davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
DEMAND GREATER HONORs
Students IasIst That Due Respect Be Pal
Kossuth's Memory.

students IasIst That Due Respect He Paid
KOssuth's Memory.
BUDA PFsrH March 23.-MsnY citizens
who do not wish 20 incur trouble from the
students and their sympathizerH. who last
Right smashed the windows Of houses show
ing 40 mourning decorations in honor Of
the late Lsuis Kossuth. and who expected
last n ighrs denomination 90 be renewed to
night. are yielding 20 the pressure ana
placing mourning emblems on their houses.
Crowds gathered Ia the squares this
afternoon, The students msde Viob a. ad-
dresses. denounoinR the govsrnment for
allowing kossHth 10 die in exile. Discover
ing that the draped Gags which they placed
in the theators last Mi ht had been omoyed.
they declared their intention Of replacing
them. The authorities. in anticipation Of
trouble. had the whole CITY police force on
dutr, with d ats Of polica from u6ighbOr-
| ing cities, together will the military. The
| latter are held IN their barracks, ready for
any emergency.
Great obs. led by students. gathered In
front Of the parliament house, insisting z
that parliament is not sufficiently honorinR
the dead patriot. finally made rush for
/ the doors. A sharp engagement with the
/ police followed and numerous charges we're
necessary before the crowd was forced back.
1he house OF dsputiea all wearing en-
L DleNuh OF MouIuAuKf anu uAaNA NAt
/ most impressive scene, gave exp ession "a
the nations gratitude for Kossuth's ser
vices and. ~ mark of further respect,
| adjourned gill after the funeral.
| The JournAlists' club WAS also threatened
/ by Tiotous mob and the peopls. honded
| by students. became 80 dsmOnstrHtive that
the police we're compelled 20 fire with blank
cartridges upon she mob, and made several
charges, scattering the crowd, woundinR 9
number Of people. and making many ar
rests.
shortly after dark crowds began tC
/ gather ia fiotoas manner In the streets.
/ The black flag had been hauled down again
after the military had sueoeeded in dTivini
the crowd from the vicinity OF parliameai
house. aBd when the news spread II excited
deepest indignation among the populace
Some OF the mob began 20 throw stoneA
while others hurled Insulting epithets az th'
troops and police. Cavalry and polio,
charged with drawn swords The mob re-
sisted. The soldiers and police had theu
hands full. and 10 looked after the hrsi
charge az though the rioters would turn the
tables. Again aud again the crowd was
charged After the second charge they be-
gan so give way a little IN the direction o
/ the river. keeping up a frs Of stones upon
the polics. The soldiers used their swords
unspArinRly, and many rioters were injured.
/ o der was not estored until midnight.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
PAPAL ENCYCLICAL.

Touching the Duty Of the Catholics
Toward Princes and Rulers.
RoME, March 23.-Ths pope's sneYclieal
letter, addressed 90 the bishops Of Poland.
Russia, Austria ana Prussia, was published
here to day. His holiness ssys, in brief.
that the mission of the papaey ia not 80
teach anything against the power Of princes
or utility OF nations, but TO provide
for the prosperity OF all. The
pope then recalls an agreement with
Russia, by which ths position Of
the olorgy Was immensely improved.
This agreement was obtained through re-
quests directly addressed so the oEar. The
encyclioal prooeeds 10 exhort bishops to
avoid any spirit Of hostility to civil au-
thOrities.
Addressing the Catholics Of Austria and
Poland, the pope enioins them 90 feel graft
tuds 70. the religious zeal Of ihe emperor,
and concludes with urging ths Poles in
Prussia 20 trust in the equality Of thei'
emperor and observe the laws
LONDON, March IA dispatch from
Rome says France and Russia made evsrJ
sndsavor 20 prevent the publication OF ths
papAl encyolical.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
ARE MUCH OPPOSED.
wsstsrners DO Not Like the Proposed
treaty with China.

