davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening world., 1894-06-06

oN''6 ~ HNNp sSu hSic'
ChcclSS Are Dangerous.
In a conversation with Mr.. McClaye,
the witness said his father-in-law told
him that checks were s~elf-convicting,
and after the Cooper case he never Of
Tered Mr.. ,McClave a check. He always
gave him bills.
tor YOU on alleged forged checks. Is
at is false. The entire amount Of the
checks he TOOK up was not more than
200 or $500. Every cent of that has been
paid back to McClave."
You knew about the fire at Mr.. Nc
ClaYe's lumber yari?"
Yes; l was there. ! saw the books
next morning. Albert McClave had the
old books. and was copying them into
II asked him what he was doing, and
II thought Mr.. McClaye was a fair,
honest man." said Granger, but when
he came here and showed himself a
scoundrel a liar. / thought / had n
right 10 go on the stand and testify
II want TO say that ! did not 20 on
the stand of my own free will. When
I was called first ! had no more Idea |
was going TO 20 on the stand than I
have OF going to Kamschatka to-day"
Says McCIave Canvassed for Grant.
In answer to other questions. Granger
said that when Grant was renominated
and his brother to vote for Grant.
u was going to vote for the other
Democrats who Were running, but I
found a set OF straight Tammany tick
cts at my breakfast plate In the MORN
Ing. and ! voted them told Mr.. Nc
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
NEW USE FOR THE TELEPHONE.


For nearly two years the Astoria
chamber OF commerce has been using
its utmost endeaSors TO have the cable
stored in the Tongue Point supply depot
for the past two years laid between thai
point and Tillamook rock. If this cable
cannot be laid, attention is called to
another method Of communication, as
shown in the following article;
Prof. Lucian Blake, Of the Univer-
sity of Kansas. who has made special
studies Of electric communication, Sc
cured the cooperation of the lighthouse
board to permit him to make telephone
tests from one Of the relief lightships
last summer. Relief lightshlp No. 49,
Of the second lighthouse district was
moored one mile southeast Of Nobska
Point light. in Vineyard Sound, and the
instruments put on board for the final
trial
"The success of this venture has be-
come so well assured that the light
house board proposes during the com
ing summer to connect Pollock Rip
lightship with Chatham. and finally the
Nantucket New South Shoal lightship
with Nantucket island. This will be a
great advantage to shipping interests
generally, and particularly to trans
Atlantic steamers, for this station, To-
Gated SO miles south of Nantucket as it
rs, and being one of the most hazardous
points on the Atlantic coast, is espe-
cially prone to shipwreck Even ignor-
ing casualties of this description, 1t will
be of inestimable value, as 1t is directly
in the path Of all European steamers,
which, when bound west. shape their
course directly for this point and thence
to New York or to Boston by those from
West Indian or South American ports.
About 700 vessels are annually sighted
from this lightship, besides many pass
during the night which are not seen;
then of all the Atlantic steamers
bound east pass about 35 miles to the
gouthward, so as not to interfere with
incoming steamers, besides many of the
latter also pass too far to the south
ward of the ship to be seen, but in the
event of cable connections, all of the
vessels would pass in close range in
order to exchange signals and be re-
ported. This would increase the number
to 1,50O at least, so 1t can be readily
seen that the proposed connection in
the interest Of commerce is a step in
the right direction"
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

The discussion OF the woman suffrage
question in the east still continues the
topic of the hour. Men and women who
never gave the subject one minutes
thought are beginning to think about 1t.
The air is ripe with all sorts Of opinions.
A large number of the educated and
thoughtful people seem to be in favor of
the suffrage, while a large percentage
OF the same class are arrayed against
II. Not a few are on the fence ready to
lump either way. One of the best things
said In favor of granting the suffrage to
women was said by Dr. Chauncey De-
pew. He said, in very few words, that
woman's position was changed. She is
now an important factor in our work.
a-day world, and therefore we need be
less sentimental and more common
sense and practical.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
REMEMBER,
Authority says:

Authority says:
If you intend papering your house
shls spring, remember that blue, unless
1t gets lots of sun, makes a room cold.
Striped paper increases the apparent
height. Use 1t in your low rooms. A
plain wall with good deep frleze, hav-
Ing lots of bold drawing, and full Of
color, makes strong room and gives
chance for hanging etchings, plaster
casts, sketches, etc. In papering rooms
quite a number of people get delightful
results and others utterly fail. You
think II a matter of price. 1t Is not, 1t
Is brains. The brains of the sklllful
who has varied experi-
ence, and in looking at your rooms can
tell directly what should be used and
what will make your rooms attractive,
II You will only trust him. 1t is aston
lshlng how much such a man can ac-
with the combination of taste
and small expenditure of money.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
TOSSING on THE .nRGNYn

