davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
MO. 3Is7 EQUITY.

NO. sls7 EQUITY.
In the Circuit Court for Carroll County.
MiIly Earhart, Mortgage, vs.. Jeremiah o.
Jones and wife, Mortgagors.
Ordered this 18th day of January. A. D.,
1891. that the Account of the Auditor
fled in this cause be finally ratified and con-
frmed, unless cause TO the contrary thereof
he shown on or before the 29th day ofJannary,
instant; provided copy of this order be in
serted for two successive weeks before the
last named day in some newspaper published
i" VA - BENZ. F. GROUSE, Clerk.
True copy,-Test:
ianl3 q BENZ f. GROUSE, Clerk.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

Ex-President Harrison is said by Chair
man Carter Of the Republican National
Committee. and others not to be Il candi-
date for the Republican nomination for
President 10 1896. The statement seems
20 he authoritative, and the most promi-
ue.i candidates left are Reed. of Maine,
aud Mckinley. Of Ohio.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

a GREY 81 boat lying at Cambridge all
went in i,atlling in the Ghoptank on Christ
mas Day. The fact may be noted on their
ombatones, is All are BOW sick.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
NO. s171 EQUITY.

In the Circuit Conrt for Carroll County.
Francis P. Glennan, Mortgage, VS.. Elias
Brandenburg and wife, Mortgagors.
Ordered this 9Th day of January, A. D.
1894, that the Account Of the Auditor filed in
this cause be finally ratified and confirmed.
unless cause to the contrary thereof be shown
on or before the 29th day ofJanuaPy, inst. ;pro.
vided copy of this order be inserted for two
successive weeks before the last named day
in some newspaper published in Carroll
county.
BENZ. F. GROUSE, Clerk.
True Copy,-Test:
janl3 2t BENZ. F. GROUSE, Clerk.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

In the Circuit Court for Carroll County.
Laura ] Arnold ct al. vs.. Carroll shipley ct al
Ordered this 18th day of January, A. D.,
1894, that the Account of the Auditor filed
in this cause be finally ratified and confirmed,
unless cause to the contrary thereof be shown
on or before the 10Th day of January, inst !;
provided a copy of this order be inserted for
two successive weeks before the last named
day in some newspaper published in Carroll
BENZ. F. GROUSE, Clerk.
True Copy,-Test:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
NO. so4l EQUITY.

In the Circuit Court for Carroll County.
Hezekiah Hahn and others, VS.. Samuel W.
Hahn and others.
Ordered this 18th day of January, A. D.,
1894. that the Account Of the Auditor fled
in this cause be finally ratified and con.
firmed, unless canse to the contrary thereof
be shown on or before the 10Th day of
january, inst; provided copy of this order
be inserted for two successive weeks before
the last named day in some newspaper pub
lished in Carroll county.
BENZ. +. GROUSE, Clerk.
True copy-Test:
jan132t Benz. F. CnousE, Clerk.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
TO CREDITORS.

This is to give notice that the subscriber
has obtained from the Orphans Court of
Carroll county, in Maryland, letters of ad-
minstraton on the Personal Estate of
LEWIS SHAFER,
late of Carroll county, deceased All per-
sons having claims against the deceased are
warned to exhibit the same, with the vouch-
ers thereof legally authenticated, TO the
subscriber, on or before the 18th day OF
August, 1894; they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefit of said estate.
Given under my hand this 9th day of
January, 1894.
JACOB L. SHAFER,
janl3 At Administrator.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
UcTIoNEERINe.

The undersigned offers bis services as an
Auetioneer of Real and Personal Property
Sales. He has the following engagements;
March 3.-Mrs Geo. II. Brown.
March 6.-Simon Coppersmth.
March l2.-Elizabeth j. Stoner.
March 20.-Samuel Beck.
March 24-Charles E. Babylon.
March 3l.-Wu. c. Burial.
j. THOMAS R00P,
ian13 IL New Windsor, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
A PUBLICATIONS. FOR LIQUOR
IN LICENSES.

