The morning call., 1894-08-19

that time on moral grounds. After the revOu.
ton statesmen from the North and from
the South deplored the introduction, by
their torefatherS, of slave labor, but looked
upon it as a necessary evil. AT the time OF The
framing of the constitution OF the United States
there were slaves In all of The cOlonlesi there
were upward OF 100000, chiefly in the South
eTn colonies. In the Northern States slavery
existed in so mild form and the number of the
slaves was so incOnsiderable that there was 4
jealousy among The Northern members OF the
convention against allowing the slave pOpuli-
ton 10 be taken int consideration as basis for
taxation or representation In the national Gov
eminent. AT one time things went so far that
the best friends Of the Union despalred of the
result; but at length compromise was settled
on by which in fixing the quota of taxation and
representation the entire body OF slaves was
allowed 20 come in. In proportion Of three-fifths
for every constituency, so that in the national
Government five slaves were TeckOned as three
white citizens.
NAVAL ACADEMY. B.. City. The appoint.
ments TO the Naval Academy at Annapolis are
through tile representatives TO Congress and
the President who appoints cadets at large.
The appointments are without cost to the sue
cessful applicants. and when they enter the
academy draw pay at the rate of $500 year,
commencing from the date of entrance, but
they are obliged 10 provide themselves with
various articles OF attire, and classroom. mess
and dormitory appurtenances, aggregating in
cost about 5000. Annually the sum of SEQ Is
deducted from their pay 10 meet the cost of the
graduation outfit. After leaving the academy
and while at sea In other than practice ships
the pay of cadets is $3.50 per annum. The
academic board annually separates the first
class Of cadets. then entering their fourth year,
into Two divisions. as they may have shown
special aptitude for the duties of the respective
corDS, and thereafter these cadets follow a
course of study specially prepared TO fit them
for service In the line OF the navy, the marine
corps and then IN the engineer corps. They
graduate cadets then iiabla n
ton in the following order: Ensign, lieutenant
junior grade, lieutenant, lieuteuant-com-
mauder, commander, captain, commodore, rear
admiral. The cost OF reaching the academy
from any given point depends upon the travel
ing facilities and the style in which the cadet
wants To travel.
CoPYRIGHT-G. H., East Oakland. A copy
right protects the work of an author for twenty
eight years, ana six months before the expira-
ton of the copyright 1t may be renewed by
the author or his widow or his children for
further term OF fourteen years, making forty
two years In all. During that time the article
so copyrighted cannot be used by another with
out the consent of the author unless he steals
the same, ana for so doing may be punished In
a suit for damages. number OF periodicals
are published and are copyrighted; in such
cases the entire work Is protected. Ii special
articles only either in newspaper or maya
zine are copyrighted then the rest becomes
general property and may be used by any one,
credit FOR the same DelOR gwen ellntr at the
head or foot of the article or In the body of II.
A number of magazines permit articles TO Be
published from their copyrighted publication
with the understanding that due credit shall
be given. If you have made 8 collection of
articles you desire 10 issue in book form you
must make sure that either they were not copy
riChted or that the copyright protection has eX-
pired. In order 10 be within the law it is al
ways best TO obtain the permission OF an author
or publisher of copyrighted article TO re-
produce the same. If its republication VIII nor
interfere with the authors or publishers pecu-
mary interest permission is In most cases
granted.
BOUNDARY OF CALIFORNIA-O. S., Oakland
Cal. The boundary of the State OF California
Is as follows: Commencing at the point of In
tersectiOn Of the forty-second degree of north
latitude with the one hundred and twentieth
degree OF longitude west from Greenwich. and
running south on the line OF said one hunured
ana twentieth degree OF west longitude until It
inIersects the thirty ninth degree OF north lati
tude; thence running in a straight line In a
southeasterly direction TO the river Colorado al
point where 1t mtersects the thirty-tifth de-
gree OF north latitude; thence down the middle
OF the channel OF said river TO The BOUNDARY
line between the United States and Mexico. az
estapllshed by the treaty of May 80. 1913 ;
tuence running west and along said BOUNDARY
line to the Pacific ocean, and extending fherei1
lhree Engsh miles; thence running In a north.
Westerly direction and following the direction
Oh tus acIfc coast to the forty-second deprpe
OF nor latitude; thence on the line of said
loIly-secOnd degree of north latitude to The
pace oil beginning Also including Ali the isI-
AM anus, DarooTs anu bays along and adjacent to
me coast This Is the boundary by lnetes and
bounds. geographically IL la bounded on the