davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1894-07-08
IINEA FERREA del OESTE.
ITINE RIO

Del ervo de a desde fecha hasta
epando Feoa de rcunvacn Yo los de acen-
ties fortuto que Ell aguna de las empesas.
sALDAs DE LA CAPITAL YBAYAMoN, REspECTIyAMENTE
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1894-07-08
Ell Anuario del Concrete

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Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
ODD THINGS ABOUT CENTS.



Among Other Things They Arc Quite Ex-
tenslvely CounterfcIted.
From time to time one sees refer
ence in the daily papers, referring to
the difficulty experienced by the fer
ry companies, car lines, ETC.. In dis
posing OF enormous Accommodations OF
ordinary copper cents. The reader Is
very apt to remember this. particu-
larry IL In exchange for dollar bill
he is returned ninety-fve one cent
pieces by conductor.
As matter of fact, there Is no OK.
cuse for the item, much less for a car
conductor or change taker In unload
Ing his weight Of coppers upon the
always more or less abused passen-
ger. The United States Sub-Treas-
ury, at Wall and Nassau sire cts,
makes, and has made it practice for
years. OF exchanging minor coin for
United States money OF large denom-
nation, and IL has many regular GUS
toners who are so served.
There are number OF curious
things about cents as they come to
the Sub Treasury, In the first place,
they are quite extensively conterfeit-
ed. This may seem strange, as tho
profit in a counterfeit cent is neces.
sarily small. 1t Is true, however,
nevertheless, and is supposed TO be
the work OF Italians. who, more
largely than any .Other nationality.
seem to favor the imitation OF cur
minor and subsidiary coin.
The Brooklyn and New jersey fer
ry companies, the elevated railroads
Of both New York and Brooklyn, and
the various slot machine companies,
are regular customers for the ex-
change Of cents for other money at
the Sub-Treasury. At times they
turn in enormous quantities the slot
companies alone ranging between
1925 and 800 day.
AS might be expected, all sorts of
oddities in the way OF coin come in
with the quantity taken in the ma
chimes. In addition to the counter
feits are scores of mot one cents" Of
war times, metal discs and foreign
copper, Austrian money predominant
ing. AS the copper cent Is simply
token, no matter what its condition
ia, 1t is redeemed at par il it can in
any way lie identified as United
States money.
The popularity of the slot ma
chimes year or so ago brought about
a curious condition of affairs in the
country. This was nothing short OF
scent famine" The headquarters
of the company is in New York, and
all agents send their cents here for
redemption, which drained the coun-
try of its supply and overstockeG the
minor coin vaults of the Sub-Treas-
ury here with cents. New York
Herald.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
CODtoutetI.

A well-known writer says the
typical Canadian is characterized by
n Ost unusual contentedness with
his lot.
An old man who was living with
his wife in the poorest shanty on the
prairie, constructed Of one-inch
boards, upholstered within, and
whose homestead was mortgaged,
heard that by the death OF relative
i'm England he had inherited large
fortune.
The information came to him in
the form of a newspaper cutting, sent
by some friend. Two or three months
later an acquaintance offered con-
CALCULATIONS.
Il suppose it's all right" said the
Canadian, "but ] don't know"
"Have you no legal ADVISER"
NO." was his reply. "If they
bring the money to us, we shall be
glad of it; but they must bring it. l
shan't bother"
The Marquis Of Lorne has anus
ingly related how he tried in vain to
discover grumblers in the great
Northwest. One settler who was
asked whether he had anything to
complain Of remained for some mo-
ments meditatively silent. Pres
emily his face frightened, and he ex-
claimed:
"Yes; IT is cold in winter and hot
in summer, and the dust makes me
wash myself twice week."
To similar question Scottish
woman answered:
swell, no: that isl have not the
English-but i wad say that the
milk is too rich for the children"
Too many baths and too rich milk!
These are ills which may surely be
borne with fOrtitude.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
Signal Whistles.

