The Arizona sentinel., 1894-11-03

o the ella and Colorado ivers have foI the mos,
part deep sedmentary soil Of brownish, gray
! sandy 10 m, resting, in most places, upon gray
clay subsoi at de th of from zen to twenty feet
below the surface, The clay subsoil forms a hard
pan which is impervious to water. These soils have
been slowly formed by the decomposition OF shales,
sandstones, marls. limestones, etc. mixed with or
| glnic and vegetable matter, washed down by the
mighty rivers and have been gradually deposited
| during the course of centuries. The fertiiizng
| brownish mud held in the water Of the Colorado
and ella rivers resembles that from the Nile and
its quantity varies from O.I to O.5 per cent,
though the water when even considerably discolor-
ed by mud is good to drink, resembling in this
pect the Missouri river water \ henical analysis
of the sediments of the Colorado and of the Nile
| exhibits wonderful similarity in the constituent
parts of each. That of the Colorado exhibiting a
trife less potassa, most phosphoric acid and
bonade of limestone beds through which the Colo
RADIO passes In other respects the sediment of the
Colorado is almost identical with that of the Nile.
It will be noticed therefore, that when this water is
used for irrigation it is superior to artesan waters
since it is constantly supplying the land with the
richest fertzing elements. The soil of the valleys
is extremely rich in dedomposed vegetable matter
and uncoubined carbon, readily absorbing the
aerial gases, such especially, as oxygen, which
tering the soil, dccomposes the organic matters SO
that they can be taken up ami nourish the plants
which may be considered a leading featur3 in its
fertility 1t also readily takes up and retains
moisture while the frmness of its particles affords
every facility for percolation and the activity OF
capillary action. In is mechanical composition its
particles in a state of very fine division, which
renders it more productive than coarser soils 1t
acquires heat readily in the daytime, and the loss
of the heat at night is very gradual so that it re-
mains always warm and is not subject to sudden
changes of heat and cold Besides its essential con-
stituents of water organic or vegetable matter,
sand and clay, a chemical analysis shows that lime,
soda, magnesa, iron, ammonia and available forms
of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash enter into
composition in tn proportions best adapted TO
add to its fertility, though, OF course, is always
the case in soil analysis its composition varies in
different localities and is not always constant.
The soil of the upands. or mesas is lighter and
more gravelly and in some places of free, loamy,
calcareous character The mesa lands are warm and
generous. They seem especially adapted for the
grape, olive and citrus fruits generally. Their soil
contains more magnesia, lime or chalk than the
bottom lands 1t never cracks AMI retains moisture
admirably in summer 1t is of that character which
will produce a wine that will keep good for fifty or
a hundred years, and improve annually, not being
liable to sour, or on exposure to the air, after
year old, TO become turbd and change color in the
bottle glass.
We can safely say that the soil of Yuma County
can nowhere be surpassed, containing it does all
the essential elements of richness and fertility.