davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
WE ARE GREAT LlTIeANTs.
More Civil Lawsuits Hero Than In Any
Other Country i'm the World.

morc CiVh Lawsuits Hero Ihan II Any
Other Country i'm the World.
A man of ingenious mind, and Gp-ar-
emily ample leisure, has gone to the
trouble of figuring out the number of
lawsuits brought in each country in d
year, and he has reached the conclu-
sion that the United States is a better
country for attorneys and counsclors
than any other civilized land under the
sun. He figures as lawsuits civil nc
tions only, taking into no account pro-
ccedings of criminal character
brought by the public authorities
against individuals. He has ascer-
tanned that, taking the figures for the
last 10 years as fair average, there
are 1880, 900 lawsuits brought in Eng
land every year, 100000 in France, l.
100000 in Italy, $500, 900 in Germany
and 5,5O0,0OO in the United States.
1t is not to be inferred from this, says
the New York Sun, that the people CT
one country are much more prone to
litigation than are the people of an
other, but the explanation is to be
found in the fact that the conditions of
litigation vary exceedingly. Going to
law in England is very expensive bust
ness, for it entails outlays in the form
of costs and expenses so large that
many of the courts are practically
closed to persons of modest means, and
long litigation unsuccessfully pur-
sued ends often in bankruptcy. In
France the number of lawsuits is kept
down through the general practice of
arbitration" as many as 100000 cases
in year, especially those arising from
disputes ever wages, being settled by
this agency without onerous cost to
either party. In Germany great ma
jority of cases are petty ones, involving
a small amount of money and due,
many of them, to customs or usages
which arc not sufficiently defined to
be, in all cases, similarly understood b.
both parties to an agreement. This is
especially the case in the farming dis
tricts of Germany, and there are many
legal disputes in the manufacturing
districts, too.
The number of cases credited to the
United States seems enormous, but it
is probably accurate. There are, for
example, eleven district courts for the
disposal of civil cases in New York
city. In one of these courts, by recent
report, the number of actions brought
in year was shown to be Q, 100. These
courts have before them each year, on
the average, $4,000 cases. The cases
brought in the state courts of New
York amount in year to about $780,
600, and of those brought in the fed
eral courts New York furnishes very
large number. Taking the whole coun-
try through, it seems that the average
number of cases per thousand of pop
ulation is in the neighborhood of rs to
80. The number of lawyers in the
United States is materially larger than
in any other country in the world, and
the amounts in dispute here are much
greater than elsewhere.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
Her Conundrum.

1t is often hard to determine hit from
good wit" in the case of children, and
some of their flashes of precocity seem
not to be unconscious, but rather the
fragment of some remembered knowl-
edge. A little maid of five, who had
been listening quietly to the puzzles
and conu,4drums of the oloSr children,
seemed at last to divine the methcd of
their construction, and, after some
thcaght, asked: What could you get
on a very high, steep mountain?" The
answers were ice, snow, rocks, eagles
nests and the like, to all of which the
little one persistently shook her head.
When asked to tell the answer she tri-
umphantly cried: "Nothing!" But
why?" asked the others, in breath.
Because you couldn't get up there
after it," was the demure reply.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
GOOD AS GOLD,
How Unused Railway Tickets May BE Re-
deemed at Slight Cost.

