The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-03-22


near cassium.
The extreme cold of Siberia-where
at Werchojansk, in so 34N n. latitude
and 1889 5l\ +. longitude, "a tempera-
ture of 90.04o below zero +. has been
recorded-is attributed to the fact that
the atmosphere Is not influenced by
the oceanic depressions, and IL high
pressure prevails, with clear weather
and great dryuess. There is no wind.
In the clear atmosphere heat is radlat-
ed away rapidly, and the masses of
cold air are imprisoned 10y the high
mountains to the south aud east.
Hedenstrom and Wrangell have re-
ported on the effects Of this cold At
400 below zero every breath is painful;
old tree-trunks burst; rocks are shattei-
ed with thunder-lke noise; and
streams of water are forced steAming
from the ground, quickly freezing.
After long study, Herr Ottamar Ans
chutz, German pioneer IN instauta-
neous photography, claims to have de-
veloped satisfactory plan for showing
moving pictures. The successive
views are projected on a screen in life
size, being larger than those of the kin
tescOpe.
a German anthropoIogist, DIR. Emil
Schmidt has made an attempt to put
together the fragmentary facts mat
have been revealed concerning the pre-
historic inhabitants of the Mississippi
Valley and the Atlantic slope of the
UNITED States. His results are briefly
reported by DIR. ID. g. Brinton, in Sci
ence. Beginning with the "mound-
builders" he points out numerous rea-
sons for considering them the immedi-
ate ancestors of the present Indians;
going further into Their Identification.
lie decides that the ancestors of the
Cherokees were the mound builders of
the Ohio Valley. The original seat of
the Huron-lroquois family he locates
north of the Great Lakes, and that of
the Algonquin family somewhere to
the south OF Hudson's Bay, where the
Crees are still found speaking IL pure
and ancient dialect. These two great
stocks moved slowly southwark, driv-
ing the mound-hulders from the Ohio.
ahd penetrating into Virginia There
they met the Dakotas, whom they de-
stroyed, except the Tutelows and Ca
tawbas. The Gulf States were peopled
by Muskoghean tribes from the south.
The debated question whether there
was rough stone" or palaeoiithic
age i'll the United States, he answers.
from the evidence in the negative.
The proposed railway to the top of
The Juh9frau, which is 1861 feet high.
has made it desirable to determine the
elect upon employees and passengers
Of trave! to 50 elevated station. Nj.
II. kronecker, who has conducted the
investigation, concludes that moun-
tam sickness sets in at attitudes vary
ing with different persons. Beyond
l0'ooO iett 1t attacks all persons on the
slightest muscular eXertion, but chill
dreu and very old people are much less
subject To it than Others. 1t varies with
the character of the mountains, being
usually less serious on isolated peaks.
Persons in good health can stand pas
slve transport to the height of the
JunStiau without Inconvenience. but
they should not remain more than two
or three hours, rs a prolonged STAY
might prove disastrous. WoIkmen
should he carefully selected. and if
possible acclinlatized or frequently
bstWeen stations; and the
summit station should be so arranged
that full benefit of the view NAV be
had without effort.
Titanium has been prepared by Mois-
san in the electric furnace, requiring
the most intense heat 1t forms friable
having "A bright white fracture.
1t is harder than quartz and steel, and
its silicide aud boride are as hard as
the diamond. Its specific gravity is
4 49,
The estimation of weight has been a
subject of experiment by NJ. Flournev.
who has communicated his results to
the Geneva Society of Physics and
Natural History. Ten objects of equal
weight but different size were placed
before each person tested, with the re-
quest that they be arranged according
to weight. Out Of fifty persons only
one discovered that the weights were
the same The Others all placed a large
empty box as the lightest and a small
metal how filled with lead as the heay-
lest. The apparent weight of bodies
seems to be in inverse ratio TO their
volume. Contact did not affect the es-
as the same errors were held
when the objects We're suspended by
cords, but still visible, and it was only
when the eyes were shut that the
equality of the weights was recog-
nized.
Modern heavy guns are made very
costly, and at the same time much
more subject to wear and tear, by the
work of :iflipg them. The idea of
Swedish engineer Mr.. w. r. Unge.
Is to discard rifling altogether and to
give the smoOth-bore gun itself rotary
or increasing-at the
instant of firing. He has satisfied him
self that the effect upon the proiectile
is exactly the same as is produced by
the constant or increasing twist of an
ordinary rified gun; and he believes
that the adoption of his system, while
giving equal or even improved accu-
racy of fire, will reduce the cost of
heavy guns One-half and double their
Among the feats of modern aseptic
surgery are the removal of large parts
Of such organs as the brain, liver and
lungs, and the entire kindey and
spleen. In recent case the stomach
was nearly all removed to get rid of
malignant growth, the newly-formed
stomach, according to The Medical
Netos of Philadelphia, having capac-
lty corresponding to the volume of a
hens egg. After the third dau the NO.