davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

assistants were appointed, until, at the
present time. the sewing instructors num-
ber thirteen, and compulsory instruction
in sewing is given to about 6 600 pupils,
III sixty-five buildings, including all the
city schools, and all available county
schools, both Colored and white
For the first four years sewing was only
taught TO pupils of the fourth. fifth and
siXht grades, but it was believed that
more effective work might be accomplished
by beginning with younger children, and
that course was followed out the next year
with gratifying results. some OF these little
ones showing remarkable talent
In beginning the work the first few les
sons are devoted TO teaching the proper po-
sition of the body while sewing. as a care
less attitude may cramp the arms and
hands, and prove injurious to health
The proper use of the thimble aud handling
of the needle are also taught
These first lessons are made interest
ing and instructive to the children by
formation OF cloth, the, different threads
and edges being carefully explained. The
children are afterward questioned on these
and similar subjects, relative to their
work and are required to frame complete
sentences in giving the answers, thus
training the mind as Well as the ringers.
In taking up new subjects class instruc-
ton is given, but as only the brightest
pupils are able TO grasp the teacher 5
idea, a great deal of individual instruction
necessarily has to be given. Such lessons
as patching, darning, and buttOnhOles can
be nicely illustrated on the blackboard.
The first year of sewing is devoted 10
the rudiments. each stitch, beginning whh
the simplest, being taken up in turn, and
not given up until the best effort OF each
child is attained.
If the foundation is We'll laid in the
first year. the work for both pupil and
teacher Will be much lightened during the
succeeding years. The work is taught
step by step in a progressive course, and
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

all the cooking at home, owing to the
failure OF the mothers health
One of the most gratifying reports comes
as result of the bread lesson, which all
are urged to try at home at least once,
after which many are obliged to make it
again and again, frequently making all
the bread which is used in the house
Another very gratifying report is from
the lesson on broiling The father sends
word that he never tasted q steak which
was better broiled than the one served
by bis daughter; hence the cooking schools
are of value when one can be taught to
broil a steak so that it will be tender and
Juicy. Thereafter the daughter must at
tend to broiling all the meat These re-
ports are voluntary, and are only few of
those which are received each week from
pupils, who are radiant because of the
praise bestowed upon them.
Inaddition to the work in the day schools,
several classes have been taught in con-
nection with the night schools. Admission
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

into small pieces with a sharp knife, put
into bowl or glazed sauce pan with the
cold water TO soak for several hours, or
until the water is well colored with the
meat juices, after which heat slowly until
steaming. Strain through a soup strainer
and cool quickly Season with salt as it
is used If it must be given hot reheat it
over boiling water, as it must never be
allowed to boil.
Boiled Beer-Select piece of meat from
the shoulder-clod. Do not wash but wipe
carefully with damp cloth after which
plunge into enough boiling water to cover.
After allowing the water to heat again to
boiling point set the kettle where the water
will simmer and allow it to simmer from
eighteen to twenty minutes per pound.
Serve with parsley sauce. Note-Do not
add salt to the water as the albumen in the
meat would be made tough
Parsley Sauce-One tablespoonful butter,
one tablespoonful flour, one cup boiling
| water. one fourth teasponful salt, one-eighth
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

In the spring OF 1887 it was decided to
teach pupllsin the public schools how 10
cook. BY this is meant the preparation
or meat ana vegetable food iu sucha manner
that the nouTishmeut should be retained
IN the food aud the food easily digcsted,
not the making OF cakes, puddings, and
fancy desserts.
Two pupils from the normal class OF that
year We're selected 10 become The teachers
IN this work Mrs. A. L. Woodbury., of
Massachusetts, VINO then had a Mission
School OF Cookery on II street, between
Thirteenth aud Fourteenth streets north
west kindly offered 10 prepare those
selected for the work, and as soon as school
closed the would-be cooking teachers went
20 that lady shonse once. sometimes twicea
week. until She had dictated the course
OF instruction with the recipes which she
had ueed so successfully in her school aud
given such other instruction as she found
they needed. An recipes We're ITied by
them at home during the summer and
always the week before giving them at
school the next year. They continued to
visit Mrs Woodbury., 10 whom too much
credit cannot be given fer the interest
which she took III the work, for advice
and consultation about twice a month
Ril that year, while she frequently visited
the school kitchens TO watch the work
Ia September of 1887, two school
kitchens were prepared. one at the Peabody
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

