davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
FOUL CRIME AVENGED
Calvin ], Christie, Alias Black, Hanged Tor
the Murder Of Mrs. Lena Cum
ningham,
AFTER pRhYseHesNO, "ler HER CO.
Special 10 Tho Independent.

Special 10 Tho Independent.
tulspoil Dec 2i.-The murder Of
Iona Cunningham has been avenged
Calvin ]. Christie. alias Chan J.. Black.
swung into eternity nt 1907 this morn
Ing, Sheriff Gangner aroused him from
a sound slcfp az seven. Christie ate u
hearty breakfast of cggs md oysters,
lie refused stimulants. saying he needed
nothing 20 brace his nerves. Rov.
Fisher WIS with him All morning and
up b the last moment Christie prayed
frequently. ana when the crowd COM
mcnccd 20 assemble he walked rapidly
back and forth in hts cell. Promptly
nt seven Sheriff Gangner opened the
cell door and read the death warrant.
Christie then put on his coat, ana after
shaking hands and bidding all the pria-
oners aud his guards goodbye the pro-
cession started for the gallows. lie
smiled and was AZ cheerful az II going
on pleasure trip.
Upon mounting the scaYold Christie
stepped upon the trap. looking up al
The rope 40 as TO stand In the right spot
lie knocked the snow on his shoes, and
looking over the crowd he recognized
a former acquaintance % whom he
! shouted "Iicllo, Jack" There were
about l5O people within the inclosurC
10 witness the execution. The sheriff
Immediately adjusted the straps, and
as he was buckling the straps around
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22

change the general features Of the orig.
lnul bill
Two very important features appear
for the first time tn the substitute. The
original Carlisle hill contemplated that
all national banks must rc-organlao
under the new plan. This would have
required them 90 surrender the govern
mont bonds which now constitute The
basis Of their circulation, The auhsti-
tute does away with this imperative
change. II national banks wish b. con
tlnue 20 hold their United States bonds
10 Issue circulation thereon. they may
do so, tits felt that they viii soon dis
cover the advantages ~ the now syB-
TEN and therefore adopt u voluntarily,
Another important feature Of the sub
htitute IL thnt " dopB away with un-
known liability. The banks guarantee
the notes Of all the other banks. The
original bill contemplated that. " ma
tional bank failed its notes could be
paid out ~ its assets and "a general
SAFETY fund" made up by all the banks,
but, II the assets and safety fund were
insufficient "a pay the notes Of the fall
ed bank, then the comptroller ~ the
currency was 10 make n pro rata as
sessment Ia shoulder them with the un-
known risk, In effect II made them
supply Insurance on all the notes OF
banks In which they had no concern.
In view OF these criticisms, the substi-
tute viii do away with the assessment
plan. The safety fund viii be the limit
OF liability Of all the banks for the fat
ure OF Individual banks They w.
however, be compelled TO keep up tLis
| safety fund by more rigid provisions
than proposed in the original bill.
Cox, Of Tennessee, gave notice of two
amendments he would offer; 10 remove
the discrimination IN the original bill
against national banks and I'm favor Of
state banks, The first Increased the
deposit OF state banks from 80 per cent
10 S5 per cent, 90 compensate for tho
five per cent safety fund necessary In
the case OF the national banks. The
other subjected state banks issuing
notes Of smaller denomination than 81
10 the existing 10 per cent tax, national
banks being restricted by the bill from
issuing notes OF less denomination than
SO
Walker then secured an arrangement
for printing the substitute. together
with his substitute, In the record Side
| by side.
Two bills were then passed by unani-
nous consent, one by Ellis, of Oregon
20 exempt articles designed for the Port
land Universal exposition from duty
and the other by Lynch. OF Wisconsin
for the relief of homesteaders whose
property was devastated by the forest
fires last year.
The special order for a night session
was vacated and the house, at $40 p
m, adjourned.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
GOOD SHOOTING.
Made by the Pacific Mail Steamship Com
pany's Report

