davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

querors. Then came the Persians, the
Arabs, the Tartars and the Turks, who
ravaged the country by turns and made
it a mere dependency. During the
time of the Crusaders the kingdom had
another era of prosperity, the most
brilliant epoch beginning in 1889 when
David the Restorer and his beautiful
daughter, Queen lamar, made the name
of Armenia honored and feared through
out the world. Queen lamar, who was
as beautiful as she was brave, was a
the Turks and Russians in turn. Her
fame has been perpetuated in songs and
hymns and is as well established to-day
among her people as is that of King
Solomon among the Jews and the an
cient masonic fraternity. The death of
Queen lamar marked the beginning
and the end of Armenian prosperity, for
quered by the Moslems. In 1900 Russia
stripped Armenia of it's Caucasian ter
ritory, and the once powerful and glo-
rious state ceased to exist.
The kingdom was parceled out to
Persia, which grabbed the eastern dis
tricts; to Russia, which appropriated
the northern provinces, and to Turkey,
which assumed ownership of the west
ern principalities, by far the richest
and most populous. The capital os
Russian Armenia is the still prosper
Gus city of Erizan; Tabreez is the seat
of the Persian government for Ar
menia; and Erzerum has always been
the residence of the Turkish governor
general. Soon after the first conquest
the Mohammedans of Turkey and Per-
STA began a war on the Christian Ar
menians which has continued uninter-
ruptedly ever since, eliminating in the
recent outrages of Trebizond, Erzerun,
Van, Alleppo, Karbut, or Kharpoot, and
other points.
Many years ago the Armenians be-
gan to emigrate from their native land.
They sought refuge in Russia, Greece
and in European Turkey. Being shrewd
and economical they prospered wher-
ever they went, but more especially at
Constantinople which, at the present
time, is the residence of the patriarch
or Catholics" of the Armenian
church. Many years ago the American
board established missions in the Ar
menian provinces of Asiatic Turkey;
and later on founded a number OF
schools and colleges in the same terri
tory. The young men educated in these
institutions became important factors
in the political life of their districts
by inducing their taX-ridden and OPP
pressed brethren to dream once more
OF national Independence dream
which may be realized sooner than the
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12
PRESIDENTIAL TIMBER.
Wen-Known Statesmen who Wish
to Go to the White House.
Ssnafor Davis Candidacy Is Not Joke
Aemocrats, Republicans and Popclists
who Have Been Prominently
sMentioned."
Special washington Letter.

Senator Cushman Kellogg Davis, of
Minnesota, is candidate for the presi-
dency. He is a republican, and will
have strong following in the national
convention of his party. Enemies of
the senator have asserted that he is
not a real candidate, but wants to APP
pear as a candidate in order that he
may acquire prominence for the posi-
ton of secretary of state, in the event
republican success in 1896.
know Senator Davis personally, and
well. He is not a man Of pretenses.
He is sincere, honest, upright, and
means what he says all the time. If he
were not presidential candidate he
would not permit his name to be used
IN that connection. Moreover, he is
a man of superior sagacity, and if he
did not believe that his prospects war
ranted the effort he would not per-
init his name to be used by his friends.
He is candidate, and, in my Judgment,
will be felt as well as heard before the
matter is settled.
Knowing him well, / can tell you
ooAtC " Ills IiuiihSbIloilo, anu Sollc
of the reasons for his public aspirations.
In the first place, he is one of the most
scholarly men in the world. There is
no man in any nation who possesses
a created fund of information, for he
has been a student all Of his life, and
rs until this day an omnivorous reader.
On one occasion, during the quarrel
with Chilli, the great James G. Blaine
wanted an authority on international
law, upon an intricate question. He
passed by all other men prominently
noted as international lawyers, and
called upon Senator Davis for aid. Sec
Rotary Blaine knew what he wanted,
but he did not know where to find his
authority.
AS soon as he stated the case to SEN
afor Davis, that statesman informed
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