this present year, in the northeastern SEQ
tion, in the Blair School building
These rooms are fitted up with desk,
three chests Of drawers, for work, eheval
glass and screen used for fitUngl, sewing
tables, chairs, tracing boards, besides a
dressnaker's square, scissors, pincushion,
tracer, pencil and rubber for each child
Manila paper for drafting, and SILICA for
waist lining, are also furnished the children.
The cost for fitting up one OF these shops
is about $40.
In this work the number OF pupils per class
is limited TO eighteen, and one and half
bour's instruction is given each class "A week
The work in the cutting" school Is b.
gun by teaching the drafting OF simple
undeTSarments from measures taken by The
children. which leads them gradually 20 tha
more advanced work OF measuring, draft
ing. cutting, basting and fitting a waist
lining to fit the form.
Those children who finish their course and
have extra time, are at liberty 20 bring
material from home and make something in
the line of their work In this way many
pretty little dresses, dressing sacks, etc,
have been made this year.
At present 500 girls are receiving this
kind or instruction.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

In 1890 new kitchen was opened at the
Monroe School to accommodate pupils from
Mt. Pleasant. Brightwood and the ncighbor-
hood OF Soldiers Home The work was
made compulsory in all sections except the
High School, but the next year the work at
the latter Institution was discontinued be
cause il was thought that the two years
instruction as given in the seventh ana
eighth grades was sufficient TO enable girls
TO prepare any meal easily and properly.
At the beginning of the fifth year one new
school was opened 10 correspond with the
growth Of the city For the sixth and
seventh years no charges were made, but
for the eighth year another school was
opened TO relieve one school, thereby CIV
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

ing time for better direction and super
vision.
To-day there are eleven teachers and
sixteen school kitchens in the District of
Columbia for pupils OF thefirSt six divisions
with teacher in charge of each kitchen.
except in the country where one teacher
goes from place to place spending a day
lere aud a half day there as required.
Each teacher has an average of 200 pupils,
.hus making 1900 pupils who receive
Instructions i n cooking.
An pupils IN the seventh and eighth
, grades are required 10 take lessons unless
excused 10y the supervising principal and
are sent in classes Of twelve or fifteen each
once week 10 the kitchen which is nearest
the school building where they remain for
one hour and a half at work. Very little
time is required Ia pass from school to
kitchen and back again.
During the third and fourth years there
was some friction caused 10y the unwilling
ness uf the pupils to leave the school
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
THE WASHINGTON TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 1895.

range the stove, sweep, dust, and put the
room in good condition.
Meat is the eubject of the next lesson.
TIE animals used for food are named, the
manner OF dividing or cutting them studied
from charts, which are drawn on the
board Then the meat is examined to
learn OF what it is composed. 1t is next
put into water at different temperatures,
thus showing by experiment that to make
beef tea or broth the meat must be cut
and put into cold water, whereas to keep
the retain juices it must he put into hot
water; but. as il contains aibumen, the
water must not be allowed to boil after
the first two minutes, as the meat would
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

While the results thus far in this special
field OF instruction have been satisfactory,
II would seem that the field might be ex-
tended with great profit.
II the higher grade pupils could be in
cluded in the classes OF cutting and fitting,
and the otner more advanced lines OF work,
greater results could be obtained.
While it is, in this day and generation, a
necessity for a girl TO CLEAN as much as pos
sible from the books she studies, il is Of equal
importance that she should acquire. so far as
may be, those handy arts 70 which, now
ever she may be situated in life, great
part OF her time must hereafter be devoted.
To fully qualify our girls 10 make their
own clothes is one of the aims of the
sewing course, and if this extension Of the
work here suggested is effected, substantial
progress would result
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
The course of study is as follows:

The course of study is as follows:
Third Grade-BastinS, running, stitching,
overcasting, bemming, oveTseaming, max
ing of work bag, and simple design IN run
ming or stitching.
Fourth Grade-Plain gathering, putting
on band, tuczinS French gathering, patch
ing, buttOnholes, and cutting and making
underwaist.
Fifth Grade-FIat fell, French seam,
gusset, buttOnhOles, sewing on buttons,
cloth daTning, feather stitching, and max
ing skirt.
Sixth grade -ButtOnholes in cotton
cloth, buttOnholes in wOolen cloth, stock
ing darning, hemstitching, outlining, draft
ing cutting, and making drawers.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Trustee and Physician.

Dr. Daniel H. Hazen, trustee of the
Fourth division, is native of Belleville,
Pa, and was born in 1850. In 1873
he graduated from the Georgetown Med
ical College and began to practice his
profession in this city. He was appointed
trustee in 1890, and is very popular and
efficient in the schools of his District.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Trustee Darlington.

