davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Turncr to succcca nrcrrnlI.

RICHMOND, Feb 3-A special eec
ton was held in the Seventh conge.
sional district Tuesday to elect a suc.
cessor to Colonel O'Ferrall in the hous
of representatives. Returns receys
so far Indicate IA very light vote sA
Turner the Democratic candidate, has
been elected by Il good majority owe.
Root Republican.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
A Big Coal Mining Compauv.

TOPEKA, Feb. 3-A million dollar
corporation has filed its charter with
the secretary of state. The Missouri
Kansas Coal and Mining company IL
the name of the new corporation, and
its place of business is i'll Kansas CITY.
Kan. The purpose of the organization
is To buy and operate coal lands, and
fell the products of such coal mines.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03

church and Mr. chlds business Office
This was very impractical. The truth
10 that Mr.. Chlds' charities We're so
numerous and embraced so wide "A
range that they touched the extreni-
ties.
George William Childs WAS born in
Baltimore in 1929. The practical part
of his makeup was born with him.
When he WAS - years of age he spent
summer vacation rs errand boy in Il
bookstore at ~ salary of 50 a week and
enjoyed it, Soon after he removed to
Philadelphia and entered store
doubtless as u mixture of clerk and
errand boy. He made success AS u
clerk until he was of age. He then
went into business with Mr. Peterson
under the firm name of II. f. Peterson
d Co. The firm made success.
He purchased The Public Ledger in
1864 for $3.50, 600, raised the price from
| to . cents n copy and soon made it not
only the leading newspaper of the town,
but one of the most profitable III Amer
ica. 1t was in 1868 that Mr.. Childs'
first prediction for philanthropy
showed itself to such Il marked degree
Hs to attract wide attention. In that
year he gave To the Philadelphia Typo
graphical union cemetery at Wood
lands
Mr.. Childs' private sanctum in the
Philadelphia Ledger Office was at once
u reception room and gathering place
for curios and objects of art from every
part of the globe. General Grants pie
ture hangs above Mr. Childs' desk. and
the tall Dutch clock presented by Mrs.
Grant marks the passing hours
1t was through his instrumentality
that the home for union printers was
established in Colorado 1t WAS started
by what was known as the Childs-
Drexel fund. each of those gentlemen
contributing several thousand dollars
rs u memorial to Mrs. Drexel Mr..
Childs himself furnished the parors.
The friendship between Mr.. Childs and
A. j. DreXel. the banker, was some
thing more than common. They were
far more like brothers. When Mr.
Drexel died abroad and his body was
sent home Mr. Childs received it with
tears and went with il To Philadelphia.
OF Mr.. Childs' more practical Amer
lean charities, even those which are
known are too numerous to catalogue.
but doubtless the unknown charities
surpassed those which were manifest.
de gave away II fortune every year.
One who once saw a private record of
his charities has said that. though the
period covered was only one month.
the total amount given was $2s. 600.
Mr.. Childs' residence is of course in
keeping with so splendid all Office. The
library is particularly rich in rare
books, original letters and manuscripts.
His country home, "Wooton." is all
that could be desired
In 1855 there was movement made
to bring Mr.. Childs' name forward for
the presidency, bnt ne peremptorily de-
cEned to permit his friends to do So
Other less important offices have been
often suggested for him, but he always
seemed to prefer to manage The Public
Ledger.
One Of Mr.. Childs' hobbies was the
cultivation of distinguished people, but
while he aspired to be intimate with
those in power he took equah pride in
the friendship of those whose fame
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Shot Through Tie Head.

MADISON, Ind, Feb. 3.--Frank Stew
ems was murdered here in u disreputa-
BILE house. He had been drinking and
got into an alteration with Samuel
Medlicott and others, and during the
fracas Stevens was shot through the
head and died instantly. All the par
ties at the houss at the time are under
arrest, awaiting the coroner's inquest.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
A Civil Enyinccr Mi.sinr.

DENVER, Feb. 3.-A. b. Smith. civil
engineer for the Lincoln Land com
pany of Lincoln. Neb., left his house
Saturday ana nothing has been seen or
heard of him since. He left the house
without either money or overcoat
and his wife thought he had simply
gone for walk Foul play is feared
The police are at work on the case.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
What You Want

For wounds, burns, pfu" o,
scalds, collie, dysent ry, cr'Dt r..
bolts, 6stula, footevil, barb W.
cuts, is ,rrc
DIR TICaENOR'S ANTlsEfi"'
Stops pain, heals woand' CT
FOR MAN OR BEAol. III
Sold and guaranteed O'
druggists.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
ke1Orm In the Navy.

