davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22

Last Saturday AS Posg~IxrEErEsx xeKx
1Ay 81 the Interstate fair. aud among
other features ~As piseAtlng contest
Lasrs wers Tour contestants Tor The honor
81 o~ans me champion p3e-ea;er OF Puget
sound A PIE Nas placed before each Of
sasn and, vita hands tied behind. TIE
BOYS csyoarea PIE Ike ve<itAsle pigs.
AenTy CO.aas. o. Seattle. was declared
Champion, za4 vel he might Be. Tor his
wAoss face asissssd vita PIE wasn he gss
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22


The best authorities estimate that the
total present money of the world, paper,
gold, silver, brass and iron tokens, used
by all nation. in Europe. Asia, Africa,
Australia and America. does not exceed
$40. loo. 10000. Yet here are the Populist
leaders of this nation proposing 10 issue
nearly ten times that amount for use in
the United States alone
The amount given above does not take
into account the salaries of the armies and
the hosts of officers who would be called
into existence 20 administer the compli-
Gated systems of bureaux proposed. As
there would be one bill may be cited
Bakers. IL. Il. 1870, creating a banking
system. This provides for twelve bank
ers general at the head of the system, a.
$40. 600 year for twelve years. with life
pension o. s., 600 year.
In plain English, If the Populist party
had been in control of the last congress
they would have appropriated enough
money to have bankrupted the entire
world nine times over. How can any
intelligent man who examines the Popu-
list record be deceived by their pirate Of
reform" and economy" when their
ahlsst and most representative men have
convicted themselves of the widest and
most insane extravaganza. Of penny wis
dom and pound ioolishnessf
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22

The Posf-IsTxILTcKscKR hereby suarsn-
tees its advertisers bona fide paid circu-
Iation, Daily, Sunday and Weekly, double
that of any other newspaper published in
the state Of Washington. Advertising con-
tracts will be made subject TO this grarsn-
tee
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22
NATIVE AMERICAN ARE CITIZENS.

BRlaey, Oct le. 1854
To THr EDITOR: A. the question OF cit
izenship is being discussed great deal,
wish you would publish something In re.
gard 20 IL. persons born in the country OF
unnaturaliEed parents being the chief
topic of discussion. SAMUEL CLKNEsTs
Persons born in America are citizens by
birth
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22

Hths PopalIsss should gss eoatrol Ct The
government Of AiRg esGasy the material
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22

CORDRAY's THEATER-w. " Russell, Act
" ing Manager for John F. Cordrsy.
Week Commencing Mondsy, Oct -
with regular Saturday Matinee.
A GREAT ATTRACTION WE INVITE
AT POPULAR PRIZES COMPARISON.
The Talented Tragedian -.
LAWRENCE HANLEY,
Supported By the Favorite Actress,
EDITH LEMNERT,
And augmented company of artists,
viii appear in the entfre plays of
Monday to Thursday ............ .OTHELL0
Friday To Sunday. THE FOOLS RENENGE
Produced with special scenery and
Historical Costumes
Regular Prices-s0c, soc, soc, soc, ac; box
sests, g.: boxes. S. Seats on sale at Theater
box Office. Telephone COS.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22
SEATTLE. aoSD<y, ocr. 80.
THE REPUBLICAN TICKET.
srArs OFFICERS.

STATS OFFICERS.
SAMUEL q. HYDE.
WILLIAM n. DooLITTLE.
Supreme Csurs Judges,
RALPH q. DUNBAR,
IA. j. GORDON.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22
w. G. Jones.
NJ. q, Winstoek.

Hon J. s. McMillin will spend Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday on the stump.
afternoon and evening, in skagit county.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22
PENNY WISE. POUND FOOLISH
POPa


