davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31
Tho Crime OF a Century"

san Francisco. July 0.--Judge Murphy's
court room looked as IL the Durrant trial
were In progress today. but 1t was not.
Instead, the actors and managers or the
Aicazar theatsr held the boards IN an
enGeavor 10 show why they should not
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

ST Petersburg July so-The dowager
cnarina Of Russia. Grand Duke George.
the czareWltgh. "a hose health continues
unsatisfactory. aHd Grand Duke Michael
have started for Denmark
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31
THE SEATTLE SPIRIT ABROAD.
six Thousand Men to BE Put ut Work
on Panama Canal.

New York. July 2o.A special to the
World from Colon says the Panama
Canal Company intends to employ 5000
hands Immediately.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31
Missionaries Dead of Cholera.

New York, July 3O.-A cable dispatch
has been received at the rooms of the mis-
sonary society of the Methodist Episcopal
church announcing the death from cholera
in India of Rev. and Mrs. August kull-
man
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31
The Price of Nails Advanced.

Pittsburg, July 3o.--The Wire Nail Man
ufacturers' Association viii advance the
price Of nails so cents per keg in the price
lists that will be sent out next Thursday.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31
senator stewart In tured

Washington City. July Ex-senator
Stewart. OF Nevada. met with a painful
accident tonight. In alighting from
car his knee caught In the baelle, dis
locating his kneecap.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

bridges beGow the city e cut on because
Of the high water. but bridges are al m
tact. The river Is higher than II mas oeeh
since 1871.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31
Lightning DESTROYS a spokane Mil.

Spokane. July 3o.-Lightning struck the
planning mill of f. r. Childs at O'Clock
this morning. setting II on fire and COM
pletely destroying IL. The loss is $500
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

san Francisco. July 3a-Tnited States
District Judge Morrow today rendered 4
decision la the cases so the Arago sailors
who demanded that thev b. granted their
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

The last step In the retirement OF Arch
bishop kenrick. 81 -. Louis. was taken
Saturday. when Judge Russell. OF the cir
Gait court. Invested the aged preate Of
hls property rights and conveyed them TO
Archbishop J. Kahn
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

4sPet Cigarettes Are the Rest,
Smokers who are willing 70 pay a little
more find this saying true one.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31
In the Morning

AZ this season many people complain
that they are tired. and that the night
has not given them rest and sleep. IL -
because the blood Is not IN the right con-
dttion. II should be purified. enriched
and vitalixed aud given nourishlng power
by the use of
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

III, p,U, the after-dinner pill and
llpVi Ills family cathartic. 25c.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

which is the one great blood purifier BY
making pure. rich blood. Hoods Sarsapa-
riIla overcomss That Tired Feeling.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

1.-The old Dominion
Is the latest novelty IN cigarettes.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

= elsarettes a. &c -.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1895-07-31

ANY tendency Of eold toward pneumonia
is prevented hv Chamberlain's Cough Rem
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30

is this feeling rather than. any real OBJ
jections to the Readers, that causes the
persistent fight that is made against
their introduction.
The proposition of Crane & Co. pro-
vides for free exchange, SO that the
change from the old books to the nsw
may be made without any expense what
ever to the children. The additional
benefits will be, the price of the set is 20
per cent less than the present prices of
readers in use, and there win be very
material benefit resulting from the chill
dren using books made by their own
friends at home. GEO. w. CRANE.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30

