davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13
SHALL THE FARMER KRER
THOROUGHBREDSr

This question is asked in a contempo-
rary. What a question to ask in this
age of the world. Might as well ask if
he should keep improved cattle, hogs
or sheep, or if he should procure mod
ern tools and implements. If his stock
is scrub and his implements are primi-
tive, he will not be in it; and if it is
acknowledged that it is worth his
while to keep poultry at all, there isno
other sensible conclusion to arrive at
than that he should keep good poultry.
Poultry breeding, to be a success, must
consist in breeding early maturing
stock, birds that will produce not only
the most pounds, but the best quality
of meat, and that will produce the
most and largest eggs. While it is true
that when eggs are sold by the dozen
the small egg brings as much as the
large one, it does not sell so readily,
and besides, every farm home con-
sumes a great many eggs, and hence
size costs. Now, these results cannot
be obtained, as a rule, from dunghilI
fowls. OF course, if any farmer is de-
termined to neglect his poultry, he had
better keep the cheapest kind. No
breed will do we'll under neglect No
breed can be kept up to its possible or
to satisfactory standard of excellence,
if it is neglected. But supposing that
the farmer means to make his f11ck do
the best that it can, he would indeed
be foolish to keep the dunghilI, which
compares with the thoroughbred as
the sickle does with our modern har-
vesting machinery.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13
WEEKLY WEATHER CROP Bull
LETIN
For the Week Ending Monday, Aug 8,
1895.

1895.
CENTRAL OFFICE, Raleigh, N. G.
The reports of correspondents of the
Weekly Weather Crop Bulletin, issued
by the North Carolina State Weather
Service, for the week ending Saturday,
Aug. 8. 1895, are generally favorable,
except from the eastern portion of the
State. The temperture has been below
normal the entire week, the deficiency
averaging from two to four degrees;
the d Iys have been warm, but nights
quite cool, at least retarding growth if
not otherwise injuring crops. The pre-.
cipitation has been very deficient,
espe cially in the W. stern and Central
districts, where droughty conditions
are beginning to prevail over large Sec
tions. The average rain fall for the
week in the Western district was only
10 inch in the Central about 0 25, in
the Eastern nearly LOO. The east is
not suffering for rain. The lack of rain
is at present affecting chic fly vegetables
and smaller crops, but if continued
much longer will lessen yield of corn.
Eastern District There has been
more rain in this than in other dis
tricts; hence reports are generally
favorable. The days have been quite
warm, with abundant sunshine, but
several cool nights occurred, which
were not favorable. Plentiful rains
occurred July 3Oth and Sunday, August
4th; still it is a little dry in some places.
Cotton has a fine, healthy weed, but
has not yet done much fruiting. Where
manured it is boiling well. Curing to-
bacco progressing with good results.
Corn is good, and caring finely as a
general rule. Some complaints of firing
on upland. In early corn, on high up
lands, many barren stalks are seen.
Turnips being planted. Peaches are
small. Concord grapes ready to cut,
but have been somewhat damaged by
blight.
Central District Rain is beginning
to be needed in this district also, espe
cially in the southern counties where
crops are being damaged to some ex
tent. In the greater part of the district
crops are not yet suffering, though
they would be greatly benefited by
warm showers. Showers occurred July
3Oth and the night of August Sd. The
temperature has been below normal,
which is unfavorable, though there has
been plenty of sunshine. Early corn,
especially on sandy lands, is suffering
for lack of rain in the south. 1t has
been too cool for cotton, which has
good weed but not much fruit. Very
few reports of shedding are received.
Tobacco is excellent; curing viii be
under way generally within the next
ten or fifteen days. Farmers are ex-
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13

