davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

NUT be crossed by the various divisions OF
his army. These were short spurs OF tho
Cumberland, exceedingly difficult to cross,
and known as the Raccoon, Sand and Look
out mountains, also Mission Ridge, after
ward to become classic in our conntry'S
story.
Bragg at Chattanooga drew his supplies
over two railroads, one from East Tennessee,
the other the Atlanta road from the south
through Dalton. Gen. Burnside was ex
pected to render useless that in East Ten.
nessee. Rosecrans' advance to the south and
east of Chattanooga would take care OF that
in Georgia.
The march of the Army Of the Cumber,
land through the mountains Of Alabama and
Georgia in the summer Of 1868 calls to nlnd
Napoleon's famous passage of the Alps. Ger
tainly it was not less difficult than that.
At the same time with the advance move
ment of the Union army, it was necessary
before ali to deceive Bragg as to the real
route taken. To this end Rosecrans divided
his army. Crittenden's corps made an adj
vance eastward on Chattanooga through the
Seouatchie valley. Two of Crittenden5
brigades, Hazen's and Waguer's, had indeed
taken the eastward march directly over the
mountains, Wagner from Winchester, Hazen
from still further north. Minty's cavalry
was with Crittenden. The routes of the
three corps, Thomas, McCook's and Critten-
denis, can be traced on the map,
The movement of Rosecrans' army began
Aug. 10, from Winchester. The advance had
already occupied Stevenson and Bridgeport.
The first task before the troops was the
crossing of the Cumberland mountains in
Tennessee. The passage was made from Aug.
Is to Aug. 81. Next before the advancing
army lay the Tennessee river to be crossed.
Rains had swollen it, and it was wide end
full The crossing was attended with diff
c:.lAy, and it was not till Sept. 4 that the last
of aOld Rosy's' men found himself on theleft
bank OF the Tennessee. They crossed at follr
different points. The three corps were widely
separated by this time, the limo OF alvaoc..
extending over $50 miles.
Then came the most difficult part Ct tbs
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

The corps commanders met their leader on
the night Of June %, and received their writ
ten instructions. McCook, with the Twen-
tieth corps, was to advance directly towards
S%helbyville a certain distance, then, turning
to the left on the Wartrace road, he was to
capture Liberty Gap from Bragg's advance
guard and hold it. In the Twentieth corps
were the divisions of Gems. johnson, Sheri-
dan and JEFF. C. Davis.
Gen. Thomas, with the Fourteenth corps,
was to advance on the road leading to Man
chester and capture the mountain pass known
as Hoover's Gap. C~rittenden's corps, the
Twenty-frst, as will be seen by the map,
veered far off to the left and occupied
McMinnville, forty miles east of Murfrees-
boro.
The drenching rains, SO often a marked
feature Of advance movemeg.S of the north
ern armies, botheeast and west, did not fail
to attend Rosecrans' great forward march.
Mountain streams and mountain roads fire.
quently became alike impossible.
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

iva w
front; the brigade in the advance is so slow
he cannot do anything with it"
Some of the hottest fighting Of the affair
of June ~ took place in the public square Of
the town of Shelbyville. Here Gen. Wheeler
had planted eight guns. With these he
opened upon Minty's brigade as it swept into
the town.
1t was at this moment Minty learned that
he had nearly the whole Of Bragg's cavalry
opposed to him. Wheeler was Bragg's chief
Of cavalry. Forrest, Wharton and Martin
were his division commanders. Forrest was
not Immediately with Wheeler, but was not
far away, and was rapidly advancing with
his division. Learning this, Minty used all
his energies to defeat Wheeler before the
junction should be effected.
Col. Minty gave his orders one after an
other with instantaneous raniditv Savaral
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

