davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-05-29
Vol. xxi, No. e Whole No. 066.
Jute Culture.

Jute Culture.
Especial Report of the u. s. Department of
Agricultural prepared by Prof. s. Waterhouse,
st. Louis. Mol
The recommendations of the Depart
ment of Agriculture drst attracted my
attention to this fiber, and the personal
observations of visit to India have
only confirmed my sense of it's national
Importance.
Jute has been cultivated in India for
hundreds of years, but it is only within
the last half century that it has entered
largely into the commerce and industries
of foreign nations. In the culture of
jute, a warm, humid climate is essential
to success; but the physical characteris-
tics OF the soils in which the plant
flourishes greatly vary. 1t thrives with
an almost equal luxurlance upon high
lands or alluvial bottoms. 1t will grow
upon comparatively dry euplands or in
flooded valleys. But it prefers high,
moist, sandy loam Alluvial mold in
which there is liberal admiXiure of
sand is favorable to it's growth, but a
very dry or very sandy soil is not
adapted to this tillage.
The land intended for this crop is usu-
ally broken up in the fall. With un-
wearied industry, the natives plOw the
land over and over again-in some in
stances as many as twenty times-until
the soil has been thoroughly pulverized,
deeply exposed to sun and air, and
richly manured. The seed is sown
broadcast, from 20 60 80 pounds to the
acre.
The time of sowing varies with the
conditions of soil and climate. In the
northeastern provinces of Bengal, where
nearly all of the jute of India is raised,
the seed is sown in February, March and
April. In the vicinity of Calcutta the
seed is often planted as late as July.
Sometimes two CROPS are raised in a
season, but this is too exhausting to the
soil. After the jute has come up, it is
carefully thinned and then left, without
much further tillage, to ripen. 1t ma
lures in twelve or fifteen weeks. The
plant sometimes grows to the height of
20 feet, bat it's average height Is 10 or IL
feet, and the diameter of the butts va
ries from half an inch to an inch and
half. One variety which is extensively
cultivated has a smooth, white bark AMI
wide-spreading branches. In the north
ern provinces of Bengal the average
yield is from 1000 to 5000 pounds an
acre; in the neighborhood of Calcutta it
is from 500 to 1000 pounds. In the north
of the Bengal Presidency the quantity
of seed raised per acre is 1000 or LOO
pounds; in the south it is ], 400 or l,5OO
pounds. The jute is cut while the plant
is in flower, because the fiber is then
more glossy and less woody. The seed
ripens one month after fiowerage, and
the fiber has then become so woody as
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-05-29
81 per Annunl, in advance

permits it to be combined with other
materials in cheap imitation of many
valuable fabrics.
Jute is mixed with cotton, linen, and
silk. 1t is a material part of twlllef
stair-carpeting and low priced broad
cloth. In combination with other tex
tiles, it initiates the gloss of Irish linen,
the luster of French silk, the beauty of
Turkish rugs, and the splendor of AK
minister, Kidderminster, Brussels, and
Venetian carpets. Single or mixed, it
enters into the manufacture of thou
there were in Dundee about one hundred
jute- mills, employing upward Of 10000
workmen, and manufacturing more
than l80,0OO,000 pounds of jute an
nually. In the same year nearly So
100000 gunny-b gs-most of which
were made In Dundee-were exported
from Great Britain. OF the 800, 900. 900
pounds of jute that were manufactured
in the United Kingdom in 1876, 200, 000,-
600 pounds were woven in the mills of
Dundee. The annual value of the flax,
hemp, and jute manufactured in Dun
dee is now SIS. 100000. The iute facto-
ries of Dundee have created a flourish
ing city, given employment to thousands
Of workmen, diffused prosperity
throughout large community, pro-
noted the commerce of Scotia md in the
importation of the raw material and
the expectation of the manufactured
product, and facilitated the movement
world.
What has been so successfully &C
com plished IN Dundee Can be done with
a still grander success in the United
States.
We not only can spin and weave the
fiber, but We can also raise it.
We not only can derive the profits of
making the fabrics, but we can also en-
rich ourselves by the two-foid economies
of the growth and manufacture of the
staple.
Under the auspices of the Depart
ment of Agriculture, experiments In
the culture of jute have been success
fully tried in South Carolina, Florida,
Georgia. Louisiana, and Texas. These
trials cOnclusively established the fact
that wherever in the southern states
there is a hot, damp climate, and
moist soil of sandy clay or alluvial mold,
jute can be proftably raised. 1t is
probable that much of the land now de-
voted to the growth of cotton, rice, and
sugar.cane would yield larger returns if
applied to the culture of jute The
plant natures In this country In about
the same time that it does in India. The
April paintings were cut in July, and
the June paintings were cut in Septem-
ber Some of the stalks reached the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-05-29

