davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04

ABSCag RE
4nE nAaK or .I s..


3 Issft vi Fss aesa ptbf.E iea sses,
Dlszstel { ssses4 Ne tlaeks Are ehA1s
LosDr;, Jan a7ae Envsstefs 3
yiew id al article = = p Ely dr.
son, tie editor of that q, 30 IS Pzse
Of the best known sashorizez upon
finance, says:
the affairs Of e. 81 Eng sslEs
are allowed to drift Is heretofore sinee
The act Of 1916. it viii end in crisis
compared with which the Barring col
lapse viii dwindle into insigni6cance.
We are driven to the conclusion by the
result of many years close observation
of the bank, which has been forsaking
Its own published discount rate and
plunging into regions it does not under
stand. This draws second and third
class business whereby it sometimes
realizes nasty losses. .
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Nearly Jailed a Secretary Of state.

TOPEKA, Kan, Jan. g. Secretary of
State Osborne narrowly escaped going to
jail. Judge Hazen, in the district court.
in the libel case of Cyrus Leland of
Troy, Kan, against Osborne, sentenced
the defendant to $500 and costs. The
sheriff told Osborne he would have to put
himSip Jail unless the fine was paid.
Osborne and his friends hustled around
and had Hazen withdraw the sentence.
The attorneys for Osborne appear to
have been negligent in not having the
papers ready for an appeal. Osborne
intends to take the case to the supreme
fsnn1rf
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
wiseon.lr, Hsires. Rlonea

RACINE, Wis, Jan. 3.-Miss Charlotte
Davis, daughter of the late Captain
Davis, q. s. NJ, has treated Racine
social circles to a sensation by clipping
with J. r. McGann, Chicago business
man. The marriage took place at
Kenosha Friday, but was not generally
known until Tuesday. The bride is an
heiress, and it is said her marriage was
opposed by her relatives, she being but
II wears old a
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
srABBED BY a ToUGH.

The City Marshal at st. James, Mimi,
Probably Fatally Injured.
ST. JAMES, Mimi, Jan. 3.-Village
Marshal Reicplinger is in dangerous
condition, with slight chances of re-
covery, from a knife wound in the
throat inflicted by one G. S. Ingalls,, a
profigate sign painter. Ingalls, became
boisterous at dance in the village
hall and was removed by the
marshal, and he loitered outside
waiting for the marshal to come out.
When the marshal came out they met
at the corner of the street when ingalls,
Lunged at him with large pocket
knife and struck him under the left ear,
severing some of the arteries. Ingalls,
is in jail, and the knife has been found
where he threw it.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
obeyed the Call Of Mrs. Lease,

KANSAS CITY, Mo-, Jan. 13.-Tne Stars
Olathe. Kan, special says: All the
members OF the state board of charities
excepting Freeborn, appointed as Mrs.
Leases successor, responded to Mrs.
Leases call for meeting of the board at
Oiathe, instead of Winfield. Mrs. Lease
was present to preside as president of
the board. The other members do not
state whether they will recognize her
or not
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
FEpERAL Injections REPEAL.
Senator Hale Uhinhs the BIN VIM a
sneedtIv Passed nv the senate.


Senator Hale Uhinis the Bill VIII BE
Speedily Passed by the Senate.
WAsHINGToN, Jan. 8.-Senator Hale,
In conversation, said he thought the
senate would take up the federal cleo
tions bill soon after convening, sand,
he continued, II think twill be passed
with little delay and become law at an
early day, as there is no doubt that the
president will sign it.
..Will net the Republicans, . was
asked, make some effort to delay or
prevent passageg
'Islsy know It viii be impossible to
preyene Il, and they viii not undertake
to secure delay, Is that would accom-
plish nothing. With the first regular
session Of the congress only fairly begun
and the majority united upon
the policy of passing the bill,
any effort GA the part Of the
Republicans "a attempt TO accom-
pli1h lis defeat 81 dilaI0rF tactics would
% fnolhar1y. We Of course recognize
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Captured Fiye .Ja,l Rrealxors.

