The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1895-02-28

where only one was formerly made. Instead
of extracting only about 40 per cent of the
price contained in the cane by rollers, now 80
TO 90 per cent is obtained by the new method.
In place of extracting by pressure, the canes
are cut into chips on cutter similar to our
feed or corn cutters, and then torn into shreds
by another machine called a macerator. BY n
suitable elevator the chips are conveyed to q
point above the center Of the diffusion battery,
where a swinging funnel conveys them to each
cell. The ordinary diffusion battery principly
used now in this country in all the large fac
tories consists of twelve large cells placed up
right in circle; each cell as large as a hum
dred horse power boiler, with openings at the
top and bottom and all connected with pipes.
| They are so arranged that as soon as one cell
or difTuser is changed with chips, it is closed
and warm water forced into It, The water
takes up portion of the sugar and then enters
| a second cell filed with chips. This operation
is repeated until the juice from the first
difi'user, having passed through certain mum.
Der of cells leaves the last one heavily charged
with sugar. In working battery of this
kind, one cell is being charged and the other
emptied while the rest of the battery is under
pressure.
The exaust chips or pulp as IL is then called,
drop into an elevator below and conveyed TO
large and powerful hydraulic press where the
water is pressed from il, and il is finally used
for fuel under the boilers. The juice now in.
stead of being reduced by the old simple way
of kettles, is first treated with dose of lime
and then Carbonic acid, after which IL passes
through filter press where all foreign impur.
tiles are removed. The Juice is then reduced
to consistency of syrup by being boiled in large
multipel and triple effect boilers. From these
boilers II pesses TO the vacuum pan, which is
large globular copper boiler from TO q feet in
diameter. The bottom is double, leaving a
space of an inch or two for the admission of
steam between the two bottoms, and there is
sIn1 ,,t,,
four inches in diameter above the inner bot
tom, so as to still further increase the amount
of heating surface Leading from It's upper
dome, there isa large pipe, communicating with
condenser into which rush of cold wafer is
continually passing, so as to condense all the
steam or vapOr that arises from the liquid boil
ing in the vacuum pan. The object in using
vacuum pan is to boil the syrup at a much
lower temperature than can be done in open
vessels. As the concentration of the liquid
proceeds in the pan, crystals of sugar begin
TO form, and the operator continues to add juice
about every twenty minutes until the pan is
entirely filled with mass of of thick crystal.
lized Cruel calledmasse cutie; II is then allowed
to descend intOa vessel called the mixer, where
ii is manipulated with large paddles for few
minutes, and then run into the centifugals
where the uncrystalized syrup is separated from
the sugar. This method of drying the sugar,
or separating ii from the molasses with cen
trifugal, is performed on the same principal as
the cream and milk separators now used by the
majority of dairy men in this vicinity. The
molasses which comes from this machine is
caught into iron tank wagons and run into
hot room, where, in the course of few days,
more crystals of sugar are formed, and the
mOlasses is again rebOiled and another lot of
sugar separated by running il through tn cen.
trifugals. This sugar Is called seconds, and of
an inferior grade to the first. The sugar thus
manufactured is called raw sugar, but thOus-
ands of pounds of this goes into direct con-
sumption in the southern states, among the
poorer classes. The sugar used in this pant of
the country, though, all goes through another
process, called refining-the granulated sugar
being the first, or best grade, refined, while
the soft white and brown sugar are called Sec
onds and thirds.
In the state of Louisiana there are over six
hundred sugar factories, and about three
tourths of the sugar manufactured is made
with the diffusion process.
The consumption of sugar may be taken AS
an index of prosperity and refinement. The
nations holding first rank in wealth, intelli.
.Rence and enterprise are the greatest sugar
eaters. For number of years, and up until
the year 1892, England was the largest con-
sumer of sugar per capita, but statistics taken
from the report of the commissioner of internal
revenue, show that the consumption in the
United States is now larger for each individual
than in any other land. Therefore we will not
yield first place in civilization to our mother
country.
This saccharine index of national prosperity
and advancement, | think far preferable to
soap. Civilization existed long before soap,
but men have eaten sugar in fruits and honey
since long before the days of the Christian era.
The early Greek civilization had its birth
and experienced vigorous growth without
soap. Homer sang of honey, but soap has not
inspired the pen of any writer except the ad-
vertising poet. In Central Africa grows a
tree, the s9pindus, the fruit of which is nearly
pure soap; but the inhabitants of that country
are at the foot of uncivilized humanity.
Sugar not only marks the progress of civiliza'
tion, but also adds to its pleasures In the
light of all the good itdOes, we should Ibe will.
ing to pardon the inducement to juvenile
theft offered by the old family sugar.bowl.
The pleasure that candy alone gives
children makes sugar peculiarly
national blessing. Why even the dentists and
confectioners all agree to this.
The seductive caramel has often won a vic
tory for bashful cupid, and there is no surer
index of true affection.
Commenting on the essay President Law
renee described shorter process of converting
cane into sugar.
REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES.
Your committee ON orchards find the fruit
buds of the peach orchards badly crippled;
plums, about fifty per cent of them are good;
cherries, sweet varieties and Dukes, mostly
killed, sour varieties, seventy-five per cent
good; pears, some varieties all right, others
badly frozen; apples ali right; ounces, j have
not examined. ii. A. HOLIBAUGH.
Apples:--We have on exhibition today by S.
Holbaugh, one plate of Hubbardson's non
such, good specimens, as 1t is a little out of
season for that variety, also one plate of Bald
wins, fair. ii. A. HoLIBAUGH,
w. l.. NASH.
Flowers:-YOur committee find few choice
potted bulbs exhibited by Mrs. Levi Wearst-
Ter; some varieties of hyacinths, one of frecia
and one of fuchsia; also four varieties Of hya-
cinths by the Rev. ID. NJ. Slusser.
| MRS, CARRIE CoXEY.
Miss AMANDA HoLIBAUGH
Nomenclature of Frut:-YOur committee
| find three varieties of apples on the table for
name; one is an old fashioned pennOck, one a
st. Lawrence the other we cannot name.
| Nj. BIrzER, Com,
Mr.. Bitter then read the following essay:
The apple will grow ON great variety OF
soils, but IL seldom thrives on very dry sands
or soils saturated with moisture. Its favOrit6
soil in all countries is a strong loan of a cal
careOus or limestone nature, a deep, strong,
gravelly marly OF clayey loan, or a strong
sandy loan on a gravelly sub'sOil, produces
the greatest crop and the highest favored
fruits, as well as the utmost longevity of the
trees. Such a soil Is moist rather than dry
the most favorable condition for this fruit
Too damp soils may often be rendered fit foI
the apple by thoroughly draining, and too dry
ones by deep sub-soil ploughing, or trenchinG
where the subs0il is of heavier texture.
| AS regards site: Apple orchards flurish bes