The Town hooJed the police
and the municipal officers. Senators
and deputies Of the Town vainly pleaded
for permission for the fights 70 Occur.
The municipal authorities thereupon
met and decided 70 resign, which de-
cision caused the Inhabitants 70 oner
them Z great ovation.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
coEEEE macaINEs-EnNe saos.
SEDAN DAY
In Berlin Win be Generally Celebrated
Socialists scheme Pals Pat

, In Berlin wiz be Generally Celebrated.
Socialists scheme Pals Pat
Berlin, September lit Is evident
that the German nation. especially the
Berliaers. intend 20 celebrate the ami
TersaTy OF the battle OF Sedan Il g
! peaceful but determined manner. The
task OF decorating the city for rO-mor-
rows fetss is not ye- finished, but
enough has been done 10 justify The
| prophecy that the capital t0-uOrrOB
vii present such . spectacle IS 1zs
been seldom seen
The newspapers all contain re1ec-
lions upon The occasion and agree that
Il is z demonstration 70 the honor Oh
united Germany and not 2 Manifesto
ton OF satisfaction al The defeat OF me
French. All party squabbles are -aid
aside for the tine being EYen me
ultramonLanes, The Guelphs and ne
/ Poles avoid unpleasant remarks I1e
/ Catholic ecclesiastical authorities o.
Prussia have actually ordered thai @
solemn Te Deum be sung II me
churches IN honor Of the day ms
has never been done before
The jarring tones Of the SOCIALISTS
who we're attempting cemons-Ta-lo--
Of disapproyal OF the celebration, ma
little echo among the people L seems
that the projected Socialist anJi-denon-
STATIONS have been abandoned
The Aili-ar Wochenbla-- publishes
new historical documents II connection
with he fall Of Sedan, ne mos inter
es-.-g being exrrac-s from Tie o-zry O.
Dr. Scheilend0-f
Il thanking -he Gsrman-Ame-ical
veterans for their v-s.- on Fr-dsy-
Prince Bismarck, referring 70 his la-l-
ing health. said. 7 can Sill look o.
buI I cannot take part Otherwise
should have visited the exhibition a.
Chicago. I should dearly have liked 20
have seen -he United States OF America
which o. all countries Is The most syn
pathetic 70 Us"
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
PAINS BIG SPECTACULAR AT
MOZART PARK.

MOZART PARK.
The interest taken in Pains big spec
tacular fireworks display at Mozart
Park tomorrow evening insures the
success Of the company's first visit.
The fame Of Pains grand displays a.
the Worlds Fair and Manhattan Beach
has preceded him, and Wheeling 5
citizens are congratulating themselves
thar they are 50 fortunate as 10 get an
opportunity TO see the same display al
home. The company will arrive here
from Harrisburg. Pa. this morning,
and will get things in shape at once.
They only give an exhibition every
other day.
The dancing and concert music viii
be made Q feature Of the night. this
portion Of the programme begins az
six o'clock and continues until mid
night. The display viii commence at
half-past eight. To prevent the rush
AZ the incline. both admission and re-
served seat tickets can be had al
Houses music store to-day and tO-mOr-
row. Extra street cars viii be run all
evening. 70 carry home patrons
from Bellaire. Bridgeport. Martins
erry. BenwoOd and North Wheeling
after midnight.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
WE'LL POWDERED.

He'd been waltzing with his hosts
daughter. and was in the corner repair
ing damages. Here he was espied by
his would-be papa-in-law.
She's the flower Of my family, sir, -
said the latter.
so il seems" answered the young
man. pity she comes off so, amt it?''
ha continued. as he essayed another Wig
orous rub az the white spots on his coat
sleeve.-Erie Messenger.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
EXPERT THIEVES.

when I was in India, said the man
who had travelled. the native thieves
stole the sheets from under me while I
slept and I never knew il.
yes. and when l was in the North
west during the boom" said the man
who will never admit that America can
be outdone. Il had 10 sleep in a room
where there were four real estate
agents, and one of them stole a porous
plaster from my back without awaken
ing e."-IndianaDolis Journal
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
DIED.

