davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
FARM AND GARDEN.
FARMERS AND elcYcLEs.

3
Profits of Agriculture Have Been Dimin-
Ished In Two Ways.
The extension of the trolley and cable
systems of traction for street car lines
has greatly reduced the demand for
horses, and as electricity or steam
power has been substituted for horse
power the market for the cheaper grade
of horses has grown worse. Recently
the farmers who deal in horses have
met with still another disaster which
has diminished the demand further
the bicycle craze. This strikes at horses
of the better quality, ordinary carriage
horses, and not those devoted to the
humble and laborious task of drawing
street cars for their board and lodging.
Livery stables throughout the country,
and more especially in the smaller
towns, are now feeling the sinister eff
fects of the bicycle craze. In country
hotels OF boarding houses where in pre-
vious summers it was the custom of the
guests to go driving, this year there has
been very little demand for carriages,
as bicycles have furnished an adequate
substitute. Not only have the livery
stables suffered in respect of transient
patrons desiring ITO go for drive"
over the green hills and through wind
ing valleys in the country, but the reg
ular customers as well have gone over
to the bicycle contingent very largely.
Country doctors, as a rule, have been
among the best customers of livery sta
bles, but they are so no more, for many
country physicians now use bicycles
for their professional visits, and this is
true of many other former patrons of
livery stables. The large bicycle fac
tories are turning out hundreds of ma
chimes every day. AS the number of
machines increases the demand for
horses falls off, and one of the results
of this has been the cheapening of good
carriage horses and the reduction of
the number of such carriage horses
raised by farmers. In still another
way the farmers of many states have
suffered fIom the effects of the/bicycle
craze; the wheels need no fodder. The
fewer horses, the less demand for hay
and oats; and it is believed in many
quarters that a shortage in the New
York hay crop this year is all that pre-
vents big fall in the price consequent
upon the decrease of tiSe demand.
But while on the one hand the farm
ers of the country have suffered from
the bicycle craze-due directly to the
limited demand for horses and Indirect
~ to the reduced demand for hay and
oats-they have in another way reason
to be grateful to the cyclists, who are
the practical pioneers in the movement,
SO far as this country is concerned, of
better roads. The improvement in
roads is of decided benefit to farmers,
more so, in fact, than some of them
realize or are willing to admit. Better
roads put farmers into closer communi-
cation with consumers, and by decreas-
ing the cost of transportation enlarge
the profits of agriculture, and this be-
neficent work is going on in every part
of the country, for bicyclists are found
all over the United States.-N. Y. Sun.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
THE FARMING WORLD.
COLD STORAGE ROOM.


Excellent Plan Described by the Editor OF
the Country Gentleman.
Can you give me plan for icehouSe with
cold storage room, either underneath Ice or
at end. as thought best.ice TO De USED rom
the storage-room cold? Can this be done, or
will ice melt so rapidly that should be
without it? Would 1t be better to build cold
room separate and fill with ice as needed?
Ice can cool adjacent objects only by
absorbing their heat, and consequently
melting faster than would be the case
if surrounded by nonconducting sub
stances which are not disturbed or re-
newed after once giving up to the ice
whatever heat they will readily yield.
Assuredly, therefore, an icehouse will
be depleted faster if its contents are
called upon to absorb continually the
heat from an apartment OF some size,
opened from time to time, and perhaps
refilled in whole or in part with mate
rial comparatively warm. Care must
consequently be taken not to expect too
much cooling from a limited quantity
of ice; but if a reasonable proportion
be observed between the size of the ice
mass and that of the connected re-
frigerator, our correspondents idea is
p6r16cJIY feasible. AS 10 d uSJd1Icu
plan for carrying it out, we can only
in view of the meager information fur
nished us as to the dimensions desired,
the temperature intended to be pre-
served in the cold storage room and the
kind of goods to be kept there-suggest
that design somewhat like the follow
ing might probably be found useful.
The ice does not rest directly on the
ioists; but there is bed of oak lath,
about ia by inches, laid across the
ioists, about or 5 inches apart, on
which the ice is laid. The drainage is
carried off by a series of V-shaped tin
or iron troughs, which run between the
ioists, all which carry the water to
one point, where it is conveyed outside
by trap pipe. These troughs reach
over to the center of the top of the
ioists, and are soldered together, so
that no water will drip on the floor be-
low. It will be seen that in this plan
there is no sawdust or other preser-
vative in contact with the ice, and the
air of the room circulates around and
over the ice. AS long as the tempera-
ture of the goods stored is above the
temperature of the room, there will be a
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
AMERICAS OAK FORESTS.

