New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-14

Of society might influence also those traue ,d a.
which II has become the custom LOT ever s JOd
m" -, oor,.in work done at short stated perious
In tho vear The cooperation OF employers cou'.
do much toward remedying these eVns' a,i
steady determination on their par. w. the
tho work as much possible throuehout, ~.
Gov would do much toward breaking DOW"
customs which cause so much unnecessary "
regularity.
ejaculation also has a bad effect on the pros
nertv of labor; and depression which u'i'
iriures worknen may be caused by fear OF u'-
reasonable action their part ana p' SUM"
which are not founded on Justice
The permanently unemployed. 70 a ia' e''''e'
degree than the others. owe their msio' 'ui'e ~
their own fault. It is true that there Is III many
places. an apparent superfuity OF laoor ou' '
&c found among the least skilled worhi''e" ""' '
the most part the sufferers are those "'iose P''
steal or moral infrmities render them i"O"P'o'e
of doing even this low grade WORK Sa'isi"0.
There is certainly work enough in the world for
every man if he is fitted for It, The prooe'h Is 10
g, him for it and help him to find it. To MI
Drace II appears that the question OF re'ne"s -
o tbreofoId one: THE assistance of the tenn
norarilv unemployed: the disposal OF the per
manent surplus. and the prevention Of its IN
crease. and finally. the Improvement OF 'he III
dustr,al organization so TO prevent the exist
a
impor,ant of the remedies dealing with temporary
,,aore,,,,v 10 that found in relief works, either
nublic or private started in eXceptionai c''cu''-
s.orcos Public works however much as the
fact may be disguised, are in their essence so-
o,o1stic Their danger is that they foster the
Ao,or that il IS the duty of the State to PROVIDE
or,, for every man. and this is next door to the
ho,;ef that the state owes every man living
.hotbor bo will work or not. The experience OF
Dor,s in 1SAS is a memorable lesson Widespread
distress followed the revolution in that year.
a.orea was passed stating that The Provincial
Government of the French Republic undertakes
n ruarantee the existence Of the workmen by
work 1t undertakes to guarantee Work lof every
citizen" Work begun. All went wei UNI"
G 900 men were enrolled. No more couid DE en-
ploved. and cash payment OF three-iour'hS "ie
workmen's wages were made to new applca''S
in lieu OF distributions Of bread In a moh'h ''e
number claiming relief mounted to l4ooo anu 'i'e
number set at work reached 1000 Nithh '"o
months more S7.9i2 names were enfoiieu' INV
whole machinery of relief was plainly peyo"u
control new Minister of Public WORKS at
,orn,ad the reduction of the force. Young I'M
married. mon We're invited 10 join the army,
ord others were ordered away to new places
where they could be advantageously uSeu Inc
o-,os y, all who refused to obey stricken
| rror, ,ba lists The remainder were to be paid
-, tho n,oca instead of by time. This meant
work for those who had been living upon 'he
nublic and was not a welcome innovation. Inc
attempt to carry out the regulations precip'a'ed
the instruction Of June %. which cost many
uves Since then the French Republic mas beeh
| chary of guaranteeing work. England on 'he
other hand, has a story OF successful reiei WORK
| TO tell The American civil war caused i'uc"
| distress in the Lancashire cotton mills. ~ pe-
| came so acute in 1862 that 100000 was placed
at the disposal of the officials OF the Keller WORKS
| 1t was expended in improving the sanitary con-
dtion OF the manufacturing districts-a WORK OF
| itself quite as important as the provision Of en-
| n,ovment The men were volunteers who sought
to escape private charity and did not include 'he
| incapable They were taught the use Of tools
| and led to work as though upon an ordinary en-
terprse The result was entirely satisfactory.
II was estimated that the prevention Of pauper-
ism in the district amounted to at least three
fold the number employed on the works Con-
corning similar enterprises in general Mr.. Drage
says:
| II NAV be doubted whether such relief works
offer any adequate remedy under ordinary cir
cumstances for temporary want OF employment
| Special relief works started by municipalities
have a tendency not only 10 attract the desu-
| tute classes to those spots. but even 10 ara"
the pauper and sc!ni-pauper classes from the
| Continent" because general expectation Is
| raised that employment will be provided by the
| governing bodies. Although the creation OF artl-
! fetal work for the worthy unemployed might be
| free from objections. the honest lndusrlous
! poor are so intermingled with the shftless and
! incapable that II IL impossible for governing
body providing relief on large scale to separate
them. The schemes Of relief which are suited
| 10 the former only do harm 10 the latter. EX-
! has shown IL
| escape from the difficulties inherent In any sys-
| TEN Of municipal relief works unless given IN
| times of very exceptional distress. II Is. how
| ever. difficult to why objection should be
| made to schemes OF relief works carried out with
| due care as part Of a national scheme by private
! agencies.
The most important non-socialstic agency Tor
the relief Of temporary idleness Is the trade union
| It's usefulness Is. of course. to its own member
ship Among these it attempts to present tenn
| porary unemployment from becoming permanent
! by pavment of "out of work benefit" and helping
men to get places. 1t likewise seeks TO
bring about greater regularity in trade, and, by
| limiting overtime. to spread the benefits OF work
more widely The Labor Bureaus also do good
work in helping men TO find employment and the
want columns of the newspapers are useful az a
! means Of communication between employer and
employe.
To deal with the permanent supernuity many
| schemes have been tried. First. there Is frank
! charity under Poor Law administration. Then
there is the Labor Colony, which has been extern
! sivey tried in Germany, France and Holland,
and proved refuge for ncapables at cost not
much less than that Of workhouse support. but
under favorable conditions with much better re-
suits. The colonies reclaim some and remove
others from the stock of the unemployed Cutting
the labor market. Thel liability OF these refugees
to become homes for discharged convicts initiates
somewhat against their usefulness. and too often
it has been found that one who has been an in
mate of colony is not a welcome applicant for
outside work. To the genuine unemployed work.