davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
Suits Entered.

y chancery suit was yesterday en-
tered by the j. IL. Brown Company. Il
corporation of the State OF Maryland,
against Bernard Graft and Adolph
Sauber.
William Il. Griffin, by his guardian.
j. T. Cole. VS.. NJ. l.. Williams the wife
of NJ. a. Williams: NJ. y. Williams as;
administrator of Franklin p Hopkins.
deceased. and Mary Griffin, an infant
under tWcnty-onc years of age.
Natcrtown Spring Wagon Company.
OF New York. VS.. William Il. Rogers.
iately doing business under the STYLE
of the Eagle Carriage and Harness
Company: In assumpsit; damages. 5000.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
Depth Of water on galveston p:nr

Galveston, Tex, Nov. las an evil
dcncc OF the ever increasing depth of
water on Galveston bar the British
steamer Amazon. which sailed for Ham
burg to-day, went to sea direct from the
wharf. drawing twenty feet, the deep
est draught of any vessel that has ever
crossed Galveston bar. The steamer
was loaded down To her plimsol marks
Mariners and merchants are joyful over
the result. II was low tide when the
steamer went out
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

Rev. Thomas VIM Ness, Second Church. +
Rev. VIM. Hamilton Morgan. RectoE \
emmanuel Church. Detroit Mich Il y
Key. Leighton Parks. y. D., Dmmnnuels
church Boston, Mass. t.Es So a sSSSg3ssS
Rey. Edw. William Worthington, Grace
Ghnrch, Cleveland. Ohio. ~
Rev. Charles T. st. John, First UnItds@
rian Church, Pttsburg, Penn. {5,Ssi :$S5
l'ey. John T.. Peters, PHI D.. st. Micha-S
els Church. New York. N. Y. s5:S
Rey. Charles L. Dole, Jamaica plain,
Rsy; William Baynrd Hale. Mlddleboro.
Rev, Beverly L. Warner, New Orleans,
Sacred Heart. Worcester, Mass. !.
Rev. J. II. croolscr. Helena, Mont. ri
Rcv. George Bachelor. Secretary Amer-h
lean lean; Unitarian Association, Loweli,as
Rey Alfred w. Arundel, Trinity N
church. PittsburE. Penn. -
Rcy. Charles James Wood, ST. Joints
Church, York. Penn. {il333sE A
Rev. Edward Everett Hale, D. D., SOUTH:
CONGREGATIONAL Church, Boston, Rias4ss
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
Deeds of Bargain ana Sale.

In consideration of the sum of 81. 100
~. G. Williams assigns to NJ w. Jcu-
kins all the personal property of cv-
cry descriptionSon the premises No. l,3
Main street, known as the "Impcrial
saloon"
NJ. w. Jenkins to Thompson and Au-
ioney, all the personal property of cv-
cry description on the premises No. l73
Main street, known as the Imperial
saioon,' considcra ton, $500
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
Exports of CoaI.

Following Is a statement Of the OK
ports of coal as cleared by William,
Lamb & Co., agents for Cashier, &
Curran for week ending October 3lst
1895. inclusive: Foreign, l,i75h tons
coastwis!s. 32.5Tl tons; total, "a .046 !!
tons. Total from January I, 1895, tc
October 81, 1895, 1,345 900 tons.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
Bn{loti.

George Brice, colored, who was con-
victcd at the last term OF the Corpora
ton Court for carrying concealed weap-
ons. and fined $50 and costs. was bailed
for sixty days yesterday in The sum of
$40, to allow his opportunity To earn
the amount OF his fine. Adostin Cuff
fee entered aS his surety
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
MUNYON'S
Cold and Cough Cures
Promptly ETcctunl Il, Curing Grin,
Colds. and Coughs nnd Sure
Preventive of Pneumonia and All
Lung Diseases.

