davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
FOR THE SUPREME COURT.
wheeler n. Peokhan's Name sent to tn
senate.

Wheeler n. Peokhams Name sent to the
senate.
wAsHIsarox Jan. 22.-Tho nomination Of
Whe,ls- II. Peckham TO be associate justice
OF the SUI RENE court. which was sent 20 the
senate to-day by President Cleveland. sent
Senator hi / hurryinR about the floor of the
senate in lively style. He was quickly in
CONSULTATION with members of the judiciary
committee who will pass ueon the nomina-
tion before 10 IL rapo ted TO the senate.
$ majors generally Thought that Judge
Peckbam, Of the court Of appeals Of New
York. was the man. bat hill explained such
is not the case, but that the present nomi-
nee was his brother. Indications ere strong
that the nomination will bo OPT osed upon
the same gTounds "a HornbloWer's was.
Peckham Is IN independent in politics, and
Is said TO have bolted the nomination OF
Hill for governor in 1883 aud 1888. The
New York senators we're not consulted by
ths president In making the selection.
NEW YORK, Jan. 22.-whesler II. Peck
ham is meu Der OF ths law fl ~ of Miller
Psokharn d Dixon. Ho was informed Of
his nomination this afternoon and was
much surprised, as the honor was en-
tirelr unsolioitel. lie declined 10 be
lntervie we'd in reference TO the matter and
would not say whether ho would aoceDt the
nomination OF not. Hs mover held any
Office except that Of district attorney OF
this county, to which position he was APP
pointed by then Gov. Cleveland, to M the
unexnired term OF John Mckson, who died
IN Office. Peckham only held this positIoa
a foW weeks, when he resigned.
His father. Rufus Peekham, now dead,
Was Judge Of the court of appeals. and his
brother, Ruins A. Peckham, is at resent
Judge OF the court OF appeals OF this state.
lie was born in Albany in 1884, and edu-
Gated at Union college; aiuEtsd from
Columbia law school ia 1854. and went
west TO St. Paul Hnd Minneapolis, where he
prscticsd Jaw until 1862. when he came
east. Tnen he became a member OF the
Fl M Of Miller. Stoutenburgh & Peckhanl.
which afterwards WAS changed TO Miller &
Psckhatn. and since 1850 has been known aH
Miller, Peckhan q Dixon. He first became
prominent during the Tweed trinl, when he
was associate counsel on behalf OF the eitV.
lie is president of the Bar association and
ID ointment anti-snapper.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
PANIC IN INDIA.
Due to the Closing OF the Mints TO
silver

Due to the Closing OF tho Mints 60
silver.
LONDON, Jan. 22.-A dispatch 10 the
Times from Calcutta SAYS there was another
very heavy fall in exchange to-day, the
condition OF tie money market being al
most one Of panic. Is is feared Secretary
OF state Kimberly may ACCEPT any rate
offered nt the next sale OF council bills.
The state Of the balances OF presidency
banks makes 10 practically certain shat
sec etary kimberly eau command fair
ssles II be only holds out q week or %
longer, bat the fact that he may surrender
is crippling all business.
A dispatch to the Times from Hong Kong
saws the brsak-down OF the Indian govern
msnt in attempting 20 maintain a fictitious
rate OF exchange. while leaving the future
ss uncertain rs before, has had the worst
possible effect. Business in Shanghai and
Hong Kong Is pafalyzoa.
The Globe says Iudian financial pros
poets ore 10 a state Of chaos, and without
any tendency 20 satisfactory solution. Ihs
Globe remarks that one great experiment
has collapasd, and she reversal Of ths at
tempt made in June 90 subject political
economy TO ofiicia! regulations really
amounts 20 "a confession OF failure.
Ihs ST. James Gazette severely criticis q
the past Indian polioy and SAYS. after de-
moralizing tade in June, the Indian gov
einments uniortunats experiment hsl
completely broken down, and its tardy re-
treat from an untenable position also meant
that Glsdstone's government "a az las
alive 20 the hazardous aud desperate nsturl
Of the financial game the Indian authori
ties are playing.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
JoTTlNGs ABOUT TOWN.