Mr. j. J. Darlington, the distinguished
lawyer, is trustee OF the First division,
and has held his position ten years.
Mr. Darlington vas born in Due West,
s c., and came to Washington in 1875
to pursue his legal studies. He has
always been prominently connected with
educational matters, having been one OF
the associates of Justice Morris and thG
late Richard T Merrick in founding thu
Georgetown Law College
Mr. Darlingtou's career as school trus
tee is particularly brilliant and successful,
and his good work for the schools il
incalculable
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

teaching one day each week at each place.
Miss Sloat resigned her position as teacher,
one OF those prepared being appointed TO I'LL
her place Thus at the beginning of the
third year the work had been established III
all sections of the city and county with a
corps of ten teachers, all of whom, with the
exception OF one. We're Normal Schoolgradu-
ates. After this all vacancies were filled by
those who could give satisfactory evidence
of being good cooks and housekcepers and OF
possessing those other qualifications when
are the necessary requisites for good
teachcr.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Learning Music.

The schools of Bath, Me-, have practical
way of making pupils feel the rhythm of
their song. A pendulum ball is hung
so as to swing before the blackboard, and n
perpendicular line is drawn through the
middle of the arc made by the balls
motion. Time is marked with great pre-
cision by the passing of the ball across
this line. N. Z. Journal of Education.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

The CORPS Of cooking teachers meets once
a month during the school year, when re-
port is made by each teacher of the amount
and manner of work given; correction
made in subject matter or method as has
been found necessary by visiting the schools.
AT these meetings magazine articles are
read or reviewed and subjects relating to
cooking, such as new manufactured articles,
different methods of preparing food and
the composition and value of food materials
are freely discussed.
The course as given to-day begins with
study of the materials IN general use for
producing heat, after which the stove is eX-
amined and the name and use of the different
parts learned A fire is then made and
directions given for rolling and util-
izing the hest. This lesson is repeated
several times during the year, as it is
one Of the most difficult to learn. IN the
next lesson the means employed in supply
ing the city with water are explained and
by placing a saucepan of water on the fire
the difference between Slmmering, Scald-
ing and boiling are shown. An egg is
opened. the contents of the she'll examined
and named. then the effect that water at
different temperatures has upon tits shown,
from which it is learned that cold water
softens and dilutes the albumen, while
hot water hardenS it, and if it be allowed
to boil. toUghens il so that il becomes diff
ficult of digestion. Therefore, to cook it
properly albumen should be put into sim
mering water and simmered, but never
boiled.
Several slices of bread are toasted by
one member of the class, several eggs
poached by another, and the toast ar
ranged on platter with an egg on each
piece, seasoned and served by a third
member TO the Others. When the eggs have
been eaten the pupils repair to the long
table, where they write down the facts
learned about water and the eggs, also
the way in which The eggs We're poached
and served as a result of their own eX-
pertinent and observation. not from die
tation. These statements are corrected
by the teacher and transferred by pupils
10 notebook. where they are kept for
use when cooking at home. After the
pupils have finished, or while they are
writing, four other members of the class
proceed to wash the dishes, wipe and
put them away. replenisb the fire, ar
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

work to spend the hour and a half in the
kitchen, but a present there is scarcely
murmur against II, aud whenever there is
the objection is removed as soon as the
parent has visited the kitchen and learned
somethinG Of the work done.
II requires but one or two weeks after
the school opens to arrange all classes and
work to prevent waste of time and fric-
tiun. While one class is at the kitchen
the regular grade teacher employs the time
with the remainder of the school in divers
ways; sometimes 10y Individual instruction
a other times with drawing lesson or
such other lesson as is best given TO
few pupils at time. When the first class
returns from the Kitchen the second is
sent and the work repeated The teach
ers like this arrangement. as IL gives them
anupportunity 10 become better acquainted
with the work of each pupil and time to
help those who need extra instruction be-
fore ii is too late.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

the children are taught not only how to
make the stitches, but why they are made
and where to apply them.
The classes i'll plain sewing average
twenty-five pupils per class, and one hours
instruction week is given to each class.
Each child is furnished with a sewing
box, in which to keep work and sewing
implements, also a six-inch rule, which
is used in measuring hens, etc.
One yard of -bleaChed muslin fur
nishes material for the year to six third
grade children; colOred cotton tred and
blue) is used for this first Work, as the
stitch can more plainly be seen.
After getting a thorough knowledge OF
the stitches q work bag is made, on which
the years work can be applied.
In a similar manner, but advancing
gradually, the work of the fourth, fifth,
and sixth grades is taken up, each child
finishing the years work by making some
piece of underclothing material for this
garment heing furnished by the parents).
With this exception everything needed
for the sewing work is furnished by the
authorities.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

few representative recipes used in the
Cooking Schools are here given:
Reef Teal pound meat, pint cold water.
Select a piece of meat from the upper palI
- 10 round and after removing all fat cut
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

