davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04
SHALL AND WILL.
Two Words That Perplex Skilled
Writers Even.
A Few Useful Observations on Point in
English Grammar.
New York Evening Post

New York Evening Post.l
AT least three or four generations have
now recognized that the use OF "shall"
and will, )" should" and would" is
STUN bling block to the majority OF Eng
lish speaking persons; and it is as sur
prising as it is deplorable that the i'm
proper, unidiomatic interchange OF these
words, one for the other-especlally the
use of will" and "wonld" in place OF
"shalln and "should"-seems to be al
most unconquerable. 1t requires some
courage to make fresh attempt, as we
now propose to do, to shame the preva-
lent careIessness; but there may he those
who will not turn deaf ear to few
words, and a short untechnical presen-
tation of the facts OF the case may put it
before them in new light.
| We employ two auxiliary verbs to ex-
press the future, using "shall" for the
first person, "willn for the second and
third persons. Of these verbs the one
implies, more or less obscurely, all obli-
CATION, the other volition, and when
using them we do not always have 10 the
mind perfectly simple notion OF
| futurity; associated ideas are often con-
nected with it which induce shades of
meaning in our expressions.
The most closely connected of these
| associated ideas are those involving the
conception OF intention on the part of
the person speaking; and when this con-
ception, and not merely simple future,
is TO be expressed, we Immediately ex-
change one auxiliary for the other; that
s."I Cor we) shall die," is the express
ion of simple future contingency, per-
fectly paralleled by she. you or they will
die;" but "I (or we) will die" convey a
meaning of intention. Earalleled again
by "he, you or they shall die.n Can any
thing be clearer than this? Yet how
often we hear II am afraid l will be
lare." "They say I will find the place
very dull;n sHe tells me we will have
leave to do it;n or."We have decided the
baby will go tomorrow And frequent
ly also, though not SO frequently, such
expressions as II swear shall repay
you, or II doubt whether he shall sue
ceed."
In these cases the meaning is made
evident by the context, and the mistake
of grammar is patent; but in other cases
the whole weight of the meaning rests
on the verb, and demands the strictest
accuracy-a demand frequently unan-
swered. Yet it is not till tle difference,
the immense difference, is felt between
II shall be at home tomorrow, and +"
will be at home tomorrown-not till it il
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04

apparent anomalies in the use of these
verbs are explicable by principles which
it is not possible to go into fully in 40
short an exposition as this, but which
may be hastily referred to. In some
forms of dependent sentences "shalln
and will" are used for the third person
as if it were the first person-that is. in
dependent sentence of which both claus
es concern third person, "shall" is
properly to be used instead of "wilIn to
express simple futurity; so that, while it
is necessary to say He will go,n it is
necessary TO say " He says he shall go.
This is probably due to a dramatic
er, of the person spoken of, making the
usage the same as If the phrase were " II g
says, I shall go'" and it therefore holds
good in the reverse with the use of "will"
-e. 6. He thinks he shall go to Europe"
would properly convey an intention. The
usage is unsettled for the second person;
one mag say either "You say you will
go" or "You say you shall CO." Sir
Edmund Head is of opinion "the speaker
in (this ease) may, as it were, look at the
the sentence with reference either to
himself or to the person whom he is
addressing" But we must repeat that
for the third person the form is fixed:
He says he shall go" and He said he
should go" are the only forms which do
not imply volition. Sir Edmund justly
remarks when considering the occasional
uncertainties sit may be maintained
that as will is sort of interloper, shall
ought always to be employed unless good
canse be shown against it," and he else
where states his belief that "shall" was
the original future auxiliary.
1t may be observed here that where
there is the slightest touch of hypothesis
| Except in the cases in which, case we
have already pointed out, the past tense
has the character of Hypothetical future
| the weight of "shall" and should" is
changed-e. g., "You should go" or He
shall feel it" expresses duty, or eompul-
sion. or destiny; but " If you should go"
or whenever he shall feel itn are the
natural form of our contingent future.
Sir Edmund considers also akin to this
the fact that in interrogative sentences
the form of the first person is SO to speak
preferable for the second person. Thus,
"Shall you 90 to Europe9n is simple
question of fact. "Will you 90 to
Europe?" implies that the person ad-
dressed has not come to a decision.
Whils @Win Cor will we )do it.?"
is wholly inadmissible, except as mean
ing DO you ask if I will do it?n ii used
instead of "Shall do it?" ii. e., cam l
expected to do it?"), it is mistake
1t should not, in passing, be overlooked
that the effect of emphasis on these verbs
is very extraordinary. "The letters,n as
Sir Edmund says, remain the same, but
they are in fact different words" In the
phrases Il will CO." "He shall come"
the verb ceases to be an auxiliary.
| Few better modes of acquiring certain
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04

