The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-11-02
QUESTION OF CHAMBERS.
THE CAUSE AND COURSE OF THE
DISEASE EXPLAINED.
Exposition and Opinion by Doctor
Schneider the Government
Physician.


ions as to this disease, therefore feel it
my duty to give a description Of it.
Chambers is a contagious, malignant,
and fatal disease peculiar to the horse.
the ass and the mule, and it is trans
Missile to sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits
and mice, and even to man, who can
get it through wounds, and 1t always
ends fatally.
The cause of the disease is an organ
ism called "bacillus mallei" This
bacillus can sometimes be found in the
discharge from the nose Of a glandered
horse, and in the matter OF the lymph
attic glands and ducts. 1t is very re-
sistant, for it has been proved that after
nine months exposure to the air, wind
and rain it is able TO affect animals.
This will explain why the owner of a
horse is in so many cases unable to dis
cover where or how the horse contracted
the disease, and why in countries where
the best known precautions are taken
against its spread. it never dies out.
The bacillus mallei" increases very
rapidly in places where it finds suitable
nutriment such as in the bodies of the
above named animals, in potatoes, beef
tea, agar-agar, etc, and it also stays for
a long time on dry objects and is only
destroyed by temperature of over l40
degrees, and by almost every disinfect-
ant. This virus once in the body of the
horse or mule causes the disease called
CHAMBERS in one of four different forms,
viz: 1. Acute CHAMBERS; 9. Chronic
CHAMBERS; 3. Acute farcy; 4. Chronic
farcy.
The incubation goes usually through
the nose or mouth, by the introduction
of the virus by other horses, harness,
watering-troughs, food, posts, blankets.
or any other object that was be ore in
connection with glandered horse, and
can produce any of the above mentioned
forms of the disease or CHAMBERS and
faicy together.
From six days to three weeks after the
incubation the animal will show dis
tinct s. mtoms of sickness according to
the one of the four forms of disease it is
gong to have.
| Acute CHAMBERS starts with fever: the
temperature raising from l02o to l06 > e,
the hair gets rough staring. the breath
ing quick.
From the nose, and very often from
one nostril. flows discharge which is
first watery, but soon gets yellow, and
at last turns matter-like, feted, and
sometimes mixed with blood. In the
membrane on the partition of the nose,
small yellowish points or knots come up,
and after few days burst, producing
radiate ulcers with depressed centres
and elevated edges, which are eating
away the membrane and become con
fluent. The gland under the jaw of the
side of the effected nostril, or perhaps
on both sides, swells becomes hard, and
often adheres to the skin or the bone.
In the lungs the same points and ulcer
atoms arise, and the animal dies after a
sickness of two weeks to two months.
The chronic form of CHAMBERS shows
the same symptoms, only longer con-
lite is not troubled. The discharge
from the nose becomes not so quick,
fetid or offensive, the ulcers eat slowly
out steadily into membrane of the nose,
and often make holes in the partition
and causes assesses in the lungs. II
the ulcers are high up in the nose, oil
only in the lungs, the animal may be
sick for years and effect great number
of others without being declared sick
itself. To determine the diagnosis OF
CHAMBERS it is often necessary to inocu.
late another animal, such as a rabbit OF
a worthless horse or mule, which will
when the doubtful horse is affected
show the symptoms of acute glanders
in one or two weeks.
Farcy is located in the lymphatic
ducts and glands, and in the skin. The
Emphatic ducts and glands, especially
on the legs, swell up, being at first SC
painful anu infamed that the surround
ing tissues often swell up too. Along
these Emphatic ducts, buds from the
size of pea to hazel nut appear
which after some time burst and dis
charge an unhealthy pus. After a few
day s running these assesses dry up
leaving a scar, and others break out
The chronic form or rarcy shows tn,
same symptoms, only going slower; tn,
affected legs getting enlarged, and IT,
soreness being less. 1t generally de
velopes into CHAMBERS.
Some bad nasal gleet or carries of tn
, nasal homes is often mistaken fo
CHAMBERS, but in these troubles tn
characteristic points and ulcers ar
, never found, and the discharge i
mostly the same on both sides; il
CHAMBERS it is generally onesided.
In general, the following symptom
| should be regarded as suspicious gland
I ers or farcy:
1 l. Any one sided discharge from tn
nose, with swelling of the gland unde
the jaw on the same side.
= IL. Any chronic discharge from tn
I nostril with hard adherent swelling c
g the saId glands,
III. Any fnots or ulcers IN the men
brane of the parti ion of the nose.
w. Any swelling of the lymphati
:, ducts and glands accompanied by III
forming of swellings which discharg
: pus.
6 Treatment of the disease is Away
n useless and ought never to be unde
k taken.
: To prevent the spread of this diseas
every suspicious case shouId be r