The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1894-06-11
New Jap. ans,
Gauze Fans,
Fans, Fans.
Low prices.

erS or railroads, canals, wagon roads,
reservoirs and drainage systems. Pro-
fessor Henry Gannett is chief of the
eastern division of this work and Pro-
fessor A. H. Thompson of the western.
''This topographic map, says Professor
Gannett, lis a necessity for accurate ge-
illogical survey. We begin by locating
number of points in the areas under sur
vey and then draw the lines, sketching
the topography as it rises or falls from
these located points. This is, however,
only the universal method of surveying
and preparing maps The cost varies
widely. The most expensive work is
that done on the mile scale in the north
eastern states, where it averages about
SO per mile. On the great plains in Kan
sas, Nebraska and the Dakotas it costs
less than a third as much, and averaging
the cost on all the scales for the whole
United States year after year it is about
s. per square mile. You can see how
very little work is required to present
the variations of level on this chart for
a section of South Dakota Leaving
out Alaska, the work for the whole
country will cost about 81 5, 600, 900,
which is as expensive as congress is in
the humor to authorize at present. The
work has now been in progress IL years.
Uses of Maps.
1.-THE amount of money wasted for
want of such maps has been enormous.
1t is certain that in the matter of rail-
road building alone the loss has been
many times greater than the cost of this
entire survey. In the large map you see
that the scale is four miles to an inch,
but this will not do for economic pur-
poses, and SO we have two other scales
the densely settled portions of the
t1n Ia of nj 10 10
inch and other sections at two miles.
These lines present at a glance the re-
lief of the country, hills valleys, noun
tains and canyons, each successive line
showing the increasing height above
sea level, so where the slope is steep
these lines are very close, and where it
is gentle they are far apart, and any
observer can see the slope at glance
The map is drawn in sheets II Is inches
long and from IL to Is inches wide,
each sheet upon a two mile scale, and
therefore comprising an area of half a
degree in latitude by half degree in
longitude, and so the width of the map
must be greater as we go toward the
south. -
Major Powe1Ts Grand Work.
1t was in Utah in the summer Of 1869
that first met Major Powell and felt
the contagion of his enthusiasm He
had made his first trial at the Grand
canyon of the Colorado and was full of
schemes for the survey of all that part
of the great rivers valley north of the
Arizona line, a survey since largely COM
pleted. About 100, 900 square miles of
the Colorado basin are now as familiar
to biologists as most of the area of the
older states, and scores of mining camps
are located where then only the Noun
tain Utes roamed, save when the white
hunters went there in the autumn for |
deer and other game and an occasional |
encounter with cinnamon bear and |
mountain lion.
John Wesley Powell, son of Meth |
odist preacher, is a native of Mount |
Norris N. Y, and became q teacher of |
geology and enthusiastic explorer while |
yet in his college course. He enlisted |
among the first in Illinois and left !
right arm at Shiloh-a loss which laid |
the foundation for occasional troubles |
ever after and has finally caused him |
the great suffering of which all lovers
of science have been sorry to hear. AS
professor of geology he went with his |
class-Of Bloomington, Ills.-tO Colora- |
do in 1867 and there conceived the grand |
scheme with which his name is so bril- |
hantly connected The surveys he began |
COuJlnu0u t1ll 4cf 4 ana were AT uISB u1l- 1
der the direction of the Smithsonian in |
stitution, but the matter grew to a sep |
arate department., and in 1879 this bu- |
reau was formally organized and Clar- |
ence King made director In 1881 he |
gave place to Major Powell, who now |
gives place to Professor Walcott
Three years after meeting Major Pow |
ell crossed northern Arizona with a /
band of Navajo Indians to the mouth of /
Pahreah creek, in the Colorado canyon, |
finding there the cache Of the Powell |
expeditions boats and supplies and at |
Kanab found Professor Thompson in /
charge of the work To meet such peo-
pie in the remote wilds, as that country |
then emphatically was, is one Of the /
most delightful experiences in the life |
of a rambler. In those days the once |
notorious John d. Lee was the only |
white man resident in all that region, |
but the Powell survey was followed soon