davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

BUFFALO, Oct s.-Miss Beatrice Won
Dresden, II years old, made balloon as
cension Saturday afternoon at the fair
grounds in Franklinville, Cattaragus
county. When 1900 feet up, while pre-
pairing to make her parachute jump, the
balloon gave sudden luroh and Miss Won
Dresden was thrown to the ground. All
the bones in her body were broken, and
her costume, such as ordinarily worn by
acronauts, was torn open by the force Of
the fall. When the people picked her up
she was dead. This was her twentieth as
cension. She was to have been married
this week and quit the business forever,
this being advertised as her last ascension.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

BERLIN, Oct. S.-The negotiations of the
powers with the United States, with q
view to tho joint protection of their sub
jects in China, are said to be much nd
vanced by the Anglo French agreement on
the subject, and a general entente may
shortly be expected. The Japanese gov
ernment has instructed Field Marshal
Yamataga to inform the diplomats at
Seoul that he will not allow the japanese
army to plunder Pekin in case that city Is
taken. This assurance will probably in
duce the diplomats to stay In Pekin even
should the emperor leave the capital.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

READING, Pa, Oct. s.-The order Of the
state supreme court transferring the Dubs
Evangelical churches into the hands of tho
Bowman -Esher people was very generally
obeyed yesterday throughout the East
Pennsylvania conference, and the Bow
man Esher adherents worshiped in large
number Of edifices. Up to two years ago,
when the split took place, they had been
debarred from about half of the total mum
bcr of these. 1t is expected that other
churches will be transferred during the
coming week. Farewell services in num-
Der of the churches were held by the Dubs
people.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

BRISTOL, Tenn, Oct s.-Yesterday af-
ternoon train No. 8 from New York on
the Southern railway jumped the track
about three miles south of here Tho en-
gine fell across the track and the express
and mail cars jumped over them, and
falling on their sides were soon prey to
flames which consumed all of the train
eight coachess-with the exception of the
last Pullman, which was cut loose and
backed from the train. A number of per.
sons were injured and Engineer Samuel
Smith will probably die. A heavy bolt
had been placed on the rail by unknown
pnrcnpa
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

HAwKEsvILLE, Ky, Oct. s.-A terrible
race war occurred at Powers Station, near
here. A train was returning from the
Owensboro fair, separate coach being oc-
cupled by negroes. They made sudden
rush to get into the white peoples coach
when the train stopped. The negroes
opened fire, breaking every window in the
white coach. The whites returned the fire,
and seven negroes were killed and as many
more wounded.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

BALTIMORE, Oct. s.-The sermon of Car
dinal Gibbons at the cathedral yesterday,
was addressed particularly to the women,
and in it the cardinal took occasion to ex-
press his views on woman suffrage. He said
in part; 1.-The church declares that woman
is the peer and equal of man. Almighty
God, in his distribution of gifts, makes no
distinction on account of race, previous
condition or of sex. The proper sphere of
women is in the home, and the more in
fluence she gains in public life the more
she will lose in private life. Above all
things take care of your homes"
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

Boston, Oct s.-The Democratic state
convention will be called to order at noon
today. Ex-Governor William F. Russell
will preside at the convention. Hon. John
E. Russell will be placed in nomination
for governor Charles E. Stratton OF Bos.
ton is slated for lieutenant governor
Charles Degourcey of Lawrence for secre-
tary Of state, James ]. Grinnell of Green,
field for treasurer, Alfred G. Whitney Of
Boston for auditor, and II. f. Hurlburt Of
Lynn for attorney general.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

New YORK, Oct. s.-Twcnty two thous-
and baseball enthusiasts saw the New
York club win the third straight game
from Baltimore Saturday in the series for
the Temple cup. Rusie pitched another
magnificent game, and while he rather
poorly supported, held the hits down to
seven. Hcmming was in good form, too,
but his work did not begin to compare
with the big Hooser's. Errors by Robin
son, Rcitz and Hemming helped Wards
men wonderfully in the way Of scoring
runs The score; New York, A; Bulti.
moro, l.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

NEWARK, N. j., Oct. s.-Striking Italian
laborers to the number of 200 made an at
tack upon about fifty men who had taken
their places on sewer construction in Cliff
ton avenue. Three workmen were badly
injured, and one of them may not recover.
When the police reached the scene of tho
trouble all Of the attacking party had fed.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