WESTMINSTER, MD, Dec. %, 1898.
| hereby give notice that the following
persons have filed applications in the Office
OF the Clerk Of the Circuit Court for Carroll
county for Liquor Licenses, to.wit:
TO KEEP A HOTEL OR ORDINARY.
William L. Crawford, near Taylorsville,
Md
George Yunger, Sykesville, Nd.
William L. Noyes, Gambler, Nd.
TO KEEP A SALOON AND RESTAU-
RANT.
Harvey W. Stem, Westminster, Nd.
George +. Morelock, Westminster, Md.
FOR A WHOLESALE LIQUOR LICENSE
Chauncey E. Jerome, Westminster, Nd.
And unless cause to the contrary be shown
in writing on or before the 18th day of Janu.
airy, 1894. the licenses applied for will be
issued; provided the said applicants comply
with the requirements of Chapter 1913, Acts
Of 1892, requisite thereto.
BENZ. +. GROUSE,
Clerk of the Circuit Court for Carroll County.
desc st
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
DUBLIC SALE
Il OF VALUABLE
REAL ESTATE.

By virtue of an order of the Orphans eoe..
OF Carroll county, the subscriber, as exee"'TS'
OF the last will and testament OF Joseph II
Hahn, late Of said county, deceased, VII" ""
at Public Sale, on the premises, on
SATURDAY, JANUARY 2Oih, 1884,
at l o'clock, P. NJ, The following valuable
real estate to-wit:
First The Property known as the nelnn
Ter Farm, situated and lying along the eoull
road leading from the Pale Valley oeaoo,
house, to the Weist Mill road, and containing
7oI ACRES OF LAND, MORE Oh LESS
about 4 acres of which is in -, ~
Timber. There is on the pro- zs.SA-A1
perry a two-story Weather ri 10 (
boarded Dwelling House, with = -
Stone Back Building, and well OF wa'er n ",e
the door, good young apple oreharSS i,'asl
This property adioins the lands Of S sli"~sr
Harnish, Abraham Koontz, Amos rhehlnE
and others, and is one mile from NUM-
Station and three miles from Taneyt9Mh, T
Second. The land known as the EZRA
Hahn property, containing
3 ACRES, > RooDS AND II PERCHhs,,r
more or less, Improved with one ana lama a'n'.'
Story Stone Dwelling House, Wash no. he
Stable, ETC., with a we'll oil wafer ho' -' fra;,
dwelling. There is nice lot of young IN, he
trees on this property, which adIo'"S
above named farm. a nm
A plat Of these tracts will be exh'o''e"
the day Of sale l.se
Terms of Sale.-One third of the pnTcn5a A.
money to be paid TO said executor on l ts M, ~
Of sale, or on the ratification thereof " sal
said court, and the residence in two sg lnd
payments. the one payable in one yen s si,s
the other in two years from the day, q an, ~,
the credit payments to be secured y nv.
bonds or single bills of the parchaser or ",
chasers, with Sufficient security, bearing =
terest from the day Of sale. - or
For further information, please easl =" <
address.
UPTON L. HAHN, Executor
Littlesiown, Adams county 90 -
Vim. Brown, Auct deco {
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
dividend NOTICE.

WESTMINSTER, January 2, 1894.
The President and Board of Directors of
The Farmers Fertilizer Company of Carroll
County, at meeting held on the above date.
declared dividend Of SIX PER CENT. on
the capital stock of said company for the past
year, payable on and after the Sd Of Febru.
airy, at the First National Bank Of Westmin-
ster, Nd.
JNo. 7. DIFFENBAUGH.
lanp ~ Secretary.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
A ssIGNEE OF MoRTGAGEE's
"A SALE.

By virtue of the power contained in a
mortgage from Malinda A. Manchey and
Henry NJ. Manchey, her husband, to Eph-
rain W. Becker. dated January 2. A: D.,
1884, recorded among the Real Estate Mort,
gage Records of Carroll county, in liber L.
T. s., No. 20. folio 1874, &C., and duly as
signed to the undersigned, will sell at
Public Sale. at the Court House Door in
Westminster, Carroll county, Maryland, on
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 5. A. D., 1894,
at = O'Clock, p. M, all that parcel of land,
described in said mortgage, containing
TWO ROODS AND TWO SQUARE
PERCHES, More or Less.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
y OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES MATTER

r IsT OF UNCLAIMED MATTER
IL Remaining in the Post Office, West
minister, Nd, January 6, 1894:
Adams. Miss Nancy Mills, f.
Beaver, S. l.. Redmond, Tom
Hancock, Carlos Sell, Henry
Hornberger, John Smith, Mrs. Margaret
Lewis, Jos. Smith, B. S.
Persons calling for matter in the above list
will say it was advertised.
;ani$ GEO. Z. SHARPER, p. NJ.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

on the Baltimore aud Hanover Iurhplke
Road, in Manchester district, Carroll county,
Nd, is about three-quarters OF mile from
Greenmount Station on the Baltimore and
Hanover Railroad, and adjoins the land of
Daniel Garrett and Thomas NJ. Bosley.
Terms of Sale Cash, or if desired by the
purchaser reasonable credit will be given.
CHARLES r. REIFSNIDER.
Assignee of Ephram W. Becker, Mortgage.
ian13 Is
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

Daniel Moore. a loom boss at Wilson's
wooden mill, Paterson, New Jersey. one day
last week, committed suicide. He threw
himself between two hinge cog wheels in the
power room aud was literally ground 10 pieces
He had been sick with the grip and was Graz
ed with suffering. He leayes 2 widow and
two small children.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
DIVIDEND NO. II.

