davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14
LADIES, DUCK SUITS.

All the New. Popular Styles are shown
here In solid White. Navy. Black and
White mixed: Tan and mingled effects.
They sold from SOS to fsas-the prico
this week, 81. 60 to AT5-ait sizes
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14
SERGE SUITS AND SEPARATE
SKIRD0

The. remainder OF this stock must be
closed out. You can come nearer buying
these Well-Made. Perfect-Fi,ting Car
before.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14
su,RT-wAIsT SETS.

a @aia rates. solid Black and White,
u, .s,-n. Sterling Silver walst-sets.
,.es,,iruI design. link style. reduced 70
"a. amer quality at 81. y. &c.. etc.
w. KAUFMAN & CO..
corner Fourth and and Broad streets
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14

CHiLDREN'S DUCK SUITS.
ATTRACTIVE PRICES ON chill
DREN'S WHITE AND COI.ORED DUCK
SUITS.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14
Kaufman & Go.
TOMORROW WE BEGIN THE THIRD WEEK OF
Our Great Midsummer Cut-PriCe Sale |!

The sale grows interesting to udcou and saving
purchasers each day THIS WEEK have MORE BARGAINS
for Won Everything goes GREAT REDUCTIONS everywhere
and in all departments unload surplus stock
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14

Specially attractive pr,ces nave UGH
,,ada ON our entire stock OF
T,,IprEN,s WHITE DRESSES,
IxrAyrs' SLIPS AND ROBES.
AND uNDERWEAh.
Wa carry the most complete variety to
Dc to I'm he sure TO ind Just what you
,,,sn, for the little one here.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14
silk Waists.

Those Beautiful Waists that
were marked SO, s.. IS, 20 now
at $1.0S.
Ladies Jackets and Blazers re-
duced greatly.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14

Mrs. Samuel Ulman and family are
at Virginia Beach.
DR.. John n. Upshur and family are at
Ocean View. r..
Mrs. John N. Upshur and family are
spending the summer at keswick.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14

Mrs. John p Yancey and family are at
their summer home, IN Aibemar.e county.
Mr. Samuel Young Is spending this
north In Boston.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14
Silks! Silksi

Beautiful Kai-Kai Wash Silks,
dainty stripes and other effects,
former price &c., they go now for
162sc. yard.
Exquisite Swivel Silks that sold
formerly tor so and 371sc. 90
now for 1896. yard.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14
PLANS FOR SUMNER.
yher. Many Richmond People Already
Ire OF Mil Soon Go.
ARE RUSHING FROM THE CITY.
rho Rich Seeking Pleasure ut the
Fashionable Resorts While the
Les. Fortunate Enjoy vacation In
che Country-PersonalP Points.

Richmond IL out OF season. FROM Nv n,
until the end OF August Vanity Far WI,
h. given over TO the house decorator ana
cleaner. and Will no longer DE '",'
by the fluttering OF the society o.''e'
ales. There has been an unusually 'a,se
eflux OF holiday seekers from .ne cry
mis- year with prospects that later on
Richmond viii become more deserted than
ever The summer resorts are reported 10
be rapidly filing. and 'he piospe,sa o. 49,
that the season will be an unusually gay
and brilliant one.
Tho following items tell Of the plans or
.-,o,,,s az a number OF Richmond
nson,e as well as about friends who are
visiting here:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14

Mrs. w. Chase Morton Is spending a
few weeks with relatives in Charleston,
w. Va, where her husband will join her,
and from there they expect to take a
trip through the North. visiting Saratoga,
Newport, Atlantic City. and other places
of interest.
The family OF Mr.. ID. V. Morton are
summering in Fluyanna.
Mrs. Morgan r. Mills will leave next
week for the Green Springs neighbor-
hood.
Mr.. p. II. Mayo and family left last
week for the White Sulphur.
Mrs. Dan. Mccarthy and children are
summerIng at her fathers, In Louisa
county.
Mrs. George A. Minor and children will
spend the month of August at Larch-
mont Manor in New York.
Miss Sallie May Is at the Rockbridge
Alum Springs.
Mr.. l.. O. Miller. who has been on a
pleasure-trip to Long Branch and other
watering places. returned last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Milton Marcuse returned
last week from Virginia Beach.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ike May VIII leave next
month for Boston.
Mr.. Oscar Myer left yesterday for vir-
ginia Beach to spend two weeks.
Mrs. Rebecca w. Mnter and Mrs John
]. Minter and children are visiting in
Lancaster.
Mrs. Emanuel Millhiser and family
are summering at the Allegheny Hotel.
at Goshen, and Mr.. Moses Millhiser will
leave Monday for the same place.
Mr.. David Mittledorfer and family win
leave in a few days for Virginia Beach.
Mr.. c. w. Muhley will next month visit
Ocean Grove and Asbury Park.
Mr. c. Scott McRae and family will In
a few days leave for New York by the
Ola Dominion Steamship Line.
Mrs. w. W. Meyers and Misses Kate
and Lizzie Meyers will leave Monday for
Norfolk.
Mr.. Fred. Mehlbrech and wife sailed
last week for Europe. They viii return
In September.
Mrs. Eleanora Moesta will leave soon
10 visit her father, in Baltimore county.
Mr. Charles Mltteldorfer is summering
at Ashland.
Mr.. Memo Mitteldorfer will spend the
summer on the Brook road.
Mrs. Ellis Mitteldorfer and daughter
viii leave this week for Virginia Beach.
Miss Lucy Morley will leave this week
for Waynesboro'.
Mrs. Landon II. Mason and family are
summering In Fauquier county. Rev
MIR Mason will be with them In August.
MIR. Alex. Meyer and wife are summer
ing at Atlantic City.
Mrs. John X Mason and family vii
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14

