davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11
The K.rormatory Investigation.

ALBANY. May lO.-ThS special Commission
appointed by Gov. Flower to rsinyestigats the
administration Of affairs Of the ElmirA Re-
fOrmatory will convene In FlmirR tomorrow
morning aE'l arrange for the prosecution Of
York city AMI eE-Deputy Attorney General
Z, II Gilbert will represent the parties who
make the charges against tho institution and
It's officers, Mr. Gilbert represented the state
Ia the invest CATION OF the institution by the
special committee Of the state Board VI ChaTi-
ties.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11

DENVER. Col. May 1Q-The extreme cut In
freight rates from Eastern ana Southern
points is demoralizing local business. and
ments or compel severe reduction In wages.
10 meet the emergency. tho directors OF tho
Manufacturers Exchange have undertaken
soclation. the object OF which shall he to pool
all freight and apportion 1t fairly among the
railroads.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11
Toolsan C.aaIaats. Play a e.m..

CAMBRIDGE May lO.-The spring football sea-
son OF Harvard ended to-day with lively game
OF two twenty minute halves between two
picked elsyens. The players were the candi-
dates who have been working regularly since
week or two before the spring recess The play
islng The varsity eleven scored once in the
first halt and twice In the sscond All three
touch downs were mRde by WrightingtOn, '!I7,
one OF the half lacks on last years eleven. He
ran in line form, but. with others, was notice
al ly careless in dropping the ball,
The new style OF opsning play was used tho
full hack making place Elrk from the CEN
tire Of the field. The half acks. full backs.
another week,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11
F,rId ny OF ,ae New > ,r-ey A. a.

Everything Is in perfect shape for the Decoration
Day Of the New Jersey C. that IL 10 be held
the club grounds. BAy0nns CITY, J. j.. on Nsdnss-
DAY. Nay % TIE EpoFta viii commsncs 81 r n.
1hsTs m Be football lacrosse. Athletes bicycle
ing. aud baseball Tue PRINCIPAL feature viii ~ the
college team Taca Harvard. fAls. and InlEsrIitT 81
PsaasylEahiA IA each snLsFsd tsAR.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11
DryaoIrar GeuI Pa.

senator Timothy Drydollar Sullivan. who
spent the batter part OF the recent legislative
session in the hospital at Albany as the result
Of an attack Of pneumonia. says that he has
recovered almost 700 much. lie lost thirty
live pounds through his illness aud has al
ready recovered thirty seven. Most Of the
lIms museums la tho city are In Tins dis-
frict, ana he SAYS MSS afraid thoY will want
him for fTeak-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11
Ind an .po,,,. Decatur a.s spr,pxasls.

MIR. George sherman. representing the first
mortgage bondholders. bought the IndianApo-
lis. Decatur and Springfield Railroad at fore
closure sale In this city yesterday for s., SOU.-
600. The road WAS sold year ago. but the
plan OF reorganization having failed. the pur-
chasers did not comply with the terms OF the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11

Ihs Pennsylvania Railroad 1HnoH1ss. the following
Alterations Ia schedule VI tTAtnl southi Beginning
sunday, Nav Is Atlantic Coast Lins express trAlnl
nov leaving New York VIA PennsylEAnla Railroad a.
w. x Ssd sSS + Il sssS s y I'-''N
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11
Good Govs-Hzsst CIaS o Incorporated.

ALBANY. May l0-A osrtiheats Of the ineor-
pOratIOn Of Good Government Club o OF New
York eity Was ilsd With the Secretary Of state
tO-dAT.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11
FLlRT'S FINE FURNITURE.
Summer Styles.

Rattan and rssd-ths'StrOngsSt Of aight furniture
Sad the ughtsSt OF strong fuTniturs-t IL specially
adapted to the sumner hone. We have large
assortment Of Easy Chairs OF all descriptions couchvs
settssA enlightenment furniture thEE hslPs 70
mAks summer day aETesabls-
they are plain And substantial or hAndsomslJ IN
ishsd cushioned uueushl0nsd WIh their plant
backs aud seats noIhiug can be more coniortable.
We should IKE you 20 see them ARD 10 noiIes our
PTiesA In quality and economy our furniture has
superior.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11

Charles J. BlsVin. 40 years old. . hardware
merchant was taken TO Bellevue Hospital yes
tsTdAY for e1AmIRAtlon as to his sanity. He
lives at the Gsdney House. Broadway and
FOrtieth street. He will be examined to-day.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-11