New York, Dec. a,-The Pacific Mail
steamship company's report for the six
mcnths ending oct, 81, is rs follows Gross
earnings. H.9iO,SiS; operating expenses
81 .657 ,5i; net earnings. $685. cNtraordl-
nary expenses, $1,000; surplus earnings.
sSnS. .6ql The Atlantic line earned SM,Npi
thr Pan-Amcrican line S9SN,lSii the Trans
Pacific. S67S,622.
In addition TO the $4,000 charged to eX-
traordinary expenses, SJ,Sai were oNpend-
ed In current repairs and charged TO opet-
ating expenses. The feet has been kept IN
first class efficiency. The FUND for general
and extraordinary repairs was. on Oct 81,
sl1o.OSS. The company has no bonds out
standing. Eliminating the contingent a.
sets and liabilities current the deferred as
sctp are SgI5.g1O greater than like liabilities.
Aprl N the liabilities exceeded the assets
s71G 200. showing gain in aiN months OF
81 Oea O5O since october ~ bills payable
have boon reduced from SN.OOO 10 slsOOl0.
Against this II has Sg, $50 cnSh ana $4,000
iron Mountain bonds. nbout enough io pay
on the entire amount OF outstanding loans
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
eATTLeSHlPs ARE BEST.
According to Reports Of Naval Officers at
Chinese Stations.

Washington, Dec. 21.-While the Chi
nese mail which has just arrived at the
navy department failed TO bring any
news OF events which happened at Port
Arthur during the occupation OF that
stronghold by the japanese, 1t did in
clude the first reports which have as yet
reached the department from its intel
ligent officers at the seat Of war touch
ing the great naval engagement at the
mouth OF the Yalu river. one OF thu
officers reports confirms i'm every re-
spect the press dispatch published soon
after the battle and perhaps the most
significant portions relate to the bat
tleships OF the Chinese which Were op-
posed to the Japanese cruisers. In sub
stance they show that the heavily ar
mored vessels were practically unin-
jured by the Japanese fire. and as this
fact tends strongly 10 bear out the argu-
ments i'm favor of the battloshlp as
against the cruiser as set out In the
report of the secretary OF navy 10 con-
gress, without doubt the reports Will be
exhibited to the naval committee In
connection with the pending proposition
for the obstruction OF three more bat
tlcships.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
A HARDENED CRIMINAL.


Special 10 The Independent,
kalispell. Dee. l2.-rhe execution OF
Chas. J. Black removes from this COM
muuity a ficnd who deserved the fate
that bcfrll him. He sought out FOR a
victim good woman who WAS a loving
wife and mother. lie surely contem-
plated murder for the reason that he
provided himself with such "a murder
ous weapon. On the evening of April
~ Mrs Lena Cunningham, wife OF John
Cunningham left the town of Columbia
Falls, ln the north end Ot the county,
and started for hrr home, about three
miles north of that town. She WAS last
seen about $50 O'clock. Black wnR seen
tO go In the direction of the acune uf
the murder hy another trail Just ahead
of the woman, A about O'Clock IA
neighbor. while driving home his COWS,
discovered the pruhtratc form of a
woman lying IN a pool or blood, She
Wns vet alive, but Unconscious, nUt-
withdrawing q number of ugly wounds
upDn The head. lie recuNnlSod the
woman and hnstened 20 inform the hus-
band aud at the same time to hlnrn
the neighbors In very short time the
whole community was up In arms lu0k-
ing for the pcrpctratpr ~ the foul ana
cruel deed. Bg this time Black had
reached town and was one of the ilrst
to join party 10 go 20 the scene. It's
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
IN CONFERENCE.
The Democrats Consider the Matter anc
Decide.

