davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04
STREET RAILWAYS IN ENGLAND.
How Birmingham Looks Closely After the
 Interests Of Her Citizens.

AAboESSts ok aer Il61ESmas
 George Francis Trains famous at tempts to introduce tramways in the British towns in 1860 did not neglect Birmingham, says Dr. Albert Shaw in his Municipal Government In Great Britain. Mir. Train was granted an ex- perimental concession, which he failed to utilize, and i'll 1861 the corporation itself obtained parliamentary authority to build tramways. But nothing was done until after the general tramways act of 1870 was passed.
 At length, in 1873, the council laid the first line at q cost of $75, GOO and leased it for seven years to an operating company. From time to time other lines have been built and leased. but the cor poration's limits included only 8, 100 acres until Nov. 8, 1891, when they were increased to 12, 365 acres by the annexation of suburbs then containing some 50, 900 people. Thus when the oorporation's street railway system was under construction the average distance from the center to the oircumfer- ence of Birmingham was only two miles, and 22 miles of tram lines are the total extent of the municipal ownership. Out side of the city B jurisdiction the operat. ing companies have extended the lines by still greater mileage. In the future undoubtedly these extensions will be ae- quired by the Birmingham corporation at fair valuation, in accordance with the methods prescribed in the general tramways act. The present municipal lines are operated in part by horse pow ar and in part by steam, with cable and electricity also introduced on certain routes.
 The terms of rental are worthy of mention: 1. The leasing companies agree to pay per cent on the full mu- nioipal investment for the first II years of the lease and 5 per cent for the re- maining seven years 9 The companies also pay an annual sum which at com. pound interest will accumulate fund equal to the whole capital outlay at the end of the 9 years lease. It is c,slou- lated and agreed that per cent for IA years and per cent for the remaining seven years will suffice to raise the full amount of capital. Meanwhile also the companies pay all current charges for repairs and maintenance of the lines upon receiving bills certified by the city surveyor. It should be remembered that Birmingham is able to borrow at very low rates, and it is clear that these terms are profitable to the municipality. At the end of the 2l years the earning value of the franchises will have in- creased. and new leases can be executed on terms still more advantageous to the city. But while Birmingham has thus protected the ratepayers so handsomely 1t has accomplished even more in the guarding of the interests of the travel ing public Every detail as to rates of fare and character of service is described in the bylaws and regulations that the companies have to accept. The minute ness of the requirements touching duties and conduct of drivers and conductors, furnishing and lighting of cars and so on would amaze an American commu- nifty.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04
Red Topped Boots.

"When was boy" said a middle aged man, everybody, men and boys, too. used to wear boots. Who does not remember the pride and joy of the small boy over his first pair of boots with red tops? What delight of early youth is there now to equal it? The first pair of suspenders is all very we'll, but what is there like the first pair of red top boots?" New York Sun.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04

plant IS growing the height of the width of the strips used and is silent while the pointer is passing over the spaces be tween the strips of metal. The growing of corn may be heard direct by means of the microphone. and there are those who declare that they have heard it without any artificial assistance what ever. St. Louis Republic.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04
A Hard Question.

Modern Maid--I wish some advice.
 Old Lady-Certainly, my dear. What is it?
 Modern Maid-Shall marry man whose tastes are the opposite of mine and quarrel with him, or shall l marry a man whose tastes are the same as mine and get tired of him?-New York Week
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04
Not "Adyaneed.n

One-I presume you are one of the advanced women.
 Tother-Well, no, really, l can't say that am. You see, I'm married and have four children. Detroit Free Press
 DECADENT DIALOGUE.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04

All Saints day, Nov. 1. is said to have been begun by Pope Boniface " about GOT and was established by Greg ory " about $50.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04

Mir. William Sharp, the disciple in England of Maeterlinck, has written volume of dramatic interludes which he calls 'sVistas. !" It may interest some readers who are not we'll acquainted with the deoadent species of dialogue to see the. following soran taken from the
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04

Demosthenes paid chalchi--that is, less than cent-for two waxen tablets to make memorandun.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04
sayes Time.

"Are you doing anything for that cold?" asked Raynor.
 And Shyne handed him card in soribed as follows: ''I'm taking the advice of every blamed fool that comes along with remedy, Whats yours?'' ?''- Chicago Tribune.
 plcMApck AMI CRISpI
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04
ASLEEP ELEVEN YEARS
A Girl Frightened Into slumber From
 Which She Has Never Awakened.

There is girl named Marguerite Bouyenyal at Thenelles, i'll the north of France, near St. Quentin, who IS reported to have been asleep for the past II years. A good deal of doubt has been
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04
How People Talk In One of William sharp's
 Dramas.