Antoine Campean and Others havs located
the Black Tail. Gold Bug and Free Coinage
lodes.
Tickets for the musicale az tho Conare-
qationnl church on Jan. 30 ore on sale az
Clewel's.
WI. Harrah has sold to Barbara Can
field fourth Interest Ia the San Juan lode
for 81, 600.
The taking Of oral testimony in the vii
son Harris case began Yesterday in Judge
Bucks deI artment Of the district court.
Joseph Davis has transferred TO Alex c.
johnson. tiustee. property Ia the swis of
the nv = OF section 30 township 10. north
of range west.
Sherih Cults Is expected bnek to-day
from Trenton. Mo, where he went after
II. II. Thompson, whose accounts as as
siguee of the Jackson Music Store we're al
legged 90 be incorrect.
Drs. c. Il. Miller aud c. A. Perrin pc -
20 med a successful operation on Ais Joe
Mardail. caused by the fracture Of tho
collar bone several months ago which has
been vory paiuful. Sho Is doing quite we'll
and vii probably he able 90 be out soon.
There will DO a soeia; 40 the fraidsncs of
Mrs. Gcbauor. SI2 Dearborn avenue ON
/ FRIDAY evening. Jan. 2i. for the benefit Of
/ CITY missionary wo L. An interesting p'o-
grnmme ~ being prepared aud refreshments
will be served. A cordial invitation 10 s1.
I tended 10 oyery body 60 attend.
The Midwinter Gold Mining aud Milling
company has been Incorporated by Carries
h. Hooth. ID. Nj. NeWhro. Elias siegeL
I Walter MnskeY, Grorce h. CASEY and ChaF.
| T.. Gable. OF silver bow COUNT. wish 500.
/ 90 capital Ia shares 90 81 eacE. 80 carr on
I operations Ia J.ferson county.
/ Mrs. Laura l.. nuvoY will sneak before
I tho Unity club this evening 40 the G.. A. a.
hnll. he subject. treatinl OF the advance
ment Of uomon to day ln tlc higher walks
OF life vi be especially interestinc IA
Wow OF the position uhich Mira hoWey oe-
cupied on the Worlds fair boa a Of lAdy
managers. . be public is cordially invited
X. n. Cult,s has brought suit in the dis
trict couri against samuel D. haulbY Tor
/ $1,000 damages. lie alleges that up "a
Dec - be vas employed a. brakeman on
| tho Northern Pacific railroad between Hell.
ena aud haryaYilie, but was discharged
| from ths position ON account of charge,
made By BaulbY 60 Superintendent Drim-
| son.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
TWAS SOMEWHAT CHILLY.

The Cold Wave Missed Very Few Places
IN tho state.
The rise in temperature over that Of
Sunday came yesterday "a predicted. but 10
didn't stay. Somsbody took the plug out
Of the thermometer about midday and the
mercury began falling steadily but slrely.
The minimum temperature on Sunday was
"A below zero. BY six o'clock yesterday
morning 10 had risen 20 "a above. Al IL
o'clock IL had crept up TO nine above. Then
il b. gan 20 hesitate. bat not for long. for
,he movement was soon downward. A.
two o'clock 10 was four below. An hour
later u was ten below. In another hour 10
had gotten down two more degrees,
aud AZ six in the evening the thst-
momster Registered l5.s below. The wind
that blew most OF the day. though light
eneugh 10 be searacly noticsabis a. other
temperatures. made the cold seem several
degrees more intense than 10 really was.
The snow, while nOt heavy. also served 20
add some disaRrseable featuros TO the dsT
The indications for to-Lay ae colder
weather aud ight snow.
Voiy few places throughout the state,
from which REPORTS were received. escaped
The cold wave. MissoulA reported twenty
above, Butte eighteen aud halispell ten.
while 40 Bozsman 10 was an even zero. A.
Glasgow 10 WAS twenty-hve below and
windy; Havre twenty-five below; Benton
ana Gleudive eighteen below Miles CITY
sixteen below; Chinook and Boulder four
teen below; Billings ten below; Big Timber
nine below aud foot OF snow; Livingston
ave below aud half foot OF snow; Town
send two below.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
Consequently Chas. Northrup Must
Stand Trial for the Killing
Of DurgGn.
Witnesses and tho Court Record
Disagree ABOUT His For
NOR Trial
N. &. Wilson, Once Manager OF the EnssT
Institute In Helena, Dios suddenly
In nozeman.