Is very far from amusing, untraveled
reader, If so be you are one. A rebel
lion fomented by each mountainous
wave that smites the vessels hull
threatens absolutely to dislodge your
very vitals from thei:' natural resting
place, and nausea 50 frightful that 1t
would reconcile you to termination Of
your sufferings by shipwreck harnesses
YOU. Well for you then, or rather before
this crisis, If you are provided with
Hostetters Stomach Bitters, a swift
remedy for and preventative Of the nau-
sea of travellers by sea or land, ner-
vousness caused by the vibration Of the
screw of a steamer or the jarring of a
railway train, and an antidote to bowel
liver and stomachic troubles caused by
impure water and unaccustomed food
The Bitters also counteracts the effects
of fatigue and exposure, and is safe
guard against malaria, rheumatism and
kidney trouble.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
PoPULIsM AND SOCIALISM.

The growth Of the socialistic tendency
within the United States during the
past few years has been little short of
phenomenal. We see the new creed now
on all sides, In all walks of life and in
almost lnnumerable forms. II has per-
meated nearly every phase of American
politics, and has gained so strong a
foothold I'm our economic system that II
viii take years to dlslodge 1t, even II
this can ever be entirely accomplished.
Accustomed as the people of this coun-
try are to innovations In politics. the
development OF the various phases of
this doctrine has passed almost un-
noticed, except by the students of So
clal conditions The danger to Ameri-
can Institutions which socialism threat.
ems has frequently been spoken Of In
words OF warning by the papers OF the
old world; but, believing that we were
superior 90 the impending revolutionary
condition, the tendency ON the part of
the true American has been to let mat.
ters take their own course, firm In the
belief that this spirit would die out
after n few sharp lessons had been ad.
mlnlstered.
The socialistic spirit does not die out
There Is at the present time no theory
In legislation that Is so active, persistent
and aggressive as that which demands
that the state should undertake the
regulation OF matters which heretofore
have been left to Individual or to cor
porate enterprise, This is called
paternalism by many, but II is
nothing short OF socialism, The creed Is
not destructive one. consequently its
disciples cannot all be called anarchists,
The accredited mouthpieces Of the sec.
proclaim what they call the science Of
social reconstruction, whose processes
arc theoretically gradual and whose
methods are no, necessarily revolution
airy, These men are thoughtful, aud the
most dangerous type of socialism is the
most though.ful Once they gain the
ascsndency. even in community. the
result is easy to foresce, The enormous
headway which soclalistlc influences
have made in Europe, where. in some
countries this sect has practically taken
possession Of the govcmment furnishes
an object lesson to which too much heed
canno, be paid. Already we have the
same condition, in a limited degree. in
thIs country. where several states have
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

The people have every confidence both
in the astuteness and integrity of the
subsidy committee, and there is little
danger that the committee will be de-
cei4ed by the dog-in-the-manger policy
Of any negotiator having no present
ability, and possibly without any future
intention of building the road.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

1he Astorian guarantees to It's SUD
ecribers the largest circulation OF any
newspaper published on the Columbia
river.
Advertising rates can be obtained on
application to the business manager
rhis paper is in possession Of all the
telegraph franchises, and is the oniy
paper on the Columbia river that puD-
fishes genuine dispatches. =
rhe Daily Astorian's circulation Is
i've times as great as that OF the COM
Lined circulation Of the other daily pa
Ders Of Astoria. =.
.rhe Weekly Astorlan, the third Old
esI weekly in the state of oregon, has,
oext TO the Portland Oregonian, the
largest weekly circulation In the state.
Subscribers to the ,Astorian are re-
uuested to notify this office, without
toss of time, Immediately they fail 10
receive their daily paper, or when tneS
,io not get 1t at the usual hour. BY DO
ing this they will enable the. manage
inent to place the blame on the proper
IartIes and to insure a speedy remedy;
Iandley g. Haas are our Portland
agents and copies of the Astorian can
te had every morning at their slahu
on First street.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
AnaI1N1sTRAToR,s NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given that the coun-
~ court of Clatsop county. Oregon, has
anpolnted the undersigned administra-
tor of the estate o fAntoine Magne, de-
ceased. All persons having claims
against said estate are requested TO pre-
sent same to the undersigned at his
nlacs OF business In the city OF Astoria,
Or. duly verified as by law required.
within six months from this date. All
persons indebted TO said estate are
nitified to pay same Immediately.
ALEXANDER GILBERT.
Astoria. April 10th. 1894.
Administrator OF the estate OF An
toinee Magne. deceased.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
COUNTY TICKET.

