davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-10-29
COUNTY OFFICIAL PAPER.
History of the Electric Telegraph.


An interesting series or articles has
been contributed recently to the
Electrical World by Farnklin L.
Pope, concerning the history of the
invention Of the electro magnetic
telegraph. A large amount of evil
dence is presented in these articles on
behalf of different claimants, and the
author sums up as follows:
l. The first electro magnetic ap-
paratus for producing at will audible
sounds at distance was invented
constructed and operated by Joseph
Henry in Albany, New York. in
1913.
3. The first electro magnetic tele.
graph for producing at will perma-
nent written marks at distance was
invented by Professor S. F. B. Morse
in 1882, and constructed and operated
by him in New York prior to Septem-
Der 2, 1887.
3. The first code of numerical con-
ventional signs capable of being intel
igently written or sounded by the ar
mature of all electromagnetic was
originated by Morse in 1882.
4. The first code of alphabetical
conventional signs capable of being
intelligently written or sounded by
the armature of an electro magnet
was originated byiAfred Vail in 1887
SO.
5. The relay and combined cir
cults was invented by Morse prior to
September 4, 1897.
6. The lever key, in it's modern
form, was invented by Vail in 1874.
Z. The dry point recording regis
ter was invented by Vail in 1843.
8. The inverted cup of glass for in
sulating the line wire was invented by
Ezra Cornell in 1914,
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-10-29

say, why don't you try DO Wits
Little Earlys Risers? These little
pills cure headache, indigestion and
constipation. There small, but do
the work. For sale by Il. +. Muller.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-10-29
FOR SALE OR TRADE,

Mr.. A. Bruce offers for sale or trade
his house and stable situated near the
upper bridge. For further particu.
lars inquire OF the undersigned.
A. BRUCE.
(8.22tf)
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1895-10-29

Snag proof hip boots at Rein
harts.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

and are qualified 20 pass Judgment upon
the worth OF THIS new service, that il could
be built up 20 be q very valuable adjunct 10
our present regular and volunteer force
In those states where the organizations
have beer maintained the efficiency OF the
new force vas demonstrated In the most
convincing way. Admiral Meade. in an
official report or these organizations. said
they would be OF great assistance 70 their
respective states FOR service on the water
in times % riot or trouble. and would prove
Of great value to the national government
in time OF war.
The lack Of Intelligent officers in the
lower grade would be felt Immediately IN
case or war. and these could be had az
once from the naval militia AS full
complement Of sailors is not 20 be main
tanned for all our war vessels. there should
be a reserve force Of officers such as
the naval militia provides Admiral Meade
said with the force Of an old. experienced
officer: '-rhat We shall surely need these
men, II a great maritime war comes sud
denly upon US. is a fact so obvious 10 all
il is a loss OF time"
One reason for the present rather IN
favorable showing is the lack Of definite
ness as 10 the future OF these organiza-
tons. Congress has been slow to recog-
nize them. and. with uncertainty as TO
the permanency OF such militia, the men
IN it begin to hesitate about giving their
time and paying their own expenses for
the benefit OF the general public. II IS very
evident that the force must be organized
on some sort OF a national basis and re-
garded as a fixture which enthusiasts VIII
take pride in building up. Enough has
been done 70 form an opinion as TO wheth-
er IL Is well to maintain such a volunteer
force. II IL is. congress should see that II
is well organized and properly looked
after; IL II Is not, then probably the sooner
Il Is abolished. the better Il will be both
for the government and those who have
shown themselves willing TO take an in
terest IN n.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
Silver Question VIII Right Itself.
Rossland Miner