Westerners DO Not Like the PROPOSED
treaty with China.
WASHINGTON. March 23.-PAoiho coast
members Of congress are, for the most part,
pfonouneedly in OPPOSITION 20 the provi-
sions of the new treaty with China. Geary
will express no opinion until he has read
the text OF the treaty. Mcguire said the
treaty should conform 80 the existing laws
OF this country. Hilborn said the provision
for the registration OF American laborsrs in
China is msaningl0Ae. for there are not
fifty OF that class there. Wilson. OF O:e-
con. was bitter In condemnation of the
treaty.
Some surprise Is manifested in adminiS-
tration circles az the opposition already de-
veloped to the new treaty. Tho treaty.
said one who spoke for the state depart
ment is the outcome OF months Of patient
woi ana skillful negotiation. and it was
boz ed the state depsi tment had succeeded
ht last in settling. in manner entirely
satisfactory, the gu stiOn of reRu.
lStinR Chinese immigration. In nSRo-
tieting the treaty now before
tho senate. the administration fel,
10 had achieved some very desirable re-
suits. for nos only had 10 set at rest the
morally sound complaint OF China. but had
At the same tins . eseiveI in the form OF
sacred treaty obligations all the restrictive
features OF the existing Chinese restriction
lava that in the opinion OF the department
were worthy OF erpetuation.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
FOR AND AGAINST.
Arguments for and Protests Against the
seigntoragO Bi'.

Arguments for and Protests Against the
ssigntoragO Bu'.
WAsnrsaroS, March 23.-The situation al
the White house presents one strong feature
OF novelty. in the fact that 10 appears 30 be
the scene Of . bloodlsss battle between
congrossmen on the one hand, large ma
joritJ of whom are u RinR the signing of
,hs ssiqniorage bill. and great commercial
interests of the country on the other, for
twenty nine out of sverv thirty oommuni-
cations from them pray for = veto of the
bill. 1he congressman have the advantage
OF peTsonAl presence on she neld, but the
other side 10 in evidence in great force, IA
the large number OF letters received In the
presidential mail. and of kilograms thai
come so numei ously as to keep tho White
house operator occupied TO his full capacity.
The communications nrs coming from al.
pats OF she country. For instnnos, there
were appeals for q veto from Cincinnati,
~. Loui-. San Francisco. salem. Ore, and
Virgins The president has Till next
thursday to make mp his mind what he will
30 with the bill. and there are indications
that he proposes 20 use the tine In thought
full consideration.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
PRIDE ON THE sCAFFoLD.

Murderer RejOiocs That He Ia not
Hanged With Prendergast.
CHICAGO. March 23.-Thomas. alias Buff"
Higgins was hanged in the jail here at
noon for the murder Of Peter Coosy. an old
city smploye. last September. Shortly be-
fore the hanging Higgins expressed special
qualification that he would not have to
suffer death on the same seaffold with the
assassin. PrendsrRatt. for whom he mani
tested the utmost aversion and contempt.
As the trap fell with a olatteT the prison
ers in adjoining corridors sci up a shout,
Hang frendergast! hang Prondergast"
and the little assassin covered further back
10 his cell, trembling and muttering i'm
presations.
An order staying the execution of the
assassin. PrendsrRRst. till April &. was
made by Judge Chetlain last night and
served on Shei Gilbert this morning.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
RED GORMAN CONVICTED.

Murder In the Second Degree for KiIlinG
Nellie Meigs
Special 70 The Independent.
BUTTE March 23.-The jury In the case
Of lied German. accused Of the murder Of
Nellie Meigs. brOught in a verdict tonight
of murder in the second degree. Nellie
Meigs was a woman.of the town. and Cor
man frsquented her place. On June y last
be becsms angry and struck her. knocked
her down. and stamped on her. She died
from the wounds month late. The trial
lasted four weeks.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
GOOD WORK WAS DONE
Profitable Sessions OF the Convsn-
ton OF Farmers at Boze-
man This Week.
Dairymon Represented and Their
ProRross Furthered by Pre-
cept and Illustration
a stale botanical Society started VotinR 2
for a state Fiorat Emblem But
ter and Mia.

Special 10 Tho independent
BozFMAN. March 23.-Thrse interesting
sessions 81 the farmsrs' convention we're
held to-day. in the morning J.. H..
Fisher read an interesting paper on How
TO Pack and Handle Bnttor;" 4. B. Quav
on Farming Ia Gallatin County" and
Glover as Paying Crop" by John N.
Robinson. In the afternoon !. ID. O'Don-
nell told about raising alfalfa in Yellow
stone valley; ". II. Sutheflin, OF White
sulphuf Springs, discussed diversified farm
ing In Montana. and Prof. Wylie read an
interesting paper on hog raising in this
state.
The evening was devoted 10 botany.
Mrs. G. II. Moore. OF Butte, told OF the
practical benefits derived from the study
Of botany; Mrs. ID. J. Knox. Of Butte. spoke
Of the dssirabiity Of eowsrs in the house,
and Director ;. NJ. Emery talked on trees.
This afternoon the state botanical asso-
citation was formally organized, starting a
with twenty members. Peter Koch, Of this
city. was elected prssidenti Mrs. G. II.
Moore, Of Bate, vice. president, and Mrs,
r. A. seheuber of Livingston, secretary
and treasurer. Woe presidents will be
named from each county in the state. T..
Story and Mrs. l.. T. Howsy joined from
Lewis and Cake. Tie Floral Emblem
society also held a meeting to-day. The
matter Of a horal festival to be held in al
the cities was discussed. but no forma
action was taken. IL was decided tha
votes for state horAl emblem would b
received until Sept. /. Every citizen in
terested Ia flowers is entitled 20 one vote
which is 10 be sent so the president. Mrs
Matt Aldeuson. Bozsman. Voters vii
name their choice. and Rive the TsasonI
WHY il should be selected.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
TELEGRAPHIC BREyIrIES.