coat of mali of four thicknesses. of
leather. / knew the man that lanced
him, and now have the lance in my
museum. This coat of mail is called
Guerra, and is frequently worn by spar
ish soldiers. There were seven or eight
Americans killed and as many
wounded. The dead were buried at the
foot of large tree on the battlefield.
Two or three Mexicans were slightly
wounded.
"A soldier called lie Blonde threw
his lariat over cannon in the enemy's
lines, and hauled it into our own, and
we used it against the Mexicans. Near
ly all the Mexicans killed had lance
thrusts-guns were not used much by
the Mexicans.
1.-THE next battle was at Paso del
Portola, on the San Gabriel. The river
was swollen to about 200 yards wide,
and our army was on the bluff over
looking the river, almost concealed
amid chaparral and a grove of mustard
plants. Our cannon mounted on an OK
cart, commanded the approach of the
enemy. While they were crossing the
stream we played away, but we did not
know much about loading and firing
cannon, and our shot would hit the
water with a phizz and splash, and
that was all. Somebody put in two
much powder, and the cannon went off
with a boom, upset the cart and the
oxen, and believe all rolled down hill.
We then set the mustard patch on
fire to stifie the enemy and blend his
march, and retired to La Mesa. Two or
three Americans were wounded by our
cavalrymen, but no one on our. side was
hurt.
AT La Alesa, that hill across the river,
in the present suburbs of Los Angeles,
we were reinforced with the Church
Cannon" sometimes called the "Wom-
ans Gun" 1t is small brass cannon,
brought from Mexico, and was used by
the church for firing salutes on festal
days. On the approach of the war yes
sci, Sonora Innocencia Reyes buried it
in her garden. But it was dug up, car
ried out to the battlefield and used
against the Americans at this last bat
tie. But the powder that the sonora
had made was so weak that every shot
was only a puff, and fell short of the
cnemy's lines. This time, however,
the oxen were unhitched from the cart
so that they could not run away with it,
or kick the gun over, or maybe be kicked
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

SENATOR C. K. DAVIS, MINNESOTA
him of book published by Spaniard
some years ago, which contained the
very matter desired, and in all its
phases. Blaine sent to the great con-
gressional library, but found that the
book was issued only in the Spanish
language. Blaine could not read Span
ish, and circumstances were such that
ne would not trust the regular trans
1ator for his department. He called a
cab and drove at once to the residence
of Senator Davis and told him his
dilemma. Senator Davis said: "All
right, Blaine. 1t is now near midnight.
Il will sit up tonight and translate it
for you He did so, and finished the
translation of ten pages of Spanish be-
fore daybreak, and sent it to Blaine
by a special messenger. At noon that
day Secretary Blaine sent message to
the senate containing the facts and
precedents; and I believe that this is
the first time the fact has ever been
published.
Senator Davis reads and translates
all of the modern European languages.
He is eminently literary man and of
scholarly rather than political inclina-
Sions.
Senator Davis has one marked weak
ness. He is constant smoker. He
has the best of cigars, and he uses
them without stint. He has little
<-den" in the top story of his Wash
dngton home, and it is pleasure to
call on him there and spend an after
noon or evening with him. His cigar
is putting nearly all the time. In
that respect he is like Grant. But
between puffs he entertains his few
chosen friends in a most charming
manner. There is no more genial, COM
panionable, lilleable man than "Cush"
Davis, as he is Familiarity termed by
those who know him well. He is
warm-hearted, kind, and even affec-
tionate with those whom he trusts.
Very few public men show any appre-
citation of the work done in their behalf
by newspaper writers. On one occa-
sion, when had written a little article
complimentary of him, as l entered the
door of his committee room at the
~-dPANOA, OiS oSudOS uAid SoAlie
times austere senator almost jumped
out of his chair, came towards me
and Rugged me like a big, good-na-
tured boy. You cannot wonder that
like that sort of man. Such men are
rare in public life.
He is man of great courage. A lit
tile more than year ago, when great
strike was in progress in Chicago, tele-
grams were received by 400 senator's
and representatives from labor organi-
cations in their several states, request
ing them to vote for a congressional
resolution supporting the strikers.
Not one of all that number dared face
the political danger of resistance ex-
cent Senator Davis. He replied that,
an his opinion, the strikers were vio-
hating the law, and that he would not
support the resolution. 1t required
nerve and courage for public man
81 do that, but Senator Davis did il
without moments hesitation. No
man has more sympathy with laboring
men and with organized labor, but he
.xouid not support lawlessness. That
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