t is not a good plan to pasture sheep
/. the same lot with horses, COWS nor
gs. These large animals are apt to
quiet the sheep and interfere with
9ir steady grazing.
Sheep ticks often procure lodgment
barns and sheds and live for several
eks. This fact makes the matter of
nplete determination very difficult;
Wever, if the wool is of good length,
ticks seldom get off the sheep, but
> sheep tick is a very hardy little
imal.
3ubsoiling to the depth of 16 to 18
'hGs allows the SHOWS and rains OF
inter- and spring to soak into the soil,
tead of running away. AS soils can
Ge up from 80 to so per cent. of their
light of water, a large amount is
red for the use of plants in dry
ather.
When nursery seedlings have re-
eyed frequent cultivation, the invari-
le result is that when followed by
m large increase in yield of that
ne ground. With such preparation
/. d culture, nursery fields hold suff
a2nt moisture for fair growth in dry
years.
If potatoes are planted on sod, the
-ad should be piowed early and be
a oroughly worked, delaying the plant
until the sod has begun to rot. This
Ii avoid the air spaces under the hills
aich often interfere with the yield, as
t. is space is wholly untouched by the
q lCivator,
No question but that the prospect
&r mutton sheep are going to improve
-le unparalleled sacrifice of breeding
ock on tie large markets is likely tC
act, owing to the decrease in thu
lmber of sheep being bred and. tn,
mailer number which will go on tn,
arkets in the future.
IOe pork barrel needs close watching
trough the summer. The slightes
apurity will spread rapidly and sool
'oll the meat. 1t is best to take tn
'fk out and wash it, either boiling tn
me to remove impurities, or, as sal
cheap, making new brine and throw
: the old on the manure heap, wher
Will do good in making the manur
lore soluble.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13
KEEPING SWEET POTATOES.
Correspondence of the Progressive Far

Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
DURHAM, N. @.
I notice in a recent issue of your
paper an article on keeping potatoes by
drying them out by means of steam. 1
have been thirty years experimenting
along this line and my experience has
been that steam dries the sweetness out
of the potato and prevents them from
sprouting or producing slips, and
makes them unfit for table use. The
only method combining all the neces
sary requirements is by means of the
vegetable house, a description of which
sent you this morning. have thor
oughly demonstrated, during the last
three years, and before my vegetable
house was patented, that the only thing
to do is to dig sweet potatoes before
the frost bites them and place them in
the house without sand or dirt of any
kind. The drying process is a natural
one.
Irish potatoes should be dug as soon
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13
PLENTY OF ROOM.

When plenty of room is given to g.
flock of hens the expenses are Il ssenedy
though more land is occupied. If but;
fifty hens are allowed on an acre of,
ground and the space is 80 divided as
to allow the hens to occupy but half an
acre while the other half is permitted
to grow some kind of green food, they,
will secure greater variety, and not
only lay more eggs, but be more thrifty.
The gain to the farmer will be in the
insects secured, and during the sum-
mer season he will be required to feed
but little. It is curious fact that the
intensive" system Of farming is ap,
piled to poultry, and not in other direc~
tions when the case should be really
reversed. If a whole acre of land is
given up to fifty hens, as they pay as,
well, or even better than anything else
on the farm, why should not the farmer
resort to raising poultry himself in
stead Of leaving that branch of work
to women on q limited area near the
dwelling house3
While 100 hens are not too many for
one acre of land, better proportionate
results will be secured with fifty hens.
If the farmer finds that fifty hens pay
on one acre, he can use other acres in
the same manner. Few farmers have
ever really tried to make poultry pay.
Generally, if hens have paid at all on
the farm, they deserved all the credit
There are no fabulous profits in poul-
try, nor is the capital required much
lees than for other stock, but the losses
are sooner recupersted, and better
prices are obtained. There is another
advantage which is important. The
returns from the sale of poultry and
eggs are constant. There is no waiting
until harvest time for crops to mature,
nor being governed and regulated by
corners" or spectators. There is al
ways a retail demand which the farmer
can himself regulate and supply. Dur.
ing all seas ons of the year poultry and
eggs are in demand. The farmer who
sells strictly fresh eggs need have no.
fear of competition. Poultry Keeper
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13
RALEIGH, N. c., AUGUST 13, 1895.

as the vines are dead, and should be
placed in the house without being ex
posed to the sun. The doors are left
open and the potatoes dug out by a
natural process, which is the only way
OF preserving all their qualities. 1t is
impossible to do this by means of steam.
1 have demonstrated that apples and
potatoes can be kept from decay for
the full space of one year.
Description.-A close building of any
desirable s ze or material or height,
with air-tight walls (dlled with char
c 0al or ashes as a non )nductor,) pre-
sumably one foot thick; with tight
Il lor and ceiling overhead A door in op-
posite side of the building for entrance,
window in each gable above the ceiling
a suitable door in the center of the cell
ing for the passage of air; the room to
be fitted with shelves and cribs, suit
able for storing fruit or vegetables of
all kinds.
Claim. Toe atmosphere being the
heavier at the ground and pressing
through the two doors at the base of
the building, then passing upward
through the door in the ceiling in the
center of the room and out through the
windows at the gable. The continual
passing of the air through the building
carries eff the sweat or natural evapo-
rations from the fruit or vegetables
and thereby prevents decomposition.
By closing the air passages in times of
freezing or cold weather, fruit will be
kept from freezing substantially as
set forth. Fruit and vegetables can be
kept from decay for the space of one
year. VIM WATLINGTON,
The inventor of the fruit and vegetable
house.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13

