davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

The theory that the remains of ami
mails form the raw materials from which
petroleum is formed by nature is still
held by some prominent scientists. And
as to the manner in which the organic
substances of those animals became de-
composed DIR. Engler sets forth as 9
primary starting point the fact that such
substances consists essentially of nitrog
enated material and fat, the former cas-
lily decomposed, the latter very staple
as has been well known for long time
and demonstrated by exact investiga
tions, examples in proof being the wax
of cadavers in old graves, the fat in the
bones of mammals thousands of years
old, and the fat on the bottom of the
ocean recently found.
Whether and how the fat was de-
composed in this long period by the wa.
ter splitting up glycerol and forming
the free acid-for instance, the fat in
the bones of mammals-cannot be an
swered, but both fat and the fatty
acids form petroleum when distilled
under pressure. One of the many pos
sibilities cited by DR.. Engler, by which
the mechanical process of the transmu-
tation Of fat into petroleum may have
taken place, is that remains of the char.
acter in question, wrapped in mud and
transported by the currents In the ocean,
easily accumulate, and, later on, under
the pressure of sedimentary layers OF
strata perhaps under the influence Of
heat, too-are transformed into petro-
leum.-New York Sun.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

The spiders thread is made of in
Vulnerable small threads or fibers, one
of these threads being estimated to be
one-mil1ionth of a hair in thickness.
Three kinds of thread are spun-one of
great strength, for the radiating or
spoke lines of the web The cross lines,
or what sailor might call the rat lines,
are finer and are tenacious-that is,
they have upon them little specks or
globules Of very sticky gum These
specks are put on with even interspaces.
They are set quite thickly along the line
and are what in the first instance catch
and hold the legs or wings of the fly.
Once caught in this fashion, the prey is
held secure by threads flung over ii
somewhat in the same manner as las
SO. The third kind of silk is that which
the spider throws out in mass of food,
by which it suddenly envelops any prey
of which it is somewhat afraid, as, for
example, a wasp. A scientific expert
menter once drew ont from the body Of
single spider 8, 4S0 yards Of thread
or spider silk-a length little short OF
three miles. Popular Magazine
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
IMPURITIES IN FOOD.
They Are Not as Common as Many Person
May Suppose.

may ouppVscs
Singularly exaggerated ideas concern
ing the adulteration of food are very
generally held, according to DIR. a. w.
Wiley, chemist of the United States de-
partment of agriculture. Sand, for in
stance, is not sold with sugar-at least
in the United States.
The granulated and lump sugars in
the market are almost absolutely pure,
powdered sugar sometimes, though rare
", contains a little flour or starch, and
low grade sugars are impure chiefly
through the molasses and water they
are made to absorb in manufacture.
Not as good report can be given of
sirups There is very little pure maple
sirup, most of what is sold as such be-
ing mixture of glucose or cane sirups,
with small proportion of the product
Of the maple. while in an imitation ac-
tually protected by a patent the maple
favor is given by an extract of hickory
bark Liquid honey is largely adulter-
ated with glucose. OF comb honey,
however, only that in bottles and jars
is impure, the old impression that comb
honey on the frame is adulterated hav-
ing been proved to be erroneous.
Ground coffee is so largely adulterat-
ed with chicory, peas, beans, etc, that
it is rarely found pure, and even the
unground berry is initiated. Tea is rare
ly mixed with foreign leaves, but fire.
quently has its weight increased by the
addition of salts of iron and copper
materials quite prejudicial to health
Cocoa and chocolate are largely adul-
terated with starch and sugar, and
products claimed to be greatly improved
as to digestibility may have little of the
virtues of the original cocoa bean left
in them.
A danger in canned goods is the use
Of adulterated tin, which may contain
as high as ~ per cent Of lead, the or
ganic salts formed by the corrosion of
the lead being always poisonous. The
common practice of coloring canned
peas with copper is very Objectionable
The use of preservatives, such as sali-
cylic acid, is not without risk, while an
occasional source of danger is the devel-
opment OF nitrogenous bodies called
ptomaines in preserved meats The
above are illustrations of the principal
food authorizations, which, though bad
enough, are insignificant in comparison
with the startling reports that have
been published Much the greater part
Of foods we eat is pure and wholesome.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
APPLICATION or FERTILIZERS.
Soluble Phosphates-lIineraI Phosphates
Decomposing Bones With Soda Ash.

