davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
Notice to Owner Before Tar Deed Snall
Issue.

State of South DAkota. .s
County OF Buffalo.
The state OF South Dakota sends greet NJ:
80 y. W. collins.
lou are HEREBY notified that ON the 'h Gay
a., Nnynmhnr A. ". lsaI. tho thcu Treasurer OF
ea.d county OF Buffalo exposed fer sai1. and
sole the Ioilow ing real - Il e.. 10 WIZ: H"ti"
half Of south hMtseciiou fifteen IN i"Nhsn =
one hundred eight, ran-e severn, "'N' 81 .,H
pm IN ihe State Of south Dakota, for lht
taxeos for lie year III. then d"c and G.i"
ouent thereon thlt al sali lirc ANA rI &C. ~ !
II. punlop. The undersigned, 'l'ihe ana i"' OF
said taxes, Interest AMI costs. due lhtte"h,
fourteen and % l0O dollars, aud J. 10" iAc
ia i. ful owner and holder OF the tc'i'"ral' o.
Purchase therefor, ana tnat : H-li "i lt.
dcmption viii expire and q Cc''t l'F s'l ia" 4"
be MADE within sixty days from lh' "aiv a.
com p.eted service OF this uONcc on Not
kEK g.. Di MOP,
BY +. l.. Drury At- At'vlh'l'
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

Send twelve cents in postgage
stamps to 80 Corcoran Building,
Washington, ID. c., and You will
receive four copies of Kate Field :
Washington. containing matter OF
special interest. Give name and
address. and say where You saw
thls advertisement.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
NOTICE..

OrNcE or COMMISSIONER OF Scnooh AND I'A'
Lie LAMBS.
Notice 10 nereby given. that on me lNth u'E
nf March bs&5. al the ,IlsoId anu uhi ne"
Sehool lands IN he Counts OF bun"!o "'. -,
o1Lc red for lease TO rbe highest bidder, al ilh'
Iic auction a; rhr front door Of The court ho3St
In sal6 county. Said LEASING win be htId Dc
tw esn The HOURS OF ten O'Clock n. M. anu hty
decor n. 10. Cd each day, until al tie tracts
III sohutN bands have been offered lor lta>c'
Ptorre, south Dakota, Jannary On, l.,3
THO>. u BUrtl.
CamaniesionsI OF School ana upHC A'Hu9'
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.

Land Office at Chamberlain. South Dakota
January 18Th, 1890.
Notice Is hereby given that the to'lowlne'
named settler has filed notice Of his intention
to make final proofin support Of his claim, ana
that said proos will be made before the CLERK
Of the Circuit Court fer Buffalo county, south
Dakota. at Gam Valley, the county sea'' on
Saturday. February 23rd, 1925. VIZ:
GEORGE W. FLlCh.
Homestead Entry No. 129. for the lois lhree l"l
and four a. and south half % of norm Wesl
quarter (NWi4) section J, township }" ~
range Is west.
He names the followlng witnesses 70 prove
his continuous residence upon ana 'uiJNa'ioh
OF. sand land, viz; Leon lhorn. " IMAM italnF'
Ban Kelly, Johu Danberc. al OF Dean. So
mai CLANh ;. o +.
Register.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
Notice 70 Cwncr Beiore Tax D. q <ha
Issue

state o, Sus nj Eoia
CuiAty 90 nuaat".
phv STATE OF >outI i.Ao;l SENDS ei-ct;ng;
TuJsW tA",Vt
Of November 4. -. 49,. tive tA-n lgc-st.ct e..
sald COM. OF nt1I,p cY?p-c'4 ior sac. "h"
ssld Ine 10. uA!.. 4et! c>'l,v. tu-Ait; NoI,.
weai 4ua.ter stct4'I t.t IA to"Hs'lp one a."
atcG cigat, range seventy, Wtst "a a,.. L Mail
the state Of south DaAota. ti me taxes 3
tie scar 1871. then due anc dc.lrQIr"tthcle"h
'nAt III SAD lime aGu place her y. p.H41., / I
undersigned bid ihe amount 81 said a-e>, H.
ltrcs. agi Custs, due thUf+on. 'Att,C SIG
sion dOIlai~. and 5 nov the !.N "a tNLti
ano holder Ui the Certificate ot PuEGna-e there
fer. ANA that the right Of redempuou wii. cA.
pir~ and j Goca for said Land Viii tc mace,
unless ret,m from SUCH sale he ma,
Within sixty DAYS from The date VI cJ4ple,cd
service OF his notice oL yOu.
hER d. DUNLOP,
By z. l. Druly. his attorney.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