DECADENT DIALOGUE.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1895-03-04

Fully prepared to accord all business most efficient vice. offering DepostorS unexceed facilities and consderate treatment at all times.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03
Probably too much attention Is belns

Probably too much attention ID being
paid to the vexel blO0mcr controversy.
but this does not mean that the con.
troversy Ii not likely to continue. 1t
will go on until either the costume
changes or the popular point Of view
changes. 80 that. from growing famli-
lnrity. the bifurcated thing no longer
seems strange. Whatever the outcome,
the blOOmcr discussion IL here to stay.
Note the recent furry In Canada. when
member Of board Of education tried
to prevent school teachers from wearing
the now costume. Note u similar cf-
fort to abolish the blOomcr by calling It
I'm article of "male attire" Note also
that these efforts have failed lamenta.
bly,. While the w0rdy r,,mpus con.
tinues the new bicycle costume. advanc.
Ing firmly and boldly on Its two legs.
u working its way into public tOlera-
tion. Tho accusation that the new gar.
mcnt In male attire" may bc parted
now by calling attention to the fact
that as 1t IL already worn by women
as much AZ men, It Is no more mans
attire than 1t IL wOMnn's. To cap the
climax. there comes an edict OF the
west park board Of Chicago prohibiting
racing wheelmen from wearing their
lneager racing suits. This last looks
like an insldiOus flank attack Of the
advocates Of boomers. Can It b. that
the new woman, having appropriated
male attire for herself. means to drive
the new man into l,ettlcOats and stays?
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03


The awkwarVlncSs Ut country youths
when they visit the cities has long been
a subject for ridiculc by city residents.
But In tho practical education which
contact with nature gives the country
boy or girl has the advantage. Prof.
q. Stanley Hall Of Clark University no.
Gently questioned some 6.year-Old city
children with very surprising results.
FOrty-iive per cent. or nearly Onc-half,
had never been In the country. Twenty
per cent did not know that milk came
from cows. Fourteen per cent, or one
In seven, had never seen the stars. and
% per cent did not know that articles
of wood We're made from trees. All
these things ana thousands more the
country boy or girl learns unconscious.
~. 1t Is this useful Information which
tends to give practical character to
the ideas of cOuntry-bred men ana
women. They realize most fully that
he who has his foot on the soil has the
foundation that Is least likely to he
shaken when storms ana tempests arise.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03
IN the Ei0HTEENTH DiSTRiCL.

The vacancy In the 18th congressional
district Of this State, caused by the
death Of Mr.. Remain. will prccipitate
the fight on the silver question one year
In advance of the schedule. The dis
trict IL usually Democratic by II small
majority. but In 1894 the Republicans
succeeded In electing their candidate
by 300 plurality. A successor to Mr..
Remain IL to be elected this full. but
the struggle between the Republican
and Democratic candidates IL not to be
the chief point of interest In the dis
trict.
II II given out by the leaders of each
Of the wings Of the Democratic party
that each faction will he represented by
Il candidate. andt the free silver question
Is to be the main issue between them.
The Democrats are 81 hOpelessly In the
minority In the lower house of Con-
gress that the election or defeat of ono
Democrat does not cut any figure. and
the impending canvass furnishes the
free silver Democrats and their OppO-
nents II chance to try conclusions.
The election will show. so fur at least
as the 18th district Is concerned. wheth-
er the pronounced free silver utter
ances of the Democratic State conven-
ton held IN Springfield last June rep
resented the sentiment Of the party.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

Public attention has been called To
the subject Of manual training during
the last few days by the national con.
ventlOn OF manual training teachers ut
Armour institute. Chicago. Such edu.
cation hns long been neglected, but It
has made decided advance In recent
years. II Ii noticeable. however. that
the best facilities for manual trimming
are usually found In private schools
The public schools throughout the cOun.
try are beginning to do something In
this direction. but not as mucl, as they
ought to do. However. admIrab bic man.
ual training II given to u limited mum.
Der Of pupils IN connection with the
Chicago public school system. The Ar.
nlOur institute, the Lewis institute and
the Jewish Manual Training school also
show the growth Of the idea In Chicago.
Neglect Of manual education BY the
public schools makes II inaccessible to
many Of those who need 1t most. Much
good In being done by private institu.
lions. but they cannot help the great
njOrlty OF children whose schooling In
to two or three years. Manual
training Ii not a preparation for par.
ticular trade 40 much as It Il a general
Of the hand and tho eye. Ar
such IT should form a part Of every
child's education. The kindcrgnr ten
makes the training n the fingers an On.
scntlal part Of its work. Tho same
should Ike true. no far ~ n practicnb bic.
Ut the elementary school and the gram.
mar school.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03
DEMOCRATS 10 REOR0ANIzE.

