The Hocking sentinel. [volume] (Logan, Ohio) 1871-1906, 1895-02-28
MllK...iTS PRODUCER AND PRO.
SUCTION.


Abstract of Introductory Lecture to
Course Before the Agricultural Student
of the Ohio State University, by Pro
q. r. Morrow. Champaign. Ill.
You are TO be congratulated on be
ing able to avail yourselves Of the ex
cellent facilities here offered to ait
you in preparing to be intelligent farm
ers. in the general meaning of tn
word. or dairymen. The importanc
of the dairy interest is recognized b.
the establishment of an increasin.
number of special dairy schools, th'
great value of which has been full,
proved.
There are different classes of dairy
men, but the profitable production o
milk is the basis of success in each
whether the milk is to be directly uset
as food or manufactured into butter ol
cheese-and is an important consider
alton with a multitude of farmers no
ordinarily classed as dairymen. There
Is tendency to give chief attention tx
the process of manufacture or ques
tions affecting the marketing of tn,
products. The design of this course j!
TO discuss the production of milk.
There are four chief elements in sue
erssful dairying: the man, the COW, the
place. the equipment. The man i:
most important because he selects ano
controls the others. 1t is the work o.
the chool to develop him. Important
rs is Is work in helping him to learn
the art of dairying, it will do him still
greater good if he will allow it to help
him educate himself in the wider
meaning of the word.
The place will largely affect decision
es to branch of the business to be en-
gagged in. and the class of cows and
nature of the equipment to be selected.
In the vicinity of large or small cities,
or where there is ready transportation
TO the former, the direct sale of milk
or cream is often the most profitable.
For the largest number of dairymen
and farmers making dairying minor
branch of their work, the sale OF milk
for manufacture into butter Is the
wiser course. For many the sale OF
milk for cheese making is best.
Comparatively. rarely is it advisable
1OI lAS aahN 4al AhCi w SA5 o6 49, S~~~
home manufacture of cheese. For
breeders and general farmers, the chief
use of milk is as food for calves or
their own families.
In the natural condition, cows have
three chief functions: First, to live and
grow; second, to produce offspring;
third, to nourish and care for the off
op.;.., DiffarinS co,- litivnS OF life
and natural selection caused marked
variation in wild cows, and mans con-
troll of the conditions of life. and his ar
bitrary selection. has greatly increased
these variations in size and form, as
we'll as in minor characteristics-in the
ability to give milk and in the quality
of the milk produced. The dairy farmer
has to decide what he wants, how to
get the COW which will have the capa-
bilities to meet these wants, and how
TO manage the living machine SO as to
receive the highest efici, ncy, as well
ms how to dispose Of the product when
the COW hns given it to him.
Perfection can not be reached. It is
impossible to combine in any COW or
any breed all desirable qualities, each
developed to the hiFhsst degree. E.
traordinary excellence CT development
in any quality is usually accompanied
by comparative weakness in some
other There may be symmetrical
development of all natural functions.
cccd degree of excellence in each
without injury to any. A foundation
rrinciplc in the selection or i'm
prove mcnt OF cows is that choice must
be made between extreme development
of one or a few qualities, and fair ex-
cellence in several or all
There are breeds, and a very large
number of Individual cows which give
conclusive proof of the possibility of
development along one or the other of
these lines. Breed characteristics have
been firmly fixed. not only as to size.
shape. color, form or absence of horns.
hut also as to ability to produce milk
in large or small quantity or of given
quality. Cows of any well established
l,reed differ more. however, in their
capacity than they do in
outward cAaracteristics. In all breeds
there are cows which produce little or
no milk. as there are cows which pro-
duce no offspring. The quality of the
milk given by cows of tho same breed.
while generally much alike. frequent
ly differs greatlv. as may that given
by the same cow uncer different condi-
tions. In perhaps all fairly improved
reeds there are cows with great abil-
it - mill. producers.
in selection, the dairynan may we'll
be guided by breed characteristics;
still more by a knowledge of the per-
formances of the ancestry, attaching
importance to these in order of near
ness. He may properly attach much
to general form, for there
is a wcll-de6ned dairy form" He
may consider temperament and a num-
her of outward indi cations as signs"
But any or all of these may mislead
him. There are too many exceptional
cows to enable anyone to judge with
certainty of the merit of an individual
COW by any other method than test of
performance through considerable
period; the decision to be based not on
ly on quantity and quality of product
but also on the conditions under which
these were secured.
In subsequent lectures the breed
characteristics and adaptations as
shown by frequent tests, and the value
of form and other outward character
istics, will be discussed, with suggest
ions as to feeding, and management
for the most profitable production of
milk of the desired quality {.
The question whether monkeys
can smoke has been settled in the af-
irmative at the Jardin des Plantes,
Paris. where mischiavous boys hsvs
taught several occupants of the mon
key house to smoke cigarettes, which .
tney grew to enjoy hugely.
oh, why is heaven built SO far? Oh!
why is earth set SO remote? ! can not
reach the nearest star that hangs |
p float. ] never watch the scattered |
of star>, Or suns far-trailing train,
I all my heart is one desire and all
" sain.-Ch Christina Rossetti.-
The Vitality OF Seeds.
Among the different investigations
f the horticultural department of the
tate university, under the charge of
,rof w r Va,aphr has hean tie I