davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24

and forage crops, and finally, should
consist of one or more cleaning crops;
that is, crops that either smother out
weeds or furnish ample opportunity
for destroying them in the cultiva-
tion demanded, for other reasons, by
the crop For the above reasons,
rotation, whenever adopted, should
contain, as far as possible, grain
crops, grass crops and hoed crops, by
the latter being ment such crops as
require tillage in some form during
their period of growth, as, for in
stance, corn and potatoes in America,
and potatoes, turnips, mangles, beets,
&C., in Europe. AS all ordinary ro-
tation must necessarily contain shall
low roofing crops, such as wheat,
oats and corn, they should also con-
tain deep roofing crops, such as the
clover and what are known ordinarily
as root crops In addition to the
above every rotation should contain
crops that are soil feeders, as it must
necessarily contain crops that are
soil robbers shat is crops that re-
store nitrogen. the most expensive
and most important element of fer
Utility. and crops that exhaust it, as,
for example, all our grain crops,
without exception. Applying these
principles, let US consider a moment
what rotations are practicable as far
west as cloyeTs can be grown. Vest
ern Farm Journal.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
The international Railroad.

There are many international or
practically international railroads
There is, however, plan for an in
ternational railload; that is. one that
shall run from North America into
South America, and surveys therefor
are now under way. A general plan
for the road was adopted by the In
ternational American Conference,
which was in session at Washington
at various times from October 2,
1889, to April 10, 1890. The general
route of the road is down through
Mexico. Central America, and along
the passes to the Andes as far south
as Valparaiso, in Chilli, making con-
nections with various existing or pro-
posed roads. The United States has
had three expeditions surveying
routes in South America, and some of
the South American States have also
moved in the matter, but we have
done most of the work as yet No
company has been formed to manage
the line when built, nor has any
amount been suggested as necessary
to carry out such road. The amount
would be enormous.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
Clay's American System.

Washington Letter to X. c., No. journal.
The tariff question, as it existed thir-
ty years ago, is not a living thing to-
day. Then it was almost a thing of
protection to calico weavers-now it is a
policy that primarily affects the soil and
the prosperity of all other interests that
primarily depend upon it. Here, as I
write is the National Wool Growers as
ISOLATION, representing among it's officers
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Missouri,
Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado,
Wyoming, Idaho. Oregon, California.
Is that local interest? Yet it was to
the request of this convention to be
heard that Senator Voorhees, talks about
'classes Of privilege, protection and
greed"
simply recite the above as an illus
tration of how the principle of American
markets for American products has
grown since Henry Clay first formulated
his American system. It is no longer a
thing that can be made an issue in par
ty politics, because it has come to be
fundamental and vital to all, and the only
means by which the American system of
free government by an intelligent peo-
pie can be maintained.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
Rotation of Crops.

A rotation, to be profitable, must
embody several distinct features. 1t
must comprise crops that mature in
different seasons of the year, in order
that the labor of the farm may find
profitable employment This is i'm
perative. 1t should consist of crops
for which the ground can be prepared
and the planting done at different
seasons of the year. 1t should con-
sist of crops that draw, as far as
possible, on different elements Of
fertility in the soil, and, if possible,
of some crops which restor the ele-
ments of fertility which have been
exhausted by our crops
1t should embrace both gain crops
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
STOCK AND FARM.

