The morning call., 1894-11-25


THE SEVEN WoNDERs-M. A. NJ. Sacra-
mento, Cal. The seven wonders of the world
are: The pyramids, the Colossus of Rhodes,
Diana's Temple at Ephesus. the Pharos OF
Alexandria, the hanging gardens at Babylon.
the statue OF Olymplan Jove and the mauso-
leum by Artemsia at Ealcarnassus. The
pyramids were constructed of blocks Of red or
syenitic granite ana OF hard cacareous stone.
These blocks were OF extraordinary dimensions
and their transportation 10 the site of the
pyramids and their adjustment In their places
indicate a degree of surprising mechanical
skill. The great pyramid covers an area OF
between twelve and thirteen acres. The ma
sonry consisted originally of 89,02S 900 cubic
feet and still amounts 10 about 80, III 900 feet.
The vertical height at this Tine is 400 feet,
against 479 feet originally. The present length
OF the sioes Is 746 feet, as against 764 feet
originally. The total weight of the stone used
in the construction is estimated at 6,316. 000,-
600 tons. The city OF Rhodes was beSieged by
DemeIrlus PolroceteS. King OF Maced on, but,
aided by PtOlemy Softer, King of Egypt, the
enemy was repulsed. To express their graft
tude 10 their allies and TO their tuielary de ty,
they erected braZen statue OF Apollo. It was
l05 feet high and hollow, with winding stair
case that assembled TO the head. After stand
ing tifty-siX years IL was OVeTthrOWn by an
earthquake. 1924 years before Christ. and lay
nine centuries on the ground, ana was then sold
by the Saracens, who had captured Rhodes
about the middle of the seventh century.
1t is said that IL required 900 camelS
to remove the metal, and from this IL Is
estimated that Its weight must have been
10000 pounds. The Temple OF Diana at
EDnesus was built al the common charge OF all
the Asiatic States The chief architect was
Chersiphon, and Pliny says that it took 220
years TO complete the temple, whose riches
were Immense. II was 425 feet long, 225 feet
broad, and The roof was supported by 125 col
umnS OF Parian marble-6O feet high. each
weighing $50 tOns-furniShed by as many
kings. 1t was set on fire on the NJ ght OF Alex
snders birth by an obscure person named
EroStatus, who confessed on the rack that the
sole motive which prOmp, ed him TO destroy the
structure was The desire 10 transmit bis name
10 future ages The temple was rebuilt. but
was once more burned, then by the GoThs 10
their naval invasion A. ID. 256. The Pharos OF
Alexandria was a lighthouse on HE rocky
iset on the coast of Egypt, which Alexander
the Great connected with Alexandria by the
HeptaStadium or Seven-furung mole. II was
begun by Ptoemy l, who reigned B. G. 323-285.
1t was finished about b. Z. $50. It is believed
10 have been 400 feet In height and TO have
stood 1900 years. The fire constantly lighted on
its summit was visible at distance of forty
miles. The hanging gardens of Babylon were
ascEibed TO Queen Semiramts, and to Nebu
chadneZZar. seven centuries later, but stu five
centuries B. e. They were in the form of
square, with an area of nearly four acres, ris-
ing In terraces curiOuSly constructed with stone
pillars across which were placed stones, covered
with reeds and bitumen, and again with bricks
TO prevent moisture from flowing down, and
finally a sufficient layer of earth; The
summit being elevated 800 feet above
the Dase, so that al a distance the whole had
the appearance of pyramidal wooded hill.
There was large reservoir at the summit filed
with water by pumping from the Euphraies
for The irrigation OF the gardens aud their sup
ply OF the numerous fountains. Fountains and
Danquetins-rooms were distributed through
out The numerous terraces; groves OF trees as
we'll as parerres OF flowers diyersihed the
Cfafn n
temple OF Olympia at Ellis was by Phidas. II
was in gold and ivory and sat enthroned in the
temple for 800 years. and was finally destroyed
by hre about A. ID. 40. From the best lnfOU-
nation 1t Is believed mat the Mausoleum at
Halicarnassus was rectangular building sur
rounded by an Ionic porlico OF thlrty-six col
nmns and suTmounted by Il pyramid, rising In
tWeuty-fOur steps, upon The summit of which
was colossal marble Quadriga with a statue
OF Mausolus. The magnificent structure was
erected by Artemisia, VINO was the sister, wife
aud successor Of Mausolus.
