davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27

animals killed by anthrax small fill
form corpuscles about twice the length
of blood globule; but no one seems to
have seen that these little bodies were
a terrible parasite, the cause of anthrax,
or rather anthrax itself, capable, in
spite of their infinitely small dimensions,
of killing sheep, cattle or men. This
discovery also was reserved for Nd. Pas
teur, who took up the question with his
accustomed decision and vigor, ana
isolated the micor-organism ard cultl-
waited it on bouillon. incubation with
these preparations conveyed anthrax ana
never anything else.
Now that he had entered on such a
promising path he did not stop, but while
studying chicken cholera he showed that
it's microbe might have its virulence at
tenuated and become vaccine matter
against itself, a vaccine matter with
fixed yirulence, lasting from culture TO
culture, in word keeping its properties
as a vaccine matter. 5.aS
In the same way M. Toussalnt had al
ready found that heat lessons the
yirulence of the microbe of anthrax and
changes it into vaccine matter. But
neither heat nor the action of antlseptlc
substances nor the cultivation OF this
microbe on special media appear to
have the same fixity of action as atmos-
pheric oxygen. Organization is the
principal agent of the vaccine. matters
used since the famous experiment. OF
Pouilly-le-F Fort pretty much everywhere
for vaccination against the disease.
Danger from Earthworms.
Finally M. Pasteur took the closing
step in the matter by examining the ques-
ton why anthrax is perpetuated in GER
tain countries The germs of anthrax
buried at depth Of fifty centimetres
or a metre with the body of their victim
become mixed with the earth and live
for years in the state of spores. But
how do they come back to the face of the
soil and spread the disease? 1T is the
earthworms that are the vehicles of the
disease. which they bring from the
depths OF the surface mixed with the
soil that they have swallowed. and these
germs are scattered over the fields and
are constant source of cOntaglOn Tor
the sheep or cattle that are grazing.
Whence the deduction that tits neces-
sary to set aside for the burial of ami
mails killed by anthrax space enclosed
with care, into which healthy animals
shall never penetrate, and to choose as
far as possibl dry and calcareous
ground Ill which earthworms VIII have
difficulty in living.
Treatment of Rabies.
We now come to the last stage of NJ.
Pasteur's scientific life.
In 1850 he began with his collaboration,
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
The Quorum Counting Rule.
TCorr. n. Y. Recordsr,1

There can be only one direct line
between two given points" said Mr.. Reed
to group of his friends on the floor.
"There are any number of indirect and
crooked lines, and the Democrats are just
now trying to sauint at these crooked
ways. but they will have to come the
one straight way sooner or later"
He was talking the question over a
little later with group of Democratic
congressman who were engaged in trying
to devise some method of declaring the
presence of quorum without allowing
the Speaker to count it. "Of course
we must admit in the first place" said
Reed, " that the. Democratic party never
changes. 1t would be a very simple thing
for the House to avoid all EN- barrassment
by adopting preamble to the change III
the rules something like this:
Whereas, The Democratic party never
changes, and is the same yesterday to-
day and forever; and,
Whereas, Tom Reed was tyrant;
therefore,
Resolved, That we count quorum.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
PORTLAND DAILY PRESS
MAINE STATE PRESS.
subscription Rates.

