davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
Old People.

Old people who require medicine to
regulate the bowels and kidneys will
find the true remedy in Electric Bitters
This medicine does not stimulate and
contains no whisky nor other intoxi-
cant, but acts as tonic and altera-
tive. 1t acts mildly on the stomach
and bowels, adding strength and CIV
ing tone to the organs, thereby aiding
Nature in the performance of the
functions. Electric Bitters is an ex-
celIent appetizer and aids digestion
Old People find it just exactly the
thing they need. Price Soc per bottle
at W. S. Lloyd's Drug Store.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
A Poor Likeness.

A good story, illustrative of the
Prosaic nature on which art makes no
impression, is told by the New York
Evangelist: "In the monument room
at Trinity Church is the large marble
tablet in memory OF the late Bishop
Hobart. 1t is bas-relief represent
ing the Bishop--a portrait--in the
agony of death, sinking into the arms
OF an allegorical female figure, pre-
sumably intended for the Angel Of
Death. 1t is said that an aged couple
from the rural districts were being
shown about the church, aud, pausing
long before the tablet the old lady
remarked to her husband: "That's a
good likeness of the Bishop, but"--re-
garding the angelic parsonage atten-
tively-'it's very poor one of Mrs.
Hobart. / knew her well. and she
didn't look like that."--Springfeld
Union,
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
Frank Witness.

In Henry county. this State, some
years ago, a young woman who was
suing her former sweetheart fol-
breach of promise was put on the wit
ness stand, and the lawyers as usual,
began making all sorts of inquisitive
interrogatories.
"You say" remarked one, 'that
the defendant frequently sat very
close toyor?"
Eyes sir" was the reply, with hec-
tic flush.
allow close?" ..
"CIose enough SOS one cheer was all
the sittin' room we needed"
"And you say he put his arm around
your waist?"
"No, 1 didn't"
"What did you say, then2"
81 said he put both arms aroan' me"
"Then what ?"
"He Rugged me-"
Every hard ?" ,
Yep, he did. So hard that I came
pretty near hollerin' right out"
"Why didn't you holler?"
cause"
That's no answer. Be explicit,
please; because what?"
cause l was afeerd he'd stop"
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
Baptist Statistics.

The Regular Baptists, North, have
1902 organizations and membership
of SCOOPS. They worship in 1906
churches, seating 2,1S0,45S people, and
in l, 165 halls. Their church property
is valued at $40, 524,5O4. The Regular
Baptists, South, claim a membership
of 1,276, 49l, aud own church property
valued at $lS,l52, 500; their societies
occupy 1912 churches, seating A,
340,657 people, They occupy 1853
halls, with seating capacity of 325, S65.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
A Novel Raft.

In the valley of the Bengal curl
Gus means of travel is resorted to DUR
ing the periodical rains. This is a
raft constructed by tying together
bamboo poles and supporting them on
four or more pitchers, which are kept
in place by cords. These pitchers are
of earthern ware or copper, spherical in
form, with short necks and funnel
tops and are in general use for draw
ing water from the rivers and ponds.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10

The bark Oakland put into San
Francisco last week in distress, haV-
ing had a remarkable experience g.
The vessel was becalmed in the Pacific
80 long that, though the crew was on
ratiOns for month, the gallery was
bare when she reached San Francisco.
The bark was bound from San Jose
de Guatemala for Port Madison. She
had little wind from the start, and
finally drifted into region of Gains
in which she fioated about for days
with the sails hanging fat upon the
masts. Gains and winds so light as
to be insufficient to keep her on her
course delayed her several weeks, and
the crew were put on half rations &.
Then the ships chronometer got out
of order, and the captain had to de-
pend on his watch. A little later the
captain was taken i'll and died IA q
few hours. Then the mate headed
for San Francisco, but not having
chronometer he was obliged to cruise
about in the neighborhood of the port
for two days searching for the light
house, being only safe to guess wher
the vessel was.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
The Presidents Message.

