davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Kansas City, Jan. 1S.-wheat-Un-
changed, steady: No, hard 81 l-2di53c
No red 62 1-2a53 1-2c rejected 4S0i9c;
sales by sample ON change T. o. b.
Mississippi river, No. 2 hard 59c; No.
red bS l2q5gc,
Corn-SlOw and unchanged; No, 2
4iu.
Oats-Firm. in fair demand; No :
mixed 2SG3ic; No. white 50 l-2q33c.
Rye-No. nQminally 55c.
Flaxseed-Dull; numinally 81 30Ul 81
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Kansas city, Jan. ls.-Cattle-Re-
celpts 5000: shipments 1900 Market
steady; Colorado steers s2,7b03. 20;
Texas steers Sc OO94 90; Texas cows
81 0Og2 rs; beef steers 81 00@5, 10; ma
tive cows 81. 50G3 30; stockers and feed
ers 80 .50G4, 10; bulls and mixed 1850
8 90.
Hogs-Recelpts 1880; shipments 240O.
Market weak, &c lower; bulk OF sales
81. S06i.15.
Sheep-Rccelpts 1900 shipments 300;
market weak, l5c lower.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

New Orleans. Jan. 1s.--cotton stendy;
middiing, 3 $3.50; low middllng. 4 1916;
good ordinary, 11-1Gc. Net receipts,
4s9e gross 90e5; exports France. 1859;
coastwise. 1860; sales, 5000: stock cor
rected. 32s, 12s
Wcekly-Net receipts, a7,6is; gross,
es,Sl2; exports to Great Britain. 25.2S2;
France, $3.50; continent 3075O; coast
wise, 25.b5a; sales. 1850.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

ST. Louis, Jan. S-Cattle-Receipts
1900; shipments 1000, slow. barely
stcndy; good native and shipping steers
50 75d5 90; feeders 81 sO@3.35; fed
Texas and Indian steers S3.iba3. 90;
grass steers 81 ,30g8.2 5; grass and fed
cows 81. 8OQ2.75.
Hogs-Receipts $500; shipments 1900.
market strong, &c higher early; adj
vance lost later; best heavy $40.
Sheep-Receipts GOO; shipments 600;
market strong. higher; native mixed
s.. O0G3.3b.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Chicago Ill, Jan. 1s--The Daily
,rrade Bulletin estimates the supplies
Of wheat in farmers hands in the
limited states approximately $4,000, 900
bushels more than one year ago. Sup
lies In second hands about 2l.ooOoOO
more than at this time last yeas. AR-
rregate supplies, 1000, 900 less than one
year ago. Allowing 900 bushels
Tor consumption and seed during the
current six months and 100000 for
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

u9n, Jan. ls,-Canadian Pacific.
ERE, 10 81; Erie seconds, 65 IL;
Snehtral, 9li Mexican ordinary.
4, raul common, IS; New York
f. 'V2 ~; Pennsylvania, 90 1-2;
~ . -; Mexican Central new
%, par silver, 81 5-16d per ounce.
4 - per cent. The rate OF dis
me open market for short
Nu three months bills SIS per
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

New York. Jan. 1s.-Cotton futures
closed steady; sales, s5.500 january,
$50. February, b.56: March. $50: April,
5.s3: May, 567: June. b.71; July, 6.75;
August. $50; September, SIS; October.
5S8
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

New York. Jan. 1s.-Toal sales Of
stocks to-day were lls,gsG shares In
cluding' American Sugar, 1880. Bur
tilhng and Cattle Feeders. 25OO; Man
haitian, 100; Northwestern, 1900; Read
ing. 5000; Rock Island, GOOO; st. Paul,
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

visible and invisible on July leaves
1905, 900 bushels for export. European
supplies. 100000 bushels smaller than
one year ago, and Argentine supplies
l2.OOO 600 TO lh.0OO.O0O less.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

ragerson. Tex, Jan. 81. II. Row
oil Jr. OF this city. was re-appointed
yesterday by the new lana conInl3-
49,. Mr. Baker, TO his same position
sn oierlx in the general land office.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Austin Tex. Jan. lS.-In the supreme
court today the following cause was
submitted: Northside Railway Co, ct
rant
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