Decide.
Washington, Dec. 2l.-A caucus of
the banking and currency committee
democrats was held at the committee
rooms last night, the following mem-
bers being present; Springer, Cox, Cul-
berson. Sperry. Warner, Cobb (Ala-
bama). and Ellis. The absentees were
Cobb (MissourD, Hall (MissourD, and
johnson (Ohio). II was reported that
Secretary Carlisle was present, but this
proves Incorrect. The discussion took
wide range. and the sentiment was gen
eral that the bin would have to be ma
teT1ally changed In order to meet objec-
tions and command support which
would secure It's passage. The needed
amendments were formulated. and
when the caucus adjourned II was not
contemplated that the Carlisle bill
should be more than amended. II was
arranged that Mr.. Springer should see
Secretary Carlisle to-day and submit
the contemplated changes,
When Secretary Carlisle and Mr.,
Springer met to-day II was determined
that the better plan would be TO frame
a new measure In the nature of sub
sttute irstead of mutilating the ori-
ginal bill with many amendments
which went TO Its vital principles, Ac-
cordlngly the substitute was agreed to
IN full. and as soon as II can be copied
and put in proper bill form II will be
presented 10 the house and thenceforth
be the bill on which the currency debate
is to proceed
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
He Wants Damages.

Geo W. Thompson has brought suit
against the Summit Wood company to
recover damages for an alleged brccch
OF contract Mr, Thompson had al
lowed the defendant company to cNtcnd
It's spur OF railway No Deer Lodge
county over land belonging to him, and
Ia cnnsidera lion ~ this had boon giVon
"A contract FOR several thousand cords
Of wood. Ito alleges that hc cut 2,l3S
cords and hauled 2,2oO VI them to the
track but that the company itllcd ~
prnyldc ears for the transportation of
ihc wood. because OF this, MT Thomp-
son claims to have suffered loss to the
amount of S,}S. ana Dsks for damages
for that amount with costs
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
Arhlrd Party Conference.

John Gaohcl secretary Of the state cen
trnl committee of the popullat party, has
issued 10 Cnil for a meeting OF that COM
mlttro la Helena ON Jan, B. The rhnirmvn
OF the county committees, the people X
party representative aud aenutors In the
legislature. and others Interested ~ INC
pnrty are expected 10 nttcul, Tho object
uf the meeting " stated to be 10 outline
policy for the guidance OF the partN be
tween now aud the next state convention.
The call says that whore n member OF the
state committee h unable financially TO
respond 60 H. the populists In hts county
ahould contribute toward the expense.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
He Never Came Back.

Boston. Dec, 2l.-pnul J. Swain. well
known merchandise broker of Providence
aud this city. left hla orlco on the morn
ing Of Dec. n, to meet ID financial ohlirn-
ton, and has not returned. IL II now
known that his loHHcn made II imposslble
for him TO meet his indebtedness. aud IN
stead Of Keeping the appointment with his
creditors, swain wont Go New York whore
all tpcr ot him is lost. The liabilities, II
N claimed rcnch nearly $4,000. The as
aota are only few thousand dollars.
Friends fear hr has become insane.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
Cans 6
Sen HCL-oaoe

TODAY is the anniversary of
the landing of the Pilgrims at
Plymouth, in 1920.
The day will be celebrated
with unusual pomp all over the
United States. Senator Henry
Cabot Lodge will deliver the
address In Boston. The New
England societies in New York,
Philadelphia, Chicago, San
Francisco and other cities of the
country will enjoy dinners and
speeches.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
Held ON Two Charges.

salt Lake, Dec, 2i.-C. G, Valentine and
Mrs Mulynney, who arrived here last
nigbt from Texas. were nrTaigned, charg
cd with grand larceny I'm stealing money
ana property from Thomas +, Mulvancy
tn the value OF $1,000. Another indlct-
ment charges them with adultery Hoil
for each la the 6rst case was fixed at $40
900. and in the latter case At S2,W0 Mrs.
Mulynncy promlnrd 10 give ban In u few
DAYS and WAS allowed 10 remain ul n
hotel under guard, I'm default Of bhl Val
cntlne was committed to the penilonilhry
for safe keeping.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
cnrnnt Hnrrar,s cnroar.

