davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
EXPLORER DU CHAIlLU.
RumOr that He Finds the Tender
lOin District Somewhat Torrid.

Paul Belloni du Chaillu, the African
explorer, is becoming initiated into the
mysteries of the Tenderloin District,
and an experience he had last Monday
night is now the subject of gossip in the
hotel corridors and uptown resorts.
Mr.. du Chaillu is sixty years old. Sew
eral years ago, in Sweden. he made the
acquaintance and formed a close friend
ship for Farmer Ullin. who had a daugh-
ter Mary. a very handsome woman. She
Is drcsSmaker. and now lives In a fiat
at $50 West Thirty sixth street. Since
Mr.. du Chaillus arrival in this city he
has been n frequent visitor at the home
of his old friends daughter.
Last Monday evening pedestrians on
West Thirty-sixth street were attracted
by the sudden exit of two men from the
fiat house. There We're loud words and
some of the spectators say that the
younger of the men, who liz known as
. Charlie" struck the elder. who was
Mr.. du Chalm. with his cane.
Miss tllin lives with Il Mrs. Lavinger.
The latter is very uncommunicative re-
garding the trouble but hints that Mr..
du Chnillu called on the evening men
toned and found Miss Ullin entertain
Ing number of gentlemen callers.
Hence the trouble.
Mr.. du Chaillu admitted having called
at the HAT Monday. He said Miss Ullin
was out and that Mrs. Lavinger was en-
tertaining a number of men. He said
he told her he knew Miss Ullin. objected
to her having so many visitors and left.
lie ridiculcd the other reports OF the
affair.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
CHILD MAY BE BLIND.
Midwife TschcuIin Held for Trial
for Malpractice.


A case Of n midwife's alleged neglect,
costing the sight of child's eyes, came
up before Justice Voorhis at Yorkville
Court this morning. The midwife. Will
457 West Forty ninth street. was ar
raigned on the complaint of Agent Ag-
new. of the Gerry Society. and held for
trial in $500 hail
The child was taken to court by her
mother. Mrs. Mary Wilde. a poor woman
living at 500 West Forty-eighth street.
chandelier factory, makes but scant
wages. They have five children.
The child was healthy at its birth, but
In few days the mother noticed that
her eyes were inflamed, and called the
attention of Mrs. Tscheulin to 1t.
she treated the matter lightly. and
dropped some sweet-oil in the child )
came worse. and in n few days the
sight Of the left eye was entirely gone.
Mrs. Wilde few days ago took her
baby to the Ear and Eye Intirmary, on
Second avenue and Thirteenth street
and when the doctors learned her story
they blamed the midwife for its condi-
ton.
The sight of the right eye is very
ported to the Society for the Prevention
OF Cruelty to Children, and Agent
'iormley placed the midwife under ar
rest yesterday afternoon.
she had a right to use simple remedy
Mrs. Tscheulin is a licensed midwife,
but that does not give her a right to
administer medicine.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
RUNAWAY IN A FERRY-HOUSE.
Three Horses break Loose from n
Mig Coal Wagon.

An exciting scene occurred at the
Weehawken Ferry, foot OF Jay street,
at 1890 this morning. Three horses at
tached to a truck loaded with coal broke
away from the wagon and dashed out
OF the slip into West street.
The horses We're captured before they
could do any great damage. The ferry
house was crowded with people at the
time. and there was a wild scramble for
safety.
The accident was due to the exceed
ingly high tide. When the ferry boat
Oswego arrived at her slip she had on
board one OF Burns Brothers big trucks,
containing five tons OF coal. 1t required
three horses TO draw IT.
The gangplank was at an angle of
about 50 degrees, when Driver Michael
Kelly tried to start his three horses up
II. At the first attempt the knEbolt TO
the wagon snapped and the horses were
freed from the vehicle.
Kelly, however, chung to the rens and
was dragged at the heels of the runa-
ways half way through the fCrry-house
He was compelled to release his hold or
meet with severe injury.
Policeman Genry, OF the Leonard
street station, nnd James Devnc, OF 10
West Thlrtieth street, who We're IN 'front.'
OF the fcrry-house. caught ths horses
before they got far into the street.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
ACTOR c. 7. GADEN ACCUSED.
Charged with Paying a Hotel Bill
with q Bad Check.
lie Has Had Hard Luck in the
Laughing Girl" Company.

