The Atlanta constitution. [volume] (Atlanta, Ga.) 1885-19??, 1894-08-20


Admiral Brown, who commanded the Ar
gentine f1otilla, was repulsed in an attack
on the Brazilian f1eets on the 9th of Febru-
airy, 1926, and sustained heavy losses in an
attempt on Colonia shortly after. On the
sOth of July. the Brazilian Admiral Lobo
gained important victory Brown,
but an expedition sent by the former into
the Uruguay river was annihilated by the
latter early in February. 1927.
The Brazilian general, the marquis of
Barbacena, lost the battle of Ituzaingo on
the. Goth of February, and the bad conduct
Of the campaign by the Brazilian officers
! rendered the war unpopular in the empire,
and the 9th of August, 1923, by con-
vention concluded by the mediation of Eng
| land, both Brazil and the Argentine re-
| nounced theta claims to Uruguay, and
created the oriental republic OF Uruguay. A
constituent assembly was held, and on the
18th Of July, 1880, it proclaimed the auton-
| ony of the nation. The independence of
! the republic was guaranteed By Brazil and
the Argentine; but the long period of in
teStine strife could not end at once, and the
| struggle for ascendency between the Colo
| radios and the 'Blancos kept the country
| in turmoil and stained it with bloodshed
in the strife of ambitious military and po-
! litical chiefs.
A period of comparative quiet and peace
| continued up to 1867, when Flores, an e%-
president of the republic, invaded the coun-
try and began a civil war, supported as
chief of the Colorado party, by Brazil. a
| Brazilian force Joined with the army OF
| Flores, captured Paysandu and laid siege
to Montevideo, which was at the same 1ind
| forces entered the capital, February %,
| 1865, and Flores established provisional
| ruler OF the country. tThe republic or Uru-
! quay now became allied with Brazil In the
! war declared by the latter country against
| Francisco Solano Lopez dictator OF TARA
quay. In the war, which lasted uhIl
| March. 1870 the Uruguayan forces numbered
! about 1000 men, and General tloTes
distinguished himself by the complete VIC
tory gained by him over alVl I5th o ~ An
| Paraguayans at Yatay on the l'th Oh Au-
! gust, 1860.
In 1866, Vidal was elected, pres
ident of the repu Idnsos as anu assas-
snated during an insurrectlon az t moh
video and ex-President Berro who, thouSn
not one of the assasSns, was arreSleu III
the street with arms in his hands. was ex-
ecuted along with others VINO had tahG ~
part in this insurrection OF the P 11Ia o.
the same year General Lorenzo 30 odttle o. o.
sumed the presidency, and in lSlO anotnet
revolution broke out whose issue was mo-
decided until 1873 when, by the triumph e Oh
the Colorados Jose Elaure was elevated
to the presidency. He was, however, subse-
quently deposed by his own party; anI M
ued in Office until March Of the foIiowinS
year, when he was forced to reSrsn w aho
proclaimed a dictatorship. ,,
Since that time the country has en1oyeu
comparative quiet The p9ttica. sg and fhs
people seem less inclined TO sacrifice them
selves and their welfare to the ampltlons
of military leaders. The republic appears
to have entered upon the path OF con5tltu--
tional progress and the regime of law and
order The presidents of later years have
exhibited wisdom i'm government under diff
cult circumstances, and patriotc a If
ton to advance their cOuntry's weifare
rather than their personal interests, ana as
the nation energies from the cloud which
a great financial storm had gathered over
1t, It can look TO a future ptisht WIN 1870, pa
perity and find in its promise the couG5aSe
that is equal to the demands of modern
civilization, and the energy that snail NOT
falter in the work of building up great
republic on the banks of the Uruguay.
The Condition OF the People.
| A visit to Montevideo would be 3 revela-
ton to those who are accustomed to look
at South America through English eyes.
There will be found n population as cultured
and as proud as any TO he found on the lace
OF the globe. Pubic schools flourish, not
only there, but throughout the republic.
! Primary educaulon is compulsory between
| the ages of six and fourteen. In 1890 there
! were 40 public schools, an increase of nifty
| eight over 1885, for primary instruction,
| with S3I instructors and 3S,7i7 pupils. The
! private schools, numbering 407, had an at
tendance OF y, iG9. Besides the university
and other colleges and academiCaI tnsttu-
uons thefc are NUMBER OF fehslouS semi
narics, with corps of 333 teachers and
! 4,2bl pupils. in the military college there are
sixteen professors and seventy-ninc pupils.
The normal school for girls has nineteen
professors and seventy pupils, ana the uni
EefSity ntty-nlne professors ana 90 stu
dents. The government also maintains
archaeological school for Drueguayan or
phan boys, called La EScuela de ArtcS y OH
clos, which. in 1890 had enrolled Z93 students.
1t is conducted upon military PLAN and
each pupil is bound to the Institution for
six years and must not be over fourteen at
the time o. admission. The principal aim
of the institution is to educate moor hoye
IN trades and professions. The range is
wide-from simple carpentry 10 the most
delicate carving and working in woods and
fine metals; from the fashioning of tools
ana Instruments to the building OF vessels.
The fine arts are not neglected; painting,
drawing music, etc, are taught in the
school: The Rivera, gunboat said to be
powerfully built, was entirely constructed
ana launched by the worlSmen of the school.
To the delight of the boys it did good SER
vice against the revolutionsts. The shops
and workrooms well equipped, and the
following list will give some idea of the
bOiler-makinS, clocks Watches etc print
ing, Woodworking. Photography. plaster
engraving, saddle making, photography,
bookbnding, smith craft, shoemakine, iron
casting and founding, mechanism, cartridge
making, firearms, furniture making and n0l-
shlnS, shlpt,uildiug. instrument making
~ contains over 10000 volumes and more
than 300 rnanuscrlptS There is oiso a M
tioGal museum with 20,536 specimens 1f5
newspapers and magazines are printed IN
the republic.
Commercial Development.
According to the documents under review.
the raising of cattle and sheep is The chief
industry of Uruguay. Its mild climate and
vast pasture lands show annually such an
increase Oh stock that the great proDIem
in Uruguay is: What shall be done with
the surplus beef and mutton?' In 1882 the
animal wealth OF the republic was eSumat-
ed as follows: Number of sheep, Is, 75II43,
cows and oxen, 5,2Sl,522; horses, 357. rs;
other animals %, 2j9 or a total of 10 4l6'6ig
For some time large quantities of frozen
meat have been exported. Wool is the
chief product, and the clip is estimated al
about l0.000.0Q0 pounds per snnum, worth
about 100000. In 1885, 10S9z3 head of
cattle were slaughtered for their hides,
tallow, ETC., and the meat used in the man
ufacture Of beef extracts and In other
modes Of preserving. The soil is capable
OF great agricultural development. Maize
wheat, tobacco, olives and grapes are EroWr
to some extent. There are some mines of |
gold and silver, copper, lead, etc, and Valu- |
able marble quarries. There are over sixty |
varieties Of fine marble.
In 1891 there were open 10 public traffic !
or ready for operation 99l miles of railways, |
100 miles were under construction and $40 |
miles in project. The principal telegraph |
lines in operation, at the end of June, 1891 |
were 3.356 miles, of which 6i9 belonged 10 |
the railways. There were siXty-nine of