The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1895-05-22

animals, we find that as this SURPLUS
increases, the surface OF the highest
centres increases in area"
DO these words concerning molecu-
lar action, and do all the experiments
OF physiological psychologists have a
materialistic stamp? BY no means.
Let US notice that the great students
(and until we can make our own In
vestigations and do our own reason
ing we must be content I'm all these
matters with secondhand informa-
tom, these great students, we re-
peat, lay emphasis on the correlation,
and correlation only, OF psychlcal
and physical phenomena. To quote
again from Fiske, in the Destiny OF
Manu-
"The only thing which cerebral
physiology tells US, when studied
with the aid OF molecular physics, Is
against the materialist, so far as it
goes. 1t tells us that, during the pres
ent life, although thought and feeling
are always manifested in connection
with peculiar form of matter, yet by
no possibility can thought and feeling
be in any sense the products OF mat
ter. Nothing could be more grossly
unscientific than the famous remark
of Cabanis, that the brain secretes
thought as the liver secretes bile. II
Is not even correct TO say that
thought goes on in the brain. What
goes on in the brain is an amazingly
complex series of molecular move
ments, with which thought and feel.
ing are in some unknown way CORE
lated, not as effects or causes, but as
concomitants."
What is the real relation between
soul activity and brain growth Is, like
the growth Of oats, peas, beans and
barley, of which we sung in our in
FAINT days, something which "You, nor
/, nor nobody knows.n Correlations
and analogies are, however, very in
teresting, and we may be profited by
turning our attention to some facts
which have been discovered, and TO
their suggestiveness.
There is a general notion which
must still prevail broadly that direct
ly connected with size OF brain must
be amount Of intelligence. This must
be taken broadly, however, as further
study will show. With Fiske again
for our authority we learn that cere-
brum and cerebellum are entirely
wanting in the amphiosus, which is
the lowest vertebrate animal. In
fishes they are smaller than the optic
lObes. sin such a highly organized
fish as the halibut, which weighs
man, the cerebrum is smaller than a
melon seed" These rudiments OF
cerebeal hemispheres found in fishes
are larger in amphibia, more devel-
oped still in birds, while in mammalia
they increase and grow back ward, un-
til In man the cerebellum is covered
by them. Conformably to this cere-
bral development is an increase OF In
telligence. Says DIR. Mandsley "Carp
,aNlI %, - T., Il - 4 a a
bell, thus giving evidence of the asso-
citation of two simple ideas, and q shark
suspicious OF mischief will avoid the
baited hook. In birds the
manifestations OF intelligence are
much greater, and the tricks which
some of them may be taught are truly
marvellous; nor are simple emotional
exhibitions wanting amongst them.
In mammalia gradual advance
in intelligence may be traced from
very lowly manifestations up TO these
highest forms of brute wisdom which
assuredly differ only in degree from
the lowest forms Of human intelli-
gence."
DIR. Mandsley speaks also OF the gen
eral rule of greater intelligence CO.
existent with greater brain among
men. But now we come to some re-
markable and startling facts. Huxley
writes:
"The difference in weight Of brain
between the highest and the lowest
man is far greater, both relatively and
absolutely, than that between the low
est man and the highest ape. The lat
ter is represented by say y on.
OF cerebral substance absolutely, or by
32:2 relatively, but as the largest re-
corded human brain weighed between
90 and SO oZ., the former difference is
by more than 80 on. alb
solutely, or by 65:32 relatively"
Again, from another source, we learn
that an average European child four
years of age has q brain twice as large
as that Of an adult gorilla.
The human brain is relatively heav-
ier than that of any animal larger than
a. cat, in which the brain is fssured.
The average weight of the adult
human brain according to Iuani is Al
OF. avoir for the female, and 40 for
the male, but exceptions occur. Some
female brains are larger than some
male brains. Absolute brain weight
should be taken rather than relative,
for we have not learned that thin
people are overwhelmingly brainy.
Tall people, moreover, have heavier
brains. Examples, however, bring us
to the conclusion that this is not an
Ab lhB Ill6uLdl JOWGTr
Louis Agassiz, Schiller, Cuvier and
had brains decidedly above
the average weight. Gambetta, Dante,
Liebig, and, moreover, some unintel-
lectual people, had high brain weight.
The average Of twenty.four Amer
lean brains was 50. .06 on.
The average of one hundred and
forty seven negro brains was 4G.9 on.
An idiots brain seldom weighs over
twenty-three ounces.
Daniel Webster's brain weighed
63i Oh. The size OF his Uranium, the
largest on record, was one hundred
and twenty two cubic inches. The
eranial capacity of the Teutonic fam
lily, including English, Germans and
is ninety-twO cubic inches.
That OF the Australian and Hotten-
tot is seventy-five cubic inches.
"The human brain reaches its max
Z s.zUu Z . L -