davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28

dren's garden hoes, worked by hand through
int IN is slst work "sG' sion Tw cn yhs r %sa ar. sysH s%p' FS.d.
nas % cns' 's sY~ss :. ' ssrs SaSs' Ra' the Tie d TSss q IN e
e OF ,h sns in rA Saek sa.s sSS the lSs'n tracks Ses
ing into these pits are between the two
tracks, and each one opens into q wheel pit upon
as upon the Bowery. separate manholes are con-
nected with each set Of pits.
you viii see along the road other gangs OF men
at work by, the light Of faring naphtha torches.
some or these are the iron gang making
at switches. Under the light. cars OF the
esiisd. t assd fo last asss almost sn1s ' Iadsan EeTy' 4 Now " Il
is pounded out so rapidly that the Third avenue
their line. although the road has been running
only a year. Other men are making general re-
p psngu sa pH Tbese or w6 5ePlsGli asf S SnTT w sssst a an y ess
where a road runs its cables, as the Third ave
nue. does. nearly twenty-four hours a day. One
hundred and twenty men altogether are kept
busy in these branches of work under the road
master on the Third avenue road.
Every cable road. no matter how long II might
be, must be divided into sections each not longer
than can be operated with one endless rope. TIE
Third avenue line. which reach, the one from
Sixty-ffth street TO Sixth street, and the other
from siIty-hfth street to l2sth street, Each
must have It's boilers, Its engines, and Its cables,
with all their attending men and contrivances.
The power stations may of course be dupli-
Gated. as they are at Sixty-fifth street
and at l25th street and Tenth avenue, To work
two separate cables. the one running each way.
The two cables from the Sixty-hfth street power
house are each about $500 feet long.
The Broadway line has until recently been op-
Grated in two much shorter sections. the one
cable being run from the Houston. street power
house and the other from the house at FIJI
ty-hrst street and Seventh, avenue. About
three weeks ago these two cables, we've spliced
into one of "a. 500 feet in length, and this Is
being operated from the Houston street plant.
This was done To have the uptown power house
free for alterations needed 10 ht It for operating
the new Columbus avenue cable line belonging
To the same company. This line will require a
cable almost as long as the present Broadway
single loop.
HOW THE CABLE Is MADE.
Now we come 10 the cable. Nearly all roads
use one style In cables. They vary only as to
size. This standard cable is built up like any
other round rope Of seven, strands"six strands
twisted about a central one. The cables
used on the Broadway and Third ave-
nue. lines are each Ia inches In diam
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28

Tso Worthless 90 Have the Beasat or a.
Uawrittsa Law or the south.
From The Chicaoo Daily Tribune.

Prom the Chicago Daily Tribune.
- was once detained for two weeks in a small
town in middle Georgia" said a well-known
Chicago drummer. and while there witnessed
an extraordinary trial. Old Seth Hawks, a char
acter OF the village, was ore OF the most ornery
cusses that lived. Nobody ever saw him work.
and 1t was more than suspected that all his har-
vesting was done in other peoples fields while
they slept, still, he was too foxy to get caught.
Most OF his time was spent In saloons, and he
had a knack for getting drinks without paying
for them. He was a tall, lanky fellow. without
a particle of spirit, as his neighbors supposed,
for he was indifferent To kicks, and nothing
seemed to trouble him except a shortage OF
whiskey.
Old seth had a daughter. and a very h and
some girl she was; but she was densely ignorant
and fully as lazy and COED for nothing as her
father. Bill stukes, a young man OF the same
stripe as Hawks, ran away with the girl and
neglected To marry her. Seth insisted that he
repair this omission, and upon the positive re,
tqSal Of Bill TO do 50, borrowed a shotgun and
This tragedy took place before | reached the
town but as l have said, attended the trlal,
seth had no money To pay an attorney, and was
So drafted worthless that no member OF the bar
felt like defending him for nothing. " hen the
case Was called the Judge assigned him counsel
in the person of a bright young lawyer who did
not deem II necessary To make much Of a de-
that the nearest of male kin shall kill the yiO-
lator OF family honor. The Public Prosecutor
made the tamest sort OF a fight, because from
time i~mmemorial iuries had acquitted offenders
of this class. Every one looked for the prompt
and honorable discharge OF the prisoner, who
throughout the trial. which lasted but a few
hours, chAtted merrily with his counsel. The
Judges charge was brief, but the most extrsor-
binary one | ever heard. lie said:
The prisoner at the bar only followed a we'll
established precedent. but | fail to md an in
sumed 10 take the law in his own hands. While
by no means denying the right OF a father To
yindicate the honor of his family. even 10 the
taking OF human life, l think II would be estab-
fishing 4 dangerous precedent "a extend the duty
and privilege To men like the prisoner. The
dead wretch richly merited his fate, and had
Hawks used . gun that shot AFT as well as fore
his memory might have been kept green by his
IL - clearly your duty 10 bring the prisoner in
guilty Of murder in the first degrees
The Jury did As IL Was hidden, and q week
an Ornery fellow like him didn't need much time
for preparation"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28