Inc NoST remarkable cures OF
Scrofula on record have been ac>
compllshcd by Hoods Sarsaparilla
Tins medicine Is unequalled tor
diseases of the blood Take only
Hoods.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

l1rriNg rormal sloop cerebral force Is
restored which during the day was con-
Gd&so!. We cannot during wakefulness
maintain al electric supply as fast as
" dis, Is, it, as not only all thought,
bat simple consciousness itself, must
consume something. Those are marvel
on microscopic wrinkles Of electric
.:..lt that @ttond the disruption of the
mi Microscopic rell, when We think. Won
cCtul j. thai carnal cng;nery whose go
lA-, N~rou-lt hy cerebral action, marks
inc sen =. and whose storrins indi-
c.,.- tlt exodus of our Ey,s.-New
4o-k Advertiser.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
NOT so HARD AS 1T SEEMS.

The idea of being able to invent something strikes
Company will dispel. 1t desires to get into the head of
the public the fact that the things which seem so absurdly
trivial that the average citizen would feel ashamed 10
bnng them 10 the attention of the Patent Office are the
most valuable. tits the simple things and small inven-
tons that make the greatest money, and the complex ones
are seldom profitable. Almost everybody at some time
or another conccives an idea which il patented would be
dismissed without thought. The simple inventions like
tie car-window which could be easily slid up ami down
without breaking the passengers back, the saucepan,
collar-button, nut-lock, botte-stopper, uspcnicrbutton
hook, buckle, and snow-shovel are things that every one
sees some way OF improving upon, and it is such simple
Inventions that bring the creates, returns to the author.
The prize we offer will be paid whether the application
has been acted upon by the Patent Office or not. Every
competitor must apply for 4 patent on his invention
through us. and whether he secures the prize or not, the
inventor wall have a valuable patent. Send Tor circulars.
Enr tlrfhcr narri-itlars 1870.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

lIooD's PILLS are hand made, and
perfect III proportion and appear
ance. 25c.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
PRIZES ON
HOW TO GET $4,000 AND
PERHAPS MAKE A

We secure patents, and, to induce people T. keep track
of their bright ideas, give away one hundred dollars on
the first # every month TO the person who submit, the
most meritorious invention during the preceding month.
We will also advertise the winning invention free Of
charge IN the National Recorder" a weekly newspaper
Published IN Washington. II. c., which has an extensive
circulation throughout the United States, and Is devoted
., the II ,ares,s ~ ;uvap,orc
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

Fhe Popul.
~ can be l
wa
| South /
Smit,
for Il
lhT an ~.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
EsMl


| nc" NV |
Z. t. Lang
pee "P''"''' =
| The eSSl1
new ed
| Mrs. A. j.
lutte Ill Tor 5
Pvering'
Quite a n"
be sick list Y
kst week.
Is. Robb'
!. .iillett VIC
~ Yesterday
" Ill heh
bought out 4
TT OF the W.
| Tom Weiss
Rop in the \
pd Is dong
IThe storm
\ over the
BIS cYcoptlol
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

DR.. Prices Cream Baking Powies
Most Perfect Made.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07
Will Not

