davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04
NOTES ON EDUCATION.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO PU.
Pill AND TEACHER.
How the Voice of the Teacher May
Provoke SchoolrOom Disorder and
Disobedience-S State Uniformity in
Text Books Not Always Desirable.
"The schoolroom Voice."

There Is no doubt whatever that In
many instances the teacher herself
creates In the school-room the lnatten-
ton, disorder and rebellion which she
is constantly endeavoring to prevent
or remedy. What may be termed the
"school-room voice" is more provoca-
tive Of disorder and disobedlence than
all other causes combined.
We are all susceptible to the intiu-
ence Of voices. Occasionally we hear
one that rouses every element of our
nature into the most violent, and what
often seems the most unreasonable,
antagonlsm to the speaker. II can
never hear that woman speak," said
u bright young college student of one
Of her instructors; that don't Just
long to cuff her ears; yet she is one
Of the lovelIest members Of the fac
uly."
We are all familiar with that quality
of voice whose effect Is described in
the significant words, Setting ones
teeth on edge" and really the meta
phorical expression IL often the literal
truth. We generally conceive, roo, a
dislike for the person whose voice is
not agreeable to us, and are obliged ia
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

to this the cost Of administration until the
completion of the canal and the sum will
represent the total cost to the taxpayers
of the district benefited. This total
President Wenter confidently asserts, will
not reach S2S,000,000. Others think there
may be unexpected difficulties that wiz
raise the cost to nearly $30000,000.
Caring for the Men.
One Of the problems with which the
contractors have to deal is that of caring
for the men employed on the work. On
each section there are from 200 to 400
men employed, and the majority Of them
are so distant from any town that pro.
vision must be made for the men at the
work. For this purpose each section is
provided with n camp consisting of rough
frame buildings, some of them equipped
with hunks for sleeping quarters and 9th
ers with outfits for providing meals. Some
idea of the extent of this work can be
obtained from the fact that on one section
a bakery is established which turns out
from 400 to 800 loaves Of bread each day.
Some of the contractors carry on this de-
partment under their own supervision,
but others find it much more profitable TO
make n contract with a cOmmissary, who
furnishes bedding and provisions at II
stipulated price.
1t is stated that the prices being paid
for this work are far lower than those
paid for any similar work ever carried on
in the world and that this is particularly
true of the rock sections. The prices
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

ming cable at the top, by means of which
the buckets of spoil are rapidly conveyed
to the dumping place. The causeways
first constructed were not very successful,
but experience has led to several radical
improvements, until now, by the adoption
Of simple device, hit upon by ii. G.,
Locher, one of the contractors, they have
been brought to Il state Of efficiency which
makes them worthy competitors with the
cantilevers.
Curious Machinery.
Another curious and successful contriv-
ance that stands on the edge of the chan.
mel and dominates the prairie in the rc.
gon of Lockport, is turning tower with
a derrick and hoist on each side. 1t looks
more like II big, old-fashioned windmill
than anything else. The buckets or cages
of one derrick are loaded by the workmen
with blasted rock debris at the bottom Of
the channel. Then these are hoisted high
in the air, and the whole tower is set re.
vOlving, like n swing bridge, bringing the
loaded cages over the spoil bank, to be
dumped and throwing the opposite derrick
over the channel to receive its load. This
iiluclline Works rapluly una economically
On these sections which are partly in
earth and partly in rock all the usual
methods Oh excavation are IN vogue ana
several that are entireiy new. oh the
rock sectlohs tine sues are Gut DOWN VeftI-
chhy ny ciiahhe''ilg unacililies' ieaVihe
,he Sides OF inc I''nal' alter the chahhcl
mas Deeh piaS'eu OUT us snooth us II
lllide OF inc most neatly hhlsheu concrete
VI course steam urills are useu Ill Diast'
ing ana on Cne Sec'lons Whlcll are uoihg
tlle lilost proht"oie WORK these are Worheu
from centrum power SUTTON ny compress
ca ar Inc chnnheilhs hacniies cut inc
siues doWh VerticalIy 20 ueptn Oh Ten
ieet at eacn cut ms iaver OF Slope,
is blasted OUT ana then tue machihe cuts
10 TURNER deptn Oh Ten ieet' leaving only
SIN ihches OF onset 10 SHOW where the
new stOpe peeins' inc rock Is mus eN'
caVated IN tnree slopes OF layers, Inc
TOP layer is removed ny carts ana tram
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