WASHINGTON. Feb 3.-The joint com
mittee appointed to investigate the per.
sonal of the navy have begun works and
expects to inaugurate reforms H
which the promotion from ranks VIII
become possible and do away with Hs
ditional seniority of rank in promotions
and base advancement on merit alone
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Father of Thirty-Ninc Children.

HENDERSON, Ky, Feb 3 On til
farm of a. $. Mum, near this ctr,
lives a negro named Ned Campbell,
who is 40 years. and the father Of ~
children. The 18th addition to Ned,
family and happiness was born Jan q,
and tipped the beam at II -2pounds
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Announced as InsoIvcnt.

SPRINGFIELD His. Feb 3 -The aud
itor of public accounts announced the
Temple Building and Loan association
OF Chicago, as in an insolvent condition.
1t is a small concern. Its methods of
doing business are condemned by the
auditor
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Terrible Fatality From Diphtheria

EMERY CHURCH, Ia, Feb. 3Fom
children of the johnson family. aged
from to IA, We're buried here las!
week, having died of diphtheria. Two
others We're buried day or two previ
Gus. The disease is epidemic here AMI
there is almost a panic.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Found Dying In His Barn.

CARTHAGE, Mo-, Feb. 3.-James -. ~.
neken. an old citizen of Sarcoxle' w. Vs.
found in room i'll his barn III an ~
conscious condition and died "l'n. T..
regaining consciousness. leaving
cause of death shrouded IN 1hy'''''
He was Ga years old.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03

DUBLIN. Fen, "a mail car and
four travellers We're attacked near
Waterword. The robbers were re-
pulsed. One was captured but the re-
mainder succeeded in rescning him.
No arrests.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Eye Scratched out by Am Owl.

JACKSON, Mo, Feb. 3.-John Reider.
living near Dutchton. this county. was
attacked by an owl the other night in
the woods and the bird scratched one
of his eyes out and badly injured the
other
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Trarkwalkcr KiIlrd.

LANCASTER. Pa. Feb. 3.--W. Hur-
Ter, aged 90. u track walker of the Penn
sylvania railroad, was struck and killed
by u train.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. Feb. i. Fruit
growers III TINS section report that the
blizzard of last week has killed almost
all the fruit, although few apples may
be saved.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Fire Damp Explosion.

FAYETrE CITY, Pa, Feb. 3.-An ex.
plosion of fire damp occurred in the
mines of the Fayette Coal company in
which five men We're badly burned
about the head. face and hands.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03

Ed. Clark, at 1928 Austin avenue,
keeps the finest meats the market
affords, fresh fish and oysters, and
pure hogs lard. Call and leave
MIN your order. Goods delivered
anywhere in the city, Phone 81.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Illinois Growing Impatient.

WASHINGTON. Feb. 3. Ex-R Represent.
alive Ben I Gable of Rock Island. Ills
has come to Washington again to see il
1t is not possible to get some offices for
Illinois Democrats
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Appointed Fish Warden,

SPRINGFIELD. His. Feb. 3. Governor
Altgeld appointed William NJ Wilker-
son of Gilead state fish warden for Cal
houn county, Illinois
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
A KANSAS rostomce Robbed.

SALINA, Kan, Feb 3.-The post
once at Assaria, this county, WAS bur.
.e4arlzed and $500 in cash and stamps
stolen, There is no clew to the roo,
bers.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03

PARIS. Feb 3 A dispatch from Col.
Dodd says ex-King Behanzin surren-
dered to the French at Ajegi. near
Ahoney, where he was placed under
arrest.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03
Montrncgros and Albanians Fight.

CtTTiNJE. Montenegro, Feb. 5.-A
border fight between Montenegros and
Albanlans resulted in two of the latter
being KILLED.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1894-02-03

Drought VIII tt no hUDstHHtIHI lHIIW-
ence.
Mr.. Childs was one OF the foremost
citizens Of Philadelphia and was hon
ored and respected by all people. no
matter of what nationality.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12

villas and summer homes in Ameri
ca. The fishing here is fine and i
the Mexico boys would try deep SCI
fishing for blue fish once or twice
they could hen tell fish stories
which would make Capt. Fros'
leone off the perch
Walter Williams, of the Columbia
Heard and President of the Nation.
al Editorial Association, has a mos
valuable collection of newspapers.
He secured from the American
Consuls copies of the papers pub.
lished in all the foreign countries
and has them bound in volumes.
This collection contains papers from
n~inety-six countries and they are
printed in fifty-four different Ian
guages-a most interesting and
valuable collection.
Forepaugh's circus was here this
week and appears to be as popular
in the East as in the West. Nothing
can out-draw a circus-even hard
times do not affect them. No mat
ter how close money matters get the
people will find money to go to cir
cuses and to buy buggies and other
things from peddlers. Some of us
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12

