davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

walked to the boat She is now said
to be thoroughly cured and able to at
tend to her household affairs. This
miracle is vouched for by the priest of
Cap St Ignace, who accompanied the
pilgrims. The woman's crutches. left
behind, have gone to swell the large
collection of discarded canes, crutches
and other aids which form two large
pyramids, twenty feet in height, just
within the entrance to the church.
Mrs. Joseph Paquette, OF Indian
Lorette, recently had smothering
sensation In the region of her heart,
which physicians could not cure. She
declared that she had made vow to
st. Anne to the effect that IL relief
were given to her she would publish
the fact to the greater glory OF the
saint. She said she had obtained the
lonoed- for cure in the sanctuary of the
saint. and would proclaim it to the
world. An ll-year-old girl from Coati-
cooke had been dumb for eight years,
when, after invoking the aid Of st.
Anne and communicating. the string
of her tongue was loosed, and she
cried out, Good st. Anne, / thank
YOU"
Some Pitiful Scenes.
Nine-tenths of those who pray for
relief fail to secure it, This is the
most distressing feature at st. Anne.
Very pitiful indeed are some Of the
scenes thus witnessed. Sickly chill
dren, whose cries fill the air, are seen
on every side. Consumptives in the
last stages of the di ase stagger or are
led by friends to the altar railing.
Frequently, at the foot of st. Anne's
statue, are seen supplicating sufferers
who, unsatisfied with their own oral
petitions and unable to remain at the
altar until their prayers have been fa-
vorably answered, supplement them
with written pleas inclOsed in sealed
envelopes and bearing the simple ad-
dress, "A la bonne st. Anne Num-
bers of these letters are always t. be
seen upon the pedes al OF the statue.
The church contains two or three rel
les of st. Anne's BODY, the largest be-
ing portion OF the wr st bone three
inches in length. Another is portion
of a lower thumb joint Thousands OF
peorl le venerate these relics. after con-
Tossing, communicating and hearing
the reading of the gospel OF ST. Anne.
The main DO 'tion OF the bones of the
saint are claimed by the cathedral at
Apt, France, where the reli were
obtained. The bo1y is said to have
been taken from Jerusalem by st.
James and others to Marseilles, the
ship containing them being miracu-
lously preserved from wreck. FIR, m
Marseilles the body was taken to Apt,
where for centuries It's 10, alton was
unknown, until its remarkable redis-
covery.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
THURSDAY, NUMBEl
pEBs ON THE STAND.
The A. X. u. Chief Tells OF the Pullman
Strike and what Led to IL.

=
Strike and What Led to It
Pres dent Debs. OF the American
Railway Union, In his testimony before
the strike commission, now in session
in Chicago, told of having received
word that strike in Pullman was inn
minent and of his coming to Chicago
to investigate. 81 found" he said,
"that the men were working for the
Pullman Company at wages upon
which they could not live. / found that
salaries had been cut time and again,
until the skilled mechanics were work.
ing their lives away for wages not suf-
ficient for a common laborer; that the
town of Pullman with its shops, its
houses and its stores, was so schemed
that every penny the workingmen
made found its way back into the COM
pany's Golfers. In fact, l found the
workingmen of Pullman in q pitiable
condition. The strike followed, or
dered by the men themselves Then
came the boycott, ordered by duly
elected delegates to our convention,
and then followed the railroad strikes,
ordered bv the various local unions,
each Of which had grievances of it's
own"
Would the railroad strike have oc-
Cured had there been no Pullman
trouble?" asked Commissioner Wright.
mo; the Pullman strike was the
prime cause. We desired to stop Pull
mans cars and shut off his income.
thus forcing him to arbitrate. But
the railroad men had grievances of
their own. The General Managers
Association had been organized with
the avowed intention of giving as
sistance to railroads in labor troubles.
The evident aim was to drive organized
labor from existence. No sooner had
this association been formed than a
systematic reduction of raj road wages
all over the country began. The cuts
were made en- one road at q time and
in one department at a time, but the
systematic regu arity with which they
appeared was sufficiently significant.
The men were ready to strike and felt
they had cause. But the trouble
would not have come when it did had
il not been for the Pu Imam matter"
Mr.. Debs then said that within five
days after the strike was declared the
union had the railroads beaten. They
were paralyzed, he said, "but just at
that time injunctions were sown broad
cast and shortly afterward the officials
of the American Railway Union were
arrested ior contempt OF curt. That
beat us. 1t WASH t the railroads or the
army, but the power of the United
States courts that beat u.s." In reply to
a question Mr.. Debs said that the union
had taken every possible means to pre-
vent rioting and disorder. I'VE OBJ
jected to the presence of the Federal
troops, but not to the State troops and
police"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
Brfehets.

