davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news., 1894-06-04
Cowpea for Green Manurinr.

Bulletin United States Department OF Agrt
culture,
The cowpea is widely used as a green
manuring in the southern states. Accord
ing TO the North Carolina experiment
station, "the cowpel, being a tender an
nual, should always be sownin the spring.
II viii give a good yield sown as late as
July |, but the earlier it is sown after
danger of frost is past the heavier the
yield. The pea is usually sown broadcast
atithe rate of two bushels per acre and
plowed or narrowed in The cowpea is
not affected by heat, aud is less sensitive
to drought than any of the clovers.n
Experiments have shown that Cowpeas
respond readily to applications of potash
and phosphates, and are able TO derive
their nitrogen very largely from the air.
lpaSmuch as cowpeas are large gathers
OF nitrogen, and also secure considerable
amounts of potash and phosphoric acid
through their extensive root system,
which reaches down to the subsoil, they
have high fertilizing value. How TO get
the greatest benefit from the ferti-
hzlng constituents of cowpeas is,
one of the problems of which
the experiment stations are working. Ii
the cowpeas are plowed under in the fall
and the ground left bare until spring, a
large share of the nitrogen will be
leached away. BY sowing wheat or rye
after the cowpeas are plowed under, part
of this loss may be avoided. If the vines
are cut, and allowed TO lie on the ground
during the winter, the nitrogen is rapidly
lost. In an experiment at the station in Ala
bama il was found that vines gathered in
October had from l. As to ,. 90 per cent. of
nitrogen, while if left on the ground until
January, they had only about 0.70 per
cent, i, e, they lost two-thirds of their
most valuable fertilizing ingredient.
Experiments at the Louisiana station
show that one acre of cowpeas, yielding
3,91038 pounds of organic matter, turned
under, gave TO the soil 6495 pounds of
nitrogen, 20 39 pounds of phosphoric acid
and l1O56 pounds of potash. of which at
least S.A pounds of nitrogen, 4.4S pounds
of phosphoric acid, and Is. l pounds of pot
ash were furnished by the roots. Anal
yses made at the South Carolina
station show that cowpea hay con
tains LAP per cent. of potash, 0.39
per cent. of phosphoric acid,
and 27l per cent of nitrogen Cowpea
roots contained 10 per cent. of potash,
OBS per cent. Of phosphoric acid and 0. "a
per cent. of nitrogen; the roots and stub
bic, two months after the crop was har-
vested, contained 0.S3 per cent. of potash,
OPS per cent. of phosphoric acid and l .35
per cent, of nitrogen Experiments else
where showed that the vines from given
area weighed six times as much as the
roots, and were $ Sls times as valuable for
manure.
Cowpeas and melilotus have given good
results as green manure on the canebrake
lands of Alabama. Before the land
was sowed in melilotus and cowpeas it
was not considered worth cultivating.
This season (lS90) it produced as fine a
crop as the best lands of the station
highly fertilized.
The morning news., 1894-06-04
SCOURS IN PIG.
The Great Mortalitv It Occasions and
the Preventive Measures.

Ine tr6at mOrCal1tv 1t OScas IONS and
the Preventive Measures,
An exchange says more little pigs are
lost from scours than from any other one
cause; it is most liable to occur in the
first ten days of their lives The preven-
tion of this is the better plan, by avoid
ing the cause. The sow should be kept
in perfect condition and never allowed to
become costiye, She should have only
wholesome food, pure water and sufficient
exercise
Do not make sudden changes or irregu-
larity in her feed; mixed feed, with not
too much corn, is best Keep the bowels
in good condition by the use of some
ground oil-cake meal (old process) in the
mixture for the swill. Pure AaX-seed is
too oily and not enough of the bone and
muscle forming ingredients. which is sup
piled by using the ground linseed cake,
which Is moderate laxative and not
violent, like pure fiaxseed. And it is in
this way regular food prepared as
stated, prevents the necessity OF a strong
purgative, which is liable to produce
scours in the pigs. Also, prevent both
SOW and pigs from catching cold by keep
ing properly sheltered, and not allowing
either to be out in a storm.
Do not allow the sow to become eX-
tremely hungry and then ravenously to
overeat or gorge herself. Should scours
occur after precautions taken, give the
sow a teaspoonful Of powdered alum in
little sweet milk once day for two or
three days, until checked Let her out TO
get fresh air. Keep the pigs in. Clean
the pen of all droppings and dust the
floor with dry earth, and keep bedding
changed to fresh aud clean. Let the pigs
be quiet, and keep them warm and com
fortab bic
The morning news., 1894-06-04
Nail in Foot.

