davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

one doubted that old women might
have commerce with the devil, and
by him be empowered to work i'll to
whomsoeyer they wished; none doubt
cd that witches should be condemned
to death or should be tortured to dis
cover whether they were really serv-
ants of the evil one. 1t only needed
some boy who wished to stay home
! from school to begin to spit pins to
| drive whole community to mad
ness; it only needed some unScrupu-
Ious person to have dislike against
another, and accuse such one Of
witchcraft, to insure the victims
death, more or less speedily. This
country has seen outbreaks of this
ignorant superstitions several times,
but the most famous took place at
Salem, Mass. 1t is a little over 200
years since the first arrests were made
there on the charge of witchcraft,
and, consequently, short account of
the craze will not be unintcresting.
The Bcwitchod Children.
Rev. Samuel Paris was minister
over the church at Salem In the year
1859. In several ways he had man.
aged to get part of the congrega.
tion against him and his influence
was fast becoming thing of the past.
1T was necessary, he felt, to cause a
diversion in his favor and in some
way regain the ground he had lost.
1t happened by chance in the winter
or l69l-'92 that number of children
used to come to Mr. Paris house to
play with his little ones and with his
Indian servant, Tituba. This maid,
in play apparently, used to instruct
the children in palmiStry and they
lccame quite skilled in the art. The
people did not understand what was
being done and rumors began to be
heard of traffic with the devil. These
became stronger when the parents of
the children called in the village |
who gave it as his opinion |
that the children were bewitched. |
Feeling spread like fame and an oc,
currence in the village church soon
famed the blaze. This was nothing
less than the interruption of sermon
and prayers. "There is a yellow bird |
sitting on the minister's hat" cried |
one child. "Stand up and name your
text, p" shouted another to the minis.
ter. Come enough of that" broke
in third, as Mr. Paris hesitated in
MS prayer.
Mr.. Paris took advantage of the
popular uneasiness to divert feeling
rom himself, and summoned min
sters from the neighboring towns to
| conference at his house. They de-
'ided that the children were un.
Lewitched and must be
examined as to the author of the
,pell. The children accused Tituba,
'arah Good and Sarah Osburn. The
.wo latter we're old, bed ridden
women, nevertheless they were ar.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

Tituba and the other two women
followed, persons of much greater
Importance In the community. Next
came Martha Corey and Rebecca
Nurse. The former had said that
she did not believe the children were
bewitched; the latter was one of the
most devout and spotless women Of
Salem. They were both accused,
and, with the rest, thrown into Jail.
The two latter, with six Others, were
hanged Sept. 8. Before her execu-
ton Mrs. Nurse was solemnly excom-
municated and cut off from the
church. AS the eight bodies swung
from the tree where they were left
to hang, Rev. Mr.. Noyes pointed to
them as he passed some distance be-
low, saying to his followers: "What a
sad thing it is to see eight tlrebrands
Of hell hanging there"
Giles Coreys Terrible Fate.
1t would be too long to particular
lie every case, but it may be said
that, during this excitement, in Sa-
lem alone nineteen persons suffered
1eath-six mon, one clergyman, and
thirteen women. OF all these deaths
probably the most horrible was that
Of Giles Corey. He was an old man
50 years of age, who had been af
rected by the popular madness, and
his accusations had had influence in
convicting his wife. Seeing what
had been done he confessed he had
been msled, upon which he was in
turn accused of witchcraft. Thrice
was he brought into court, but he re-
fused to open his mouth. He was
then taken to spot on the high
road, picture of which is here given
as it now appears, and pressed to
death. He was stripped of his clothes,
laid upon board and another was
placed on top of him. The magis-
trates then put heavy weights and
stones on his body until life was eX-
tinct. He prayed them, it is said, to
put on as heavy ones as possible and
shorten his agony.
An End of the Craze.
But the end was near and what
Hnally turned the tide was the accu-
sation of Mrs. Hale, wife of a minis
ter at Beverly. In October charges
we're brought against her, but she
was so unanimously regarded as a
good woman and the people were so
heartily sick of Rev. Mr.. Paris and
the bewitched children that a reac-
ton was only natural. In January,
1893, three more persons were tried
in court and condemned, but no exc
cutions took place, and they, with
those in Jail, $50 people in all, were
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

