The daily morning journal and courier., 1895-03-14
LECTURE BY PROF. WHEELER.
Life of Napoleon to the Middle of the
 Italian Campaign.

Italian Campaign.
 Professor Arthur M Wheeler deliver
 ed the first lecture in his course on the
 "Napoleonic Period from 1795 to 1915" in
 Colonial hall, in the Historical society
 building, at 4 o'clock yesterday after
 noon before a large audience.
 After brief sketch of Napoleon's
 early life and education amid the tuF-
 bulent scenes of his native island of
 Corsica, he told of the punishment of
 the Bonaparte family from Corsica.
 Napoleon landed in TouIon in the mid
 summer of 1793. Here there was an
 English garrison of 1S,0O0 men and an
 English fleet in the harbor. Napoleon
 was just in time. There was no dearth
 of young officers and he immediately attached himself to the French inter-
 est. He formulated a plan by which
 the English garrison and fleet could be
 removed without hardly a shot being fired. It was to take possession of a point of vantage in the harbor which his eagle eye had detected when he was coming into the harbor. He had that power of impressing on men the idea that what he said was so that failure
 was impossible The plan was tried and was successful. Only few shots were fired, and the English were driven out. Just what he had predicted hap pened. That was the first step of his career. It marked him out as a man of original genius. After this lAe aff1i- lated with the republicans, as he had nothing to hope for from the old reg ime. That was dead.
 He was rewarded for his service at Toulon by being advanced to the rank of general of a division. He was as- signed to the Army of the West, where there was a revolution. This did not meet with his approval, and he man aged not to go. Later he had proposi- tion to go to Constantinople and reor- ganize the army of the sultan after the models of western Europe. But he was 10th to leave France. He was finally transferred to the Army of the South, and during his sojourn with this army he went over the very ground that he later went over in the campaign of 1797. He thus gained knowledge that was most valuable to him. He return ed to Paris in 1795 and went to work in a typographical bureau where he had been employed before. The overthrow of Robespierre gave opportunity for some permanent form of government, and the only form of government which was possible for France at that time was republican form. The next time hot "a brought him prominently before the public was his defense of the govern ment building during meeting which 1t was expected would be attacked. He looked around to see if he could find some cannon, and found that there were forty cannon at a place just outside of Paris. He sent Murat (who was after wards so famous) out to get them. When Murat arrived there he found number of the opposite party after the cannon. But Murat obtained them and brought them into the city. Napoleon placed them in such position that he swept the street with grape shot when the attack was made He was only lominally French citizen. He was not an Italian. He was man of no z 'n- try, but citizen of the world. So he had no compunction about moving down the opponents to the government in the streets of Paris.
 Prof. Wheeler than gave an account of his marriage to Madame Josephine a young widow, whose husband, General Beauharnais, was among the last to be guillotined.
 He was very soon after this appointed general of the army in Italy. This was -he beginning of his worldwide renown. | In the revolution he had really entered 1nly into it's military side. In it's polit- | cal side he had merely dabbled The sentiments of liberty, fraternity and equality were not skin deep with him. | But he had gained the recklessness and 1 he audacious way of the revolution. | He possessed something far beyond | eenius I call it the compelling pow ,r'-the power of forcing men to do his | will. All who knew him testify to his | tlmost demoniacal power of compelling | nen to do his bidding. His intellect | vas of the regal kind. He was, how yer, at this time a very different man | rom that which he afterwards became. | lis egotism had not yet overshadowed | lis whole character. He was too an ient for the modern world True he | lid not understand the Greeks with | heir fussy little free governments, but | Rome with it's great world empire and | ,ast administrative system was his dea He was in spirit Caesar
 The lecturer then gave most inter- sting account of the famous cam ,aign in northern Italy, in which Napo- con had far superior numbers fthe Austrians and Piedmontese for his op- By his skillful maneuvering e made the enemy think that he out numbered them. His aim seemed to be 0 compel the enemy to watch his move 1ents instead of his watching their movements. His whole army number d 38 900 men. It was a self-supporting rmy, as it was cut off from all sup lies from Paris. The one motto of Napoleon seemed to be "plunder"
 The lecturer told of the capture of Iilan and then of the approach of Ma oleon to the fortress of Mantua. He lso spoke of Napoleon's plans for the of Italy He thought it Tas naturally all one country, the only being the Appenines di- iding it in the middle. He said that .ome would be the capital, which was a rophetic utterance. The amount of