More than $3,400,000 worth of poul.
try and eggs were raised and marketed
in the state in 1898.
Doniphan county has greater acre,
age of vineyards than any other county
in the state. 1t is credited with 454
acres.
From Cove City: John L. Cook, ed
itor of the Cove County Echo, states
that the prospects for heavy crop OF
wheat and rye were never better in that
part of Kansas and that as applied to
Cove county, the acreage is larger than
in any previous year since the county
was settled. That all that section has
been we'll supplied with moisturebefore,
and the big snow fall through that region
which is still on the ground and will be
of vast benefit. Mr.. Cook says this blanket
of snow extends from east of Russell
westward to the Colorado line and prob
ably beyond. Mr.. Cook does not hest
tate to say that the people in this por-
ton of Kansas have never been in a
more hopeful, cheerful frame of mind as
to prospect, and that if seed is readily
obtained an unprecedented acreage will
be sown to barley and oats, and great
deal of new ground will be broken.
junction City Union: J. E. Gar
rison, one of Geary's energetic farm
ers southeast of the city, has been
devoting some attention in a small
way to dairying. He finds it not only
profitable, but attended with much few
er chances for failure than corn OF
wheat. From January 1, 1893, to De
cember 81, of the same year, eight COWS
gave cash revenue of $417.33, which
is an average of $52.16. The butter
sold amounted to $15169; cream sold
$11554; cheese sold, 500; value Of
calves raised, $50. This, it must be IN
derstood, does not include the butter
cream, milk and buttermilk used by the
family Of from four to six, and the
skinned milk given to the pigs. The
amount of butter and cream used by the
family was not stinted On January l,
too, all the COWS were not fresh, and 6
few heifers did not begin giving milk
until June. These are the plain facts
as given by Mr.. Garrison. He has beer
keeping account of all sales made.
A trifie more than one per cent. of al
the hogs marketed at the Kansas City
Kansas, stockyards are locked by the
official inspector.
! Nemaha coIGty leads the state in the
number Of bearing apple trees with
235, 600. Leavenworth county is COCO
second with PA, 500.
Mcpherson county leads all the rest
Of the counties in the production o.
poultry and eggs, having produced
$1O6, 100 worth Last year. Cowley comes
next with $99, 769 worth to her credit
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
Arrangement of Fields and Pastures.

A farm divided into large fields,
especially into long ones, can be Gull
tivated to best advantage with least
loss of time in turning at ends with
plows and machines. In the ideal
farm division, fences will be almost
entirely dispenseds with, facilitating
cultivation, saving for tillage the
land occupied by fences, also saving
the great expense of building and re-
pairing fences. The time has hardly
arrived in this country for the gen.
eral adoption of the practice of soil
ing stock. When it shall become
necessary to economic in the use of
land, when population shall begin to
crowd upon the means of subsistence,
pasturing arabic lands will gradually
cease.
So long as pasturing is continued
every pasture should be provided
with an abundance of pure, sweet
living water. A flowing stream is
generally considered very desirable
in a pasture, but creek often rend-
ers good deal of land unfit for Gull
tivation. 1t generally pursues a tor
toise course, has more or less wet,
marshy margin, and is not an eco
nomical method Of watering stock.
A we'll with windmill and pump
has recommendations, though where
water can be brought from a spring
and flow into a penstock the best
conditions are afforded. In either
pen or penstock, the overflow should
be conducted away ny an underdrain.
No good farmer will suffer his stock
to depend upon slough or swamp
water, or to drink at filthy, stagnant
pools. Such water must necessarily
affect the health Of stock and the
wholesomeness Of their products -
American Agriculturist.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
OUR RURAL READERS.
SOMETHING HERE THAT WILL
INTEREST THEM.
Farm Property Is Now Freer from Debt
Than it Ever Has Been Before arrange
ments of Fields and Pastures-Rotation
of Crops,
On the Farm Side.

