The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1895-11-28
VENTILATION, RESPIRATION. CIR.
CULATION.

CULAT1ON.
Ventilation, respiration and circulation
are SO closely allied that 1t is of little use
to consider one of them alone.
The heart is hollow muscle receiving
intu the cavities of Its right side the
blood which in its circulation through
the body has become impure by tax Ing
up decaving waste material. By the con-
traction OF this heart muscle this impure
blood is pumped INTO the lungs, where
the change is made from venous to ar.
terial; 1t is then sent hack to the left side
OF the heart to be pumped into arteries
for the supply of the whole body.
Between the arteries and veins are very
fine hair-liks blood vessels, Of elastic It's
sue, called capillaries. By these minute
vessels the process of nutrition goes on
the absorption of waste and the com bina-
tion which produces heat. When internal
capillaries are dilsted there is an exces-
sive production of heat and increase of
waste material in the kidneys. When the
cutansous capillurIes are dilated the body
temperature IL rapidly cooled down BY
the outer. air, and this IS aided by pers-
piration, the evaporation of the watery
portion of the blood being powerful
cooling agent.
When the air il of low temperature, the
skin is dry and cold, which means that
its vessels ars contracted and thus only
a small stream of blood ciroulates through
the skin, SO the heat is not drawn away
from tins in sernal parts. We're it not for
this action OF the skin, man could live
only in the temperate zone.
esThs lung tissue is delicate m en- brane
filled With capillaYies and inc'osing mil.
ute cavities tor air. The air gives its
! oxygen to the blood, the blood gives up
carbonic acid gas to tthe air. These gases
| pass through the NJ EN- bran mes of tue lung
tissue. This exchange turns the blond
red but vitiates the air, so as to require its
| frequent end rapid change, which is done
inovluntarily by mechanical means. We
do not initiate the chest by the air we
breathe; the bunes of the walls of the
| chest and their mus, les are too heavy for
that; we lift these walls as We lift the
sides OF pair of bellows and ALLOW the
AR to rush IN. Here we may plainly see
, how clothing by its weight or construc
Giles BY which this lifting is done ald
prevent d ne reaction OF the blood.
l. The average quantity of air taken into
ths lungs at each iLs plration - estimated
at twenty cubic inches; at Ell hteen In
splrations per minute TINS amounts to 36U
cubic inches. Exercise increases this
quantity
The oxygenlzed blood takes new ma
terlal to every part of the body, makes
the waste solu Bile and removable, while
by its union with the oarbDn of this
waste it evolves heat. The oxygen unites
with hydrogen to form water. with nitro
gen to form ammonia, and these are
eliminated by the lungs, skin and kid
neys.
The functions Of these three organs are
closely allied. They differ in appearance
but are stiucted on the same princi-
pie. Each consists OF very thin mem
brane with which the blood comes in con
tact, is purified by filtration the matter
| strained through is removed from the
body as waste.
. The lungs eliminate carbonic acid
gas, water and q small portion Of waste
animal matter. The skin eliminates a
large quantity of water, a small amount
Of carbon and some saline matter. The
Kidneys eliminate very large amount
Of water, saline substances and ammonia.
The chief excretion of all three oragns is
water; the kidneys give off the most
solid matter, tha lungs the most gas. To
keep harmony between these vital pro.
cesses is h alth; when either one of the
| three is disturbed the other must do ex.
trra work and may become 0vertaxed,
! suffering accordingly.
| The most i'm portant of these eliminat-
| ing processes 8 the excretiOn OF car bon
| by ths lungs, and the conditions under
| whicn this is performed holt an express
| relation to the circulation. This relation
| is SO nearly perfect that the individual
| who hubitualiy complains of poor circu-
lstion is thereby proving imperfect
| breathing. The rate of the movement Of
| the blood is in proportion to the demand
| for oxygen created in the discharge of all
the animal functions, and the consequent