The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1894-06-15

In many sections the fall seeding Of
Timothy will prove IL success II the
conditions are favorable, says w. A.
Henry. of the Madison, Wis.,, expert
mcit station. First of all there must
| lie IL sufficient amount of moisture in
TIC soil to not only sprout the seed,
but maintain the young tender grass
plants rs they begin to grow. An ideal
seed can he formed by blowing stubble
land curly and cultivating 1t every
| time the weeds have started well,
coaxing the weed seeds TO grow and
| then killing the young weed plants
| with the shallow cultivation before
they have had time TO get any hold on
| tie soil. Following for few weeks
F! in this way will firm the soil beneath
I; and leave Il fine seed bed almost free
i from weeds OF an inca or two in depth.
| Timothy seed Sown broadcast or with
scc.lcr. and put in with Il light drag
| will make Il line stand under such cir
cun,stanccs. Sometimes the stubblc
fields are very free from weeds, and
no blowing is needed. but one or two
borrowings will stir the soil sufficient
Iy to allow the seed to catch. In order
To get the best stand should prefer
blowing and thorough preparation.
There is perhaps no part OF general
farming less understood than the use
of nurse" crops for grasses and clo-
yrrS. Farmers ask me again and again
when recommending the sowing Of clo-
vcr and grass seeds by themselves II
the young plants will not burn up with
the sun unless some grain, like oats,
barley. wheat or rye are sown. for pro-
lection. Let us look into this Il little:
! Where one Of these grains is sown to-
getlcr with grass and clover. one or
both. the roots from the grain plant
soon reach deep into the soil consider
ably below the roots of the young grass
, or clover II there is plenty Of mois-
ture both grow together nicely; il there
Is :, lack the grain roots being the
deepest get the moisture, taking it from
the grass or clover roots. and the latter
plants die if the supply is cut off for
any length Of time. The truth of the
matter is, these so-callcd nurse crops"
are Il great hindrance to the grasses
and Covers. and only when there is
moisture for both do both succeed.
We have never failed yet getting
good stand of clOvcrs and grasses when
we have sown them alone in the spring
while frequently both clover and tim
cthy have failed to give Il good catch
VIXEN sown with grain because the
young plants died out in hot, dry
weather.
And so. for fall seeding Of timothy,
| advise sowing the grass seed alone,
o: possibly clover with it. though the
Clover may be left until the following
spring. II there is moisture and the
ground is in order the tender grass
plants will grow with wonderful rap
idity and soon the field will be green
| as green as il winter. wheat were sown
and gain plenty Of strength to with
stand the winters freezing and thaw-
in-.
In sowing grasses by themselves
weeds come up dlawing out moisture
and shading the young plants. To
chec': these run mower over the field,
setting the cutter bar high. The grass
plants will soon gain victory over the
weeds with this treatment.
I have seen timothy sown SUCCESS
fully on well prepared ground with
| tHrnips harvested. This will only do
where there is plenty of moisture for
both and the soil rich and favorable.
l have also seen corn field Guilt
waited with level cultivation and tim
otly seed sown between the corn
rawS. in August, and good stand Sc
cared. Here, too. there must be plenty
OF moisture. and 1t is necessary to cut
the stalks of corn level with the ground
that they may not interfere with the
mower the next season. In many
parts of the country timothy will sue
coed best when sown in the fall.
!, Keeping Milk Sweet.
F! To keep milk sweet 1t should be re-
duced to as low temperature as pos
+, s;blc at the earliest practical moment
after milking. The milk is conducted
over timed tubes while ice cold water
runs through the tubes. In five min
utes the temperature of the milk il re-
duced over 10 degrees. Milk so chilled
does not sour SO rapidly as that which
coOls slowly, says writer in American
Cultivator. The cream from separated
milk should keep sweet longer, as a
rule. than from milk set in pans or
cans for the reason that 1t must always
he moro uniformly sweet than cream
skinned otherwise in warm weather.
Then il chilled ut once and set in deep
cans surrounded by ice water there
should be little trouble in keeping it
sweet two Or three days. A friend of
mine who made Il cooler and. aerated
his milk. and informs me that he has
kept milk sweet for forty-eight hours
|. without using ice. Sixty degrees is far
better. If one can secure cool spring
water. let the milk or cream stand in
that. and have some ice also in the
water if possible In connection with
this subject too much emphasis cannot
he laid on the necessity for having
| dairy utensils clean and properly
washed. Milk pans should first he
riils"d in cool water, then thoroughly
scaldcd, and then again rinsed in cool
water and wiped dry. If hot water
is used first it will cause some Of the
milky substance to adhere to the sides
and joints and the trouble will begin
right there. No treatment Of the milk
or cream can prevent souring IL this
matter Of cleaning utensils is not at
tended to. Even infinitely small por-
| tons Of sour milk or cream allowed
| to remain contain enough bacteria to
sour the new contents in very short
time. though the conditions for their
rapid multiplication are made less IA
vorablc by cooling.
The Soil Saver.
Whether the farmer sow wheat or
wild oats. whether he build up rcr uta-
ton or barns, lie does all by accumllat-
ing the little things. Everything comes
by Titles, and the most successful farm
or is the man who hccds, studies and
saves
Tho object Of the farmer ought to he
not only to enrich soil, but also TO keep
his soil-to weigh it down SO that it
will not blow away. For example. here
is Il corniield stripped bare in the fall.
If SHOWS come and stay the soil must
:%in;lin; it cannot get away, but we
have often open winters in snow re-
gions where the surface freezes and
thaws, and the wind blows away for
weeks at time.
Does the farmer realize how much
soil he loses in Il winter from fields
piowcu the season before and left '.dcs.
rlatc' all winter! If the fields are on
the wiinlward side OF grass land or
other fields, pastures, for cxailplc.
then he does not lose this fertility that
Is transferred by the wind, il the
fields adjoining belong TO him. but even
Il, thiS ca tl,,, q, .,,,.f..,