George T. Gaden, an actor, twenty-six
years old was arrested In furnished
room house at ~ East Twenty-nrst
street nj : O'Clock this morning by be-
teCtives LAWYER and McCafferty, OF In
spoctor McLaughlin's staff The charge
against him Is forgery.
He was arraigncd before Justice Nc
Mahon in jefferson Market Court and
remandcd to await extradition papers
from iPttsburg. whence the complaint
comes.
on April 4 Inspector Mclaughlin re-
cclvel n telegram followed by n letter
from Roger OMara, Superintendent of
the Pittshurg Police, saving that an
actor named George r. Gadcn, Of New
York. was wanted there for passing a
forged check on the proprietor Of the
Monongahela Hotel The check was for
49, and was drawn on the Chemical
Gaden is also accused OF forging the
names of V. l.. Rice. OF 70 Broadway,
to two checks on the Third National
Bank, one for so and the other for SOS.
The actor is at present n member of
the Laughing Girl company In 1892
he was member of Pitou's stock com
pany, and Is said to possess much tai
ent.
His stage rnme is George T. Lamar.
and II is said that he is connected with
n wealthy and aristocratiC San Fran
cisco family.
lie was taken to the Central once
from jefferson Market Court and closely
questioned by Inspector Mclaughlin. He
confessed his guilt. and said that he
was driven to the commission of the
crime by stress Of circumstances, the
present theatrical season having been
II yielded. he said. scarcely enough
profit to meet his expenses. Gaden Is
man of fine appearance, and looks like
anything but a criminal. The Inspector
has wired to the Pittsburg police to
send a man after the prisoner.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
THIEF IN A SEMINARY.
After Stealing II Cloak Devlin Com
fessed ind stole Another.

A sneak thief stole u cloak yesterday
morning from St. Gabriel's Seminary. at
233 East Thirty-siXth street A few
hours later James Devlin. eighteen
years old. OF GA Second avenue. called
there ana asked To see the Sister Su
perior. He told the Sister he had stolen
the cloak. but had repented and wished
To reform. The best he could do was
to return the pawn ticket for the cloak.
The Sister Superior thought he was in
earnest and forgave him. Devlin re-
pented to such an extent that In leav-
ing the Seminary he entered the young
ladies' cloak room and stole another
cloak. more valuable than the one he
had taken before.
A servant. Bridget Fitzgerald saw
him going out of the room, and when
the cloak was missed she told the Sis
ters. bsvlin, in his confession. told the
Sister his address. The police were
notified. and last night Detective Nc
cabc. OF the East Thirty NTH street
station. arrested Devlin at his home.
In Yorkville Police Court this morning
the prisoner denied that he stole any
cloak or that he confessed to the Sis
ter. He was held for examination.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
RATHER HASTY COURTSHIP.
Two Days After They Met Ward
and Mrs. Dlackman Were Married.

George II. Ward, Of M!ddletown. Conn.
met Mrs. Madele Townsend Blackman
Of Milford. Conn, for the first time last
Wednesday, Two days later they came
to New York and were married by the
Rev. DIR. Hamlin, OF the Doane NJ. L.
Church.
Mrs Ward Is n well-known church.
choir singer. She was born on the
ocean and her mother died before the
ship reached port. wealthy New
Yorker named Townsend adopted her,
and gave her an excellent education.
She studied music and the languages in
Rome. she married Blackman against
Mr. Townseni's wishes, Since, his
death she has supported herself by
singing She sang in Plymouth Church
Easter morning. This Is Mr., Wards
third venture in matrimony.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
NO HYDROPHOBIA YET.
Three Children Kitten by n Dog
Whose mite KILLED a Womnn.

