Smyrna times., 1895-04-03
HOW TO SAVE POTATOES.
RECENT INVESTIGATION RprNcs nom
A METHOD FOR ROUTING THE
sCAB DISEASE.
CRAFTING FOR GRAPE CROPS
0NVEkAL WAYS OF IMPROVING poop
YIELDS BY JOINING VARIETIES
SOIL AND IT'S ELEMENTS A RIG
FACTOR IN FERTILIZATION

ne FACTOR IN FERTILIZATION.
or
So Potato scab is very common disooo,
ed ana one about which much has bee,
nd written OF late years, yet it is evidant
it. 'naC neither the true nature of the dis
rls ease nor the remedies tbereforo o.,
IN, generally understood bv the far,oar. :,
ng TINS State. Some believe that tbo
scaOOy condition of the potato is cansed
I'd ny some mechanical condition of tho
be SOIL which is unsuited to the nronor
n development of the plant-sucb as too
ar much water or too heavy clav-wbila
others maintain that this condition ia
IF uue TO the presence of certain insacts
g, IN the soil. 1t has been clearly der,o,
a. Strated that none of these causes are
2 euhclent In themselves to produce the
q ulsease, but that it is of a bacterial M.
d lure and is caused by the presence of y
E. minute plant organism. either in 49,
d SOIL or on the seed potato, which at
d Iacks the surface of the young ero1v-
Il ing tuber, eventually causing N.
e roughened, unsightly appearance of
the potato From the nature of the
s ulsease 1t is evident that scabbv pota.
: Toes VIII, under favorable conditions
y cause the disease to develop in the
= new growth in any kind of soil bonoo
t In selecting potatoes for planting it he
, comes an important matter to select !
!, only such tubers as are apparently free
from the disease as is shown hv ,boob
sence OF the roughened surface. Bpt
even these may contain germs of the
disease, If they have been brought
into contact with diseased tubers
hence 1t will be well to treat the"seed,'
with some fungicide before plantino.
Corrosive sublimate has iieen found to
DC the most effective substance for this
purpose.
The Indiana Experiment Station
conducted, during the past season. ex-
Perlments upon two kinds of soil and
with three objects in view: First to
ascertain whether or not the disease i |
developed more rapidly in a muddy +
SOIL than in sandy loan; second. to
discover to what extent a single cron
of scaoby potatoes may render the soil
unit for future crop; third, to note
the effect of corrosive sublimate treat
ment In the yield. The varieties so. v
lected for experiment were State of fl
Maine and Beauty of Hebron. The G.
results of the investigation were as fol. 8
lows: First, five per cent. of scab. both Il
In the treated and the untreated but a,
especially in the latter, was very much D,
greater In the muck than in the sandy iu
loan. Second, a sufficient number Of U
germs remained in the soil from the
previous years crop TO cause a very C,
perceptible increase OF scab in the cron M
of the following season. Third the as
per cent. OF scabby tubers gradually
with the length of time they were in
the solution of corrosive sublimata
previous to planting, The solution ~ ~
used was made by dissolving two ounces -. -
Di suollmate in sixteen gallons of water. G.
Falriy good results in the same direc- -,
lion are also obtained by using a soln. rs rs
-ion consisting of six pounds of copper
four pounds OF quick lime d.
md thirty-fve gallons of water. NJ
GRAFTING TO IMPROVE YIELDS. w;
Inc average yield of grapes in good
ears is about one and three-fourtbs c.
ons per acre, which is about one-balf She
be yield of the best vineyards. This LIE,
Nv average is due to many causes, the sha
nncipal one being the persistent grow C.
lg of unproductive varieties. The Bla,
LOST ready means of correcting this
ult is to graft the Improbable variet. NJ
8 out growers are, in general, ignor- NJ,
IL OF the process, In order to acouaint n"
'oducers OF grapes with the best pro- o..
sses of grating the New York ex.
Station has just issued a bull
Tin on the subject. Concerning the L.
oper season for grating, the majority D.
those who have had practical experi. -
O ,ooa4 49, carly spring is Jam,
onld ho -, nc graft bird,
mas begun, and the first warm davs
March are generally selected as the u
,s Tbo o.uli. =" many sea- Thou
CRAFTS ara -, ping '"aV Y. FL
cbanoas of Oe''e' are Trua
owed for 0'so' .', % 'Ioie 'iine Is Wilt
,left orac,;n.. ;. paw Greek
tbod ond -. - '-'O'' 'ONi' i'ion Sus
form Of orar, - 0sO Success- With
ing OF the vine from three to five "''N ~,
leS below the surface of the soil ~ u-
ying a sinh int u,t;oL '-0 '0''' pillior
is or cutting may be inserted. The u.s., = u1,
D should be split to the depth of a
! two inches to receive the cions,
ch, 10 turn, should carry two buds. Iho
cuts forming the lower end of the ments
s into wedge should begin a little tnan
ance below and on each side of the OF bol
Or bud on the ciOn. The desired hao be
/ is then oarefullv in.o..oa :. his ba
1T angle into the central axis of the item
, thus allowing the tops of the cions nent y
can slightly away from the stub nau De
trom each other. After insertion uaeuici
zion should be buried SO that only 40 cur
,ch remains pnoovaroa "A nei
cit grating or partially severed SICK ~
doea aot require the complete re-. boy WI
and under similar corditions ofFars they W,
" as good chances Of success as ing
the ordinary cleft graft is. used. balm al
Is process q horizontal cut is made 0otti'
At half way through the stock and week.
ond cut,one to three inches above, ton q Il
removing wedge-shape piece
the side of the stem by cutting Cloth,
I'd and downward. In case the seperate
ngs die the original vine is not to lie to,
nd continues to bear fruit. late.