davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
The History OF Irom- Making.

Iron was used before history was written.
The stone records of Egypt and the brick
hooks of Nineveh mention it. Genesis (ix.,
22l refers 10 Tubal-cai as IAN instructor Of
every artificer in brass and iron," and in
Deuteronomy (iii., III the bedstead Of the
gisnt Og was "a bedstead of iron." The
gslleys of Tyre and Sidon traded in this
metal; Chinese records ascribed to 1000 B.
c. refer to IL Homer speaks of 1t as supe-
rior to bronze The bronze age came before
the iron aye. because copper, found as
nearly pure metal, easily fuses, and with
ano,her soft metsl-tin or zinc-alloys into
hard bronze; while iron. found only as an
ore. mus, have the impurities burnt and
hammered out by great heat and force be-
fore it can be made into tool. The word
sonstimes translated "steel" in our Bible
really means bronze or brass, but steel was
,liStinctivrly known TO the latter ancienis.
Pliny the elder wrote in the first century Of
our era: "Howbri a. many kinds OF iron
4, there he, none shall match in goodness
he steel that CONES froUl the Seres lChinesel,
for this commodity also. as hard ware as it
i, they send aud sell with their soft silks
nd fine furs. In second degree Of good.
ie,s is The Parthian ironn Asia probably
made more iron and steel thirty centuries
.gn than it dos to-day. About the time Of
the fret 0iympiad, 776 b c., there is au-
henlic record Of the use of iron in Greece.
md Lycurgus used il for the money OF
sparta. Iron and steel weapons OF war be-
san to di-place those of bronze before the
hnttle of Marsihon. The Romans learned
iron making from the Greeks and the
E ru.can-, their mysterious and highly civ
llzrd neighbors, and obtained iron largely
rom Corsica, where mines bad been worked
rom the prehistoric periud. The Roman
l.yinnarie, found in Spain steel weapons OF
lie finest temper. and Diodorus says that
he weapons of the Celliberians were 30
,.en that there il no helmet or shield
,hich cannot I've cut through by them. =
rolelnm (now Toledo) was then as famous
.nr il. sword blades as afterwards in the
Middle Ages. Gear found the painted
iriron- fighting with spear-h heads Of bronze,
,u, wenring armIets of iron, and remains OF
pre- Ruman i"ges are still found in Eng
and aud Males. The Germans knew the
IT of .word forging. and their legends OF
lwarf. and troll. with magic swords point
- an earlier people, adopts in mining and
ueialIurgy. Harpe's Magazine.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
Tie Jefferson Co. Mutual
Fire Insurance Company.
ESTABLISHED 1873.
Office. Gibson Building, Courthouse yard,
CharleStOwn.

OFFERS to the people of Jefferson County,
" Insurance in a safe Company at the actual
cost OF insurance, which is much cheaper than
the rates usually charged, aud keeps the money
at home Good risks from responsible parties
are invited.
Executive Committee meets every Friday.
DIRECroRs-Jos Trapnell, Henry b. Daven-
port. J. Garland Hurst, John W. Rider. W. II.
r. Lewis f. Preston Chew. VIM. l. Wilson,
Eugene Baker, 5. w. Washington, II. l.. Snyder
Charles p. Wilson, Jshn II. little. Jacob ,.
Melvin. +. G. W Herr. isaac H. Strider.
JOS. TR APN Ell .... reslutiit.
II. B. DAVENPORT.......... .......... ......... Treasurer.
Executive CoMMITTEE-J. & Hurst. VIM.
H. T. Lewis, Eugene Baker. Isaac II. Strider,
JOS. Trapnell. = w. Washington.
Local .-Middleway-J. G. Shirley;
Harpers Ferry-Chas E. Trail Shepherds
town.. 5. Fleming; CharlestOwn-Washing-
ton & Alexander.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04

Col. Breckinridge is now serving bis 9TH
term in Congress and is close to 60 years
old. lie has family Of grown mp children,
three rirls. one Of whom is married, residing
in sisunton, Va, and two boys, one law
yor aiding in The defence of bis father
The Other, named for bis grandfather, Rob-
eu J. B,eckinridge, is Of wild disposition.
Boil. M lie il known. got into frsquent diff
.uni,s, and figured IN newspaper artichs.
Ju-t before the breaking out Of the Breck-
inridg, Pollard scandal Dob got on spree
aud ind -esersl fights. Col. Breekibridge
r.I,grsrh,d ID, fla from Washington to put
hlm ~ Jail sid keep him there until he re-
turn,d, which Instructions were followed
IL w-s d, cid, to send Bob on sea voyage,
aud ju-t a. he was boarding vessel at San
Francisco lie read sn account oi bis fathers
dorngs with Mis- Pollard, and wired bis
brotber. D,sha Put the old man IN jail
and keep him until ] return, three years
hence"
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
xirsiuia FREE grtss
TERMS:
TERMS:

1s-TsE FREE PErss is published weekly at
reo Dollars Per AaRunl i paid "a Gdsanes.
rs-The terms of advertising are, fora 50 gare
o-e-i,cb1 o. less One Dollar ard Fgly Cents
or three insertions-larger ones m the same
Proportion. Each continuance Fifty Cents;
1S-No advertisement 70 be considered by
,bs month or wear unless specified on the man
iscript, or previously agreed between the par
ties.
rsy-An advertisement not marked on the
COPY for specified number Of insertions VIII
be continued until ordered out, and payment
will be exacted accordingly.
kB-REoULAR ADvEErIsEMENrs.-lo aVd0
snv misunderstanding on the part Of the an
nual advertisers it is proper TO state distinctly
tbat their privilege only extends 20 their I'M
mediate business Real Estate, Legal or other
ADVERTISEMENTS sent by them to be an addlt'oh-
Al charge, and no variation. H.,
rs-0bisusry notices Of more than FIVE lines
will be charged for.
JOB WORK. Posters. Sale E.-is cifo1.ais,
Caris etc, executed promptly, neatly and a.
fair prices.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
Determining the Age IF Trees.

81 have been called upon in court fire..
quenily to pass upon the age of trees, IN
order to decide as Ia lhe date Of land
survey" said DR.. J. T. Rolhrock, The
State forester. The other day. 81 cannot
say that the rings of tree are certain
indication of lis age, although the com
m n belief is HAT a tree makes ring
every year. remember very impor
rant case in New jersey where great
deal depended on determining The
exac year Of survey. One ride based
its care upon the fact that section OF
tree had been chipped at the lin'e
Of the survey showed that it had
afltrvsrd grown certain number oi
riugs. To show The iallacy Of such al
argument, pr duoed a s,cion OF anoIl'
er tree clipped duriI Z The 'ame 'uivey
which. When cut in lslf, had more rings
un une side than upon The olhtr. askec
Why one ali should be Isken any more
lhan tie mlu 10 dtieInihe lie sge %
the Tree. Il had eiIl,r oIIy ade bal
ring or a ring and a half some one year
Trees nay make DO rings some years
while in Others they make Two. ! bay'
known of carts in Ihe tropics where the,
have made three or four rings annually.
i utsturg Dispatch.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
The Poef,s Sorfroamn.

Kiss" I'll, m,s TO bliss in fact as well as
we're.
And iii" with pill" and worse" with
'hoarse
IN fact aud ver,e. we find complete recoroy"
Rhym.s best will" Golden Medical Discovery"
For driving oui scroiuous and all other
siur- of the blood, ,Ertilying the constitution
,gaiii,t lung scrnlula or consumption, Tor
strengthening digestive organs and invig-
rating the entire system by sending streams
+ pure blood through all the veins-there
i norhing equal to DR.. Pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery. II j. the only guaran'
'ced Blood. Liver and Lung remedy sold.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
The Fair ODheffn.

Il thought thy bride-bed 10 have decked
sweet maid.
And not to have strewed thy grave"
Thr Dani-h qu~'n wa> not an exemplary
wife. but Wa uuubllesr slnc-nt ~ her grir'
nj Ophrli.'S d,alh In every land we 80
tue ,urr-t nnd -wrriest nf Ewes daughter
gathered to orArly graves. A eriert'y relia
hle cure tor female complaints Il DR..
PI-rcr'- FavoriIe PIe-cTipri"n. a medicine
bryund nll prni-e, which has SAVE d many +
\, ung lie illesirmd by The in>Idi"us rp.
prnnch oi dlsta-e. For chronic irn'aIe d' :
ra.g.m,nis. weak bhck, la-~i'uIe. nervous
ne~~ aud pn"r appetite. il il without nr
eqnal; g.rerdus trnic. ~ sTie nrrvine
purely vegetable. and ig0rrdHfcoi I" give .ai.
i.facii"n. or the price Isl 00l refunded =
This ru rantee is always adhered 10. Oi
druggists.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04

The largest ibearer in The world is the
rev Opera House in Paris. 1t covers
nearly three acres of ground, It's cubic
mass is 4 2S7 600 feet. and the edifice
cost about 10000 900 francs.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
Hats ReHOUGted.

