davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-01-28
= Brewers of the Celebrated

be desperate one indeed" ct is
more desperate now.)
"The law--The law our city Off
Gals solemnly swore to obey and
defend, provides that a sinking
fund shall be created from each
years taxation to meet the inter-
est and principal Of our bonded in
debtedness. This being so, why did
the San Antonio National bank
have to come to the rescue Of our
credit abroad and pay the
interest and charge the amount
to the city's indebtedness?
Why was the interest not paid
from the interest fund? (Yes, why
not, when 1t is being done now by
the Paschal-Elmendorf govern
ment that begun with nothing and
yet by its economy, used Its re-
ceipts to advance our credit) "And
il there was no money in such
fund, what became of the money
collected for that purpose? -
This question of two years ago
ought to be answered now; surely
the Express could get this infor-
nation for its readers II 1t tried,
perhaps the best answer is when
people only draw out and never
put it, it becomes sinking fund.-
But 1 guess we have gusted friend
Pancho, our we'll known friend,
enough for one day. Next we will
take February 9th, 1898.
(To be Continually
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-01-28

frequently used by the Callaghan-
Shardeinites in referring to their
opposition. Is the man who pays
large sums in taxes every year
(this does not apply to Mr.. Gala
CHAM to be sneered at because he
takes an interest in having good
city government aud wants to see
his money devoted to public, not
private interest? Is he to be float
ed because he wants to know how
much of a tax Indebtedness has
been placed upon his property, and
what became OF the money expend-
ed to create that Indebtedness?
(Hurrah the editor had no flies
on him when he wrote the above
article nor the one followingD
"The spokesman Of the Gala
ghan-Shardein combine have not a
minute to devote to letting the
people know whether they favor
the administration policy prevail
ing for some years, or what their
mayor and council would do for
the city il elected; but they have
they have days to devote to circu-
lating false and misleading state
ments, concerning the gentlemen
on the Paschal ticket (history re-
peats itselO and trying to create
prejudice against them by misrep-
resentation Of the facts. A cause
with only such dependence must
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-01-28

his hands for the very thing he op-
posed)
of there are any more men in
the city willing to trade their po-
litical birthright for job let
them apply to Callagh an, Shar-
dein & Co"
Well, we must not stop too lon &
on any one day of the editors virtu
| GUS indignation over the fear that
Mr.. Callaghan would rule the city
again, so we will now take up
Wednesday, February Sth, 1898,
and read.
"The Callaghan variety Of cana
ry' makes very expensive music"
and again, of Mr.. Callaghan has
yet furnished Captain Shardein
with a policy will he kindly let the
people look at it," Gle will get the
com missioners court to grant right
Of way for sewer pipe)
"The policy Of the Callaghan-
Shard einites is being developed. 1t
| is "secure the offices; by hook or
by crook secure them"
District Attorney Levy is hav-
ing an unpleasant job now, investi-
eating the securing Of offices by
hook or crook, for the ring, that the
Express wanted to burst in Feb
ruary, 1898, was still ring in No
vember, 1S94.)
"a barrel has been carried around
| the streets labeled "Vote for Pas
chal," but up to date the cyprians
of the city have not paraded. per-
Grated and resoluted In his in
t rest" (Elmendorf is in the same
fl (, the cyprians have not resoluted
for him.
at Is now suddenly discovered
that George Paschal as district
attorney should have been a
mind reader and therefore familiar
with all the peculiar measures
and methods of city (Callaghan)
administration. (There was some
talk once that he had some indict-
ments drawn in regarding to the
handling Of municipal funds, but
am not certain about that, as it is
said that it sometimes cannot be
found out whom the grand juries
do indict.)
"The Express hopes no candidate
for alderman on the Paschal (now
Elmendorf ticket could be indicted
! to pledge himself to any scheme
looking only to the advantage
of a few individuals to secure votes
for themselves. 1t does not believe
, there is a man on the ticket who
would not, like General Russ, pre-
fer defeat to disappointing those
who selected him as a candidate
1t was to put a stop to such prac
/ tices that the Paschal ticket wa
put forward" well, well, the Elk
press was right for once, there wa
no such man on the Paschal ticket
J when it was given to the people, a
q Gods send in their hour Of trou
BILE, and there is no such q man OIL
! the stronger Elmen dorf ticket pre-
sented now.)
, "Silk stockings" 10 an expression
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
THE Dooetlff49,RY- otlf9,
PROFITABLE BUTTER MAKING