Mr. r. c. Woody is at Mediums for the
summer. c,s
sioner. will be, IN Baltimore this week.
Mr. Carl Wlpperman and family. who
are soiournlng in Germany, VIII return
the last OF September. ,,,
Mrs Samuel Il. witt and family will
spend the month Of August in Fauquier
county.
Mr.. W. p. Wills will leave soon Tor
Nelson county 10 visit relatives.
Mrs. Leon Wallerstein and children are
summering in the Catskills.
Mr.. Philip Whltlock and family left last
week for Hot Springs. Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. Barton Wise are summer
ing at Ashland.
Mrs. Juliet Wills is spending several
weeks at Mr.. A. q. Gresham's. In King
and Queen county.
Mrs A. c. Workman returned home yes
terday from Ocean View and virginia
Beach.
Mr.. Arthur Wiley will 40 to New York
about the fst OF August to live.
DIR. Francis T.. Willis is at Mountain
TOP.
Mrs. John l.. Wingo and family are at
Crozet. 49,,
Mrs. Henry NJ. Workman will leave this
week for the Catskill mountains.
Mr. and Mrs. T. w. Wood are in Eng
land for the summer.
Mrs A. w. Weddell and Misses Maggie
and Pencle Weddell are at the University
OF Virginia
Mr. and Mrs. Henry w. Wood are sum-
mering In Toronto, Can.
Mrs Walters and Miss Mary Walters
left Thursday to spend the summer near
stanton.
Miss Emmie Wherry Is visiting Miss
lula Hubbard. In Salem, Va
Misses Mary and Lucy Walters left
Yesterday for stanton. to be the guests
of Colonel Edmunds's family.
Mrs. James Welch IL at the Rock Alum.
and in August she VIII visit the White
Sulphur
Mrs. c. c. Walker is spending two weeks
at Old Point.
Mrs. &. T. williams. Mrs. Buck. and
Miss Mary Williams will leave THIS week
for the springs near Portland. Me
Mrs. Charles T.. Wingo and family are
LA Courthouse.
Miss Jamie wingo Is with friends at
Virginia Beach.
Mr. Garter WesIger and family are
summe-ing at the Otterburn Springs.
Miss Matte Lee Wooiard IL visiting
friends In Caroline.
Mr.. W. l.. Wsring, Jr.. who has been
sIck for the past few days, Is much better.
| ard hopes TO be out this week.
Mrs. John p. Yancey and family are at
their summer home. IN Albemar.e county.
| Mr.. Samuel Young Is spending this
| north In Boston.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-07-14

Mr.. Waller Scott left yesterday for
Grand Rapids. Mich, TO purchase his fall
stock.
Mrs. oscar swineford and son will spend
| the month OF August at Wilson, n. c.
Mr.. Howard Swineford Is at Bedford
Springs.
Mrs. George Shuman VIII spend the
month OF August In Caroline county.
Mrs. Samuel Sycle will leave the latter
mart of July for the Catskili Mountains.
Mrs. George A. Smith and family are
summering in Orange county.
Mrs. r. II. Smith and family are at
Woodlawn Park for the summer
Mr. Seymour Sycle will leave in August
10 visit the Great Lakes.
Mr.. Fritz Stterding speaks OF leaving
in a few days for Atlantic City with his
family.
Miss Mary Shelton leaves for Orange in
a few days.
Mr. Myer Sycle and wife will leave In a
few days 10 spend several weeks visiting
several of the watering places In Virginia.
Miss Julia Spence left last week for
Orange.
Mr.. Il. II. Spence leaves Monday for a
three weeks business trip.
Miss w. schleiser is at West Point.
Miss Marie Schmidt Is travelling extern
siye,y In Europe.
Mrs G.. ]. Shuman and children will
| ,~ave ON the 18th for Caroline county.
Mr. simon Sycle. wife, and children will
,eave between the 18th and 18th for At
lantic C.tv.
Mr.. julius Straus and family have cot
,aee for the season at Ashland.
Mrs. W. o. Shelburne and children left
last week for Louisa.
Mann and Gus sycle left yesterday to
spend a fortnight at Ocean View.
Mrs. Isadore Straus and family are al
| Atlantic CITY,
| Miss Maud Stringfeliow II the guest Of
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01
Southern Railway for the Cotton
States and international EXPOSE
tion, Atlanta, Ga.

