davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1894-03-29
Industrial History.

Homer mentions iron and ironworkers, BE
speaks of or describes axes. shipwrights
tools. plowshares, and chariot axes, as made
of iron.
Leather working was practiced in Egypt at
least 900 years ago. There are manuscripts
of that age written on an excellent article OF
leather.
The needlemakers' society was formed at
Nuremburg in 1870. The eyes of the needles
were made by looping the wire at the head Of
the needle
Abutchers' union was incorporated by Nervs
and splendid marble abattoirs were con-
structed. Nero built meat market as large
as the Coliseum.
Cotton and cotton-weaving were introduced
into Europe by Alexander the Great, who sent
Persia and India.
During the reign of Augustus there were
329 public bakers in Rome. The societies OF
millers and bakers were Incorporated by Ira
jan about A. D. los.
Boots, which reached almost to the knee,
were made in Athens in the time of Socrates.
One Simon was the fashionable shoe and boot
maker OF that day.
The barber's art in Europe dates from the
time of Alexander the Great. B. C. $50. He
ordered every soldier to shave. lest the beard
should give handle to their enemies.
Bakers are especially mentioned in an edid
of the Emperor Henry v, published in tho
year I'LL, as persons deserving special CON.
sideration from both state and citizens.
A ladies' shoemaker established himself In
business in Rome during the first century. He
sold twenty-five different styles of shoes for
ladies, in red, scarlet, purple, yellow, and
white.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29
KOSSUTH LAID TO REST.
Turin Presents a Remarkable Appearance
At the Funeral Of the Hero.

Turin Presents a Remarkable Appearance
At the Funeral Of the Hero.
TURIN, Italy, March 2s.-The funeral ser
vices over the remains of Louis Kussuth were
held this morning at the Evangelical church,
beginning at 9 O'Clock.
The city was crowded with sightseers and
the streets presented most remarkable ap-
pearance, owing to the immense number of
Hungarians in full national costume who
were to be seen on all sides.
The banner in the funeral procession which
attracted the most attention was that of the
Italian legion which fought for Hungary dur
ing the Hungarian revolution of 1s4S.
Standing picturesquely around the cata-
fafque was a guard OF honor of Hungarian
students in Hungarian costume. This guard
OF honor will accompany the remains to
Budapesth, in company with representatives
OF the municipality of that city.
Owing to the fact that the church could
not hold one-tenth OF the Hungarians assem-
bled in the city. much less the representatives
OF the many foreign nations who desired to
do honor to the memory of Kossuth, only the
chief Representatives OF the Hungarian delega-
tions and the leading representatives o. for
eign nations were able to obtain admittance.
Near the catafalque were the deceased's s
sons, his sister and his nephews.
placed upon the funeral car, drawn by four
horses, and the funeral procession moved
slowly toward the railroad station.
The cortege was headed by detachment OF
mounted municipal guards, followed by the
municipal band, playing funeral marches: the
mayor of Turin and the deputy mayor of
Budapesth and Deputy Rohonczy, represent
ing the Hungarian diet. Then came the pail
bearers, and after them followed the funeral
car.
Behind the coffin were the sons and other
relatives Of the great Hungarian. and next
came deputations from Hungarian societies.
from countless Italian societies and from the
Garibaldian associations. These were fol-
lowed by the representatives of innumerable
Masonic lodges. and behind them were the
main body OF the Hungarians and other peo-
pie who took part in the procession. In all
there were twenty banners. draped with
crepe, carried by the delegations which took
part.
On reaching the railroad station the coffin
was placed in the nortuary. and after the
mayor of Turin had delivered most sympa-
thetic Grafton he formally handed over the
remains to Gen. Turr Markus, who received
them with a graceful speech on behalf of
the municipality of BUdapesth.
The ceremonies were terminated with
few speeches delivered by men of minor rank
The train bearing the Hungarian delegation
left Turin for Budapesth at o'clock
this afternoon. and the special train bearing
the remains OF Kossuth back to his native land
started at 9 p. N. Both trains are ex-
pected to reach Budapesth early tomorrow
morning.
The municipal authorities of Turin have de-
cided as mark of respect 10 the Hungarian,
to have a tablet. bearing suitable inscrip-
ton, set in the front wall ofthe house in which
kossuth died.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29
How TO Furnish For
Summer Comfort

