The Wichita daily eagle., 1894-01-19
ANIMALS GROWING SMALLER.
Elephants of the Tertiary Period Monsters
Beside Those of To-Day.

Elephants OF the Tertiary Period Monsters
Beside Those of To-Day.
Compared with their extinct allies
of earlier periods of the earth's his
tory, it may be laid down as a general
rule that the large animals of the
present day are decidedly inferior in
point of size During the later por-
tion of the tertiary period, for in
stance, before the incoming of the
glacial epoch, when mammals appear
to have attained their maximum de-
velopment, there lived elephants along
side of which ordinary individuals OF
the existing species would have looked
almost dwarfs, while the cave bear and
the cave hyena attained cor sidera bly,
larger dimensions than their living
Representatives, and some of the saber-
toothed tigers must have been consid-
erably larger than the biggest
African lion or Bengal lion-
Again, the remains of red deer, bison
and wild oxen, disinterred from the
cavern and other superficial deposits of
this country, indicate animals far SUI
perior in size to their degenerate de-
Scendants of the present day. while
some of the extinct pigs from the
Siwalik hills of northern India might
be compared in stature to tapir rather
than to an ordinary wild boar. The
same story is told by reptiles, the giant
tortoise of the Siwalik hills, in spite of
its dimensions having been considera-
bly, exaggerated, greatly exceeding in
size the largest living giant tortoise of
either the Mascarene or the Galapagos
islands. The latter rocks have also
yielded the remains of a long-snouted
crocodile, allied to the gavial of the
Ganges, which proba bly, measured from
fifty to sixty feet in length, whereas it
is doubtful it any existing member Of
the order exceeds half the smaller
of these dimensions. If, more
over, we took into account totally ex-
.tinct types, such as the megatheres
and mylodons of South America, and
contrasted them with their nearest
Diving allies-in this instance the sloths
and anteaters-the discrepancy in size
would be still more marked, but such
. comparison would scarcely be anal
Ogous to the bove.
To every rule there is, however, an
exception, and there are few groups
of living large mammals whose exist
ing members appear never to have
been surpassed in size by their fossil
relative. Foremost among these are
the whales, which now appear to in
clude the largest members of the order
which have ever existed. The So
called white or sguare-mouthed rhi-
noceros of South Africa seems lso to be
ancestors, and the same is certainly
true of the giraffe, which may even
exceed all its predecessors in
this respect. Whether, however, the
fossil giraffes were or were not the
equals in height of the largest indi-
viduals of the living species, there is
no question but that the latter is by
far the tallest of all living mammals.
and that it was only rivaled in this re-
ispect among exstinct forms by it's
aforesaid ancestors Moreover, if we
exclude creatures like some of the gi-
gantic dinosaurian reptiles of the sec
ondary epoch, which. so to speak,
gained an unfair advantage as regards
height by sitting up on their hind legs
ia a kangaroo-like manner, and limit
our comparison to such as walk on all
four feet in the good old-fashioned
way, we shall find that giraffes are not
only the tallest mammals. but likewise
the tallest of all animals that have
ever existed. d.-Knowle