davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1894-05-16
LOY1L LEGION.
The Vermont COmmandery Holds Its An
nual Meeting at Burlington.

The Vermont COmmandery Holds Its An
nual Meeting at Burlington.
THE annual meeting of the Vermont com.
mandery of the Loyal Legion of Honor was
held last week Tuesday evening at the Van
Ness House in Burlington. over fifty
members were present, and a banquet fol-
lowed the business meeting The election
of officers resulted as follows Commander.
Colonel Amasa S. Tracy of Richford se-
nior vice.commander, Lieuteuaut-C Colonel
Franklin f. Butterfield of Derby Line; iu-
nior vice-commander, Major John l.. Bar
stow of Shelburne; recorder, First Leuten-
ant William l., Greenleaf of Burlington /,
registrar, Major Gardner s. Blodgett Of
Burlington chancellor, Brevet Captain
Henry o. Wheeler of Burlington; chaplain,
John E. Goodrich of Burlir gton council,
Captain George 0. Tyler Of Burlington,
Captain Charles F. Branch Of Newport,
Captain Ebenezer j. Ormsbee of Brandon,
Major Nathan p. Bowman of St. Johns
bury, and Lieutenant joe c. Baker of Rut-
land
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1894-05-16

CastOria is
and Child
other Nal
for Pared
1t is PIE.
Millions
feverishni
cures Did
teething |
CastOria i
and how'd
tOria i tI|
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
a Moving Mountain.

A travelling mountain Is found At
.he cascades OF the Columbia II is
triple peaked mass of dark brown
where IL fronts the river, and rises to
the height of almost ., 900 feet above
the water. That it is in motion is the
last thought that would be likely to
suggest itself TO the mind of any orc
passing IL, yet it is n well.establishol
fact that this entire mountain is NOV
ing slowly but steadily down to the
river, rs IL II had "a deliberate purpose
some time IN the future To dam the
Columbia and form u great lake from
the Cascades 10 the Dilles.
In its forward and downward move
ment the forest along the base of the
ridge has become submerged in the
river. Large tree stumps can be seen
standing dead in the water on this
shore. The railway engineers and
braliemcn find that the line of railway
that skirts the foot of the mountain is
being continually forced out of place.
At certain points the permanent way
and rats have been pushed eight or
ten feet out Of line in a few years.
biologists attribute this TRANCE
phenomenon to the fact that the
basol', which constitutes the bulk of
the mountain, rests on n substratum
Of conglomerate or OF soft sandstone
which the deep, swift current of the
mighty river is constantly wearing
away or that this softer su brock is of
Nsclf yielding at great depths to the
enormous weight Of the harder min
eral above. -Goldthwait's Geographi-
al Magazine.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

tary nature. Such water as the duck.
lings are allowed access to is sup.
piled to them in small troughs or shall
low vessels, and they use it for bath
ing and drinking purposes. The
duck .rearer are very particular as to
the kind OF grit which is given in the
drinking water. Where a large num-
Der Of birds OF the same age are kept
together, it is usual, except when they
come to the front to feed, to partition
them off into small "nocks" Of about
100 birds each. This Is easily done
by means Of planks about one foot
wide, set on edge, so rs to divide the
ground space into q number Of rec.
tengular areas. The object Of this is
to prevent the birds from overcrowd-
ing, and possibly killing the weaker
ones by everything. As the birds re-
turn from feeding they are success.
sively partitioned off al fast as q suf-
ficient number enter the shed When
the birds get larger with advancing
age, it is found e~xpedient to conflne
fewer in each pen-say two dozen or
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
A LIVER Of Bnultry.

Keeping poultry teaches love in its
broadcast sense. 1t compels man to love
his home, to watch the little matters,
to be regular, to be frugal, to be in.
dustrious, says Homestead. All these
60 to make up a happy life, and to be
in owe with that which is dear to him.
1t is an old saying that he who has no
pets has no love for home. The woman
who delights in the company OF neither
bird nor animal. finds the society OF
gossips and street runners the most
attractive. The poultry woman makes
the model wife. City life has no charms
for her. Her home and her fowls are
everything, and in them she finds com.
fort, health and strength. The pa.
tient, kind hearted woman alone makes
q success in egg and poultry culture,
while the tickle minded, grumbling
female would not think OF STOPPING so
low as to ''mingle with such pests"
A once poultry woman was, by force
Of circumstance, taken from her
country home to q tenement in the
city. Although she lives in a more
elaborate dwelling, and owns finer
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
source 81 the Butter Flavor.