Atlantic Coast, so miles from New
York, and IS miles from Philadel.
phia. Nature has selected this charm
ing spot as the most suitable for all
that is desirable in a Sea Side Re-
sort. The climate is delightful
during the entire year; the cooling,
refreshing summer breezes are de.
cidedly in%vigorating and healthful.
There are positively no swamps or
mosquitoes 1.-THE soil is sandy gravel,
and the country round aboutis cover
ed with natures health giving
pines. The Ocean front is unsur-
passed.
The broad walk for promenaders
is without an equal in the world
and extends the entire length of the
city front. 1t is at all times the
centre Of attraction for travellers
from every section of the country.
Asbury Park has broad avenues
lined with beautiful buildings, is
supplied with the finest of sweet,
pure, wholesome, drinking water,
drawn from a number of Artesian
wells from 500 to 1900 feet deep.
The drainage and sewerage of the
city is perfect.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
DRIVEN TO DESPERATION.
Will Not Even Work Their laws
Until This Thing il
Settled.

A deplorable state of affairs exist
right here in our midst and there is
no telling what the outcome will be.
The "Do-Nothing Club" is about to
strike and if our information is re.
liable there is no telling where ii
will end, nor when the members
will go to work. Chief John w.
Atchison has about concluded to
call Oft his men, the order to take
effect at once, and to this end he
has decided, after mature delibera-
ton, to have a conference tonight
with his executive committee, com.
posed of Joe Coons, Jim Browning,
Jno. ). Jones, Dave Moore and
John Field, who heartily favor the
move. Chief Atchison says bis
men are working too hard and he
thinks their grievance justifies the
desperate move he is about to take.
He says they don't propose to stop
any trains, as he don't think they
could muster up energy enough to
stop a hand car. The Chief says
the meeting is to be held at II
O'Clock tonight at Jim B%rowning's
chicken roost and he will be there
promptly. He is not over particular
whether the other members come
if there are not enough chickens to
go round.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
~LADDONIA ITEMS.

Correspondence of the Ledger.
LADDoNIA, Mo-, July 10.-Lad'
donia did its best on the Fourth.
Notwithstanding the rainy day the
crowd was large and equal to any
previous celebration and everyone
enjoyed the day. There vas a grand
march in the morning by the Sum
day Schools and speaking by Elders
Campbell, Wright, Bibb and Bovee.
In the evening Hon. Pat Cullen ad.
dressed the crowd. The trades pro-
cession took place about 2 O'Clock
and was one Of the leading features.
1t was led by the band. The follow
ing displays were excellent and
would have compared favorably
with the best:
Miss Ida Spencer, millinery;
Ahlfeldt Bros, hardware; Quisen-
berry, meat shop; A. l.. Bruton,
books and stationery; H. Mory,
house mover; Wilcox Bros. ,millers !;
J. d. Laporte, hardware; Pate
Young, livery stable; Wilder &
Pearson, general store; J. Adams &
Son, grocery; Coil, photographer,
and the Laddonia Herald office
printing as it passed along. Mrs.
Wilkins, dressmaker, had a very
pretty float prepared, but owing to
a misunderstanding about a team it
was not brought out. There should
have been at least % more floats in
the procession. People were here
from Perry, Wellsville, Vandalia,
Martinsburg and all the surrounding
country.
Mr.. and Mrs. Z. r. Locke and
Misses Eva and Margaret Crawford,
who r visiting the former, spent
Saturday and Sunday in Mexico.
Miss Hattie Harmon is visiting at
Judge Wilder's.
Bill Brelsford has bought an in
terest in a livery stable at Perry and
will take his stock there to-day.
The people are feeling serious over
the strike and many of the older
ones liken the times to those of the
late war.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
THE FOURTH WE'LL SPENT.
The National Editors Make Il Visit
10 a Famous battle Ground
In New Jersey-Asbnry
Park Described.