Country Gentleman recommends the
following treatment
Nail wounds should always have a
free opeuing-that is, the hoof or frog
should be cut away at seat of injury to
allow of treatment to the wound and free
exit for pus if any forms; then soak foot
in warm salt water half an hour or more
twice day for two or three DAYS. After
soaking each time rub or syringe into the
wound some of the following: Tincture
compound aloes, ounces: linseed oil, 3
ounces spirits turpentine, ounces; mix
If wound is a bad one give dose Of
physic A poUtice Is good nights only
for two or three times, but not more.
Spirits of salts, tar, etc, should never be
used - tH ..
The morning news., 1894-06-04

Millions of fertile, low-priced acres in
all parts of the world are being titled in
wheat by cheaper labor, supplemented by
the wonderful labor-saving American in
vention, which speak all languages, if we
may use the term, and serves all masters
with equal faithfulness and efficiency
Our machinists first supplied our own
farmers, and then sold their surplus of
iron slaves to their competitors, and they
make up our minds that the foreign de-
mand for our cereals will every year be
supplied in an increasing ratio from other
soils than ours. What then is left to
American farmers? ITO a man up a tree'
it looks, as Gen. Sherman said, as if we
must depend upon supplying the wants of
our own people. We must try and pro
duce everything our soil and climate will
produce that we now import.
The morning news., 1894-06-04
GREEN MANURING.
A Summing UP of It's Main Fea-
lures.


lures.
from Bulletin No. 10, National Department
of Agriculture
~ Green manuring improves the ply
Scal properties of the soil by making the
soil more porous and adding to its supply
OF humus. 1t brings up the dormant
plant food from deep down in the soil and
9Geposits it near the surface, where it can
face.
hungarian grass, and other non-legumi-
nous plant adds practically nothing to
e sne SOIL which was not there before, eX
gept mass of vegetable matter which
uecays and goes to form humus.
lol Green manuring with clovers, peas,
Oeans, lupines, etc, (legumiuous crops),
actually enriches the soil in nitrogen
urawn from the air. These plants can
grow with very little soil nitrogen. They
evore up the nitrogen of the air as they
srow' and when plowed under give it up
70 the soil and to future crops. 1t is the
vneapest means of manuring the soil with
nitrogen.
q But animals, as well as plants, re-
qulre nitrogen for food. BY feeding the
oIops or clover, cowpea, ETC., only about
V.ne1ourth of the fertilizing materials of
| ,no cFop is lost II the manure is properly
JARED Tor. AS the nitrogen of the air is
Ile cheapest source of nitrogen for plants,
|o IL IS the cheapest source of protein
,ultrogen) for animals The leguminous
eIop Is the best utilized when it is fed
ouy on the farm and the manure saved
aug applied to the soil. The greatest
pIoht IS thus secured and nearly the same
ing -
l9l For renovating worn or barren soils,
,u auu Ior maintaining the fertility where
@ Cno oarnyard manure is not properly
~aleu Tor, green manuring with such
The morning news., 1894-06-04