no excuse for the latter's violation of
treaty obligations.
The agitation which has kept the for
cign offices of every European capital
busy for three months may eventually
lead to the formation of an independent
Armenia under q prince selected by the
powers, for the Armenians do not wish
to be made part of the Russian empire.
The sultan and his minister of foreign
affairs, Tewfik Pasha, realize that such
step may be decided upon any day;
and for that reason may make really
honest attempts to call off the Kurdish
Incrcenaries who have been devastating
Armenia.
The map of Asia Minor, which is made
part of this article, shows Turkish, Rus
sian and Persian Armenia, as well as
the other Turkish provinces in Asia.
The Armenian missions, to which refer
ence has been made, are scattered all
over the territory shown in the map.
Stations are located in the provinces of
Trebizond, Erzerum, Van, Mosul, AL
leppo, Karbut, Silvas, Kastamuni, Adm,
Ilho Davendikhiar, Angora, Karamania
and other sections of Anatolia. Many
buildings belonging to the American
board have been destroyed by the Kurds
and their Turkish allies; and Mr.. Alex
ander W. Terrell, American minister at
Constartinople, has demanded protec-
ton for the missionaries under his juris-
diction and filed claim for indemnity.
To lend emphasis to his demands the
Washington government has dispatched
several warships to Asia Minor and in
structed their commanders to protect
missionaries and mission property, at
| the lannon's mouth, if necessary.
Another interesting point on the map
| is Smyrna, the capital of the province of
Adm, in Anatolia. This port has been
selected by the powers as q naval rem
devious, and at this moment the SPLEEN
did harbor of the ancient city is filled
with battleships and gupboats flying
the flags of Great Britain, Russia,
Franco, Austria, Italy and Germany.
Should the sultan be inclined to ignore
the demands of the allied powers, this
feet could be sent to Constantinople
within "a hours. He will hardly in
vite such disaster, however, and Ar
menia's fate will probably be decided
by diplomatic congress.
G.. w. WEIPPIERT.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

government has promised to assist with
naval and land display. The only
battles of the conquest of California
were fought after the conquest. There
was some bloodshed on both sides, how
ever, in consequence of Fremont's free
hooters stealing horses from the MeXi-
cans. Subsequent revolution was the
outcome of the raising of the Bear Flag
at Sonoma, on June II, by Capt. Ezekiel
Merritt, under instructions of Fremont,
who was not present. The intention
was to form California into an indie
pendent republic. The Bear Flag was
hauled down when Commander Sloat
came.
The Mexican side of the revolution is
not found in history, and many of the
details of this opera bouffe affair are
therefore of interest in view of the COM
ing celebration.
Don Antonio Coronel, of Los Angeles,
one of the leaders, related to me, re-
Gently, the following historical Incl
dents:
The principal cause of the pronunci-
amento was because of Capt. Giles
pies tyrany. He had been left in coin
mand at Los Angeles after the country
had been surrendered. He declared
martial law, and arrested people for
trivial causes. One night his negro
cook, whom / had befriended, come to
my house and told me that Gen. Flores,
myself and others were to be arrested.
We at once organized. / gathered all
the old pieces of iron, l took them to
the Mission San Gabriel where they
were made into lances! Pieces of lead
were taken from the roofs and melted
into bullets. We soon had 500 men in
the field, many not having weapons,
but all had lariats-very effective in the
hands of Mexican. Sonora Juracercia
Reyes made some powder. Our army
then marched to meet Gen. Kearny,
and drive him out of the country.
II was appointed commissioner to
Mexico, to solicit aid to reconquer CAL
ifornia. 1 Immediately started with
my escort, and, as there was not much
money in the country, took along Il
cavalcade of about 500 horses for eX-
penses-to sell on the way. At the Col
orado river I turned back because the
Indians had heard of my coming and
would have taken the horses, and
probably killed us. I gave my dis
patches for the supreme government
to courier who eluded the Indians,
crossed the river and arrived safely in
Mexico. But it was no use.
''As / was returning, and while near
San Diego, I heard that Gen. Kearny's
troops, which had just arrived there,
were maching north. Gen. Andres Pico
had command of about 500 cavalry
men not far from San Pascual. Iwrote
note on the margin of paper, and
sent it by courier. Gen. Pico doubted
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

to Greek Catholicism. This is not
quite correct. The better class of Ar
menians are progressive. Their lead
ers are well educated and shrewd, and
their priesthood, as a class, is hon
est. American missionaries and Amer
lean schools have contributed largely
to the preservation of the Armenian ma
tional and religious spirit. Many of
the tribal chiefs have become convert
ed purer and simpler form of Chris
tianity, and have awakened popular
desire for education. f..
Armenian history goes back many
centuries. We first hear of the race
in $500 B. c., and until 1873 A. d. the
Armenians preserved their national in
tegrity against all invaders and con-
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

