davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

Another large firm OF wholesalers In Hell
ena Is that Of Steele Hindson q Co.. whose
warehouse IL AZ 1922 Bozeman street, near
the Northern Pacific depot. The IN Is
composed OF active young business men,
who have already by their energy acquired
a large portion OF the trade OF this section.
Thew are iobbers OF hay. grain, -four, feed,
rolled oats, corn, meal, potatoes. etc, and
are Wholesale agents for the Royal Banner
and Montana Belle -four. The Montana
Belle Is the product of the Bozeman mills
OF Nelson Story a Co., and the manufac-
tureis have constituted Steele. Hindson &
Co. their agents in this section and make
Helena, through them. a distributing poiut
to the retail srade of this city and she ad-
jaosnt country. A large stock is kept con-
stantly on hand, and as the demands of
trade make inroads on II the supply is re
plenished direct from the mills. Another
brand Of hOur handled BY the firm
is the Mascot. Minnesota product.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

establishment here. and IL besides the
largest sstablishmsnt in this section. 10
handles all lines OF tobaeoos and fiou., and
other kinds OF groceries. he com.
PAWS warehouse occupies a space OF
seventy-ive feet one war aud 200 feet the
other, and in this is stossd n quantity Of
goods that is simply dazzling. The bust
ness Of the company extends 20 all parts of
the state, aud Is mostly done in carload
lots. The company has been in the buai-
ness for six years and ths trade Of the past
year Is reported 10 have bsen much better
than the preceding one.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

In room a6. 'front.' is Attorney Edward G.
Russel, who came 60 Helena in jane, 1857,
though he has been 10 the state alnes July,
1879. Air. Russell is New Yorker. and is =
q aduats OF Cornell university, Ithaca. n.
Y. OF the classs OF ~ lie opened an Of
zee in the Thompson block vas associated
with Il. q. Davis. Esq., IN 1859 20, IN the
Ashhv block, but sinos the spring Of 1891
has occupied an Office by himself IN tue
Pittsburgh block. lie practices IN the dis
tTiot and Supreme courts Of the state ana
IN the L. 5. court and has also made q
specially OF pAtent law.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

In the development Of Montana one Of
the most useful citizens Is the civil ana
mining engineer, who is constantly IN de-
mand. Within the past few years the
many enterprises inaugurated In Montana
have given amuioyment 60 many civil euei-
neers, SONS OF whom have taken high rank
aud are recognized authorities IN special
lines Of their profession and have attracted
she attention 81 scientific journals by their
work In Montana. q. ". helmick, Of
Helena. is one % the best known civil en-.
glnesrs in the state aud has been Identified
with some OF che most important work per-
formed he'e. lie Il skilled IN all branches
OF his profession aud hes many calls upon
his time and is prepared 90 furnish esti-
mates, etc. promptly. His office IL ia she
Pittsburgh block.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

One Of the original tenants Of the Pitts
burg block was She we'll known grocery
house Of X. G. Wallace a Co. The arm
started 10 business in 1871, and when the
Pittsburg block was completed and ready
for tenants Their moved in and have been
there ever since. They occupy q space OF
twenty feet front by l0T feet deep and in il
Is a stock Of [ :oceries that would DO credit
90 a store In = citY twenty times the size of
Helena. That the public appreciate that
fact Is evidenced ~ the hrm having to en-
ploy seven men and two delivery wagons TO
attend 20 the wants Of customers. Mr..
Wallace is one Of the oldest merchants ia
the city. ana has thorough knowledge OF
the business and gives it his personal at
tention which is one of the secrets of his
great success. An experience Of over
twenty years in catering 10 the wants of the
people Of Helena has taught Mr.. Wallace
Just what thsy want. and as his stock is laid
in with that idea IN view, 10 has always
proved satisfactory. The stock Is one o {
the largest and most complete in she city.
and comprises all the staples and all the
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

WE MAKE a PURCHASE OF Cry,
COUNTY, STATE SCHOOL WARRANTS BONDS AS PER-
MANENr INVESTMENTS JUST THE FIRST
ISSUE OF GOLD FUNDING BONDS COUNTY
OF VALLEY, MONTANA, AMOUNTING TO $4,000
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

Foremost among she wholesale concerns
Of Helsnais the Uaion Meroantie com
pany. Isouis HiilebEsOht president; G. J..
Cottingham, viee-preaidsnt; Theo. Fair
ksn, secretary aud treasurer. u is ths oniy
sxelgsively Wholesale and i9bbine grocery
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

