The morning call., 1894-01-07
QUERY COLUMN.
Authorship of the Epistle
to the Hebrews.
WAGES PAID LITHOGRAPHERS
The Origin of Wildcat
Banking-Taxes on Real
Estate.

| NoTE.-All communications addressed TO the
| Query Editor must be accompanied by the
name and address OF the writer's, when 10 no no
| cas- will be published. This rule Is maze lot
| obvious asOns All communications should
be in not later than Friday morning.
| THE Book OF HEBREWS - Cornelius,
| San Lorenzo. o. The authorship of
| the epistle TO the Hebrews Is not known.
1t is one of the many veXed questions In
regard to the Scriptures. 1t mas since
earliest times been popularity credited to
the Apostle Paul, although the balance OF
proof is by no means in favor of his
authorship. Erasmus ventured the opinion
| that Clement of Rome was the author.
Luther (who suggests ApOllos) and CALVIN
! (who thinks either Luke or Clement was
the antbor) argue very pertinently that
Paul, who lays such stress on his claim
that his gospel was not taught him by
man, but by direct revelation, could not
have written Hebrews ii :3-4. where the
author classes himself among those who
received the message of salvation from the
| personal disciples of Christ, on the evil
dence of miracles with which God con-
| firmed their words. Your confidence in
| the Query Column is gratifying, but the
| Q. G. scarcely feels able to throw light
upon subject regarding which the theO-
| logians are cropping in darkness. The
writer. whoever he was. was evil
| IDENTIFY a man of the first intellectual
mark and of Alexandrlan culture,
whose home and work lay mainly
among the Jewish Chris tians, but who
was at the same time associated with the
Pauline circles. OF the names offared us
in other New Testament writings Barna-
! bas aud ADollos seem the most likely.
and II any weight is to be given tradition
! Ba rnabas should claim preference. Either
name would 60 well with the Alexandrlan
address. ADolloS was an AeXandrian
! Jew. Bsfnabas was of Cyprus, always
closely connected with Egypt. (2) The Nc
| Creary bill is the substitute for the Geary
bill. 1t extends the time allowed Chinese
in which 10 register for six months from
! the passage of the new bill, which Oc-
| Cured during the recent extra session of
Congress. 81 The Query Column is some
! what inclined TO question whether ii Is
really the killdee that comes in large
| fiOcks into your fields" The killdee is
not gregarious, and according to sportsmen
it is unusual for this kind of bird TO appear
| in this part of the State, certainly unusual
| for fiocks of the species TO appear any
where. Nor could the Query Column sug-
gest any other way nf killing them than
with gun. Ii scarecr0w does not keep
| them away shooting or trapping them Is
| your only remedy.
KELLY MoToR-B. w.. San Francisco.
! The subject of perpetual motion has al
ways occupied the attention of a certain
class of cranks. The subject. however,
was much more under discussion a few
years ago than it is now, when it is pretty
thoroughly understood to be unatiainable.
| Ia, Ill Nd IN ho,-
tofore unknown etheric force which would
accomplish more than any other known
power and with it to have solved the
| problem OF perpetual motion. The opin-
! ions of engineers as to this alleged dis
cOvery were not encouraging. Edison
| claims that othing has vet been done by
| the keely motor that could not be done by
compressed air. and practical engineer
| who saw 1t at work declared it To be
| clearly nothing more nor less than gem
| Grafton OF an elastic condition of air, gas
| or vapor produced by causing the mole
| cules of the gas acted upon to Vibrate
violently in containing vessel. whence
| 1t Is allowed to escape in this constrained
! condition in order to produce develop
ment of power in any way desirab Ie."
| The motor did not accOmI lish perpetual
| motion. 1t VAS demonstrated to be worth
| less, was consigned to oblivion and no one
| has since solved the problem. ~ A per-
init must be obtained TO carry a revolver
| or any other concealed weapon. The fact
that the revolver was empty would make
| no difference If IL were found on your per-
son. (3) The early Peruvians had low
alloy Of gold and copper known as
| champ. which served for the manufacture
| of weapons, tools, etc, but pure copper
| itself is of little use and has never been
used for the manufacture of edged tools.
| A new process OF hardening copper has re-
Gently been perfected by which this metal
ia rendered admirably ft for the manufac-
ture of steam boiler tubes, bearing shafts
| or axles, axle-boxes. etc, but not for tools.
SHINPLAsTER s-A. g.. City. The shin
| plaster was small paper note 10 early
use in the United States issued on private
responsibility, in denominations of from
| 3 TO so cents, as substitutes for small coins
| drawn from circulation during a suspension
| of specie payments. People were obliged
10 accept them, though very few of them
were ever redeemed. They were generally
worthless outside of the town in which
they were issued. There was a rapid rise
in the value of GOLD and silver conse-
Quent upon the issue of greenbacks in 1862,
| and in a few months all small change had
disappeared from circulation. The people
| had to tall back upon postage stamps and
| these private issue notes for change. So
| TO relieve the need Congress in March,
1868. passed bill authorizing the issue of
| Sl5.000.O00 In fractional notes, and as the
! name shinplaster was already in use
for the private notes il was at
! once by popular usage transferred
| to the Government fractional cur
| rency. The Government shinplaster
| was legal tender every where in sums not
exceeding So. They gradually went out
of use after the resumption of specie pay
ment in 1872. (2) Wildcat banking was
name given, especially in the Western
States. to the operations Of Organizations
| or individuals. who under the loose State
banking laws which prevailed before the