The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-12-02
VOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

Inc INTRODUCTION OF tic fauNel HEOttss lnbV
the Wyoming mining districts, by W. z. Meade
Of Cheyenne, has recently been announced.
This process, according TO an interesting de-
]scription by MIR. Sanford OF the Royal Mint,
London. employs heat, air. and water to oNidi8s
the refractory elements and libcrate the gold,
without the use Of either chemicals or electricity.
by tho time the orc has reached the bottom VI
the tower Il is completely swceteued and IL
ready for further treatment, this generally ton-
sisting III wet amalgametion. and, us water mus
play an important part in that process, the idea
suggested II self that the cumbersome system OF
trucks and roaling floors might I've %advanth,,
geOusly replaced Ivy a running stream OF cola
water. Acting ON this. Fauvci made numerous ex-
perimcnts on the effects OF qucnchtnv the mean
bcing very successful. Each glowing particle,
as 1t falls into the water, causes an. instan-
taneous generation OF steam, accompanied by a
miniature explosion report; ut the same mo.
ment, anv glaze OF film which may have formed
on the PARTICLES Is ruptured, and they are broken
dow to a remarkably fine state and rendered
very brittle. ThrS, exceedingly fne Crushlng,is
greatly increased. The ore is reduced so infinitely
IA tu make the retention OF gold impossible, and
the film of oxide, 80 apt to coat the grains, Is re-
moved. the gold being rendered clean and shin-
ing. specially adapted to a~malgamstion.
From some unknown source the following
unique method OF photosraphing designs on It's
sues is reported The tissues are first plunged
in n bath OF primuline, to which common salt
has been added: they arc then washed, and af-
tcrward immersed for a quarter OF a minute in
a bath containing OPS per cent. Of nitrate OF
soda. strongly calculated by nitric or hydro
chloric acid. After another washing, and while
the tissue is still moist. or after 1t has been dried
in the dark, the Photographic negative plates TO
be reproduced are applied above. and the whole
exposed to the light, on a clear day ana IN
]suiiicing. but on a dull day thirty minutes being
required. After the lapse of the necessary
time-a small piece Of tissue exposed being used
AS a test Of the printinE-the tissue is plunged
into the developing bath; II not, 1t Is. placed in
the dark. the de;yelopment being carried out as
t d,@S coior pf Is 'dseVeP!"%pcdP in in'i this mathod at Tie
ton Of the light. while it is not developed else
where, and interesting work is the result.
Wood pulp pipes. now coming into vogue for
special uses, are manufactured by a very simple
process. The pulp. says the Scientific American,
is agitated with water and rolled upon a tube.
and, after being thus wound to a sufficient
thickness around the tube and the extra
amount of water drained away. IL is placed on
end and the interior mould Il withdrawn. leav-
ing the wood pulp tube. which, is held on suit
able supports and dried until the water -
evaporated. The further process consists in
dipping II into u very hot solution of asphal;um
and other materials. which penetrate tho
who'll. substance; the ends are then squared
up and the threads cut. or taper finish
Is made ia the usual manner Of wrOught-iron
pipe. This material, when finished, possesses
high electrical resistance. rendering it suitable
fOr underground cOnduits for electric wires. and,
as a. nou-coLductor. it is free from being I'M
paired by clrctro!ytic action from earth return
currents. which have become such a serious fac
tor in impalrlng the water and gas pipes IN
cities where the street tram cars are rrOpellcd
by electric motors using earth return currents:
its resistance tn acids and alkaiiCs fits IT. for use
in chemical works. and h~ n non-absorbcnt or
water it il free from any difficulties due to cX-
ptnsion aud contraction: The bursting strength
Of .hc tuOc f. said to 10 from 30 tn $50 pounds
per square inch. according to the size.