1t is not always the best economy TO go to
the small stores for bargains. Some of the
largest stores furnish the best of bargains.
They can Afford to. They buy in large guam
titles, and once in a while there is piece of
furniture left over which goes for a song.
Beside carrying so much stock, they carry all
kinds OF goods to suit all grades of buyers.
Since there are more OF US who are classed as
the people than any other class, they calcu-
late to sell to rs. In reality it is just we our
selves whom they expect to make the biggest
profits from.
In self defense we are justified when we
want the best we can get with our money, in
running around q little to see where we can
trade to the best advantage There is one
thing to bear in mind, when You have found
good place. where everything is Just as it is
represented to be. that is good place to stick
to in future shoppings.
There are some kinds OF furniture which
seem particularly nice for summer use. such
as pretty willow rocking chairs, a bamboo
couch, a willow tea-taole and willow baby
wagon la sgrr
Pretty willow rockers from 81. 0up to S5can
be had at various places, aud bamboo couch
for IS. The bamboo is very nice and cool for
a summer resting place, and will be Just as
nice next winter when you put a light mat
tress on it and cover it with creton, for the
sitting room. arr
Those who have TO do their own housekeep-
ing should avoid bare floors, for they need so
much cleaning to keep them looking nicely.
especially as such good mattings can be had
for what you would have to pay if you hired
the floor cleaned once a week.
Mattings can be had from 10 cents a yard
laid up to 25 cents that are IN neat. cheap and
pretty patterns. If several rooms are to be
covered piece of 43 or 45 yards is the cheap
est to buy, and whole pieces can be had from
$3.50 to SO that would sweeten and lightit
up a little house beautifully. Mating is like
new-mown hay-it smells so sweet and always
looks nice. and with care will last almost as
well as an ingram carpet In the winter n
can be covered with several medium-sized
rugs. and the expense OF a whole carpet
avoided.
l never tel anybody to get the best of every
thing. How can those who have from Sc to
$40 a week? 1t is wise however, to get
the best your money will buy, and do the best
you know how to make good selection. II
one had a big income and spent it all on what
they consider the best. there would still be
,somebody who could get better bargain
The Washington times., 1894-03-29
The Peoples Forum.
To the Editor of THE TINES:

To the Editor Of THE TINES:
The proposition to extend the time Of the
debt about to mature from the Pacific rail-
ways to the government will soon engage the
attention of both Houses of the Congress and
it is one of more than ordinary importance to
the general public. The debt was incurred
by the roads at the time when they were built.
Congress passed a law in July, 1862,
which provided that the Secretary of the
Treasury should issue to the roads thirty
years six per cent. bonds under regulations
which required the road to be built and in
operation as the bonds were issued. The COM
panies gave the government a mortgage upon
their roads, rolling stock and equipments,
and obligated themselves to keep the same in
good repair. They sold the bonds for cash
to build the roads.
By law passed in July, 1864, the roads
were authorized to sell first mortgage bonds
to an amount equal to their mortgage indebt-
ednsss to the government, and the first mort
gage bonds had precedence over the mort
gage Indebtedness to the government and
made to mature at the same time. In 1878
another law was passed by Congress,
which required the roads to deposit q certain
per cent. of their earnings with the Secretary
OF the treasury as s'nkins iuno 10 Dc
applied to the payment Of the first
mortgage bonds. By the law of 1862
all of the amount earned by the roads from
the government for carrying mails, trans
porting troops or otherwise was to be cred
tied by the government upon the mortgage
Indebtedness. BY the law of 1864 the govern
ment agreed to pay for one-half Of such serv-
ices and credit one-half on the mortgage
Indebtedness. By the law of 1873, commonly
called the Thurman act the provisions Of the
law of 1862 were in that respect revived. and
since then all they have earned from govern
ment service has been credited upon the
mortgage Indebtedness.
Secretary Carlisle in his annual report for
1893 gives a careful statement OF the condi-
tion of this debt. The gross amount OF gov
ernment bonds issued to the roads and their
date of maturity is as follows.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29