The Southern Railway operates nearly
five thousand miles of road in eight of
the Southern States and its lines enter
Atlanta, Ga, from five different points of
the compass. Washington, d. c., is the
Northern or Eastern terminus of one of
its lines, which is operated in connection
with the Pennsylvania Railroad, "the
standard railroad of America" between
New York through Philadelphia, Balti-
more, Washington, d, c., Lynchburg
and Danville, Va, Greensboro and Char
lotte, N. c., Spartanburg and Greenville,
S c., Atlanta, Ga, Montgomery and
Mobile, Ala, and New Orleans, with con-
nection at Salisbury for Asheville, Hot
Springs, Knoxville and Chattanooga, at
Charlotte for Columbia, Augusta, Savan-
nah and Jacksonville, and at Atlanta for
Birmingham, Memphis, Macon and
Southern Georgia. Solid vestibuled lin
tied trains, with through day coaches.
Pullman Drawing-room Sleepers and
Dining cars. Time between Washington
and Atlanta, eighteen hours, without
change of cars of any class.
The Southern Railway is the only line
which enters and lands passengers in the
Exposition Grounds, and no effort or ex-
PNhSS Ado bSSH opdISu Oy the HidIldSG-
ment in the improvement of its roadbed,
increasing the number of its coaches and
inaugurating its own dining car service
preparatory to handling expeditiously and
comfortably the heavy travel to and from
Atlanta during the Cotton States and
International Exposition, which opens
September 18th and closes December 3Ist,
1895.
On Tuesdays and Thursdays, from
September 18th to December 24th, in
elusive, excursion tickets will be sold from
Washington. D. c., to Atlanta, Ca, at
SI4 90, good for return 10 days from date
of sale.
Excursion tickets will be sold every
day from September 10th until December
18th. inclusive, from Washington at
$Io. IS, good for return 20 days from date
of sale, and excursion tickets for the en-
tire Exposition season with final limit of
January 9TH, 1896, will be sold from Sep
tember 10th until December 18th, inclu-
sive, at $26.25.
Map folders furnished and Pullman
Sleeping Car reservations made upon
application NJ. BEALL,
Dist. Pass'r. Agt,
80 S. Third St, Philada, Pa.
]. NJ. CULP, w. A. TURK,
Traffic Manager, Gen, Pass. Agt.
Washington. D. c,
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01
Fascinating Golf.

Do you play golf? If you do,
you are bound to be an enthusiast or
nothing, and never tire of telling OF
listening to tales of prowess on the
''green;" and if you do not, and
have any "golfng" friends, you
should make haste to learn all you
can about it, or reconcile yourself
to losing their friendship, for not
to know golf places you in another
sphere entirely, and the golfer will
tell you frankly, "You have no
SOUL" That it is charming and
health giving game, no one can
deny; and after reading the hand
somelyillustrated article, "Fascinat-
ing Golf" in Demorest's Magazine
for November, one can understand
something of the enthusiasm it
arouses, and the fascination it
exercises over its devotees. Another
article of interest to all women is
"Woman Guardians of Patriotism,
which gives many interesting facts
about the Daughters of the
American Revolution which have
never before been published, and
the illustrations include portraits of
the officers of the national organiza-
tion, and most of the State regents.
The same number is replete with
charming stories by Joseph Hatton,
Margaret Sutton Briscoe, Sarah
Bierce Scarborough, and other well
known writer's, and everyone is
bound to find something interesting
and useful in the different depart
ments for which this magazine is
noted.
The Christmas number of this
ideal Family Magazine is to have
numerous holiday attractions,
among them a charming water
color of "Chrysanthemums," by
the eminent flower painter De
Longpre, which is to be given as a
Christmas supplement; and anyone
may obtain it, also a December
number of Demorest's, by cutting
out this notice and forwarding it,
with twenty cents in stamps, to the
address below. No one should
neglect to take advantage of this
exceptional offer. Demorest's is
published for $500 year by the
Demorest Publishing Co., ITO Fifth
Avenue, New York.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01
Ih6 Stdg'S VdN6y.
By CARMEN SYLVIA Queen Of Rou-
mania).
Copyright, 1895. !