anu Dalton, Ga. That was thought to be the
line Of Bragg's retreat.
Accordingly the rcyt morning, Sept. 10.
Crittonden left only Wagners brigade in
Chattanooga, and taking also Woods divi-
sion continued on southeast.
This then was the situation Of the opposing
armies Sept, II: Bragg was at Lafayette,
Ga, i'll a mountain valley about twenty
miles south Of Chattanooga. Crittendens
corps Of Rosecrans' army was at Ringgold,
Ga, fifteen miles northeast Of Bragg. Nc
Cooks corps was at Alpine, just in the
western edge of Georgia and fifteen miles
south of Bragg. Only Thomas corps was i'll
front OF and a little north of Bragg, at the
eastern foot Of Mission Ridge.
The corps we're thus widely separated, and
,IcCnc.. ives not in communication with the
others at all.
Southeast Of Mission Ridge, the short spur
al tie e2ss Of whIh Thomas was, is another
short mountain range called Pigeon noun
ta:.. Bragg drew up lis army On the east
-. OF Pigeon mountain, and a little west Of
lafayette. and there waited developments.
Tic kept h...;-s2f thoroughly well acquainted
with the movements Of the Union army, and
knew where each corps was. Heavy Te-eD-
forc2nnents were on the way to meet him,
aa.l for these he waited. Part Of his com
marl was at Lee * Gorlon's mills, a noted
local I"int ten miles north Of Lafayette.
Up to Sept. II Rosecrans had not been GER
tain e D"agg's whereabouts. But as Crit
t~en*ic!l.s corps moved southwark to Ring
gold. one Uf his divisions Palmer'sl reported
The enemy strong upon his front" At the
same time Gen. Wood, making a ]reconnois-
saHce, advanced quite to Gordon's mills, and
reported great numbers Of Confederates in
the vicinity of Lafayette. Rosecrans, aware
that his three corps were scattered by a days
march or more, began to take measures to
unite them with all speed. Here was an ex-
cell~nt opportunity for Bragg to fall upon
his detached columns and execute the favor
IL mili,2ry maneuyer Of beating them in
@,.ata:!, Bragg was no longer retreating.
Rozecrans sent hasty orders to Crittenden
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
FIGHTING JUNE 81 AND 20.

The roads were 50 heavy that in some in
stances the advancing divisions could make
no more than seven miles a day. McCook's
division started on the march early June "a.
Liberty Gap, in a westerly spur Of the Cum
berland mountains, was the first point at
which McCook's corps met a Confederate
force. At Hoover's Gap, another mountain
pass east Of Liberty Gap, Thomas advanc-
ing troops encountered the southern soldiers
the same day, June "A. The passes were de-
Tended by detachments from Gen. Pat Gle
burne's command. Gen. Gordon Changers
division was in the rear as a reserve support
to McCook and Thomas.
Col. Harrison, with the Thirty-ninth In.
diana. was in the advance of McCook's corps
for a skirmish line. Immediately behind
him were Willich's and Miller's brigades, of
Johnston's division. After some sharp fight
ing they took possession Of Liberty Gap.
The next day, June Is, a detachment from
Hardee's corps attempted to drive Miller and
Which from Liberty Gap. The hottest
fighting Of Rosecrans' campaign to Tullaho-
ma occurred here. It became too hot for the
Union troops that held the gap. Johnson's
division and Carlin's brigade from Davis
division were sent to their assistance.
Thus REINFORCED, Johnson's division was
able to hold the gap. In the fighting a Mimic
ball passed through the left eye Of Col.
Miller, strangely enough without killing him.
Hardee's force was defeated, and aban-
doned the pass altog&her, retreating south
ward to Bellbuckle. In the fight at Liberty
Gap June %, Johnson's division and Carlin's
brigade lost 231 men.
On the 24th Of June, Gen. Thomas corps
broke camp at 4 o'clock in the morning
and started in the direction Of Hoover's Gap.
Col. John t. Wilder's mounted infantry
were in the advance. They drove in the
mounted pickets of the Confederates, and
passed through the gap. Reynolds division
was Immediately following Wilder.
Immediately after Wilder had taken pos
session of Hoover's Gap two Confederate
brigades advanced to attack him. So early
and SO rapid had been his approach that he
had surprised completely the C~onfederates in
the gap, and had captured q wagon train
with q number Of prisoners and a drove OF
b~eafscattle.
Butthe Confederates rallied at once, and
came or Y The ettack With such spirit that
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