For many years past the statements
have been industriously circulated
that very large majority of the
farms in the United States were
mortgaged for more than they were
worth. The deduction from this
statement is that agriculture in this
country was not a prosperous bust
ness. The impression was strength
ened by another that throughout the
Northwest the loaning of money at
high rates Of interest on farm mort
cages had been well-nigh universal,
and that the borrowers were not pay
ing up, but were suffering foreclos-
ures. There was a grain Of truth in
all this, but it was not the whole
truth nor the best part Of it.
Two agricultural papers, the Amer
lean Farmer and the American Agri.
culturist, have recently made a
searching inquiry into the truth of
these statements. 1t points out that
three-fOurths of all the farms in the
United States are owned free Of in
cumbrance. "Out Of every hundred
American farms more than seventy
one are fully paid for and less than
thirty are mortgaged. The average
mortgage represents only One-third
the value Of the farm on which it is
secured. The total value of the farm
mortgages in the whole country is
hardly tenth of the total value
of all our farms. In 1880 nearly one
fifth of the mortgage Indebtedness
was vested on farms, but in 1890
farm mortgages represented only one
seventh of the country's Indebtedness
on real estate Four-tifths OF the
amount of debt On farms and homes
was incurred for the commendable
purpose of buying and improving the
property, and like proportion of the
farms and homes were mOrtgaged for
the same purpose.
In 1880 the mortgaged debt of the
United States was about equally
divided between urban lots and farm
tracts. But in 1890 only "a per cent
o. that mUrtgaged debt was on acres,
while &c per cent. was upon urban
property Most of the facts have
been drawn from census data. But
there is no reason to suppose that
they would be greatly modified if
brought up to the present data. The
truth is, farm property is freer lfrom
debt than it has beenE fat any former
time during the last quarter of cen
tury. A very large proportion of
farms are bought on credit, or they
were a few years ago. A payment
was made down and the purchaser
made a mortgage for the back pay
ments. In time he made the farm
pay for itself, while all the while it
supported a family. A large proper
tion Of the agriculturistS did better
than this. They paid off their mort
cages and then laid up money. The
great increase in the proportion Of
urban mortgages results probably
from speculations that have been go
ing on in Western towns and cities
during the last ten years in real es-
tate. But if the facts cited are ap-
proximately correct, and there's good
authority behind them, no great in
dustrial business has been prosecuted
in this country with a greater aver
age degree of prosperity than agri-
culture. San Francisco Call.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
Ice Water Without Ice.

The Colorado journalist Mrs. Rom
ney, has patented, among several
other articles, a water cooler which
does not require ice. It is covered
receptacle, of cellular brickware,
manufactured of clay, sawdust and
asbestos fiber. In the process the
sawdust is burned out, leaving the
product cellular, or porous. The re-
ceptacle, with the water to be kept
cool within, stands in tray Of
galvanized iron, which holds water
to depth of two or three inches.
By reason of the porosity of the cooler
and the forces of the capillary attfac-
tion, the water in the tray constantly
rises through the cellular walls OF
the receptacle, and is as constantly
evaporated-thereby keeping the
water inside as cool Jas it is usually
drawn from a well or spring.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
A STUPENDOUS BRIDGE.
Serious Talk of Spanning the Famous Eng
fish Channel

Serious Talk of Spanning the Famous Eng
fish Channel
A new plan for connecting England
with France has been proposed. The
old idea Of building a tunnel under
the English channel has been aban-
doned, and now it is proposed to
bridge it. A careful survey has
been made for the work and practical
engineers have pronounced il entire
~ feasible. 1t has been found that
solid rock foundation can be secured
for the new bridge for the entire dis
tance, the bottom of the Straits OF
Dover along the line adopted as the
route Of the bridge being a level
cretaceous rock perfectly secured by
alternating tides, so that no mud can
settle upon it. This route is an al
most perfect straight line, twenty
and three fourths miles long, running
from Dover to Calais The greatest
depth of water is 167 feet and the
mean depth 120 feet Under such
conditions the construction of the
bridge proposed will be no great feat
of engineering The only remarkable
thing about the bridge will be it's
great length.
1t will consist of seventy-three
spans, one-half of which will be
1913 feet in length and the other
half 1,64O feet These different
lengths will alternate with each
other. They will have d minimum
clearance of 1T feet above high
water and will be supported on piers
the upper parts Of which will be
oblOng towers 14S feet long and sixty
six feet wide. They will be faced
with cut granite and will support
two braced metal columns which
will carry the trusses. The towers
will rest on base of masonry con-
struCted beneath the water by means
Of metal CaiSsOnS SurmOunted by
metal coffer-damS The caissOns will
be held in place by hawsers from a
circle Of anchored pontOonS Where
the depth of water is over 1O8 feet
foundations Of concrete laid on a
previously leveled bottom will be con-
structed. This concrete will be put
down in layers of from eight to ten
feet in thickness. The whole will be
of such massive character that no
wind or waves will ever be able to
make the slightest impression upon
it's stability.
The superstructure Of the bridge
will be composed of two lattice
trusses joined at their top chords so
as to be triangular in cross sections.
The trusses will extend over the
whole length of ! 1913 feet. spans be-
ing prolonged on the cantilever prIn-
ciple for 6l5 feet feet on each end of
the latter, with l ,640-feet spans An
independent girder, 410 feet long,
will be suspended between each two
cantileVer arms. 1t is estimated
that the bridge will take seven years
to build and will cost 1853, 700, 900.
but even at this tremendous outlay
10 per cent dividends are figured out
on the capital stock. An annual in
come of SIC, 800, 900 is estimated
from freight traffic and SO, 400, 600
from passenger traffic or nearly $780,
900, 900 in all. Could internal jeal-
ouSies be overcome there would pro-
badly be little difficulty in raising
all the money necessary to complete
the work, but as these prevented the
construction of a tunnel it is hard to
see how bridge would be any less
Objectionable from a political stand
point.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
KANSAS RAILROADS.