The leading spirits Of the Democratic
Central Committee have ut lust awak-
ened to the necessity Of u radical reOr.
gan.xatiOn Of that body.
That the Democrats of Chicago have
practically rcpudiatcd the present or.
ganlxatiOn IL evident from the loud
calls for u new deal that are going up
In every quarter Of tho city. Some III
the most experienced Democratic lea,l.
ers have taken cOgnlxnnce Of this gen.
eral dissatisfaction. and ut the next
meeting Of the central committee meas.
ures Will be introduced To authorize tho
calling Of a constitutional convention.
While no detailed plan has yet been
discussed. certain radical changes have
already been agreed upon by u mn Ority
Of the committee.
Among other things. the plan Of re-.
organization cOntemplates the fOrma-
ton Of two separate committees; one
for the control anu management Of par.
~ affalrs In the city ana the other to
perform Ike functions In the county.
Another important measure In the
reorganization now being discussed hns
In view the Idea Of doubling the repre-
sentatiOn In each ward.
This would make the committees too
cumbersome for zone man power"
and In that way the element Of bOss.sm
now existing would be- wiped out.
While some difference exists In minor
details the general sentiment Of the
committee seems to favor u reOrganixu-
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

II tho coming woman Ii really taking
to the higher education In good cook.
cry. o. II reported Of her. then all will
be forgiven. Even political economy
and socioloRic problems will bear pleas.
ant family discussion over u table con.
tanning a well.coOked dinner. Perhaps
therein lies the hint Of feminine final
supremacy. for what can man refuse
the being who makes an art Of pleasing
his palate and dellghting his digestion:
Beauty itself must yield a. a supreme
Influence to the staying power Of this
new and subtle force.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

The late catastrophe In the gulf of
Genoa, with the sinking of the steamer
Maria i. ana the loss of nearly 100
lives. recalls again that In modern sea.
faring the collision Is the chief of dan.
gers to be feared. Both before and
since the sinking of the battlcship Vic
t0ria, when II blunder In maneuvering
brought her athwart the bows Of u
sister ship. the recent disasters of the
sea have been due to collision and In
signal Instances to collision In Il fog
The tragedy In the Genoan gulf came
about In the usual way. the two vessels
running at fun speed through II heavy
mist and cOlliding with sufficient force
to sink one ana nearly disable the 9th.
or. II sea-gQing Is to be brought to n
higher degree of safety than at present
the nautical inventors must turn their
attention more ana more to means of
avoiding collision. Most of the vessels
carrying heavy freight or passengers
are able to withstand almost any storm.
They run little risk from fire ut sea.
But the fog and the unseen neiglibor
ship are more threatening perils now
than ever; as the amount of shipping
increases this danger grows correspond
ingly. Some time ago an inventor an.
nOunced that he had designed a power
full magnetic appliance, which, II placed
ON the bows of vessels, would give
warning to other ships near at hand by
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03
affecting their compasscs. II this or any
similar cOntrlvance is feasible It can
not I've adopted too soon.

Some valuable work has been done
recently on French farms ut the sug.
gestiOn Of men who have made q study
OF electrical science. The termination
Of beans. peas and grain has been
quickencd to a marked extent by the
electric current. The apparatus that
has been employed with good effect by
agrlcultirists consists Of an ordinary
pole. forty to fifty feet high, on the
tip Of which Ii insulated row Of cop.
per spikes to collect electricity from
the atmosphere. An insulated wire
transmits the electric force to n net.
work Of galvanized iron wires buried
four to ak feet In the ground under
the growing crop. This apparatus Is
called geomagnetlfcrc. 1t is claimed
that an Increase Of 30 per cent. In yield
can he obtained by Its use. Grapes
thus treated contain higher percent.
age Of sugar and alcohol, and the per.
fumc Of flowers Is stronger. The geo.
magnetlfere sixty feet high Is claimed
to enrich the ground to tho same extent
as ten times It's cost In manure. II
has long been supposed that electricity
assists legt,ininOus plants In approprl.
ating free nitrogen from the atmos.
phere. but Il ID hard to understand
the character Of the process. 1t scarce.
Is con bc a hxation In the earth Of nj.
trogen obtained by decomposition Of
the air. but II would seem rational to
suppose that the electric force makes
the useful material In the soil more
rapidly and completely assimllablc
than II otherwise would be.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

