davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23

growing season again arrives Is to lose
time. for weeds and grass take away
large portion of the plant food of tie
soil, and the exhau ,ted trees and vine
slave but partial supply of plant 10 7,
with which to recover from their wor@
of fruit production.
A large crop takes from the sol
nearly all the elements of growth. As
stated, an application of phosphate
will be of advantage in the summer,
but little later there should be given
a slight dressing of potash. Early in
the spring more potash should be APP
piled, followed later by some nitrog-
enous fertilizer. By this method there
will be less loss during winter by
rains, and the plant food will be given
at the most appropriate periods. In
an orchard a grass crop may be grown
occasionally, when fertilizers are used
literally, but the sod should be turned
under and the land also well lined.
1t is the weeds that do the damage,
and especially to the small fruits. 1t
is not profitable to postpone cultivation
until spring, for the most damage to
the fruit crops is in the fall -Philadel-
phia Record.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
WATERING THE GARDEN.
A Kansas Man Tells How 1t Is Done by
Means of a Windmill.

Usually garden is irrigated by rum
ming the water between every other,
or every third. row. This necessitates
long rows. or the water will reach the
end before the ground is thoroughly
wet To obviate this trouble, c. d.
Perry, of Clark county, writes in the
Kansas agricultural report that his
garden last year was made as shown
in the accompanying illustration and
described below. Selecting a piece
of ground % by $50 feet, l ascertained
with level the way the level lines
ran. 1t was of no consequence which
way the beds lay, or what We're their
shapes. | made them wide enough for
two rows of vegetable with sunken
paths between. The path ran around
one end of the first bed and then
around the opposite end of the second,
and so on until the entire plat was
laid out. Now when stream of water
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23

which they pass the winter. They
cease to feed about the middle of Sep
TENDER and do not begin again until
about the middle of April, having
passed the winter attached to the
twigs of the tree After feeding awhile
they make second and larger case,
shaped like diminutive cigar, and
from which they can stretch forth the
forward part of the body and, eating
circular hole large enough to admit
the body, commence to eat out the sub
stance of the leaves, leaving the lower
and upper skins intact. 1t still retains
its cigar-shaped home and retires into
it when at rest or disturbed. In June
they cease to feed, fasten themselves
to the leaf and in short time enter
the chrysalis stage, from which the
moths issue
These cigar-like objects can be seen
moving over the leaf of a plant, al
though scarcely more than one-fifth of
an inch in length, and when disturbed
the little creatures retreat into them
The first indication of the insects
presence occurs on the swelling buds
of apple, pear or plum trees. Two or
three have often been seen on single
bud busily at work eating holes in
them no larger than pin. The work
on the expanded foliage is seen in skel-
etonized dead areas, which have near
their center clear cut round hole
through one skin, usually on the
under side of the leaf. The caterpil-
lars also often attack the growing fruit.
The Cornell station says that the in
sect can probably be kept in check by
two or three thorough sprayings with
paris green, if used at the rate of one
pound to two hundred gallons of water
The first application which may be eff
fectively combined with the Bordeaux
mixture for the apple scab fungus,
should be made as soon as the little
cases are seen on the opening buds. A
second and perhaps third application
may be necessary at intervals of from
four to seven days on badly infested
trees. These sprayings will also check
the bud moth. 1t has also been found
in Canada that kerosene emulsion
spray applied at the same time as d.
rected for paris green is still more
effective check upon the case-bearer,
and will probably be so on the bud
moth. In pear orchards this insect
and the psylla can be checked by
spray of the same emulsion when the
leaves are opening. 1t should be re-
membered that fruit tree ought
never to be sprayed when in blossom,
and that success in any case will de-
pend almost entirely upon the thor
oughness with which the work is done
N. Y. World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
AN IMPORTANT PROP,
Shall Progressive Dairymen Buy q,
Their Cows? reed

