Kansas City daily journal., 1895-10-12
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HORTICULTURAL.
Cul,ivatlng smail Fruits.


From a paper read by X. NJ, Kellogg be
fore indiana state horticultural society
The past three seasons in Michigan nave
been almost disastrous on account q
drouth The present season IL without par
allel in the history OF the state. SHpSOll-
ing of Itself is not q new th.ng, ana yet
there are some important things connected
with II OH which growers 40 nos pthe
sufficient stress. In cultivated land, man,
ured year after year. the heavy winter ana
spring rains wash much u lhe aNd!lapae pc
plant food into the spnEoil whcre ll -
condition entirely los except 70 tVf =,
deeper roofing trees. 1t can never pc HaIs mar.
available until II y @ oroGgI,' ,gi,,,shGTe ,. WbiCh
we do in breaking up th.7 sHo-sUaLuinITt ,s
The movement of water IN Lne 5D,t ION M
governed by two forces: that OF graNltatio
which draws the water down, ana eaplnaIS
action, which returns 1t TO the suriaGG:
Hence ii we subsoll deeply We not only
separate the particles of earth SO they VIII
contain many times as much water as IN
its natural dense condition, thus actually
which with proper surface cultivation VII
tide us over the most pfotrtcted Gr9ui p u, IN
this section but the plant food thus f@ell- @
dered soluble Is returned to the surface
for. the usa of the plants.
nhere is stili another point in, connection
with tillage on which growers 90 hyt pllte
sufficient stress, and that Is hhins Is ,rs ar Clay
loan soils, or in fact anything uut Hsat a
sands. the surface Is broken, up a"i iaav-
turned to the bottom of the lurr0M, 0M's,,tGars tgar
ing a mass of Jumps and air chahn1SSrs 1S
Which no after fitting .,wlll cioSS' KS KS
Iumns are go dense thar the oxygen OF the
afm5sphere cannot enter it to render the
food available. hence there Is no lhuTtye utTt,ss
incnt for the feeding roots 70 eilroa H. rmr
making a combination which Efeailg III
"a tlS the area of root pasturage ana tpIi.E
Of the plant to bring its fruit 70 nlh"
IL has been my practice to break up ana
pu!verize the surface to dgpth Oh tmJHi1S JirSS,
10 thirty inches, using the disk or SPau,r5
harrow rolling, plowinE, subsol!lhs 3 nli4
.hytrr0W wing until every lump was GtuSheH
and the whole made fine as sllisd G , a'i,Sa ~
and firmed so water would be Grawn uP
~ ~ 'caniiIaf.ity and the whole surface could
~ iGfTt moisr 10 the dUst mulch or an
inch at the surface, which we Always
As an evidence of the advantage OF the
thorough preparation OF the soll, g n,ag
cite my spring seEtinS or a3.in l2, We had
no rain of consequence after the winter
frost came ont of the ground until amos iin,
when the earth within an inch or surldJIS
did not contain enough water 10 ehhD,e ehis
Won to mold it in the hand. The plants
have made u wonderful and vigorous
pTowth while those on adjoining farms
not SO treated have suffered severely, ,,,,.
machines and pulverizers and puiNeriHer
attachments for cultivation ana CONT l"
full knowledge Of the TACT tnat e,insf wnsf
intensive farming, it Is only the late M t,,aI
viii pay in fruit growing: ne VINO CON-
mands the markets ana dictates prices OF
his ur0duatfons must have a superior
article to offer and while IN gram Ero%ihs
n fen bushels oil grain from broad acres, II
is not SO in fruit growing. Quaiity IN
fruit Is always the result of palnstaklnE
about the market. the limit OF cunsump-
tiou of fancy fruit has never been reached;
The people are fast learning that h9S ahI
homlny are not conducive to good health
and longevity. but that a fruit diet means
clear head, better brain and hraWn ana
in future fruit consumption VIII be some
I