ST. PAUL, Jan. 8. The police authori-
ties have arrested all five of the burg
lars who broke Jail at Phillips, Price
county, Wis, week ago. Hastings
and johnson were arrested Sunday,
and William Longway and John MUIR
ray, alias Williams, were arrested at
the corner of Fourth and Robert streets
Monday. In the afternoon word was
received that John o'Brien, the only
member of the gang at large, had been
captured in South st. Paul and Detec-
tive Pothen, brought the prisoner here
for safe keeping.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04

the fact that the passage Of this bill is
something Of revolution, and that in &
way it marks the close of an era in the
nations legislative history. With the
repeal Of the election laws the last Of the
reconstruction legislation win be wiped
from the statute books. The Republi-
cans, of course, protest. There viii be
some speeches on the subject, enough to
make the position Of the party known,
and have the country understand the
situation, and who is responsible, but
we viii attempt nothing more. This is
one OF the legitimate results Of the Dem
ocratic victories of 1892, and will be ac-
cepted az such by the country
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Texas sheepmen, Discouraged.

SAN ANTONIO, Tex, Jan. 8. - The
sheepmen of West Texas are badly dis
couraged. A dispatch from Fort Stock
ton says conservative men estimate that
30 per cent of sheep in that section will
die the present winter, for there is moth
ing for them to eat except dead grass.
There is some water, but cowmen are
fencing and guarding it. The grass has
been killed by the frost. The sheepmen
are moving their herds toward Mexico,
and the cowmen say they will die before
the sheep will run over their ranges.
Both sides are armed and ready to shoot.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Sensational Phase Of 4 Failure.

ST. Louis, Jan. 3.--Another has been
added to the list of broken building and
loan associations here, the Blackstone,
Walter F. Mcintyre. president, and II.
w Lindhern, secretary, assigning to
Henry o. Sigmund. Inability to find
the books of the association or the secre-
tafy, Lindhorn, who has disappeared
and is believed to be in Chicago, puts a
sensational phase upon the affair.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Conference Ended.

ST. PAUL, Jan. 3.-The conference
between Northern Pacific engineers and
officials of the road has closed, but the
results were not given out. At II a. m.
the firemen will meet the officials. E. E.
Clark of Cedar Rapids, Ia, grand chief
of the Order OF Railway Conductors, has
arrived in the city from Chicago.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
KANSAS COLLISION.
Four Reported KILLED and Four Injured
Near IaxyrencevjIIe

Four Reported Killed and Four Injured
Near LawrencevilIe.
LAWRENCE. Kan, Jan. "a freight
train on the Rock Island crashed into a
Union Pacific freight 10 miles east Of
Lawrence about o'clock a. m. The
Union Pacific caboose, passenger car,
a carload of lumber and a carload of
hogs were burned Five railroad EN-
ployes were hurt and one passenger on
the Union Pacific train is missing. The
Rock Island engine was smashed and
afterwards caught fire, but no further
damage was done to that train.
A later report says that four were
killed and four injured, two probably
fatally.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
prisoners Fron, resas.

BRooKLYN, Jan. S.--Forty United
States prisoners were brought up from
Paris, Tex, in charge of United States
Marshal II. A. Dickson and eight depu-
ties and lodged in the Kings county
peniteptiary, which has contract now
for taking United States prisoners,
Among the number are two Indians and
two negroes. They are ell serving terms
for horse stealing and feionIes.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Reoeiver For am Investment Comnanx.

CHICAGO, Jan. 3.Judge Grosscup of
the United States circuit court has
placed the American Building, Loan
and Investment company in the hands
Of a receiver, the action being taken at
the request of the president and board
of directors. Insolvency is confessed,
with liabilities of 5000, 900 and assets of
&7OO. 900.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Dunn Likely to Die.

HERMosA, S. D., Jan. 3.-Frank
Dunn, who shot and killed Dick Curtis
at Folsu1n last Wednesday, is himself
likely to die from the wounds he re-
ceiyed in that encounter, having. been
shot in the abdomen, face and shoulder.
The coroner's inquest, held ON the body
of Dick Curtis, found that the shooting
on the part of Dunn was Unsuitable, aa
Curtis was the aggressor.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Will use Warrington Fir.

