Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1895-07-25
FARMER AND PLANTER.
DAIRY BUILDINGS.
Proper Methods For Their Construction In
the South.

Proper Methods For Their Construction In
the South.
Owing to the hot nature OF our eli
mate, 1t Is necessary that dairy build
'ngs should be constructed in this sec
ton with view TO meet this feature.
Diaries are most commonly construct
ed OF brick or wood. the latter prob
ably being the cheapest, and generally
just as satisfactory as the former. In
case OF either, the walls should be con-
structed with dead air spaces, as the
air thus inclosed is not readily acted
upon by the varying changes of tenn
perature, and 30 more equable tenn
perature can be preserved on the in
side.
This dead-air space varies in width,
and is sometimes divided by parti-
ton, SO as to form two spaces, which
makes it better for the purpose in
tended, but adds considerably to the
cost OF construction; so that it is an
open question as vet whether it will
pay. a dead-air space Of from eight
to sixteen inches will be found salts
factory. Where a brick building is
erected, the wall may be built up
against the studding on the outside,
lined with tar or building paper, and
ceiled on the inside, leaving dead
air space the width of the studding.
In the case of wood, the outside frame
work is first lined with tar paper, and
then boarded up and made more Sc
cure by putting batons over the joints
between the boards
What has been said only applies to
the superstructure. But every dairy
in the south should have large base
ment, made by excavating the dirt to
depth of eight to ten feet The base
ment should have wall from eighteen
inches to two feet thick, constructed
OF stone and masonry; be well drained,
provided with plenty of light, and a
good cement floor. The outside wall
should be well banked with earth; the
windows be provided with screens, and
so arranged that they can be closed
during the hottest part of the day and
opened at night to admit the cool,
fresh evening breeze. Then, if the
floor is kept sprinl1led with water, it
will help to keep the temperature
down.
The ventilation may be secured by
constructing square wooden trough
and tarring it over on the outside to
better preserve it. This should be
sunk in the ground, say, three or four
feet, and extend out from the dairy
one hundred or more feet, when it
should rise out of the ground and be
provided with cowl and weather
vane, so that the opening will be pre-
sented to the prevailing wind all the
time. This will act as suction hue
to draw in the surrounding air. which,
on its passage through under the
ground, will be cooled, so that il
will enter the dairy at a reduced
temperature. The difficulty in making
cheese in the south is due to the high
cost of ice, and to the difficulty of get.
ting a curing room in which the low
even temperature required for the cur
ing of cheese can be maintained. But
by the method outlined here, it would
seem feasible to construct suitable
rooms that could be used for this pur
pose part of the year to good advan
tage.
The dairy must always be situated
in well-drained locality, and away
from any impure surroundings. il
will be best to build it on the gravity
process, that is, to have the weigh
can and scales situated higher thar
the milk-receiving vat, and the sepa
rator, skim milk and cream vats eacl
on still lower levels. The boiler ant
engine should always occupy a sepa
rate room, so that the dust, heat anC
oily smell can be excluded from thu
dairy room. The cream should be rul
directly from the separator over tn,
cooler into the cream cans or watts, sit
uated in the basement, where it can b,
cooled, thoroughly stirred and ripeneC
at lower and more eguable tempera
ture, which always produces more anc
better butter. The butter worker ant
churn should likewise be situated il
the basement, and in any case occup,
separate room from the general worl
room.-Texas Experiment Station.