davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17
AGRICULTURE.

The low prices of wheat are due,
among other things, to great production
in recent years, to reduced cost of pro
duction, and to increased area of the
wheat land; 10000 square miles of fine
wheat country have been opened up in
Texas, and twice as much in the Indian
Territory of most fertile land is just be-
ginning to be productive-all this in ad
dition to the greater competition
abroad.
The COW pea is conservator and
CLEANER of nitrogen, and will grow on
land too far exhausted to produce clo-
yer. 1t will pull through drouth that
would stunt even corn. Beside it's value
as green fallow, it has no superior as
forage plant. 1t is almost a complete
food without grain or other forage.
Cow peas are often sown broadcast in
the field at the time of laying by" the
corn, and are we'll started by the time
the corn is ia full ear. They are knee
deep about the time the corn is cut off,
and are plowed under, and lo the field
is as good as new again. This is no
longer monopoly in the South, for more
northern ATTITUDES have grown this pea
successfully,
Rye ripens early, and will give grain
food from eight to ten weeks before corn
is ready to feed, and in years when corn
is high and scarce it is large saving of
money to have this grain to feed during
the hot dry months of July and August
| 1t is best to feed it ground with bran
and cut straw.
IL we could provide proper amount
| of moisture we should find most land
fertile enough to make good yields. In
dry season mulch of cut straw over
potato field will result in greater
| yield than in one richly MANFRED and
not mulched. Moisture is continuously
evaporating from the soil, but if covered
it rises to the surface. and is held there
The Irvine binder removed the only
limit to production Of wheat in this
Iao LAS STOWu
| 300 million to 600 million bushels. There
has been likewise rapid fall in the cost
of transportation, it formerly costing 40
cents to carry bushel of wheat from
| Chicago to New York; now it costs five
or six cents.
| So far as the area and the productive
ness are concerned, the land on the
Paraguay and Parana rivers in South
America could feed the world with
| wheat and clothe the world with cotton.
While their crude methods have lessened
their competition with us, in the last
few years they have imported from this
country over $4,000 steam plows.
One half the farm properties Of this
country are entirely free from mortgage;
on occupied farms, excluding those SUBJ
urban and speculative, the total mort
gage is less than one-tenth their value.
One-half this moneyis due to fellow
citizens, and not to mortgage sharks and
money lenders.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17
WALTER QUINTON GRESHAM,

For kindred lands is narrow patriots hate.
While falls on senseless ears the cry of toll,
Though there have risen loyal souls and great
Who loved both fellow men and native soil.
But never yet arose truer knight,
To face his country's foes, with lance in rest,
Than thou. who, in the thunder of the fight,
Vast foremost 'mongst the brave sons OF the
West.
And when wars thunders ceased, thou couldst
resume
The work of peace-a judge most upright
And keep the ermne spotless as thy plume
AS thy good sword from evil stain was free.
Twas here that arrogance of wealth soon found
In thee rock to check its onward sweep:
The poor. who saw themselves In letters
bound,
Took heart of hope that sowing they might
reap.
And when lat last, to ministry of state.
Thou broughtst thy glorious gifts. by God De-
slowed
The weaker nations.-fearful of the great,
Found thee friend to help them on the
road.
The star of freedom in Brazl's fair sky
Burns brighter for thy righteous stand and
brave
'Gainst freedoms foes; and grateful liberty
Bows reyerent evermore beside thy grave.
Rest now in peace! for thou canst well despise
The venomed shafts which hate and envy
hurled,
Since thou hast left up N thy country's skies
The blessed light of peace with all the world
While Gresham's law prevails where coin is
sought
grander law of Gresham gavest thou
The law of right, which all the nations ought
To recognize. regard, and to it bow.
To teach the stronger to respect the weak,
To show the weak that just must be their
cause,
Has been thy work; and humbly now and
meek
Before thy tomb in or eff and awe we pause.
E. NJ. WILSON.
BELFAST, n. Y.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17
The Origin of Lace making.

