davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Asked for His Resignation.

TOPEKA. KAN, March 7-Governor
Lewelling this afternoon asked for the
resignation of John +. Willis. president
of the State Board Of Iardons. \. {.
Baker. recently chief clerk Of the Labor
Bureau. succeeds him.
Governor Lewclling refuses 10 make
public his reasons for removing WIFI
but it Is generally UNDERWOOD In the
State House that it was because Willis
has been making war upon the adminis-
tration.
Willis was the first Populist candidate
for Governor and was only defeated by
a small majority in 1880.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
She Got the Worst of It.

There was but one vacant seat In the
car on the elevated road, and it was next
20 woman not handsome, but highly
dressed. A middled aged man entered and
on seeing him approach the seat she put
her muff in it. Observing her little game,
he sauntered aimlessly along and sat on
the roll of fur. Her indignation and sur
prise knew no bounds, aud she looked
around the car for sympathy, but every
body seemed to be on the side OF tho man,
who never cracked smile, nor showed by
any sign that he knew what he had done.
A salts bottle in the muf got the worst OF
the incident, and the car was filled with
a highly ammoniated odor for the next
hour. Somehow or other people like to see
an impolite and shrewish woman get tho
worst OF 1t. In this case there was a great
deal Of quiet laughter among the passen-
gers who witnessed the AFFAIR and more
than one was heard toremark that IL serv.
Cd her right.--New York Herald
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
HlCCOUCHED FOR MANY HOURS.
Maurice FIrestone. Attacked in the After
noon, suffered Until Late at Night.


Maurice FIrestone a switch cleaner, Of
Madison. Kan, began hiccoughing about
O'Clock Tuesday afternoon. and the
spasms. ut the rate Of thirty hiccoughs
"a minute racke1 his body until at late
hour that night Or Matthias Nicoh sd'-
ce,d,i in stopping them in the Chambers
street Hospital Firestone was theh 50
weak that h. WAS perfectly helpless.
The attack began as ne was walking
through the Iiowory, near ChalhaW
S,uare lie was taken into a drugstore
but nothing could bee done there. ana an
ambulance took him to Chambers-Stre't
Hospital. His sufferngs were most acute
and the hiccouchs resomblci moth ns 20
much as the short, sharp h3rhHh q
dog ,
The usual remedies were administer u
hut had no effect whatever Tie nc
coughs continued until late at niSn;, wren
they stopped Dr Nicoll thinks That, 7
there is no relapse his patient VIII re-
cover IN Ii few days.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Ihicf Endi.iInh Defeated.

LONDON. March THE Admiralty or
fee is i'm receipt Of q dispatch from
Bathurst. Gambia. this morning report
ing another engagement between BTlush
troous. a detachment Of the West ihd'd
Regiment. and strong band OF ioiioWeIS
~ chief Folisilah. Rear Adhirai neu,
ford. of the flagship Raleigh reports 'n"'
,,.. yv,st Indians were attacked 10y the
,.t,,.s while advancing upon the village
- Uamiur Yesterday. a fight ensuing IN
,cbicb seven Of the British soldiers were
wounded The West Indians opened a
deadly fire upon the natives. causing hem
:, retreat. and this advantage was toI-
loved M until the British took posses
SION Of Bamjur which they burned. me
loss 10 the natives in killed and wounded
WAS very heavy.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
MARYLAND mETHoDISTS.
The nom Annual Conference !" >e'sio"
-, yr.,,.rick-Wani Local Option.

FREDERICK. MD. March Inc one
hundred and tenth annual session oil 'he
Methods, Episcopal Conference convened
In the Methodist Episcopal church here
this morning. iGi members answering TO
the rou-cau. Bishop Charles II. Fowler
n,esided REV. Georse T.. MAXWELL OF
raiumore was elected secretary IN"
rules governing the last conference were
adopted for this session. The conference
Is being largely attended. Tfe presiding
Si,ers ~ washington and Cumberland DIS
,ric,s read their reports. which were
adopted. The conference. containing ~
ministers and representing 800 members
IN a set 81 resolutions this morning Peu-
toned the Maryland Legislature Tor uhe
passage Of the general local-opion ia"'
now pending M the House OF Deies@tes'
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08

WASHINGTON. u. G.. March =
Admiral Benham has cabled the Navy
Department from Rio that he transierre'
his flag yesterday from the New York t.
the san Francisco. The New York has
been lying in Rio harbor about two weeks
and it is her turn to 90 outside for frcSf
air. The fact that Admiral Benham' wn'
retiros the middle Of next month, has
not already been relieved In order 10 allow
him 20 take the steamer for home via
Euror.. is strong indication that h'
will soon start north
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
The Cerman-Russlan Treaty.

