St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1894-03-29

No relief came until the protective
act OF 1924. Among those who voted
for that much-needed measure were
| such we'll known Democrats as Andre w
Jackson, senator from Tennessee;
| Thomas Ii. Benton, senator from Mis-
souri,; Martin Van Buren,. senator from
| New York: James Buchanan, repre-
sentative from Pennsylvania, Richard
Nj. Johnson, senator from Kentucky;
Louis McLain, representative from
| Maryland; Gen. Sam Houston, repre-
tentative from Tennessee, and after
ward senator from Texas. 1t will be
observed that in this group are
THREE DEMOCRATIC STATESMEN
who subsequently became president OF
| the United States, as well as one that
| became vice president, Richard Nj.
| Johnson, of Kentucky. All gave their
ardent support to this protective tariff
measure, and there was as yet no sec
| tiOnaliSm manifest in our industrial
| legislation.
| In 1928 the tariff was still further In
creased. Again most OF these same dis
! tinguished Democrats, including Siias
| Wright, of New York, one Of the ablest
| leaders or that party in the country,
| voted for it. The names of no faWer
| than five gentlemen who subsequently
| became president are recorded III the
yeas and nays OH the passage Of this
| bill. Martin Van Buren,. William
| Henry Harrison and James Buchanan
voted for It. and John Tyler and James
| *. Folk against IL.
| But the change of position of Mr..
| Calhoun ana his followers eventually
| found expression in the compromise
| tariff of 1888. This continued i'll force
| for about ten years, and, while it Gained
| the excitement i'll the South occaSlOned
| by the notification episode of 1892, it
| at length produced the great financial
| crisis of 1887, a period of distress almost
| equal TO that which preceded the enact
ment of the tariff OF 1924. Many of our
| Older citizens recall with a Shudder
| the hardShips aud privations which
were endured throughout the country
from 1897 to 1912. They justly attributed
| the prevailing distress TO the tariff of
/ 1888, and when opportunity came, as it
| did i'll 1910, they overthrow and drove
from power in all branches of the gov
| ernment the party responsible for it.
As a result Of this
| GREAT REVOLUTION,
on Aug. 30, 1912, President Tyler re-
| luctantly gave his assent to another
great protective law. known as the
tariff OF 1872. IL passed the house of
representatives on July IL, by the mar
| Low VI ioui y iiO >
| nays, ll2. 1t included among its sup
porters such able leaders as Garrett
| Davis. of Kentucky; Willard Fillmore,
of New York; Thomas Morris and
| Nathaniel Pendleton. OF Ohio, and
Richard W. Thompson, OF Indiana. 1t
passed The senate by the bare majority
OF but a single vote-yeds, "a; nays, %.
| Among its most active supporters were
such men as Richard ii. Bayard, James
| Buchanan, Rufus Choaie, John J.
CrIttenden. William l.. Dayton and
Silas Wright. The law raised the coun-
| try from the depths of financial depri-
vatlUn and distress to a condition of
confidence and prosperity such as 1t had
not known Slice the repeal of tile tart If
| Of 1928. SO well recognized was this
| fact, and SO widely popular was the
! new law. that IN the presidential cleo
ton of 1874 the Democrats in the close
| Northern states were as earnest and
| outSpOken advocates Of a protective
tariff as the supporters Of Henry Clay.
Their candidate fer the presidency, Mr..
! Polk, to be sure. had voted against
| protective measures i'll congress, but on
the other hand. their candidate for vice
| president, George NJ. Dallas, had been
most pronounced supporter of them.
| LARGELY through the influence of Mr..
| Dallas and his friends. Pennsylvania
was kept
IN THE DEMOCRATIC COLUMN
and the election of Polk ISSUED. But
that once accomplished Mr.. Polk called
| Into his cabinet, as secretary OF the
treasury. Robert j. Walker, a WE'LL
known free trader. then senator from
| Mississippi. Mr.. Walker at once as
sailed the protective law given to the
country by the Wing congress, and with
Mr. Folks active assistance not only
secured its repeal, but the enactment
| of the free-trade law of 1916. This WAS
not done, however, without disagree
inent in the cabinet and 4 heated con-
Test i'll congress. The vote of the house
| on July 3, 1916, resulted yeas ia, nays
IS. OF those voting in the negative
twenty-ome were from the South,
Including such leaders as Garrett
Davis, of Kentucky. Meredith P.Gentry,
of Tennessee, James Graham, Of North
| Carolina, John S. Pendleton, of Viz
ginia, and Robert Toombs and Alex
ander Ii. Stephens. of Georgia. These
able men joined heartily with such
prominent and no less distinguished
political leaders of the North as John
Quincy Adams, George Ashmun and
ROBERT G. Winthrop, or Massachusetts
Charles }. lngersoll and James Black.
of Pennsylvania; Jacob COllamer, OF
Vermont; Caleb B. Smith, of Indiana;
! Washington Hunt, of New York, and
Columbus Deiano. Robert &. Schenck,
Joshua K. Giddings. Samuel F. Vinton
and Joseph Vance, of Ohio, i'll every
effort to retard and defeat the pending
bill. In the senate the contest is
STILL MORE MEMORABLE.
Vice President Dallas proved recrean'
to his ott-eXpresSed convictions, and
gave the casting vote i'll favor OF the
pending measure. The test vote was
taken on July %, 1876. Twenty-seven
senators voted for the bill anG
twenty seven against it. OF those vot
ing III the affirmative seventeen were
from Southern and ten from Northern
states. In the negative vote the mum
beers from the different sections were
exactly reversed. seventeen from the
North and ten from the South. For thu
first time in the history Of tariff legisla
ton the country seemed TO have divided
. on sectional lines, yet even i'll thi
ferce struggle many of the strong
est leaders of the South St0OC
side by side with Daniel Webster
, Thomas Corwin, George Evans ant
Simon CamerOn,in eloQuently upholdIn,
the cause OF protection. Among then
were such men as John Nj. Berren, o
| Georgia; the Claytons, of Delaware
Reverdy Johnson. of Maryland; Willie
) p. Mangum. of North Carolina, ant
5 John j. Crittenden. OF Kentucky. Thu
bill was promptly signed by Presiden
Polk. but in direct appeal to thu
5 country i'll 1913 it was repudiated by TIL
[ people in the election OF Gen. Taylo
5 to The presidency. Still the WIFI
victory was not sufficiently decisive t
secure
: CHANGE IN THE TARIFF,
: and other questions crowded to tn
front and imperatiyely claimed publ
!; attention. SO it TRANSFERRED that Their
e was no further legislation OH the sut
ject until the enactment known as tn
tariff of 1857. By this law the dutie
were reduced to lower point than the
had been at any time since the war @
e 1912. The direct result of the passag
e was the disastrous financial panic whic
y soon after swept over the country an
;, Frustrated every department Of bus