Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1895-05-12

territory. the peace Of Paris established
several notable International principles.
These were the total abolition OF pri-
watering. the principle that blockade
to be binding must be effective. anc the
further declaration that a neutral nag
covers an eBemy's goods, except con-
traband OF war. not liable to capture
under an enemy's flag.
Il was Just before the Paris confer
enc. that Frederick William. Of Prussia.
then already somewhat weak mentally.
wrote the following to the English Min
lister resident: "All direct help which
England, In UNCHRISTIAN FOLLY!
gives to Islam AGAINST CHRISTIANS,
will have. besides Gods avenging judg-
ment (hear. heard. no other effect than
to bring what is now Turkish territory
at a somewhat later period under Rus
sian dominion"
But the Crimean period had brought
new group OF statesmen to the front
Bismarck was devoting himself to the
internal affairs at home. GortschakoR
appeared for Russia both at the pre-
liminary conference OF Vienna and the
final conference OF Paris. Lord Claren-
don represented England. and Cavour
gained the distinction OF having the
House OF Savoy and Sardinia represented
rs a power.
In 1858 the treaty OF Tien-Tsin. fol-
lowed by the peace OF Picking in 1860
opened the interior Of China to trade.
In 1850 the peace OF villefranche and
that OF Zurich, which ended the war OF
Austria against Sardinia and France.
paved the way for the establishment Of
the kingdom OF Italy. Cavour surren-
dersd Savoy and Nice TO Louis Napoleon,
but gained ModeDa and the Papal States.
IA .t,s h., 1,
final peace which gave Italy to Victor
Emanuel.
THE PEACE OF VIENNA.
In 1854 the peace OF Vienna gave Schles-
wig Hols,ein TO Austria and Prussia. and
the peace OF Prague In 1866 Inundated
Austria by the loss Of its Danish posses
sion. the loss of Venice to Italy. and
the establishment OF the declaration that
Germany unity VAS possible without
Austria In these years the fame OF Bio
marck rose with each Prussian success.
ending with the establishment OF the
Imperial Confederation. Lord Palmerston
was England's great psacemaker during
this period Gladstone and Dlsraeli were
rising into fun view. while In France
the names OF Theirs. Olivier, Favre.
Gambetta. and Rochefort were becoming
famous In 1867 the London conference
averted a war over the Luxembourg Ques-
ton between France and Germany. but
only for a few years. In 1871 the peace
OF Frankfort on the Main destroyed the
military power of France. deprived that
nation OF Alsace and Lorraine. and made
n reality OF German unity. Theirs had
met bismarck.
In 1873 the peace of San Stefano ended
the Russo-Turliish war and the famous
Congress Of Berlin at which Dlsraeli Sc
cured Peace with Honor" settled the
terms OF European quiet. Lord Salisbury
appeared upon the international chess
board on this occasion and captured Cyp-
rus for Great Britain. Servia, Montenegro,
and Roumania were declared independent.
Russia increased her Asiauc possessions
and Greece secured part OF Eprus and
Thessaly.
THE UNITED STATES AND PEACE
The peace congresses of this century, In
which the Unite States was interested
began with the Tripoli treaty OF 1904, by
the terms of which we deserted an ally
and paid an immense ransom for cap
tured Americans who might easily have
been released II the original plan OF cam