eter. On the Tenth avenue line the
rope Is 5-l6 / inches in diameter, A sAmple
section OF this l1srineh rope lies In one of The
cable road offices. Examine II. In It's centre the
strand Is made OF manila. Around this and
pressed CLOSELY into IL are six strands, each made
OF nineteen steel wires. To vary the slze of-the
rope the size of these initial wires Is changed
The sample section is about eighteen inches long.
Put IL over your knee aud try to bend IL. II
seems as stin as a crowbar. Vet this
rOPe of steel has got TO go Winding
and twisting around curves. The manila centre
strand helps II 10 do this by furnishing an elastic
centre into which the steel slEands can bed
themselves, but the internal h1ctlol and the
constant bending often destroy z cable faster
than does the outer friction, and Il Is pot, an IN
frequent occurrence for the splieers To have =
the strands are opened 70 make \ splice.
This cable Is one of the most e1penslFe parts
Of the wearing equipment OF a road; IL weighs
3 $40 pounds a foot, and costa about twelve
cents a pound. A new cable for the Broadway
road would. therefore, cost about $4,000. and
about $4,000 would be the ctsf Of each Of the
two longest sections OF the Third avenue line.
They wear very uneyenly; On the Brooklyn
Bridge. where SIX cables have been worn out,
the greatest mileage has been got Of them. MT.
Martin attributes this greatly to the superiority
Of the bridge grip. The bridge cable runs "a
higher speed than either Of the street
road cables. making lOL miles an hour.
and At the busy part OF the day carries siK 100
ton trains and their passengers over the heavy
grades Of the bridge. One Of rs cables lasted
]. LAO daya and one only $50 dayA The average
life Of the bridge cables has besn about 500
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28
BROADWAY GRIP.

similar inclined plate fastened under the slot
rail and is raised. As IL goes up IL opens the
toggle joints above and raises the grip jaws.
The Third avenue device works uDon the same
steel. which Is raised up about four inches high
under the car as the car passes over ID, and trips
q tOggle joint In the rod which connects the
grip with the ~gripman's lever.
This toggle Is under that trapdoOr in the plat
form Of the car, and IL Is 10 see that he has
safely passed the trip, that the gripman raises
that door. There Is also another toggle joint IN
ths grip rod. This is worked by the sliding armed
lever which we have seen the gripman use at
the cAble-shifting points. The lever which he
uses for starting and stopping the one In his
right hand moves the grip jaws a fraction
OF an inch. The one In his left hand works.
brake. When the cable Is To be released Is
when We see the gripman lift the third lever,
and he let's IL remain lifted until he reaches a
taking point again, when lie presses II down to
Gloss the jaws OF the grip until the cable Is just
held in the groove. On the broadway line II Is
the bigger, lower wheel that the gripman works
20 move the grip jaws, and the upper one for the
more times TO open the grip wide. but Il takes
more time than with the lever system. This is
also true In stopping and starting. The wheel
system Is easier for the men. but slower; The
Third avenue grip has two levers, either OF
which works the jaws, and these are connected
tOgRle Joints are. The Broadway grip has but
one lever, and the connection with the ends OF
the car Il made by an endless band made OF
rods Joined by chains These Chains run around
sDrocket wheels under the platforms. and the
spFocket wheels are geAred 70 smaller wheels on
the end OF the griD-whee rods.
How FHE GRIP AXIS tbs CABLE
Nov. with our grip wide open, We are ready 10
E0n out : car and take the cable. The gyPsy
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28