TACOMA, Wash, Jan. 3.-Eyery inch
Of wood that goes into the Illinois state
university, to be erected at Urbana,
Ills, will be Washington fir. The build
ing will cost $4,000. The st. Paul
and Tacoma Lumber company has been
awarded the contract for furnishing the
timber.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
pnhlic n1aa,n.s ro.,,,.,,.,

DELANo, Mimi. Jan. 3.-Quite num-
Der of cases of liphtheria are reportedin
this town, and the schools are both
closed. The board Of health has forbid
den all public meetings and enacted
very stringent regulations to prevent its
spread. Two deaths have occurred,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Cholera RACES.

ST. PETERSBURG, Jan. 3.--Cholera is
raging in this city and in several of the
schools, the st. Nicholai school for
instance, the pupils have been dis
missed. The government has decided
not to grant concession to the syndi-
cate ofnaphtha manufacturers.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Beat the sharifr and Esoaped.

GREENvMLE, Ills, Jan. 9.-Four
prisoners escaped from Jail here after
beating Deputy Sheriff J. Wright SO Sc
-verely thai Lis lite is despaired of. The
weapons used were passed in by a
negress in Jail on charge of murder
but who has been trusty.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
oyerruled by TuthilI.

CHICAGO, Jan. 3.-Judge Tuthill in
the Coughlin trial oFerruled the objec-
ton of the defense to the introduction of
testimony 0. the eonvers 4tioa. and ac-
tions of the alleged conspirators other
than Coughlin.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Leaass.I 70 aTinasa,.,,. p.-.,..

JORDAN, Nina. Jan. s.yThs feuS
mill at this place has been leased to
eapolistparties, the lease going into
effect Tuesday. The mill was built last
summer by company composed Of .
number of our enterprising citizens. but
the business so far has not proved to be
q profitable one,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Shot Hlmsslf Bsneath the Arm.

PALEEM,3, . n. d -Ll> lots caused
by the popu. al ieei-l4g against the octroi
duties levied upon lood, etc, entering
the various towns, conii4ue in many
parts of s. ". There Wert disturbances
Monday at Petra P rz4 IS s.cca, Forno,
Salemi, Ci.: % clio al AIazara and
Mazara delio VALID. In some cases the
violence OF the mobs was SO great that
bayonet cnllges upon the part of the
troops in or.ier to protect the property
of the different municipalities, were
-nacessary
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Iron Comnanx Assiens.

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 3.-The assign
ment of the Montgomery Iron company
of Mt. Kenyon to the Guarantee Trust
company of Harrisburg, has just been
announced. The liabilities are placed at
1886. 900.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
KILLED OFFICERS.
Thirty Miners From Frazier, Ia, Go
to Dayton to Break Up
Dance.
They Fatally Wounded DE citB
Marshal and a Deputy Eleven
In Jail.
The City Marshal at st. james, Minn,,
Probably Fatally Stabbed by
a Tough.

Dies MONIES, Jan. IA dispatch from
Fort Dodge says 30 miners came from
Frazier to Dayton, broke up dance
and fatally wounded the city marshal
and deputy. Eleven of the rioters are
now in iail.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
To Dynamite a Mayor.

OAKLAND. CAL, Jan. S.-The authori
ties here and in San Francisco are con-
siderably excited over an alleged plot to
kill Mayor Pardee of this city by dyna-
mite. The motive is said to be found in
the veto of an ordinance which the
mayor considered i'll gal.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Free Coinaee sLrlka,

CRIPPLE CREEK, Colo. Jan. 3.--Ore
which assays from 81 $40 to $1,000 per
ton has been found IN the Free Coinage
mine in cross cutting rom the bottom
of shaft 175 1eet III d ltn. Tie Free
Coinage is located east q. the burns, on
Bull mountain
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
silycr Advances In Price.

WASHINGTON Nov, s. The treasury
department advices are that silver con.
tinues to advance in London. and Tues
day was quoted at SO 9-16d, an advance
of S-19d since Monday.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Execut,ya Con-, ro,,taa Ma.