This arm commsneed business in Helena
in 1888 and are known to every retailer in
Montana who handle goods in their line.
They occupy two large stone warehouses on
the Montana Central railroad tracks. dat TO
which all goods are uuloaded direct from
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

fancy goods that can be found IN the
largest grocery houses in New York CilY or
Chicago. Whila quality IL the main con.
sidsratlon la laying Ia supulies Mr. Wall
lace believes that n ia onlY necessary 20 sell
them a. a fair profit In order % keep the
custom be has and secure new patronage.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

Allows per interest savings deposits, compounded
January and July.
Transacts general banking business Draws exchange
the cities of the United States and Europe
Drafts direct the chartered bank OF India Aus
traia and China Iong Kong) payable local currency.
Transfers of money made by telegraph Money orders sold
on all the principal cities of Europe.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01

waa largely interested Ia iron and other
business. He was Impressed with the
future Of she city and be st about ~
systematic way 20 show both ne conhaenes
h "a and 20 aid ia making a. desirable
place fof residence. To-day pc owns hve
81 aha best business blocks In Helena-tho
penn block on upper Main street, the
Thompson block 81 Main and Grand ~ eets
she PaynseF Drus company h,oss on Man Nan
street ne6f sixth svenue, oocupiea
~ the lockwood pnarmacy. anu
the Pittsburgh block on Aain. near
Grand. The latter is the hnest OF the hve
nentionod and IN no city In the country =
thsre ! beeteT built. more conveniently ar
ranged OF better kept ofhoe aud store bHhd-
inc. II Il four stories in height, onlit OF
pressed brick and stone aud attsd wlth eV-
erv modern convenience. STAGE its com
plstion u has been very ropuar WIN plo
fessional men. loan companies ana insar.
snce people aud 10 IL seldom that a tenani
leaves ID 90 locate elsewhere In The eits.
A majority OF is occupants to-day are
those who vent Ia when u was nrat com
plstad. IL is conveniently located RAM ~
AZ hasrt Of the citv. with enraacea on two
streets and 10 10 never allowed % deserioats
in anv respect Either the OWE John u.
Thompson. or bis son. John W., give we
bloch their personal attention and that -
way the occupants are 80 we'll eontent 20
remain.
Helena Book and Stationery Company.
One OF Abe stores IA the ground floor Of
Abe Pittsburgh block is occupied by the
Helena Book and Stationery company, the
leading establishment Of Its ehataeter in
the state. THIS company Is the successor
Of Abe journal Publishing company, one OF
the original tenants OF the building. The
present eonpEny succeeded the journal com
PAW Dec. 6, 1892, Mr.. L. N. Wood and
Fred Gamer nov composing the Arm. Mt.
Wood, who has the management OF the
business. came 20 Helena from Philadel-
phia, where be was connected With the
John Wanamaker establishment be
brought TO the Helena house the experience
Gained IN Philadelphia. and as q fesut ut I
this experience and close and constant at
tention 20 business in the shori space of
ons year the house with which be Is con- |
nectsd has jumped 70 the head In !
ia particular lines. Nowhere. either |
hi the east or vest. In a ctv of double the |
size Of Helena, is there 20 be found a more |
com plste stock Of books stationery, bric- I
s-brso or office and school supplies. Dur
inc the holiday season she house did an \
enormous business. both in goods suitable |
for little folks and she grown people. Man /
a1sE Wood keeps posted always on the |
latest publications and new things in his
line Ia the east aud as q result hundreds OF |
people who formerly sent their msney east /
for goods In his line now 40 TO the Helena
Book and Stationery company. In addi- |
tion 10 q large and growing retail trade |
spesial feature is made Of the Wholesale |
and out OF town business. Ths orders OF i
school districts aud country merchants O. |
carefully looked after, Mr.. Wood Riving /
that branch OF the business bis personal
attentlon.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01
PAID In CAPITAL, 100000.
TRUSTEES=

THOMAS CRUISE, FRANK II. CRUISE,
VIM ]. COOKE, WIN. J. SWEENEY,
JOHN PAGAN
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-01
THE THOMAS CRUISE
BANK
OF HELENA.
OF HELENA.

Incorporated Under the Laws of Montana.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
KAL1sPELL's MURDER TRIAL.
G. b. Black on Trial for Killing Mrs.
Cunningham.

