davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1894-12-07
THE CEREALS.

BARLEY is one of the most ancient Of
plants.
In India the cultivation of rice ante
dates history.
THE earliest mention of oats in China
is IN A. d. 61s.
THERE are said to be over COO vari-
cites of wheat.
THE first ancient author to mention
rye was PIiny.
FINE -four composes about 80 per
cent. Of the grain.
OATS were not known TO the Hebrews
or the Egyptians.
THE straw of rye is often Of far more
value than the grain.
EVERY language is said to have it's
own name for wheat.
Mn.LET is prehistoric in South Eu-
rope, Egypt and Asia.
'.SPURRED rye" is one of the most
deadly poisons known.
PLrSY mentiones oatmeal as favor
tie food of the Germans.
MAIZE has been found in the most
ancient Peruvian tombs.
SPELT undoubtedly grows wild on
the plains of Mesopotamia.
SPELr is a favorite grain in South
Germany and Switzerland.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1894-12-07
FuN AND FRoLIC.

Mrs HoUsER-"What is stage busi-
ness, anyway, dear?" Houser-''Er-
getting divorces, principally, believe" "
Buffalo Courier.
FLoRA--''I don't always do unto 9th
ers as I'd have others do unto me" "
Clara-''Of course not. 1t isn't a girls
place to propose to a man."-Life.
CRITIC ito operetta composer)-"You
are lucky, for if your scores arc criti-
cised, you can feel that it is not your
melodies that are condemned. File
gende Blatter.
PUsnPEN-"Do you suppose that I
could get q bigger price for my poem If
had It set 10 mnslc?" Jolliem--"NG.
Yop'a have TO cell IL for song then. :"
Harlem life.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1894-12-07

Transacts q general banking business.
Deposits solicited. Collections made
and prompt returns. Money to loan on
reasonable terms.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1894-12-07
BAH!E tg BOLIVAR

DIRECTORBi
A. T. McNeal, d. L. Durrett, AustlA
Miller, G. r. Ingram, w. T. Anderson,
Samuel Kahn, w. c. Dorion.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Judge David Pierson.

In this issue of the Banner, Judge
David Pierson- of Natchitoches parish
is announced as "a candidate to fill
the vacancy in this Congressional
District. Judge Pierson has been
lifelong Democrat, fighting the bat
ties of his party at all times and un.
der all circumstances with consumate
skill and, unweried devotion. Intel
ligent, industrious, just, always at his
post and an ardent advocate, he has
long been one of the trusted leaders
of his party, and one of the most in
fuential and reliable men in the Dis
trict. He was a member of the Con-
stitutional Convention. of 1861, and
one of the soldiers of the war; a gal
liant and prominent officer of the fam
ed Third Louisiana Infantry-a reg
iment led, successfully, by Louis
Herbert, Frank G. Armstrong and
j. B. Gilmore-which made record
of which all Louisianians may well
feel proud.
Defining Judge Persons position,
the Natchitoches Enterprise says:
"Judge Pierson is bimetalist in the
completest sense of the term. If
elected he will insist that the pledges
made by the Democratic party with
reference to the free coinage of silver,
be carried out in good faith. Judge
Pierson favors and will support the
income tax law, the law repeating the
tax on State banks, the anti option
bill, and tariff for revenue only"
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Plain Dealing Dots.

We had quite a freeze here last
night. The fruit crop will be cut
short. Vegetables are looking sick.
Mrs. s. G. Sibley is spending a
few weeks in our town, the guest of
her daughter, Mrs. 81. Fl. Montgom-
cry.
The railroad authorities have had
some splendid bridges put up near
here on the Cotton Belt lately.
The Martin Lumber Company is
putting up a large saw milltw miles
above here on the railroad, and are
going to build a tramway east to
Bodcau.
Rev. Mr.. Boltz and family are new
additions to our town. They have
bought the property lately owned
by Capt. Thos. Lyles, and have add.
ed other improvements and made it
quite attractive. MACK.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
She3'SI'S Sale.