RFRILN. March Tn the heiSV', ,,,'l
to-day Dr. Won Boetuch.'r lhPeI,a' W.,
,,itfae having charge Of the German kus-
Sian treaty that Prussia viii accede 10
the demands Of Southwestern GERMANY
Nv This action the government has mace
friends OF several members from Soutn-
,r, prussia. who have hitherto been
s,aunch opponents Of the treaty;
The Eeichstag also discussed the Pu's-
Of the abolition Of certificates of identity
on rc-cxporN1 cereals.
Count Posadwsky. Secretary OF the I'M
Derial Treasury. expressed ms opinion
that the abolition Of the l1eh'ty Veru-
ticates would 10 an eminent degree peHe-
III the distressed aEriculturalists'
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
THE TARIFF BILL.
IT WILL es LAID BEFORE THE FINANCE
COMMITTEE TO-DAY.
Democratic Members Hard nj WofJ Com
plotting It-May Contain Some Great
surprises-Metai Schedules

WASHINGTON. ID. C.. Mar9 MI
Voorhees, statement on the dor OF The
Senate this afternoon. that NJ assumed
that the tariff would be laidbefore the
fnn membership OF the FpaDce Com
,nittcc before many hours. VS. borne out
ly the subsequent action y tho Senator.
thrn. ubou, O'Clock he Issued
notices for meetln( OF the fnll
c.miuiwce Tor io-morr~ morning at u
O'Clock and sent them 20 the residences
a. The Republican sfnators by a riding
,.-e II IS also Nhy OF note, in con-
rr.tian with this natter, that a leading
,..,,icr Of the Committee made the as
..-f,on that this action Of the Chairman
en-. not the result Of n conference with
those who had had the construction OF
o.. hui iu charge and might lead 20 an
other p0stponmcni The Democratic
members Of ele committee repaired to
tb. r,un.ties-rcom as soon as the Skin
Nash over tie Bland iii was ended and
,rr.Iel themselves TO the consideration
OF Me bm with rcdoublod energies.
10 COMPLETE IT
yoorheas left at O'Clock. bat Vest
1.-.. MCPHERSON. and Harris remained
,.t ordered their dinner s>nt 70 the
,.m-oi,.te-room. Il being their intention
O., remain IN session tonight so long ~
might become necessary 10 complete the
IN AID send il TO the print.ng-oiiice. At
,.a same time orders were sent TO the
Gar,rnn,nt Printing ONCE to have Il
force ot tAcn on hand and ready to take
Gill. copy as soon "a it was sent ana
l.v. the blil printed In time 20 lay before
o.. committee nj u O'Clock tomorrow
,...rr.rs. Having laid all plans for the
,... .fig,s OF the bill, the committee
,......l their attack upon the disputed
,,..lg.es. one Of the members who was
&C.,, for a moment intmatod that the
t... would. De thought. whom b reached
o.. tnliIc found 10 contain some very
rIut. surprises
WILL BE LESS.
t-.,vv cuts have been made In many
o. Gin. schedules % the wilson n'ii anu
g. r.. policy Of the committee f car go
..f a- indicated. the net amount OF i'NN
90. .l..l.l by m, Senate bin VIII be- Jess,
..1 ur.n present imporations. ana
...tfre the duty on sugar. than ''''
,...,.I ,i,on hy the Committee on WY p,
I'D Means i'm the Hous". 1t * UNDERSTOOD
.... this afternoon somo-.aticnilon W'S
....... 81. H.. metal schedules ~ Inc oe-
...t irOu-1rc having been gwen
d.., tn., schedule would have 10 ~
fr Dgt 70 g. said that inns WI
.f.,.l tna committee finding u'"'
d.. tr.y given duty ~ even so hu,h
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
~ Clahstnne,s Condition.

LONDON, March The following
bulletin was issued ton ght 10y Gladstone
rbvsjclans: MT Gladstone is suffering
from troublesome cough. due to
catarrhal Inflammation Of the throat. His
,sr,nCratur.. however. Is only slightly
above normal and his strength is good.
lie remains in bed"
Gladstone dined at n club last night
and afterwards walked home The night
was very raw. and when he arrived home
no had taken cold.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
4 hicCarihNiie Stow.

LONDON. March 7--Some Of the lead
,n, members of Irish (McCarthyite) party
I'm Parliament are denouncing Justin Nc
earthly. their leader. for the attitude he
has assumed In regard to the succession
OF Lord Rosebery to the premiership The
movement has not as yet reached stage
threatening revolt but McCarthy's posi-
tion is characterized as one displaying
bad Judgment and lack Of stability.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Erifish Shin. at Rio.