Special 10 Ihs Independent.
LivHosros. Jan 22-ln the trial Of Chns.
North uD this morning defendants attof-
noys moved for the discharge Of tho pris-
oner on the grounds that ho had been
plscel In former jeopardy. IA was set up
by ths defense that at tue frat trial. when
the jury disagreed. that neither Nofthrup
nor his counsel was present when the jury
was discharged, aud that this was former
jeopardy snd entitled defendant 20 his lib
eTty. Several witnesses who we're iuTymen
at ths first trial testified that Northrup was
not present when they we're discharged.
Northrup himself testified that he did not
hear. until the following morning. that tho
Jury had disagreed. The reoo IDS. hoWeve'.
showed shat defendant was present, and all
testimony relating 10 former jeopardy was
stricken out. The oase Wsnt 10 trial on Its
merits this afternoon.
j. i. hprowsil, principal witness for the
stats and an witness 10 the shooting,
testified that on the DAY previous TO she
killing the deceased and defendant quar-
relied; that DurQan went to HorT aud pur-
chased some liquor. and later on got full,
and threatened to whip Northrup; that
Northrup. on hearing OF the threat, armed
himself and hunted mp DurRan, when the
quarrel was renewed. DurgaR advanced
toward Northrup. threatening 20 whip himi
Horthfup pulled a Run and when Durgan
had advanced within about twelve feet OF
defendant the latter hrei twics in quick
succession. both shots taking effect; Duf-
gan soon after died from tho effects OF the
wounds. Witness testified that Diagram
hsd no deadly weapons and stated before
he died that he only intended 10 whip
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
CAKES WILL ANSWER
And the Men WIN Vote on the Subject {
strike.

And the Men WIN Vote on the Subject Of
strike.
NEw YoRK. jan. 22.-ReeeiVer Oakes, OF
the Northern Pacific. gave out to-day the
following answer to the circular letter is
eusd by Ives, Saturday last;
'"ro the stockholders of ths Northern Pa
cifo Railioad company; This circular
iust issued By the president OF tbs North
era Pacific Railroad company repeating
again his version Of Pfiaira should receive.
and will receive. proper answer. here Is
but one place where such unjust statements
can be met and that il Ia court. where
these charges are about to be examined. In
view OF the fact that these same matters
are TO be heard by the court within few
DAYS desire TO advice YOU that a. that
time / will make foil and complete answer
10. and explanation OF, every matter COM
planned of. IHoMAs A. OAKEs."
TAooMA. Jan. -. Northern Pacific en-
ployes, upon the advice of Robert G.. lu-
cersoll anu W. ". Erwin, OF ~. Paul. will
secret V vote on the question OF a general
strike, which the receivers enioined them
from doing. IL is claimed that the roads
attorneys tiled to induce Erwin not to aid
the employer.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
PERSONAL

Thomas A. Cummings is up from Fort
Benton.
Andrew J. Davis. OF Bate. is registered
nt ho IUlcna-
Judeo Hiram knowles came over from
Nisaoula yestsrday.
u. hores d. H. HIN aud ID. NJ. Noung
are among ths Great Fails Eeopls In the
ely.
Hon. Marcus DAILY passed through Helena
vsaterday on the west bound Great North
en- saurrss for Bate.
Rsv. 4. Y. Moore. who was called east
on the death OF his mother, Mrs. Nm.
Henry smith. loft Nashville. Tenn, foE
Helena yesterday.
Dr. G. L.. Mussigbrod came over from
Warm Springs yesterday. The doctor re
Gently celebrated the seveniy-sixth ami
vsTsarY OF his biith.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
Commodore Ku,.on'. Money aud wi,o

