davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
NIeaIy Bug Exterminator.

SAN Francisco, Feb. 20.-A new
species of the Australian ladybug has
been imported from Honolulu to exter-
inmate the mealy bug. Since the intro
duction of the lady bug in Hawaii the
mealy bug is practically unknown. Sew
eral colonies OF the destroyer have been
sent to the experimental stations in Cali
fornia, with astonishing results. The
ladybug actually eats the pest both in its
larvae and grown state. The mealy bug
has done great damage, attacking all
kinds of plants and orchard trees This
remedy will be colonized aud distributed
throughout the State.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
wILLNorBEKE KEPT IN QUARANTINE
Editor Brad dbury and His Wife WIN be
Allowed 20 i.and.

SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 2O.-The Board of
Health greatly disappointed DR.. Lawlor.
Quarantine Officer, to-day, by deciding
that Mr.. and Mrs. j ohm Bradbury of Los
Angeles could come ashore with the
passengers of the steamer City of Sydney
Friday morning. DR.. Lawlor was greatly
incensed when Mrs. Bradbury boarded
the steamer in order to join her husband
and threatened to keep them in quarau.
tine two weeks after the passengers had
been allowed to land. To-day Lawlor
argued that as the Bradburys had been
more recently exposed to smallpox than
the steamers passengers. there was great
danger OF their spreading the disease
The Board OF Health thought otherwise.
and the proprietor Of the Hero{d and his
devoted wife will come ashore Friday,
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Petition in Insolvency.

SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 20.-William Ha-
ker and William Hinz, milliners, flied
an insolvency petition to-day. Their liza
bilities are stated to be $3G, 900, divided
almost equally between San Francisco
banks and New York wholesalers, and
their assets So, 600 worth OF stock. Will
lam Haker acknowledges additional liza
hIlities Of $4,000.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Oranges RIpenipg Rapidly.

Los ANGELES, Feb. 20.-The weather
crop bulletin for Southern California.
furnished by Observer Franklin, for the
week ending February 18th, says: Farm
work was somewhat interlered with by
the rains, otherwise growing vegetation
OF every description advanced rapidly.
Oranges ripened fast, and the gathering
and shipping OF the crop is progressing
as fast as the demand is called for.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Mistaken For n Deer.

SANTA CRUZ, Feb. 20.-Charles Coombs
Killed Frank Carroll at Iona Prieta this
afternoon. The men were hunting deer,
when Coombs, seeing the brush move,
thought it was deer and fired. The bull
let entered CarrolFs heart.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
The Azusa Bank Robber.

Los ANGELES, Feb. 20.-Myers, the
Azusa bank robber. was taken there
this afternoon for preliminary ex-
animation. lie will plead guilty and
make no fight.
Cashier Daniels did not rest well last
night. lie had high fever. 1t is thought
he viii pull through all right.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
liied dmont Sable Road.

OAKLAND, Feb. 20.-Au order of court
was issued to-day directing the sale of
the Piedmont Cable Railroad in this city.
under Tho foreclosure OF mortgage in
favor OF the san Francisco Tool Company
for over 81, 100000.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Ii HUNG CHANG.
Chiua's DiplOmatAforded Chance
to Accomplish His Object.
THE OVERTHROW OF TIE PRESENT
MANCHU DYNASTY.

Che Ex-TaotI of Port Arthur Makes
a Confession Stating That Chang
Has Been I.eagued With Pekin
Officials for the Overthrow of the
Dynasty Ever Since He Was De-
prtved of His Yellow Jacket and
Peacock Feathers.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
srrIlle of COTTON Men

GALVESTON, Feb. 20.-The Galveston
cotton mill operatives, nearly 800 strong,
have gone out on strike on account of n
request from the management OF the
mills to work an extra hour each day.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21

fered for the necessaries of life, and the
majority have had to go hungry tor sew
eral days in the week.
The Legislature of Arizona has sent
huge petition to Congress, asking that
body to use it's influence to have the War
Department rescind the order of removal.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Suit for Railway Stock.

SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 20.-The execu-
tors of the estate of the late Mervyn Dom
ahue, who was a prominent San Fran
cisco capitalist, have brought suit against
J. and W. Seligman and Ladenburg lg
Co.. New York bankers, and p. n, Lii
lienthal, their local ageut, to recover 200
shares Of the capital stock Of the San
Francisco and North Pacific Railroad
Company. The shares, which are valued
at SlOl, 900, were deposited with the New
ork bankers by Donahue 10 secure cer-
tain claims against him. 1t is alleged
that the obligations for which the shares
were pledged as security have been dis
charged, but that the New \ ork bankers
refuse to surrender the collateral.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Thirty Places of Business RI,

SYRACUSE N. W, Feb. 20.--Thirty
places OF business in the village of Ham
liton were burned by a lire which started
ut . O'Clock last night in the Woodruff
block. 1t is thought the loss will reach
500, 900.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21

HEART FAILURE THE IMMEDIATE
CAUSE OF DEATH

Rose From a Slave to be the Leader
of the Colored Race Served the
Government in Many Responsible
Positions, the Last Being Diplo-
matte Representative to the Hay
tian Republic Under the Admins
tration of President Harrison.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
THE MOTHER GETS THE CHILD.
Sensational Double Abduction
Case at San Francisco.
MASKED MEN COMMIT A BOLD ROB-
Berry AT TUCSON.

A Hunter in Santa Cruz County Mis-
taken for Deer and Shot Dead by
Companion-W Water Rate War at
Santa Rosa, Which Is Likely to In
augurate a Lively Litigation Before
the Matter Is Settled.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
The Diamond Thief Still at Large

SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 20.-The success
full diamond thief who robbed Franz K linz 3
pawnshop of tray of jewels, escaping
on horseback with his booty along a
crowded thorOughfare last night, has not
been found by the police. The horse was
found tied to post on a residence street.
The tray, with one diamond in il was
picked up by policeman, and this after
noon gentleman returned TO the pawn
shop a diamond which he found on the
street. A boy of questionable association
who displayed several gems to-day was
arrested on suspicion OF being the youth
who locked the clerks in the shop before
the robber stole the gems, but the clerks
could not identity him.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Massacred the Inhabitants.

New YORK, Feb. 2O.-A special to the
Wortd from Rio Grande do Sui, Brazil.
says: 1t is reported from Montevideo, on
the authority OF the rebel Admiral Da
CANA, that the Government forces on cap
turing the town Of San Gabriel massacred
the inhabitants. Da CANA has been per-
sonaIly in command of the rebel forces
for the past few weeks. y number of
soldiers have been arrested for insub-
ordination, aud sixteen of thom, by order
Of the Government, have been shot.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
AFFAIRS OF THE NATION.
Chandler Creates Something of a
Sensation in the Senate.
OUTLINES SOME STEPS TO BE TAKEN
BY THE NEXT CONGRESS.

Says an Investigation VIII be Had of
President OF the United States at q
the People - Proceedings in the
House.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
HAWAIIAN CABLE.
stones Bill to incorporate the Inter-
national (OmnanY.

stones Bill to incorporate the Inter-
national Company.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 2O.-In speaking of
his bill, introduced in the House to in
corporate the International Cable Com
pany to lay a cable to Hawaii, Mr.. stone
OF pennsylvania said:
Il introduced the bill at the instance of
Admiral Erwin. We have had the mat
ter in contemplation some time [ was
surprised that the amendment to the APP
preparation bill was passed in the Senate,
but l do not propose TO prejudice that
and have so advised the friends of the
bill. If it cannotp pass l VIII pass my bill.
Of course | would prefer that the Govern
ment build this cable, but ii the Govern
ment will not build it, it should be done
by private enterprise"
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21