Mrs Fannie Fleming is prepared 10 renovate
gentlemeu's silk o. felt hats promptly and at
msderate rates. Call at her residence. east side
If Charles street. south Of Congress.
May 3. 1898
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04

A young man at Homestead. Pa, has
wagered $50 that he can smoke seven pack
ages Of cigarettes every day for six months,
making total Of 1900 in the period
named.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
Just Received.

have just received nice supply Of caisup,
Mustard and Horseradish. Also Hayden
Easter Dyes,-four cOlorS for cents.
W s. MERCHANT.
April 1s, 1892.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04

MANY Persons are broken
dOsn from oyerwork or household cares.
Browns Iron Bitfers Rebuilds the
item. aids digestion. removes excess OF pne'
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
House for Rent.

A comfortable and convenient house on Lib
erty street. with good cistern. stable ana nee
eSsary outbuildings. large shade trees and ani-
pie front yard garden. chicken ward, &c. Pos
session given immediately. Apply 10
JAMES NJ. MASON, or
JAMES NJ. MASON, JE.
March :. 1894.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04

IF T0UR BEcH EJHEs,
Or Won are all worn out reilly god To- no.
ing. II Is general debility. II
RROWv,S TIrON EETTERE-
Rvin cure you. cleanse ycri hvsF' sSo e
good eYPsttte
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04
For Rent or Sale.

wish TO rent or sell my house. Please aP-
ply on the premises for terms.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04

Fire INSURANCE company.
ETNA, OF HARTFORD,
the largest and most popular Fire Insurance
Co. in America.
Etna Life Insurance Co., of Hartford,
(Liie and Accidentl.
Phoenix, of Hartford.
Virginia Fire aud Marine, of Richmond.
Georgia Home, OF Columbus, Ga.
Continental, Of New York.
Peabody, of Wheeling.
German, of Wheeling.
Jefferson, of Wheeling.
Fire and Marine, vi Wheeling.
Manchester Fire lns. Co., ol England.
Liverpool and London and CLIQUE, Oi England
the largest foreign Company dong business III
America.
Fire Association. of Philadelphia
Hamburg Bremen Fire Ins. Co., of Germany.
AGENTS:
Us. FLEMING, Shepherdstown
JAS. w. LEAGUE Middleway.
CHAS. II. TRAIL, Harpers Ferry.
A sworn statement vi the conditions of all
Foreign Insurance Companies represented III
this Agency will be found at the Clerk Oihce'
IN compliance with State laws. All losses
promptly adjusted and paid at our office.
Respectfully,
WASHINGTON & ALEXANDER,
February II, 1855.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1894-04-04

Aprills ise2
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
rh. In1l..... Il.. r,n.ln...-

One of our ladies, unable to go t0 town as desired on a certain Satur, lay afternoon. decided to ask the In iian boy who drove the herlic to do some er-rgunds for her She wrote two netes, oIBe to the dressmaker and the other to the grlcer. But on sec. ing driver new at the business on duty, afie fearing that he could not lind both places in town. she tore mp the note to the grocer, as she thought, and gave the Indian hoy the other, telling him to go to Miss --, the aressmaker, with it.
 The boy, who was able to read, saw that the note he held was for the grocer, so Co the grocer he went and got the articles wanted.
 On his return to the lady she was much surprised to see macarom and cheese instead og the dress she had sent for and asked the boy how h. got them without money.
 "Oh, replied the boy, Il charge D
 But have no account therc, 20 said the lady.
 Well, l charge anyhow"
 When the lady went a few de after to pay the bill, she found that the groceries had been charged to the dreSsmaker. Carlisle (Pa) In dian Helper.
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
Collar of Honor For Noble por..

In France there exists an order of merit founded by the Society For the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals of which the members are dogs who have distinguished themselves by deeds of bravery. A tastefully de signed collar of honor" Is awarded to the nominees of the order Among the animals already decorated in this way one of the most celebrated Is Bacchus, 6 large bulldog, whose spe- cialty it is to stop runaway horses by jumping up and seizing them by the bride. Bacchus' master resides in the Rue Biscornet 1t Is calculated that the intelligent beast has already saved the lives of eight persons, if not more. in this way. Pataud, an other bulldog, received a collar in 1887 for saving his mistress from the attack of footpad, and Turk, a splendid Newfoundland, has had Q similar honor for saving three young children from drowning on different occasions. ns.-Westminster Gazette.
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
Elusive SsIlabIes.