Rrr,.
Their Cows? "reed
The above question is sural,
practical one. No one who bas very
time attempted to establish any
dairy cows but will know wbat o.
cult matter it is to get together : UNI
lection of cows which shall =. COL
prove profitable in the practical n olC'
ing dairy. If one makes up bis "OrS'
to make dairying a specially. ana 4 ;.I
is in a hurry to get at IT, tbaa
course. he must depend largely On VI
side buying for his foundation Uut'
But after he has the COWS ana 1v'a
thoroughly tested each indiyid ua'
wedding out undesira BILE ones co l'l
he knows those he has left ara n 'la'
able from his point of view. fhao 'V ~
question arises, shall he raise his 'u'
stock to supply future demand
shall he depend upon buying. as in " VI
first instance? There are manv a 'ue
reasons why he should raise hi, 9 on
cows. In the first place, havin, '"a
cured herd of cows which has don,
oped, to a marked degree. the ,g
and butter-producing tendency
has but to secure a well-bre3 Al; ~
bnll to breed his cows to, to be ori
sure of getting what he sa.s,
The heifers got by this mating Mn
invariably prove equal if not supess.
to their dams. These facts are tab,
from a dairyman's point of view. II,
young things are cheaply raised IN n |
the point of milk giving To saw t6s
least, they can be raised as cheanlr =,
they can be purchased, and then ror
must take your chances and-not ii
ways sound judgment if you buy,
to whether they will make good COW,
or not. On the other hand. tbera !,
no question but what it is grest
amount OF extra work and a sourca q.
annoyance to break number of heifar,
each year, and again, they, of course
are not as profitable dairy animal.
as adult cows are at their best But
we should remember that if heifer /.
fed intelligently from birth with tina
idea of making a COW of her, her worth
as dairy animal will be greatly on.
HANGED. We.have often seen young hcit.
ers for the first time in milk yielding
larger profits than some of the older
cows The young heifers are con.
stantly getting better, while the cows
will soon begin to fail as old age ap-
proaches.
We should advise by all means that
dairymen breed and raise their own
cows.-Herbert w. Mumford, in Prairie
Farmer
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23

or inches deep is turned into the
path at the highest point of the gar
den, it will follow the path to the end
of the first bed, go round it and down
the next path, etc. Three inches of
head and the slight fall the water gets
going around the ends of the beds will
carry it back and forth to the bottom
Of the garden, where perhaps the last
bed is or feet lower t.an the first.
BY this time each bed is wet from side
to side. An s-foot windmill, with
small pond or wooden tank holding
100 barrels, will enable every family to
raise more vegetables and small fruits
than it needs"
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
WHERE THE BALL WENT.
Lost Sphere In a Cricket Match Found Il
"a Spectators Pocket

a
Spectators Pocket.
Cricket balls have been lost in manv
curious ways, such as by being struck
into passing train, into crows and
other birds nests, down chimneys and
steeples, and it is likely, says'the Leeds
Mercury, that this instance adds one
more to this class of singular events
lnGrow, on their own ground, were
playing Wilsden-the leaders in the
West bradford league and when j
Smith prof of the latter team, was in.
he struck ball to square-leg. The ball
went to the boundary, passing under
seat which was filed by spectators.
Seeing that it was boundary hit, the
spectators began to look for the ball.
but they could not find it. Then some
OF the cricleters joined in the search.
but the ball could not be seen, though
they made a close scrutiny of all the
holes in the vall-into which it was
wittily suggested they should send
ferret. Eventually the search was
abandoned, fresh ball secured, and
the match continued. When it had
been in progress for some time, some
of the spectators who were seated near
the place where the ball was lost sug-
gested that they should all feel in their
pockets and see If 1t was in any of them.
This they did, and, singular to say, it
was found in the side pocket of gen
tleman wearing jacket whose pockets
had frequently carried small birds that
he had shot with his gun. Evidently
the ball had run up the wall behind
the seat, and small projecting stone
had then caused it to drop downward
into the gentleman's pocket, and he,
being seated, had never felt the extra
weight, as his pocket reeted on the seat.
The Demand for Butter.
1he people of the United States eat
on the average about four pounds Of
butter for each bushel of wheat con.
sumed as food. From this 1t is easy to
see that 80 far as the home market Is
concerned butter brings the farmer
more money than wheat, and yet there
are some folks who think the dairy in
dustry, which includes the sale of milk
for food, and the manufacture Of
cheese as well as of butter, is not Of
very much Importance as compared
with wheat raising.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
LARGE FRUIT CROPS.
To Be Secured by Giving Trees Good Care
In the Fall.


