The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1895-05-05
SOFT TINTS IN GLASS.
NOW THE BEA UTIFUL STAINEi-
CLASS WINDOWS ARE Ma DE.
Scoring Color Enects-Thousands OF sits
Of Material Employed In Making
single Picture

yet IL Is Of Such q nature ''"' 49,
workman employed IN the process must
have q rare eve for color and great &C
curacv of Judgment. The first step IN
making A picture window is the water
color drawing Of the artist. setting iorth
tho design. color, and general erect
From, this IS made a black-and-Whlte
drawing of the same size as the win'o"
&c intended TO he. Any errors m drawing
become Immediately apparent when 'ne
water-roior picture IS enlarged the neees-
sarv corrections being made before any
thing more Is done ..
After the large drawing IL approved
a. ibid fat unon two sheets OF brown
naner with ordinary carbon tracing paper
laid between each sheet. a duplicate
tracing is then made by running a little
wheel over the outlines OF the picture
one Of the tracings is cut up as
nafsorn for the glass-cutters. THIS Is
done by an ingenious tool called three
legged scissors which, when cutting re-
moves n strip Of paper of the same "lu'n
as The lead which will separate the frag-
ments Of glass when the window IS Duilt
un. The paper patterns are then pasted
on a sheet of glass I'm the same positions
as the pioeos Of glass will occupy when
they are bound together by the lead
strips
Now comes the most critical part OF
the whole operation With the water
color drawing as "A guide, the glass-rutter
has 10 substitute for the paper patterns
the pieces of glass which will form the
window. As be selects the particular
color which is called for by the water
color sketch for each paper pattern he
strips off the paper and substitutes
the glass The difficulty OF doing this
NAV be appreciated when the great num-
Der of tints used IN stained-glass windows
IS considered I'm the fine mosaic work
which rs seen tO such perfection III inc
Vatican at Rome no less han rs DO diner
cnt unts are used OF course nothing
ike that number is employed I'm modern
picture windows but the various shades
are 80 numerous that an accurate eye
Is necessary 20 discriminate between them
and 10 use them with Judgment
The cutter engaged in choosing and
cutting the glass has sometimes 20 pick
over ton or more OF glass before he
+ arrives az II piece suitable for some par
ticular tint By doubling piece or glass
or putting one color behind another Of
foes are often obtained which be would
ba impossible 20 produce with single
piece Of glass. The glass may be- super
hcially stained or the color may Doe IN
caru0faNd while the molten glass Is
sin in the crucible. IN America The
homogeneous colorod glass is generally
used while I'm Europe the stained glass
is almost entirely employed. In the
homogeneous glass metals and their DIFF
fercut oxides are used for col0ring. As
many AS seventeen different ingredients
are used to obtain some delicate shades
The different oxides OF copper are used
for a. great many unts. while manga
nese. lead. iron. ana cobalt are also large
IS employed.
The most expensive tint is ruby. 10 oh-
tain wh.ch gold is employed These
metals however. constitute only "a portion
of the number which serve for the pur-
pose. Combinations OF almost all OF
them are used To- got different effects.
and fresh discoveries are constantly be-
ing made. rhe excellence boo color of the
antique stained glass windows has been
found To- be largely due 90 the imperIoc-
tons In the glass which was mauufac-
tIred at that time. Modern glass is too
smooth and clear for stained glass
work. because it transmits the light too
evenly and consequently does not give
good color effect To remedy this glass
for stained windows is now made pur-
poseiy of rough and uneycn texture. The
c0l0rs blend together better ami give a
more brilliant effect when the surface of
tlo glass is rough and fun Of minute
biowhoies.
When the glass cutter has selected his
different tInts and cut the pieces of glass
t.... -. .t...t d.. .t. ....t...,, 49,. ,...ii
,.,''sii, ....,,,., nv, ,,,,i,' ~,
t,a aithcrto ,nIiss,.,cl +,,,fr, is t.i,i
.. , sheet ~ ,,i.ss and d.. o,,tfi,os of
the nicture aro painted on ill., plsss. 1he
elaes fragments are then placed I'm posi-
tIln hy means of these outlines When
this lis done the glass is axiom into the
soldering room ana the uie.os are hound
together bv means of double-qrcovod srrips
oft lead. This soldering process is a deli
cate one locauso the lead lines tnom-
selves are relied upon 10 give some of The
general effect IN means has y.f br,n
discovered of staining class so that a
q.ff.f,rtorv flesh fint win bo ohfair.d
All the faces. hands. ana other flesh
narts of the body are cut i'm white opalns--
cont GLASS and then nainted while rho
artist is painting the fesh narfs the win
dow is nlcunted ON II rough frame. and al
the light lis cut OF except that which IT,
d. inmates the piece Of opslescent GLASS
90 bee painted.
The effect is extremely odd WHOM ono
enters ID studio where several heads ara
being painted. All round the dark room
may be seen faces staring out I'm luminous
relief, against dark background. Here
ana there It ghosty arm is 0ufstratchod
or ID mysterious hand suspended in midair.
When the eyes get used 10 the darkness.
the artists and many OF the surrounding
objects become visible and much OF The
uucanny effect disappears.
The cciOrs are laid on 200 nstallmonts.
as the glass has 20 Dee taken out OF the
frame and the c0lors have 20 be- fired
three or four times before the final touches