OOLf feSponu0n00 u inc progressive Farmer.
I think that it will make everQ one
who owns COWS better dairvman To
sit down and compare the present
price of butter with that of other farm
products.
1t is not necessary here to make quo
tations on grain, vegetables and pork,
common agricultural products, for we
all know how low they are, but let us
think a moment on butter.
Butter that has any decent quality
about it at all is in most localities
bringing not less than twenty cents per
pound, and it should be accounted poor
milk that will yield less than five
pounds of butter to the hundred weight.
Can't you see that if you judiciously
put some Of the cheap grain into your
COWS now, the twenty cent butter that
it will make will pay you better than
any other farm product?
If you should so prefer you can let a
creamery do the making for you, but
the profits of this plan will depend
largely on your own capability as a
butter maker.
hear some say, ''But my milk will
not produce near five pounds of butter
to the hundred"
Perhaps you do not know how much
it could be made to produce, for you
may not be getting the butter all out
of it.
The Babcock test will tell you what
per cent. of butter it ought to yield, and
it is your duty to your own interests to
employ a method of cream extraction
that will give you practically all the
butter fat.
The old careless way of setting the
milk in pans and crooks in the kitchen
pantry will not do this, nor will it re-
suit in butter of good quality and
flavor.
The dairy room must be entirely
separated from the living apartments,
and means taken to secure all of the
cream. This can be accomplished by
correctly practicing the cold deep set
ting or Swedish system, and if prac-
ticed in a good portable creamery
many economies and conveniences
will result.
Whether your method be by cold
deep setting of the milk, or extraction
by the hand separator, keep the whole
process, including the butter making,
entirely apart from the kitchen. If
you don't your butter may not bring
more than a shilling pound.
Bear constantly in mind above all
things that after you have secured
good COWS and feed them scientifically,
and practice all Of the arts of fine but
ter making, you still may not be max
ing money because your skim milk is
too rich.
It is very important to think on and
act on these facts now at the beginning
Of winter, when butter making is so
far ahead of other farm interests in
point of profit. GEO. E. NEWELL.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
POOR FEED, POOR MILK.

The COW is a machine for turning,
food into milk, and it matters not how
good the machine is, it cannot work
without material to work upon. Just
how to feed in order to realize the
largest profit is a question on which
there is a diversity of opinion. Some
think it pays to feed corn, bran, and
chopped stuffs. Others are of a differ
ent opinion, but are satisfied with q
smaller quantity of milk, if it is made
from unmarketable produce and pas
ture Now, those who feed beef cattle
know that if they do not give their cat
tie more than will merely supply the
requirements of life, they will never
make beef, and it is just go with cows
it is the extra food over and above
what is actually required to keep the
machine in working order, that can b.
turned into milk. The dairyman thab
is afraid to put IN this extra food for
fear he will never see it again, Is Ike q
man who, after being at the expense OF
building a mill, is afraid to buy wheat
tn grind in it. As far as theory liz con-
earned. one would think that If all the
profit is derived from the extra food
the more of it the better. But to judge
from the practice of many, it sevident
they are unbelievers.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO TO-
BACCO.

The tobacco worm, or horn caterpll-
lar, is the chief pest of the tobacco field.
It is the larval stage of the large and
beautiful night flying moth PlegethOr1-
tiats Carolina. TEE moths usually ap-
pear in June and July, and the female
lays her eggs singly on the upper sur
face of the leaves of the tobacco plant
The eggs hatch in about "a hours and
the worms at once begin to eat. They
soon bore through the leaf and there
after feed upon the upderside. The
''worm" reaches it's full growth
in August or September, and
soon after leaves the plant and
burrows into the ground, where
i5 enters into the pupal stage
and remains dormant until the succeed
ing summer. Some times the earlier
Matched worms complete their trans
formation and the perfect moth issues
in the fell and lays eggs upon the sec
ond growth tobacco, upon which the
worms mature and enter the ground as
above stated.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03