1t IL u question whether the strlnging
Of electric wires In cities and villages
Will not destroy large proportion Of
the shade trees. Complaint IL made In
several cities TINT where the wires pass
through the foliage the trees In nenr.
~ every instance have died. presumably
from tho effects Of the electric current.
It has been noticed also that the dealt,
OF the trees almost Invariably follows u
season Of rain, when the wet leaves are
good conductors OF electricity and car.
~ 1t from the wires to the trees. In
some cises the death Of trees has been
caused by wires supposed to be thor.
Ougllly insulated. the covering having
been rubbed or the wires by the frlc.
tlon Of the branches when moved by the
wind. The evidence that the trees have
been killed by electricity II furnished
by the fact that In numbcrless Instances
the trees through which the wires pass
died In IN hour during II storm. while
those standing few feet from the
wires We're unlnjurcd. These results
will raise the question rs to tho liabil.
ity Of electric light companies for the
damage caused by the killing Of shade
trees. The right to string electric wires
does not give the further right to dc.
strOy the shade trees, which may con-
stitute the chief value Of u piece Of real
estate. Neither does 1t give the right
to lOp of the branches and otherwise
dlsiigure ornamental trees simply he.
cause such branches happen to be In the
way OF the wires. This destruction of
trees Is quite likely to lead to expensive
litigation before a property owners
right to receive damages for his loss Is
established by the courts. A good deal
OF trouble could be avoided II electric
lighting and power companies would
take pains to place their poles and
string their wires 80 rs not to Interfere
with the ornamental trees along their
lines.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

Another woman with considerable
ginger to her was u Kickapoo In.
dian named kaniadia--and mark that
We use the honorable name Of woman.
no. the degraded one Of "squaw." It
seems that the contractor of the Cboc.
taw Railway In Oklahoma, wished to
build his road through her property.
She would not consent to the arrange.
ment unless the contractor would Sign
an indemnifylng bond Of $1,000. The
company refused to como to her terms
or to arbitrate matters and ordered
the contractor to proceed. Thereupon,
KanladIa took up her stand with a
shot gun. on the borders Of her estate,
and refused to allow the workmcn to
proceed. The contractor finding per.
suasIon useless finally signed the bond
and the track.laying was allowed to
70 on unmolested.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03
MAD WITH RAGE and FEAR


ernOr VIII. however. veto tho repeating
bill. His object In including amend.
ments to the libel law In Iris proclaim.
tlon was for the purpose of enabling
the leglslat ure to extend the provisions
OF the newspaper libel law to the stat.
iites relating to Islander by individuals.
the Governor believing that all the
present laws on the subject were not
liberal enough. lie will not tolerate
this step backward. especially when It
Is intended TO shield crime from ex
posture.
Speaker Cochran voted against the
libel bill Inst winter. and claims that
his vote to repeal II was dictated by a
spirit Of consistency. When he hears
from the country press, which asked
Tor the enactment Of the Jones libel
bill. he may change bis views. In their
insune rage ut the city press the gang.
sters forgot all about the country news.
papers. Il. A. Snively, clerk Of the Su.
premc Court. represented the Illinois
Press Association last, winter In tSrg.
Ing the passage Of the Jones bill. whicl,
the House repealed. Mr.. Snively said
that the association. representing NM
newspapers In Illinois, would let.,thc
legislators know that II was on earth.
Having twice defeated a resolution
Of inquiry into their crooked acts dur
Ing the regular session. the gangstcrs are
growing more and more insolent. There
was an implied promise made to the
State Central Committee that uu al.
Journment would be reached before
Aug. Is. Merriam and his resolutions
may yet convince the legislative bri.
gands that there II q God In lsrs,cl.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

ever. she sq,,anlcred money right and
left. As a luntllady she was ideal, II
being her habit every now and then to
send the. tenants receiptcd bills for
their rent. flowers on Easter Sunday.
las ish gifts on Christmas, and at other
times checks for handsome amounts.
Occasionally she would give a house
to friend. In this way the good old
lady managed to squander the S5OO,OOO
In three years. The Wilson heirs are
now trying to get hold Of the scattered
estate. but they will not have half as
much fun as the old lady had In spend.
Ing Il,
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

The number Of English words which
have mo- rhyme In the language Is very
large; five or six thousand ut least are
without rhymes. and consequently can
Ike employed ut the end Of the verse
only BY transposing the accent, coup.
ling them with an imperfect c0nsO.
nance. or constructing an artificial
rhyme out Of two words. Among other
words to which there are no rhymes
may Ike mentioned month. silver. liquid,
spirit. chimney. warmth. gulf, sylph.
music. breadth, width, depth, honor,
iron. echo. When the ordinary rhyme
grinder stumbles over one Of these II
makes him reach for his hair.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1895-08-03

1t Is telegraphed from Washington
that the fusty halls of Congress are
undergoing extensive alterations ana
improvements. Thousands Of electric
lamps are to be put In, that each night
session may glitter like Il ballroom and
all the statesmen he kept awake instead
OF sleeping comfortably. us they would
prefer. New furniture Is to be pro-
vided; the ventilation Is to be imprOv.
cd. and altogether the sta!d congress.
slonal rooms are to be rehabilitated
into cleanliness and an mir Of luxuri-
GUS presentability. Good. Now all that
Is necessary Is that the new Congress
should renOvate and improve the con.
gressiOnal craftsmanship to match the
furnishings