There are many pretty legends of the
origin of lace making, and one of the
prettiest is the story of the Venetian
sailor who. on the eve of sea voyage,
gave to the woman he loved piece of
beautiful sea-weed, to keep while he was
absent, in memory of him. He sailed
away; and the girl cared for his gift
with constant devotion, superstitiously
fancying that upon it's preservation de-
pended the safety of her lover or the
endurance of his love for her. There
fore. when she discovered that the sea-
weed was slowly drying up and falling
to pieces, she caught the fine leaves and
branches with thread against piece of
linen, and thus invented lace.-Harper's
WeeEIu
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17

The Tribune says that in most of
the Catholic churches of Chicago Sun
day, July 81. the announcement of the
decision of the church condemnatory Of
the Knights of Pythias, the Odd Fellow 8
and the Sons of Temperance was made
at each of the morning services. In the
other churches where no announcement
was made yesterday it is expected it will
be made next Sunday. The rule is now
imperative throughout every diocese and
parish in America. and it is merely a
matter of time to bring it into full effect
everywhere. Henceforth no member of
one of the three prohibited societies will
be considered faithful member of the
Catholic church. This does not imply,
however. general accommodation of
all such persons, as each case is entitled
to hearing on its individual merits, and
only after full hearing will decision
be pronounced.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17
HORTICULTURE.

There is no such thing as alternate
fruit bearing season for trees. The rea-
son they do not bear in successive years
is chiefly from the fact that they have
been allowed to over bear the previous
year. There is as much reason for thin
ming out the apples and pears, il needed.
as for hoeing out surplus corn or pota-
toes.
There is great gain in keeping the
ground cool between growing crops of
any kind, in warm ATTITUDES, and this
end may sometimes be gained by plant
ing trailing vines. A good crop of mel
ons can be raised between the rows of
Strawberries, and the latter helped, but
the vines must be kept in bounds, and
the strawberry runners pinched off.
Warmth, moisture, and similar condi-
tions always favor the activity of both
the ripening and decaying forces in fruit;
fruit left on the trees begins to decay
Immediately. The whole art of preserv-
ing is in separating from the tree and
forces cease to act
1t seems to be popular delusion that
when fruit is arranged for shipment in
warm weather special provision should
be made for ventilation. The opposite
is true. Air should be excluded as far
as may be. The upper and outer tiers
of boxes always spoil first in any large
shipments of fruits.
If one has large fruit trees which it is
desired to have transplanted, let him dig
around them at the close of the summer.
cutting off the larger roots three feet or
more from the tree, according to the size.
A year later it will have made SO many
small roots to replace these that removal
can be safely made.
Hedges of deciduous trees or shrubs
should have the soft growth trimmed
off in summer. II young, the base
should be left untouched, cutting from
the top mainly. This will throw the
strength into the lower branches. If
the hedge is old and already formed, it
can be trimmed IN any shape TO suit the
taste.
An unsightly, decaying tree can be
beautifed by planting some Towering
vine about it. The trumpet vine will
climb unaided; the wisteria is good, but
will need support until it reaches the
branches; Virginia creeper and Japan
ivy are good for foliage, and cling to the
trunk by the little rootlets they make.
Grapes never ripen any after picking;
all that can be expected in the way of
change is the evaporation of some water,
and final decay. They must be in per-
feet condition for eating when plucked,
or their full value will be missed. If
stored in some cool place. they will last
even longer than pears.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17
{ FARM, GARDEN AND DAIRY.
Instructive Reading for Agriculturists
PREPARED EXPRESSLY FOR 1.-THE UNIvERsALIsT"
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.:
DAIRY.