There Is perceptible decline IN the free
silver movement In the United States. The
American people are learning that there
can be revival Of business without the
free coinage OF silver. They have a prac-
teal illustration of this fact on a large
scale. The Improvement IL the branches
or trade has been most marked during the
last six months. The free silver agitators
year ago were loud in their assertions
that there could be no change for the bet
ter so long as the gold standard prevailed.
Political theories and all other theories
fan 10 the ground in the presence of the
inexorable laws OF trade-the laws of sup
ply and demand. The silver question in
the United States will right itself in the
end. and people who have been working
themselves up to such fine frenzy on the
subject viii learn that, after all, the coun-
try was not so near the point of dissolu-
ton and general disaster as they had
feared. Silver Will always be in use as a
money metal. though in varying extent,
owing to the local conditions that sur
round Ii and its scarcity or abundance.
We may expect its gradual appreciation
from this time forward, not because of
any legislation in its behalf, but because
of the gradual exhaustion of the great sill
YER mines OF the world. the consequent
lessening supply of silver, and the in
creased supply of gold. The tendency now
silver mines will be dug out and their
places will not be taken because the ten
dency of mining is not in that direction.
The whole tendency of the new develop.
uent IS in the direction Of gold.
We may not see the effect OF Shis i'm
provement Immediately. but we will see Ii
In two or three years-to still greater
extent in five or ten years. Silver Will
gradually become the scarcer metal; that
IT, the tendency will be in that direction,
and as this line of progression IS worked
out, silver will become dearer and gold
will become cheaper, and thus the value
of the two metals viii gradually ap-
proach each other as they have done ar
times In he past 1t is a commercial law
after all that must be the arbiter OF these
great economic questions. II we would
study this more and the Nominations of
political doctrinaires less. we would save
much time and anxiety. Politics for the
politician, but plain facts for the plain peo-
pie. to whom after all the politicians say
and do, the final appeal must be taken.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
II lt~oNAI~

Mrs. f. G. Fitzhenry. ot Port Gamble, is
Al the Diller.
Peter Rrunnell. OF Fairhaven. Is staying
al the Rainier-Grand.
W. c. Marion. o. Chehal!s. registered at
the Occidental yesterday
Or. w. G. Tucker and Mrs. Tucker. Of
San Francisco. are n the Northern.
Sheriff James Hagan. OF Snohomish
county, " as guest % the Occidental yes
terday.
Cal HeiHg manager OF the Northwest
ern Theatrical Association, is at the
Northern.
Edward c. English. lumber dealer Of
the Diller.
r BRAY. ot the Victoria Transfer Com
pany. was IN the ctty yesterday and regis
tered at the Occidental
D. R. McGaffer. OF Denver, one OF the
Oldest conductors on the Union Pacific
railroad, IS at the Northern.
c. Darling. OF Oakland. Cal. IS on a
tour through the Coast. accom- panied by
Mrs Darling. They are at the DilIer.
J. 2 Armstrong and Karl Armstrong.
Tho came 70 this ely several weeks ago
been examining some OF the mining DIS
tricts OF the STATE, left on the Topeka yes
terday for Alaska
Capt. A WATSON, ex-collector: A r.
Coleman. attorney OF Port Townsend: T.
c. Robinson, deputy United States attor--
Tacoma, were al the Northern yesterday.
and left In the evening for Olympia
Charles Y. sheldon. OF Washington
Cttys l. =. Gum, OF Index. Wash. James
Strickey. of Pori Angeles. United States
surveyors. are a. the Northern They
have been inspecting town plats IN the
nelg1hoFho01 q Port Angeles, al. 20
from here 10 Sultan.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
NOTABLE PEOPLE.