Disappearance of the Woods That Were
Once the Nations Pride.
The magnificent oak forests north of
the Ohio river, in the central part of the
northern states, have largely disap-
peared. Within the last five years
there has been an increasing demand
for oak in spite of business depression,
more especially for such timber us
goes into the house finishing, including
plain and quarter-sawed red oak and
white oak. The duration of the Wis
consin red oak supply is now pretty
plainly indicated, and in the meantime
remnants of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan
and southern Illinois oak will have dis
appeared, except in small farm hold
ings, and the great bulk of the supply
will thereafter come from south of the
Ohio. OF course, there is oak in all the
southern states, but the alluvial bottom
lands must furnish the great bulk of
the timber, and as Kentucky and Ten
nessee and West Virginia are partly de-
nUded, the main supply will soon be de-
rived from the lower Mississippi and
its tributaries. If the finest area of
oak timber in the world, namely, that
stripped while the country's population
and industries were comparatively
small, how long will the remaining sup
ply las; when the needs are measured
by our future population and indus
trial development? Walnut is gone /;
cherry, birch and maple will not last
many years, and therefore the demand
for oak will be much greater and will
rapidly increase. 1t must be remem-
bered, too, that oak lands are good for
agriculture after the timber is cut, and
for this reason the denudation will go
on with greater rapidity than on the
lands less valuable for tillage. When
1he tide of emigration sets strongly
toward the alluviai areas of the lower
Mississippi and it's tributaries the hard
wood frosts will melt rapidly away be-
fore the attacks of the farmer. It is
for this reason that large holdings of
southern oak and other hardwoods are
now being secured in the south. After
few years opportunities for such in
Eestments on large scale will be gone
forever.-Garden and Forest
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
Buy Only the Best of Trees.

In buying trees, after you have made
up your mind what you want, be very
certain that you get good trees and true
varieties. A blunder in this can never
be remedied without serious loss.
Never buy sorts you do not want be-
cause the trees look nice, or because the
nurseryman, being overstocked, offers
them at reduced price. Such sorts
might be all right in a family orchard,
but all wrong in your market orchard.
IT would be far better to pay two, three
yes, half dozen-prices for the most
valuable trees. than to plant poor stock
as gift. We have known parties to
plant wrong sorts, not know what they
had till the trees bore, and then, when
their trees ought to have been worth SO
apiece, they went into the orchard and
grubbed them out. Fruit Growers
(TIIi6o
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
AGRICULTURAL HINTS.
ROADS AND BICYCLES.
AT Least One wheel Should BE Kept &


AT Least One Wheel Should BE Kept on
Every Farm.
With good reads throughout the
country, the farmers should become
the strongest friends and the most act
i've users of the wheel.
The average farm horse is quite I'M
suited to serve as a carriage or driving
animal, and the average small farmer is
unable to keep horses for the purpose
OF pleasure driving.
There are many occasions when
a hasty trip must be made to the
post Office or to the store, or the
doctors Office or to a neighbours.
To take the pillow horse from his
work means a loss of valuable time,
and to hurry the heavy animal over the
road endangers his health and his value.
On light, airy wheel, boy or girl
member of the household may be able
to perform the GRAND in a speedy, hap
Ply manner.
With good bicycle and good roads,
the farmers son could dispense with
the keeping of driving horses, carriage
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
ROAD EMBANKMENT.