For State Senator-JOHN FOX.
For Representatives-C. j. CURTIS and
C. Il, LESTER.
For County Judge--J. II. d. GRAY.
For County Clerk-F. !. DUNBAR.
For sheriff-JAAlES w. HARE.
For Treasurer-BENJAMIN l.. WARD.
For Recorder-C. $. GUNDERSoN.
For County Commlssloner-CHRI
PETERSON.
For County Assessor-ALFRED Glib
BONS.
Tor Superintendent of Public Schools
G. G. BROWER.
For County Surveyor-RICHARD
HARRY.
For Coroner-ADOLPH JOHNSON.
For Justice Of Peace. ABERCMOM-
Bic.
For Constable--JoHN W. WEIGH.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

If you are thinking about buying a
plaster remember that you will place
1t upon your body and cannot get a
plaster that will be too good for you.
Alcock's Porous Plaster is the Best
plaster made. Your druggist max have
other plasters on his shelly es which lie
is anxious 70 get rid Of. or else some
worthless initiation purchased at low
price for the purpose of substitution. Do
not accept his Just as good" plea, in
slst upon having the genuine Allcocks
Porous Plaster has no equal.
I3randreth's Pills can always be re-
lied upon.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

governments that are sociallstic in their
inclinations, if not in actual name; but
the name matters not. Populism is So
cialism in more or less rudimentary
stage Paternalism is step further ad-
vanced, and coxeyism or commonweal-
ism is hardly distinguishable from the
system now shaking the very founda-
tions of the social fabric in half the
countries of Europe.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
STANDS WITHOUT A RIVAL.

Gentlemen: have been troubled
with very severe headaches for years,
and have taken great many different
remedies, but have never found any
thing to give me as speedy and perma-
nent cure as Krauses Headache Cap
snles. In my opinion they stand with
out rival: they have cured me in
every case. JNO. n. WlLKIE.
81 Adams ave, West. Detroit, Mich.
For sale by Chas. Rogers. sole agent,
Astoria, Oregon.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
STATE TREAsURERs NINTH NO
TICE,
State of oregon,
Trea siirv Department,

State of Oregon,
Treasury Department,
Salem, May Q. 1894
Notice is hereby given that there are
funds on hand with which to redeem
all outstanding state warrants with the
exception OF those drawn upon the mill
tary fund.-. lndorsed. Presented ana
not paid for want OF funds" prior 70,
and including, the above date and thS'
all such warrants, properly indorsea,
will be paid upon presentation az this
office, interest thereon ceasing from, ana
after the date of this notice.
PHIL. METSCHAN.
State Treasurer,
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
REPUBLICAN STATE TICKET.

For Goyernor-w. p. LORD, Of Marion
county.
For Secretary of state-H. r. KIN
CAID, of Lane county.
For State Treasurer-PHlL. NET
SCHAN, Of Grant county
For Supreme Judge-C. E. WoLVER-
TON, of Linn county
For Attorney General-C. M. IDLE
MAN, of Multnomah
For Superintendent Of Public lnstrHc-
tion-G. NJ. IRWIN, of Union.
For state Prlnter--W. H. LEEDS, Of
Ashland
For Congressman, First Distrlct-BlN-
,-r GER HERMANN, Of Douglass
county.
For Congressman, Second District-W'
r. ELLIS, Of Morrow county.
For District Attorney, First District
W. N. BARRETT, Of Washington
county.
For Member Of State Board-G. WIN
GATE, Of Clatsop county
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

The belief is current that Cleveland
and Gresham have not abandoned their
hope of Queen Liliuokalani's restora-
tion; and that they are in secret COM
munlcation with plotters on the islands,
with the view of extending them aid Of
some kind at the right time.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
A GOOD WORD.
Inn. ]. ]. ken, sharpsburg. ra.

Mr.. ]. ]. Keil. Sharpsburs, Ia.
Dear Sir | am glad TO say n good
word for Krause's Headache Capsules.
After suffering for over three years
with acute neuralgia and its consequent
insomnia (Which seemed to baffle the
efforts of some of our best physiclans)
YOU suggested this remedy which gave
me almost Instant relief. Words fail
to express the praise ! should like to
bcstow on Krause's Headache Capsules.
Gratefully Yours,
MRS. F.. h. HOLMES,
MoHIrose, Pa.
For sale by Chas. Rogers, Astoria, Or,
sole agent.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
DECORATION DAY.