Congress received the Presidents
Message Tuesday. The paper which
is an able one is devoted entirely to
the consideration of foreign affairs
and discussion of financial matters
Mr. Cleveland reviews the history of
the financial legislation since 1874 and
lays at the door of that legislation the
blame for onr present financial diff
culties which he does not hesitate to
characterize as being "In such deli
cate predicament as to require prompt
and wise treatment. He goes on to
say: II am convinced that the only
thorough and practical remedy for our
troubles is found in the retirement and
cancellation of our United States
notes, commonly called greenbacks,
and the outstanding Treasury notes
issued by the Government in payment
of silver purchased under the act of
1890. I believe that this could be
quite readily accomplished by the ex-
change Of those notes for United
States bonds of small, as well as large
denominations, bearing low rate of
of interest. They should be Ing term
bonds, thus increasing their desirable
ity for investments, and because their
payment could be we'll postponed to
period far removed from present
financial burdens and perplexities,
and when with increased prosperity
and resources they would be more
easily met" After advocating an is
sue Of low rate of interest bonds he
takes a whack at the Free Silver ques-
ton in his characteristic style.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10

Honey bees routed farmers who at
tended public sale at New Hope, Pa,
the other day. Among other chattles
put up at auction were twenty hives
of bees. AuctiOneer Elias Eastburn
warned the 700 people present to in
spect the hives with a telescope.
Several farmers said they knew a
thing or two about bees that perhaps
the auctioneer did not, and the hives
were mildly jostled to show that they
meant what they said. A bee won't
stand showing, and these Bucks
County honey-producers can get
through any crowd without being
squeezed. Edward Louden lifted one
of the hives, and a minute later he
wished he had not. The swarm
poured forth and scattered the crowd
OF farmers in iiffy. A detachment of
the tiny warriors sought warm re-
treat in James Little's hair. That
gentleman did not wait to say good-by
20 his friends, but leaped fence and
darted across a cow pasture at a gal
lOp. 1t took half an hour to get the
crowd together again, and the bcehives
were sold at long range.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
A Big Haul.

A fisherman in Elliott bay, near
Seattle, recently took over nineteen
hundred salmon in haul of the seine.
This is the largest haul ever made in
that section. Even the rivers and
bays are doing thir best to help along
era of Democratic good times.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
THE ADVOCATE.

Diamonds! OF cuurss / keep them
and have some handsome ones toe
aud for both diamonds aud fue golo
watches, am headquarters. Remem
Der carry fine line OF these good.
1885, j. w. JONES, Jeweller.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10

A man whose heart has in the past
twenty months travelled from the left
to The right side of his body is a pa
tient in the Alameda rCal) County
IDRnmary, aud his case is greatly ill.,
teresting the physicians. He had nc
trouble of any kind with his hear
until twenty months ago when il
began to work towards the right side
OF his body. The physicians say his
heart is now at the extreme of thu
right side of his body. He has suf'
fered great pain since trouble began,
but lie now almost well, apparently.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
Nerves on Edge.

was nervous, tired, irritable and
cross, Karhls Clover Root Tea has
made me well and happy.
Mrs. E. b. WORDEN.
For sale by Thomas Kennedy.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10

An American paper says that the
Prince of Wales spends over $500 a
year on cigars alone. This is, OF
course, absurd, say London Tid-Bits.
As matter of fact, his royal highnesS
buys comparatively few cigars him
self. He has no need to do so. Both
the Emperor of Austria and Car OF
Russia make it practice each Christ
mas to send cabinets of the very
choicest Havanas to Marlborough
House, aud the collection of weeds
maturing there is quite sufficient to
stock any tobocconist's shop.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
Saturday Morning.

1000. Praise and Conservation Service.
+10:15 Normal Lesson: The Life of Christ.
*lO:45 Conference of Primary Workers.
I'll 10 The SCHOOL SEssIoN-(a) Music; (b) Grad
ing (c) The Home Class Department.
2:15. Praise and Conservation Service.
I $50 Normal Lesson: The Judges
300. CONFERENCE TEAoHERs.-(a) PREPARATION (b)
Teaching; (c) Aids. ,
I $3.50. Normal Glasses.
100. Song and Praise Service.
I 1920. Installation.
7:40. Address
( $40. Address-"The Sunday School, National Fac
tori. c. Lewis.
j. c. LEWIS, CONDUCTOR.
J. T. HIGHLAND, County President.
Miss MARY ANDERSON, County Secretary.
NOTEA the will entire
but those marked ~ had better leading reliable
workers ofcoue win The unmarked
10 workers.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10

The novel spectacle of steamers
furnaces being fed with bank notes
was recently witnessed at a Mediter-
ranean port. Forty sacks of the APP
parently valuable paper were tossed
into the furnace under the longing
eyes of the st0kers, who stood restive-
ly by with an evidently burning desire
to possess themselves of at least a
handful of that which they irelegantly
styled "rum fuel" The notes were
cancelled notes of the Bank of Algiers,
whose manager superintendent the
operation of their absolute combustion.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1895-12-10
PRoGR-AAEAEE
Montgomery County Sunday School Institute and
Workers. Conference,