Get the butter away from the air az
soon as possible after packing, and keep
it as cool as can be until going to mar
ket. The small pals and parchment
paper are so cheap that it can be packed
solidly, and the consumer have a chance
to get the butter fresh for the table so
long as it lasts.
The Wisconsin station has shown that
by soiling in summer a given area of
land will yield double the amount of
milk and butter it will when pastured.
The Connecticut station fed four COWS
from June to November on two and a
half acres of such feed, with little
grain added. At the Ontario farm three
fourths of an acre, with $50 pounds of
bran, fed two cows for 63 days.
The extra weight in dairy COW, over
and above what is necessary for her to
do the best work, must be fed at great
loss, because she is fed many years before
she is sold. Stick to the special purpose
cow. Never think the Jersey too small
because she will not in the end make
enough beef.
The bulky foods which can be grown
successfully upon the farm have no SUI
perior as feed for the dairy-corn, oats,
clover hay and plenty of silage. Results
from the bought concentrated foods can
not bring the results which do these
more easily digested foods. Forcing"
a cow does injury to her digestive or.
gans. and is decidedly not profitable in
the long run.
Soiling is feature of more intensive
farming, and finds more extensive APP
plication as the value of the land in
creases. Not only can a much larger
number of COWS be kept on a given area
of land, but that land may be brought
into higher state of cultivation, so that
at the same time there is saving Of
much grain and fertility.
There should be no iron clad rules for
milking. but improper handling will
spoil good milk COW quickly. None
but careful and level headed person
should break in heifer to milk. Learn
that cows natures vary, and that they
cannot all be treated alike. The COWS
can learn your whistle as we'll as the
dogs can; keep the dogs away.
A much better price can be had for
winter butter because the supply is
limited. This difference in price is all
profit for the COWS must be kept and fed.
1t does not pay to let them run down in
condition, and there is more time to do
the work. Cows fresh in the fall give a
longer flow. which is kept up all summer
with good pasture.
In choosing between beef and butter
| productions, consider the difference in
the amount of money each brings and
the length of time between returns.
Butter can be shipped once week, and
payments received at least once month.
| The skim milk and buttermilk are fed
to the calves and pigs, and nearly all the
fertilizing elements of the crops are kept
on the farm.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17

ten together to discuss the ways and
means of repairing the church at
Holbrook Center.
Executive ability-plenty of it
but there's the trouble" said Mrs.
Brown. Nobody can work with her
unless everything goes her way
just let her boss the job, and things
will go on smoothly enough, but
some of the rest of us want to have
our say, don't WEI"
"What pity, and deacon's wife,
too" spoke up Mrs. Greenleaf. "The
way she makes the deacon and Miss
Sophronia stand round is something
terrible to contemplate. | am SO
sorry for the deacon-he is saint on
earth, if there ever was one"
HE might just spunk up and let
her understand he has some rights,
too. He ought to have done it years
ago. He hasn't got any force of char
acter, or he would have done it.
That's all I've got against the dea-
con-" and Mrs. Harper looked over
in the corner where Mrs. Palmer sat
knitting.
The old lady laid the unfinished
stocking down in her lap, and said,
at takes more force of character to
keep still under provocation than it
does to speak. It's easier to talk
back than it is to keep silence. The
deacon has shown his Christian spirit
in bearing that thorn in the flesh
that Satan has sent to buffet him,
without letting it so much as give
him scratch"
cit won't do to put Miss Sophronia
on the committee if we don't put the
deacon's wife on" said Mrs. Marvin.
"Of course not" and 30, no." the
ladies answered.
And SO the committee to find out
the best ways and means of fixing
over the church was made up without
Mrs. Deacon Brewer, every one &C
knowledging that as deacon's wife
she should be one of the prominent
managers.
The deacon's sister, Miss Sophron-
ia, sewed out by the day, and was
finishing off Mrs. Greenleafs dress
in the house around the corner.
When that lady came home she told
her of the pro ect, and what ladies
had been selected to arrange for the
money getting.
"We would liked to have put you
on the committee, Miss Sophronia,
but, then"
Sim glad you didn't as long as
Malviny was left out"
"That is what we considered" the
lady replied.
There was no more said, and Miss
Sophronia went home and told her
brother and his wife that the com
mittee had decided to fix up the
church.
Her sister-in-law was a tall, angu-
lar woman with a severe look on her
face, not at all the sort of timber, the
casual observer would says deacon's
wife should be made of. The church
had considered that point with sec
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17

- n
wife has executive abil-
ity, and can put any
thing through she un-
dertakes to do = but
then, and Mrs. Marvin
had a significant express
sion on her face, as she
looked around on the
group of ladies in her
parlor. They were a
chosen few who had got
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17
DEACON BREWERS WIFE.