Astoria, Or. April 80, 1894.
To the People of Astoria, and the
Public Schools Especially-Greeting;
Cushing Post. No. Ia, Department OF
Oregon, G. A. r.. propose celebrating
the coming anniversary, Memorial Day,
In the usual appropriate manner The
decoration services will be had at the
public cemetery, on the hill, In Astoria
The order of exercises and fun program
will be published further ON.
Il. ID. WINTON,
Attest: Post Commander.
w. c. CASSELL. AdJutant.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

Mrs. Lease has now been exalted to
the apotheosis 50 much craved by no.
torlety-seekers Of her kind-she has
been threatened with assassination. 1t
is not unlikely that the fellow who
wrote the pretended letter is in her
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
FOR OVER FIFTY YEARS

Mrs. wlnslow's Soothing Syrup has
been used for children teething. 1t
soothes the child. softens the gums.
allays all pain, cures wind chollc, and
Il the best remedy for diarrhoea. Twen-
ty-fiye cents bottle. Sold by all drug
-iete throurhout the world
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

The south is now complaining that the
compromise sugar schedules of the Will
son bill have been arranged with sole
reference to the refiner (Which means
the sugar trusD, and against the inter-
ests OF Louisiana sugar producers.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

Secretary Herbert says the govern
ment proposes to establish naval
training school on the Pacific Coast. 1t
is probable the old Pensacola, now at
the Mare Island navy yard, will be used
as the school ship
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
FAT PEOPLE.

weight PERMANENTLY from IL to 10
pounds month. NO STARVING, sick
ness or injury. NO PUBLICITY. 1ney
build up the health and beautify the
complexion, leaving no wrinkles or
fabbiness. STOUT ABDOMENS and
difficult breathing surely relieved. No
EXPERIMENT, but scientific and
positive relief, adopted only after years
Of experience. All orders supplied di-
rect from our office. Price $500 per
package, or th~9o packages for $500
by mail, postt 4 Testimonials and
particulars, (seaied) cents.
All correspondence strictly confiden-
tial.
PARK REMEDY CO. Boston. Mass.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
LOST

On the street. Friday. lady's gold
bowknot Finder win please return 10
DR.. O. Il. Estes.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
ro cANNERs ANp sEINERs

Just received from the willapa Har..
hor mandatory, a fresh supply OF
HemIock Tannin Extract for tanning
sill nets. selnS, etc.
w. r. ADAIR. Agent,
ae4 Third Street
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
MILES NERVE AND LIVER PILLS.

Act on q new principle-regulating
lie liver, stomach and bowels through
the nerves. A new discovery. DIR.
Miles Pills speedily cures billiousness,
bad taste, torpid liver. piles, constipa-
lion. Unequaled for men, women and
children. Smallest, mildest, suresti 80
doces 2s CTS. Samples free. at Chas.
Rogers.
A Good WORn
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
llatlu Aatnrta1t.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
DAILY.

Sent by mail per year, $500 in advance
Postage free to subscribers.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
SeashOre Railroad

Leave Seaside at 7:3O a. m. daily, ex-
cept Sundays.
Leave Young's Bay at 8 a. m. Monday,
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
Leave Young's Bay at $3.50 p. m. Tues
day and saturday.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
SEASIDE SAWMIhh.

A complete stock of lumber on hand
in the rough or dressed. Flooring, rus
tic, ceiling, and all kinds Of finish;
mouldings and shingles; also bracket
work done to order. Terms reasonable
and prices at bedrock. All orders
promptly attended to. Office and yard
at mill. II. l.. LOGAN, Prop'r
Seaside. Oregon.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15

S. H. H. CLARK,
OLIVER MINK,
f. ELLERY ANDERSON,
JOHN w. DOANE,
FREDERIC r. COUDERT.
Receivers.
For rates and general information call
on or address
G. w. LOUNSBERRY,
Agent, Astoria, Or.
W. H. HURLBURT,
Asst. Gen. Pas. Agt.. Portland. Or
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1894-05-15
Astoria to San Francisco.
OCEAN STEAMERS
astoria and Portland Steamers.