The inhabitants of Gomera, one of
the Canary Islands, have evolved a
whistling code by which they con-
verse with each other at distance.
Each syllable has its own appropriate
tone. The whistler uses both fingers
and lips, and it is asserted that COM
munication can be kept up at a
miles distance. Whistling is con-
fined to Gomera Island and is quite
unknown to the rest of the group.
The adoption OF this mode of carry
ing on conversation Is due to tho
geological formation of the island.
as it Is iptersected by numerous gull
lies and ravines. AS there are no
bridges across these. intercourse be-
tween neighbors is often rendered
difficult. A man living within q
stones throw of another may have to
90 many miles round to make call
upon his neighbor, and the incon-
venience OF this led the people to
cultivate this panner Of communi-
eating with each other.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01

moments he would sometimes devise
milder punishments. such as standing
in the corner, sending a boy to sit
among the girls, or a girl to sit among
the boys, proceeding that was cer-
tain to cause the sheepish sufferer
much anguish CT mind and resulted lin
hiding the face behind the appraised
elbow, a gesture that has not yet
passed out of use in our schools.
There were no "frills on the old
pedagogue's learning. He taught the
three Rs-reading. writing and arith-
and more frequently
known as "ciphering." In the early
days of this century, artificial appli-
ances for educational purposes were
few in number, and if every two of the
younger pupils, the abecedarians, as
they were called, had spelling book,
the supply was deemed quite adequate.
Spelling was done by primitive
methods distinction was made be-
tween the capitals and the small letters,
the former being designated as big"
In spelling Aaron, for example, the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01

cracked or knot fell out, he nailed a
bit of board from the end Of flour
barrel, or a barrel-stave, or clap
board, or q single over the aperture
to keep out the wind during his term
of office. When the log that had for a
generation done duty as a step gave
out he showed large stone into posi-
ton, and thus, little by little, the
house got old and shabby.
Its grounds were always spacious, for
the pupils generally had all outdoors
to play in, there being, as rule, no
inclosing fence, fact always greatly
to the advantage of strolling swine,
that, when the house had floor, as it
sometimes had, formed a comfortable
nest underneath for the sake Of
the shelter and warmth, and often,
by their noisy disputes as to which
should have the inside place in
the pile, disturbed what little pretense
of order existed among the pupils.
The school house was located Is near
as possible to the center of the district,
but always close to a spring, as fresh
water was necessity, for no topper that
ever beat barkeeper out OF the price
of drink ever sported thirst half 80
vigorous as that which existed among
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
THE NEWSPAPER WON AN.
She Has to Work Faithfully, and Ia Judged
by Her Merits.

She Has to Work Faithfully, and Ia Judged
by Her Merits.
d 1t has been loosely estimated that
there are several thousand news
paper women in this country In re-
ality there are less than two hun
dred and fifty, says Lippincott's
Magazine. There is DISTINCTION
between newspaper writing and
writing for the newspapers; ami the
young lady who "does a little space
work" in the intervals of her social
or business engagements was not
considered in the compilation OF these
statistics.
The two hundred and fifty writer's
who have been considered are news
paper women in the best sense OF the
word. They hold staff positions on
journals of good standing, or they
have had experience which fits them
for such positions; they have learned
to recognize news when they hear 1t,
and they know how to present it to
the public in the most attractive
form; they can judge of its com-
parative value and the amount Of
space it should be given in news
paper; they can edit their own copy,
If necessary; they know something
about the composing-room, and can
distinguish between form and 4
piece Of type; they have learned
why'it is not a sheer waste of ma
terial to write on but one side Of
their paper they know that news
paper office is not drawiDg-room,
and that they cannot expect draw
ing-room manners in it; they have
learned that the highest compliment
an editor can pay his woman asso-
ciate is to treat her as IL she were a
man, promptly reprimanding her for
a blunder and giving her word of
praise for good work-if he happens
to think Of 1t.
Last and most important point OF
all, these women earn their living
with their pens This is the crucial
test. Luck, pluck and influence may
keep one afloat for few months,
but the editors of to-day are not
knowingly buying bad copy. II one
particular editor be disposed to over
look the charming Miss Blanks
errors OF fact and grammar, the
copy readers, the associate editors,
and the great power behind the
throne will soon throw search light
upon them which can have but one
result. Miss Blanks work must
stand on its merits. In no other pro-
fession does she have so many and
such merciless critics.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
The Old Teacher.


