davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-04-17
Remaklng a Grove.

w. A. Cooper, superintendent Of the
Standard Groves near this place, has
gang of men at work. He is cutting off
the budded trees first, the cutting being
done just above the up limit of green
wood in the trees. In nearly every case
tn s takes the entire top, leaving only a
nare trunk from one to three feet in
height. 1t is his purpose, after the cut
ting shall be accomplished, to clear the
ground of branches, and encourage the
growth of crab grass among the trees,
to be cut for hay later in the season.
To this end, the ground will be put in
the best possible condition, and the sur
face leveled so that the grass can be cut
with moving machine. Mr.. Cooper
expects to supply this market with hay
this season, rather than have hay ship
ped in from the North. So soon as the
budded trees shall have been disposed
of, he will commence upon the seedlings.
With these it will! onlv be necessary to
cut the smaller branches, as the trunks
and larger branches are alive.
BY extra care and nutrition he hopes
to force a new growth, which will at the
farthest cause the trees to bloom next
winter and put on fruit that will mature
in two years from the date of the freeze.
The owners Of these groves have directed
him to push matters, and get their groves
in bearing condition at the earliest date
possible.
Other large growers in this county are
working with the same spirit of deter
mination. In some cases they have sent
to California for wood with which to
graft, and are cutting their trees down
to the collar just at the surface of the
ground, and inserting CRAFTS after the
old time method of grating which pre-
vailed among apple growers at the North
when our fathers were planting out ap-
pie orchards. By this method these
men hope to make better time than by
waiting tor sprouts to come up and then
bud into the sprouts But with ma
iority of grove owners this latter method
must prevail, as they have not the
means to pay for the heavy and immedi
ate cutting of the old trees
They can, however, proceed more
slowly, and by doing most Of the work
themselves, will be able to get the dead
wood out of the way in few months,
and buds inserted into the young growth,
which will come from the ground or
from the old trunks. 1t will be possible
for these men to obtain buds from the
more favored sections of our own State.
In the Manatee river section, on the
on the lower Indian
river are plenty of groves and nurseries
from which it will be possible to obtain
buds. But buds will be in demand and
valuable.-Orlando Correspondent Flor
ida Citizen.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-04-17

orange stocks and lemon stocks, and the
result always was trees bearing sweet
oranges He declares that for sixty
years around his town of Finale the
same result had been observed, and says
"There is no instance of a bitter orange
tree from seed of sweet or Anges, nor of d
sweet orange tree from the seed of bitter
oranges In 1909 the orange trees OF
Finale having been killed by frost, the
pract ice of raising sweet orange trees
from seed was introduced, and every one
of these plants produced the sweet
iuiced fruit"
The conclusion is forced upon us that
the sweet orange and the bitter orange
are the onlv varieties of wild stock,
which there is every reason to believe is
a native of southern China or Burmah
Two alternatives seem to be perfectly
feasible with respect to the introduction
of the sweet orange into Europe A
OdIICSlO says IL IA6F AAONO AOiA"V ~
the bitter orange from China, being
brought into the Mediterranean region
about the beginning of the fourteenth
century," Or, seeing that the bitter
orange was itself partly domesticated,
further cultures by the peoples of the
different countries may have induced
different varieties independently of each
other. One has only to stand by a fruit
store and pick ont orange after orange,
varying in size, color, shape and flavor
to be ready to accept this.
FLoURIsHEs IN MANY LANDS.
AS the orange flourishes in any mod
erately good soil, we'll drained but
moist, there are many regions suitable
for it's culture. China and Japan come
first, next the islands of the Indian
ocean, next perhaps the Mediterranean
region, Portugal, the Azores. When
Captain Cook visited the Pacific islands
the orange was but little known. Now
it's range embraces not only those islands
but the continent of Australia and the
islands of New Zealand. The Spanish
brought the orange to the West Indies,
and thence it reached the mainland,
where it flourishes, except for such
catastrophes as the recent one in Flor
ida. California also has become an i'm
portant center of it cultivation, so that
North America, which formerly de-
pended on West Indian fruit, ordinarily
has enough grown within it's own bounds
to supply it's wants.
Looking back at the history thus
briefly given, it may be said that the
orange, as a domesticated plant, is in it's
infancy com pared with many others in
our gardens. What it may become I'M
der mans careful selection we can
foreshadow, but perfectly seed
less varieties, and one in which the seeds
are collected in capsule at the apex,
show an amenability to human selection
and culture which may result in the pro-
duction of fruit surprising even the
best existing specimens.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-04-17

