davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
oAnEEIt OF THE czAR.
The Lire OF Alexander IrI-Tho Govern
ment OF Russia.

Tho Life OF Alexander IrI-The Govern
ment OF Russia.
Alexander III, tAlcxandrovitch,) en-
peror OF all the Russias, was the second
son Of. Alexander II aud the Princess
Maria OF Hesse. Darmstadt. He was
born March 10, 1s45. He was given an
university education aud then trained
in military affairs. AT the death OF his
elder brother, Nicholas, at Nice in 1866,
Alexander became ezarewitch, and No
yember 0, 1886, no married his broth
er's tiancee, Maria Sophia Frederika
Dagmar, daughter Of King Christian Of
Denmark, and sister Of tho Princess of
Wales. In accordance with Russian
custom she took the name Of Maria
Feodoroyna. Sho was born November
20, lS47. Their children arc: Grand
Duke Nicholas, heirapparent, born
Nav is. 1868; Grand Duke George, born
April i, 1915; Grand Duchess Nenia,
born December 4, 1878: Grand Duchess
Olga, born July lS, 1882:
During the Russo. Turkish war Alex.
andor III as czarewitch was in subordi.
nate command and operated against tho
The Turkish positions at Rustceuk, Ras'
grad and shumla. Alexander II was
Nssassinated March lS. 1881, aud the
following day the czarewltch was pro-
claimed emperor OF all tho Russias as
Alexander III. He now was thirty-six
years old and was considered q worthy
scion Of the housco Romanoit'lioIstein-
GottNrp.
Immediately after his accession TO tho
throne tho Nihilists published o procla.
nation justiiyIng their action In "exe::
cutting tho tyrant." alexander 1D and
warning tho now ruler that he must DO
iust. Il was threatened that II tho as
sassins OF his father wero put to death
further acts Of vengeance wonld follow.
Alexander III, however. was not dis
turbod by thrents, but decided upon a
reactIonary policy. Tho nssossins were
tried, convicted and executed.
Alexander III thcn began an investi.
CATION OF tho corruption said TO DO ram.
pant III tho empire. Largo tracts Of
land were found to have boon wrested
from tho public domain by function
aries and their creatures. Even Alex
andor IL was found to have been de.
linquent, for 1t was discovered ho had
put out at interest In foreign countries
largo sums ol money for the bcneht oil
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02

his rnorsantic vile, the Princess Dol
goruka. The result OF these revelations
was the dismissal OF many high officials.
On May q, 1883. Alexander III was
crowned in the Cathedral OF the AS
sumption in the Kremlia At Moscow.
Tho reigning family Of Russia de.
acends in the female line from Michael
Romanof, elected car in 1918, after
the extinction OF the house Of Ruric.
and IN the malo limo from the Duke
Karl Friedrich OF Holstein.G Gottorp,
born in 17ol, and tho scion Of 4 younger
branch Of the princely house OF Olden-
burg.
Gar Peter was the first ruler who
adopted, in 1921, the title OF emperor.
The czars and emperors since the elec.
tion of Michael Romanof we're: House
OF Romanof, male line-Michael, 1913;
Alexei, 1916; Feodor, 1876; Ivan. and
Peter !, 1889; Peter ], 1889; Catherine
/. ,1725; Peter II, 1927. House Of Ro-
manof, female line-Aune, 1880; Ivan
vi, 1740, assassinated; Elizabeth, l74l.
House OF Romanof, Holstein-Peter
III, .1762, asSassiuated; Catherine II,
1852; Paul. 1895, assassinated; Alexan'
der !, 1901; Nicholas l, 1926; Alexan.
der II, 1866. assassinated; Alexander
III, 1881.
The government OF Russia is an abso-
lutte hereditary monarchy, the whole
legislative, executive and judicial power
being vested in the emperor. There
are. however, certain rules OF govern.
ment which the sovereigns OF the pres.
ent reigning house acknowledge as bind:
ing. The chief OF these 10 the law OF
succession 10 the throne, which, accord
ing to the decree OF the emperor Paul,
OF the year 1897, Is TO be that Of regular
descent, by the rule Of primogeniture.
with preference OF male over female
heirs. This decree annulled that Of
Peter l., OF February s, 1923, which or
dered each sovereign TO select his suo-
cessor from among the members
Of Ithe imperial family, irrespec-
tive OF the primogeniture. An
other fundamental law proclaimed by
Peter Is that every sovereign, his con.
sort and children, must be members Of
the orthodox Greek church. The
princes and princesseS Of the imperial
house, according to decree OF Alex
ander I. must obtain the consent OF the
emperor TO any marriage they may con-
tract; otherwise the issue OF such union
cannot inheJit the throne. This ex-
plains the conversion OF the Princess
Alix to the Greek faith andher marriage
to the czarowitz before the death Of
Alexander III. BY an ancient law, the
heir.apparent is held to be Of age at the
ond OF the sixteenth year, aud other
members OF the reigning family with
the completion Of the twentieth year.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
THE NEWS IN WASHINGTON.
Tho Russian Legation Hears OF the Cars
Death with Sorrow.