Munyon's Cold Cure will positively
break up the grip or II cold In IL few
hours II taken as soon as the cold mp
pears. When the cold reaches the lungs
ana there is cough ana oppressed
Dfcn thing Munyon's Cough Cure. used
IN attenuation with the Cold Cure every
NAH hour, Will effect an Immediate
cure. When there Is pain in the chest
munyon's Plasters will give great relief
ana act rs Il protection. These rCne-
DIES are sure preventive of pneumonia
and lung troubles.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
SERMONS FOR Al
BY FAMOUS PREACHERS,

!, During the coming Winteran important step
will be taken by THE VlRGINIAN in present.
ing each Sunday a sermon by one OF the proni-s
f nent clergyn1en Of the world written especially
l y: our readers hese sermons are to be en-
need Of good reading all persons feel on Sundav.8
supplying q 81
Heretofore it has been difficult to secure
m ma up to the standard of paper such as
LIE Vlf}GlNlAN, but now an association has
been organized to supply these sermons, it being
IecognIzed part OF its Christian work THE
VlkGlNiAN is very glad Of this opportunity, it
seekSito be found foremost in giving heartysup-
port to any worthy cause, and it feels assured
me s1 influence OF this step on the part Of the 4
clergy IN the country in the way of Iiberaity
and fellowship will result in much good fruit.
he following are the names Of some Of the s
GO contributors for the coming winter months.
lle INITIAL sermon will be contributed by
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
Cornorntinn Court.

judge flanckel was busy all day yes
terday III his Office stamping and
counting the ballots TO be used I'm the
NoNember election. consequently no
business was transacted in his court.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

WANTED- y thoroughly competent
pullotnE ana loan agent To represent us
IN Norfolk, Richmond ana Eastern Nir-
S f.1iIt -, y Address THE CAL.SERT
TON, Baltimore. Md. oc3-3t
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

NANI Ep-By two gentlemen. two nice
~ furnished rooms and good board In
private family: good loca ton. Address
"B," care Nirginian. nol-3t
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

w ANTED Two good mules: must bc
sound. gentle. fair sized and warrant
spot cash: state where can he seen. Ad-
dress. .AIlL.L." Cnre NirginIan nol-tr
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
HELP WANTED.

BUILDING, LOAN AND LIFE INSU-
rance combined: exceptional induce
Inents offered TO tirst-clnss solicitors.
Room 81 Haddington building, city. .
TO 10 Il. IN. motif
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
A DAY IN THE COURTS
Detective Richardson Creates More Excite
ment and Is Threatened With a Fine.
CRITICISED THE JUSTICES ACTS
Negro. Fiim-Fla,nmcr is Himself
Made TO Pay Costs in a Case ira
which He HAD HIS Would ne vic-
tim Arrcsted-In the several other
Courts OF the CITY.

Justice Seneca had small docket yes
terday and had 1t not been for the ex-
element created by Detective Richard
son, the session of the court would have
Deen u quiet and orderly one. AS II was,
however. the detective again acted in
SUCH manner that Justice Seneca
threatened to fine him for contempt If
ne again gave way to his tongue and
tor
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

ANTED--Salcsmen Energetic men to
sell goods by sample ut home or tray
el: easy seller: staple goods: liberal
salary or good commission. Addres j.
o. Box HOS, New York city.
nu30-th. Sa-26;
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

NASTED-An active partner with $500
or SS,oou TO engage III n wcl-cstablished
furniture and carpet business in one Of
the most prosperous cities in the South
FOR pitrtieularS address ''BCSlNESS,'
care Norfolk NiEinian oC3l-iw
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
FOR RENT.
FOR SALE.

FOR SALE-Dcsirablc building lots on
south side lovitt avenue Brambleton.
Apply al 200 Lovitt nv enlic oc3l-3t .
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. to sell staple goods
AT home or travel: liberal salary or
good commission We send samples on
applications; give exclusive territory.
Address 4. .. Box llOa. n. Y. CiiY
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

WANTED-Sacond hand counters and
ana show cases. Address "B," care
Nirglnian. noI-3t
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

WANT Five Experienced Building and
Loan Solicitors well acquainted in Nor
folk aud adjacent towns. . VIII pay
salary with commission. Call oil w
NJ. PARR. ut Atlantic Hotel Norfolk
between ana 1 u. IN uIli-tf
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

LADIES
Needing tonic, or children who want builoi
ing up. should take
BROWNS IRON HITTERS.
@liousness, Liver Complaints and Ne9relgins
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
MnrrinIc I.ice,lscs.