would be an acquisition TO a scientific
library; but as a school book it is en-
tirely too heavy for a child in the
fifth grade. Language is used which is
entirely too deep. and there is danger of
unsettling the ideas OF a child for life
Sentences are used which should be
avoided instead of taughL The book is
without rules, and bad thing in the
hands of an incompetent teacher.
McGuffey's Fourth Reader is too light;
and there is an absurd jump from McGuf-
fey's Fourth to the Harper's Fifth as
used in the Topeka schools.
The "New Normal readers are also
subject to criticism. The subject matter
10 some places is entirely too light. For
instance the lesson on page Al of the
Third Reader. commencing with the
sentence. "Oh dear! 1 want a little
Carp The lesson would he suitable for
the First Reader, but is child.sh through
out The First Reader is without any
diacriticaI markings, except the last
twenty pages, wherein tho vowels
only are marked. There are very
questionable morals taught and bad
grammar, such, for instance, as: This is
the way many boys and girls get into diff
ficulty-the get a-going and cannot stop.
The boy that lies began first by stretch :
ing the truth little to tell large story
or to relate an anecdote with little va
Ration, till he got a-going. and couldn't
stop till ne came out a full-grown liar. !"
Or: 'tJohnny Blair thought it fine fun,
but not SO the chickens. when his corn
stalk came threshing about their sides
and heads. He didn't feel hurt 1t was
all the same to him whether the corn
stalk hit the chickens or the tub" Or
the following in regard to teaching
dog: 81 tied dead chicken around his
neck, beat him, shut him up all
day in Toulouse, where
visited him several times,
pointed to the chicken, and repeated
how naughty he was" Or this choice
selection:
You bumpkinsl who stare at your brother
Behold what respect to cloddy is paid
And be joyful to think, when by death you're
You've Chance to the grave like gemman
to go!''
other short comings have questions for
the pupil which are not taught or allud-
ed to in the lessons, and numberless 9TH
er faults and failings, too numerous to
mention. 1t would require a column of
small type to recite all of them.
And so it is all through the list. 'There
are none perfect-no, not one."
The Excelsior Readers have been tried,
and not found wanting They are well
graded; the selections are moral and
patriotic. The readers published by the
big Eastern houses are made to sell all
over this country, and are very delicate
about touching on the subject of patriot
ism, because of the feeling in the South
OF lessons that teach patriotism and love
of country, there are in McGufey's Read
ers four, in Appleton's six, in Barnes
fourteen, in Harper's nine. in Swinton's
eight; while in the Excelsior there are
fifty.
Next Monday our School Board will
probably adopt the Excelsior readers.
There will continue to be a determined
and relentless fight against such adop-
t on by the big Eastern companies and
their hired men. There is IA strong de-
termination on their part that no
nea0 opposition shall spring up; and it
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30
PREACHER KILLED HER.

Ran Down a Member of His Church on
His bicycle.
ADRIA.7, Mich, Sept. 90-The Rev
Mr.. Hudson, a prominent Baptist cler-
gyman, who for many years held a
charge at Hillsdale, accepted call TO
the church at Tecumseh a few weeks
ago. Thursday night, after the Gus
tomary service, he started home on his
BICYCLE. At a dark street crossing he
collided with Miss Woodland, SO years
old. who was walking home from church
unattended. She was picked up uncon-
scious and died last night. The unfortn-
nate pastor is Frustrated with grief
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30

R1arl<o4c One lot full size heavy Blankets in
9A@EHNSSSo scarlet gray and white, qualities
that worth today $3.50 and $500. We offer you
choice Of the lot at $268
Another lot fine Blankets, consisting of white and
light and dark gray full size, only few a little
soiled. Value $3.50 and $500 at hard pan prices We
offer the choice to those who in time at $368
Extra size fine silver gray white Blankets, very
heavy and strictly pure wool warp and filing Cannot
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30
KANSAS CITY AND RETURN

SANTA FE ROUTE.
Kansas City Interstate Fair.
Kansas City State Fair.
/ REST of Pallas Parade.
Karnival Krewe.
One fare for the round trip; good on
all passenger trains.
Special trains returning from Kansas
City after the parade, October l.
Sewing Machine sale.
l have nearly fifty Standard Rotary
Shuttle Sewing Machines that vial sell
on easy payments, at reduced price.
from now till October 10th. Do not MISC
this chance to obtain one of the finest
sewing machines ever made.
Z. w. HUGHKs,
1o7 East Fifth St, Opposite Postoftice.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30

The Y. w. &. A. Physical Culture class,
nntfer the direction of Miss Ida Gertrude
RUSSELL will open Wednesday, October
2nd, at 7:30 p. m, at her rooms in the
Masonic building. Terms for the course,
one lesson per week for nine months, Sc,
payable in advance
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30
CZAROWETZIS D. ING.