ed in produces incalculable injury TO-
the throat and lungs Teachers, more
than any other class Of persons, are
prone to this misuse Of the voice and
the consequent physical suffering and
disability.
'How teachers should talk" win be
considered in subsequent article. 1t
is certain that they should be able to
talk easily, to talk agreeably, TO talk
in such way as to produce no injury
to the vocal organs, and at the same
time to do this talkipg-a vast amount
OF which Is so necessary--ln n way to
secure attention, command tespect, and
quiet disorder. All this is very easy
thing to do provided the teacher knows
AS she should know-how to do It,
The School Journal.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

and send them down the ST. Lawrence
instead of down the Mississippi" said tho
engineers. And they have done il, AT
the head of the river diversion they have
built an enormous safety valve, in the
form of "spillway," or dam, 307 feet
long and 1871 feet high, made of concrete
capped with stone, and flanked with
wings Of stone masonry. 80, when the
Desplaines goes on Il rampage, and the
water gauge above this spillway indicates
over 100000 cubic feet of flow per min.
ute, the surplus flood waters are dumped
across this dam and sent down the Chi
cago river to Lake Michigan. The river
diversion is all finished, This is 200 feet
wide on the bottom, with sides sloping
out, giving the cross section the form Of
prism. The pitch or grade of the chan,
mel is about one foot in mile and half.
Thus the river is successfully out of the
way.
The main drainage channel is now un,
der contract throughout its entire length,
from it's confluence with the Chicago river
ut Robey street to LockpOrt, Will Coun,
ty, ILL.,, twenty-eight miles to the south
west of Chicago. The work has been sub
divided into sections averaging n mile in
length. Beginning at the Willow Springs
road a midway point, the sections are
'lettercd toward Chicago from A to O.,
section o being that which connects with
the Chicago river. From the Willow
Springs road southwestward the sections
are numbered from to 10. These in.
cude the rock cut, and were the first to
be put under contract. Sections number
ed from | to II were LET in July, 1892;
section Is was put under contract last
August.
The lettcrcd sections running up to Chi
cago are, with some exceptions, cut
through glacial drift" Glacial drift
comprises the top soil, earth, muck, sand,
gravel, clay, hardpan, boulders-all the
loose debris deposited upon the bed rock
by the prehistoric glaciers that gouged
their trail along the Desplaines Valley.
The work on sections A, b and n portion
of G travePses the old bed of the Des-
PLANES river and has to deal with ooze,
which covers the clay to u considerable
depth. This is managed very eticacious-
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