STLvEY-RoBERr II. SHvEv. al his resi-
daure. 2202 Chapnne street. SATURDAY Al
gust 81. 1895. 80 .. Do.
Funeral from his late residence Tuesday
afternoon al Z o'clock. Friends OF The
family are respectfully invited 70 attend.
Interment at Peninsula cemetery.
GOODFRIEND-On sunday. afternoon.
Seuteuber l. ls5. az so O'Clock. sadie.
daughter Of David and Jennie Goodfriend.
Funeral from the residence Of her pa
rents. No. 1914 Market street, this CMon-
day) afternoon al o'clock. Interment al
Mt. Wood cemetery.
BURSEE-At Benwood. W Va, S-eeptem
Der 1st.. 1885. at 500 p. ~, Henry Bursee,
aged SO.
Funeral notice hereafter.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
WATCH PRESENTATION.

On Saturday evening Mr.. Frank H.
Grafton. Of the Wheeling Currugating
Company. was made the recipient Of a
beautiful gold watch. presented by his
employers and fellow labOrers as a
token Of their kind regards and best
wishes. Mr.. Grafton resigns 10 take
up the study of mechanics at the Pratt
Institute, OF Brooklyn.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
PRINcEss &c - BOYs.

Naples. September The court
which has been hearing The controversy
between Prince C0lonna and his wife.
who IS The daughter Of Mr.. John W
Mackay. has ordered that the sons be
given 10 the Princess, and that II necss-
sary force IS 20 be used. The Princess
received The boys yesterday and Il Is
doubtful II the Prince, who recently
had possession Of them, viii ever have
Them again
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

Chairman Earrity s. back from Eu-
rope AID expresses --e opinion thar 3-r-
Harrison is -1e strongest candidate The
Repal cals can nominate. Coming
from --e nominal Democratic leader.
this ought 10 help Reed. Mckinley and
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
~ s "TRANOrIL" sTATE.

Colon. Columbia, September 1-Au-
thentic information Is received here that
General Alforas' troops have taken
Quito. General Serast.. who led the
government forces. fed 10 the American
legation and Salazar fed 70 the Peru
Wan legation. President Caro- gives
public assurance that Columbia is in a
TRANQUIL state and late reports OF an up
rising are denied.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

49,. -..-------.-----. -,
---.---
all '-----
-,-
- $50 800. ~ ..-.
---- $50
---- $1,000 - 80, -.
-----. 1919.
-
- -7- ~ -==-------=
Tbs, 80 Tar as i refers
90 OF "-s-- "a me r.
produce exchanges ID me
a DIT 9n-n F
ii- -=l---s 0l, -5- I
---- 'Y ol- OF every lyy
ACTS carr! 10
~ carry no p''-l--
-- q -1-l ----i7l is 1o- al
- .-- % ever! -.' o. -1ss7
~ "4-- c9-'-es' ne is psooao-y
--= D--' 0- --5 ,---4-s' u ne means
----- ,- 90 Jul u ever. -yJ Oh --s77 -oI-
- .as- me "-sa- SOFA IS ao-
-7--' -' ~ is H---a mistaken or else
--7 ~. mastered me c-e-f--s--ols7
~ -- o-7--@7s No.--.
-- W s---e az -ilc- 10 ---s lot
'-. ~ cam --4- l17 business
e-- " --7 -'5" i''A oa--As was 20 per
.
-.--r-- --..-
- -- --- --- -- D--t aD1--
g. 600 900 fr 4r---e7 -rr-zv sa--1a= 21lo-
-
..-.--y worm % business between them
r--.-
. ----
Brr ---rel-r- SAWS aTf a soils : on0
1us---s oL september wheat 10 b. and b
Ike quantity 10 c, and the latter 70
D. to-day and il A receives an order
90 buy 1000 bushels OF September wheat
---er N The day. and buys il on D, he
"oi-l possess CURIOUS bent Oh mind
-l-7-1 VINO "o1-1 see only gam
Ding transaction ID me ringing out
OF clearing OF ms ring OF trades by pay
A-A- OF l-Ie--lces- A has, or IS sup
+, ~-7 ~ s--' --- 95p-
TEMPER "Aea- 70 tender d when Sep
,-AO=f arrives. when would enable 3
10 denver --e "-ea- 20 u and '1e latter
20 D bl- rs ID has become responsible
20 4 ior 1900 bushels OF September
"leat which IN essence a viii have %
actual deurery-i. g. movement Of
actual whea--.s obv.ated. YET as ?
. ma-er of fact. The wheat is delivered 70
The extent OF The utI.zsro, of ware
. bous. certificate 8, the -a--lana,. ~ ~,
sa-.e. ~ --s5ssr p-s5g--..-,. ,47-.
The stumbling block 81 NAM students ~,
,es s-eie.i seems 10 y he difficulty Of
anything la -ae. way Of tarm products IN
Her- here --'.. sa5 BE- ssEgi why H. g' si.
,-ap'e- corner Of ta= wheat mark market az
T -- ri ...-- -.. 10 r-..- &C.,, ID.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
4beelin9 Register
EESIYIRGITII P2ETIEG C0yP!ET.
PU1LIsHEHs A5D PR0PR1ET0Ra

