The people's journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1891-1903, 1894-04-26
FOREST PROTECTION,
LAWS FORPICOiNG THE DESTRUCTION
o. TIMBER IN EUROPE.


N"H''"'n>"i" iavc Supervision over Pri.
'"'n @i - ell as National and Communal
i"r'H' $500 N%for"sting Carried on by Es-
( t2oi.ahcd departments.
III C,crTaony tho various goTcrnmonto
own uud manage III conservative
spine, ;.5yut ono-,hirl OF tho forest
"irN. ,,.u they also control tho manage-
. mcA q another sixth, which belongs to
vA.gu' cities and public institutions
III % t"r Is these communities are
obliged 10 employ expert forcsters and
n't%t submit their working plans to the
government for approval, thus prevent
III" inlproNident and wasteful methods.
The other half Of the forest property,
in the hands Of private owners. is man
aged mostly without interference, al
though upon methods similar to those
employed by the government, and by
trained forcsters, who receive their edu-
cation i'll ono of the eight higher and sev-
oral lower schools of forestry which the
various governments have established
Tho several states differ In their laws
regarding forest property. OF tho pri-
Hato forests 10 per cont are without any
control whetcvcr, while 80 per cent arc
subject TO supervision, SO far rs clearing
and devastation are concerned.
Tho tendency on the part of tho gov
eminent has been rather toward persua-
sivc measures Thus in addition to buy
ing up or acquiring by exchange and re-
lIttP 1n,,1 lie
| acres have been SO rcforested during tho
last 20 years--the government gives as
sistancc to private owners in reforesting
their waste land. During the last 10
years 5000. 900 was granted in this way.
In Austria, by n law adopted in 1862,
not only arc the state forcsts-compris-
ing loss THAN 30 per cent of tho total
forest arca-r"tionally managed, and
til" management of the communal for
Cst'--l'cnriY 40 per ccnt--offlcially su-
pcrvisHd, but private owners-holding
about ~ lrr cunt--aro prevented from
devastating, their forest property to tho
dCtrin'nj Of adioincrS. No clearing for
agricultural us, can bN made without
tn" C.NScnl of tho district authorities,
1'roNa which, however, al appeal to q
civ judge Is possible, who adjusts tho
conf 81 ii,tci, SIS.
NY cleared or cut forest must DO ro-
plm.,rt or res, cdcd within five years
On sandy soils AID mountain sides clear
in. j. forbidden, and only culling of the
rjp' ;Dn)r.r IS allowed.
lii J!uNg0ly, also, where liberty of
private property rights and strong OBJ,
! iGc'iuu to government interference had
/
ton set i'll some 5 years ago, which lee
! - the law ot 1850, giving the state con
rrol OF lriv0tc forest property as in Aus
triN.
U"d"r 4 law adopted in Italy in 1885,
the @-uM-Elont Of agriculture, in coop
cr.';on Wj'h the department OF public
NoH.:. ANIL III consultation with tho for
cStll committee of tho province and the
respective owners, is to designate the
territory which for public reasons must
hr Tu.rr>StCd under governmental con.
trv..
Chs cWUc,S may associate themselves
T." q purpose Of reforestation and for
tGn purpose may thcn borrow money nj
L." "t ~. from tho State Soil Credit
'...oN thC forest department. con-
t4uulEg thrcc-GithS Of tho cost of re-
io2-.;ac!on upon condition that the work
is UuMc according to its plans and within
In" time specified by tho government.
III Russia until lately liberty to cut,
burn, destroy and dovastato was unre-
stricted, but in 1883 n comprehensive
and we'll considered law cut off, so far
as this can bc dono on paper, this liberty
Of wanda lism. For autocratio Russia
1 l,,
turc of Il compromise between commu-
nal and private interests, in which much
if not all depends Oh the good will of
tho private owner.
a federal law was adopted in Switzer-
land i'll 1876 which gives tho federation
control over the forests Of the mountain
region embracing eight entire cantons
and parts Of seven others, or over 1 900, .
600 acres Of forest. The federation itself
does not own any forest land, and the
cautons hardly 100, 900 acres, somewhat
| over pcr cent Of tho forest area, two.
thirds Of which is held in communal
ownership and the rest by private OWL
| erS.
The federal authorities have supervi-
| sion over all cantonal communal and
. Pii''c l'lcS'S' ~ iul us lllcy arc Plo'
tCctiVC forests but tho execution of the
/ law rests with tho cantonal authorities
! under tho inspection Of federal officers.
IN France not only does tho state man.
! nGc its own forest property, one-nintl>
! Of the forest area, in approved manner,
and supervise tho management Of for.
/ eSts belonging TO communities and Other
publ" institutions, double tho area OF
state forests, in manner similar to the
regulation OF forests III Germany, but il
eAlcnda jt3 control over the largo area of
! private forests hy forbidding any clear
1ng except with tho consent Of tho forest
administrations on.--Ccntury Magazine.
Il Great Scheme.
'|rribblo has q great scheme on