davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
THE RAILROAD HOO.
There Are siS Varieties Of HIN and An
Arc Nussances.

lhefo Are StA haFtettea OF Nun anu Al
Arc Nu,saBces.
"rhe car hog is mere and more In evil
dence every day" said a car conductor
the other day TO World man. "The
wal "a weather develops traits that have
been dormant with tile winter. l have
counted six different varieties Of the
breed In a week ! used to be a raiser
Of stock In more prosperous days and
I'm good Judge. The most common
sort is that Of the fellow who occupies
more room than he needs; never sees
that he could make room for anybody
and is evidently the same when he Is at
home. I'll bet he's the man who gets
the morning paper first, reads IL TO
himself. gives no one else chance and
carries it downtown in his pocket.
Then there's the fellow who crosses
his legs and when any one seeks to
pass simply turns his foot edgeways.
so that twice as much dirt Is rubbed on
on womnns dress and he gets half o
shine for nothing. II a bigger man
stands still and glares at him he VIII
unfold his legs. but only then. This Is
the same animal who likes 20 stretch
out i'm cross seats on the Il" and clean
his boots on the edge Of the seat.
THE third OF the species Is less bold
than his brothers. He Is the chap who,
when some one gets up. leaving a seat
vacant. although there's a tired woman
maybe next 10 him. plumps into the
vacant spot. for she has had her back
turned and the opportunity was-and
always is--in fact. never neglected by
him.
THE fourth sort Is the rooster who
reads another mans paper over MS
shoulder. l saw one the other day who
was 80 Interested In one article that he
didn't see that the man who held the
paper was furtlvely and amusedly re.
gnrdlng him. The fact was brought ts
his attention however by the paper be-
ing pushed In front OF his face ID then
Withdrawn. and when he looked up g
dozen smiling faces made his face turn
fairly sallow
"The fifth is really only a pig He's
not grown, but thinks he Is. His nose
that's not the word. but IL will dds
retrousse. ana the little brlstlcs 1ndeI
II are carefully cared for. He likes to
crowd close 10 a pretty girl and stare
at her with such a yearninG look. II
he sits opposite her his eyer rarely
wander from hers. | saw one youpf
woman stare at the feet OF one or thai
sort for five minutes. lie pulled then
back and fidgeted them about, finally
resting on his toes. She kept right OF
staring and he become very uncom
Portable. I'm told that's sure rem
edy. He finally got out on the plat
form.
"The last Of the railroad hogs / know
although there may be others, Is the
one who opens his newspaper 80 as tC
shut out the view OF those on eithel
side of him II he'd fold 1t down th'
center Of the p1ge-but pshawl hi
won't. New York World.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Captive elephants usually nave tneIr
tusis shortened. and the ends bound
with metal to keep them from splitting.
but the tusks continue 20 grow by rea-
son OF the conversion Of vascular pulp
into ivory. and the shortening operal
tion has to be repeated ut intervals.
The value OF ivory depends upon the
size Of the tusks; those weighing less
than six pounds are not worth more
than half the price per pound Of really
fiae tusks. The tusks OF the narwhal
and the walrus. the teeth Of sperm
whales, the ear-boues OF whales. and
the moiar teeth OF the elephant are all
made use OF hs sources OF ivory. though
they are not so valuable as the larger
tusks. The best and finest quality
comes from equatorial Africa. II is
much closer in grain than Indian ivory.
and has less tendency to become yell
low when exposed. II Is ssmi-trsns-
parent and of a warm color when first
cut. and In this state It Is called green"
ivory; as the water dries out OF It, II
becomes much lighter in color and more
opaque
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
BARNEY BARNATO'S RISE.
The Actress sister-in-Lsw OF the "Kamrs
Ktng. o,vs. som. n.c,d.n,.

