The sun., 1895-05-05

realm, with its centre first at Damascus and
then at Baedad, they did little moro than ex.
tend the civilization of Persia throughout this
extensive area and ass.mate to it tho various
elements they found already existing. 1t was
| with this nation of foemen. whom we are wont
to call by the generic name Of Saracens a
nation OF chevalers whose history and adven-
lures In the lovelest parts of the earth still
| onthral the Imagination. that the warriors of
| England and Normandy came into collision;
| and having started to deliver the Holy Sepul-
chre, as they supposed, from the maltreatment
OF savagcs, they found themselves in contact
with one of tho most cultivated and romantic
nations of the earth.
Yet. even the Crusades considered rs civiliz-
ing factors. seem to have been excclled by an
other source OF Oriental influence. We are re-
| minded by Mr.. Rowhotham that for some time
| the culture of the East had been coming nearer
| to France and England through an entirely diff
forent channel, to wit. through Spain. which. Mt
| tho beginning Of the eighth century, had been
transformed into Saracen province or, rather.
| Saracenc empire. With but little trouble had
the Mohammedan invaders subJugated that
fertile peninsula. imprinting on 1t the image Of
their Persian civilization. Palaces. mosques,
| and minarets rose like an exhalation in the
vanquished land. Arabian cities were founded,
Arabian universities were opened, and the lux
ury which was the wonder OF barbarous Europe
-, - So, 90 ''o'i '"' P"Sseu
=. - np.'" nia' III fe"uihH VI tne "e"''h
,.., a. -, o"o ~, " ~ W
an,a..,,... -, y. ns", ~
- , ~. y, .no niines Vi sou "au si'o'. VI
"Ni VI esa'' iuai , ,iou , 'ioui INC
.,s,ss 49,, -. s.l, vi" 'nA. In oo
s,,. Wy :" p.oruoIon run 'he sol'. onA'.
,hs aais. 80, "n wa, W s.' ."sy pouuoo
Ass.,., 80 "@, ooeo'.u on 'n' ,' 'o' VI
go ~ ~ SI",,' ". '. 'H '"''o
49,, - - 49, ,'', NA" M. W
nj. -, ~. 80, H ,,t. ~ " 40. 'io o'ie' u.
T., s".-. WV nv ~ 'Mo poopo e.en' ~,
G,.s.,s,,... ..A - W. 'Io y""As -, VI,
4, .h... - ~ ., aon Voc 80
.yi.ro. I,,...s T., ...,ss. =. -.
80 ~. -, NV .ns I'o' wv. W."
to.t,- .,I,.s t. WV no ,e .o
nsrnstn,, .onnds -, ;n.,r,,,an,. "a s.,".s
,.,.s .,., - ., 80 - ~,
.nr,.oo 80 ~. si,,,u 10 c"..a.. ~ .. ,"s ~.
.h. 49,. c.,,.. 80 o. .nV -,p orp.S.. y.
o,,o,,na .,,..us. ~. .I',,.,, =, "'
,,,.,,,,.,s , W. .u..' ,s "Au sAs
l., ,..,,.,s o.. a. 80 W. ~. NV" ..N .
....s .' 80 ,s. "e'' o''''u ""u '"o
C,.,., " ,,
~, ,.h, ~ NV 80.
..,, W." .''oi" .io" INC H"'''
80. l., st. -. 80 - ,.t .Apo
-. 90 ,,, ,,p"' w ,. .no t'aou''' VI in'n''iei''
...a ..no' s.'' ""o'o po..o' W
a.1 n..,onea Win approoa''on III
CIV ~ " " "9 oh
n,, 'oen WHY, ". ~ 'ee,n'' os i."ine
H,-,, 10y '.'', ". .Au , 1.,e' 'r ~, .uo
n.,a H,n'N y. - .a.n ,iaheiA.lol. ~ inese
,,.,as, .o - -. 49,, >Ns' W." e'ee' ""N
1o'S' -. ,"oi' A'o' INC, pe"p'e'' "eieh-
,u, W ~. ."eo ~ "uu .no, eu'iou"'inH',
W s W wy , 90 ~, '..uoe "o,o "no
""'' We "e'ef hea' vi 'he'n p'icihs tiieh-
, eeNo' a' 'no i.eau Vi uri''e' anu nurine 'nen-
,'Nes "s"'nS' 'A' enemy VI Vi '"oif eeieot
"s AZ. .oA."ou' "'u 'ue'"i'iatS i"uu"''on
'he hsn'er' 'ho law RNer' anu tho
s.o mo-" 'ne,e "a' 'o'e' III
s'n.s "uu hisi,au eh"u's
., reei'hs' ioVe' its nature. oo1ects' ana
ma ,s.os, s ,'''ss',uoes anu AssUc'"''ons' 81,
sbonkeepers. were all omen IN the minstr.ls
lavish in reward. and keen in annrec,ation
Amonv tbe middle md noorer clasae. th.ra
WAS of course no ouestSo of maintaining n
poet and musician on the staff of the domestic
Embellishments To.mcct their demands a elias.
of wandering minstrels arose who n.rambu-
lated the cities md country districts from bouse
70 house and repaled the comnanv with n song
or series of songs. generally after tho midday
meal. when the family was seated around the
fountain or sheet of water which plaved on the
lawn in the courts of their house, in the after
noon. Having selected from the stock at tn,
portcr,. lodge tho instrum.nt be nreferred
whether lutte. lyre. or dulcimer the MosIem
pleeman would he conduc,ed into IN.
court and bidden to sit down and be.
gin bis minstresv. Around him would hs
clustered the ladies of the small serurlio. and
no filter subject would suggest itself than the
fabrication of commitments and odulatorv
verses in nraise NJ tbosc who ant beforo him
At the request of the master of the house or
urged thereto by the contendino beauties tho
minstrel would address in biph-fown aatterv
one lady after another extemnoriz,no his verso
TO meet the requirements of tn. cass and com.
mencinp each sonp with the stock formula