ferred to him to take charge Of the cavalry
Of the Army Of the Cumberland, and the re-
quest had been granted.
Rosecrans placed great dependence on Gen.
Stanley. In the difficult mountain passes
and arduous routes the Army Of the Cum
berland encountered; on its southwark march
SANKEY'S cavalry, small in number as it was,
was invaluable. He had joined Rosecrans'
army in November, 1862, and devoted him
eli with enthusiasm to organizing and drill
ing the cavalry.
Gen. Rosecrans' chief of staff in the sum
mer Of 1868 was Brig. Gen. James Abram
Garfield.
In February, 1858, q serious attempt was
made by the Confederate cavalry to recap
ture Fort Donelson. It was held at that time
by q Union force Of less than 300 men, under
Col. A. g. Harding.
The Confederate cavalry was under COM
mand Of Gen. N. B. Forrest With him were
Wheeler and Wharton. They had eleven
regiments OF cavalry and nine cannon. They
believed they could get possession Of Fort
Donelson and thus obstruct navigation Of
the Cumberland river.
Shortly after noon, Feb. 8, the C~onfederates
appeared in force before Fort Donelson and
demanded it's surrender. Col. Harding de-
clined to surrender and proposed to fight.
He had been apprised the day before Of the
approach of the Confederates and made
ready for them, with rifle pits and his few
guns planted In commanding positions. He
especially prepared to defend the Fort Henry
road, as IL was by that he obtained his sup
plies.
Forests men made repeated charges, all Of
which were repealed. As the Confederates
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

- tt-A'''N ~ iiNh
il killed and wounded. Crittenden, how
ever, was able to mass his command at Lee
& Gordon's mills. ready for the battle, which
both sides now perceived was imminent.
We l@it Thomas corps at McLemore's
Cove, on the east side Of Mission Ridge.
Eegley's division was in the advance. Bragg,
knowing we'll the position of Thomas. alone
at McLemore's Cove. with the whole Confed-
crate army in front of him, prepared for a
decisive stroke. He ordered Gen. Hindman
to move his division opposite Negley
for an immediate attack. Buckner,
with his command of Kentuckians and
Tennesseeans, was ordered to follow ON
Immediately and join Hindlnan in front Of
McLemore's Cove. Bragg's own headquar-
tiers were at this time at Lafayette.
To further strengthen the attacking force,
Folks command was ordered to the cove to
support Hindman.
Negley was considerably in advance Of the
main body of Thomas corps. 1t was at
Stevens Gap, while Negley was several miles
further eastward, near Dug's Gap
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
FROM TULLAHOMA SOUTH.

Chattanooga was now the point aimed at
by Rosecrans. He followed ON south, crossed
the Elk river and gathered his army together
at Winchester.
Rosecrans was now over 200 miles away
from his supplies. He was obliged to pause
a while, and wait till they could be brought
up.
A giants task confronted him. He pre-
pared to cross the Cumberland mountains
with his heavy wagon trains. Clearing them,
he next proposed to cross the Tennessee
river into Lookout valley.
Rosecrans' position will be understood
from the map. He was now at Winchester,
at the southwestern foot of the Cumberland
mountains in Tennessee. The Nashville and
Chattanooga railroad passed through Win
chester, then Oh southwark to Stevenson in
northern Alabama. Thence it turned sharply
eastward and led to Chattanooga, Tenn.
Roseerans established his base OF supplies
at Stevenson, and brought largo stores down
the railroad to that point. All this required
time, andi it was not till Aug. SHAT the Union
army was prepared to move. A week before
that Gen. Halleck had sent from Washington
an order to Rosecrans to advance at once and
report progress daily to the war department.
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