Tho Russian Legation Hears OF tho Cars
Death with Sorrow.
WASHINGTON, D. O., Now 1.-The an.
nouucement of the czar's death brought
profound grief ito the Russian legation
at Washington.
Aside from the veneration which
Russians have for their emperor, 1t was
personal sorrow to Prince Canta'
cuzene, who had, before coming to this
country, been brought into close per.
sonal relations with the car and had
enjoyed an association with the imperial
family. It was on leaving Russia for
the United States, that Prince Canta-
cuzene saw the emperor for the last
time, bidding him and the czarewitch
goodbye aud bearing from them words
Of kindness and admiration for the
United States. At that time, the czar
was In robust health and his giant
physique gave indications that it was
proof against disease.
The minister received his 6rst infor-
nation OF the cars death from tho
press dispatches about noon, but in the
absence OF official adyices be was 10th
to accept the report. Later, however,
when the more detailed accounts wero
received and shown to him he accepted
the news as fact aud awaited official
word. This came late in the afternoon
in the following cable from the miniater
OF foreign affairs:
"Sr. PETERSBURG, Nov. !.
at has pleased our Lord to recall to
him our much beloved sovereign, Em.
peror Alexander the Third. Died at
Lavadia this afternoon, the Goth Octo.
bre, (lst November,) at S:l5. :,
tSigned,) GlERs.
The minister communicated the in-
formation to the state department, but
owing to the absence at tho time from
the city OF the President, who was
squirrel shooting, it is probable that
the message OF sympathy and condol-
ence from President Cleveland will not
be sent until tomorrow.
It is not yet determined whether re-
ligious ceremonies will he hold in
Washington In commemoration OF the
czar, as there is no Greek church here.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02

PARIS. Now 1.-Premler Dupuy, as
minister OF the interior, has addressed
the following note to the prects OF all
the departments Of France: His MSjesty
Alexander III died 1t 3:l5 this alter
noon. The government OF the republic
Immediately sent to Livadia and to St.
Petersburg an expression Of Its pro-
found emotion and the unanimous re-
grets which this painful news will pro-
yoke throughout France. You are re-
quested to half.nast and drape with
crepe the flags on the national aud de-
partmental bureaux."
President oasimir.Perier and the
members Of the French cabinet, shortly
after the czar's death became known,
visited the Russian embassy as mark
OF respect TO the dead emperor.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
WAGES REDUCED

In Senator Camden's Lumber Mills Thirty
Three Per Gent During the Past Year.
Special Di.pGteh 10 Rs Iatsstoaaea.
CAMDEN ON GAuLEY. ". VA, Nov. L.
Wages have been reduced during the
past year at Camdep's lumber mills in
this section SO per cent. This reduc-
tion applies to all common labor in this
section. Prices are reduced three dol
lars per thousand feet in all grades OF
lumber and demand light.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02

ST. PETERSBURG, Nov. 1.-The angel Of
death, in the shadow Of whose pinions
the autocrat of all the Russians has
been lying for many days, to-day beck
oaed, and the soul Of the man who had
In bis hands the, lives aud destinies of
millions upon millions Of men, was
borne away.
Calmly and peacefully as sleeping
babe, he who by his slightest word
could have plunged Europe into war,
the horrors OF which would dofy de-
scrlption, fell into the dreamless sleep,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
En- Routn 10 YI.it the Dead.

