The Arizona sentinel., 1895-12-28

Of the ella and Colorado rivers have for the most
part deep sedimentary soil of brownish, gray
san1y loan, resting, in most places, upon gray
clay subsoil at depth of from ten to twenty feet
below the surface, The clay subsoil forms hard
pan which is impervious to water. These soils have
been slowly formed by the decomposition of shales
ssndstones, marls limestores eta, mixed with or
glnic and vegetable matter, washed down by the
mighty rivers and have been gradually deposited
during the course of centuries. The fertilzing
brownish mud held in the wat tlof the Colorado
and ella rivers resembles that from the Nile and
Its quantity varies from OIL to O5 per cent.
though the water when considerably discolor-
ed by mud is good to drink, resembling in this res
pect the Missouri river water. A chemical analysis
of the sediments of the Colorado and of the Nile
exhibits a wonderful similarity in the constituent
parts of each. That of the Colorado exhibiting a
triac less potassa, most phosphoric acid and car
bonade of limestone beds through which the Colo
RADIO passes In other respects the sediment of the
Colorado is almost identical with that of the Nile
1t will be noticed therefore, that when this water is
used for irrigation it is superior to artesan waters
since it is constantly supplying the land with the
rlchestfertiizing elements. The soil of the valleys
is extremely rich in dedompoSed vegetable matter
and uncombined carbon, readily absorbing the
aerial gases, such especially, as oxygen, which
tering the soil, decomposes the organic matters so
that they can be taken up and nourish the plants
which may be considered leading feature in its
fertility. 1t also readily takes up and retains
moisture while the frmness of its particles affords
every facility for percoation and the activity of
capillary action In is mechanical composition it's
mar
renders it more productive than coarser soils 1t
acquires heat readily in the daytime, and the loss
of the heat at night is very gradual so that it re-
mains always warm and is not subject TO sudden
changes of heat and cold Besides its essential con-
stituents of water, organic or vegetable matter,
sand and clay, chemical analysis shows that lime,
soda, magnesia, iron, ammonia and available forms
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash enter into
composition in tn proportions best adapted to
add to its fertility though, of course, is always
the case in soil analysis, its composition varies in
different localities and is not always constant.
The soil OF the uplands, or mesas, lighter and
more gravelly and in some places of a free, loamy,
calcareous character. The mesa lands are warm and
generous. They seem especially adapted for the
grape, olive and citrus fruits generally. Their soil
contains more magnesia, lime or chalk than the
bottom lands 1t never cracks and retains moisture
in 1t is of that character which
will produce wine that will keep good for fifty or
a hundred years, and improve annually, not being
liable to sour, or on exposure to the air, after
year DID, TO become turbid and change color in the
bottle or glass.
We can safely say that the soil of Yuma County
can nowhere be surpassed containing as it does all
5he essential elements of richness and fertility.