The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1895-10-23
Quotes Precedent for His Annex
alton Scheme.
BASIS OF MONROE DOCTRINE.
What Central American Republics Did
i'm IS22--San salvador Passed sol
emn Act of Annexation - Waited
for American Congress to Act.

Captain Judson y. Cross. who
wrote to President Dole on the self
annexation Of the Hawaiian Isl
ands to the United States, evident
| ly believes he has hit upon a good
thing, and is pressing his argu
ments in the press OF Minneapolis.
The following article has been pub
lished by the Minneapolis Journal
and the Penny Press:
As you published and editorially
commented on a letter of mine 10
President Dole, suggesting self annex
alton 10y Hawaii to the United States,
as United States territory, and the
sending of a delegate to Congress TO
ask admission at the coming session,
| desire to call attention To a prece
dent of which | was unaware when l
wrote the letter.
When, in 1922, Iturbide was made
emperor of Mexico, the provinces of
Guatan ala, Costa Rico aud Nicaragua
(ou a general initiative vote III its
favor 10y the pueblOs in those prov
inces, which had wrested independ-
ence from SPAIN, pr claimed their
self annexation to and incorporation
with the Mexican empire. One con-
veutlOn of Costa Rlca first annexed
Costa Rica to the Columbian republic.
Iturbide undertook to force San Sal
vador, the then richest and most pop
ulOus, according to its size, of any OF
the Central American provinces, to
also incorporate with Mexico. 1tuT-
bide's army bese ged and took the city
of san Salvador, the capital of San
Salvador, and history records that
ats provincial congress, nOtWlth-
standing that it wa driven from place
To place, remained intact, and detied
the invaders of the province. 1t was
under these circumstances, and as a
means of retaining its freedom, that
this congress resolved upon step eX
preSSive of its SympathleS and sentl-
ments, which still exist, vigorous and
unchanged. 1t resolved upon annexa-
tiOn To tie United States; and by a
solemn and formal act on December 2,
1922, decreed its iucOr p ration with
that republic, whose example sus-
taiued il IN its adversely, and u which
il naturally looked as the head of the
great republican family
Before the United States govern
ment could act, Iturbide was depOsed,
Santa Aua had prOclaimed the Repub-
lie of Mexico, and acknowledged the
independence of the Central Amert-
can States, whereupOn the Republic
of Central America was formed.
While the United States govern
ment had not time to take action on
the self annexation of Sau Salvador,
there are plenty of historical proofs
that this sself-auneXatiOn OF San Sal
vadOr, in its distress 10y imperial
| Mexican invasion, shaped the i'm NOR
| tai message of President Monroe TO the
American Congress in the following
December. Epglaud's Foreign Minis
ter, Mr.. Canning, proposed TO and
urged Mr.. Rush, our Minister to Eng
land, To unite with England IN a
declaration to Europe that neither the
| United States or Great Britain would
appropriate a Spanish-American
province, and would not tolerate inter
ference by any European power.
jefferson aud Madison, TO whom
Monroe submitted the question for
their advice, saw the far reaching I'M
pOrtance OF leaving the Spanish Am
erican provinces free to do as Sau
Salvador had just done, anneXiug
themselves ana leaving the United
States free TO receive them. Mr. Rush
had offered to unite in the declaration
if England wOuld acknowledge the
Independence of the Spanish Amerl-
can provinces. Canning refused JET
fersOn, through Monroe, as special en-
voy TO France, mad purchased
Louisiana. and supposed its western
limit was the Rio Grande. Subsequent
tr-aty with Spain in order to get
Florida, fixed it at the Sabine, An
American colony already in Texas
might revolt, az it did few years
later, and bring about annexation by
self action, as San Salvador bad done
by self-decree. Monroe ignored joint
action with England, left his country
free TO accept any province which
freely came, bu warned all EuroRean
nations to keep hands off. What
Monroe left out, in his famous message
TO Congress, OF Cauning's proposition,
was the cO-reIatIve but un~poken
right of every independent American
province or state to seek annexation
by self-initiative action, without com
puIsion from us but subject to our ap-
provaI, which provisO my critics have
strangely overlooked.
JUDsON y. Cross.