Soluble Phosphates-1Iineral Phosphates.
Decomposing Bones with Soda Ash.
In applying fertilizers to the soil SOL
uble phosphates are most generally
used, but cannot be utilized in that con-
dition by plants, for if they were they
would act corrosively upon their tender
tissues They revert to their original
condition when applied to the soil, and
they now are in the finest possible state
of division. Thus writes correspondent
in the New York Tribune, who adds:
When mineral phosphates are used,
there is no difficulty in grinding them
to an imlalpable powder, and in this
form applied to the soil they are more
advantageous than when converted into
superphosphate, with the aid of sui
phuric acid, which is both expensive
and inconvenient to use.
By using the mineral phosphates fine
ly ground there can be applied more
than double the quantity Of phosphoric
acid to the soil at the same cost that
there can be in using superphosphates
The plant will take up as much phos-
phoric acid the first year as it would
from the superphopshate, and as much
more will be left in the soil, available
for further drafts upon it in after sea-
sons, as it does not leach from the soil.
Bones and mineral phosphates can be
decomposed and rendered soluble by al
kalies as well as by acids, and are in
this form better food plants, as they need
alkalies as well as phosphoric acid, and
the alkalies are not only food, but neu-
tralize the acids of the soil and liberate
other food for plants. putting the soil
in its most favorable condition, with
proper cultivation, to produce abundant
crops. Bones or fine ground mineral
phosphates, when composted with wood
ashes in a moist state for few weeks,
are decomposed and are preferable for
crops to the acid dsuperphosphates. Most
farmers have the wood ashes to use. If
not, the same object is attained by the
use of soda ash, an article of common
use and easily obtained in any market,
and now generally used by soap boilers
in making soap.
To decompose bones or mineral phos-
pilates with soda ash make a layer of
bones or mineral phosphates, then a
layer of the same number of pounds Of
fresh burned lime (water to be put on
till it begins to slack, then a layer Of
the same number of pounds of soda ash,
and SO repeat until the quantity desired
is obtained Then wet it down with
water, which will slack the lime and
unite with the soda ash, making it
caustic to act upon the phosphate and
make phosphate of soda, which exists
in the ashes of nearly all plants and Is
ever present in urine and other animal
manure.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
Practical Dental Hints.

An aching tooth should never be borne
with. / have known woman to cour-
ageously endure the repeated excruciat-
ing toothache that attends dying nerve
without consulting dentist. The pain
finally subsidized for good and for all, but
the tooth gradually became discolored.
taking on a drabbish tone. Then for
the first time this unlucky woman sus-
pected what had happened. The pulp,
the dead nerve. was removed, but the
tooth never regained its clear, pearly
luster. If one is troubled with dyspep-
sia or any gastric disturbance, the teeth
bear witness to the fact They lose their
brilliancy, often become stained dark
saffron about their necks. Every pretty
dyspeptic should make point of keep
ing a wineglass of water, into which
is stirred a teaspoonful of bicarbonate
of soda, by her bedside to rinse her
mouth with as often as she wakes. The
bicarbonate counteracts the effect Of any
ssacidity" of the stomach on the teeth.
-Philadelp lphia Times
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

natural color of that of any breed
known. Guernsey breeders declare that
when their COW has had the advantages
the Jerseys have had in this country fol
the past 25 years she will make better
showing than the Jersey does now.
Well, we shall see.
The picture shows the Guernsey COW
Purity, the best of her breed in the
Worlds fair test 1t is copied from The
Breeders Gazette. This beautiful ami
NAL is owned in New York state II
will be observed she has no crumpled
horn nor yet the black nose characters
tic of the Jersey. The Guernsey the
world over has the rich yellow skin
which old time dairy people always said
indicated good butter COW. The pre-
vailing Guernsey colors are white and
bright red. shading into fawn color.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
Deterioration Of Pastures.