even Of that kind. What we want to find out
is. what we can best do with our little
One thing would avoid; that is, buying at
secondhand very largely. True. one some
times picks up certain things that look like
great bargain, but since one does not know
but what that some sickness or contagious
disease brought the fine bedroom set to the
auction house, 1t is best to let the fine set go,
and be content with a cheaper one. fresh from
, the dealers.
Kitchen stoves and utensils can be cleaned,
but these last in tin, or ironstone ware, or
blue and white porcelain lined, 1 should pre-
fer. You can make a few vessels OF that kind
do, and buy them one at a time until the
absolute need is supplied. Some very nice
little family dinners are cooked in little
kitchens with not one-half the kitchen fixings
set down as "must haves in the fashionable
cooking schools. coffee pot of either OF the
above wares can be had for from 40 to 75
cents, or higher for larger sizes, and they
look neat and nice enough for any plain,
home table.
With coffee-pot and tea-kettle, saucepan
and frying-pan of blue ware or gray iron
stone, very good meal can be- prepared.
They are durable and so easy to keep clean.
These can be had at any of the furnishing
houses in East Capitol or on Seventh street
northwest and at several places on F street
northwest.
house is much prettier and half furnished
that is papered throughout. There are
beautiful wall papers way up in price, but
Just as pretty ones cheap enough Tor any
bodys purse are also ON hand.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29
The Mystery of a Masked Model.
From the Cleveland Leader


A girl VINO is at present acting as nude
model for the Art Club life class and for the
Saturday night life class, composed of ten
Art Club members. is unknown to most of
those before whom she poses. Probably not
more than two of the members the one who
engaged her services and one other, know
who she is. She always comes to the classes
heavily yelled, and, when she poses, wears a
mask which covers the upper portion of her
face. The artist who engaged her reported
10 the classes that any effort on the part OF
the members to learn who she is would result
in the loss of her services. So great was her
desire not to be known that it was ever under
discussion to refuse access to the classes to
certain members who live near her The girl
is said to belong to we'll known east end
family, in Strengthened circumstances, and to
the support of whom her earnings go. She
is paid 50 an hour, and sits one hour on
Wednesdays and one hour on Saturday even
ings.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29

Ben: He II be fiat on his back aforetwo years
is out ~
And these were not the only ones who
looked for the same thing. The idea of a
mans coming in there with any such new
tangled notions was absurd. Their fathers
and their fathers fathers had worked on that
same ridge. and they wanted nothing better
than what their honored progenitors had had
beforcthem.
Autumn came, and after John Walton had
moved over the tweniy-acre field, getting
hardly hay enough to pay for the labor. he
set men at work digging deep trenches all
over it. He had two dug lengthwise, running
up and down the slope; and then he dug
quite a number running across these They
were quite deep and broad, and into them he
tumbled nearly all the stones that could be
found in the fields.
"A pooty expensive way OF gettin' rid O.
rocks, remarked Grummet.
"It's q better place for them than on the
surface, isn't it?' returned Walton, with a
smile.
'.Mebbe. But what on airth are We doin' it
for?''
"Why-I'm going to see if undertaking
won't improve the land"
'Underdraining. What's that?'
sit is simply drawing off the water from
the surface. This land is cold and wet; but
if l can get the water to drain off among these
IOckS, Tue sun may warm tne surface, and
give me good piece OF soil here.''
But it looked very foolish to Ben Grummet.
He believed that what was natur' OF the soil
couldn't be altered However, the young
man made his trenches, tumbled in the rocks,
filled in on top with the loan he had origi-
nally removed, and then left it to work for
itself awhile. A month later he plowed up
two acres OF it, and he could see that the soil
had already changed wonderfully. After this
was done he cut his way to the muck-swamp,
and went to hauling out that article, which
he deposited in various places, as he deemed
proper.
''Thats GURUS contrivance," said Sam
Bancroft
He and Ben Grummet had been et work for
Walton at hauling muck. He alluded to a
large vat back of the house, into which ran
spout from the sink. This vat was capable
of holding several carloads Of stuff and was
already half full.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29
BABY RUTH'S WASHSTAND.
1t is Very Pretty and Expensive, But Still
Not Hard to Make.
From the New York Recorder.l