Joannes Smith No. 1905.
vs.. In District Court,
w. II. Bristol. }Bossicr Parish. La
py virtue of writ Of ieri facias issued in
ID above named suit, and to me directed,
have seized and will proceed 10 sell at public
auction to the lastand highest bidder at the
front door of the Court House, in the town
of Benton, La, within the legal hours of sale,
on Saturday, the 3lst day of March, 1894, the
following described property, to-wit:
All of w. H. Bristols interest Sin the
partition made between the heirs of b. F.
Hollingsworth, deceased, on the 10th of Janu-
ary, 1886, and recorded in Conveyance Book
No. 8, page 286, of the records of Caddo parish,
to-wit: Lot No. 3. Begins at the north bound
ary line of Lot No, two ~, where said line
crosses the west boundary line of section
twenty-One (2ll, thence north eight and one
halt t8l) chains, thence west to Red River and
east to west boundery line of section twenty
two (22): thence north along said section line
eleven and one-fouFth (1tl chains; thence east
sixty chains; thence south to north boundary
line of Lot No. two ~; thence west on said
boundary line to Red River, observing slight
jog on the section line); thence along said
River to the north boundary line of this Lot
No. three (3); and also an undivided One-half
III of Dwelling house and cabin on boundary
line between Lots two aud three p and 3 and
said land above described situated in BOssier
parish, La"
Above described property seized as the
property of w. H. Bristol.
Terms of Sale--Cash, without the benefit of
appraisement, to pay and satisfy the sum of
five hundred dollars, with per cent per an
mum interest thereon from the lst day of Jan
uary, 1892, with 5per cent interest additional
on said sum and interest as attorney tees,
$40 80 cost, $40 Curator ad hoe fee, with all
cost of said suit, and according to law.
A. r. THOMPSON, Sheriff
Benton, La, February %, 1894.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Personal Paragraphs.

Miss Lena B. Taylor, of Rocky
Mount, was In town visiting friends
last Saturday.
Mrs. r. E. Adger, of Rush Point,
was in Benton this week visiting
relatives.
Mr.. M. w. Bradford, of Green
wood, is a guest Of his son-in-law,
Mr.. T. NJ. Vaughn.
Mrs. [. Ell. Martin, Miss Ruby
Martin, Miss Alabel Martin, and
Miss Jennie Martin, of Dixie, were
in Benton last Saturday, visiting
friends.
Shreveport Times, March %: Mr..
John M. Scanland, of Los Angeles,
CAL, paid a visit to the Times yes
terday. 1t is pleasant to note that
our friend is looking extremely
we'll and is enjoying robust health.
He has gone to Benton to visit his
brother.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

The longest day of the year varies
with the part of the world that we
talk about. In Tornea, Finland,
Christmas Day is but three hours
long. At Stockholm, Sweden, it is
eighteen hours and half long, At
Spitzbergen the longest day is three
months long. In London and in
Bremen, Prussia, the longest day has
sixteen hours and a half. At Ham
burg. Germany, and Dantzig,
Prussia, seventeen hours makes
the longest day. At Wardsburg,
Norway, the longest day lasts from
May 81 to July %, without break.
At st. Petersburg, Russia, and To-
bolsk the longest day has nineteen
hours and the shortest has five hours.
At Tornea, Finland, whose Christmas
Day is but three hours, the longest
day has nearly twenty-five hours
The longest day at New York comes
close to fifteen hours, aud at Montre-
al, Canada, to nearly sixteen hours
Science Pour TOas.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
For Congress.

We are authorized to announce Hon. IT. w.
OGDEN, of Bossier parish. as a candidate for
Congress from the Fourth District, subject to
nomination by the District Democratic prima-
ries to be held on April 7, 1894.
We are authorized to announce Judge w.
q. HALL, of DeSoto, as candidate for Con
gress from the Fourth District, subject to
nomination by the Democratic primaries to be
held on April 7, 1894.
We are authorized to announce Judge
DAVID PIERSON, of Natchitoches, as a can
didate for Congress from the Fourth District,
subject to nomination by the Democratic pri-
maries to be held on April 7, 1894.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