frances place > retorted. He gave me
his place himself, and 1 will get il OF it will
go wanting candidate. Since yoa tell me
shall not go, tell you that neither shall
you nor any man of your hundred And
tho sergeant's nose.
Observing that had made animpression
on him, went rapidly and almost eloquent
ly to the question of reward. WAS the
proud owner of jinl-crow watch, which in
this day of the Waterbury would be dear at
81. offered him this if he would help NE.
1t was all l had
TO make a long story short, he at last,
after deal of grumbling, accepted. Thar
afternoon, when the ticketed folk were
ordered to fail in for exchange, took the
place of John France and answered to his
name. I had blackened and grimed my
face, arr torn and ripped my clothes. and
with stout cane to limp with, locked as
nearly dead as could. We hobbled and
tottered. rather than marched, to the place
where we were TO be turned over to guard
who would take us to Savannah. There
was d little stream at this place with a
narrow foot bridge. One by one our names
were called, and as fast as identi fed we
were passed across the bridge to the guard
on the other side. At last the officer with
the list called out:
John France
Here l groaned, hobbling forward
with my cane.
Ihe oHcer surveyed me sharply. There
was thirty-second pause. This sort of
thing hadn't occurred before, and my heart
began to hammer my ribs like the throbbing
of an engine; l was sure l was detected,
and that the next thing would be firing
squad a cracking of musketry and the real
John Tarsney would be as dead as the ic-
tilious one, lying stark and mute in the
from where we stood.
What's your name, sr?' at last demand
ed the officer, still cycling like hawk
John France. replied. had resolved to
brave it through.
8 What was your regiment and company?
Company l, -th, Michigan
Where were you capturedf'
'Battle of Manassas l answered. l
knew that was the name rebels bestowed
upon the battle of Bull Run, where France
was captured.
1.-THE officer still glared at me sHpiciou sly
and called the sergeant of my 100. watched
them anxfously while they whispered. But
the Waterbury did its work for once. The
sergeant stood firmly by me. At last the
officer turned TO me again.
You may GLOSS the bridge. he said.
For ward: March'
''It was as if stone had been rolled from
my heart. crossed over TO the right side
of the little stream. My heart was light as
floss. The next day we werez sent per
freight cars to Savannah, where the ex-
change was consummated; United States
transport being allowed to enter the rori
for that purpose. One of the queer matters
of the exchange was the fact that the
officer who had charge for the sconfederates
was VIM. R. Hatch of Missouri. with whom
have served six years in the House of
Representatives. Hatch was confederate
colonel at that time, and I recall him as a
very soldierly parsonage indeed. 1 little
though as passed under Hatch's aye that
day we exchanged prisoners in Savannah
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04