to lose much OF It's COmmerClal Value.
After cutting, the jute is usually kept
two or three days, till the leaves fall Off,
and then it is immersed in water. The
period of submersion varies, according
to the temperature and character of the
water, from three or four days to month.
The methods of sleeping practiced by
the natives are various. The fiber pre-
pared in clear running water is strong,
white, and glossy; the process, however,
lasts for several weeks. But when the
iute is soaked in stagnant water, al
though the disintegration is usually ef-
tected within ten days, yet the fiber is
apt to be weaker and more discOlOred.
But in either case the action OF the water
is to loosen the fibrous bark from the
woody stalk. The natives test the jute
from day to day, and when they find
that the bark is ready for removal, they
enter the water.an withdraw the stems
by a succession of Jerks. Their reason
| for etfecting this separation in the water
is that the soft and even pressure of the
| fluid prevents the rupture of the fibers.
After it's removal the inner bark is
stripped of it's rind, freed from all
woody adhesions, thoroughly washed,
and Immediately dried, 1t then readily
separates into minute fibers, and is
ready for the market or for domestic
spinning.
In the provinces where jute is raised
the distaff is in every hovel. The Mo-
ham medans, deferred by some religious
scruple, restrict themselves to the manu-
facture of cotton; but all Hindoos of the
industrial classes, robust men, in the in
tervals of other mployments; children,
too young for severer tasks; the aged,
too infirm for hard work; invalids. in
capable of active exertion; and even the
despised Hindoo widow, whose social
degradation and misery powerfully ap-
peal to the sympathies of Christendom
tor relief, engage in the spinning and
weaving of iute. The manufacture of
this staple, utilizing the leisure hours of
the strong and dexterous handicratt of
the weak, affords occupation to The myr-
lads; but wages are so extremely low
and the competition of industries so
limited, that ]ute-yarn and gunny-cloth
can be purchased almost as cheaply as
an equal weight of the crude material
No portion Of this substance is wasted.
The leaves and ashes are used for ma
nure, the stalks for baskets and fuel,
the seed for oil and oil.cake, the roots
for fuel and paper, and the silky floss
which escapes from the f1bers in the
process of manufacture is wrought into
hats.
Till recently the government of India
has never fostered the cultivation of
jute; but without it's patronage this in
dustry has, within the last half century,
risen to worldwide Importance. In
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1895-05-29
DeLand, Fla, Wednesday, May 20, 1895.

1928 the total foreign sale of jute was
less than 10000 pounds, worth $500.
Now, Calcutta, which is the great point
of distribution, exports immense guam
titles of this staple to Bombay, Madras,
Ceylon. Burmah. Singapore, Penang,
Java, Australia, Brazil, the west coast
of South America, France, Great Britain.
and the United States. Only about one
fourth of the crop is reserved for do
mestic consumption. According to the
coffee, sugar, rice, cotton, soda, lime,
the matte and regulus of the precious
metals, and many other articles of COM
merce, 60 to market in a dress made of
gunny- y-clOth.
The statistics of the development of
the jute- culture in India are impressive
and suggestive. In 1862, India exported
10000, 900 pounds of fiber and rope and
800. 100000 yards Of gunny cloth. In
1868, Great Britain employed more than
$4,000 spindles in spinning $4,000, 900
pounds of Indian jute. Recently this
staple has arisen to the dignity of the
fourth place in the exports of India; only
cotton, opium, and rice exceed it in
commercial Importance. Some of the
Indian factories are immense. There
is an establishment at BarnagpOor, near
Calcutta, which employs more than A.
500 workmen, and annually manufact-
ures more than 80, ,OO0,O pounds Of jute
In 1872, the total expectation of Indian
iute was 7O000O,00O pounds, of which
Great Brit tin received upward OF $685.
900, 900 pounds. In the same year more
than 100000 acres were devoted to the
cultivation of jute in India; and in the
thirteen provinces IN which jute is prin-
cipally raised, out Of a popu alton of
Is, 725, 900, more than 1,35O,OOO were
wholly or partially engaged in this oc-
cupation. These figures conclusively
show the vast magnitude and Importance
of this industry to India Other statis-
tics will illustrate the value of this
staple to an exclusively manufacturing
community.
Nearly half century ago some sa-
gacious Scotchmen engaged in the man
ufacture of jute. Their humble exper-
iment has developed into Il success that
has enriched Scotland and promoted
the commerce of the world.
At first many difficulties arrested
their progress. Much of the fiber was
discolored by the tannic acid of the
bark, through improper methods of
preparation; and it was only after years
of persistent effort that successful
process of bleaching was discovered.
Again, the fiber stubbornly resisted
the action of dye.stutfs, and over this
difficulty chemical science has yet only
partially triumphed Jute can be dyed,
but the colors are not fast. Still the
variety of tints now impaired to iute
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
LOST HIMSELF FOR TWO WEEKS.
Recovered CONSCIOUSNESS 900 Miles
Away From Home.