DAYS. with a mileage Of about 100000. Each
cable carries about 20, 900. 900 passengers across
the bridge before II IL worn out, and the average
The lie Of = cable upon the Broadway road
and upon the upper part Of the Third avenues
have sun s8J'oo miles. On The lower section Of
the Third avenue route from Sixth street to the
Post Ofice, over and around the many grades
and curves there, 5000 miles IL an average life.
IL viii also be interesting TO notethe loads these
cables have 10 null besides their own weight. At
there will be upon each OF its long cables forty
ak cars and ~trailers, making a load OF nearly
700 tons, and IN the Broadway line, los cars
rs tons. ffho power required TO move the ca.
bic with these loads is about equal 20 $50 horse
grip is released entirely when the cars are not
In motion, and where the grip has roller Jaws,
the cable reanires NO sr r. , . s, ,mor, rasd !, v1 III
pretty soon heat the grip red hot and cut itself
and everything It touched TO pieces.
PREPARING THE CABLE FOR USE.
Every one has perhaps read Of the threading
how they came to the power houses either en-
tire or In sections In big spools weighing 40 or
sOd tons AS and are are a hSang gu Hp4n t i5rrnn,SSns sib snd du tss
into an endless band, you would think the cable
passed slowly around It's course at first, and
as It goes out of the power house. barrels
sFs as Ss ) uO of h e. f TSa t %s't sias, wG 1Hao t., sHs
cable between every wire and strand and finally
fills 1t all until, smoothed, by the rollers and
sheaves II passes through, the whole length Of IL
becomes a round and shining coil, not unlike
an immense stick OF tnffy candy. Now IL 10
constantly upon its surface to l~ubricate 1t where
II slides through grips and around curves. From
time to time the tar coating has to be renewed.
One particular corps of men has nothing to do
but to watch the cables and keep them In
order, In each power house IL a boss spllcer and
his assistants. At the Sixty-ffth street house,
where two cables are In constant operation. the
splicer has six men. At each of the other stations
there are the chief and four men. Never for an
instant does n cable move. day or night. but
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28

POST orrICE LOOP, THIRD AVENUE LINE.
besides. At night particularly you will see
lights fisring about these manholes and down in
them, and men working around and in them.
Sometimes these mon are the oilers, going from
hole to hole, oilinR the bearings OF the twu pull
leys that are In each. On the long lines Of the
Third avenue road IL keeps thirty-five men busy
constantly doing nothing but oil these and the
other line pulleys, and they use up about a bar
rel OF oil q day.
MAINTAINING THE CABLE.
Other men will I've cleaners. Email ~ the grip
slot appears. IL Is remarkable what an amount
OF dirt will accumulate In the conduit through
It. A considerable amount OF the dirt that falls
through this slot gets upon the. cable and helps
o oG p his V3,rrtt Is ofteyywrsrd removed When the
cable gets into the power house, M will be told
later. The removal OF the rest, which falls TO
No continuance. can be attached to the
cable TO do this work because of the
wheels which II would have to pass over. The
only way that has yet. been, devised, Ia "
scrape this dirt along with little hoes, like chill
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28

open II the smaller section. where the heel
oalks Of the shoe would come and this Is
tube are supported by csst-iron yokee,
and these Jokes also carry upon their outer
edges the rails upon which the cars run. and
quarter inch wide grip slot AT intervals Of
IS feet square pits of masonry are !constructed
over the entrances TO these. pits that you will see
square iron plates placed along the line of every
cable road. Each Of these pits has a connection
with the sewer ~ carry on the rain water
that finds its way through the grip
slots. They have other and important uses
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28