iegumlnous crops as cowpea, clovers, and
Idplhes IS recommended. a dressing of
potash and phosphates will usually be
suDclent for the green manuring crop.
(ol Inc practice OF green manuring on
medlum and better classes of soils is ir-
ralonal and wasteful. The farmer
shouid mend his system so that the barn
yafd manure will be as well cared for as
any Other farm product. Loss from sur
lace washing, teaching, fermentation,
and decay should be guarded against.
ihen the feeding of richer food will mean
riener manure and better and cheaper
crops.
q The system of soiling, or feeding
green crops in the barn in place of pas
turage, enables a larger number of ami
mails TO be kept on given area of land,
ana the manure to be more completely
saved. For this purpose leguminous
crops are extremely valuable.
90 Hay from leguminous crops is about
twice as rich in protein as hay from
grasses. In the one case this protein
lnltrogen) Is obtained very largely from
tne atmosphere; in the other it is all
Drawn trom the fertility of the soil.
Leguminous. crops yield larger crops of
nay TO the acre than grasses. Hence the
production OF food materials on an acre,
especially protein, is several times larger
WITH leguminoHs crops.
l94 If allowed to ripen. the seed of the
cowpea and sofa bean furnishes an ex-
tremely rich concentrated feed which.c can
be ground and led in place of expensive
commercial feeds. The straw remaining
may be fed as coirse fodder, for it is
richer than ordinary hay
56l6t Grow more: l5guminous crops.
They furnish the cheapest food for stock
and the cheapest manure for the soil.
They dothis. because they obtain from
the air a substance necessary for plants
and animals alike, which costs in the
form of fertilizers and feeding stuffs from
Is to % cents q pound .-.. ~
The morning news., 1894-06-04

mature enough it will drop from the hulls
10 insure crop the succeeding year
Cattle and hogs can be turned into the
REID ana they can not CLEAN them all
MIR. Gilmore turns his stock into his pea
helds in the fall subsequently
ne plants oats. After oats are
harvested in the spring the
pea crop is up and grows luxuriantly,
being very prolific. He sells large guam
titles Of this variety in Georgia and
south Carolina. Whenever introduced
there Is big demand for them. Mr..
Gilmore claims that the vines are more
Valua ole as fertilizers to the land than
the peas are for feeding purposes.
& r G
The morning news., 1894-06-04
Farming, To-Day and To-morrow.


The truth is, new order of things is
dawning upon us, says the Farmers Re
view. All professions are touched by it,
including the profession of farming; new
conditions demand new adaptations, and
to argue the maintenance at any price of
the former supremacy of the pioneers,
the suppression by organizations of all
younger competitors and the recovery by
force. if necessary, of what has been lost,
is shortsighted aud destructive of self
The world is a huge machine, whose
wheels move slowly, yet with irresistible
force; he who processes not to see or at
temptS to oppose its onward march is
simply crushed. Nature knows no
pity, neither does she respect
age or guilelessness relentless in the ex-
ecution of her laws, she stamps ignor-
ance of them as n crime and Furnishes
with extinction those that refuse to learn
of their existence; better, therefore. far
to understand these new conditions than
to try to keep life in its old channels
wiser to adapt ourselves to them than to
step aside and out of the current This
means that the farmer must think and
plan and act for himself. Science reveals
TO him the principles on which he must
build; but their wise and correct applica-
tion to the ends in view rests with himself
and cannon be delegated to another.
Even granting for the sake of argu-
ment that it could be done, and that
thereby all crops could be increased to
one-half as much more as they are at
present, it would affect, of course, all far
mers, here as in Europe, in Egypt as in
India the formula revealed would pro
duce the same results. Prices, by rea-
son of overproduction, would simply go
down, and the purchasing power of the
crops sold would be just what it is now
no material or visible change would mark
the condition of our free farmer Intelli-
gence divides individuals as we'll as ma
tions, and is the lever y which man may
lift himself to higher level .r.
The morning news., 1894-06-04
The Comparative Value of Corn and
Cottonseed Meal. g.

Mr.. L. w H, who is careful and in
telligent reader Of our agricultural de-
partment, sends us few notes relative
to tine article on cottonseed meal, which
was published in our columns last week.
The discrepancy which Mr. H. found
was chiefly typographical. We woald
have been pleased to publish his remarks
entire, if he had taken The necessary
care to prepare them for the printer
We agree with him fully in his state
ment that when our people iced the cot
tonseed meal and apply it through the
medium of cattle, feeding to the land,
VIII continue 20 make as much cotton and
make more beef and butter at home than
we can use"
We shall have a number of of articles
IN our columns in the near future rela-
uyeto the use of cottonseed meal--a food
mat we should not permit a'pound of it to
90 out of the country
The morning news., 1894-06-04