CHICAGO, Feb. 2S.-Captain Ed
ward II. Spinney, who disappeared
from Boston nearly two weeks ago,
recovered his reason in Chicago
and has started for home. Captain
Spinney remembers little Of his
experience since he started from
Maiden, Mass, for Boston the
night OF February II. He remem-
beers waiting for an electric car in
Maiden. His next recollection is
being in New York. After that he
found himself on a railroad train
with a conductor asking him for
his ticket. He felt in his pocket
and found a ticket.
GLOW far will it take me-" he
asked the conductor.
"To Portland, Oregon !" he was
told.
"Where are we now"
"Near Chicagow the conductor
said. Then man in a big white
hat told Spinney he should go to
Los Angeles, Cal, s. the first thing
he did after reaching Chicago was
to trade his Portland ticket for a
Los Angeles ticket.
Mr.. Spinney did not become full
ly conscious OF his whereabouts
until he conversed about the above
incidents in his own room. Then
his memory came back again and
he was anxious to get back to BOs-
ton.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
CAUGHT THE GANG.
Arrest of a Gang of Freight Car
Looters, Who Have Stolen
Thousands

CHICAGO, Feb. 2S.-Edward {.
HenrOth, a retired meat dealer in
this city, was arrested last night
and taken to Jacksonville, Wis,
where he is wanted in connection
with gang charged with having
Systematically robbed freight cars
of thousands OF dollars worth of
merchandise during the last few
months. The immcdiat" cause of
arrest was the looting Of freight
car on the Northwestern road, Feb
ruary ), Of merchandise, valued at
$500.
Shortly after the robbery the
chief of police at Joliet reported
that five young men had passed
through that town peddling mer-
chandlsc. Sacks of the cOstliest
patterns were offered at low prices.
The chief ordered their arrest.
James Franklin, Robert Crowley
Frank Flynn were locked up. Hen
roth was said to have been con-
nected with the gang.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28

who defeated Jerry Simpson for
Congress, is spending his honey
moon in Washington and is reg
ular in his attendance upon the
sittings Of the House. He says he
wishes to familiarize himself with
the routine of his future duties.
When Mr.. Cleveland nominated
Senator Ransom to be minister to
Mexico he disappointed many
members Of the soon to DO sex"
family. AS usual when Senators
are nominated for other offices Mr..
Ransom's nomination was con-
tirmed without the formality of a
committee reference. Rep.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Eugene Debs to Speak.

CHICAGO, Feb. 2S.-A mass meet
ing Of labor organizations sched-
uled to be held tonight at the Au-
ditorium, at which Eugene Debs
will make an address on "WhO
Are the ConspiratOrs" A series
of sensations will be sprung regard
ing the General Managers assOcia-
ton, which would come out in the
trial if it had been continued. AT
ter the Chicago meeting Mr.. Debs
will go to California to organize
local unions Of the a. r. L. and to
take in the public agitation against
the Southern Pacific company.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
A Good Appointment.

Deputy Sheriff Anton Schu-
macher was yesterday appointed
by Sheriff Campbell to the position
of head iailer of BeXar county Jail,
to fill the vacancy caused by the
recent death of Mr.. Rafael Mar
tinez. Mr.. Schumacher is emf
nently fitted for the position, hav-
ing had nine years of experience in
the office under eX-Sheritf Mccall.
He is uniformly careful of the safe
ty of his prisoners, is kind to them
and just in his discipline, and is
always courteous to visitors and
the public in general, and is also a
great favorite with all the out cOun-
ty officers, who have prisoners
temporarily in the BeXar county
jail. He is also a great favorite
with the newspaper reporters, and
to them especially, his appoint
ment gives satisfaction.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
NEGROES XII a Miner.