SPELLING REFoRM-A. O., San Jose, Santa
Clara County, Cal. The Spelling Reform Asso-
citation. which was organized as an interna-
tional convention in Philad elphia in 1876. had
for its object the represen tation more simply.
In writing and print, OF the accepted pronun-
citation OF words. The organization Of the asso-
clation was the result OF discussions in the
United States and abroad for years previous
Inc English association was formed In 1879.
Ry bo,h societies the following changes were
recommended for general ado ption at meetings
neld in 1854. 1-Drop silent in vineyard,
live and so forth. 2-Drop from ca in feather
etc.; drop from ca in heart. tic. 3-For be auty
use the OLD word beuty. drop o from go In
leopard, etc. {; for yeOman write woman 5-Drop
IN parliament. 6-WIiIe where O has The II
sound as IN above; for women write wimen:
crop WDere on sounds u, as in journal. s.
~ Drop silent atter IN guess, etc.; drop final
ue 10 Catalogue, etc 10-For rhyme write rlme.
11-No double final consOnsnts except ia all
and shall, no medal ones as IN battle nor mi
tlal where prefix Is unacceuted as in abbrevi-
are 1Z-Drop silent as IN plumb. etc. 13-
Change c back for IN cinder, ferce, hence,
once, pence, scarce, since, source, thence,
tierce, whence: 14-Drop of Oh In chamo.
mile, melancholy, choer. school, stomach. Is
Change mai and ed to when so pronounced
as III crossed, looked, except when tie
snecls the preceding SOUND. 16-DrOpg In feign,
foreign, etc. lI-Drop in aghast, burgh, ghost,
ana gh IN naughty. though (thO) and
The ike. 18-DroD In could; and 10, D In re-
celpt; ana 70, In aisle. island, dymesne, and
change TO In the verbs abuse. rise. etc. 2l-
Drop IN scent, scythe (sithe); and %, in
catch, pitch, ETC.; and %. in whole. "a
WIN write | Tor pm In philosophy. sphere and the
step rules L, 2, IL, 10 and "a were recon-
nended. A number of papers In tie United
States for tine adopted the new Idea, but 1t
did no: meet with popular favor. It was
dropped and the OLD style, to which the peOpIe
had been educated, restored. The only news
papers thai followed out the rules laid down
the Mall of Chicago. The reform, IL ever
adopted, Will have TO be gradual.
CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKES - Inquirer,
Bishop, Inyo County, Cal. On the 18th OF Au.
gust. 1885. the city of Charleston, S. c., was
visited by disastrous cyclone, and in the year
1886 the city and surrounding country was dis
turbed by thirty shocks of earthquake, the cen.
ter OF The trembling of the earth being princI.
pally under tie city named. he first OF these
was or the PIN OF August and they continued
until the 30rh OF September. The following is
the record:
August 81. one slight shock; 90 one slight
shock; 81, five shocks, destructive
September 1, three severe shocks; 2, three
severe shocks; 3, two severe shocks; 4, two
slight shocks; 3, one moderate shock; Z, two
slight shocks; 8, one slight shock; 10, one
slight shock; ~. one slight shonk; Is, TWO
moderate shocks; 81, one severe shock; %,
one moderate shock. local; 81. one severe
shock; 70, one moderate shock; 80, one slight
shock.
The greatest destruction occurred on the
night OF the 31st OF August, when a great
amount OF property was destroyed and forty
ives were lost. great many-the number was
never known-were wounded. The majority OF
the houses In the city and many in The suburbs
were demolished and large number of homes
NJ &. IN nnH ~ Iz,-