The way to secure q large crop of
fruit next year is to get the trees and
vines into condition this fall. The
larger share of work with fruit is done
early in the spring, for then the sprayer
must be used frequently and much
time is necessarily devoted to the de-
struction of insects instead of to the
cultivation of trees and plants. There
Is but little work given fruit trees and
vines during the summer and fall, vet
much can be done that would render
spring work less laborious. In the
obliteration of grape rot success has
partially attended the spring applica-
lions OF solutions for that purpose, but
the sprayer can do better service until
the crop is harvest / than in spring,
as the spores will easier destroyed
After the vines are clear of grapes
work can be performed in the endeavor
TO rid the ground of the spores by the
free use of lime and the several recog-
nized mixtures for that purpose. When
such matters are deferred until winter
the delay permits of the flrmer estab-
lishment of the spores and their distri-
button by rains and winds.
1t requires large amount of water
to dissolve some fertilizers, especially
phosphates in the form OF bone. meal
or Carolina rock that has not been
calculated. The fall is an excellent
time to apply such, and their applica-
ton 10 beneficial to trees and vines.
which are believed to store up certain
substances that are utilized for the
formation Of fruit during the spring or
bearing season. Experimenters with
strawberries have found summer and
fall applications of fertilizers to the
plants of great assistance in increasing
the yield and quality of berries the
following spring, and on plat which
produced at the rate of nearly 5000
quarts per acre this season the heaviest
application of fertilizers was made the
previous summer. The practice of
abandoning the fruit fields until the
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
WHEN TO SELL HOGS.
I'm September and October the Pig Sup
ply Usually Short.

In september and October the Pig Sup
ply Usually Short.
While prices for hogs ductuate much,
sometimes when it is difficult to see a
sufficient reason for change, it has
generally been true that prices have
been relatively higher few weeks in
Sc otember and the early part of Octo-
BET. At this time the supply of fat
hcgs is usually small. The spring
pigs are not yet ready for the market.
Comparatively few fall pigs are
dropped. Most farmers prefer to wait
until they can feed the new crop OF
corn before beginning full feeding.
Ii we may judge of the past, it will
be good policy to have any small fall
pigs and brood sows, which it is not
desired to retain for breeding pur-
poses. ready for the market at this
time. For years past we have thought
the common practice of allowing sows
to become quite thin in flesh while
sucking their litters a mistake If
they are kept in fair flesh they can be
fattened in ii short time after the pigs
are weaned. In several recent years
such sows would have been sold for as
much by the first of October as could
have been obtained for them at any
date notwithstanding their increase in
weight.
The evidence is strong that the sup
ply OF good, fairly heavy hogs is now
small. 1t is quite probable they will
be in good demand as cool weather
comes on. With present indications as
to prices for corn it would seem good
economy to feed with reference to
prompt fattening instead of with the
desire simply OF keeping the hogs in
moderate fesh-a plan of doubtful
economy most generally, except for
breeding animals -prairia Earmar
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
TEMPORARY SHADE FOR STOCK.

should be provided on humane
grounds, but there is question of dol
lars and cents in it as we'll. Discom-
fort of any kind lessons productiveness
and growth. A rough shed of boards,
or even rough framework covered
with green boughs, will answer tho
purpose very well, but where lumber
is expensive and green boughs are nov
at hand, cheap cotton cloth can be
used very effectively, and economical
ly. Such cloth can be bought for five
cents or less yard, and can be
stretched over a framework set up
against the pasture fence.-American
Agriculturist.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
Preserving BY Means of Alcohol.

The French have devised methoa
OF preserving fruits by means of alcG
holic vapor. In making the experr,
ment, grapes were gathered anu
placed in cellar, closed by an ordf
nary wooden door. In the cellar was
placed large bowl filled with alcohoi.
and the grapes were hung upon wood,
en- racks. At the same time some o.
the fruit was placed in two other GER
lars, neither of which was supplieu
with alcohol A month later the
grapes in the two last-named cellars
were found to- be completely spoiieu,
whereas those in the alcohol cellar
were found sound and fresh.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
Butter Fats from Whey.

A new source of butter has been dis
covered by the Cornell college of agri-
culture. 1t is found in the whey, a
waste product in cheese making, which
has heretofore been only fed to hogs
and not thought very good food Tor
them. The discovery is method BY
which the butter fats, always present
in the whey, can be separated and
used in making butter. The separa'
tor machine is used. The saving
will be sufficient in large cheese fac
tory to pay for separator in a shor'
time. 1t means a saving to New YORK
dairymen of fully Sl,o00,00O worth Of
butter per year. The butter made Oy
this process is said to be of excellen'
quality.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
RAISING CALVES.
1t Is What Every Wide-Awake Farmer
Should Do.

