The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-03-04


perior adaptation in metallic Industries OF a
special class is m entlonsd in n London paper.
tts use enabling the manufacturer Of connect-
ing rods. crank webs. pump levers tail-end
nuts. eccentric rode. crossheada. &c, TO cut
and fashion the same direct from cold iron or
steel The machine in question is made in
sizes varying in capacity for dealing with ma
terlsl varying from eight to thirty inches in
thickness. the feeds and speeds for these differ
ent thicknesses being regulated to the most
| perfect nicely. Am onG the Advantages claimed
for this mech5 nism are. the requirement OF
case with any other Tor the class Of work per.
formed. II dspenses to a large extent with
| smiths labor and thus saves much expense.
The cut Is continuous and consequently no
| time lie lost In return strokes. ms In slottnR;
gether with the fact that the cut IS continuou.
4 enables the machine TO do from two TO three
| times tho work OF slottinE machine In rip
performed on this mschine which is impossl-
quantity Of useful scrap comes from this an.
peratps the greater value Of which. compared
| with the cuttings from a slottinR machine, is
claimed to cover the OPERATORS wages.
| One OF the technical papers complains OF the
recent adoption by some wool dyers OF a grossly
| unsuitable dye-possessing an ordinary red
| color. with the properties OF one OF the azo
| dyes similar to the fast reds and dyes wool
| In an ncid bath. This dyo ms stated Is sold
at seventy cents per pound. and Its analysis
shows as follows: moisture. 3.lO per sont.
common salt 1855 per cent: dye 1925 per
case Ia thus set forth. viz. common salt can
be purchased in rcasona Bile guam titles at three
having the exact chemical properties with tho
on. one in the mixture for thirty cents per pound;
about 10 OF a cent per pound
The new system Of winding binding Irvine
will. it IL thought, revolutionize the m Methods
| Iy in in tho nrati NJ hat
article for certain uses. Practical experiments
| which have been made with the new wind. II
| is asserted. prove its superior advantage to an
| extent highly satisfactory to the larger cord
| age producers and the adoption by them OF
| the new process seems to be an assured fact.
| A saving Of one third In the dim ensions occu-
pied by given weight OF material Ia its adj
| vantage In that parti cular over previous meth
ode. thus enabling the machine to carry one
| possible heretofore. and this, together with
AN absolute freedom from kinking, and tho
tlon lie found to he admirable in winding thread
| for other. purposes where a steady and iric-
tionless delivery is essential. also for yarns.
machine is believed to be not far distant
According to engineering experts It is esti-
mated that the average amount OF friction or
power lost by overcoming friction In machn-
err and mill work is Nifty per cent. OF the gross
power. the loss occurring at the fabricated sur |
faces This statement Is based upon the fact
that power dcman ded to drive the machinery
in such an Adjustment has been found by
competent examiners to be variable to the ex-
tent Of fifteen or twenty per cent. by change
Of temperature from heat to cold, rs from
summer to winter. Friction has been reduced
fifty per cent, by changing lubricants. Again |
the friction OF shpftlng IS known to vary with
for nj Al N hrnh faAt in lar moth
main shaft averaging about one horse power:
the loss OF power In mill ranges with different |
aging for cotton and fax about sixty per cent. |
with good managsment and In woollen mills
engine 10 found to range from four pounds per
square inch on engines Of twenty-five to- fifty |
Engines in factories, whsre the machines are
many and small. the friction amounts to about
the friction Is about fifteen per cent = this
loss OF power being exhibited where machin- |
cry Is well planned and erected.
A recent English invention aims to provide
security against liability to accident from the
slipping OF ladders. The remedy in this case
| is the Introduction OF a novel form Of shoe
| suitably attached. 1t consists OF a bracket
which can be securely bolted to each side OF
the ladder. formed at its lower edge with a
lug through which hole is bored. shoe be- |
ing loosely iointed to this by means OF y pin |
passing through It and the lug. connection be-
OF rubber is fixed; The effect OF this arrange.
fixed there is always a grip upon the ground |
which prevents slipping, the freedom OF the
hoTizontally without incnrring the least liza. |
biity Of slipping. When desired. shoes can Dc |
preventing any damage to the walls or the Or or
namental work.
1t is we'll understood that the gases OF COM
bustion from boiler furnace carry temper
ature In the smoke fue OF from three hun |
dred and fifty to five hundred degrees. and |
that ordinarily all this heat goes to waste up |
the chimney-that Is. this waste heat and the |
exhaust steam blowing into the air combined.
carry on seventy-ivs per cent. OF the thermal
value OF the fuel which is lost In an ordinary
steam plant. But. by bringing these two
sources OF waste together and utilizing tho
previously wasted heat of the iiue for impart-
ing one hundred degrees or more Of added
steam. and bringing the latter thus rehegted
and .rs.vaporated into active and efficient
tsse Of the lost energy d the fuel is recovered
and brought into use In the various manu-
boiling, dyeine. drying. Sc.. for which exhaust
steam in its normal condition is unavailable
live steam is used exhaust steam, reheated or
low, pressure. live steam -, supsrhestsd by
this service heretofore performed with high
pressure live steam-and In a more satisfac-
ton and dryness. This is one 81 the practical
triumphs OF odern engineering.
Prot C. ID. Walcott expresses the opinion
contrary to that entertained by some eminent
scientists-that geologic time is not to be
measured by hundreds OF years. but simply
by tens OF millions. This is widely different
from the conclusion arrived at by Sir Charles
Lyell who. bssing his estimate on modinca-
lions OF certain specimens OF marine life. as
signed two hundred and forty millions OF
years as the required geolnGie period Oar
ell. about ssventy.two million; Geikie. from
ssyeny;thr million upward; AleXR1der
Uphum. and other recent authorities, claim
from one hundred million up to six hundred
and eighty million, The data presented by !
DR. Walcott showing the distribution OF geo
logic time. or the different periods OF sedi,