CHICAGO, jim. 8 The executive COM
mittee of the Brotherhood of Railway
Employees met in secret session here to
consider the question of the Northern
Pacific railway troubles. The outcome
Of their delib rations unknown.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Sd. panl CnlLl.rs wan.

AILwAuKEE, Jan. 3.-st. Paul carried
eff all honars IN The curling match with
the MilwaaAee teams, Waning both the
Mitchell and The 4lls gisc snedals, the
former W q score II 81 TO =, and the
latter y a score "a 81 % u
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
santenoad : nIn !,

SAGINAW, Mich, Jan. William
Palmer, who has had four trials for the
murder of his brother, Albert, has been
sentenced to jackson for % years,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
GOT AN ANAHolIrsr CHIEF.

epAnish Police Succeed In Capturing saI-
vAdor Franoh After Long Chase.
MADRID. Jan. 3.-Irhe police have
been looking for Salvador Franch. an
anarchist leader, ever since the Lyceo
theatre bomb throwing lie was finally
located in respectable house at Sara
gosss, and the house was completely
surrounded BY police IN clsi4e:ls citth-
ing, Slowly Int surely the net was
closed, the police entered the house UNI
obset ved, ard i numb ro ia nld +
ing ne q
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Plnnrer walton Aasiena.

NEW York, Jan. 8. Francis Theodore
Walton, known as "Plungern Walton,
lessee of the Grand hotel at 1884 Broad
way, made an assignment to Charles L.
Walton, with preferences amounting to
5000, 900. Poor business caused tho
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Chicago Live StocIx.

CHICAGO. Jan. 2, 1891.
CATTLE In fair demand, with prices
rather stronger. No extIa steers herr. COM
mon, S37sG450.
HOG - rifle lower than Monday. htit some
stronger than Saturday. Rough heayS, "a 10
@i.9t packers and mixed, $a.ssl5Sp; t,ri,hae
heavy, s5.3 G9..4 light, $50 1e40
SHEER AND LAMBS STEADY. Top silesp.
$s93,5u top lambs, SieBss
Receipts: Cattle, 9, %; hogs. 29,Oo9; sheep,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Judge Wnkin injured.

81. PAUL, Jan, 3.-Judge Wilkin,
whose advanced age has rendered hinl
feeble, was quite badly shaken up by
falling on the pavement at the corner of
Fifth and Robert streets. No serious
consequences from the effects Of the ac-
cidenf are feared.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Iron yvorlrs - R..nna.

j 81. LOUIS, Jan. 3.--It is reported that
the Tudor Iron works at East st. Louis,
Ills, are about to resume operations in
full.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Refused Denver Bonds.

Denver, Jan. "A New York firm
has refused 800. 900 city b nds they con-
tracted for. The reason given is the ex-
ira session of the legislature.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Three wore KiIled.

BosToN, Jan. 3.-Three men were
killed and several injured by the prema-
ture explosion of a>blast at Townsend
and Washington streets, in the Roxbury
district.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
brought In Game.

DlcR1NsoN. N. D., Nov. aeovernor
Sshoftssage and other state officials, who
have bss1 hunting 10 days north of Dick
insons cane il With q Iced Of deeys
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04

