davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald., 1895-08-08
Fourteen Jurors VIII Sit

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 7.-District
Attorney Barnes announces that for the
purpose of avoiding delays that might
arise from the sickness or death of
Juror. fourteen jurors will be impaneled to
try Durrant. The attorneys on both sides
have agreed to this action from the fact
that the trial is expected to last several
months. The two extra Jurors will attend
the sessions of the court regularly the
same as the other jurors, but will take no
part in form ulatine verdict unless called
upon to act as alternates. The law auth
orizing the swearing in of extra Jurors
was passed two years ago by the Califor.
MIA legislature,
The herald., 1895-08-08
Remains Identified

WAUKEEMIS, o. T., Aug. THE
three skeletons found west of here three
weeks ago have proved to oe the remains
OF two Fowler boys and their brother-in
law, who were killed by Indians in 1875.
The remains vera identified by an ankle
brace which was found near the rema ins.
Relatives Of tho Fowlers.are wealthy resi-
dents Of Canton, O., to which place the
remains will be taken for burial.
The herald., 1895-08-08
LIE COMPANY, 1O7-1Oo N. Spring St.

eron, who tried to arrest him, Hart ran.
Policeman Cameron fred three shots at
him, striking him in both legs. Har 1
after running half block was caught by
another policeman attracted by the shoot
ing.
The shooting occurred in the business
district. and there was great excitement
for some time,
The herald., 1895-08-08
DR.. Prices Cream Baking Powder
Worlds Fair Highest Medal and Diploma.

Kregelo & Bresee, funeral directors.
Broadwav and Sixth st~eet. Vel ~"
The herald., 1895-08-08
Her Sanity Questioned

:SAN FRANCISCO. Aug. Mrs.
Louise Worthington Is being examined on
the question of her sanity before Super
ior Judge Wallace and jury. Sho is the
slayer of Harry Baddeley and on her first
trial was sentenced to twenty-five years
in prison. Insanity experts generally con-
slider that she was sane when sne killed
Baddeley
The herald., 1895-08-08
Anaconda Mine Transferred

NEW YORK, Aug. IA morning pa.
Hamilton Smith, the mining expert of the
exploration company of London, has con.
cluded negotiations for the purchase OF .
controlling interest in the Anacondx mine
of Montana. The terms of the tYansac.
tion are private
The herald., 1895-08-08
Texas Silver Convention

FORT WORTH, Tex. Aug. 1.-THE
platform adopted by the silver conven-
tion declares radically in favor of free
coinage OF silver at a ratio of IL to |. and
strongly condemns the financial policy of
the administration.
The advocate., 1895-03-27

and lay at the foundation Of sll her
elasticity and endurance. In France
her sssignats issued at the commence
ment and during the revolution per-
formed the same Office as our cOntl-
mental bills and enabled the nation 70
gather up its latent strength and call
out its energies. Almost every nation
in Europe at one time or another has
found It necessary or expedient to re-
sort to the same method of carrying on
its operations or defending itself
against aggression. 1t would be sad
indeed if this great nation were now to
be deprived Of the power SO necessary
to enable It to protect its own exist.
ence and to cope with other great pow J
ers Of the world. No doubt foreign
powers would rejoice if we should deny
the power. They have from the lrst
taken a deep interest In the question.
But no true friend of our government,
to its stability and its power to sustain
itself under all vlClssitudes, can be In
different to the great wrong which IL
would sustain by denial Of the power
in question. Within a few weeks after
the decision in Hepburn VS.. Grlswold
was delivered against the gTeenback),
when the vacancies on the bench were
filed, It was determined to hear the
question reargued."
The constitutionality Of the legal
tender acts was again maintained In
December, 1872. in the national su.
preme court which reversed a contrary
decision of the supreme court Of Con.
pecticut, KANSAS UNIVERSITY,
The advocate., 1895-03-27

pleasure in calling attention TO the plan 90
shown above Of the Hspzood PlOW com.
paDy for doing this work, especially the
running Of the sub soil plOw behind the
regular plow, and doing the work at one
operation that is usually accomplished By
two, thus saving q man and dOi1g better
work and easier on the team. SIetheir Gd-
veHtisemenl in this paper.
The advocate., 1895-03-27
The Lowest Rates Ever Made in the South.