To the majority of young people Of
the present geneRation the old-time
school and schoolmaster are absolutely
unknown, says the St. Louis Globe Dem
ocrat. The present system OF cduca-
ton is, IL Is true, an evolution, but the
process has been so rapid that the
well-lighted, we'll warmed and every
way comfortable and convenients choOl-
room Ct the present has little res on
blance to the loghouse, with its one
room and utter absence OF Ct Mort,
from which the school Of today may
be said to have sprung.
During the first third OF this Gentry
school houses,were tolerably abundant,
but as the majority OF tho people lived
in no great degree OF comfort, they did
not deem it necessary to provi 10 their
children with any sucerfuities, nor TO
establish the school in any better edi-
flee than that owned by tho majority
of those who lived in the district and
patronized its educational establish
ment. Generally, therefore, the dis
trict school house was of logs, or, at
best, of boards. and built by the COM
mon labor of the community. But
then, as now, what was every bOdy's
business was nobody's business, and as
the whole district was interested in
keeping the school house in repair,
nobody did the work, and in course Of
time, and generally no long time at
that, it fell into condition not lar re-
moved from ruinous. Tho master"
being employed only by the term, and
feeling no particular interest in the
building, generally forbore to COM
plain, lest his patrons should conceive
that he was stuck up" SO made only
such repairs as were absolutely neces-
sarge When log rolled away, leav-
ing a large hole in the wall, no and
some older boys filed it with mud; If
the house were frame. and q board
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01

timber: q good stout birch, or In de-
fault of 1t, plum switch, would coil
around tho legs OF the offender and ex-
tract the most ear-splitting wells and
howls, without leaving much impress
sion on the cuticule. This instrument
OF torture was applied on any provccar
ton at all, on the theory that anything
the youngster did deserved q thrash
t R ana shas nh ne nad NOT oons
something and thus deserved, on gen.
eral principles, to be trounced anyhew.
Thrashing, therefore, was his main
hold for securing not only the respect
and obedience but also the affectionate
regard OF his pupils, but in facetious
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
;AM uorsTON


lated and the President-General. San
ia Ana, a prisoner in the hands Of
the victorious Texans The battle
was the birth Of a new nation and
the following July the first election
under the new constitution was held.
Gen. Houston was elected President
and he appointed Austin Secretary of
State. The latter died in December,
1895. Houston was reelected rresi-
dent in 1871. After Texas was adj
mitted to the American Union in
1915, Houston was one OF the Sena-
tors she sent to Washington. He re-
NAMED in the Senate until 1852,
when he was elected Governor of
Texas. He was stout Opposer OF Sc
cession in 1861, and this lost him the
confidence of the people for whom he
did so much. He died in 1863.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01