LONDON. March THE British naval
chief AT Rio de Janeiro reports TO the
government that he was arranged. not
only with the brazilian Government but
with the insurgents. 50 that British SHIPS
may be enabled to obtain ballast without
nolcstation. and leave the harbor' ne
also says that the port should be CLOSED
and all vessels ordered to leave o"ihs
20 the rapid spread Of yellow-ieVer
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
An Ambiguous nep,y.

An advertisement was inserted In .
weekly newspaper for nm organist and mu-
sic teacher. Among the replies was the
following: "Sir. | notice your advertise
n,ent for an orgsnist and music teacher.
lady or gentleman. Having been both for
several years, offer you my services. -
Philadelphia Call.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
AT MANASSAS AGAIN.
THE NEGRO WHITE ON HIS SECOND
TRIAL FOR CRIMINAL ASSAULT.
Motions to Qunsh and for n Change of Venue
Oyerruied-Mr. Msredith's Strange Post
script-The Plea Not Guilty.

MANASSAS. VA. March 7.-Cspeciai)-
White and Robinson were brought mere
again this morning from Alexandria un-
der guard OF Company +, Third Regi-
ment. Virginia Volunteers. Court con-
vened at 1910. and thirty-two men were
placed around the bar. and the prisoner
was brought in. The room was crowded,
as usual, but the crowd was very orderly.
The first dilatory motion was 10 the
effect that che County Court had no
Jurisdiction in the case. as the OFFENCE
was committed and the prisoner had Sc
lected to be tried in the Circuit Court
before the law was passed taking such
cases from the Jurisdiction Of the Circuit
Court.
OVERRULED.
The motion was overruled, as was also
a motion to quash the Indictment ana
the next was change Of venue to
Alexandria or some other county. In
support of the latter motion Captain
Mushbach and Sergeant Marbury were
called 20 the stand to make aiiidavi's.
They were also questioned as TO whether
they Rad heard that violence might b.
offered the counsel in the case. Captain
Mushbach had heard nothing of the kind.
FROM MIR. hfEREDITH
Mr.. Marbury had received letter. 20
which was a postscript to 'ne effect that
It would be well for Mr.. Greene TO modify
his crcss-examnatiou when the case
came up again. The letter was from Hon.
T.. T.. Meredith The change OK venue
motion and also one Tor postponement
till the April term were overruied, anu
exceptions were noted. The next dila-
tory motion was to quash the venire
facias This was also oyerruled and eX-
cepted to. The prisoner was then ar
rai;,ned and refused to plead on the
grounds that ths court had no jurisdic-
ton. The Court entered a plea Of mot
guilty"
JURY CHOSEN.
The Jury was then chosen. the venre
exhausted in getting the requisite num-
be-.
At 40 an hours recess WAS taken, ana
upon reassembhug court adjourned until
10 to-morrow, and the prisoners were put
under guard in the CInnOn-House As
usual the militia boys were making a
splendid showing. Their company con-
slsts Of eighty-iiyc men all told, ana
eighty-four men are here the other one
betng sick IN bed. In addition 10 the
guard In the courtroom a heavy patrol
was kept around the jail.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08

1--WE would urge every one to read ,he
advertisement vi simmons Liver Reguia-
tor. We have never before SAID one
word In favor OF any patent-medicine aa-
yertisemcnt IN our columns. but havihf
given simmons Liver Regulator q lar
trial, we do not hesitate TO say tnas
for dyspepsia and general debility 1t can
not be excelled. Fired. NJ. Childs, ecitor
News" kenton, Ohio. ..
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
coReETTs OPINION CT JACKSON

III. colored Boxer Not as shiffy ns
Mitchell Nor as Dangerous M s"ii''ah'
Baltimore special 10 the New YORK
World says:
Jim corbett, who Is now playing an
engagement here. said to-day IN regard 70
bis coming match with Jackson; 'SacA-
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08

first Physician-This won't do at all.
The grip must have longer pame--an
eight or ten syllable name from the Latin,
Greek or Hebrew would be about right.
Second Physician--What's wrong with
the present manner
First Physician - Too commonplace
Half the people won't even send for doc
tor.--New York Weekly, -...-.----
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
NIaryland's OYSTER Law.

ANNAPOLIS, MD. March Mr..
Waters introduced in the Senate the gen
cral oystcr-law. Under its provisions
longing for oysters is permitted be
tween September 1st and April 18th. and
dredging from october 18th 10 March 18th.
This corresuonds with the Virginia laws
which give the Virginia oystermen a
longer open season than the present
Maryland law. In the common beds in the
Potomac.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Used to Ride Asleep.

