The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-08-18

Ter leIE dILeE the QlSIilldLlOn or
various plants. 1t is then plough4
ed with oxen and carefully weeded.
New Shoots with a few roots OF
old roses are planted and nature does
the rest The bushes bear the second
year, but they are not fully matureo
until the fourth year A carefully at
tended and we'll drained rose planta-.
ton will last from six to eight years.,
Ten thousand rose plants are required
to cover an acre, and in an averages
season this acre will produce 5000
pounds weight of roses The jasmine
is grown from Slips of the wild Jas
mine and at the end of two years is
grated with the Spanish jasmine,
which produces a. blossom about an
inch in diameter To stock an acre
$4,000 plants are required. They ara
not full bearing until two years after
they are grated. but at maturity each.
1000 plants yield about sixty pounds
weight of blossoms annually. The
more flowers picked the more blossoms
are produced. They are planted in
rows with horizontal bars interviewer
between them for support.
The Flower harvest
During the harvest season from
morning until night the fields are alivs
with women and children with their
little baskets hanging from a strap
over the shoulder, bUsily picking the
fragrant Blossoms. As each basket is
filed it is conveyed to a shaded labra-
tory and carefully weighed
The tube-rose is the most difficult
plant to rear, but is the most profit
able, for good plantation with good
soil will last seven. or eight years.
In this country violets grow almosti
anywhere. but the terrible sun of Nice.
during July and August takes the VII
tally from the plants SO as a protocol
ton they are planted meath the cool
green shade of the orange trees Thef
violet is propagated by division Of
roots. They are planted in clusters OF
a foot square, allowing space between
for the growers to gather the flowers
without treading upon them. An acre
of land yields seventy or eighty
pounds weight of flowers.
How Perfumes Are Extracted.
The process of extracting the odor
from the flowers is partly chemical,
partly agricultural. The laboratories
as rule stand in the middle OF these
flower farms. Just as the farmer car
r1es his grain to the miller to be-
ground, so the landholders carry the
blowers to the laboratories. There are
four different processes in use in max
ing perfumes, pOmades and essences
distfllation, expression, maceration ard
absorption or "enfleurage." Every
complete establishment is equipped
with apparatus for all these processes
Distillation is employed for plants.
barks, woods and a few flowers. Ex-
preston is confined to ESSENCES, which
are obtained from the rinds of fruit
1t is performed in different ways ON
the coast of Genoa the fruit is rubbed
against grated tunnels. In Calabria,
they roll the fruit between two bowls,
one placed inside the other. Macera-
ton and absorption are both founded
on the affinity which fatty substances
/ possess for fragrant doors. 1t con-
sists in sleeping flowers in a bath of
hot grease, 1etting them infuse for
some time. The flowers are then re-
newed and this operation is repeated
until the grease is sufficiently impreg-
mated with the fragrancy of the floW4'
! ers. This grease is called pomade.
/ Absorption the Usual Method.
The process Of absorption or 'en-
I feurage" is the one most used. A se-
I ries of glass frames 2Ox3O inches ara
| covered on each side with d thin layer
/ of purified grease. in which ridges ars
made to facilitate absorption. The
/ grease used in this process is beef Suet
/ or lard, which has been purified by
! long boiling in water and nitre. When
/ cold, boil again in rose water, to which
a minute quantity of benoin gum has
I
/ and sOlidify and is ready for use.
/ Large quantities of grease are thus
( prepared during periods when flowers
are out Of season. Each glass requires
about one pound of fat. Fresh gath
/ cred flowers are StreWn over this
grease and renewed every morning.
At the end of two or three weeks the
/ grease is sufficiently charged with per-
/ fume. The pomade is then scraped off
/ the glass with a wide thin spatula, re-
melted at a low heat. strained to re-
move any stray petals and is then
/ packed in tin cases for export. During
/ the process of EMPOWERING the frames
/ are arranged in piles of forty or fifty
each, and several hundred are at
work for each kind of flower.
I The same process is in use for oils.
! but the frames, instead of being noun
ted in glass, have q wire bottom, over
which is spread a thick cloth soaked
/ in olive oil. Flowers are laid out in
! the same way, the oil being pressed
out Of the cloth after complete saJura-
ton, and when sufficiently charged
with perfume. These frames are piled
] high on each other to keep them WE'LL
/ closed. All the details of this manu-
Tacture require the most skilful and'
careful handling and scrupulous clean
| illness is required at every stage Of the
I process After removing the pomade
from bhe frames, the glass is thorough
/ Iy cIeansed with alkalies. for it is
necessary that not particle of grease
should be left on. which by becoming,
rancid would spoil the product Of the
next operation.
By these means the delicate doors or
/ flowers are extracted and retained for
transportation to distant markets,
where. being treated with alcohol, pro-
/ duce the toilet waters and extracts OF
| commerce. the aroma Of flowers being
first transmitted to the pOmaGe, then
/ by contact with the alcohol yield
their odor to that vehicle, whilst the
latter. if placed in direct contact with.
the flowers, would fail to extract it
from them.
The Work Done Largely BY Womens
The work is done largely by women.
During the busy season they work IN
/ til midnight. Laborers on these farms
\ receive wages of the ordinary farm
hands, as there is nothing about the
{ work requiring any experienced skill
I if directed by an experienced overseer.
/ The manufacture of perfume is often
a subject of much speculation, flower
farming for this purpose having been
carried on so quietly comparatively
few. people are aware of its existence.
I One of the most important branches
I of the perfunner's art is the manufac-
ture of toilet soaps. They are general
w prexared from the best tallow
soaps. which are reme1ted, purified and
cee17fed ENGLAND takes the lead in