Early SyTiag - ths FssRSSIsaH1H MOuatains
Ia bsss sBlessd from tas tran. Of che Pennsylvania
RaIlroaI Tna tAmoaa PennGTiEanlA Limited leaves
New YORK syaTy morning az 10 o'clock zip - Il V
. FsFslAti0n % sesnlG esagiy.-4d1
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17

Plant from iriieh q fec OF the le1rss al The
b1ss h5us been stripped GanIy. The .T9Eye
sholus tie roots a little large as compared
RITA tie rest Of the plant, bat otherwise
,I0rr-ssl Tie thick, short root more than
a year Old, tie other three of one gears
growth.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17

Last June, Dick Crawford brought
his twelve months old child, suffer
ing from infantile diarrhoea, to me.
1t had been weaDed at four months
old aud being sickly everything ran
through it like water through sieve.
l gave it the usual treatment in such
cases but without benefit. The child
kept growing thinner until 1t weigh
ed but little more than when born, or
perhaps ten pounds. l then started
the father to giving Chamberlain's
Collie, Cholera and Disrrhoea
Remedy. Before one bottle OF the
25 cent size had been used, marked
improvement was seen and its con-
tiDued use cured the child. Its
weakness and puny constitution
dissspp-ared and it's father and my
self relieve the chi'd's life was saved
by this Remedy. ]. 7. MARROW, NJ.
D., Tamaros, Ill. For sale by all
Dealers Benson, SMITH & Co, Agents
for III. /.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17

HOOPS PILLS should be in every family
nsdicins ehsst. Once Issd, always preferred
HOBkON, NEwM N x 90,
23A6 WHOLESALE AGENTS.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17

died down by the first of May. At
this tine the roots aversged fully
three times the size of those used in
planting, and the average yield was
between eight and ten tons to the
acre. Roots were not selected, but
planted as they were gathered from
the Rillito river bottom, one, two anu
three wear old roots, in rows three
feet apart and one foot in the drill.
There was wide variation in the quan
tity of new roots produced per hill,
showing that a larger yield would
have been secured 10y selection OF seed
and rejection of the older roots.
This planting was made on new,
mesa soil that had not been previously
cultivated. Cultivation consisted IN
following irrigation with cuItivster,
loosening the soil between rows.
The cultivated new roots, of one
years growth, in the dry condition,
contained from 2S TO 25 per cent. of
tannic acid.
The wild roots contained on the
average so 3 per cent. of tannIc acid,
but these were mostly old roots.
The cultivated roots seem TO be
gradually increasing in tanEin, run
nIng up TO 2S per cent. in January,
from which we infer there is no Sc
rious decrease, if any, in the content
Of tannic acid due 10 forcing the roots
to larger growth by irrigation and cul-
tivatiOn.
Plants planted after January yielded
but light crop OF new roots, while
those planted in MSrch produced
scarcely any growth, although leaves
were developed and a somewhat stunt
ed seed stalk.
The late roots of last spring have
formed a promising crop of new roots
this winter, but promise not much
more than those planted the early
part of last October.
Our observations to the present time
indicate that the plant has some
what regular time for lowering, then
dying down and passing into the dor
mant condition, and that this is not
affected materially by the time of
planting.
1t would seem also that the number
of roots formed and their size is deter
mined largely by the time they have
for development after the ground is
wet in the fall, and the Continued
moisture of the soil during fall and
winter to insure steady growth.
The large roots produced by stimu-
iating growth by irrigation in the fall
seem to be as rich in tannic acid when
matured the following summer as
smaller roots that have not been for.
ced by moisteniug the soil.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17

ported into this country alone. From
the high opinion which practical tan
ners have formed of canaigre, IL is not
impossible that it will not only sup
plant gambler, but will gradually
take the place of many other tanning
materia 5.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17
DEMAND FOR rANNIN.