Berlin 81
committee
Solialistic
which was
the public
Socialist II
who refused
Emperor r
4, has l'eiec
cute Herr. /
utterances.
Bills to
Washingt,
tices Dayey,
ouisiana d.,
troi bill
OF the Unite
ufacture in
Tor in the Nc
all sugars pre-
t had not bee
he repeal Of
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

THE %lIterar
|e question
ehou,l
himself
/ Goveruln
licntSl
-.
(..,, l. T.
['.,',y,r,
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1895-02-07

The Illinois Central Railroad Compad
oilers Tor sale on easy terms and at \
prices, 100, 600 acres of choice fruit, n
denin2, farm and grazing lands located
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
HONOR ROLL
OF HENLEY SCHOOL FOR THE SIXTH scHo-
 LAsTIC MONTH.

OF HENLEY SCHOOL FOR THE SIXTH scHo-
 LAsTIc MONTH.
 Seventh grade-Victor Wertheimer, An uie Lee Ashley, Wilson Cecil, Letha May, Margaret Benners, Adele Hochstadter, Cyrus Brown. Mary Fannie Henry.
 Sixth grade (a)-William Sholl, Fan nie Olim, Ruth Alexander. Clarine Buell. i, Bessie Harris, Annie Gluck, Mary Rumph.
 Sixth grade (b)-Lida Riley, Forrest Me- Miller, Ossian Drake, Thomas Mcknight, Linda May Handley, Elnora Beggs. Nora Puckett, Edna Sheen, Katie Hammer.
 Firth grade (s)-Fannie Shapiro, Helen Henry, Laura Rickert, Mamie Lively, Bessie Enslen, Wardiow Handley, Trim bie Broadway, William McGaskey, Archie Bailey, Mabel McMannon. ;
 Fifth grade (e)-M ortiiner Jordan, Wil- liam Davidson, Emory Pesoles, Wright Thompson, Frank Waite, Lydia Hengle, Corinne Hochs adter, Marcelle Kloiz, ,jeHn- etto Mayer, Louise keid, Rachael Joseph.
 Fourth grade (a)-Leonard Hall, Alice Mount, James Davidson, Raymond Klotz, Charles Hochstader, William Angel, Rosa kloizman, Rubie O 'keefe, Lllie Charlson, !, Rosa Wear. Fourth grade (b)-Floy Cecil, Sam Alt. man, MabelIe Koden, Net.ie Lynch, Jim mic Waite, Rebecca Olim, Nellie Pool, Aline Cole. 5i Third grade (a)-Lure Heaton, Sadie  Glide Wnatley, Isaac Gluck. = Thi,d grade (b)-Isabei Bates, Erie Ad- ams, Estelle Joseph, Mary Mcconnell, Jo- sephine Mcknight, Nora Mcknight, Louise Rosser, Cora Waddell, Gertrude Well, Min nie Lazarus, Irby Baly, Merlin HerzIeld, Myron Lazarus.
 Second grade (a)-John Fox, John Mayer, rallulah Knauff.
 Second grade tb)-Sarah Herman, Ned McCrossin.
 Second grade (c)-Roben Hickman. Wi ley Puckett, Fred Phillips, Ida shapiro, Irene Cole, Jennie B. Handley, Julia Maggie Russell, Nellie Rembert.
 First grade (a)--Jennie Wagner, Lucille Davidson, Maggie Fiemmipg, Augustus Scharff, Edith Fox, Irene II satn.
 First grade (o)-Chester Wilson, Oscar Welch, Lawrence Christison, Helen Jan nette, Maggie Shrewsbury, Blanche Love- man, Corinne Steele, Irene Spiro.
 First grade (c)-Melvlle Sommers, Ethel Lutz, Floreccs Davidson, Mary Ware, William Collier, Rufus Sommervile, Neita Ware, Jack Bailey, Jennie Mealing, Ary May Laird, Annie Herman, Hubert Smith, Annie Trigg F. NJ. ROOF, Principal.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
The '. s. Govt Reports show Royal Baking Powder superior to aU others.
WHOLESALE RAIDS.

