davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
THE SILK WORMS NEW RIVAL.
Wood Pulp Changed Into the Finest Silk
 by New invention.

Dy q NSH lHESAt4On'
 The Chardonnet process for convert ing wood pulp into silk bids fair to revolutionize things in the cloth man. ufacturing business, if it can once be proved to be practical in all respects. Consul LComiS. of St. Etienne. thinks that this question has been answered in the affirmative by II. de Chardonnet, who has built a mill at BeSancOn, where the silk is now being manu- factured. The raw material is made from wood pulp, which, according to the New York Tribune, is carefully dried in an oven and plunged into mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids, then washed several times in water and dried by alcohol. The product thus prepared is dissolved in ether and pure alcohol, and the result is col lodion, similar to that used in phoEog- raphy. This collOdion, which is sticky and viscous, is inclOsed in solid recep- tacle, furnished with filter in the lower end.
 The air pump sends compressed air into the receptacle, and by it's pressure the collodiOn is passed through the fil- ter, which removes all impurities and flows into tube placed horizontally. This tube is armed with three hundred cocks, of which the spouts arc made of glass and pierced by a small hole of the diameter of the thread of cocoon as it is spun by the silk worm. The spin ner opens the cock, and the collodion issues in thread of extreme delicacy Lit takes six to make thread of the necessary consistence for weaving). This thread is not, however, fit to be rolled on the srools by reason of its viscosity and softness; the matter is as yet collodiOn and not silk.
 To produce the necessary hardness, the inventor rcsorted to very ingGn- ious but simple method. The little glass tube already mentioned is sur rounded by small reservoir of tho same material constantly filled with water. When the thread issues from the aperture in the manner described it traverses this water, which takes up the ether and alcohol and then the col lodion becomes solidifed; that is to say, it is transformed into an elastic thread as resisting and brilliant as or dinary silks. On account of the ma terials employed the stuff manufac- tured was found to be dangerously in- fammable-it original cOmbustibility being at the alarming rate of two cen timeters a second. MT. LOomis says that NJ. de Chardonnet has apparently removed this difficulty "by plunging the spun thread into solution of ann monia, thus rendering it as slow of combustion as any other material
 The consul added: ''This discovery seems to have great future. l have talked with great men, silk merchants, brokers, dyers and men who manu- factured silk goods about the Chardon- net method of producing raw silk from wood, and it is universally admitted that the process will eventually yield large practicable and profitable re- sults."
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
HE TIPPING EVIL.
It Cannot Be Stopped, Says a New Yorl
 Man About Town.

It Cannot Be Stopped, Says New York
 Man About Town.
 q see." remarked a wcll-known man about town the other day, to a New York Herald reporter, that we are in the midst of another of those periodic outbreaks against tipping, but 1t won't make bit of difference; tipping will go on just the same. Some few people will conceive the notion that as mat ter of principle they ought to refrain from tipping and they will try it for a few days and then will conclude that for the sake of their own peace of mind they'd better tip. They'll continue confirmed 'tippers' for the rest of their days.
 ''The fact is it requires more courage to rebel against the tipping system than it does to revolt against almost any other social custom. l know whereof I speak, for I've been there,' and I'll just tell you how it works. When you withhold the usual tip you become painfully aware that the wait CT thinks you are frightfully mean. You would like to explain to him that you are only making noble and heroic fight for principle, but of course that is out of the question. Now, noth- ing hurts mans pride so much as to feel that somebody thinks him mean. He could better endure being thought a gambler or 'brnco steerer,' or a man who didn't pay his debts. You become afraid to look that waiter in the face. Next time you dine sone7 where else, and again incur the odium of undeserved contempt. You don't get hardened to it; you hate it worse each time, and after it has gone on three or four days you just say to your self: Hang itr-or something else this thing has got to stop. I can't stand having people think I'm mean when I ain't; devil take the principle of the thing!' Then you resume tip ping and are happy once more."
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
HER DRESSMAXER'S BILL.
The Novel Expedient Besorted to by the Daughter Of a Millionaire.