rolled The grass seeds come up all right,
but the stand is uneven, and the grass
diminutive in size and poor in color.
showing the unmis taxable Signso OF poverty
OF soil. Grass used IN a rotation gener-
ally comes up well, for the soil has beCn
heavily manured for the grains. ana il
has not been given a chance 70 run down.
But even then fair application OF ma
nure would make vas. difference in the
cJ0p.
If we are to make our hay crops more
valuable it is necessary that we should
plant the seed with the definite idea OF
making every square foot pay. Some
times we look upon the grass crop as
simply as an incident side issue of the
farming and not as a crop that is to paw
US like the grains and vegetables. The
result is that we often send indifferent
grades of nay to market and get paid ac-
cordingly. The finest grades Of hay come
from farmers who make a speciality of
this work, and the results of their efforts
show what study and special application
will do. Their timothy is always
their clover and clover mixed
hays show similar perfection. Ow-
ing to the exhaustiug process
of timothy hay it is uuwiSe to grow this,
the most valuable grass for hay, to the
exclusion of all others, Clover and other
grasses have come IN as a share In the
rotations. The hay fields of those farm
ers who raise hay. for the city markets
are sights To be seen. The grass is tall.
straight and even throughout, and the
yield per acre averages three or four tons.
Every appliance necessary for securing a
big crop is on hand They know also
when to'cut, how to cure, and how to
bale it for the market They know also
when and where to market to get the
highest prices. Hay raising by them is
profitably business but to Compete with
with them old methods must be
abandoned, and new ones adopted.
The morning news., 1894-06-04
prNE AsHEs as A FERT111zER.
Good for Pasture Or MeaC

Good for Pasture Or Meadow Land
Editor Morning News; have a large
amount of pine ashes which have been
accumulating at my mill for years, being
the raking from the furnace. Pine had
been used for fuel exclusively. I would
like to know whether the ashes are of
any use as a fertilizer for cotton or corn
ground sufficiently to repay me for the
hauling of the ashes about a quarter of a
mile If so, in what manner should the
ashes be applied to the land TO derive the
best result S. NJ. BEACH.
Susina, Ga.
The morning news., 1894-06-04

AS there is very little potash and phos-
phoric acid in such ashes they have com
paratively little value for fertilizing pur-
poses The principal element in them is
lime. Where you have land containing a
good quantity of vegetable matter il will
be helpful in Fastening its decomposition
TO apply one or two tons OF these ashes
broadcast Do not plow the ashes in
deeply but apply them on the surface after
the vegetable matter has been turned
under The tendency of lime is to
sink, consequently it should be applied
on the surface
Such material, however, can be used to
better advantage by broadcasting it in
the winter or early spring on any pas
ture or meadow land ton to the acre.
FOR this purpose it will be well worth
the hauling, even several miles.
The morning news., 1894-06-04
a Valuable Pea.

Sandersville. Ga, June 1.-Editor
Morning News: The constitutional
pea is variety for the field that is being
extensively raised by George Gilmore,
Worthen, Ca, one ofthe most progressive
farmers in Washington county. IL is re-
markable from the fact that no second
planting ever becomes necessary when
once planted in a field and allowed to
The morning news., 1894-06-04
M MoNrvALE sPRIN Ncs,
MOUNTAIN TOP HOTEL AND SPRINGS.

Rockfish Gap, Blue Ridge Mountains.
I,996 Feet Above Sea Level.
An old-fashioned Virginia resort, Fine
views. Delightful temperature. Pure water
Convenient TO railroads. No mosquitoes.
Reasonable rates. Address
MEssRs. MASSIE & Co,
Alton Va
The morning news., 1894-06-04
Cuoumbers for Pickles.