Between the two mountains Caraiman
and Omul there extends long crescent
shaped plain which is named the Stag S
valley. At the foot of one of these
mountains and leaning by the side of it
may be seen long line of gigantic stone
figures, whose profles and hands are
even now distinguishable. They are not
unlike the forms of Egyptian idols.
The following curious legend is re-
lated of them:
1t is said that these lofty mountains
were once peopled by race of giants,
naughty and strong, respected and
feared by their neighbors, for whatso-
ever they undertook was always sure to
be crowned with success.
They passed their lives in the open
air, slept Oh the snowdrifts and bathed
their bodies from earliest infancy in the
icy waters of the turbulent Pelesh river.
Their tall stature made them able, with
a few strides of their long legs, to reach
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01

vast heap of stones which she had ac-
cumulated. although she knew for what
purpose they were destined ON the NOR
row. The kings heart waxed sore with
in him when he saw his daughter stand
ing thus, and he passed a sorrowful and
sleepless sight, while Vigilia, on the
contrary, slept peacefully under the
outspreading branches of a gigantic pine
tree, while the moonbeams fell on the
face of the beautiful sleeper, who lay
with her head pillowed ON her arm, her
lips parted i'll the sweet rest of a child.
When morning broke, she rose and put
on garments of strong white linen,
spun and woven by her own fair hands,
the stoutness of the texture Of which
she knew could bear the strain it must
undergo during the days trial.
At the sight of the maiden thus clad,
her beauty enhanced by the simplicity
of her raiment, the hearts of many of
those who were elected to fling stones
at her tainted within them at the
thought of having to put her to such q
cruel test. Nevertheless the heap quick
]y diminished, for each man armed
himself with a stone and came around
the princess, forming a circle. She
raised her magnificent tresses and fas-
tened them above her head, saying:
''It shall not be said that protected
myself with my mantle.
Tt was the old kings duty to cast the
first stone while gazing steadfastly in
the face of his beloved child.
She kissed the place where the stone
had wounded her, and then lovingly
kissed her hands to her father. 1t was a
sight to see her stand firm as rock un-
der the shower of missiles which assail-
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01

Walking hats are conspicuous
for their many wings. Chameleon
velvet, arranged in loops to give a
broad effect, and groups of wings
form their principal trimming.
Toques of braided felt, and also of
chenille, are much the vogue for
everyday wear. Fur tails adorn
them as well as rosettes of richly
colored ribbon. Dark blue and
apple green is a French color COM
bination much used, and burnt
orange is combined effectively with
deep brown. All the shades of
magenta, violet and plum are in
favor.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01
n O.. s
"Bring me the harp" sighed he.

"Bring me the harp" sighed he.
They ran quickly to bring it for him.
He took it in his arms, and his pure soul
passed gently over the celestial chords,
whose divine vibrations floated in airy
waves away into space.
Then the poor mother arose with set
features, and with arms appealingly
raised to heaven she exclaimed:
go ye men Of stony hearts, be ye
also turned to stone! Listen, great
spirit, 1 beseech thee, to the cry of
mother for vengeance! Turn to stone,
ye traitors, ye who have ruthlessly TAX
en- the life of the purest being on Gods
earth Be We turned to stonep'
Then before her eyes this nation of
giants, who had been gathered in a
semicircle around her, became instantly
petrified, while she sighed so deeply that
her heart broke with plaintive cry,
which revealed to the world a mothers
anguish and the enormity of the crime
which had been committed by mortal
men.
AS for the stags, they spread out their
heavy wings and flew away forever out
of creation.
THE END
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01
NOTICE
ORPHANS COURT.

The Stated Meetings. of the Orphans
Court of Cecil county will be held on tn
second Tuesday ofevery month. Executors
Administrators and Guardians, wanting
their accounts stated, will please bring in
their vouchers few days before Court.
Test: R. f. JAMAR, Register
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01
More than 1000 forms of snow crys-
tails have been observed and copied.
Printing Names ON Emit.

