The record-union., 1894-07-20
FARM AND ORCHARD.
An Experienced Fruit-GrOwer
Tells About Spraying.
Beet culture-Hog Feeding-Fattening
Beef-HaIf Potatoes for seed-Lime
as Timber Preservative-Wrap-
ping, Sizing and Printing.

being discussed very generally at meet
ings OF fruit-growers, and there is grow
ing demand for information concerning
its benefits Hon. A. n. Stearns, of kala-
lnazoo, Mich, one of the most prominent
and successful fruit-growers of the lake
shore trees, owes his success to system
attic spraying, which he has practiced for
years, and in an interview with repre-
sentative of the Chicago Inter- Ocean he
gives his experience and practice as fol-
lows:
II am an advocate of spraying fruit
trees to destroy injurious insects, and L
am fully satisfied that this is all impart-
ant to grow good, perfect fruit success
fully. I have practieed spraying for
about fifteen years. and spray apples,
pears. plums, cherries, ounces, grapes.
gooseberries and currants. l expect to
spray the strawberries next season to
prevent the more troublesome rust on
the leaf, the result of which is many i'm
perfect berries.
Il spray plumS, pears. ounces, cher
ries and grapes the first time before they
leaf out with solution called Bordeaux
mixture. This is to prevent leaf blight,
Scab on the fruit and rot OF plum and
grape. These are all fungus diseases,
which it has been found the above solu-
tion will prevent. Will here say that
this one thing (which was first adopted at
the experimental stations) is worth more
10 the country than all the experimental
stations in it have cost. l dug out one
row of fifty plum trees years ago on ac-
count of leaf blight, intending to follow
it up until had taken out the whole or
chard of 500 trees just in their prime.
Il - Of 2 hr
applications of the Bordeaux mlN ttlre TO
prevent this was published in the bulle-
tins of our experimental stations. Since
using it 1 have had no further trouble.
''Ehe second spraying is done just as
the blossoms have dropped. l emphasize
time, as / do not intend to wait one. two
or three weeks, for in fighting insects
the one most important thing Is TO get
there" first, as il is nearly all preventive.
TO this second spraying l add to the
Bordeaux mixture Paris green at the
rate OF one pound to 200 gallons OF the
solution. This is to destroy the work OF
the codling moth on apples, pears and
ounces and the curculio on plums and
cherries. At this time, fruit OF the apple
and pear stand straight up, the calyx
forming a little basin, in which the
spray lodges and lies. This is where the
moth deposits its egg, and as it matches.
the slightest amount OF poison destroys
it before eating into the fruit.
''As this is understood, the grower may
know how often he should spray after
ward. Tt should be done as often as
likely 10 be washed off by heavy rains
before the fruit turns down. Usually
from two to four times will do.
1.-The original formula for the Bordeaux
mixture, believe, was six pounds of sui
phate of copper, six pounds OF stone lime
TO twenty-five gallons of water. But [
have found the following to be of suffi-
cient strength for all special purposes
four pounds of sulphate of copper and
four pounds of stone lime TO forty
gallons of water, prepared as follows:
Slack the lime in sufficient water so it
will strain readily through some coarse
MATERIAL use sacking. Material free
from lint should be used TO prevent its
getting into the nozzle of the pump. The
sulphate of copper should be placed in
the strainer and suspended in water
enough to cover it. Ii it is SO placed it
will dissolve in very short time. when,
if put into pail or barrel and water
poured over, it might not dissolve Iii a
week. Put the strained lime and dis
solved copper in a large cask. / use an
oil barrel. Add water until you have
about forty gallons. Keep well stirred
while using. In adding paris green. it
should be dissolved in small dish with
q little water, as it will much more readily
mix when turned into the solution.
1.-THE above preparation is equally
effective TO destroy the currant worm,
both en- currants and trawberries, also
the potato bug. But what l said in the
beginning about being prompt is equally
important in this case. Ii it is done
thoroughly when the currant worms
first appear in the bottom of the bush
they may be so effectually destroyed that
there will be no further trouble that sea-
son. This is just as the leaf is nearly full
grown or just as the currant begins to
blossom. II the first crop of worms is
not entirely destroyed there will be a
second crop just about as the fruit is
ready to ripen, at which time hellebore
should be used In place of paris green,
tablespoonful to an ordinary pail OF
water.
There are several kinds of pumps for
Supplying the solution. The best is the
one making the finest spray, as it takes
less of the liquid to wet every part of the
tree. The pump should be thoroughly
rlnsed after using by detaehing the sue
ton pipe from the bowl and placing il in
pail of clean water and pumping the
same through"
POINTS OF BEEF ANIMAL.
An experienced feeder gives the fol-
lowing description of the animals he
selects to fatten:
''The nose should be broad that the
mouth may close upon goodly quantity
of grass at each bite and thus save the
time of the animal, for even in the work
OF eating time is money. Quickly filled,
the steer is most of the time resting
quietly, converting his food into tender,
juicy flesh. The head should be short
and broad, giving an ample breadth be-
tween the eyes. Long, deer-like faces be-
long TO the ne'er do well. The head
Aob b.,ll A.,
be spirited. The horn should be fine and
short, and the eye should be bright and
full. The neck should be short and fine;
3 thick, clumsy neck may be good enough
for 3 hog, but it is out of place in a
steer. The brisket should come down
deep and full, and there should be
great width between the fore legs
lungs. Back of the shoulders the
body should be full, the ribs springing
well out and the back be broad straight
and smooth, with no sinking between the
chine and rump. The hips should be
straight and the fianks well filled and
come down low. The hide should be soft
and velvety; if thick and covered with
good coat of hair. so much the better, as
&c will help to keep the animal heat and
withstand the cold weather. The thigh
should be full and the hind legs straight.
All the legs should be short and the steer
stand squareiy on them; and a broad
loin and rump and fine tail and you
have steer which will take on fat read
ily, ana in short time become a source
OF pleasure and profit to his owner.
''In selecting sires for improving a
beef herd these same points should be OBJ
served, for as like produces like a Judi
cious selection of the sire viii give just
the animal that feeders and butchers are
constantly looking for and finding so
difficult to secure"
HOG FEEDING.
ono knows all there is tn know in