ing hlnl
though tea su "a s, a Y - /
and was upon the ptlIt OF kiln; ttie
leaderof ths poles ,1.a he raj IDLY
changed his sd. ana tur Ia the piss
tol towards ii own rigAt side, he
Shot Himself Beneath the Arm.
j This movement, however, had been
noticed by the police and they grappled
! with him in time to- prevent the an
archist from killing himself, though the
bullet which he fired into his side pene-
trated his chest, but the leaden missile
came out again three inches from the
spot where it entered bis chest.
A terrible struggle between the police
men and the anarchist followed, two
officers of the number being covered
with blood by the time they were able
to reduce the desperate man to anything
like subsection. When this was done
the police began to search their captive,
believing him to be too weak from loss
of blood to make any further effort to
take his life. In this, however, they
| were mistaken, for French, watching
@@AS OpROAtohAGyf
Drew Tiny PhiaI of Poison
from secret pocket, and before the
police could prevent him he had placed
it to his lips. This motion was noticed
by the police who were searching him
and they succeeded In knocking the
bottle of poison from his mouth. When
taken before the magistrate the be-
hayior OF the prisoner was desperately
violent. He struggled with his captors
and continued his anarchist threats and
curses and loudly avowed his completely
In the Lyceo theatre outrage.
Expressing Fiendish Regret
that more people were not killed and
that he was not able to carry out further
and more Dloody outrages. This seemed
to be the prisoners only regret, as he
cursed and swore, claiming that the ex-
listing state of society must be de-
stroyed even if the people had to wade
in blood in order to do so.
After the prisoners preliminary exam
nation before the magistrate, he was
placed in the doctors hands, and almost
immediately reduced to state of iEsen-
siLnlty, in order that efforts might be
made to safe his bite in the interests of
justice. The examination OF the doctors
showed that his wounus were more dam
gereus than at fist supposed, though it
Is believed hat enc physicians will sue
ceea In saylss his life.
As soon as rr nch 5 BILE to be moved
he will be conveyed u41ser d sGrong es-
cort to Balc siana where ms trial will.
tax plsee a. = seyelsl hdssg $, first of
ws.isa4 Val - comple t., a .sly con-
fes5e>t, IN a 20 i ol4.rs.ge.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Cold at Rome.

ROWE, Jan. 3.-The weather here has
been intensely cold. Snow tell heavily
all night,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
minneapolis areln.

SfISEsAPoEEs. jazs = icl
WHEAT January closing, haze Nay evan
ing. Gi1Se: higlss>t. 1889 lowest olesspSe.
close. osS4c. July opening, 6s14c; highest. Szlzs
close 6s1zc, On 1rack-So. hard. Tic. lii I
Northern, 69S4c: No. 3 Northern. sc.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
Entitled to Be Heard

upon any proposed order of the court
which would affect the whole
body of employees. If, after a
full hearing and consideration, I
found that it was necessary,
equitable and best: to reduce the scale Of
wages, would give the employees ample
time to determine whether they would
acceptSor reject the scale. IF they re-
jected it, they would not be enjoined
from quitting the service Of the court
either singly or In a body; IN other
words, would not enjoin them from
striking; but if they made their election
to strike would make it plain to them
that they must not, they quitting the
service of the court, interfere with the
property of or the operation of the road
or the men employed to take their
places!
GA United States court can very
readily find the means to effectually
protect the property in its possession
and the persons in its employ. have
in one or two instances pursued the
policy have indicated, and the differ
ences were satisfactorily adjusted"
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
LATEST MARKET PRICES.
sInwaulsee Grain.

aIiLwAUKEs. JAN. :, 1894.
WHEAT-Lower. TO. ., sscs No. North-
ern, &c; May, 6s14c.
C0RN4Steady. No. 8. a4s<c.
oATs-steady. No swhits, S0c; No. white
BAKLET-Sominal No. :. s4,kc sample.
86649sSc.
RYE-Lower. No. i. 47lSc.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04

RIeIIi0ND a. Charles
sO'Ferr Il Nss Ha;.l sated governor Of
Virginia Mussl.sy Mel grand po1np and
ceremony. -
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04

and was upon the ptli.ft OF kiIlins Che
ieaderof thy poles aa he raiidig
changed his Id ana fur lac the pls-
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1894-01-04
RosroN,s RLAzE.
The Globe Theatre and Other Buildings
Destroyed--Loss About s36O,OO0.

The Globe Theatre and Other Buildings
Destroyed-Loss About $3.50, 900.
Boston, Jan. 3.-For the second time
in its history the elegant Globe theatre,
now owned by Mr.. John Stetson and
occupied temporarily by th,A Hanlons'
Superba company, has fallen . victim
to fire. At one time it seemed as If q
repetition Of Boston's typical big fires
was imminent. But by good manage
ment on the part of the fire department
the loss was restricted to the theatre
building, the brick structure adjoining
called the Globe cafe and in a large de-
gree the new building owned by the
Harvard college trustees on the north
west corner of Washington street and
Hayward place, and the building owned
by the Bryant & Stratton college on the
south side and the R. 3. Allen clothing
store. About $55O,o0O is estimated as
the total loss.