A serious cause of deterioration and
loss, on permanent pastures especially,
is imperfect drainage, resulting in a
sodden condition of the soil throughout
the greater part of the year, and conse-
quent destruction of the finest and most
nutritious grasses, leaving only coarse
and sour herbage, SO unpalatable to the
stock that hunger alone will compel
them to eat it. 1t is astonishing what
improvement can be effected by the COM
bined operations of draining and subse-
quent top dressing, the grasses being
sweetened and increased in bulk, and
by the temperature Of the soil being
raised growth in ordinary years becomes
as forward in the beginning of May as
it was previously in early June. The
latter feature is one of special impor-
tance to the agriculturist, although
not SO generally taken into consideration
as it ought to be, corn as well as grass,
and indeed every crop grown, spring.
ing quicker and maturing earlier under
the genial influence Of warmer, be-
cause drier, soil and subsoil.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

The silo, briefly summed up, doubles
the stock on the same farm. Doubling
the stock doubles the amount of barn
yard and stable fertilizers. Increasing
manures increases production. Increase
Of production increases the value of the
land. The silo drives away the man
peddling cheap and adulterated fertili-
zers and saves the farmers this enor-
NOUS tar.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
HUNGARIAN BRONZE GRASS.
It Resists Intense Cold and withstand
Protracted Drought

ITOtracte0 Drought.
Hungarian bronze grass, sometimes
called awnless bronze, is a vigorous,
hardy perennial, with strong, creeping
root stalks, smooth, upright, leafy
stems one to three feet high and loose,
open panicle or head 1t is a native Of
Europe. The name Hungarian bronze
originated doubtless FROM the fact that
the cultivation of the grass was first
brought to notice in Hungary The de-
partment Of agriculture calls attention
to this grass in circular issued from
the division of botany.
While this grass will grow on lands
too poor for the more valued agricul-
tural grasses and under conditions of
climate which would entirely preclude
the culture of these last, the better the
conditions the better the growth. The
reported yield is one to three tons to the
acre. At the central experimental farm,
Ottawa, the pure plot culture gave at
one cutting yield of 81 tons of cured
hay, and the station reports, nearly
without exception, praise it i'll the high
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
TO CREDITORS.

Samuel d. Lodge, Administrator OF the Estate
Of John Birch, Deceased. BY direction OF the
gives notice To the creditors of the said John
Birch deceased. to bring In their debts, claims
and demands against the Estate of the said de
cedent under oath or affirmation, within nine
months from this date, or they will be forever
barred Of any action thereof against the said
Administrator
July 26. 1894.8-2 SAMUEL ID. LODGE
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Hannah e. Miller Administrators Of the estate
OF Robert G. Miller. deceased, by direction Of the
Surrogate of the County Of Gloucester, hereby
g. es notice to the creditors of the said Robert G.
and demands against the estate OF the said de-
cedent under oath or affirmation, within nine
months from this date. or they win be forever
barred Of any action therefore against the said
administratrix.
HANNAH C. MILLER, Administrative.
Dated June IS, 1894
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

Isaac H. Davidson and Priscilla Fl. Davidson.
Executors of the estate OF Isaac H Davidson
decease d, by direction of the Surrogate of th ;
Creditors of the said Isaac H. Davidson, decsas-
ed, to bring in their debts, claims and demands
against the estate of the said decedent, under
oath or affirmation. within nine months from
this date. or they will be forever barred OF any
action therefor against the said Executor.
J. Fl. D.. lDSON,
Dated August |, 1894. P Il. DAVIDSON
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
WANTED.

AGENTS to sell our choice and hardy nursery
stock either on saltry or Commission. We also
give the men the privilege OF selling our new and
agency at once, which will handsomely repay
you as now Is the time to sell such goods for
spring planting.
Address f. n. MAY COMPANY, Nurserymen
and Propogators of Choice Seed Potatoes.
Dec 81, 80 emo. Rochester. N. Y.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
WHEEL MEAsURE FOR LANp.

paint and roll the wheel carefully along
the desired boundary. with stake OF
other object as a guide for the eye.
Count the number of revolutions the
wheel makes as the distance is traversed
by the wheel, and by multiplying the
number of these revolutions by the cir
cumference of the wheel the length in
feet may be found. To get the circum-
ference the wheel may be measured with
tape line or string, says Louisiana
correspondent of the New England
Homestead.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
CHERIFF,s SALE.