inside, even when a rock wall is laid up
tc support the outer side, which greatly
increases the chances of upsetting a
loaded wagon, and also causes the road
to wash badly. In building a sidehill
road the wall on the outside ought not
to be laid up perpendicularly, since the
constant outward pressure is quite sure
TO throw the wall down. Built as shown
in the accompanying illustration, the
wall is constantly braced against this
outward pressure and will remain firm
~ in place. 1t pays to have smooth,
well-constructed farm roads, for poor
roads very largely increase the cost of
all the crops that are raised.-American
\ oriculturist.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
ABOUT TREE PLANTING.
What to DO and what Not Co DO Told nm
On Few Words.

What to DO and what Not TO DO Told Ann
Few Words.
The wrong way to plant tree is TO
dig hole in bluegrass sod much small
er than the roots, shove them into the
hole, and when the latter proves to9
email jump on the roots with both feet
and jam them into it, turning the sod
bottom upward on the roots. This il
sometimes done by those who ought to
know better.
The right way is to enlarge the hole
so as to admit roots without bending,
and to a depth sufficient to plant the
tree one inch deeper than it stood in the
| nursery. Then slightly fill with good
surface soil, making a cone in the
| center, upon which the tree will stand.
Bruised or broken roots cut back to
where sound, using a sharp knife and
teing careful to slope from the under
side-so the cut surface will face down
ward. Place the tree in the hole with
the side having the lowest and heaviest
branches toward the southwest, also
lean body of tree toward the two
o'clock sun. Lean the tree slightly !;
| the north side of tree grows faster,
hence so many trees incline away from
| the sun, with consequent injury to the
| trunks from sun scald, flathead borers,
etc.
Set the tree on the cone, spread the
roots evenly in all directions, pushing
the ends downwards. They then act
as braces to hold the tree firm. Don't
let roots be fiattened out, nor, worst of
all, have their ends bent upward. Never
bend roots; rather cut them back some
over the roots and at the same time
gently move the tree up and down, that
| the dirt may be worked in among the
roots. When they are covered to the
| depth of two or three iuches use RAM
mer OF step down into the hole and firm
| the dirt with the feet from that time
until the hole is filled to within an inch
OF the top,when the fir1ned earth should
] be covered with two inches Of line loose
soil to prevent evaporation.
] Plant when the soil will powder, not
paste. If very dry, water should be
poured into the hole after roots have
soil; then, after hole is nearly filled,
finish frming. Watering is seldom
necessary in spring setting, except in
| late planting.
Puddle roots before planting, always.
A half barrel partly filled with water
with enough loan soil in it to make it
thick is good puddle; or dig hole i'll
the ground. Pudding should be done
Immediately before planting and not
allowed to become dry on the roots.
In spring, as soon as frost is out, go
over all fall-planted trees and tramp or
pound the earth solid, for frost will
have loosened and drawn your trees,
and if left they may die.-Fruit Grow
|
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
Marketing Fancy Fruit.

A discouraging fact to the fruit grow
er who is trying to put fancy goods on
the market is that the vender will be
almost sure to give buyers the wrong
name of varieties. This nullifies much
of the growers efforts. About the only
way to overcome this difficulty is to
plainly brand each package with its true
name. These "fancy" varieties could
be shipped in one, two and four quart
baskets in crates, as Strawberries only,
SO as to go to consumers in the original
packages. This is being done in a small
way at certain markets. Each basket
is stenciled with name of variety, pri-
yate brand of the grower, and his adj
dress. Consumers thus learn to recog-
Nize both grower and variety, and in
time will insist upon having only his
fruit.-N. E. Homestead.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
FRESH DAIRY NOTES.

Never let the COW grow poor in win
ter. Open the grain bin to her.
There are three kinds of criticism that
make a person awful mad: To criti-
else ones politics, religion or butter,
however bad they may be.
The milkmen of Chicago have been
hauled over the Goals for selling watered
milk. The dairyman has to compete
with both the lard tub and the pump.
When a dairyman thinks that his
covOs do not suffer from being confined
from the beginning to the end of the
winter, let him remember that the in
jury cannot always be seen. 1t is
against the laws of nature, and that is
enough to know.--Farmer's Voice.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
Making Cider Vinegar.