The Novel Expedient Besorted to by the Daughter Of Millionaire.
 s The daughter of retired millionaire has an allowance of three thousand dollars year for pin money. Out of it she is expected to pay for her clothes and other personal expenses, such as gloves, candy, books and matinee tickets. One would imagine that she could manage to squeeze along on her income, particularly as she had no board to pay. But she didn't. In fact, she found herself very heavily in debt to her dreSSmaker one fine morning. She struggled on few months, accord ing to the Minneapolis Tribune, keep ing her trouble to herself and trying to economize. Finally crisis was reached. She had nothing to wear' and could not order any new dresses without paying something on account. To make the matter worse the dress maker began pressing her for her money. She went'to her father. He re- fused to help her. She appealed to her brother. He sympathized with her, but he could do nothing, as hewas deeper in debt than his sister. Then she went again to her father. This is substan- tially what this cruel parent said:
 No, my child; will not help you pay any of your debts. Your allow ance is large enough to supply you with everything you require. If you go beyond it you must suffer the con- sequences. Go to your dressmaker and arrange to pay your bill out of your future allowance. In the meantime you have all the clothes sanyreasonable being could wear for a year. Let this be 8 lesson to you"
 Did the young woman take her fathers advice? Not bit of it. When she found that tears and entreaties would not move him she took counsel with some of her relatives and friends. The result is that private entertain ment has been arranged for the bene- fit of the poor unfortunate millionaire's daughter. All her friends are expected to buy tickets, and the proceeds will go toward iquidating the hated dress makers biu. Perhaps if the father would hear about it he would veto the proceedings. For that reason it is not well to mention her name, except to say that she is a member of the Four Hundred, and that this is true tale
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
RAILWAYS IN THE TROPICS.
Hard % Keep the Rapidly-GTOwing Foli-
 age from Becoming an Obstruction.

Hard % Keep the Rapidly-GrOwing FoIi-
 age from Becoming an Obstruction.
 Not only is the first cost of railway construction in tropical countries very heavy, but the annual maintenance of way is expensive to a degree which can not be appreciated by those who have had no experience in this connection. The Antioquia railroad, in Colombia, says Charles r. Yeatnan, in the En- gincering Magazine, cost in a single year, for repairs of track and bridges. g., 2,26G per mile. The Cauca railroad, in the same year, cost S3, ,S3S per mile. These two roads are in Colombia. and are sometimes mentioned either as future feeders of the Pan-American railroad, or parts of its main line. On the Antioquia road, if the under growth were cut at the beginning of the rainy season, less than two months rain was sufficient to form an arch of green trees thirty feet high, leaning over the track so as to shade it com plctely.
 The constant change from drynesG in the day to soaking moisture at night, even in the dry season, would soon ruin the best timber, but nature furnishes a still quicker means of getting rid of it, in the shape of an ant or wood-louse, which is careful not to mar the outside of his domicile. but will patiently honeycomb the inside, until what looks like solid twclvc-by- twelve stick is but shell from cne- eighth to one-fourth inch thick. filled with dust and ants. The native tim Der suffered so much from the inroads of these pests that, upon hearing that yellow pine was used in Panama tc avoid them, trial of it was made or the Antioquia road, Georgia pine ha6 to be shipped by way of New York, at Q cost of nearly S1G0 per 1.C00 feet. board measure. when put in place When I left there the first of ny vel low pine trestles was being replaces It had been built less than tour years.
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
THREE E1ILLlON BACHELORS.
That's What tho Census Shows and Iti
 Time Some Eepented.