Not Hard to Make.
[From the New York RecorderI
Baby Ruth, or Miss Ruth, as she should
now be called, has new present, which will
interest all those mothers who find that the
boys and girls do not like to keep their hands
clean, for it is none other than washstand.
This washstand is a very cunning one. and
quite expensive, too. 1t took two figures to
buy it, and the fittings took two more. but it
could be made more simple, for less money.
The washstand is square, and stands only
a foot and half high. just high enough for a
little girl to lean over it comfortably and wash
her hands; and the washbowl is sunk in de-
preston. so that it will not slip when little
hands are pressed hard into it. The soap dish
is likewise depressed. and the soap is in a
sort of cup, out of which it cannot slip. I'm
derneath is place for a pitcher TO rest, when
not in the bowl; and this pitcher is not very
large, just about right for two handwashings.
Baby or Miss Ruth's washstand was ordered
for her some time ago, and maybe she has not
received it yet, for it had to be completed.
The material of the washstand itself is hard
wood, and is very heavy, but the bowl aud
pitcher are of the light Japanese material
which is so much used for fancy ornaments.
The stand is oak and the japanese set is pink
and blue. The soap is of a certain scented
kind, and little linen towels go with the
washstand. When sent home il will no doubt
stand in a corner of Miss Ruths boudoir and
will be for ornament for awhile at least.
To reproduce a washstand of this kind
there could be little shelf bracketed upon
the wall. at the right height and shelf
underneath for the pitcher when at rest.
With the depressions made. and the board
painted nice color, and the China set in
harmony. no one could saw that the little
homemade, improvised washstand does not
fulfill in requirement, at least, everything that
is expected OF the more elegant one owned
by the Presidents baby.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29
Some Hints About
Made-Over Dresses.

The careful mother of family now brings
out her trunk and inspects the Summer
clothes left over from last season, and those
that can be made to do duty with little al.
tering are separated from those which can.
not.
In family where there are several little
girls, each one growing out of last years
dresses, the older child's can readily be al
tered by a trick or two as to length to make
it fit the child two years younger, or two
such little gowns, if not too much worn, can
be ripped apart and combined in one.
If it Is two little gingham dresses to be
altered. and one is either plain color or
smaller check than the other one, a good way
to combine them is to make a baby waist OF
the plain color and put the plaid gingham
onto a wide waistband and to tie it up on the
shoulders with strings OF the plain goods
attached to the waistband. The shoulder
knots should be fastened by a safety pin con-
cealed under the bows. A sash of the plain
goods will look nicely tied around the waist,
with bow and ends at the back.
A gingham of the house mothers which
has fallen behind the style as to sleeves can
be made to do excellent duty as a make-over
for the 12-year- daughter, and then mamma
can get material for the new gown for herself
dt u lltlle more cost tGan the new One OtueT-
wise necessary for the child.
good way to make mothers dress over
for little Mary is to make a plated yoke of
dark blue gingham and attach the full skirt of
gingham to this. The sleeves may also be
made Of the solid color, and a bias Dand of
the plain stitched above wide hem at the
bottom. This little maids dress can be worn
loose or tied round the waist with sash of
plain blue gingham.
In case of making over mothers gown, as
described. with the plain color, four yards of
the new. plain goods would cost 90 cents, and
this trifiing outlay would give it all the fresh
ness IN appearance of a new garment.
Since last Summer so many changes have
been introduced that almost eyeryones last
years gowns need new sleeves or a rear
rangement of the skirt
A dotted Swiss with high coat sleeves can
be altered very easily by making new pulled
sleeves Of plain Swiss muslin and joining the
puffs with bands of inserting. Below the ell
bow make a close long cuff ofwoven embroid-
cry.
last years Spring suit can be nicely re-
jnvenated by putting in vest front of novelty
silk, with crush collar OF the same goods
II it was originally n long coat basque. cut off
the skirt to five inches below the waist line
and put fan of the novelty silk in the open
ing at the back.
double skirt effect can be had by making
flounce three inches wide of the novelty
silk and putting it round the bottom Of the
skirt. three inches above the facing. catch
ing it up on the left side. and fasteninc II
with circular knot of the silk. The &C 4
retrimming suit would be S1.50 for tlIo
yards of novelty silk; that is If the maa,
Of these alterations did the work herself.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29

