The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-07

exudes from the wound. In the interval
of fortnight which is employed in this
operation, the first boxes become filed
with sap. An iron paddle, or rather dip
per, Is used to transfer it to the pals,
which In turn are emptied into casks
| placed at convenient distances. To in
crease the product, the upper edge of the
box is 'chipped" once a week, the bark
and portion of the sap-wood being re-
moved to the depth of one-half inch. The
boxes fill every three weeks, and the tur-
| pentine thus procured is the best and is
called pure dipping" or ''Virgin."
HACKED FOREST.
The clippings extend the first year
eighteen inches above the box to remove
the sap coagulated on the surface of the
wound. The closing of the pores, occa-
stoned by continuous rains sometimes,
exacts the same remedy; and it is to be
remarked that the product is less abund-
ant in moist and cool seasons.
The ''virgin'' tree, becomes ''yearling'
the second year, and the chipping is CON
tinued up the tree above the wounds
made the previous year. The product is
not as good as the virgin Dip and con
tinues to depreciate in quality and guam
tlty each year it is worked, until finally
it is abandoned.
1t is reckoned that fifty boxes yield
barrel containing 800 pounds. Some
hands can hack $500 boxes, others only
5000, which is considered an easy task
Generally 10,500 trees yield, in ordinary
years, 200 barrels of dip turpentine, and
fifty of scraping, the first year, which
suppOSeS the boxes to be emptied six or
seven times during the season. The
scraping lisa coating of sap which becomes
solid before it reaches the boxes, and
which is taken off in the fall of the year.
Spirits turpentine is procured by dis
m fiFae in lar.
torts. The crude turpentine is dumped
into the retort and the fire started in the
furnace under the kettle After the water
which is contained in the crude turpen-
tine has evaporated, more water must be
injected into the kettle. The fire is kept
up, and the operator watches closely the
process of boiling.
WATCHING THE KETTLE.
The "singing of the kettler tells the
operator, in unmistaken notes, the condi-
tion of the mass within, and he is thus
notified when less or more fire, or more
water is required in the process. AS the
vapor rises from the mass of turpentine.
it enters the worn" which is attached
to the kettle, and as it passes through il
condenses and runs out at the other end
OF the worm into q BARREL which is so
arranged as to allow the spirits to flow
from It into another barrel, while the
water settles to the bottom, and is let off
when that portion of the barrel is so full
as to come above the point where the spir-
its flows out. The spirits is then dipped
from the second barrel and poured into
casks for market. One cask of virgin dip
turpentine yields about forty-eight gallons
of spirits.
The residuum of the distillation, or that
portion Of the turpentine left in the ket-
tie, after the spirits has been extracted
is rosin. 1t is allowed to flow from the
kettle while still in a melted state, into
a large trough. From there it is dipped
and poured into barrels, and made ready
for shipment The quality of the rosin
depends entirly upon the quality Of the
turpentine which has been used in dis
tillation, and the experience of
the operator. Virgin turpentine pro
duces water white'' and "window
glass" rosins, while the other
conditions Of quality in the crude pro-
duct procures darker shades. The
"Scrapings" contain a less percentage of
spirits, and make the darker grades of
rosin.
THE LoNG-LEAvED PINE.
All OF the tar made in the southern
states is from the dead wood OF the
'long-leaved" pine, consisting of limbs
and trees FRUSTRATED by time and other
causes. As soon as the vegetation ceases
In any part Of the tree, its consistence