Little Rock. Ark. Dec. u,-IudFs
Edrrrton has fcfuaed new TRIAL 20
1erc Hnraison. n Pine nlur attorney,
convicted OF pension frauds. Ills He0-
teucr ta two years IN thu Detroit hpuas
of correction and flnc ~ 10000 there.
forr VIII stand, Ilarnla0n Wnn "a meme
her 0f conRrcHf from Alabama during
the rccongtructiou period
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22

Jamestown, n, ", Dec ei.-Thr removal
of the murdered Mrs, shcnrmanH eyes
for second Photographic experiment has
not been rewarded With nucccaf. Tho eyes
are covered with 10 iilm which prevented
tho dlsecfnmcnt of the figures nccn yratcr-
day afternoon The coroner thnka if thr
eyes had been undlgturhcd photographs
could easily have been taken.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22

Liverpool. Dee, q The Post says On
urrang, mcnt has been concluded boz
tween the iiodmOndtteg ana Tn roys
crumcnt Tor the rcisasn Of certain pl 10
Oncra confined for participation in df44s
mite outrage. AmDnf them lH ilfn
DAILY who viii BE- ncmlnted f0r p.flAAr
mcnt In Limerick.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-12-22
Bank Statements.

Washington. Dec 2i.-The comptrol'
Ter OF the currency has issued call foi
reports of the condition OF notinna
banks at the close OF business Dec ~.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
IN THE EIGHTH.
GEN. JOE WHEELER IS -wHooPINa FEM UP
 FORA BIG VICTORY.

GEN. JOE WHEELER IS swHooPING FEM UP
 FORA BIG VICTORY.
 HARTsELLE, Oct. 10.-[Special Corre- spondenoe. l-Tne congressional campaign in the Eighth is being actively pushed. General Wheeler is making on an average ten speeches week, and wherever he goes arouses much enth usias.n. He will com mence speaking in Morgan county next week and will make about six speeches in this county. Capt. Joseph F. Johnston, Hon. Daniel Coleman, Judge Richardson and Hon. Oscar Hundley will also make speeches in the district before the cam paign Is over. s.s- fz='3f
 Colopel Crandall after an absence of three weeks in Washington, Boston and other eastern cities, has arrived and will proceed to hustle the boys. It is expected that he will spend some "boodle' quite freely. His defeat is a foregone conclu- slop. He is simply running for what is ''in it' at present, and with the hopes that the next congress will be republican aud on mere pretexts that General Wheeler will be unseated. @s',s'
 Editor J. A. Rountree left today for Montgomery to attend the meeting of the state democratic executive committee, which meets in Montgomery tomorrow.
 The business men of Hartselle will give a "seed cotton contest, on the 18th. They are offering $50 for the best 800 pounds of seed cotton, and S25 for the second best.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
MURDER WILL OUT.

Right in our own city, at about p. m. |, October 6, we received fifty cases of w. L.. Douglass, Smith & Stoughton's, Rock & Go. s celebrated shoes. Will be sold this week with full line of school shoes for boys and girls.
 See our calf and French kid shoes for ladies' winter wear at 25 per cent less than any other house.
 St. Pierre's ladies' entrance 303 Nine- teenth street. Gentlemen's, corner Nine- teenth street and Third avenue. If
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
CLOSED THE POOL ROOM.

CINCINNATI, Oct. 1O.--Owing to the pro. hibition of Ohio laws the pool rooms have for years operated in Covington, Ky. Tos day all the pool rooms across the river are closed. The criminal court fined Sharp & Co. 5000; Mark Simonton, Payne & Co. i, U .Dd ndGinge. r Senness @no. S,oOO each The and informed them they would bs indicted unless the ordinance finding pool room nuisances only $5 per day was repealed. |. Mayor Rhtnock thersupon ordeted the DO. lice to close all pool rooms.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
The Worlds. Fair Tests showed no baking powder so pure or so great in Ieav- ening power as the Royal.
IN BAD SHAPE.