WlsnNaroN. March 23.-GeoTge &. BAKER.
Inventor OF the submarine torpedo boat.
disl this afternoon.
sAS ASIoSIo. March .3-Congressman
Wilson spent restless night ani 10 IA a
weak condition to-daf.
OTTAWA. Ont, Mach %. The govern
ment rintinR hursau. in parliament build
inR. Was nearly destroyed by fire. loss
hesvy.
IANprn WTo. March ~ Bill Gallagher.
a cowboy. Was shot and Allied at heetestes
BY John Withhm. another eowbof, whom
he attempted 60 shoot for intorosdiag Tor q
woman whom Gallagher was beating.
NV YoAK. March "a -Jnstios OBrien,
Of the supreme court. to-day denied ths
application fof writ Of habeas corpus "a
the case OF Jobn \. Mokane Ia liz fe.
marks Justice OR len scored Mex ns'l
lawyers for their repeated uppssls 90 chs
same Judge.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
Tar on Gambling In PROD noe.

WASHINGTON. March 23.-1ho house com
mittee on agriculture has agreed on an
amended anti-option bill. As amended 10
provides that eve y option or future con
tract shall have afnKed internal revenue
stamps as follows: For ovsrV 10000 pounds
Of cotton. hops, pork. lard bacon. dried,
salt Ano pickled meats. one cent; every
900 bushels Of wheat or other grains, ono
cent. On every cancellation Of such con
tract. otherwise than by actual sale and
delivery, 10 shall have affixed the foll0winR
stamps: Every pound OF cotton. PORK,
lard bacon. one cent poundi evefy
Lushel Of wheat. three cents; every bushel
OF corn, oats. rye or bATleJ, two cents.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

PrrsBuRG. Pa. March 23.-Ths dyns
mite works Of the Acme Powder company,
near Hutton. were swept out OF existeno,
by an explosion this morning. Five per
sons, all in the building a. the time were
killed. buildings IN the vicinity wrecked, q
brick block ~ LOgAn's Ferry. q mile awaI,
badly damaged. houses shaken and vim
dows shattered IN ell the surrounding
towns.
Ths bodies Of those killed were terribly
manglsd and the parts we're gathered up IN
a boT. following are the killed; samuel.
Nollia Nellie and hadie kemaisy, and Mm.
Arthur. ArthuTs house, In the vicinity.
was CON mplstsly WRECKED and AIRS. Arthur
badly injured.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

wAsuINoroS. March 2S A bill in equity
has been filed ngainst hessTa Bsrnabse,
Karl a Mcdonald. proprietors OF the Boa
tonian Opera company. nov playing in this
city. asking that they be restrained from
% foduoing the opera "Og 4llalas.' The bill
is hled on hohAlf of Taylor Grimes. OF this
CITY. Who claims that the opera IL In music
ana libretto. Substantially the same - aha,
COPY htsd la December. 1871 OF which
copvright petitioner 10 the author. lie
alleges that tho opera Was produced In
Helena. Mont. In 1892, and subsequently,
cont 60 san Francisco. in manuscripA and
not returned until SsmRnded b. tue author.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

wksnISoroS, March The eommis-
aionor Of Internal revenue sent circular
TO each Of the internal fovenus collectors
OF the United States directing them 10 re-
port she number OF Cinnamon In their dis
trict who had applied 10 register under the
act of May. 1892, as amended by the act OF
November. 1893. and whether there would
be general compliance with the laws.
About fifty collector have replied, and all
reports state that the Chinese disposed
TO register as tho laws direct, aud a large
percentage have already reFistersd. In
California. out Of total Of 1900, about
1900 have registered.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
Import.s, Meeting of Miners.