Albert Durhart and his cousins Royal
AMI WITH" Kennedy, aged nine seven
and eight years respectfully, who are
un'er tr'aimcnt at the Pastcur Insti-
tut", West Ninety-ScNenth street, have
not shown any evidences of hydrophobia
thus far.
They were bitten by n mad dog last
January I'm the village OF Salem, Va.
tn" sister OF WYthc Kennedy was also
ni't'n whilr trying To- rescue the boys.
81" died of hN !rophohia last Sunday,
and tn" boys We're Immediately sent TO
l'r, thhi"r for treatment.
llr, Glhi"r raid this morning to an
Evening Worid' reporter that the chill
drcn had been inoculated, and that thus
far they had shown no evidences Of the
fearful malnly
~ the poison is in their blood" he
said, and IN" Past"ur treatment fails,
II win be several days before 1t demon
sirntns Il anlf- ="
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
FERRY TRAFFIC DELAYED.
High Tide Causes Difficulty in En-
tering the Slips.

The ferry traffic on both North and
East Rivers was somewhat delayed on
account of the storm. Difficulty in
making the slips was the chief cause of
complaint. and this was due. for the
most part. to the high tide.
This was particularly true with respect
to the traffic on the East River. The
stiff northeasterly wind which swept
down from the Sound aggravated what
ever trouble there was
While the wind caused this unpleasant
ness on the one hand, 1t was beneficial
on the other. by it all Sound steamers
bound this way were enabled u make
landing II anything ahead OF schedule
time.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
MARKETS ALMOST DESERTED.
The storm Prevents Farmers from
Getting to the IItN.

on account ~ the storm the various
markets were almost deserted this morn
Ing. only seven wagons arrived Mt the
Wallahout Market. whereas on fine days
there are seldom less than 200.
The Gansevoort Market suffered nc
cordingly. Very few wagons with Long
Island vegetables arrived there The
markttmen VIII therefore suffer from
n scarcity of fresh vegetables wherewit
TO serve their many customers and
hotels, which they are under contract
to supply daily.
1t was said that Long Island has suf-
feroa more than can be at the present
time realized.
Roads are either impossible or In such
condition that II Is almost impossible
for the farmers to reach the city.
Many farmers had narrowed their
grounds preparatory to seeding, and the
storm makes II necessary for them to do
their work all over again.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
JUDGE COMING ILL.
Unable to Attend Court To-Day BE-
cause of Il Severe Cold,

Owing to the illness Of Judge Rufus
p. Cowing. Part l., OF the General Ses-
sions, was adjourned this morning and
the pleadings of the prisoners were
taken by Judge MARITIME, in Part III.
Judge CowinE was able to attend to
his judicial duties yesterday, and was
apparently in good health Word was
received by Clerk Hall this morning that
the Judge had contracted a heavy cold
last night and was unable to leave his
house.
Judge Cowlng's son. Edward Kirk
land Cowing. Is very low with pneu-
monia. He was member Of the Feb
ruary Grand Jury, and caught cold
to BlaclSwells Island. Infiammatory
rheumatism set in, and the cold finally
developed into pneumonia.
Judge Cowing resides at 1873 East Sew
enty-eighth street.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
SAID TO BE COIN SWEATERS.
Couple Arrested and Out1t Cap
tured in baltimore.