The Lowest Rates Ever Made In the South.
Will be in effect via the Louisville d
Nashville railroad on April and
30. 1896. RouEd trip tickets will be SoldGo
points in Kentucky, Tennepsee. Alabama
Mississippi. Georgia and West florida and
one Wsy tickets TO Florida at about bali Che
regular rates. Ak your ticket agent a0ous
II, snd IL be cannot sell you excursion tick
siS write to @. P. Aimore, General Psassa-
ger Agent. Louisville, Ky, or George b
HoEnSE, D. p. A, st.. Louis, NO.
The advocate., 1895-03-27
Legal Tender Decisions.
NO. VII

that an act making mere promises to
pay dollars legal tender in payment
of debts previously contracted is in
consistent with the spirit of the con-
stitution and that it is prohibited by
the constitution. With the chief
justice agreed Justices Nelson, Grier,
Clifford and Field. Justices Miller,
Swaynne and Davis dissented from
the majority. Chase also said in his
opinion: "All modern history testl.
Gles that notes issued by the authority
of government and made receivable,
for dues of the government always OBJ
tain at first ready circulation" Mil
ler wrote vigorous dissenting opin-
ion opposing the views of the live:
ga currency not redeemable promptly
in coin, but depending upon the credit
of the promisor whose resources are
rapidly diminishing while his liabilities
are increasing, soon sinks to the dead
level of worthless paper. AS no man
would have been compelled to take 1t
in payment of debts, as it bore no in
terest, as its period of redemption
would have been remote and uncer'
tain, this must have been the newt.
able fate of any extensive issue OF such
notes. But when by law they were
made to discharge the functions of
paying debts, they had perpetual
credit or value equal to the amount Of
all debts, public and private, in the
country. If they were never re-
deemed, as they never have been, they
still pay debts at their par value, and
for this purpose were then, aud always
have beer, eagerly sought by the
people. To say, then, that this quail
ity of legal tender was not necessary
to their usefulness seems to be unsup-
ported by any sound view of the situa'
tion. Two houses of congress, the
president who signed the bill and if'
teen state courts have expressed their
belief in the constitutionality Of these
laws"
The hesitation of the Indiana court,
the dissent of two judges out of seven
in New York and two of five in Penn
sylyania and the majority opinion in
the case of Hepburn VS.. Griswold
where five nulifed the greenback laws
which three strove to uphold, these
were the acts which have given the
money changers their cult. From that
hour to this they taVe shrieked out,
"Unconstitutionsl," sometimes vary
ing the phrase with doubtful consti'
tutionaity." On the other hand, the
legal.tender acts had been firmly up
held, as we have seen, in New York,
Pennsylvania, Illinois, Michigan, Wis
consin, Iowa, Missouri, California,
Nevada and Idaho, and also indirectly
sustained in New Hampshire, Massa.
chusetts, Indiana and Vermont, with
Kentucky in doubt.
The masses of the people liked the
greenback too we'll to see it decided
out of existence without a question.
The retirement of Justice Grier and
President Grants appointment of JUS
tices Strong and Bradley changed
somewhat the personnel of the court.
The greenback question appeared
again. The decision in the illegal
Tender Cases." delivered May l, 1871,
The advocate., 1895-03-27