VIENNA, Nov. 1.-The prince and
princess OF Wales arrived here at 5
o'clock this afternoon aud proceeded to
the British embassy where they were
informed OF the death OF the car.
The prince and princess will continue
their journey to Livadia by q special
train at 10 O'Clock tonight.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
THE czAREWlTcH,
Successor 10 the Throne.


lacking. He who denies tho popularity
Of tho czar among the lowly classes Of
Russia is blinded by prejudice. His
kind acts to them in their seasons OF
plague and famine will never be forgot
ton and tonight thousands upon thou
sands Of homes from Vladimostock, in
tho Pacific. to the iortresscs OF the eau.
casus millions Of people rs thoy kneel
before their Icons will pray from tho
bottom OF their hearts for tho repose OF
the soul Of their "little father" who
was to thOm as great in soul rs he was
in stature
And thero will be oincore mourning,
too, in the royal and imperial families
Of Europe. Not the conventional
mourning prescribed by ruIc, but tho
mourning Of littlo children. For who
has not heard OF the annual visits Of tho
Sczar to Copenhagen, tho home OF his be.
loved czarina, when, with children Of
emperors, kings aud princes around
him, ho was the biggest child OF them
all, joining in all their sports and romp'
Ing with them like big boy?
4 DELovED WIPE
Ills death will bo most bittcr loss to
tho wilO he loved so we'll, that it was
provOrb in St. Petersburg that he was
the only Russian ruler WHO was true to
his wi!c" HE home life was an ideal
one, md oil hIs pleasuro was found with
his own family.
but rs tho Czar aud not tho man, ho
could he as storn and unrGledtlOss Rq
iaiN itself. IIe has banishel mon and
women 10 Siberia, but they were mon
and women who sought to kill him or
70 overturn the government OF which
no was tho absolute hand, and which
VIC, by the most solemn oaths In tho
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
GERMAN MEETING
In the Eighth Ward Last Night
one ofthe Finest.
WESTWOOD'S HALL CROWDED FULL
or Earnest, Interested and
Thoughtful Voters.
THERE Was A ROUSING MEETING
OF the First Ward Republicans
Last Night
Ut 7HF N0RTH FND RINK
WESTWOOD'S HALL CROWDED FULL
THERE Was A ROUSING MEETING
At The NORTH END RINK.

Ono OF the Biggest Ward Meetings of
the OampaiGn-dessrs. Hart, Hoot-
on, Brady aud Whitaker Enthuso
tho Audience to tho Highest Pitch.
Some of Mr.. Howard's Misstato-
ments Rcfutcd-CoL Hooten Pays
His Respects to tho Rcgister-A
Great Night for tho IiopubIican
Cause.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02

which he feared not. He. though the
head Of the church whose members
number over 7000o,o0o persons, took
his last rites few days before death
claimed him from all his greatness.
At 2:l5 o'clock this atternaon the
summons came, and few hours later
the thunderous booming OF cannon at
LIvadia and St. Petersburg announced
that the czar was dead. and that he who
had been the Grand Duke Nicholas
reigned in his stead. =.
On lightning's wings the news oil
Rus.ia's loss spread throughout the
world, and 1t is safe 10 say that every
where the intelligence created sym
pathy for the family Of him who, by
his policy. had maintained the peace OF
Europe.
From America came words Of sympa-
thy, for the dead ruler had always been
airiend Of the great republic oil the
west, and Americans have not forgotten
how well his fathers friendship sus-
tdned the north In the war OF the rebel
linn
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
DBA7H on THE CZAR
Emperor OF All the Russians
sreashes His Last at LIvadia,
AND PASSES away PEACEFULLY.
MlIllons of the Lowly People Of BIS
Empire in Mourning.
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT WRONG.

1,u. He Was tho Most Humane Ruler
Possible Under tho circumstances
The Manner OF His Death aud tho
Preparations For the Funeral.
Sketch of His Carecr-How the
News was Received BY tho Great
Powers Of Europs-ANos obisu-
ary.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
DAILY Defeats Jnck slavin.

BUFFALO. N. Y. Nov. Jim DAILY, Of
Buffalo. and Jack slaviu, Of Australia.
fought seven rounds before about 1000
people in the rooms of tho Buffalo
Athletic Club in this city tonight.
DAILY won In the seventh round.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02

Among the peasants of Russia he will
be lnoufned with deep and abiding
sorrow, for was he not the Peasant
Carp None Of the Qrandiloauent
title, borne by him was thought as
much Of as the one bestowed upon him
by his lowly subjects, who's,
virtues wore magnitied In him. and
whose vices in him were entirely
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02

of the entente for diplomatic purposes,
no had no intention OF letting himself
be dragged into wal"
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02
stnnmshIn ArrIynIs.

prcinen-stcamcr Aller. Now York.
loudon-Stcnmer Massachusetts,. New York.
GcnOa-Stedmcr Worrn. New YORK.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1894-11-02