FRIDAY and SACURDAY,
DECEMBER 13 and IA, 1895, AT MT. STERLING KY.
PROF. ]. G. LEWIS,
Superintendent Officers
Workers.
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
Friday Morning.
1000 Song and Prayer Service.
+1O:15 Sunday School Organization.
*lO:45 CONFERENCE COUNTY WORKERs.-(a) House to
House Visitation; (b) Precinct Organization.
+11:15. Normal Lesson: Old Testament History.
AFTERNOON
2:15 Song and Prayer Service.
I 2:30 Normal Lesson: the Teachers Meeting
X 90 CONFERENCE METHoDs.-(a) The Pupils Home
Study; (b) Teachers Pastoral Work.
$780, The SCHOOL SEssIoN-(a) Opening and Clos
ing Exercises; % Superintendent five min
utes Review; (c) Normal Drills
100 Song and Praise Service.
I $780, Bible Drill.
I 7:45 Address-"The Value of Early Training."-J. c..
Lewis
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-03-26
RALEIGH. N. c.
Q552l
ORGANIZERS.

Jas. Fl. Wright, Carlton, N. O., Or.
ganizer for Sixth district, composed Of
counties of Johnston, Wake, Durham,
Granville and Vance.
Q. Meg. Dunn, POpuli, N. O., Organ
iZer for Seventh district, composed Of
Cumberland, Robson, Bladen, COlum.
bus and Brunswick counties.
Elijah W. Flake, Rockingham, N.
c., Organizer of Eighth district, com.
posed of Harnett, Moore, Richmond.
Arson, Union, Stanly and Montgom,
cry counties.
Geo. E. Hunt, Michael, N. O., Organ.
izer for Tenth district, composed of
Guilford, Rockingham, Stokes, For.
syth, Davidson, Davie, Yadkin and
Surry counties.
J. P. SOssaman, HuntersviIle, N. O..
Organizer for Eleventh district com.
posed Of Rowan, Cabarrus, Mecklen-
bug, CASTOR Lincon and Iredell coun.
ties.
First district, composed of the coun,
ties of Currituck, Camden, Paquuo-
tank, Perquimans. Chowan. Gates.
Hartford, Rev. I. W. Babb, Hartford,
N. @.
Ninth district, composed of Ran.
dolph, Chatham, Orange, Person, Cas-
well and Alamance, J. r. Means, Trim
ity College. N. @.
Fourth district, Don @. Sanders, of
Burgaw, N. O., Organizer. Counties
in the district, Wayne, Duplin. Ons.
low, Fender, New Hanover and Samp,
son.
Twelfth district, composed of the
counties of Alexander, Wilkes, ALE.
ghany, Ashe, Watauga, Mitchell and
Surry, J. W. Cox, EdWardsville. N. @.
George W. Hahn, Tuscola, N. c.,
Organizer for Fifteenth district, com.
posed Of the counties of Haywood,
jackson, Swain, Macon, Graham, Clay
and Cherokee.
A. W. Parker, Sylvia, N. O., organ
izer for the 18th district, composed of
the counties of Buncombe, Yancey,
Madison, Henderson, TransyIvania and
Polk.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-03-26
FIFTY-FOURTH DAY-SENATE.
Prayer by Rev. DR.. Branson, City.

BILLS PASSED THIRD READING.
To construct a bridge across Trent
river
To amend the charter of Henderson
Vance county.
To improve the public roads of Wake
county.
To raise money for public schools in
Cherokee county.
To levy a special tax in Craven
county.
To incorporate Vandermere, in Pam
To amend the charter of the town
of Kinston.
To amend the charter of the town of
Statesville.
To extend the provisions of the
Mecklenburg road law to Ashe and
Watauga counties
To incorporate Ramsaur, in Randolph
county.
To levy a special tax for school pur-
pcses in Siler City.
To regulate fishing in Roanoke and
Tar rivers
THE CALENDAR
was taken UP and bills were disposed
Of as follows:
Bill to establish a normal school for
the colOre0 race near the town of Win
s5on In Forsyth county. The bill ap-
propriates 81, ZOO annually by the
State, and it is proposed that people of
Forsyth county will raise 81. 600. The
colored people have buildings which
cost about 81, 900, which are now ready
for use. The bill passed its third read
ing.
RAILROAD COMMISSIONER.
The election of a Railroad Commits
sloner to fill the vacancy occasioned bv
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-03-26
DEMANDS ADOPTED
By the Farmers Alliance and Industrial
Union at Raleigh, N. c., Feb
ruary 8, 1895