Subscription Rates.
DAILY Qn advance) Sc per year; So for six
months; S15o quarter; 80 cents month.
The DAILY is delivered every morning by
carrier anywhere within the city limits and at
Woodfords without extra charge.
DAILY (Not in advance), invariably at the
rate of 81 a year.
MAINE STATE PRESS, (Weekly) published
every Thursday. So per year; 81 for six months F;
so cents a quarter; % cents for trial suoscrlp-
ton of six weeks.
Persons wishing to leave town for long or
short periods may have the address OF their
paper changed as often as desired.
Advertising Rates.
In DAILY PRESS $3.50 per square, first
week. rs cents per week after. Three inser-
tions or less. Sl.oo per square. Every other
dav advertisements, one third less than THESE
rates.
Half square advertisements S1.oo per week
first week: half price each succeeding week.
"A Square" is a space of the width OF col
umn and one inch long.
snecfal Notices, on first page, one third ad-
ditional.
An,usernents and AUCTION Sales, $500 per
square eacH week. LII oo iii'oi ' -
$3.50 per square.
Reading Notices in noDparell type ana
classed with other paid notices, 20 cents per
line each insertion.
Pure Reading Notices in reading matter type
25 cents per line each insertion.
Wants, To Lett For Sale and similar aoNei-
ments. 25 cents per week, in advance. 1or ~
words or less, 10 display. Displayed aoFer-
tisements under these headlines, ana all aaVer-
tjsements not paid in advance, Will be chafgeo
at regular rates.
In MAINE STATE PRESS $1.oo pes SQUARE
for first insertion, and fifty cents per square ioi
each subsequent insertion.
Address all communications relating 10 suo'
scription and advertisements to PORTLAND
PUBLIsHINs Co., 81 EXCHANGE STREET
PoRTLAED. ME.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27

New England's getting free coal which
was about the only concession made to it
in the Wilson bill is growing beautifully
lees
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
PASTEUR'S GREAT WORK.
EpitOme of a Brilliant INVESTIGATORS
Achievements.

Studies In Fermentation. Disease In Silk
Worms. Canses OF Anthrax And the
Cure For Rabies
European Edition New York Herald7
M. Pastur had the rare good fortune to
be present last year at his own apotheosis
in which France and all other civilized
nations came to salute in his person the
beneficial and civilizing side of science.
He owes this to the Incompatible ser
vices that he has rendered to the medical
practice of today 1t is not my inten-
ton to pass in review all the labors of
the great savant, but only those among
them that are connected with medicine
four in umber-and in the following
order: First, the different forms of fer
mentation; second, silkworms' disease
third, anthrax, and fourth rabies.
The Different Forms of Fermentation.
1t has been known from time imme-
mortal that ii liquid containing nitro
genous principles ferments when left
exposed to the air-that is to say, trans
forms itself into liquid lacking GER
tain portion of its contents and enclos-
ing new substances created by the pro
cess of fermentation. This liquid III
turn will undergo incessant modifica-
tons, until by means of ii series of sue
cessive transformations all its organic
contents are destroyed and reduced to
the simple forms of water. carbonlc
acid, oxygen and ammonia.
In this way the albuminoid contents
Of wine, beer and cider are progressively
reduced to a gaseous condition aud re-
stored to the atmosphere, or else To the
form of mineral salts, soluble in water.
The air and water regain. therefore, BY
means of fermentation, the elements
which the grapes, hops and apples de-
rived from them to construct the nitro
genous portions of their tissues.
sssa Elements to Insure Stability.
In the same way the body of living
being, that is, of man, contains a large
amount of heterogeneous organic matter
the albuinine and fibrine of our organs
and humors-of which the fundamental
property in live state is to be insolub BILE
in water and alcohol. This in
solubility insures stability in life,
but Immediately after death
the putrefaction of fermenta-
ton of this organic substance begins,
and, little by little, through a success
ion of lamentations, it redescends the
scale of matter until it is no longer any
thing but mineral residuum, or gases
restored to the atmosphere, or substances
held in solution in water.
There is. therefore. no more powerful
phenomenon on the surface of the globe
than that OF fermentation, since by the
methodical destruction of everything
that has lived this ferment ation insures
and regulates the life of beings that are
going to live in their turn by deriving
from the air and water the substances
of which they have need and which
fermentation has provided for them. In
this way the cycle of the living forms
of matter Is perpetuated, from the
animal to the gases of the atmosphere
and to the mineral salts dissolved in the
water in the soil, whence spring in turn
the vegetables, food for the heterogeneous
portion of animals.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
Studies in Fermentation.

