Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1895-04-18
SCIENCE ANc INDUSTRY.

The shipping OF all nations is OF the
approximate value OF $1.10O, 900, 600,
while the 10000 locomotives at work
represent a value of 81 900. 100000. The
railways give employment to 1894 900
people, while shipping employs only
7O5. 900.
DIR. Vogel. who recently examined
the water of the Blue Grotto Of Capri
with the spectroscope, found that the
red and orange Of the solar spectrum
were extinguished and that a new dark
band was visible, which does not occur
in ordinary water. The same phenom-
enon was observed In the water outside
the cave. 1t is not noticeable, however.
in the waters OF the so-called green and
red grottos.
Statistics give the mileage of all
the railroads on the globe at the end OF
1892 at 4O6,4l6 miles, or one mile to
every 1876 inhabitants. Puerto Rico is
the state containing the shortest length
of railway, numbering II miles, and
the United States has by far the great
est-174,7s4 miles. Next, but a long
way behind, comes Germany, with 27,-
455 miles, then France, with 24,O1s
miles. The United Kingdom is fourth,
with 2O.325 miles, and Russia fifth, with
1866 miles.
Most insects, says scientific OBJ
server, seem to be deaf to the sounds
which are heard by human beings. At
the same time there is no question that
they produce sounds and hear sounds
that are entirely beyond our own
range of auditory perception. Sir John
Lubbock has said that we can no
more form an idea of these sounds than
we should have been able to conceive
notion of red or green If the humanrace
had been blind. The air is doubtless
often vocal with the sounds made by
insects of so high pitch as to be en-
tirely out of range of mans power to
hear.
M Raoul Pictet has been expert
menting with cotton wool and other
bad conductors at very low tempera-
lures to test their power to prevent
radiation. Copper cylinders were
cooled down to ITO degrees below
centigrade and packed in layers Of
cotton wool of various thicknesses.
The cylinders rose to 80 degrees be-
low zero very quickly, whether naked
or packed in cotton wool 20 inches
thick, the cotton wool acting like a
perfect conductor of heat. Above 80
degrees, however, the influence of the
packing made itself felt, the rate Of
warming varying with the thickness
of the layer.
"A recent report on the new gold
fields of South Africa shows that the
gold belts have an east and west direc-
ton, and are from five to twenty miles
wide. At various places within these
mining belts ancient workings have
been discovered. These workings are
generally several hundred yards in ex-
tent and vary in depth from twenty
five to fifty feet. ''As regards the eco
nomic conditions, labor, wood and
water are abundant and cheap. The
cost of living is low. The cost of trans
port at present is much against cheap
ness of handling, but this obstacle
will be removed by the railroads now
in course of construction"
by way OF EXPERIMENT the hapnael
cartoon gallery at the South Kensing-
ton museum has been so lighted as to
shut out the most important actinic
rays; thus, it is stated, while the rays
which cause paintings to fade are ex-
cluded the effect Of white light is OBJ
tanned. The method adopted is the
glazing of a skylight with alternate
layers of green, blue and yellow glass.
The gallery has been visited by artists,
who are of opinion that the pictures
therein exhibited are seen in their
true colors, while the public have not
the least idea that there is any differ
ence between the lighting of this and
the liphtinp of any other Qallery