The amount of tannnic acid in
the world is enormous. Sources of
supply are 81 ught on all the conti-
nents, and there is fear of gradual ex-
haustion.
Most of the leather in this country
is at present tanned with oak and
hemlock barks, and the supply is be-
ing rapidly used up, as, in addition to
home use, considerable quantities are
exported. We also import tanning
material for certain kinds OF leather,
and t. is demand is rapidly growing.
One of the largest imports at present
is gambler an extract derived from
the leaves and young shoots Of a tree
belonging to the family rubiaced,
genus nducLe a, native of the East
Indian archipelago, largely cultivated
for this purpose. During 1891, 5000
tons were ought into the United
Ststes, valued at 81 800 900, and con-
tanning approximately 50 per cent. of
tannic acid. The amount used abroad
is much larger, because European
countries depend more on extracts
than do the tanners of This country.
Six tons of green canaigre will make
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17

ported into this country alone. From
the high opinion which practical tam
ners have formed of canaigre, IL Is not
impossible that it will not only sup
plant gambler, but will gradually
take the place of many other tanning
materia 5.
YIELD PER ACRE.
Commencing to irrigate by the first
of October, a crop of ten tons to the
acre is a reasonable estimate for new
land if the soil is fairly well prepared,
and a good stand secured by planting
selected tuhers of wild growth. Tue
second years crop, from cultivated
tubers one V ar old, should reach tif-
teen tons, snd twenty tons l. within
the possibilities on good land careful
ly planted and well taken care of.
CONCLUSIONS.
While the result of our investiga-
tians 10 the present time with such
data as We have collected from other
sources will not enable us to give pos
tive replies TO many inquiries we re-
crive, enough has been demonstrated
to show that the canaigre plant pos
ses>es sufficiently valuable qualities
To wa rant its cultivation on large
scale.
The amount exported during the
last two years shows there l. a de-
maud at paying prices for large guam
Titles, and one of the greatest oOsta-
cles in starting an industry, iutrodu-
cling a new product to the trade, is
largely overcome. There is room for
a lsrge industry in growing and ship
ping the roots in dry state, but the
cost of labor in slicing and drying, the
bulky condition of the product aft r
they ale thus prepared stands in the
way of the most rapid development
The cauaigre crop has this advan-
tage over sugar cane and the sugar
beet, il can be prepared for market
without expensive machiu ry for
manipulation, but as the field of pro
duction is long distance from places
of consumption, economy in transpor-
tatiOn demands the extraction of the
valuable element and placing IL in a
condensed form.
1t is important, therefore, that ex-
tract factories be established on q
large scale, and that they te lorated
on lines of transportation aud where
the lands in the immediate vicinity of
/ the works may be planted to cauaigre.
Our Investigations IN the laboratory
which are simply referred to in this
bulletin, and which are still in pro-
gress, show that there is no more diff
ficulty in extracting the tannic acid
from the roots, green or dry, than in
separating sugar from cane an from
beets. As in sugar making, the ex
traction will have to be dlue on a
large scale and with expensive appa-
ratus, but the returns will fully justI-
/ fy the investment.
The industry should be built on two
line, growing aud manufacturing,
| the same as has been found most desi-
rable and profitable in sugar pr due
/ ton
Capital must first be secured to
build factories, after which there will
be no difficulty in making contracts
with persons to supply canaigre roots
/ at stipu latei prices per ton.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17

Through the kindness of Mr.. ID.
P. Wood, formerly Of KOhala, Ha-
wsii, now acting Hawaiian Consul
at San Diego, California, the Bu-
reau of Agriculture has received
several copies Of report on the
Canaigre Plant. This report is by
c. B. Collingwood, J. W. Tourney
and F. A. Gulley, members of the
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17
MARKET DEMAND.