When NJ. Pasteur began the study of
ferms tatlon tine first obstacle that met
him WAS the opinion commonly accepted
by chemists that the oxygen of the air is
the principal factor of the phenomenon
of fermentation, but it did not take him
long to prove, with the help of numer-
GUS experiments, that fermentation, the
everlasting movement of matter, is gov
erned by microscopical plants, by mi
crobes, and that each fermentation or
each form of change in organized mat
ter has its special microbe, so that these
infinitely small elements are the regu-
Iatrs of life on the surface of the globe,
since they are the reductive agents of
organic matter that has lived, and since
by this reduction they are necessarily re-
constituting the water, air and soil in
which new forms of life can find the
food for their nutrition. h5ss
In addition to this, M. Pasteur proved
that there is no such thing as spontane-
Gus generation, as was generally admit
ted at that time, but that every form of
life, however small, proceeds from ele-
ments similar to themselves and scat
tered in every direction around us.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
9. FIR il,
o Congress and Franklin SITS" Portland, Me. -


M. Roux, the study of rabies. He first
found that the virus Of rabies only ex-
lists in pure state in the nervous system
brain, medulla oblongata, spine or
nerves of dog or rabbit killed by
rabies He then found that by placing
directly the virus. that is to say the
bran pulp, on the surface of the brain
of a dog under experiment, the uncer-
tainty of the period of Incubation was
done away with. Soon, after series OF
NEGOTIATIONS from rabbit to rabbit,
these animals, when inoculated in the
brain, died from rabies after fixed
period of incubation of seven days.
NJ. Pasteur had therefore in his possess
sion pure virus with regular and
constant action and was in position to
take the last step in the subject. 1t is
here that the ingenuity and resource
tulness of his powerful mind showed
themselves. Previously to that time the
microbes that M. Pasteur had domesti-
Gated and overcome were known to him;
but now he had to fight an invisible
enemy, and this is how he proceeded.
AS he could not act directly on the
microbe of rabies, he undertook to
attenuate it in its abode of prediction,
the nervous tissues. He therefore took
the spine of dead rabbit and set it to
dry in bottle with two tubes ontain-
ing dry air. Each day the tissue and
virus lost little of its strength, which
was reduce to minimum on the fifteenth
day.
Successful incubation.
Once in possession of scale of viru-
fence going from the deadly nervous
tissue in a fresh condition to the attenu-
ated tissue two weeks old he began his
vaccina6ing experiments with
dogs before and after infection
by inoculating fragments of
tissue mixed with sterilized water and
of increasing virulence. 1t was found
that dogs treated in this way, even after
being bitten. and even after being
trephined and inoculated. usually re-
covered, or rather did not develop rabies
in other words, were vaccinated.
M.Pasteur was at this point of his ex-
periments when an occasion presented
itself to apply them in a practical way.
which was done with complete success
in July. 1855, when Il youth named
Meister, who had been badly bitten by
Il mad dog. was inoculated. Since that
time incubation against rabies has
been steadily carried out at the pasteur
Institute, and there are but few who
now question its harmiessness and
efficacy.
1t will be seen from this summary that
NJ. pasteur has opened new horizons to
medicine, principally as regards the
prophylaXis of contagious diseases.
Medicine was formerly the art of curing
diseases, but now it , is the art of pre-.
venting their occurrence.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27

The subcommittee of the Senate COM
mIttee on finance have informed the
Louisiana Senators that they are willing
to consent to duty of one cent pound
on sugar, and the Maryland and West
ViroInia Senators that they will make
no opposition to duty on coal of thirty
seven and one half cents ton.
The Louisiana and Maryland people have
not yet accepted the offer, hoping that
they can cmpel further concessions, as
they probably can. Thus the chance OF
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
THE PRESS
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 81.
REPUBLICAN NOMINATIONS.
FOR MAYOR;
p. BAXTER

