The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1895-12-14
LAKES OF TIE STATE
These Inland Seas the Re-
mains of the Ice and
Glacial Period.
DIFFERENCES IN THEIR ORIGIN
Their Average Depth Not Very
Great-How the Size of Some
Has Been Increased.

" the CIdIlS6S LII QTdlildSC adS " tAtS
ice of the Glacial Period is to be seen
in the great abundance of lakes, ponds
and meadows in Northern New Jersey,
says The Newark Daily Advertiser
Many of the marshes and meadows rep
resent extinct lakes. Many of the lakes.
both existent and extinct, came into be-
ing as the direct result of interference
with drainage. They may, therefore. be
properly considered in connection with
the changes in drainage effected by ice.
The lake and pond basins of the gla-
ciated area of the State belong to sew
eral distinct classes. These are as fol-
lows: % limestone sinks; G) rock ba-
sins produced by glacial erosion; 90
basins produced by the obstruction OF
river valleys by means of the drift; "a
depressions in the surface of the DRIFT
itself; % basins produced by a combi-
nation of two or more of the foregoing;
() lakes and ponds produced by artifi-
cial means. The fourth class, as speei-
fed above may be subdivided into W
or three divisions, viz, (a) depressions
in the surface of the terminal moralne;
(b) all depressions in the surface OF the
ground moraine; (c) depressions in the
surface of the stratified drift.
There is enc small pond which occupies
a depression caused by the collapse of
an underground cave in limestone.
This lies -three-quarters of a mile north
east of Blairstown. The pond is very
small and shallow, but it has some inter
est as a representative of one type of
AXE basin. The basin occupied by this
little pond has been deepened in post
glacial times. The bottom of the sink
is fully sixty feet below the highest
= TI.- -sr fANk frAy,
the bottom the slope of the sink changes
abruptly, becoming very steep below.
This would seem to indicate a sinking
of the bottom of the pond to the extent
of five or six fet since the ice departed.
A second type of lake basins is the
rock basin produced by glacial erosion.
1t cannot be affirmed that there is more
than a single representative of this class
of lake basin in New jersey. though
there are several lakes which may pos
ses such basins.
Sand Pond, on Hamburg Mountain,
quite certainly has a rock basin. This
pond lies two and ne-ha1f miles east of
Hamburg. 1t is triangular in shape, and
on three sides is surrounded by high
hills, where Lodges of rock are so abund-
ant as to preclude the possibility of
drift-flled outlet. AT the western end
the bordering surface is lower, and here
the pond has it's outlet. Along this out
let the outcrops of rock are SO abundant,
rock occupies a level higher than the
bottom of the lake. The maximum depth
of the pond is probably not more than
forty feet, and its average depth is prob
ably not more than half this figure.
Sand Pond, west of Coleville, may have
a rock basin, but this is not beyond
question. Cedar Lake, near Blairstown,
is closely hemmed in by high rock lodges
on either side If NAV OCCUPY a rock
basin.
The basins of the larger number, of
sey were formed by the obstruction of
river valleys. To this class belong the
In Warren County-Allamuchy Pond,
Giover's Pond, Cedar Lake possibly rock
basin), White Pond, Sunfish Pond, Cat,
fish Pond, Shuster Pond, Mud Pond
Hartwick Township and Sand Pond;
Here also may belong Silver Lake and
Mud Pond (Hope Township. though they
may belong to the next class
In Sussex County-Catdsh Pond, Sucker
wood Lake, Hunts Pond, Little Pond and
two unnamed ponds northeast of it,
Long Pond Crawford Township, Cul-
Long Pond, Round Pond, Mashipacong
Pond. Lake Marcia, Decker Pond, Roe
Pond, Mud Pond, Wawayanda Lake and
Laurel Pond. 1t is altogether possloie
basins, but there are none of them when,
in the light of present knowledge, may
not be accounted for by the dfl NJ rlnrg
| or less elongated valleys in which they
In Morris county-Green Pond. Lake
Split Rock Pond and Lake Hopatcong.
In Passaic county-Hank's Pond, Maco,,
pin Lake, Terrace Pond. Greenwood
able that some other small ponds be
long to this category, and there are
other lakes which may owe their origi
The drift which blocks the valleys, CIV
times sfratiied and sometimes unstrati,
at one end of the lake only, while others
are blocked at both. North OF the NOR
aine, one lake only appears to t owe Its its
ley by the moraine itself. This IS
| Green's Pond, in Warren county. Out
side the moradne. there a. is Likely iikew1 " +b q
| Lake, in Morris ounty
The number of lakes and ponds occupy
ing depressions in the surface OF. the un-
| stratiied drift is not large. The pond
east of Llewellyn Park, Essex county,
belong some of the small ponds on Pail
SADIE Ridge, in Hudson county. AT var1-
Gus points along the terminal moraine
there are small ponds which likewise be-
long to this category.
There is a very much more considerable
group of lakes which might, with almost
equal property, be put into the class of
lakes occupying basins formed by the OBJ
s~truction of river valleys, or into the class
of lakes occupying basins in the surface
of the drift. The lakes of the group here
referred to lie in depressions in drift
which is for the most part Stratified, the
drift itself being in valleys. The lakes of
this Sub-class are believed to represent
the sites of huge blocks of ~stagnant ice.
which fingered in the. valleys. after the
edge of the main ice sheet had retreated
| some little distance beyond them to the
! north. Stratified drift was deposited in
the valleys about these ice blocks, while
glacial drainage still coursed through the
valleys. After glacial drainage had
ceased to flow through the valleys con-
cerned, the ice blocks melted, leaving de-
ence. Such lake basins are due to the
presence of stagnant Ice masses, about
which were laid down the deposits which
now constitute the sides of the basins.
The lakes which are thought to belong
to this class are the following
In Sussex County-Buckmire Pond,
Turtle Pond, MgckShaw Pond, Sickle
tits Pond. Long Pond. Iliff's Pond, How
efFs Pond. brakes Pond, White Lake
and Mud Pond. Cat Sparta) Lake Grinnell
and Wright's Pond.
In Pasaic County-Franklin Lake. the
ponds west of Wyckoff, and the pond
near Preakness.
In this connection, special mention
should be made of the chain of Ike
ponds and marshes in Sussex County,,
which extends from Turtle Pond, near
Huntsville, almost continuously to Lake
GrinneM. a distance of eleven miles. 1t is
blocks lay in this valley while the main:
ice front was a little further north and