There is always a good demand for
vinegar, and none is better than that
made from cider out of rich, sweet ap-
pies. The earlier it is made the more
rapid will be the fermentation and the
quicker will come the change from alco-
hoI to acidity. This souring is much
FASTENED by frequent exposure to the
air, turning the cider once day from
one vessel to another. This exposes it
to the air, and if it is done for few
weeks the vinegar will be as sour as by
letting it lie in the barrel for as many
months. The carly apples are often de-
ficient in sweetness. An addition of
sugar to the cider greatly increases the
alcohol and also the acid in it when that
stage is reached.--Prairie Farmer,
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23

gentle draft around the mass of ice,
and of course all the moisture in the
air, vapors and odors from the goods,
will condense on the ice and pass off, SO
that you can keep milk, cream, butter,
fruit and meats all in the same chamber
without danger of injuring the flavor
of any of them.
AT the entrance to the stOreroOm
there must be vestibule, either inside
or outside, as space or circumstances
may direct. If outside, the walls
should be thick and the door very
heavy. The doors, both inside and out
side, should be fitted with rubber, so as
to close perfectly tight, and both doors
must never be opened at the same time.
This vestibule should be large enough
to contain a fair wagonload of goods,
so that if you are receiving load of
stuff, you are not required to stop I'M
til all is in the .vestibule and ready to
store.
The opening for putting in the ice,
shown just under the pulley in the cut,
has two doors, with a space between
each door foot thick. The window in
the coId-room has three sets of sash,
well packed or cemented. The walls
are Ii inches thick, lined with II inches
of sawdust. Thirty-six inches of saw
dust are put on the floor over the ice.
The building shown is 25 feet square,
inside measure, and % feet from floor
of cold-room to ceiling over the ice. The
iceroom is II feet high, and the cold
room nine feet. Pillars are required
under the center of the ice.-Rural New
Yorker.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
SIMPLE EvAPoRAToR.
It Has Proved Most Satisfactory to the
Man who Designed ut.

&c Has Proved Most Satlsf@ctOry to the
Man Who Designed ut.
The rough sketch of an evaporation is
sent, hoping if similar evaporation ~
made it may prove as satisfactory to
others as it has to me. The principal
points involved are economy of space
and rapid drying. The evaporation may
be made as large as the top of cook
stove and as high as one may wish. 1t
should have no top, as the heat ascends
through all the sleeves filed with fruit
and escapes through the top sieve. The
cut has seven sleeves, a, the lower, being
IL inches above the stove. The lower
part should be of galvanized iron and
the holes or ventilators, b, admit cool
air which is heated as it ascends and
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
PIT FOR VEGETABLES.

Some Precautions Are Necessary for Dig
cling One of Them.
Many people practice the plan of
keeping vegetables for part of the
winter, at least, in pits dug in the
ground. Where such plan is adopted
some precautions are necessary. The
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
ROAD ENHANCEMENT.

Simple and Durable Method of Protecting
SidehiII Roads.
Many farm roads have to be built
along a sidehill or bank to avoid too
sharp an ascent. The outer sides of
such roads are usually lower than the
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
KITCHEN STOVE FRUIT EvAPoRAToR.

carries the moisture from the fruit with
it. Different sleeves should be moved
higher OF lower, as they dry the fruit.
[ use perforated zinc for sieves with
small wood frame around the edge
w. Is. Troop, in Farm and Home.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
Stem in the Rteht D,rect,on.