A COUSIN OF the Mikad OF Japan has
arrived in New York. He Is travelling
incognito as Count Mishimi.
A POWDER house exploded at Fort
Smith, Ark, killing two women and
damaging,a number OF buildings.
JOHN j. SHERWOOD, OF indianapolis,
has nearly completed arrangements for
the formation o cSrnmeal trust.
The frst.class British gunboat
Bramble H., in consequence OF the ais
turbed conditions in certain parts Of
Morocco, has. been ord dered 10 pro ceed
to Tangier.
MEXICAN soldiers surprised the no.
torious bandit Luna and his wife Ia the
mountains and killed both OF them.
AT Sherburne, Mimi, Lee Walker
seized the trailing rore OF an ascending
balloon and was killed by the fall.
A DYNAMITE bomb was placed In the
cylinder OF threshing machine en-
gine at Boone, Ind. It exploded,
wounding several men and destroying
considerable property.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

event, the one mile open, created
the greatest enthusiasm of the
day. Sanger took the lead at the
two-thirds and held 1t until two
hundred feet from the tape. Here
Sanger. Titus, Brown and Bald were
all Tapped. Brown finished ahead
OF Titus and Sanger. The win
ner is a Cleveland man. In the
two mile handicap, Barnett, OF Lin
coin, Neb., who had a handicap of lYO
yards, passed the leader of the second
mile and. won by 200 feet. In the five
mile champion hip. Titus won and beat
the worlds record Tor five miles in
competition, making the distance in
1919 1-5. The previous record was
1927 2-5.
Wonderful ss was the first days rid
ing, the second days races were total
eclirse. Two important records fell
the first day and four fell the second
day. The day was fine for racing, and
the crowd in attendance large. The
high atmosphere had terrible effect
on the men. They gasped for breath
when they came off their wheels.
Western men are little disappointed
that their racers did not win more
prizes, but are jubilant over the per-
formances OF Barnett of Lincoln, Neb.
in the two-mile handicap, and the good
showing OF zie gler, of California, and
the Illinois men. Anderson aud Gard
ner, and also Weller, of Salt Lake, and
Maxwell, Of Winf I'D, Kan.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

without resources
OF any kind. Six
teen hundred fam
lilies well-ni g h
without hope. That
Is what Gov. Alt
geld says he found
in and about the
model town of Pull
man when he I aid
1t an official visit
at the request of
a committee of the
locked-out Pullman
workmen. L h y
GOvarpor haa iS-
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

have been made in several
States and by Congress during
the preceding year. In part it
dealt with the protest" of Gov. Alt
geld, of Illinois, against the use OF
United States troops in guelling the
recent riot, showing that Altgeld s po-
sition was entirely wrong and that OF
the government perfectly lawful. The
speaker condemned the Coxey dem On
st ations and tho sympathetic strike,
az well as Gov. Altgeld's position re.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
This and That.

HEAVEN finds new Joy every time
a sinner repents.
UNCLE SANS egg crop Is worth
800, 0,0C0, COO annually.
IN Brazil a couple may be married
by drinking brandy together.
IT Is estimated that New York has
no less than 10000 opium smokers.
In the East Indies there are spiders
80 large that they feed on small birds.
TIE national banks OF New York at
present hold nearly sl0),000,000 In
gold
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

its seventeenth an
nual meeting at Sara
tcga, N. Y. The
President being alb
sent, by reason of ILL
ness, his address was
read by the acting
president. j u d g Q
Samuel f. Hunt, of
Cincinnati. 1t was
very lengthy and
commune tied I h Q
m o 5 t note worthy
changes in statutory
law on points Of gen.
tntAnAof xyhsnh
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

HE national rae
ing tournament of
t h e ague of
American Wheel
men, held in Den
We r, was inaugu-
rated in the pres
ence Of 10, 900 peo-
pie. Th Q frs t
championship race
was the half mile.
Twelve men sta t.
ed. BALD, the win
ner, is from Buff
falo. The fcilrth
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

A GRAND JURY at Lincoln, Neb., has
held to trial George Davis, the negro
suspected of causing tho wreck on the
Santa Fe road by which q dozen lives
were lost.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

A LONE highwayman held up train
near Lufkin, Tex, and shot and killed
DIR. Dreweney aud robbed the body,
afterwards relieving others on the
train OF their money and watches.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
USE OF FEDERAL TROOPS LEGAL

President Cooley of the American Bar A.
sociation on the Strike Riots.
The American Bar Association, of
which Judge Thomls NJ. Cooley, of
Ann Arbor, Mich, is President, held
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

RELIGIOUS warfare at Ottawa, Ill,
has been settled, permission having
been granted the Salvation Army TO
hold meetings.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

RATHER than be censured for reck.
less driving, John G. Peck, q msmbe:
OF the Philadelphia frs department.
killed himself
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

AN'elephant Is fifty or sixty years in
gaining his maturity, and will live .
century AMI half.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
PULLMAN Is PITILEss.

