davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18
Sent It to His Mother IN Germany

Mr. Jacob Esbensee, who is in the employ
of the Chicago-Lumber Co, at. Des Mones,
Iowa, SAYS II have just sent some medicine
back to my mother in the old country, that
know from personal use to be; the best nIrdi-
cine in the world for rheumatism, having
used i, in my family for several years. 1t Is
called Chamherain's Pain Balm. I always
does the work - 80 cent hotties for sale by
DR.. A. J. China; So.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18
COLUMBIA FEMALE COLLEGE.
COLUMBIA, S. c.

EULL ELECTIVE aud degree courses.
+ Fifteen Departments of lastrnction.
Aole Faculty OF Specialists and distinguished
corps ot Lecturers Deiighiui grounds.
Magnificent; hullding, on which Sl2, SEQ 90
expended this year improving aud en'arging;
we'll f@ruishel: equipped with al modern
appliances. laboratory Society Halls !;
Gymnasium elegant Studios Library and
Reading Rooms: Telescope; new Caemleal
aad physicsl Apparatus Al rooms We!
fnrniS5eC. carreied ana ii-.hie': with gas :
boz aud cold baths oa every :ioor; bot
wuJe, hea, Peck -S:nea.i clc>e!S Pn:e tiS-
tern Water: Tennis Courts; lntustriai
ilops reducinc board 70 So 8 year Fe.e-
phone Electro Bells \ nuia5er OF Scaoi-
arSnius Fall term hegiuS Sepea Der -
For farther information. Apply i
REV luli& \ RICE 4 NJ, %.
SEPT Il ''S'1e''''
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

Camp Dick Anderson, United Coutedent'e
Veterans met Saturday for the purpose o: vot-
ing for MajorGeneral Of the s. c. Division,
U. V The Camp voted unanimously FOR
G.. Irving Wa lker for !he position.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

ghe- Constitutional Con yentioa. is "a
bssiosss-liks.b body and msabslieve chat
asmsjo,risy of the delegation viii labor
sssarpest1ly. 10 frame !. broad, liberal and and
clear ,doauueat fOr the government s=!' OF
sbe7Ssate.... We hope for the best pos
sibse result zand believe thasecritieism at
sbis dearly ssags Of the ptoceedings;is is
nntimely and out Of place. When 'l. the
committees have made their reports !: will
be ample time for criticism. Z, ss-.;::.,..
TIE, manner 10 which the America
Cap races were terminated. causes
general regret throughout the country
Itis pity that so true a sportsman as
Lord Danrayeo should leave the coun-
i sry itfuts dissatisfied The Defender demon
s,rased that she is a. better boat than the
1Na.s yrie, aad this but; adds to the re-
gres that the contest should not have
been fairly settled iu an open sea with
out cause for Dissatisfaction on the part
Of. either d.eers,i. - @.4=s ~. -:
ii TIE ssDi;itD est of tue ooostlsution 81
Coz veatiou seems 10 be 70 provide for
The, creation of new eoa u,ies. by Eedn:-
CHG the area required and then leave
the matter to she action of she e heg7sla-
To- This We believe to be the visess
pol,ey.. The Convention has a great
deal tao much work Of the highest lm-
por4ance TO be consuming time wieh-ihe
new county matter
The E'ge6eid 4Adpertiser says that
zoe propositioa- to create number 70
new counties is a scheme Of the, ants
90 disrupt the Reform faction. Ben
TilIman is engaged in a new work for
him, then. if this be true.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

The Graded Schools opened this morning
with n nrge ATTENDANCE at both the white
and colored schools The -nrollment this
year will probably be Mrg-- than ever BE-
fore. The Tenth Grade is tl.' largest in the
history Of The school
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

=. Before going on n. sea-voyagt OF into the
country, be sure and pu, a box Of Ayers Pills
in your valise You may have occasion 10
thank US TO! this hint To relieve c"ns'ipa-
too, hiliousuess, and nausea, Ayers Pi!isare
the best in the world They arc also easy to
take.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18
+. FIRE ia. Columbia.

Fire broke OF, in The Allisnes store in
Co1nmbia abput:3 O'Clock Friday nno'uine.
but was extinguished before spy great damage
was ,dsnr The loss is tuiy covered by ~
Surance.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

UTANTED-Sa lesmen. One to each couu-
wv ty-in Sumter, Kershaw, Clarendon,
Darlington and Richland. A man with
horse and buggy preferred. This is ! op-
porrupity for any IDA /, with even a' ordl-
nary educa,ion To obtain good paying EN-.
nloyment for the remainder of this scar and
All of 1896 Those interested should write
md arrange 10 see me personally. ). r.
Hodge, Sumter, ). Z. Sep. l6-N
w &S-5t
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

N7ANTED-Eaergeuc Agents to take
w subscriptions for the .Watchnoa and
South7on until January lst. Money TO be
made Address NC. Osteen, Proprietor,
Sumter S C.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18
q EDITORIAL NOTES.