Chief Justice Fuller is confined to his
bed by severe cold.
A tablet has been erected in the chapel
of Girard college, Philadelphia, to COM
the founder Of the college, during the yell
low fever epidemic OF 1898.
There.are three negroes in the Ohio leg
islature, which will meet on January ].
William X. Stewart, OF Youngstown, and
II. c. Smith, editor of the Cleveland Ga
Zette. Mr.. Smith was reelected by plu-
rality OF IL. 600, or about 1000 more than he
received two years ago.
One OF the members Of the new Balti-
more city council is DR.. J. Marcus Car
gill, colorea man. He was born in GeOr-
gia, attended the Atlanta university and
Is graduate OF the medical department
OF Howard university. He was elected 10
the city council by a phenomenally large
majority. and is widely known and re-
spected in Baltimore.
Harold c. Mccormick and his bride. for
merry Miss Edith Rockefeller. sailed on
the Paris from New York for Southamp-
ton Wednesday: Han Caine. the novelist.
the Teutonic. Ogden Goelet and family
sailed on the same ship. Mr.. Goelet de-
MES that he has any commission TO exc
cute on the other side for the Dunraven
charges committee
II is expected that NJ Kotzebue, the new
Russian minister 70 the United States. win
assume his official functions I'm Washing
Ton lily IN lew weeks. lis fulI name rs
Ernest Charles KotZebue. He is a cousin
OF Prince Cantacuzene," says the Wash
ington City Star. 'and Ike many other
members OF the Russian diplomatic serv-
Ice, he Is OF German origin. his family is
one OF prominence in the Baltic province
Of Russia. His grandfather was a famous
Russian naval officer. He made voyage
around the world In 1888 and was one OF
the earliest foreigners 10 enter Japanese
territory. Minister KotZebue is a privy
counsellor and chamberlain. and has been
stationed a. Wnrtemberg for many years.
He was originally intended for the naval
service OF Russia, and was, in fact, a mid
shipman on the frjgate Polkan. Of the
Russian squadron, under Prince Constan-
tine, In the Mediterranean. IN 1850. one
or his fellow midshipmen on that frigate
was the present naval attache Of the Rus
sian legation In this city. Mr., KotZehue
remained IN the naval service for only two
or three years. While cruising I'm the Le-
want Mr. kotzebue met the lady who is
now his wife. She was the daughter OF
the Russian consul a. A port In Egypt. II
was through HIS wife's influence that Mr..
% kofzebue resigned his position as a naval
officer and accepted a place as an under
secretary in one OF the foreign legations
OF Russia -
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

mornings Post-IntelIigencer The election
yesterday was in no sense a Republican
defeat. II vas an A p. A. defeat, VIC
tory fer good citizenship. Leading Repuo-
Leans worked aid voted for the Citizens
ticket and made its success possible The
Republican central committee refused 70
work for the A =. A ticket. which had
dishonesty appropriated the name Of Re
publican"
The news OF the contest at Everett has
been published from time 20 time. and the
situation is pretty well known Neyerthe-
less, what vas called the straight Repuo-
hcan ticket failed OF success in five Offices
out OF eight. the Citizens. as they. called
themselves, electing thu mayor. clerk and
three c0nncilmen. The dispatch IN the
Post-Inteuigencer was as follows:
The Republicans elected ". z. Sherfey
treasurer. H. l. strobrIdge attorney. C. s
Knapp councilman. The Citizens ticket
elected DIR. W. c. Cox mayor. C. P. Clark
clerk. w. F. Gray and c. II. Boynton coun-
cilnen, and A. II. Griffin councilman-at-
large
This seems TO have been truthful state
rnent. and, not going behind the returns.
Il looks as II the Republican ticket had
got the worst OF T. Mayor Hunsakers
explanation will be read with interest.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
SEATTLE. THURSDAY, DEC. g.
THE FIRST STEP.

President Cleveland very pertinentIy
says: I'VE remember that the abuse Of
the treasury accumulation has furnished
most persuasive argument in favor OF
legislation radically reducing our tariff"
We remember also By whom that persua-
eive argument was used and now we know
by very disagreeable experience how
fallacious that argument was. The ankle
ties accompanying treasury accumuIa-
ton" do not begin to compare with the
worry OF depleted treasury and a short
nge or millions OF dollars every month.
IL may be true that the retention OF a
large surplus In the treasury Is an unjusti-
fable holding of money in inactivity from
the business OF the country, but there Is
TO occasion for retaining a sum beyond
what ordinary business prudence calls for
A surplus In the treasury can be used 20
develop industries. 10 open up obstructed
rivers TO navigation, to build federal offices
instead OF renting them, TO construction of
war vessels and to provide coast defenses.
a deficit can do none or these things.
SO long as there was larger income
than outgo. an excess OF revenue over ex-
penses, and IAN accumulation In the treas
ury." so long. in fact. as the country's
finances were on a rational basis. nobody
in this country ever thought OF the gold
reserve. and nobody among our foreign
customers rushed In 10 exchange our notes
and securities for gold.
our currency system IS not on the best
OF foundations. IL has become a thing Of
shreds ana patches. due TO iucongruous
laws. but With absolute and universal
confidence in our solvency aud resources
We managed to get along with IT, When
as result OF our altered commercial poll
cy. It became evident that we were get
ting into debt. everybody at home and
nbroad-began 10 inquire more closely into
our financial condition. and to look with
suspicion uron every form OF currency
not recognized by al the world as above
every question of deterioration.
The same succession OF incidents would
follow ia the case o. bank or any other
business institution. $50 long as It Was
known to lie making money. accunulatjn,
a reserve either IN cash or stock-ia-
trade over and above SIS expenses and
liabilities. It's notes. bills. and even It's
verbal orders on credit would be honored
without question: Should Il change that
condition and become known 10 be spend
ing more Than it earned. every paper Is
ued hy 1t would lose in credit and its bills
or notes would. as quickly as possible, be
exchanged ~ the holder FOR gold. either
directly by demand over its counter or
through any indirect means which would
relieve the holder.
while, therefore. the monetary system
Of the country needs reforming. the first
thing fer Republican congress to 60 Is
90 retreuch expenditure and increase the
revenue. That having been done. conf
dence viii be restored. ana with due de.
liberation changes in thu money syxtem
can follow. These changes must Re made
gradually. otherwise they will CAUSE
dlssrrangomeut % business much more
serious aud lastias than any change IN
the tariff.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
VERY MUCH LESS THAN A MILLION