A course of lectures on the Bible is
begun at Kansas university. The course
is a new one for the school and will
hereafter be made feature. The lee
lures will be delivered by several differ
sents members of the faculty and are
open to all students in the school as
well as others interested. The members
of the faculty who will give the lectures
are: Professors F. W. Blsckmar, E NJ.
Hopkins, A. NJ Wilcox, Olin Templin,
O. G. Dunlap.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24
Washing Windows.

There is method in everything. and
that thele is method in the washing
of windows shows simply that there
is nothing too small but that method
has place in it. Probably eleven
out of every dozen housemaids never
care or consider whether it is better
to wash window on the outside or
inside first, or whether there is the
slightest reason for considering
whether the sunshine falls on it dur
ing the washing or not Vet these
are two very important matters to
consider. If the window is washed
when the sun shines on it it is sure
to show cloudy and streaky places
from drying too rapidly, and if it is
not washed on the inside first the
dust and dirt which belong on the
outside cannot be so easily distin-
guished. The correct method to
clean window glass is first dust the
sash and glass on the inside and wash
the panes, with little ammonia in
the water, using soft cloth to wipe
off with and a soft paper to polish it
after it is dry. When the inside is
entirely finished, then begin on the
outside, and you will see at once the
advantage spoken Of, for all the dirt
and imperfections that would other
wise have been concealed from you
will stand revealed in contrast with
the clean surface of the inside
Wash the outside as you do the in
side. The outer panes should be
wiped as soon as possible after the
rinsing, and should be polished thor
oughly with chamois or paper.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24

In HIS letter accepting the nomina-
ton for president in 1884, Cleveland
said that 'the voters OF the land have
learned that mystery and concealment
in the management Of their affairs cover
tricks and betrayal" and now he has
vindicated the correctness Of his state
ment by his course in the Hawaiian mat
tsr.-Hurboadt Union.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24

death to society,"" exclaimed Anar-
chist Valiant, and then died. As he
was distinguished apostle of "philo-
sophicsl anarchy" the good DR.. McLal-
Inns Advocate should contain glowing
obituary tribute.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24

THE denunciation of Cleveland by the
president of the farmers alliance would
be more forcible if the alliance men,
bers of congress were not supporting
the Cleveland policies with their votes.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24

AT the banquets given by men the
women get toasted; at the luncheons
given by women the men get
roasted.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1894-02-24

IT is said that practice makes per.
ect. This holsters up the quach
octof.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-10-23