New York. Jan. 1s.-Lazard Freres
have increased the amount of their gold
shipments 100000 and Heidelback, IclS-
leheimer & Co, have Increased their
amount 100000, making the total ship
mesll tomorrow S4,450, 600.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Rome. Jan. 1s-The vatican Is en-
tlrely satined with the election OF NJ.
Felix Faure TO the French presidency.
and the pope instructed the papal
nuncio in Paris to congratulate him
uf,an his success.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

In hand Increase, $4,000, 900 marks; treas
ury notes increased. i,5sO,OOO marks:
other securities decreased. az s0Ds
r ~ erk notes in circulation, decreased,
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

ron; Jan. ls.-Gold is quoted at
Y Assyres at 25g; Madrid, 400;
Y 900 IL; st. Petersburg. so;
r a; Rome, 1o5.65; Vi.sna. 1903.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Havrc, Jan. 1s.-Conee-O Options
opened quiet. i-2f advance. At noon
quiet, Lar advance; Mt y. m. quiet
ana unchanged to La decline, closed
quiet at l-4Ql-2f advance. sales. 5000
bags,
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

cpero. Tex, Jan. is.-The jury in the
cass Of Andrews Moreno, charged with
wife murder, disagreed anu we're as
charged. Ten OF them were ior con-
,,lrffon
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

iork' Jan. 1s.-Gold has been
n a, Tor export tomorrow as fol-
ieloeioaek. Ickelheimer & Co.
X Aadenburg Thalman & Co.,
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Galveston, Tex, Jan. is.--cotton--
Steady; middling. 3-16c; sales. 7dS
bales: receipts, 1886 bales: exports. 929S
bales: ntoclr. 2ti.4IQ bales.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

Chicago, Ill. Jan. ls,-Receipts for to-
morrow are estimated as follows:
Wheat. 100; corn. $40; oats. H0; hogs,
1900,
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

North Adams. Mass. Jan. 1s.-About
100 weavers IN the Greylock gingham
mill struck yesterday The trouble Is
over the lack OF filling.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

~, Jan. ls.-The amount 80 bull
+, .'nu,aWn from the Bank of Eng
a balance today was $4,000.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

York. Jan. 1s.-Government
arm nrm; States Arm. Railroad
urn but quiet.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19
FUTURES A DRAG ON SPOTS.
on, TO REVERSE IT. SPOTS HOLD
uP FUTURES.

spinners want Cotton and Are buy
ing IL, aud This Affects the Heavy
Movement to Ports and 60 Interior
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

ST. Louis, No, Jan. is.-cotton steady
middling, i-sc. sales, 200; receipts,
$500; shipments 1000: stocks. 1890.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

New York. Jan. iS.-The following
are the total net receipts Of cotton at
all ports since September 1, 1894;
Galveston. -. -. ......1 ,35s,0i3
New Orleans. -. -. -. .,.1,7S9,O2i
MOBILIZE. -. -. -. .......... is7,2Ts
Savannah a.. 80. :, 1855
Charleston -. 80. -. -. 1888, $50
Wilmington. -. -. -. -. 2O9,72s
Norfolk. -. ....... ........ a5g,0i5
Baltimore. .. 80. -. .... -. .... 7S,51s
New York. .... -. -. 80. 80. 80. 125,1A5
Boston. :. :. 1886
Newport News........ 49,. -. 27.2s0
Philadelphia 80. -. -. -. 74,2G0
West Point, Va..... 80. -. 80. 200. 1908
Brunswick 49,. -. -. -. -. 1855
Velasco 90. -. 80. 90. 80. ...... 500
Port Royal. ...... 80. -. -. -. b3.s77
Totai.... =. -. =. -. .....,5,7Oi. eG2
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

mn cost Of supplying water TO the
,anse Of commons Is over 10000
year
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-01-19

For rates. tickets and all informa-
ton. apply or address any OF the ticket
agents or GASTON MESLIER,
General Passenger and Ticket Agent.
JAKE j. ZURN. CITY Ticket Agent
Fort Worth.
w. A. DAsHIHLL, #. p. A., Dallas.
l.. S. THORN1, Third Vice President
and General Manager. Dallas Tex.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

there must have been dozen of
these cases on that date
On April "a pauper check 11S was
issued by Geddes to Geddes for $3.50
for "pauper care, meals and transients
and express wagon 1t may be in
ferred that the care the paupers re-
ceived was such that an express wagon
was needed to haul them away and
all that sort of thing, but a serious
view of the matter would not lead to
any such conclusion. This check was
cashed at Bill Bros. Why this check
should have beer made to include an
express wagon. who the transients
were, where the meals were obtained
and all that sort of thing is not mani
fest from any statement on file.
On May 9, Geddes issued pauper
check No. 1856 to himself for $3.50 which
is charged as cash paid to trans
tents" At the rate which he alleges
he paid another set of this same class,
81 each, it would appear that in this
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02
Fac Smile of Check Issued by Geddes to Geddes.