How Unused Railway Tickets May BE Re-
deemed Mt Slight Cost.
Some men with valuable unused rail-
way tickets on their hands sell them to
scalpers, while others go to the railway
company that issued them and obtain
their value in money. Most men, how
ever, do neither, and accept the loss
when the ticket is worth less than one
dollar. Indeed, many men do not real
ize that railway companies stand ready
to redeem unused tickets, even of small
value, SO that the companies must be
richer by many thousands of dollars per
year by reason of this neglect or igno-
rance. l,
Every railway ticket bears the name
of the general passenger agent
of the road issuing the same. 1t is a
simple matter to inclose the ticket with
letter directed to the general passen-
ger agent, asking him to refund the
money paid, and explaining the reason
why the ticket is left unused in the
hands of the purchaser. 1t is courteous
to inclose a stamped envelope in which
the money may be returned
When all these things have been
done, says the New York Sun, the
company usually acknowledges the re-
ceipt of the ticketholder's communica-
tion and promises to investigate the
matter. The investigation consists in
the proper Identification of the ticket
and little bookkeeping to set all right
in the accounts. Then the purchaser
receives from the company check for
the amount due, along with letter
requesting acknowledgment on the part
of the recipient. That closes the trans
action, and there is no material loss on
II l. : i
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
OUR CLUB LIST.

We are in receipt of numerous
letters from large weekly publica-
tions throughout the United States
offering us club rates in connec-
ton with the GUARDIAN.
Among those received we have
selected those, which in our Judge
ment, will prove most satisfactory
to the readers.
All subscriptions to the GUARD
IAN, where another paper is re-
quired, must be accompanied with
the CASH, in order to secure its
prompt delivery.
We present the following list for
your inspection:
The GUARDIAN and Ne,o
York Sun, ,oeeMy, $9.75
The GUARDIAN and At
lanta Constitution, 2.75
The GUARDIAN and San
Francisco Examiner, $40
The GUARDIANand Rocky
Mountain Ne,os, 2.75
The GUARDIAN and Louis
rale Couier-Jomnal, 2.75
The GUARDIAN and st. Louis
Tpice-a- Week Repupltc, 2.75
Should you desire the daily
edition of any of the above papers
we will furnish the necessary in
formation upon application.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
USES FOR OLD RAILS.
A Great Amount of Barbed-wire Fencing
Is Made of Them.

Is Made of Them.
In speaking of the use of old rails re-
Gently, says the Railway Reviewer, an
official of the Pennsylvania railroad
stated the life of rail on the Pennsyl-
vania lines west is about eleven years
and on the Pennsylvania railroad only
nine years. The difference is perhaps
due to heavier traffic on the Pennsyl-
vania railroad. The friction of con-
stantly passing trains wears on the rail
until it must be replaced by new one.
The company pays twenty-four dollars
ton--now twenty-five dollars-and
the rails used on that line average
eighty-fve pounds to the yard. When
it has passed its useful stage the rail is
replaced.
The old rails that are taken out from
time to time are gathered up every
month and sold to junk and scrap deal
ers at twelve dollars a ton. 1t can read
lily be seen that the company pays only
twelve dollars for the use of rails per
ton. The price received from the scrap
man is good figure, when it is known
that the rails, when sold, are of no use
to the company. Rails that are not
much worn are sold to factories along
the road at eighteen dollars per ton,
where they are used for sidings and an
swer the purpose quite as well as new
rails. There are many uses to which
the old rail is put. A great amount of
barb-wire fencing is made of railroad
iron and very often the rails are used as
foundations for large buildings. There
are not many people who know that
the Masonic temple in Chicago rests on
foundation of steel rails, layer upon
layer, six feet deep.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
Columbian Half Dollars.

Columbian centennial coins not here
tofore circulated have been found fre-
quently in change of late. They are
the fifty-cent pieces of 1898, and the
reason given for their appearance is
that many coin collectors and others
believed that Immediately after the
Columbian exposition they would have
special value as rarities and SO boarded
them for a premium. They were SO
held for the better part Of two years,
but no appreciation in value followed,
and now they have been thrown upon
the market and are freely circulated.
They have a more attractive appear
ance than the regular fifty-cent pieces,
but this superior attractiveness has not,
to any visible extent. mitigated the
regret which coin collectors had in
parting with them.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
WORLDS EXPENSIVE BRIDGES.
The Structure Uniting New York and
Brooklyn Heads the List.