Farmers and Mechanics National Bank
of Westminster,
Westminster, Nd, Dec. 30, 1898.
The President and Directors have this day
declared Dividend of .! per cent. on the
Capital Stock, out of the earnings of the past
six months, payable to the stockholders of
this date, on and after January 10, 1894,
clear of Federal, State and County Taxes.
JOHN II. CUNNINGHAM.
Jan6 Ut Cashier.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

OYSTER SUPPER AND FEsTI-
" VAL.-The Ladies' Of the Mite Society
Of the NJ. P. Church will hold an Oyster
Supper and Festival in the Basement Of the
Church, commencing Wednesday night, Jan
uary 2fth, and continuing four nights.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
Farmers Exchange Business
Especially Solicited.
MORTGAGES SALE
IVA or A
VALUABLE FARM.


BY virtue Of the power of sale contained il
a mortgage from Charles C. c. Cape and wife
to Lewis W. Caple, dated April 9th, 1851
and recorded among the Real Estate Mort
gage Records of Carroll county, in Llber ".
N. NJ, No. Is, folio 1879, etc, The undersigned
will offer at Public Sale, on the premises on
SATURDAY. 2otE of January. A. D., 1884
at o'clock, >. M, all that desirable farm
containing
1876 ACRES, > RO0DS and PERC1S
of land, more or less.
The improvements thereon are 4 large Gad
AA - conveniently arranged IM0'
&FTfHh.szG STORY LOG & WEATHhk
TT ziI1, BOARDED ID W ELLlN6
HOUSE, Large Bank Barn.
with double threshing floors, granaries and
ample stabling, wagon shed, with corn en'
attached. hog house, smoke house. caniage,
house, dairy and other outbuildings, all o.
which arein excellent repair and conveniently
located wates convenient TO all the buildings
orchard of apple and other fruit trees.
There is q due proportion OF wood Cd, anu
meadow land. This farm is situate in WOO
ery's district, Carroll county, Md. on l u,
Deer Park road, about TWO mlies hu'"
Baltimore and Reisterstown turnpike roaa,
about six miles from Westminster and anon on
four miles from Finksburg station on Inc ".
Md. railroad, adioins the land of Emory LepP
and others, and is the same property WlVh
the said Charles C. c. Gaple now occupies
The land is in a high state of cultivation.
the buildings and fences are in good repair
and its desirable location as to Schools
churches, postollices, ETC., makes II ~Or'n'
the attention of purchasers.
Terms of Sale One third cash on the I \.
of sale, or upon the ratification thereof, ,ne
residue in two equal payments of one and Two
years from the day of sale the credit Pay
ments to be secured to the satisfaction Of Ih ',
mortgage, bearing interest from day oil s'T'
or all cash at the option of the purchaser
LEWIS w. CAPLE, Mortgage,
L. Howell Lamotte, solicitor,
dec30-ts VIM. II. Blizzard. aueiloaeei'
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
MORTGAGES SALE
AVA OF a DESIRABLE
LITTLE PROPERTY.

BY virtue of the power contained in mort
gage from George W. Null and Barbara Z.
Null, his wife, to Jonathan Bixler, bearing
date june -, 1882, and recorded among the
Real Estate Mortgage Records Of Carroll
county, in Iiber +. 7. s., No. Is, folio 50,
&c, duly assigned to the undersigned, will
sell at Public Sale, at the Court House door,
in Westminster, Carroll county, Nd, on
MONDAY, 22nd of JANUARY, A. D., 1894,
at ! o'clock, p. m, all the land described in
and conveyed by said mortgage containing
> ACRES, > RooDS AND 8 SQUARE
perches, more or less.
The improvements thereon are comforta.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
GEORGE l.. STOCKsOALE. solicitor.
TRUSTEES SALE
L OLA
Valuable Little Property,