Jacob Abramson to Annie Balsei
white.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

SA1.ESMEN--Onc locally and one to
travel: Will pay good salary and cX-
penseS or commission; orders easily oh
tanned: experience unnecessary: FOR
Snmpies and ntrticul ars address T.. -
BOX i20 New Work city.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02
SPECIAL NOTICES.

lOST-lair SpectucIcs between 1872 York
ana lol Main street. Finder will be suit
ably rewarded. noo-It,
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

FIRST-CLASS BOARD, with or Without
rooms. can be- obtained in West End,
very accessible to business centre Ad-
dress "a. Il. c. T. .. Box 2S2 no2-2t
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

CONSULTING ELECTRICAL ENGI-
NEER.-M. ~ Agelasto, 81 Plume st.
The Norfolk Virginian. [volume] (Norfolk, Va.) 186?-189?, 1895-11-02

kev II. Hcber Newton, New York, N Y
ltt Rev. William Lawrence, s. 4, D..
.nshop of massachusetts, Cambridge
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
Visiting Niagara Falls.

Speculation is often heard as to the
number Of visitors to Niagara Falls.
Some light il thrown on the subject
by the return of the electric road run
ming along the Canadian bank from
Queenstown to Chippewa, through
Victoria Park. 1t appears that the
travel for the season up to November
reached about 49, 900 passengers.
This road skirts the river all the way
within n few feet of the end of the
bluff, and is operated by the water
power of the great Horse Shoe Falls,
the generators, being driven by tur-
bines which receive water through a
canal just above the fall and discharge
under the veil of tumbling foam and
spray. The plant is of 5000 horse
power. 1t was the first large utili-
zation of the energy of Niagara, and
it is now proposed to parallel the road
with another on our own shore, which
shall have the peculiar attractiveness
of running out on brackets at the foot
of the cliff, and will thus put the tour
list right over the boiling waves OF
the Whirlpool Rapids. If 100000
horsepower is taken from Niagara
for all classes of work. it is estimated
that the withdrawal of the water from
it's natural channel will make a diff
ference of but 1 or 2 inches in the
thick green sheet falling over the
Horseshoe.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
HELEN KELLERs


niina' Deaf and Dumb, Ent ~ Marve'
lous Mind.
The chief interest Of the c6mmence-
ment exercises of the Perkins insti-
tute for the blind centered in Helen
Keller, the little girl made deaf and
dumb and blind by illness at the age
of nineteen months. During then last
three years Helen had learned tor ar
ticulate, and her contribution to the pf-
ternoon programme was selection
from Longfellow's poem, Flowers, !"
thirty-siX lines in length read in a
clear and natural voice. When it is
remembered that three years ago Hell
ems audible vocabulary consisted of
only five words-'papa," mamma"
baby" teacher" and sister" what
she has accomplished seems the more
wonderful. In March, 1890. she took
the first eleven lessons in audible
speech. These lessons are all that she
has taken, for her success is largely
due to her own interchangeable zeal. At
the end of month she could speak to
those about her so as to be under
stood, and to-day she can express all
her thoughts in fluent and ineligible
speech. She likes to have people talk
to her orally. rather than by signs, and
she gets their meaning by reading the
motion of their lips with her fingers.
The most intelligent Of deaf mutes
hitherto taught to articulate have never
equalled Helen's quickness, and she
shows the same quickne IS in every
branch. Three months after receiving
her first lesson In French, she was able
to write correct and easy letter in
this language. Her memory, too, is
marvelously retentive. One Of her feats
was the committing to memory of a
carol by DR.. Brooks. which had been
read to her only twice.-Chicago Inter
Ocean,
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
NeutraIixing Arsenic Vnpors.

The counties of Cornwall and De-
Won, in England, are the center of II
thriving arsenic manufacturing in
dustry. In the process of production
of this mineral the arsenical pyrites
are roasted and condensed in long
flues, some of which run for half u
mile. Formerly, even with the great
est care, much of the arsenic would
be uncOndensed, and the escaping
fumes constituted source. of danger
to cattle many of which died from
eating grass in the neighborhood of
the works. The frequent actions for
damages which ensued at last slim
ulated the manufacturers to remedy
the evil. This has been accomplished
by means of wash towers, a dry filter
made of brushwood, gorse, etc. which
Is found to arrest almost the whole OF
the arsenic fumes in the escaping
gases. 1t is recorded that in test
made without the filter there was as
much as IA grains of arsenic fumes
in a cubic foot of the gases passing
into the air, whereas the average is
now less than L of Il grain per cubic
foot. This result has been fastened
by the recent agitation in England in
favor of purer air for the people OF
cities and manufacturing districts.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
Things Learned In the Morgue.