King" Gives Some Incidents.
NEW YORK. Oct. 22.-Miss Alice
Holbrook, q pretty young woman,
who dances Spanish dance,
sings In quintet and makes
herself look attractive ia u comic
opera running here, is the sis.
ter of the wife OF "Barney" Barnato, J.,
the King Of the kafiirs" whose
wealth Is estimated at from $50, 900. 900
to $500, 600, 600, She Is paid S25 a week
here, but is on the best of terms with
her brother-in law and her sister
He paid for her edncation and IS en-
couraging her In her efforts to become
n successful actress. She said yester-
day that Barney was entirely q self
made man and when he began TO get
rich she wrote his letters for him,
Then he took lessons and now he Is
fairly veil educated. He went "a
Africa with trick donkey.
Asked whether Bsrnato was her
brother-in-law's real name, Miss
Holbrook replied: mo, It's not, and
there is no secret about that.
His real name is Bernard Isaacs.
In Johannesburg they LOOK up 10
him as king Whenever he
goes there the inhabitants give
him grand reception He is met
with a band and 4 procession and
some OF :his intimate friends still call
him lsaacs Barnato Is only his
stage name. lie is an English
Jew, and one of the best fellows
as eomrade you ever met.
they take the horses out of the car.
Fiage and drag 1t themselves. One OF
Barney's queer habits is 10 lie for
hours and look at nothing. All the
time, suppose, he is keeping up a
wonderful thinking. lie has great
brain. It's a marvel. One thing that
the public don't know about Harvey
Is his ability as an actor. tie is realty
a very good one. have seen him
play Maehias In The Bells and play II
very we'll. II II WAS not for his luck
I'd think myself that he was better
nctor than u banker.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Old people who require medicine Ia
regulate the bowels and kidneys will
lind the true remedy in Electric Bitters
This medicine does not stimulate and
contains no whisliey nor other intoxi.
cant bnt aets as tonic aud alterna-
tive. 1t acts mildly on the stomach
and bowels, giving tone To the organs,
thereby aiding nature in the perform.
ance II the functions Electric Dltters
is an excellent appetizer and aids di-
gestion. Old people 6nd IL 10 be Just
exactly what they need. Price soc per
bottle, at Seatouian Drug Store.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

AND now John sherman. the white
haired old hypocrite who went into
the United States senate poor man
and became millionaire with no
other means OF support and who has
again end again sold out and betrayed
h's political associates IS ouL in O book
yi.lifying anc tradreing The memory
of Garfield. ~ is certain he will get
the eondama@lion OF decent people OF
ala parties Tor this characteristic COVE
'rdl1 eedon @. his " he don't get the
le'iien.irry scnselcc Zee long ago de.
served
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Dispatch has, in three years, jumped
20 second place in advertising patron
age and circulation among the Chicago
evening newspapers, ard within six
months frou. date Of fast publication
was on paying basis, eclipslng ali
other journalistic efforts OF this or any
other country. The circulation Is al
ready over 90, 600 daily and growing
rapidly, which shows that the people
appreciate good thing.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

The General Christian Missionary
Convention, Oct. 18th to 22th, the
Texas State Fair and Dallas Exposi-
tion, Oct. 10th TO Nov 4th; the Cor
bett-Fitzsiinmons entertainment, Oct.
3lst. For the above occasions tho
Santa Fe route will sell excursion
tickets to Dallas, Texas October 10th
to 3ist, inclusive, at one lowest stand.
ard first-class fare for the round trip,
limited to continuous passage In eacl
direction, good tc return until Nov
10th, 1898. l.. X. DELANEY,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
THE ELEPHANTS rusks.
some Interesting Facts About ths IVeFy
Tkey FurnIsh.


Strictly speaking ivory is equiva-
lent 10 dentine. the hard substance or
which most teeth chiefly consist; but,
as commonly accepted. ivory means the
dentlne OF those teeth that are large
enough To be OF use for Industrial pur-
poses such as the tusks OF the elephant.
the narwhal. the hlppopotamus. the
walrus and the sperm whale. The tusks
OF the elephant are pair OF upper in
clsor teeth. which often grow TO an
enormous size. The extinct mammoths
possessed the largest tusks. The Afrl'
can Bpeeles have the largest teeth Of
any OF the reeent elephants. Among the
many curiosltles TO be seen at the Lon
don exhibition OF 1861. was a pair Of
African tusks that measured eight feet
aud six Inches In length and twenty
two inches in circumference. and to-
gether weighed 1926 pounds, The aver
age weight. however. of the African
tusks ~ from twenty 10 nftv spoppdF:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