CINCINNATI, o., Feb. 2S.-W. Il
Allen a coal miner from Jones p. O.
Mcdowell county, w. Virginia, was
murdered here by three negroes.
At 3 o'clock yesterday morning,
Allen was taken to the hospital
with his skull fractured in three
places and his face mashed beyond
recognition. He met the three me-
groes in a saloon. They enticed him
into room to play cards and rob-
bed him. The man was assaulted
with a scantling, razors and other
weapons and dragged into the al
ley. Harry Howard, one of the
assallants, got into a cab and took
the victim to the hospital, where
Allen died. Howard expected to
get away from the hospital without
suspicion, but was arrested there.
Harry Curtis was afterwards arrest
ed at his lodgings but the negroes
are still at large.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
TROUBLE AT BLUEFIELD.
An American Schooner Unloading
Arms Fired Upon by a British
Vessel.

NEW LORK, Feb. 2S.-The World
this morning published the fol-
lowing despatch from Colon, Col
ombia:
"The Faith, a coasting sloop
which arrived here yesterday from
Bocas Del Toro, brought the news
of fresh outbreak at Bluefields.
The Faith met two British schoon-
ers, the Dauntless and the Broth
ers, at Bocas Del Toro. The mast
ers OF the schooners reported that
while they were at Bluettelds,
about two weeks before, an Ameri-
can, whose name they did not
know, arrived there. The British
consul at Bluefields was informed
that she had on board arms i'm
ported by Samuel Wells. The
American ship left Bluefields for
Cape Gracias, north Of Bluefields.
The British man-of-war followed
her and found her landing two
boat loads Of arms. The Britisher
fired on her, carrying away her
mast.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
PIG AND OTHER IRON.
SOME BIG DEALS REPORTED AND
THE TRADE LOOKING UP.
Copper, Lead and Tin do Not Share
IN the Upward Tendency of
the Pig Iron Market.

NEW YORK, Feb. 2S.-The Iron
Age today will say: During the
closing days Of last week the largest
steel company in Pittsburg pur-
chased heavy quantities Of Besse-
mer pig, the aggregate being con-
sIderably above 10000 tons. The
bulk OF it was purchased in the
valleys at $3.50 and 1910, equiva-
lent to $3.50 and $l0.05 Pittsburg,
but some OF it was also taken from
local furnaces. The deliveries ex-
tend over April, May and June.
Our Philadelphia correspondent
notes that in that territory west
ern Bessemer Pig has been offered
at prices which do not reflect the
advance claimed in Pittsburg.
Many in the trade regard this
movement in the western BESSIE
mer pig iron market as proof that
the lowest point has been passed.
Probably the most important fact,
iustifying such a view, is that the
tonnage of business done is slowly
but steadily expanding. As soon
as that comes home to the most
aggressive sellers, very material
modification in their policy in
marketing product is bound to fol-
low.
There has been no movement Of
consequence in steel billets, wire
nails or steel rails. In structural
iron and steel few contracts of
moderate size have been taken in
Philadelphia and in Boston, in
Guiding hotel in each city. Gin
cinnati reports some fair sales OF
foundry and forge iron, the princi-
pal purchases being by car shops.
In the east the demand comes from
cast iron pipe foundries, which
have taken a great deal OF work
and have more in sight.
Under the bitter attacks, encour-
aged by large supplies, tin has
turned downward. There are spec
ulative offerings of lake copper for
summer delivery at 9:3O, without
arousing much interest among
the buyers. Spot copper is weaker
at 9.65 and $40. Forced sales OF
parcels of lead have dropped the
price to 3.07J.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Lumber Dealers Agree.

CHICAGO, Feb. Is. The war bet
ween the retail and wholesale lum-
Der dealers of Illinois has been set
tied by the retail changing the
name Of their organization to the
Illinois Lumber Dealers associ-
ton. They decided to admit the
wholesalers to membership. After
the election OF officers last night,
two hundred of the memb ers start
ed on a two weeks trip through the
South.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
GEORGIA CATHOLIC RIOT.
FOUR BUILDINGS DYNAMITED BY
THE MOB.
The Ex-Priest Slattery Is Protected,
Best Catholics Condemn the
Disgraceful Affair.