PopuIists appeal TO the people to over
turn the existing government of nation.
state and county upon the plea that they
alone are real reformers. earnest in their
aim TO secure economical government. In
effect they say. give rs the Offices. and
we will RIM them for half OF less than half
that you pay IN salaries now" This sort
of appeal is captivating and successful
only with that short-sixhted class Of per-
sons who believe that they can get some
thing tor nothing: that work half done 10
as good as work we'll done; that If you
save .. the spigot you may lose at the
bang; that IL you take care Of the pennies
the pounds will take care of themselves.
How fallacious is the plea of the Popu-
lists that they are real economists may
readily be shown by an examination OF
some of their proposed financial legisla-
ton. Following is summary of some of
the appropriation bills introduced in the
last congress by Populists. The number
OF the bill, the name of the member in
Producing it, a brief summary of the title
and the amount appropriated are stated in
schedule form:
:. l,7ss frefferl, county road lun6 3 500 600
:. I.sg2 PETER, Treasury notes 20 be
loanel To states, counties cities. $50 00c, 600
:. 800 (Fefsfl ya ellc cooperation C. 600 100
II. T. s,Jii tDayisl, prohibiting Y.
6. bonds aud issuing currency. 800 100000
II. X. 2.S56 Davis. relief OF certain
mortgage debtors. ................ 2,ooooOo.coo
II. X. 6,Ie7 (Dsvn), establishing IN
du.rrisl army Of 10000 mem. 50o.0ooooo
:. s7e PETER. bureau o. loans to Is
sue treasury notes on certain
agricultural sad manufactured
article. ........,................. sOoeoo,0 o
:. CSC (PsfYcf,. call bonds and issue
"deeisrat0fy legal tender money" 60o0oo, 90
= SOS PETER. issue and reissue of
circulating treasury notes. 251, 900, 600
{. ZIG (Feffsrl. silver purchase and
IS uo o. treasury notes 10 eight
time. value Of 0allion $50. COO, oo,ooo
z. go PETER. employment OF labor
etc, ..........+.- .-..... s.OO0 90 coo
medium. .....,................... soo.oo,eoO
destitute. -. oo.ooo
5 l.7s1 tPsifeFl, pubic improvemts i2,oo0oo
IL *. 1870 i5akerl, government
BANKING ana public buildings e.. 5O0,000,00o
ii. K 1883 (Huason). TO take up all
certincates Of Indebtedness OF Z.
s OF all kinds. ..,................. 2ooo.oOo.ooo
Total. .......................... tse.lse.oOaoOo
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22

THE GUARANTEE LOAN AND TRusr CO.
Incorporated iss7. Capita t10og1o
Bailey building, ccrusr second ana casvrv
Trsnssets ageasral banking business.
SAVINGS DEPARTMENT.
Deposits received Ia ssy amount from 81 M
wards sad interest sl.esed thereon Mcuey
loaned upon improved farm ard city real e.tsts
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1894-10-22

yfRGTNFgS ....-...-.-... FrfEsy
RICHARD. TIE LTON-HEAETED-
....--.... Az sa,4-1Ay Mst!zes
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
Antiquity Of Smoking.

In the mortar of the tower OF Kirk
stall abbey, which fell in the year 1779,
Whitaker mentions that several little
smoking pipes were found, showing
that the smoking Of some herb or other
was in use in England 400 years before
tobacco was introduced. DIR. Petrie
mentions that pipes Of bronze for smok-
ing are often found in ancient Irish tn
null. In the monument OF Donough
O'Brien, king of Thomond, who was
killed A. ID. 1897 and inferred in the
abbey of Corcumrae. County Glare, he
Is represented with q short pipe, or du-
deem, in his mouth.
1t may be observed that in some very
ancient coal workings, which were
found under Lambton castle some 30
years ago, some of these very old smok-
ing pipes were found, and a generation
or two ago not far from Lambton very
poor old folks might often be seen smok-
ing the common white Powered yarrow,
a herb frequently found in country
churchyards. Newcastle Chronicle.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
IN ASYLUM inquiry.
Horrible Condition of Affairs Revealed
by Investigation of a British
Columbia Madh0nse.
BARBARITY BEYOND BELIEF
instruments of Torture ut Present
Unknown to Exist Except as Rel
les of Dark Ages.

VICTORIA, B. c., Dec. 13.-The report
of the royal commission appointed 70
investigate the provincial insane asylum
at New Westminster was laid before
the legislature. 1t shows . horrible
state of affairs at that Institution. Pa
tients were treated with the utmost
cruelty and barbarity, fiogging, dark
cells and ice cold water being among
the favorite methods of subjugating re.
fractcry patients. A reorganization Of
the staff will be proceeded with imme-
diately.
Some Of the Instruments.
A second report Of the commission
contains a catalogue and description OF
the various instruments of torture that
have been used almost daily in this
10th century institution and which
Superintendent Bregley and his assist
ant refer to as mechanical restraints. {"
These include handouts, rough steel
anklets, pinion straps, spike studded
steel mits, etc. OF the necessity for
this formidable array of implements,
the like of which we have never before
seen except in museums, rs relics of
past and barbarous ages, says the re-
port, we are unable to obtain satisfac-
tory evidence at all events as remedial
aOantS
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
BANKER CAGES VIEWS
The Chicago Financier Approves Car
isles Plan, But Thinks 1t Inn
practicable at Present.
FIRST THING TO BE DONE.
Issue $25O,OOO,O0 Low Rate Bonds
and Allow Banks to Issue Notes
For Full Holdings.