tions, is one of the great men of this
age. He is an intense worker in legis-
lative affairs. Side by side with his
political antagonist, Senator Allison,
he has for years worked upon the APP
preparations for the expenses of the
government, and he knows all of the
details of state affairs. He is plain,
unpretentious man of the people, and
a patriotic citizen, although he was
confederate soldier. No man to-day
loves his flag and his country more
than Senator Cockrell, of Missouri.
Senator Ell1ins, of West Virginia, is
spoken of as candidate for the vice
presidency. He is a sef-made man,
has been secretary of war and MEM
Der of the house of representatives.
For many years he resided in the ter
ritory of New Mexico, and is typical
man among men. He is not seeking
the vice presidency, but has just en-
tered upon his first term as senator;
but he would be an excellent man for
the position. He is primarily home
loving man, and is devoted to his fam
lily.
Nobody can tell where the presiden-
tial or the vice presidential lightning
may strike. The gentlemen named
above are spoken of constantly by the
great men of our age and by the news
paper writer's in political newspapers.
They are good men, experienced and
competent. Let us hope that, for the
good of our country, the best man,
whoever he may be, may win.
SMITH d. Fry.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12

friends of liberty now think. The
American mission schools likewise
caused many Armenians to emigrate
to the United States, the number of
those now living here falling not far
short of 100000.
AS people, the Armenians are phys
ically strong, generally OF regular fea-
lures, swarthy, dark-eyed and dark
haired. The girls and women are pref
ty, while young, but fade quickly. The
commercial instinct of the race is re-
markably developed, outstripping even
that of the Jews. Armenian merchants
control the trade of the Caucasus and
many districts of western Europe.
While the population of the Armenian
provinces proper does not exceed 2,000,-
600, it is no exaggeration to state that
the total number of Armenians now liv-
ing in various parts of the world reaches
fully 100000.
From what have said so far it might
be presumed that all Armenians are
progressive and intelligent, but it must
be remembered that have spoken only
of the better class. The peasants, who
live in mud huts and practice many
vices, are filthy and degraded-the pat
ural resultsaof centuries of oppression.
Their religion, nominally Christian, but
in reality mixture of Oriental pagan
ism and superstition, sanctions viola
tions of the moral law too abhorrent
to be described. The charge that the
lower classes of Armenians fomented
the trouble which led to the recent mas
sacre in Trebizond and l2rzerum has
never been refuted authoritatively.
The Kurds, who are reported to have
taken the lead in the attacks on the
Armenians, are nomadic tribe which
has Inhabited Asia Minor from time i'm
memorial. They are robbers pure and
simple, but brave soldiers and valiant
fighters. They make their own laws,
and levy tribute from Turks as we'll as
Armenians. There is no doubt that the
Turkish government has encouraged
the Kurds to raid Armenian villages
whose inhabitants were in revolt against
Moslem misrule. The sultan, as every
body knows now, carried his instruc-
tons too far, and brought down on his
silly head the contempt and hatred of
the civilized world and armed remon-
STRANGE from the six great powers of
Europe. Whatever the Armenian peas
ants may have done to incur the dis
pleasure of the padishah, there can be
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12
RE ROBERT FIELD STOCKTON.

COMMODORE ROBERT FIELD STOCKTON.
over by it," continued the don, with a
laugh.
That historic cannon is now in tie
muesum at Washington.
Shortly after taking possession of the
country, Commodore Sloat, at his own
request, was relieved, and Commodore
Stockton took command. Leaving San
Francisco, his vessel cruised to San
Diego in time for the sailors to march
to the aid of the infantry at San Pas
cual. Commodore Stockton again took
possession of Los Angeles. In the mean
time Fremont had signed a treaty of
peace, "20 miles away" from the scene
of battle. For this Gen. Kearney sent
him to Washington under arrest. He
was court-martialed, but finally was
permitted to resign.
The Americans then entered into q
political revolution by forming state
constitution-thus usurping the powers
of congress. Thus California was adj
mitted as full-fedged state-never
having been organized as territory.
Otherwise, the programme was to form
81 western confederacy.
Her admission, however, was the di-
rect cause of the civil war that followed
few years later. The south urged the
war against Mexico for the purpose of
extending her slave territory, while the
north opposed it. But the Californians
refused to take chances in territorial
condition, and came in as free state
a solitary instance.
California has much to celebrate.
j. M. SCANLAND.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12
He Was Learning.