SAVANNAH, Feb. 2S.-The board
OF managers Of the Young Mems
Hebrew association has adopted
resolutions cancelling the contract
for their hall with Slattery, the eX-
priest, on the ground that Slattery's
language is calculated to incite a
riot.
About l o'clock yesterday morn
ing four three-story buildings, cor
ner Of Farm and Margaret streets,
were blown up. Efforts are max
ing to place the outrage in connec-
ton with the riot Of Wednes-
day night, but there is no
evidence to sustain the charge.
Feeling is high and Slattery has
received assurances from many
sources that he will be protected at
his lecture by the citizens, regard
less Of the police determination to
stop it. 1t shall not be said that
freedom Of speech was suppressed
here. Slattery has made formal
application for permits for his wife
to lecture in the afternoon and
himself at night. The mayor will
grant them. He has been urged.
instead Of using the Military, to
call out the fire department and
pour streams of water on the riot
ers. This will probably be adopted.
The large element Of lower class
Catholics threaten to mob him.
Others of the faith condemn
Wednesday nights proceeding and
the priests denounce the rioters as
having brought disgrace on the
church. Guards are kept at the
armories all night. Unsuccessful
efforts We're made yesterday to
burn the Masonic Temple. The
police have a long list of names of
the rioters and they will be ar
rested. One Z in the police court
yesterday detied the recorder and
was sent to Jail thirty days for
contempt.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Yellow Pine Lumber Combine

ST. LOUIS, Feb. 2S.-At the meet
ing here of the yellow pine lum-
Der men of Arkansas and Missouri
a company was formed to control
the output Of all the yellow pine
mills of those states. An agent,
with headquarters here, will APP
portion the orders for lumber
among the mills composed in the
combine. The president is A. j.
Neimeyer.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Mail Rider Murdered.

JACKSON, Miss. Feb. 2S.-The
mail rider on the route between
Forest and Raleigh was murdered
in the interior OF Smith county
Tuesday afternoon. As the mail
bags were ripped open and ritled of
their contents, it is supposed rob-
berry was the object. Searches are
being made for the murderer.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Swedish Expedition North.

NEW YORK, Feb. 2S.-The Daily
News OF Stockholm announces that
a Swedish Arctic expedition is
being organized in that city. DIR.
otto Nord Nskol, a son Of Baron
NOrdenskoI will be the leader of
the party, which will include also
DR.. Axel Ohlin, of the [ University Of
Iund.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
To Examine Military Apprentices

To Examine Military Apprentices.
SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 2S-By
direction of the Secretary Of War, a
board OF officers, to consists of
Major Joseph B. Girard, Surgeon
Major Tully McCrea, Of the Fifth
artillery, Captain John McLelland,
of the Fifth artillery, Captain
Charles Wilcox, assistant surgeon,
and First Lieutenant John NJ.
Neall, of Fourth cavalry, are ap-
pointed to meet at the Presidio
here today for the mental and
physical examination Of appointees
to the military academy.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Great Brood Mare Sold.

LEXINGTON, Ky, Feb. 2S.-P. n
Parrish, Of Midway, X, has sold to
Edward Decerna, of New York, the
great race mare, Helen Reyburn,
2:14, by Onward, dam, the great
brood mare, Mamie, for So, 800.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Child Burned.

CAMDEN, N. J. Feb. 2S.-In the
Pittman Grove fire yesterday a
child of John Kerschner was fatal
" burned.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Cherokee Bill Convicted.

FORT SMITH, Ark, Feb. 2S.-
Cherokee Bill was found guilty Of
murder in the Uni ted States court
here,
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
The National Academy of Design.

NEW YORK, Feb. 2S.-The lists OF
works for the SEVENTEEN annual eX-
hibitiOn Of the National Academy
OF Design close today. The exhibit
tion will be open from April l to
Nav IL.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Not 90 Much,

CHICAGO, Feb. 2S.-The fire losses
yesterday are estimated at $6OO,OOO
instead Of $6,0O0,0OO.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28
Heavy Fire Loss.

HALIFAX, N. S., Feb. 2S.-In the
fire OF yesterd ay the Dominion
government losses were 100000,
uninsured. The loss on goods
stored is about 100000. OF this
our city merchants lose 100000.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1895-02-28

VI. Miles Nerve Plasters sc AZ all drugglslA