re REGISTER. s--ra-,1E is several
s1-o-s .s entered a. the P-s-1t-cs 10
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

Governor Tllman, of South Carolina,
being asked for his judgment on the
excise Jaw wh.ch is being vigorously
enforced in New York except against
The clubs. predicts that such a condi-
ton Of affairs cannot last-that after
the spasm Of virtue the saloons will
resume sway and run the city again.
TilIman ought 10 know He had the
whole liquor business Of the State Of
south Carolina in his hands once, and
he discovered that even the sovereign
powers Of State were insufficient
when not backed by public sentiment
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

Our store VII be open during evenings
OF Fair Week until o'clock. 7. city y
60. dealers in Pine v ines and Liquors.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

/ PRESENT 10 Every SCHOLAR
l-rz Tir
SCHOOL 60 BOOKS
From
SCHOLARS COMPANION Oh PENCIL BIZ
#-COPY BOOK~-
A Handsome Blorter--oucrl. N...
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02
WANTED

TVANTElD-Ps--oas within FRI 70 st 2
2251 Marse- street. eulv-All
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1895-09-02

VTANTED-To buy stock % general uer-
w chaali~e or dry goods. etc. Boz good
town, $1,000 stOck Box .. Newoure. w..
Ia tu1.rl
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1895-04-01

raguan and the third a jurist, mot
citizen of an American state" Naturally
enough this government construed this
clause as an exclusion of citizen of the
United States and as constituting an
affront to this government. Lord KIM
berly, however, has denied that this
meaning was intended, and explained
that American state" meant simply
South or Central American srate, and
that it was not intended to exclude
citizen Of the United States. Perhaps
this explanation is au after thought,
but, as it has been offered officially, it
shows that England is quite ready to
back down even if originally the phrase
was intended to mean what Secretary
Gresham construed it as meaning.
Whether then LORD Kim brly's statement
is really to be regarded as an apology or
truthful denial of the existence of any
intent to affront the United States,
makes little difference. In either case
there seems to be nothing for the Unit
ed States to do but to accept it as sat
isfactory
But while this question is disposed ggof
by Lord Kimberly's statement, the ques-
tion of highlands intention in regard to
the Mosquito reservation still remains,
and it is the most important question.
And on this subject England IS non
commitIal Nicaragua has inquired
about 1t, but the reply she has received
is that England will not discuss it pre-
vious to the settlement of the damages
claimed in behalf of her consul and 9th
er British citizens. After that she will
discuss the.question in friendly. spirit,
but not before. 1t is evident, therefore,
that the United States is going to learn
little about England's intentions on
this point until Nicaragua has settled
the Indemnity question. But the spirit
of Lord Kim herIy's explanation of the
Objectionable phrase Citizen OF any
American slater indicates that England
is inclined to be conciliatory to the
United States, and is therefore not like
ly to take any position relative to the
Mosquito Reservation that will be often
sive to this country.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1895-04-01

RI'LAND DAILY PRESS
MNgNt sTATE PRESS.
Subscription Rates.

