The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-10-16
DIAMOND DIGGINGS.
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST THEFT IN
SOUTH AFRICAN MINES.

berley-POpuaation Has Flown to the
Gold Fields About Johannesburg.
''The South African diamond mines
are worked almost entirely by native
laborers-the Kaffirs, Zulus, Hottentots
and the rest" said diamond merchant.
"These receive good wages, about $125
per month, and are hired for term of
three months During this period they
are confined in compounds located on
the edge Of the mines. The compounds
consist of rows of buildings of corrugated
iron, forming hollow square, surround
ed by high board fence and covering
several acres of ground. Within this cor
raj are stores, a hospital, boarding houses
and other conveniences. Wood and wa
ter are furnished free, but no alcoholic
liquors are allowed. During their term
of service the natives are not allowed to
have any communication with the out
side world and are under a system Of
close personal surveillance in order to
prevent the theft of diamonds. When
they come up from the mine shaft, they
are carefully searched, and many in
genious methods are adopted to reduce
the loss from this source to minimum.
Notwithstanding all that is done,
however, the theft of diamonds still
continues. It is estimated that from 10
to 20 per cent of the diamonds found
are stolen every year. In order to pre-
vent this very stringent law was pass
ed, providing that all rough diamonds
should be registered with the detective
bureau of the government as soon as
they were found, aud that every man
who sold a diamond must give with it
a certificate Of registry.
''The penalty for having an unregis-
tered rough diamond is seven years on
the Cape Town breakwater, and the
mere fact of possession is prima facie
evidence and will secure conviction. So
it happens that if one laborer wants to
do up another he manages to slip
rough diamond into the other laborer's
coat, Or into his room, and then tells
the police to keep sharp lookout. Of
course the police make search, the
contraband stone is found, and the man
many unjust sentences have unquestion-
ably been secured in this way, but de-
spite the opposition to the law the COM
pany is powerful enough to keep it in
force.
''There are other diamond fields out
side Of the Kimberley district, but they
are difficult to work and are mainly ex-
plotted by diggers working on their own
account. The total product is not large,
and the work is very arduous, the dig
gers being mostly men who have been
thrown out Of work by the consolidation
of the Kimberley mines into one vast
corporation and the subsequent restric-
ton Of production. This latter, by the
way, has had curious effect upon the
town of Kimberley itself. AS late as
four years ago Kimberley had popula-
tion Of %, 900 or 10000 people, It was
laid out for great city and enjoyed for
a time big boom.
"Fine brick blocks and residences
were built, hotels and theaters and wa
terworks and everything pertaining to
a modern city. Now a good third Of
these places are empty, and Kimberley is
as dead as New England town that is
dependent upon a single mill All the
supplies and machinery for the mines
are now bought of course by single
company, SO that more than two-thirds
of the business Of the town is gone.
MI IL