and managed to get enough coffee to make
him few spooHsful. thought it might
brace him up. Then sat down and had 8
talk with him. He said his name was Job1
France. and like myself of Michigan regi
ment. He told me. too, that he had beer
selected for exchange that day.
g But it comes too late, said he. 'snan't
live an hour
sit was he who sugge ted the plot.
''''After am dead he went on, you piI
a paper with your name and regiment or
my coat. Take my name and number your
self. and be exchangd in my place. You'll
have to see the sergeant of my 100 and fix il
with him. If he objects, bribe him with al
you We got, if necessary, not to peach ant
tell who you are. You can fix him and ge
out in my name
''At first the idea didn't strike me fav
BILE. doubted success. And / WASH
at all sure just what form rebel resentment
might take if they detected me escaping
under the alias of man dead and gone
But John France urged me to go.
. You might better risk any chance he
said. You will come down. down. until
you are as you see me here And he held
up hands ike claws.
81 half way assented. The appearance
of John France was very convinc cling
would have gone through storm of lead to
escape his starved fate. He went on and
told me all of the incidents of his capture
the date and the battle: with all of Other
data before and since. so that might stand
any cross-examfnation they might make al
to niy identity.
After bit left John France, as had
certain duties to attend to. ] fixed him te
be as comfortable as he might, and
promised to come back as soon as I had
liberty TO see how he had got along. When
returned in half an hour John France
of the-th Michigan volunteer infaLtry was
dead.
II had made up my mind to take Johr
Frances offer l would assume his name
and claim his exchange. l pulled his body
to one side, where it wouldn't be readil,
observed by chance strollers, and. after
pinning a paper with my name and regi
ment on the breast of his blouse, covered
his dead face with one corner of the blank
ct and came away. That was all could de
for .he dead man. who unlocked Anderson
Vile for my escape,
MY first ousiess was to hunt up the
sergenat OF John Frances 100. found hiu
bull-head. sullen sort of a fellow. He
bluntly refused to permit me to escape in
John Frances place. As LIE would have te
muster and march the prisoners marked fol
exchange.to the place of departure, it was
necessary to gain this man s aid. 'if ss9st.5I
s'sN3 You cam co. he said. roughly. i
France is dead then Ill send some other
1Ia d from my hundred in his stead. ia &c
myself, but my being sergeans queers5 It
They d spot me at once and there wonle
be no one. to muster the men, But yor
can't have the place. Here the sergean,
assume determined air. as one who settled
business. Twas boiling. tie
81 had grown fairly frantic by this time
to get away. and the more dwelt on tb,
chance to escape and reflected on how few
they were and far between. felt like throt
Ting this obdurate sergeant, who stood ii
my way. controlled my wrath as we'll as
could.
1t will be me or nobody who takes Joh1
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04

that one day l should cast my vote for MN
as speaker of the House of Representatives
But this country is full Of surprises u
that sort
We'll. " concluded Representative -ars-
ney, that's the end of the story. and that
how escaped and why poor John france'
with my maine on his head board. sleeps
in my grave at AndersonVille.
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04
HIS FALSE GRAVE.
Representative Tarsney Supposed to
be Dead and Buried.

His Story of Andersonvine Prison-How
He Succeeded in Being Exchanged In
to Union Ranks-NIemorabIe Exper-
ience.
Washington Starr
Down in the cemetery, where are buried
the prisoners who died at andersonville, i"
said Representative Tarsney of Missouri TO
writer for the Star, you will find by head
stone and my grave.
JOHN TARSNEY,
''-th Nj. V. /.
us the way it will read, the M. V. l.,
standing for Michigan volunteer infantry.
"How did it befali that my grave and
maidstone were dug and reared and l still
here to tell of it? The story is simple
enough when one hears it.
Il was II prisoner at Andersonville, and
being young and strong when | arrived and
of presumed good character. was put on
the police force. Just bsfore | came there
had been robberies and murders among
prisoners; certain strong rufians and men
of criminal bent preying upon their weak
comrades. The prisoners held a meeting
and organized court and constabulary.
and after that any villain found robbing
and numbering was hauled up and tried
and executed.
"Well, was on the police. One morning
it was announced that an exchange of pris-
oners had been agreed to, and doctors came
among our various companies to select
those who were sick and about to die for
the purpose o. exchange. The reasons
for selecting the sick and dying were two
fold. Huma nifty for one thing; and then
the next. the confederates were cunning
enough not to send back we'll strong man,
who could go into fight at the front the
day following his return to his regiment.
The men they selected were too far gone
with emaciation and sickness to ever aim
a gun or fix bayonet in war again, and it
was an advantage TO be rid of them.' II
took just that much off their hands.
"Witn method of selecting which took
only the sick and dying of course stood no
show 10 be exchanged. / had been aptured
but few weeks, and was hale and strong
compared with must. Of course L did not
grudge the sick prisoners their luck. but.
as after the other they were ticketed
FOR exchange and their names written down
by the sergeant of their 1U0, could not but
envy them. They were going back to liber-
t. and the Union, / WIS to. remain until ]
had dwindled and broken down to be what
they were. Ieould almost wish 1 We're. as
shattered as they.sso that /, too, might be
selected. s ,ttFf4.Ss 49,
While my thoughts were running on is
exchange then being arranged for, had
occasion to go down toward little stream
which ran through the lines. I heard a
Rroan otto one side. Being of The police i
turned to see what, if anything, was wrong.
1t was early in the morning. hardly light.
indeed. There under some trees lying on
thread-bare blanket. was soldier in al
most his last gasp. I asked him what l
could do for him. He said there was moth
ing to DO. l rustled about and built fire,
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04