Broom corn grows very slowly at
frat and along in June it is injured by
drv weather. But about July it's root
ooes down into the sod, and it viii
then outgrow corn and stand drougths
that wither the grain crop. This makes
the broom corn crop bad one to ploW
or seed after, as its stubs are firm anCl
do not throw out and decompose in,
winter as corn roots will. The same is
true of the sorghum crop. Merely cul-
tivating corn gEouad in spring will fit
it for spring grain, but after either
broom corn or sorghum the land must
be pIoWed.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13


six plants upon each stick and so soon
as load is cut carry direct to the barn
on a long frame with lot more than
fifty sticks in bulk; four bulks may
be carried on a frame eighteen feet
long; place the tobacco upen the tiers
direct from the wagon, from six to
eight inches on the tiers, and be care
full not to trail or drag the tobacco
across the door sill or the tier poles. In
fact, there should be no door sill to a
four fifty to five hundred sticks Of
good sized tobacco; larger barns should
have more.
The work of curing should CONNER CO
at once by heating the barn to ITO or
lis degrees, taking several hours to
reach that degree, placing some old
fue irons over the hot part Of the fue,
or some plank just high enough above
the hue not to burn the plank. The
fire should then be withdrawn and not
renewed until the next morning. The
tobacco thus treated will yellow rap
idly. The yellowing is caused by a
fermentation of the sap, and if the vel
lowing process is continued too long,
the stems will swell, the fiber be dis
tended and the inside of the leaf be-
comes dingy brown, called sponging;
on the other hand if a steady incTeas-
ing heat is long continued, the tobacco
will dry up with the green in it. /
think may say as result of many
trials, tobacco that cannot be yellowed
within from twenty-four to thirty
hours cannot be cured with frst-class
c)lor. Commence the heat the next
morning at 80 degrees, run for six
hours, then 95 degrees for six hours,
then at dark reach 100 degrees and
keep the heat between 100 degrees and
los degrees until the next morning
You have ow reached particular
point in curing. So soon as you can
well do so go up gradually till you
reach ITO degrees. If you are going
too slow your tobacco will sponge or
become dingy and sweat. This may
be known by its sticking to the back of
the hand. Now open the ventilator in
the roof and the air holes at the bottom
Of the barn and over the mouth of the
f1ue, or at the door; give the tobacco as
much heat as it will bear, holding on
awhile at 110 degrees till the tips, if
any are somewhat yellowed. If the
heat is too great it will show by the
leaf spotting pale strawberry color
on both sides and slight red around the
edge. Lower the heat by pulling out
some of the fire in the fue. About
noon the heat should be at about 12O
degrees; at that point the tobacco will
soon sweat in the shank of the leaf, so
leave 120 degrees as soon as it will bear
it; go gradually up to 13O degrees by
night. It is safest to remain at that
degree till the next morning; then you
may raise five degrees each hour until
100 degrees are reached, at which the
whole leaf and stem may be dried out.
If the stalk is large and hard to dry
out, increase the heat until 175 degrees
are reached, where it should remain
until the stalk is hard and bony. If
the barn is close in top examine the
stalks on the ends of the sticks in the
back corners and if the leaf snaps from
the stalk when bent, the tobacco
throughout the barn is thoroughly
cured.
In my next communication will tell
how to cure tobacco, and how to care
for cured tobacco. B +. WHITE.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13

1t is not sufficient that we dig hole
in which to sat young tree. The soil
should be plowed as deeply as it's ma
ture will admit, and if there is a reten-
tive subsoil, a subsol plow may bs used
to advantage. When the whole surface
is mellowed it is put in the best shape
for the collection and retention of plant
food.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13

Mutton sheep and liberal feeding are
the two main factors to be employed to
the most profit in the sheep farming of
the present. The sheep must be of
mutton descent, so that they will give
the greatest gain in food for the flesh
consumed. The ram, at least, must be
of the right kind and pure bred.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13
No. 27
POULTRY Y ARD
GAPEs IN CHICKRNs.

