The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-12-09
THE BROMIDE PAPER WAR.
LITTGiTTON or DEEP INTEREST ri
AN PHOTOGR4PHERS.
Upon It Depends the Resuit OF mn Attempi
of the Eastman Company TO Control thti
Market for GcIntIoc.co,fn Is,nr-

va ~ AhNNmNn company TO Z OntrOl thN
Market for GcIntinc.coi tied paper.
The litigation now in progress between thu
Eastman Company OF Rochester. the manufao
turers Of the kodak camera and other photo
graphic goods, and Hoover & Getz Of Buffalo n
OF great inheritance TO every person interested
In Photographic work either rs an amateur or
professional. IL Is the result OF an attempt oh
the part OF tho Eastman Company TO secure tn,
control Of the markets OF this country in the mat
tcro nil gclatinc-coated Photographic papers.
A few years ago this would have meant littli
In u commercial way. At that timo the grea,
bulk Of tho paper used for making Photographic
prints was coated with albumcn and sold In thai
form. Each person who used this papor senst
tiled IL for himself by floating II on n bath Of
nitrate Of silver and afterward hanging IL in th}
fumes Of anmonia. The process of preparing
tho albumcn-faced paper was olso simple and
required no special machinery. Tho nlbumeu
used was the pure white of eggs beaten into
froth and allowed to settle, and the papet
had merely To be hoated upon 1t and theI
dried. No one could secure a monopoly Of thi
preparation of this paper. 1t was tho Introduce
ton of the dry.platc process that led to the
change in paper and tho substitution of a sen.
siti2cd coating Of IN emulsion of bromide Of
silver In ~gelatine for the plain coating of albuj
men In marketable paper. At the present tim{
millions of dollars worth of this paper Is sold In
the United States every year.
Speaking In o general way, two kinds OF thit
paper are used. One, known rs the aristo paper,
Is for taking positive prints from under glnss OF
film negatives, and tho other Is for exposing
directly in a camera, either for taking llfe-slzS
portraits directly from the subject or for maxi
ing enlarged pictures from small negatives
The aristo paper for prints IL, of course. made
in The camera. Tho latter erA Is 'r Almost, \
not quite, as quick us a dry plate. There
Is q difference, too, in the preliminary prep
upon it u surfaclng OF baryta. a mineral SUBJ
stancc something like chalk. This makes the
either tinted or left pure white. as may be pre-,
ferTcd. The surface of the paper known In the
touched. Each paper is afterward treated iu
the same way IN applying the emulsion of gela4
arlsto paper the baryta keeps the coating OF the
emulsion right upon the surfaces: with the othei
but remains where tho light can act upon ii,
The hight is over machine and n process for
putting this bromide emulsion upon the paper.
The Eastman Company claims that undei
three patents, granted in 1857, they, are thd
inventors OF the only machine by which this
has been successfully done. and that the combs
nation of their machine and the process through
which i carries the paper Is also necessary TO
firm OF Buffalo who were making bromide
paper. They We're only one OF fifteen or twenty
Germs are the American Aristotype Company Of
Jamestown, Brad1sh Dc Pierce OF Brooklyn. the
York Aristotype Company of Bloomfield. n. J.
The people who are lighting the Eastman
4 Getz TO bring their suit against because that
hrm Is comparatively poor. and that they hoped
70 get 2uasment against them easily and then
houses. Whether. this was true or not dOes
a a1t % under the rHS lead Sig OF aot E. & say Az + fhy Rnt fha@ge &
GO. OF this city, they went to the rescue of
According to the story told by those who rep
resent the Eastman Company. none Of the
bromide paper was made in this country before
1883, and but little was used. What little there
was in our markets came from England and
France. This was all prepared in single sheets,
factory. About this time Mr.. Eastman began
his experiments IN making 1t. The only way TO
sheets, float them upon a pan full Of the warm
~gelatine emulsion, drain them as well
s Ss the ' corner. and The hs= sesssiti .se% ohar sS dG ~
the paper made It necessary TO carry on
the process IN q dark room, and the crudeness9 Of
cradle OF the silver emulsion was lost in the
away, leading to waste; the emulsion did not
spread and dry evenly, and the moving around
which, when il, settled upon the. paper. made
comet-like trails and ruined it for line work.
for too lon time. and IT had to be heated DUR
ing the continuance OF the work in order that it
The first attempt to improve upon this man-
ner OF doing tho work WINS made by FASTING to-
i EesRhss S iCns and an dPn passing INTO s { Ps"s baS SaiFn over or t sSs
emulsion with a hand machine something like
a wringer. This led to the final building ofa
ried on without the intervention of n single
hand after the paper aud the emulsion were
In this machine the pancr is taken from a roll,
and is, perhaps, 1900 feet, long ,and 10 feet
rollers, down around a third roller, which IS nearly
half submerged in the emulsion. then directly
another. down now to still another roller.
along under the pan to another roller. up
cline once more To where it Is caught In u
drying machine, like those used In wall paper
leaves il there until the operators come to re-
move IL. The things which u Is CANNED this
machine d9e5 are as roiiqws; Iifst mere ~ inc
smooth-faced roller, the edge OF the paper
forms a dam, and none OF the emulsion gets
paper being first carried up and aiterwaTd
down. the emulsion is spread evenly all over by
ing OF the paper is accomplished by having each
OF the rollers driven. As these rollers move
stretch that It might s6ow when IL gets wet in
the emulsion, and as they are all smOoth-faced.
IL so. The machines and processes used by the
other manufacturers have. not enough diner
ences for the layman to distinguish them, but
perhaps the patent lawyers will lind sufficient
ground TO inValidate the Eastman patents.
as h a searet I procsss G ant til MARI MARI a. i haRsr when hs
took out the patents for which he had applies
IN October. lhSl. Inc occasion Tor TINS step
seems % have been the fact that one Csssett.
who knew all about his machine and process,
left him and began making. paper Tor anthony
and largest house in the United states that
deals in photographic goods. They claim TO
when be gave mp being a bank clerk and began
making dry plates. In 1851, they say, one of
their employees, T.. c. Roach. invented
and patented the application OF the bromide
emulsion 70 paper, and as u was pretty neaTly
the same thing that Eastman was using ON The
glass for dry plates. they got him 10 prepare the
paper for them. Pretty soon he began to sell IL
10 Others as cheap as he did to them. aud then
they began 10 make IL themselves. They were
sued by Eastman In 1857 and agreed nOt 10 uso
the CAssett machine, which was made after tho
pattern of EastmaH's. They substituted 4 driyen
roller covered with rubber and went ahead. The
Blair Camera Company was afterward sued.
While this suit was pending n stipulation was
made by counsel which admitted that the con-
struCtion Of the Blair Cnmpsny's apparatus was
virtually the same as that covered by the Fast
man patents. IL was said bv persons interested
IN lighting the patent that this stipulation was
brought about by an understanding on The part
80 A. ws.- NJ .NU.- q l.H H. f. laUHlI .