crop for pickling3 What is considered
fair or average yield per acre? How are
tine cucumbers put up in large quantities
for sale to merchants? H.C.
Camden county.
In Middle Georgia the melon or cucum-
Der worm is so destructive TO late planted
crops there are very few, we believe,
who attempt to grow a late crop of either
melons or cucum bers. But for this
agency cucumbers could be planted as
late as the middle of August with every
possibility of making a maximum crop
Should you attempt q late crop plant it in
land that has been wen manured for a
previous crop of Irish potatoes, early
corn or the like and that has been kept
clean during the summer 1t may be
necessary to cultivate or harrow such
land several times in order to keep it
free from weeds or grass. You will find
that the cucumber crop will grow 'fike
magic when planted on soil of this char
acter. Twenty bushels of cucum bers
suitable for pickles will be fine yield
usually, and such ought to bring 50 per
busael.
The freshly gathered cucumber should,
after being washed, be put into brine-a
Dushel of salt to every twelve bushels of
cucumbers, and kept in it until ready to
be put into vinegar. The cucunbers can
he kept in the brine indefinitely To
pickle, wash from the brine and put into
good seasoning according to
taste. Plain pickles are always a relish,
and usually command Is to 20 cents per
quart.
The morning news., 1894-06-04

Questions and communications relative
to agricultural and horticultural subjects,
if addressed to Agri. Editor, Drawer N,
Milledgeville, Ga, will receive immediate
attention. a,. ...
The morning news., 1894-06-04

We solicit articles for this department.
The name of the writer should accompany
the letter or article, not necessarily for
pubica tion, but as an evidence of good
faith.
Democratic Northwest and Henry County news. [volume] (Napoleon, O. [Ohio]) 1894-1905, 1894-05-03
r,aa ner NeW snoe. shlnsn.

Two modest young women, quietly dress
ed, crossed Broadway. The young women
had very rosy cheeks. They may have
been from the country, or they may live In
a remote suburb Of Brooklyn. One wore
gold trimmed eyeglasses. As her toes peep
cd in end cut from under her dress every
body could see that she wore brand new
shoes. She could see them through her
eyeglasses, and they worried her. They
spoiled the effect OF her fine dress and coat
and bonnet. The shoes were entirely in
nocent of polish. Dull black, they had
never been shined.
On the north side OF Park place, near
Broadway, stood bootblack's chair. OF
sudden impulse the girl with the eye
glasses jumped into the chair and seated
herself She put her feet-very pretty lit.
tie feet-on the pedals, and the matter of
fact bootblack set to work 10 shine her
shoes. The other girl stood bravely by. A
great many people passed, and the unusu-
al sight affected them differently. Some
of the women turned up their noses when
they saw the girl in the chair. The
thoughtless men who passed grinned. One
man scowled and said, "Humphl they'll
be in tho barber chairs next" Another
looked on Gdmiringly and complimented
the young woman thus: "There's a girl
with good sense."
When the two young women saw they
were attracting attention, they blushed
until their cheeks were even redder. Then
the girl with the glasses recovered her
self possession and stared stonily at those
who stared at her. 1t was noticeable that
the bootblack, perhaps from sheer force OF
habit, turned up the hem of his custom
ers' dress about en- inch. When he had
put "patent leather shine" on her shoes,
the young womaa jumped down from the
chair, paid him and walked away with her
friend, looking ut her shoe tips with the
greatest satisfaction. York World.
Democratic Northwest and Henry County news. [volume] (Napoleon, O. [Ohio]) 1894-1905, 1894-05-03
ClcVeY.

A story which shows of how much usS
guesswork may be TO dealer in the su.
pernatural Is related By historian OF
the reign of the French king Louis XI.
An astrologer had gained considerable ce.
lebrity, particularly ut the kings court.
After the manner of astrologers of all
times. he had done great doal of clever
guessing, and, thanks to this and to some
lucky condolences, various of his predic>
tions had beon fulfilled. 1t happened that
he predicted the death of lady of the
court within eight days, and ON toe eighth
day she died.
This created sensation, and the king
was superstitious enough to believe that
art. He sent for him, previously having
ordered some of his attendants to throw
the astrologer out of the window.
"You who profess to be 80 skillful, and
to foretoll the fate of every one, tell me
the date Of your own death" said Louis
blandly.
Luckily for himself, the magician guess
ed that the king had some direful plan,
and his readiness at playing upon super
stition and credulity stood him in good
stead. He answered promptly, "TEree
days before your majesty"
1t is pleasant to know that the French
king did not give the signal for the read.
er of horoscopes to be thrown out of the
window, and 1t may be hoped that that
parsonage was SO badly scared that he
adopted less perilous and more respect
able occupation. Youths Companion.