In an interview published today, z. c.
kilbourne makes a point worthy the con-.
sideration OF those voters who think that
it VIII take s.. 20 600 to give them city
water. He shows that an expenditure of
from $500 TO slo.eoo is all that is needed
to put in a new pipe line for the supply of
a large district Under the present sys-
TEN there is a surplus annually of $4,000
at least which could be devoted TO extern
sions; but II 70 per cent. OF the proceeds
are devoted to paying interest on a new
debt We must not only raise the interest
separately. but IL there is to be any ex-
tension OF mains 1t must be either by
more taxation or raising the present water
rate. II we adopt the latter plan, out of
every additional dollar raised rs cents of 1t
viii go to the new debt.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

Here Is a gem from the message: "The
close rivalries OF competing industries.
the influence of the delusive doctrine that
the internal development OF a nation is
promoted and its wealth increased by
policy which, undertaking 20 reserve its
home markets for the exclusive use OF
Its own producers, necessarily obstructs
that class Of foreign markets and pre-
vents free access to the products OF the
world, the desire to retain trade in time
worn ruts regardless of the inexorable
laws Of new needs and changed condi-
tons OF demand and supply, and our own
hating hardness in inviting a free ex-
change OF commodities and by this means
imperiling our footing in the external
markets naturally open to us, have Gre
ated a situation somewhat injurious to
American export interests not only in
Germany, where ii is perhaps most notice
able, but in adjacent countries This
being translated into plain English means
that exports to Germany and adjacent
countries have decreased under our pro-
lection laws.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

The naval militia does not seen, 20 have
been quite - much % a success as could
have been wished ~ those who have a.
teTesied themselves IN this new orraafra-
ton. At one time considerable enthusiasm
VAS shown ever tbs rather novel volun-
teer service. but the recent REPORTS o.
those detailed e exercise government ia-
speetioa and supervision over the force IN
different states 60 not give accounts 50
encouraging as might have been expected.
Tive states. New Jersey ard Georgia. have
teen added 10 those alrca3,. having en- en-
listed naval militia. bat - other states
where 81 is already orsaai1ea IRE interest
appears 70 have wsnet. and MANY 81 tho
older orgar .Eatious show q rather unprorn-
isins decrease in numbers,
u has been generally conceded ~ these
whe have sjvea The subject mueA sAoaSal
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
THE STATE PRESS.

