The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1895-12-28

Virginia,
WASHINGTON, D, C., Dec, s7,-Tho
Washington Post publishes the follow
ing article from the pen OF John j. La
lor;
The ocast OF Guiana was FIRST dlscov-
cred by Alonzo do RoJeda, who ae-
companled Amerigo VespuccI. in 1899,
and It's entire length from the south
was sailed along In 1900 by Pinzon. II
was for many years the tabled land OF
geographical myths and poetic dreams,
OF the fabulous lake Parma and the
wonderful III Dorado, The Dutch We're
the FIRST to make settlements In the
country, The earliest were those on
the Pomerun river. in 1880, and ON the
EsSedulbo IN 1896. The growth and
prosperity Of the Essequibo settlements
were greatly promoted by the fornn-
ton OF the Dutch West Indian Compa-
ny, inli6l3, and by the Introduction OF
negro slave labor In 1921. The Dutch
had settled on the Berblce rs early rs
1895, hence they explored the country
as far ~ the Corentyn. In 1854 they Ell
fected settlements on the island OF Ma
courlA, between Cayenne aud KourOu.
The French had made settlements be-
tween 1926 and 1888 In Cayenne, and
the English, almost simultaneously, on
the Coma, now the surinam river, and
founded ParRmaribo, The hostility OF
the climate and the Indians, however,
drove the English out OF Parpmnribo'
as II did also the French, who had gar
rlsoned H., in 1870. The English again
- Tn,S Ill In
and, ten years afterward, under Charles
III. the colony was extended and called
Surreyhnm, after the earl OF Surrey.
The Dutch had planted tho banks Of
the Pomerun and Morocco as early rs
1851. and had founded the towns OF New
Zealand and Meddelburg. In 1861 the
English took ESsequibo from the Dutch
at the peace OF Breda, and gave Surin-
am to Holland In exchange for Its
North American colony, New Amster-
dam. which Is now the state OF New
York
The English had also taken the
French colonies In Guiana In 1854, but
were obliged 10 evacuate them In 1864,
They We're captured by the Dutch In
1916, but coded back In 1871 In lISl
the English conquered the whole OF
Dutch Guiana, but restored II TO HOl-
land In 1883. They took II again In lI9b:
and again restored II at the peace OF
AmionH. War broke out anew n few
months later; the English took pos
session OF the Dutch portion OF Guiaha,
united, in 1872. Demerara and Essequi-
DO into one colony, and since then have
claimed Demerara and Essequlbo. to-
gether with Berblce, by treaty Of the
year 1874. This treaty, together with
that signed ut Madrid. on March 10,
1886, by which Spain recognized the IN
dependence nj Venezuela, which the
latter country had declared In 1871,
will doubtless constitute an essential
part OF the evidence TO be taken By the
commission TO be appointed. by the
President. They will. however, be OF
no great service In settling the contro-
VerSy between England and Venezuela.
The treaty between Holland and Eng
land, which was signed on the lath OF
August. 1914, by Callerngh. on the part
OF England, and II. Tngel, ON the part
OF Holland contributes nothing TO the
solution OF the question OF boundary
between British Guianan and VeneZu-
ela, The several districts which Eng
land was to retain are mentioned By
name. but not thelr limits. l here give
nn extract from that treaty." Article
/. HIS Brittanlc majesty engages TO re-
store 10 the prince sovereign OF the Uni
ted Netherlands within the terms that
shall be hereafter fixed, the colonies,
factories and establishments which
were possessed by Holland at the COM
mencemcnt OF the late war, namely, on
the LIST OF January, 1905. on the conti-
nents OF America. Africa and Asia, with
the exception Of the Cape OF Good Hope
and the settlements OF Demcrara, Esse-
qulbo and Berblce, which possessions
the high contracting parties reserve to
themselves the right TO dispose or by
supplementary convention hereafter TO
be negotiated.
The Treaty Of Madrid.
Nor ia the treaty OF Madrid signed
March 20. 1916 by Leo Fortique and
Francisco Martinez de- Ia Rosa, by
which Spain recognized the indepcnd-
cnce Of Venezuela, which had been de-
ciAred Rs early as 1911, any more DELI
mite with respect TO the boundaries OF
that republic. by the Madrid treaty
Spain fenounceB and oedcs to VcneEu-
ella the territory II claimed In that
country, and then rccltes: in conse-
quence OF this remuneration ana ces-
sion, her Catholic majesty recognizes
ns free. sovereign and Independent
nation. the Republic Of Venezuela, COM
posed OF the provinces and territories
enumerated In lis constitution ana
other subsequent laws. viz: Mnrgarith-
Gunynun. Gumnnn. Barcelona, Cara
caB Carbobo. Barqulsimeto. BarlnaE,
Apure. Merida, TruJillo. Coro. ana
Marncalbo, as well ns whatsoever other
territories or Islands belonging there
10" Thus the treaty Of Madrid mem
tons only thirteen OF the eighteen pro-
vinces OF Venezuela, the remainder be-
ing covered by the phrase, other ter
ritorles or islnnds." Testimony alleude
will therefore. have to ba brought for
ward 10 establish the riphtful tito Of
Great Britain TO land claimed by Ven
ezuela, and Venezuela to land claimed
OF belonging 20 British Guiana. II is
not likely that In 1871, when Venezuela
declared her independence, her eastern
limits. which constitute tho western
boundary Of Guiana, had been very me-
curatriy fixed by actual post marking
or otherwise. and the same may be- said
Of the bounds Of Guiana.
II II probable that England viii claim
all the territory cnst Of what W. known
M SchomhurRk's line, and produce. his
published books md maps a. the best
evidence OH which 10 rest It's cnso. In
deed, before Schomburgk visited Gull
nm tho information concerning II was
extremely scnnt. Since SchomburRk IN
10 be EnglhndH chief witness In this
controversy, II becomes necessary 10
lnaiilrc what manner Of man he WINS, IN
order 20 determine what amount Of
nTedencc In 10 b. given hla tcHtlmony.
grhombufRk seems 10 have been n
gentleman Of undoubtod nblllty, but
hs he was. although German By birth,
In the pay VI England, and doubtless
nnXloua to serve his master who hon