New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-05-20


ing everywhere among the workingmen Of Spain
In February. 1873 the Republic proclaimed
and Socialist outbreaks became common through
out the country. At Seville the COmmunallsts
as they were called, were crushed Ivy the army
under General Pavia. General Martinez Campos
who soon TO strike the coup d'Atat which
brought back the monarchy. lid the same In
Valencia. Even so. in September Of that year
the Anarchist Coectivist Federation Of all
Spain was made up Of 27O local federatons COM
prising as many as 674 trades unions
Bakunin. during the course Of 1878, 10y calling
independently a congress Of the Intecnationale
in the name of his own schismatic Federation
Jurassienne, to which the Spanish n. enhers had
given their adhesion. succeeded in the meeting
at Geneva In finally dlslodging the General
Council which was the instrument of Earl Marx
BY the end OF the following year. owing greatly
TO the opposition of the various European gov
ernments. now seriously alarmed. the Interna-
tionale under It's original name and form practi-
caly ceased to exist. The Spanish Government
was already in full reaction toward the rcstora-
ton Of the monarchy On January g. 1874 It de-
clared the Spanish Federation illegal From that
date began the secret but steady and relentless
growth Of present-day Anarchism throughout
the manufacturing centres Of Spain.
The French Communists were mainly gath
cred In the suburb OF Barcelona called Pueblo
Seco-a quarter which is still known as Petite
France. 1t was soon understood that here revo-
lutionary agitators Of every dye from all couh-
tries would be made welcome. The Spanish code
was still unprovided with any law able to deal
efficiently with the publication OF the most ad-
vanced revolutionary sentiments; and the police
was mserably insufficient. Communism had
fallen on ground favorable 10 rapid growth
into Anarchy. With the advent Of Alfonso
XII as King repressive measures were adopted
but with no other effect than to star; up secret
societies In every centre Of workingmen. under
the guise OF clubs for scientific instructor and
mutual improvement. In 1878 the attempted
assassination Of the King by the cooper Mon
cas-, was attributed to Anarchists was the
similar crime OF Passamenu against King Hum
bert IN Italy and Of Modelling and Ioedel against
the old Emperor William In Germany. Hoedel
even labelled himself formally with the name OF
Anarchist.
In 1881. a congress was openly hei in BARGE
Iona 10 organize the Federation OF Iaborers or
the Spanish Region. This Is sometimes said TO
have been the first exclusively Anarchist con-
gross since here-fOr the first tne-thcre was
M question of fraternizlng even with those en-
treme revolutionary Socialists that stu ADMIT
some principle Of state authority. The latter.
equally with the Anarchists ware admitted 10
the International Socialist Revoluuonar" con-
gress held that same year In London. in tie vain
effort 10 reconsttute the nte'natonAle Nv
,,bat now seems an Inconsistency. 1t was this
,,ixod compress OF London which first officially
declared "the necessity Of joining the p'opa-
ganda by deed with the spread o: their uoc-
trlnes by word and writing u was af'er DIS
incendiarv dlscourses at the London congress
that Prince Krapotkin was expelled from S"l|-
or,a,a Four wears previously he had migrated
from Russian Nihilism to international nm
orchv and begun the publication OF is first or
gan In company with Paul Brou's" TIC iH"er
&c another disciple Of Bakunn and now. strange
.. cos. tho ,nildest Of Possbist Socialists. 1t
WAS Prince Krapotkin who shortly afterward
,,aucod tho members Of the parts 10 drop the
n,ord "CollectIvist" AT congress In raris'
a,so IN the same year. the Anarchists we're cutie
oxc,uded from the company II the lntcina-
tional Socialists.
In itself II is. perhaps. Of no great importance
u,bich assembly first clearly adopted inc P'i"O'
nles ~ Anarchy along with the pracu'e u '"'
vidual violence in their propagation II i e"'"'"
70 cav that the Congress Of Berne, when i'i-
lowed RakunIn's death In 1876. under IN" '"''i-
shin Of E1isee Reclus officially blamed 'ne RUNS
c,,,r,,pa ~ 1871 for constituting Itself INTO an
e-,,art,od government Maatesta. In the name
-, cha italian Federation. then declared the neceS-
etc.. % ,oinine the "insurrectional act 20 inc
o,her means OF propaganda. In 1878 the congress
~ Fr,bourg On Switzerland definitely. adop'en
m. nronositions Of Reclus explaining WHY ''
members were revolutionists. Anarchls's anu O''
,aa.,,.,s,.. and Il pronounced unanimously for the
collective appropriation OF social r'ches, 'e ""O
r,,or ~ the state under all It's forms. for insur-
nd
,ho ,se ~ the ballot as a mischievous instrument
,ncanable Of realizing the sovereignty OF inc
neonle" All these principles had been implanted
., Ct, 10, tho careful hand OF Peclus from the
beginning Of 1868. The Spanish delegates from
,ho, time on have had a strong influence In de-
,ar,,,nirq the orentation Of the movement But
I, u,as IN 1881 that the Spanish Federation Tor
tho ars, time in the new movement. posiuveN
shut ont all the weakened brethren who sun
chung TO Socialist organization and had not yet
utterly broken with all organized society
This congress also adopted those few PLAIN ana
highly practical measures which nave given I"
snanish Anarchists a cohesion little less close
than that Of a well-organized secret society
They still unite. group upon group al'er '"eI
favo,tt. model Of the wasp's nest; but the cells
have a more living connection with each other
than in France.
This first organization, which was slight In
itself and purely voluntary admitted local fed-
erations that united the various sections ana
oroups. II also allowed Of the mere informal
GROUPING Of individuals. In accordance with me
practice which had been universally adopted by
r. French comrades The Spanish form OF
federation also left each group free to manage It's
own affairs. The only centralizing was not in The
line OF authority but simply a matter OF mutual
communication to facilitate that close under
standing OF Anarchists among themselves which
must always be the life OF the movement IL
consisted In a federal committee OF correspond
ence among all the local groups. This had no
executive power beyond that OF taking the initia-
tive in the organizing Of new work and IN sum
moning the annual congress II also received me
money contributed for the expenses OF the dele
gates whom II recognized. without controlling In
any way their nomination, from the reports OF the