Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-01-14
MExlco,s DOUBLE VOLCANO.
Situated at Colirna and Now once More in
 Active Eruption.

cifc coast of the republic, due west of the capital and is only about the size of Connecticut. The ground rises gradually from the coast frequently intersected by detached, unconneeted ranges of the Cordilleras Sierra Madre1. forming between them terrace-like. fertile plains which make Colilna one of the richest agricultural states of Mexico. The city of ColiIna. with 3o.- GOO inhabitants, at an altitude of 450 feet, and 5s miles distant from its port of Manzanillo, is situated almost in the center of one of these plains, which is probably 75 miles in circumference, trayersed by several rivers and creeks. Southeast and west of it are wooded mountains, from 2.600 to 4,000 feet high, while to the north the ground again at first rises gradually, when suddenly, proud and majestic, the double volcano of Colilna, about 20 miles distant, pushes itself high up above the surrounding country into the limits of eternalsnow. From here radiate the almost impossible, deep 'tbarrancaso (canyonsl which traverse the state in it's northern and north eastern portion, making the communi- cation with the interior of the republic exceedingly difficult
 Ehe volcano of Colima consists of two well-shaped cones, one Of which is called the Volean de Nieve fsnow vol cano), which is not active The vol- lcano proper, or Volcan de Pueqo fire ivolcano), is active at the present time. 1t is one of the series of six volcanoes of Mexico which were formed in almost a straight line across the continent, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific ocean, above a communicating volcano rent in the crust of the earth, com mencing east with the volcano of 0rizaba, followed by Iztaccehault, Popocatepetl, the volcano of Toluca. the newly formed Jor1llo, and ending with the volcano of Colina. near the littoral of the Pacific.
 The Yolcan de Nieve has an altitude of 4,304 meters 14,1fS feetl. It has un- doubtedly been active, but all proofs are wanting when it ceased its activity. The present active volcano, the Yolean de Fuego, is one and three=quarters 1 miles distant from the cone of the snow volcano, in a southeasterly di. rection, under nineteen degrees twenty minutes north latitude, and has an elevation above the level of the sea of 5,8s5 meters, or 12, ,633 feet. About 500 feet below it's principal crater there formed suddenly, in 1869, new para site second crater, which since that time, like the upper one, is in full activity.
 The periodically occurring elections or eruptions of these two craters (ey- 1 cry four to eight hours) consist of white aqueous vapors Slightly sulphur ous), which rise balloon-shaped, often to an enormous height, where their vertically upward working force is overcome by the wind, and theF ere driven away as flat clouds, or hover E for long time as thick cloudy masses over the top of the volcano Almost with each eruption are eieetea ashes, E cinders and seori9, and frequently at E night can be seen glowing masses Of I lava or seoriaa moving down the cone, I Apparently slowly, from the craters, E until they disappear in some Of the E upper reaches of the many barrancas. [ Sometimes eruptive stones of some 100 ! to 300 pounds are found, which have | been hurled out of the craters to dis tance of from to 10 miles.
 The high, sharply marked ridge ! which connects the Volcan de Fuego ! s with the Nieve is over 10,O00 feet high, [ and il covered with fine pine and calI I trees. The coniferous vegetation com f menees at an altitude of I, eco feet. and [ reaches it's limit on the Volcan de { Nieve at an elevation of l2,el0 feet. The snow limit is at I3,500 feet. It is a beautiful sight to behold, especially [ during the months of November De cember and January, the snow-eappea | cone of the Volcan de &iege. IL is | rare to see snow on the Yolcan de | Fuego and then only for hours at time
 The most destructive eruptions of Colima, accompanied by earthquakes, have been as follows: That of 16l1, which continued with more or less force until 1613, throwing out ashes and scorie 100 miles in circumference, i destroying churches and houses in l Zapotlan, Guadalajara, and other places and the eruption of 1i4S, do ing much damage' In 1759 the new volcano of Jorullo rose up suddenly from a plain in the state of Miehoacan, 15o miles east of Colima. under ter rible thunder-lilze noises and eontinu- ous earthquakes. In this epoch there were probably no eruptions from the volcano of Colimo.
 Parts of the city of zapotlan, which lies about fifty miles to the northeast of Colima, were destroyed by an earth quake in 1906, during which about s,o80 z persons lost their lives. From 1896 to 1908 the volcano was in uninterrupted activity, after which it gradually ealmed down and ceased entirely, only to break out with renewed vigor in ISIS A terrible eruption took place in that year. Sand and ashes were thrown as far as zacatecas, Guana- juata, and even as far as San Luis Pc tosi The city of Colima was in greater part destroyed. After this eruption the volcano became perfectly .quiet, and only smoke and vapors were ejected from small openings in the crater.
 A new period commenced in 1889, when it's activity was suddenly re- newed, anew second crater was formed,