rnE imports OF hides and skins for
the eight months ending with August
show an increase of si3, 200, 900. OF
more than ie9 per cent about the i'm
ports of the corresponding 8 months oi
1894 This doesn't look as though the
shoe and leather industry Of the eoup.
try was going to the dogs with the
rapid gait the McKinleyites so conf
IDENTIFY predicted.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

TnR Oklnhoma editorial association
were guests at the Dallas fair Monday
and Monday night were rendered
magnificent banquet in that city. They
have been carried about on howery
beds Of ease for week but will be
home tomorrow and compelled To get
down 10 prosaic daily labor.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

"ne grrmopnone . ,llking mneaiae.
mee,i SIM Ter and cheaper .hau the
phonograph, lnvelted by DR. B,rl'ner
sho famous electrician. will soon be
PIT Upon The 'uarfet rs records ~
human speech and on nnsic. II is sad.
rae inaes ruetib'r, nau can be cheapiy
mnltiplied TO an Indefinite extent hy
simple mechanical meaus What Il
las ~ sas or sing can bo heard all over
au ordinary sized house 50 devoid o!
eompleXity Is its construction tnat the
COMPLETE apparatus will cost only Sls.
and a smaller edition for children will
be sold for So
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

All ladies having a lew hours leas-
ure each day should write me at once,
regarding pleasant home work which
easily pays SIS weekly This is no de.
eeption and will certainly pay you 10
investigate. Reply with stomped en-
velope Mrs. 5. A. Stebbins, Lawrence,
Mich. Sc
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

VIZ CLEAN the following interesting
sosieiy item from the Woodward
News: Al the cattlemen'a ball, one
lady after dancing a round with one
Of the boys naigely remarked: 81 was
frightened ali the time as had my
hand on his gun aud was afraid il
MIGHT 90 OF
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

~ would rather try that medicine
than sny doctor know Of, says Mrs.
Hattie Mason of Chiffon, Carter Co,
Mo-, In speaking OF Chamberlain
Collie. Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy,
For sale by II. b. Lille & Co, Drug
plsia
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

"a the way did anybody ever hear
Of dovernor Clark, OF Arkansas.
calling ont the militia or threatening
special session of tine Legislature To
prevent lynching OF burning at
the stake.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Wanted-A reliable. active lady OF
gentleman TO travel for reliable, estab.
lished house Salary S7sO. payable sl5
weekly, and money advanced for eN-
penses. Situation steady. References.
Enclose self addressed stamped en-.
velore. III. II. Hess, president Chi
cage 3 I'm
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

The Kiei. the Harlem and the 800"
canals Save all been opened recently.
Dear old Chicago IL next IN line with her
SO, 900 600 drainage canal on which up
ward OF 1000. 900 has already been ex-
pended This truly great undertaking
will probably be completed within a
couple Of years and Is expected to carry
the sewage Of the windy city into the
Mississippi and out to the sea in such a
manner as to solve the oity's sewage
problem without detriment TO itself or
to the population OF the Illinois or Mis-
sissippl valleys. The canal will he 1s5
feet wide and rs feet deep. and Il is said
that Chicago viii invite the garbage
contractors Of all creation to attend the
opening festivities and sail through the
canal In their crack scows. 1t makes
ones head swim with pride to think
what a gotgeous figure our Colonel Geo.
Beautiful wsrlng win cut on that grand
occasion. And think how Chicago will
blow when. for the first time. the sewage
Is turned on and proves to be OF sum-
cient volume to raise the Mississippi a
foot al St Louis!
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Teachers reglsters-best found
printed bound in MANILA and cloth
for sale at Boyle's book store The
Law says these registers are required
to be used by teachers in all public
schools Approved by superintendent
Cameron. n
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