source Of the Butter Flavor.
Storr's experiment station bulletin
has the following.
The butter aroma appears in the but
ter as the result of the ripening pro-
cess. Sw~eet-cream butter does have
this delicious flavor, and while there
Is o demand In our markets, perhaps a
growing demand, for sweet cream but
ter, 1t never develops the delicate
flavor known as the butter aroma
During ripening, certain changes take
place in the cream, some OF which we
understand, and others which are at
present beyond the reach Of chemical
knowledge. The composition OF
cream is essentially the same rs that OF
milk, except in the higher proportion
Of fat 1t is made up chiefly OF butter
fat in the form Of globules. Of casein
in q partial suspension in the liquid, OF
milk.sugar in solution, and of u small
amount Of albumen, the form OF an
extremely delicate network Of fibers
which we call fibrin. Cream always
contains q large number Of bacteria,
yeasts and molds, which are the active
agents in %ripening. The ource OF
these heterogeneous are varied.
They are not present in the milk
when secreted by q COW, but find
their way into it in q variety Of ways.
Some come from the air, some from
the hairs Of the COW, some from the
dust Of the barn, some from
the hands OF the mixer, some
from the milk vessels, and Others
from other sources Of contamina-
ton. The chances Of contamination
are sufficient to stock the milk with
an abundance Of these organism.
under all circumstances. by the time
ne cream has reached the creamery
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
for Cows.

John w. Delk, writing in Epitomist,
says: We have been testing for some
time the different kinds of roughage
commonly raised on the farm, and find
that common fodder corn is one of the
best for the cows giving milk. our
cows do better, give more milk, and
produce more butter when fed on il
during winter than any other kind we
have tried, and we get such a large
yield from the ground, as compared
with other kinds OF roughage, making
from even to eight tons Of the very
choicest per acre when it is cured and
housed as 1t should be. When it is
cut at the right stage, and properly
cured, our cows even eat the stalks, so
there Is but very little waste. Sorg.
hum is u next preference; 1t makes
IN excellent feed for cows in milk, and
is one Of the best for young cattle.
Our cattle will all stay fat and sleek
on 1t, but the ones in milk, when
changed from sorghum roughage to
that OF fodder corn, show a
slight increase, both in milk and
butter. Hence we recommend
fodder corn, in preference to
other hay or roughage, for it has been
proven to be q fact, here in the south,
that sorghum hay could not be excelled
by many others for dairy cattle, and
some even went so far as to say that
it was the best-none excepted. Let
that be as it may, our experience has
proven to us that the fodder corr
duced the greater amount Of milk ar,
butter, and that Is what we feed ana
attend to our cows for. 1t not only
proves to be good in winter, but in
the dry, hot weather Of late summer.
When our pastures are failing, we find
that q bundle Of fodder corn not only
increases the amount Of butter, but IL
eaten with q relish by the cows It
may not produce rs much per acre as
some, such as sorghum, cow-peas, ETC.,
but will make more than the major
part Of our haying plants per acre,
besides giving SO much more beneficial
results.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
One Sided Dairy knowledge.

Beware Cf the man OF one experience.
His knowledge is very exact, but it is
too narrow. In an esteemed contcm-
porary we find a man writing about
garget-his COWS all got it, and be-
cause he was feeding four parts Of corn
meal to one Of bran, he attributes all
his troubles to corr meal, and advises,
as does the paper, against too much
corr meal. All OF my cows got garget
once, and | had been feeding them on
shorts, or a rich kind Of bran with no
corn meal, ergo, do not feed shorts.
Probably others could give a like ex-
perience with all the other popular
feeds until we could not feed anything.
Again ! say, beware Of the man with
one experience. His limited knowledge
makes him the more positive in his
opinions. lie who really knows it all
knows there are two very strong sides
to all questions, with any number OF
conditions to be taken into considera
ton. Farm and Home.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