G. b. Black on Trial for Killing Mrs.
Cunningham.
KAL1sPELL. Mont. Aug. 6-The
trial of {. J. Black commenced in the
district court this morning be-
fore Judge Dubose. Black is accused
of numbering Mra. J. Cunningham
near Columbia Falls, few weeks ago.
The trial IL attracting great deal Of
attention. About fifty witnesses have
been subpenaed by the state. The day
has been devoted to securing . jury. A
night session is being held. and it Is
thought the full number of witnesses
have been secured tonight It will be
remembered that Mrs. Cunningham
was found lying in pool OF blood by
the roadside with her head terribly
crushed. Suspicion fell upon Black
aud his arrest Immediately followed.
Twice since he has been In Jail he has
attempted to escape. Once he sawed
his shackles and got outside the Jail,
but was captured and returned to his
cell. The trial will occupy a week OF
longer.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
TIE DAY IN HOUSE AND SENATE

Members Only too Anxious to Stir Up
the Tariff Conference.
WASHINGTON, Aug. THE senate
held short and uninteresting session
today, adjourning at 2:40 p. IN. The
most important event Of the proc. ed.
ings was the passage of q resolution di-
rectingthe president 10 take steps for the
release Of American citizens confined
on the island of Cuba for par,icipa-
ton in the recent rebellioDA The
early adjournment was due tn desire
10 avoid irritating remarks which 1t
was thought Oh the dem ocratic side
would probably be heard later in the
day from republican senators aud
might leadato amendments, which ut
the present time, when the feeling 10
running high, might prove disagree
able.
Tho House Didn't Do Much.
After rather uninteresting session
the house adjourned at 2:45 p. m. The
clerk announced the call for demo-
cratic caucus at 3 o'clock. The an
n0uncement was greeted with cheers
on the republican eide.
Don't Want Japanese Citizsns.
WASHINGTON. Aug. THE house
committee on judiciary today agreed Ia
report against the admission q: Jap
anese TO citizenship. The decision waa
IN reference to the bill providing that
section 2l69, Revised Statutes, shall moi
operate to exclude the Japanese.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
NOTES FROM THE SEAT OF WAR.
Chinese Soldiers Attacked the Japanes'
Minister At Tien Tsin.


SHANGHAI, Aug. 6.-Letters from
Colonel Won Tannekin, former aide.de-
camp to the Chinese viceroy, Ii Hung
Chang, confirm reports of in :ubo rdi-
nation OF the Chinese troops aboard the
transport Kow Shung. 1t is believed
the affidavits made by Captain Gals
worthy aad Chief Officer Tainplin OF
the Kow Shung were signed under
compulsion. Captain Galswo rthy aud
com panions were taken from Chem.
ulpo 10 Sasebo July % and released
August 4. Qrariermaster Evangelism
is still! In the hospital suffering from
his wOunds
Denmark is demanding the release
of Herr Muhlenstedt. passenger on the
dispatch boat Tsao Kiang. captured by
the japanese July %.
While the Japanese minister. accom-
panied by his suite and the japanese
consul were leaving Tien Tsin August
3. they were attacked Ivy Chinese SOL
diers, VINO seized their baggage and
threatened them with personal vio-
lence, but Viceroy Ii Hung Chang
quickly sent force of troops to the
scene and suppressed the riot.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
SHORTEST LINE TO TIE WEST.

Tho Burlington and Connections Will
Claim This DlstinctiOn.
KANSAS CITY, Aug. TIT 10 an.
nounced here today that the Burling-
ton routes new spur. Sheridan. Wyo..
to Rillings. Mont, 10 fast approaching
completion. This will bring the Bur-
linston into direct connection with
Pcr land, Or. aid Puget sound points,
the Northern Pacific being the c0nnec-
tion. TIE new line makes the dis-
tsnce from Kansas City 10 Portland
400 miles shorter than any 81 the other
lines. and will shorten tho mileage to
Puget sound 200 miles.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
THE TARIFF PUZZLE.
Senator Voorhees, Thinks the So
luton Near at Hand
THE FEELING IN CONFERENCE.
Another Day Spent in the Effort to Set
tie the Tariff Muddlo-The Day
In House and Senate.

