The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1895-05-25

brought the total capital up 10 S13. 770. =
GOO, 600. which produced return of
! 50. 100. 600. 600 or little less than Is
per cent. The average size of farms de-
creased from 203 acres in 1850 to 1874
acres in 1880 but in 500 it increased to
13T acres.
Tobacco is produced in forty-tw States
and Territories. but nearly half the whole
crop comes from Kentucky. Virginia,
Ohio North Carolina. Tennessee. and
Pennsylvania are also great producers. as.
too, are Connecticut in proportion to its
area. and Wisconsin. considering its Iati-
| tude
Wheat Is the most important of our
cereal crops and in the famous year 1891
the yield was 81 2 600, 900 bushels. where
as. India produced only 235, 900. 600:
France, 23l, 600. 900; Russia. lS6. 900.
00h: Hungary. ll9 900. 600, and Italy.
l02, 600, 600. That year was also
/ great one for our corn. which reached 2.
600. 600, 600 bushels. falling off about one
fifth the following year OF oats during
the same prosperous year the production
reached 13S, 900. 600 bushels. The rye
crop is generally heavy while barley and
buckwheat come lower ON the list.
Cotton, OF course is of great importance.
the maximum yield-that of lS92-reach-
ing 9,03S, 707 bales. Texas leading off in
virtue of its area while Georgia and Mis-
sissippi are enormous producers. with Ala
bama following. Hay is product of vast
value, that ot 1888 amounting to AZ, 900,
000 tons, valued at S40S, 600, 900: and
mention must also be made of potatoes, of
which the product in 1888 was 202, 600.
600 bushels. valued at sSl 900, 900.
The total number of farm animals in
1892 was l69, 100, 900. valued at So
46l 600. Horses led off. with Is, 500.
600 in number, and 81 COS, 900, 900 in
value. Cows numbered l6 400. 600, with
value of $50, 600, 0O0. The densest
sheep population is in Ohio, averaging / 90
t" a square mile or nearly three times as
many for the area as any other State OF
hogs iowa has 81 to the square mile:
Illinois, s.; Ohio. 69
In about two-fifths Of the area Of the
country, excluding Alaska, the rainfall is
not adequate for agriculture. so that In
eleven States and Territories irrigation Is
resorted To- The total area irrigated, at
I the date gwen. was ;. 564, 4l6 acres, OF
about one-half of per cent. of the total
areas. In two States-C Colorado and Cali
fornia--tAe irrigated area exceeded per
I cent.
MANUFACTURES.
Manufactures have had rapid devel-
( opment in this country In 1880 the
capital employed was 1888, 900. 900; the
hands, 93T, 600 the wages S231, 900, 900;
the material, $3.50, 600, 900; the gross
products, 81, 019. 000, 900; the net pro
ducts, S464 600 900 These figures fell
somewhat short Of doubling in 1860.
However, in 1850 all of them had been
mere than quadrupled, except the number
of hands, which was about tripled. For
$50. by making approximate calculations
from partial statistics. Mr. Gannett reaches
these vast figures; Capital SO, / so, 900,
T 000. or nearly welvefold that Of 1850;
hands employed. 1868. 600, or nearly
I iveiold, in spite of the introduction Of
labor saving machinery; wages, 50, 900, :
000. 900, or nearly ninelold. thus making
( the average wages far higher; gross pro
ducts, SO. 400 600. coo or over ninefold;
material. So 900 600. 600. or ninefold;
net product, 81 100, 000, 000 or nearly
tenfold In ten years the South has made
great strides in manufactures
The average yearly wages of employees
in 1850 were S24I; in 1890 they were
S42a. The average capital invested in
each establishment had also increased from
81. 600 10 Sl5 000 In | $50 the proper
tion of net product going TO employees was
81. and tn capital 10: in 1870 these pro
portions had become tJ and - respect
lively. But in 1850 the proportion or net
product 10 capital was 81 and, minus
wages. it was -: whereas in 1890 these
proportions had respectively diminished to
{ and 80
New York Is our greatest manufacturing
centre. with over 500, 600. 600 Of pro-
ducts in 1890, then follow Chicago, with
over 5000 O00. 900; then Philadelphia
After a long gap come Brooklyn, St
Louis. Boston and then Cincinnati
Of steel We now produce one-fourth
more than even Great Britain herself; and
If iron in 1870 and the two years following
We produced II per cent more. On June
30, 1890. We had 562 blast furnaces, 22I
e Il Dav.,,a,-l,r.,nta and alSo 1hS
steel works. about half in Pennsylvania.
Of cotton factories we had 904 in 1890,
with 1884, 000, 600 capital, employing
22l. 5S5 hands or an increase of % per
cent. over 1850 and earning S66, 900, 900
in wages. AN increase of 81 per cent,
The produc; had risen to S26S, 900, 600,
an increase in ten years of 40 per cent.
New England carries on 6:i per cent. OF
the cotton manufactures.
Woollen factories had in 1890 fallen of
in numbers from 1880. but they had in
creased their capital invested from Sl59
00O. 600 to S297. 900, 600, their gross
product to 1898. 600. 600. and their wages
from S47, 900, 900 to S66, 600, 900, or 62
per cent. although the net product, owing
to the increased cost of raw -Msterlal, had
scarcely increased at all,
MISCELLANEOUS.
There were Is, $50 periodicals of all
classes published in 1891 In the same
year were produced a, BIG, SO4 gallons of
whiskey. II, 260, S2l of alcohol "a, 306,
905 of wines, LISA, 3l2 of rum |, 223,
775 of fruit brandy, and 30, 02l, ,079
barrels Of beer
Our mineral product for 1891 is put at
S66S, 324. 537 an enormous total 1t in
cluded Sl17, 106, 1873 in bituminous coal;
Sl2S, 337 9S5 in pig iron; Pennsylvania
anthracite, SI3, 943, 735; building stone,
S47, 294, 746; silver at coming value,
S75. 4l6. sos gold, S33, 10, 900; copper,
value at New York, $3S, 455, 300; lime,
S35. 600, 600; petroleum, S32, 575, 1SS,
natural gas, SIS, 900, 600; lead, SIT, 6O9,-
322; white zine, cement salt, phosphate
rock, mineral waters, and quicksilver add
to the amount We produce third of
the world coal and one e-fourth of its iron,
Great Britain alone exceeding us. We
produce one third of the world's STEEL
surprising her. We produced in 1890