instance there were four and one-half
transients. AS in the other cases
there Is nothing to show that this
money was expended for the purpose
stated.
May 81 Geddes issued to himself
pauper check 1873 for $3.50 There is
no specifica ton on this check to show
for what purpose it was used. 1t was
cashed, or traded, at Barton & Co.'S,
which firm also endorsed it before
making it a part of its deposit.
June s, Geddes issued pauper check
III for IS to Geddes. Geddes endorsed il
twice in order that there might be no
mistake. The charge is made on the
same Amount given five transients y
1t viii be seen by this that Mr. Ged-
des is nothing, If not liberal, although
who those five transients were, is not
stated, neither is there anything on
file to Sdicate that they ever received
the cash. 1t is due to Mr.. Geddes that
he state under what condidtions this
check, and all other checks of a
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

ter-signed by A. S. Geddes as well as
Barton & Co.
Buys u Pauper Horse.
On the 9Th of September last Mr.
Geddes turns a trick that would make
Bob Fortune turn green with envy. and
cause him to stop stealing horses. On
that date, by check No. 80 on THE State
Bank of Utah, and not pauper ac-
count check either. mind you. Mr..
GeddeS gives Hans Nelson So ito buy
| horses to peddle fish This would in
dictate cheap horsefesh, cheaper than
Bob Fortune got his nags, and Hans
Nelson, if he has treated Geddes as
fairly as John Ferguson treated
Roberts with the county team, has no
doubt long since evinced his gratitude
Lucky Mrs. Ferguson.
Under another head will be found a
statement of the generous treatment
given Mrs. Martha. Ferguson who, not
only gets coal and groceries galore,
with the sweetmeats usually partaken
of by all the paupers fed by Mr.
Geddes' pauper orders. but she gets
cash, and plenty of it, as the following
checks show:
On June 10 Mrs. Ferguson got creek
No. 179 for So
On June %. check No. 191 for SO,
which cites that it was for the care
of Mrs. Thompson. This check is
countersigned by Mrs. Ferguson" and
John Ferguson"
On June % she gets unspecified check
No. 200 for SO which she cashed to w.
H. Lawrence. and it went through the
Salt Lake clearing house July 3.
On July s, 'for keeping Mrs. Thomas"
Mrs. Ferguson got So ON check No. 214,
and on July II, ON check No. 22S. she
received 50 more for account of Mrs
Thomas, INDECENT
On July % she got check No. 239 for
81 for keeping Mrs. Thomas, invalid. ;"
and August u she got SO on check No.
272. for care of Mrs. Thomas" Thus
in two months Mrs. Fergusn received
so in cash.
On June Is Mr. Geddes gives C. F.
Emery check No. ISL for SIS ON pauper
account, but does not specify for what
of course. Mr.. Emery endorses the
check and turns it over to ]. H. limp
son for value received. Mr.. Timpson
in turn gives it to Brown & Gibson,
who finally get it through the clearing
house on June "a via the Bank of Salt
Lake, into the StatelBank of Utah, on
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02
Endorsement Showing Pauper Check Cashed by Geddes