FOR WARD OFFICERS;
Ward One.
Alderman-Charles F. Dam.
CounciImen- Nathaniel Haskell, Fred
erick J, Ilsley, and Fred E. Anderson.
School Committee-Albeft B. Hall.
Warden-Edward H. Sargent
Ward Clerk-Osman c. Munroe.
Constables-Dana H. Miles, Edward K.
death.
A!derman-C Charles W. Hadlock.
Councilmen-R. Cutler Libby, Daniel
Davis and Thomas rockingham.
Warden-Clement S. johnson.
Ward Clerk-William J. Stephenson.
nstables-George H. Williams and
Frank E. Haggett.
Ward Three.
For Alderman-Zenas Thompson.
For COMMUNICATIONS @. Kent,
Walter L. Lefavor and Peter 5. Nlckerson.
School Committee-William II. Brown
For Warden-Willard C.G. Carney.
For Ward Clerk-William F. Morse.
For Consta bles-Oliver Skill1ngs and
Joseph W. Riley.
Ward Four.
decentralization +. Redlon.
Councilmen Silas E. Sylvester.
Nathaniel ". Morse and Patrick q.
Melody.
Warden-George C. Jose.
Ward Clerk-Robert A. Fegg.
Constables-Frank Merrill, William 5.
Morse.
Ward Five.
Alaerman-Frank HI. Little.
Councilman-Frank G. Johnston, Il.
Stuart Laughlin, John 7. Pagan.
School Committee Edwin F. Vose.
Warden-George W.Sylvester.
Ward Clerk-John Howard Hill.
Coustables-E ben N. Perry and Henry
s. Trasher.
Ward Six.
Aiderman-Charles H. Randall.
Councilmen-Frank F. Holland, Chas.
JMcDaaald, Henry S. Payson.
Waglen-Edwin A. Gray.
W4qa Clafx--William G.Soulde.
onstabies-Samuel W. Joy, Clarence
A.Johnson.
Ward Seven.
AIdsaa.n-Edwin L. Smith.
Cou q .1lmen-Daniel F. Nash, Charles
E. S19w, Henry Soule.
Waftten-Lyman W. Hanson.
Ward Clerk-Herbert o. Philips.
Consta bles-Charles A Jones, Charles
f. Cousins
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
The campaign against the House of

The campaign against the House Of
Lords, which few days ago seemed to
be close at hand has been indefinitely
postponed by the final decision of the
majority of the peers to accept the
Parish councils bill in substantially the
form in which it passed the Commons.
All the amendments that were made
when the bill was first presented to them
they have now abandoned. Lord Sails
bury was in favor of sticking to them,
but the majority of the Lords refused to
follow him.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27

The Democrats OF Eastport have not
been able to find candidate for Mayor,
and the prospect is that the Republican
candidate will be elected without opposi-
ton. The blow to the sardine business,
struck by the Wilson bill, has made
Democrats very scarce in that neigh bor-
ho01
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
The Disease of silkworms.


While M. Pasteur was making these
experiments an epidemic was ravaging
the silkworm departments of the south
of France and threatening the prosperity
of this industry. For several years a
large proportion of the silkworms seemed
sometimes very early in their existence,
while at others only at later period,
their body seemed to be covered with
brown spots and their skin looked as
though it had been peppered. AT the
same time. they lost their appetite, wilted
away and died even before spinning
their cocOons.
In other cases the disease seemed to be
more mysterious still; the worms accom-
plished their evolution and spun their
cocoons as usual, and from the chrysalis
the butterflies broke forth, of which the
females laid eggs. The following yeas
the eggs coming from parents that were
healthy, or appeared to be, the cocoonf
of which had given an abundant crop or
silk. these eggs after the period of incu-
baton gave birth to larvae covered with
the disease, and which all persisted be-
fore the completion of their normal
growth.
Discovery of Parasites.
NJ, PaSCeur discovered GudG GlG DldCk
spots were living parasites, and from
this fact deduced the idea that the dis
ease was contagious. He then demon
strated that there were three modes of
contagion in this disease-by contact
with contaminated food, by incubation
of the skin and by atmospheric dust
His conclusion was that in order to
eradicate the disease it would be neces-
sary to throw away all eggs coming from
diseased butterflies and to keep only for
| the following season those coming from
a healthy source.
This method of procedure had at first
more success in Italy, where it made
| the fortune of those who adopted it in
| their establishments, hut it was not
| long in gaining general favor, and nova
days wherever the silkworm is cultivat-
| ed the principles and method laid down
! by M. Pasteur are vigorously followed.
The two forms of heredity, that Of the
| seed and that of its surroundings, were
| therefore clearly defined and studied BY
| Nj. Pasteur in his researches Oh SILK
worms; he was, therefore in 1865 much
better prepared for the study of the
human contagious diseases than the
greatest physicians OF the day, and ne
began them by his Investigations al
anthrax
Causes of Anthrax.
As far back as 1850 NM. Dayaine ana
Rayer had discovered i'll the blood OIL
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27