The old keeper of the morgue in this
city, who has seen hundreds of TN
known bodies exhibited for identified
ton, has arrived at some interesting
conclusions II the face of the dead
p, rson is perfectly composed and nat.
ural. of course intimate frlenlls or
relatives recognize them Immediately.
But, he says, if the face is distorted
through pain or disfigured through in
juiies, a casual acquaintance can iden-
tify the body much quicker than the
closest relation. He explains this by
saying that people who have known a
person well for long time lose sight
Of the features and see rather the per-
sonalty reflected in the lines Of the
face. A casual acquaintance notes the
features and can recognize them when
seen again. even if considerably dis
Observation-Disclosures Record.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
.Cieveland." i'm Many States.

There is Cleveland in each Of tn,
states, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Illinois, Kan
sas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Neva-
da, New Mexico, New York, North
Carolina. Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee,
Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington,
West Virginia and Wisconsin, and
they are printed in cold type without
any more distinction for Cleveland,
Ohio, than is accorded to six other
money order Offices of the same name.
The Ohio city was named for Moses
Cleveland, the "a" in whose name was
knocked out to accommodate a news
paper with narrow columns.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
THE FAT woM..N.s ntrENGE.
How She Got Even with the Between A,

How She Got Even With the Between Act
Bore.
Apropos of the thcater, saw some
thing one other night within the last
seven that filled me with totally I'M
holy glee, says a writer in the Wash
ington Post. A woman sat in front of
me. She was decidedly plump-in fact,
she was what Illinois people call corn
fed. She was bareheaded, too, by the
way, and before the play began and
after every act she had to stand up
and let man who sat near her pass
out. 1t was tight squeeze every time.
and as the man did not say Pardon
me-" beg your leave" or anything
else to show the faith that was in him,
l could see that the tide OF that fat
woman's wrath was rising until its
crimson edge made the struggling
fringe below her back hair bristle in
dignantly, AZ last the play was over,
and the man wanted to rush out to
join two women friends-undoubtedly
he'd have called them lady friends
whom he had noticed near. But did he
rush? Well. If he did his rush wasn't
visible to the naked eye. That fat wo-
man sat down and put on her rubbers.
Then she replaced her gloves, which
she had taken off, Then she stood up,
blocking the passage, while she put ON
her hat, adjusted her veil. and button
ed her cloak And all the while the man
was dancing with Impotence, unable
| to get out, and the two lady friends
We're passing out of the door. At last
| the fat woman moved, and the man
well, inasmuch as nothing so much
angerS man as punishment he
knows he deserves, you can Imagine
how he looked. For my part, Thought
it was delightful, and If l ever meet
that fat woman / mean to tell her so.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
The Ant-Enfer

A strange looking creature is the
ant-eater. His name describes his hab-
its, and nature seems to have designed
him for exactly the work which he
performs. He opens ant hills and
kills, by making his dinner Of them,
all OF their inhabitants. He is GER
tainly useful animal, although q
most unpleasant and peculiar looking
one.
He resides in Brazil Perhaps he lives
there because ants and ant hills are
there in plenty, or perhaps the ants
and ant hills are put there because
he lives there to eXterminate them. For
ants are terrible pests in that hot coun-
try. They swarm through the houses
and eat everything which comes in
their way. Clothes, books and fur
mture, wool, paper and wood, even to
the beams of the houses are not safe
from destruction by these terrors. And
so, of course, the animal who lives but
by their destruction 10 considered q
most necessary friend.
He has curious long. sharp claws
with which he tears open the ants
homes. lie mas very long nose, Fair
as long as his body, and he can poke
it far into the ant houses in his search
for food. And he has a very long, slen-
der and sticky tongue, which he darts
in and out very rapidly, catching UP
with it dozens, perhaps hundreds Of
ants, at every motion.
Another odd thing about him is his
tail. 1t is a busy one, covered with
long gray hair. 1t looks like a mon
strous gray mat, and when he lies
down it covers him completely, serv-
ing the excellent purpose Of keeping
MIN warm and helping to conceal
him. He makes his home in the woods,
and it is usually at night that he prowls
about, devouring few million ants
In the course Of his search for enough
dinner.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
A Character.