Arithmotic was taught from ope
boot. the teachers. Each pupil who
had advanced so for provided himself
with q half quire Of common letter
paper. This was folded In half and
sewed at home by one OF sisters. The
teacher announced the rule under
which the examples. or sums" as they
were called, were to be performed, and
each pupil wrote the words as directed
by the mas,er. After tho rule had
been clearly written at the top of q
page tho "suIns" under that rule we're
also given out ana In turn placed In the
manufactured book. At tho conclusion
of the term each pupil thus had his
own arithmetic, that Is, as far as he
had gone, for classification was almost
unknown, and in school Of twenty
pupils forty Glasses were by no means
uncommon Writing was done from q
copy set by the master, the writing or
copy books bsing OF the same nature al
the arithmetic f')lios. The home flock
of geese was plundered for pens, and
when the feathe,ss were brought to the
featured into pens by the ready knife
OF the master, BEFORE whom always lay
pile of pens that would not write"
and consequently needed immediate
attention. Progi ess in "ciphcring"
seldom went furthe than the rule O..
three, and the opiuion among scholars
as to the merits OF arithmetic In general
was very aptly expressed by a bit OF
doggerel:
Multiplication ~ a vexation.
Division Is as bad;
The Rule OF Tin ee II puzzles me,
And practice makes me mad
The school day began when the
master got to the htslise in the morn
ing and ended at about "tYo hours by
sum- in order that the bows might
have time to get hone, feed the stock,
water the horses, and milk before
night. Turning out the master" was
practiced even in better communities,
as a recognized method of obtaining a
holiday, and on such occasions the old
est boys went early to school, entered
and barred the door against the peda-
gogue until he made to ms.
The Old-time methols were rough
and ready, and the people Of the pres
emit smile at their simplicity, but
they made sturdy meil and women,
who knew little of books, but
had an immense stock of health and
self-reliance. They had small supply
OF manners, 700, Tor In many OF tneSo
schools the teacher maue a speciality
of department, and every boy as he
left the school for home was expected
to turn round in the door, make bow
to the teacher, say "Ssryent, sir"
make another to the pupils, with
"Sarvent, ladies and gentlemen" after
which he took his departure. Besides,
the boarding round" done by the
master brought him in contact with
most of the families of the district,
and gave them the benefit OF his SUI
perior wisdom and culture. The old
school is supposed to have passed away,
and the old teacher to have become ex-
tinct, but the supposition is far from
correct, for in many country districts
of the West and South the conditions
of educational life are by no means so
far removed from what has been de-
scribed but the people would rec
ognize the picture, and there are many
still young who could claim the old
time school as identical, in most par
ticulars, with that in which their
young ideas were first taught ID shoot.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
Uses for Baby's Shoes.

Several pretty trifles may be made
with q baby's shoe for the fOunda-
tion of each. Line the shoe with a
pretty tint Of chamois skin over a
layer Of perfumed wadding. Leave
an edge OF the chamOs skin to stand
up about the top and along the lac
ing place. This edge should be neat
ly pinked. II the shoe is fresh and
a pretty color, say pale blue, add
rOsettc bow of baby ribbon, putting
it on the toe at the end OF the lace
holes. Ii the shoe is soiled, bronze
or gid it before adding the bow.
This will be found convenient as a
watch pocket, or as a receptacle for
finger rings and other articles of
jewelry.
Take its mate or shoe Of soft gray
morocco, line it with pink China
silk and let the silk come up at the
top long enough to form q bag. Run
shirrs, into which put silk cord for
drawing strings. This little bag will
serve variety o: uses, amongwhich
is Christmas bonboniere for loved
friend or some favorite little girl.
Take three Of these little shoes or
slippers, two Of which may he wad-
ded and lin d, as it will take nicely
and many colors lie made up suggested
above and, il need be, gid all three.
Fill the third with clipped flannel
and cover for cushion. Fasten the
three slippers together at the heels
and conceal the joining with stand
ing loops of No. satin ribbon. Add
bows OF the same ribCOn to the toes:
thus completed the triple affair will
be useful adjunct to the dressing
table, the cushion for lace pins. the
others for glove buttoncr, invisible
hairpins, etc. The slippers may be
lined with a different tint, as pink,
blue and gray, or ecru, pale green,
and old rose, having the ribbons at
heels and toes made Of one color.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01

assign him place of honor only lit
tie lower than that reserved for the
circuit preacher, who, once or twice a
month, came round TO eat their chick
en- and administer a dose of gospel.
These hoary guides up the hill of
science we're always highly honored
for their ability to preserve order in
their educational institutions, which
they did by an unsparing use of the
birch. Spare the rod and spoil the
child" was maxim forever on their
lips, and no child ever spoiled on their
hands for want of its Observance.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
Pumped His Caller.