Steamer R. R. Thompson leaves As
toria at GAS a. m., daily except Sunday,
via Washington side Of the river; re-
turning, leaves Portland at p. m,
daily, except Saturday. The Thomp-
son makes landings on both sides of
the river above Waterford, on both up
and down trips.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1894-02-21

dyspepsia. ri veneno por el as en-
| gendrado podria estsr ccnlto y sin
sentirse duEante largo I'll npo, p"Io
tambi6n hacerse entoncee, de re-.
pente, activO por etecto de- canssn
clio mental, de exceso Ell comxr, d.
qomeE NAL, de exposition al aire
ibre 6 Cualquiera de otras tantas
inf encias. Entonces decay
los rinones (a los que signieron el
est6mago 6 higsdo), el ceite vene-
nosO latente en- Ia sangre pudo de-
aarrol!ar la inhamaci6n en- las arti-
CulaCiones, y los fluidos asi retenl.
dos produjeron la hidropesia. Con
semejante estado de Cosas pueden
producirse toda clase de desarre-
CLOS, siendo cada uno de ellos mss
bien que una enfermedad Ell sinto-
ma y resnltado de Ia sola causa de
casi todas las enfermedades; la in
digestion y 10 dyspepsia. Ell cora
z0n y los pulmones se afeetan mu.
chas veces POE simpatia. y esto9 es
10 que Ocurri6 en- el case del SE
Hernandez, excltada como &c ha.
llaba su imagination pol, el miedO
& Ia tisis. W.
Ourad la torpeza de la digest 8 ,
expled Ell veneno acumulado. : ha-
llareis eL seguida un mejoramiepto
general. Ell conseguir este estA en-
pOder del Jarabe Curative de Ia
Madre Seigeb como no 10 ha esta-
da jamas quiaas en- poder de rene.
dio alguno hasta hoy conocido.
81 Ell lect0r SO dirige a los Srea
A. J. White, Limitado de, 155, Ca
lie de Oaspe, Barcelona, tendran
smuCho gusto en- enviarles gratuita-
Imenie IN fOlleto ilustrado que ex-
|plique las propiedades de este re-
medic. g
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1894-02-21
DOCTOR NJ RETRR0N,

TRNRDURIA OE LIBROs, pOr
LEY DE nxPRoP1Ao1oN
FORZOSA.
OODIeO DE CoMEROIO, "Gi-
ROM.
NURVO OoDIGO DE JUSTI-
ola MILITAR, &Nctado pOr ell
Doetor z. edn ohex 6e 0caiia, re-
dactor a.. liz Ravista d. los TTi-
EUuasesS :"
CODIGo DH COMEROIO, edi-
cl6n de- 6oEsiiio.
CODI0O PENAL DE OUBA Y
PUNRTO-R RICO.
OODIGO PENAL DN CUBA Y
PUERTO~ ~RIOO, por 10 BiblioteCa
judicial.
FORMULARIos DE 10 o.
VII, "Abella"
MANUAL DEL sEORETA-
BIO, "Abella".
DEREOHO ADMlNI6TRATL-
VO, "AbellaS
RNGLAMENTO EA Las Ca
RRERAS OIVILNS DE ULTRA
MAR.
LEY DE GAIA. CARA OubA y
Puerto Rico.
TLOREs z AAGRIMAS, por
D. DOmirgo E. Hel n&nde1.
FORMULARIC, Criminal, pOE
Abella
ZD. MagiAucal, por BouchSrtat,
HISTORIA NATURAL p01
Fareda. .
ARrrMNTIOA, Algebra = Geo
usetrla, por Cardin.
aILOSO FLA poE 81 PadTe Oe-
texinO. !. a.,
| eRAMAT1CA FRANODSA, POI
Qllendor6 y BeDot.
| aRAMATIUA TNGLEEA, pa
iba2Ta
GNAAGATIOA MUSICAL, Poi
komero. Il. !
OODIGO OIT1L. .-~. Nuev& edi
ci6n Official refoEmSC.a4
i ARITMErIOA. Oorea1ar.
DIOOIONAEiO De La LNla-
GUA OAsTHLI::ANA, poe 10 Aca
Gsemias
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1894-02-21

: DOCTRINAi CRlSHIANA =,
OR4GILs ESTEvE1

Nuev.; !. edici0n perfect tamente
imprsss J adeEnadee Z ! On car =:
ton, = ..NUEvE PESOS gruesa
NJ contadO, ~ 3 10. o, o.
. Tomando 10 gruesAS % hAce
nm buen descuento. ,1-2I ID alsgc
No yenta en- esta ImprentA.