WASHINGTON, Dec. IA letter was
read from Lyman ]. Gage, the prom.
inent banker and financier Of Chicago,
at the opening of the hearing of the
house committee on banking and u r
rency. Mr.. Gage had been invited tc
appear before the committee, but as he
was unable. to come his views were
briefly summarized by letter.
Referring to the recommendations Of
the president and secretary of the treas
ury, MI. Gage says:
Agreeing with the criticisms made
by these officers of the government as
t. the present weakness of n situation
and the great d~esirability of separating
the government from the direct re-
sponsibility of currency issues ] am
persuaded that the country is not ready
to accept their recommendations as to
the methods proposed. In making any
change the method should be 90
simple that all can comprehend
it and it should be seen
that the incidental effects would not
be in any direction disturbing to trade,
commerce o. industry. / believe the
Baltimore plan carries the true principles
Of a credit currency, but we cannot reach
it by any one step, and years may in
tervene before it ear be realized.
The Way to DO 1t.
In the meantime the way for the gov
eminent to step out of the currency
business and place the burden of re-
demption on the banks is plain.
Authorize the issue of $3.50, 600, 900
Of az per cent bonds, payable at such
time as congress may elect (25 years
~desirable) to be offered to subscribers
at par. Accept in payment United
States legal tender notes or treasury
notes, the same to be cancelled.
Amend the national bank act so
that banks can obtain notes of issue to
the face value of bonds deposited as Sc
curity for circulation. Reduce the tax
on circulating notes to one-half of one
per cent.
"InIs done, national bank notes
would make good the caused
by the retirement of government notes.
In fact there would be some expansion
under it, to be followed later by some
contraction through forced redemption
of bank issues if it be true, as some
claim. that the volume of circulating
media in the United States is larger
than a be maintained and that the
outflow of gold of gold is natures
method Of eQualiZing things"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
ESSIONAL.


WASHINGTON, Dec. l3.-Mr. Baker
(Rep., N. H. asked unanimous consent
for the consideration of a resolution
fixing Thursday, Dec. 20, az the day
for the exercises connected with the
erection of statues of Daniel Webster
and John Stark in statuary hall. MI.
English dem, N. j. objected.
On motion of Mr.. Breckenridge
Dem, KY the house then went into
committee of the whole for the con.
sideration of the urgent deficiency ap-
preparation bill. The bill carried ST.
005, 295, but there were only two dis
puted items-the appropriation of $780,
600 for the collection of the-income tax,
and $3.50, 900 for the expenses Of special
examiners of the pension office. An
attempt to secure an agreement fixing
the limit of general debate failed owing
to the objections of Mr.. Bartlett Dem,
N. " who was at the head of the
opposition to the income tax and MI.
Henderson Ia } who led the opposition
to the appropriation for the special ex-
aminers of the pension Office.
Senate.
WASHINGTON, Dec. l3.-There was
but a small attendance in the senate
when called to order.
On motion of Mr.. Allin Pop, Neb.)
the senate passed with an amendment
the house bill amending section 3 of
the act of March 2, 1889, withdrawing
certain public lands from private entry.
He explained that the bill was import
ant at this time in view of the large
number Of persons in the North who
had been driven from their homes by
reason of drought.
Senator Gray moved to consider the
sugar bill, but the motion was lost %
to ~.
Senator vest then moved to take up
the cloture resolution. This was also
lost, "a to "a.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

WASHINGTON, Dec. l4.-The commit.
tee ON public lands reported favorably
to the house o bill introduced on Mon
day by Representative Lynch for the
relief of the homesteaders of Wiscon-
sin, Minnesota and Michigan whose
property and timber were destroyed by
the great forest fires of last summer.
One important provision Of the bill is
to permit partly burned timber to be
cut Immediately, tt save it from total
laSR
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
Claim II Was q Corrupt Job.

SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. IS.-Andrew
M. Davis, representing several property
owners on DUPONT street, has sued the
city for $4ll, 1886, with interest from
June, 1891. The suit is to recover
money paid under protest for the wild.
ening Of DUPONT street. IL the suit il
successful other actions will be com
menced to recover the remainder of the
o., 900, 600 paid for the same purpose. II
alleges the street widening was q cor.
rupt job and cost only $40O, 600.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

Collision Of o Trains ON o Chicago
Street Railway.
CHICAGO, Dec. 12.-In q collision be-
tween cable cars in the Washington
street tunnel during the evening, two
men were killed, IL more people
were seriously injured and o score of
others more or less bruised. The cars
were set on fire by the stoves and for a
time there was q fearful panic about
the wreck. The accident was caused
by the breaking Of the grip of one of
the cable trains which were passing
through the tunnel.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
MURDERED BIZ BURGLARS.

A PrOminent Cleveland Business Mar
shot Dead I'm His Home.
CLEVELAND, Dec. 13.-W. lei. Price, q
prominent business man, and a member
of the firm of Chandler & Price, was
murdered by burglars at $3.50 a. m. The
burglars were discovered in the house
by Mr.. Price, who was aroused by the
nose. He proceeded to investigate,
and when they found themselves dis
covered the robbers drew a revolver
and shot MI. Price. The shot took
effect in the latter's breast and he fell
where he stood. The robbers made
their escape,
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
GILFILLAN Is ILL.,

Friends OF Minnesota Chief Justice Are
Alarmed For Him.
ST. PAUL, Dec. lathe numberless
friends Of Chief Justice Gilfllan will
regret to learn that his health is very
bad and that he Ia confined to his bed.
For some time the chief justice has
been failing, and his friends cannot
help feeling apprehensive when they
consider his many years of labor, his
age and the unfavorable weather.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

ST. JOSEPH, Mo-, Dec. 13.-The Com.
mercial bank is in the hands Of Arthur
Kirkpatrick, he being selected as as.
signee. The directors decided that it
would be more profitable to close now
than to make up the deficit. The as
sets are 1926, 900 and liabilities 1910, 900.
principally being due depositors. No
other st. Joseph institutions are az
fected and no trouble is feared.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
Worst Drouth on Record.

CINCINNATI, Dec. lathe recent
rains have broken the worst and the
longest drouth v q experienced in the
Ohio valley. Not only was the river
almost dry brt even the railroads had
difficulty in getting water for their en-
gines. They ran regular water trains
for months. At many places in Ken.
lucky, Southern Indiana and Ohio,
there was a strong demand for water at
good prices per barrel.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
Shot at the Judge.

LEXINGTON, KY, Dec. 12-News
comes from Hazard. KY, that Judge
Hall was warned that if he did not re-
lease ON bail Jesse Fields and Joe At
kins, charged with shooting ex-County
Judge Coombs from ambush, there
would be trouble. Fields brother, the
county judge, was in court and when
Judge Hall refused to allow bail, Fields
drew a pistol and fred at Hall. The
court officers caught Fields, but his
friends released him.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
NEWS BRIEFLY REPORTED.

The cash balance In the treasury In
e155. 45S. 3s7; net gold, 500, SCI, 42S.
The win Of the late George P. A.
Healy Of Chicago, the artist, disposes
Of property worth $2l0. 600.
Bernardo Foglia, the New York wife
murderer. has been arrested at Nat
4, chez, Miss.
Recent rains have broken the worst
and longest drouth eve experienced in
the Ohio valley.
Charles Frederickson, arrested for
drunkenness, shielded in the central
station, Minneapolis.
The Anglo-Austrian copyright
treaty has been extended to India.
Australia and Newfoundland.
Henry M. West, q wealthy and
prominent citizen of Hopkinsville, KY,
committed suicide by hanging.
The steamship Trasonaddy has left
Marseilles with $50 marines and so
tons Of ammunition for Madagascar.
Eastbound freight through the 500
canal i'm December amounted to 40, 580
tons; westbound 8 400 tons. The canal
closed Dec. q.
Tramps blew open the safe in q gro
Gerry store and broke into q hardware
store and the p~ostoffice ut Dana. Ills.
They secured but little booty.
Representative Kiefer OF Minnesota
has introduced a bill for the appropria-
tion Of @4O,O 600 for construction OF o
military hospital at Ft. Smelling.
Washburn, Wis. shipped 2, 2s5, OOO
bushels of grain, 90, 000, GOO feet Of lum.
Der and ia, 600 tons of freight, and re-
oeived POS, 600 tons during the lake sea-
| son.
The Bourse Gazette estimates that
the applications for the new Russian
loan of e15, 600, 900 amount in France
alone to nearly 10 times the sum re-
quired.
Three men, tallying exactly with
descriptions given of members of the
gang that held up the Rock Island
train at Red river, were arrested at
Terrell, I. T.
The American line OF
steamships and the Thingvalla line oil
steamers have consolidated their inter.
ests in all traffic between Scandinavia
and New York.
The plant, property and franchises oil
the United Lines Telegraph company
in New York city were sold under fore.
closure for $50. 900. Edward C. Platt
was the purchaser.
r. NJ. Capehart, justice Of the peace
ut Velophen, Ind, while trying o rail
road man for some minor ~offense, was
struck on the head by the prisoner aud
killed almost instantly.
Representative Sickles of New Yorl
has introduced in the house q bill for
the appropriation of 500 per month tc
Mary Palmer Banks, widow of Major
General Nathaniel Banks
The Indiana supreme court has de.
cided that the Legislature has no right
to pass special acts to reimburse off.
cials who have lost public money
through no fault of their OWL.
Henry Shoemaker, who with two
companions murdered Edward Town
send in his store at Todd, 20 miles west
Of Hennessey, o. T., has been found
guilty of murder in the first degree,
and sentenced to imprisonment for life,
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
The Van Leuven Cases.