Amy-Does Alice Sharpe know you wellF
Sappington-Oh yes. Why, she takes
all sorts of liberties with me. She called
me fool yesterday.
Amy-Did she2 She must know you
quite well-New York Herald.
The Portland daily press., 1895-05-04

His Story of AndersonviIIe Prison-How
He Succeeded in Being Exchanged In
to Union Ranks-NLemorable Exper-
ience.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
Consolidated April II, 1890
SUMMIT.

summit Signal, Nov -, 1859
The man travelling from Kansas who
lost his fourteen head If horses while
camped eight miles south of town one
night last week, found the anlmais near
Webster. lie is not going to try 10 drive
to his destination North Oak ota-but
viii ship from South Shore
Over one hundred Thousand bushels of
gram h@ve been marketed at this station
SO tar this fall and the rush is not nearly
over vet. This is good showing con.
sldering the fact that there IS a compel
ING market II miles To the west. another
> miles 20 the east, another Is miles
southeast, and Waterlown 80 miles
south which draws more than half way.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
in the fire..

That the mortgages have been satisfied
or cancelled does not Obviate the neces-
sity Of having these instruments record
ed, and they should be forwarded at once.
1t will save you trouble and annoy
ance in the future 10 look over your
papers carefully and see It any OF them
were recorded in the books given, and If
50 send them to the register, and they
will be re-recorded for you without ex-
pense.
Parties paying mortgages are also re-
quested to see that they get their old
mortgages back when satisfied, and re-
turn them also for re-recording. By at
tending to this matter Immediately it may
save your property from clouded title,
which may afterwards be expensive to
remove.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
EN- LEX 4
Noyem ber %, ls9;

November -, 1895.
Miss Maggie Black has been on the
| sick list.
Ihreshing isn't a fine Job these wintry
days
School No. |, has tventy-seven pupils
enrolled
Miss Gusts Garrh is home on a visit.
Miss Moor, teacher in No. :, Vernon.
who began her term on the 18th inst, re-
ports an enrolment of twelve.
Mr., +. l. Cary, who is teaching the
Big Tom school, has move! his family
INTO August Mckeys house for this
winter.
Miss Agnes Mickey, who keeps house
fer her brother, Will make a visit to her
parents at Dumont. Minnesota.
Mr. Benjamin Tuttle begins his work
as Uncle Sam $ wallet carrier on Tues
day Nov. Goth. This is great conven-
fence TO the patrons OF the Elmira post
office as they can expect regular service
at last
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
M EI.EeDSE
Tom

November 81, 1895.
Prof. Vaughn OF Brltton arrived last
Saturday and commenced teaching IN
i No >, Monday We were mlsintormed
when Ne stated that f. w. Meehan
would teach in that district
/ There will be a donation party at the
residence OF } c.. Reeve Tuesday even
| ing for the benefit Of the pastor Rev
Satterlee. On account of poor health
Mr.. SaJerlee has given up the appoint
ment IN Melrose. Rev. Grey Of Twin
Brooks has consented to hold services
semi monthly during the winter, com
menclng Sunday December 8. The hour
OF meeting having been changed to half
pas. two o'clock
Mrs. Aug Fraipoint is again on the
sick list.
Mrs. Kerns and daughter Miss Anna
arrived from Andover last week and is
spending few days with her sons j. NJ.
and Ed Carr.
The Melrose Literary had its first re
gular meeting Saturday night.
On account of the absence of some Of
the debaters there was an irregular de-
bate on the Hayward question. A vote
of the members was taken and they de-
ceded that Harry Hayward should have
been lynched. Among those present
we're Messrs w. E. Jennings and John
Ehrle of Corona, whom we are pleased
to say have joined the society.
SIMPLE SILLY
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
MOT.