The formation qf Salem z0F Calhoun
county will rot ipjnre Sumter. and if the
ggnple, Of the seesipps1to be, .n94eesporsssed
in ,bedae# eoaaey dssirezsit} }ekags sbould
be granted what they ask.
800 sd aas .: z ,..:ss...>' ..ss2s...'
s'zl:T Eobs:t :'. .z.Atdf'ea I7 70 = saa aiab y
much nerve. fenhs easfiea;asaconp ptete
constsHtiiss iissso 70 4aambls if big poke.
and pruposed sjssasEa whole will
venture i TO s. predict. however. that Mr.
Aldrichaewill;5= not recognize; bis e~o
child when the various committees finish
-tsFxe=r-~~---------'-
Nltp Is. al..,=-,.,,:-,y .,t;T, e1I-:-ai
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

The Princeton Sack will be woro
a good deal this season, 1t is a long
4-Bunon Cutaway Sack, square Shout
ders. corset waist and perfect fitting in
every respect. have them Of the
most popular fabrics. u
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18
ANTS.

A DyERTISEMENTS of FIVE lines or less
~ will be inserted under this head for Is
cents for each insertion. Additional lines
5 cents per line
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

In addition rc the Oxford,
princeton aad Regent suits. |
have fall ln~ of crher>. IN Sacks.
Cutaways aud Pence Aiberss, from the
cheapest 10 the finest Also complete
line of Bo.'s Suits, ;ac.u;:ug the GELS
b7ated Mrs Jane Hopkins make
II YOU want anything in The way Ct
Clothiag. Hats aud Furnishing Gecds,
tank it Will be 10 yeur interoS: fe see
what have before buying
ReSpecifr!.y.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18
SALE OF B. &. 1. STOCK

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN, THAT
IN the undersigned by virtue OF author
ity in j vested. viii sell FIVE shares Of stock
OF The Peoples Building and Loan Assoca-
tiou. 20 the highest bidder for cash, on
Wednesday Oct. ID, 1885, At O'Clock p.
II, al lis office on Main Street, in the C{ty OF
Sumter, s. c. The said stock is 10 oe sold
as The. property of Wm. B Brown, 10 satisfy
a deb, due to said Association by him, aud
unpaid, ss evidenced by his bond aud mort
gage bearing date November 18th. 1892
THE PEOPLES BUILDING AND LOAN
ASSOCIATION OF SUMTER, S. c.,
BY Z. O. Purdy, Sec. s Treas.
SeJt II
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

Pencil ar6 a Pencil sharperer foi
-oa cents IT =. 6. osteec s Co.'S
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18
Gbf 'Q@.Nleslt QNesaltts@ulap 3ll9 s91tbroI}.
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. IS, 1895.

.eThe Sansse7s Watcan,asls was founded
sia:;' s:Gr. ~ iasss :. "a .. s,..i -:
ind 85N aud tae :1.aas Seafhraas in l 500,
Tie sas}|exaan qaa ,ssastar9'l row has
the combined circulation aud influence
Of beth Of, the old papers and. IS: mani,
fesspy Tie best advertisin e medium 10
) a:i.i: :: ii:i,t.ia,: :i1 =: =. 81: =: ~
Sumter. ..;!s:sii:. e 2 Z ::cs s:i:...:.t.::
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1895-09-18

!; =: JOHN H FuRMAN, VI. b,
PalvATEER;r Sept, 8, ls95--
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28
THE TEMpLARs.