Finance-We demand a national
currency, safe, sound and flexible,
issued by the government only, q full
legal tender for all debts, public or
private, and that without the use Of
banking corporations; a just, equitable
and efficient means of distributing
direct to the people at a tax not to eZ.
coed 3 per cent. as set forth by the
S~ub-Treasury plan or some better sys
tenn; also, by payments in discharge OF
it's obligations and for public improve.
ments.
O. We demand the free and unlimited
coinage of silver and gold at the legal
ratio of Is to 1.
b. We demand that the amount Of
the circulating medium be increased to
at least $50 per capita exclusive Of legal
reserves.
c. We demand a graduated income
tax.
d. That our national legislation shall
be so framed in the future as not to
build up one industry at the expense Of
another.
e. We believe that the money of the
country should be kept as much as
possible In the hands of the people and
hence we demand that all national and
State revenue shall be limited to the
necessary expenses of the government,
economically and honestly admins
tered.
f.. We demand that postal savings
banks be established by the govern,
mIent for the safe deposit of the earn.
ings OF the people and to facilitate ez.
changes.
Land-The land, including all the
natural resources of wealth, is the
heritage Of all the people and should
not be monopollzed for speculative pur.
poses and alien ownership of land
should be prohibited. All lands now
held by railroads and other corpora
lions In excess of their actual needs,
and lands now owned by aliens, should
now be reclaimed by the government
ana sold for actual settlers only.
Observation-Disclosures BE-
ing a means Of exchange and a public
necessity, the government should own
ana operate just enough of the com
peClng railroad lines of the country to
eHecGualIy give the Government full
control OF the regulation of passenger
fares and freight rates.
q. Ihe telegraph and telephone, like
- PS0VOth0oS ysGem, Delng q necessity
Tor the transmission Of intelligence
should be owned and operated by the
government In the interest of the PEG
pie.
LECTION OF UNITED STATES SENATORS
We demand the election of United
states Senators by a direct vote of the
people. That each State shall be d,
q n two districts of nearly equal
voting population, and that a Senator
from each shall be elected by a direc'
vote Of the people of the district.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
cAMPos AND ovzMAN
Give Their vsuIsss v No slslis Msw Prevail.
Ing N The LsIaRl Of cuks.

HAVANA, Sept. GA banquet was asveu
last night at tho CAsino Espanol by the
Regional societies to the Spanish officers
lately arrived in Cuba. The banquet was
presided over by Marshal Campos. Senior
6uzman, ox-prcs.dent OF congress, made n
patriotic speech on the theme OF
sovereignty, which hc said could not exist
without force.
Spain, he said, had right TO use force
70 carry out her resolution 90 retain Cuba
Spain does not depend upon material In
tercsts, but responds to tradition, and con-
tinues To work TO represent In Cuba the
highest expression Of moral and patrioti,
sentiment, and In concert with the civilized
nations TO demonstrate the power Of Spain.
Spain has sent $1,000 Of tho flower OF her
army, and Is preparing TO send 25 900
more.
Vivas were given by the company for
the king, the queen and the army. Marshal
Campos, rising to reply, said
II lack eloquence to reply TO the
speech Of Senor Guzman, and can utter
only few heartfelt words Of thanks
TO Senor Guzman for his personal praisc.
II j have done anything for my coun.
try, the thanks are duo to Providence and
not to me. In the name OF the army.
return thanks TO Havana, 10 the Span.
ish casino and to other bodies for their
enthusiastic reception Of the troops.
"Thc president Of the cabinet--Senor
Castilho-when Antonio Maceo landed In
Cuba, declared that Spain would sacrifice
her last man and last peseta before per.
uniting separation. The government will
send more than l have asked. AS Senor
Guzman has said, Spain has no material
interest TO defend in Cuba
What would Cuba be without Spaini
The division of the insurgent factions
already foretells that the negroes are dis
putting for dominion over the whites
What would happen were Spain absenti
Independence would be followed by wal
between the districts and races
1T Is not noble to disparage an enemy
and l Will say no more about those who
have to combat. Arms In hand, we cor
daily salute the troops, remembering the
sacrifice they make In coming to deadly
climate, leaving fathers, brides and sisters
to give their blood for patriotism, civiliza
tion and long series Of heroic deeds.
General Campos made patriotic har
angue to all branches of the army In
Cuba, and congratulated the nation upor
its ability to bring large bodies of troop
across the ocean from Spain without re
course to foreign nation. He expressed
hope that after all tho work OF organiza
ton was finished. the campaign woult
terminate soon.
He saluted the queen regent, who's
virtues he eloquently extolled; virtues, h,
said, which have made the entire worlt
respect Spain through her. The rebellion
he claimed, cannot be justified by an.
faults Of her government, since 1t hat
already anticipated ample satisfaction t,
the liberal opinion Of the country.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
SatoIIi and the CardlnaIate.