But the Czarina is Expe ctcd to Furnish an
Heir to Russia Throne.
LONDON, Sept. 30.-The Czarowitz, the
Russian emperor's next younger brother
and the proclaimed heir presumptive TO
the throne, evidently is in the last stages
of consumption. He is hardly expected
to survive the winter. The czarina's con
dition, however, promises an heir 0
heiress to the throne within Il few months
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30
KANSAS CITY AND RETURE

SANTA FE ROUTE.
Kansas City Interstai Fair,
Kansas City State Fair.
Priest of Pailss Parade.
Karnival Krewe.
Gao fare for the round trip; good on
all passenger trains.
Special trains returning from Kansas
City after the parade, October 1.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30
OF Man

And the lad REPLIED "The
the GOLDEN looking just have full and
complete line of fall hats expressly for this leading
Hummer" named; hat our trade
and
prices
from 50 upward We
your elegantly cheap.
ly than
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30
The Chief End

In health thing money
You wearing
the
light it time the
ing all protect gray your up
There appearance
of
was asked by his teacher what
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1895-09-30

DAdnNetS. cts, as good as ever were sold at
75c, for Sc
sixty pairs gray Blankets heavier quality, worth
fully $1.25, at 88c.
Fifty pairs nice tan Blankets, good weight 81 10,
worth all Of $14O
64x76-inch full 5pound gray Blankets, s1.58.
They will be fully 1920 later
Our Blankets were all purchased long before the
recent rise in prices We wouldn't hesitate moment
to buy twice many more at the same price but
fhdf o would o De bs R nf 0y ole
first lot you are welcome all that have saved you
by judicious and timely buying.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28

Washington's greatest morning
daily. The Post, has just added to
its already mangnificent equipment
q new three-decker Scott press.
This is the latest and most perfect
press made. 1t has "a capacity of
twenty-four thousand ten-page pa.
pers, or sixteen thousand twenty
page paper per hour. All of which
comes from the press folded and
ready to be bundled for the mails.
To one not familiar with the fast
presses, this great printing
machine is an almost incOnceivable
thing. AT one end the white paper
is unwound from a huge roll, and
at the other the printed and folded
papers are passed out at the rate
of four hundred per minute. 1t
taxes a small fortune to own such
press, as the cost of same was
about forty thousand dollars. This
great Investment WIS made
necessary by the exingincies of in
creasing business in both the Daily
and Weekly Editions of the Post
In these times, when all sorts Of
business are so Immediately at.
fected by national legislation, PEG.
pie all over the country are awak.
ing to the necessity of taking 8
newspaper printed at the Capital
and containing the fullest legisla-
tive news. With TIMES $l.3O in
advance.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28
HOW FAST DO YOU LIVE,

The pace ut which Americans
live is admitted to be quite the re-
verse of tortoise-like,-has indeed
become so rapid that an important
question at the present time is,
"How Long Can This Present
Last~ This question is answered
by such well-known authorities
as Edwin Gould, Charles Dana
Gibson, Judge ]. f. Daily, Williams
Wetmore Story, Prof. Edwin
Checkley, and DIR. Mary Walker,
in Demorest Magazine for March
and every one should read what
they say. A decidedly "sweep ar
ticle "Sugar time among the Ma
PIES" will appeal to all lovers. of
delectable amber syrup, twin with
the buck wheat cake. The Illus
trations with this are especially
fine, and also those with humor-
article, "Some Color Sketches"
which treats Of negro types indig-
enous to our Southern States.
GLOW to play the Piano without a
teacher" is another of those helpful
articles conveying instruction for
which DemOrest is noted. The
story matter is bright and timely
"Sanitarian" treats of allow Food
Affects Temperament" and it
would pay many people to read it,
and perhaps induce them to mend
their ways in that matter of food.
Boys will be interested in how to
make "a Spinning Kite" which
will rise higher fly farther, and be
more fun than any ever made.
Every department is full to over
flowing with good things,-in fast
this is typical number of the ideal
family magazine published by w.
Jennings Demorest, at Is East l4th
St. for only 50. a year.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28
EDITORIAL.
FREDERICK DOUGLASS.

This noted cOlored leader died
last week at his home near New
York He was a noted man and
remarkable in many respects.
The following was handed us for
publication
There will be appropriate ex-
ercises held, in the A. M. q.
Church on Monday night at 7
o'clock p. m. in m emory of the late
.'Frederick Douglass. 1.-THE Progra
consist of
Moderator Rev. c. III. Trusty.
Music.
Invocation Rev. Martin.
Music.
Frederick Douglass, as Slave
Mr.. J. w. Ewing.
Frederick Douglass as Freedman,
Mr.. Bariaum.
Music.
Frederick Douglass as a Statesman
Mr.. p. A. Wallace.
Frederick Douglass As an orator
Mr.. l.. B. Lillard,
Friedrich Douglas as a Leader.
Mr.. j. Davis.
Music.
Exercises begin promptly at !
o'clo k.-Rev. G. II. Trusty chair
man.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28
The M al s.