DR.. Pritchard, a British physician OF
national reputation, had a patient who
was very fond of horseback exercise. This
man would rise at night, find his way 10
the stable, saddle and bride his horse, en-
Joy n long gallop and finally return home
aud arouse the whole family while prowl
ing around In somnambulistic sleep.
DR.. Pritchard further says that this man
could only be aroused by having tho soles
OF his feet tickled.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Crank Carter "A Criminal.

LONDON. March 7.-Wyndiiam carter
the crank who was arraigned IN the DOW
street Police Court February I'm Oh
charge Of having menaced the NE OF tnS
Queen was to-day adJudged cti'li'ha'
lunatic. Since his arraignmeht III eouI'
on the original charge he mas oeeh .on'
fined in an asylum, but not az ei'"'i-
nal
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
,Iovemepts of United states Vessels.

WASHINGTON. ID. c.. March T.
The United States steamship Hanger
sailed from AcaJutla yesterday Tor san
lose. Guatemala. The Essex sailed from
Newport for Charleston. $. G. The Nesu-
vius left Norfolk for gun-pmctice in York
river
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Herbert Gladstone's Place.

LONDON, March THE announcement
Is made officially that Herbert oiaus'on'
viii succeed George }. Shaw-he'esrc o.
Fist Commissioner OF Pubic "oiN'
Ia Lord Nosebery's Cabinet.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
A Harmless bomb.

LONDON March IA bomb iouhu o''
the wind0w-sll OF q Bow-sfreet pones
station has been fully examiner a"u
found 10 be harmless. II was piaceu u''
the window-s!D undoubtedly by prac-
teal Joker.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Potter Palmer Seriously Ill.

CHICAGO, March Potter Palmer
the miIiionar, proprietor II II" Palmer
House. is seriously i'll at his house here
with the grip. Mr. Palmer II 80 ysdis oiI.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
a Simple barometer.

One Of the simplest barometers is a spi-
der's web. Nature says that when there
is prospect Of rain or wind the spider
shortens the filaments from which its web
is suspended and leaves things in this
state as long rs the weather is variable.
II the insect elongates its thread, it ia
sign OF fine. calm weather, the duration
of which mey be judged by the length to
which the THREADS arc let out. II the spi.
der remains INACTIVE, it is sign Of rain.
but IL, on the contrary, it keeps at work
during rain, the latter will not last long
and will be followed by fine weather.
Yankee Blade
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-03-08
Preferred His Company.

He-You were getting ready to 60 out,
and Pm afraid my call is inopportune
She--Really and truly, would much
rather stay here and talk with you than to
keep my engagement this afternoon.
81 am delighted. But can the engage
ment be broken without causing hard feel
inRsi"
"Oh, yes. The dentist won't minis" ~
New York Weekly.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20
SS3.3IY.OOO Acres.

Two-fifths of the entire area of the
United States consists of arid land and
upon 616,000,00O acres crops could be
produced with water. At present only
about one-half of one per cent of this
land is under irrigation.
Only those who understand and appre-
ciate these facts are aware of the import
ance of the bject of irrigation and of its
connection with the development and
prosperity of the entire country.
All phases of the problem will be dis
cussed at the Third National Irrigation
congress which convenes in Denver, Sep
tember 8, and results of incalculable
value to every citizen are expected.
In addition to the work performed, the
visitor will be shown what has been ac-
complished by irrigation in different
parts of Colorado and will be feasted on
the luscious melons of Rocky Ford and
the delicious peaches of Grand Junction;
all results of irrigation.
Low rates on the railroads. all who
desire further information are requested
TO address
THos. L. SMITH, Secretary,
II, IL Equitable Building,
Denver, Colo.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20
RAILROAD MANAGEMENT,

Speaking of those freight rebates al
lowed western shippers by the A., I. d S
f. road in violation of the Interstate
commerce law, one of the roads Boston
directors, Mr.. Libbey, says Remnants
crime is IN getting caught, and he de-
plores this, for Reinhart is "a poor man
having only about 100000" Most of us
would like to be rated "poor" at these
figures.
But Director Libbey is right about one
thing. He says: 81 am in favor of hav-
ing the accounts of railroad examined
periodically by expert accountants, in
the same way as is done in England, and
if l remain director in the Atchison
company 1 shall recommend that that
system be adopted. In England the
directors are paid handsome salaries and
told to draw their pay monthly, and are
then held responsible by the stockholders
for the management of the road"
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20

Some such scheme as this is certainly
the demand Of the times, and if to go
along with it congress should provide a
rigid law governing the making up and
publication of financial statements by the
railroads, both investors and the general
public would be benefited. The. west
should take particular interest in such
law, for the safety it would guarantee to
investors would go far toward promoting
additional railroad construction for the
development of growing western COM
munities.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20
An Insect Squeiched.

