New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1895-07-21

a centreboard. which led TO the frequent mistake
OF designating them by shape OF hull Instead OF by
rig.
A soop yacht originally had her mast further
forward than a cutter and. while her mainsail was
practically tho same the chief difference was that
she carries only one heaisail In her lower canvas
while the cutter carried two. 1t was discovered
however that for the more easy reduction OF can
vas in heavy weather. for any alteration OF heau
canvas In racing the two front sails were preferabe
70 one Regarding the safety OF the vessel an I'M
portant difference is the position OF the forestay'
the wire rope which is the forward stay OF the mast
In the cutter-rig this stay leads down to the stem
or prov OF the yacht and secures the mast In
plunging sea when the bowsprt has been carried
away through stress OF weather or otherwise but
the forestry Of the soop leads down to the END OF
the bowsprit. and when this for any cause carries
away the mast Is left without any forward support
and there is nothing to prevent II from breaking IN
a sudden recoil while the boat is punsins In
heavy sea Moreover. the sailing power OF the sloop
is removed by this not infrequent accident unless
as is often the case the boat will sail fairly well
under a reefed mansail only.
OvERHANG FORE AND AFT.
The difference In appearance and In al-round
ability between the old and new types OF yachts Is
marked. The bows and storms are now traled out
lengthily so that craft may both enter and leave
the water with the greatest possible ease This
length OF overhang both ends is the result Of the
racing rules by which yachts time allowance IN
n race IL chiefly regulated BY her length the
water-ine. Builders at once sought TO construct
racers which would contain an untaxed power Ihcy
Immediately added length above the watciln'' am
when the modern boat careens under heavy "lnA
pressure these long ovcrhangs become partly sub
merged and In thus supporting the craft give her
an added power beyond that represented IN water
line length solely OF course. sail area - also meas
ured and Is represented to certain extent In the
calculations which settle the time allowance but "
is not so expensive TO the yacht That IL. II would
require large additional canvas area to represent
the time which additional foot OF waierne
benefit
In the outline here given OF the Defender. the
latest production Of American science. some OF
the exception Of some pleasure boats. and small
a sloop built for good many years ana IN tne
racing field the rig is practically extinct WIN
these exceptions. the sails now used are prc,ty
much the same before only larger and better
made and OF better material than IN earlier Gays.
The Defenders sails are: Mainsail fore-siaysail.
Weather racing. the small gaiftopsai shown in the
cut is replaced 10y much larger one having two
spars which extend the huge kite out beyond the
the topmas The lower OF these two spars IS
called a club and the upper one is called yard;
which gave rise 10 two dinerent names ,, i9r M
with the English II II termed backyard topsaiI
This arose from the fact that there were no clubs
on the original English jackyarders ana TINS use
mi extension did not appear In the racing on the
other side until after It's value was proved In Amer
lea.
THE BALLOON J1B.
In addition TO these sails. both the Defender and
yalkvrie III will have board different sizes OF
uh-,opsar including what is generally called
balloon tib This Is an enormous spread. covering
the whole front of the boat and reaching from the
ton NJ the topmas to the end of the bowsprit, while
the foot OF it, II stretched straight. would extend
he