Knoxville and all other points East, West and
North leaves daily at a, m and 8 p. m
Seaton. Cades Cove Tang, and Tuckaleechee
leaves Mondays and Thursdays ct a. m. re-
turning Tuesdays and Fridays at 419 p, m
Blockhouse. Corn Mckinley, Ellsworth leaves
Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at a. m.
returning the same days at 5 p. m.
Clover Hill, Mint and Yellow Sulphur arrives
Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays at Il;So a.
M, and leaves at p. m. on the same days.
Tut and Cliff arrives Tuesdays. Thursdays
at 1I;9O a. m. and leaves at p. m. on the same
days.
Mail for Bank, Fllejoy, CANDLES Store
No Time, Use5ia and Waters leaves daily at s a.
m. and 3p. m. Montvale Flepniken, Rockford
and South Rockford daily at a, m, only. Big
Gully, Cloyd's Creek, Friendsville, Disco. Ew
ing, Louisville. Miser, Greenback, Meadow
Houk, Brick Mill, Allegheny Springs, Rasar
and Chilhowee daily at $3.50 a. m. and p. m.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28
Advertising Rate.

Reading notices sets per line, unless com
tract is made for one year, when an entire
change can be made every week at cts per
line Special rate where the same notices run
the entire year. Display Ads so cents per
inch per month l inch yr. $500, u col l
mo, 500. 4 col 1 mo. $500 col mo.
$500. 4 col. yr. s2is). Il col. yr. $500
"a col yr $50. col. 1 yr. 5000 Special
position, special rate. All Socials, Entertain
ments from which a revenue is derived will be
charged at usual rate. Obituary notices 8 cts.
per line for Straight matter and cts per line
for poetry Ne discounts from this rate. Char
ges will he made where ad is changed 7Hncr
than monty.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28
NOTICE.

Pursuant to decree of the Chancery Court
for Blount County, Tenn, rendered at the Octo-
her Term, 1894, l will sell to the highest bidder
at the Court House door in Maryville. Tenn,
on the 30th day Of March, 1895, a tract of land
situated in District No. 10, Blount County,
Tenn, containing acres, more or less, and adj
joining the lands of Jno. T. Cummins, and Wi :
hston Cox's heirs, and situated on Lackey's
Creek and Folston river and known as the H,
c. Saffell lot,
Said sale will be made on a credit of six
months, in bar of the equity of redemption. in
the case of J. T. Cdmmins admir-. VS.. Il. ]. Cop
ley ct ais the purchaser to give note with good
security. bearing interest from date of SALE and
lein retained on SAID land for the payment of
the purchase money.
This 10th dry of February, 1895.
W. c. Chumlea,
clerk and Master.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28
Time Tab g.

The Knoxville 4 Augusta Railroad will run
week day trains until further notice as follows:
PASSENGER.
Leave Maryville, 500 a m Arrive Knoxville
800 a. m. Leave Knoxville, $3.50 p. m. Arrive
Maryvie $3.50 p. m.
SUNDAY EXCURSIONS.
Sunday trains will run until further notice as
follows:
Leave Maryville, 100 a. m. Arrive Knoxville
500 a. ~ Leave Knoxville, $50 a. IN Arrive
Maryville, 1880 a. m. Leave Maryville. 400 p. m.
Arrive Knoxville 500 p. m, Leave Knoxville 81
20 p. N. Arrive Maryyille 500,
Fare on Sunday trains will be fifty cents for
round trip.-W. P. Hood, Supt,
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28

From the house Speaker Upton
has honor d himself by the selec-
ton of three of The most popular
and ablest republicans of that body.
Capt. Samuel P. Rowan, of Mary
vile, representing Blount county,
is an able lawyer Of % years prac-
tice and is about so years OF age.
He has served heretofore in both
branches Of the general assembly
aud is a man of strong convictions
an d clear brain.-Athtn ms Athenian
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28

because of Eaglson's color. The
captain consulted the team and
they resolved unanimously that
unless the colored man could be
entertained with them they would
60 elsewhere, which they did.
They were again refused admission
for the same reasons when they
welt to third hotel and found
accommodations.
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28
Other Newspapers.