go through an elaborated logical proc
ess Of mind in order to free ourselves
from the prejudice so engendered--
fortunate IL we can succeed in our en-
deavors.
Children are even more susceptible
to voices than are adults. they are
quickly woI or repealed by them, and
although they are themselves probably
ignorant of the cause certain tones
arouse in them an obstinate, sullen
and rebelliOus spirit. Contempt, too,
for the speaker Is sometimes excited,
as in the case Of the bad boy who wills
pered to his neighbOr while he pointed
to his esteemed principal "Jest hear
her! You might know we'd got COM
pany. She's got her dressy tone On"
Tones make far more impressions
than words Try to call child to you,
and no matter what hard words you
use to him If the tone is caress'ng one
he readily responds to it. Call him
the most endearing terms in a harsh
tone and he Is effectually repealed.
We hear persons talking In i'm adjoin-
ing room. Perhaps not word Of their
conversation Is ineligible to us, yet
we confidently assert, "They are very
angry" or, "They are very much
amused or, Somebody Is in trouble"
A good voice Is ''an excellent thing
in either man or woman, but to the
teacher 1t seems to be one Of the essen
tial elements Of success. The sus-
ceptibility to its influence upon the
part Of the child, the fact that he can
not escape from it, no matter how irrl-
tating it may be, and the necessity for
the teacher to be talking during the
greater part Of the time, all emphasize
the necessity for the tone to be an
agreeable--at any rate, not disagree
able--one.
There are many teachers who con
tend that pleasant tones ire impossi-
BILE in the school room; not that they
are not desirable, but that the large
ness or the noisiness of the room, the
inattention or disorder Of the pupil,
make the use Of them out of the ques-
ton. Such teachers believe and main
tain that it is only loud. hard and sharp
tones that can have the effect Of secur-
ing the attention or quelllng the dis
order of room full of children, and
regulated their voices on that ass imp
ton. There could not be greater mis-
take made.
Moreover, no bad quality Of voice
can be constantly used without its
having a bad physical effect upon the
speaker A Datural tone Is always an
agreeable tone, Natural voices can
never, at least, give offense, although
some possess far more sweetness than
others A hard, sharp Or nasal tone
is indication of wrong use Of the vo-
cal organs, and this wrong Use persist
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

high. 1t spans the channel, with its horns
running up over each spoil bank, and is
moved on II track as the work progresses.
Under it runs an elaborate and expensive
belt to convey the eXcavNted material
to the ends of the horns and dump it
over the spoil area. Nothing like this
machine was ever seen before on land or
sea. As it has failed, however, to work
as economically as the simple cantilever,
it is probable that it will not be dupli-
Gated.
One of the favorite pieces of apparatus
is the galloway. This consists Of two
towers, over 100 feet high, one on each
bank of the canal connected with u run.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

in the United States, certainly, and per-
haps in the whole world, for no other
great canals, but one great railway, and
no extensive system of dykes, docks or
dams are now in course of construction
anywhere. These statements may cause
some surprise, but they are true neverthe-
less. A similar state of affairs has not
obtained in this country for n score and
a half of years.
The big ditch now under way in Hi
nois is the fOrerunncr of various similar
works to be undertaken in response to "
new demand for a method of moving
heavy freight at lower rates than the rail.
roads can afford, even if at less speed,
although the primary use of this great
trench, which is known as the Chicago
drainage canal, will be to furnish an out
let for the sewage Of Chicago, so that
it need no longer pollute Lake Michigan,
whence the city gets its water supply.
But the canal is being built with special
reference, also, to it's forming one link
in the chain of channels, artificial and
natural, that shall connect the great
lakes with the Gulf of Mexico, and be
deep and wide enough to enable large
vessels to reach Chicago and thence all
ports upon the shores Of the fresh water
seas.
This chain of deep water channels will
be composed of the Chicago Drainage
canal, the Desplaines and Illinois rivers
and the Mississippi from Grafton, ILL.,,
south to the Gulf. The completion of the
work will open to ocean-going boats the
most extensive system of inland naviga-
ton in the world, LOO miles of lake,
1000 miles of large river navigation and
800 miles of canal and improved rivers,
1920 altogether, or onc-ffth more miles
than from New York to Southampton.
The Chicago Drainage canal proper will
be thirty miles long, reaching from Ash,
land avenue, Chicago, to Lockport, ILL.,.
and crossing the divide that separates the
basin of the great lakes from the valley
of the Mississippi. Ten miles of it are
cut through solid rock. often bed rock.
underlying tough boulder clay, and the
remainder through river muck and gla-
cial drift, to maximum depth of 80 feet.
The rock cut is 100 feet wide, with verti-
cal sides. The portion traversing hard
boulder clay is 210 feet wide on the bot
tom, with sides sloping out in prism shape.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

