The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-10-02

uated vaccination-that is, by beginning
| with virus Of low degree and increasing
each day the strength of the virus, an op-
! orator arrives at point where he can vac
| cinate a body with a virus stronger than
! there is any danger OF its ever being eX-
posed TO in nature; he thus secures last
/ ing immunity. Thus, in vaccinatinS
against rabies, the patient is treated first
/ with weak virus; this is followed by one
! more powerful, and so on, until al the end
! a highly exalted one is injected safely.
Such is the treatment practiced in the
| now celebrated Pasteur Institute in the
| Rue DutOt, Paris, which is supported by
| the state, and has been visited for treat
| ment by persons from all parts Of the
| world.
1t was in 1880 that NJ. Pasteur began
| with his collaboration, NJ. RouX, the study
/ of rabies. He first found that the virus
of rabies exist only in pure state in the
| nervous system. He then found that by
placing directly the virus on the. sur
| face of the brain of a dog under expert
/ ment the uncertainty of the period of In
/ cubatiOn was done away with. Soon, af-
/ YER series OF lnoculau0ns from raDDlt 70
| rabbit, these animals when inoculated in
| the brain died from rabies after a fixed
| period OF incubation of seven days. Nj.
| Pasteur had therefore in his possession
! pure virus with a regular and constant
! action. and was in a position to take the
! last step in the subject. AS he could NOT
| act directly on the microbe or rabies, he
! undertook to alternate it in its abode OF
| prediction, the nervous tissues. lie
| therefore took the spine of a dead rabbit
| and set 1t to dry in a bottle with two
/ tubes containing dry air Each day the
| tissue and virus lost a little of its strength
| fifteenth day.
once in possession of a scale of virul-
ence going from the deadly nervous It's
| sue in a fresh condition to the attenuated
tissue two weeks old, he began his vac
| cinating experiments with dogs before
ana after infection by inOculating frag-
! mentS OF tissue mixed with sterilized wa
ter and of increasing virulence. 1t was
| found that dogs treated in this way, even
| after being bitten, and even after being
r1af La
| cred, or, rather, did not develop rabies
! in other words, were vaccinated.
M. Pasteur was at this point Of his exper
| lments when an occasion presented itself
/ TO apply them in practical way, which
was done with complete success in July
/ 1885, when youth. named Meister who
had been badly bitten by a mad dog. was
inoculated. Since that time incubation
against rabies has been steadily carried
| out at the Pasteur Institute. and there
are but few who now question its harm
! lessness and efficacy.
The study of rabies absorbed the last
! stage of NJ. Pasteur's scientific life. But
for many years before devoting himself
| 70 this department Of research, he had
been engaged in work which, had it stood
alone, would have entitled him to a high
place in the temple of fame. His inves-
LEGATIONS into the phenomena of fermen-
tauon enabled him to prove that fermen-
tatlon, the everlasting movement of
matter, is governed by microscopieal
plants, by microbes, and that each fer
mentation or each form of change in or
ganized matter has its special microbe so
that these infinitely small elements are
the regulators of life on the surface of
the globe, since they are the reductiVe
agents of organic matter that has lived.
and since by this reduction they are in
cesSanty reconstituting the water, air
and soil in which new forms of life can
find the food for their nutrition. In ad-
ditiOn to this NJ. Pasteur proved that
there is no such thing as spontaneous
generation, as was generally admitted
at that time, but that every form of
NE. however small, proceeds from ele-
every direction around us.
By his researches on silkworms NJ. Pas.
teur arrived at the only true principles
upon which the scourge could be com
now vigorously followed wherever the silk
worm is cultivated. OF higher practical
Importance We're the results of his famous
! investigation into the nature of anthrax
He took up the question with his accus.
| toned decision and Vigor, and established
the fact that the small filiform corpuscles
found in the blood of animals killed by
anthrax were a terrible parasite capable
in spite of their infinitely small dimen.
sions, or killing sheep, cattle or men. Fin.
ally he took the closing step in the mat.
ter by examining the question why an
thraX is perpetuated in certain countries
The germs of anthrax buried at a deptt
or ntty centimeters, or a meter with thu
body of their victim, become mixed witt
the earth and live for years in the state OF
spores. But how do they come back to the
face of the soil and spread the disease.
! 1t is the earthworms that are the vehicles
or the disease which they bring from the
depths to the surface, mixed with the sol
that they have swallowed, and these germs
are scattered over the fields and are con.
slant source of contagion for the sheep OF
! cattle that are grazing-whence the deduc
ton that 1t is necessary to set aside for
the burial of animals killed by anthrax :
space enclosed with care, Into which
healthy animals shall never penetrate, anC
TO choose as far as possible dry and cal.
careous ground, in which earthworms will
have difficulty in living.
the great savant who has just passed
away. His life was a quiet one I'm the
, serene peace OF laboratories and libraries -
and the chief landmarks in 1t are soon
told He was successfully assistant in
physical science and preparation in chemis-
try at the Ecole Normale and doctor of
professor in Strasburg, then dean of The
scientific faculty of Lille From this civ
he was, in 1851 recalled to Paris to become
director of scientific studies at the Ecole
Normale, then professor of geology, phys
les and chemistry at the Beaux Arts; final
~ professor Of chemistry at the Sor-
bonnie. The Academy of Sciences the
Academy of Medicine and, finally the
French Academy, opened their doors to
him.
In 1874 he was voted life annuity of
l2,W0f.,. which the following year was in
creased by 6,OOOf. He was made grand officer
of the Legion of Honor in 1878 From the
entire world he has received the most
Hattering and enviable honors and dis
JUNCTION. On Dec. q, 1892, on the motion
OF the medical and surgical section of the
Academy of Sciences, the seventeen ami
NerSary of his birth was celebrated in the
Old Sorbonne. The president of the re-
puouc, the ministers, the members of par
lament the diplomatic body, the scientific
socleueS or France and delegates from
the universities and colleges of the whole
world came and presented to Pasteur the
ulDute OF their enthusiastic admiration.
only once did Pasteur issue from his
working retreat. This was in 1871. during
the bombardment of Paris by the Ger
mans. Pasteur wrote to the dean of the
University of Bonn to request him 70 ers sls
MS name from the list of honorary doc
tors or the university as a mark of fndie-
nation felt by French savant for the
barbarism and hypocricy which to SATISFY
| two great nations "a