a queer old fellow, spoken of in the
Life and "reminiscences" of Sir
George ]. Elvey, was belfry keeper at
st. Georges chapel, Windsor, when
Sir George was organist there. The
duties of his post included blowing the
organ and digging the graves, and in
both of these occupations Roach was
decidedly unconventional. The organ
list congratulated him one day ON his
appointment, and Roach took him IA
miliarly by the arm.
III tell you what, young SIR said
he, whenever you wants wind you
shall ave it."
The first Sunday of his new duties,
just as the voluntary was concluded,
he shouted out loudly enough for ey-
cry one to hear:
Done, sir?" At which unseemly con-
duct, the shocked organist fed from
the loft.
On one occasion he was digging a
grave for military knight, and one
of the old knights said to him:
You are getting very full here,
Roach
Il mean to have a whole row of you
along here" said Roach calmly.
But the most eccentric deed con-
nected with Roach dates from the
death of King William ". The belfry
keeper had received hint that the
king was near his end, and consequent
ly waited about until he received
news that all was over. Then he re-
paired to the deanery in haste, and
reused the inmates by ringing the
bell at the cloister entrance, with all
his might and main. 1t was useless
for the butler to ask him, What do
you want here at this time of night
His business was with the dean, and
no one else. That distinguished per-
son, reused from his slumbers, called
from the top of the stairs:
What is the matter, Roach
Billy be dead. Be 1 to ring the
bell?"
What Billy
The king,'t be sure"
The dean gave him permission, and
"Billy's" knell was sounded.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
He Knew.

There is a vast difference between
a learned man and an ignoramus.
For instance, when Fogg asked Dun
dahead how it was that birds could
fly, Dundahead could only reply:
"'Cause they can"
But when kutchins was asked the
same question, he settled his head in
his collar, pursed up his lips, and de-
hvered himself thus:
The secret of the birds flight is
due entirely to the fact that the bird
possesses the power to sustain itself in
and to propel itself through the air.
Fogg very truely remarks that the
solution seems easy enough after it is
found, but none but u wise man would
have discovered il. Boston Tran
lnI,int
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
A Philadelphia Directory of 1871.

An interesting relic in the shape of a
Philadelphia directory for 1871 is
owned by Detective Jones, of the Phil
adelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore
railroad. whose home is at Whining
ton, Del. 1t was compiled by Clement
Boddle, and printed by James and
Johnson, at AT High, now Market,
street At the time Of its publication
Philadelphia was the seat of the fed
eral government, and it contains,
among other things, the names and
residences of the principal federal Off
Gals. The first Of these Is President
George Washington, Philadelphia, 100
High street The entire American tar
if law of that period is printed upon
four small pages.-Philadelphia Rec
ord.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
Chinese signboards.

The Chinese use signboards to desig-
nate their places of business, but they
do not at all resemble signs as we
know them in this country. Their
signs would be as follows: delight
full abode of virtue and happiness, !"
Ten thousand happinesses, and the
like. They have several notices:
among them this very sensible one,
"A man without a smiling face must
not open shop" Instead of saying
that you cannot engage in business
without capital, their motto is, "You
must have couple of grains of rice
to catch a fowl. Outlook.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
He Knew HIS Limit.

The tramp had applied at the kitch-
en- door of house in New England,
and a slim maid had appeared.
Maid, ourtly What do you wantp
Tramp, in his politest manner
Something TO eat, please.
Maid IN have to see the landlady.
Tramp, interrupting Excuse me;
but is this boarding houseP
Maid-Of course il is.
Tramp-rhen | desire toiwithdraw
my request. amt very strong, and
feed of mashed beef would about kill
me. Extend my compliments and re-
grets to the landlady (then he bowed
himself out. Truth.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1895-01-24
California Excursions.

Pullman tourist sleeping-car excursions
to California and Pacific coast points
leave Chicago every Saturday and Kansas
City every Sunday via Santa Fe route.
Ticket rate from Chicago, $3.50; from
Kansas City, $35. Sleeping-car rate from
Chicago, Sc per double berth; from Kansas
City, SIS per double berth. Everything fur
nished except meals. The excursions are
personally conducted by experienced ex-
cursion managers, who accompany parties
to destination. For excursion folder con-
tanning full particulars, map folder and
time table of the Santa Fe route and re-
serving of sleeping car berths address S. NJ
Osgood, Gen. Agt. A., T. & S. F. X. r., Sa.
very House, Des Moines, Iowa.