The diamond drill. (Crystal Falls, Iron County, Mich.) 1887-1996, 1895-01-19


IA Trade Wlna Cnrrent.
That greatest and most wonderful ~
al the great bodies Of water on tho
earth the gulf stream-has been the
eubicct q more extensive aud exbaus.
tive study and research by our Govern
mont than that OF any other cosntrv.
Fer years the coast survey steas,cr
= Dla'ic has from time TO time anchored
n the various portions OF the culf
stream and the results OF hor re-
searches cannot help being of grcot In
teresi 90 the vast majority of thinking
peopc, and of incstimablc benefit ~
al persons interested IN navigation.
wheihcrin the Transatlantic trade or the
eoastwisc trade
The great river of the Atlantic
known rs the gulf stream. from Tho
rrn Of Mexico TO the Azores ~ tbroo
thousand miles in length and its greof-
est breadth is one hundred and twenty
AZ first, says the Providence .Journal
lkspccd Is four miles an hour. but this
radually declines us IL becomoe moro
dfuse In the straits Of Florida its
knpernturc is eighty-three degrees. or
pinc degrees above the surrounding
water, and OF Newfoundland. in win
Ger, II IS twenty-five or thirty dcprees
warmer than the surrounding seas
bus causing the dense for OF those re-
gnas. 1t is great dispenser OF heat
fsn mcisture in its course. To its In
FL iunce arc owing the verdurc OF the
j pvAch Tclap6a o,,I a., 81 -
tinatc OF western Europe, compared
wfh countries elsewhere OF CORE
F1ding latitude. IL IS Of deep in
dir blue so long as its current Il deem
ini narrow, said TO be caused by It's
hiding in suspension tho finest parti-
cnof the riyer-silt brought down by
nemississippi. Tho line OF dcfaarca
tn between tho gulf stream and tho
atccnt waters is SO marked that
arsscl may be seen noatinr one
bay In the gulf stream and tho
chr half in the common waters of the
0 and two buckets let down. ono at
q bow ami the other 40 the stern
" draw mp water different in temper
nc by no less than thirty degrees.
ID late Lieut.. c. NJ. Bache discovered
sAnd OF water so much colder than
" rest that he called IL the "cold
Ell,' the cold watcrappcaring TO con
ine the hot water as IL by wall on
he inshore side. It's distance from
INDY Hook Is from two hundred and
hirty TO two hundred and eighty miles;
Is distance from Cape May Is betwcon
ohc hundred and thirty-two and one
Kindred and sevcnty-eight miles.
Inside OF the cold walln there rs n
mrn band, and then the cold water Of
the shore The axis Of the stream
ialScs In general the curpo Of tho coast
below rather than above the water, be-
ING turned TO the eastward by the
ms off the southern coast of New
And The warm watcr Of the ruff
pm rests on q cold current flowing
III Td Cape Florida. the coolest water
20 z near the Atlantic coast. below
MI fncc IL not at IL. BY ob3crva-
ksfit several points along the coast
In four hundred fathoms between
Sandy Hook and Cape Florida, the
surface temperature exceeding 40 de-
grecs the THERMOMETER Indicated 49,
10 55 degrees; off IIattcras, IN 1000
fathoms, 40 degrees Tho warm water
pf the gulf stream Is OF very different
lcpths at different points Of It's course,
nd in different parts OF any one OF the
ections across IL.
The cause Of the gulf stream and OF
most ocean currents H. directly or indi.
bectly due 10 the wind. Every wind
Produces a slight movement OF the
water over which II blows by It's fric
ton on the PARTICLES OF the surface
water. As the upper particles acquire
amovcment the same motion IS trans
mittcd to the lower PARTICLES, thu.
forming q current With the trade.
predorinating as they 90 from On,
eastward. and persistently blowing
over the same area, the current set NJ
extends % seventy or eighty fathomi
deep, which maintains It's average We
locity n spite Of the daily variations il
It's producing cause. Any current
upon meeting an obstruction. must g.
cape in sosaa direction. The current
from the southeast trades reaches th,
South American coast in The vicinity o
: Cape 81. Rcgcn, and Y thcrcupon di
\ vhes into branches. one flowing 70 the
souti. ward. along the coast OF Brazil
and the other toward the West Indies
The current from the northeast trades
flowing in The general direction OF th'
wind. meets the obstruction Of tn
coast OF south America and OF The
Windward islands, while the remain
der passes along the western side Of TIN
West Indian islands toward the coast @
the United states. The current enter
ing the Caribbean sea - driven 70 The
westward until ii meets the obstruc
fion OF the coast of Honduras.
rA.m...il Aun1