1t is estimated that seven hundred
and fifty thousand people saw the pa
rade Of over $4,000 Knights Templar
in Boston yesterday, and with one &C.
cord pronounced it the grandest page.
ant ever witnessed in that city. The
lines Of the parade were formed in
thirteen divisions in a column of double
sections. New York, Virginia and
Vermont were represented in the fifth
division. 1t was nearly 6 o'clock when
the last commandery broke ranks at
the foot of Washington street and the
traffic was resumed. All the after
noon the street car system was almost
entirely suspended, even in the streets
through which the parade did not pass.
When the cara did start up there was the
greatest rush aver seen in Boston. The
knights presented q splendid appear
ance on parade, and with very few ex-
ceptions completed the entire line of
march.
It was noticeable that southern COM
manderies in general received a hearty
ovation all along the line, and that
Dixie" struggled with yankee Doc.
die" for supremacy as their favorite
airs.
The southern visitors can certainly
not complain of any lack of warmth in
their reception by their Yankee hosts.
The women in particular seemed to
have e special fondness for the knights
from Dixie's land.
The programme for to-day includes q
session of the conclavein Masonic TEN.
pie, grand exhibition drill on the Bos.
ton baseball grounds, and in the evening
the grand Communicates of Massachn,
sets and Rhode Island will give o re-
ception at Mechanics Building in hon.
or of Most Eminent Sir Hugh Nc
Curdy, grand master, and the officers
of the various grand Communicates.
Last night several bsnquets were en-
To-day the conclave will begin
tho transaction of its regular business.
The Boston papers are filed with in
teresting matter about the knights
Templar. Virginia and her prominent
Knights come in for their share of a.
tention.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28
EYidence Against Holmes.

CINCINNATI, August pa special
from indianapolis. Ind, this morning
says: The county coroner and the pc.
lice have gone to Iryington to get to-
gether all of the remains of the Peitzel
body and collect the mass of evidence
that is developing against 81. e..
Holmes. A complete circumstantial
case is possible. The identity of Holmes
as the man who occupied the house in
[rviDgton has been completely establish :
ed so far as recognition of photographs
is conclusive. The family of Ed. Bran.
ham, who occupied the house after
Holmes left it, suspect that other bodies
may by found. Mrs. Mckee says that
she could not cook in the kitchen be-
cause the odors were so bad when she
first moved in and that the children
could not play in the barn because of a
stencil there. The kitchen odors are
explained by the discovery of the bones
last night, but the barn is thirty yards
from the house. The last seer of
Holmes at Irvington was about the 18th
of October when early in the morning
George Armstrong, q laborer, saw him
emerge from the house.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28
Foreign News.

HONG Kong, Aug. 2S.--The inquiry
of the investigating committee into the
recent outrages at Ku Cheng is pro.
ceeding satisfactorily. Ten members
ofthe vegetarian society have been con-
victed of participation in the outrages
and the trial of others is in progress.
LONDON, 28.--The Queen arrived at
Balmoral this afternoon.
Arthur George Egerton, Viscount
Grey de Wilton, son and heir of the
Earl of Wilton, was married in the
church of the Holy Trinity, Chelsea,
this afternoon to the Honorable Marietta
Thellusson, youngest daughter ofBaron
Rendlesham.
The great Ebor handicap plate Of
1000 sovereigus for 8 year olds and
upwards, one mile and three-quarters,
was run at the York August meeting
to-day and was won by Sir r. Jardine's
Llanthony.
Isolde and Luna raced oyer the Royal
Torbay course, % miles today, finish
Jag as follows: Niagara, 1850; Isolde,
1929 and Luna, 1886.
QUEBEC, Aug. 28.-The public &C.
counts for the province of Quebec fer
the year ended June 80 are now in the
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28

IT WAS stated in the GAzETrE's
Washington correspondence a day or
two ago that at least three thousand
idle negroes had followed q negro band
in that city for hours during the busy
time of the day, and that 8 farmer
who saw them said there was work
for all of them in his county at fair
wages, if they would only look.for it.
There are thousands of white people in
the same condition-idle, because too
lazy either to look for work or to do it
when found. There is plenty Of work
for competent and efficient workmen,
and though they may not at first be
able to get full wages, all that is re-
quired for them to do so, is to show
their efficiency and their willingness. In
stances are ofdaily occurrence to prove
that applicants for work who ask only
for enough to support them until they
can manifest their worth and capacity.
in a short time u permanent places,
to both their own and their employers
interests.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28

Now that Mr.. John 1. Davenport's
crookedness in private affairs has been
demonstrated in Washington, where. ac-
cording to the newspapers thereof, he
has defrauded almost every body with
whom he has had business transac-
tons, the republicans of New York
may possibly conceive the idea that
Senator Hill knew something of his
public affairs, when he accused him of
crookedness in them also, while he was
their delight as the supervisor of cleo
in that city.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28
T~ELEGRApHIC BREYITIEs.

