The record-union., 1894-03-02

lorna, and not to any one portion Of 1t.
But the people OF the south We're first to
attract the attention Of the East by their
wonderful enterprise and highly COM
mendable local effort, as well as by the
intrinsic merit of the region. and natu-
rally they wished to reap the reward.
Having spread the feast, they directed the
guests where TO find ii, and Southern
California became necessary as descrip
ton. All the tinger-bOards nailed up at
the Eastern crossroads were inscribed,
ITO Southern California;
Necessarily and inevitably all the rest
OF the State became Northern California.
Much as this nomenclature may be de-
plOred, it is now fixed uDOn and INSOFAR
able from the respective regions. And
with a correct knowledge OF the climate
and productions Of the two portions of
the State, it is a matter OF Indifference
what they are called.
The counties that constituted them
selvess ssSouthern California were Los An
geies, San Diego, San Bernardino, santa
Barbara and Ventura. Two counties
have since been carved out OF these
Orange and Riversida-but the general
territory continues the same. The re-
naming torty-nine counties constitute
Northern California.
In point Of area these southern counties
contain % per cent. OF the area Of the
State; in population, 16S per cent. Cen
sus, lS90.)
TREE PLANTING AN INDEX OF CLIMATE.
AS an index of climate, it will be OBJ
served that in Shasta County, nearly 800
miles north Of San Diego, there were
twenty-siX acres of orange trees growing;
IN Iehama County, next south, were fiji
teen acres, and in Butte County, the next
south. 2,664 acres; in Placer, Yuba, SUIT
ter, COluSa and Glenn, the next group,
and about same latitude, there were 532
acres; in Sacramento County, l95. Fol-
lowing south through the valley region
oranges are found growing in every
country in acre plantations. Ii will sur
prise many people to know that there
were more orange trees growing QS92)
in Butte County, 40 miles north of San
Diego, than in the three southern counties
Of san Diego, Santa Barbara and Ventura
combined. This ought to set at rest all
previous controversies about the climate
OF the two regions.
There are other of the fruit tree plant
ings given in the tables that also show the
parallel lines of equal temperature; for
example, the raisin, almond, prune, olive
and tig.
OF the 81, ,222 acres of raisins in the State,
9,3S2 acres are in Southern California.
Tulare County has more acres, and
Fresno County nearly five times as many
as in all Of Southern California.
OF the 9,220 acres Of almonds, 72S acres
are in the south.
OF the 49,626 acres Of prunes, {, ,234 acres
are IN the south. Santa Clara County has
more acres than all Southern California.
More than half Of the olives planted in
the State 1881 acres) are in Northern
California; in the county of Butte there
are 100 acres, nearly the acreage of Santa
Barbara County, where EIwood Cooper
has made the State famous by his olive
oil.
OF the ), 231 acres of figs, more than half
are in Northern California.
The rapid development of this indus
try, from 546 carloads shipped out of the
State in 1880, to y ,329 shipped out in 1893,
has attracted attention throughout the
Unlted States and in many foreign couu-
tries. Our products have visibly affected
the commerce Of Spain, Italy, France.
Germany, Turkey and Greece, not to
mention the islands of the south seas and
Mexico. We have nearly driven the for
eign raisins from the American market;
we have reduced the imports of prunes
more than One-half; we have largely dis
placed foreign wines; we shall in time
supply the almonds, Walnuts, figs, olives
and olive oil, and with Florida, the
oranges and lemons, to be consumed in
this country.
And what is more important than all
else, we shall give, as we are now giving,
to the consumers fruits at lower prices
that they have ever been in former years.
DANGER OF ALLEGED OVER-PRoDUCTIoN
CONSIDERED.
But this rapid growth has brought with
it the question or possible Over-produc-
ton, and also the resulting question, VIII
the business continue to be profitable?
These may be answered together, for if
we cannot Over-produce there will be a
market, and that secures the profit.
Let me briefly summarize the argu-
ments against these fears of Over-produc-
tiOn and consequent unprOlitableness.
First-Our population is increasing at
the rate of one million or more per an
mum, and at an increasing ratio. By, the
time the orchard-plantings Of 1894 all
come into full bearing, we shall have al
ready 100, 100000 mouths to supply.
Second-En Enlarged and new markets not
now exploited will be reached from year
to year. William Ii. Mills has shown, by
a study of the points of consignment of
our fruit, that we have so far reached only
about 100000 of the present population
This same gentleman has compiled an
interesting ana instructive table, show
ing consignments of fresh deciduous
fruits to certain cities, from which it ap-
pears that very large number of cities
having over %, 900 population each have
received no direct consignments, and
many no fruit at all.
\ committee, consisting Of Messrs. AL
fred Holman, b. y. howley and John
Isaac, appointed by the State Board of
Horticulture, have reported that the dis
! tricts in which our fruits are offered to
consumers are almost insignificant, when
compared with the wider districts where
fruit is wanted, but to which it never
goes" They give list of twenty-nine
cities of over $4,000 population each, TO
which no California fresh fruit is shipped
direct.
So it would seem that at least double
our present output could find a market
with our present population. if we will
only get the fruit TO them.
AS illustrating the rapid development
of table uses OF fruit, L refer to Census
Bulletin No. IS, for 1880. The first table
to New York City were fifty pounds in
1915. They went from the Lake keuka
District by the New York and Eric
Canal. The grower was encouraged to
send 200 pounds the next year, but broke
the market. 1t was estimated that in
1890 there went from the same dis
trict TO the leading cities of the East
20,0O0 tons for the table. The Hudson
River District was estimated to have sent
1900 tons: the Chautauqua District, 1900
tons; making $4,000 tons, or 5000 carloads
of table grapes.
Third-The factor of transportation lies
at the root of success. Gradually rates
have been reduced from Loo a car in
1876, to $500 car OF L tons for green and
S2SS car of L tons for dried fruits in
1893 TO New York, and less to Chicago.
Refrigeration has been introduced for