BY SUSAN TEALL PERRY.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1895-08-17

BRE w E RS
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1895-03-14

struction. The earth is first loosened by
the use Of gang plows or steam shovels,
and then is loaded into large iron buckets
lowered from the end of the cantilever
overhanging the channel. The cantilever,
which looks like an enormous iron bridge
with narrowed ends tipped up at an angle,
stands on the bank upon track running
parallel with the canal. 1t can be moved
along bodily by steam power as easily as
the bucket is carried up the incline to be
dumped automatically at the further ex-
trelnity. The apparatus works rapidly
and so successfully that there now eleven
of these cantievers in constant operation
on four sections.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1895-03-14
THEY STUDIED IN AMERICA.

Chinese and Japanese Who Were Edu-
Gated Here Are Making Their MARI.
The reports connected with the Jap
anese- Chinese war have had much to
say that is creditable to those men
OF both nations who have received
their education in the United States.
Minister DENLY, in recent report, re-
ferred to the bravery and gallantry
exhibited lin the Yaloo River engage
ment by some Of the Chinese who were
students in the United States several
years ago. In 1872 thirty Chinese
boys. selected from the best families.
were sent to the United States to be
educated and others were sent later
and were put under the charge of
lege. Subsequently it was reported
to the Chinese government that the
boys were losing or had lost their pa
triotism, and in 1881 they were all re-
called and the system of education
was abandoned. OF ten Chinese rec
commended for honors recently four
were former American students. One
OIL LlCUl. NO no, SluOlcu III Tie IoHcI-
field scientific school, New Haven,
and was brevetted a commander with
a red button of the second rank for
bravery Tsao Kin Chiong, brevetted
a captain and decorated with red
button. was graduated at Phillips
Academy Tsu Chung Tong was grad
uated from a Massachusetts college,
and has a second rank button and q
first lieutenant's commission. Shun
Son Guam, graduate from q Con
necticut academy, has a second rank
button and brevet of captain. Two
ex-American students We're killed in
the Yalu battIe-one, Chin Fin Quail a
graduate of Phillips Academy, and the
other, Shun Sow Cheong, a graduate
of Massachusetts academy. The
former was an officer on the Chih-
Yueh and died from wounds and the
other was killed by, a torpedo on the
cruiser Chi Yuen, of which be was
an officer.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1895-03-14

SO much as hill or hummock to break its
leFei monotony. One of these difficulties
was stretch of ten miles of solid lime
stoned bed rock. But by the use of steam
channeling machines this has been cut
through, SO as to leave wall as smooth and
sdralgnt and white as so much sawed ice.
The greatest obstacle of all was the
Desplalnes River, which numbered more
than dozen miles of the path and threat
ened with its periodic foods to sweep the
earth dlkes of the new channel away at
every spring freshet. But the engineers
looked over the ground and calmly said:
we Will transplant the Desplaines river
AND they have done it, building an entire
ny new river channel for more than thir-
teen miles. at a cost of over 81 ZOO, 900.
but what will you do with the food
waters while you are building your river
diversion channel?'' asked the skeptics.
we will spill them into Lake Michigan
and send them down the ST. Lawrence
instead of down the Mississippi said the
engineers. And they have done it. AT
the head of the river diversion they have
built an enormous safety valve, in the
form of a ':spillway," or dam, 397 feet
long and 1914 feet high, made of concrete,
capped with stone, and thanked with
wings of stone masonry. So, when the
Desplalnes goes on rampage, and the
water gauge above this spillway indicates
over 100000 cubic feet of flow per min.
ute, the surplus flood waters are dumped
across this dam and sent down the Chi
cago river to Lake Michigan The river
diversion is all finished. This is 200 feet
wide on the bottom, with sides slopng
out, giving the cross section the form of
a prism. The pitch or grade of the chan
mel is about one foot in mile and half.
Thus the river is successfully out of the
way.
The main drainage channel is now I'M
der contract throughout its entire length,
from it's confluence with the Chicago river
at Robey street to Lockport, Will Coun-
ty, H., twenty eight miles to the south
west of Chicago. The work has been sub
divided into sections averaging a mile in
length. Beginning at the Willow Springs
road a midway point, the sections are
lettered toward Chicago from A to Q.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1895-03-14