thinks Of the many diseases that mty
thus be scattered widely over a dis
trict, and prominently Of cholera,
typhoid fever, scarlatina and diph-
liberia. epidemics Of which have fire.
~quently been caused by infected milk,
but such speculations may be said to
be purely imaginary, without q prac-
teal example, and the power Of sup
plying that proof is my reason for
writing this article"
The evidence adduced appears to us,
as aforesaid, to be incontestable. Ad-
ding the cases in the rural district to
those investigated in a town, DIR.
Welply found sixty-one cases Of
typhoid fever, every one of which was
capable OF being easily traced back to
the imported one. Fiftv-two con
tracted the disease directly through
the creamery, and the remaining nine
indirectly by means Of food or milk
from diaries which became infected
secondarily. The opinion here ex-
pressed was fully confirmed by a medi-
cal officer Of the local government
board, who subsequently made an
independent and exhaustive in.
vestigation. Wherever there Is
a creamery, DIR. Welply says, there
should be a public inspector Of the
dairies that supply milk to it, and he
quotes the rules In force In Denmark,
Of which two are as follows:
"If an infectious disease breaks out
in the family or among the stock OF a
member, the member must immedi
ately cease to deliver milk at the dairy
until the disease has disappeared and
his farm has been properly .disinfected.
In the event Of sickness among the
staff Of the dairy, the dairyman shall
have the sick person removed immedi.
ately. and the dairy must be disin.
fected. Any infringement Of this
clause shall be punished by q fine UP
to s25.
1T shall be the duty and right OF
the directorate and Of the dairyman,
whenever they think fit, to visit the
members farms, and to inspect the
sheds, fodder lofts, and troughs,
fields, milking sheds, etc, and the
members must give them all necessary
help and information. II it is after
ward found out that u member has
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
THE IMPROVED cHecN REIN.


support for an overdraw check IL de.
signed to prevent the check rein from
wearing or rubbing against the head
OF the horse. and the winker stay il
SO attached that the blinds or winkers
may be readily adjusted at any dc.
sired angle to the animals head. The
support consists of a face cross bar OF
leather. or metal and leather, having
felt on its inner side and resting on
the animals face, where it is held by
means Of two side bars, preferably by
spring steel, leather covered. The
bars are curved so as not to touch the
animals face, and their upper ends
are attached to the crown strap oil
the bride, which may also he OF felt
or similar material on its under side.
There are loops or sockets, each with
rollers, on the side bars, through
which pass the rearwardly extending
members of the ovcrdraw check, rem.
dering it very sensitive to every move,
ment Of the horses head. The winkci
stay consists of a rod with a shank
adjustable by n set screw in n slide
way in the central portion of tn,
face bar, the rod having in its end,
sockets in which the wires constitut
ing the frames of the winkers are con
veniently adjustable.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

rom which il appears there we're re-
ccived in the fiscal year ending June
30. 1894, 80, 052 applications for
patents: 1850 applications for designs;
1Os applications for reissues; 9, l9J
caveats; l,7"0 applications for trade
marks; and 3Gs applications for labels.
There were 90, sac patents granted, in
Guiding reissues and designs; 1856
trade marks registered; and two prints
registered. The number of patents
which expired was 10. 1877. The
number of allowed applications
which were by operation OF law
forfeited for non fragment Of the final
fees OF 1866. The total expenditures
were Sl,053, 06?. 3s; the receipts over
expenditures were Sl29, 500. so, and the
total receipts over expenditures to the
credit of the patent Office in the treas
ury of the United States amounts to
81. 400, 800. -.
During the past year there has been
n notable falling off in the applica.
tions for patents, designs, etc. For
the year ending June 70, 1894, the
number was 80, 20j, against ~, $50 for
II previous year, and more than the
last mentioned number for each OF
the three prior years. The cost of
publishing the Official Gazette was
Si13,Gi2, Of which 1000 copies were
issued weekly, the cost of each copy
being n little I'VE Sl6 per year, while
the subscription price is S. n yes:
The paid circulation is small. A large
lumber are given away.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

furniture, she is cooped up in u a
row court amid the noise and din OF
,lop carts and drayages. III could
only get out OF this way Of living
she said, "back again to q rural home,
where l could keep poultry as used
to. Then l always had money and
clothing-many a month I made more
clear money with my fowls than my
husband did with his crops-but, help
ing a friend on a note did it, and here
we are; the mint has passed out Of our
hands We're it not for the disgrace
| would far rather live all my life in
a real Jail, behind genuine iron bars
than to subsist from hand to mouth in
this prison they call city life" II
there were more such sensible women
in this world there would be less half.
starving families in tn" cities.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
it contains a quantity Of organisms
varying widely with temperature and

