The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-12-27
WINTER PRECAUTIONS.
Timely Advice and Suggestions to Pr
gressive Dairymen.

Timely Advice and Suggestions to Pro-
gressive Dairymen.
In the production of milk, whether
for market, for home consumption or
for butter, it is of the first importance
that it be produced from healthy stock
fed on wholesome feed and pure drink,
and in healthy surroundings. If at any
time any COW should show evidence Of
disease she should be separated from
the herd at once. Further, that the
utmost cleanliness be observed in the
care of the cows, of the stables and the
impediate surroundings, and especial
ly that the milking be done and the
milk handled prior to bottling or ship
ping so as to prevent, as far as possible,
any foreign substance from being in
troduced therein. says the secretary of
the New Jersey board of agriculture in
his address to dairymen. Be careful
also as to leaving milk In open vessels
exposed TO foul air Of any sort, as it is
quick absorbent of bad odors and dis
ease germs. Otherwise it may become
the means of spreading contagious dis
eases. Further, all persons who have
the care of cows or of the milking YES
sells and who do milking should be free
from consumption and other conta-
gious diseases, as such diseases have
been communicated to others through
milk thus handled.
AS to the stock: If you raise your
own dairy, breed from healthy parents.
If you purchase stock, have them care
fully examined by a competent veterin-
arian, and especially as to the condi-
ton Of the udders. Stables should be
so constructed as to be light. Many
stables are deprived of the needed light
and sunshine. Both are germ-destroy-
ers. A southern exposure, if possible,
with cows on the sunny side, with
plenty of windows mot holes in the
sides with a shutter); provide these
with inside shutter or curtain OF some
coarse material to prevent cold at night.
Ventilation must be sufficient to supply
= necessary quantity Of fresh air all
the time, but avoid draughts. No ami
NAL should be fastened in stall under
constant current of air, but it is not
necessary to freeze an animal in poor
stable In order to have fresh air. Give
the cows room; not necessarily wide
stall, but room back, front and over
head. Liberality In the use of lumber in
dairy stable construction will pay
large profit in the health of the dairy,
other things being supplied. 8 t@at
Stables should be cleaned regularly
every day. "A light sprinkling of gyp-
sum Gland plaster) in the cutters aft
er cleaning will assist In absorbing the
foul odors and aid In preserving the
valuable plant food in the manure.
Feeds, fodder and drink should be
given regularly and be of such char
acter as not only to contribute to
profitable yield Of milk, but also to the
health and contentment Of the animal.
'A.'N ~sA~P
The sore on the heifer's teat should
be treated at once. Such sore has
often made kicking COW. ~
How to .Fatten Turkeys.
Turkeys will not fatten if confined in
close coops, as they pine If deprived Of
liberty, but if several turkeys are con-
fined together in q small yard for. ten
days they can be made quite fat in that
length Of time. Feed three times day
as much as they will eat, giving corn
meal, ground oats, middlings and
ground meal, equal parts by weight,
scalded, morning and noon. and wheat
and corn at night. Keep head Of cab
bage in the yard, also sharp gravel,
ground charcoal and fresh water. A
few turkeys can be fed with chickens,
II preferred. It Is not necessary to
forca them to eat.