These wide portions make up twenty Of
the twenty-eight miles. The remaining
eight miles, which traverse soft earth
and can easily be dredged out to full
ship-canal width later, are but 10 feet
wide on the bottom, with slOping sides.
The minimum depth of the whole stream
will be % feet.
Work Proceeding Rapidly.
In two more years this great artificial
river will be draining Chicago into the
Mississippi and robbing Niagara of 300,-
900 cubic feet of water per minute, for the
benefit of the Gulf of Mexico-and of
those inhabitants of Chicago who drink
water. Yet it is but two years since the
first spadeful of earth was thrown. The
difficulties that have been overcome in
the work are far greater than would nat
urally be expected in country without
so much as hill or hummOck to break its
level mOnotony. One of these difficulties
was a stretch of ten miles of solid lime
stoned bed rock. But by the use of steam
channeling machines this has been cut
through, so as to leave wall as smooth and
straight and white as so much sawed ice
The greatest obstacle of all was the
Desplaines River, which numbered more
than a dozen miles of the path and threat
ened with its periodic floods TO sweep the
earth dikes of the new channel away at
every spring freshet. But the engineers
looked over the ground and calmly said:
I'VE will transplant the Desplaines river
And they have done it, building an entire
ly new river channel for more than thir-
teen miles, at cost of over $1,OOO,00O.
But what will you do with the flood
waters while you are building your river
diversion channel?" asked the skeptics
I'VE will spill them into Lake Michigan
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04
Teat OF tho Tencher.

The test Of the teacher is efficiency.
Not the showing he is able to make In
an examination. but the final result no
can produce in the character Of those
who come from under his hand, This
efficiency Is not the sort that can DO
counted upon always to work an In.
crease of salary. But to leave q last
ing mark on the mind and character of
pupil is the unmistakable sign of the
real teacher And the source OF
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

dumping apparatus, the power for which
is supplied from the locomotive The en-
gineer operates these dumps just as he
would apply the air brakes.
Up to the beginning of last November
there had been expended by the district
S2,370,O30 for right of way and $6,079,-
26O for construction, making total of
SS,440,200, This amount together with
the cost of administration payment OF
bonds, interest, etc, brings the total ex.
penditures Of the enterprise to date up to
over $l0,000000, The total estimated
cost of the work under contract Is; For
construction, S1S,74TS46; for right Of
way, $780, DDS; total, $21 ,354,074. Add
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

Iy by the use of hydraulic dredges that
send continuous stream of water and
black muck flowing through Il twenty.
inch pipe to any required distance within
5000 feet. Each of these dredges has II
capacity of $500 cubic yards in ten hours,
BY an ingenious use of revolving knives,
one contractor is also pulverizing the
harder material beneath the ooze, and is
pumping it out along with the water. This
river ooze, by the way, is proving bo-
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

The Maine schoolboy who hanged
himself because his teacher scolded him
must have been extremely sensitive.
The old way was to put tacSs In the
teachers chair or to lay FOR him be-
hind woodpile with hale dozcn
watcr-soaked snowballs when he went
home from school at night Boston
Globe.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

paid for the removal of the rock mostly
range from 70 cents to SO cents per cubic
yard, and it Is said that the lowest previ-
GUS prices on record for similar work have
ranged from $1.25 to $50. Prices paid
for glacial drift generally run from IL
cents to "a cents per cubic yard.
The pictures accompanying this article
show very clearly the nature of the work
now going on in Illinois, and some of the
novel and expensive machinery that 10
being employed. BY its use at least one.
third more work is accomplished in pro-
portion to the amount of money expended
and the number of men employed than
could have been twenty years ago.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

nanza to the owners of celery farms in
that region.
The apparatus used for excavating the
glacial drift varies on different sections.
according to the ingenuity of the various
contractors. But the most striking and
also the most successful device for rails
ing the spoil from the bed of the canal is
an enormous cantilever of bridge-like con
struction. The earth is first loosened by
the use of gang plows or steam shovels,
and then is loaded into large iron buckets
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