PIrrsHuRo. March 23.-Prssidsnt J. p.
Mcbride. Of the United Mine Workers Of
America, has issued oiToulsF calling for
ths ffth annual convention Of she organ
ization % be held at Columbus, oommsno-
ing April 10. 10 will be the most impor-
tant convention Jet held, for st that con
vsntion . national convention will be con
sidered. This means the total suspension
Of work by miners throughout America from
Colorado 20 eastern PennsylvAnia. II
adoptsd aud date set, abe greatest strike
IA the history OF mines will be inauguTatsd
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
To rromots MnltIa Emelsner

wAsHISoroS. March %. -RspfessRtAtive
Meyer. from the committee on military. To-
day reported Mr.. Curtis bill 90 promote
the efficiency Of the militia. The object Of
the bill is TO modernizs the militia ny the
adot tion of a system OF tactics, organize
tion aud equipment which has been adopted
by the federal government In respect 10 the
organization. srming, drilling and govern
ment OF the army of the United States.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

DENVER. March 23.-The executive com
nittee of safety held a meeting Rt the
chamber Of commerce to-day. A sub-com-
mittee was appointed TO look into the legal
phases Of the troublo between the governor
aud Messrs. Orr and Martin aud report at
the next meeting. Measures TO insure the
safety OF the city. should there be another
outbreak. were talked over. II was agreed
that everything possible would be done 90
pTeVent clash
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
Hou.e withoutsouorum.

wlsHmoroS. March 23.-Ths democrats
we're again without quorum IA the house
and the attempt TO consider the O'Eeil Joy
contested election case was abandoned
until neIt week. The unanimous report Of
the election committee IN the Mheatley-
Cobb case. confirming the title of tho ait
ting member. WAS adopted, and the mill
tary academy appropriation bill Passed
withoat debate. The military academy
bill carries $500 436. a reduction OF S2,OOJ
compared with the amount appropriated
for the ftcal year. To morrow the hous .
will take up the postofiics appropriation
hsll
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

BrRM1NaroS. March 23-Three thousand
representative negroes from every part OF
Alabama. we're in attendance to-day upon q
state convention OF negroes TO consider the
question of emigration 20 Africa. IL was
the sense OF the meeting that the negroes
Of this country should return 20 that con
tinent Rs soon as possible and establish
there a great nation. IL was agreed that a.
the white man had brought the negro 90
America he ought 90 pay his fare back.
Resolutions to that heot were passed.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

wlcmrA kan. March 2L-JohH J.
Hatfield. = prominent farmer, George l.
Anderson. cashier % the SedgeWiok oty
bank. have been arrested, charged Nith
10 gsrT. and causing 90 be forged. promis-
sory notes TO- large sums. In all half q
dozen OF more forgeTiss. aud the sum uns
up into thousands Of dolla's. Warrants
ars out for Thos. Hazard. The arrests
created a ssnaatou
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

AInASY. n. Y. March 23-Thomas For
tune. a eolored speaker. has won his case
against ssloonkeopor Trainer. Of New Yo. 4.
before the court OF appeals. Trainer bad
refused 10 sell Fortune glass Of beer anu
eisctsd him from hia place. Fortune
brought suit and was awarded Sl.Ol6 dam
ages aud costs. Trainer appealed. with the
above result.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

BALTIMORE. March 2} "A special dispatch
20 the Herald gives particulars of the al
most total destruction by nre OF the village
OF Moneypik. Just outside the city of Nor
folk Fire broke out IN the sheds OF the
Rosnoks Lumber company, aud RACED
feroely from 10 .. M. tili midnight Only
six houses atO left IN ths village. Loss
500, 600, insurance 500 600.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

Nrw YoKK. March %. In ths police drag
net to-Aieht Was gathered large crowd Of
aborlionists. who have been doing = thTiv-
iue business In the city. In nearly every
instance the police eaptured the lnstru-
msnts, drugs aud ell the necessary appli-
nncss for carrying on the illegal business.
whicA vas conducted chiefly through advsr-
tisemsnts.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

sr. LOUIS March % -Aseriss Of forgsriss
Of ths uost rsmarkabls kind has been un-
ssrthsd in this city and detectives are nov
Al work upsn 10. A. least eighs banks have
sudeIsd and probably more. The aggre-
gate Of forged paper will reach fe0uoo. all
OF which has gone into the psekets OF =
gang Of nrofcaalonala.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
Al a. Juror. Challenged.