 According to the last census reports there are over three million bachelors in the United States, by which is meant there are three million men over thirty years old who have never been married.
 This fact, Of course, furnishes a very handy text for all sorts of comment and suggestion. Now and then the scheme is advocated of making neglect of matrinony a statutory offcnse, either by way Of tax discrimination in favor of married parties CT otherwise.
 In earlier times, says the Boston Globe, marriage was compulsory. The great world cCnqucrOrS wanted mate rial for their armies, and so heavy pen altics were laid on neglect to marry
 One interesting question which the census figures do not answer is this: ''How many of these three million bachelors are single from choice rather than necessity?'
 The factors affecting the ability to support a wife have been very much changed under the newer industrial and commercial condition. Sc great has become the competition for places among the higher pursuits, and so large ly have women come to fill positions once exclusively occupied by men, that the bureaus of industrial statistics show Q larger and larger percentage of men in these pursuits whose incomes, from their point of view, will Tot per init them tO marry
 It is easy to scold the young men in this mGtter-ouite as easy to find fault with the young women who are look ing out for husbands with plenty of ready money. But there is nothing in the published census figures regarding the averag ge earnings of certain classes Of workers which at all warrants the conclusion that tho majority of these three million unmarried men remain single through willfulness rather than what they deem necessity.
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
AN INDIAN SHAMPOO.
How the Arizona Aborigines Dress Their
 Hair a Ia Adobe.

How the Arizona AboriSines Dress Their
 Hair a Ia Adobe.
 eff by any chance one of our Arizona Indians should go into barber shop and ask to have his hair dressed he'd run out of the shop when he discovered the barber's way of dressing hair" ," said an Arizonian. ''The Indians out there, both men and women, are very fond of a shampoo, but don't believe their way will ever become popular among white folks. Both sexes wear their hair long, reaching nearly to the waist, and cut square across. Now they wouldn't think of such thing as touching those raven locks of theirs with brush or comb. When the Ari- zona Indian feels that his hair wants doing up he makes thick paste of the adobe soil and water. He winds his hair tightly about his head and smears it from his forehead to the back of his neck with a plentiful supply of the paste, so that his head looks as if it were in plaster mold, for the clay is gray and sticky. He lets the adobe cast get perfectly dry, and then cracks it off his hair, which comes from under this novel shampoo clean, smooth and glossy. The women dress their hair in the same way"
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
INDUSTRIAL INSTABILITY
The Effect Of Invention Upon Un-
 skilled Labor.
As 8 Consequence of New Mechanical App pliarces Domestic Servants Have Become Much
 Sc2rcer.

''While the political movements of the century have changed the person nel of domestic servants in America, the development of the material re- sources of the country has affected their status. Before the present cen tury employees of every kind were ina sense stationary" writes Lucy M. Sal mon in the New England Magazine. ''This was due partly to a system of indenturc which bound a servant for seven, five, or four years, and to the system of slavery which bound the servant for life: partly to the system of apprenticeship which made the servant 9 member of the family of his master; partly to the custom prevail ing in country districts and small towns for unmarried worlmen in all industries to board with their employ CTS, and partly to the lack of facilities for cheap and easy means of com1nuni- cation between different sections of the country. There was no mobility of labor as regards either employment or place of employment fact true alike of domestic service and of other occupations. But this, condition of af- fairs is changed. The establishment of the factory system of manufactures and the consequent substitution of mechanical for skilled processes of la Dor broke down the system of appren- ticeship, and worl1nen in every occu- patton, except domestic service, ceased to be members of the families of their k oe Io Dor was made possible. At later time the great era of railroad develop ment and similar enterprises gave op- portunity for certain mobility as re- gards place of employment.
 ''All of these industrial movements have been important factors in chang ing the condition and character of do- mestic service. It is true in general sense that every great change in economic conditions affects all other occupations, even those not primarily concerned in it But domestic service has been affected in certain specific ways. The enlploye who disliked houseworli, but to whom no other oc- cupation had been open, could go into factories and mills since no time was consumed in learning the simple proc esses of mechanical work. Every in- ventiOn formed the basis for new oc- cupation. Domestic service had Q hun dred competitions in field where be- fore the era of inventions it stood alone. Moreover these new occupa- tions required little skill, no prepara- tion.
 ''In view of these changed and changing economic conditions it may be said that that immobility of labor which has seemed to some economists so great an obstacle to the industrial advancement of women practically h~s ceased to exist in the case of domestic service. Industrial development has been carried so far that the problem has come to be how to make this form of labor not more mobile but more stable"
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
A "REsPEcTAeLE NuMeER.
One of Pcnnsylvan.a-s Highest Courts
 G:rns a-.-.i Sent1,s t., tI,o 2I.-ncn