Nf'fpehfAt k)tAoG AttNbcHs
& "a y TN udyance) SO per year; So for six
nths; S1.5o quarter; so cents month.
lie DAILY is delivered every morning by
q ulel anywhere within the city limits and at
soodfords without extra charge.
DAILY (Not in advance). invariably at the
R|te of$7 year.
MAINE STATE PRESS, CWeekly) published
every Thursday, So per year; 81 for six months;
so cents a quarter; 20 cents for trial subscrip-
lion of six weeks.
Persons wishing to leave town for long or
hort periods may have the address OF their
aper changed as often as desired.
Advertising Rates.
IN DAILY PRESS S1.5o per square, first
week, rs cents per week after. Three inser-
tons or less, $1.O0 per square. Every other
day advertisements, one third less than these
rates.
Half square advertisements $1O0 per week
first week; half price each succeeding week,
ga Souaren is a space OF the width of col
ann and one inch long.
Special Notices, on first page. one third adj
iitional.
Inducements and Auction Sales, $500 per
quare each week. Three insertions OF less,
5Oper square,
eddinG Notices in nonpareIl type and
ssed with other paid notices. 20 cents per
leach insertion.
ure Reading Notices in reading matter type
cents per line each insertion.
ANTS. 10 Let, For Sale and similar adver-
ITS. rs cents per week, in advance, for 40
rds or less, no display. Displayed adyer-
ements under these headlines, and all adver-
rx,sn fln0 hn rrrn6
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1895-04-01

There seems to be reason for believing
that the Supreme court has come to a
decision in regard to the CONSTITUTIONAL
ity of thesincome tax law, and that an
opinion Willie delivered very soon. pos
Silly today. The belief in Washington
is that there is difference of opinion
among the judges: but on which side
the majority is seems to be entirely I'M
known. 1t is said to be probable that
some sections of the law will be upheld
and others pronounced unconstitution-
al. These rumors may all be baseless,
but probably there is something in
them. If a vital part of the law should
be declared unconstitutional, an extra
session of Congress might be necessary
to provide ways aud means for the sup
port of the government, for the last Con-
gress made no proyision,for the contin-
gency of the failure of this tax on in
comes; though Mr.. Reed 4 urged
il TO do so and introduced bill author
izing the treasury to sell short bonds to
the people to raise money for current ex-
penses. Had this bill passed, as it
would, had the administration not been
more eager to play politics than to pro-
vide for the support of the government,
all possible danger of az extra session of
Congress would have been averted, no
matter what the fate OF, the income tax.
An extra session Of Congress at this
time would be a public calamity. Not
only would il entail great expendi-
ure, but worse than that it would dis
turb the business world and postpone
the business revival which seems to have
begun. Whar the country needs now
more than anything else is rest. A good
many Of the. problems chap are now agi-
tating the people will settle themselves
with the revival Of business and the re-
turn of prosperity.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1895-04-01
THE NICARAGUA CONTROVERSY.

The trouble between this country and
England relative TO Nicaragua primarily
grows out of the demand Of England up
on the Central American state for in
demnity for indignities offered Pro con-
sul Hatch and other British subjects
during the recent 4trou bles in the Mos
quito Reservation. In suggesting a
commission to assess the damages, Eng
land proposed that one member of it
should. be an Englishman, one a Mica
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1895-04-01

FREEMAN PRATT late of Portland
in the County of Cumberland. deceased and has
taken upon himself that trust as the law directs
and have appointed E. Dudley Freeman OF
Portland, Me-, Agent or Attorney within the
upon the estate of said deceased, are required
to exhibit the same; and all persons indebted
to said estate are called upon to make pay
ment to
- EDWINJ PRATT, New York, Executor.
or to +. DUDLEY FREEMAN, Portland, Me-,
6 Agent or Attorney within the State of Maine.
Portland March 25. 1895. mar25d1aw3wM*
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1895-04-01

various denominations. A fter his return,
he gave months of special attention to
the subject that the discussion might
have a more permanent value than that
of simple report of things seen upon the
field; hoping that in some way his vol
ume might serve as text book for those
who wish to look into the science of mis-
sions. His chapter upon China, Corea
and Japan is one of great interest at the
present time. Dr.. Lawrence was an i'm
partial, keen observer, and he gives a
clear and comprehensive estimate of these
countries. This volume is entitled to
warm welcome from the friends of mis-
sions. New York: Harper &c Broth
ets.)
The Princess Aline. By Richard Hard
ing Davis, author of The West from
Car Window, Our English Cousins, etc.
The Princess Aline, during it's recent
pu blication as a serial in Harper's Mag
azine, has been making very favorable
impression. 1t is the longest work of
fiction that Mr.. Davis has undertaken,
and his many admirers will find il
very interesting and delightful story.
The book is very appropriately illustrat-
ed by G. D.Gihson and is tastefully
bound in blue. (Naw York: Harper &
Brothers.)