Farmers who sell or ship their milk
usually raise few calves, thinking it is
cheaper to buy cows than it is to raise
them. Butare we as apt to get as good
cows? If farmer sells cows it is his
poorest ones he wants to DISPOSE of.
Whereas. if we raise our own cows we
raise the calves from our best cows,
and by using blooded bull we stand
fair chance of improving our daily
herd AS to feeding calves, it is not
necessary to feed them much milk. We
have good success In feeding a por-
ridge made of cornmeal, ground buck
wheat, wheat bran and linseed meal,
mixed and proportioned as follows:
-Four quarts corn meal, four quarts
wheat bran, two quarts ground buck
wheat, and about two handfuls of lin
seed meal. We begin using about one
heaping tablespoonful for each mess;
make the porridge with water, add a
pinch of salt and one quart of sweet
milk. Increase the amount of grain as
the calf grows older. Care should be
taken not to get the calves too fat.
When raising calves for cows thev
should be fed just enough to keep
them growing and in good flesh, but
not too fat. Calves kept fat willie
growing are not as apt to make as
good cows as those that are lust
kept in good growing condition.-N.
Y. Tribune.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
The Texture of Butter.

The texture of butter depends parr
ly ON the animal, partly on feed, anu
partly upon the temperature OF tho
cream when churned. Cows that give
the richest milk make the most sclia
butter. In such cows what should 60
to make suet or beef fat is turned nlo
the milk glands. The same result
comes from feeding very rich food Tx,
cotton-seed meal. A small quantity o.
this mixed with wheat bran should ~
fed to cows; it will make butter muS'
firmer during hot weather in SUNNI
but it will need in addition that"
milk and cream be kept in cool pla''
N. Y. World.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
vENTILATING COVER FOR MILK PALS


shapes and sizes to fit different vessels
used. The invention is urged as par
ticularly applicable for use in diaries
for covering pans containing milk or
utensils from which customers are
served.
The arrangement represented by Fig.
consists of wood or metal rim of
such size and shape as to fit closely
upon the top of the Pan, and over this
frame is stretched covering of wire
gauze, or other suitable material capa.
BILE of keeping out flies and dust with.
out retarding proper ventilation or ac-
cess of air to the contents. In the
center of the cover or frame is fixed a
second rim, forming an opening
through which the milk may be served
and which, when not in use for that
purpose, may be closed by hinged
lid. The idea is applicable to pitchers.
bowls, jam pots and all like vesse Is.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
CIGAR-CASE BEARER.
Danger to the Orchards of the Countr!
from New Pest.

A comparatively new pest of fruit
trees is the insect called the cigar-case
bearer, which last year probably
ranked next to the bud-moth in New
York in de,tructiveness Owing to its
small size and peculiar habits, the in
sect in any stage will be rarely noticed
by fruit-grower, and yet the second
one of the curious suits or cases which
the little caterpillar wears is conspicu-
Gus enough to reveal its presence 10 the
casual observer 1t appears as moth
from about the middle of June until
about the middle of July, and lays its
eggs on the leaves of fruit trees After
a couple of weeks these hatch to mi
mute caterpillars, which at once eat
through the skin of the leaf and mine
in the tissue, leaving tiny trans
parent line behind them. After a
couple Of weeks or more they cut small
bits out Of the leaves and roll them
into minute tubes or cases within
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
Violet Farms In the East.

There are two sar-famed violet farh
managed exclusively by women WIZ
are their respective owners. One -
Meadow Springs farm, at Stamfora'
Conn.,, belonging 10 Mrs. Ned LeaVi.s
and the other is the Holmdale vioies
farm, at Madison, N. j., owned an'
managed by Mrs. Robert B. hoiins
In the west, also, women are beginn'ns
to make speciality of these flowers
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
To Get Rid Of stumps.