it contains a quantity Of organisms
varying widely with temperature and
other conditions, and it Is to these that
the subsequent ripening is due. Dur.
ing the period Of ripening the organ
isms are growing and producing pro-
found changes in the cream. Bac-
terra are primarily destructive agents.
During their growth they are pulling
to pieces some OF the chemical com.
pounds Of the cream and reducing
them to a condition OF greater sim.
plicity, giving rise to a greater mum.
Der Of so-called decomposition pro-
ducts Chemistry has not yet explained
all OF these changes A few OF them
we partially understand. We know
that some Of the organisms act upon
milk-sugar, converting it into Tactic
acid, with the carbonic gas as q by
product. We know, also. that some.
times butyric acid is produced, and
that sometimes ferments similar to
rennet and trypsin make their appear
ance in ripening cream. Alcohol Ii
also n common product, SO much so
that the butter flavor has sometimes
been attributed to this product alone
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
English Duck Farming

The equipment Of an English
duck farm is very simple, says
DIR. Frean. One or two wooden
sheds, each with q run in front,
are sufficient The classification
Of the ducklings is determined by
age. They are, accordingly, divided
into CLOCKS" Of one week old, two
weeks old, and other ages At u week
old q flock Of Aylesbury ducklings is
an extremely pretty sight. Each bird
is a little ball OF yellow, fluffy down,
furnished with q bill OF delicate hello
trope color. The youngsters are very
nimble, ana keep together as they
run up or down, or across their limited
range. uttering continually the plain
tive call which falls upon the ear al
most like a plea for protection. AS
age advances, the feathers turn white
and the bills grow paler. Very com
monty the run is Uttered with straw,
upon which the little creatures will
peacefully nestle on a drowsy, sunny
afternoon. AS an example OF econ
omy in small things, it may be noted
that the straw is periodically gathered
up, shaken out else where to dry and
sweeten, and then strewn again upon
the run or under the shed, In one case,
where a large shed is used for the
ducklings, the straw Is taken out
daily, and the mud floor swept, sprln
killed. with a weak solution of carbolic
acid, and busted with lime before the
straw is put back again. Great care
has to be exercised in keeping the
ducklings healthy, and cleanliness IL
necessarily a first consideration. IL
the spring Of the year, a duck reare,
near Tring lost 1000 ducklings, ant
attributes their untimely death to
species Of lovse, caught from the broo'
hens, he opines, fastening on the bacl
Of the neck. 1t will be understood
that the soung birds destined to b
killed as ducklings are never allowe'
to roam at large, nor do they go O
the water, the object being to reduc
the wear and tear on the muscula
tissue to q minimum, SO h a as niue
as possible of the food may be utilize
in adding to the weight OF ties
, upon the bird. As the duckling
, are never kept for breeding purpose.
, this somewhat unnatural mode OF III
can have no i'll effects Of an hered
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

A foreign exchange calls attention
TO the great danger that meets the
milk consumer, when said milk is
drawn from u large number Of cows
scattered over many farms, unless
some rigid system Of inspection be in
vogue. Milk is known to be a good
medium for the carrying Of disease
germs, and certain maladies are spread
through whole communities In this
way. II scarlet or typhoid fever, for
instance, breaks out on q farm, from
which milk is being shipped, there is
great danger that the germs OF those
fevers will be carried to the factory,
and thence scattered far and wide.
DIR. Welply Of England, writing on
this point, says:
DAIRY farming has been partly
.evolutionized by the adoption OF
creameries, to which a number OF
farmers send their milk, The milk Of
all is there mixed together, the cream
removed, and some OF the mixed skin
milk-known as separated milk--is theI
sent back to the farms. The common
danger becomes evident as soon as at
tention Is pointedly drawn to the fac
that a group of diaries Is thus placed
in intimate relation with each other
The milk going out from one goes u
all, and bears with it any impurit!
that it may have acquired Mt 1t
original source. Instinctively, ont
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