Refuses to Aid Starving Residents OF HIS
'Modei Town"-Aitgelds Appeal.
Sixteen hundred families without
food. Sixteen hundred families with
out income. Sixteen hundred families
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
WHEElMEN MEET.

National Racing Tournament of the l..
OF A. w. Held In Denver.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL.
THOUGHTS WORTHY OF CALM
REFLECTION.

A Pleasant, Interesting, and Instructive
Lesson, and Where It May be Found
A Learned and Concise Review OF the
Same.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

THE revolt in Venezuela is at an
end.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

CRAWLING HIVE, No. "a. l.. o. T. M.-Meets
every first and third Wednesday Of each month.
SARAH nj. wooDFIELD, Lady Com.
EDITH wooDFrELD. Record Keeper.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30
SOCIETY MEETINGS.

>~~~S~ONOScoON~Nc~~~oON ~<N<NcO~~<~~oc~~cSS~N~~
N. z. CHURCH-Rev. 8. G. Taylor, Pastor.
Services at 10 80 o'clock am. and 71a pm. Sum
day school at IL m. Prayer meeting every
Thursday evening at 71 O'Clock. All are cor
daily invited to attend.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

LEBANON CAMP, No. al. w. O. w.--Meets in
regular session every Monday evening.
GEO. II. BoNNELL, Counsel Com.
HARRy EVANS. Clerk.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1894-08-30

WAGNER CAMP, s. OF ", No. 143.-Meets
nrst and third Saturday Of each month.
L. J. PATTERSON, Captain.
ER. BELL. 1st sergeant.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05
THE WISE TRAVELLER,

In seIeoting His Railroad Route, select,
the Road
That Hfor Is excellent ana most comfort
able facilities-"The Milwaukee"
That raverses a delightful and pietur-
esqus portion Of the eountry-"Ths Mi
wnukee."
That has--and merits-the reputation oil
strength and reliability-"Tho Milwaukee"
That enjoys popularity aud is stamred
With pubhc appfoval-"Ihe Milwaukee"
lhat has "a substantial roaibed aud most
ftequent train service-"1he Milwaukee"
mat egnrds. always, the comfort, ease
and safety Of its patTons-"lhs Milwaa-
koa."
hat furnishes the latest private COM
partment cars and latest library. buffet
smoking cars-"The Milwaukee"
hat furnishes elegant drawing room
parlOr cars, free reclining chair ears and
sumutuous dining ears-"Ths Milwaukes."
That has exclusive use OF the electric
berth reading iamp-"Ihs Milwaukee"
The Milwaukee" combines all the above
and more. too. Its trains nrs vestibulsd,
heated by steam, electric lighted anl IN
surpassed IN lHKu'ious appointment.
The IMMORTAL Lincoln said: Follow the
eople aud vou cannot be far from right"
The peopie use The Milwaukee,"
j. D, CoSLEY, Asst. Gen. lass. Act.
-. Paul. Minn.
NoTE.-Five Z aims daily from Twin Cit.
les 20 Chicago; ons to ~. L0uis and ono TO
Kansas City.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05
AROUND THE ZERO MARK.

The Geld snap Is Reported to he Very
General Throughout the State.
Yesterday was a genuine winter day in
Helena. with a touch Of a blizzard In the
morning and zero weather. with a stiff
breeze from the north in the evening. AZ
six O'clock yesterday morning the signal
service reported ~ above and at six p. NJ.
zero. Some thermometers on the west side
registered as low as five below in exposed
places. About nine =. no. the wind wee ed
around to the southwest and this was rise
In the temperature. he prediction for to-
day In Helena Is fair aud warmer.
he following reports from other sec
items were received by THE INDEPENDENT
last night; Glendive. 10 above. iuet enough
snow 20 cover the ground; Miles City, Is
above, seven inches snow; Billings. above,
two inches snow; CinRabar, - above
showing little; Big Timbe above, six
inches enow; Livingston. zero. one inch
snow; Bozsman, zero. two inches snow:
Townsend, II above. very little snow,
dfiftod in places; Nissoula above. six
inches OF snow, blowing hard; Kallspell,
10 above. clear and calm; Butte, below
two inches snow; Boulder. 9 below two and
half inches snow; Benton. below, river
closed Yesterday. third time this winter;
below, one inch snow; Chinook,
II below, clear aud calm.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05
JOTTINGs ABOUT TOWN.

