Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1894-01-05
HANDS AND FACES.
HOW THEY ARE MADE IN A LARGE
SWISS WATCH FACTORY.

Delicate Operations With oven and Tools
Required In Making Dials- Expert
Workers on Hands The Wages Paid
Both Men and Women Are Excellent.
A Geneva correspondent in writing
Of visit to one of the famous watch
manufactures of that city thus de-
scribes some of the operations:
Now, about the diallnaking process
itself: First, the plain round of purest-
copper must be heated to red heat in
a furnace to burn off any adhering inn
purity. Leaving the fire, it is plunged
into an acid bath, and III that way it
becomes SO smooth that it may easily
be rubbed into form with small steel
spatula.
The enamel, which comes from France
and Switzerland and looks like great
Jumps of white porcelain, is first re-
duced to the finest of powders in pow
erful crusher, Then it, too, is washed in
acid, and finally it is washed again in
many renewings of pure water. After
this it is made into a sort of paste,
which is applied in thin strata to both
sides of the copper and then carefully
put by to wait the complete evapora-
ton of the water with which it was
mixed. AS soon as this has been accom-
plished the dial is placed in an intense
ly hot gas oven, where the enamel be-
comes perfectly fused and adheres firm
ly to the plate. This operation is re-
peated, with q second and third appli-
cation Of the enamel, and then the dial
is ready to receive the painting of the
hours. AS soon as this has been done
it is again put in the oven, most crit
ical operation, because the fraction OF
a second overmuch would spoil every
thing, and then, while yet warm, it is
rubbed OF redressed with bit OF char
coal and small metal tool especially
made for the purpose. 1t is this opera
ton that gives the dial the beautiful
smoothness, like that of dainty bit of
china. Before that most delicate oper-
alton, the piercing for the hands, which
is done en- an instrument furnished
with diamonds fixed on steel, and some
times even the steel itself, the dial goes
to the automatic filer and is rendered
absolutely perfect in shape.
The painting Of the hours is nearly all
done by women and girls. Several
women are also employed in the enamel
ing department. The wages paid both
men and women are excellent. Some
of the employees are time workers, the
others work by the piece, many of the
latter easily earning 800 francs month.
Naturally these are the most expert
enced workers, who have finished ap-
prenticeships of at least three years.
In beginning the employees are given
simple separate parts to do, but even
then they may earn from 100 to $50
francs month. The women who earn
the highest wages, 900 francs, work also
by the piece, polishing Or rubbing off the
second dial.
The firm was organized in 1885, and
all the chief employees of today have
been connected with it from the begin
ming. There are IA divisions of work
men and workwomen, each with dis
tinct branch of his or her own. Indeed
dial, before complete, passes through
at least 90 pairs of hands. Besides the
white or simple dials with the usual
black figures, there are the colored dials
pink, blue, gray, a delicate shade of
green and black. There are also the
white or colored dials, with figures in
contrasting colors or in metals, as in
the very latest fashion in decoration
there is an artistic combination with
| golden dots. This firm sends dials to
America by the hundreds of thousands
annually, and its rate of supply to the
largest Swiss houses is proportional.
The making Of watch hands is one
| of the most fascinating adjuncts in the
| whole process of watch manufacturing.
The chief Swiss handwriting firm has
been in existence through three genera
lions. AS all its heads have been not
ably expert artisans and devoted work
men, it is little wonder that the hands
now produced by this house have be-
come celebrated. The process is so del
icate that the workers must be literally
| undisturbed in their work, and the
pieces are so minute that a rogue, should
| one enter, could easily carry off a large
| number unobserved; hence the business
| is conducted behind locked doors, and
| all outside communications are through
| closely barred windows. 1t is almost in
credible but here, too staff of design
ers is kept busy, for the hands in form
as well as the dials in figures and orna-
mentation must keep pace with fash
| ions demands. The standard favorite
designs, however, are the Louis XIV,
the fower-de-luce and the good old fash
| Toned spade and open hands. The steel
| hands cost quite as much as the ordi-
nary gold hands, because they are so
much harder in the working.
The price of an ordinary pair of
hands is, believe, about francs, but
l have seen hands there initiated and
studded with tiny diamonds that cost
in the neighborhood Of So or 40 francs.
Every style and every workman has its
and his own especially cut die with
which the hands are stamped from the
thin and very elastic and highly tenn
pered sheet of steel or from the gold or
silver of which they are to be formed.
There is a wonderful machine in this
| shop that takes a bar of steel half an
inch wide and fattens it again and
| again until it comes out vibrant, elias
tic, and of just the thickness desired for
the hands.-Boston Herald.
| a., IT. ,{~;e