back to Manchester. Forrest was i'll pursuit
of him with a large body Of cavalry, which
Wilder escaped with difficulty, and reached
Manchester June 50.
By June 20 Rosecrans' corps were all i'll,
grouped around Manchester.
Bragg's army was intrenchel at Tulla-
homa. Rosecrans prepared 10 fight. He
caused his engineers to examine the ground
about Tullahorna, with a view If gaining
Bragg's rear. The report being favorable, a
division of C~rittenden's corps was ordered to
begin the execution of this movement.
July l should have seen it completed, and a
battle would have taken place at Tullahona.
But when Steedman's brigade of Thomas
corps advanced cautiously to Tullahomu
July l, 10! tie bird had flown. Bragg had
evacuated Tullahoma June SO.
Bragg had crossed the Elk river at Estelle
Springs and retreated toward Chattanooga.
Rosecrans' troops occupied Tullahoma July
l, capturing a few prisoners.
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

favor for Rosecrans in the war depart
ment at Washington.
Rosecrans had not felt prepared fully to
make the advance of June %. He had W.
,gently requested that his army be supplied
with revolving rifles, a request that was not
complied with from Washington.
After the mountain passes were occupied,
Rosecrans waited briefly to see what Bragg's
next move would be, giving orders mean
while to his generals to prepare for action at
all points of the advance.
Gen. Thomas was ordered to advance and
attack the Confederates on his right, drive
them westward toward Wartrace, and then
push rapidly on south to Manchester. Nc
Cooks corps was to follow Thomas to Man
nhaster
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
FORWARD, MARCH!
Rosecrans' Summer Campaign
in 1868.
DER MOUNTAIN AND VALLEY.
Great Military Move by the Army Of
the Cumberland.
GER MOUNTAIN AND VALLEY.

From Murfreesboro to %Tullahoma; Thence
South to Winchester-From Winchester
Across the Tennessee River and Over
Stupendous Mountain Ranges to Look
out Valley and Chattanooga-Adyance
and Retreat-A Tale of Brief Fights
and Long Observation-Disclosures Strategy.
The Story Told After the Lapse of
Twenty-Five Years.
The battle of Stone River was fought be-
tween Gems. Rosecrans and Bragg, Dec. 81,
1862, and Jan. l and Q, 1868. Following that
heavy fight both armies remained inactive
in camp several months.
Rosecrans remained at Murfreesboro. 1t
required months to rebuild railway I'M
tons, forward supplies and make Of Muir
freesboro a new base. Among other labors
Of construction, the tremendous railway
trestle works at Muldraugh's Hill required to
be rebuilt. It was necessary to put in repair
and guard the railroad line from Louisville
10 Nashville, thence from Nashville to Muir
treesboro.
Rosecrans had very little cavalry, and was
obliged to guard railway communications
extending over hundreds of miles. The cav
airy Of the Confederates, under such ok
perienced leaders as Wharton, Wheeler. For
rest and Pat Cleburne, o~utnumbered the
Union cavalry at least four to one.
Every advance for Rosecrans meant
l~engthening his lines behind him and leaving
q part Of his army to guard them. Gen.
Halleck was then at the head Of military
affairs In Washington, and was constantly
urging Rosecrans to make forward move
ments. Rosecrans In return set forth in ear
nest but respectful letters to the war depart
ment the impossibility Of successful offensive
movements without better cavalry equip.
ment.
"With mounted infantry" he wrote, II
can drive the Confederate cavalry to the wall
and keep the roads open in my rear"
His solicitations produced no effect. 1t
was not till after Rosecrans' advance to Chat
tanooga that any attempt was made to in
crease and improve the cavalry of the Army
Of the Cumberland.
Rosecrans' army was divided into right,
left and center. On the right Maj. Gen.
Alexander Mcdowell McCook ives in COM
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

Kentucky, comsnanded the Twenty-frst
army corps anG Rosecrans' left wing. He
had . brother, Gen. George Crittenden, in
the Confederate army. The brothers were
Sons Of John J. Crittenden, one of Ken
tucky's most distinguished IONS.
manded by Maj. Gen. David s. Stanley.
Gen, Stanley was 9 graduate Of West Point
tie Of Stone River, and afterwards at Resaca,
Ga. In November, 1862, he was promoted to
major general Of volunteers. At the close Of
the war Gen. Stanley was mustered out Of
volunteer service and dropped back to bis
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
OVER THE