The effect Of paper currency is not
understood on this side Of the water.
Aud, indeed, the whole thing is q mys'
terry to politicians how we have been
able to continue q war four years with
out money, and how we could pay with
paper that had no previously fixed
fund appropriated specially to redeem
it. This currency, as we manage 1t, Is
wonderful machine
"Agsin on October 8, 1880, Franklin
wrote: with this paper, without
taxes, for the first three years, they
fought and battled one Of the most
powerful nations Of Europe
"Another ground Of power to issue
treasury notes or bills is the necessity
of providing proper currency for the
country, and especially Of providing
for the failure or disappearance OF or
dinary currency in times Of financial
pressure, and threatened collapse Of
commercial credit. Currency is ma
tional necessity. The operations OF
government, as well as Of private indl'
viduals, are wholly dependent upon it
State governments are prohibited from
making money or issuing bills. Unit
form money Is one object Of the Consti
tuition. Coming money and regulating
it's value is conferred on the genera
government exclusively. That gov
ernment has also the power to issue
bills. 1t follows as matter Of neces
sity as a consequences Of these various
provisions, that it Is a special duty Of
the general government to provide
national currency.
"When ordinary currency dlSap
pears, as it often does In time Of war
when business begins to stagnate ant
general bankruptcy Is imminent, theE
the government must have power a
the same time to renovste its own re
sources and to revive the droopinl
energies of the nation by supplying 1
with a circulating medium. The peo
pie must be aided to pay debts snC
meet obligations. Chats paternalism
and, therefore, wrong. See j. Sterling
Morton, secretary Of sgriculture.) Th'
debtor interests Of the country repre-
sent its bone and slnew, and must bt
encouraged to pursue its svocatlons. 1
relief were not afforded, universe
bankruptcy would ensue and industr!
would be stopped. 1t is an undenlabl,
fact that during the late civil war, the
activity of work shops and factories
mines and machinery, ship yards, rail
ways and canals Of the loyal states was
caused by the issue Of legal tender
currency which constituted an inex
haustible fountain Of strength to th,
national cause.
"But the creditor interest will los'
some Of its goldI Is gold the one thinl
needfulP Is it worse for the credlto
to lose a little by depreciation thar
everything by the bankruptcy Of hi
debtorH Nay, is it worse than to los,
everything by the subVersion of tn,
governmentP What is it that protect
him in the accumulation and posses
sion Of his wealth. Is it not the gov
ernment and its laWsP Can he no
consent to trust that government for
brief period till it shall have vindicatet
its right to existP
The advocate., 1895-03-27
BapgoOd lrlsaliug SulsolIera

Owing 20 the universal interest NJ this
time In tha West ON the sil 'cS OF irrigar
ton by deep. or sub Il blowing, We take
The advocate., 1895-03-27

Pennsylvania and Is the only Judge
advanced to higher position after
sustaining the greenbsck. With such
a care does Shylock see to it that his
implscable foes do not gain power
The masses soon neglect their true
friends and forgive their enemies. Not
so with plutocracy.
Justice Strong said: "To make
treasury notes a legal tender for the
payment Of all debts is a power con-
fesssdIy possessed by every independ
ent sovereignty other than the United
States. This court speaking through
the chief justice in Veazie Bank VS..
Fenno, sVoWed that it Is constitu
tional right Of congress to provide cur
rency for the whole country; that this
might be done by coin, or United
States notes, or notes Of national
banks. More than once in our history
has the regulation (of the value of
money! been changed without any de-
nial of the power of congress to change
it. No one ever doubted that a debt
OF $1,000, contracted before 1884, could
be paid by 100 eagles coined after that
year, though they contained no more
gold than 81 eagles, such as were
coined when the contract was made.
This is not because Of the intrinsic
value OF the coin, but because of its
legal value. The eagles coined after
1891 were not money until they were
authorized by law, and had they been
coined before without a law fixing
their legal value, they could no more
have paid debt than uncOined bul.
lion, or cotton, or wheat. 1t is asked
how anything can be made a uniform
standard of value, which has itself
no yalHeP 1t is hardly correct
to speak Of a standard Of value.
The constitution does not speak of it.
1t contemplstes a standard for that
which has gravity or extension, but
value is an ideal thing. The coinage
acts fix its unit as a dollar. But the
gold or silver thing we call dollar is
in no sense standard of dollar. 1t
is a representative of it. There might
never have been a piece of money Of
the denomination of a dollar. There
never was q pound sterling coined
until 1915, if we except few coins
struck in the reign of Henry VIII. and
almost Immediately debased, yet the
pound has been the unit of British cur.
rency for many generations. 1t is,
then, a mistake to regard the legal
tender acts as either fixing a standard
of value or regulating money values,
or making that money which has no
intrinsic value. 1t will be seen that
we hold the acts Of congress con-
stitutional as applied to contracts
made either befOre'or after passage" "
Justice Bradley concurring said; "In
this country the habit had prevailed
from the commencement of the eigh-
teenth century of issuing bills Of credit
and the revolution of independence
had just been achieved by means of
similar bills issued by the continental
congress. These bills were generally
made legal tender for the payment of
all debts, public and private, until, by
the influence of English merchants at
home, parliament prohibited the issue
oe hillu with that nualifv This nro.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-12-27
Bishop snttcrIce Accents.