To destroy stumps bore hole one or
two inches in diameter, according to
size of tree, and eighteen inches deep.
Put In one and one-half ounces Of salt
peter. Fill with water, and plug up
closely. In six months put in same
hole half gill of kerosene oil
and then light. The stump will
smolder away without blazing, even
down to every part of the roots, leav-
ing nothing but ashes.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
The MARYLAND LINE AT
LONG ISLAND.
AUGUST 81 l77e.

Condition of the American Forces
Landing of the British-The
Macaronis-The Battle-Terrible
Charge of the Maryland Line
Anguish of Washington = The
Death Grapple-The Defeat Of
the Marylanders- Losses.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
SHADE FOR PASTURES.

If There Are No Trees Recourse Must Be
Had to Artificial Means.
Where pastures contain no trees for
shade in the strong heat of summer, it
is cruel not to afford some artificial
shade for the stock. Such shelter
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23
MILK JAR COVERS.

A New Device Which Is IA Ventilator of
Unusual Merit.
A ventilating yet fireproof cover for
dishes containing edibles has been in
vented by an Englishman and shown
in recent number of the London In
vention. The patent consists princi-
pally of frame work made in various
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-08-23

BEDDING fruit in lime is said ia be a
good way to preserve 1t. 1t L. easily
tried.
Evening star., 1895-06-17
SUBURBAN NEW S
ANACOSTlA.

A mission which promises from the out
look to be very successful, and which will
continue for one week, was begun yester-
day by Revs. Fathers O'kane and Camp
bell of New York at st. Teresa's Catholic
Church, Alacostia; Rev. T. B. Hughes,
pastor. All the services were attended by
unusually large congregations.
Childrens day exercises were held last
tight at Congress Heights Methodist Epis-
copal Church, and were in charge of Mr..
Robt. H. Jordan, superintendent. The at
tendance was immense and many persons
came a distance of several miles on foot
in order to he present. With the exception
of a very few numbers the entire program
was executed by the children and teachers
of the Sunday school, and all participating
acquitted themselves with great credit.
The children of the German Orphan Asy-
lum were given their annual picnic today
in the grounds attached to the institution
on Good Hope hill. Many friends of the
officers and directors and relatives of the
children attended. and everything possible
was done to make the orphans enjoy them
selves.
Mr. George Willett of Belleview has re-
moved to Prince Georges county, Md, and
will engage in farming.
Evening star., 1895-06-17

o'clock. when an open car was waiting
to return the Washingtonians homeward.
A dance will be given every two weeks.
and the proprietors and guests of the hotel
will issue cards of invitation to their
friends.
Among those present were Colonel and
Mrs. Fellows, Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Carusi,
DR.. and Mrs. E. c. Carroll, Mr.. and Mrs.
Theo. Friebus, jr., Mr. and Mrs. Chas.
Newman, Mr.. and Mrs. John Henderson.
Neyes. Jones, Day. Stone, Norris. Griffith.
Fletcher, Bessie Edison, Parker, Wilson,
Brown. Burr. Darrell, Darling, DuvaI,
Lewis. Swormstedt, Slater, Douglass. Nc
Plant Gilbert. Thompson; also Mr.. and
Mrs. w. H. Barnes. Mr.. and Mrs. A. w.
Martin, Messrs. Newbold. Warren Smith,
Harry Dempsey, Wills, Ford, Miller. Du-
jr.. W. D. Hensey. Stone, Lay. Waters,
Keys. Walker. Smith, Fletcher, Carusi.
Darrell, Oliver, j. w. Butts, Benjamin,
English, Payne. George Dempsey, Cady,
Orton Brown, John c. Wilson, F. r. Keys,
r. E. Lay, A. B. Dawson, Goff Smith, S.
S. Carroll
The Misses Made and Fannie White,
who graduated last week from the kee-
Mar College, Hagerstown, Nd, are home.
Mr. and Mrs. Louis P. Shoemaker have
called by the death of Mrs. Shoemaker's s
brother-in-law, Mr.. John Wood.
Miss Emma Wollard is visiting her sister,
Mrs. Chas. o. Brown, at the Marshall
Brown place.
Mrs. Chas. w. Meyers and daughter are
now with her mother, Mrs. E. F. Brooks
in Pasadena, Cal. Mr.. Meyers expects to
join her later in the summer.
Miss Russell of Washington is the guest
of Mrs. F. G. Heine.
DIR. ]. Ford Thompson and family are
spending a while at their country seat be-
fore going to Atlantic City.