The record-union., 1894-05-22
ROYAL BAKING POWDER.
Highest of all in Leavrning Powe-Late U. S Govt Report
Il|tAl q! Bski;'g Bs,xijs'!
OluTErY PURE

detail-plans which have been prepared
by Messrs. BaZalgette and Haywood,
who have had more real experience than
any men in EuroDe. Mr.. Chadwick now
reiires on his we'll earned title &C. 3D. and
a pension of s., 00O per annum. and his
| First Lieutenant, +. O. Ward, an ex-
surgeon, and clerk to member OF Far
| lament reigns in his stead. He has no
| engineering experience; he began to
study hydraulics the most abstruse
branch OF engineering)w when be became
q drainage agitator under Mr.. Chadwick;
from the clerks Of works he learned to
distinguish a grade from level and the
capacity of a cubic yard of earth; in
few weeks he found himself competent
to snub Cubitt and correct Stephenson
and give instructions to the engineer OF
the board.
At this period the powers of the Board
of Health were about to expire, and the
bill for the renewal OF their autocratlc
powers was under the consideration OF
committee Of the House of Commons.
TO counterbalance the unfavorable report
of the engineer of the commission letters
or reports were obtained from the local
engineers by the Board of Health describ-
ing in glowing terms the economy and
success OF the small pipe system i'll many
small towns. The commission thereupon
directed their engineer 10 proceed to the
towns named, to examine and report
upon their sewer and water works ar
rangements. The examination proved
the total failure OF the Board of Health
system. Nevertheless the Secretary of
State for the Home Department chose to
favor the Board of Health report, with
the result that the whole commission re-
signed with the exception of the paid
Chairman, and (. O. Wards name now
appears as Commissioner.
MIR. Ward lost very little time in pro-
ducing for the drainage of London plan
OF gigantic absurdity. The leading
features of this scheme were the separa-
ton OF the surface or rain water for the
house drainage, by having one set of
sewers and house drains to carry off the
rain waters, and duplicate set for the
house drainage. Mr.. Ward stated that
this could be effected by the sewers nav
ing fall of one in three hundred, which
fall he proposed To obtain by the aid OF
pumping. On the north side OF the
Thames he proposed to have three lines
of inlercepting sewers. similar i'll plans to
those suggested by MIR. Bazal gette into
which the sewers FALLING from the north
to south were to discharge. In each line
of intercepting sewer were TO be three
pumping lifts Of sixty feet each, or nine
lifts OF sixty feet for the north side. Mr..
Ward considered this scheme would only
cost ten million dollars more than the
gette.
But we must do Mr.. Ward the justice
to admit that he haG per contra i'll mill
ions from the sale of manure. He has
adopted all the theories of the Board OF
Health and boldly applied them in Lon
don. Mr.. Ward requested the engineers
to lend him their assistance in working
out the gigantic absurdity. OF course
they refused to lend themselves to any
foil 81 fl.
ened with the future opposition of the
Crown Commissioner and with parlia-
mentary inquiry.
Notwithstanding the animOsity which
had existed for so many years against the
engineers, we find that in 1858 the Legis-
lature determinedly took up the question
of the sewerage of London, and funds
politan Board of Works, and the plans of
Mr.. Bazalgette and his associates were
successfully completed.
At the date of the projection of these
works the greater part of the sewers of
the metropolis were found TO be sewers
of deposit, on account of the insufficiency
of the fall. The flushing system was
then adopted and is still in use. At the
present time there are 900 miles of sewers,
which would choke up if they were not
regularly flushed. 1t is a popular fallacy
that the main drainage has eifectually
improved these lateral sewers. About
1900 per annum is spent for flushing
purposes.
The outfall of the sewerage of London
into the River Thames at Crossness is
about twelve miles below London
Bridge. The average quantity of sewage
delivered is about 50, 100000 gallons per
diem. Large as this quanlity is the steam
engines employed in pumping the sew
age are equal to double the average flow
OF 80 tons per minnie. OF this quantity
of sewage the Native Guano Company
We're capable of dealing IN the twenty
four hours with 100000 gallons in 1873.
This quantity is drawn throughsa cul-
vert into the sump OF pump worked by
a fifteen horsepower engine, whence it
flows into contact with the A. B. G con-
stituents. From the mixing trough the
sewage, as described, flows to the settling
| tanks. These tanks are six in number,
built of concrete, fifty feet by twenty and
eight feet deep. When leaving the last
tank the water is made to take a consider
able fall, so as to afford room for sub
way in such manner as to place the
sheet of water, as clear as plate OF glass
between the visitor and the diffused light
of the sky. IN this position the trans
parency of the water is subjected to
most severe test, leaving no doubt as to
the previous subsidence of the solid
into the Thames.
During an official trial extending over
eighty days there were used eighty tons
of dry a, b, . materials alum, blood
clay and chareoaD, whilst the native
guano (Which the manure is called)
amounted in the dry state TO 13l tons,
showing an increase of more than 63 per
cent. Therefore, one ton of dry guano
was obtained from 80, 100 gallons OF the
(frOSGnnSS SpWaUp fIha nricn of tho
guano at the works Is Sl7 50 per ton,
yielding profit. it is said, of 81 80 per
ton. The cost OF these works is esti-
mated at about So. 900 for 2U,00o inhabit-
ants. The state OF the efiiuent water may
be viewed from two points: that of the
analytical chemist and that OF a practical
man of the world.
! The former can without difficulty
| make out case which would lead per-
sons ignorant of the weakness OF chem
/ icai reasoning to condemn any water in
the world, and sensation is readily Gre
ated by manipulating figures i'll such q
way as to convert grains of the normal
constituents of good drinking water into
! tons OF impurities, and by classifying
perfectly innoXious substances under the
! fearful title of previous sewage con-
/ taniuation." The good that men do
/ lives after them, the evil lies buried with
/ their BONES"
T. t. NEwBERY. Civil Engineer.
! The Academia Association meets at