The record-union., 1894-02-01
FARM AND ORCHARD.
Small Fruit Farming Strawberries,
Raspbarries and BIackberries.
Canker in Fowls-A Remedy Which
Has Proven Success-Black
Currants-Farm Notes.


as much as 81 900 per acre have been Sc
cured from one acre of straw berries, but
such results are al exception. In this
section the experienced growers do not
wait until the season opens, but begin
work as soon as the condition of the
ground permits. If the manure is to be
used, nothing that is coarse is placed on
the ground, only the finest and most per-
fectly rotten material being used. If fer
tilizers are resorted to they are used be-
fore the young plants begin TO shoot out,
and, if possible, the rows are cultivated.
the object being to have the plant food
within reach of the young plants at time
when they need it most.
In order TO give the young plants q
start the land is made rich, and they are
transplanted as early as possible. so as to
give them the advantages OF the spring
rains. a dry spell not only interferes
with their growth, but cuts the crop from
the Old bed shoot. The greatest enemy
Of the straw berry is the weeds 1t is easy
enough To keep them down between the
rows, and if the bed is matted i'll wide
row hand-pulling must be resorted to;
but If the young plants are well worked
the first year, and the space between each
plant kept clean, the weeds can be kept
down so as 10 protect the matted rows the
second year. The young plants may be
put out i'll rows wide enough to permit of
horse culture, and should be Il foot apart
in the rows. Later in the season they
will throw out runners, which will cover
every square inch of space in the rows.
The plants that are set out this spring
Will bear j full crop next spring.
RaSODorrIeS and black berries will soon
fill up the spaces between the plants, and
plenty OF room, therefore, should be al
lowed them. Once established they will
remain tor years, and if the plants are so
arranged in the rows as TO permit OF the
check-roW system of cultivation great
saving of labor will be effected. The best
market black berry-the Wilson-has
been nearly eradicated by the attacks of
the borer, but some other varieties seem
to escape, though the black berry crop Is
not as large as in former years, but there
has been an increase in the area devoted
to straw berries and raspberries. The
best variety depends upon the climate
and SOIL and can only be known by test
ing several variot @ as experiments show
that the lest varie.Ies in some sections
are almost worthless in others.-Phila-
delphia Record.
CANkER IN FOWLS.
When the poultryman discovers a yell
lowish white substance on the face of his
birds, he may conclude at once that can
ker is present. The disease spreads very
rapidly and therefore should be taken
promptly in hand on its first discovery.
The fowl affected with this difficulty
should be removed at once from the pen
with the other fowls and put in quaran-
tine. Canker develops with great rapid
ity among the flock, hence the necessity
OF removal of the sick birds. We should
not advise the ordinary farmer or poul-
tryman whose birds are not able
that is, not pure bred stock, to fuss very
much with them in attempting to cure
them of canker or, indeed, OF roup or any
kindred difficulty. But in regard TO birds
that are valuable, it is well TO apply a sa-
line wash and alum water, frequently
cleansing the affected parts, then alternat-
ing with a wash of burnt alum or Of
chlOrate Of potash in solution. It is inn
pOrtant that the sore places be cleansed
every morning and evening and the can
kerous matter removed. A remedy
which has always proved efficient is after
the removal of the cankerous matter to
wash the mouth and throat with water
and apply equal parts of tincture of
myrrh, borax and chlorate of potash.
Dust over with powdered boraX until
healed.
BLACK CURRANTS.
The bushes are easily propagated from
cuttings, which can be planted either in
the fall or i'll the spring. With proper
cultivation they make rapid growth and
bear quite abundantly the second season
after planting. They are long lived,
some on our premises being more than
twelve years old to my certain knowledge
and they still bear fruit in great pro-
fusion. They are not troubled by the
currant-worm. Some think that by
planting red currant bushes among the
black ones the former escape the ravages
of the current-worm, but l am not quite
prepared to vouch for that. So far as L
know, they are not troubled by any
blight or disease.
OLD BUT GOOD ADVICE.
If you want to insure plenty of eggs
from your Leghorns this winter mix
bran, corn meal and red pepper together
and feed three times day. This, with
plenty of water and some fresh milk,
will please the fowls into laying.
FARM NOTES.
Every sheep owner should know how
to grade wool. says a writer. A good
buyer often purchases at a low price
simply because the owner does not know
how it will grade.
The appearance of the animals on a
farm tells good deal about the owner
and his tastes. Thin cows, with promi-
nent ribs in winter or spring are not
much of a recommendations.
The manure from the stock should paw
for It's care and a fair interest on the cost
OF housing. Then all you have to do in
feeding is to get back the cost of food with
fair profit. This should not be difficult
problem.
If you spread the manure upon the
land as fast as made, of course, it will
leach out just as rapidly as it would in
the barn yard, but with this difference,
that the leach will go where it does the
most good.
Do not depend on any one crop for the
coming season. Diversified farming en-
tails fewer risks from the irregularities of
the weather. There are early crops and
late crops, and where one may fail an
other may be abundant.
The dairyman who allows his cows to
sleep in their own droDpings during the
winter and spring deserves to fail. He
neglects one of the first elements of sue
cess. There is no need of such nastiness.
in view of the inventions that provide
clean stalls.
In some of the great cattle e-producing
sections, where once nothing was thought
of stock, landowners are now combin-
ing farming with their stock growing.
This combination is true agriculture.
Either branch by itself lacks something
of completeness.
The underdrained barnyard or door
yard is rarely muddy. Though the
ground is naturally dry, it will probably
pay TO underdrain. Underdrainage miti-
gates drought as well as flood. The under
drained dooryard and lawn will grow a
better and greener turf.
A practical berry-grower says that
quarter-acre garden, well arranged, set to
best varieties, and properly cared for,
should yield at least TWENTY-FIVE bushels
of berries. In no other way can farmer
produce so much OF value, with so little
labor. as in garden of small fruits.
A Texas fruit grower, who has been
successful, applies stable and cowpen
L