Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1894-02-22
FARM AND GARDEN.
BugabOO of 0yerprOductiOn of
Fruit in the Northwest.
HOW TO START AN APIARY.
The Proper Time to Prepare Your
self for the Coming Season
by Deep Study.

Prepare yourself for the coming season
by reading up on everything pertaining
to your business. If YOU are raising
some special crop, get all the pointers"
on that special subject; then CLEAN out
that which is suited to your conditions.
Use your own brain as well as those OF
others. Study thoroughly the condition
OF your soil to ascertain whether it is
suited to the crop you expect to raise.
The next thing is the market. Are you
situated in such position that it can be
marketed proftably? There are score
of things of this sort which must he
taken into consideration before making
a start on anything, and winter is the
proper season for this portion of work OF
the producer.
oyERPRoDUCTIoN OF FRUIT.
We hear considerable talk about over
production OF fruit here in Oregon and
Washington. Surely there is no reason
to fear any such calamity, even after the
present acreage is doubled and then
trebled. The same fears were expressed
when California started to raise oranges
and fruit by the trainload, and to-Gay
California fruits may be found in some
form all over the United States. Cheap
freights and improved methods of han
ding will stimulate the business; but to
get cheap freights we must have large
quantities TO ship. Plant more prunes,
more apples and more cherries. The
evaporation and cannery will work up the
surplus that cannot be sold in a green
state. The Worlds Fair has opened the
eyes OF the millions regarding Oregon
fruits. A want has been created, and
the next thing to do is to satisfy the
want.
TO MAKE THE DAIRY PAY.
A correspondent OF Hoards Dairyman
writes: Weed out the COWS you now
have by the use of the scales and milk
test. Be sure to use both, and reject
those that will not pay profit. If you
, buy COWS, buy the best you can, select
ing by the same means. Get a pure
blood sire of one OF the best milk-pro-
ducing breeds, who has for ancestors the
best OF milk producers. Raise the heifer
calves from your best cows-those, il
possible, that have mothers and grand
mothers that are good milk producers.
The longer the line of good ancestry the
more certain will you he of raising good
heiters. Bring up your calves right. Feed
and care for them SO as to produce rapid
growth and development. but do not feed
foods that will make them fat. That
will produce beef tendency, which will
be apt to cling TO them through life and
greatly injure their dairy qualities. AT
, two years OF aye they should commence
giving mllk-the business OF their lives.
HOW TO START AN APGARY.
This will depend largely upon your
resources. II you are able, you will be
tempted to start in too heavily, and this
is where you will make mistake. In
, one year you will have gained the expe-
, rience you needed, but with probably a
loss OF good portion OF your stock,
which Is liable to disgust You with the
whole business, and you will he tempted
: to give it up. Don't do it. You have
passed through the chrysalis stage OF
= your development, and you are now on
= the fair road to success. The proper
; way to begin will he to purchase crate
OF hve hives in flat; what is known as
; the dove-tai hive is probably preferable
to any other. Next one or two swarms
OF bees. These YOU can usually buy al
home; II not. send TO your nearest dealer
II you buy at home and get the black
, bees, you Will need Il tested Italian
queen. You will want besides this a
,, smoker, bee veil and A. |. Roots A b c
ot Bee Culture or some other work OF its
sort. You get in this in very cheaI
form the experience OF others, which
,, you will find very valuable to YOU. This
outfit, figuring on one swarm OF bees,
will cost you about $l7.35. With this
outfit you can easily find out whether
you have an aptitude for the business OF
not.
ITEMS OF INTEREST.
} Plowing for next seasons crops during
; winter not Unl aids in the destruction
OF insects, but puts land in good condi.
, tion for culture.
One OF the most important points in
agricultural operations is thoIoughness
OF culture. This applies not only to
corn and other grain crops, but also to
small fruits, young orchards, etc.
No man was ever poorer farmer be-
cause he possessed liberal education.
, II you want to make your boy really
good farmer, better il possible than his
,, iather, do not stint his schooling.
Land which is too rough for grain
crops can either be seeded with grass
and thus furnish pasture for sheep, OF
can be planted to timber or fruit trees.
Very little land need lay absolutely idle.
; Ii you have only limited amount to
invest and are about buying sheep, il
Will be lar better to buy few good ones
r than many cuIls. 1t is the quality OF
your ttotk more than the size upon which
! your profit will depend.
Selecting and planting the best farm
seeds will increase the quality of grains
and grasses just rs selecting good breed
; ing stock improves the farm herd; and
We all know what splendid results have
been accomplished in that line.
Other business men are cutting off all
needless expenses, and it is advisable
; that farmers do the same thing. Make
> al the tools you can yourself and save
bills in that direction. DO your own re.
pairing and get rid OF Improbable stock.
A thoroughly docile animal, no matter
what 1t is, is more easily managed than
, one that is wild and fnrtious, and il is
also more profitable. Tor it will prove A
, better grower ON the same amount of
food and better producer than the
fractions one.
+, Sheep often cannot be kept in large
r tiocks and limited quarters without
breeding disease. BE sure that your
r room is proportionate to your numbers.
| Foul air aud dainpness are deadly ene-
mics OF sheep, and these are adjuncts to
overcrowding.
I.cug Horned serpent.
Professor \. l.. Bubach. an attach,.