Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1895-12-08

ana increasing the MuScONlle uOSlliiIy.
Austria, by her geographical position,
has long been the foe Of Turkey, and aa
Russia grew in power the two nations
combined their efforts whenever prac-
ticable. Peter the Great took up the
fight soon after he came to the Russian
throne, but was badly worsted by
Baltaji Mohammed, the Grand Vizier,
who captured Peter and most of his
army In Moldavia. A pause then en-
sued until 1869, when Russia again de-
clared war. overran Moldavia and Wal
lachia, caused the Greeks to revolt, con-
quered the Crimea, crossed to the south
bank of the Danube, and finally wrung
from Turkey the right Of free nayiga-
ton of the Dardanelles and the Dan
ube. advanced the Russian frontier to
the river Bug, gave Russia the right OF
protectorate over a number of the Dan
ubian municipalities, and guardianship
over Greek churches in Turkey. 1t was
this treaty which caused Russia to set
up the claim OF
A RIGHT TO PROTECT
all Christian subjects of the Sultan, a
! claim which is still maintained to
whatever extent England will allow.
The treaty thus concluded did not last
for long. The Empress Catharine, in
1888 Joined hands with Austria in a
new war against Turkey, the avoWed
object being the expulsion OF the Turks
from Europe. Defeat everywhere fell
UPON the forces Of the Sultan, and few
more months of campaigning would
have ended the reign of the Crescent on
ewesternghoreofthe BosphOrus. Eng
lasd, however, came to the rescue. she
formed an alliance with Holland and
Prussia. Russia was distracted by a
revolt stirred up in Poland, and Turkey
was maintained upon the map OF Eu-
rope
The next serious attempt upon the
government of the Turks, strangely
enough, came by way of Africa, al
though It had it's inception In Europe.
On the first day of July, 1898, Napo-
leon landed a French army in Egypt,
and within a year 1t appeared within
the probabilities that Turkey in Asia
would be overrun and Constantinople
attacked from the ancient point OF as
sault. the east. England was at war
with France, and interposed all her
efforts again on the side Of the Sultan.
Nelson's victory in the Bay Of Abukir,
August l, 1898, was followed, IN the
spring OF the ensuing year, by Sir Sid
new Smiths heroic defense OF Acre
NAPOLEON was compelled to retire from
Asia and eventually from Africa, and
this crisis was past. In 1907, at Illslt'
the Emperor Alexandria proposed to
Napoleon the partition Of Turkey, but
II did not meet with favor, and the
Porte
WAS NO. SERIOUSLY MENACED
again until 1910. when Russia declared
war upon Turkey, but little came OF II.
Under the Sultan Mahmud II. Turkey
appeared to have entered upon more
rberal policy. but soon the cries OF out
ragged Greece aroused the attention OF
the civilized world Russia was proVok-
ed to the point of declaring war by Cne
execution Of Gregory, the head OF the
Greek church in Constantinople, ana m
1898 Car Nicholas invaded Turkey
with his armies swept aside all opposl-
non crossed the Balkans, and was
swoop,ng down upon Constantinople
when England and Austria called man,
the treaty CT Adrianople resulting.
Meanwhile tie Greek revolt continued,
and the Sultan called upon Mehemet
All. Pasha Of Egypt, for AID. Inc Wa1
which followed attracted the attention
OF all mankind. Largely through uhe
influence and example of Lord Byron,
who proceeded to Greece in the fall Oh
1928. England for the first time took
sides against Turkey, and the turkish
Fgvntian fleet was annIhilated at Nava-
rino by the combined fleets Of England,
Russia and France. England soon
Withdrew. however, and the Sultan IN
voked the aid CT the whole Mohammedan
world slaughtered the Jan-ssaries, and
declared war on Russia. The newt
able followed. Russia Invaded turkey
overran the Danube provinces, anu pen
etrated to Adr.anople, where treaty
was signed which gave Russia addltloh-
al and vas5 advantages, secured the IN
deDendence Of Greece and gave Russia
= vast indemnity, which, however was
not collected but held over the SULTAN
AS q menace. Pasha Mehemet All re-
fused to swallow this allOpathic dose,
and rebelling forced Turkey into
THE STRANGE POSITION
Of an alliance with Russia. This was
arranged by the treaty of Hunkiar-
Skelessi. in 1888. wherein, among other
things. Il was stipulated that the Darda-
nelles should be open 10 Russia anu
closed to England and France. Mean
while Mehemet All was putting up
stiff fight. he Turkish fleet went over
to him at Nisib, and the Turkish army
was defeated at the same place. But
the Turkish treaty with Russia dld not
suit England, who induced France 10
unite with her in compelling Turkey 10
abrogate It. Russia finally consented
TO nullify the treaty, and then united
with England, Turkey and other powers
to whip Mehemet Ali into SUBMISSION
which was soon accomplished.
Peace reigned for a few years, but noq
for long. Turkish oppression and IN
Justice led to revolts along the Danube,
in Albania. and on the Greek frontier
which increased to such proportions in
1913 and 1S49. as to make It certain that
another terrible war was not far Off
The Car Nicholas was then fresh from
mis- share IN the subjugat.on Of the Hun
garian government, and conscious Of
his power. and thinking to win the aid
or at least the consent Of England to a
fresh attack upon Turkey, proposed the
PARTITION OF TURKEY.
It was about this time that Nicholas
coined the term "the sick man Of Eu-
rope" as applied to the Turks. eve
have on our hands" said the Car, "a
sick mana very sick man; I tell you
frankly it would be a great misfortune
if he should give us the slip some Of
thesa davs- especially II II happened be-