Evening star., 1895-09-16
u NITED 1T AL Y
The Celebration to Take Place Next
Friday.
BRIEF HISTORY OF TIE EVENTS
What Led Up to the Occupation
of Rome.
VICTOR EMANUEL's TRIUMPH

V
The Italian residents throughout the
United States are very generally preparing
to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary
of the unlfcation Of the Italian states,
which occurs on the Goth instant. After
Wrestling from Austria the states held by
that power, the last thing to be done to
complete the unifcation of the italian
states was the selling of the papal terri
tory, which was finally done by military
force September 20. 1870, that being the day
of the proposed celebration.
The event will be celebrated in Washing
ton by a street parade, reception by the
italian minister, Baron Fava, and a BAN
quet in the evening.
NnpolcOn's Great Project.
One of the great projects of Napoleon I
was the unifcation of the great nations of
Europe. There are historians who credit
Napoleon with having inspired the great
movement which cemented the states of
the Italian nation, and which has placed
that power among the great nations of the
earth.
Las Casas has reported the words of Ma
poleon spoken to him when the emperor
at ST. Helena in 1876 as follows: zone
of my great plans was the rejoining, the
RECOMMENDATION of those same geographical
nations which have been disunited and par
celed out by revolution and policy. There
are dispersed in Europe upward of thirty
millions of French, fifteen millions of Span
iards fifteen millions of Italians and thirty
millions Of Germans. 1t was my intention
to incorporate these several millions of peo-
pie each into one nation. 1t would have been
noble thing to have advanced into pos
terity with such train, and attended by
the blessings of future ages. I felt myself
worthy of this glory"
Emperor Napoleon Is quoted with saying
that concentration of nations which he de-
sired to see would be brought. about sooner
cr later by the very force of events, and 1t
Is to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary
of the completion of this unity, long-looked
for and hardly fought for, by Italians, that
the Societa Fratallanza Unione Italiana
will hold a street parade, reception and
banquet next Friday.
Italy Cut Into Fragments.
The great object of the congress of Wen
ma, upon the downfall of Napoleon in 1875
was SO to dismember and reconstruct
Europe as to hold its people in entire sub
lection to the feudal kings. Italy was cut
up into fragments. and so parceled out as
to render any rising of the people in favor
of popular rights almost impossible. The
whole of Italy, with the exception of Sar-
dinia, was virtually cut up into province3
of the Austrian empire. The Italian people
were eXaSperated in being handed overt
bound hand and foot, to Austria. A secret
society was organized called the Carbonarit
to rescue Italy from Austrian sway. Th4
society spread with unprecedented rapidityi
1t is said that during the month Of March,
1920, $4,000 members were admitted. In
the month of July, 1920. the insurrection
burst forth in Naples, and almost stimuli
taneously in the papal states in Sardinia
and in other parts of Italy. The whole
military force of Austria, Russia and Prus-
q w i'm q in Yv1nf for ha
enslavement of Italy. Throughout Italy
the popular cause was utterly crushed.
Still the members of the Carbonari were
active and for ten years the volcanic fires
were gathering for a new eruption The
overthrow of Charles and the euthrone-
nlent of Louis Philippe aroused the popu-
lar party all over Europe. Louis Napoleon,
then a young man twenty-five years of
age, with his elder brother, Joined the Car
tonari. His friends endeavored to dis
suade him from his purpose, but he stead
fastly worked in the cause Of the people of
Italy. The Austrian armies, with those of
Russia and Prussia, again swept over Italy,
and the patriot bands were slaughtered
lnercilessly. The elder of the Napoleons
was slain at this time. and Hortense sue
ceeded in saving her son. Louis Napoleon,
by Disgusting him as servant and escap-
ing to France. and from thence to England.
This was the termination of the second at
tempt for the emancipation of Italy.
The Uprising in 1S4S.
There were eighteen years more of grind
ing oppression for the Italian people, until,
in 1S4S, when the French again rose, and,
driving Louis Philippe from the throne
and kingdom, established the republic.
The events aroused anew the liberal
party throughout all Europe. Charles
Albert, then King of Sardinia, was
the only ruler in Italy who had even the
semblance of independence of Austria.
Emboldened by the example of France,
which had constituted republic on the
basis of universal suffrage, and Of equal
rights for all, he commenced cautiously in
II loducing popular reforms into his king
dom. All over Italy the revolutionary
movement burst forth. Again the armies
of Austria were on the move, and in
peninsula with pillows of fire and blood.
Charles Albert met disaster. His forces
were utterly routed, and on the 22d of
March, 1S49, he said to Gen. Durando:
This is my last day. have sacrificed
myself to the italian cause. For it 1 have
exposed my life, that of my children and
Of my throne. I have failed in my object.
Since 1 in vain sought death. will give
myself up as 4 last sacrifice to my coun-
try. I lay down my crown and abdicate
in favor of Victor Emanuel
1t was Victor Emanuel who received his
crown, it might be said, in the midst of his
fathers failure and disaster. He was des-
tined to see the Italian states united and
formed into a great nation. His fathers
failure ended the third attempt at popu-
lar uprising in Italy. Ten more years pass
ed away, when the empire was re-establish-
ed in France and became power which all
Europe was constrained to respect.
frances Pledge of Assistance.
The Sandman court, after a few years.
applied to the imperial government in
France to learn If that nation would aid
Sardinia against Austria, should Sar-
dinia enter upon the work of popular re-
form. The pledge was promptly given.
Sardinia cautiously commenced introduc-
ing enactments of liberty. Austria remon
strated, declaring that liberty in Sardinia
would excite discomfort in other parts of
italy. Austrian troops to the number of
25O. 900 were moved to the Sandman from
tier The ambassador of imperial France
Immediately informed the Austrian court
that France could not look with irdiffer-
ence upon the invasion of Sardinia. I'm
intimidated by this menace, the Austrian
army in April 1859, crossed the Ticino
and commenced its march upon Turin. 1t
was under these circumstances that the
armies of France were sent to the did of
the Italians. The Austrians were driven
from Sardinia and from Lompardy. All
Italy in one general burst of enthusiasm
rose against the Austrians, and were fock-
ing to the banners of France and Sar-
dinia.
Dynastic Europe was alarmed. The spirit
80 H. ,0I n1,tfin Nf had vic.