The Structure Uniting New York and
Brooklyn Heads the List.
The very latest official computation
puts the total cost of the Brooklyn
bridge at SIT, ,4s9, S55. The bridge when
contracted for was to cost 10,S00, 900.
At least, such was the original estimate
of John A. Roabling, who in 1867 put
the cost of the bridge at 81 ,OOO,0 900 and
of the approaches to it s3,S00,000 Ac-
tually, the bridge cost s15, 900, 900,
which was not much of an increase
over the original figures when the diff
fculties of the undertaking came into
account, the bridge not being opened
until sixteen years after the original
estimate was made. Subsequent ex-
penditures, which have brought the
total cost up to the present figure, are
due to the acquisition of new APP
proaches and to improvements upon the
structure which were not and could
not have been calculated upon when it
was opened twelve years ago.
The Brooklyn bridge is the most ex-
pensive work of the kind in the world,
exceeding in cost any other bridge of
which authentic figures are available.
The bridge over the Forth, in Scot
land, cost s14,0OO,O00, the Victoria
bridge in Canada cost s12,OOO,OOO, the
bridge across the Volga at Caratov, in
Russia, cost s4,000,000. The cost of
London bridge was $40, ,OOO, 900, of Water
loo bridge IS, 500, 900, and of the West
Minister bridge s2,50O,0O0.
With the enormous increase of via
duct work for railroad purposes in the
United States the profession of bridge
builder" has become a very important
one, steel and iron work having largely
superseded masonry, since by improved
processes in their manufacture struc-
tural iron and steel have materially de-
creased in cost.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
A CANINE CURIOSITY.
"Rover," . Big Newfoundland Tramp
Dog of Put-in-Bay.

"Rover," . Big Newfoundland Tramp
Dog of Put-in-B Bay.
There is Newfoundland dog at Put
;u-Bay that is certainly curiosity. His
%pe is Rover and he is known at
n"an,. a ,use and hostelry on the island.
ey vo noh he was named by Mr.. Jay
Coo,,s s 'ep spo N,,,,,T'onaire banker and
Coohe' .he C.,i1 mn. the cliff-girt little
v" y, oioi"i."i' he bosom of
island that nestles in - e... -.
Put-in-Bay, hardly yet separated from
its parent mother by a narrow line of
shoals. Mr.. Cooke had no use for Rover
and gave him away when he was quite
young to family on the island of the
name of Roelfing. In the course of time,
says the Buffalo Commercial, the Roel-
fing family moved away and Rover, who
had grown into fine proportions, was
left alone without a master. Several
times attempts were made to domicile
the brute, but they were of no avail.
He either would not forget his old mas
ter or else had determined to be true to
his name and lead a rowing life. AT
any rate, for the past three or four
years Rover has been the tramp dog of
the island, without any home. Every
body likes him, and there is not a child
that does not save him piece of meat
or crust of bread. He makes the rounds
from house to house, and always seeks
the kitchen door first. He is round,
fat and sleek, and lives on the fat of
the land and is the common property of
the island.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
THE WOMAN DOCTOR.
Reminding Us of the Eternal and Immu~
table Disparity of Sex.