For the first time in century and
a half Easter Sunday this year fell
on Lady Day-the anniversary of
the annunciation of the Virgin Mary.
This is fixed date in the ecclesias.
tical calendar, the festival occurring
always on March rs, while Easter,
which is dependent on the moon
and the vernal equinox, may come as
early as March %, or as late as
April Is.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

THE RIvER.-The Shreveport
Caucasian of yesterday evening
says; The condition of the river is
the. all-absorbing topic of specula-
ton. A cloudy sky, with indications
of rain, are far from being cheering.
The river falls slowly at Fulton and
continues to rise steadily at Shreve-
port. The gauge of the river is given
in the report of the observer. The
work of strengthening the levees
and closing gaps is being pushed
rapidly.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Survival of the Fittest.

No more pernicious teaching has
ever been set forth than that of the
philosophical school headed by Her
bert Spencer, to the effect that the
old cosmic law of 'the struggle for ex-
istence" and "the survival of the fit-
test" is the law that is to govern So
ciety. It is but another way of pro-
claiming the brutal fallacy that
"might is right" It is in direct
opposition to the law of Christ
which bids US ''bear one another's
burdens" and teaches that the strong
sought to bear the infrmities of the
weak" We are glad that Mr.. Huxley,
in his Romanes lecture, repudiates
this article in the orthodox evolution
ary creed Here is what he says:
"The practice of that which is ethi-
cally best-what we call goodness
or virtue-involves a course of con-
duct which, in all respects, is opposed
to that which leads to success in the
cosmic struggle for existence. In
place of worthless self-assertion, it
demands self-restraint; in place of
thrusting aside or treading down all
competitors, it requires that the in
dividual shall not merely respect, but
shall help his fellows. It repudiates
the gladiatorial theory of existence.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Homestead Entry No. 1893.

Land Office at NatchitOches, Louisiana,
February %, 1894
Notice is hereby given that the following
IN named settler has filed notice of his
intention to make final proof in support of his
claim, and that said proof will be made before
the Honorable Clerk of the District Court at
Benton, Louisiana, on April z, 1894, viz:
Homestead Entry No. 4033-Hector Pierre
for the east half Of southwest quarter of Sec
tion Ia, township II North, range II West
Louisiana Meridian. He names the following
witnesses to prove his continued residence
upon and cultivation of said land, viz: Henry
Williams, Nick Patter, Luther Nelson and
Porter Wright, of Haughton, La.
EDWARD PHILLIPS, Register.
March ], 1894. april 5
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

Our State Legislature which meets
on the 18th of May, next, will elect
three United States Senator. One
Senator will be chosen to fill the un-
expired term of ex-senator and JUS
tice White, which term expires in
1897. Another Senator will be cleo
ted to fill the unexpired term of the
late Senator Gibson, which term ex,
pires in 1895, and third Senator
will be elected for a full term begin
ming March 4, 1895.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

Lieut.. Chas. Given, in writing of
his recollections of the late Civil
War states that the battle of Corinth
was fought on November 8 and 4,
1862, and that the taoops under
Gems. Van Dorm and Price numbered
10000, while the Federal army was
only 10000 strong. These state
ments are incorrect. The battle of
Corinth was fought on October 8
and 4, 1862, and there were not more
than 10000 Confederate soldiers
engaged. We correct the above
misstatement and cite it as a sample
of the ''war recollections" now being
published in some of the papers.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
How to Succeed.