upon the prosperity OF fruit culture.
which has now become almost the prime
industry of the State. We believe that,
as Intelligent, thoughtful and wlde-aWake
railroad men, you fully and deeply ap-
preciate all these facts"
The communication details at length
what has been done in the matter of
transportation and offers suggestions,
which, it is claimed, could result in BEN
eft to the transportation company and to
the fruit-grower.
The following is a capitulation of what
is desired Of the transportation compa-
MES:
First-We ask that five-day ventil-
ated car service to Chicago be in some
manner guaranteed.
Second-We ask that you obtain from
the refrigerator companies a concession
OF at least $50 per car.
Third-IhaU 81 rate to Chicago be
granted on ventilated cars for eight-day
service.
Fourth-That carload lots of fruit for
Eastern shipment be hauled to points on
main line on basis Of through rates in
stead OF local rates.
Eitth-That ten tons be made the mini
mum amount Of cherries To be loaded in
refrigerator cars, as experience has
shown that twelve tons cannot be prop
erly refrigerated; that it is detrimental to
the iruit to be thus overloaded, and in
the beginning of the season that it is hard
to get over eight tons of cherries for any
one car, thus holding the fruit too long.
Sixth-We ask that mixed cars of dried
and canned fruits and nuts be accepted
by your company, each variety paying
its own rate, instead OF the highest rate
in the article establishing the rate for
the entire car; and that similar couces-
sion be made on mixed cars OF fresh
fruits and vegeta bleS.
Seventh-We finally ask, owing to the
woful depression of the raIsin industry,
that an emergency rate of 70 cents be
given on the raisin crop of 1885,
(Signed), Frank II. Buck, Vacaville;
d. 7. Fowler, Fresno; II. p. Stabler,
4uba City; j. Il. Anderson. San Jose; b.
f. Walton. Yuba City, George d. kel-
logg, Newcastle; IL. Weinstock, Sacra-
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
Carlisle WIN Not Restrn.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 20.-The report
that Secretary Carlisle intends to resign
is authoritatively denied. it is stated the
President desires Carlisle to remain at
the head OF the Treasury during his term.
suicide of Legation Secretary.
WASHINGTON, Fob. 20.-P. Bogadoff,
the First Secretary OF the Russian Lega-
ton, killed himself to-day by shooting
himself III tho head. He has been sick
two weeks.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21

Foote'S Nomination Confirmed.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20.-The Senate in
executive session confirmed Henry ).
F0ote OF California to be United States
Attorney for the Northern District of
California
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21

sudden Death ofa Government Official.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20.-Harry G. Os-
good, chief clerk Of Fourth Assistant
Postmaster-Gen Maxwell. was
stricken with apoploxy while at work to-
day, and died short time afterwards.
Osgood was the grandson of former
Postmaster General.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
severe Weather. In Europ

VIENNA, Feb. 2O.-Twenty persons
were frozen to death iu Galicia in two
days. The severe weather continues
throughout Central Europe.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21
MexIco-GnatomnIn Contrnver.sr..

CITY OF MEXTCo, Feb. 2O.-There is no
change i'll the Mexico uatemala situa-
ton. Finance Minister Limantour leaves
tomorrow for a visit to Vera Cruz,
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1895-02-21

ing COMMITTEES. So far as the Appropria-
ton Committee is concerned. every effort
IS being made to expedite the appropria-
ton bills.''
The debate reverted to the Indian bill,
which was not changed, when, at s
O'Clock, the Senate held a brief executive
session, and then adjourned.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
Hawaiian Jockey Club
4 %1
June IL, 1895
Official Programme.
Races to Commence at
~ AM. sharp.

II Races to Commence at
~ AM. sharp.
1st-BICYCLE RACE.
4 Prize, Gold Medal, valued at $40. En-.
trance fee 81 so; milo dash. free for all
2nd-BICYCLE RACE.
N Prize, Gold Medal, valued at $780, En-
VI trance lee 81 so; 8 mile dash. free for all
n 3rd-HONOLULU PURSE, 5000.
Running race mile dash. free for all
u 4th:-MERCHA PURSE 5000.
n Trotting and pacing to harness; 24O class.
VI Mile heats best in 5, free for all.
II 5th-RoSITA CHALLENGE CUP $3.50 added.
Running race; mile dash, free for all.
n Winner of Cup to beat record of Angie A,
Q.45D and receive $50 extra.
h 9th KAPIOLANI PARK PURSE, $3.50.
Trotting and pacing to Harness Mile
n heats best in g. free for all.
7th--OCEAN1C s. S. CO.'S CUP, $3.50 added.
Running race, mile DASH Hawaiian
\ bred.
! 8th-PONY RACE PURSE, 800.
N l mile dash, for all Ponies IA hands or
under.
1 9th-KALAKAUA CUP PURSE, $780,
Running race; mile dash for Hawaiian
n bred horses owned by members of Club.
Winner to accept 500 in lieu of cup.
\ 1Oth-HAWAIIAN JOCKEY CLUB PURSE,
$3.50.
h $50 class mile heats best 2 in 3, free for ALL
11th-PRESIDENT WIDEMANN'S CUP, $50
n added
Running race 4 mile dash, fire., for all
] All entries to be made with the Secretary
before Thursday, June 9Th 1895. Entrance fees
to be 10 per cent. of Purse, unless otherwise
specified.
All races to bs run trotted under the rules
of the Hawaiian Jockey Club
All horses expected to start unless with
drawn by o'clock A, NJ. ON June 10th 1896
| General Admission ...........5 so cents
Grand Stand (Extra) ...... so cents and dollar
Carriages Gnside of course) each ..,.... $3.50
Quarter Stretch badges. ......... 500
S. G. WILDER,
Secretary Hawaiian Jockey Club
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13