I have not had a case of gapes i'm
twenty years. Ny rule to prevent is
to keep the chicks off from the ground
for three or four weeks. They can be
kept in dry goods boxes or on the barn
floor. When they are let out, they are
strong enough to resist the disease
=. M, Onondaga county. NY
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13

Gov. Frank Brown, Of Maryland, is
the heir to one-half Of the estate of the
late James Carroll, whose property Is
estimated to be worth not less than
$500, 900.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13
,.r1oNAL FARMERS ALI
ENcR AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.
i F. Willetts, Topeka,

.s.r+-J, F. Willetts, Topeka,
D.. p, .pregident-H. c. snavely, Leb
1,sa,,6tarv-T N, Ga: G6taa:rv-Treasurer-COl. D. P. Dun
Columbia, s. Z.
EXECUTIVE BOARD.
Toucks, Huron, s. D.; Mann
!. = IRrandon, Virginia; l: Z; Dean,
yo, % Falls, New York; H. Q. Dem
neoSo SSoo.o+aTv. ot. Harrisburg, Pennsyl-
B. lg, 0Warion Butler. Raleigh, n. Q.
JUDICIARY.
southworth, Denver, Colo.
" Beck, Alabama.
D Davie, Kentucky
Dor1EA FARMERS STATE ALLI-
Il 4 AECE.
,ozi5ort-JM. Mewborne, Kinston,
&C. :, Presidential. G. shufOrd, New
!, s,cTctary- n: 0i -Treagurer-w. s. Barnes,
LSlgnI LSolegfnnIrerEGyrus T. Thompson, Rich
aassT2ardCJ. u.s. AZ - 7. B. Hoover, Elm City,
:; gS;anlain-Dr. T. T. speight, Lewis
5oor. on, .koeper-Geo. 0; T. Lane, Greens
assistant y st: Door keeper-Jas. E. Lyon,
5ePgeant fpgai t, at Arms-J. R. Hancock,
seHsboro, N. G.
tate S business Agent. Ivey, Raj
5rnstee !, gt ! Business Agency Fund-W.
Graham, Machpelah, N. G.
,mT7vE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH
,porJyA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
5.rion Butler, Goldsboro, n. c.; ].
long, Eoka, II. c.; A. T. Hileman,
ncord, N. @.
.4r ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEES.
mo. Brady. Gatesville, N. G.; DR.. J.
T Harrell. Whiteville, n. G.; John
saham, Ridgeway, N. Z.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13

Sdch of the GbOUe-T1Gnled papers are
r. vested to keep the list standing on
frst page and add others, prOUtde9Gd
y are dttlg elected. Any paper tGtt-
ito advocate the OcGLG platform tUGtL
dropped from the list promptly. Oar
pIe can nOtC see fUhGt pGpers are
Wished in their interest.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1895-08-13

nth Carolina Reform Press Association.
lacers-J. L. Ramsey, PrestdeHt ;
HsTtOn Butler, Vice-PresSdeT1t; NJ. >.
mes, Secretary,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1895-05-18

George n. Lawrence, treasurer of the
Haynes, Dewitt Ice Com pany, in talking
with Journal reporter, yesterday, said
that the ice business on the Kennebec Is
good and all that at present is needed Is
more vessels to ship it. The price is quite
satisfactory and in all probability, he said,
the supply will be exhausted before the sea-
son for harvesting opens again. It is dur
ing the very hottest weather that the ice
dealers make their TOLL as then the de-
mand Is the greatest while during the
cooler weather many OF the companies sell
only enough to pay expenses and often
not that 1t will be a splendid thing II
the cut of last season on the Kennebec is
exhausted before cutting again beings.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1895-05-18
Notes From the Experiment Stations.