azine for March, entitled "Life as
Found by Millionaires," there is
much that young men could read
with profit. For instance, Giovanni
z. Morisini, who is one of the rich
men of New York, and who landed in
that city without money or friends,
says that if he were asked to lecture
to young men he would say: 'Do all
you can the best you can."
Mr.. Morisini acted upon that ad-
vice, and he succeeded in accumulat-
ing very large fortune. He arrived
in New York from Smyrna, having
worked his passage as sailor before
the mast. He was fortunate enough
to get the position OF Office boy in,
the Erie railroad Office, and at the
very beginning he made a resolution
to do all he could and the best he
could. When he had finished one
task he went directly to his superior
and asked "what next" If he had
fastened away to a game of fool ball
or base ball as soon as his task was
done, or if he had waited to be direct
ed to a new task, he would not have
attracted the attention of his employ
ers.
He succeeded because he had made
up his mind to succeed. He knew
that he must be faithful and temper
ate, and that he must show willing
ness not only to do more than he was
asked to do, but that be must be pre-
pared for more responsible duties if
he should be required to perform
them.
He was, of course, promoted, be-
cause he deserved promotion, and be,
cause he had made himself so thor
onghly familiar with the business of
his employers that be was qualified
to take any position they might offer
him.
The young men who fail to get
ahead in the word have only them
selves to blame. They give more at
tention to pleasure than their duties
will permit. They retire late at night
and are unfit for work the following
day. Their thoughts are not on their
business. They are occupied with
some pleasurable event that is past
or is to come, and they let opportuni-
ties to advance their employers in
terests pass unimproved. Too many
of them form drinking or gambling
habits, and they are not trusted
Their abilities may be ever so good
but they cannot hope for promotion
if they do not inspire confidence.
The men who succeed are the men
who deserve to succeed, and there
are very few young men who cannot
win fair measure of success If they
strive for it in the way that common
sense dictates.-SaUanndh Neacs.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Haughton School.
j. M. BATES and MISS KATIE
MURFF, Teachers.
Names of Pupils.

Names of Pupils.
Nora Wart. Lucius johnson.
Eva Lawrance. Jasper Huston.
Katie Lawrence. Afford McDade.
Estelle Bates. Wilkins McDade.
Blanche Bates. Calvin Williams.
Pearl Bates. Johnnie B. Hall.
Audrey Murff. Claude Oneal.
Nettie Stidham. Jack Pennington.
Hattie Mckinney. Estelle Pennington.
Gussie Wasson. Boykin Rascoe.
Emmie Perrin. Bert DOYLE.
Flemie Rascoe. Clinton Bell.
Mamie Gibson. jeff Yates.
Addie Yates. Killie Hodges.
Debbie Wart. Charley Edwards.
Maud Mckinney. Eva McDade.
Katie Odom. May Ratliff.
Edna McDade. Sallie May Britt.
Ada Edwards. Bessie Hitler.
Ethel Burch. Lucille Lawrence.
Ross McDade. Myrtis Lawrence.
Herbert McDade. Eula Connell.
Shelton Burch. Clifford Connell.
Joe Hitler. Josie Mckinney.
Ev Connell. Ava Mckinney.
jim Wooley. Della Odom.
John Bullock. Celia Doyle.
Henry Bullock. Lizzie Kelly.
Joe Bullock. Alline Hall.
Katie Perrin. Claude Mckinney.
FL. Lawrence. Allie Oneal.
Lula Bell. Ida Myers.
Mary W. Bell. Maggie Britt.
Dea Gibson. Hattie Bullock.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
UNION HOTEL.

w. nj. SMITH, PROPRIETOR.
boarding and Lodging by the Day, Week
ID or Month.
Livery Stable connected.
Teams always in readiness for Drummers
and the public generally.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Concord School.
j. +. TAYLOR and MISS L. B. TAY
LOR, Teachers.
Names of PUPILS.

Names of Pupils.
Alec Bass. James Matlock.
Luke Bass. Henry Matlock.
Mnrtie Burks. Alice Matlock.
Marion Burks. Nolan Mckinney.
Minnie Burks. Isaac Mckinney.
Mamie Bounds. ClarenceMcKinney
Garry Bounds. Clara Mckinney.
Rosa Bounds. Ethel Mckinney.
Lucy Bounds. Katie Mckinney.
Maggie CovingtonHugh Mckinney.
Walter CovingtonErnest Mckinney
Joe Covington. Arthur Mckinney
Myrtice Garter. Marvin Mckinney
Ella Carter. Eva Mckinney.
Ethel Carter. Nellie Mckinney.
Pearl Carter. Ada Mckinney.
Edgar Cupp. Gilmer Mckinney
Simon Doyle. Andrew Mckinney
Mary Grubbs. Clyde Oglesby.
Julia Grubbs. Charlie Oglesby.
Thomas Grubbs. Bonnie Oglesby.
Bennie Grubbs. Bob Prestige.
Minnie Giles. Willie Smith.
Linda Giles. Job Wilson.
Floyd Kendrick. Bertie Wilson.
Della Kendrick. Emmett Wilson.
Hollie Lowe. Irving Watts.
Terrie Lowe. Nellie Watts.
Webb Martin. Laura Young.
Roberta Martin. Blackford Young,
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