One of Pennsylvan:a's Highest Courts
 Gives Legal Status to the Phrase.
 Everybody has at some time used or heard used the rather indefinite ex- pression of a respectable number as applied to some gathering or collec- tion of people," said a Philadelphia lawyer to New York Sun man, but guess there are not many who know that profound judicial decision in one of the highest courts of Pennsylvania has fixed a precedent as to what may be legally considered a respectable number. The result of lawsuit that involved the disposal of good many thousands of dollars depended on the question of what constituted a re- spectable number. Charles McAlister. a very wealthy Philadelphian, who had a country seat at the fashionable suburb, Torresdale, died ia 1881. The Fidelity Trust company was the ex- ecutor Of his estate under his will Nr. McAlister was a devout Presbyterian and he beque athed a valuable piece Of ground at Torresdale, five thousand dollars toward building Presbyterian church upon it and five thousand dol lars a year for the income of Q pastor to preach in the church: the provisions of the will to be carried cut by the trust company as his executor, when ever respectable number of persons should get together to form the nucleus of a congregation. Seventeen persons got together as this nucleus and called upon the trust company to pay over the money and execute it's trust. The trust company refused to hand over the money or take any action in the matter o1 the ground that seventeen persons were not respectable num- bcr within the meaning of the will. Suit was brought against the company as cXecutOr Of the McAlister estate, and it was tried before Judge Allison, one of the most learned judges of the state. He decided that seventeen was legally a respectable number and Or dered the trust company to carry out the provisions of the will in the matter of the Torresdale church and the an- nual payment of five thousand dollars for the pastor. Whether any less than seventeen would have been respecta- ble number the opinion did not decide"
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
ALL FEARED TO TOUCH IT.
4 Tin Box Which Caused Commotion and
 Thoughts of Dynamite.


 An incident tending to show the truth of the saying, ''Conscience makes towards of all' (who have ary), hap peaed in an office block on Third street, Portland, Gre, the other Sun day morning. A man who has an office in the building went down to it about nine o'clock and found 9 queer-looling tin box reclining gainst the door, Just what piece of wicl1edness this man has been guilty of is not known to the Oregonian, but it was evident that he had been doing something that lay heavily on his conscience, for he at once conceived the idea that the box was an internal machine, placed there for his destruction. Afraid to touch it, let alone to open it, he was standing staring at it when an- other person came up. When the lat ter found out what the scare was he secuted the idea of dynamite and started to kick the box down the hall, but the frightened man grabbed him and pulled him back, telling him hc might blow up the building. Then he, too, began to be scared and was afraid to pick up the box. In a few minutes six or seven persons had gathered around, but no one of them cared to mcddle with the box, though each seemed willing that any of tho others should examine it. Presently the jan itor, who had taken advantage of the quiet of Sunday morning to do some cleaning up in the building, came along, and he was directed to take away the box. As he picked it up the crowd scattered, and as he marched off with t one of the men asked him to see what it yyas. On being opened the box was seen to be full of keys to the different rooms, used by the janitor, who w2s much ast0nished at the in tercst evinced in his old tin box. It will now be ia order for the original discoverer of the box to e-1plain why he imagined anyone wished to blow him up with dynamite
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
Oneen Yictoria,s Family.