Rosecrans lost not a moment, but hastened
on in pursuit. Skirmishes occurred with
the rear of Bragg's retreating army, July /
and 2. But Bragg's main army was safe out
of danger. He crossed the Cumberland
mountains rapidly, and then marched to
Bridgeport, Ala, Here crossing the Tennes,
see river, he took up anew his line of march
and paused not till be reached Chattanooga
with his army. He arrived at Chattanooga
the first week in July, and made that his
headquarters. Then he wrote to Gen. John
ston in Mississippi, ''The Tennessee river
will be taken as our line
Bragg's advance into Kentucky in the
summer of 1862 thus ended hack at Chatta-
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

brigade than Min
tvs was at first
in front. There
seemed, however,
an accountable
delay in its move
rnents. At length
Gen. Stanley, out
of all patience, sent
an aide to Minty
with this order:
"Col. Minty-Gen.
Stanley requ g t s
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

significance. 1.-THE
Atlanta railroad
should be de-
stroyed an
Thomas and Nc
Cook should close
i'll on him on the
south and east,
then be would be
caught in Chatta-
uooga like a rat in
a trap. It would
be easy to starve
him out, as Penn
berton had just
been starved out in
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
A G

By Sept. s, the movements Rosacrans had
planned for his several corps were com
pletcd. The marches were made as secretly
as possible, SO as to mislead Bragg as to
tho movements south of Chattanooga. But
Bragg was shortly aware of the where
ahnuts of the Union army. and knew its full
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

nooga in the sum-
rner of 1868. Nor
gan's raid, t ha t
had been attempted
in the hope to aid
Bragg materially,
also ended in dis
aster at Burlington
Island, in the Ohio
river, July 10, 1868.
Rosecrans' cam
paign to Tullaho-
m q b cleared
m Tennessee
of C~onfederates to
the Tennessee river.
I'M
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

pieces Of artillery
were put into po-
sition to rake the
square. The mo-
ment t h 9 y e r
fired Capt. G. c.
Davis was ordered
to charge upon the
square with the
Seventh Pennsyl-
vania, under cover
of the smoke. With
sabers aloft and
with a shout that
equaled even the
raha1 Wall Cant
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

old rank in the
regular army, that
of colonel Of the
Twenty-second y.
s. infantry. Among
Cen tanley's class
mates !. at West
Point were Gems.
Slocum and Sheri-
dan. During the
ear1y part Of the
war Gen. Stanley
was connected with
The Army Of the
Mississippi. Rose
Grams had requested
"a ~.c-c-
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

WORK, mountain
marches through
Alabama.
BY eyaminiH
the map the l. @,,2r
will under#ta:: !
Rosecrans' plan -
campaign. Critten-
denis corps, the
most nortlIeriy and
the nearest Chat
tanooga, was to ad-
vance directly to-
ward that city, and
m k g 4 feint
~arajDSfit
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
Have your Job Printing o at the Courier
Printing Office, Main Street, Opelousas, La
Satisfaction Guaranteed i'm Price and Work.
Estimates Furnished. Give us a trial order.

canned there. He was not long in discover.
ing that he was alone on the east side or
Lookout valley; that Bragg was not retreat
ing southwark and seemed to have no lnten-
ton of doing 50, that, finally, the valley east
of Lookout mountain was full of Confed-
crates, SO that he himself could not commu-
nicate with Thomas corps.
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