u
By virtue OF a wrltof iieri facIas to me directed.
issued out Of the Chancery Court Of the State OF
New Jersey, Will be exposed at Public Sale, on
Monday, the 10th day Of September
next, between the hours Of IL and O'Clock. TO-
wit, at o'clock In the afternoon OF said day, at
the Court House In the City of Woodbury., County
OF Gloucester, and State OF New Jersey, all the
following described Real Estate that Is to say =
All that certain farm tract or parcel Of land
and premises hereinafter particularly described,
situate in the township Of Franklin, in the county
OF Gloucester, and in the State OF New Jerrey
ming at stake set for corner in the centre Of
the public road leading from Malaga TO Cedar
Lake. said stake Is corner to a one and three
fourths acre lot heretofore sold by John L. Down
to Stephen Down thence ~ along the centre
or Cedar Lake Road north eghty-seVen degrees
and thirty minutes east. twenty-five chains, to a
stake set for corner in said road thence (2)
along lands OF the late John Souder south fifty
seven degrees and twenty-five minutes east
eighteen chains ana forty-one links to a stake
for a corner; thence (3) south seyenty-three de-
grees and thirty-five minutes west forty-seyen
chains and ninety five links to a stake for a
corner; thence (4) north eighty-fve minutes east
along McCurey's land eighteen chains and thirty
seven links to stake set for corner which l.
also another corner to said Stephen Downs
lot; thence (5J along the said Stephen A Downs
line north sixty-fOur degrees east nine chains
and ninety one links to the place of beginning.
Containing sixty-fiye acres and thirty-eight hun
dreths OF az acre more or less Being the premf-
fes kHONu as Inc JOn0 l.. DOWnS farm, ana
being the same premises as Elwood Parsons by
deed bearing date the fifteenth day OF April in
tie year Of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and ninety one. and recorded in the Office Of the
Clerk of the said County of Gloucester, in Book
number 159 Of Deeds. at page % &c, granted
and conveyed unto William j Binghurst, in fee.
Seized as the property of Baer Buckle ct ais.
defendants. and taken in execution at the suit
Of Herman Siebeling. complainant and 10 be
sold by F. d. SPRINGER.
Henry l. Budd. Jr. Sol'r. Sheriff
Dated Aug. 8. 1894. Prs fees $3.50.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
euERnsET nEa1.


The Guernsey as dairy COW has been
more talked about since the World fair
than she ever was before. While this
breed did not in all respects equal the
Jersey as to butter making, it is claimed
that their greater size renders them val
liable for beef purposes and SO makes up
the difference 1t is undisputed, too.
that the Guernsey butter has the richest
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16
Device For Measuring Land.

A device for accurately measuring off
any piece of level land is given here
with. An old wheel from some cast off
buggy or other vehicle is required and
may be of any convenient size. Make
and fix the handles as shown, SO that
the wheel may revolve easily on its axis
To use the device, mark one spoke with
q strip of cloth or q dab of white
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

HYPNOTISM !! s1s.I.s, STT,sHEdLED. lei En-,
Tells all about this wonderful subject What
ever your views are Hypnotism, you will find
this book of great value. Published price sc
cents. Sent free, transportation prepaid if you
remit 25 cents for subscription to Homes and
HeRrths, the elegant household monthly.
Address HOMES AND HEARTHS PUBLISH
ING Co.. New York 6-f4-94-Iy
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

est terms. 1t is evident from these re-
ports that the grass is little influenced
by changes of climate. In Canada, in
Mississippi, Kansas, Colorado, Wyo-
ming and California it appears to do
equally we'll 1t is resistant to intense
cold, to sudden and extreme changes of
temperature and withstands protracted
drought better than any other cultivat-
ed variety. In ordinary and poor soils
the stems are only 12 to IS inches high.
Under most favorable conditions they
attain the height of to feet. The un-
derground stems (root stocks) grow most
rapidly in light, sandy loan, but they
penetrate with apparent ease the stiffest
clays and in all cases form a dense,
tough sod
Hungarian bronze ought to be cut
when first coming into bloom. After
this period the stems rapidly become
hard and woody and valueless for hay.
At present, however, this grass is es-
teemed more for grazing. In the south
ern states it remains green throughout
the year and in some sections may
prove to be valuable for winter pastures.
In portions of the arid regions of the
west and In parts of California where
the finer grasses have failed this bronze
has grown well.
The seed of Hungarian bronze may be
obtained from the leading seedsmen in
the larger cities. The amount required
per acre is variously given at from 80
to so pounds. 1t may be sowed in the
autumn with winter wheat or in early
spring; for the southern states, Februa-
~ or March The preparation of the
land is the same as for other grasses On
-rin. In the north il blooms in June
arse soRewhat earlier in the
LIZ Y. states 1t is usually sowed un-
mixed because of its liability to choke
out other plants. In Hungary it is
sometimes mixed with lucern in pro-
portion of three to two. In the forma-
tion of permanent pastures various
grasses and clovers. where these will
grow, ought to he mixed with it.
In the cut are illustrated: First, en-
tire plant; second, the panicle; third,
the upper leaf; fourth, spikelet; fifth,
the empty glumes; sixth, Towering
glume; seventh, palea.
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

