The Anaconda standard., 1895-12-13
AS To THE RED HAT.
How Princes of the Catholic Church
Are Created.
SKULL CAP AND BIVETTA
Ceremonies by Which Mgr. satolli
VIII Be Elevated to the Position
of Cardlnal-A Ceremony That
Has Existed 500 Years.

Cardinal G1DDons VIII preseiie eaie -
nat to Mgr. Sa,tolh soon after Dec. 10.
Now that 1t is authoritatively and posi-
tfvedy announced that Archbishop Sa-
aoHf ~ about to he made caroanaa, ~
may be not uninterestlng TO tell now =
rarsdtnal 10 made and what ms duties
are In the first place, says the New
York World, the college OF caruinals
consists of 20 members. divided into
three ranks-cardtnal bishops, cardlnai
priests and cardinal deacons. Ot Nhe
former there were six. each on Whoin
has charge of one of the SUBURBAN sees
of Rome. There are 80 priests. eacn Oh
whom holds a title or parish IN rome
and Ia deacons. The latter nolo no u
rles, and may be 1aymen. CardinaI AN
tonelli was a layman and was createo
a cardinal long before his ordinaton.
The words cardinals, cardinare. IN |
cardlnare are found In ante-Nicene &c
clesiasticaa writers, and are used 10 "e |
eignate the fixed permanent ciersy ".
any church-those who were so Dull.
unto Il and necessary 10 Ats being endt
AZ rnie.ht be said to revolve round tnem
as a door round Its hings. they are
t.1us distinguished from those plshops
or priests or deacons, whose connec-
ton with a church was loose or ue"-
porary. 49,, -o ers.
snstituted IN the time of Pope MARCEL
lus (3O4-3O9 A. d. and the pr1ests 70
whose charge they were perinanenaS
committed were styled cardinal priests
Tyae deacons were at first seven IN mum
her ln Imitation of the original apostoi-
DC institution. They were not az nfss
assigned to Iarticular districts, put as
,time went on and various charitapie ln.
stttutlons for the relief OF the SICK anu
poor. with chapels attached 70 men, ,h
arose here and there throughout the
IA regions into which Rome was ulVio-
ed. each deacon had a region, with IT'S
institutions assigned to dts care. Iney
were then styled cardinal deacons, from
the fixed nature or their cnarees. a,
For a long time there was no SUCH
thing as a cardinal bishop, because nne
pontiff himself presided IN home u,
that capacity. But there were severas
blshoprics in the immediate vicinity ol
Rome-namely. Portus, Vat Ihe ost.a na0I,,s
of the Tiber) Ostba. ION the Opposite
side OF the rtver) Proeneste. Sapina,
Trscuhrm. AIbano and st. Auflna-tne
bishops of which appear from the Neiy
eantly times TO have sat dn synod with
the bishop of Rome, which tae'er 1e
veloped into a closer connection.
In the eleventh century these seee
were reduced to six, St. Rufina having
been united to Portus. AL Vne councn
held In Rome in 1858, under N1cnolas
IL. Ct was decreed that popes shou.u
henceforth be elected by the six car
dlnal bishops, who should be the pisn-
ops OF the sees manned.
The number of cardinals fiuctuateo
untal 1856, when Siotus V. ordered ina
the number of cardinals shouia ness' s's'
exceed 20, and the sacred college re
mains at that number to-day.
The cardinals owe their appointments
solely TO the pope. The ponti1, as
rule, announces the names OF those n'
mas appointed at secret consiSvoIs
of the cardinals. Usually at uhe con
sdstor-y following the names are made
In the case of a new cardinal resid
dng near Rome. he ds summoned penor'
the pope, who confers upon MN ul'
beretta, and at the following consist
ory the red hat is given him. In TN
case of a cardinal living any distance
from Rome, a member OF the pope
household, usually a monsdgnore, Is ue
sienated as an ablegate, and, togethe
with a member of the papal guard, I
sent 10 the new cardinal with the zuc
cetto, or sixun cap, the red biretta an
the documents authorizing the invest
ure of the new prince of the churc'
with the biretta-
AS soon as the messengers arrive
the house OF the new cardinal IN
member of the papa1 guard present
him with the slSun cap, then the able
gate is introduced, and after shor
speech asks the cardinal to fix dat
for the bestowing of the biretta.
Mgr Cesare Roucetti was the aple
gate and Count Marefoschi the membe
OF the papal guard who came to thl
country at the elevation OF the lat
Cardinal McCloskey. The biretta wa
imposed by Archbishop Bayley, the
archbishop of Baltimore. The cer'
mony was performed in old st. Pa
r1ck's cathedral, in Mott street. o
April %, 1875, being preceded by
solemn ponfiicaa mass. celebrated .
BISHOP Laughlfn of Brooklyn.
Although Cardinal McCloslSey We
made a member OF the college {
cardinals by Pope Plus TX. he receive
the red nat from Leo XIII. He We
summoned to Rome at the death :
Plus TX, but did not reach there un'
after the election OF Leo. from who
ne received his hat and his title
Santa Maria Sopra Minerva.
In the case OF Cardinal GIBBONS, Me
Straniero and Count Mucciola were %
messengers from Rome. Archbish'
Peter r. Kenrick of st. Louis. M
imposed the biretta in the cathedr
An Baltimore on June 80, 1856, art
a mass celebrated by Archbishop wa
SANS OF Boston. The cardinal went
Rome and was vested with the red h
and the title of Santa Maria dn Trs
tavere.
The raising to the cardinalate as
matter OF fact means the inveSture
three hats-rhe skull cap. or zuccet
the baretta, which Is the same sha
az an ordinary birerta and differs OF
IN color from q priest > OF Disnop =, a
the red hat. This last Is simply h
over the cardinals head by the DO,
and is never worn. At a cardina
death q is laid upon his breast ur
the anterment, when II is suspend
over the sanctuary OF his cathedr
Cardinal McCloskey's may still be -
hanging in the cathedral on Fifth a
nue..
AT the imposing OF the biretta c
dinal makes an oath that within a "
ne viii visit the tombs of the aposti
and A Is while on this visit he usua
goes through the ceremony wtn
makes him a full member OF the Sac
college. This IS the most imports
ana Interesting OF the ceremonies.
day preceding the hour appointed
the public consistory the chief of
college OF apostle cursores, IN full
fetal costume. repairs to the respect
residences of the newly created ca
nals and notifies them in regJ
an.NHa -