By virtue of decree of the Circuit Court
for Carroll County, sitting in equity, passed
in cause No. 32l0, wherein S. Arthur Kemp,
father and next friend, &c, is complainant,
and Luther " Kemp and others are defend
ants, the undersigned, Trustee named in said
decree, will offer at public sale, on the prem
ises. situate on the Baltimore and Westmin-
ster turnpike road, in Finksburg, and three
fourths of mile from Finksburg station, on
W. NJ. R. r., on
WEDNESDAY, 31st of JANUARY, 1894,
at o'clock, p. m, sharp, tract containing
10 ACRES, l ROOD, & % So PERCHES
of land, more or less, being the same land
ofwhich Frances E. Kemp, late fsaid county,
died seized and possessed. The improve
ments consist of two-story Log Weather
boarded House, good stable,
A.nlSSA courthouse, and all other usual
M1sIA outbuldings, in excellent re-
lez53 $3.50: pair; well of water at the door;
considerable fruit of all kinds To anyone in
want of comfortable home, situated in one
of the best villages in the county, convenient
to churches, schools, railroad and postoffice,
it is worthy of attention. For further infor-
nation call on or address Trustee, at West
minister, Md.
Terms of Sale.-One third of the purchase
money to be paid on the day of sale, or upon
the ratification thereof by the Court; balance
in one and two years, the credit payments to
be secured to the satisfaction of the trustee,
and bearing interest from the day of sale.
p. S.-A cash deposit OF 500 will be re-
quired upon the day Of sale.
GEO. l.. ST0CKSDALE,
jar its Trustee
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

CALE BILLS
DALE BILLS
Promptly Printed
Promptly PRINTED
Promptly Printed
AT THE
AT THE
AT THE
Democratic Advocate once
Denoocratic Advocate once
Democratic Advocate OInce'
AT THE
AT THE
AT THE
Shortest Notice
Shortest Notice
Shortest Notice
AT
The Lowest Rates
The Lowest Rates
The Lowest Rates
FOR
FOR
FOR
Good Work.
Good Work.
Good Work.
Address,
VANDERFORD BROS.
;on1a If Westminster, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
TRUsTEE'S SALE
OF
Valuable Real Estate.

By virtue of a decree of the Circuit Court
for Carroll county. sitting as Court OF Equity
passed in cause No. 5000, wherein JACOB on. u.
Shafer and others, are Plaintiffs, and hi1 ia
beth A. Shafer. widow, and others, are De-
PENDANTS the undersigned, Trustee therein
named. will sell at Public Sale, at the Court
House Door in Westminster. Carroll county,
Maryland. on
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 5, A. d., 1884,
at , o'clock, p. M, the following parcels OF
land:
First.-A parcel of land containing IWu
ACRES, More or Less. The Improvements
thereon are Two Story Log Dwelling House.
with back building, Frame
A,%SA ~ Stable, dairy, spring of ex-
Ha9{ celent water near the house.
3 there is also an Orchard oil
Ample and other chico fruit trees in thriving
condition, on the premises, &c. This property
is near the road leading from Westminster to
Manchester, is about one-half mile from
Mexico. and adoins the land of Lephaniah
Lester and others.
Second. "A Wood Lot containing IL
ACRES and 20 PERCHES of Land. More
or Less. This parcel of land is covered S<<x
with Chestnut and Oak and is well SS5sN
located. This lot is situate on the -
county road leading from Mexico to Richards
Mill. Is about one and one-half miles from
Richards Mill and adjoins the land of Jacob
d. I.eister. Jacob Basler and others.
Third.-A Wood Lot containing ACRES,
ROODS and e SQUARE PERCHES OF
Land, More or Less. This parcel is on the
road leading from Westminster to Warields
burg, is about one half mile from Warfelds'
burg, and adjoins the land of David Bale,
Euhraim Haines and others.
Terms of Sale :-One-thir cash on the
day of sale or upon ratification thereof; one
third in nine months and the other one-thlrd
in eighteen months from the day of sale; the
credit payments to be secured by notes of the
purchaser or purchasers with approved
security bearing interest from day of sale.
CHAS. 7. REIFSNIDER, Trustee.
r. C. Matthews. Auctioneer. janis is
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

This property is in Myers district, Carroll
CO., Nd. on the county..road leading past Gel.
man Mill to the Pennsylvania line. adioins
the land Of David Starner and others. is about
4 miles from Bachman's Mill and about miles
from Pleasant Hill, Pa, and is now in the
occupancy of the said George W. Null.
Terms of Sale, Cash, or if desired hy the
purchaser, ehalf cash on the day Of sale.
or on the ratification thereof, the credit pay
ment to be secured by the note of the pur-
chaser Or purchasers thereof by note with ap-
proved security bearing interest from the day
Of sale. CHAS. T. REIFSNIDER,
Assignee of jonathan Bixler. mortgage.
deeS0-ts r. G. Mathews, auctioneer.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

tents thereon are a Two Story
Frame Dwelling House, Frame
Stable and other out-build-
ings, water convenient to the
buildings. This property is
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
For Sale by all First Glass
GrocerS.