the tree was introduced into india ana,
be coming known to the Arabs, was
carried by them to Arabia about the |
tenth century of the Christian era. 1t
soon was found in Mesopotamia and
Syria, and then in Egypt and the rest of
north Africa, and in Spain, borne along
the tide Of Moorish conquest, from
which It's spread seems to be inseparable.
In the twelfth century, crusaders
brought it from Palestine to Italy and
the south of France. st. Dominic. the
the founder of the Dominicians, is said
to have p anted an orange tree in the
garden of st Sabina, in 1900, which is
said to be living now and to bear fruit.
All this time we do not hear anything
about the sweet orange, and up to the
fifteenth century Arab books and chron-
icles only mention bitter or sour or
anges In the seventeenth, among
Sanskrit descriptive words for the
orange, there is no allusion to sweet or
agreeable taste, but there is reference
to the color, the odor, the acid mature
as harmful to the teeth, and to the place
of growth. When and whence then,
did the sweet orange become known
to European civilization? If it had
been cultivated in India, there would
have been a Sanskrlt name for it and
suitable words to describe it's pleasant
character: but there are none. Had it
been a fruit in use when Alexander the
Great invaded the land, the Greeks
would have become acquainted with it.
as they did with the banana. Hebrews,
with their intimate acquaintance and
connection with Mesopotamia, could
ardly have failed to know it, Mighty
Rome would assuredly have introduced
it to minister to the luxury Of the i'm
perial and courtly epicures. All these
considerations narrow the question.
ITS CAREER IN SPAIN AND ITALY.
There are Incidental mentions of it's
the beginning of the sixteenth century
If we try back from this period, we find
that the Florentine who accom- panied
Vasco de CANA in his voyage round the
Cape of Good Hope in 1897 states that in
the islands of southern Asia there are
plenty of oranges, but all sweet" There
is no surprise at the plasantness Of the
taste, but an evident knowledge of the
sweet orange and establishment that the
bitter one is absent. This see ms to jus
tify the inference that the historian
knew both very we'll. A statute of the
archiepiscopal city OF Fermo, in central
Italy, of the date 1879, mentions citrons,
sweet oranges, etc. When, therefore, the
Portuguese brought sweet oranges from
India and from China, which they
reached in 1913: thew brought no new
fruit, although they may have brought
a superior variety. This, in fact, seems
to be more probable, for they began the
culture of the Chinese stock in the
Azores and their own peninsula, and
soon Portuguese and Lisbon oranges be-
came a synonym for the best, while for
years the famous St. Michael oranges
from the Azores were accounted the
most delicious, long after their culture
ceased.
THE BITTER AND THE SWEET,
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-04-17
Origin Of the Orange.
PROBABLY ANATIvE OF BURMAH OR SOUTH
ERN CHINA

