The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1894-04-07

attempt in this direction has just been
made in the construction Of Il machine.
for typew"iting music. The machine
looks like an ordinary typewriting ma
chine. after which it is modelled, the
frame, key levers, type bars and car
riagc being retained. Various mo(lifi-
cations are made SO as to adapt the
instrument to the change Of notation,
the carriage being shifted eldwise only
for different lines, octaves or notes,
and the paper is fed forward with
each stroke of the type The machine.
is intended either to be used with paper
already ruled OF to write its own staff
by repeating a fiye-lined character
Diffusion Of Water
There is great want of specific data
as to the extent to which diffusion
takes place in large bodies of water
and it's effect on sewage. Some use
full information can be gathered on this
subject from the report of l.. }. Clark.
read before the Canadian institute. In
order to meet the necessity of diSpOSing
more cffectually Of the sewage of To-
rOntO an investigation was ordered by
the city. The practical outcome OF this
investigation was to ascertain with
what degree Of safety sewage could be
deposited in Lake Ontario and in order
to decide this another factor of general
interest had to be determined, viz, the
effect of diffusion Oh sewage. To as
certain from actual tests how rapidly
diffusion and oxidation takes place. I'r.
Mackenzie, who superintended this part
Of the work, took samples of water in
a direct l;nc from the mouth of the
intake to the outlet Of the main sewer:
! in other words, in the path of the sew
age flow of the city The sample taken
within a little over half mile Of the
mouth of the sewer came within the
limits of tirst-class water, although the
wind at the time was, in such Il direc-
ton as would tend to carry the sewage
direct to the intake. A sample Of Wa
ter taken near the mouth of the sewer
showed a degree Of organic impurity:
by A1uter's scale Of IA per million
While tirst-claSs water should not show
above 22:o. 1OOths. ] t also Indicated ;s.s5
high as 40, 900 bacteria per cubic cent?
! meter; yet half a mile further on this
water was raised to a standard of first
! class purity. This shows the rapidity
and effectiveness of the purifying infiu-
e1lcc of water. and the city authorities
decided that there could be no possible
danger of communicating the public wa
ter supply if the sewage We're dis
charged into the lake at q distance
of six miles east Of the intake
New Street Car Fender and Shield
Among the great number of devices
that have been brought out fer tl,,.
purpose Of clearing obstacle; from
street car tracks, and protecting from
further injury persons who may have
fallen in front of. the car, is Il <1tI.
fender and shield which appears to full
Till very thoroughly the purpose for
which it was intended. The fender.
consists of Wire netting curved down
ward from the front and upward to
the rear to form a cradle. 1t is strong
ly attached to iron hangers. which
project front tho side of the car. and
swung by means Of loose rings on 4
rod stretched across the front of the,
car The front Of the cradle is :, IL
inches above the road rail. and carries
a shoulder on which is fixed three
quarter-inch shaft Upon this shaft an.
four loose 3-inch rollers, two to ride Oh
the rails and two intermediate Still
forward Of the shaft is the share, a
sheet metal plate. 5 inches wide and
faced with rubber betting a quarter
of an inch thick, which projects two
inches beyond the metal sheet. This
share is pivt ted, so that it can be fixed
at any angle, but ordinarily it is set
three-quarters of an inch above the
rail; in fact it would appear impossible
for any ordinary obstacle to pass under
it. From the upper edge Of the fender
a strong shield Of hand-wrought heavy
steel spring-Wire netting of pinch mesh
rises with convex spring and bears
against the car front. 1t is strength
end at the back with a strip of fiat steel
and half elliptic spring, and is de-
signed to take up the conclusion as
a body, tripped by the fender, is
thrown upon it.
Safety Switch for Railroad Cross
One of the burning questions of the
hour in electrical circles is how to Sc
cure greater immunity from accidents
IN the working of the trolley car, and
the earnestness with which the matter
is being discussed by the electrical
press would encourage the belief that
such a change is imminent in the sys-@
TENS Of braking and controlling the car
as will markedly contribute to the
greater safety Of the public in city
streets. There is, however, a class OF
electric car accidents for the prevention
of which no special provision has hith--
erto been made, namely, collisions with.
railway trains, and there is urgent
need that mes sures be taken with q
view to lessen the danger to the pub
lie from this cause. Pending the in
PRODUCTION of a better method, an Ohio
trolley road has adopted for all its
railroad crossings a switch which is SO
arranged that its setting necessitates
the crossing Of the track by the con
ductor. Unless this switch is set the
car cannot cross. and the fact that the,
conductor is obliged to run on to. the
track in advance of the car is likely
te materially reduce the risk of col
lision.