NORFOLK, Va., Oct. 1o.-The schooner Redwing, which ran into and sunk the schooner Henry Lippett, near old Point; last night, has arrived here with bow smashed and hsadgear Igone. Four of ;ths missing men of. the Lppstt arrived hers.. The engineer is supposed to be lost, as he was in the yawl. VI
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
FOR A SMALL SUM.

ALEXANDRIA,, Va, Oct. 10.-The steamer Howard Cassard, In the construc- ton oi which upon novel plans an i'm. msnse amount of money was epent, was sold at public auction here today tor e25O0. George Franke of Baltimore, a laf&e shsfe- holder in the enterprise, was purchaser.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
Dr. Prices Cream Baking Powder Worlds Fair Highest Award.
RECEIVED TO-DAY.

RECElVEU TO-DAY. .i
 Another shipment of fresh Belleview Plantation Pineap- pies, for sale by the piece, dozen or crate, at ID. 0. Behr rens', Grocer, Avenue F and 18th street. Phone 680.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

The St. Louis A. B. c. Bohemian bottled beer, brewed by the American Brewing company, can't be beat. It is made of barley and Bohemian hops, and none is put on the market until four months old. Meyer Marx company, wholesale dealers
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
Dissolution Notice.

HORSE GREEK, Ala Oct. I, 1894.
 The partnership of Moore, Price & Co. has this day been dissolved by mutual consent. All outstanding bills will be paid when due. oe5 6t
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
LOCAL LACONICS
Gathered, Noted and Condensed by Age-Herald Reporters-General
 Resume of Happenings.

Social club has been incorporated. It's off cers are: B. H. Lopez, president; W. 5. Winters, vice president; P. T. Whilden, secretary; A. C. Sharpley, treasurer. Its objects are social and literary.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

SToBERT-MAY WEDDING. MT. Thomas Stobert and Miss Mattie Katherine May were united in marriage at the Twenty. first Avenue Methodist church last night. MT. Stobert is connected with the Pratt City bank, and the bride is the daughter of MT. M. A. May of Birmingham. A large audience was present to witness the cere- monies and con gratulate the happy couple and extend best wishes.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

MARRIAGE LrCENsEs. Marriage licenses were granted by the, probate judge yester- day to the following couples: s. B. Pinney and Miss M. E. Marbut, Thomas Stobert and Miss Mattie Katherine May, J. A.. Goodsby and Miss Mary J. Godfrey.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

announcing the marriage of MT. Charles Berkeley Cooke to Miss Rosena May Poz- zoni, which event will take place at Mount Calvary church, St. Louis, Mo-, October "A. MT. Cooke IS an Alabama boy now re- siding in Atlanta. For a number of years he was cashier of the Security bank at An niston and is popular in the society circles of that city. The bride- to- be is a popular St. Louis girl, and attended Noble Insti. tute for Girls at Anniston, graduating there in June.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

and robust by the " DiscoSesry'1 It's espe- cially adapted to them, too, from its pleas ic which builds up needed flesh and strength
 In every blood taint Or disorder, if it doesn't benefit or cure, you. have your money back.
 Dr. R. V. P1ERcE:- Dear Str = I will say that used the "Medical Discovery, for my praise your medicines too highly. You may rest assured that yon will always have my support.
 0Wss~z>.&'<2@se'@'sszzu1 z.'< s''ss 1-
 Postmaster of A,don. Pervy O., Tenn.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

UNDER ADMIRAL GERVIS.
 PARIS, Oct. 10.-The Gaulois says that if the French squadron in the east Is again increased it will be placed under command of Admiral Gervis.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
THE BEST SPOT ON EARTH