Recipes are frequently copied by friends
of the pupil, and used in preference TO the
old one. Many instances are reported oil
pupils who knew little or nothing OF COOK
ing when they entered the school, being
able after they leave to take charge OF all
cooking at home. Frequently pupils re-
turn TO thank the teacher for what had
been learned from her instruction, saying
they would have been in sore distress
without it. as they had been obliged 20 do
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
No0dl6 and Thread
Thou Ninblu PLY
SIX THOUSAND PUPILS LEARN
ING TO BE USEFUL.
In Sixty-fve Public School
Buildings Sewing Is
Taught by Experts.

at is token of healthy and gentle charac-
teristics when women of high thoughts and
accomplishments love to sew, as it makes them
al homo with their own hearts"
-Ndthdn;eI Ha,cth0rne.
~ URING the winterof 1887 asmaIap-
preparation was made for the intro
duction of lessons in Sc wing into the
- schools OF Washington About the
close of that year, two eachers We're
appointed to take charge of this work-a di-
rectress, and one assistant-and the work
was begun in such schools as it was thought
would be most benefited by it.
At an exhibition held in the old rink
building on street, at the close OF the school
year there was an extensive display OF
articles of clothing made in the sewing
schools, and the showing thus made demon
strated to the school authorities and parents,
that the years work had been a success,
and that what had been tried as an ex-
pertinent should be included in the regular
school course
When the next school year began four ad-
ditional teachers were appointed, and the
work was extended to all sections of the
city, and into few OF the country schools.
AS the schools increased in number more
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

In September, 1890, the more advanced
work of cutting and fitting garments by
measurement was introduced, the sixth
grade pupils being given this instruction.
Two rooms were secured and fitted for this
purpose, one located at Seventh and G
southeast, and the other at 494 Maryland
avenue southwest. Lastyear another school
for this work was started on o street, next
to Central High School, and stin another,
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

That a practical knowledge Of sewing 10
an requirement OF great value To women,
VIII not be disputed The utility of the
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
Big Blessings in tho
Form Of Littl8 Cooks
Here Is History of the Rise and Present Status of
Phase of School Work That Is OF Itself an
Excellent Course in Cooking.

SWe may live without poetry, music and art
N live without ana live without heart
We may live without friends, may live without books,
But civilized cannot live without cooks
The Washington times., 1895-06-19
POOR DOROTHY TRUE.

Poor little bored little Dorothy True!
A sad little maiden with nothing to do.
There's room to be busted, bed TO DE
made,
And eggs to be found, which the bantam
has laid.
There's wee little boyin the nursery near,
Who's sObbing and crying with no one to
hear.
But poor little, bored little Dorothy True
Still sits and laments she's nothing to dol
Margaret Seymour Hall, in st. Nicholas.
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

sewing course in our schools is apparent TO
all who examine thework done by the pupils.
Perhaps in the average family no aid 70
the mother is more acceptable than TO be
relieved Of the mending, patching and
daFning That the bright little girls OF
public schools can thus make themselves
useful IS now Well established
The sewing training is eminently praC-
teal After the necessary preliminary
lessons tue pupils begin the making OF
clothing and other garments, thus qualify
ing themselves for one OF the real duties
of after life from which only a favored
few are exempt
The system now in operation in this line
of practical education avoids all conflict
with the ordi nary book studies but in
jects spice Of variety into the school life
which is as wholesome as il is beneficial.
Experience has shown that q COEamenda-
( ble ambition to excel in this feminine art
/ is soon developed in the girls, and il is
/ rare thing to find a pupil who does not
/ devote her best efforts TO equal her COM
/ panions
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

a fine display of spontaneous work by
the children has been on exhibition at
the Franklin School for the past wo years.
This work was prepared with great care
by the teachers and pupils and expense By
the authorities, for the Worlds Fair, but
owing to g failure on the part OF Congress
to appropriate a fund for that purpose, it
did not reach its destination No doubt
it has done more good where it IS. as 1t
has been examined and admired by hun
dreds of our own people, not 70 speak Of
visitors from other cities
The Washington times., 1895-06-19

The names OF the teachers employed in
this useful work are: Mrs Margaret W.
Cate, directTess; Mrs. Mary c. Henry,
Mrs. Sarah NJ. Davidson, Mrs. Annie L.
Norris. Miss Ernestine r. Thornton, Miss
Isabelle SolOmons, Mrs. Clara L. Stanton
Miss Kate Graham. Miss Artie NJ Wells,
Miss Mary R. Smith, Mrs. EIinor NJ Col