retary to Mgr. Satolli, was interviewed
yesterday on the latest reports concerning
Mgr Satolli's elevation to cardinalate
and that he would be recalled to Rome.
DR.. Rocker said: 1T Is perfectly plain
that IL Mgr. Satolli is created a cardinal
and recalled to Rome he would no longer
be the papal delegate to the American
church. So far as this legation Is con-
cerned, no intimation whatever has been
received here of the intention to create
Mgr Satolli cardinal.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
Curry Fined $500.

PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 5.-The special
race between the crack PAGERS, John r.
Gentry and Joe Patchen, at Belmont park,
was lamentabie failure. Patchen, who
was driven by Curry, was full Of go, but
to the surprise and disgust Of spectators
he was pulled" by Curry. After the
race the judges held a meeting, the result
Of which was that Curry was fined $500
and another 800 was taken out of his
share of the purse to pay Dickerson for
driving the last two heats
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
A Ia Parkhurst.

BALTIMORE Sept. ga delegation Of
ministers Of the gospel spent the closing
hours of last Sunday night by visiting the
local resorts Of evil persons. The party
was piloted by Rev j. f.. Heisse. Mr.
Heisso says the visiting clergymen found
on Sunday afternoon thousands ofmen
and women congregated, drinking whisky
and beer" This was done In tho presence
of pOiice officers
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
-----
Strikers Places Filled,

IsHPEMING, Mich. Sept. 5.-The Chicago
and Northwestern railway brought In a
gang of outside miners and laborers yes
terday. Half the number were left at
Negaunee, whore they were escorted by
troops to the Buffalo mines. The remain
der were taken to Ishpemins mines. Tho
new mon are at work at the mines under
the protection of the troops.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
For Home Rule.

HAVANA. Sept. g. An sutonomist
party Is about TO send petition to the
Spanish governments, asking that con-
stitution, similar to Tint OF Canada. be
granted 10 Cuba.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
Enjoying ThemseIv

BERLIN, Sept. 6.-The German-Amer-
loan Veterans of the war Of 1901 yester-
day placed wreaths upon the sarcophag
Of Emperor William and Of Emperor
+ Frederick III. They also visited other
places OF interest and went on an excur-
eion up To Wannsea
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
Hurts German BimeiaIIists.

BERLIN, Sept. 5.-The German bimetal-
lists are making desperate attempts to de-
prive the statement of A. J. Balfour to
the effect that an International currency
conference would probably not come to
any agreement Of the ratio Of value be-
tween silver and gold Of its uncom-
Portable meaning DR.. Arendt, editor Of
the organ Of the bimetallists, warns Ger
many against. continuing her policy of in
decisiou
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
Carlisle a Candidate.

OLARKsvILLE, Tenn, Sept. 8. - Mrs.
Carlisle has written to friend in Chris
tisn county, KY, just over the state line,
that Secretary Carlisle Is candidate for
tho Democratic presidential nomination,
and Will have his name placed before the
party as the present administrations ia
YOrite.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
10Wer COLLAPSED.

SPRINGFIELD, Ills, Sept. 5.-At the state
fair grounds yesterday the west tower on
the great machinery hall, which is now
being rooted, collapsed and fell in, burying
several men beneath its ruins. Two
plumbers were killed.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
Losschsr Released From CUSTODY.

DENVER, Sept. s.--Hellmuth Looschef,
the engineer OF Hotel Gumry, the building
destroyed by the recent explosion. has been
released from custody.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05

ic cold or deep seated cough. often aggra
waited by caiafrh. Both remedies are pleas.
ant 10 use. Price 81 Cream BDlD, DOC per
bottle; Pincols Baisprn, 25c j" quantities
OF s2.6O We will deiv'r free or express or
postage on recent OF amount.
ELY BROTHERS, SO Warren b.. New YORK.
iyII4W
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1895-09-05
Scarlet Fever Prevalent.

ANsoNIA, Conn, Sept. 5.-An epidemic
Of scarlet fever is prevalent here, scores OF
cases having been reported to the health
authorities. The death list has reached 10
In number, and several cases reported arc
critical. A strict quarantine has been
established