The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-11-25
THE SUN, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1894

into the new state Of life habits and instincts
useful TO the old. The turning. round OF, 4 DOG
e oerO tsa y g0 rsog II IN s. Isd SS ~" acton gPpoS OF 4 cat when
before q warm fire. have. been. noticed before.
But II NAV be remarked that when 2 cat takesa
habit acquired by the Wild animal 20 shake
OIL blood drops and any adherent grit obtained
an entirely useless performance in the case OF Q
domestic cat fed on cooked meat In . carpeted
room. Ducks which arc kept away. from, q
pond will, when IL rains, or when they hear the
splashinR. of water, repeatedly raise, anu lower
ton which they use whenin the water in order to
throw the water over their bodies TO wash them
selves; Ducks delight in water, and eonse.
associated with pleasure. Thus they feel pleas
ure when they are let out after confinement
pleasure they express by going through
the washing m~ovements.in fact the as
have become q conventional expression Of pleas.
ure Of any, kind. Young lambs VIII mount
were .dwellefs in mountainous countries. We
ourselves when we wish to express scOrn, OF
T rona ~ or anger, drsw up our up s ,x;,h Which
our monk ey ancestors were wont 70 fight. as has
frequently been pointed out. Babies, when
indignation draw the mouth into q Uusdrate
shape This peculiar sci, Of the mouth in
the renson for. il does not seem to have
been grasPcd. It arises. however, from the fact
that crying Ia associated with anger. that in
anger the fighting instinct is dominant, that the
fighting instinct leads to u display of weapons
Of our n snnes,o ,Ss ,ysre nnnI IfSr,m teeth in the
upper and under jaws. IL may be observed that
the lips Of q crying baby mouth ore so disposed
rs TO exactly display the caninifOrfn teeth as
much rs. possible; but here comes the curious
part OF the whole matter II. young baby shows
than older children. yet 1t has no teetl, to dis
play, for the teeth are not TO be seer
for a definite purpose. persisted in nftcrwarG
when no means are available for fulfilling, the
n narpIisti snf IN end psrs5Tsoo Of Y The Ue' @eapon display
with anger. For II newly born baby to retract
tn, aS,c corners G[ The \ lips IN order to eTT p2 tssin
futile process; yet Il shows In an cxtraordinary
reason for u acquire ment had passed away.
From sadness To joy IL Il very welcome transi-
ton; and consequently. Il few remarks upon the
method OF expressing pleasure will not %unsuita-
by follow those on the expression OF pain. 10
qucntly draw mp and wrinkle the nose the while
they elevate the upper lip so as tocxpose the teeth,
the SANE action may bo noticed in terriers TO
children It is n remarkably common feature. II
is not general among adults; but when IL Is a
formation Of o%bliquely transverse burrows each
side Of the nose, and so,Givesto the face q definite
and somewhat amiable expression. which may
degenerate into an unfortunate popularity.
The origin of this expression does not seem to
rather a desire to sniff in as much as possible.
Animals derive. their greatest pleasures
from the satisfaction of the sexual Ian. and
ated with such satifaction would become
pleasing, because they would suggest
pleasant. then, to inhale such ods-s, as the odor
Of II good dinner is pleasant to a hungry man
about to enjoy II. and he expresses his. satisfac-
ton by shifts. The rapid repetition OF n series
OF shifts In succession: necessitating certain con-
been the initiation OF that expression of delight
called Laughter" which consists in a series OF
quick convulsivc stomachic movements coupled
with certain cultural cacklings.
WHY MAN LEvATEs HIS EYEBROWS.
What might be called the genesis OF our ex-
prcssions, or their historical development
in the phyletic series to which mar belongs;
It in his Expression OF the Emotions" but.
though he has collected a great store OF most
which he formed in connection Herewith are
sometimes not so satisfactory rs they should
e Df; r OF antiihssis aU Which chs it af i SSd no ties I IN a
note to the second edition page 90 has
not met with much acceptance; This can
quirement and development which the OAR
a further consideration of this subject, more
than to say that. like other animals, children's
perverted inheritance OF sexual instinct. Love
and war. which played such important parts
mark upon children's actions t~o-day-an infu-
ence which can be easily discerned, though 1t
~ 49,
establishment may be traced to the de-
sire of prehuman ancestors to erect the
hair. in order to make themselves as big as
possible, and therefore formidable to their
foes. II habit which animals constantly exhibit
when they are suddenly startled. IL is the noii-
me-idIDerc principle. sometimes practised with
good cause, but al, other times being the merest
bluff" a yeritable trading under false pre-
fences. 1t is to this practice of erecting the
hair that we owe the involuntary expression
during extreme tcrror-that of the hair stand
ing On end with fright. by disuse we have lost
the voluntary power to control the muscles
which perform the function OF erecting the
hair; but the involuntary power still remains.
such seems to be the explanation; at any rate,
involuntary erection of the hair during terror Is
a well-known fact. treated OF by Darwin.
Enough has been said 10 show that the char
acters and habits of children afford every sup
port to the eyolutionist; that what Is quite unin-
telligible and ever antagonistic to any idea, Of
special creation becomes. significant and full of
meaning in the light OF the doctrine Of gradual
development; that the actions of children when
rightly interpreted tell their own tale. and may
ftly be compared to ancient monuments of pre-
historic times; lastly. that the human infant is
an interesting object of scientific research, and
that even n cross baby should be calmly con-
:. $. BUcKMAN.