TnE LEADER is in receipt Of the pid
anniversary edition 81 the Chicago
Dispatch, that nineteenth century
wonder Ia the newspaper world, The
edition is marvel OF enterprise from
both literary and Typographical
standpoint aud is in keeping with
everything else ever attempted by the
paper From small beginning the
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

The parliamentary grant for element
ary education in Great Britain was dis
tributed last year in the following
amounts: Board schools received e.
SIS, ,e5s; Church OF England schools, e.
2.4se; British and undenomlnstlonsl
schools. ftl0.l27; Roman Catholic
schools, 1921. .+2l. and Wesleyan schools.
flss,27s The average attendance of
children at ;hege schools was about g.
2bo.oO0.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
Notice to Holders of Logan County war
rants

Notice to Holders of Logan County war
rants
Funds are now on hans to pay gem
eral fund county warrants up TO and
including registration number 54s, and
holders OF such warrants are hereby
requested to present them TO this Of
fee for payment
General fund county warrants from
registration number 5iS To 1893 inclu-
sive, have been funded, and can now
be exchanged for Logan county bonds.
These bonds are in denominations Of
$1,000, bear 6 per cent. interest paya-
BILE semi-annually, and can bc pur
chased at par.
General fund county warrants from
registration number 1900 TO 2O92 inclu-
sive, will be paid upon presentation at
this Office.
JOS STILES.
lO-e-3t County Treasurer
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
United States Investor
Ghs Leading Financial Journal OF
America.

America.
II you desire to know the standing
and condition ~ bank, railroad,
building and loan association. invest.
ment or mining company, write TO the
United States Investor
II you desire TO know the value OF 4
municipal bond or bank or railroad
stock or bond write TO the United
States Investor.
lfyou desire To- know the condition
OF piece OF real estate in any town
city Ot county IN the United States,
write to the United States Investor
Ityou desire information respecting
any form OF Investment. write to the
inited States Investor and get an
answer Tree TO all subscribers.
Our agents aud correspondents in
every state of the union will assld-
uously ferret out aud promptly make
known TO our subscribers all matters
In the financial, railway. real estate
and Industrial world likely TO affect
the market value OF securities.
We answer subscribers questions re.
Rardlng Investments af all kinds. oar
Our financial letters and exclusive ar.
tieles contain valuable Information 10
be obtained nowhere else. send for a
free sample copy.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

RAY AnE MuLKEy and wife convert
ed 200 people in a week a. Pdrcell aud
received Sao1 for the job a dollar and
u half apiece Is pretty dear Tor ZONE
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

The only correct map made from Of.
hcial papers In the war department
with complete list of battles. sent on
receipt Of eh cents IL money or postage
stamps Address G u. Ryan, assist
ant general passenger agent, G. and O.
railway, Cincinnati, OHIO s.s.tw
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Wlrn taxes to pay IN August aud
again ia December the Oklahoma citi-
zen IS likely to have nothing but tax
receipts for his Christmas stocking.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
NniIce tn snbaerlhers.

Subscribers TO The Leader who fail
to receive their papers promptly every
morning will please report such fail.
ures to this Office at once.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Anyone who is suffering from consti
patton or indigestion, wonld do well
10 try Beggs' little giant pills. They
give perfect satisfaction. Sold by your
popular druggist. Seaton.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

A sure cure for dlarrahea and SUM
mer complaint. u IS Beggs' diarrhea
balsam. Druggists do not keep II,
They sell H. For sale by seaton. the
J popular druggist
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23


There is no medicine so often needed
In every home and SO admirably adapt
ed to the purposes fo- which II is in
tended, as Chamberlain's Pain Balm.
Hardly week passes but some mem
Der OF the family has need OF it. A
toothache or headache may be cured
by it. A touch of rheumatism of neu-
ralgia quieted. The severe pain Of a
burn or scald promptly relieved and
the sore healed in much less slime than
when medicine has to be sent for. A
sprain may be promptly treated before
Inflammation sets in, which insures a
cure in ab3nt one4third the time other
wise required. Cuts and bruises should
receive immediate treatmen. before
the parts bcome swollen. which can
only be done when Pain Balm is kept
at hand. A sore throat may be cured
bef Dre IL becomes serious. A trouble
some corn may be relieved by applying
IL twice day for week or two. A
lame back may be cured and several
days of valuable time saved or pain
In the side or chest relieved without
paying doctor bill Procure a 30 cent
bottle at once and you will never re-
gret II. For sale by Lille Il Co
Druggists.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

