The Coalville times. [volume] (Coalville, Utah) 1894-1923, 1895-06-14


rule. II the surface soil Is frequently /
stirred so that II is kept light and |
open, the evaporation OF water VIII be |
greatly decreased. After rain tho |
general course OF the water In the soil |
is downward. impcllcd both by gravity
and capillary attraction. As soon as
the rain ceases and evaporation from
the surface begins an upward move
mcut commences. the water passing
from a moist particle to the drier one
above that has given of part OF It's
moisture. This Is due TO the adhesion
OF the water to the soil particles and
the tendency TO establish an oquillb-
rum. When the soil has been pud-
died by rains Ii Is closely packed to-
gether and the sides Of the soil parti-
Giles are In close contact. To certain
oxtent this is desirable In the under
soil. as II aids the capillary action Of
the particle In bringing the water up
from below toward the surface. where
Il will be available for the plants. To
be OF value 10 the plants. however, II
must be held there and prevented from
cooperating II Is In part because
the stirring Of the surface looscns II
and by Increasing the size OF the spaces
between the particles Of the soil Lessons
the rupidity with which capillary at
traction can lie the water 20 the very
surface that cultivation has such
wonderful effect upon the growth Of
plants
II Is Ia wcll-known fact that cvaporn-
ton 10 most rapid and the most water
Is given on from clay coil where the
/ surface has been allowed TO bakc-that
] ~
/ brought the surfaces OF the particles
very closely together. no that "a capll-
/ larry attraction ~ very rapid the water
10 carried 10 the surface and ovnporat-
| cd faster than II can be brought mp
from below. Even II a sandy loan
soil ~ untitled the amount OF water
given on Is ono-half greater than
from another OF n similar nature
where the surface OF the soil 10 kept
loose. The portion OF the soil that i1
looaono1 may be the drier for II, and
FOR this reason q soil that IN too wet
may be aided In giving on It's surplus
water by deep tillago, but In n prop
orly drained soil II IN better to allow
the water 60 sink down 10 the level Of
the ground water than to aid In throw
ing Il on into the air, where II VIII be
lost to the crop.
Besides the injury that will be done
by deep tillago In cutting OF the roots
OF plants the water that " given on
from the stirred soil would prove OF
considerable benefit TO the crop In n
dry season. Aside from It's value In
destroying weeds and preventing the
evaporation from the surface, cultlya-
tlon by keeping the soil loose and pre-
venting n crust from forming aids In
neratlng and In developing plant food
In the soil.
For garden crops II IN well TO have
some tool that can be run over the
surface few days after the seed N
sown and before the plants are mp
This will not only break the crust aud
prevent evaporation. but II will de-
stroy the young weeds aud save hand
wedding. a little later II should b,
done again. The common steel rake
> was formerly used for this purpose
but we have found the improved BrCet
weeder to do about aa good work and II
, covers n strip eight feet wide. II 4
Is started before n crust forms and Il
used once week II will keep th'
ground In perfect condition without In
Jury 10 the plants. For orchards
after they have been brought into goo,
condition In the spring. they do goo
work. For heavy soils. especially I
they have been allowed TO bake. som'
OF the smoothing harrowa may ~
! preferable, but after the FIRST dragginl
, In the spring II Is best to keep tn
deep working tools out Of the orchard
The effect OF frequent shallow cult
, walton IL not only 10 enable the tree
TO make a good growth and perfec
, their crop. but II viii generally insur
/, the development OF fruit buds for tn
next years crop. while. on the othe
, hand. the trees without cultivation ar
In n weak condition aud the crop o
fruit will be small and imperfect
II IN claimed by some persons tina
! cultivation late In the season cause
I late growth and that the trees mr.
likely 10 be winter killed. but this sci
dom results II the cultivation has beol
continuous. when from press OF worl
or other cause no cultivation In give
during the month OF July the tree
n suifer from lack OF water. growth stop
, and the wood and buds rlpon up 10
4 winter. II after this has taken plnc
i thesolll In again stirred second growtl
is likely 20 occur and winter KILN
will be almost certain TO follow. Tn
operation OF rolling is thought by som
to be OF benefit by preventing the eynp
u, Grafton OF water from the surface, bu
I, II anything II has the opposite effeci
= Upon light soils rolling IL OF value {
Increase the capillary passage OF th
, water from the under soil into th
" portion that was turned by the plo'
by bringing the particles closer IN con
Z tact. This will increase the amour
that ~ available TO tho plants and 70
increasing the amount OF water In "a
very surface soil Il is OF especial valu
y 10 aid the termination OF seeds.
y The opposite effect II often see
0 when a soil that is quite dry is plowe
: for some crop In the midst OF
u drought. The capillary movement
greatly hindered and tho surface vol
Il will become 80 dry that the seeds wi
i terminate very slowly II at all, Will
had the land been rolled, or In the cas-
A OF wheat drilled In without plowinl
h more water would have been ayallabl
n and better termination would hay
been secured.
, While the nature OF the operation r.
i quired in the fitting OF the land and II
] NIL "a.