New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-05-25

and social organiza ton that or the Salado
Valley evidently was should have cranial ca
pacty superior only to such low races as the
IIottentots and Australians. II must be oorne
In mind that the uncremated remains OF the
Saladoans probably represent superior class
OF this community. still small as Is their crahlai
canacitv II Is greater than that of the Peruvians,
who were n race more advanced than the Sala
doans We have little TO suggest in explanation
Of these facts. Perhaps the subject or cran>ai
capacity in relation to culture may nave 10 ne
reconsidered. The Saladoans were people OF
low stature and rather slight physique ana the
relation which the skull bears 10 the rest OF the
skeleton NAV be factor In the propIe'n' mat
is a very easy-going statement OF condition OF
affairs which is fatal to an INDEFINITE quanu'!
Of scientific writing about the descent ana eVo-
Iution Of man. Another popularity of skeletons
which has been sometimes treated as a marx Oh
low standing in the scale OF race is the perforated
humorous The Army Museum collection. taken
as n whole like others OF its kind. shows that
This pecularity IS rarely or never found In IN
fants II has also been asserted that 1t ~
found # nj all only In the upper arm bones OF
women on this point the Hemenway collection
Is not conclusive. The authors Of this memoir
hold that the perforaiOn Is due To the Klhd oi
work TO which the individual was accustomed
IL moierr life they instance the handhn8 OIL
carper,ters plane likely TO produce the per
foration Among the Pueblo Indians ancient
and MODERN women would be most likely 10 ac-
a,iire it by continued labor at the hand mill
The discovery Of numerous "metates ana upper
,,,,iro-e.ones IN the ruins Of the Salt River
Valley shows that the people practised a Ihe'hou
Of grinding similar TO that Of the modern seden-
tary Indians of the same region. But the ahcieht
Cibolans whose graves were rilcd by the eN-
pedition must have ground their maze III the
same way: and yet the number or perforated
upuer arm bones found among them was COM
paratvelv much less than among the SAT- river
n.onlo All these considerations taken together.
leave little room for doubt as to the identi'y oi
tha vanished race Of the Southwestern Territories
with the one still existent there. nor as 10 the
or,,,v 81 hoth with the Pcruvians. But a MI
mute study of the teeth in the Salt RIVER Skulls
in comparison with those OF other tribes "iue"S
the Aold Of relationship 50 as to take IN also the
Mound Builders Of the Ohio Valley. The portion
NJ the memoir devoted 10 this topic Is based on
some investigations by Professor Cope. He FOUND
that the Esquimaux generally have only three
tubercles on the grinding surface Of the last two
unner ,nolars. while negroes and Malays have
four tubercles on these teeth. American Indians
dIspIav pecularities intermediate between these
extremes and the classification among them
shows a close relationship between peoples az
distant from each other as the Californian ana
Alaskan tribes. all Of whom appear to be ami
ated with the Esquimaux similar relationship
appears among the Mound Builders the Salt River
people and Peruvians II these conclusions are
10 be depended on. some unexpected results fol-
/ low In the first place the identity OF the Mound
! builders with the Shawnees Of the modern period
! becomes less probable. and. in the second place
/ the fact is brought out that the civilization oil
! Peruvians and allied races was not a CROWNS
but a decadent one throughout n period ione
| anterior TO the coming Of white men AT one
time. spread over vast area. either continuously
or in settled districts, IL had gradually shrunR
to few towns in North America and to a SINAI
kingdom in South America. culture ina
gained no recruits and that did not even hold it'
own Is not worth much TO the theory OF evolu
/