Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1895-06-27
A MORMON LESSON.
An INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM THAT WAS
FOUNDED BY a GENIUS.


brigham Young Chose Tor the Corner
stone az state the sound Principle Of
yndustsialssm~w what He Did with the
Problem OF Irrigation.
On July Il, 1917, President Young
and his fellow pioneers passed through
tic picturesque outlet of Emigration
canyon into the valley Of the Great Salt
lake Utah was then Mexican soil, and
the leader believed he could found what
ever character OF institution should suit
him and his people. In the bitter anti
Mormon crusades of the past it has been
alleged that Brigham Young had chains
ON mems souls. /" There is no doubt that
religious superstition, rendered effective
by the marvellous machinery of the
church, was partly the source of the
leaders irresistible power with his own
people, but back of the religious super
stition and the church organization
stood the brain Of great and masterful
man. He knew that his power, TO be
enduring, must rest upon something
material and tangible, and this some
thing he discerned to be the prosperity
OF the people themselves,
Brigham Young was an organizer Of
prosperity. This was the real source of
his strength. He did not aim at mere
temporary prosperity. On the contrary.
he fought everything that tended to that
end, going to the length of actually for
bidding the opening of the rich mines in
the mountains pear at hand, because he
abhorred the spirit OF speculation. He
chose for the cornerstone of his state the
principle of industrialism, and that prin-
ciple hes there yet, at the base Of a mo-
bic edifoe Of economic fact, reared by
human toll and held firmly in place by
the average prosperity Of all who had
part in its building. If the great archi-
tect and the superintendenls and fore
man who surrounded him enjoyed
larger share of the profits than the work
mon, il is also true that the humblest
newer of stone and carrier OF mortar was
paid in proportion TO the Importance OF
his labors And what fair mind can OBJ
ject to an industrial system that yields
these results?
So far rs can be learned, Brigham
Young had no previous knowledge OF ir-
rigation when he entered Salt Lake val
ley. He quickly realized that he had
come to an arid country, which would
be hopeless for agriculture unless arti
fcially watered. With marvellous percep-
ton, he saw that irrigation was not
drawback, but an advantage OF the most
important sort. He realized that it
meant freedom alike from the dangers of
the drought and of the flood. He discov-
cred that, having a rich soil and ample
sunshine. and adding moisture by the
construction of bitches, it was actually
an improvement upon nature to be able
to turn the train" either ON or off with
equal facility. And therefore he rightly
concluded that he had found in these
conditions the basis Of the most certain
worldly prosperity and the most scien-
tific agriculture.
1t remained for later genius to re-
mark: Irrigation is not substitute for
rain. Rain is a substitute for irrigation,
and mighty poor one" But If the
Mormon leader did not say so he evil
IDENTIFY felt it. He perceived, further
more, that irrigation was much more
than an insurance policy upon the crops.
1t brought all the processes Of agricul-
ture within the realm of known facts,
and that is science.
1t even rendered possible the control
Of the size of vegetables, and this be-
came important many years afterward,
when the Mormon people added great
sugar factory to their industrial system,
for it is important to grow sugar beets
of about standard size to get the best
results. Moisture is required to give the
beet vigorous growth at the beginning,
but when it is we'll started weeks of I'M
interrupted sunshine are desirable In
order to develop the saccharine qualities.
Much sunshine at the wrong time dries
up the crop, while much moisture at the
wrong time produces beet pleasing to
look upon, but Improbable at the fac
tory
Brigham Young also realized, almost
at the first, that the necessity of careful
irrigation largely increased the labor
upon an acre of land, but he found that
this labor was generously rewarded by
the increased yield both in quantity and
quality. And from this fact he drew
the most important principle of his
commonwealth, which was the division
of land into small holdings. Closely re-
lated to this is the other twin factor in
Mormon prosperity-the diversification
of farm products to the last degree.
Natural conditions, even where there
is the most abundant and well distribut
ed rainfall, are often favorable to the
production Of only few crops. But the
Mormons realized that the skillful ap-
plication of water Just where and when
needed, and in just the right quantity,
and by the very best method, rendered
possible the widest variety Of fruits,
vegetables and cereals suited to the tenn
perate zone. Thus Brigham Young
taught the people that no man should
own more land than he could cultivate
to its highest point by his own and his
family's labor, and that no man should
60 to store for any article of food or
clothing that could be proftably pro-
duced ON his own small farm. -" The
Conquest Of Arid America. by William
E. Smythe, in Century,
Toughened.