Courant Nov. q, 1898.
Rev. VIM. Schlein is now resident
pastor of the German Methodist charge
in this vicMity in the place of Rev. L. c,
Buehlmever, who went to Hamlin
county pasterate.
JohnPerkins has returned from Lien
for the winter and has taken a position
with Cable the druggist.
Republican, November %, 1895.
Preparations are being made to or
the coming month.
E. J. Forman, a young Twin Brooks
attorney, has formed partnership with
Attorney Bell OF Milbank. and will have
charge of the office in this city
John Paul, an Indian lad who has
been stealing horses and committing
other devilty during the past year, was
brought to this city by Agent Keller Of
the Agency last Saturday afternoon,
after trying to burn the jail in which ho
was confined at that place, and put in
the care of Sheriff Ba5b. Monday
morning he was brought before Justice
Munro and given sentence IN the re-
form school at Pankington, where he
was taken by Sheriff Babb.
Wimot Reporter, November %, 1895
Edward Richardson, who lately return
ed from Brookings College, commenced
teaching a term OF school in the Minder
istret, Lake Twp, on Monday.
A settlers convention has been called
to meet at Sisseton Dec. 7th for the pur-
pose OF adopting some measures looking
toward the reduction in the price Of
homestead lands on the reservation.
Messrs Norton and Linquist have dis
posed OF the he Forest Wood farm IN
Springdale Twp. to ]. c. O'Bryan, con-
sideration $500. Mr.. O'Bryan has
claim over in the hills but has no doubt
bettered his condition in getting out into
more settled locality.
Messrs. Hopkins, Crago and Gardner,
arrived in town again last Saturday with
q party OF land seekers including E.
Conlan and daughter. We understand
that Mr.. Conlan purchased 800 acres OF
land IN Lake Twp. and will 90 into the
dair, business. Others OF the party also
invested In land in this vicinity. Rot
erts county land is being rapidly bought
in by mon who will make homes here
and thereby add to the general prosper
ity. One need not 60 west Of the hills
to find good farming land. There is
plenty right here IN the Milestone Val
ley.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
ONE HAPPENINGS.

pat Thursday No. l Northern
o.2, 3sc,
at Watson's and see the Perfec-
prum.
Stafford, the Twin Brooks wheat
vas county seat visitor Tuesday.
Blooming Valley correspondent
ls thanks tor good health and the
abbits.
!. A. Freeborn, the eye and ear
INST, will be at the Hotel st. Hubert
'asultation on Tuesday the 10th
= hnme, one Of the early residents
: o'one township was a attending to
'ss IN the city Tuesday.
keady has established tele-
me between his residence and
. hseser's drug store building.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
TWIN BROOKS.

Nov. q, 1895.
Ed Rogers, two miles east OF here, re-
ports the arrival OF brand new daughter
on the 10TH inst.
Wm. Paul and Fred 3ohn, two Ger
man farmers near here have gone 70
North Carolina where they will move IN
the spring if they like the country.
Misses Matte Story and Clara Dali
man have been sick the past few days
but are better at this writing.
Hiram Roberts has obtained q SIX
months leave Of absence form his farm
IL tie hills and has moved to Alban.
Frank Hutchinson made trip 70
Gracevii!e, Minnesota, the first OF the
week tovisit his brother who IS employ
ed at station work there.
ANON.
The herald-advance. (Milbank, S.D.) 1890-1922, 1895-11-29
tsIs.>INNE.

Bgstone Headlight Nov II, 1885
The new county plat OF the city OF Big
Stone City and additions and parks
which has been IN preparation by Deputy
State Surveyor A. w. Movius. is now
completed and was taken to the county
seat Wednesday and certified to Mr..
Movius. 1t is a fine and accurate piece
OF work, and is valuable property
lnkpa Lodge |. @. O. =, INDUCED in
a festive time Thursday evening. After
having initiated sundry new members.
they proceeded to Hotel Commercial
where an oyster supper was awaiting
them. Landlord Robinson had arranged
a table 'c reach all way cross the dining
room, where the members OF the order
could be assigned IN the same manner as
in their lodge room.