Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1895-10-30

heen made by Secretary Adams to Tho
RUSSIAN minister In respect TO the terri.
1t gead as follows;
THE occasion mas been Judged proper
Tor asserting as a principle. In which the
right and principles OF the tfnitea statea
are involved, that the American contin-
ents, by the free and independent condi-
ton which thoy have assumed and matt.
famed ere henoeforth not 10 he consid-
cred as objects for future colonization
by any European power
rms declaration, as we have seen, was
nrst made by John Quincy Adams 10
Baron Tuyl. The emperor Of Russia had
made claim TO all the territory on The
northwest coast Of America as far south
as latitude OIL. Great britain claimed a
portion Of the same territory and in an
Indefinite way tho United states had con-
eiuered our northern boundary line to
extend to latitude Ga degrees 40 minutes.
II will be remembered how In 1876 we re-
ceded from this eNtravagant pretenson
and accepted the parallel OF 40 degrees as
our northern boundary. showing that we
did recognize the right OF other governs
ments to acquire territory on this con-
tinent, and even some that we supposed
ourselves entitled to.
How then did Adams and Monroe I'M
derstnnd this broad statement ia the mes
sage and how has Il been understood by
our leaeing An.f IRAN statesmen since It's
announcement?
THE PANAMA MISSION.
John Quincy Adams succeeded Monroe
IN the presidency and Henry Clay became
his secretary OF state. In a sp,ciar iues-
sage to congress ON December 20. 1896, Nh.
Adams announced that the Spanish Ameri.
can republic Ind resolved upon a con-
gress TO meet on the Isthmus OF Panama.
IN which they should all be represented.
that they had invited the trnited States
TO send plenipotentiaries ana that mo in
Nitetlon had been accepted. In the course
of his message President Adars quoted
from Monroe's message OF 1879, the policy
that had been then declared. and explain.
cd IT, In speaking OF the objects cf the
Panama conference ne said:
AN agreement between the parties
renresehted at the meeting that each will
guard, by Its own means, against the es-
tablishment Of any future European col
ory within Its borders may be found
advisable This was more tlian two years
since announced by my predecessor 20 the
world ns n principle resulting from the
emancipation OF both American contin-
ents."
Such was the "doctrin," as construed
by the statesman that first declared It,
Each Nation was TO guard by it's own
means against the establishment OF any
future European colony within It's bord-
ers.''
President Adams mover dreamed that
the United States assumed a guardian
ship over the other American States We
proposed to guard against any colonlza-
ton Of our territory, and It was hoped
that the South American States world
do the same. President Adams advocacy
OF tho Panama congress rested on that
ground. ana that II would result in the
adoption OF such a policy by all the
American States.
lr the debate that followed MS to the
eSpediency Of sending representatives TO
Panama the whole subject of the relation
of the United States to the South Aniori-
can states was discussed. both in the sem
ute and the house, But not oven the
strongest advocates Of the mission limited
at the Idea that the United States WOULD
Under any circumstances exercise guard
icnship over the Central ard South Amer
lean republics, or in any way protect
them.
Although in the outcome representatives
10 Panama were appointed by our soye-
eminent, the conference itself proved to
be a failure. But what the whole his
torlcal passage Is nctaSe for Is tho OK
pt sitlcn of the Monroe doctrine" by John
Quincy Adams. its undoubted author. to
the effect that European exclusion from
the Western Hemisphere was to bo the
work, not of the United States solely as
champion OF the two Americas, but OF
each American republic primarily, as pol
Icy might dictate
LATER VIEWS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
Il has already been intimaled that when
| the question arose between this country
and Great Britain as to the very terri
tory concerning which the original utter
ance had been. that the United States re-
ceded its contention, and. instead OF IN
slsting on "54. ~ or light" which had
been a campaign cry in the presidential
election of 1874. accepted the parallel ot
40 for tile Oregon boundary, thus giving
up the whole of what Is now British Col
| lmbia.
In 1915 revolution occurred In Nucatnn,
and the white government OF that coun-
| try offered to ce1e It's dominion 10 Great
| Britain Spain or the United States. Pres
ident Polk made this offer the subject OF q
message TO congress IN which he urged
| that such measures should be passed as
would prevent 1t from becoming colony
| Of any European power. which he said
would be in contravention OF the Monroe
doctrine. But John c, Calhoun, who had
been a member Of Monroe's cabinet at
the time the doctrine was announced, and
| had taken part in tho cabinet discussions
of the subject. rose In his place In the
senate and opposed any action on the nart
/ of the United States, In the course OF his
argument he proved that the Yucatan
| case did not come within the terms OF
any part OF Monroes message, and that
under the circumstances Yucatau might
be acquired by any European power
President woolsey In his able work on
/ international law Endorses Calhouns po-
sition on this subject, and says 10 Jay
down the principle that the acquisition OF
territory on this continent by any Euro
pean power can not be allowed by The
| United States would SO far beyond any
measures dictated By the system OF the
balance OF power, for the rule oil seii.
preservation is not applicable In our case
senator Cnss. who certainly was mover
accused OF any lack OF strong American
feeling, in a speech delivered IN the SON
ate in January. 1856. said. referring 10
tho Monroe doctrine;
ITO colonization by nrrchase, treaty or
Inv ful conquest the Monroe doctrine was
not Intended TO apply, however II may
have come TO be considered In these later
dave TO suppose that THIS
declaration was intended as promise;
pledge or engagement that the United
States would guard from European en-
rronrhmeut the territory nf the whole
boundiess continent Is greatly 70 Iniseon,
cciye the purpose OF its pron'ilgator' ana
10 miscons,rue the explicit interpretation
published TO tho world by Its author. MT.
| Adams. Yet, had this Interpretation been
| ,.,,.hn.I L., tha most gmDiir1ouh terms "