A crowning specimen of ludicrous helpleSsness in the face of elusive syllahles is that of the unfortunate speaker who, at pathetic point of his address, when his hero was about to undergo a heartrending parting from home and friends, uttered in his most melting voice:
 "Biddy, diddy"-
 He stopped confused, flushed. set his mouth and tried again, with a difficult resumption of the interrupt ed pathos:
 "Diddy, biddy"-
 Something was wrong still He grew scarlet, psrspired and gasped forth third attempt, not more intel igible. His hearers could none of them interpret it. It might be high German, or it might be a Mother Goose refrain;
 "Diddy, hiddy, biddy dooi"
 The situation was desperate, but the persistent orator rallied, paused until he had fully recovered his self control, and trying once more, with slow utterance and distinct enuncia- hon, conquered at length the simple phrase which had overthrown him. He said:
 Did he bid adieuf-Youth's Com panion.
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
HisIarCe Family.

"Yes," said the principal of the young ladies seminary to the proud parent, you ought to be very happy, my dear sir, to be the father of so large family, all the members of which appear to be devoted to one another. Large family! Devoted v gasped the old gentleman in amaze ment. What on earth do you mean, ma'amT Why, yes, indeed, said the principal, beaming through her glasses, mo fewer than II of Rates brothers have been here this winter to take her to the theater, and she tells me she expects the tall one with the blue eyes again tomorrow. "-Ex- change.
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
TIME -:- TABLE

Rss The GrAnd CAnyon of the U0-5Fs7i the AlS most sublime of Nature's work oH uarsh indeecrthable, can easily be reached via FEa,,sta NiliiAms or Peach springs on this ruai. w-F. To the Natural Bridge of Arizona and S-S Montezuma's We'll you oAn journey mosf directly by this route.
 P Qhserye the Aneient Indian civilization 4-S of LalsunA. or 0f AcOma, ''Ihs City of the Sky"
 REP Visit the Pesrifes Forest near Carizo. 1~S ose snd Marvel at the freak of Canyon
 p Take hunting trip in the magnificent b~c pine forests of the San FrNnciseo nloun- tAins. Find interest in the Ruins of the Prehis- toric Cave and Clin Dwsllers
 aP View the longsst Cantilever Hrides ln 9~S America. aersss q sCOIorA10 River. n. S. VANSYLCK. WA. RESELL.
 5en. Aeent Gen. Pass Ag't. Albnquerque, N M. San Francisco. Cal ant
 IT. R. GABEL. General supSfinfsrr.snt.
 ALBUQUERQUE. N- N
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
A EuxTier,

What a methodical fellow you are, Dobbs r said Filkins, who had stepped into Dobbs' office during the latter absence.
 Why, what do you mean l' echoed Dobbs.
 ''To think that you should lock all your drawers up when you are only going out for five minutes. 'Iisnt likely that anybody would meddle with your papers.
 of course not" replied Dobbs, but how did you find out that the drawers were locked df"-Boston Wom ans Journal.
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
q. First publication. Mar
Forfeiture Nusn
To Clark cherehin, your hsiz 's

To Clark ChErchih, youf hsifs 1l
 reresens stivez
 You are hereby notified lhal e who are cO-owners with yon in tea Three North mining ciain, AsEs sum of one hundred dollars n ] proyements upon the sud mlzzes4 expenditures and improvemeae 1 us in the year ies'S. in compllaasl q States mining lzWE. requirInz E tures to be made on mining e.zl-s
 The said Davis Number fhre < claim extends ls0o feet in leEeta 2 along tho vein snd is situziel- Mining District, in the C0gni{ q ritory of Arizona. a reeort q z said Davis Number Ihree A0ia e made in the record Of nines ia E County Recorder of said izE1lE Book H. s, page Hi2
 And you are hereby further n.4 the expiration of Dinsty tlAys aI.i ton of this notice. you fail ef bute or pay to us your prcpa1a'1t diture<. together with the cosf q of this nosite. the interest oI s, Number Three Nor,h miEinE si's faited and become the r7olfS signed. n. W. Oll%
 RASHFORD z a.t
 prazroff Eahruarr 1. fah
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
Application for a Pa
US. LASDcn praarnff Arsron. N..I@