Why, he tells me he's cleared over a thousand
dollars this year on his stock"
At this moment Mr.. Walton came in. He
had grown older and was somewhat stouter
than when he first settled upon the ridge
and became a farmer and his neighbors had
ceased to question his capacity and had come
to honor and respect him.
1--WE ives ies' talkin' about you, Mr.. WAL
ton" said Sawyer.
''Ahl'' returned John. as he took seat by
the fire. Il hope you found nothing bad to
say Of me-"
''Not bit of it. We was talkin' about the
wonderful improvements you've made on the
old place and of the money you make"
"And do you think it wonderful?"
"But amt it?'
''Well," replied Walton. "I don't know
about that, but I'll tell you what do know,
know there is no class of people in the
world who may study the arts and sciences to
better advantage than farmers; and yet, am
sorry to say, there is no class, occupying the
same social position, who read and study
less. Farming is ascience-one of the mos
deep and intricate-and he must be man oil
more than ordinary capacity who can master
it all. have but just begun TO learn what
may be learned in farming. In short, there
is no branch of industry in the world which
may not be followed to better advantage
without good education. But farmers must
not be afraid of books. They won't. if they
are wise, follow every advice which expert.
mentalists give, but they may study and
reason and experiment for themselves. 81
have done, and SO mean to do.
Hes right" remarked Ben Grummet,
after Walton had gone "What fools we was
that We didn't go into that grating opera
tion!'
sand that underdrainin'," added Bancroft.
"And that muck and compost arrange
ment." suggested Sawyer.
"Well, y said Ben, with a serious face, ''it
isn't too late now. They say it's never too
late to learn; and I'm sure it hadn't ought to
be too late to commence to improve after Q
body has learned"
I'm goin' into it," said Eben Sawyer.
$50 am L.
"And New York Ledger.
The Washington times., 1894-03-29

That's compost vat." explained Walton.
who had overheard the remark. "All the
slopS from the house-the sOapsuds and such
stuff-which most people wasted. l save by
this means and turn it to good account: and
instead OF throwing away refuse matter put
1t in here and let it rot and ferment and make
manure"
"But what's this charcoal dust for?''
''It answers two purposes. though by only
one Office. 1t takes up the ammonia and other
volatile matter, thus holding them for fertiliz-
ing agents. and at the same time prevents the
disagreeable eff1uvia which would otherwise
arise from such fermenting mass"
THAT all sounds very pooty,' remarked
Ben. after Walton had lett them; 'but let me
jes tell you it don't pay! He'd better let
sich fandangles alone if he ever expects to
make livln' at farmin'.''
Before the ground froze up Walton threw
out most of the muck back of his tie-up,
which had become well saturated, and filed
the trench up anew.
The old settlers upon the ridge had set out
great many apple trees and made great
deal of cider, but the fruit was mostly wild
and OF an inferior quality. When Spring
came Walton went to some of his neighbors
and asked them to go in with him and send
for some good scions to engraft upon their
apple trees. He explained to them just the
plan he had formed for his own orchard. He
nau engaged competent man TO come anu
do the work Of grating, and while they were
about it it would be cheaper to get gratis
enough for the whole neighborhood.
'How much will it cost you?" asked Saw
yer.
'sWhy." returned Walton, ''I'm going into
mine pretty thoroughly. My orchard is a
very large one, as yours is, and, like yours,
the trees are mostly thrifty and vigorous,
or could be made so, but with very poor
fruit. I mean to make q thorough thing OF
it, and shall probably expend a hundred dol
lars this Spring."
what! A hundred dollars! In your Or
chard?"
"Yes."
"JewhitaI er an broomsticks! When git
money TO pi With I'll try it,
1t was of 40 use. The old orchards were
Just such as their fathers had, and they were
good enough. So Walton went at it alone.
he had all his trees all pruned and dressed,