The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1894-03-15
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

nine months of last year, compare
with those of the corresponding perio
of 1892 show an increase to the valu
of 95 694, 900 rubles in exports and AZ
93s, 900 in imports.
In the colony of Natal tea contir
ues to be largely grown in the coas
districts, chiefly in Victoria county an
the lower Umzimkulu division. TIL
area under cultivation may be pu
down at about 2, 200 acres.
Official tests of different qualitie
of steel at the Massachusetts, arsena
show, contrary to the popular opinion
that steel is stronger at zero Fahren
| heit than at ordinary temperatures
The minimum of strength is at abou
2100, but above that it rises again til
it reaches its maximum at $500.
The first printers union of which
| there is any authentic record was
formed in London in 1910, its object
being, as the charter states. ''to cor
| rect Irregularities and to bring the
modes of charge from custom and
precedent into one point of view in
order to their being better understood
by all concerned.
The average duration of human
life is about thirty-three years. One
quarter of the people on the earth die
before age six, one-half before age SIX
teen, and only about one person of
each one hundred born lives to age
slXty-tive. The deaths are calculated
at sixty-seven per minute, 81, 100 per
day and 1869, S35 per year: and births
at seventy per minute, 100, 500 per day
and SO, $4,000 per year.
Statistics regarding the tides in
the Bay of Fundy are so startling as to
seem almost Incredible. At Grand
Manan the fall is from twelve to fif-
teen feet, at Lubec and Eastport
twenty feet, at ST. John from twenty
four to thirty feet, at Moncton on the
bend of the Peticodiac, seventy feet,
while the distance between high and
loW-water mark on the Cobequid river
is twelve miles the river actually be-
ing twelve miles longer at high than
at low water.
In the ordinary respiration of man
sixteen or seventeen cubic inches of
atmospheric air pass into the lungs
twenty times minute, or cubic foot
every 81 minutes; pa cubic feet in
tWenty-four hours. The lungs hold $50
cubic feet. At each respiration 1875
OF oxygen is converted into carbonic
acid gas. The nitrogen inspired and
expired is exactly equal. During the
act OF inspiration the lungs have been
found to be the coolest parts of the
body.
In children of consumptive parents
number of deep respirations, accom- !
panied by horizontal extension of the !
outstretched arms at each inspiration |
1lstends every part of the lungs and !
expands especially the apices where |!
this lnsidious disease first appears In |
eases of contracted lung from pleurisy |
such exercise will break up old adhe- !
'lons and restore lost breathing power
This pulmonary gymnastic exercise in !
moderation should be practiced nv all !.
The total heat of combustion OF |
me pound of hydrogen is 62, O32 units,
md of one pound of carbon IA, 500 units. |
It requires 1874 units of heat to con- |
vert water at temperature of zero to |
steam of one hundred pounds pressure, |
but as steam is generally generated |
from water averaging about sixty de-
rrees, the total heat required to con-
vert it into steam is only 1854 units, (
and one pound of bituminous coal of
average quality contains heat enough
to convert twelve and one-half pounds
of water at this temperature into steam
of one hundred pounds absolute pres
sure.
1t is not always the direct shock OF
the lightning stroke that does the
greatest damage. The discharge acts
by induction on all conduc-
tors in its vicinity, producing thou
sands of momentary but intense cur
rents, which when they leap across
minute intervals give rise to sparks
which may start fires or explode gun
powder. One of these induction cur
rents, in leaping from one metallic
thread to another in a table cover, set
the table on fire, and in another in
stance the transmitter of telephone
was destroyed in the same way by the
fusion of part of the wire in the coil.