Prescott. Ariz0na. Na,st
 Notice Is hereby given that R. Ht Birmingham. E. r. Hsyion and aI by William Herring, AttoraeF "a < pOstoffce address is Iombsona K this day hlcsi his apnlicafios fa9ae e hundred and fiIty-tWO i633 EeS. COUGAR lode. mine or yein. and silver, with surface Grunni f600l feet in width. sitnaied in Issr, trict. county of lsVapai and Iar zona. and designated by the s official plat on file in this ofhre Der HI, s&sd Survey number fffi as follows. tO wit.
 BeginniDg at Corner No l, e sa incbes, chiseled i-llll whence s,s N1S corner ef see a, townshipla H subdiviIiea. bears \ i6deg 0s mic,f ner No. 2 Eclipse lcsie lpatented ,> 2i deg l5 HliR W lis feet. fteaa min r 6f3 feet to corner No. 1aa I2xs ins marked 2-iiif Ihis a a Eclipse lode. Ihence S 67 dege ni. cor No. 8, a granite stone loxs iss sIz Thence S 3t deg t5 min W 6s1 fe.is (. a granite stone l2xs lns t11e Thence S B7 deg 0 min VI Sll fsel ES and place of beginning and fornllIs of the NE iE of sec B twp 70 Nkit Salt RiveF Meridian.
 Magnetic variation is deg 6 ninl { 65-l0o acres.
 The location Of this miile AA fefts Re- urtler's office of lavapai Co .1.1 book Si of mines on pages stS 4 joining claimants are upon tla g4. lode lot No. 29, patented te H. M@ & Co.,, and upon the south by Cd z If F. S. Junior.
 Any and all persons claiming 4 portion of said Cougar mine Or sat are required to ila their adverse Ga Register of the United StStes La Prescott. in the County ot faFApz sixty days period of publication n will be barred by virtue ei tls e the Statute.
 H. D. Ross
 First publication. March it lSl
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
onlonsl nucL kiIrors,. Story.

Major Wintersmith rushed into General Hanson's room one day in 8 state of great mental disturbance, said Colonel Kilgore of Texas.
 General, he exclaimed, "a man out here in the hall stopped me just now and took me for you.
 He didP said Hanson. I'll go out and kill him
 "Oh, don't trouble yourself about that, replied the major. I've killed him already. Washington Post
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
SUMMON

In the District Court ef
 Judicial District.
 Arizona, County of Yam
 Erba Carpenter. pIsiss
 versus
 Edgar J. CarpenteF, Dsls.s
 Summons Nc. zlz Action brought in the Disfsici e.
 Fourth Judicial Dstrict. i,~
 County of Yayapai, Tarns
 zona.
 The Territory of Arizona send q Edgar J. Carpenter.
 YoG are hereby summoned s to appear iE an action bruughi by the above named plaintia a as Court of the Fourth Judicial and for the County of Yavapai ritory of Arizona. and answer Ca. filed with the clerk of this Goa colt, in said c0uuig ten days, lexclusive of the da5 after the service upon you of thia if served in this county; bat | nr of the county and within the dss within twenty days; where psssa of a copy of this summons anda made out of the Territory, af publication is made as provit within twenty days after fhe thereof; m all other eases thirsl And you are hereby notinei fail to appear and answer the s~ above required. the plaintia ment by default against yOu d disbursements in this behall e .s Given under my hand and s lsEALl Court, at Prescott ss
 March. X. D., ls4
 A. J. husm c. By Mm; Wilkerson, Deputy K. E. MORRISON, Attorney G f,r
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25

The Harqua Hala superinte ndent's report for February says that the face is all in ore of a milling value of SIS per ton. The new shaft Is now down PIP feet. The station has been cut and timbered at the sixth level and a trip plat excavated. This completes the work in connec- ton with the new shaft to the pres ent deepest level of the mine; the old shaft is entirely abandoned, and all hoisting is now done through the new shaft. In the Golden Eagle group the main tunnel has been advanced B feet through ouartzite. Small seams or strlngers have been encountered few inches wide. The assay values vary from S2 to S1O per ton in free gold.
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25
Democrats Indorss . Republican Policy.


 The democrats of the House of Representatives have at last reached the very sedsible conclusion that Congressman Reed was right when, as Speaker in the Fifty-frst Con- gress, he insisted upon counting a quorum. The Democrats, for par y reasons, have bitterly attacked the policy of Mir. Reed, but there never was any question in the minds of unprejudiced, sensible men that he was correct, from a logical stand point, in the position he took.
 The change of front by the Demo cracy disproves the correctness of the last objection they had to offer to the Republican policy of the Fifty-6rst Congress. Every other act of that Congress they have in- dorseed. In the Wilson bill they recognized the correctness of the principle of protection, only they have sought to make it local instead of general. By the amount of the appropriations Of the Fifty-frst Congress, which exceeded those of it's predecessors, they acknowledged that their cry of "a Billion Dollar Congress" was simply made to de- ceive the people and catch lvotes; and now they recognize the fact that the Republican Speaker was not an arbitrary czar, but logical, sensible man.
Arizona weekly journal-miner., 1894-04-25

An exchange says Breckenridge s determination to give the people of Kentucky an opportunity of letting him know what they think of him would seem to be more courageous thon discreet. He may attach to much importance to the fact that Conkling lost none of his popularity in New York by reason of having been chased bG an enraged husband and a shot gun.