The Van Buren press., 1894-11-10
FARMER AND PLANTER.
PREPARATION FOR COTTON.

FARMER AND PLANTER
PREPARATION FOR COTTON.
Suggestions offered by the Arkansas Ag-
riculturai Experiment Station.
II is often the custom, when cotton
follows cotton, TO bed on the middies
OF the rows of the previous year with
out breaking the old middles. This is
the case when cotton follows some 9TH
er crops, but less frequently. The crops
that cotton follows, other than Gotten,
are generally corn and oats, and TIVE
growth of grass and weeds that spring
up after the corn is laid by and the oats
harvested, necessitates, in the majority
Of cases, the broadcast breaking OF tue
soil. We have heard 1t argued by cot
ton planters that, inasmuch as the cot
ton plant is tap-rooted, 1t re-
duires Arm bed to insure Its
making a good growth, and that beds
should be made on unbroken soil
On the other hand, Others claim
that better results are obtained by
either breaking broadcast or bedding
Iii the fall and rebedding in the spring
or both breaking and bedding in the
spring without the previous fall break
ing. As to whether the soil should DC
broken in fall or spring, would largely
be determined by the soil and its con-
dition. Should there be rank growth
of vegetation ON the surface in the fall
it would be better to turn 1t under that
it might, by decomposition, be convert
ed into plant food, unless the soil was
particularly subject to washing. II
such should be the case It's remaining
on the surface would largely prevent
washing. It Is doubtful whether very
light soils receive most injury or bene-
fit from fall breaking. Stiff or harsh
soils are materially improved by thor
ough fall breaking that the freezes OF
winter may better act upon them and
improve their mechanical condition by
disintegration.
As work was not begun on the sta
tion until about February /, 1893, the
fall breaking was not tried, but In
February four plots Of cornstalk land
with good growth of Bermuda grass
were selected. Two were broken with
double turning plow and two were left
unbroken. One plot each OF the
broken and unbroke9 were bedded In
February and the others were not dis
turbed until May 8, when they were
bedded just as were the others in Feb
ruary. May Sd an iron tooth harrow
was drawn over all the beds and the
cotton planted. The plants appeared
above ground on the same day and nc
difference was noticed until August,
when the plots bedded on unbroken
soil were not growing SO well and
seemed to suffer more from dry
weather and the hot sun, and
begun to shed more than the
plots bedded on broken soil.
These plots seemed to be more vigorous
In growth and the leaves had decid-
edly better color than plots bedded on
unbroken soil and were affected about
half SO much by the rust or leaf spots.
The following table gives the weight
per acre of seed cotton gathered from
the four plats:
uNBRoKEN SOIL
Bedded IN February y..................s4 POUNDS
Bedded 3D. of May ....................7S4 .7S4 pounds
BROKEN SOIL.
Bedded In February y.................6o0 $50 pounds
Bedded Sd Of May ay...................9O 9Ol pounds
Notes.-The increhse in beds made in
May over beds made in February was
sixty-two pounds seed cotton per acre.
Beds made in May on unbroken soil
gave an increase of thirty pounds over
beds made in February on unbroken
soil, and beds made in May on broken
soil gave an increase of thirty-twC
pounds over beds made in February on
unbroken soil. But these differences
are too small to be Of practical value In
the experiment, especially as the ex'
pertinent is only one years trial.
The increase in yield Of beds made on
broken soil over that Of beds made on
unbroken was 292 pounds of seed cotton
per acre.
All four plots were covered with
about half q sod of Bermuda grass
which was vastly more difficult to sup
press ON the unbroken beds than on
those broken. This fact, perhaps, ac
counts for some of the difference in the
Yields from the broken and unbroker
plots.
The unbroken plots were more diff
fcult to cultivate with plow and hoe
than the broken plots.
The unbroken plots suffered more
from shedding than the broken. but
the unbroken beds in May shielded lit
tie, if any less than the unbroken beds
made in February. The cotton opened
on the unbroken beds before it opened
on the broken, and 10 per cent of the
cotton on the broken beds was picked
after all had been gathered from the
unbroken beds. sf
One hundred plants growing on the
unbroken plots had 1872 imperfect bolls
while the same number of plants grow
ing on the broken plots had only forty
three imperfect bolls. BY imperfect
bolls is meant bolls with one or more
locks not fully developed, or with abor
tive lint or seed.
POULTRY FOR PROFIT.
How to Start and Conduct Flock 70,
Profitable Results.
am farmer on q small scale and