Commodore Ixttsons Money aud Wivos.
Sr. PAU. Jan. 22.-Judgs Willis. In ths
district court. to day began the hearing Of
testimony IN q suit pending between repre-
sentatives Of sophY Cfev,or. now deceased.
aud the heirs Of the late Commodore kitt-
son. a millionaire. Among the witnesses
la Cbades Perry, brother OF SophY Crsvier.
who u alleged by claimants Co be the hrat
Gnd only laWFul wife OF Norman W. Kilt
son, deceased. 10 her claim Is ever estHb-
ished it will make illegitimaie children of
every one OF the ktttson heirs living. Ntth
ths exec ption Of she eldest child. Norman.
who vas the only heir present to-day.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
KARTER-ADAMS.

Quiet Wedding on south Ewing stree
Last Night.
very pretty midwinter Welding took
place last night at the residence Of Mr.. aud
Mrs. A. T. Koldrup. 200 South Ewing. The
contracting parties were N. c. Kartsr and
Miss Vida Adams. daughter OF Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert n. Adams The ceremony
took place al eight o'clock. in the par.or,
which was handsomely decorated for the
occasion. Rev. y. Wesley Hill. pastor of
81. Paufs. performed the ceremony.
Inc Z Dom Is a well knowa young man
and valued employe OF Iampkins a kold-
mn. nnd the bride Is also well known aud n
popuiar young lady IN Helena. IheY went
To- their own home. which n. kartof had
prerarel "a 3O3 kodnoY street, and began
taeir married life under their own vine ana
ru tree.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
rELEGRAPHlc BREyITIES.

KANsAs CIrY. Jan. 22.-Adyiees received
fiom Monett. Mo-. are 10 the efeet that
a negro fapist was bulned az The stake near
Verona last evening.
IoutsvuIE. Jan. 22-Ths Most Nisw
savings bank filed a deed Of assiGnment
this afternoon. Capital stock s2UO0oO.
The president says the dspositors viii hs
paid IA fall.
JE1Lioo. Tenn. Jan. 22.-HestsFdsI Geo.
aambls, a negro. assaulted the li-ysar-oid
daughter OF A. r. Francis. After be vas
fully identihed he vas siruag ~. ihs
child will probably die
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
Count Herbert snubbed.

BERu1N. Jan. 22.-Aftsr a years sbssns,
Herbert Bismarck to-day attended the an.
nual festivities Of the distribution OF orders
Empe OF William did not notice him,
although hs ~ oke 90 many othss
When dinner WAS over aud the emperor
arose TO address the guests individually.
Herbert bismarck wss placed az point IA
a half circle where the emperor was 60 pass.
Before he came 90 lie Dert's place the em
perez turned puruosely aud avoided him.
When he approached n second time He
bert bowed. Tho emperor nodded IN re-
tufn. but did not speak.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
OVERDOSE OF MORPHINE.
Causes the Death Of II. G. Wilson, Form
srly OF Hoiena.