TIENTsIN, Oct. S.-The Japanese are pur-
suing the campaign towards Moukdcn eau
tiously, and are avoiding any dashing en-
terprises. Fugitives from Ping Yang de-
scribe the Japanese tactics as most scien-
tiflc, while their weapons are perfect. On
the other hand the Chinese operations are
said to be conducted in an antiquated fash
ion. The Japanese are gaining the SYM
patby of the Corean population by paying
for their supplies and maintaining strict
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

NEW YORK, Oct. s.-Georgc w. Wolfe,
of Chicago, arrived here yesterday and dis
mounted in front of the city hall, having
wheeled all the way from Chicago, break
ing the record between that city and New
York by one hour and thirteen minutes.
Wolfe estimated that he had ridden 1,03S
miles. Allowing for the difference in tho
time, the bicyclist had really only occupied
six days, eight hours and thirty minutes
in the record breaking feat. During that
time he had only eleven and half hours
sleep. --
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

New YORK, Oct. S.-Senator Hill and
Daniel N, Lockwood on Saturday formally
accepted tho Democratic nomination for
governor and lieutenant governor Tho
state committee has selected Charles +.
Brown, of Newburg, as the nominee for
judge of tho court of appeals, and Mr..
Brown has also accepted
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

As poet Of occasions SO to speak, Dr.
Holmes has never been surpassed. Unlike
nearly all other writer's, many Of his best
poems have been written to order, as ID
were, that is, for some commencement day
or festal occasion.
The latter years Of DR. Holmes life were
spent In quiet retirement at Beverly Farms,
broken occasionally by lecture to the
Harvard students.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08
Heavy Snow Storm In Dakota.

ST. PAUL, Mimi, Oct. s.-Reports from
various parts of eastern South Dakota and
the western part of Minnesota are to the
effect that severe snow storm prevailed
yesterday, accompanied by high winds and
heavy rains. The snow fall at Huron, s.
d., was heavy, and lasted for three hours,
while west and north of that city the storm
was oven more severe
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

ST. PETERSBURG, Oct. s.-Bount Ben
kendorff, grand marshal of the czar's
household, has started for Corfu to prepare
for the czar's reception at that place. Tho
queen of Greece, cousin of the czar, will
accompany the Russian imperial family to
Corfu. 1t is probable that the czar and
his party will leave Livadia in three Meeks.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

TRENToEr--Oct. s.-rhe conservation of
Vicar General James A McFaul as bishop
of the Catholic diocese of Trenton will
take place ut st. Mary's cathedral in this
city on Thursday, Oct. IS. Archbishop
Corrigan, of New York, will be the conse-
orator, with Bishop McQuaid, of Roches-
ter, and Bishop Mcdonnell as assistant
COnsecrators.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

BROOKLYN, Oct. .8.-Thomas Brannigan,
a miser s. years old, died at St. Peters
hospital. 1t is believed he died 81 starva-
tion and he leaves an estate valued at s75,-
900. His daughter, who was turned out of
his house IL year ago because the old man
thought sho was too extrayagant, as she
wanted meat to cat, and her two children
are his only heir,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08
Lost His Arm In q Thresher.

ALLENTOWN, Pa, Oct. S.-While Ed
ward Kressler, farmer near Guthsville,
was engaged In threshing wheat his left
arm was caught in the feeder, and before
the machine could be stopped tn. arm was
drawn in and mangled nearly up to the ell
bow. The arm was amputated at the
shoulder.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

ATLANTA, Oct. s,-Passenger train No.
10 Of the Atlanta and West Point road
tumbled from the high trestle over Osan-
appa creek, a few miles beyond West Point,
and seven persons were badly injured.
None OF the persons on the train were
killed outright, but one or two may die.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

BUDA PEsTH, Oct. s.-The bill granting
liberty of worship to all religious beliefs
came up on Its third reading in the house
of magnates and was rejected Premier
Wekrile announced that the government
adhered to the bill, and gave notice that
1t would be reintroduced.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08
AMERICAS POET DEAD.
Oliver Wendell Hclmes Yields to
~ the Grim Destroyer.
HAD BEEN A POET SINCE BoYHooD.