There is q war among the millers in 500
kane, and Hour ia selling there for 50 cents
a seek.
The Populist league will meet tonight
at Assembly hall to elect Office 8 for the en-
suing term.
hrs. Dennis DELAY desires to thank
her friends fof the many kindnessea ex-
tended TO her during her recent aflliotion
and loss Of her husband.
Thsre arc two cases of smallpox at the
/ BlGekfeet agency. The authorities az the
agency have taken precautionary measures,
DO the g Ia little or no danger Of the dis
sase spreading among the Indians.
Location notices have been filed as fol-
lows: John j. Barrett, Ellen n. lode Stem
. Q disiriet Robert Brown. Francis Msher
lode, stemple; Henry Bu ke. Silver Leaf
lode. Three Nile; l.. $. Bowen 81 al, 909.62
acres placer on Missouri river and vicinity.
A deed has been Put on record from
Frank helunak TO Il. r. Purcsll. for lot 2
and part OF lot l, block !, Valley VisN ad-
ditlon. $500. Aassena Ballard. assignee of
G. W. Cannon. has sold TO August II. Mil
Ter. lots IL and u, blsok 5j2. Eastsvly add
tion, 800.
During Deosmber the street department
ray roll of she CITY Was 81 66365. which was
divided among Ill men. It was not very
much for each, but ths intention of the
city officials is 10 aid a. MANY as Osaible.
As rule those having families 70 support
are given the preference.
Four men left Spokane Monday for Ken
drieks. Idaho. 20 sea-eh for the body OF
George Colgate, who wac left in the Ciea.-
wateE country by the Carlin party. Tho
men undertook the duty voluntarily and
are william Martin. III. II. Shslton, Chas.
Colgate aud Jack Riehsford.
The Montana state irrigation convention
meets at Great Falls Jan. II. Among the
topics for discussion ae the following:
The Wright law the disposition Of public
lands; the control aRd direction Of water
supply. and irrigation as a paying Invest
ment." 10 Is expected shat able sreakers
will be present during the sessions Of this
convention.
During the year 1894 the Northwest MAG
nzine OF -. Paul IL going to devote Eor-
tton OF its space to pionee ; OF the north
west. The work in that line In Montana
will be IN charge OF Jerry Collins. forms "
of the Great Falls Tribune. NJ. Collins'
thorough acquaintance with MontsniAua
and his versatility Hs writer Dc him for
the duties be hos assumed
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05
THELAW AND THE LAWYER
Col. Sanders Finds Out That Judge
Knowles Knows All About
the Law.
He Attempts TO Tell the Court
How 10 DO Things in
One Way.
The Court Prefers to DO Things Its Way
aud the Court Has the Last say
Other Court News.

Judge Knowles. Of Abe United States
court yesterday ovsrralsd the demurrer 10
the indictments against Will Hanks. e.
president Of the Merchants National bank.
He then asked that Hanks enter his plea
TO ths indictments. Col. ". n. Sanders
said that on behalf OF his client he would
plead not guilty TO the indicsusnta. judge
Knowles asked II Hanks was in court. On
being informed that Hanks was not, the
judge said he would prefer to have him
there 20 plead personally,
THAT is not necessary" said Col. San
dera. II am his counsel and can plead for
him."
The law allows a lawyer 20 enter a plea
for his client" remarked Judge Knowles,
"unless there is SONS Other express pro-
vision. In this case there is gr0nnd foe
doubt and prefer 20 have the defendant
apf ear and enter his own plea. send for
MIR. Hanks"
When Mr.. Hanks was found be came into
court at once aud personally pleaded not
guilty to all she charges IN the indict-
ments.
Judge Knowles then set the time for the
Hanks trial for the fret Wednesday Of
AIAA IN AAe neAN AaAAus AAo HniA ~ ooeta
not possibly DO reached al this term.
I'VE object" exclaimed Col. Sanders.
The court has no right At one term TO set
the time for a trial At the next term"
II have the right" said Judge Knowles.
The trial 10 set for the second Wednesday
in the April term"
Col Sanders had nothing further to say.
Ten days we're allowed in which 30 file
exceptions 10 the overriding of the demur-
rers.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05

