Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1895-06-15

aud Arizona, and indicate that the pop.
ulation was teening.
One ol these forts was discovered by
Lieut.. Ward OF the United States army,
about twenty years ago. II Is some
seventy miles east OF MariCopa, in Afi-
zoua. The fertilization, psrallelogram
i,6oo feet long by 600 feet wide, Is Quilt
Of stone brought from the mountains
twelve miles away. Its average height
Is twelve feet, ana there arc portions Of
the walls still standing as perfect as
when built. Within the enclosure are
the moldetiug evidences OF a structure
OF roughly hcwn stones, as by 400 feet
one Ut the interior walls OF which has a
perfectly distinct tracing Of the sun and
It's rays. The rucblOs have ever been
sun.worshpper,.
At the southeast corner OF the wall,
IS tower which must have been OF
considerable height, white on the south
west corner is a tower about thirty feet
high. Plate, pottery and carved stone
some Of which still exhibit evidences
oi indelible staining and glazing are
scattered IN all directions.
The motive for building such a stu.
pcndous work could have been none
o.hcr than defense. The same idea
prompted the ancestors OF the pueblOs,
the cuff jewellers, TO build their homes
SO high up on the canyon walls that
from the ground the entrance looks like
that Of swallows nesL Aud In the
Pueblo towns OF today, like Acomi, the
idea IS still apparent, for these towns
were built when defense against a more
warlikc or numerous enemy was absO-
NfIfNItH HNHFa..#H.H 40 HaNN
The Pueblo Indians now live In much
tie same way as did their i1reiathers
when hrst discovered by the Spsniirds
$50 years ago. Years ago their lands,
winch they hold in common. we're grant.
ed them by Mexico. and at 'bc close OF
the Mexican war these grants were con.
filmed py the United States. Tuey are
quite scii.suppof ils, and should every
human being bu, themselves be bloitcd
from the earth they would jog along
without concern
The basis Of society Is no, the family,
as with a.. but the clan. The number
OF clans IN a Pueblo town runs from six
TO sixteen, every individual belonging
to one. A man cannot marry a woman
Of the same clan, he must 70 outside.
STILL stranger " the Law Of descent.
With civilized people It is from the
father, with the pucJlos from the
mother. Children take the name VI
their mother. Furthermore. the house
is In charge OF the woman exclusively;
everything within IL, the mems clothing
and weapons excepted, belonging to
the housckcgper. u once housed, the
crops are hers. As long a. they are IN
the field the man may dispose OF them,
aitcfward be must consult the woman.
Even the proceeds Of the common hunts
are treated IN the same manner. Only
when the man Kills game when out alone
Is IL his
The Pueblo woman is an eXcgllen,
housewife, and her home Is a model OF
nea'ness. Beds are usually made up OF
blankets OF home make. Bedstcads are
not unknown, but oltencr the blankets
will be neatly folded aud laid In a cor
ner IN the daytime, and spread upon the
iloOr At night Nearly every room has
It's dome'shaped fireplace, In which
sticks Of wood are placed on end to be
burned Those for heating only are
small, aud stand IN corner. Those Tor
cooking are much larger. and are
frequently placed GU, Of doors.
The cooking frepIaccs must not be
COnioundcd with the c5lu'as. which are
found IN every pueblo. Thu estuia Is
circular structure, rising a lew feet above
the ground, like the upper part OF
sunkcn cylinder. Il, fiat top Is reached
by rough steps OF stone. In the centre
Is a square opening, out Of which
ladder or noichcd beam projects. and
by which the underground interior is
reached. The males Of each clan were
formerly required TO sleep IN the estuia,
but It Is nov used only for ceremonial
and religious purposes. Esluia, IN
Spanish, means stove. The name was
given by the early Spaniafds to these
subteUancan rooms because they were
Of so comfortable temperature In
winter.
The Pueblo has nominllly adopted
the religion Of the Roman Catholic
church, but IN reality he Is a true pagan,
wrapped In dense clouds Ol superstition,
full Of lanciill legend, aud profoundly
IN worship. His gods are
without number. Not even the ancient
Greeks had more. Gods OF peace and
war. OF the chase,o hafyestand famine,
OF sun and rain and snow, elbow with
thousand Others for room. The serpent
is an object OF alteration, and the annual
snake dance OF the Moquis, 10 which
OF Taitlesnakcs are gathered
from the desert and handled with i'm.
punity, is one OF the most profoundly
ceremonies ever witnessed.
81 Louis Gi0brDSW0eJah