UNCLE SAM'S OFFICERS RUNNING DOWN
 AND DESTROYING WILDCAT STILLS.
 Internal Revenue Collector Randall has information of raids made by revenue off, cers the early part of the present week, as follows:
 By Deputy Collector J. F. Green in Ce- burne county, near Arbacoochee, one thirty-gallon copper still, with complete outfit, and 300 gallons of beer. The value of the outfit was estimated at S126. The officers destroyed ir, deeming 1t impracti- cable to move i,. No arrests were made.
 The same officer seized and destroyed a forty gallon copper still near Micaville, in the same county. Tho complete distilline outfit, valued at s75, and 5C0 gallons of beer were destroyed, as it was in,practica- ble to remove 1t.
 By Deputy Collector H. P. Allen, as- sisted by deputy marshals, forty gallon copper stlil and outfit and AGO gallons of beer, all valued at about SlO0, were seized near Union Grove, tMarshall county. The officers destroyed the outfit and poured the beer out on the gro und. No arrests were made.
 Deputy Marshal Green and deputy sher. ifs seized nd destroyed a sixty gallon cop per still and equipments near Micaville, CIeburne county, and arrested G. w. Arr riugtop, but released him after destroying g the property. The outfit was valued at about $125. Eighty gallons of beer was poured cut.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
THE PRESIDENT AND BIuErALLIsM.

THE PRESIDENT AND BIWETALLISM.
 It is possible that President Cleveland's views on the monetary question have been misunderstood by many people. It has even been said that he was opposed to the international monetary conference, and that he would appoint as delegates men who would bring the deliberations of the conference to naught. But member or the Cabinet has just said to the Washington correspondent of the Chicago Times Her. aid that the President is warmly in favor of the conference, and hopes that 1t may point the way to international agreement. And he is not so much in love with England as some think, for he favors ignoring that country il it will not consent to the agree ment. He proposes to appoint delegates to the conference who agree with him that Germany, France and the United States are strong enough to control the situation.
 The Chicago Times Herald sees hope in the prospect, as tue following editorial in- dicates:
 If the United States missioners will stand firmly for such united action by other great nations shall leave England alone in it's main Ienance of gold mouometallism there seems little doubt Hat the other nations rep resented will join them. The fr.endliness of France and Germany to bimetall1sm in some form, even though the plan adopted involve minor changes in the historic ratio, affords reasonable assurance that the coming con gross will not, like that at Brussels. end in talk and nothing else. Count Mirbach, one of the most influential men in the German Reichs- tag, and one who enjoys he favor of the Elm peror says: 1T consider the victory of uni yersa bimetallism on an international basis in the next monetery conference inevitable.' If the German delegates act in this spirit, and those of the United states join tremendously with them the success of the international agreement will be assured.
 Conditions, more than theories, have op- erated to promote the eof international bimetaism In England, Germany and France the distress of the agricultural classes has forced action. In the United States con stantly decreasing wages and prices have con- peled study of the money question. and re- lief by international agreement has been ac- cepted by all the most careful students as the only safe way out. President Cleveland will strike popular chord if he selects for his three commissioners to the proposed confer ence men who will mrke earnest and intelli- gent pleas for international bimetallisn,. even against the opposition of Great Britain.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
TWO APRIL STATE ELECTIONS.