AS the days pass swiftly by, Gov. Thorn
toms wisdom in appointing Messrs. Bull
and Chavez TO the board of regents be-
comes more and more apparent. These
gentlemen, misrepresented by the Coils.
and jackals, are widely and favorably
known in reputable business circles be-
tween New Mexico and New York. They
have successfully conducted their own
business affairs and are considered pro-
per men to aiu in restoring the college to
q solid business footing.
These statements are unnecessary, ex-
cept for the information of the young
generation of vipers which may be tickled
by the syren songs of "little birdie,' and
insects of like llk.-Las Cruces Independ-
ent-Democrat.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20
MONDAY. AUGUST 20.
Democratic Territorial Convention.

In accordance with resolution of the
Democratic territorial central committee,
adopted at meeting held in Santa Fe on
the llth day of August 1894, convention
of the Democratic party of tine territory
is hereby called to meet at Las Cruces, N.
NJ, on the 18th day of September, 1894,
at O'Clock p. M, to nominate candi-
date for delegate to the house of repre-
sentatives of the 54th congress of the
United States.
In accordance with said resolution each
county of the territory is entitled to one
delegate to said convention for each 1875
votes cast for Hon. Antonio Joseph, as
delegate to congress in 1892, and an addi-
tional delegate for each fraction of the
unit of l25 amounting to fifty or more.
Under this apportionment the several
counties of the territory are entitled to
representation as follows:
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20
DEMOCRACY AND STATEHOOD.

Taking common sense view of it,
unless New Mexico goes solidly Demo-
cratic this fall statehood will again be in
definitely postponed. 1t is to be regret
ted that politics is thus SO intimately as
sociated with patriotism and the plain
duty of true statesmen, but it is neverthe-
less fact, and all the moralizing that
one may indulge in can not alter the
situation of affairs.
Over in Arizona the people are taking
purely business view of this matter and
are gong in to win statehood on the
theory that, as matters now have shaped
themselves, only through Democratic sue
cess can the all-important object be at
tained. While in Chicago the other day.
Gov. l.. C. Hughes, of Arizona, used these
significant words:
"The political status of the state in the
coming election will cut some figure in
the admission of the territory, but as the
people of our state are anxious for state
hood, and realize that admission must
come from Democratic administration,
l look for big increase in the normal
Democratic Majority"
New Mexicans who desire statehood,
who are here for business and not alone
for politics
H.,
And leads men into pools and ditches,'
may very conveniently take hint unto
themselves from this, and make up their
state this winter can only be brought
about through the election of Demo
cratic delegate this fall.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20
A., r. 4 4. Z. Time Card.

Under the new train schedule, in effect
Sunday Aug. s, trains over the A., T. g. s
+. arrive and depart as follows:
Leave at 3 p. m. to connect with No.
east, the regular mail train, also with train
No. l south to Ell Paso and Mexico points,
returning, arrive at Santa Fe at 5:45 p. IN.
This train brings the Albuquerque and
Ell Paso mail.
Leave Santa Fe at 7:05 p. m. to connect
with train No. 3, south bound. This train
carries mail from the east and arrives at
Santa Fe at 9:05 p. m.
Leave Santa Fe at 10:4O p. m. to con-
meet with No.2, east bound from Ell Paso
and Mexico, and returning reaches Santa
Fe at 1910 a. m.
Under this schedule the Santa Fe-Lamy
branch train will make three trips in
stead of two, connecting with all main
line trains, thus doing away with all de-
lay by Santa Fe passengers at Lamy.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican., 1894-08-20
PRESS COMMENTS.
What Ii Means.

Statehood for New Mexico means some
thing more than two United States sem
ators. 1t means that agricultural and
mining property will soon double and
treble in value and that capital which is
always timid about investing in the terri
tories will be certain to come as soon as
we become state.-Socorro Chieftain.
Xxx
Yes: Yell "Rats'' and Defeat state
hood.
The New MEXICAN uses this argument
for statehood: | know of $20,O0O,00O
which are absolutely waiting to come to
New Mexico as soon as We become a
state: New Mexico can not become state
if the Republicans are successful in car
rying the territory in the fall elections; !;
therefore, be sure and vote the Demo-
cratic tickets. To all of which Republi-
cans reply in one word-"Rats!"--L
Vegas Optic.