tion of potash and phosphorus in some
form, and if the land is very poor add
nitrogen, we may reasonably expect a
paying crop and renovating crop at
the same time.
October is a good time to SOW. Plow
deep with a two-horse plow, cut up the
land thoroughly with disc harrow,
followed by smoothing harrow, then
SOW your seed either with hand soWn
or seed drill, and follow with drag or
a roller. If manure is used put on the
land broadcast before it is turned, or
just ahead of the disc harrow. If com
mercial fertilizer is used put on just
ahead of the disc harrow.
About five hundred pounds Of com
mercial fertilizer will suffice, cay 200
pounds of phosphorus, 200 cotton seed
meal, and 100 kainit, From ten to fif
teen pounds of seed are sown to the
acre.
Cut when first heads begin to mature
next season, greza lightly afterwards;
but again second season, and turL4
under sod in time to make a corn crop.
B IRBY,
Prof. of Agriculture N. G. College of
Agriculture.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
WALNUT CUL TURE AT THE
SOUTH.

E. T. ". Wilmington, ~ CT have
about three and half acres of land
for which have no Us9 now; it has
grown up to pines. How will it do to
plant it to our native walnuts, say
15x15 feet, making about 1876 trees to
the acre2 What would be the best
time to plant7 How should they be
plante69 What kind of manure is best
to use7 What age nuts are besU9 Should
they be planted with the outside hulls
on them or not9
ANswER.-Clear the pines away and
get the land in good order. Do not
burn the pines on the land, as the ashes
will be worth less than the vegetable
matter you will destroy in the burning.
Keep the walnuts in the outer cover
till ready to plant, for if they are
allowed to become dry, they will not
grow well. Check out the land eight
feet each way, and at teach intersection
plant two or three nuts to insure a
stand. The planting should be done
this fall as soon as you can get the land
ready. Cultivate the first season as
you would corn, and take out the sur
plus trees in the fall so as to leave one
at each place. These surplus trees will
be of use to replace where there has
been failure. At the end Of the sec
ond year, you will have lot of trees
that will be of saIable size and you may
dispose of all so as to leave the trees
standing Is feet each way. In the
course of time, you will find that this
is too close; but by that time the trees
will have attained a size that will give
them some value as timber, and an
other thinning as before may be made,
leaving them 80 feet apart. Acid phos
phate and potash will make a good
dressing for the trees while small, but
it will hardly pay to manure them at
all. They should be we'll cultivated
till July each year, and then the ground
sown to peas, on which hogs could be
pastured in the fall when mature, pro
provided they have nose jewels to pre-
vent their roofing. The soil treated in
this way will soon get fertile enough.
W. T. MASSEY.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
CHURNING AND sALrrNG.

There are very few farmers wives
who ever think of using Thermometer
with the churn. Some times the but
ter will churn in ten minutes and SONS
times it will take hours Another
reason why dairy butter is poor and Of
uneven quality is that farmers wives,
take the milk and skim it and pat the
cream In crock; the next night they
do the same, and continue doing so
until they have sufficient for churn-
ing. The consequence is that the
cream has not the same consistency,
some of it is acid and some is sweet; it
has not all ripened. 1t is placed all to-
gether in the churn, without any re-
gard to the temperature, and some
times it comes out white, curdy or
stringy, and they are never sure what
they are making. Cream requires to-
be ripened. The uneven quality of our
butter arises from ignorance Of th0
process of butter making, and the wants
OF attention to details. Butter Is gen
orally too much salted for an export
article. Butter with half an ounce Of
pure pulverized salt to the pound suits
the English market best That is half
the quantity the United States dairy
men use.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
QUALITY OF BUTTER OF THE
BREEDS IN THE WORLDS
FAIR TESTS.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
ALI the butter made in the Chicago
tests was scored by experts, appointed
by Chief Buchanan, who were prac
tical men, standing high in their call
ing. A sample of the butter was taken
each day by the butter maker. This
butter was scored about once week.
None of the judges scoring had any
means of knowing what butter they
were judging. When the scores were
made up they were sent to Chief Bu-
chanan, who, after detaching the names
of the scorers, sent the scores to the
Testing Committee for entry and rec
ord. It was impossible for the judges
to know what butter they were scoring,
except such knowledge as they would
obtain of the general characteristics OF
the breeds. The scale of points was as
follows: Flavor, 55; grain. 25; solidity,
10; colCr 10. The prices allowed for
the butter were as follows:
That acOPiTn from
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03