indispensable to ef1icaciousness. This
is why my invention is OF great SER
vice, or, at least, will prove itself OF
great service in the protection OF
cruisers, line of battle ships, etc, for,
among other advantages, it can render
them proof against hammers, as well
ns against such accidents as hefell tho
German war ships on the coral reefs
around Samoa. If it be increased in
thickness to the ncedful dimensions 1T
will take the place of steel armor on
men-of.war. For the force of elasticity
which it would then develop would be
enormous. 1t would not split or break
as steel plates often DO. Now hemp,
when pressed automatically, loses its
inhammable properties and becomes
freproof; and as it is likewise n very
bad conductor Of heat it Is admirably
adapted to keep the interior of the
ship cool in summer and warm in
winter.
''Then, again, lifeboats constructed
of this stuff are, by reason of its
toughncss and elasticity, absolutely
indestructible, and the dangers during
the launching in stormy weather and
from striking against n rock are, If
my material be employed, wholly re-
moved. Even straw, when treated ac-
cording to my method, can be used to
great advantage for numerous pur-
poses for which at present more costly
and less serviceable materials are om-
uloyed-for the construction of light,
transportable barracks, for example,
tents, verandas, etc. | am now carry
ing out an order received from tho
Board of Hungarian State Railways
for the supply of 100 square metres of
such isolating screens made OF straw,
for the protection of wino in railway
vans, etc. | can assure you that il
passenger carriages were constructed
with my material (hydraulically
pressed hemp, fastened, Instead OF
wood, to the iron frame, no accidents
attended with loss OF life would be
possible"
Herr Scarnes believes that the little
"Mannheim tailor" as he scornfully
calls his German rival, has appropri-
ated his invention, though this does
not harmonize with Doves statement
that he discovered his composition ac-
cidentally while experimenting with a
totally different object in view.
Herr Dove is native OF Westphalia
and is thirtyfour years of age. When
six years old he was employed rs IL
shepherds boy, but afterward learned
the trade of tnilor. He was SO poor
when he made his discovery that he
had to borrow the revolver with which
his first experiments were made. But
the days OF his poverty would now
seem to be over, for it is reported
that Berlin syndicate has purchased
his invention for u big sum. New
York Herald.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18
The Changeable Flower of China,

The botanical oddity OF the Flowery
Kingdom is the towering tree, known
to the scientists as the Hibiscus mu-
tabilis. Its beautiful flowers, gener-
ally double, are pure snow in the
morning, bright pink at noon and of
deep, blood red ut sunset, fadin:
into skyblue by bedtime. The
leaves of this particular tree somewhat
resemble those of the grapevine, being
deeply notched, or serrated, rough
and of variable lengths. The tree is
not only native of China and Japan,
but is found in great profusion in In
dia, Corea and Siam. The "Cham-
eleon flower" $50 called on account of
its changeable colors, because not yet
scientifically identified and named,
recently discovered in the Isthmus OF
Tehauntepec, is only an American
variety of Hibiscus mutabilis. In case
of the former, the colors do not pass
abruptly from one shade to another, but
change gradually from the soft white
of the morning to the pink and red Of
noon and evening, and thence to the
blue of night.
The Tehauntepec tree is larger than
its Chinese relative of similar habits,
and the flowers have the pecularity OF
only giving forth perfume when they
are red.
Several other species of Chinese
shrubs and trees bear flowers which
change color daily, chief of which is
the Oriental hydrangea, which changes
from bright green to deep pink
st. Louis Republic.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

freed the following May. The ex-
element died natural death; a
,urfeit followed the repletion Of
Slaughter.
Rev. Mr.. Paris was tried by the
church in April to find out what con-
nection he had with the craze. He
could make no satisfactory defense
and was dismissed from the pastor
ate. He wandered about, preaching
wherever people would listen to him,
and finally died at Sudbury in 1920.
With his death the curtain falls upon
this the strangest and most tragic
chapter in American history and one
which no man can read without a
feeling of devout thankfulness that
his lot is cast not in an age of vio-
lence and superstition, but in one of
luietness and peace.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

The Introduction Of anmstbotic.
marked great era in the progress Of
surgery. Before the effects Of cbloro.
form and ether were kaown if was
the great object of the SURGEON 70
operate rapidly, so as to keen tbo ro
tient in pain as little time MS uossi,lo
No time was wasted in dcliberat;or
and the knife and saw were used with.
out stopping to check the now o,
blood. But that has all been chauocl
Now the patient breathes in the yapor
of an angsthetic fora few minutes.nn,
sinking into a deep sleep, lies mo.
tionless, unconscious body, upon which
the operator can work carefully and
deliberately. He knows that he !.
causing no pain, and can take all the
time necessary to make the caraful
explorations and carry out the numer
Gus precautions which are now know
be necessary to secure the best re
suits.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

Columbia College, New York City,
is now in the 10th year of its exist
ence. 1t has an endowment of $1O,-
600, 900, and spends annually about
$500, 900 for educational purposes. 1t
has 225 professors, instructors and tu-
tors. Over sixteen hundred students
from all parts of the United s .ates and
from many foreign countries. attend
the lectures and recitations in lis va
rious courses.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