Jacksonville, Florida, has two
hotels which, together, cost over
S,5OOO,09O.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Notice of Democratic Primary.

At a meeting of the Democratic
Executive Committee of the Fourth
Congressional District of Louisiana,
held on the 10Th inst, the following
resolutions were adopted:
Resolved, by the democratic execu-
tive committee of the fourth congress
sional district.
First-That the nomination of
democratic candidate for congress,
in the fourth district, be made by
general primary election to be held
on Saturday, the 7th day of April,
1894, throughout the district at the
polling places established by law in
the respective parishes, the polls to
be opened at 9 o'clock a. NJ. and closed
at 6 p. m. the candidates for congress
to be voted for direct and the one
receiving the highest vote to be de-
clared the nominee; only known white
democrats qualified under the law,
and who will agree to support the
nominee, will be entitled to vote.
Second-The members of this com.
nittee from each parish, with the
chairman of his parish democratic
executive committee, shall appoint
three or more commissioners of cleo
tion for each polling place, each can
didate having the right to name one
commissioner for each polling place,
to hold said election, and in the alb
sence of any commissioner, the voters
present at the voting place shall ap-
point them; the commissioners of
election shall send the returns of the
election by registered letter to the
chairman of this committee at Match
itoches, La, and q duplicate of same
to each member of their respective
parishes.
Third-This committee shall meet
at Shreveport, La, on April IA, 1894
and compile the vote and promulgate
the result.
Fourth-That there be printed on
the back of each ticket the words:
For or against income tax.
For or against tariff for revenue
only.
For or against the repeal of the 10
per cent tax on state banks.
For or against the anti-option bill.
For or against free coinage of
silver.
For or against nomintions by pri-
mary elections.
Now, complying with said resolu-
tions, we hereby appoint the follow
ing Commissioners for each polling
place in the Parish of Bossier, to
hold said election, and make returns
of election as provided for in said
resolutions:
Ward l, Atkins Landing-J. W.
Atkins, D. E. Griffin and A. j. Moss.
Ward l, Curtis-J. M. Stacey, Il.
G. Pickett and W. J. Fullilove.
Ward 2, Benton-Wm. Timber
lake, S N. Arnold and G. B. VIM
bish.
Ward 8, Cottage Grove-W. N.
Doles, W. G. Hughes and J. F.
Strayhan.
Ward 8, Plain Dealing-Jos. E.
Johnston, S. j. Caldwell and T. z.
Barnett.
Ward 4, Cartersville-J. Y. Kill
gore, T. M. Goodwin, and G. B.
Garrett.
Ward 4, Edo or Mott. j.
Stubs, g. M. Matlock and ]. E.
Holloway.
Ward 5, Rocky Mount. McC.
Hughes, T. P. Larkin, and J. F.
Adair.
Ward s, Midway. T. Many,
P. Fl. Curry, and W. E. Farley.
Ward 6, Bellevue-R. E. Wyche,
G. W. Lockley and Sam. Berry.
Ward 6, Haughton-J. W. Elston,
j. G. Hodges, and E. ]. McDade.
J. A. SN1DER,
Chairman Democratic Executive
Committee, for Bossier Parish, La.
J. A. W. LOWRY,
Member Democratic Congressional
Committee for Fourth District of
Louisiana.
Benton, La, March 21st, 1894.
United States Senator A. H. Col
quit, Of Georgia, died at Washing
ton on the 25th inst,
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

For good goods and low prices,
60 to Gayle & Co.'s.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

The total income of the Church of
England is about 100000 a week.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

United States Senator A. H. Col
quit, Of Georgia, died at Washing
ton on the 25th inst.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
Wanted at Once.