The first of this year's State elections takes place in Rhode Island on April 8, when full State ticket aud Legislature will be chosen. The electors will also pass upon a constitutional amendment provid- ing for biennial elections, and in the event of it's adoption Massachusetts alone of the New England States will choose Gov ernor every year. Rhode Island abolished the $300 property qualification for voters two years ago, and likewise decided to do away with the requirement of a majority over all in the election of State officers, and these two features impart much more importance to elections there than for. merly, both in the increase of the vote and in public interest in the party tickets
 year ago Rhode Island returned a Re- publican Governor by 6507 plurality in a total vote of 54, ,s63, and iu 1893 the Demo- crats had a plurality of 155 in total vote of 47, ,l1O, the Legislature eecting under the old system. There are but five Demo- crats in the present Legislature, where in 1893 there were fifty-iour in total mem- bership of 109.
 The State of Louisiana follows Rhode Is- land on April g, and Governor and Legislature will be chosen. At the last State election in 1892 there were two Re- publican tickets, regular Democratic and the Anti Lottery Democratic ticket and the Federal Alliance or Populist. Foster, the Anti Lottery Democratic candidate, had 3S, ,36l plurality over McEnery, the regular Democrat, aud 90, ,029 over Leon- ard, regular Republican, the total vote being 17S,O35, and the combined Demo- cratic vote 120,4 ,412. The present Legisla- lature is composed of 131 Democrats and two Republicans, a reversal of conditions in two States not often met with, and sug- gestive of opportunities for gain by both narfiHa
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
AN INTERESTING SUIT
IN WHICH UNITED STATES SENATOR
 ELECT IS MADE THE DEPENDANT.

IN WHICH UNITED STATES SENATOR
 ELECT IS MADE THE DEPENDANT.
 MACON, Ga., March 27.-A suit of more than local interest was filed in the superior court here this morning. The parties to the suit are Maj. J. F. Hanson. one of the most prominent manufacturers in the south, who is and has been for years one of the strongest protectionists in the country and United States Seuator-elect A. 0. Bacon. The senator is the defendant.
 The suit grows out of the fact that Major Hanson was compelled to pay q bond which he signed three years ago for one of Senator Bacon g clients, the amount of which was about $14 ,000. It is for this amount that he sues.
 Major Hanson sets out that be was in- duced by Senator Bacon to sign the bond on grounds of long friendship, and that Senator Bacon assured him that he could not possibly lose anything.
 He says that Senator Bacon has repeat edly declined to indemnity, him for the loss on the bond. The petitioner asks that the defendant be required to show cause on April 10 before the superior court.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
Do.NOrHING CONGRESS.

Tho advance in the price ot the recent bonds was due to the Knowledge that Con- gress would not be called in extra session. Capitalists are afraid of adverse legislation. h fact, the whole country feels relieved wien there is no danger of disastrous legis- lation. Will the regular session of Con. gress in December unsettle business? Prcb- ably not. It will be do-nothing Con- gress. Neither party has the power to en- act detrimental legislation. The House of Represen tatives is largely Republican, the Populists hold the balance of power in the Senate, and the President is a Democrat. It is hardly possible that all should com bine on any measure that will unsettle business. Can Congress pass any bill over the Presidents veto? The House eau, but not the Senate. Even if the Populists vote with the Republicans in the Senate it will not give the Republicans the necessary two- thirds vote. But suppose enough Demo- cratic Senators slough off from the party aud unite with the Republicans and Popu- lists to give the necessary two-thirds? This is not probable. In fact, the Republicans would not enact any partisan measures if they could. They are going into the Pres idential campaign to win, if possible, and they will not care to be hampered by un- popular legislation. They are afraid of the popular revolution which met the Demo- cratic party last November. The coming Congress will be do-nothing Congress.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
DUPED A WOMAN

WITH A SPURIOUS PIECE OF MONEY AND IS
 NOW IN PRISON.
 Yesterday afternoon Officers Wiggins and Baker arrested and jailed J. M. Beal, a white man, on a charge of passing coun- terfeit money. It is alleged that Beal att tenn pted to pass the spurious coin on one or two different persons, and that he fnaliy succeeded in getting woman to change it for him.
 The counterfeit piece is half dollar of 1893 date, and is one of the pooreat ever ex- hibited at police headquarters. It is light in weight very black and has no ring whatever. The officers think that they have a good case against him.
 Beal is from Anniston, and is attending United States court.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
IN THE COURTS.