The difficulties attending the production OF
chlorine, and the impcSsibility of
1t in the gaseous state, remarks q writer in
En0TlSdy', have combined to render chloride Of
lime in this country and chloride of soda in
France the only forms in which this indispensa-
Bile bleaching agent can be put upon the market;
and. In view ~ the fact thut chloride OF lime at
its best does not contain more than t,hirty-ciSht
per cent. of available chlorine, the advantage TO
be obtained in the matter OF freight. 10y trans
porting pure liquid chl3rtne instcnd OF bleaching
powder Is apparent. The actual manufacture Of
liquid chlorine is now carried on by Il firm ot
aka ] makers a. Salindrc-. the process. as stated
by NJ. Fribourg. being =, follows: The condenS-
ing pump is provided with. a piston OF sui
piiuric acid. a. being the best packing for
withstanding the attack OF the chlorine. and. to
render such a pi,ton effective, n pump - used in
the form " u I-shaped tube OF cast iron. lined
with lead: the limb OF this tube, which Is to re-
ceive the chlorine. is partly filled with strong
petroieum oil. and Is provided with an ordinary
piston. The up-stroke OF the piston raises the
petroleum, lowers the sulphur; acid. and AZ
lows the ChlorlGe to ho~ INTO III" vacuum thus
leadeni:l valve: the down-stroEe congresses
the chlorine through another pip" into the re-
friserltcd receiver, rcIntry into the regeuerator
being prevented by the valve. The receivers in
which the !iquid = transported are wrought iron
ms pounds. and capable OF containing one
hundredweight OF liquid chlorine.
The ingenious Walrand- Legenisel process for
sic castings is explained in detail in a paper
recently read before the Iron and Steel Institute,
London. The process consists simply in adding
TO the metal in the converter at the end Of tho
ordinary blow u definite quantity of melted
rerro-silicon, then making the nfter-blow. turn
ing down when the extra silicon has been
burned out. and adding the ordinary final
amount OF ferru-maHgaEese, &c., as required by
circumstances The advantages claimed forthiS
proct = are. first. that an ordinary Bessemer pig
iron can bc USED with two TO three per cent. sill
con, thus insurins a steel perfectly free from
carlson; secondly, the cnmbu ,tlun ~ the added
silicon produces such "A large amount ~ heat at
the right time. and 50 rapidly, that the metal
becomes very huid; third, ~ the silicon hurns TO
a solid, II leaves the metal entirely Tree from gas,
the steel being Therefore sound, aud win 10 ns
already free from oxide ~ iron. the, :erroiman-
Gauesr ar other substance added, snch as
Aluminium, is more effective, ana remains IN the
final steel.
A Denver, Col. inventor has constructed .
new gold saving device for accomplishing with
currents Of air and motion what water and
motion will DO in a pan or slu!ce. The machine
is described as a box, suspended at any desired
angle in a frame. having u rapid side motion or
shake. and at the upper end OF the box Is a hop
per. over which a screen l. placed uf any desired
mesh, and having an outlet or spout. all art
heiUg thrown or deposited upOn this screen;
from the hopper beneath. the dirt is Dropped or
fed uppn a rapidly revolving spiked wheel which
pulveriZes and disiLtegTatcs tho dirt. ana, IN
front ~ this wheel, j. a stationary breaker
through and against which the dirt IS thrown
or driven. which. then, passes across an AR
chamber attached "a the bottom OF the box.
Over this air chamber l. a fire screen. q which
a number 81 rifles are attached ana ar IS
driven into lie air chamber from "a blower he
meath. The air. passing thus through the mo
screen under the rifles and coming IN contact
with the dirt. combined with the rapid side mo-
tiOu, not only carries the dirt over the rifles,
hut causes the gold 10 be siitsd 70 the bottom
and retained IN the RIFLES.
A method Of testing the amount OF moisture In
steam has been discussed By tie Institution of
Ensiacers ami sLipbuIders, scotland. The
principle in this case, more particularly APP
plicaL!e u marine CT gigcs, consists in comlar-
Ing the ~saltness Of tie steam with that of tho