each section there are from 200 to 400
men employed, and the majority of them
are so distant from any town that pro,
vision must be made for the men at tho
work. For this purpose each section is
provided with a camp consisting OF rough
frame buildings, some of them equipped
with hunks for sleeping quarters and 9th
ers with outfits for providing meals. Some
idea Of the extent Of this work can be
obtained from the fact that on one section
bakery is established which turns out
from 400 to 500 loaves of bread each day.
Some Of the contractors carry on this de-
partment under their own supervision,
but others find it much more profitable to
make contract with a commissary, who
furnishes bedding and provisions at a
stipulated price.
1t is stated that the prices being paid
for this work are far lower than those
paid for any similar work ever carried on
in the world, and that this is particularly
true of the rock sections. The prices
paid for the removal of the rock mostly
range from IS cents to SO cents per cubic
yard, and it is said that the lowest previ-
Gus prices on record for similar work have
ranged from $1.25 to $3.50. Prices paid
for glacial drift generally run from IS
cents to q cents per cubic yard
The pictures accompanying this article
show very clearly the nature of the work
now going on in Illinois, and some of the
novel and expensive machinery that is
being employed. By it's use at least one
third more work is accomplished in pro;
portion to the amount of money expended
ond the number of men employed than
could have been twenty years ago.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1895-03-14

the canaI-twenty miles in all-extends
for some distance, and then reduces to ITO
feet on the bottom, preserving the same
side slopes. In the rock sections the sides
are vertical, and the width Of the channel
is uniformly 100 feet.
The methods of working on the earth
sections present some novelties. Cars
specially constructed are loaded by steam
shovels and drawn by steam hoists up a
steep incline to a proper height, where
they are run upon tipple and automati-
cally dumped. The contractors have
erected great iron bridges, spanning the
spoil bank high in the air, their support
ing piers being carried on trucks, which
travel on tracks parallel.with the channel.
From the channel end of the bridge an in
clined track runs down into the cut, and
on this two cars, with a capacity of eight
cubic yards each. are kept running up and
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1895-03-14
gineer operates these dumps just as hs
would annlr the air brakes

gineer operates these dumps just as hs
would apply the air brakes.
Up to the beginning of last November
there had been expended by the district
$2,37O,O30 for right of way and $6,079,-
26O for construction, making a total OF
S., 449, 200. This amount, together with
the cost of administration, payment OF
bonds, interest, etc, brings the total ex,
penditures of the enterprise to date up to
over $10,OO0,OOO. The total estimated
cost of the work under contract is: For
construction, $1S,747, $40; for right of
way, $780, 22S; total $21, 354,O 74 Add
to this the cost of administration until the
completion of the canal, and the sum will
represent the total cost to the taxpayers
of the district benefited. This total.
President Wenter confidently asserts, will
not reach $2S,OOO,OOO. Others think there
may be unexpected difficulties that will
raise the cost to nearly $3O,OOO,OOO.
Caring for the Men.
One of the problems with which the
contractors have to deal is that of caring
for the men employed on the work. On