For West Virginia, Increasing ClOudincSS;
rnin Friday evening: warmer; east winds.
For Western pcnnSylYanin, increasing clomdi'
ness aud ruln by Friday nghti slightly warmer;
ca,t winds. tnrfrhSng tn force.
For Ohio. Increasing cloudlncH aud rain:
warmer; increasing east Winds
TIE TEMPEuAruHE YESTERDAY.
uS furnished by e. ScIINgrp. drusslN. cornS;
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1894-05-17

Under the republic there were seven
performances annually lasting in all
about sixty-siX days. These were pald
for by the state. and usually cost cou-
ple Of thousand pounds Of our money.
Sometimes, however. games were given
by some public-spirited individual who
desired 10 gain popularity, or by sor-
rowing mourners at the funeral OF friends
or relations. Under the empire the time
occupied by these spectacles was IN
creased 20 Is days annually. and even
more while the cost Of a brilliant snow
rose to 5000 or 5000. The games. when
usually began at sunrise and lasted uli
sunset consisted of three distinct Kinds,
(. e.. horse and chariot races comoatS
between gladiators. and combats between
men and wild beast: but into these many
variations were introduced
The gladiators were. for the most part
criminals or prisoners Of war; but GER
tain number Of volunteers took part-pa-
tricians. and even emperors. occasionally
appearing in the lists. After time
schools for gladiators were established in
Rome. and the champions were exalted
into public idols Their bonnes fortunes
were proyerbial, their praises were sung
by the poets and their portraits APP
pcared upon lamps and vases The con-
demned criminals did not invariably meet
their death in the arena. II they sur
vived three years of fighting with men
and beasts they were released from their
gladiatorial duties, while five years spent
in the profession gave them their
freedom.
The performances were advertised by
means Of afiches pasted on walls or
buildings. on one Of these placards, dis
covered al Pompeii 1t IS announced that
shelter viii be provided for the specta-
tors I'm case of rain; In another that the
arena viii be we'll watrred. in order that
the dust may be laid. The night before
the spectacle began a great banquet was
given to the gladIat0rs. presumably the
volunteers or hired champions. At day
break these heroes marched in process
sion TO the amphitheatre. and, after the
signal had been given by blast Of trum-
pets. the fun began. The Emperor and
public officers attended in state, great
ceremony was observed. and the citizens
We're expected TO appear in their best at
tire. In rainy weather a mantle might
be worn over the tOga on condition that
II was removed when the grandees ar
rived. In the intervals slaves staggered
round. laden with huge baskets Of pro-
visions. which were distributed gratui-
tousy. while fruit. nuts. and small pres
ents were scattered among the crowd by
wealthy patricians.-The COrnhill Maya
zine
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1894-05-17
Perfumes and RItnal.

The use of incense in the early Chris
tan church would appear at hrst 10
have met with strong oposluon, and III
the contradictory statements Of the early
fathers we see the traces Of warm
controversy. That enthusiastic archae-
oloeist. Didron, in his "Annales Arcnae-
ologidues." has collected wealth or
information bearing on the use of per-
fumes in the different Christian rituals.
Writing as pious mediaevalst, he con-
trasts the pagan abuse Of perfumes, min
istering 10 their widest orgies. with
their more spiritual and refined employ
ment in the service of the Church.
Certainly at no time has the cult or
perfumes been carried TO a higher point
than that reached by the wealthy Romans
Of the Empire; witness the important part
that they play in the anecdotes OF feast
ing and fast" life, which we find scat
tered through the pages Of Apuleius, Pc
tronius. Athenaeus. and Lucian
In his Banquet" Athenaeus quotes an
authority. who recomends that the
legs should be washed with an Egyptian
nerfume taken from a box of gold, the
mouth and the breast. with liquor mao
from dates. the arms with mint, the eye
brows and hair with marjoram, the knees
and the neck with thyme In these
debauches de Podorat, the very vessels
from which they drank, brought at
great expense from Egypt, were manu-
featured from perfumed clay, and fired
in a kiln heated with aromatics. THESE
were the scented cups from which the
courtosans drank a syrup composed OF
pepper myrrh, and Egyptian perfume.
1t was a natural revolt against such
practices that led Tertullan. and in later
days, St. Augustin, - inveigh against
the use Of incense. Moreover, TO take
few grains of incense between the finger
and the thumb, and scatter them on an
altar was often all that was required by
the authorities to repe the charge OF
belonging 70 the new ard despised sect.
And yet. for all this. the use Of per-
fumes crept into the church, and we
find the early fathers adopting an apollo
eetic and uncertain tone on the subject;
we might almost accuse them of "hedg
ing" Thus Tertulian says:
IL Is true, we burn no incense. If the
Arabians complain Of this, the Sabaean
win testify that more OF his merchan-
disc and more costly is lavished on the
burial Of Christians than in burning in
cense 10 the gods.-The Nineteenth Cen
fury.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1894-05-17