Causes the Death Of Il. c. Wilson, Form
eriy OF Hoiena.
Special to The Independent
BozEMAS. Jan. 22.--H. G. Wilso1 died al
his room. from an Ovsrdoss Of morphine.
at the Lholede hotel at l:3J this afternoon.
Coroner Gregg smPanelled jury and teld
an inquest this afternoon. The jury found
that Wilson came 20 his death BY an over
dose OF morphine administered BY bis own
hand. II IL possible that the drug was not
taken with suicidal intent. as Wilson was a
confirmed morphine fend aud might have
accidentally ovsrdosed himself. Deceased
was printer who had been In this city
about four months. lie came here from
Helena. where be for time conducted the
Ensor jag cure establishment. Wilson's
former home was Kansas Ctr, where his
mother is said 30 be living at present.
The unfortunate tJpO was on the street
this forenoon and seemed 10 be happy.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23

WAsHINorov. Jan. 22.-The civil service
law again come in for a quota Of criticisms
IN the senate to-day. Harris declared un-
sltorabls opposition 90 the civil service
Law. TIE resolution of PETER, questioning
ths authority of the PRESIDENT an eseTs-
tary Of the tr rsasuTy 20 issue bonds. then
came up. PETER said n 10 can be trus that
the secretary OF the treasury, In co-Ogera-
tion with the president is making new Law,
a Il IN violation Of tho consultation Of the
United States. At the conclusion Of Pef-
feT's emArks debate reverted 90 tho silver
question. In which Allison. Teller, German
aud others took part.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23

LONDON. Jan. %. Arthur J. Balfouf,
leader OF the unionists in tho house OF
commons. stoks this evening before q
meeting IN Manchester on the subject Of
imperial defense. lie did not believe any
lona era OF peace. French and Russian
oovernments were pushing forWaid with
all speed work in their dock yards. Ger
tain movomanta INSIDE OF late years m Asia
we're only too obviously directed against
England.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23

WASHINGTON, Jan. 22.-The internal rev
enue bill. inelu ing the income tax. was
submitted to the ways and means commit
toe this morning. Cochran ondeayored TO
secnre delay ana tho democrats were una
ble for a time TO cure quorum 20 do
business, as the republicans reffained from
voting. Then CookfAn offered an amend
ment TO tho frat section. but ending it3
consideI alton a recess was takon.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
Tho Colorado Legislature.

DrNyrh Jan. 22-The legislative con-
ference committee reported this evsnias 4
unanimously in fsvor OF adjournment after
tbe passage OF bills for the oonst action %
a atate canal and any othor works that will
give employment 20 the Unemployed. bill
making the new county ut Cappls Geek,
AMI upprapiiEtinr money 60 pay tie ca
psnsas of the asssmbly.
The report % she conference committee
Uas adopted by the senate. Int rejected bv
th- houss, because a provided for the pas
aaro of internal improvement mtsaures
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23

WASHINGTON. Jan. 22.-Chairman Will
son, OF the ways and means committee has
broken down under the strain OF preparing
the tariff bill. His friends % not believe
he will be able 30 take ia ther part ia the
tariff dght.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23
Married st Fort nenton.

Special to Tho Independent
FoRr BENTON. Jan. -. Thomas w. Mur-
ply, prominent young lawyer, and Miss
Laura :. Mcintyre. the artist. both OF Fort
Benton. were married IN the Episcopal
church this afternoon at four o'clock By
tho Rev II. L. Cloves. Both parties are
we'll known in Helena, where many frisnds
wish them well.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23

whsn eirl talks absut a certain youns
man beins perfectly horrid" "a is time 10
look oui for the oarda-Philadslphia
Record.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-23

give eve yho'y an opportunity % examine
over night into the parliamentary situation,
and accordingly ut $40 the committee rose.
Bennington semi-weekly banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 1894-1902, 1894-09-11
FORESTS FIRES, PAST AND PRES
EMIT

