The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-05-04


experiments in New Zealand, by
4. C. Frsdenberg, i taken from 8
recent number Of the Outlook.
During its brief history as au Eng
Lish colony, New Zealand has, per
haps. seen more interesting expert
meuts in State activity than any other
country in the world Some OF these
experiments are in the direction OF
State Socialism; more OF them can
not oe said 10 be SOci2listic in the
strict sense Of the term, IS they have
been undertaken IN order 10 sid aud
increase private enterprise This
growth IN State SelivIty n&S been due
Principally 70 the superior credit OF
The Government over individuals or
companies. British capitalists were
slow To advance funds 70 distant COM
pauiss, but the credit OF the Colonial
Government hiss been excellent. The
idea hAs SIso been prominent that the
Government should undertake certain
enterprises which could not promise
% be remUusr4tiye 81 the start. but
which were essential 70 the growth
and development Of the Colony. II
has uuque,riOua6ly been the preva-
lent OpIuiOu IN New Zealand that the
State = more thSn an organization
i0- the purpose Of government, and
that IC can properly undertake many
enterprises which are commonly car
ried on Uy individuals As result,
most OF those industries which are
included under the term natural
mOuopolissf are operated in New lea
land Uy the Colonial Government Orb I
The municipalities. The State has also /
successfully been invoked 10 change /
social conditions by various means, es- |
peciAily by taxation This extension !
Of State activity Is called by its oppou- 4
e1ts 10 England, aud New Zealand, |
Socialism; its friends call Il Liberal
Ism - or New Liberalism There
has been 10 thought in New Zealand
that they were really moving toward i
Socialism; much less hAs there
been auy conscious effort in that di-
rectiou- Mr.. Arthur Clyden, in 3 re-
cent lecture before the NStiOuSl Lib
sraI Club in London, said Of this
movement: 4 should describe il IS
g65s sg sgsPs sPss Py QlSdsFQEsd Q9SsYFE I'D tyteS5m HJIH
BY boldly radical legislation.
No taunt OF 'grsndmotheriy legiSIa-
lion for one moment deters them /
from the rssOlute exploitation OF the
strong arm OF the law for their pro-
lection against every oppressive force,
whether Of capital or class interest. -
Sir Robert Stout ; leader in New Zea-
land politics. i Of the opinion that {
'the strong iudiyidUaIistic wave has
spent itself, and that "the grand in !
stituti0u Of the State could De.
and ought % Dc, UtilIZsi for the uD- I
lifting Of the race" and he adds. NO (
lue could stop the great wave OF I
what they called Socialism if they L
-ik=d-7 Even Lord OusIOw, who o6- C
poses this extension Of State activity /
and calls It State Socialism. saws: Y
The example OF New Zealand shows s
= that the mere performance by the 4
state Of undertakings hitherto per- '
orued only by individuals, or asso- Q
.iAtIO1s OF individuals, heed Cause b
leither private wrong nor public loss, tl
% long as sound commercial uriucf- IL
lies are observed and full compeusa- ot
ion given for injury"
IN the early days Of the Colony il
,u6Lic works merely kept pace with u
pread Of settlement, but IN $50 came ei
he 'p1Olic works and immigration pl
olicy,' which provided for public @
TOEks IN advance Ot settlement. IN al
sr II about ten million pounds were 81
from English capitalists tE
nj expended in the construction Of IL
Dads and railroads in all Earts Of the -
'OlOuy. the extension Of telegraDhic or
mes, the encouragement Of fnmfgra- Al
.Ou- the purchase Of native lands,
uti the supply Of water % the gold I ~
=lds- The demand for railroads and / u
uJl1c WOrEs caused the original pro- a
o>al- % oe departed from, and . far te
Eeat=- sum vas expended Up % IN
T. rcL 81 1883, Il total Of EzB- 80 g-t Cc
Al been expended under this arr *
he expenditure On directly rEprOdue- ! De
We works h4s been EI6.SI3.s 3.sSg. / ri.
n-Ss works were not undertaken 20 ce
-1eh for the sake Of gaining revenue IA
; for social purposes The cUu.tIue-
On Of railroads By the government In
Interesting IN this connection To II
ls72- when operations under the u,
Iblic works poIicy were commenced Ob
lers were bat sixty-fige miles or rail- Tel
avs N operation In 1888 the gov pr
umeut had in operation IS-5 miles ma
railway, Constructed At = cost Of de-
out s7sI2 per mile. This includes lar
'th the expenditure on lines built IN
: the government and the price paid he
: purchased lines Many lines have Sts
en- constructed by the govern dut
snt for the purpose Of opening Ire
new territory, when il was certain NE
sc they must be operated at loss 10
: many years. Mr.. Pitcher, secre- IN
y Of the Railway Commissioners, for
ys; The advancement of settle Ge
snt, the opening up Of new country {
i increase 0f IL pfnduetiveuess, the aFe
JvisiOu for the employment Of large Ian
mbers, the eheapeniug Of transit, for
Ia for goods and Passengers, and inc
my other items, must al De reek- ger
ad - value Obtsined for the expen- the
ure, IN addition to the mere none TO
y returns; and if this Is done, the VII
. gain to the colony, due 10 the Ian
Bile works policy must De generally upc
nirte,fH me
he railroads, too, have yielded Ths
siderable revenue. The gross earn pOu
: f1r the year Is'2 g were sI.lSO, and
4