Bullet in number 81 of the Illinois sta
ton reviews the result of five years work
in planting in hills and drills, saying that
the results showed conclusively that il
makes little difference whether the corn
is planted In hills or drills so far as yield
Is concerned, but 1t is best to plant In
checks for the sake of cultivation. In
general the bulletin shows that thick
planting is more advantageous than for
mcrly supposed.
The Guelph experiment station has add
cd to the literature on the subject OF Sc
Letting seed from the different parts of the
ear That from the middle of the cob
gave 49, so tons, that from the small end
gave H. 45 tons. and that from the large
end Of the cob 12 3S tons, while the whole
car gave IL 40 tons. These results are for
four varieties.
The Guelph station has tested 10 va
rieties Of fodder corn, Among 55 varie
ties grown side by side for four years, the
heaviest yield was secured from Chester
county mammoth, aud the next largest
Brazilian flour corn The thoroughbred
White flint stood third in yield. The i'm
proved leaning was found to yield an av
crage of 10 tons for four years, producing
a grain that averaged to reach the dough
stage. For the southern part of Ontario
this variety is well spoken of. Clouds
early yellow was the earliest to mature
among the earliest yielding varieties.
This kind gave go tons per acre.
The Ontario experiment station, on the
average of five years Of trials, has found
the Empire state pc tato the greatest
yielder. Of twenty-three varieties tried.
The Thorburn stood next then Summit,
followed by Early Maine, and this by
Early Puritan. The beauty of Hebron
sood eighth, the late rose twelfth and the
early Ohio twenty-first.
The Guelph OK pertinent station has add
cd another year to Its test of the influ-
ence Of sowing mixed varieties of grains
for fodder purposes. All the mixtures that
could be made from peas, oats, barley and
wheat were made forming eleven series.
The greatest yield was secured from a
mixture of peas and oats, the crop being
S.37 tons Of green matter. The result
showed that eight out of the eleven tests
favored mixing. The experimenter finds
that for three years a mixture of one
bushel Of oats and three bushels of peas
has succeeded best.
summary Of the experiments at the
Connecticut and other stations relative to
the thickness Of seeding corn indicates
that 1t is unsafe to plant thinner than
every six inches, while it is thought
thicker seeding will be better.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1895-05-18
Oscharding Profitable to the Right Kind Of
Orchardists.

A Maine man who owns share in a
Florida orange grove remarked 70 US
few days ago after his return from the
South, that If he had bought some OF what
is commonly termed worn out land In
Kennebe county, set out apple trees upon
1t, expended the same money and labor
upon it as he had done upon his grove In
Florida he would be thousands of dollars
better off than he is now. And In this
connection 1t is interesting to note some
OF the men In this county, who had the
foresight to do just what this gentleman
reg retted that he had not done. in the
towns of Vassalboro and China the
amount received in cash for that part OF
last years crop OF apples shipped was
more than $50, 900. A few days since Mr..
J. NJ. Cross of the Journal while in Vas
salboro called upon several OF the success
full orchardists OF that town. Mr.. Joseph
II. Smiley may be termed the veteran ap-
pie grower Of that town. In 1890 he
set out an orchard Of two and half
acres, including the following varieties
Baldwin, Starkey and X. l. Greening,
Baldwin being the favorite.
He has sold from this orchard more
than SIS, 900 worth Of apples the past 30
years. Does any one wonder that he re-
CARDS Maine a profitable as we'll as a
good State to live in? Does any one doubt
that orcharding with the right kind OF
orchardists pays in Kennebec county?
Mr.. Cross also called at George Il.
Ayers. Mr.. Aver lives in the same
ueiQhborhood. He has an old orchard Of
80 trees that have been bearing about 30
years and Is so well pleased with the re-
suits that he has set out about 600 tree s
during tho past six or seven years. These
new trees are looking finely and are nice
ly budded The Baldwin is favorite
with Mr.. Aver. His orchard includes the
Baldwin, Ben Davis, Northern Spy and
II. /. Greening. He intends to set as
many more trees in the coming years. He
believes in high cultivation and his trees
show the very best results OF It, He buys
a large amount of dressing which he both
plows under and top dresses in his or
chard. He has had trouble with no 9TH
or pest than mice.
Mr.. II. D. B. Aver who resides in this
same neighborhood has a fine orchard OF
about three acres The trees are In splen-
did condition, the Baldwin being the lead
Ing variety. He believes that high Guilt
walton Is as necessary for the apple as
for tho other crops Of the farm.
All these gentlemen are convinced that
the same attention, labor and dressing
app lied to the orchard that would be re-
gu ired for successful cultivation Of other
crops will produce more favorable results.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1895-05-18

Being rather too cool for ice cream or
soda A. b; Ham has decided to treat the
public to another Of his popular Saturday
candy sales. 1t will include marsh mall
lows, cream dates, ice cream chocolates.
in four flavors all 40c goods, today's
price, 22c. Also fancy summer gum
drops and caramel drops. 22c and choco-
late mixture zoe. These goods are new
and fresh. Look in the window for full
display