DR.. Satterlees acceptance of the Office of
Bishop of Washington recently rendered TO
him by the local Episcopal Diocese, of
which he today notified the committee of in
vitation. will be welcome news to all the
chGrchmen of the new diocese who will
thus be enabled to complete their organiZa-
ton without delay. The wisdom of their
choice of DR.. Satterlee was at once appar-
ent upon his election but there was enough
doubt of his acceptance to make many fear
full lest another convention would be nee
essary. The reasons for his hesitation were
unusually strong. The rector of an old and
wealthy congregation situated in the me-
tropolis of the country. he is bound to his
present work by no ordinary ties and it
has been apparent ever since he was notified
OF his elevation to the biShoprc that he
has been in serious doubt as to his proper
course That he has chosen the path of duty
which leads him to the nations capital to or
ganize the new diocese of Washington is a
matter for coaSratuation not only among
members of the church that has summoned
him to this high honor but among the citi-
Zens of all denominations and beliefs who
will welcome such a strong and capable
man to the local field.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-12-27
Bury All the Wires.

The regularly recurring stories about the
Gripping of telegraph and telephone lines
by severe storms are now at hand, pointing
out once again the folly of a continuation of
the overhead system of electrical transmits
sion. 1t 80 happens that the wires are al
most always broken outside of the cities in
the open country where the winds have full
sweep. where breaks are hardest to repair
and where the laying of eonduits for the re-
ception of the wires, 1t should be noted
would cost less and cause less annoyance to
the people than in to cities. All these con-
siderations go to demonstrate the fact. ap-
parent perhaps to the corporations that the
overhead system is cumbersome, inconyen-
lent and costly. and that the time has come
for a burial of the wires throughout the
routes, whether urban or rural. The BUSH
ness interests of the country ought to en-
list themselves in the effort to persuade
the telegraph companies to change their
methods, for each winter brings its violent
atmospheric storms, each of which is liable
TO cause complete stoppage of all facilities
Tor long distance communication. These
events are disastrous in many ways, and
the losses suffered by the country's COM
mercial institutions from this source alone
II aggregate would cover much of the ex-
pense of buryng every wire in the country
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-12-27

The promptness with which the House
yesterday passed the revenue measure pro-
posed as a relief to the treasury may soon
be contrasted effectively with the mastery
manner in which tine Senate can waste
precious time. Unless all signs fail, the
upper branch will take it's usual course and,
after reference to a committee through
which the bill may never pass. 1t is very apt
to delay on one pretext and another until
weeks have gone by. The need of a revision
Of the ru IS was never more apparent than
at such a time when the administration is
confronted with undoubted emergency
and when the treasury is on the verge of
being obliged once again to go forth with
bonds to sell in order to meet the necessi-
ties OF the gold reserve and to restore the
failing revenues. The House acted in such
short order that there may be in some quar-
tiers feeling that the measure was rushed
through with inadequate consideration, yet
the history Of legislation of this character
goes to show that II ere is practically no like
hhood Of any amendments being accepted
even after days of debate. The usual course
is for a measure that does not deal with
small details to go through without change
and weeks Of discussion would probably
have had no effect whatever except per-
haps those wrought of necessity caused by
the changes in general conditions incidental
TO the lapse of time. The republicans de-
c!ded upon course of action and followed
1t with promptness that, under the cir
cumstances, was highly commendable The
senate should act as promptly upon the
measure PASSED yesterday by the House and
either by its speedy acceptance or it's re-
Jection give the administration some as
surance OF the course of future events
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-12-27
Street Railway Legislation,

The Introduction yesterday in the House
OF bill authorizing the Columbia railroad
company to extend its line NAV be taken
as the signal for the renewal of the old
time fight between the Columbia and the
Washington and Georgetown roads for the
territory lying west of the State. War and
Navy building and south of Pennsylvania
avenue. which has never been supplied
with street-car line and at present has
only q herdic service. The feature of the
bill that most interests the citizens at
large is that which concerns the mechanical
arrangement Of the tracks in the vicinity
OF Fifteenth street and New York avenue,
which In at present one of the most dan
gerous corners in the city. So complex Is
the problem. owing to the neglect of
Congress to provide for the present emer-
gency in Its legislation of several sessions
ago. that 1t Is doubtful If satisfactory So
luton can be reached except by general
enactment rearranging the tracks of the
Capital Traction. the Metropolitan and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-12-27