similar nature were paid. In these
| times when indictments and accusa-
| tions are to be had not for the asking
1 alone, but by reason of the plenteous-
ness of the same, a man of his stand.
| ing should not leave himself open to
suspicion in this manner. 1t is true
! that by and with the advice of the
special auditor, he, with other select
men have gone over accounts which
were paid long ago, and endorsed
them as being correct, but this check,
and other checks, remain unexplained.
This check may solve a. mystery
which the chief of police has in vain
attempted to fathom; the same being
why tramps were SO "stuck" on the
town.
Checks POP, 900 and $50, drawn for 81.
81 and $11 on June 9, July s. and
August 16, by Geddes in favor of him
self and endorsed by himself were en-
dorsed "for transients L. T." food
and transportation" and -four families
and three transients" No time, place.
condition or name is specified, which
is but another illustration of the
methods employed by this man.
Pauper check No. 81 was issued
September 16 by Geddes to Geddes for
$3.50 for express on scales and
articles used in checking furniture"
This check was cashed or traded at
Barton g. Co.'S, the same as many
others were disposed of. Why this
charge was made to the pauper ac-
count is mystery. Geddes alone can
explain and doubtless will, if the pres
ent grand jury thinks the selectmen
should be investigated.
Other instances of loose business
methods are to be found in the follow
ing: August 8, Geddes issued check
POI for s14, for flares for transients."
Whether or not these fares We're
street car fares. hack fares or what
not. is not stated. July % pauper
check 23S for 50 for Transportation
charges was issued by Geddes to
Geddes, but like the preceding check,
nothing is said as to what use the
check was put. He drew the coin him
self.
Some Instances.
From among a huge stock of cam
celled checks, issued by Mr.. Geddes on
pauper account, are nine that were
cashed at Barton & Cos. store, in
which Mr.. Geddes is interested, and
saw the State Bank nf Utah only after
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

Barton & Cos. signature was ON the
back. after being cashed. or TRADED
out"
Check No. 2OS is in favor of Mrs. E.
G.. for $4.25. and was issued for
supplies for sick" yet Mr. Geddes'
firm does not supply medicines. This
check was cashed or traded at Barton
& Cos,
John Kennedy" puts his Gross" on
the book of a check for $11, which
name Kennedy is spelled correctly on
the book by Barton & Co. The check
is No. 246 and dated July so last. but
does not specify what the $11 was for.
On the same date. on check no 267, is
the name of A. Mayer, for $11, with a
notation for Transportation to Dem
yer and board. Barton & Co. got this
check Also
Then. on the next check in his book,
No. 24S, Mr.. Geddes writes it in favor
of himself for $40 with the notation
transient fares and board" indicat-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

ing that on July 80 he was doing
landoffice business in transient pauper
boarding and railroad fares to Denver.
This check was also cashed or traded"
at Barton & Co'e. on the same date.
Check No. 25S, dated August >, is in
favor of F. P for So, to buy sup
plies for children" and was cashed by
Barton &. Co.
Rose s. gets check for $40 ON
August II, and cashes it or trades it
out" at Barton e Co. The check does
not specify anything.
On August 10 Mrs. W turns in an
unspeciffed check for 81 to Barton &
Co. The check is No. 2S3.
Mrs. Anna M gets something at
Barton & Cos. for check No. 30S, dated
September 8, calling for $3.50
On September 6. Mr. Geddes makes
check No. 313 out to himself for IS and
Barton & Co. get it for fused for
transportation and food for six per-
sons" The check is issued by A. s.
Geddes, to A. S. Geddes, and is coun-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

person" for which the check for $3.50
specifies. For this reason, if for no
other reason on earth, the people
should demand the return of the in
Urinary horses and vehicles which were
'"sold."
The Climax.
Mr.. Geddes reaches a climax of grab
bing and the limit that divides the
line between that and something else
when, on September 8, by check No.
S07, he signs his name to a pauper ac-
count check on the State Bank OF
Utah in favor of Mr.. Pendleton." for
S25. If all the inhabitants of Utah were
put to work to guess out the riddle Of
this freak for paupers they would fail
in lifetime. It is all plain 70 Mr..
Geddes, perhaps, for on the lower mar
gin of the check is this notation:
Wagon for transporting poor fam
lily" VIII Mr.. Geddes please explain
this? He don't need to answer
whether the surrey or two Cooper
wagons that were disposed of at the
Infirmary sale" would have answer
ed for this transporting poor family
or not, but just ito say why it was
necessary to buy a wagon for this
particular Job. and what has been done
with the wagon; did the paupers eat
it, or where is it? AS the check was
issued to MIR. Pendleton," it was en-
dorsed mir. Pendleton' and then be-
low that endorsement was another in
the same handwriting, Ella Pen
dleton," so that it is reason
able to- suppost that the Pen
dleton family have made good rid
dance of some old wagon.
On August 10, by pauper check No.
2S5. Mrs. johnson" was paid $40 for
transportation MIR. Johnson also
gets a check for $40 for transporta-.
ton and then on July 20, "Mr. john
son" also gets another check for s. for
Transportation from Peoria" which
would seem to indicate that Mr.. and
Mrs. Johnson" were given railroad
tickets and expense money to take
trip to Peoria, Illinois. and return. In
March. April. May and June, Mr.. Ged-
des gave Mr.. and Mrs. Johnson pau
per checks Nos So, 112, 100 and 163 for
ST. for no specified purpose beyond
that indicated that they took the trip.
On June II by pauper check No. ia,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