Patrick Gayan Duffy, e1-Police JUS
tice of New York city, died this
morning.
The failure of Alexander Leyd was
apnoupced at the New York Consoli-
dated Exchange this morning.
The house of Judge W. w. Byington,
ten miles southeast of Springyiew,
Neb., has been found burned to the
ground and the family missing. 1t is
thought by some that lightning might
have struck the house and all burned
in it. Others think that there has
been foul play.
Work was begun to-day on the Bal
timore end of the Baltimore and Wash
ington Electric Railway. Work was
begun last week on the Washington
end. 1t is the intention to operate
both ends Of the road when finished
while the work is in progress on the
middle sections.
Theodore B. Gillian, supreme Or
gaDizer of tho Oriental League, was
killed by an unknown man last night
in a fight at Slaughter's Park, Louis
vile, KY, caused by the ejectment of
some disorderly spectators from an
open air performance under the direc-
ton of Gillian.
"Billn Lowell and his son Amos, who
were arrested in Fleetwood Park yes
terday afternoon for violating section
35 of the Percy-Grsy racing law, by re-
ceiving money for bets and recording the
same on the race track, were arraigned
before Magistrate Wentworth in the
Morrisania, N. Y, court this morning
for examination. They were held for
trial and fixed bail at 81, 800 each.
Annie Postulka, As years old, was
murdered in New York this morning
by her husband, Charles Postulka, .
butcher. Toe murderer's explanation
of his act is that he went home unex-
pectedly and found q strange man in a
compromising position with his wife.
He picked up g small butcher knife and
mutilated and slashed her terribly uu-
til she WAS left q mangled corpse on the
floor. The murderer was arrested.
Justice Slower, of the Supreme Court of
Now York, to-day rendered Q decision sustain.
ing the constitutionality of tho act of the leg
Islsture creating the present court of specisl
sessions.
A jail delivery was attempted in the At
lantic county Jail at Mays Landing, N. j.,
last night but failed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28
ARRESTED AT HIS WIFE's GRAVE

XADhcxoA&b A. liz
A dispatch from Little Rock, Ark.
says: Marshal Sappington has returned
from Clinton, Van Buren, county, hav-
ing in custody William Marker, who is
wanted at Paris, Tex, for stealing a
horse in the Chickasaw Nation in 1893,
and also brought news of the killing Of
Mrs. William Newman, which occurred
near Clinton Tuesday. The husband
of the murdered woman was arrested
for her murder at his wife's grave.
Several days before her murder she
told a neighbor she was going to her
home in the East, as she believed he in
tended to kill her. The body OF the
dead woman was found in the creek,
and on the bank near by was evidence
of q struggle. 1t is believed the man
strangled her to death some distance
from the creek, and then dragged hertz
the water and threw her in. On the bank
were the tracks made by q shoe and a
bare foot, the latter supposed to be that
of the murdered woman. A shoe worn
by Newman fitted exactly the other
track. Excitement is running high,
and there is considerable talk of lynch.
ing. The accused is confined in an iron
cage end is handcufed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28

vrcrINs OF WHIrEcAps.-Great excite
merit prevails on the Virginia side of the
Cumberland Mountains. six miles east Of Ser
geant, Ky, over 8 whitecap outrage. Monday
night about eleven o'clock an unknown num-
Der of men went to the homo of Martha
White, q well.known old woman, aged sixty.
ive yesrs, and pulled both her and her
twenty-yesr-old daughter from their beds,
and taking them to = patch Of woods near
their home, tied them to trees and beat them
most brutally. They were finally rescued by
a neigbb,r. Yesterday they were both alive, but
were not expected to survive their injuries. A
posse of twenty men, headed by Sheriff Hol-
brook, of Wise county, are securing the Cum
bertrand Mountains for the -perpetrators. and
if caught the whole party will likely be
lynched.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28

hands of the printer and it is learned
that the deficit will be larger than ever.
In 1898 and 1894 the deficit between or
binary expenditure and revenue was
$3.50, GOO, while for the year ending
June 80, 1895, it will reach 1926, 600.
The reason given is increased expendi.
ture and q falling off in the revenue.
PARIS, Aug. 2S.-Hippolyte Ray
mond, the drametist, committed sui
eide last evening by shooting himself
with q revolver.
AJAcc1o, Corsica, Aug. 28.-Mm. Beneditti
and A%lessandri, rival candidates for the Csn.
ton of Pedicroce, fought a duel with pistols
to-day. with the results that A~lessandri was
killed The duel grew out of a violent news
paper quarrel.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28

In oa1o yesterday one ''scab," that
is a man who refused to strike, fred
iuto q crowd of strikers and shot three,
one of them who had been a member
of "Generalp Coxey's army, fatally, be-
cause they were beating him with
clubs and shovel handles to prevent
him from working for the support of
his dependent family. Self preservs-
ton is the first law of nature, and if
legal officers do not protect a man from
the combined assaults of many other
men, he has q perfect right to defend
himself by taking the law into his own
hands.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28
VIRGINIA PoL1T1cs.-The Richmond
correspondent Of the Petersburg appeal