Cleve's divisions
e started south
to obey the order
of Rosecrans for a
vigorous pursuit.
Another order
came to Crittenden
Sept. Q that he
should leave only a
brigade in Chatta-
nooga and hasten
on southeast with
the rest of his
corps in the direc-
ton of kinggOld
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

mand, with the
Twentieth corps.
Gen. Met Cook was
a West Point grad
uate, 80 years old.
He had commanded
the right wing at
Stone River. Maj.
Gen. George H.
Thomas command
ed the center which
consisted Of b
Fourteenth army
corps. Rousseau's,
Negley's and Pal
mer's division S
ware in
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

to { acentrate his
corps near Lee &
CordoH's mills.
Sept. 12 Critterden
directed Co. lii
ler's t,:j IL 10
cover tie lefJ flank
IF tie infantry of
this corps OF their
march TO Lee &
Cordon.'s nails, to
obey Rosecrans':
order. On tie
II c ii Wiider''s
~. I'd L hot Skin
mis-; with the Con
federatcs, and lost
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
SUBSCRIBE FOR
THE 0PEAOUSAS COURIER
AND THE
ATLANTA CONSTITUTION,
Both for $3.50.

The value of a Newspaper
a. an Advertising medium
consists in its Circulation
When you can secure the
Combined Circulation q
Two Papers for the Price
of One, it is Money Saved!
The st. Landry Democrat
was consolidated on the
Sd of March, 1894, with
1.-The Opelousas Courier
TIL, Advertising Rates
have not been increased
while the Price Of Subs.
cription has been reduced
to Two Dollars a year.
The COURIER being by odas
the Best Paper in the En-
pire Parish of st. Landry
is therefore the Cheapest
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

ceedinS with his
plans as if no snch
letter was in exist
c Q. Rosecrans,
on the contrary, re-
piled indignantly
to Halleck h t
such an auction
eering of horrors"
he felt to be de-
grading to him as
an officer and a
citizen. This frank
$1,000 lsl S or
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

was to eros, Haccoon and Lookout mountains
and stop at u point called McLemore', Cove,
twenty miles south of Chattanooga. McCoo,
was to advance twenty miles south of Tl,o.n-
as, across Pigeon mountain, and appear in
the vicinity of Rome, Georgia.
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

taken too late. He
had hoped to de
stroy the railroad
and force Bragg to
fight on the north
side of Elk river.
But Bragg had al
ready Q d
south of Elk river
and was guarding
the bridge.
The C~onfederates
turned on Wilder
and pursued him,
forcing him to re-
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
THE FORWARD MOVEMENT.

Thus, June %, 1868, was begun the forward
movement. Rosecrans' army started in the
order shown on the map: McCook OF the
right, Thomas in the center, Crittenden on
&ba Loft
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
CRITTENDEN IN CHAT TANOOGA.

On the 9th of September Crittenden>s corps
entered Chattanooga, and found it elnptied
of Confederates. Gen. L. J. Woods division,
with Wood himself in command, was placed
in charge of the town. Palmer's and Van
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21

on this nine days campaign numbered about
10000, of whom were lost $50. But the great
battle had not yet been fought.
The Opelousas courier., 1894-07-21
Parish OF Saint Landry.
STANDING
luo1e!y and Incomppomisinglu
The Democratic Platform.
%OPELOUSAS COURIER

Is tn Advocate of Demo.
cratic Principles and tie
Friend Of the People.
Their welfare is its welfare.
and it will ever be found
defending their rights with
all of its ability.
Clubbing with the ATLANTA
CONSTITUTIONS; the COURIER
costs the subscriber only
$3.50 ger annum.
Both papers are consisted
Democratic Journals, new
er surrendering the partY's
doctrines in order to pay
homage t. a Man!
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1894-03-29

Enero 9.-Fsbrero 18.-Msrzo 1S.-Abrn l0.-May0
8-JuniO 1S-Julio I0AgostO 14.-Setiembre 1l.-Octu-
bre 9.-NoVtembre 18.-Dctsmbre is.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1894-03-29
Attractive sin precedente,
Dfstribuci6n de mas de un cuartO
de million de pesos

Los negocios de Compsnis Loeria del Estado de
Louisiana despues de veinte cnco de pr6speraa
operaeiones Esado de Louisiana sidO
dos la RepdbIca de Honduras donde estar& stuada per-
msnentemene ofcna principal Ia denominac6n de