During 1891 and 1892 the shipments
Of canaigre roots from Arizona, New
Mexico and southwestern Texas began
10 assume some importance, the Ca
naigre Supply Company, Of Tucson,
and Messrs. Kerr, of DemiDg, and
Pepper & Thornton, of FL Paso, being
the largest shippers. We have not
been able to get data in regard to the
shipments over the Texas & Pacific
and Santa Fe railways, but from jan
uary lst, 1891, TO October 3lst, 1892,
the Southern Pacific Co. handled $40
car loads of sliced and dried roots con-
signed TO Europe. AS much more may
have been forwarded by the other
roads.
These roots were gathered from
patches lying within radius of ten or
fifteen miles from the stations, and 10
addition large quantity is stored at
the Extract Works at Deming to be
worked up when the factory is ready
to operate.
The ordinary method OF preparing
canaigre for shipment is for some one
TO locate q good patch, then with q
force Of men make a camp at this
place. The men dig the roots by con-
tract, a certain price being paid for he
roots delivered at the cutting machine.
This machine slices the roots into
pieces one-twentieth to one-fourth of
an inch thick. These pieces are then
exposed TO the sun aud air until air
dried. In this state they contain about
S per cent. moisture aud from 20 to 35
+ per cent. tanDic acid, and can be safe
iy shipped if they are kept dry. This
is a cheap and efficient method, re-
curing little capital or machinery,
aud being especially adapted to han
die canaigre growing in a wild state.
The supply Of wild canaigre is be-
coming limited. Good authorities
state that at the present price the
supply will hardly last more than
two wears. "Atpresent price, means
the supply within profitable haul
ing distance of the railroads. II
canaigre is only to be obtained
from the natural supply it will be
but an incident in the tanning
trade. But if, as the experiments at
this station show, canaigre can be
profitably cultivated, it will soon be-
come a permanent factor with thous-
ands of acres of land produ ing year
Iy hundreds OF thousands of tons of
canaigre, and the problem will be to
get tue tannie acid into the market at
| the least expense
CULTIVATION.
As the future of the canaigre in
dustry depends largely on the success
with which it can be eultivated, this
branch Of the investigator received
| the early attention of the Station,
this, 20 far as we can learn, being the
first attempt to grow the plant under
| cultivation and irrigation
The first planting Of roots was made
on the University grounds in July,
1891. followed at different periods since
on different soils aud at several places.
The July planted roots received but
two light irri atioDs up 10 October lsti
after this time water once montL
through the winter. just eDOu b to
wet the ground. The soil l. heavy,
compact, gIavelly Ioam, that, when
dry. cannot be broken up without 8
pick. The plants commenced growing
] the first Of October, and olossomed and
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17


staff of the Arizona Agricultural
Experimental Station. The cult
walton of canaigre would seem to
be particularly adapted for culture
in this country, both for large and
small farmers. It gives a crop
every year, the only preparation
needed TO fit it for market being to
cut the root in slices and dry them
IN the sun.
The bureau has sent for q guam
tity Of the roots for experimental
planting, and has also sent for in
formation as TO the cost of the roots
in quantities, as many persons have
expressed q desire to procure a sup
ply in order 10 test the capability
Of their land for its cultivation.
The following extracts from the re-
port will serve to show the value
and possibilities of this remarkable
plant:
Cansigre has been used for many
years by the Mexicsns both as a med
iciue and as tanning material. but
only in recent years has it attracted
attention as an article of commerce.
In 1858 a sample of the roots was
sent from Texas TO the Agricultu al
Department st Washington, but it was
mislaid and the analysis was not ~ sde
until 1875. In lSS9 Prof. Henfy Trim
bic published an article on Canaikre,
in which be gives its history to that
time and records some analy-es made
bv himself and others. He states that
Mr.. Rudolph Nelcker, Of Gal, eston,
Texas, published an analysis Of roots
gathered in 1874, giving 3 Is pc cent
OF tsunic acid Roots were exhibited at
the New o leans Exposition lab ! ed.
"a New Tanning Material" Since
then considerable attention has been
given 10 this plant and number OF
articles have ben written, both in
this country and ABROAD, in all Of
which it is agreed that esnaigre is a
valuable tanning material.
So far IS we can learn, the first effort
made TO establish the commercial
value Of canaigre as tanning product
was in the year 1852 when Col. J. c.
Il
Apache Indians at San Carlos, Ari-
zons, shipped CO siderable quantities OF
the root from Dsming, New Mexico /;
and Fl Paso, Texas, TO New York
Ciry and also to GERMANY, Austria
and G eat Britain. be root was first
shipped green, which caused il to fer
ment, snd its use abroad in frrment-
ed condition destroyed the leather to
which it was Piled, which tempora-
rily brought il INTO disfsvor; but sub
seQueutly, in the year 1884, tb- root
VS. shipped by one OF C1l. Tih4ny's
sons. in 3 sliced and dried state, when
II arrived abroad in good condition,
was successfully used iu all experi-
ments made, and imrnedi tely met
with great favor. Nothing reSultei
from the efforts of Col Tiffany and his
associates, for the reason hat II was
feared that the root in its wild state
could not be secured in quantities at 8
price wnieh would enable 70 be
brought into ge eral Us Z, and its cul-
tivation at hat ume was not thought OF.
The CansigIe Sup ly Company, of
Tucson, ArizoDa, first as partue ship
and subsequently s an iucOrp ration,
. has de coied several years and Xp-nd-
ed considerable caTi al in intr q cling
canaigre TO the trade. A numb r of
small shipm-nts were made I chem
lists and tanners in this coun ~ and
Europe for experimental purpos-s
@ IsSrre shipments followed to meet the
demand which resulted from such ex-
periments, the product having met
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17
SEED REQUIRED PER ACRE.