BALTIMORE, Md, April 1l-Joseph
Foster. alias James l.. Wilcox. and Ella
Foster. who claims to be his wife. were
held here yesterday in $500 each by
United States Commissioner Rogers on
the charge Of sweating gold coin. De-
tectives found on WilCoX's person $40
in Eolddust and twcnty-one gold pieces
Of li'Sht weight. y number OF similar
light weight coins were obtained from
merchants who had received pieces
from Wilcox in exchange for notes.
Wilcox had also exchanged $3.50 In
notes for gold coin Mt one Of the banks
and in the couples room the detectives
captured complete sweating outfit
The Chicago Police department has
telcgraph'I tn" authorities that officers
Will b" sent to Identify the accused
who are thought to be connected with
gang arrrstnl IN TINT NItN.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
MUST GIVE BONDS FOR TRIAL.
Gcrlnch Allowed "a Hours to Pro-
ducc Bondsmen.

Judge Mccarthy, in the City Court,
this morning allowed Charles Gerlach
twenty-four hours In which to give
bonds for the payment of the $3.50 fine
for his failure to appear in supplement
tary proceedings
Col. James. counsel for Gerlach, said
that the bad weather rendered IT i'm
appear Judge Mccarthy said the mat
ter must be settled tomorrow.
Mr.. GerlaCh is the proprietor OF the
Hotel Gerlach in West Twenty seventh
street. II, b. Kirk a. Co, of SO Fulton
street hold judgment against him for
q, 800 for liquors furnished the hotel.
Mr.. GerlaCh says he owes very little
fun. He charges Kirk & Co, with a de-
sire to annoy him and make the matter
as public as possible.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
SALLIE MOORE'S SUIT LOST.
She Failed to Secure n Verdict
Against Farmer Cruce.

A despatch from Louisville. KY. states
that Sallie Moore has lost her SO, 900 suit
for damages against Farmer l.. w.
Cruise, OF Crittehden County. KY. and
that she will return to New York City.
Sallie Moore will be remembered as the
young woman who created sensation
year ago from the home she had with
her brother-in-lnw, Wilbur F. Cornell, of
turn. She was finally traced to Philadel-
phia, and there the trail ended.
Later IT was learned that Miss Moore
was located at Lancaster, Pa, and 1t
came out that she had disappeared sim
ply to keep her sister from learning OF
her delicate condition.
She went to Marion, KY, and there
charged Farmer CruCe with betraying
her under promise of marriage. Miss
Moore by this time was n mother, and
as Cruce refused to marry her she
brought suit for $4,000 damages.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
Steamboats,.
THE SMALLPOX RECORD.
Two Deaths and a New Cnse on
North brother ISInnI

Edward Renner, twenty-four years old,
who lived at the lodging house los
Bowery. was removed from Bellevue
Hospital to North Brother Island this
morning, suffering from smallpox.
During the night there We're two
deaths from smallpox on the island.
The victims were Margaret Bond, five
years old. who was removed April 4
from 129 Cherry street, and Lucy Ward,
five years old. of 2704 Eighth avenue,
who was removed with several other
members of her family to the island
about ten days ago. She is the third
one in the family to die from the dis
ease
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
Delaware Fruit Crop. Ruined.

WILMINGTON. Del. April 1.-THE
few peach buds that lived through the
severe freeze Of the last week OF March
have been finished by the present severe
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
HEAVY SNOW IN BUFFALO.
II Furnishes job. for Many Men
who Were Unemployed.

BUFFALO. April ll-Sow has been
falling without cessation for nearly
twcnty-four hours 1t is wet and heavy
and now about ten inches deep. loading
trees ana wires as heavy as they viii
hold
Telegraph telephone. electric liI;ht AMI
police signal wires abpv" ground are
NOR" or less broken. cluggcl and crossed.
1t Is impossible to learn how great Is the
extent uf the storm I'm this territory. but
from scattering reports NJ hand, tn" fall
seems t. b" general at this ,nl of the
state and to extend beyond Rochester.
There Is no indication Of u let NJ yet.
The storm has brought employment to
and railroads.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
AGGIE SILVA AGAIN.
Held for Destroying n $3.50 Mirror
in n Saloon.

Aggie Silva, the woman who first
achieved notoriety by being the CO.
respondent in the Baroness Blanc di-
vorce suit and who has been often In
the hands Of the police on account of
her ungovernable temper when drunk,
was again In the tolls to-day.
She was held for examination In the
jefferson Market Police Court, charged
with the malicious destruction of a $3.50
mirror in n saloon at Twenty-sixth street
and Seventh avenue early this morning.
Aggie. when locked up, amused her
self as is her custom, by roaring out
songs all night in the West Thirtieth
street police station.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
PAVILION FLOODED.
High Surf at Atlantic City Causes
Great Discomfort.

ATLANTIC CITY, n. J., April IL
The surf Is very ugly along the beach
at this point and at the upper end OF
the island. The waves are breaking
over the pavilion.
Manager Nearer and his family Lave
taken refuge in the second story, the
hoor OF the first being covered with
water n foot deep.
Severe rains prevail and the life-sav-
Ing crews are keeping sharp lookout
for vessels in distress
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
BOATS ASHORE AT RED BANK
Docks Submerged by the Unusuall,
High Tide.

RED BANK, y. j., April 1.-THE most
severe storm since the famous blizzard
has been raging here since yesterday
afternoon. At times last night the wind
reached velocity OF nifty miles an hsur.
\ number OF small boats anchored IN
'he Shrewsbury River were washed
ashore and wrecked. At high water all
the docks were covered with about three
inches or water
The storm Is accompanied with hall
and snow, and II Is feared that the peach
and pear crops In Monmouth County
have been damaged considerably.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
WIRES DOWN IN NEW JERSEY.
Telegraph and Telephone Service
Is In Ind shape.

The storm has done great da mage to
telephone wires throughout New Jer-
sey. Wires are down between Jersey
city and Paterson, Plainneld. Seabrlgh,
Long Branch. Asbury Park and New
Brunswick Communications by tele-
phone with those towns are cut of The
telegraph wires are also damag ed, and
messages to these points in New Jer-
sey are subjected to delay.
Telephone wires are In working order
on Staten Island and In some parts of
Long Island and Westminster County
Linemen are now repairing the broken
wires in New Jersey
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
A BLIZZARD IN NEWARK.
Wires Down and Travel Impeded
By Wind and Snow.

NEWARK, n. j., April 1.-THE storm
which began last night continued with
increased fury this morning and as
sumed blizzard proportions. The wind
this morning is blowing Mt the rate OF
nearly 81 miles an hour. and the snow and
sleet IL impeding travel to great ex-
tent The wires in many parts OF the
city are down. and the telephone service
Is badly crippled.
This Is the first time In many years
that storm of similar proportions has
been known In this city at this season
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
LOW WATER TO-.
PORT OF NEW YORK.
OUTGOING STEAMERS.
SAILED TODAY.

SAILED TODAY.
ARRIVED.
Waesland, Antwerp.
Britannia, Liverpool.
Creole Prince, Trinidad.
Saratoga, Havana.
Alyena GOnaiHes.
Ell Mar, New Orleans.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
Slaughter in Enst Africa.

NIy Associated rrrss)
LONDON, April n.-Advices received
here from Uganda, under date of Dec.
7. say that the British East Africa Com
panys forces under Major Owen, at
tackled the forces of Kahba Rega, the
most powerful chief of the district and
defeated him The fight lasted three
hours, after which the enemy fled, leav-
ing nifty dead upon the field.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
INCENDIARY FIRES AT BOOM.
Police and Troops Patrol II belgian
business Centre.

ANTWERP, April ll-Fivc flres have
recently occurred at Boom. about ten
miles from this city. the centre of the
brick and tile manufacturing business of
Belgium. The fires are attributed to the
brickmakers. VINO are now on strike
there.
As n result. the streets are patrolled
by military, and the ass"mblage OF more
than ten persons Is prohibited.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
STOLE A WOMAN'S SATCHEL.
Taken fiom Her Arm ms She
Walked In the street.

John Smith, nineteen years old. Of 70
Gansovoort street. was held In tho Tombs
Police Court to-day in $1,000 bail for the
Grand Jury on a charge OF stealing n
satchel, valued at 81. from Mrs. Emma
Redgrave, Of l2S Charles street
The setchcl was hanging on Mrs. Red
graves arm when she walked down Hud-
son street yesterday afternoon Mt 40
o'clock. When she reached Laight street
Smith ran out from doorway and
grabbed II. He was captured by Police
man Lake. OF the Leonard street station.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
RIOTERS ASSAIL PILGRIMS.
Police Called Upon to Dispense n
Mob ut Valencia.
uly Associated Press }

VALENCIA. April 1.-THE departure
from here last evening of the pilgrims
for Rome was made the occasion of a
demonstration against them. A band of
400 ri1tous persons plraiei the streets,
cheering for Garibalii and Italian unity.
and shouting: Death to the pilgrims"
Finally the police charged and dispersed
the mob Pilgrims will hereafter be pro-
tected by police while on their way to
the railroad station.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11

NEW YORK OFFICE.
JOHN II. WOODBURY., GM
DEnMATOLOGICAL e.
INSTITUTE,
,ss WEST 4.D ST., So
THE LARGEST Who Is 1,
ESTABLISHMENT
IN THE WORLD
DEVOTED TO
TREATING
SKIN AND SCALP
DISEASES
AND REMOVING
FACIAL BLEMIsHEs.
REGULAR REGIsTERED
PHYSICIANS
WHO ADAPT
TIE TREATMENT
TO THE
INDIVIDUAL
CONDITIONS.
CONSULTATION FREE.
CALL OR WRITE
III YOU HAVE
Acne, Supcrduou, Hnir,
Pimplcs, Falling Hair,
Eczema, A Red Nose,
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
PHILADELPHIA UNDER SNOW.
SRGRinG Live Wire Kills Two
Omnibus Horses.

PHILADELPHIA, April 1.-THE snow
storm which began at II o'clock yester-
day afternoon in this city still RACES
furiously. Telegraph and telephone
wires are Frustrated in all directions.
Two horses attached to Diamond
street omnibus were instantly killed at G
o'clock this morning by coming in CON
tact with n telephone wire which was
crossed with an electric light wire.
Trains are all badly delayed Re-
ports from the mountain regions state
that snow has fallen to the depth OF
about eighteen inches
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
Spanish Pilgrims on for Rome.

IVY NssOCIatcI Fresa1
MADRID. April 1.-THE Spanish pill
grimage to Rome started yesterday. The
pilgrims number l,iOO. and include all
classes of people, from workingmen to
grandees. Among the number were the
Archbishop Of Seville the Bishop of
Madrid, the Marquis de Comilas and the
Marquis de cuba.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
MILE COMMON WANTED.
Her Mother, Who Was COlored
Shot and Killed Mt Pomeroy, O.

Supt. Byrnes this morning received n
letter from J. b. Scott. Coroner Of Pome-
roy, o., who says that on March 81 a COL
ored woman. Mrs. BEETLE Slaughter, was
found dead In that place. She had been
shot three times.
Among her effects was found letter
from her daughter. Mile Connor. dated
New York. April 8. The Coroner wants
Supt. Byrnes to find the daughter.
The evening world. [volume] (New York, N.Y.) 1887-1931, 1894-04-11
STORM DOES
GREAT DAMAGE
CONTINUED rom First Pdo,. J

II was difficult task for the deck
hands They rather slid than walked
down.
Along South street the water at II
O'Clock was on a level with the street
and was only kept from moving over by
the strinRer along the bukhead
There was water In the cellars OF the
atorekecpers on the west side OF South
street. and the merchants were alarmed
M III" tide had stu nearly an hour to
rise before the ebb began