Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1895-05-16

We're sent by England. france lau
Talleyrand and Dalberg. Peace in this
instance meant reconstruction and the
map of Europe underwent its second
memorable change of the early cen
fury. Of the men of the congress OF
Vienna, Nesselrode lived till 1862, Met
ternich till 1859, and Czarioryski, who,
as foreign minister of Russia also at
tended the congress, till 1861.
In 1918 came the congress of AK In
Chappelle. to which England sent its
great Canning and France it's Due de
Richelieu. AK Ia Chappelle accom-
plished little except to rid France of
the army of occupation.
In 1920 and 1921 came the congresses
at Trappan ana Laybach, whose re-
pressive work made possible the revo-
luton Of 1913.
London's Great Conference.
In 1880 the great London conference
declared Greece independent, and Met
ternich, boiling with rage at the union
of Russia and England in behalf of
heroic Greece, remarked: Not till now
does Europe know what it has lost in
Castlereigh." But Europe has long
since decided that Canning'S policy of
intervention was a powerful stroke OF
timely diplomacy. The London confer
ence also accomplished the division of
the Netherlands into the kingdoms of
Holland and Belgium, thus ending the
religious war which had h'%un with
that now hstor" renditio' uf the opera
Massaniello in Brussels.
From 1880 to 1913 there were few
real peace congresses iii Europe. 1t
was the "2turm md dmng" period
which Mpt}grnirh In So accurately
predicted. Iii 1851 III" |chirSwig-lIol-
stein wars agaiNS, il%"""rk were
ended by the truce of E";,.M. and in
1856 the peace OF Paris co"rluded the
great Crimean war, and H""ked with
success the policy of Louis Napoleon,
of Lord PalmerSton and Lord STRAIT
ford. Aside from the cesSiauS of terri
tory. the peace Of Paris established
several notable international principles.
These were the total nholition of
privatcering, the principle that
blockade to be binding must be effec-
tive, and the further declaration that
a neutral flag covers an cncmy's goods,
except contraband of war. not liable TO
capture under an enemy'S flag.
1t was just before the Paris confer
ence that Frederick William of
Prussia, then already somewhat weak
wrote the following to the
English minis ter resident: "All direct
help which England in UNCHRlS-
TIAN FOLLY!Mn gives to Islam
AGAINST CHRISTIANS, will have
besides Gods avenging judgment
(hear. hearD, no other effect than to
bring what is now Turkish territory
ut q somewhat later period under Rus
sian dominion"
But the Crimean period had brought
q new group of statesmen 10 the front.
Bismarck was devoting himself to the
internal affairs at home. GortSchakotf
appCared for Russia both at the pre-
liminary conference of Vienna and the
final conference of Paris. Lord Clar-
cndon represented England ana CaVour
gained the distinction Of having the
house of Savoy ana Sardinia repre-
scented as Il power.
In 1858 the treaty of Tien Tsin, fol-
lowed by the peace of Pekin i'll 1860,
opened the interior of China to trade.
In 1860 the peace Of Villefranche and
tho+ of Zurich which ended the war of
Austria against Sardinia and France,
paved the way for the establishment
Of the kingdom of Italy Cavour sur
rendered Savoy and Nice to Louis Ma
roleon, but gained Modena and the
papal states. MaTZina and Garibaldi
brought about the tiIal peace which
cave Italy to Victor Emanuel
Peace Of Vienna.
In 1864 the pear" Of Vienna gave
SchlcSwig- tn Austria ana
Prussia. and the peace of Prague IN