The most destructive fires on record
in this country, so far as regards the loss
of human life, occurred in Wisconsin
and Michigan in October, 1871, when g.
600 persons persisted. The fires broke
out in many places at once, in the same
month as the great confagation at Chi
cago, and during severe drought.
Again in 1881 protracted drought led to
forests fires in Michigan, in which 300
persons lost their lives and $1,000 were
rendered homeless.
The present began at the western end
of Lake Superior, and have prevailed in
Wisconsin and Michigan along the entire
length of the southern shore; passing
over the junction of Lakes Michigan and
Huron and proceeding toward the south
through the central tier of counties in
Michigan.
The whole region so threatened was.
till within few years, virgin forest of
pine, and mining and numbering are the
two great industries, the lines of RAILWAYS
running through it being dotted with
saw mills and ore smelling villages.
Little farming is done, the great wheat
belt spanning Wisconsin and Minnesota
below the burning region.
The section where the greatest devas-
tation and loss of life has resulted is rs
miles in greatest diameter, one end rest
ing at Superior, the western limit of Lake
Superior, and the other at a point about
two-thirds on the way between Duluth
and st. Paul. Hickey, the largest town
destroyed, is at the junction of the st.
Paul and Duluth and the Great Northern
railways, about 10 miles from st. Paul,
and had population of about $50 souls.
Hinckley is in Pine county, in which are
lG smalls towns with population of f.
400.
The most serious loss by the Wiscon-
sin fires falls, it is said, upon Cornell I'm
iversity, which owned standing pine on
lands within 80 miles of Chippewa Falls
valued at million dollars.-Free Press.
Bennington semi-weekly banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 1894-1902, 1894-09-11
This latest mishap to the vigila

This latest mishap to the Vigilant is
most unfortunate. 1t looks as if some
Jonah had surreptitiously tempered with
that centreboard when the boat was
built. 1t gave great trouble, it will be
remembered, in one of the Americas
cup contests, and came within an ace of
losing the race to the Valkyrie.
Bennington semi-weekly banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 1894-1902, 1894-09-11
- wy Nc, EE@SEzS

ion, nervous debility, impaired memory,
low, spirits, irritable temper, and thou
sand and one arrangements of mind and
body. Epilepsy, paralysis, softening Of
the brain and even dread insanity some
times result from such reckless self-abuse
To reach, reclaim and restore such unfort-
unates to health and happiness, is the aim of
the publishers Of book written in plain but
chaste language, on the nature, symptoms
and durability, by home treatment, Of such
diseases. This book will be sent sealed, in
plain envelope, on receipt of ten cents In
stamps to pay postage.
Address, Worlds Dispensary Medical Az.
ISOLATION, 669 Main St., BuffaIo, N. =.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1894-11-24

That Texas is great state is a
truism that no one in his senses
will care to dispute; but it is
equally true that Texas is not as
great as her opportunities, natural
advantages and resources entitle
her. The state Is a little too late
in the spring and not quite soon
enough in the fall. A little hust.
ling among her too dry bones
would greatly alter things for the
better,
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1894-11-24

The salaries Of men in all de-
partments of business are going
down, as also the wages Of labor
and the regular profits Of business.
1t is only in order that there
should be corresponding de-
crease in the salaries of state Off.
Gals, where these have been up to
the high water mark of the old
high priced conditions. The state
salaries in Texas have never been
as high as decency demands, but
there is room for retrenchment in
the thinning out of the depart
ments that have been livestock
ed with clerks to make room for
Aunt Jemima's boys. The offices
were not made to be utilized in
this way.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1894-11-24

The Houston Post thinks that
inasmuch as the solid south is
split up the back and down the
middle, and whereas the Demo-
cratic party has only 105 members
in the lower house and of these the
seats Of 30 are contested, it would
be as we'll to make the late cleo
ton unanimous. There is more
spleen than sense in this sugges-
ton, still, il the Post will only
have little patience and hold on
to the nozzle for two years longer
its wish may be gratified IN a way
that is unexpected. There is a
growing conviction on the part of
the country that the Democracy as
represented by the Post is out of
date, and that it would be well to
permanently retire it from BUSH
ness.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1894-11-24

Baltimore, the chief city Of Ma
ryland, my Maryland, in her last
election had only a measley ma
iority of 54S Democrats over Re-
publicans in a total vote of S3,034.
This is a sure and certain sign that
the days of the "plug-ugly are
numbered and that the Republi.
cans of that city are swiftly COM
ing into their inheritance of good
government and purified public
affairs.