The royal family of England is the largest in Europe. Her majesty Queen Victoria's family circle numbers fifty living descendants, including sons and daughters, grandsonsand granddaugh- ters, great grandsons and great-grand- daughters, besides whom she has four sons-in-law and four daughters-in-law, five grandsons-in-iaw and one grand daughter-in-law. The queen has lost one son and one daughter, five grand sons, one granddaughter, one great grandson and one son-in-law. If these were living her family circle would number seyenty-four.
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
A Peruvian Drink.

Italia is a Peruvian drink widely known in civilized South America, sold to some extent in Europe, but seldom seen in the United States. It is col orless and a very strong brandy, dis titled from a white grape. It has de cidedly fruity taste, and is so hot that persons unaccustomed to it mix it half and half with cream of cocoa and drink the compound as liqueur after coffee. The Peruvians, however, drink Italia with no drop of allaying water or aught else to take off it's edge.
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
DOWN AMONG THE DEAD MEN.
Queer Strike of Operatives in a Peculiar
 Parisian Industry.

Queer Strike Of Operatives in PecuIIar
 Parisian Industry.
 ''One of the queerest strikes that have ever taken place here," says a late Paris letter, ''is that of the so-called Machabees, or fishers for dead bodies, who ply their tssde on the Seine, be- tween the Billancourt bridge and the Auteuil viaduct. The reason why they have struck is because Of the slowness with which their money premiums are paid. Father Joseph, the senior mem Der of the guild, has been fishing for Machabees for the past twenty-five years, but he is now idle with his com panions, as he has not been paid for the last batch of corpses sent to the morgue, and for which the government is indebted to him to the extent of fifteen francs apiece. Last year the trade was bad, but this year the morgue has been literally overfowing with bodies taken out of the river, and in one day alone Father Joseph fished out no less than five. Not having re- ceived his money he has, with his com panions, laid down his ropes and grap- pling-irons and moorcd his boat to the wall until the officials whose duty it is to remunerate him see their way to or ganize more expedition in their pay de- partucnt."
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
GeocranhicaI Names.

Staten Island has its double at t. southern extremity of South America and the name, like that of our ow: island, is manifestly of Dutch origj. for its near ncighbor is Cape HorG more properly Hoorn, named for Q vii lage on the Zuyder Zee, and not ia away are the Straits Of Magellan, ro of Irish but of Dutch discovery, anl properly spelled aIagalhaens
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
Apply for Information About THE GREAT
 SOUTHWEST

.agI,o,o last year farmers netted Si00 to S2Ot fdTsSi c per acre for fruit, grownon land that can be duplicated today fOrS 50 per acre. tAILs,.o five tons of alfalfa hay worth S12peI SsEiCi C tOn was grown on land the like of which can be bought for $i5 per acre. skEg,o,., many other products such as sweet SssICi potatoes tomatoes and early vegeta- bles neted as large and larger profits than fruit shgl,o o the summers arc cool the winters EsiiG' C warm, cyclones unknown and mala- ria ahcard of
 ;sSl,cs.o there is the best opening in the world sSisGf . for honest industry.
 Tow. F. WHITE, Passenger Traffic Manager \ T. & < F. K. R.
 Or HENRY F. GRIERSON,
 Immigration gent, d., T. & r. R. K.
 G23 Rialto Building Chicago, III. This railway passes through twelve states and territories and having no lands of its own O sell has rlO object in advancing the intcreS Of any speci al locality, in giving any other than ab- s1lut ely reliable information. 1t realizes that thc prosperity of the farmers of the great SOuth- west me4ns prosperity to itself alFO, and is thus naturdllr willing to aid the immigrant as u uch as possible. -
The St. Johns herald., 1894-01-18
HENRY HUNINC

Post office: Show Low, Arizona.
 Range: Show Low creek, Silver creek, Laguna Ortega and Laguna Sala1a.
 Horse brand C Ic left shoulder.