The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-09-23
NOTES ON SCIENCE AND IND UsrR r.

many that equals the American white birch IN
the manufacture of pegs. The process OF manu-
facture is simple. a four-foot stick Is shaved Of
its bark and sawed into blocks the required
length Of the peg: the knots and dead wood are
cut out with a pressure .auger, and then the
thin wheel Of wood Is ready for the cutting aud
splitting machines; one operator thrusis two or
more blocks into the jaws Of the cutter and
splitter at a time. and the manufactured article
comes out on the other side to be brushed right
and left. according TO- quality. INTO barrels The
and bleached white and firm. II Is no uncom-
mon thing to secure thirty bushels OF fine pegs
from q cord Of white birch, and sometimc9 q
much larger quantity.
Some remarkable claims arc put forth In behalf
OF Prof. Austen's new promoter for the more ac-
curate measurement OF high temperatures. 1t
Is a thermo-junction Of platinum and OF plati-
mum alloyed with rhodium, this being attached
to a galvanometer; the spot Of light from
its mirror Ia received on n revolving drum GOV.
cred with scnsitized paper. The curves exhibited
give a Neutrality-suspicious. record of the yaria-
furnaces smelling iron. In this way It Is posi-
BILE TO account for the variations In the working
o oIa tapse o la rSrs s,f To svois ,S sea oce oy 1psSf, ny s reS6,
variatiations. also TO effect, economies of fuel,
which II is anticipated will attain very. large
proportions, proving, II Is claimed, to be of great
Industrial Importance In conducting this branch
ot metalurgy.
Iroreign Journals describe an ingenious I'm
?rovement in shuttles, by means Of which n
simpler method Of threading the yarn through
the shuttle eye is practicable, obviating the
usual practice Of drawing the thread through
the eye by suction. The arrangement consists
m forming The shuttle eye Of a piece OF wire,
with a loop or eye coiled or twisted in the CEN
tire, placed across the shuttle. in combination
with a bridge piece, over which the yarn passes
as II leaves the nose OF the cop and by which It
Is guided to the eye. The bridge piece is In the
front nf the shnftlp paQ IN dIraCt .hR vuru from
ils shuttle peg 70 the eye, being also
on the yarn as 1t passes from the cop; the eye
wire is placed horizontally near the top or upper
effected by passing the yarn around the bridge
piece and then over and around the eye piece,
formed between the coils Of the wire. This plan
Of threading is not only more expeditions than
ssse G5ialn%b5l,.y p IN s1sse; Of su dr GSSI swa oy w suekI ine
the thread through bv the mouth.
The Austrian Society of Engineers recently
conducted experiments with a view to determin-
ing the composition OF mortar best adapted to
work. and to remain in permanent and effective
condition when mixed and laid during freezing
weather. The experiments were made first with
brick masonry, and second with rubble masonry,
two kinds OF stone being used for the purpose,
everything was dry and free from snow and Ice.
ana the mortar was mixed as stiff as possible;
Tx iiIits anu 'tihthtS WITH VI ttsltu III u
municipal experimental station, according TO
the established and reliable system OF the So
ciety. The conclusions OF the investigating
committee. as briefly summarized. are. that in
brick masonry. laid In frosty weather. mortars
mot be used Roman cement mortars bebuTe
fairly well under such conditions. and Portland
cement mortars gave good results; the use OF
ance TO frost. With rubble masonry. using
entirely out OF place. and Roman cement NOR
tar gave unsatisfactory work unless mixed with
salt; the Portland cement mortar behaved well,
especially with the addition of salt. Under all
the circumstances presented by these various
the final recommendation Of the is
that in laying brick or rubble masonry in win
ter, to use only Portland cement mortar. mixed
with salt II possible.
For the more easy and efficient treatment OF
fax and hemp, some new machinery has been
devised by a London inventor. for which great
advantages are claimed. The retted material is
first fed to a breaker, which in this case consists
Of a feed table and delivery table, with five pairs
OF rollers carrying the material from the first
table 10 the second the earlier rollers acting as
feed and breaking rollers, being deeply huted,
and The brittle straw becomes broken into short
pieces by passing between them. To clear IL OF
ming at fifteen times the surface speed OF the
feed rolls, the flutes In these rolls varying in
rolls. which are driven independently-the ac-
tion OF these rollers being to detaoh all the
easily removed BY the deep flutes and others
by the shallow ones, while a pair of delivery
rollers carries the cleaned hbres forward on 10
the delivery board, from which they are re-
moved by hand. An adaptation To what is
known as rhea fibre consists in transferring the
ling Carrier by %ihiGcs il nis & passed over comSias
rollers that gradually straighten 1t and take out
wide-pitched pins where they commence TO deal
with the hbre, gradually changing TO tne, close
pitched pins at the other end.
An improved quartz crusher, capable OF treat
ing one and a half 10 two tons Of rock In eight
hours, is being introduced. The machine Is de-
scribed as a simple adaptation OF a Onc-stamp
mill. the only difference between II and the
battery being in the formation and
construction of the box, which in this instance
is cylindrical. and made Of one-quarter-inch
boiler plate iron instead Of cast metal, and is in
sections, strongly bOlted together at the
angle joints. A cast-steel shafting passes YER
lower end OF which is attached a stamp head,
the upper end being connected by shRckle and
thsin top 20 OF En- the Sssr eyiindeE sprib% aite beam a cI to
culAr iron plate, upon which man stands 70
action to the stamp: the stamp head isot chilled
steel and weighs about zoo pounds, the total
weight Of the machine altogether being in the
parts are constructed of cast steel. and every
hing about the crusher j. arranged IN sGcha
AhAN NA1N ~ Aoh ~ ~ sAAA AAAA - W
taken apart and as easily reerected.
An ingenious inventor claims 10 have devised
\ lamp wick which. being made entirely OF clay.
give some 25 per cent. more light than tho
cotton article. It is, as descrii II, made capil-
larry by Incorporating with thss az. while in a
state, hlRments OF unspun vegetable
ibre. which are burned out In the process Of
baking, the object being 20 provide an indie
wick which shall POSSESS all the adj
Eantageous qualities Of an ordinary cotton or
ibTe wick, and shall also last an indefinite
ength Of time, without renewal or necessity OF
trimming or other care. When the clay Is baked
he vegetable hbre Is burned out leaving capil-
AIRY tubes running lOngitudinally through the
through which the oil from the lamp
sill be raised 70 the name by capillary attrac-
.ion; 0wing to the perfect combustion oLths
odOr, and smokeless.
the most recent method OF applying phOtog-
Apply 70 textile fabrics, as = substitute for the
usual process with engraved rollers. Is said 70