The new opera hause at Guanaiuato
will be opened September ID. 1t hns
been in course of construction twenty
years and when completed will have
cost SS50,000. The theatre will be
one of the finest in the world, and it
is stated that with the exception of the
Auditorium in Chicago and the Abbey
Theatre in New York there are none
that will surpass it in elegance. Mex
ican mechanics only have been en-
ployed in its construction, with the
exception Of the electric light appara-
tus. The opera house is owned by the
state.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

There is nothing more incompre-
hensibIe to man nowadays than the
belief in witch:raft and demoniac
POSSESS on which, during preceding
ages, was rellgiously held by the ma
iority of people. Prosecutions for
religions sake one can understand;
one can appreciate the process of rea-
son which makes them possible, but
that any intelligent human being
could have ever believed in witch
craft and have tortured unfortunate
victims as witches, is almost incon-
ccivablc And yet the fact remains
that until very recent period no
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

The New York Tribune says: "The
good influence of the Columbian Exhi-
bition is seen in the increased interest
taken by the people of the United
States in showing their industries to
the outside world. Hitherto We have
rarely done ourselves justice at worlds
fairs, but the good effect of the exam
pie Of Europe in Chicago last year is
shown at the great Belgium Exhibition
which has just opened at Ant.
worp. An American corporation hns
erected on the most choice site of the
grounds an edifce second only TO the
chief exhibition buildings. American
manufacturers have set up display fac
tories, and the principal industries of
the country have adequate rcprcsen-
tation. With the exception Of the
Belgians themselves no people will APP
pear to better advantage than those Of
the United States"
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

rested. and examined by the magis.
trates March ], 1852. Tituba con
fesSed that she was a witch and told
of midnight rides on broomsticks and
various other things Of the same sort
The other women denied the charge,
but as the children screamed when
ever brought into their presence,
Their assertions were not believed.
Death of Several Victims.
a special court was now appointed
by the Governor of Massachusetts
Sir William Phipps, to try these
witchcraft cases and it opened in
June, 1862. A law of James |.
against witchcraft was revived-a
law which had become obsolete-and
under this statute these judicial
murders were done.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.

The spots on the sun we're first OBJ
served in 1911.
In South America rain frequently
falls in torrents from clear sky.
The metals which have been proved
to exist in the sun are iron, sodium,
nickle, copper, zinc and marium.
A species of ape, closely resembling
the African gorilla, has been discov-
cred on the Mosquito coast, Nicar-
aqua.
One mile Of wire, such rs is used in
the manufacture of hair springs for
watches, would weigh less than half u
pound.
Artificial ice is now so made in
France that upon giving it a rap it
will separate into small cubes instead
of irregular Jumps.
The lines over which it is proposed
to lay submarine telegraph cables are
now as carefully surveyed as any line
of proposed railroad.
A doctor says in time the lungs of
Pittsburg folks get very dark hue,
on account of the sooty smoke they are
obliged to breath constantly.
A late theory OF catching cold is
that when one enters cold room after
being heated the bacteria in the room
flock to the warm body and enter it
through open pores of the skin.
An astronomer calculates that if the
diameter of the sun is daily diminished
by two feet, over 5000 years must
elapse ere the astronomical instru.
ments now in use could detect the
dimunition.
Since the beginning Of this century
no less than fifty-two volcanic islands
have risen out of the sea; nineteen
disappeared, being submerged; the
others remain, ald ten are now in
habited.
The colors of tie chameleon do not
change instantaneously, but require
considerable length of time. The
changs is provision of nature for the
protection of II helpless animal from
innumerable enemies.
The strongest animals in the world
are those that live on a vegetable diet.
The lion is ferocious rather than
strong. The bull, horse, reindeer,
elephant and antelope, all conspicuous
for strength, choose II vegetable diet.
1t has been estimated by competent
civil engineers that the Mississippi
River annually discharges 19, 500, ,000,.
600, 900 cubic feet of water into the
Gulf of Mexico. OF this prodigious
quantity the 1-2900th part is sediment.
Thus it will be seen that the Missis.
sippi annually deposits enough mud in
the gulf to cover square mile OF sur.
face to a depth of 24O feet.
A collection of bird bones recently
received by the Paris Academy ol
Science, indicates that at n period
contemporary with man Madagascar
contained at least twelve species of the
gigantic birds, all capable of flight.
The conditions under which the bones
were found indicate that the birds
lived on shores, with troops of small
hippopotami, crocodiles and turtles.
1t is remarkable fact in botany
that no species of flower ever embraces,
in the colors of its petals, the whole
range of the spectrum. Where there
are yellows and reds there are no
blues when blue and red occur there
are no yellows, and when we have
blues and yellows there are no reds.
Tulips come nearer to covering the
whole range of the spectrum than any
other species. They can be found
ranging through reds, yellows and pur.
Piles, but blue one has never been
found.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18
Where Railway Tariffs Are High.

