New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-05-20
ruE ANARCHISTS OF SPAIN.
,,rp,1Js BODY WITH MUCH INFLU-
ONCE IN REVOLUTIONARY coUN-
Sells ABROAD.
,, ~ TIE MOVEMENT OF KARL MARY
,--rp ORGANIZED THAN IN FRANCD-IN-
vv,rApLE TREND OF SOCIALISM TOW
ARD ANARCHY.

.,,-rrpp ORGANIZED THAN IN fhANNh<-iN'
,.,,,r.n1.E TREND OF SOCIALISM TOW
ARD ANARCHY.
Paris, May 4.
s,s,,sh military court has Just condemned
~ civ more Of the Anarchists arrested after
.utumn's deadly explosions in Barcelona
Ias' - ,,,bl,c,tv Of the French civil courts,
Az" ... mas allowed Emile Henry to pose as
N.nosopher and hero, has been avoiueu. hu. II
PM that the condemned men were quite as
J,,ont in their protestations OF the Aharcii''
"o' wv. ..roprhout the trial. Anarchy, from the
..r,nn,ne has found some OF Its sternest us
80 IN SPAIN and their influence mas peeii
,-',ortant throughout the whole movement III
rf,hsr countries Of the world
W." - ~ me last acts of the international Con-
o =, Anarchists at the Chicago Worlds Fair
s.tore rs 500 adherents held their last meeting ."
1898. was testimonial of sympathy
~ me Spanish comrades The 'mneu'a'e
VIII ,.os ~ elorify 1.-The heroism of Pallas''
= had lust blown up innocent men WIN
~ rnsuccessfuly aimed at General Niar''V"
COOS II was a becoming response ~ ''o
|a'"r p.,,,on NJ the two Spanish Anarchist jour
S,.,s"El Despertar." OF New-forK' an" "a
"a, ,,..or" Of Barcelona-which had induced the
uro6es in America to make the congress "a
os,,ogo international instead OF local. DIS 0o"-
-. their New-York organ. originally pro-
80 Shortly afterward bombs were thrown
- 49, 1iceo Theatre at Barcelona by the iilenus
:. ,ha "hero" Pallas 20 avenge MS prompt exc
'..,or and 10 reassert the Anarchist He'hou Vi
ling war on society. This gave the "orlu an
,..a completer than It had yet received Oh p"e
~,.oov nossibilities Of the Anarchist movement
r.-,,o,n Bapst who is an authority on many
1,.n,a details OF modern history notes Vha',
~" ~. exnlosions deliberately planned 'h's Vi
r.,osIona has but one rival In the horror OF us
..,.us II is that caused by the Nihins's IN '"e
-. palace OF ST. Petersburg, ~hen 'hey
,'..ohed nineteen grenadiers into eternity III
aA,'''. ..sro,assfll attempt TO destroy the car
IA the whole Imperial family.
-. 100. s.on known that before the attempt
=, po,,as the police had already lZVo A'ia'ch's''
''..or surveillance In Barcelona ana us suouio'
80 The increased vigilance that loilo"eu uic
-, ,rsvent a new attempt at the oesiilHi"s "a
.s,. vsar against the Prefect OF the Dep"'
N''o GRADUALLY II became plain that spain III
'-.,or,, and Barcelona in particular nave ioHs
-. chief rendezvous Of the leaders OF the en-
A.. movement The French police seems even 10
s-rava that every Anarchist who has gwen 'he'i
,ro,h,s from Paul Reclus to Emile Henry mas
oo,rs or gone by way Of Barcelona. ms was
,s,n,,, centre of the international corre-
.nordence which is the chief means OF hoiulhs
~. marty together. IN the searches mace III 'ne
,,ss,,ne places Of Anarchists and IN the secret
-s.., =, their newspapers letters to the num-
~, =, MANY thousands were seized. dating all the
wav from Chicago TO st. Petersburg.
Tu,h tho documents now In hand we can
.rece fairly well the main outlines OF the A"aI-
ch,st movement IN Spain. AS everywhere eiSe'
a snrang from the old Internauonale. Ih's III
,srnational Association OF Laborers' as II was
called on It's foundation in 1861 soon came u"uer
the despo,ic control of Karl Marx lie was
,,a, ubo knew his own mind and had skilfuily
married off his daughters to such ieaoins mem
bers OF different nations as the Ehs"s"'i"'
Ayeiing, and the spanish-French-Cuoan Ia
farsue But Bakunin was early In the "eiu'
demanding free federation without cehraI au-
thority instead OF the centralized absolu''s"
with which Karl Marx would have reformed the
world The quarrel between the German anu
,ha Russian began in 1865 At that time Social
ism had no existence in Spain.
Bakunin. through such fervent disciples as
JankoWsk and the two Reclus brothers. set
about remedying this state Of things. fanelh'
one OF the chief emissaries Of the lnternaconale,
was sent TO found sections at Madrid and Bar
celona. from which other sections soon spread
over the whole country. On June g. 1870 an i'm
portant congress Of Catalan workngmen was
held In the Crco Theatre Of Barcelona. They
decided on the foundation Of a periodical organ
Of the International, under the name OF La
Federation" The name alone showed the lead
ing OF Spanish Socialists. They now organized
themselves into secret Socialist revolutionary
society which the next year definitely adopted
Anarchist principles and took-perhaps for the
first time in the history OF the movement-the
name OF Coectlvist Anarchists This tendency
became yet more pronounced in the conference
held at Valencia in 1871 and the congress OF
saragossa in 1872. These finally broke loose from
the influence Of pablo Lafargue, who was then
c,unted as a Spaniard. and did not call himself
Paul. as now. when his ambition has become
centred in the French Parliament. Lafargue was
tten accused Of having denounced the whole
movement to the Spanish authorities out OF
spite at its desertion Of his father-in-law. But
the trouble between Karl Marx and BakuDin
was elsewhere rapidly coming TO a head.
In 1872 the congress Of the Internatonale was
summoned by clever manoeuvre Of Karl Marx
a. Inc hague, where BAkunln COulu not appear
without leaving his refuge in Switzerland and
crossing countries IN which he was an outlaw.
The Marxists used their advantage TO expel the
partisans Of Bakunin from the congress. Among
ne Spanish Socialists only few delegates from
~dhd sided with Marx and remained. Those
nom Barcelona left TO take part in Bakunin's
nval congress Of Saint-Imier in Switzerland
Ihere two fundamental principles Of Anarchy
were laid down. First. the ma jorty of congress
cannot impose its will on a minority. Second. all
p'nucal power is to be destroyed. even though II
De IN favor Of revolution. In this congress the
french and American delegates united with the
''snan and Spanish but 1t was only the latter
wac gave full adhesion TO the Anarchist ideas
F" bskunin and Malatesta. the young italian
sao mas since drawn great part Of the Social
s's Of his own country into the new movement.
.ae others were simply Socialists opposed TO cen
eiaedsuthority. even in Socialist State. This al
'aay made plain how thin a wall Of division sep