VIRGINIA PoLITIcs.-The Richmond
correspondent of the Petersburg appeal
says:
AS far as is known at this writing,
there will be no opposition to any Of
the State officers when the legislature
meets. A gentleman from another
part of the State is thinking of becom,
ing a candidate for superintendent of
public printing against Captain J. h.
O'Bsnnon, but he has not decided posi-
lively and will not do so until after the
members of the legislature r chosen.
There has been talk of opposition to
Auditor of Public Accounts Marye, but
no one has entered the race. 1t is
more than likely, however, that there
will be q contest yer this Office. Fitz
Leo is being very much talked about
for the governorship. He will be brought
out as a candidate in the event that
the federal government falls info the
hands of the republicans next year.
Lee, it is said, in the event Of another
democratic administration az washing
ton, would not give up the dictatorship
of internal revenue for IIs chI1f magis-
tracy of the commonwealth. He has
cotton all the honors out of the govern
orship and his present position pays
him as well and the expenses are less.
He has no idea of opposing Daniel for
the Senate.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28
SEEKING AN ENTRANCE INTO RoA

SEEKING AN ENTRANCE INTO RoA.
NoKE.-Gen. John Gill, receiver of the
Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley railroad !;
Thomas King, vice president ofthe Bal
timore and Ohio and others, arrived at
Roanoke yesterday and remained until
IL O'Clock, at which time they left on a
special train over the Roanoke and
Southern aud Cape Fear and Yadkin
Valley roads. Gen. Gill said TO q re-
porter that the visit was o move on the
part Of the Baltimore and 0hio officials
to 10 on what terms they can get into
Roanoke. A brief conference was held
with a number of representative bust
ness men Of that city, and while none
of he participants will talk about the
results it is believed that the coming of
The road Is assured.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28

OPINION IN AN ADMIRALTY SUIT
Judge Cole yesterday in Washington
pronounced his opinion in the case of
the schooner Ellen Tobin, which was
wrecked on a rock in Georgetown hsr-
Dor about two years ago. The case
was an admiralty suit of Charles Bur
nett VS.. G. g. Smith & Son. Burnett
owned the schooner Ellen Tobin, which
was loaded at Smiths wharf, in George
town, with crushed stone to be carried
to Fortress Monroe. Before the load
was entirely complete it was found
that the schooner rested on a sharp-top
rock 10 feet below the surface of the
water, and that a projection of the rock
held her keel amidsbips and allowed
the vessel to sag fore and aft in such
manner that she became unseaworthy
and useless. Burnett sold his vessel at
a nominal price and sued Smith & Son
for her value. Smith & Son filed o
~cross-suit to COMPEL Burnett to pay
damages for allowing his wrecked
vessel to incommode their wharf for q
long season. The trial was a long,
tedious one, occupying Judge Cole at
intervals during the whole Of the early
summer. Fifteen hundred pages of
typewriter testimony were taken and
read scores of photographs were made
illustrating the subject matter from all
points of view; some divers went down
and discovered the rock; afterward
other divers went down and found no
rock capable of injuring a vessel.
Judge Cole looked at the pictures,
listened to the testimony and heard the
arguments of Mr.. Randall Hsgner for
Burnett, and of Bernard and Wilson
for Smith & Son. Then he examined
the subject during some weeks, and
yesterday delivered his opinion, giving
Judgment for Captain Burnett, the
owner ofthe vessel. The decree and SEN
tence in admiralty declares Smith & Son
are liable on the original libel, and that
Captain Burnett is not liable On tie
cross libel. The case of Burnett against
Smith & Son is referred to the auditor
of the court as special commissioner to
ascertain the amount of damages to
which Captain Burnett is entitled from
Smith & Son, consisting of the value of
the vessel, together with the reasonable
expenses of removing the wreck and
cargo, less the reasonable net value OF
the wreck, the auditor to consider all
the testimony now in the case and any
additional testimony offered to de
termine the quantum of damages.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1895-08-28

THE fact that the Judge of the cour-
ty court of Alexandra county recently
decided that a man who had been fined
by a magistrate could appeal and, un-
der the Constitution and laws of his
State, be tried by a jury, has induced
one of the anti-Alexander's Island, but
pro-St. Aeaph, race track newspapers
of Washington to resume its abuse of
the country referred to, its officials and
its people; but though such vicious and