lASL lew months must have drawn at
tention to two facts at least, says Mr..
Robert Blight, in the New York Even
ing Post. First, the important part
which the orange crop plays in the
prosperity Ct a whole state, as well as
in the food market; and, secondly, that
even in Florida, with its balmy breeze,
the orange tree is exposed to risks which
it is unable to meet. because it IS removed
from its native home. Frost. too,
caused serious damage to some Of the
orange groves In Southern California in
the winter of 1894
A word or two as to it's name: The
Sanskrit name is nagrunga, which be-
came narungee in Hindustan and naranj
ia Arabic. We next get naranja in
Spanish, and naranzi in Italian. In the
latter language the ''n" was dropped
and the word took the form of arancia.
This in turn was Latinized into auran-
tium, probably because Latin in med
ieval times was the language of inter
communication between nations and,
finally, owing to false derivation Of
the first syllable from the Latin for
''good," we get the French from which
the name Of the fruit bears in our own
language-orange. The original root
"nar" is probably the same as the word
sill found in Per ian for pomegranate.
The tree which furnishes us with the
luscious fruit belongs TO the genus
citrus. and its congeners are, to give
them their popular names, the shaddOck
or "grape fruit" the citron, the lemon.
the lime, the sweet lime and, if we add
varieties of oranges which have wrongly
been elevated to the rank of species, the
mandarin and the bergamOt
ITHAs HISTORY.
Like many of the fruits now so pee
essary to mans comfort, the orange
possesses history which is lost in the
mists of the past. 1t may be worth
while, however, to gather up what we
can. All varieties of "orange" seem to
be reduclble to two-the bitter orange
and the sweet orange. The former is
known commonly as the bigarade. or
Seville orange, the latter name arising
from the fact that the ancient, historic
town of Spain became great center of
it's cultivation. It has, however, very
wide range, even in Europe, where 1t
has long been valued as the source of
orange marmalade, as well as for the
dried rind, which is used as an aromatic
tonic in both the tincture and the infu-
sion, and for the essential oil largely
used in perfumery. This was undoub
tedly the first orange known to the
dwellers around the sunny Mediter-
ranean, by Europeans often regarded as
the home of the orange. Greeks and
Romans, although acquainted with the
"Median apple" or citron, were ignorant
of even the bitter orange. 1t came to
these Mediterranean shores in q curious
WaY.
It's found in wild states in northern
India, Sir Joseph Hooker, among others,
recording it from several districts south
of the Himalayas. Fruit two inches in
diameter, spherical or slightly flatter-
ened, bright In color, UNBEATABLE OF
r.uLish hitter taste. is found on these
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13

The Secretary of State of New jersey
appears to have had an uncommonly
good thing. Since 1879 he has been paid
a salary of $4,000 in lieu of all other com
pensations, and has been allowed $1,000
for clerical assistance. But he has col
lected fees aggregating nearly 81, 900, 600,
of which he has filed no report. The
only account of these fees is in the secre-
tary's private book, which contains also
fees received by him and retained fol-
his private use. The evidence taken by
the committee shows that the Secretary
of State mingled these moneys with his
own and, to use his own expression, they
were absorbed in his personal affairs, u
never being kept separate. They were
all invested in his personal enterprises,
the money not being kept on hand AT
the end of the fiscal year he turned over
certain amounts to the state, but there
exists no means for verifying his accounts.
BY means of fees improperly appropriate
ed, and of expenses improperly charged,
the secretary has doubled his official sal
ary, in addition to the profit which he has
derived from the use of state money in
his own business. What appears to be
true of the Secretary of State appears to
be true Of the most of the other officers
They have run their departments to suit
themselves and they. have been practically
without supervision
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13

by President Low of Columbia and Presi-
dent Taylor of Vassar Pres dent Low
says:
1t is something new in the history of
education, l think, to determine by law
what percentage of school-book shall be
given up to a certain subject ! should
be much more concerned to know whether
the space, large or small contained mat
ter worth teaching than simply that it
dwelt with an important subject. Again
the amount of time to be given in the
public schools to the study of physiology,
under the provisions of this bill, is said
to be greater than the time demanded in
any medical college in the state of New
York for the degree of doctor of medicine.
1t is idle to attempt to lay down a sclen-
tific system of education in our public
schools if the Legislature is arbitrarily
to demand a disproportionate amount OF
time for any subject whatever. L think
it hardly possible to oyerestimate the de-
moralization that may befall the whole
system of public instruction in the state
if this bill should become a law. From
the point of view of an educator, it seems
to me utterly vicious legislation. l sim
cerely trust that it will not become
law
The zeal of the temperance reformers ap-
knowledge. Rational and reasonable
measures to teach the nature of narcotics
are laudable enough, and there is not
likely to be any objection to them, but
there is no reason why such teaching
should be made the most prominent feat
ure of the curriculum to which all others
must give way. Furthermore it is I'M
doubtedly true that many of the so-called
facts taught in many of the text books
approved by the reformers are either not
facts at all, or facts very much exagger-
ated, and frequently in such direct con-
fict with the pupils daily experience and
observation that the effect of them is to
bring this kind of instruction into con-
tempt. The pupil is quick to apply the
maxim falsum in uno falsum in omni-
bus, and finding one statement which
his own observation teaches him is not
in accord with the fact he readily jumps
to the conclusion that all the others are
of much the same character. Nothing is
gained in the long run by exaggeration
even though the motive may be good.
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13
PORTLAND DAILY PRESS
MAINE STATE PRESS.
AND
snbscription Rates.