Will pay the costs of tWc weeks trip &c
Hot Springs, Ark, and Tetu a, including
all necessary expenseS Tickets, sleeping
cor be ths, meals en- route and board at tie
Eastman. Park OF Arlington hotels, at the
Hot Springs. II you are contemplating
such y trip this excursion will save a Heat
little roll. IL 10 to start from 81. Pau and
Minneapolis Jan. %. 1884. via the Mime
apolis a. 81. Louis railway (Albert Lea
route). going via 81. Louis anu the Iron
Mountain route. A MANAGE will accom-
pang the party and look after their com
forts. Through slsspefs and dining ears.
The railroad ticket will be good for ninety
days. 90 that II any OF the parties to this
excursion desire 10 pfolOng their stay they
will be at liberty TO do 80. Aceommoda-
tons should be engaged as far ahead OF the
date OF excursion az possible. Address any
agent Of the Minneapolis d ST. Louis iail-
way, or Q. ~. PRATT, q. 4. a =. A..
Minneapolis, MINI.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05
PERSONAL.
IL up frsn Billings

J. N. Ramsey IL up frsm Billings.
James Rutherford. OF Troy, is in the city.
from Great Falls.
Mrs. j. Z. 1urnbull. Of Great Falls. Is
registered at the Grand Central.
l.. g. Fyhrie. ox-mayor OF Dillon and
now Of Ponsonby. Mont, IL registered ~
be Helena.
Mrs. ~. q. Garrett. OF Washington, ID.
C.. has arrived IN the city aud will make
Ler home with her son, City Treasurer CAT
rett.
o. Lund. sergeant at-arms OF the last
territorial Legislature. who has b0en visit
ing relatives and friends In Helena for a
few days leaves to-day for spokane. where
he has resided since leaving Aontana. Ga
Christmas day he gave turkey dinner 90
the newspaper people Of Spokane. With
whom he 10 great fAVoTite.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05
THE HELENA SCHOOLS.
what the Record In Attendance and Punc
tuAiity In DecemLrr.


what the Record In Attendance aud Punc-
tuAiity In Deosmirr.
The schools Of the city closed for the
holidays Dec. q. which day also closed the
fourth month OF the cur snt year. The
snfollmsnt for the rear IL as follows: Boys.
s33; girls. $40; total. 1.7i2. There we're en-
rolled for the month Of December LOG
pupils. Fifty-one Of this number dropped
out during the month, leaving a member
ship OF lbl6 the day the schools closed.
he number Of days of absence for the
month was ! FOG. against 1880 for the
month Of November Of this wear, and /, S52
OF the corresponding month of last year.
The schools having the highest per ceRt Of
attendance for the month we're Mrs. Giles
(9a 24) Of the Emerson school, Miss White
(9s.06) OF the Hawthors school. Miss Kloin-
sohmidt $3.50 Of the Central school. Mas
Cam 90 81 OF the HawthO ne school, and
the schools OF Misses Hopper and Wood
ruff, both Of which made the same per cent
-97.74
There we're six schools having nc eases of
hardness during the month as follows;
Miss Woodman's. Central school; Miss
Matthias. Jefferson school; Miss Harley.
hawthorne school, Mrs. Avsry's Central
school and Mas Sanders. OF the High school
building, The schools taught by the fol-
lowing teachers had bat one CASE each for
the mouth; Misses Fullerton. Barton.
Mabel Blackstone. g am, Hoover aud Hop
per. no four schools making the highest
IN both attendance and punetuAlity fof the
month are Mas Whites. Of the Hawthorns
school (9S.92). Miss Grams Hawthorne
school Cos. Ssl. Miss Hopper's. Central
school (y6. so and Mrs.. Giles Emerson
school t9550). The per cent of attendance
for oil OF the schools was 1913 and OF
punctuality 99.67.
The reports for the month are bettor than
for last month. which fact Is gratifying 10
NIL who appreciate the intimate relation
between regularity OF attendance and pro-
Rress in studies. IL IL sincerely TO be
hoped that ths good record may be kept up
during the preaent month.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-01-05

Judge Knowles has had considerable 20
ir itats him at this term of court. The
work of the court has been very heavy. with
trials OF civil cases. grand jury work and
other matters. He very willingly granted
the requests OF tho various indicted bank
oficsrs TO have their cases continued until
tbs next term, as he saw it would be impos-
Hible TO try them al this tsrm and get
through with other pressing matters.
There have been numerous delays, however,
IN reaching trials in cases of parties in
diotsd by tho grand jury. but who did not
want continuance. All this has operated to
throw the business OF the court back. and
to prevent the judge getting Il large mum
Der of cases of the dockets. as he had ex-
pected to do. From this time on IL may be
set down that Judge Knowles will demand
that the time OF the court shall be taken up
In disposiuR OF cases, ana that the . shall
be no unnecessary delay.