BY virtue Of a wrItof ieri facIas, to me directed,
issued out OF the Chancery Court Of the State OF
New Jersey, will be exposed at Public Sale ON
Gloucester County Democrat., 1894-08-16

G. SELDEN JNHNSON,
Administrator Of Reheeca F. Wise,
July 2S-S-294 deceased.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1894-10-04
Love Tokens.

The ancient English custom of giving
love tokens or the goth of August died OUT
many years ago The custom was foi
"enamourcd maydes and gentlewomen'
to give to their favorite SWANS as tokens
Of love little handkorchiefs three or foui
inches square, with a button or tassel at
each corner and a small one in the center.
The finest of these favors was edged with
narrow gold lace or twist, and then being
folded up in four crossfolds SO that tho
middle might be seen. They were worn by
the fortunate SWANS in their hats or on
the breast. The favors were generally the
handiwork of the ''faire maybe" herself,
and well she liked to work the most beau
tiful figures she could for her favoritc suit
or, but they became so much in vogue III
Queen Elizabcths time that they were SOLD
ready made in the shops. This Of courst
destroyed the romance Of the custom, and
hence its death.--New York Dispatch.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1894-10-04
GRAND PHILANTHROPY
Which Provided Stsriiized Milk and is To Be-
Continued.

New York, Oct. 3.-Next Saturday all
The milk depots Of this city, established by
h, benefi :ence of Mr.. Nathan Stratus, will
b. closed for tn, season, with the reception
Of the one at the front of East Third street.
This depot will be open all winter, and
sterilized and modified m TX can be had
there any day.
When the heated season opens next year
it will find this great charity elaborated and
splendidly equipped for its work among the
children of the poor. Plans for perma-
nent central depot have been determined,
although the site has not yet been selected.
1t will be located, however, on the East
side, not far from the river. so as to have
water convenient for refrgerating purposes.
1t is expected that with the improved
facilities provided by this new building 500
gallons of sterlized milk may be prepared
each day at an expense only slightly greater
than what is incurred under the present
methods in the production of 120 gallons.
Should an epide mic arise, the production
could be almost Indefinitely enhanced.
Now that the cool days of o tober are al
hand, and the general work of this charity
in 1894 is drawing to a close, it is possible
to get some idea of what the public-spirited
enterprise of Mr.. Straus has accomplished
in the summer months for this city.
The following statistics furnished by the
health board of New York, show the differ
ences in the death rates for children under
a yesr old, and for children over l year
and under years old, for the years 1893
| and 1894:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1894-10-04
Only an Incident.

Railroad travel has its pathetic no less
than it's humorous aspects. In slow
train the other day sat q worn looking,
shabbily dressed man with an infant in
his arms. The little one was wrapped in
an old lace shawl, and the ribbon about
its waist and in its cap had evidently been
placed there by unskillcd hands. 1t seemed
contented as it fed from its bottle, and
from time to time the man pressed it close
to him and looked in its face with
dimmed, tender eyes. A woman with C
kind face, who sat near, made remark
about the beauty of the child, and the ia
Their looked up with pathetic smile.
Yes, ma am, she is pretty. She's like
her mother That makes it harder to part
from her. Since her mother was taken
I've tried to raise her myself But l had
to go to work every day and leave her with
neighbor. She didn't get the care she
needed, and couldn't pay for better so
I'm taking her to my sister, but l don't
know how can stand it without her. It's
lonely thing for a man when he's done
his work to know there's nothing to go
home to-"
And then ne buried his head on tho
baby's, and 1t was long time before he
looked up again.-New York Tribune