Anacortes American: It Is refreshing to
again hear the hum OF the machinery OF
the Skagd mill All three mills on the Fl
dalgo bay frontage have been running OF
late.
Tacoma Ledger: Close on TO 500 90 ont
OF the s1si.ooo OF taxes due December I.
have beer paid during the past week or
two. and large number OF letters thai. no
doubt. contain checks werereceived ar the
treasurer's Office by the afternoon mail on
Saturday. and have not been opened yet.
Considering the times. this is pretty good
showing.
Garfield Enterprise: The record Of ship
ments from Garfield several years ago was
wheat, wheat. wheat Now il IS inter
spersed occasionally with car load of ap-
pies" car load Of hogs" ''car load OF cat
tie, car load of potatoes" ear load OF
hay" besides numerous shipments OF poul.
try, eggs. butter, beans, etc. Diversified
farming is beginning To operate.
Spokane Tribune: The Tribune has died
natural death. II IS a mistaken idea 10
imagine this paper was issued with the
single thought OF building mp the Populist
parry. We believed that al least we would
be able 20 eat and on some occasions drink:
but the drinks were OF such a poor quality
and so few and far between, that we were
unable TO keep our spirits up. The stream
OF money which was 10 flow into our new
safe did not meet our expectations or our
bills, and the result was we sold the safe
to lanyard and the same Is probably
heaped fun OF gold by this time. Alas!
alas. our little red safe TO sink so low!
Snohomish Tribune: No Republican,
congress will vote TO repea, the tax on
state bank currency. The greenbacks will
doubtless nj the not distant future be re-
tired, but Il VIII not be done until some
thing that Is entirely safe has been agreed
upon to take their place. and II Is alto
gether probable that that something will be
some form or national currency. Having
Tor more than thirty years, thanks TO Re-
publican legislation, enjoyed a paper cur
rency that was worth its face In every state
IN the Union, the people viii never be sat-
isfied 10 return to- the old method OF IN
creasing the discount on a note the further
II gets away from the bank that issues II
lt would be too much like substituting
stage coaches for railway trains to nlease
the most progressive people on earth.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC.

The public IL hereby warned not 10 pay
any money TO parties representing 10 os
agents OF the Seattle P0st-intelllgencer,
except the following who are the only
authorized travelling agents OF tho Post
Jntelllgeucer. viz: J. A. Mcclellan, J. |.
Uawley and e. T.. Peck, This does
not apply TO ressden: agents OF this
paper. who are located In various
cities and towns IN the Northwest.
nor to posfmasterss who are In al
cases authorized TO take subscriptions for
the Daily Sunday and Weekly Post Intel
lieencer. City collectors. J. A. Csthcsrt.
~. G. Ewing. Il. W. Case and w. IL.
Hanna
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

Colorado seems to have started In on
a mining stock madness. 1t is gambling
pure and simple, in most Instances, with
out the transfer of dollars worth OF
property. These crazes sometimes grow
to incredible proportions, and when they
burst, as they always do. there are a great
many more men who have grown poor
rather than rich during the excitement.
The depreciation of Kaffir stocks TO the
extent Of $3.50, 00O. 900 in three months ought
TO be a warning to some OF the people
who think of investing in worthless min
ing stock certificates.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

II the sultan does not grant nruan.
British guardship will be sent through the
Straits OF Dardanelles: If a guardship
passes through the straits, torpedoes will
be exploded; If torpedoes are exploded,
there viii perhaps be damage to the YES
sells making the passage. What thenT Is
it bombardment OF Constantinople?
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

doctrine and the Armenian question. but
from the sumber OF resolutions being IN
troduced in congress on these matters. it
is not likely there VIII longer be much
doubt as 10 how the American people
feel about them.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05
Her Mistake.
Washington City Star.

washington CITY Star.
What do you thinkr' exclaimed one
emancipated woman.
81 don't known was the startled re-
joinder. OF another. What do To-
Our president, Miss Tomasa Buoy. has
taken TO smoking cigarettes"
What! We must impeach her at once
The idea OF her doing anything so IN
manlyi'
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

Don Cameron seems TO he politically dead
n Pennsylvania, and It is very probable
that with the close OF his present term he
VIII be relegated 10 private lie. lie does
not appear 10 be in touch with the people
and brighter and smarter men are crowd
ing him out
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

IIoke Smith wisely says IL would have
been useless 10 appeal 10 the present con-
gress for repeal OF the tax on state
bank notes. II party with "a large ma
jority elected on repeal platform would
not repeal. il Is not very probable that
any other party would.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

The appointment OF Rufus w. Peckham
TO the supreme court seems TO be gener-
ally commended. He is a lawyer and
jurist Of experience and reputation. and
his appointment viii no doubt be con-
firmed unanimously in the belief that he
is an especially fit man for the place.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-12-05

Cleveland throws upon the last congress
the blame for the issuing OF bonds and
Hoke Smith critiCises It Tor refusing 70
repeal the 10 per cent. tax on state bank
notes. Both evidently believe in punish
ment after death