Editorial Correspondence of the Ledger.
AsBuRY PARK, n. J.,July 1884.
The National holiday was spent by
the Editorial Association in a most
appropriate manner. During the
day, as guests of the Sons of the
Revolution, we visited the principal
battle grounds in New Jersey. We
visited the battle ground of Mon.
mouth; saw the old home OF Mollie
Pitcher who, you will remember
took her husbands place at the can
non when be fell dead. We saw
much of interest and wish Col.
Fleet, H. P. Warden, J. D.. Orear
and other Sons of the Revolution
could have been along. The fire.
works last night were grand and
only such as Asbury Park furnishes.
This little resort is a wonder. We
have visited many, but found none
so perfect.
Asbury Park is situated on the
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
IlATTON ITEMS,

Correspondence of the Ledger.
rATToN, Mo-, July 9.-The
farmers are busy putting up theil
hay and report a very light crop.
Thos. Godsil sold sc barrels O.
corn to J. W. Bailey at 1926 pei
barrel. !"
D. G. Imam is erecting a hand
some residence on his farm 2 miles
southeast of Hatton.
Eugene Stephens, of st. Louis,
passed through Hatton last Saturday
on his way to Stephens Store, where
he will spend the summer.
Mr.. Chas. Mosley and wife, OF
Mokane, who have been visiting
Mr.. w. C.. Harrison and family,
have returned home.
Miss Eva Thomas, of Auxyasse
is visiting Mrs. T. B. Hassler this
week.
Mrs. f. p. Northern is on the sick
list.
Geo. Leeper sold three young
mules to R. R. Buckner at 1916 pei
head.
Born, to T. E. Hulett and wife or
July 7th, a daughter.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
WORCESTER ITEMS.

Correspondence of the Ledger.
WORCESTER, July I0.-Earmers are
nearly through harvesting oats.
The new store is completed and ths
merchants have moved in. They vii
handle both dry goods and groceries
Miss Cordia Azdell, of Mexico, i:
visiting relatives here.
Walter Berry, of Mexico, made Wor
cester u short visit Sunday.
Harry Price, who recently gradual
ed at Quincy Business College, is home
on a visit. Harry is n of our mos
promising young men and We predic
for him a bright future.
Tom kunkel has q bran new buggy
and we think we can report a wedding
some of these days.
Miss Emma Biincoe and Ida Lot
left this week for q visit in Illinois
and we suppose Mark and Tom viii
be lonesome for q while.
DIR. John Evy, of Mexico, and Mis-
Lulu Fitzpatrick were married tn,
9th inst, by Squire Baker. Well, We
wont repeat the Sguire's ceremon,
this time, but it was u daisy.
The death of Uncle Jim Carter las
week has cast a gloom over the entir'
community. He was sick only abou
SO hours. Death coming so unexpect
eddy, 1t was quite q shock to his man,
friends a. well as his family.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
WORCES1 Err ITEMS.
Correspondence of the Ledger

Correspondence OF the Ledger.
WORCESTER, Mo, July 9.-Willie
Atkinson is home from Sedalia.
where he attended school the pas1
year.
J. W. Azdel, who has beer
dangerously sick, is greatly improv.
ed.
Walter Newman and family have
gone to Illinois to reside.
Miss Jennie Ribble, of Lampassas,
Tex, is visiting in this vicinity.
Carl Fitzpatrick has gone to
Wellsville to be a race horse rider.
Pete Erdel found a balloon on Joe
Stephens farm last Saturday evening
at 4 O'Clock which was sent up al
Mexico at 2 O'Clock. The distance
travelled was about II miles.
Valentine Erdei, ST., is reported
dangerously i'll.
Miss Rosa Dudgeon and MIR. Eel.
LaRue were married at Wesley
Chapel last Wednesday night by
Rev. Oaks, of Mexico.
Farmers are busy cutting their hay
and oats.
G. G. Baker visited Mexico lodge
A. +. and A. NJ. last week.
Boys of Wesley Chapel have or.
gained a base ball club and will
o be ready TO play match games.
The Chapel boys once had a good
team and we e no reason why we
can't have one now.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
X MERRY-MAkERS.
The Camping Club viii Leave Fri
day for Their Annual Outing.

Thursday all the baggage and
paraphernalia of the Mexico Camp
ing Club will be started en- route for
Jennings Camping Grounds, where
the campers will make their head
quarters this year. All arrange
ments are finished and every out
look for a gay and frolicsome time
is hourishing.
The campers will follow a day
after their pillows and beds, starting
Friday. They will be in camp one
week, returning July Goth. Each
young gentleman who is a member
of the club, is allowed to invite one
young lady. These young ladies,
who have been honored by invita-
tons, are requested to meet at Mrs.
J, M. PolIard's home Friday morn
ing at 5 O'Clock. All primping
must be done away with on this &C.
casion and the young ladies must
be on time, for the procession starts
at exactly that time, and if some are
not there they will miss the band
wagon.
Mrs. ]. Coatsworth and Mrs.J. NJ.
Pollard will accompany the expedi'
dition as chaperones. The members
of the Camping Club are Messrs. B.
F. Dobyns, R. NJ. White, c. D.
Rodgers, B. w. Torreyson, F. R.
Sanford, C. A. Buckner, F. REESE,
E. H. Carter, r. A. Ramsay, c.
Glendy, T. }. Turner, A. Boeckler,
of st. Louis, Ned Rodes, Aylette
Whitney, Gus Pasqueth, Frank
Spence, Geo. Morris, Geo. Pearson,
A. B. Smith, Elon bearing, Roy
M~acfarlane and Msi. Fl. A. Ricketts,.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
Henry Winkler p Just compkssd