The rosy cheek of an apple is on the
sunny side. The colorless apple grows
in the leafy shade. Advantage may be
taken of this to have pleasant surprise
for children. A piece Of stiff paper
placed around an apple in the full sun
will shade it, and if the Mary or Bobbie
is cut in the paper SO that the sun can
color the apple through these stenciled
spaces the little one can gather the ap-
pie for itself with the name printed on
the fruit by nature herself -Meehan' s
Monthly.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01

In place of destroying the green
back, as the bankers are moving
the Internal regions to accomplish,
withdraw the present issue which
has the wound in its back, made
by the bankers dagger, and replace
it with clean, new, perfect issue
with full legal tender power on the
same plane with gold, and we will
have the best money the world ever
saw. That is the sword which will
cut the financial Gordian knot.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01

A large square of light blue linen
has the word "needlewOrkn EN-
broidered in large struggling letters
in one corner. 1t is lined with
white linen, and has near the center
IA pocket for holding scissors, and
one for silks and needles. 1t is
intended to cover the lap when a
dainty piece of embroidery is being
done. When necessary to lay it
aside, the corners are folded over,
the embroidered one on top, and
there is a case for ones needle
work that keeps it from becoming
soiled and that is not unsightly.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01
: Read the Entire Story
in This Paper

AS the sword of the best tempered
metal is most flexible, so the truly gen.
erous are most plant and courteous in
their behavior to their interiors.
Ter.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01

Catarrh is a constitutional disease
and cannot be cured by local ap-
plications. Hoods Sarsaparilla is
a constitutional remedy; it cures
catarrh because it purifes the
blood.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1895-11-01

Hoods Pills are purely vegetable
and do not purge, pain or grip.
Sold by all druggists.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1895-05-23

ried into execution. Shakespeare also
alludeS 10 Rhenish. a white wine con
ing usually from the Rhine. and pei
hapS sometimes from the district
about Reims. in France. As during
the One Hundred Years war the
English overran the north and west
and good part Of the center of
France. they must have known nearly
all the wines made in those parts of
that country long before the reign
Of Queen Eliza beth. which makes it
seem strange that Shakspeare's NOM
enclature should be so limited.
OF the four vinous beverages alluded
to specifically by the drama fist sack
is OfteneSt mentioned and it is that
to which commentators have given
most attention Most of them con-
slider the word sack a corruption
of the french sec dry. \ few think
the ma may have come from the
Spanish Tea SACK. because the Span
ish, inhC ting the custom from the
Romans. ave from the most remote
times, ana still do. put their ines
IN leather bottles or bags In consult
ing Spanish dictionaries one may find
the term SAGA applied to 4 kind of
wine brought from the Canaries.-San
Francisco Chronicle.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1895-05-23
JUDGE JACKSON.

Associate Justice Howell E. Jackson.
of the United States supreme court,
upon whom virtually rested the final
disposition of the income tax. is one
Of the most recent acceSSiOnS to the
supreme bench. Although a stanch
democrat, he owes his appointment to
a republican president, he being one
Of the last appointees of President
Harrison before he handed over the
government to Grover Cleveland. JUS
tice Jackson was nominated to succeed
the late Justice Lamar. At the time
Of his appointment he was serving as
United States circuit judge in the
Tennessee and Ohio circuit, so that his
promotion might be regarded as well
earned. He was appointed to the cir
cult bench by President Cleveland dur
ing his first administration, March 8.
1887.
Justice Jackson was born at Paris,
Tenn, April s. 1882, and received a
good classical education at West Ten
nessee college, from which he gradu
ated with honor in 1913, when but six
teen years of age. From that institu
ton of learning he went to the univer-
sity of Virginia and there took d two
years course. He entered the Lebanon
law school, and at the age of twenty
four was graduated. He began the
practice Of law in Jackson, Tenn, in
1856. Three years later he moved to
Memphis and continued there for
twenty years, when he once more re-
turned to Jackson. He was twice ap-
pointed to the supreme bench Of the
state Of Tennessee and was once a can
didate for judge of the supreme court
before a nominating convention, but
was defeated
IL 1880 ne was elected t. the state
legislature Of Tennessee and the fol
lowing year was elected by his assO-
ciateS in the legislature to the United
StHteS senate. He served there with
Benjamin Harrison. and it was to the
friendship thus formed that his APP
pOintment to the supreme bench by
political opponent was largely due.
Justice Jackson continued in the SEN
ate till 1886. when he resigned. In
March OF tnat year PRESIDENT CleVe-
land appointed him circuit judge and
in 1898 he was promoted to his pres
ent position. He entered upon the du
ties Of the office March 4, 1893. His
decisions as judge have always been
marked by clearness of judgment,
sound common sense and an enlight
ened Interpretation of the law, and
have always commanded the respect of
the legal profession throughout the
country. Justice Jackson is regarded
as one of the ablest and sOuDdest
jurors of the south and as an orna
ment to the bench.