there Is q man who does nothing but watch II.
He must keep an eye upon IL even when he
eats his lunch. and he never leaves his seat
during his watch without getting some one
to take his place. Except when some
actual splicing is to be done this is the sole duty
OF the splicer's assistants. A. the least sign OF
gines stopped and the duplicate cable put into
service. Once a day the chief splicer himself
must go slowly over each service cable and ex-
anime It foot by foot. Every night this Is done
on the broadway road during the long hours
when the cable does not run. Late travellers
about the City Hall will remember that every
night about midnight or later half O. dozen
the Third avenue cars around the loon
from in front of the Times building and
back. There the cars get a cable again. Many
suspect that some accident has happened.
Nothing has happened. except that only one OF
the cables that goes through this part Of the line
turns about the outer loop, and that one is be-
ing, overhauled and inspected. 1t Is that cable
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-28
in on the cable.

out and gets rid Of a lot Of the dirt which comes
in on the cable.
THE TIeHrENER TAKES UP SLACK
Now let. us follow the cable a. II leaves the
drivers aud see where II. goes and what devices
arc necessary TO guide IL in its journey TO the
end OF its section and back. As Il leaves the
drivers in the Sixty-hfth street house II starts
IN The. direction of the street, but before ~ gets
there II must pass over one of the most impOr-
tant bits OF all the mechanism. This IL a tight
ener. IL consists OF two great pulleys. One Of
these is simply an idler. but the other 10
mounted upon q carriage which Is drawn
back. by great weights. The purpose of
this device Is so take up any slack length In the
cable and to keep 1t at all times tight enough
not to kink and leave It's guiding pulieys. Solid
and firm as a cable seems. when II Is FIRST put
under strain II begins to stretch, and in about q
week one Of the 20; 300 foot lengths OF the Third
avenue road will lengthen out about fifty feet.
This Ia about tho length OF a splice, and II the
first splice Is not wearing well, this piece is cut
out, hut II the splice IL good, this Il not done
where the traveller still has room to work.
At Slxty-hfth street the traveller will take up
800 feet.
Another purpose Of the traveller il to give and
take under the inequalities Of the loads and the
changes in the length Of the cable due TO differ
ences of temperature. Only one coil Of cable
goes over the traveller, and from there IL goes
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-01-26
THE HAnrER CASE.

There has been a great deal of COM
ment on the Hamer case recently decid-
ed by Judge. Miner at Ogden, and con-
siderable criticism of the decision
There will no doubt be much more
when the case comes up before the
Supreme Court of the territory. to
which it will be carried on appeal.
The ogden Press, which, being a Re-
publican paper, has sided with the
Judges views and those of the par
ties pursuing the collector, says: I'VE
are Of the opinion that the law as it
reads permits Mr. Hamer to make
the exorbitant charges which he has
made in connection with tax sale GER
tificates. but that the spirit of the law
does not justify him in doing So"
From what we can learn of the mat
ter through reading the evidence and
weighing the decision, we can under
stand that the amount said to have
been received by the Collector has
been greatly exaggerated. The actual
sum which will accrue to him as fees
out of the amount involved is only
about a third of the total, which in
cludes delinquent taxes, etc. But we
do not wish just now to go into the
figures. because that is not the real
question involved, whether they be
great or small, although it is the charge
Of claiming exorbitant fees that has
been tried through the papers.
The question for the court to decide
was, the meaning of the law in rela-
ton to the respective rights of the
collector and of the county court in the
premises If the law allows the col
lector certain fees. and requires the
county court to credit the collector
with the amount of the tax
due on real estate sold for
taxes and costs thereon, the court
was not called upon to decide whether
the amount of fees is too high or too
low for services rendered, or upon the
propriety of crediting the collector
with certain delinquent taxes, but to
rule on the law as it is worded.
If the law is too liberal to the col
lector, it's amendment is work for the
legislature not for the judge. If the
law, as stated by the Press, permits
the charges made in connection with
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-01-26
NOTICE ro suRsoR1RERs.