7 arge bodies of cheap land in Bossier and
IL Webster parishes, consisting in great
part of worn out lands and thrown out old
fields. j. HUM HILLYARD,
Real Estate Agent, Shreveport, La.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

A ttorney at Law, Benton, La. Win prac
IA tice in the Courts of Bossier, Bienville
and Webster parishes.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29

A HAND MADE CYPRESS CISTERN-
N 1000 Gallous, SIS. 500 Gallons, $40.
1000 Gallons, $25. $500 Gallons, $35.
A. RIGGS s. BRO, 80 Perdido, New Orleans.
The Bossier banner., 1894-03-29
I'll. ~. MegrR.

A ttorney at Law, Benton, Louisiana. Will
"A practice in the Courts OF Bossier and
adjoining parishes.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1894-08-20
PROHIBITION CONVENTION.
Which Comes Off at Warner Hall Th
 Week Wednesday,.

Which Comes Off at Warner Hall This
 Week Wednesday.
 The following circular has been is- sued by the prohibition partys state committee:
 "The Connecticut prohibitionists have arranged very interesting and at- tractive program for their convention at Warner hall, New Haven, next We'd nesday August 22. Tuesday evening, the o1st, they are to have a grand mass meeting in Warner hall, with rousing campaign songs by MT. and Mrs. Beveridge, the Nebraska singers, and several addresses, among the speakers who have been announced are Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt, the round-the- world missionary of the ". c. T. U., the Hon. Henry B. Metcalf and James A, Williams, esq.,, of Rhode Island, and l.. G. Jordan, the brilliant young colored orator of Philadelphia. Follow ing the mass meeting Tuesday evening, there will be an important confer'r r to which all delegates are invited. Wednesday morning at 10:5O, the con- vention proper begins. Features of the morning session o.
 will be services in recognition of the twenty anniversary of the organi- | zation of the prohibition party, wi h honors to the veteran pioneers. Me morial services for the Hon. I. C. Lewls Hon. George P. Rogers. Hon. Hiram Camp, and other valued friends of the cause who have died since the last con- vention; also special recognition of the l junior and collegiate organizations of the party. At the afternoon session, the platform will be adopted, and a state ticket nominated.
 Special reduced rates are secured on all the railroads of the state for this convention, and large attendance is expected"
 tion are: F. G. Platt, J. B. Smith William J. Rawlings, H. c. Chapin G. B. Cowles, S. N. Chapin, Mrs. Will. liam R. Stone, F. J. Diston, L. G. Shel. don, D. o. Rogers, c. E. Steele John J Sloan, jr., George J. Holmes C. H. Bird E. B. Abbe, Rev. E. G. Hjerpe
 Mr. and Mrs. Beveridge, who sang ir Fair Haven in May for the temper ance people, will be at Warner hal tomorrow night. Henry B. Metcal1 and James A. Williams of Rhode Island, Rev. L. G. Gordon of Philadel phia and Mrs. Leavitt, the world mis sionary of the W. c. T. U., are expected to make addresses. The meeting wil be a preliminary rally to the prohibi tion state convention, which occurs ir the same place Wednesday.
The daily morning journal and courier., 1894-08-20
sl,i65,7 c 9l se77 ,as3 co sl,lsa.p .pst &

Dividends payable to-day arei
 Erie Telephone and Telegraph com pany, per cent.
 Delaware and Bound Brook railroad, per cent.
 Tomorrow the transfer books of the American Coal company close for n semi-annual dividend of 3 l-2 per cent, payable September lst.
 On Wednesday next the transfer books of the Heoker, Jones, Jewell company close for the usual quarterly dividend Of per cent, payable September l.
 On Thursday next the Chicago, Bur lington and Quincy railroad books close for the usual quarterly dividend Of l-4 per cent, payable September 18th.
 On Friday the transfer books of the National Lead company close for divi- dend of 3-4 per cent. on the preferred stock, payable September 18th.
 The Illinois Central railroad pay a dividend of 2l-2 per cent. September lst.