All business in both meetings was s,is-
pended until 2 p. NJ. TO hear from the con-
ference the report TO be made In Joint
convention. In the interval the conferees
met in tho Chamber of Commerce. The
miners submitted their demand. which
was restoration OF the old rate.
The operators offered c. cent rate
for Pennsylvania and SO cent for Ohio.
President John Mcbride made strong
speech. showing that the miners would
never agree to a settlement on this
basis. At 3 O'Clock the Joint committee
was still in session, while the delegates
were assembled in Cases Hall waiting
their report.
The joint committee remained I'm session
until o'clock this evening, when en- adj
5ournment till evenlns was taken Ii
was announced no agreement has been
reached. The miners counter proposition
was the scale OF last years. cents for
Pennsylvania. and all other sections TO be
adjusted on that basis. This would make
the Ohio rate 20 cents. The conferces
from the operators were not authorized
to accept this proposition, and the miners
refused TO hear the operators rate.
The operators had meeting tonight
10 hear the report of their conferees and
consider the situation. While some Of the
operators tNtlIfNS the nope tlIdA 81 S'tAA'-
ment OF the differences with the miners
can be Effected the true state OF affairs
IS that the two sides Of the question
are just as far apart tonight as they
were two days ago. Patrick McBryde
said tonight that, incredible as 1t might
seem. there were many Of the operators
who did not really desire a settlement
at present.
why" said he. lit is a positive fact
that the Pennsylvania river operators
have between 20000.O00 and 100000 BUSH
els of coal in transit between Pittsburg
and Cincinnati or in barges tied up
against the river bank. DO you think
they will break their necks trying to get
the mines opened before the coal is mar
keted with prices climbing skyward every
day? 1t is not human nature that they
should"
prominent operator stated candidly
that as far as he was concerned that he
was in no hurry for Il settlement.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1894-05-17
"Reminiscences Of the Vatican Council.

Among the prelates who took n prohl-
nent part of the debates. ! shall single
out a few who impressed me as recog-
nized leaders in the assembly; thoush l
may say. in passing, that there were pres
ent many silent Solons, ike the Venera-
bic Archbishop McCloskey, Of New YORK;
and the present Bishop Of Buffalo whose
voice was not heard in the council hah'
but whose influence was felt in the COM
mttees.
Cardinal Manning was unquestionably
the most attractive figure among the
episcopate of England. His emaciated
form and ceaseless activity suggested
a playful remark made to him In my
hearing by Archbishop Spalding: II know
how not your Grace can work 50 much
for YOU neither eat nor drink nor sleep
He delivered the longest Grafton In the
council. and yet IL hardly exceeded an
hour. which Is evidence OF the usual
breyitv Of the speeches. The question
is commonly put in America: How long
did he speak," In Europe they ask .
'What did he say?' Cardinal Manning 5
discourse was most logical and persua-
sive argument. and, like all his utter
ances. was entirely free from rhetorical
ornament and from any effort TO arouse
the feelings or emotions. II was SCRIP
turdl ana nStOllcdl iItdtI0c "pPN"'i-' -
solely TO the intellect and honest conVlc-
lions OF his hearers.
ireland had a distinguished representa-
tive in the person Of Archbishop Leahy,
Of Cashel. who was, perhaps. the most
graceful orator among the English-speak-
ing .prelates His reply to Cardinal
Prince Schwarzenberg, in the infallibility
debate. was a masterpiece Of sound reas-
oning and Of charming defamation tine
tured with a delicate flavor of Irish wit
Archbishop Spalding. of Baltimore,
and Archbishop Kenrick, Of st Louis,
were among the most noteworthy prelates
From the United States Archbishop
Spalding was a member Of the two most
important committees, in which he was
busily employed. He delivered but one
discourse during the council, Archbishop
Kenrick spoke Latin with admirable
ease and elegance. l observed him day
after day reclining In his seat with hall
closed eyes, listening attentively to the
debates without taking any notes. Ana
vet so tenacious was his memory that'
when his turn came to ascend the ros-
trum. he reviewed the speeches Of his col
leagues with remarkable fidelity and pre-
clsion without the aid Of manuscript or
memoranda.-Card Gibbons, in Inc
North American Review.