The proprietor Of one Of the prin-
cipal New York dailies, being in Lon
don, wrote to request an interview
with the late w. Fl. Smith, the first
lord of the treasury. Smith had
minuted the letter, Express regret, :"
when he changed his mind, and said
to his secretary: "NO, let him come;
he can give me the information /
want about the municipal institu.
tions Of New York" (The Local
Government bill was under consider
alton in the House Of Commons at
the time.) An appointment was
made, the interview took place, and
for quarter OF an hour the great
journalist was kept busy answering
Mr.. Smiths questions. T.sl the
next appointment was announced, the
visitor was bowed out, and it flashed
on him that for once Britisher
had outwitted a Yankee. 81 guess,
he remarked to the private secretary,
as he picked up his hat, Il guess
that Mr.. Smith has interviewed me. :"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
yesuvius Ansoted by the Moon.

Prof. Palmieri writes: "Vesuvius,
the activity of which was rather In
creased last full moon and then de-
creased during the last few days, has
again commenced to show signs that
we may expect new eruptions and
flows of lava. From the principal
crater much smoke issues, and de-
donations are heard and redhot stones
are thrown out. The eruptive cone
In the Atrio del Cavallo emits smoke
from It's summit with certain force,
while from its base the lava flows
more rapidly. A smaller cone In the
same place Is not quite so active,
For many days the seismic instru-
ments have maintained constant
move ment which tends to increase. .
Scientific American.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01


AUSTIN good Judgment and
administrative capacity that the col
ony became the nucleus OF COM
monwealth devoted to civil and re-
ligious liberty. = When, after ten
years OF peace and progress, the COL
onist, tegan to suffer from The un-
natural connection between Coahiula
and Texas Austin went before the
Mexican authorit es To set forth
ter grievances. Returning to
Texas after having been detained "a
prisoner for several years in Mexico,
he advocated the entire separation OF
Texas from Mexico. In 1885 war
broke out, and for time he COM
manded the Texan troops. The first
campaign was favorable to the Tex
ans. but the beginning Of the second
years struggle was gloomy. In
March, 1886, occurred the massacre
OF the Alamo, where the heroes. Travis
Crockett and Bowie fell, and then fol-
lowed the massacre of Goliad, where
Col. Fannin scommand was butchered
by Santa Ana's soldiery. Meantime
declaration of Texan independence
had been drawn up, and while Austin
was sent as commissioner to this
country, General Sam Houston was
elected commander-in chief of the
Texan forces. April 81, 1886, Gen.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01

Advancement, rearing fire being
deemed one OF the necessities Of educsr
tional progress. And so 1t was; for
most Of the pupils were compelled to
walk considerable distance In order
take their daily dose OF birch and edu-
tion, and much direct warmth was
needed. No anthracite stove for them,
with its slow, even radiation; what
they wanted was a heat that was al
most enough to form cracking" on
one-half Of their bodies, and IL, at the
same time, the other half was freezing,
that fact was regarded as dispense
tion OF Providence against which there
was no remedy.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
An Impromptu Dance.

1t has no doubt often occurred to
you while walking on the street that
you have met pedestrian going in
the opposite direction. and, lin the at
tempt to pass you, bob from one side
to the other, both being imbued with
the same idea. The result is dodg-
ing two or three times from one side
to the other before either gets by.
The other day a'reporterJmet with
that experience, and d gay young col
ored girl was the pedestrian coming
In the opposite direction. After two
or three maneuvers the colored wom-
IN exclaimed:
"Tor de Lawd's sake, man, what Is
this gwan to be--a waltz or q
schottlsche. - Philadelphia Call
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-02-01
WATER FOR THE SCHOOL.

OF summer terms. which were attended
only by little boys whose big brothers
were at work on the farm, and little
girls whose older sisters were at home
helping their mothers in the house
work. The main reliance of the neigh
borhood in an educational line, how
ever, was some old fellow who had
come down from former generation
as a teacher, and who, like Gold
smiths pedagogue, with words of
learned length and laundering sound,
could amaze even the old farmers of
the neigh borhood and cause them to