WASHINGTON, Aug. d. --Cnalrman
Voorhees, of the financial committee
has been unable to attend the CONFER
ence on account of ill-health and 10 still
confined TO his house. He has not yet
been heard from on the points now ut
issue among the conferreee. 1t has
been assumed that he stood with the
senate conference managers. not only
for the senate duty on sugar, but also
for the duty on coal and iron ore. he
announced to the contrary in an inter-
view with a reporter who called upon
him at his house today and asked him
for his views. He said:
at seems to Inc that there ought to
be little If any difficulty in reaching
an agreement between the two houses.
The ways and means committee of the
house did not in the first instance re-
port in favor Of free sugar, but were
overruled by the house and free sugar
was put on the Wilson bill. I would
gladly have concurred in this, but l
soon ascertained with mathematical
certainty that such bill could by no
possibility rass the senate. On this
point of difference of the two houses
look upon the presidents letter to
Wilson as o help, rather than
hindrance, toward the compromise SET
Element. The concession which the
president advises the house to make on
&.
to lie at oEce satisfactory to
every legitimate sugar interest. !
cain entertain no doubt that 1t Will
furnish the basis of SUCCESSFUL sched-
ule. Gallery has announced IN the
senate. as | understand him, that
Louisiana will accept As per cent adj
valoren, especially If the bounty, or al
least q portion OF 1t, Is continued to the
planters few months longer. Under
these circumstances am unable to see
how the sugar issue can remain an OBJ
stacle to an agreement. The only
other points Of serious trouble are em.
braced in the question whether coal
and iron ore will tie free or have talid
duty laid on them of 40 cents tor.
These are exceedingly small aud
Insignificant items Of controversy
on which to defeat a great
national system Of revenue reform, OBJ
struct all legislation looking to that
end, disappoint and derange every bus
mess of the country. greatly embarasa
the democratic party and lhnlct tie
pravest calamities on all classes Of peo-
Ole. The sugar schedule is practically
out of the way, as l have shown, by
these concessions, and the senate
ought, In my judgment, to concede
free coal and iron ore, and OF course II
would do SO but for membership In
that body which will be counted on tho
fingers of one hand"
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11

WALLA WALLA, Aug. I'D. II.
Bechtol, the unfortunate victim Of the
City hotel fire Sunday morning. died
this morning at an early hour. from
burns received. He was buried this
afternoon under the auspices Of the
Knights Of Pythias.
Bud Pettyjohn, one Of the cattle
thieves who was shot in the fight with
the officers near Dayton Friday night.
was brought to the city today and
placed In the hospital. He 10 In dan
Rerous condition and may die.
Fire destroyed over 1900 sacks Of
wheat on the Kelly farm on Eureka
fiat. The fire originated from sparks
Of = threshing engine setting d . to the
stubble. The fire then spread to . 80.
acre wheat field. totally Destroying the
standing grain ON the adjoining farm.
Harvest 10 in full blast In Walla
WaIla valley. Reports received from
various sections Of the country show y
large Yield and excellent wheat. The
average of the valley 10 Estimated at 80
bushels to the acre.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11

ing the day and discussed the coal
and iron ore questions, besides re-
verting to the sugar schedule. The
talk. however, served no purpose, ex.
cept to emphasize the fact that the
disagreement was still unbroken and
little If any progress was being made.
There was some indication, however,
that an early conclusion of the confer.
ence may be brought about.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
INDIANS FREE TO GET DRUNK.
Those Owning Lands In Severalty Have
1hat Privilege.

1hat Privilege.
PORTLAND. Or, Aug. fudge Bel.
linger this morning rendered an i'm.
portant decision in the cases Of Thomas
Hawkes. and Edward Kline, charged
with selling liqu or to Indians. He de-
cided that the allotment Of land In
TO Indians had the effect of
removing them from under the charge
of Indian agents and gave them the
standing Of American citizens. Az
such, the United States laws govern.
Ing Indian wards Of the government
do not apply to them, and the selling
Of liquor TO an Indian who 10 not In
charge Of an Indian agent IL not pun.
lshaOle. The decision hes precedent.
tue opinion Of Judge Hanford delIv'
cred in an Indian case Of another
character In 1892. but 1t Is the first de.
cision of this effect In the case directly
10 the point.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
STEAMER ORDERED SOLD.
The Willamette Valley May Bring
Enough to Fay Coal Bills.

THO WIII0"tVsH VWtIey may DHHuB
Enough to Fay Coal Bills.
SAN FRANCISCO. Cal, Aug. 7.-Uni-
ted States District Judge Morrow is
sued IN order today commanding the
United States marshal 10 sell the
steamer Willamette Valley 10 satisfy
the claim Of Il. d. Chandler for coal
furnished her owners, tie Oregon Rail
road & Navigation Cnm3any. The
order il made und, a libel flied against
the st.an.r December 10 laat. The
steamer Is lying in the stream here un.
cared .or, and Judge Morrow decided
that II would lie II furious IL the prop
er:y to longer keep tie vessel OIL the
hands of the owner.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
MURDER IN TIE FIRST DEGREE.
The First Con yIc,ion in Many Years
in Idaho.