districts where the heaviest crop was
expected. The shrinkage, while not
serious, is enough to reduce the aver
age yield for the country to moderate
ngures. While the total crop is the
largest ever grown, it is the result of
the heavy acreage rather than an over
abundant yield. Central Illinois, Kan.
sas and local districts in Iowa are most
affected by this diminished expecta
tion. To all outward appearances ears
as they hung in the husk were filed,
but an actual handling Of the crop as
reported by American Agriculturist's
complete corps of correspondents in
every surplus State develops the fact
that the hot, dry weather experienced
during the last six weeks of the grow
ing season caused some premature
ripebing, shortened the ear and left the
grain tri1e chaffy. OF course these
conditions, In extreme, only occur in
rather limited districts, but the dam
age in the aggregate was large
The acreage was estimated in July at
81 763, 900 acres, and our final investi
cation makes but little change, the
area harvested being estimated at 81.
488, 900 acres. The average yield is re-
turned at 81 bushels, making total
crop of 2, 2,272, 378 600 bushels. The rate
of yield is less than bushel above the
yield from the crops of 1889 and 1891
but the total product is 100 900, 900
bushels larger than in 1889, the largest
previously grown. The detailed crop
by States is estimated as follow:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03

he best time to sell butter is when
first made. The longer it is kept
larger its deterioration both in
llity and quantity. Is may surprise
ne people to know that butter loses
weight, and if much exposed to the
this loss is a material one when the
ce is high. There is some water in
. butter, and as the water evaporates
: place is filled by air. This intro
'es germs into the butter and Injuries
keeping qualities.
houthern rice planters are complain
OF the low prices and in many sec
rs are little encouraged to put in the
Ia acreage next year. Large grow
, where we'll situated, are as a rule
disturbed. Many small farmers in
lcasieu county, La, have stacked
If rice, permitting it to go through
70 sweating process before threshing.
? feeling there is bitter against the
ust," claiming the middleman gets
'rly all the profits, and many grow
are disposed to hold their rice.
Dry corn cobs do not burn with a
Y fierce flame, but saturate two or
zee Of them with kerosene oil and
" will easily light fire. They are
b very best material for this purpose.
they will hold more oil than anv
Id of wood. 1t is by saturating soma
ng with kerosene oil that this
0uld always be used for kindlinp
%. There is no danger from kero
le if it is used in this way, and it if
quick way to make brisk fire OF
ID mornings when getting the fire go
: quickly is an important item fo
mfort.
1t is a mistake to begin feeding stocl
at has recently been at pasture will
e coarse fodder exclusively. SOM
ain should go with it, else the anima
sy get a setback which no after fooC
eling will overcome. OF course tn,
nutritious fodder has to be fed a
metime. It is well to give at fret, ant
: the animal eat what it will of this
wing a better feed at noon and a
ght. Stock that is fed three times
Y always has the best appetite in th'
erning and it is then that the, les
aatable and nutritious portions of th'
@on can best be given.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03

the butter of the various breeds. An
examination of the average price per
pound or the butter in the 80 and so
days tests will show that the JerseV
butter was the highest in quality in
notn, the average price per pound for
the three breeds being as follows. In
the 80 days test-Jerseys, 4Oss 1OOc :
Guernseys, 40 33 100; Short Horns, 4Oe.
In the 30 days test-Jerseys, As $1,000. ::
duernseys, 45 SO 1OOc.; short-Horns,
40 90 1OOc. These figures prove MOST
eoncluslvely that the Jersey butter
was that possessing the highest quality
--@ 49,
Western dairymen labor under a.
great disadvantage in the fact that
usually the water they give their COWS
Is surface water, and not to be COM
pared with the clear spring water which
the dairymen of New Engl- nd and the
dairy regions of New York have in,
great abundance. This matter of pure
water will probably always give the
dairymen of the East an advantage.
They have also sweeter and better pas
lures than can be found in the Western
States, where the soil has only been
turned to dairying after it's mineral
plant food has become too exhausted to
grow grain with profit.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03