table Disparity OF Sex.
The woman doctor is already an ac-
complished fact, but as yet she has ap-
parently made no considerable way in
public favor, says the Scottish Review.
1t may be contended that there is some
thing in the art of healing in accord
with the primary instincts of a woman's
nature. But if we look closer into the
subject it will be seen that there is
more than mere prejudice and long
established custom to account for the
exclusion of the female sex in the past
from the practice of this calling. Have
women the calmness of nerve the
aplomb, SO to say--the steadiness of
hand and pulse for the work of the sur
geon? Is it possible to suppose that
non-abnormal woman, with her more
highly strung constitutional sensibility,
could amputate a limb with the same
imperturbability that we should look
for in the male operator? =
To this it may be replied that grant
ing certain drawback to women by
reason of sex in the matter of surgical
asreriments, the case is different with
.Ape. = ~ physician, and that
the 'metier OF th~ p rmpete
here, at least, the sexes can Co.,.
on terms of perfect equality. Yet,
again, as matter of plain fact, are tn
services of lady doctors much in re-
quest with their own sex-nay, even in
those branches of the therapeutic art
dealing with specially feminine ALI
mentsp Moreover IL the advanced
woman's theory of exact professional
equality and indifference as to sex is
to be maintained, why should any bar
rier suggest itself to the consultation of
medical women by men, any more than
now exists in the calling in of women
of the male practitioner? But is there
no such barrier? Surely the mere
statement of the case disposes of the
parity argument.
We have heard of man here and
there resorting to lady experts in mas
sage, but that men should go to women
doctors and lay bare their bodily symp-
toms in the same way as women have
done from time immemorial to their
male medical advisers, would be pro-
cedure repugnant on both sides, and
mot convenient" for obvious reasons.
Here, then, while admitting that a
sprinlSling of females may, perhaps,
usefully find their mission in obtaining
number of their own sex, we are
brought face to face with the eternal
and immutable disparity of sex
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
Saved His Conscience.

The comptroller of the treasury is an
autocrat whose decision overrides even
that of the chief magistrate of the ma
tion. Some years ago, the then incum-
bent of the Office refused to sign a
warrant for money which Gen. Grant
thought it proper to expend. THAT is
right" the president said, Il admire
your firmness. Where your conscience
is concerned never permit yourself to be
coerced. You may consider yourself
clear in this affair, for 1 shall appoint
q new comptroller tomorrow"
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
A bamboo Organ.

A bamboo organ has been built for
the Jesuits' church at Shanghai, and is
said to surpass organs made of metal.
As bamboo can be obtained of all dimen-
sions, from the thickness of pen to
pieces of foot in diameter, this natural
material costs little more than the SIM
pie labor, and the notes are beautifully
soft and pleasant to the ear.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
EXCURSION RATES.

The following rates are effective
on the Santa Fe road. From DEM
ing or Ell Paso to Salt Lake City
and return good for 80 days $780,
90; to Denver good until October
3lst $4,000; to Colorado Springs
$3.50. Conditions same as the
Denver tickets.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06

J. T. Owens has just received his
mammoth stock of dry goods
which he is going to sell cheap for
cash. Call at the Blue Store and
examine the goods and convince
yourself of their superiority.
S-22-tf.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06

/ have just received my fall and
winter stock of mems and boys
ready made clothing that / will
sell cheap for cash. / have 100
suits of all styles and patterns.
Come quick and take your choice
at J. T. Owens store, Stafford. S-16-
ff
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06
NOTICE.

The United States Land Laws
read that all Land Notices must
be published in the paper nearest
he land.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06

ADVERTISE IN THE GUARDIAN.
Graham guardian., 1895-09-06

A full line of Millinery Stock at
T. 7. Hunter s. 4-6-tf
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-01-02
Farm and HON Statistics in Florida.

Some Of the latest census bulletins
compiled by Carroll D. Wright presents
statistics of farms, homes and mort
cages in North Carolina and Florida The
collection of data relating to the incum-
FRANCES of real estate is extremely diff
cult, and it is not pretended that the
figures here put forth are exhaustive, or
that, even as far as they go, they are
entirely trustworthy While, however
their inherent imperfectiOn is to be con :
stantly born in mind, these statlstlcS
undoubtedly throw light on the average
value of farms and homes in the States
named, as we'll as on the extent to which
the holdings are owned by their occu-
piers. It is obviously easier to ascertain
what a given house or piece OF land is
worth and whether it belongs to the
occupant, than to learn what mort
cages or liens rest upon it.
The returns from Florida are highly
creditable to the thrift and prosperity
of the inhabitants. According to the
bulletin now published, 65 Is per cent
OF the farm families own the farms cul-
tivated by them, and less than one-third
of the farms owned by their occupierS
are subject to membranes. On the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-01-02