THE Ardmore Wind bag has been
resufrected after a suspension of three
months That paper should move to
Oklahoma City
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

TnF eight is off another great vic
tory for Brother Queen and the Ply
mouth Herald.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Call and see my furnished rooms,
$500 per week, Seeley building. be.
tween Harrison and Oklahoma aves. -
Mrs. Bridges. proprietress. % I'm
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Two feet Of snow Ia Michigan and
New York with trains all snow bound
Ollahoma is good enough for na.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

ANp the colnred gentlemen of leisure
are still eating watermelons IN the
poatohicc alley. They will soon need
pi cket stoves.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

WE knew they never would fight
when they heard Of Edgar Jones com
ING.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
Don.t Read ThI.

Unless you wish To know that Beggs
diarrhea balsam is the best medicine
on earth for simmer complaint. Never
falls. Cures every time. Equally good
for children. Sold and warra nted by
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
A Loveiy Head Of HnIr

is something that every woman should
be proud of, aud Is something that ey-
cry person can have II they use Beggs'
Hair renewer Sold by Seatonian Drug
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Mrs +. Il. Withers, dressmalser
Frst-class work and perfect fit guar.
anteed. Corner Second and Grant.
10 & oW Il
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Ann now nr Talmage is telling the
people all about Heaven. of course he
InnMs
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Born Corbett and Fi,z'immons are
entitled to The championship as wind
hare
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

THE pugilists saw George Taylor
coming and mistaking him for a po-
lceman declared they never would
FIGHT
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

II we don't distribute your bills you
don't have 10 pay for them Smith,
the bill distributor. lOst5
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Wanted--A reliable lady or gentle
man To distribute samples and 10 make
a house-to house canvass for our Ncpe-
table Toilet Soaps. sI0 to o75 a month
easily made. Address Crofts & Reed,
e42 :. Robey street, Chicago.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

lr was the same old st0ry--Fil2 was
afraid and Corbett "dassent"
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

wHFRE did we put that ticket for
our oyercoat
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Pmzr Sighting is very demoralizng
,rvio,.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
WANTED.

Agents to sell our new book, Die
tionary of United States History, by
Prof. j. Franklin jameson. Needed
by every teacher, pupil and family;
indorsed by press and public. Agents
selling fifty books per week. Success.
fui agents made general agents. Big
Boston, Mass
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Beggs' German Salve.
Beggs' German Salve.
Beggs' German Salve.
The greatest pie ointment in the
world. 1t cures where all others fail
positive guarantee with every box
Call for sample box. Sold by your pop
ular druggist, Seaton.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Stoves and other household goods
for sale cheap. Call at AIS North
Broad street.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Hrzel Brothers lead all others ia
groceries and provisions. Try them.
i-l0 i'm.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Cool and pleasant furnished rooms
with or without board. Mrs Newton
224 Villas ave.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23

Furnished room TO rent In private
family. -ll5 Noble age at
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
UNTOLD MISERY
PROM
RHEUM ATS vi
C. H. King. Water Valley, Mics. cured BY
Ayers Sarsaparilla

" For i've years. ! suffered untold misery
from muscular rheumatism. tried every
known remedy. consulted the hest physi.
cians, visited Hot Springs. Ark, three times,
spending $1,000 there, besides doctors bills
hut could obtain only temporary relief My
flesh was wasted away SO that ! weighed
only ninety three pounds my left arm and
leg were dawn ont oi sliape. the muscles
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1895-10-23
lnTasior Publishing Co.,

1875 Franklin St, Boston.
sss Broadway. New York.
s+i Chestnut St. Phila. Pa