checks drawn upon the State Bank Of
Utah, on "Pauper Account" and Mr..
Geddes has refused to do so as re-
peatedly, although some time ago he
condescendedd to file the stubs, a
piece of property which the special
auditor, with great caution, immedi-
ately took to himself. But all things
come to him who wait and Mr.. Geddes
checks were examined some time ago
with the result that he is shown to be
a right generous man to the festive
transient. "transhunt" or transit
ent' as the case may be.
Transient may mean tramp; it prob
ably does Geddes checks show that
one tramp gets 81, and five tramps
S.. Weary Raggles and Dusty Rhodes
would do well to come to Zion at
once for here they will fad a balm in
Gilead; a physician and a man with
grub stake.
Some times the checks given are
cashed at Barton & Co.'S, some times
Mr.. Geddes runs down to the Office of
the county recorder and obtains the
needful, sometimes Emery has the
money and at other times he just
cashes the check himself. OF course
all this depends upon the convenience
of Geddes If he has the coin why he
cashes it, if not he raises the money
and relieves the distressed one right
there on the spot.
Mr. Geddes. started the check
racket by issuing on February 6,
check No. &c, which he gave to his
partner on the board, the gentleman
from American Fork, Bingham, Muir
ray and later of American Fork
again, the amount of the same being
SO. This check is endorsed Charity
in the country" Roberts cashed the
same at the bank. but there is not a
scrap of paper on file to determine
who the poor grangers were who We're
benefited by this liberal donation. OF
course he didn't do it. but then Rob-
erts might have blown in the money
for a pet dog for all the records show.
On February %. Geddes made out
check No 46 for So for meals for
temporary pauper cases" which he
cashed at the store of Barton G. Co.,
where he is Interested. This amount
would have purchased, at the rate
Geddes says the sheriff of the county
can furnish meals, thirty repasts, but
It is presumed the people being hungry
that % cents was not too good, hence
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

for so. which he endorses and draws
the money on. and he notatcs FOR
railroad fares and transients to O. p.
e b" Just what that means the pub
lie may guess, if it can; but the next
check he writes shows that the poor
farm horses should have never been
sold for a song to Selectman Roberts.
Mr.. Geddes writes out check No. 29S
in favor of c. f. Emery. who is. by
this check. known to be an express
man. and the amount was for $3.50
for hauling two paupers to the in
firmary and one sick person to a
room" Mr.. Geddes said, when the
county was deprived of its valuable
team and surrey. that the street car
line to Murray could do all the trans
portation of paupers to and from the
infirmary Now, that other check to
c. F. Emery, noted above. for $15. is
no doubt for hauling paupers in an
express wagon for $1.16 % a head, as
that is what Emery charged" for
hauling the two paupers and one sick
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02

the same date This was somewhat
circuitous for a pauper cheek. but it
got there just the same.
a Few other Check" Freaks
On June % Mr.. Geddes issues q
freak of unusual magnitude in the
guise of check No. 1914, in favor of Mrs.
b for $3.50 for Hot Springs baths -
Buying paupers' baths is not so IN
reasonable perhaps, but it is unusual.
On Aug. 81 creek NO 295 for 50 was
issued to Louis Logenfeldt or \. y
Rudy" -'for Hot Springs baths only"
Mr. Rudy endorsed the check and no
doubt got Hot Springs baths only
Some of the paupers must have gone
to some bath house other than Mr..
Beck's. or perhaps kept the money or
spent it for other supplies. and batHed
in the Jordan; who knows! Mr.. Geddes
wants Hot Springs" or none.
On Aug. % also Mr.. Geddes leaves
the hot bath question long enough to
draw himself pauper check No. 296,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1895-10-02
SEARCH LIGHT NOW TURNED ON Them

matter in charge has been guilty Of
gross carelessness, as will be seen
from the reading The money of the
county has been used in buying not
the necessities of life, but its luxu-
ries
In the matter of roads, where the
apologists for the county selectmen
get in their grandest work, the bills
have been very high in many cases.