Henry Winkler hss- just completed
a new barn. Mig HiburgerG did the
work.
and about Rush Hill Spent the Fourth
of July at Laddonfa., It::was j pleas.
antaffair in the afterpd$@.
There is tally of RAsh Hill organic.
ing a brass band and we trust it will
not be all talk.
There is a move on foot now to have
q railroad CROSSING on Main street in
our town and we think it will be open
in a short time.
The.eitizens of Rush Hill witnessed
the sight of three train loads of sold.
ier5 and artillery pass through here
of the 9th. This was the first sight
of the kind q great many of our people
ever witnessed.
Mr.. Lee LaRue left Monday for AL.
ton, ILL.,, on business.
Mr.. Henry Meyer was in town Sun
day and was looking after the inter
est of his farm and is well pleased
with the crops.
DIR. Adams, of Mexico, made oul
town a pleasant call last week.
What our town needs is a good pub.
lie we'll and more hitch racks.
Don't forget Rev. Granfield's APP
pointment on Friday evening, July
Goth, at 7.30 p. m.
s. w. Buckley, of Mexico, was in
our town Monday on business.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
THE RACKET
Has JUST RECEIVED

Three hundred of the Seaside Libra
ry, zoe and pc sizes that they will
sell for 4 cts.
Ten dozen "Acme," three-tine Hay
Forks, 4 I-2 and ) foot handles, % cts.
Ten dozen Boys Knee Pants, price,
% cents and 50 cents.
Twenty dozen Boys Waists, price,
Ace, 25c, 35c and +5c.
Twenty dozen Wash Hose, guaran.
tsed fast black, price, 10 cents. The
best goods we ever saw for the money
Pin Tin cups, price, 2 cents.
One hundred and five Ladies' Wrap
pers, prices, SIS, 80, Sl.1O and sI.32.
We are in it for bargains.
Come and see us.
Ffve-eent bottle Ink for 5 cents.
one hundred and f~orty-eight FalcoT
Pens. price, 8 cents per doc.
The Racket.
]. ". PLAff, No. ie Washington Street
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
- Gros NEWS.


Correspondence Of the LEDGER.
WARRINGTON DISTRICT, July To-
Harvesting is the order of the day.
Wheat and oats will average half a
crop, while grass is tolerably fair.
To say our corn is fine is putting it
mildly. Mr.. d. A. Mckee, we believe
enjoys the distinction of having the
finest i'm these parts. If reports are
true q few steps into this forest of corn
would at MONDAY fill one with the
illusion of midnight to say nothing of
the twinkling stars and the voice OF
the nightingale.
Mrs. George Ward, who has been
sick for some time, is convalescing.
Miss Ella Mckee is also better.
! Miss Bessie and Rubie Woods have
returned from a visit In Mexico.
Miss jamie Barnes, of Rising sun, is
visiting her brother, Mr.. Noble Barnes
and family.
Mr.. James Ward, one of our enter
prising bachelors. has purchased a
| binder.
There seems to be a great many
snakes i'm this vicinity. On one farm
] they have presented themselves in
the house, cellar, yard and garden,
besides q large number having been
plowed up.
Miss Dixie Ball, of Mexico, has been
employed 10 teach our winter school.
This young lady comes with good rec
concentrations and will no doubt give
| satisfaction.
We all enjoyed the picnic. The
music was superb, although many
were disappointed because the Mexico
band did not grace this occasion with
our home talent.
There has been some talk that we
would have a ~protracted meeting al
our school house this fall. We truly
hope this will not fall through with rs
we have had but one meeting of this
kind in the history of our community
and but n ermon in n year. This
was preached OH the 18th of June by
Elder Taylor, of Mexico. Our econ
modations are not the best, u we
might call TO mind some very fine
sermons delivered from houso-tops,
hill-tOps, ETC.. also that ''The groves
were Gods first temples
Mexico weekly ledger., 1894-07-12
SaZOdani.

This word, which has been staring
everybody in the face for the past
years, and is now getting into every
body's mouth, is q preparation tor
cleansing. Identifying and preserving
the teeth, sweetening the breath, and
arrsslng the progress of decay.