W.. S. Bartlett has rooms and
board for few persons at his de-
lightful bathing resort, llaniwai,
at the beach.
Robert Grieve, the veteran
printer. does work in the art pre-
sentative of all arts which cannot
be excelled. Give him your Or
ders for printing.
III. G Biart is matchmaker
and ieweler of much experience.
He was with Wenner & Go. many
years, and now is in business for
himself. His card will be found
in this paper.
Henry Bertelmannn, the ex-
perienced contractor and builder,
has resumed business at the old
stand. He will make estimates
promptly on new buildings or
jobbing. Get his figures before
giving contracts,
Viggo jacobsen, the pen artist.
solicits business through this
paper. His work needs no praise
to those who have seen it, and
others will not find it hard to get
look at samples. 1t has a finish
to it, whether in cheap or ex-
pensive work, that show superior
cultivation OF the artists gift and
great taste in execution.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
DEAD AND BURIED.
J. v. Simonson Joins the
Great Majority.

Before it has been published
many hours that Jerry Simonson
was seriously i'll, the news of his
death was circulated in the
community. He was one Of the
best known fgrues about town, and
be will be missed and regretted
by many people. The cause of
his death was blood poisoning,
and he died at IL o clock Saturday
morning.
jeremiah Vanderbilt Simonson
was a native Of New York State
and his age at death was 40 years.
His father was noted ship
builder, who designed the side.
wheel steamer Vanderbilt. Mr..
Simonson was related to the
Vanderbilts of New York. He
came round Cape Horn to San
Francisco as purser of the steamer
City of Psking. The Pacific
Mail Steamship Co. sent him to
Honolulu in 1880 to look after
their shipping business, which
he has been doing ever since be-
sides working for H. Hackfeld &
%. When the big China steamers
lay off the harbor, before the
channel was deepened to let them
come in, Jerry" as he was
Familiarity called used to transport
passengers and cargo between
ship and shore in steam scow,
and his friends called him Com
modore Simonson.
Mr.. Simonson was veteran of
the American war and a member
OF Geo. w. DE Long Post, G. A.
r. He was prominent in the
Citizens Guard, often standing
watch at night when scares were
on before the uprising, and was
sergeant Of squad 8 through the
trouble. Mr.. Simonson leaves
son in the States, but no rela-
tives in these islands.
The funeral took place from the
house of the deceased at a O'Clock
1t was in charge of
Geo. w. De Long Post, Quarter
master r. j. Greene being master
of cerem o les. Rev. Alex.
M C k in tos h conducted the
services IN the Anglican Church
vitual. The pail bearers re-
presenting the g. A. r., the
house of II. Hackfeld e. Co., the
business and the Citiz.
ans Guard, were L. L. La Pierre.
b. Suhr, @. Bosse, w. L. Eaton.
W. Pfotenhsuer, III. Schultze,
Captain Campbell and Arch.
iilfillan. Many fine floral COM
were contributed by
riends. A large concourse
attended the funeral. The pro-
was headed by the q. A.
r. veterans. There were about
fifty carriages following the
learse to Nuuanu cemetery.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13

The undersigned has re'assum-
ed his former business as
CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER,
and is now ready to receive all
orders in his line.
Estimates on New Buildings or
on Jobs promptly made. Any
body desiring to build q New
House or to repair an old, will do
we'll in calling around and getting
figures.
All work will be done in the
most satisfactory manner. Num-
erons references as to the quality
of work done in the past.
HENRY BERTELMANN,
King street, Honolulu,
May l3.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
DEPARTURES.
PASSENGERS. ARRIVALS.

