Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-08-14

IHE hlOHMONO ~
century. His works consist chiefly OF bas
rciiefs on the facades and puipi's OF
Italian churches.
The most brilliant period OF the Flemish
school WAS in the seventeenth century,
under Rubens.
Horace Vernet was the greatest French
battle painter His invention was unrivai-
ed and his skill and execution unsurpass-
ed In this century.
Michael Angeles Last Judgment" exc
cuted in the Ss,ine Chapel In 1871. pro-
duced n host OF limitations. most OF whicn
were mere caricatures.
The height OF German art was reached
In the sixteenth century by AiDrecht
Durer. who was equally distinguished as
painter. sculptor, and engraVer'
In the fourteenth century William OF
Cologne was "the best painter In all Ger
man lands. and painted all sorts OF men
as though they were alive"
The Spanish school has been always
religious. and even ascetic In its produc-
tons. 1t was made so by the riga ART
rules laid down by the priesthood
The sack OF Rome by Constable dc
Bourbon in 1921 dispersed the School OF
Raphael all over Europe. and his style De-
came generally fashionable.
The group OF LAGOON and his sons was
by Agesander, to whom. also. some at
tribute the Apollo Belvidere. tn, farnese
| Hercules. and the Dying Gladiator.
The dome of ST. Peters, in Rome, Is
| inlald with mosaic copies OF celeDrated
paintjngs. The work was done In the Sc
| venteenth century. at the command OF
Clement VIII.
The .Etruscans. as early az go u. C..
were singularly skiful In casting. when
| the Romans at that date captured Vol
slni they carried away over Z'VO statues
In bronze.
I.vsippus. of Slcyon. was the first 10
| mako nortrait statues. He was court
! sculptor TO Alexander the Great. ana hdd
the MONOPOLY Of making the statues or
| that monarch
The Oldest existing statue is one OF
wood. admirably modelled. colored' anu
with eyes Of crystal. 1t is Of man named
| Ka-em-ke. an Egyptian, and dating rom
about -. C. 4oOV.
The finest ancient marble was mat lio''
| Paros. called parian: the next pest We
| from Mount Pentelicus ana liYihe''u''
near Athens. The finest modern mar
| BILE IL from Carrara.
The mosaics In the Church OF 81. Marx
| I'm Venice. are tn finest IN me "or.''
| They cover 5000 square feet or me UPPER
| walls. ceilings, and cupolas. and are all
| laid on a gold ground.
PhIdlas. Of Athens, Is generally p1acsd
| at the head OF all ancient sculp;ors. ms
marbles on the Parthenon sun eTis'
known as the Elgin marbles. Ills Athena
and Zeus have disappeared.
The most noted Athenian painters were
Dionysius. a portrait painter OF wnom
Aristotle said: He painted men as they
are: Micon. the horse painter; Ianaenus.
q landscape painter.
Giotto's greatest advance in painting
was the rejection of the greenish-black !
color the Byzantine painters employed
for the human figure and substituting the
color Of nature for the face and hands. |
The mosaic copy OF Guerino's John. |
the Baptist" exhibited by Plus IN. at |
the Worlds Fair in New York in 1872. |
was so admirably done that IT was diff |
cult to distinguish 1t from an ol-paint- |
ing.
The Flemish school dates from the fif- |
teenth century, when Hubert and Jan Van /
Eyck established themselves at Bruges. |
The characteristics Of their style were dig !
nifty, strength. and close imitation OF /
nature.
The first school OF statuary was estab-
lished at Sicyon by two Greek sculptors.
Dipnaeus and Scyllis. Piny mentions /
these two as the first who carved and |
polished marble, all previous statues be-
ing of wood.
The Mosaic copies in the Vatican of ,
large pictures by Raphael Domenichino |
and others. occupied from Il to % years
10 execute. and required from 1900 to
1900 different shades Of color
The great show pictures Of Greece were
the Illustrations Of Homer by Polygnotos.
They were painted in a public hail near
the Temple of Apollo. at Delphi. and
were considered wonders Of the world for
Coo years.
The materials OF the sculptor comprise
almost every substance capable OF being
carved. cast, or moulded. For carving
marble, alabaster. bone, ivory, granite,
basalt. and porphyry have all been used
from time immemorial.
Praxiteies was the most famous Greek
sculptor Of the female form. His Aph-
rodite is said to be the first staue in which
a female was represented entirely nude.
II was modelled from the famous cour-
tesan, Phryne.
The bronze doors of the baptistry OF
ST. John, in Florence were the work OF
Ghiberti in the fifteenth century. Ihey
were pronounced worthy to BE- the doors
of Paradise and are considered the finest
specimens OF bas-relief ever made.
vr-oa,,au,ood,s i,vestigotions Of the ac-
ton OF light on chloride or silver were
begun in 1902. Daguerre's experiments
began in 1924: his invention Of dagucrreo-
type-plate was made public in 1888, when
a pension was granted 10 him by the
French Chamber of Deputies
Rembrandt was the founder Of the
Dutch school. He opposed the ideal IN
painting. and deliberately began the repre-
sentation of nature. The models he se-
lected We're generally ugly, purposely
chosen. 1t Is said to show what difficulties
he could overcome. but his effects of light
and shade have never been surpassed
SO accurate was Melssonier in matters
of detail that. when painting one great
picture, he bought wheat-held and had
a squadron Of cavalry gallop through it
TO observe how the wheat fell and when
studying for 1872" he engaged a battery
OF artillery to drive through the snow,
and sat down to copy the tracks.
Raphael is described by the art critics
as 1.-THE first OF painters for moral force
In alegory and history unrivalled; for
fidelity in portrature unsurpassed; who
has never been approached in propriety
OF invention, composition, or expression;
who Is almost without a rival In design,
and in sublimity and grandeur inferior 10
Angelo alone"
Where Wood Is Junk.