The highest railway tariffs iu the
world, outside OF the Panama Rtil-
road, prevail on the Congo River Rlil-
way, in Africa. Its present length is
twenty-five miles, and it charges $40
for the one,way through trip, or forty
cents per mile, tirst-class. The rates
for sacond-class accommodation which
means standing up in freight cars, is
81, or four cents a mile, San Fran
cisco Chronicle.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

Miss Edna Dean Proctor, poetcss,
wants to be known as the apostle of
maize as the national flower She
considers Indian corn as being the
most distinctive American hroduct.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

1t is said that the Historical Society
OF Pennsylvania has the most complete
collection of American Colonial laws
in the United States. 1t was made by
Charlemagne Towers and includes the
laws of the Danish and British West
Jn1ias
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18
CHAPTER OFHORRORS
FIRST WITCHCRAFT ARREST IN
SALEM, MASS.

The Most Famous Outbreak of This ICnor-
ant Folly-A Tragic Time of Popular
Madness and Superstltion-Ih Terrible
Death of Giles COREY.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

Subscribers are requested to observe the date
following the name on the labels of their
papers. By referring to this they can tell at a
glance how they stand on the books in thia
Office. For instance:
Grover Cleveland 2SJunea5
means that Grover is paid up to June 2s, 1876
Keep the figures in advance of the present date.
Report promptly to this office when your paper
is not received. All arrearages must bo paid
when paper is discontinued or collection will
he made in the manner provided by law.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1894-06-18

TIIOS. A. BUCKLEY,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
OFFICE: MAIN STREET ABOVE CENTRE.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1894-05-01
Around Wlth the Icebergs.

PHILADELPHIA, PA, April 30.-After
q twenty-one day voyage OF unusual Sc
verify the Allan Line steamship Corean,
in charge of Captain Main, has arrived
at this port bearing marks OF long
battle with icebergs and ice foes, from
which the iron vessel barely escaped.
On April 18th, in latitude 43 deg. 80 IN.
north, long. As deg. a. m. west, an i'm
mense iceberg was encountered, and at
once an extra watch was set and keen
lookout kept. That the precaution was
wise, was demonstrated by the warn
ings given shortly after dark, which
saved the ship from collision with an.
other large iceberg. On April 10th, just
before daybreak the Corean ploughed
her way deep into huge ice field, where
she became fast bound. They were
then fifteen miles off Cape Race, and it
was found that the ice field extended 10
the coast and for miles on either side.
1t was impossible TO make the harbor Of
ST. Johns, y. +. During fonr days the
COrean was fast bound, hemmed 10 by
tall icebergs, that threatened to crush
the vessel, the cold was severe and the
crew suffered greatly. On April % the
Corean was within two miles of shore,
and Third Officer Pierson was sent TO
land TO communicate by cable with the
Corean's agent, asking for orders. a
reply came instructing Captain Main to
proceed to Halifax as soon as the vessel
became free. Slowly passage was
worked out Of the ice fields and she
reached blue water on the 23rd.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1894-05-01
A REPORT AGREED UPON.
The Royal Labor Commission Accepts
the Report of the Duke of Devonshire.

The Royal Labor Commission Accepts
the Report of the Duke of Devonshire.
LONDON, April 3O.-The Royal Labor
Commission has agreed upon the report
compiled by the Duke OF Devonshire
and it is made the basis Of the Commits
son's own report.
The Dukes recommendations include
the statement that il was unwise to In
stitute any general system of industrial
tribunals. He added, however, that
there might be some advantage in en-
towering town and county councils TO
establish them tentatively without di-
rectly appointing members. ANY court
of this kind duly authorized would have
statutory powers similar TO the county
courts. These tribunals would only deal
with disputes arising out Of the existing
agreements or trade customs. The re-
port considers ii TO be Of no advantage
10 institute special labor department,
but IL advocates government inquiry
with the view TO remedying the confu-
sion now existing in the administration
of various acts dealing with sanitary
regulations, hours OF labor for women
and children and other matters OF that
kind.
The proposal that a maximum work
ing day be fixed for all trades and occu-
pations is dismissed as not calling for
serious consideration. The settlement
OF hours Of labor In any trade by a vote
OF the trade is more defensible, but no
scheme has been laid before the COM
mission which solves the difficulty OF
defining a trade and of ascertaining its
collective decision.
The report points out that the miners
are an exceptionally we'll organized body
OF workmeu who have not yet found
any difficulty in doing for themselves
whatever they desire in such matters as
regulation OF length Of hours Of labor.
The commission holds that non-uIionist
worKmen should be protected so far as
possible by the public authorities and
that individual authority for masters
TO employ and men to serve whom they
please should be, by all means main
tanned. The sanitary conditions OF
labor, is the last subject dealt with by
the report and it is stated that though
not directly leading to strikes or lock-
outs, this condition has considerable
indirect influence upon the relations
between employers and employed