The HERALD Publishing company will
deliver FREE to every paid up subscriber
to the daily or semi weekly HERALD,
postpaid, or to every such applicant at
the counting rooms, their choice of one
of the famous Mathew Northrup vest
pocket series ''Up to Date" maps of the
United States, or combined Idaho, Wyo-
ming, Oregon, Washington and Mon
tana.
These maps have become celebrated tor
their wonderful accuracy and combined
fund of general information, The state
maps show all counties in seven colors;
all railroads are not made in straight
lines 40 usually shown in advertisements.
but curved as they really are; all cities,
towns and villages, all mountains, lakes
and rivers, and hundreds of small towns,
not shown in postal guides or in ordinary
maps.
The historical and descriptive matter is
both highly interesting and pleasing,
dwelling on the educational, farming,
mining and manufacturing merits of each
respective state, in fact, covering COM
pletely in detail all desirable information
pertaining to the states named. These
maps, generally conceded to be the most
valuable ''up to date' publications pos
sible to obtain. will be presented FREE to
every fully paid up subscriber, new or
Did, but not to delinquerts. In ordering
state plainly what you want.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-01-26

it before it could become effective.
And in any event it is so incomplete
and Inadequate a measure that it is
not likely to get any farther than a
Congressional committee, if it should
pass the scrutiny of the Governor.
In reference to the revision of the
Commission the following Washington
correspondence appears in a. Boston
paper and will be of interest to people
in Utah:
Washington, D. c., Jan. 10. 1894
Secretary Hoke Smith was today shown
a dispatch from Chicago to the effect
that Col. G. L. Godfrey, member of
the Utah Commission. had sent in his
resignation as an answer to an intima-
ton from the secretary that the presi-
dent desired to appoint only Utah men
on the commission
The secretary said that he had not
as yet received Col. Godfrey's resigna-
ton, but he had information that the
colonel intended to resign.
1t is understood that both the presi-
dent and the secretary of the interior
are in favor of homerule for Utah. Two
members of the present commission, it
is learned, have sent in their resigna-
tons.
1t is stated by persons familiar with
the views of the president and the
secretary that they are both heartily
in favor of the admission of Utah into
the Union, and that it is their opinion
that all danger of improper control of
the elections in that territory has now
passed.
1t is understood that the question of
appointment of an entire new commits
sion, save Mr.. Lett, the Utah member,
is now being considered.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-01-26

tax sales, that is enough for the judi
eial direction, and whatever may be
thought of the intention of the law
makers, as to large or small compen-
sation growing out of that permits
sion, the. fact that it is granted should
be proof enough that the legislature
intended to give it.
We understand that Mr. Hamer, who
has been in office but one taxing year,
has followed the lines pursued by his
predecessors and the practice in this
county also. And further, that he has
kept strictly within the plain provi-
sions of the law as it stands on the
statute book He has not interpreted
it any differently from its Specification
to other collectors, and so this hue
and cry against him, and the decision
of the court are little peculiar.
1t suggests what the Ogden Sun
very strongly intimates. that there is
something political behind it ALL We
are inclined to believe that is true. If
so, we do not think the parties to it
will make any such capital out of it
as they desire. Comparisons may be
made which will not be pleasant to
those who have commenced this at
tack. The matter may be thoroughly
ventilated to the no great credit of the
prime movers in the party effort.
The Herald is not in favor of ex-
orbitant fees to anybody. Every public
officer should receive fair compensa-
ton for services rendered. The fee
system needs . thorough revision and
salaries should be fixed instead of be-
ing dependent upon fees, anyhow
But whatever of wrong there may be
in the law on this subject, should be
corrected by the legislative depart
ment of the government, and not by
the judiciary. And we hope to see this
case fully argued before the Supreme
Court, and the question decided with
out prejudice and free from a party
spirit.