LIQUID MANURE. 1T would be we'll
IL oil practical farmers were to record
their experience with liquid manure.
This is mine. As q young man had
my tanks, pumps and carts. All
through the winter it took a man and
horse about two days a week to keep
the tanks from OVERLOOKING. I always
applied the liquid to grass, but seldom
found much benefit from its applica-
ton, save in early spring. estimated
the cost Of it's application at 10 shill-
ings q week. But the pumps were al
ways getting out Of order, the dis
tributor would choke, and the tanks
would overflow; so l turned all the
rainwater from the house and farm
buildings, which had previously gone
elsewhere, and every drain that l had
on the homestead into the principal
tank, and then had q six inch pipe
laid to q pasture, down which the
liquid MANURE could run by its OVID
gravity. 1t then irrigated about one
fourth of an acre, and produced a
wonderful increase Of grass on that
rood Of land. But l found that 100
pounds Of guano-it was guano in
those days-gave quite as much grass,
so l came to the conclusion that the
full value Of the liquid manure was 10
or Is shillings, ard not the f26 q year
IL had cost me. Further, 1t vas no
trouble beyond drawing out a few
burrows upon a fresh piece Of land in
the autumn. In this district, where
we usually have plenty Of straw. /
much prefer covered yards from which
no liquid can escape. &C S. Read, in
Bells Messenger.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

THE CABBAGE MAGGOT. Extensive
d%epredations Of this maggot are re-
ported this summer by the market
gardeners of Long island. The early
cabbage suffered very severely from
them. while the late planted varieties
are almost entirely free. 1t has
lately been learned that the insect
lives and breeds on the charlock or
wild mustard and other plants OF the
mustard family, in the absence OF cab
bsvs plants. The omission to grow q
crop Of cabbages will not, therefore,
ensure a radiance Of the insect the
following year, unless at the same
time the ground has beel kept free OF
weeds, especially those Of the mustard
tribe. One OF the best means OF pre-
venting the attack Of the insect, which
lays it's eggs on the young plants soon
after transplanting, Is to wind a bit
of tissue paper aroand each plant.
But this is expensive except in private
garden operations on a small scale. A
number of substances have been used
for the purpose O fkilling the maggots,
but none really satisfactory. Prof.
Slingerland Of the Cornell experiment
station, is at work on this problem.
The insect from which the maggot
comes has until lately been thought
to be Anthomyia brassicm, but lately
IL has been learned that this is Il mis-
take, and it is doubtful IL the insec.
which bears this name is in thin
country. The true name is now said
to be Phorbia aoccosa. -Vick's Maya
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19
Table of Weights aud Measures.

s'"iV W. "''I"'N hut s"'tHuT'Ss
4 teaspoonfuls Of liquid equal 1
Ia tablespoonful.
4 tablespoonfuls of liquid equal =
gill.
4 tablespoonfulo of liquid equal l
wincglassful.
tablespoonful Of liquid equals y
ounce.
/ pint of liquid equals I pound,
gills Of liquid equal y pint
kitchen cupful equals 4 pint
l quart Of sifted flour equals I
pound.
4 cupfuls OF -four equal l pound.
1 tablespoonful Of -four equals II
ounce.
3 cupfuls Of corn meal equal I
pound.
~ pints corn meal equal l pound.
cupful of butter equals = pound,
pint of butter equsls / pound.
! tablespoonful of butter equals
pint of chopped suet equals
pound.
10 eggs equal pound.
cupfuls of granulated sugar equa'
/ pound.
pint Of graduated sugar equals
pound.
l pint of brown sugar equals /;
ounces.
2I1 cupfuls Of powdered sugar equa
| pound.
IL drains equal l ounce.
Ii ounces equal l pound.
The Red Cloud chief., 1894-10-19

MONEY IN FARMINF. There is nt
trouble in making farming ply for the
labor bestowed upon it, together with
a good per cent on the value Of the
property concerned. We know this
from our own operations. and we also
see it illustrated by any number Oh
farmers round about us. The idea
that there is no money in farming is
all nonsense. Go through any com
munity of farmers and it ill be found
they are generally gettin : on well in
the world. Anything different from
this is the exception TO tie rule. At
the same time they hav' but a small
capital invested, yet they spend money
freely, have more OF the comforts,
luxuries and pleasuy 3 OF life than
any other class OF ! BORING people,
and in addition, as = rule, lay by
something each year cut OF the profits
Of their business. Il.