compatively few mortgages which rest
on farms the average rate of interest is
1912 per cent. The average value of an
owned and incumbered farm is much
higher in Florida than it is in North
Carolina, being computed at 1921.
Passing the homes, we find that 62.54
per cent of these are hired by the fam
lilies occupying them, the remaining
81. 46 per cent being owned. Of the
home owning families less than one
twentieth are said to have placed inCum-
ORANGES upon their property. The aver
aged value of the few owned and unin-
numbered homes is, if we take the
State collectively, So, 647, and it rises to
So, 956 in the three cities possessing 5000
or more inhabitants. We note, finally.
one point in which the financial situa
ton of Florida seems superior to that of
North Carolina, viz, that of the farm
and home mortgages about 10 per cent
were given to secure part of the pur-
chase money, only relatively small
fraction of the mortgage debt being in
Cured for ordinary expenditure.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-01-02
Marsh Seedless Pomelo.
DERCRIPTION OF THE FRUIT PROPOGATED
BY THE LAKELAND NURSERIES.

1st 1t is straight grapefruit without
a trace of Hy brid.
End. The old original Seeding tree
was heavy bearer, 80 are all the budded
trees that have been propogated from it.
3rd fhave never seen a grape fruit
that was any later or any better keeper
than this variety.
4th. In size, it will pack about fifty
four to sixty to each box.
9Th. The fruit is considered absolutely
seedfess, although once in while you
will find three or four "shells" of seeds.
They are not perfect and would not
propogate.
9th. The ordinary grape fruit has
been found to contain from eighty to
ninety seeds, which has been a great
drawback in introducing it to public
favor.
7th. Ny fruit being seedless, does
away with the necessity Of the heavy
membrane to hold the seeds, as is the
case with our common variety.
9th. The fact of the fruit being seed~
less is not the only thing in it's favor. it
has thin rind, with about one-half as
much bitter as is found in the common
variety, and the pulp has a dark rich
color, and is full of juice.
9th. After careful examination Of
the fruit, number of our largest fruit
growers Tin Florida, California and Cen
trail America) have planted large groves
of this variety, they claiming TO have
great confidence in the future of the
grape fruit Or pomelo and of the seedless
in particular.
Ia addition to the above speciality we
carry a complete stock consisting OF
1877 900 Citrus trees, comprising all the
leading standard varieties. budded On
SonR and Crane Fruit roots.
For description, price OF trees, etc.,
address @. M MARSH,
Lakeland Polk County. Fla.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-01-02
837

company to an award at the Worlds
Fair. Whom can it mean?
Certainly not DR.. Prices. Why? Be-
cause, as the records show, DR.. Prices
exhibited, competed and received the
highest award, both at Chicago and the
California Midwinter Fair The award
in California included Gold Medal The
official examiners pronounced it the
strongest, the purest, the most whole
some and efficient of all the baking
powders. It's title to confidence is I'M
questioned.
Can it be the manufacturers of New
York powder, fictitiously labelled "abso-
lutely pure" who are making "false"
claims? That would be strange indeed,
inasmuch as they were not even consid-
cred in the awards
Was 1T Ammonia in the New York
powder that prevented it's makers from
comp ting? If not what?
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-01-02

lust as well have had five hundred to
thousand dollars worth more of orange
from groves had purposed to ship now.
Well, what is the lesson drawn from
all this? To me it is that another eason
we will have the benefit of the u. 3.
Signal Service in DeLand, the signals so
displayed as that all may have the bene-
fit of them. If this is practicable then
will have personal Geographic signals
Mrs. T. A. W. SINNER
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-01-02

A STATE flower has been chosen bv Yer.
mont with all the pOmp and circumstance
OF legislative sanction. The successful
candidate was the red clover. The vote
taken throughout the state resulted
as fellows: Whole vote cast, 1851:
red clover received 9,572; daisy,
1857; buttercup, 945, scattering, 4, 525.
The clover was selected because it is in,
digenous, fragrant and useful.