From San Francisco, per bark
S @ Allen,S May 11-Mrs J s No.
Grew, Miss Crane, l. II Buck
land. w HI Lowell.
From Kauai, per Mikuhala, May
ia II Turner, A Hanneberg,
Mrs s Bertelmann, Miss Keala, S
Kakina and 81 deck.
From Maui, per Stmr Claudine.
May 12-Miss Helen Wilder Miss
A Kitchen, Mrs Kaela, Miss Ma
huka, Miss Nuer, l. A Andrews,
G III Faxier, j w Colville, Judge
j w Kalua, e Cousins, @ David.
Miss iSalamako and child. Master
j w KALAMAZOO Mrs Davidson and
child. J A Rodanet, wife and
child, Chin Kee and about ~
deck.
The Waialeale brought IL deck
passengers from Hamakua.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13

.DIOubub' w OUVhOuoO hOmO' hiV"i
| Angus and G Wilder had rendered
flies to Kaanoi and AHA, Willie
Wilder brought the two others
homo with a clean three Dagger,
and before the applause had
subsidized Harry Wilder struck a
single and another run WAS scored.
McNicholl hit safely, but Harry
Wilder was dropped making for
the home plate. Davis getting
first on balls was knocked out
sliding for second. He did not
respond to the umpire's waving
off, and it was found that he was
stunned. 1t took several minutes
of rubbing his limbs and dashing
of water over him before he was
able to rise. He was assisted off
the field and Aea took his place
for the rest of the game. AHA
was retired at first, and Pahau on
"a fly to Chan Wilder.
CANCEL made the usual fly out.
Wodehouse hit single, Hart
went to first on balls, Woods hit
double and Angus went out on
fly. Then Chan Wilder hit
double, went to third on Willie
Wilder's single, and Harry Will
der brought brother and cousin
home with a double. McNicholl
hit fly to AHA. Crowell struck
out, Kaanoi gave fly into W
Wilder's grasp and Mahuka struck
a double. but Lemon gave a
straight fly to Hart.
CANCEL opened the ninth with
his usual fly, which AHA gripped.
Wodehouse getting base on balls
was brought home by beautiful
three baser faom Hart, who came
home on a muff by AHA, a change
pitcher who had come on. Woods
hit a fly to AHA. Angus hit
safe one, and Chan Wilder went
out at first. The Rams did moth
ing this final chance. Bridges,
after hitting safely, was put out
stealing base, after Aea had bat
ted fly to Chan Wilder. AHA
hit single, but Lawelawe fan
ned out.
The scorers on both sides were
as follows: Stars-W Wilder 2,
Wodehouse A, Hart 3, Woods 3,
Angus 2. G Wilder 3-total II.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES 2. Gro
well 3, Lemon /, Bridges 2,
Davis ].-total 8.
The score by innings was as
follows:
L Q 8 4 8 6 7 s g.
Stars 0 1 / 3 O 1 4 5 81
Kams 2 OIL 4 l / 0 0 OIL
THE RACE TRACK.
There were quite number of
horses at the track yesterday
morning and some fine work was
done, The track is still rather
heavy, but it is hoped it will be
all right when the great day
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
A New ABSTRACT OFFICE

AS a result of IL years experience
in the Abstract Business, l am
prepared to make Abstracts of
Title in most thorough, accur
ate, and complete manner and on
short notice.
f. w MAKINNEY.
In w. D. Smiths Office, 318
Fort Street. my13.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13

California & Hawaiian Fruit e.
Produce Company, opposite II.
r. Depot, King Street. Every
description of groceries and
dried fruits; and by every steamer
from San Francisco and Van
couver, Ice House fruits, fresh
Salmon, and Oysters.
Telephone 955. p. o. Box a.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
READ THIS.

Gonsalves & Co. received by the
s. S. Braunfels fresh supply of
fine red table Wine from Oporto
and an invoice of extra Salade Oil
from the same place.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
LOCAL BREvITIES.

j. w. Colville of Paia is at the
Hawaiian Hotel.
The band will play at Emma
Square tonight.
The bathing resorts at Waikiki
were well patronized yesterday.
Sheriff Andrews and Circuit
Judge Kalua are in town.
Weather hazy, wind light north /,
at Diamond Head, 10 p. m.
Geo. Beckley gave a luau at
his Waikiki residence yesterday.
The Rams says that it was on
ly through luck" that they got
beaten.
W. H. Cornwell did not arrive
yesterday. He will come down
on Friday.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
CARaoEs.

Per Mikahala, from Kauai
4,S70 bags sugar. z hides, horse
and So packages sundries.
Per Waialeale. from Hamakua
-2.200 bags sugar
Per Iwalani, from Kauai--4,778
bags sugar and 81 pkgs sundries.
Per Claudine, from Maui
1904 bags sugar, 300 bags pota-
toes, 65 bags corn, Al head cat
tie. 10 calves. 1913 hogs, IL hides,
80 cords firewood and so pkgs
sundries.
The Independent. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1895-1895, 1895-05-13
GpntraGtpr
AND
4milaer

The undersigned has re.assum-
ed his former business as