Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-01-13

wood teacher holding 2nd. grade &c
tifcate fairly earned the prize under tt
conditions given. The grade on the al
swers was 40 per cent, ON other point
SO, making 80 per cent. out of possibl
100, which Supt. Peacock and myse
considered excellent. It was the inter
ton to publish the entire set but the
are most too lengthy for that. To shoy
something of their nature few of tn
answers egiven with comments by my
self.
8. A great German philosopher starte,
out to prove from pure reason the ex
istence and nature of God. Who was he
What the book? What the fina
conclusion?
Ans. Emmanuel Kant. The book is en-
titled "Critique of Pure Reason" He
proves that there is a God.
Comment: His conclusion, as summed
upby Sir Henry Lewes, "The attempt tt
penetrate the essence of things-to know
things per se-is an impossible attempt
There is another gertrude, and
that is moral gertrude. l can not say, il
is morally certain God exists but, must
say, lam morally certain God exists. ,
The will accepts, then reason confirms
2. What is meant by the doctrine OF
Pre- Esta blished HARMONY
Ans. 1t is the theory of Leibnitz. By
it he explains the relation between mind
and matter, and the fact of our knowl-
edge of the material world. He suppos-
es the universe to consist of monads OF
self-contained beings which can not act
upon each other, each state of which is
determined by its previous states. He
assumes that each monad reflects the
universe. To explain this and the SINH
larity of states of like monads, he as
sumes that harmony (Pre-Existing Har-
mony) was established by God in the
beginning.
Comment: It was also held by some OF
the schoolmen and may be illustrated by
comparing the soul and body to two
clocks, wound up to run together each
Independent of the other.
8. Metempsychosis? Where and when
taught2 By whom generally accepted
nowP Ans. The passage of the soul as
an immortal essence, at the death of the
body it has inhabited into some other
living body. Its form in each success
i've state is determined by the merits or
dement's of the earlier ones. It was
taught in ancient Egypt, and in, rude
forms among many savage tribes. 1t is
now taught throughout. eastern Asia and
is doctrine common to Buddhism and
Brahminism.
13. Give history and description of
the usesaof aluminium with process of
manufacture.
Ans. Aluminium was discovered by
Wohler in 1928. 1t is obtained from a
mineral called cryolite, and large quaint
tiles are imported from Greenland.
When cryolite is mixed with an excess
of soda and heated the metal is readily
separated. 1t is a white metal, light,
ductile, tenacious and very malleable.
Exposure to air will not rust it. Alone
or alleged with copper or silver it is used
instead of steel, copper, gold or silver.
z Comments 1t also forms the base of
all clays, and is perhaps the most extern
sive of all minerals, but no cheap pro-
cess of reduction has been found so as to
get it readily from clay.
10. What direction do climbing plants
takeP Why2 , ........ ....., .. -. .
Ans. Climbing plants turn from left
to right and from right to left according
to the species. The morning glory and
hop vine turn in opposite direction. The
cause is temporary increase of turgidi-
ty in the cells along one side bowling the
stem over in the opposite direction, the
line of turgiscence travels round the
shoot continually from right to left or
from left to right bending the shoot in
all directions in succession.
Comments: In the northern hemi-
sphere nearly all plants, the hops ex-
copied, follow the sun or towards the
light against the hands of the clock. In
the southern hemisphere this rule is re-
versed. Whether transported plants
would reverse or continue / do not
know; hence ask a question here of
some one who does. Is the direction of
the hop the result of migration or of
night growingP Do plants reverse when
carried across the line?
81. Who wrote "cogeto ergo sum" as
the beginning sentence of his greatest
work. What the bookP What its in
tent?
Ans. Descartes. 1t means 81 think,
therefore ann 1t begins his great
work "Meditations de Prima Philoso-
phia." 1t is philosophical work bas-
ing all knowledge on self consciousness
and existence.
Comments: To show that these uues-
tions are in line with progressive teach
ers. / copy this extract from an essay by |
Assistant Superintendent McNeill, of |
Kansas City, before the Greenwood |
club, December Is, 1893:
Bacon ana Describes" "Descartes
was great student. He read every
thing that had been written from the |
early dawn of history down to the time of
his attempt to get solid foundation for
a system of philosophy. He pondered
over the writings of Augustine and there
he found the flame to light his torch of
reason. Augustine taught as part of
his system that consciousness of our
own mental processes is the unmovable
foundation of all our knowledge. Our
very doubts imply the existence of a
doubter. Here is the base of DESCRIBES
splendid system of philosophy that has
kept the world thinking from his time
to this"
%. What is the purpose of the gov
eminent towers in Trego county?
Ans. The government towers in Ire
go county were built by the U. S. coast
survey. Here it is really a geodetic sur
vey. The object is by system of TRAN
gulation and trigonomstrical calculations
to accurately determine the form of this
A. Al L II .