Club with the TIMES and make it special
rate, because they know it stands up for the
rights of Che people against committees and 9TH
or powers which ottempt to deprive the people
of their sovereignty, The TIMES does not fight
the battles of those in the wrong and will not
champion erroneous doctrines simply to gain
temporary apsrobat;es.s Wo rather ha the
people, than with ten thousand committees.
Read our clubbing list and pry in advance for
the TIMES and get any or ali or all of these pa
The Maryville times. (Maryville, Tenn.) 1884-1944, 1895-02-28

Pay one year in advance and get a
ticket which gives you a chance to get
one of the three plows we are going
to give to our readers.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1895-06-04
SURPRISED BY THE LADIES.
HobOacn Independent Schuetzen
Corps Receive a Present.

The FIoboken Independent Schuetzen
Corps held their regular monthly meet
ing last night at their headquarters in
Holstein's Hall and elected the follow
ing members:-W. Faas, Charles Boch
n william Molitor. The members de-
decided to attend the torch light process
sion of the Hoboken Turn yere.n on the
14th of June when the Turner's celebrate
their thirtieth anniversary.
Some other business was transacted
and the meeting was about to adjourn
when the members were surprised by re-
ceiving a visit from a number of ladies
of the Ladies' Hoboken Independent
Schuetzen Corps, who brought with them
a handsome jardiniere filled with arti-
fetal flowers, resting upon an equally
handsome pedestal. 1t was given to the
corps as a prize to be shot for at their
annual shooting fest which is to be
held June II and Is.
The ladies who made the presentation
Mrs. F.. Rehm. Mrs. F. Erxmeyer. Mrs.
J. .Bodenstein. Mrs. c. Basse, Mrs. T.
Volk. Mrs. Lehman, Mrs. J.. Kluver, Mrs.
Stande, Mrs. j.. Koellisch, Mrs. O.. Klein,
Mrs. O. Helms. Mrs. Grothusen, Mrs. j..
Horstman, Mrs. Vosteen. Mrs. Boschen,
Mrs. Schmidt, Mrs. F.. Meyer, Mrs.
Reinhert,, Mrs. Ipalhuke. Mrs. ], Meyer,
cent?, Mrs. Jack, Mrs. Stems, Mrs.
G~antzberg. Mrs. Rittberg, Mrs. Brem-
mernan. Mrs. Blune.
After the presentation a social session
was held at which refreshments were
served and a good time enjoyed by all.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1895-06-04
HORSE MEAT TN GERMANY.
Ono Effect of Reciprocity Policy
Proved by Statistics.

In view of the prohibition of German
markets to American cattle, the follow
ing statistics furnished by Mr.. E. u. S.
Tingle in a Consular Report relative to
the preparation and sale of horse meat
in Germany may be of INTEREST,"
While exact statistics as to the con-
sumption of horse meat are difficult to
obtain, it would seem that. in the large
cities, it is almost as great as hat OF
beef or mutton. In the smaller cities.
where there still exists some prejudice
against meat of this character, the con-
sumption Is not so great, being apparent
ly about one-third that of beef, but even
in these smaller places 1t is growing
larger German cities will bring to the
attention many meat shops devoted en-
tirely to the sale of horse meat. OF
the poorer classes, but as they comprise
n~ine-tenths of the, consumers Of the en-,
tire country, 1t will be seen it is Of vital
imp0e enter into a9 u their food e eonsu Mnat nae
In the first place, with beef from Ia
to 25 cents a pound. and other tirst-class
meats upon a corresponding scale of
prices, it is only on the rareSt occasions
that the average workman, earning Is
cents or 81 a day, car furnish his family
with the kind of meat the American
The German workman's task is, how
ever, just as exacting as that of his
transatlantic contemporary. He must, if
have as much nutriment, even If it is
Of a coarser nature. The demand exist
ing, therefore, the supply has been
found. It Is horsefesh.
In Germany, the prejudice against
horse meat is fast disappearing. The
workman has found that. for Z cents a
pound, he can procure a food excellent
in every particular, and as the knowledge
grows, the demand for horseflesh grows
with it. But it is beginning to be diff
1cult to keep the supply up to the de-
mand.