tremity. The apparatus works rapidly
and so successfully that there now eleven
Of these cantilevers in constant operation
on four sections
A still more imposing device spans the
canal near Willow Springs. 1t Is proba'
bly, the most unique piece Of machinery on
the continent, and can be seen for many
miles. 1t is n piece Of iron bridge work
in the shape of an enormous chair rocker,
nearly 700 feet long and over 100 feet
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

cllned track runs down into the cut, and
on this two cars, with capacity Of eight
cubic yards each, are keptrunning up and
down, being successfully loaded by steam
shoyels, drawn swiftly up the incline by
"A steam hoist and automatically dumped
over the spoil area, BY this combination
of devices an output of 100 cubic yards OF
earth per hour cnn be maintained all day.
The material is taken from the steam
shovels by cars fitted with pneumatic
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04
Song of the schoolma'am.

Inlk, tulk TAX,
TO your Tommy and Harry and Dick.
Moral suasion" them till
You could wish with will
For the reign of the 0ld-fnshioned stick.
Talk, talk talk,
And cndeayOr to vOcally prod,
To the virtuous way,
The bad boys that ench day
Need dose of the old-fashioned rod.
Talk, talk, talk,
But the boy of to-day is no fool,
And Suspension" Is a jest
A vacationa rest
From the arduOus duties Of school.
Talk, talk, talk
AS they struggle with needle and thread.
How to hem and to fell
And to back stitch you tell
Though to seNmstress' trade you're not
bred
Talk. talk, talk
With class Of but twenty or less,
One with fingers and mind
Unto sewing inclined
Might secure good lesson, guess.
Talk. talk, talk
With roomful of sixty or more,
Such n lesson-that might
BE source of delight
Just becomes detestable bore
Talk, talk, talk
We are patching old garments with new.
1t is really too bad,
But to match this new fad
All our schools should be changed through
and through.
Talk, talk, talk,
But oh, where on the face Of the globe,
Tell me where can find
Me new-fnngled mind.
And the patience ascribed unto Job.
Talk, talk, Talk,
And then read the new rules Of the beard.
If you venture to kick
You'll be dropped, oh, so quick
Ly, and that you can hardly afford.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

lowered from the end of the cantilevcr
overhanging the channel. The cHntlever,
which looks like an enormous iron bridge
with narrowed ends tipped up at an angle,
stands on the bank upon track running
parallel with the canal. 1t can be moved
along bodily by power as easily as
tn. bucket Is ,.- q incline to be
dumped autoiL - further ex-
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

this power lies not In the teach
er's requirements, but deeper in
the very fiber Of his character.
words have weight when there is u
man behind them" said the prophet Of
Concord. 1t Is the man or woman be.
hind the instruction that makes the
real teacher Il great deal more than Il
mere instructor.-E Edward Eggleston.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04
rhe NIillions Alrendy snent.

The biggest ditch in the world is being
dug in Illinois, and from 5000 to 5000
men have been employed upon the work
almost constantly for over two years. This
is the largest number of laborers employ
ed upon any single work of Improvement
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04
CHICAGO'S BIG DITCH.
DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT
DRAINAGE CANAL.

How IL Impressed Correspondent for
a New York Journal Described as
the Most Extensive Piece of Engi-
necrinE Work Under Way in World
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

A curiosity arrived in Baltimore on a
ship just from Hong Kong. 1t was
'chow" dog-said to be the kind thc
Chinese raise to be eaten.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

Birds are covered with feathers be-
cause these combine the highest degree
OF warmth with the least weight.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

Talk, talk, Talk,
And then read the new rules of the beard.
If you venture to kick
You'll be dropped, oh, so quick
Ly, and that you can hardly afford.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1895-04-04

go through an elaborated logical proc
ess Of mind in order to free ourselves
from the prejudice so engendered--
fortunate IL we can succeed in our en-