1t is very natural that Spain should desire
an alliance with Great Britain, France and
Holland for the protection of European colo
Eies on this continent. Not that there IS any
legitimate necessity for such an arrange
ment- The suggestion. after This country $
discreet forbearaEce with reference to at
fairs In Cuba, shows a sadly suspicious
quality In the Spanish nature. But it would
be immensely convenient for Spain, hy rep
resenting to creduious ears that the United
States Is unduly interfering in Cuba, to call
powers more potent than itself as allies to
the scene where the insurgents have shown
such valiant persistence in their ambitions
for freedom
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-12-27
STAR, FRIDAY DECEMBER

Columbia lines. so as to relieve congestion
on Fifteenth street and to prevent an
equally dangerous condition from arising
on Fourteenth street between New York
avenue and II street. The latter is short
stretch, but 1t Is so constantly patronized
that ii is today second only in inconven-
fence and danger to the junction corner at
Fifteenth street and New York avenue. 1t
is noteworthy that the recently introduced
measure gives the Columbia line access to
the territory in question by way of Fiji
teenth Fl and Seventeenth streets, thus in
volving the use of the Metropolitan tracks
on III street for two blocks and necessitat-
ing change from cable power to some
other means means of PROPULSION since
the Metropolitan line Will in few months
be cunning with underground electric
system which is Inconsistent with a cable
on the same tracks. The Columbia and the
Metropolitan railway companies have for
some time been practically one and it is
perhaps just as we'll that they should be
consoEda ted now under one title, SO as to
perretuate the system of free transfers
that was voluntarily adopted by The com
panies about two years ago. The Star in the
past has opposed all ideas of a general con-
solidation of the city's street-railway lines
under single management and the wis
Com of this course has been amply shown
by the experience of Philadelphia, which
is just now suffering from the arbitrary
acts of the Union Traction Company. with
out relief being III sight. The arguments.
however, that apply to general consolida-
ton do not hold as against smaller COM
binations as long as competition between
the main systems of transportation lines
Is preserved. Locally this would be the
case in the rivalry between the Capital
Traction Company and the proposed Metro
politan Electric Traction Company. which
are 50 nearly parallel that the city would
not feel the burden of monopoly as long as
they were kept separate and distinct.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1895-12-27

Major Powell is reported replying TO
an argument against the establishment of
a garbage crematory in the northwestern
section that 1t was not the crematory that
was really objectionable. but the hauling
of the garbage through the streets. This
speaks poorly for the collection service and
for the vigor of the surveillance exercised
by the authorities over the contractors.
By no possibility can the citizens who have
looked into the matter at all intelligent1y
be persuaded into the belief that the city's
garbage can not be collected and hauled
in an inoffensive manner. The market is
well stocked with devices for the odorless
collection of such refuse that have stood
the test of practical application Indeed
the comparatively poor carts now in use
here. when first put into service, were
capable of holding the odors, and the col
lection during the early days of the later
period of garbage disposal was fairly uno5-
jectionable. 1t was so far superior to the
prior experiences of the citizens that they
were delighted, only to be disappointed,
however, when the service became slack,
when drivers were permitted to leave open
the lids of their carts, and when the carts
themselves became broken and were al
lowed to become foul through lack of
proper care. Major Powell must not eX-
pect the people to be satisfied with poor
collection service. nor can he hope by hold
ing such defective part of the system up to
blame to shield a proposition that is often
sive to practically all the people regard
less of the sections in which they live The
present methods of collection are made
quate. 1t may be true that the main Of
Tense Is given by the hauling of the gar
bage through the streets by the present
h.
isfed with this equipment. and they decline
to accept, too the proposition that the
urban burning of garbage is the bess avail
able plan. II. added to the nuisance of a
crematory located in a populous neighbor-
hood, the Commissioners insist upon giving
the city collection service that is the
greatest of all the offenses. the case IS in
deed worthy of the immediate intervention
Of Congress.