Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-11-04
NOVEMBER STORMS
Where They Originate and the
Track They Follow.
TEN YEARS OF STUDY
Isobars and Wind Lines in Highs
and Lows.
WASHINGTON TEMPERATURE
by the U. s. Weather Bureau.

Prepared by the u 8. Weather Bureau.
1t was stated in the description of the
storms for October that the period of the
year covered by the months October and
November is the one of transition from the
warm to the cold season in the northern
hemisphere. These two months closely
resemble each other that nearly all the
statements made for OCTOBER apply equally
to November, and hence an opportunity will
be taken to give more minute account Of
the isobars and wind lines in type storm
filing the central valleys of the United
States. instead of repeating the description
for November.
In the count of the origin of storms for
ten years, as regards locality, it was found
that siXty-three storms commenced in the
elevated regions of the United States in Oc-
toter, and hfty-siX in November, and that
forty-four and thirty-five storms in the re-
spective months took their rise over or
rear ocean areas. Putting it all together
for the two months, 1874 originated over the
land and seventy-nine near or over the
ocean, SC that the percentage is sixty-three
of the first and thirty-seven of the second
kind. All these storms tend to advance to
the point of concentration the Gulf of St
Lawrence, and about three-fourths of them
reach this place; and are either disspiated
there or pass out to sea in the general east
ward drift of the atmosphere in this lati-
tude. 1t is not very definitely known what
proportion of the American storms arrived
at the shores of Europe, but it is not very
great, and it is certain that almost every
one of the western storms break up in the
Interior of the Euro-Asian continent, in
stead Of trarersing 1t to the eastern coast
of Asia. -'--
Pleasant Months.
1t is generally observed by the public that
these two months embrace some of the
pleasantest weather Of the year, which is
characterized by cool, dry air, with quite
rapid succession of alternately warm and
cool or cold days. The reason for this con-
dtion is easily understood. We have dis
cussed storms and storm tracks, and have
said less of the high areas of pressure that
accompany them. 1t would be more accur-
ate to say that the lows or storms attend
upon the highs and are really SubServient to
them. At any rate, looked at from more
general point of view, procession of highs
and lows of cold and warm masses of sir
east. The lows hang along the borders of
the highs in order to accomplish the courses
marked out for them. s-
Highs From the West.
Now. in October and November, the highs
originate chiefly in the continental areas
north of Montana and Dakota, more so as
the winter comes on, though number of
course, come in from the Pacific. At this
season the continent has become quite dry,
as the surface evaporation has been going
on rapidly since summer, and the supply
from the ocean has greatly diminished IN
consequence of the fact that the atmosphere
tends to descend from the higher strata Upon
the continent, and to blow thence outward
upon the ocean. In other months, when
the land is warmer than the water. the cir
culation is from the ocean to the land, and
this brings in moisture with the air to keep
the ground full of water near the surface
The dry highs are like sponges, ready to
suck up by evaporation all surface water,
but when this supply fails then the original
dryness of the air is maintained a the winds
blow over the country.
Furthermore the general lowering of the
temperature of the atmosphere at this sea-
son. owing to the withdrawal of the sun
10 the southern hemisphere, is unfavorable
for the air If the lower strata to retain
much aq leous vapor in suspension. If the
temperature If the air Is Sc degrees Fab
renheit, with barometer near 30 inches it
can hold about twenty-five grams of water
Der cubic meter before saturation takes
place, but If the temperature falls to 90
degrees 1t can sustain only seven grams,
and if to IA degrees only two grams. Now,
on inspecting the maps, it is seen that in
the morning we are dealing with tempera-
lures of 80 to so degrees Fahrenheit and
therefore dry air can take up only three
to seven grams of water in the cubic meter
The consequence of these two causes is to
produce dry weather, and this will con-
tinue as long the continental cooling
keeps the air, on the W hole, blowing toward
the oceans, or as long as great high areas
OF dry air fill our central regions. The sta
tistics show that the Middle and South At
lantic states, the gulf states, the Ohio and
Mississippi valleys are very dry On the
other hand, the lake regions and New Eng
land have a large number of rainy days.
, the precipitation, however, being very
light for the most part.
Further inspection of the maps of the
weather bureau discloses the fact that dur
ing these two months the storms that pass
over the main track, along the lakes and
the river st. Lawrence are well formed
even strongly developed, as the high winds
on the lakes and the New England COAST
TESTIFY. Yet they often pass over their en-
tlre course of three days duration almost
perfectly dry.
The following data, compiled from the
weather bureau records at Washington, D.
c., cover the period for the month of No
vember for twenty-five years. and sbonia
prove of value and interest in anticipa ting
the more important meteorological elements
and the range within which such varia-
tons may be expected to keep for the com
ing month:
NJ an, or normal temperature As degrees
Warmest month. 1890; average As degrees
Coolest month, 1880; average, 10 degrees
Highest temperature, so degrees, on tho
18th, 1879.
Lowest temperature, IL degrees, on the
221, 1880.
Average date on which first killing" frost
occurred in autumn, October 90
Average date on which last killing
frost occurred in spring, April A.
Average precipitation for the month, 2Ss
inches.
Average number of days with OF of an
irch or more, ten.
Great st monthly precipitation, IT'S inches;
in 1877.
Least monthly precipitation, O79 inches;
in 1880.
Greatest amount of precipitation recorded
in any twenty-four consecutive hours 2S3
inches; on the oath, 1877
Greatest amount of snowfall recorded in
any tw enty-four consecutive hours record
extending to winter of 1SS4-5 only, %
If ches; on the 9Th, 1891.
A mn Of ala da,.r q. ar4l.,