A Most Prolific Writer of Verse. He Also
Gave Many Valuable Contributions to the
Literature OF Medical science-spent His
Declining Years in Retirement.
BOSTON, Oct. Solver Wendell Holmes,
famous as u poet and author, died at his
residence on Beach street ut 1215 p. m,
yesterday from complication of diseases.
DIR. Holmes has been In feeble health for n
long time, and although an iron constitu-
ton has long baffled disease 1t was at last
shattered. The last hours of DR.. Holmes
were passed quietly, with his family by his
bedside
DIR. Holmes returned. from Beverly
Farms about ten days ago and the 70
moval greatly fatigued him, and it is
thought hastened his end. The news of
his death was kept quiet until late hour
last night.
Just north Of the common in Cambridge,
Mass, and overlooking what is perhaps
the most interesting spot historically In
Massachusetts, stands a curious gambrel
rooted house 1t is Mt least 100 years old.
IT was used by the committee of safety in
a775, and Benedict Arnold's first commits
sion was made out there. Not far away
stands the famous elm under which George
Washington took command Of the Ameri-
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

Showers tonight or tomorrow; colder;
increasing south winds.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-10-08

Communism of pelf'' is good. Let
it stick where il belongs-to the sugar
barrel party of free trad,
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
THE RAILWAY CLERKS.

The bill to restore railway mail clerks
who were removed under the Harrison
administration has been favorably re-
ported by the House committee and
should pass without objection. The
clerks were not discharged for incompe.
teney or neglect but to make room for Re-
publicans who wero out Of Job.
On Dec. /, 1883, the President issued an
order placing the railway mail service
under the rules and supervision OF the
Civil Service Commissioners on and after
March 10, 1889. lie at once proceeded to
remove Democrats and 6ll their places
with Repu blicans, On March II, finding
II impossible to complete the changes
before the 18th, he issued xnother order
post poning the date to May /.
Between March is sno May 1 about a
thousand removals were made and no
cause whstever assigned.
II was petty party trick but just what
might have been expected.
The bill provides for filing vacancies
without examination by those parsons
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08

Further trouble among the miners a,
Acme, w. Va, is feared.
Five men were drowned by the capsiz-
ing Of a boat In Santa Rosa sound, Flor
IDA.
Maria Deraisme, one OF the promoters
OF the women's movement In France, IL
dead.
Senator Voorhees, says that the senate
will probably place a tax on sugar. coal
and iron ore
An Italian killed the slayer Of his
brother at Cviea Lsvigns 10 years after
the first act took place,
Joseph Leigh, member of parliament,
Is dead Mr.. Leigh was twice IA ayor OF
Stockport, Eng, and was cotton mag.
nate.
Andrew g. Doty, New York commission
merchants in precious stones, have rs
signed. The Grm had rating of abou,
5000.
All the grsudsops OF Charles Dickens
bear the name Of Charles One OF them
Gerald Charles Dickens, son Of Henry
Fielding Dickens, q c., has recently en-
tered the British navy.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
QUEER ECONOMY.

In the creation OF the Board OF Public
Works the City Council, or at least the
Republican portion, anu that Is nearly all
OF 1t, has soon forgotten the economical
theory under Hhich II assumed Office with
great flourish OF tTumpets.
The Commissioner and his assistant are
supposed to displace the Highway Com
missioner, with a salary OF about $1,000
the Board OF Water Commissioners, 5000,
and the Board OF Sewer Commissioners,
$500. In Other words "in the interest OF
economy" the Republicans substitute a
salary OF 1850 for salary list of about
S3. 300. We will discuss other features
later.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
COL. HONEYS REPORT.