Subscription Rates.
DAILY (in adYance) Sc per year; So for six
months; $3.50 quarter; SO cents month.
The DAILY is delivered every morning by
carrier anywhere within the city limits and at
Woodfords without extra charge.
DAILY (Not in advance. invariably at the
rate of 81 year.
MAINE STATE PRESS, (Weekly) published
every Thursday 81 per year; 81 for six months
30 cents quarter; 25 cents for trial subscrip-
ton of six weeks.
Persons wishing to leave town for a long or
short periods may have the address of THEN
paper changed as often os desired.
Advertising Rates.
IN DAILY PRESS S1.5o per square. first
week, rs cents per week after. Three inser-
tions or less, Sl.Oo per square. Every other
day advertisements, one third less than these
rates.
Half square advertisements S1.0o per week
first week; half price each succeeding week.
"a Square" is a space of the width of a col
ualn and one inch long.
Special Notices, on first page, one-third ad-
dittonal
A,yusements and AUCTION Sales $500 per
square each week. Three insetions or less,
S1.50 per square.
Reading Notices in nonparlel type and
classed with other paid notices, 20 cents per
inc each insertion.
Pure Reading Notices in reading matter type,
% cents per line each insertion.
Wants, To Let, For Sale and similar adver-
tisements, 25 cents per week in advance. for
40 words or less. no display Displayed adver-
tisements under these headlines, and all adver-
tisements not paids lin advance. xviii be
charged at regular rates.
In MAINE STATE PREss-$1.oo per square
for first insertion, and fifty cents per square for
each subsequent insertion.
Address all communications relating to sub
scripuon and advertisements to PORTLAND
PUBLISHING Co., 81 EXCHANGE STREET,
PORTLAND, NE.
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13
SIGHT RESTORED TO A BLIND
PREACHER.
SIGHT
Thrilling Incident During Street Meet
ing in Illinois.

ing In Illinois.
(Metropolis I'll. } Telegram to The Chica-
go Inter Ocean
The members of the United Brethren
Church, of East Metropolis, firmly believe
that they have witnessed the direct mani
festation of divine power in the sudden
recovery of sight by their ''blind boy
preacher" Sunday night and they have
for the two days since devoted themselves
almost wholly to thanksgiving and sing
ing hallelujahs.
Joseph Benton was born in this county
twenty years ago. Nine days after birth
his eyes became inflamed, and when the
fever had left them, three months later,
the sight was entirely gone. His parents
were poor and, although local occulist
did what he could to restore the sight,
the case was pronounced incurable. No
treatment had been given for the last
twelve years.
The child loved to listen to the reading
of the Bible and history, and his won
derful memory enabled him to retain all
that was read to him. He joined the
Methodist Church South at the age of
eight, and began preaching at the age of
seventeen. Last 9oyember he attached
himself to the Uniyed Brethren denomina-
ton. He has preached throughout this
end of the State, Eastern Missouri, West
ern Tennessee, and Southwestern Ken
lucky with phenomenal success, having
had no less than 300 converts since last
August
Sunday night the blind preacher stood
upon the steps of a vacant storehouse, ad-
dressing a congregation in the street. His
face was turned toward heaven He told
his hearers that they could look up and
see the beautiful moon and twinkling
stars, while he was cropping in darkness,
but that he prayed always that sight be
given him.
As the preacher finished that sentence.
he stopped, passed his hands across his
forehead, and. pointing to the moon,
asked what that great something was. He
was told that it was the moon. Other
strange things fell upon his vision, and
with great shouts of hallelujahs he de-
clared that his prayers had been an
swered; that he could see.
The congregation took up the cry, and
such rejoicing was never known here be-
fore. The Rev. Mr.. Benton walked home
without assistance, and there was no
sleeping for him that night. His sight
| has steadily grown stronger and his Joy
has 10 bounds. He says that he will have
| to learn as a babe the names of all the
strange objects he sees. One of the great
| est sensations he experienced was the sight
of himself reflected from mirror Mr..
Benton is positive that the gift Of sight
is direct answer to his prayers Tuesday
he attended a quarterly meeting in an
adjoining county.
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13