Whenever any new mechanical device
comes to notice. the public, excited per.
haps by certain anonymous and IRE.
sponsible scribes in hasty articles, goes
into ecstacy over the new discovery, and
proceeds to reiegate all previous devices
to the scrap-heap. Immediately follow
ing the invention and practical perfec-
tion Of the electric dynamo, and its ap-
plication to the running OF street cars
and certain kinds OF machinery, we were
told that the steam engine and the loco
motive were antiquated, passe, and not
up to date. On paper. electric railroads
were operating all over the Union and
driving the steam roads out ofexistence.
Up to date nothing of the kind has taken
place, but il it had been SO the work of
steam would not have been displaced.
These enthusiastic people forget that
behind every dynamo or group of dyna.
mos is steam engine and that the elec-
trical appliance are no more,the original
source Of power than the belt that con.
meets the shafting with the drive.wheel
of the engine. II is only an example Of
transmission and transm mutation OF force.
So the thousands Of locomotives on the
even thousa nd miles Of the Burlington
route will "toot' for good many years
to come, and safely. swiftly and com.
fortably carry hundreds OF Thousands Of
contented patrons between all the larg.
or cities Of the ten best states Of the
west. Your homo ticket agsnt viii give
you information - to this line, o. yeu
can send Tor maps etc.. to W. G. Ken-
yon. Gen. Pea Agent. st. Paul. Minn.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-10-23

PROPOSALS will be received by the
trustees OF the Montana State Reform
school for furnishing coal, wood and hay
as follows:
Lignite coal as required at the school
building from date until September Goth
ls9o. Estimated at about 200 toni in
all. Coal to be delivered direct from
the mine. The weight OF each load to
estimated after weighing one or more
loads on scales in Miles City.
Cord wood-25 cords Of dry pine wood
mot charredl to be thrown off the wagon
at the building. not piled.
Hsy-0 tons Of timothy or blue Joint
hay free from weeds and in good condi.
tion, to be delivered in the loft OF the
stable as required. about two tons each
month.
Bills for furnishing supplies are an.
proved monthly and paid by the State
Board OF Examiners at Helena, prompt
ly.
Proposals should be marked. .Propoe.
ais for Coal. Wood or Hay" as NAV be
the case and delivered to j. w. Streyell.
Preet.. on or before u o'clock noon.
October 25th at which time they will be
opened at his Office.
II. b. WILEY.
Secretary.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-10-23

Come to see us and
look over our new
store. We keep every
thing you need about
the house and plenty
OF good things to eat
and Of the very best
quality and at such
low prices too. A visit
to our store will make
you feel like singing a
happy song when you
get back home.
Besides all the good
things we got to eat,
we have good warm
wOOlen underwear
and clothing. boots
and shoes and hats
for the rnentolks and
boys, and good broad
shoes for the women
folk and nice fine
shapely shoes for the
young ladies and chill
dren. !
Come to see us and
stay all day, we love
to show our goods.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-10-23
ODDS AND ENDS.

Housemaids in England receive Al
average .: - cents n week and found.
In Korea the inhabitants go to bed
before sunset and get up before sunrise.
Charitable societies are to be organ
lied in France To aid convicts whose
terms have expired.
In Boston are the headquarters of the
Ramabai association, whose purpose it
is to rescue child widows in India. This
society is fiourishing and reports an in.
come OF S6I,7S4.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-10-23
Happy Days!
Happy Years!!
Happy Hours!!!

Sing song o happy days
Sing it all the time!
Roses bloomin in the ways
Bells that sweetly chime!
Sing song o happy years
Sing il day and night:
Let the rain shed all the tears
Let the heart be light!
Sing a song o happy lives
Sing it loud aud long.
Brothers, sisters. lovers. wives.
Join the thrilling song.
Right or wrong.
Still sing that song.
Till angels to chorus throng,
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-10-23

For the convenience OF those who
wish to make comparisons and for the
benefit OF those who can never remem-
Der, the JOURNAL will hereafter keep
standing table of the corresponding
month of last yea, showing day by day
the principal meteoro ogical conditions.
as obtained from the record kept by the
United States weather observer in this
city. Following is the record for Oct.
1893: