The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-02-18
NOTES ON SCIENCE AVID INDUsrnx.

N bi"pio anu luR0uloub hppATnEun mas noHA
contrived for the Weighing OF tin at smelling
works a device designed upon the lever and
beam principle. and capable. Of course. under
modification. OF variety Of applications. The
scales. which are suspended from the beam By
q centre bar. are constructed OF large, square
plates. upon which the metal or weights can
be placed with a facility. It is asserted, which
So ooLh \, Grams generally used do not affords
convSnience OF those handling the heavy MAJ
terial In order to obyiate unnecessary stop
with box and swivel ends. and are. moreover.
80 nicely poised that, although they could, IL
ounce weights win dopress either f side. TS.
scales are raised from the blocks BY means OF
greatest ease.
useful point Is made By writer IN the
Economist In regard to the term fast colors."
as applied to printed and woven oottons. The
rule 10 laid down that the more delicate in
shade dye is. the more difficult IL Is to fix it
In the cotton nbre. but even the crudest colors
will fade II goods are imperfectly treated In the
aundry; any OF the goods. In fact. that are
sold as last colors. whether Of domestic or
but when subiected to the powsrfai chemi.
calls OF which many OF the washing soaps
on eotSes line and esposea Co the rof blssss.
Ing Influences OF sun and air. the colors must
is wei known that the eSsmicais s Contained IN
washing soaps and similar com pounds are in
the process OF bleaching musIins; In not q feW 1
a nstaneos too tney are probably Of greater
weaken The cloth to an extent that the bisaehssgr
would not be disposed to risk.
Tho cause of defective terne roofing plates
Is now decided to be owing to . lack of sum
cient coating. and to the use Of the acid flux
process In manufacturing the plates; Of these
the latter is regarded as By far the more per-
nicious. as. unfortunately. the acid hux proc
ess is at times utilized in the manufacture Of
heavily coated plates which not only sell at 4
durable article and on this account are ONLY
the The more more, deceptive In the acid fuI process.
sos suSmeS cleaned sheets beio5:
which generally floats directly on top Of
the coating metal-sithsr pure tin or the mix
passage Of the sheets directly from the acid
into the molten metal; the sheets naturally
sheet over the acid particles. which accord td
ingly remain between the steel or iron shoots
sSd eats ioliows thss IN mssa NST 4;
short time. the acid particles which were COW
and eat out through the metal Coating atm o Snd
so Msb sss this .ss place the
Some new dyes from coal tars have lately
been added to the well-known numerous class
OF that description. The new dyes are closely
allied to the indulines In their chemical COM
position. One is a body that form red brown
capable OF dyeing. tannin- m rdanted cotton
and SIX In red shades. and L. obtained from q
6Say tbs Ts Is by
from acid baths in bright rcd shades, some
from azo-csrmine. Some additional produets
In this line also are being obtained from all
acid being employed as the medium for a few
hours. the result being an Intern ediate sub
q dark brown powder. possessing some dyeinR
p2wersLthis. however. on being next treated
iU.a ordinary snphare acid Is conver,sd
with some difficulty In water. but readily so
In alcohol. and giving violent red solution
having red huorescence
What Is believed to be the largest artificial
waterfall In the world is that protected By the
Southern Pacific Railway Company. near
Wright's station. In the Santa Cruz Mountains
and above a railroad track. and designed to
prevent the obstruction OF travel by land slides.
long tunnel near, the above named station.
This unique piece OF engineering consists OF
passing the point where the stream crosses
the T TTseK Sy an an aTsh , oi solid d mason
composed OF huge blocks of stone capable OF
durably withstandinR the wear and tear OF the
and height as the tunnel proper. and Is con-
structed In such a manner as to prevent the
through; the top Of the arch being about fif-
teen feet above the bed OF the stream. the lat
and. as the stream flows over the TOP OF tn:
stone arch. fall OF not less than twenty fOet
is produced on the other side OF the track.
For determining the hardness or friability OF
certain substances. NJ. Rosiwal has describedt to
the Vienna Academy new method devised By
him which is characterized by entire sim
pairing tho losses OF weight sustained By the
bodies under investigation by scratching them
with I'd given wsighs o. PGishing m.tsIial
substance loses its efficiency. the polishing
appliances comprising dolnmitic sand emery.
rs place in the scale OF hardness by Comparing
It's effectiveness as a polishing agent with that
and to these succeed topaz, l34; quartz.
40; adularia 3D.; apatite. 40; tiuorspar "a;
nalcite. 5.O; rock salt, 10. and tale, GOA.
NJ Frere. French chemist, shows In what
manner the condensation OF ammonia in gas
works may be most advantag eously accom-.
simple apparatus. viz. Cheyalet washer an,
4 water trickle pebble column, supplied with
rom itty-three 20 etghtY-sght pists Of water
lure OF the gas on It's admission tothe washer
grains per cubic foot on putting ~ another
pebble tower in addition to the previously rx-
sting one. IL was found on working the water
so that the temperature OF the gas was never
allowed to GO beyond 512. r.. that even when
The external air was az u temperature OF ~ 10
* degrees. r., in the shade. there was never
more ammonia in the gas than nO4B 70 uu4S
grain per euble foot. IN winter less water wa.
70 O.u3Ni grain Of ammonia Der cubic foot
from this Il seems that ammonia can be almOs'
completely extracted by very simple means
Among the many recent examples OF cleo.
rle power distribution that might be cited
special mention may be made Of the diFe0
irving OF the calico printing machines iutros
iueed at one Of the principal estahlishmentg
n Pawtucket. X l.. where q motor Of this kinA
,sven-Toll printing machiue The result IA
hat the uniformity Of motion aud the ease and
'moothness with which the speed can be reg.
llatsd, have enabled the cloth 10 be printed AZ
ittY per cent. greater speed than ~ the for
ner steam driven machine and, allowing tor
'lared that at least OEe-thiFd greater output