Whatever we may think OF Col. Honey
as the leader OF the Democracy in the
House, whatever we may think OF and
crrticise the course he has pursued, how
ever much we may condemn his erratic
ways, however much we may protect
against his further leading the Democracy
into doubtful places, we cannot help ad-
miring his ability as jurist, as legus
consult, and the cogent reasoning dis
played in his report on the Governors
message, the force OF his logic, the con.
vincing power OF his argument, the clear
ness OF statement, and admirable mar
shaling OF facts so as to produce In the
mind answering conviction. IL would
hardly be possible to put forth better
case and he deals with the unconstitutional
acts of the Governor and the Senate with.
out gloves. This report should be read by
every voter In the State that he may know
Just W hat the cause OF contention between
the House and Senate is--just what the
Democracy Is contending for and In what
particular the Democratic party Is up
holding the constitution and how the
Senate has put IT in defiance.
II may be expected that there will be
ahead days when word duel will be
fought in the Legislative Hall over this
report and resolution on the Governors
message. A minority report is to be sub
mitted and we can then consider carefully
what the other side has to say. 1t must
be more than statement II 1t Is to meet
the case set forth in Col. Honey's report.
1t must be a reply To this document-an
answer to IL, bit by bit. But to US 1t
seems that no reply can be made. The
Democracy is right, and we believe the
people will support the eide that Is right.
With this report in their hands there can
be no doubt but what at the next election
the people will vote to uphold the jus,
and righteous cause.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
THE CHARITY SCHEME.

The Mayors politico-chari scheme to
help himself and friends In the next
election goes on just the same. There ID
a pretense OF success about in anyhow
From 80 the number OF applicants for
registration at his bureau OF political In
quiry has fallen to 4.
This is what our down town contsmpo-
rary calls success"
There are hundreds in the city who
need assistance but like true men they
would rather starve than receive aid
through such a course.
The cry OF economy Is already giving
way to the greed OF office and making
places for the nenchmen of tho Mayor by
a subservlent City Council.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
DID de Wear Glasses I

NEW YORK, Feb. s.-Captain Corning
of the British schooner w. and IA. Wor-
therspoon, from Porto Cabello, reports a
peculiar phenomenon while his vessel was
In the Gulf stream, on the west coast OF
Florida The captain says he saw strange
lights which apparently would rise from
the water and ascend TO height OF about
% feet and then, after report similS to
an explosion, would 20 out. Captain
Corning has no explanation TO make OF
this strange phenomenon, but u positive
that he did see the lights.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
6eameu Wanted.

WASHINGTON, Feb. s.-There are not
enough men enlisted In the navy TO prop
erly man the United States ships which
20 into commission before May 1, and,
moreover. the limit allowed by law will
not permit the enlistment Of sufficient
number. Ten big cruisers are all TO be
manned, requiring about 1900 men.
About half that number Ii available.
Additional authority will be required
from congress- TO enlist sufficient men.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
PoDulists Are HoneiuI.

TOPEKA, Feb. s.-Yesterday's session Of
the National Farmer Alliance was an
open one. j. II. Mcdowell, editor Of the
Nashville Toiler, made an address, saying
that the Grover Cleveland-John Sherman
combination was making more votes for
the Peoples party than all the public
campaign orators and newspapers COM
bined. He said that In the south the
Popuiists averaged $4,000 votes to ths
fat
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
pten.
MURPHY

MURPHY-In Providence, ON the 9Th inst,
Joanna Murphy, In her 3lstyear
sULLIvAN-In Providence, 9Th inst, 10.
hanna sullivan, daughter NJ the llanorah
and Cornelius sullivan, eged Il years.
TAfT-ln Providence. on the eth inst, Mar
garet Taft, daughter OF the late james and
Annie Taft
CARPENTER-In Ashton, Abraham A. Car.
penter, IN his oeth year.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
PHYSICIANS SAY SO.

The only way TO cure salt rheum, ecze-
ma, pimples. boils, blotches and ulcers is
by the use Of DR.. David Kennedy's Favor
ite Remedy. 81 used numbers OF So called
blood purifiers" writes Mrs. Belinda
Hodsdon OF Haverhill, n. H., "without
befSefit, until ! began to take Favorite
Remedy. Although suffering from an ul-
cerated sore leg few bottles entirely
cured me.n
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
A interesting Divorce Suit

Nkw YORK, Feb. 6-Ithamar Howe, .
former Boston hotel man, has brought
suit against Isaac o. Woodruff for ESQ, 900
damages for alienation Of his wife's affeo-
tions Woodruff denies every allegation
OF intimacy with Mrs. Howe Attorneys
for the defendant say they have evidence
TO show that the suit Is simply brought 10
extort money from their client He Is 81
vaars old
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Central Falls loss Is Woonsocket's gain
in the elevation OF Rev. Father Mahoney.

zThe Boston Typographical Union Ia to
start daily paper. Its object Is to give
employment to the many unemployed
printers in that city. We hope that 1t
NAV prove a lasting success.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08

The theoretical ordinance relative to the
field clerk Of the Board OF Assessors was
presented last evening. The Idea, 1t APP
pears, is one Of the brilliant schemes OF
the Mayor whom the State solons rec
ognize as being so efficient that they de-
sire him to devote all his wisdom to the
benefit OF the State.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
On a Slim Basis.

CHICAGO, Feb. s.-Affidavits to grant .
new trial to Prendergsst, the assassin Of
Mayor Harrison, show that tho principal
grounds on which a new trial will be
asked are that Juror A. G. Murray WAS
well acquainted with Mayor Harrison.
and because the jury was allowed to
separate on election day.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
A CHANGE NECESSARY.
New Ysrk Called upen 10 Foot Ex,rayasaai
Diih t Asylum Superlntendenta

ALBANY, Feb. s.-casss Of wines. gal
IONS Of brandy. Sac cigars by tho hun
ArsdA, fancy prices for birds and game.
carriage. and harness. fsacy furnisurs.
tables lines snd carpets. Sonbons and 70
man punch ngure In the vouchers which
she state comptroller handed out for the
past two years a. part Of the expenditures
OF the supsrintendenss Of three Of the
ssAte insane asylums. aud when read be-
tere the finance commitses of. the senate
yesterday afternoon, 70 show ths neees-
stty Of = change, II created a sensation.
The state commission ON lunacy say that
this u only portion of the extravagances
and that more will develop.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
A. MISSING Schooner.

BALTIMORE. Feb. S.-Fears are entcr.
tained for the safety OF the three masted
schooner Samuel H. Walker OF Taunton.
Mass, which left here on Jan. 10. laden
With coal for Weymouth, Mass. IL is
feared she was lost in one OF the severe
January hurricanes that swept the AZ.
lantic
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Had a Bio Audience.

WASHINGTON, Feb s. The Moody and
Sankey revival meetings were opened
here last evening. The great hall was
crowded and many hundreds were turned
away. The singing was grand.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Shot 10 Death.

CLYDE, n Y, Feb e.-James b. Nioh-
OILS was shot and instantly killed by Fred
II. Childs. Childs fred one shot from BE-
hind When Nichols turned around Childs
fred two more shots into his abdomen,
which caused instant death. Childs said
that Nichols had been circulating storiss
derogatOry TO him
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08

By vote OF IS to 2s the United States
Senate yesterday put an end TO Daven-
portlsm and bayonets at the polls. The
repeal OF the Federal Elections bill will
coyer a multitude OF idle spec ches on the
tariff.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Put Into Sharman,s Hands.

WAsHINGToN, Feb. 8. The National
Wool Growers association last evening
adopted memorial with Numerous APP
pendixes, consisting Of resoiutiops. eto..
adopted by county, state and national
wool associations, which will be presented
10 the senate bv Senator Sherman.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
An Alabama rraqedy.

GREEN BAY, Ala, Feb. S.-Aaron TOLLS
fer and his wife were found murdered
near here yesterday. A week ago the
woman deserted her husband fos An
thony Thomas Tolliffer induced her 70
return home, hut they were killed On
the way. Thomas Is charged with shs
don ble murder
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Was Ten Days Overdue.

ST. JoHN's, N. f., Feb. S.-Steamer Bar
celona, from Liverpool, Jan. &, which waS
10 days overdue, arrived here yesterday.
Much anxiety had teen felt for her safety.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Treasury FIQures SwelIed.

WASHINGTON, Feb. s.-The net treasury
balance yesterday was tllI,ll5, ,s,5, the
first time It has been above the slOO, ,0oo,-
900 mark for several months. This is an
increase OF s34, 800, 900 over Tuesday, and
is ON account of the payments of the sub
soriptons TO the new per cent bonds.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Bad State OF Affairs.

BOMBAY, Feb s.-Hindoo temples and
Mohammedan mosques were destroyed -
Yeola and several persons were killed srd
wounded In religious riots. The trou bies
were Quelled by the military.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1894-02-08
Heavy lmpnrts OF Cereals

PARIS, Feb s-The revenue returns Of
the government for January show sur
plus of 20, ,OOO, 600 francs This II due -
heavy imports OF cereals made IN e.
pectancy of increased duties