Our FEED is fresh made from our OEl
WHEAT-no Western leed-and is ADMITTED
to be worth, by persons who have had FL
perience, Two Dollars i Ton more thlH
Western Feed.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
CoMMIssIoNERs, NOTICE.

The County Commissioners of Carroll
county will meet at their office, in Westmin.
ster, on the first Monday in February. 1894.
for the transaction of business.
BY order, JOHN j. REESE,
lan6 Clerk.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
High Grade,

is especially spoken of by the Judges Of tbs
Great Fair. Persons using our -four can
depend upon its Excellent Qualify
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

The tax upon the gross receipts of telegraph
companies should be increased to two per
centum, thus making it equal to the existing
rate upon the gross receipts of telephone
companies. There is so much similarity in
the means employed by these two industries
in the conduct of their business that the cost
and expenses incurred must be very nearly
the same, which implies like ability to CON
tribute to the public revenue.
Chapter 544, laws of 1890, which provides
for the taxation OF investments held in trust
by safe deposit, fidelity. security and guaranty
companies, should be repealed. The law fixes
no penalty for non compliance with its prov
isions, and, therefore, have been unable to
enforce il. This was fortunate omission
on the part of the General Assembly, for to
vigorously subject such investments so held
in trust, in many instances for the support of
helpless women and children, to state and
municipal taxation in the city of Baltimore,
would oftentimes take almost fifty per centum
of their annual increment.
The only practicable way to make property
of this class, consisting largely of bonds and
certificates of Indebtedness, contribute its
just proportion for public purposes, is to pro
vide by law rate Of assessment of such in
vesiments according to the rate Of interest
which they bear. Whether this can be done
without an amendment to our Constitution, is
a question am not competent to determine.
But until this method of assessment be pro-
yided for by the General Assembly, the temp
tation to secrete property of this sort viii be
TOO strong for those who are not conscientious
10 resist, while the scrupulously honest will
he The victims of unequal and unjust taxation
The laws providing for the assessment and
taxation Of corporations are being executed
with little friction, and are yielding n large
and growing revenue to the state. 1t would,
therefore, be bad policy to make any radical
changes therein.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
MO. $3.50 EQUITY.

True Copy,-Test;
janl3 2t BENZ. F. GROUSE, Clel
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

BILE , STORY LOG FRAME
DWELLING HOUSE, Sta.
Bile aud other outbuildings,
water convenient to the build.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13

VA
col
TER
cents |
ADV
beins |
each X
$50; X
note1 X
pfins
oOniiI |
YEAR, X
heir X
price |
and I
CONN
50 |
aidrt |
En|
. asSe X
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1894-01-13
THE MARKETS.
WESTMINSTER MARKETS.

Wholesale Prices by Il. O. Grimes.
FrIDAy. January -. 1894.
Birmingham age-herald., 1894-08-24
MARINE LAW.

Japan purchased the vessel Islam of shipbuilders in England, and intended to utilize it in fighting China. But the British Government stopped the vessel and abro- gated the sale. England learned a dear lesson when she sold the Confederate States the Alabama. The Geneva Commission made England pay the United States sev. eral million dollars for the damage done to Federal shipping by the Alabama. Eng land acquiesced in the decision and paid the money, because of the principle in- volved. She knew that she would doubtless have use for that international law in the future. It was bitter pill, but John Bull gulped it down for the sake of it's good ef- fects. The point made by the Geneva Com mission was that the Southern States was not an independent nation but was engaged in rebellion or insurrection. Hence, the assistance tEat England gave to the Con- federacy was aiding and abetting res bellion, which is contrary to good policy and international law. It will be remembered that when Peixto headed the rebellion in Chilli he sent the Itata to San Fran cisco and secretly loaded her with arms and munitions of war purchased in the United States. Cur government saw at once that this was A violation of inter- national law and sent United States marshal on board the Itata to detain her. She raised her anchor and steamed away with the marshal on board. The United States man. -of-war Charleston was sent after her and brought her back. This ac- tion of the United States was commended by all civilized countries, for it was in recognition of the accepted law that neu- tral nation cannot give aid to either one side or the other in a civil war.