The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-12-23

now practically proved, he argues. that steel
mixed with from three to Eve per cent. Of nickel
Is double the strength Of ordinary steel. and -
II does not corrode or take on barnacles. ships
constructed OF IL will possess the very great adj
vantage OF never requiring. to be ,scrapedf
m moTeO s,fclv SSo ssSniIRIts much Sr ppii Ssssr sSss
ordinary steel sh ip.,' , %dFn cn nsRss' power owen
and consumption of coal may DO safely
, ,Sdrt scoo without T. , dhiImi ,nli of speed I'LL. In
bound TO supersede the ordinary article, and
probably also all other materials In present use
In ship constructions; and this being the case,
the nation which is in a position Ia produce this
metal must necessarily control the shipbulldlns
considerable supply of nickel outside OF Canada,
which in fact possesses n,ickeliferous pyntes
ing from Lake Superior to labrador being rich
in It., IT is remarkable indeed, but It ls de-
a million tons OF the pure metal annually, IL
necessary, for an indefinite period.
The plan which has for some time past been
under way in Russia of introducing metal sleeps
ers upon all the railways in that country IL res
garded with no little interest there and else
where, as indicating a decided advance in ensi-
ncering enterprise. An experiment in this line
most respects satisfactory. the only drawback
IN fact being the cost involved: The plan has
en,snsIy va n sCsis' sn 9e S6nt resHmf 6ay upon SGcSS pite an
been placed by the government with native
makers for a large, supply; IL is believed that
- N.',S HDNF' 80 ~ h.htio sAvRbhuA
of metal %sleepcrs an normous impetus will be
given TO, Russian metallurgical industry, as
some thirteen million out of sixty. million
wooden sleepers are now yearly renewed.
For c~oloring iron and steel a dead black OF 81.
perior appearance and permsnency the right
article has long been sought, and, to meet this
want, NJ. Manure now proposes n fluid, OF which
the following is the formula: One part bismuth
chloride, two parts mercury bichloride, one para
copper chloride, six parts hydrochloric acid, I'VE
parts alcohol, and fifty parts water, these being
Of course well mixed. To use this preparation
being first made clean and free from grease
IT. |; applied With a swab or brush, or; better
s the l 1Ss doO} is allowed mfiSy be to dipdR fS onto ont III. Il.
metal, and the latter is then placed in boiling
Ssit m The h"1t temPe sGtsr ,h being *. % rn1dr :. ed, for
dark as is desired for the purpose, the operation
e simply TO be repeated, and the result Is in the
highest degree satisfactory. After obtaining
the desired degree OF color the latter is nIed as
well as much improved generally by placing for
coating the surface with oil and heating the OBJ
iect untiltheo oil is completely driven of; The
said TO be admirable.
A recent Improvement in the construction Of
warp knitting machines is likely to DO regarded
with considerable favor-its practicability, Al
least, being no slight consideration In Its behalf
consisting simply in the application of tension
rollers mounted on the traverse carriages Of
the machine; that is, the threads are caused to
carriages of the machine beneath the tension
roller. which Is of such q weight as to be raised
by the threads which pass underneath Il. on
arms or brackets which are provided with slots,
i HnS as' them ss ss a5 be ssd der tG r, isnii .s tho bSl tSrs. a:
are drawn on the needles, and then to remain
temporarily suspended on the threads for the
purpose OF taking up the looseness of the latter.
Thus the irregular impulses given TO the threads
are compensated by the tension roller instead OF
occasioning, sudden, intermittent drawing of
from the bobbins.
A very notable achievement in metal working
processes was announced lately by the velocipeds
car company of Three Rivers, Mich, in the pro-
duction OF the wheels for handcars from q sim
gle sheet OF steel, thus greatly simplifying the
operation, with decided advantages in the re-
f scient a s sree5 81 p Pro gSao tnick IN c,r TO INSURE sn6-
and. passing, through n series of formative
processes, is brought TO, the desired shape, tho
curing increased stiffness. A hub, drop forged
from a single piece Of toughencd steel, is then
riNeted In place, which operation completes the
wheel. The result Is a wheel OF exceptional
lightness, as well as strength, and n distinct add
dltion TO the articles madc-tn this line.
1t is asserted that by the new, or Dalzel, pro-
cess of treating steel, any OF tho ordinary steels
OF the usual lengths and shapes Tor making
tools, punches. and dies will, when treated, be-
come SO soft as to effect a very material saving
III Va W VI lIouuNlHs III SIT tOOl. Aluer
having been softened and cut to tho required
form. the steel is handled in precisely the same
manner as any Of the well-knOwn sorts. and 1t IL
S Hith ,%s t Than the process IN no way interferes
SO alters its physical structure as TO insure the
9ualttie: mentioned: In proof OF this, a piece Of
star, scyen-eighths of an inch in diam
the result showing that in tho max
ing OF this punch there was n saving Of about
ness of the metal. After being cut 1t was tenn
pered in the usual way in water, then forced
through wrought iron 3.l0 inches thick, aud as
n final test was forced through metal which cut
S Sncsd p prrs r t trSd mar y, spS bs, H't ths p am IhoA II
underwent series Of tests in this unusual way,
passing from one test TO another more severe.
originally left the makers hands.
The merits of a new coke furnace of novel and
interesting construction have been the subject
OF considerable investigation by engineers abroad
an invention which. from the various accounts
published in the foreign Journals, would seem
likely TO create n decided departure from tho
usual routine of the coke-making industry. lt
r. described as n reverbersting furnace, capable
of producing coke from n coal very much in
ferior In quality to what has generally been used
for the purpose, and, In the matter Of cost, the
new method is said To show an economy of fifty
cents per ton as compared with The cost required
most IMPORTANT colliery companies. it is said,
are laying down these new Furnaces.
In some OF the large business and manufao-
turing establishments in Boston there has lately
been introduced a system Of furnaces for sta
tionary boilers which, it Is claimed. goes far
toward solving the problem Of securing nearly.
II not quite, complete combustion and an almost
imperceptiblea amount OF smoke. The arrange
men, is based on the principle set forth BY
Charles Wye Williams, the expert, that in tho
action OF the furnace about one hundred and
nifty cubic feet of air at atmospheric tempera-
ture are the absolute equivalents for the come
bustiOn Of one pound 81 coal, One-third, or fifty
cubic feet, Of which is taken up By the gas. and
twu-thirds, or one hundred cubic feet, by the
coke. From this IL follows that, "a insure COM
plets combustion and prevent smoke IL Is not
only essential that there should be a good
dTAught. AS generally understood that Is,
through the CRATES and up the CLimney-but the
gases arising from the ignited coal must be sup
piled with oxygen from a source abOye the CRATES.
10 this end "a number Of jets VI supeTheated
steam are introduced in tie furnace over the
hre. and with them Is carried a supply of eKter-
nal air nv tunnsfinn which il np1EHFRH In The