The representative. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1893-1901, 1894-12-26
AGRICULTURAL
FARMERS INSTITUTE.
Good Attendance, Able Instructors and
Profitable SessiOn--at0ck Rnfx-
Ing. DniryfnE and Diversthed
Farming the Leading Topics.
From the Farmers Tribune)

(From the Farmers Tribune.)
The institute was held at Pine City on
fhe 18th and 18th inst. The meeting was
opened precisely al ~ O'Clock by DR.. J. c.
Curryer, in the absence of Supt. Gregg.
The latter arrived about II a. m, and pre-
sided during the remaining sessions or the
institute. The doctor invited the audience
to give their views regarding the subjects
that they would like to nave discussed. In
response to this invitation it soon became
apparent that Pine City is in the center
of country where diversified farming pre-
vailed as the audience seemed to want to
hear on almost every subject relating to
the farm. He then referred to wha: had
come under his observ a ton in driving the
previous day from Mora. He was i'm
pressed with the fact that much of the
country around was peculiarly adapted to
successful agriculture. The great growth
OF the forest trees evidenced marked fer
ti'ity, ana many of the good houses and
outbuildngs showed that the farmers knew
what they were doing.
Mrs. Ida +. Tilson followed with an adj
dress on the proper construction of poultry
houses. She stated at the outset that it
was her conviction that profit of 81 per
wear could be made from eaca hen where
the business was properly managed. Per-
sons might not secure that much at first
but they would soon become able so to
care for poultry that at least 81 a year
to many may appear like small business
after all, yet il should be remembered that
Few dollars made in this way were not
10 be despised during these hard times.
Last season she had met with farmer in
Southeastern Minnesota who had made only
aio rom 80 acres of land. while his wife
g. during the same year had cleared $50 from
few hens.
The ordinary poultry house lid not need
10 DC large. She preferred it low, more
especially in cold climate The posts
need not be more than six feet high. She
preferred ridge roof, that there might be
an attic or loft overhead. This loft, if
covered with straw or coarse hay, would
help TO make the building warm. and the
attic is a good place in which to store
herDs, as catnip, etc, for winter use If
small cellar could be built under a por-
t'on Of the house it would be convenient
place for keeping roots. but the roots could
be Kept somewhere else, a very large
quantity of these is not required. She point
ed out the necessity of having low shed
at one end of the poultry house, and at
tached to ii, in which the hens might
scratch and thus get exercise in the winter
season. 1t should face the south, and I'M
less where the temperature is very low, it
might be open. If closed in, it should
have a large window in front to let in
sunshine She scattered straw, chaff and
such ma terial over the floor of the shed
every few days and also scattered grain
IN the same to encourage the hens TO
scratch for il. she described the nature
Of the siding. She preferred a double
boarding, with an air space between 1t
was important to have the boards inside
planned to facilitate the easy whitewa shing
OF the building. she described the charac-
ter of the ventilation. A box running up
the wall would answer the purpose very
Wei 1t should open into a little cupola
in the roof of the building She thought
sniff oh,
FOWL but five square feet would be better.
fowls should not be kept in large flocks
not having more probably than 50 in each
Iheo. Louis then spoke on the construc-
tion of hog houses. He said there was no
ANIMAL on the farm which brought him a
better return than the hos. He dwelt upon
the FOLLY OF not providing shelter for hogs.
In TOO many instances they had to seek
tnelr own nests. The meanest cussedest
place was frequently thought good enough
Tor the hog. He pointed out the great cost
illness of giving extra food to keep up ami
NAL heat when the same end could be ac-
complished by providing warm shelter He
graphically depleted the folly of calling
PIGS out OF warm nest to feed them out
SIDE, when the weather is so cold that the
feeder has to put his Overcoat before
going to do the work. How would human
being like to be reused out of bed and taken
outside on cold morning to get their
breakfast. He dwelt upon the inheritance
O.
Niding her with shelter that the youno
filters or any considerable number of them
would not be lost. He then described diff
ferent kinds of suitable hog houses Some
OF these were very small and cheap, while
the large ones could be built so they would
not be costly. A dry and sheltered place
should be chosen for building a hog house.
Ii should If possible, face the sun that the
yards might be located on the sunny side.
He also described the nature of the divis-
ions, trough accommodation and other
things pertaining to hog houses
X. n. Morgan then gave an address on
the digestion of domestic animals The
symptoms of collie in horses included lvine.
down and getting up, paving, spasms indi-
eating PAIN, with intermittent periods Of re-
lief. The remedy to use would be one-ha1f
tablespoonful soda, one tablespoonful GIN
ger and one tablespoonful CAYENNE penner
Give these in the form of drench and
follow with one-half pint of raw linseed oil
The symptoms of inflammation of the bow
els included lying down and getting IN
put in this instance the horse would lie
down gently. There were constant indica-
lions OF severe pain. The remedy consisted
in giving an ounce of laudanum 70 deadon
the pain. The animal should then he Gov
ered with not blankets and rubbed vigor-
ously. as it would be found that tbe ex
tremities of the animals. as the cave a.n
would be cold. The aid of a veterinarian
should be secured as this trouble is dar
SerouS and IL not checked will oarto;,I,
end fatally. 'ii'S
w. l.. Carlyle then gave an addrass -,
the food and care suitable for dairy co,,.s
lie touched upon the Importance Of n,oL;,,
butter in the winter rather than in tho s,na
mer and gave the reasons He had hoard
1t said that three things were necessary IN
making butter These were first a rood
COW; second, good stable, and third oood
attendants. He condemned the use of stan-
chions which fastened the cows so that the,,
could never be quite at their ease In thai,.
own stables they kept the cows in Mace
with chain which ran along behind then,
about two feet higher than the drop He
emphasized the Importance of feeding on1,.
good food and plenty of it, and shovel ~.
mistake made by those who feed their COWS
an insufficient amount to produce maximum,
results. They should not be given lev va
ter in the winter if there is any reasonah lo
way OF providing them with water from
which the chill has been taken. When
the water used is brought into the stable
by means of pipes 1t was usually of this
character. He favored sailing the cows
regularly. They had proved in their own
experience that when the cows were fur
nished regularly with salt and with plenty
of it they gave more milk, and gave milf
of a better quality.
Prof. Shaw then gave a short address on
the advantages of an agricultural educa-
ton which could be obtained at th, ITn;v.r-
sity State Farm School at st. Anthonr
Park With pride he told them tbat th;s
school was leading all institutions of Tho
Kind in the United States at the nresent
time. The regular attendance would soon