Mr.. Gustav Schwab who is conducting
the sound money campaign of the New
York Chamber of Commerce, thinks the
free silver sentiment of the South is
abating. No doubt to considerable ex-
tent Mr.. Schwabs wish is the father OF
his thought in this case, though it does
seem to be fact that in Kentucky the
silver men have been making a much
poorer show than was expected. Per.
haps Carlisle's speeches are partly respon.
sible for this, for Carlisle is exceedingly
popular in Kentucky and undoubtedly
enjoys the confidence of the Democrats
of that state more fully than any other
man. There is plenty of silver sentiment
left, however, for the New York Cham
Der of Commerce to grapple with, and
Mr.. Sehwab and his assistants are sure to
have work enough for long time tc
come.
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13

The Woman's Rescue League of Boston
has delivered itself of an uncommon
amount of nonsense concerning bicycle
riding by women. They declare that it
leads to immortality. Many women, they
say, who ride bicycles are not good, and
they appeal to the clergy of the United
States to unite in crusade against BIZ
cycle riding by young girls. Walking
would seem to be open to the same OBJ
jections that they bring against bicycle
riding. Many women who walk are not
good. Riding in carriages must be still
more productive of immortality, and
the clergy ought certainly to be urged
to extend their crusade to that kind of
pleasure.
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13
STATE OF MAINE.
Cumberland. Sc.

Cumberland, ss
AT The Court of County Commissioners be-
The County of Cumberland ON the first
Tuesday of January, Ammo Oomini 1895, to
wit, at regular session thereof on the first
On the foregoing Petition it being salts
faclorily shown to the Court, that the
Petitioners are responsible. and that an in
6eIshy ORDERED, That the County Com
missioners will meet at their office in City
building, SO called, in the City. of Portland,
1895, at ten o'clock in the forenoon. and
that the Petitioners give notice TO all per-
sons interested, by causing altested copies
of the Town of South Portland, the City
Clerk of the City of Portland, and upon the
portiana anu cape aiiHaoetn li @ haliWay ;ad d com
isting under the. laws OF the State OF
Maine, and also by posting up. copies OF
the same in thre. public places in said town town
same once a week for three weeks success
sively in the Portland Daily PRESS and
Daily Eastern Argus, newspapers printed
in Portland in said county, the first Of said
publications, and each of the other notices
to be at least thirty days before the time of
said meeting: at which time. and place,
(after it has been satisfao tori1y shown that
the above notice has been duly given,) the
Commissioners will proceed to view the
route set forth in said Petition, and other
routes and roads connected Herewith, and
after such view, they will give hearing
to the parties and their witnesses at some
convenient place in The vicinity, when and
Where all persons and corporations in
terested, may appear and show cause, II
any they have, why the prayer of said
Petition t1saf should not be g1aptsdn Z asdnr c,a,,
Copy of the Petition and order of Court
Attest. B, G. STONE, Clerk.
my30 dlaw3wTh
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13
NOTICE.

iNHE wives, sisters and daughters of the Vet.
l. eran Firemen of Portland, Me-, will please
3. 80 o'clock, as matters OF interest will come
before the meeting iuI2d2t
The Portland daily press., 1895-06-13

Mr.. William G. Whitney is altogether
too keen and far sighted man to desire
the Democratic nom ination next year or
to permit it to be thrust upon him.
Doubtless the Democrats would like to
have him accept and no doubt he could
get the nomination without any effort,
but the acceptance of empty honors is
not one of Mr.. Whitney's weaknesses He
is not a rainbow chaser, but hard
headed politician who knows what he
doesn't want as well as what he does.
The Democratic party will have to ex-
perience good deal of revival before its
candidate will be William Collins Whit
neY.