OF the averaged sized roots of large
growth, it will require about one ton
per acre for seed, planting nine by
thirty inches, Unlike potatoes and
most other plants grown from tubers,
the seed roots are not lost, for after
producing a growth of new roots, the
mother root, if but year old, retains
its weight, and its contents of tannic
acid increases.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17
OLD AND NEW LAND.

The development of new roots the
present winter on land that had been
under cultivation before is greater
than it was last year on new
land, and we find also that thicker
planting does not interfere with
growth. From present indications
rows thirty inches apart and planted
nine inches apart in the row
will yield as much per hill as when
the rows are planted one foot by three
feet
The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-07-17
THE USES OF CANAIGRE.
A Eost Valuable Plant That Would
Repay Cultivation.
POINTER TO SOME OF OUR PLANTERS.

An Fa lent and Valuable Tanning
Aeeut-Easny Cultivated. and VIII
Paw Good Prafts-An Immense
Amount Of Tannic Acid in the Roots.
The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1894-03-01

pared to move he became convinced that the OBJ
stseles TO be encountered we're too grave and
serious for the success which ;he exgsnces Of the
crisis demanded, and the plan was then abandoned.
and the armies diverted up the Tennessee Riser,
ard thence southwark TO she center OF The Concsi-
crate power. The evidence before this COMMITTEES
completely establishes that Miss Anna Ella Carroll
was the author Of the change of plan, which in
volved a transfer of the National forces To thelr
new base in northern Mississippi and Alabama In
command of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad.
II Is further ooBclosively shows that
plan. order. letter. telegram suggestion Of The
Tennessee River the line of invasion has
been produced except in the paper submitted by
Miss Carroll on Nov. 80. 1861, and her subsequent
letters TO the Government as the campaign pro-
crossed"
About IS Highlanders of Edinburg Scotland,
who enlisted from New York during the war have
erected monuments on Kelton Hill. r suburb OF
Edinburg. The monument is surmounted by =
life-sze statue Of Abraham lincoln. and the
ground on which il stands donated by citizens
A comrade adds that there are many States Of this
Union which have not done as much.
Congressman Amos ]. Cummings gave a lecture
on Horace Greeley before the Brooklyn Press Club
last week. The lecturer. after a brief account Of
the Greeley family, related his struggle with pow
eriy, lasting from the time that he left school At
the age Of l3 years to his becoming editor of the
Ns'o Yorker. Mr. Cummings gave many illusira-
tive stories Of Greeley nearly aI Of them personal
"reminiscences. and wound mp with a fine tribute
To the memory Of the great editor The Horace
Greeley Statue Committee met and decided To I'M
vail the statue on Decoration Day Lille has been
done FOR i've years owing to the lack of money,
but now Oliver Summer Teall has undertaken to
raise the necessary 81 500 20 finish the statue II
will be erected in The trangula park at the june
ton of Broadway, Sixth avenue and Thirty second
street, and As this locality has name a request
viii be made TO the Board of Aldermen TO name 10
Greeley Square.
Col. j. ID Stevenson, who died in San Francisco
recently, WAS one of the best known pioneers OF
that State. He was born in IsC0 and was Private
Secretary to Vice-President Tompkins. At the
outbreak 1.-THE Mexican War he took a regiment
around the Horn to California
salute of loo guns was fred from Fort Green,
Brooklyn, at sunrise. WasIiuglon's birthday,
by W. w. Stephenson Poet. $50 GAR The
Aldermen had voted So each for tlres salutes in
various sections of the city but this vetoed by
the Mayor. Adjusnt James A. Rooney, of the
Post wrote to the Mayor thanking him for vetoing
the same, and asking that the Post be granted the
privilege of firing the salute their own expense
which was granted.
The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1894-03-01

THE American girl who married a Sioux
brave has been deserted for a young squaw
who goes about attired in a IT, S. blanket
trimmed with sand-burs and Army brogans.
Another more ambitious young American
women bought an Italian Prince with her
fathers money, and found him SO unutter-
ably bad that even the title OF Princess was
no inducement TO continue living with him,
and she watched her chance to skip to this
land of the free. Perhaps after awhile
American girls will learn that though a
straight-out American young man may be a
little commonplace and unromantic, he is
better as a permanent investment than any
other kind she can find in the matrimonial
market.