DESyER, March 2l.--In a robbery case to-
day counsel for defense objected 20 one
iurymsn on the ground tha, hsis a member
OF the A. 4. A. The challenge Was over
ruled. Then the entire jury was challenged
and u was found that eleven out Of the
twelve we're members OF that organization.
The attorney asked she coroner to summon
a now vsnire on the ground that she sheriff
is preiudioed against dsfendanta because
thsf are Catholics.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
Order. for Two Admiraia.

wasHtyoroN. March 23.-Fofnal orders
TO Admirals Walker and Kirkland we're made
out TO-DAY. Admiral Walker is detached
Z ON the inspection aud stability boards on
the .SGh ana ordered 20 3 m Francisco 10
take steamer April T. fot Honolulu. where
he wall relieve Admiai Irwin. uf the com
mand Of the Pacific station. Admiral Kirk
land is ordered 10 proceed TO Montsvideo
and hoist the Gag on the Newark.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

ALBuQurRquE. n. A.. March 2t-At Col
dsn. = mining camp north Of this city, Jia
Chesves insAnslY jealous Of his divorced
uifs. quArfelsd with Al Perry over the
woman. Pistols Wsrs drawn ana fred sim
ultansously. Cheeves Was shot dead aud
Perry cannot live
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

Drs korsEs. March Gl-The house ibis
afternoon passed the 81. John bill aakinR
10 misdemeanor 20 use imitation dairy
products Ia any public institution controlled
BY the state.
In ths senate She Perry bill prohibiting
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24
Good news From the Fails

Special 10 The Independent.
GREAT FALIs. March 23.-As q result Of =
conference tonight the directors Of the
First Nationsl bank will meet Tomorrow
afternoon and elect bank officers. |, Was
definitely decided 30 open ths bank on
Monday.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

wAsHISoIov. March =. secretary Hole
Smith sen. 20 conRreAs to-day an agree
ment made With the Cour d'Alsns Indians
In Idaho. providing for the csssion 20 tho
United states Of Arat OF tire reservation
on which the town Of Harrison aud several
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-03-24

other settlements are located. 1hs agree
msnt provides for the payment Of tlo'Oto
10 the Indians.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1894-04-06
pEAcn oRnnAnD.

One hundred llungarians viii
arrive here to-day TO take the place
OF the Italians, who are going back
TO the sold Country
4. w. Duvall returned Saturday
from a short visit to Virginia.
Mrs. John Adams and children
and Mac Childers left this morning
for the Indian Territory.
Col. Northup is shipping some
tan bark from here.
Misses Ella and Kate Frank aud
Maggie Small came home from
Catlettsburg saturday.
Lee Small has had u severe at.
tack of fever, but is some better
now.
j. w. Swetnam and family are
visiting at Georges Creek this week
Messrs. Coon Waits, Frank STAFF
ford and Harry Cooley were here
this week, and Harry had ON his
"lce-creamp necktle.
Thank you, we are not behind
time, we have the measles up here,
j. l.. Hubbard took charge OF the
Richardson postofiice last Monday,
Owing to some broken machin.
cry the mines have not run full
time for the past week, "a. t.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1894-04-06

young roots of the tobacco or cover
ing it too much with dirt, and the
hoeing may be slight so that the
surface will be stirred to kill the
young weeds but not to loosen or
disturb the tobacco roots, as this
would xiii the plant TO loosen it
when it is so small, small quanti-
ty of loose dirt may be put around
the plant. The mex: or second
working the plant should have
leaves six or eight inches long /;
this time we pillow as before taking
care to not break the leaves by plow-
ing too close ana follow with the
hoe making a considerable hill
drawing the dirt up under the leaves
so that they will stand up and max
ing the hill wide enough 10 hold
the moisture. The third and last
working we pillow as before only
that We keep farther from the to.
bacco to prevent injuring the roots,
following with the hoe destroying
all wee is and grass and making a
large hill to each plant, by this
time the stalk OF tobacco should be
eighteen inches high and We have
a very gentle horse to prevent
breaking the leaves.
II. W. KlMBALL.
(ro BE CONTINUED
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1894-04-06
BLAINE.

The past few days have been
quite cool.
Fruits are all killed, so say those
who ought to know.
School is progressing nicely-bet-
ter than ever before. Much praise
is due Prof. G NJ. Elan for the On.
ergy he displays in making 1t so.
The signs Of the school teacher
can be heard from all sides. Oh
where can they get schools
Our enterprising farmer, IL. III.
Gamblll, has procured the services
of a very fine horse trainer from
Catlettsburg.
q. W. Kouns is in the employ
of NJ. l.. Moore. They contemplate
raising tobacco this year.
We are glad to see so many pco-
pie taking an interest in the cul-
ture Of tobacco, as we think 1t will
bring more money than any other
product
j. Il. Swetnam has rented the
water mill belonging 10 Jas. Prince,
and will be found on duty after the
10Th Of April.
We have noticed number OF
candidates for the various county
offices in our town the past week.
NANCY HANKS.