The hog has less hair than other do
mestic animals, and it is especially
liable to be injured by dampnesa
Where a number of pigs are kept to-
gether they will pile over each othergr
and if the quarters are at all damp,
they will be reaking with sweat and
wet in the morning. In most places
the feeding place is much less protected
from the wind than is the sleeping pen.
We have often seen hogs reused from
their warm bed and standing shivering
with cold while eating their breakfast.
In this way many fattening hogs take
severe colds. This, of course, interfereg
with their thrift, and, what is even
more important, the pork made FROM
such hogs will not be healthful for
those who eat it.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
That scoring from

Those who have followed these tests
are aware that the Jerseys won at
every point quantity of milk, guam
tity of solids other than butter fat,
quantity of butter, quantity of cheese,
and in net profit. But it is an import
ant matter to determine which OF the
breeds produced the highest quality OF
butter. Inasmuch as that scoring
highest was rated at the highest price,
the value per pound of butter fixed
under the scoring before referred TO
will determine the relative merits OF
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03

An Arkansas editor says of his States
s'We have mountains so high that you.
can tickle the feet of the free silver
angels in heaven, and gorges 80 deep
that YOU can descend to their base and
hand down ice to the goldbugs In the
internal regions. - Peoples Pilot.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-12-03
RED CLOVER AS A RRNovAToR.

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
Every one who raises stock recog-
nizes the value of clover as feed stuff,
but few appreciate its true value as a
renovator. Glover can be proftably
grown in many sections of the South
where it is now not even known. Some
one will try to grow it in a spasmodic
way, and failing, will publish it far and
near that red clover in the Gulf States
is failure; or that it's growth cannot
be depended on in the South Atlantic
States.
1t is true that it makes poor growth
on light sandy soil, but there are sec
tions in all the Southern States that
are well adapted to the growth of clover
as far the soil is concerned. The long
hot summers and occasional drougths
are of course damaging. The bad
effects Of summer can be somewhat
overcome by planting in the fall and
allowing the crop to grow through the
winter and make what it will before
GQ0 nOG W6dGu6F comes on.
The second trouble is liable to occur
anywhere and can be obviated to
great extent by deep preparation of
the soil, and deep drainage. In this
way our cultivated crops are bridged
over a drouth and of course the same
holds good for clover.
So any lime, clay, loan, or any
soil inclined to be stiff, that is
well drained and plowed deep will
grow clover, provided it has enough
fertility in it to give the clover a good
start But this last proviso is the idea
that is to be impressed. Glover is one
of the best renovators, but it requires
considerable encouragement on poor
land. Like the Poland China hog it
will make splendid returns for extra
attention.
On this soil it is often not only advis,
able, but even necessary to manure the
crop to start with. 1t is quite com
mon practice in some sections to give
a top dressing of land plaster, but on
naturally poor soils; or those worn
down to the clay, a good supply of
fertility must be added in some form.
Manure is the surest fertilizer to use,
but the immense cost procludes the
possibility of using it on large areas
The barnyard manure is good as far as
goes, but the trouble on our Southern
farms is it does not go far enough.
Now we must look about for sub
stltute. We want to renovate the land
and we select clover to do this, but the
clover must get some help. What will
1t be? 1t seems that some thing rich in
nitrogen would be called for, as clover
Is a neavy nitrogen feed, but such is
not the case, for just there is where
cioVer Is such cheap renovator. 1t
has the peculiar faculty of STORING I'm
nitrogen, which IS the most expensive
OF the three essential elements, in fact
IL costs over twice as much as the nbos
phorus or potash and more than botb
combined.
1t does seem that the matter of 20.
storing worn soils is very much simpIi
fed. If it is possible to store up nitro,
gen in an available form in the soil. to
say nothing of the phosphorus and pot
ash also laid up for future use, we can
soon bring poor soils up to a high state
of cultivation.
In addition to this movement in the
soil we are growing a valuable feed
stuff. So with good, liberal applica-