The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1895-07-03
1OS Wall St.. 4. Y.

ana one Oh the SludlleSL VI hUo"u
germs. This bacterium is believed to
penetrate the tree through the flowers
or the delicate surface of the expand
ing bads. Almost any delicate sur
face covered with nectar seems to serve
as a point OF entrance. After penetra;
ton the gerrl may lie dormant month
or longer before beginning to operate.
Whence It come none can say. Bac-
terra retain their vitality for long
time, even in dead matter as servered
limbs and branches, and in suitable
atmospheric or other media flourish
and multiply. Through such atnos-
pheric media they are transferred to
the point of penetration in flowers or
bud. The bacteria are readily trans
mitted bv inoculation. This IS abso-
lutely settled.
NO variety seems absolutely to re-
sist, though Seckel is probably least
subject, and Bartlett, as stated, the
most easily affected. Kieffer resists
well, as did lie Conte for a long time.
though now blighting badly in all
sections Moisture seems to favor
the propagation Of the germ, and
hence, generally those varieties con-
tanning most water are the greatest
sufferers
Remedies, he said, are altogether
preventive, not curative, and may be
summed up briefly as follows:
q. Cultivate as little as possible and
fertilize no more than is absolutely
necessary. This for the reason that
the exudation from the trees contain
ING the germs drops on the ground
and the media in the soil afford better
conditions for propagation when they
rich IN nitrogenous compounds.
.'2. After the orchard gets four or
FIVE years old instead Of cultivation,
seed down permanently in some grass
best adopted to the locality. The trees
will then be strong enough to main
tain fair growth in spite Of the in
cumbrance of the grass.
''3. While the trees are young and
the land in cultivation, before grass is
set, spray after each working or cul-
tivation, the soil, not the trees, with a
weak solution or Bordeaux mixture.
This is as yet tentatine, but can do no
harm. It will probably prove bene-
fetal, as copper sulphate has been used
successfully upon artificial culture of
the bacteria in question. At any rate
it can do no harm. Ifdesired the lime
can be left out Of the mixture and cop
per sulphate solution alone used, as
the foliage is not expected to be
touched. Use, say, four pounds cop
per sulphate to fifty gallons Of water.
"4. As the bacteria are believed to-
enter the tender shoots and proceed
downward and toward the larger limbs
and trunk, the most effective remedy
will probably be found in outlining off
the diseased limbs, so far in advance
of the blight, as it progresses, that
only the sound tissue will be left.
IS. AS the germs retain their vitality
for long time, care must be taheste9
burn Systematically aud Thoroughly
all pruned wood and leaves, and keep
the orchard at all times free Of them.
IS. As the bacteria are readily COM
municated by incubation, it is advis-
able, if not necessary, to sterlllze the
pruning knife or saw by immersion IN
carbolic acid, after each amputation,
that the germs may not be communi
Gated to healthy tissue in another tree.
The above precautions will result
in a considerable diminution of the
disease if carefully followed.