A little boy three years old was told
that he must not say goose when ne
meant more than one, but geese"
Soon after the nurse-maid entered the
room, and he applied his freshly gained
knowledge by saying: "Nursie, when
| am alone I'm a goose, but when we
IRE together we are geese.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12
About Our Pension Lists.

There are 970, 524 names on the United
States pension rolls, and S140,o00,00O
will be paid in pensions the COMING
year.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12
He Was of the Same Min d.

Edward, hear that you have dis
obeyed your grandmother, who told
you not to jump down those steps,"
Grandmother didn't tell me not to,
papa. She only came to the door and
said: L wouldn't jump down those
steps, boys And shouldn't think she
would-an old lady like her!"-Phila-
delphia Press.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12
THE CALIFORNIA WAR.
Mexican Side Of It Was an Opera
Bouffe Affair.
The Approaching Forty-Ninth Anniversary
of the Raising of the American Flag
at Monterey to BE Cele-
brated In Style.
Special San Francisco Gal Letter

The people of California propose to
have grand celebration on July 7, next
the 10th anniversary of the raising of
the American flag at Monterey, by Com
modore Sloat. There will be gather
ing of the few American and Spanish
pioneers of those days now living, when
they can again fight over the battles of
the peaceful conquest" The general
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-12-12
HISTORY OF ARMENIA.
It Goes Back to the Year $500
Before Christ.
Once the Kingdom Ruled Western Asia
Its Decay and Partition-Present Con-
dition of the Countrywide
Warllke Kurds.
Wriren for This Paper.

Although much has been written
about the Armenians since the Begin
ming of the year, the public at large
knows but little about this remark
able race. 1t is the current belief
that they are coarse, semi-civilized
people, whose sole claim to considera-
ton is the tenacity with which they
have chung to their faith, which is akin
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-04-19
COMMITTEE OF ELEVEN.
Prominent Democrats Appointed
By Chairman Talbot

Mr.. Hattersly w. Talbot, chairman
of the Democratic State Central Com
mittee, has appointed the committee of
eleven provided for by resolution
passed at the meeting in Baltimore
April Bird. The committee is as follows:
Hattersley W. Talbot. Montgomery
Joshua w. Miles, Somerset.
Richard Hynson, Kent.
Charles G. Crothels, Cecil.
George l., Van Bibber, Hartford.
}. Frank Smith, ST. Mary's.
William ID. Bowie, Prince Georges.
Edward w. Mealey, Washington.
Frank A. Furst, Baltimore city.
Charles II. Carter, Baltimore city.
Conway w. Sans, Baltimore city.
The duty of this committee is To take
such action as they may deem expe-
dent for the thorough organization of
the party, secure full registration and
make suggestions as they may deem
necessary for the good aud success of
the party. They will hear appeals
and settle controversies which might
arise before the State Convention.
The citizen. (Frederick City, Md.) 1895-1923, 1895-04-19
Easter at Mt St Marv's

Easter Sunday at the Mount
celebrated with solemn High Mas
10 o'clock. Celebrant, Rev. j. B. NJ
ley; Deacon, Rey. Clement L. B
ger; Sub-deacon, Mr.. E. NJ. lIcVri
assisted by the entire force of Al
boys. Rev. ID. Brown, of the Cole
preached beautiful aud approlri
sermon. The music by the new CHI
under the able direction of Miss +
ma Moore, rendered for the first til
an unpublished mass, by DIR. Deilm
Prof. Robert Reitz. of Mt. St. Man
College, played the cello through
entire Mass. Solos were rendered
Misses n. Queen b. Welty, Mes
=. Moore and Warthen. "Stnke
Cymbals," by Prucitta, was sung
the offertory; soloists, Messrs. L. Nd
and Warthen, accompanied by the d
10, Prof. Reitz; cymbals, H. F. M
ming; Benedictines, Dielman, u
Quinn; Gealius, Edgar Moore; V
Creator, Dielman; Benediction d
Mass; . Salutious, Deilman; Taua
Ergo; Exit March, Synper. The
tar was beautifully decorated byl
ladies Of the congregation, with cid
natural flowers, ard the church
crowded to its utmost capacity.