Seven Democratic Senators are believed
to be opposed to the Wilson bill in it's
present form, and SO strongly hostile
that they will not vote for it unless it is
amended. They are Senators, too, whom
the President is not likely to be able to
coneiliate with patronage.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27

Mr.. Bland, yesterday, gave up his at
tempt to limit debate on the seigniorage
bill That is practically acknowledge
ment of defeat.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1894-02-27
Causes of Anthrax.

As far back as 1850 NM. Davaine ana
Rayer had discovered i'll the blood OIL
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1894-06-14
Sins and SAnnegS,

Fl. z. Weeds, a. cripple Creek, CClo.,
business man, was kidnapped by striking
miners,
Leonard w. Marsh of Kansas City
shot his, wife and daughter, but their
lives were saved by their corsets,
An elderly Chicago man on the eve
of his marriage, is drugged atid robbed
of over STAT yeOO!I q :. i Il i I
Two men rob passengers of n train
Mt Thompsda '5'alls, Mont, of 5000 in
cash and several Watches.
The case of Prendergast who mur-
dered Mayor Ha1gisop of Chicago viii
not be disposed Of till tall. -
Charles Shields was fined &40O at
Arcola, I'll, for selling liquor without
o license:
Several wagon loads OF gambling
house furniture, captured at Muncie,
Ind, In q police raid, was burned by
the police.
In q quarrel In saloon ut Peoria,
George Mcdonald shot and fatally in-
jured Joseph Spotwood, Both are col
ored,
John T., Hiler, who was cnITiesed of
bigamy in Bloomington, wasitaken to
the Joliet pBhitentfaFy, 'where he viii
remain a year ,'1'':'' y "''
The body of q man with his skull
crushed was found hanging to the limb
Of tree near Okean, Ark. He was I'M
doubtedly murdered.
The shortage Of G. b. McCloy, the
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1894-06-14

of deduction and analysis is one which
can only be acquired by long and pa
tient study, nor is life long enough to
allow any mortal to attain the highest
possible perfection in it. Before turn.
ing to those moral and mental aspects
of the matter which present the great
est difficulties, let the inquirer begin
by mastering more elementary prob
lens. Let him, on meeting fellow
mortal, learn at a glance to distinguish
the history of the man, and the grade
OF profession to which he belongs. Pu'
Grille as such an exercise may seem, il
sharpens the faculties of observation,
and teaches on where to look and what
tC look for. BY Il mans finger nails,
~ his &C atsleeve, by his boot, by Lis
trouSer knees, by the 'calloSitieS of his
fcretinger and thumb, by his express
sion. by his shirt cuffs-by each Of
these things mans calling is plainly
revealed. That all united should fail
to enlighten the competent inquirer in
iny case is almost inconceivable."
What ineffable twatdle" l cried,
slapping the magazine down on the
table. II never read such rubbish IL
my life!"
w nat Is III dSkeu SueflOCk 11OIuIeS
'Why, this article" l said, pointing
at it with my egg-spoon as L sat down
to my breakfast. Il see that you have
read it, since you have marked it. l
don't deny that it is smartly written.
1t irritates me, though. 1t is evidently
thH theory of some armchair lounger,
who evolves all these neat little para
doXcs in the seclusion of his own study.
1t is not practical. l should like to see
him clapped down in a third-class car
riage ON the Underground, and asked
to give the trades of all his fellow
travellers. I would lay a thousand to
one against him."
You would lose your money" Sher-
lock Holmes remarked calmly. "As for
the article, wrote it myself"
"Your'
Yes; have a turn both for observa,
ton and deduction. The theories which
l have expressed there, and which ap
pear to you to be so chimerical, are
really extremely practical-sO practical
that I depend upon them for my bread
and cheese"
And hOw? | asked, involuntarilys
(TO Be Continuedl