The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1895-03-10
HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS.
HISTORY OF POTS AND KETTLES
AND PANS.


anity-GIass Bottles Supposed to
Be stiII OIder-stOveS of Ancient
Rome - Cups and saucers and
PIates-HistOry of Other Tools.
From the st. Louis Globe-Democrat.
Pots of earthenware were made by al
most every nation long before the dawn
of history. They We're probably the first
cooking utensils employed by savage peo-
pies. Bronze pots were unearthed by DR..
Schliemann at Troy. these vessels being
supposed to date from 900 B. c.: the same
sort OF vessels Of the same sort of metal
were found in Ninevah. supposed to date
from 1900 B. c. The Egyptian monu-
ments of 200 B. c. represents pictures Of
pots with handles and legs, evidently de-
signed to be placed over a fire. Iron pots
have been found in great numbers at both
Herculaneum and Pompei, and bronze
vessels. supposed 10 have been for
cooking uses, have been taken from many
Etruscan tombs.
Spoons We're the earliest table imple-
ments, with the exception of the knife
They are mentioned as used in China at
least ZOO B. c. Specimens of spoons Of
gold, silver and bronze, and dating from
extreme antiquity. have been found in
many countries. Apostles spoons, or
spoons in sets of twelve, each of the set
bearing on its handle a representation of
one of the apostles, were made in the mid
die ages. Unbroken sets are now rare.
only two or tbraa autba,tfn has,,,- t-..e.,...
though single spoons are comparatively
common. Spoons of bone or horn are now
made by our Indians.
Glass windows are known to have ex-
listed at Pompeii as early as A. D. 70. In
the third century the windows of royal
houses throughout Europe were glazed;
windows of cOlored glass were placed in
many italian and French churches in GA
and the use of glass became general In
private houses during the twelfth CEN
fury. The panes, however, were only
three or four inches square and the mate
rial was so inferior that while a room
was lighted IL was often a matter OF
some difficulty on the outside through
the glass For a long time windows in
England were subject to taxation.
The first table was undoubtedly the
stump of tree. The Egyptians as early
as 5000 B. c. used tables with one to
three legs Tables with rollers or casters
on were known in the ninth century.
Candlestick tables, small stands on which
a considerable number of candles were
grouped, were extensively in use in the
sixteenth century. Two or three of these
table candlesticks were placed in the
room, and from six to twenty candles
set up on each. The Romans at their
teasts did not use tables, as we now un-
derstand the term; permanent structure
was placed in the center of the ROOM
round which were arranged couches for
the guests.
Chimneys constructed on modern prin-
ciples were almost unknown to the an
clients, being used only in the large baths
where great quantities of hot water
were needed. Chatting dishes, brazers
of glowing Goals, and bottle of hot water
were emp eyed by the ladies of the mid
die ages to keep their rooms warm, and a
curious picture is extant of three Nor
man ladies chatting together, each with
a bottle of hot water placed between her
feet Chimneys are believed to have been
unknown in England until the twelfth
century, but by the end of the fourteeth
were generally employed in domestic ar
chitecture. For long time there was a
chimney tax all over England.
Pitchers, or vessels thus named, have
been used in almost every country. They
are often named in the Bible notable
instance being that of Gideon and his
band, who took pitchers and lamps and
thus frightened the enemy, though the YES
sells thus named correspond to our jars.
The Roman pitchers were really vases.
Two-handled pitchers for water were in
use among the Saxons, Germans, and
French in the sixth century. The am
phoreae of the Romans bore a distinct
resemblance to our pitchers They were
provided with one or two handles, We're
of different sizes, from capacity Of two
gallons to that of twenty, and the bot
tom was pointed, so that they might
stand upright in the sand of the cellar.
Bottles of leather have been employed in
Asia and Africa from the earliest times
and to the present day this variety of re-
ceptacle for water or wine is still in use
not only in those countries, but also to a
considerable extent in Spain, Italy, and
Greece. Whole skins of swine, and some
times of beeves, are employed, and a re-
freshing GOODNESS is impaired to the water
within by the constant evaporation from
the outside of the skin. This is the variety
of bottle referred to in the scriptures and
oriental writings. The Bible mentions a
tear bottle, probably of glass or some
metal, which was employed to contain the
tears shed by the survivors on the death
of friend Glass bottles were first made
by the Phoenicians, and after them by the
Greeks and inhabitants of the Italian pen
insula. They were certainly known to the
Romans before A. d. 70, being mentioned
by Pliny Many varieties of glass bottles
of all shapes and sizes, from the tiniest
vial to a glass jar containing two gallons.
have been found in the buried cities Bot
ties of glass were first made in England in
1853 They have been made Of paper in the
United States, patent having been taken
out for this manufacture in 1877.
The aneients slept on the floor or on a
divan covered with skins. During the mid
die ages beds were made of rushes heather
or straw 1t is believed that feather beds
were known to the Romans since a men
ton in one of the poets of men so lux
urious that they slept on the feathers is
supposed to refer to this kind of bed. He
liogabalus had an air cushion and also
an air mattress, 21S or 222 A. d. Feather
beds were employed by the better classes
in England during the days of Henry VIII
though they were considered luxurious
and were expensive.
The bedsteads of the Egyptians. Ro-
mans and Greeks closely resembIed our
couches. The Russian peasants place their
beds on top Of the family oven for the
sake of the warmth given by the fire
To the present daV bedSfeads in rra11..-5