Tho First Con VIctiOn IN MANY xears
in Idaho.
BOISE, Idaho, Aug. 6.-For q great
many years no conviction of murder
in the first degree had been known In
Idaho until Sunday morning. when
such verdict was returned ut Poca-
tello against Charles Perry for the
murder of Patrick McNamara, at Lava,
40 miles from Pocatello.
The murder was committed June %.
It Is supposed the crime was committed
for the purpose Of robbery. as Nc
Namara was known to have money.
The victim was an old man. His head
was beaten in with u Ratchet.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
THE RETRIEVER AT Y0KAHAMA.
Der CAPTAIN Was Somewhat Previou
in Absnd 0nlnG her.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 6.-The seal
ing schooner Bcwhead, 36 days from
Hakodate, arrived this morning with
u catch OF ], 404 skins. The Is 'whead's
captain, Noyes, contradicts the reports
previously received of the loss OF the
sealing schooner Retriever. He re-.
ports that on April 10 the Bowhead
Kicked W. Nh open ut in which were
CAPTAIN Snow Of the Retriever and two
Chinese seal hunters. Captain Snow
then believed his schooner had been
lost, but after the Bowhead landed ut
Yalnado and had proceeded 10 Yoke.
hama he found her safe at that pert.
Eight Of The Reviewers men, h.w.
ever. took to sea in al open boat.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
CRUSHED IN AN ARAsTRA.

A Peculiar Accident In Psshastin- Dis
trict VIII Cost Life.
ELLENsBURa. Wasb., Aug. 4 John
A. Shoudy returned today from Peshas-
tin and rerorts that last Friday John
Ernest, aged IS, fell into an arastra
while Il IVES working and had one foot
and leg, one hand and arm aud hia
Lead crushed. He was taken cut alive
but recovery II impossible.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
ON TRIAL FOR A HE1NoUs CRIME.
The Case OF @. j. Black Attracts Grca
Interest At KalispelI.

Interest 1t Kalispell.
KALIsPELL, Mont, Aug. IA jury
was secured last night and the the trial
of G. J. Black, accused of the murder
of Mrs. Cunningham, commenced.
County Attorney Logan made the OPEN
ing statement OH behalf of the state.
Henry Heidman and e. H. Foot are
defending. The courthouse was
packed to overlooking. Intense inter-
est is taken by the people living in the
vicinity of the home Of the murdered
woman. The prisoner IL neatly
dressed aud Is apparently unconcerned
as to the outcome Of the trial. He dis.
plays no emotion whatever. He Is
smootli-shaven and very pale, az he
has been confined closely in the
county Jail since May l. His hair Is
jet black.
The first witness was Constable
Wheeler, who testified 40 to distances.
]. L. Lynch aud other witnesses told
OF seeing Black in the saloon In Go.
lumbia Falls at about $50 OH the even
ing Of the murder. r. S0rey saw Mrs.
Cunningham just out Of Columbia
Falls on her way home. He was talk.
ing to her aud Black passed them GO
ing In their direction. Two other wit
nesses "a " her cross the railroad track
just out OF town, aud that was the last
time sLe was seen alive. Ernest Mil
Ter, the man who discovered the
woman, ran across her accidentally
while driving his cows home shortly
after o'clock. He Immediately noti-
fed Cunningham. who mounted q
horse and has:ened to the scene Of the
murder. She was yet alive but insen.
sible, dying in . few minutes. {. f.
Sully. justice # the peace Of Colom.
bia Falls, was called on the stand. and
had just commenced giving testimony
when the court adjourned.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
sl.vs Want to Fight for Japan.

Slsvs Want to Fight Tor Japan
CoNNELLsvILLE. Penn, Aug. c.
Valentine Nowackie, leader OF the for
eigners among the. coke strikers, pro-
poses to make an offer TO the japanese
government to furnish 5000 soldiers
for use in their war against China.
The Slavs have been trying for some
time to fird place to 60 and leave the
coke regions.
The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, 1894-08-11
THE NEW JAPANESE MINISTER.
Mr.. Tateno's Successor It the Capital
Of the United States,

WASHINGTON, Aug. &-Immediate-
" after the announcement Of the recall
Of Mr.. Gaxo Tateno AZ japanese minister
to this country 1t was stated that Mr..
Kentaro Keneko had been appointed
to the position. This was an error. due,
1t 10 supposed. to q mistake in the
transmission Of the name. A telegram
was received ut the Japanese legation
today announcing the appointment Of
Mr.. Shini:hiro Kurino, chief Of the
Diplomatic bureau of the department
for foreign affairs. 10 be envoy extraor.
binary and minister plenipotentiary to
the United States.