THE BEST SPOT ON EARTH TO find gold is not in our city. Atleast no such place has been discovered. The best place to save gold when you buy Groceries, however, is at J. A. LAIRD's. Remember the spot. It is No. 1919 4th Avenue. WE SELL Best stove gasoline, 5 gals COG. Best fire proof oil, 5 gals soc. Best water white oil, 5 gals
 soc.
 New Orleans sugar house molasses 1 gall
 lon 60c.
 Good New Orleans molasses gallon 40c. Cuba molasses, gallon BOG. Best patent flour per barrel S3. 50. Best patent flour per half barrel in sacks
 $1.80.
 Thin pig meat per pound 10c. New strawberries per can 10c. New black berries per can loo. Dove hams per pound 14c. Choice hams per pound 12Rc. Picnic hams per pound 10c.
 Best head rice per pound 6Ac. Cracked hominy or grits per pound 2hc. Best leaf lard per pound 10c. Choice Jersey butter per pound BOG. Fresh Tennessee butter per pound 25c Cleo butter 5 pounds for 50e. Arbuckle's coffee per pound 25c, ? for 45c. New mince meat per pound 10c. New barley per pound 100, pounds 25c. New Graham flour, pounds 25c. Fresh eggs received daily, per dozen 1715c. Granulated sugar 5c pound or 20 pounds
 for Sl.
 Charcoal 15c a bushel, 2 bushels 25c, by
 barrel 10c bushel.
 Hay, oats, chops and feed of all kinds. Dr. Salmon s cattle, hog and chlcKen chol-
 era medicine, per package 25c.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

Y. M. c. A. CONFERENCE. Mir. T H Johnston, president of the Young Mems Christian association, has appointed the following committees. Executive-James A; Stratton, chairman; Charles Roberts,
 Hawkins. Peter Zinszer. Educational Dr. N Ballard, chairman c Wheelock, Charles Roberts. Lecture and entertain. ment-R Munge James Bailey, w chairman; ! E Woollsy. Anditins-J A stratton, o Stone. vacancies--J P Coulbonrn, A N Ballard, o W Fiddler. Religious rneetin gs-James Bailey, chair man; man; F Wheelock, J M Paxton; W A man; Harry Wheeler, John D Phelan, Q Young. Membership-F Q Stone, chairman; J o Hendley, J D Chichester,
 11i3., W D Colby, < E. A Logssisy | Haley, ? HassWs eaosss aarsis, Ahi.s, s'Ss M Nesbft, George Idvtngstons, w M Hagood, Rhdolph, P G Hagerman. Ghurch-W T someryIlls, chairman; Q H stsssi Msss RSoHEs Dua9lsp, Cecil, chairman; o E Gaston, A B Love. lace, Frank Walton, A G Edwards, Ernest
 Hill, Vance. T Phelan, R Duck
 worth, Harry Orr, W Stone, Roscoe Me- G0nnell Com Bond qrant Q P Moore, Eugene at, Pritcb,ar ara ouSvlH Wpnliay naims Davis, W P Roden, Joseph zinszer. Visitation of sick-Janes T. Coulhourn. Extension-V L Alien, R V Evans, W J Holland. Boys' work-W P Tay- Tor, s Barues, 4 Q Moore. The an- nual conference and committeeman s tea will be held Friday, October l2, at 6:30, in the association parlor. Phe pastors of th @ city and others have been invited. These annual conferences are the most important | of fha plu m md yUnpk in all danQrk, ments are talked over and much inspira- tion for the season. S work received. The prospects of the association for the coming year are the brightest in It's history. As
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
New Fall Dry Goods Rolling in Daily!

OUR STOCK New Fresh, Clean, Choice and Cheap Only First handled bought for Spot Cash and will be sold Rock Bottom prices Below quote very few of our prices:
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11
4 PALE FACE

A TALh FAOH comes from poor blood. Your blood needs to be enriched and vitalized. For this there's nothing in the world so thor otlghly effective as pr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery.
 Children who are weak, thin, pale, and puny-s are made
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-10-11

The immense success achieved by J. L. Chalifoux & Go. has prompted other dsal- ers to copy after them-copied everything but their prices and styles of goods, and these we know they can't duplicate.