Yesterday afternoon the jury rendered verdict for the defendant in the case of E. Lowinsohn vs. the Birming ham Trust and Savings company. This suit was for S70O0 damages. The plaintiff alleged that life insurance policy was deposited with the defendant company to secure a loan of S79. The trust company forwarded the policy to the insurance company's agent at Mont gomery and attached draft for the S79, which amount was collectable on the pol icy. The agent returned the draft npaid, as he had no funds, but stated that It would be paid by the home office in New York. The plaintiff in the meantime had given 8 check on the bank for the S79, and whenit was presented for payment the bank de- ciHed to honor it. Action for $7000 dam ages was begun by plaintiff, who claimed injury to his credit to that amount. Tho trial was begun in the first division of the city court Monday, aud went to the jury about 4:30 yesterday afternoon.
 Second division-J. P. Swift, admins trator, vs. receivers of the Richmond and Danville Railroad company; on trial.
 CIRCUIT COURT.
 Judge Banks adjourned circuit court yes- terday morning until the afternoon out of respect to the memory of the late Judge Box of Ashville, who died at Edwardsville, Cleburne county, Tuesday morning, as stated in the AGE HERALD yesterday.
 MT. A. 0. Lowery was admitted to the bar yesterday by Judge Banks of the cir cult court. Capt. John M. Martin, MT. J. J. Garrett and Mir. John w. Tomlinson conducted the examination of the appii- cant.
 Lehman, Durr & Co. vs. Steiner Bros., assumpsit; plaintiff took a nonsuit.
 Imperial Manufacturing company vs. George Passe company, R. 0. Sackhoff & Co.,, garnishee; jury and verdict for the garnishee.
 W. T. Mann vs. George M. Morrow, damages; on trial.
 UNITED STATES COURT.
 Julia F. Mackinson vs. Richmond and Sam Hudson; jury and verdict for the de- Julia F. Mackinson vs. - Huffstutler and William Morton; dismissed as 10 Huff stutler and jury and verdict for Defendant Morton.
 George Jeffries vs. Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad company; dismissed and de- fendant taxed with the costs.
 Maggie B. Smith vs. United States Life Insurance company of New York; settled and dismissed.
 John L. Baker vs. Southern Express company; on trial.
 INFERIOR COURT.
 In the inferior criminal court yesterday morning Cass Leake was fined $10 and costs for disorderly conduct.
 Henry McAvoy was fined s5 and costs for disorderly conduct.
 J. Klein, charged with disorderly con- duct, was fined $5 and costs.
 Albert Lacy, charged with drunkenness, was fined $5 and costs. sa
 Susie Mack, charged with abusive lan- guage, was discharged.
 Bill Henderson, who was charged with trespassing on the property of the Louis- vile and Nashville Railroad company, was discharged.
 Sam Haran was discharged for assault and battery.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28
SWEPT BY A CYCLONE

Of appreciation to the pinnacle of popu- larity, Hostetter's Stomach Bitters has acquired a commanding position, which has occasionally made it bright and shin- ing mark for knaves, who seek to foist upon the community spurious compounds in the guise akin to that of the real article. These are mostly local bitters or -tonics of great impurity, and, of course, devoid of medicinal efficacy. Beware of them and get the genuine pitters, real remedy for malaria, rheumatism, kidney trouble, dyspepsia, nervousness, constipation and blliousness. Physicians of eminence everywhere commend the great invigorant, both for it's remedial properties and it's purity. A wineglass thrice day will soon bring vigor and regularity to disordered and ep feebled system.
Birmingham age-herald., 1895-03-28

MR. ASA FRENCH, who was a member of the Geneva Award Commission, made a speech the other day before the Hardware Association of New England that met in Boston, and related several incidents con- nected with the Alabama claims. He said tue Geneva commission agreed that England must pay this country damages for the destruction to Federal ships wrought by the Confederate cruiser. The vote of the commission was unanimous,
 only the British member dissenting. The award was S15, ,5OO, 900 in gold. This amount of gold would weigh twenty-eight and one.half tons, and great fears were felt in Englapd that if so much gold was sent out of the country l. would interrupt the circulating medium. But plan was