It is interesting to learn that the
Lawrence scientific school of Harvard
university considers road-making of so
much Importance that it has engaged an
instructor for teaching exclusively the
art of road-construction. Good results
should follow from similar attention to
the subject in the leading engineering
schools of the country.--N. Y. Sun.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23

as nearly obviated here as they could be
anywhere.
In this barn, or any barn, the animals
should all head outward, so as to get
the air and light. The neat yentilator
at the top shows that the animals get
fresh air in winter. The greatest OBJ
lection to basement stable is that the
moisture from the animals rises
through the floor above and penetrates
the hay and grain stored upon that floor
and often molds them.
On the whole, however, this barn is
built on an excellent pattern. One more
convenient for the storing and distribu-
ton of food for live stock could not well
be devised.-Connecticu Farmer.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23
CIRCULAR COW BARN.

Very Convenient for the Storing and Dis
tributlon of Food.
Here is one mans idea of model
barn. 1t has room for COWS and horses
both, with lofts overhead for grain.
The objections to basement stables are
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23

If we are unwilling to strive to make
the best butter in the world better not
make butter.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1895-11-23

trench ought, if possible, to be dug
upon ridge, or knoll. In any event
the ground should slope from its top on
both sides to turn surface water. If
dug upon ridge a small box drain can
be made at the center of the bottom,
carried the length of the trench and
then turned through the bank to come
to the surface farther down the slope.
A bit of wire gauze netting will keep
out mice and other animals, and the
trench, wholly freed from the danger
of standing water, can be kept for use
year after year.-American Agricul-
turist.
The Banner-Democrat. [volume] (Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La.) 1892-current, 1895-12-14
Proceedings Of the Senatorial and
Judicial Convention.

Pursuant to call the 25th Senate
rial aud The 7ih Judicial District Con-
yen,ions met on this the Alb day of
December, 1895, at Delta, La.
The following delegates were pres
ent &:
w. S. Brown of East Carroll parish,
proxy for Messrs. Davis, Nicholson,
Beard. Blackburn, Dunn, Pond aud
Golf: II. N. Rae proxy for Messrs.
Tompkins, Aschaffepburg and WHY,
while Madison was represented by Or.
S. r. Dangerfield, Landon WHY, a. u.
Handy. A. E. Kells, James J. Dnndas,
H. b. Holmes, j. II. Gilfoil, w. ID.
Wilkinson. w. P. Sewer, j. q. Boney,
M. G.. Harris and A. j. Sewer, Jr.
On motion of w. S. Brown, II. b.
Holmes was nominated aud selected
as CT airman and A. j. Sewer, Jr., as
secretary.
There being no opposition TO ere
dentials presented, nominations we're
! in order.
Mr.. VS.. Brown of East Carroll
p|aced in nomination for Judge of the
7,b Judicial District, Field +. Mont
gomery of East Carroll, which was
promptly seconded by Mr.J. II. Gilfoi
of Madison. There being no Other
nominations, his nomination was made
unanimous.
i James IL. Gilfoil placed in nomina
ton for Senator TO represent the
Twenty-fihh Senatorial District. tn
name of William NJ. Murphy, which
was seconded by w. S. Brown of Eas
Carroll. There being no opposition
his nomination was made unanimous
A. C. Handy, of Madison, placed il
lnorniuation William S. Holmes for dis
Il trict Attorney of the Seventh Judicia
, District, which was seconded by w.
! Brown of East Carroll. No op2osi
ton. bis domination was made unan
nous.
On motion of j. II. Gilfoil, seconde
by j. j. Dundas, the chairman OF TIL
convention was authorized to appoin
! the judicial and senatorial execn'ly
committees, being allowed time !
e make said appoint aud the chai'
man TO be included as one OF eac
committee.
On motion of J. ii. Gilfoil, on
rising vote. thanks we're rendered ID
Dangerfeld, of Delta, for courtesi'
g extended The delegates of the eoavel
/. ton.
On motion of j. III. Gilfoil, it VI
= resolved that these proceedings
e published in the Madison Journs
q Banner-Democrat. Gimes-Democra
Picayune aud Ssates,and theVicksbui
:. COMMERCIAL Herald.
1t There being DO further business,
"a motion of j. Ii. Giifoil. tie conventit
adjourned sine die.
'e II. b. HOLMES, Chairma
Al. SEWER, JR, Secretary.