DUBUQUE, Ia, Dec. 1S.-The Van
Leuven pension cases were called in
the United States court during the
afternoon. The first to be tried is that
in which the defendant is charged with
conspiracy to bride the Cresco board of
examiners. All the afternoon was
occupied in securing a jury. Both Van
Leuven and DR.. Kessel, also under indict-
ment for participation in the alleged
frauds, were in court.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

A Minnesota Publisher May Save Hls
. Money For b Next Libel Case.
ST. CLOUD, Mimi, Dec. l3.-The &C.
tions for alleged libel brought against
the st. Cloud Times by Tyndaie
Palmer and Joan De Frietas, who de-
manded $50, 600 each, have been dis
missed, as plaintiffs did not appear
when the cases were called at the
December term of the district court.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

WEsTvILLE, Fla, Dec. l3.-The cy-
clone that passed north of this place
Monday was more dreadful and terrific
than was at first supposed. MFR. Skin
ner's house near Summerville was COM
pletely demolished and he was blown
some distance and found i'm an uncon-
scious condition and is thought to be
fatally injured. His wife and children
were all seriously injured.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

WASHINGTON, Dec. 13.-R. T. Van
Horn. the editor of the Kansas City
Journal, has, through counsel, served
notice upon Representative Tarsney Of
the Fifth Missouri district of his inten-
ton to contest the latter's seat in the
house. Mr.. Tarsney had a plurality ON
the face of the returns. but it is alleged
that frauds were committed in the dis
trict.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
Gompers VIII he Reelected.

DENVER, Dec. ii. The reelection OF
Samuel Gompers as president of the
American Federation of Labor is con.
coded as almost certain. P. j. Ma.
guire. Gompers' opponent last year.
and John Mcbride. president of the
Mine Workers union, are both support.
ing Gompers.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
a Farmer,

WHEATON, Ills, Dec f3.-Edward
Cit, a well.to-do farmer was murdered
in his harm by two employees known
only as Sam and Oscar. The murder.
ers had been stopping at the farmers
about a week where they applied for
work. Robbery was the object.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

DENVER, Dec. i5.-Aithough he is ale
most Frustrated by his recent arduous
laboIs, General William Booth Of the
Salvation Army resumed his journey
during the afternoon, going to Colo
RADIO Springs, where he win spend one
day. Then he will go to Salt Lake.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15

WASHINGTON, Dec. l3.-There is a
well defined movement ON the Demo.
cratic side OF the senate to take MP the
supplemental tariff bills no~twithstand.
ing the decision Of the caucus Of last
week to give the preference to other
measures and virtually shelf the tariff
hilIa
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
Schooner Mary Amelia Lost.

CLEVELAND, Dec. IS. "A special from
Sandusky. o., says that the schooner
Mary Amelia. which left Port Huron
on Nov. N for that port. has not been
heard from. and that she il probably
lost with her crew and cargo Of lath.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1894-12-15
IndianS Want the Coin.

CHAMBERLAIN, 8. d., Dec. 13.-Word
reaches here from Yankton agency that
the Yankton Indians have refused to
accept government checks in payment
for their land, and have demanded that
they be paid in either gold or silver
coin. These Indians are to receive