The herald., 1895-04-28
SENATOR WHITES VIEWS
He Analyses the Monroe Doctrine
and Its Applications
THE NICARAGUAN INCIDENT
The Clayton Bulwer Treaty and Its
Features
A Statesmaniike, Logical View of the Present
Diplomatic Complications
at Corinto

views as to the application of the Monroe
doctrine and the Clayton Bulwer treaty
to the Nicaragua difficulty, made the fol
lowing statement:
A great deal of Misrepresentation seems
to exist with reference to the Monroe
doctrine. Judging from the statement;
made in some of the newspapers of the
day one might conclude that 1t was oul
| duty to absolutely prevent any foreign
government from collecting any debt due
by an American republic. 1t is wor thy
of comment in view of the present at
titude of Great Britain that President
Monroe was led to make the announce
ment which bears his name, with the
full concurrence of that nation.
On September 26. 1915, there was
formed what was called the "holy ALI
ance'' between Austria, Russia and Prus-
sla the ostensible object of which was
the subsection of politics to the Christian
religion. The real principle. according
to Mr. Wnar.o however. was the estab-
ishment of jure divine autocracies, each
sovereign incorporating in himself the
political power.
The emperor of Russia suggested as
early US 1920 that the United States should
ioin the holy alliance. I
Mr.. Monroe in his seventh annual mes
sage delivered on December 2, 1923, refer
red to the Russian proposition and III
stating his reasons for refusing to recon-
mend favorable action upon it he SAID:
with the existing colonies or depend
encies of any European power we have
not interfered and shall not interfere.
But with the governments who have de-
clared their independence and main
tanned it, and whose independence we
have. on great consideration and on Just
principles, acknowledged. we could not
view any interposition for the purpose
of expressing them, or controlling in any
other manner their destiny by any Euro
pean power, iIf any other light than as
the manifestation of an unirendly dis
position toward the United States.
He further said in the same message:
1T is impossible that the allied pow
ers should extend their political system
to any portion of either continent with
out endar gering our peace and happi-
ness: nor can anyone believe that our
southern brethren, if left to themselves.
would adopt it of their own accord. 1t
is equally impossible. therefore, that we
should behold such interposition, in any
form. with indifference. If we look to
the comparative strength ana resources of
Spain and those new governments, and
their distance from each other. it must be
obvious that she can never subdue them.
1t is still the true policy of the United
States to leave the parties to themselves.
in the hope that other powers will pursue
the same course.
When this message reached England it
was received with more enthusiasm than
is now displayed in that quarter. Sir
James Macintosh, in speaking of the
subject, remarked This coincidence of
the two great English commonwealth
(for so l delight to call Them and | heart
lily pray that they may he forever united
in the cause of justice and liberty cannot
be contemplated without the utmost
pleasure by every enlightened citizen of
the earth. - In Dana's Wheaton it is
said This attitude of the American gov
eminent gave decisive support to that
of Great Britain, and .effectually put an
end to the designs of the absoutist pow
ers of the continent TO interfere with the
affairs of Spanish America
Mr. Webster. in the house of representa-
tives speaking OF MonIoe's declaration,
defined the latter's position thus: The
amount of it was that this government
could not look with Indifference on any
combination to assist Spain in the war
against the South American states for
we could not but consider any such COM
bination as dangerous or unfriendly to
us, and that if it should be formed, it
would be for the authorities of this gov
eminent to decide when the case arose
what course our duty and our interest
should require us to pursue.
Neither Mr.. Webster nor any other
statesman has ever gone SO far as to assert
that we may Justly interfere with for
egn government in proceedings carried
on with the object of collecting damages
| for wrongs done to the citizens or sub.
| jects OF the prosecuting government; pro-
vided, of course, that no occupation oil
territory or destruction OF government be
| contemplated.
Mr.. Clay, when secretary of state, spoke
| OF Mr.. Monroe's message as announcing
"a principle applicable to this govern.
ment which ought hereafter to be in.
sisted upon, that no European nation
ought to be allowed to plant upon il
(Amcrica) new colonies"
1t is significant that congress has never
acted upon Mr.. Monroes suggestion,
although Mr.. Clay at the same session il
which the message was delivered Offered
| resolution in these words: THAT the
people in these states would not see,
without serious inauietude. any forciblt
interposition by the allied powers O
Europe, in behalf of Spain, to reduce tc
their former subsection those parts of the
continent of america which have pro
claimed and established for themselves
respectively, independent governments
and which have been solemnly recog
nized by the United States.
ms resolution never reached vote.
Mr.. Seward. while a senator, in speak
ing of this question, said: 1T is tru'
that each house of congress has declined
to assert it (the Monroe doctrine). but
the honorable senators must do each hous,
the Justice to acknowledge that tn,
reason why they did decline to assert thu
! doctrine was that 1t was proposed, al
many members thought, as an abstraction
not called for at the time"
In Danas Wheaton we are informed
that the kind of interposition declared
against by Monroe was that which may
be made for the purpose of controlling
the political affairs of American states
or of extending to this hemisphere tn,
system in operation upon the continne
of Europe. by which the great powers ex
ercise control over the affairs of othe
European states.
Mr.. Clay, as secretary of state. oil
March 26, 1925, declared that the princi
Pile asserted is that ''We will regard a
! dangerous to our peace and safety an,
attempt on their part (the allied powers
to extend their system to any portion O
this hemisphere. When the congress
of Panama was held our government re
fused to be party to it.
.ssJohn Quincy Adams says that he mad
use of the following expression in con
versation with Mr.. Bancroft regarding
President Folks reiteration of the Mon
roe doctrine: Il said | approved en-
TREY of Mr. Folks repeated assertion @
the principle first announced by Presi
dent James Monroe, in message to con
gress. that the continents of North an
mn tn hn