davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
FARM, RANCH AND DAIRY.

trees, many orchardists, indeed, l think
a majority of them in Utah, irrigate
regularly through August, September
and October, ard note with pride the
remarkable growth the trees make.
But, alas, next spring the disaPpoint-
ment is bitter and the farmer too fire.
quently declares the trees too tender
for this climate. The truth is, the tree
is perhaps all right, but is murdered
by the forcing after the growing sea-
son in the summer
Throughout the delightful fall weather
so common in Utah, 1 have seen
trees grow seemingly up to Christmas.
Then comes a freeze, the watery
growth turns into ice and expands, the
bark swells and perhaps bursts, the
structure of the tree is destroyed and
next spring the top is shriveled and
black, no buds start. and the tree is
winter killed" or, more properly
speaking, has been murdered by its
owner To prevent to a very great de-
gree the danger of this winter killing
the following course should be pur-
sued: During August begin gradually
to reduce the water supply to all young
trees. In September give less than one
half of the water OF August, and in
October do not irrigate at all. Then
when a hard freeze is pretty certain,
turn on the water and thoroughly soak
the entire orchard. Follow this plan
and you will have few, If any, trees
winter killed either from being tender
of growth or from dry freezing in the
winter. OF course, bearing trees must
be Watered until the fruit is ripened,
but that is practically over before Oc-
tober begins
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
RYE E0R PksTIHAGE.

On this subject Hon. L. D. Coburn,
secretary of the state board Of agri-
culture of Kansas, says:
L have believed for twenty-five years
that most of us, in what is called the
west" did not sufficiently appreciate
the value of rye as a late fall and early
spring pasture crop. Where conditions
are at all favorable it furnishes an
astonishing quantity of rich, succulent
grazing just at the time of the year
when it is most relished and most need
ed by all kinds of farm animals, even
including poultry. 1t pieces out to
great advantage other food that may
ly agreeable to all the stock, it will
make poorly nourished COWS practical
ly double their milk in quantity and
quality. In fact, 1 have never seen in
Kansas a farmer 50 we'll fixed that a
good piece of rye pasture wasn't a
genuine bonanza to him. There has
never been season in all the central
West when something of the sort was
more of a comfort to its possessor than
it will likely be within the next nine
months Hence I would say to every
farmer who reads this do not fail to
SOW, and SOW early, Gin fact just as
per conditions) a goodly area of rye
for pasture. Don't sow it for grain,
but for pasturage; make the most of
it for grazing, and if eventually it also
yields some grain worth harvesting.
well and good. If you can't secure the
seed readily SOW wheat just as you
would the rye; if it is not plump, high
grade article, that will cut but small
figure. if sound. If of small or shrunk-
en- berry l would not sow less than five
pecks to the acre; if plump, a bushel
and a half would be none too much; at
all events, use plenty, and don't be
afraid of having too many acres. I
haven't discovered anything that was
a better regulator for pigs, the colts,
the calves, the cows, or the old blind
mare, than a good bite of green rye or
wheat It Is excellent in years of
greatest abundance; in years when
other feed is scarce or poor it is sim
ply ENTHUSIASTICALLY a benefaction.
Sow it with a drill, or broadcast, as
you think best, but do a good job, as
if you desired success and meant to
IocarNa III
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
WHY TREES WINTER KILL
BY J. A. Wright.

It is a broad assertion. vet If is
founded on fact, that 80 per cent of
the fruit trees that winter killr in
Utah might be saved.
With most farmers and even some
who profess to be fruit culturists. If is
customary to irrigate young trees right
along through the autumnal months
the same as in the spring. Nothing
could be more unwiSe. as will apDear
upon looking into the structure and
habits of a tree. 1t is plain that the
wrowth Of tree or increase of cellu-
lar structure is made by the pulp or
creamy substance lying immediately
beneath the outside bark. THROUGHOUT
the growing season this substance is
composed largely of water, and grad
ually turns to woody fibre as the sea-
son advances. SO that when winter
comes the soft growth of the year has
become hard and woody. The growing
season proper lasts only through the
month of August. Then comes. in ma
lures course. q cessation OF growth.
and a hardening or ripening process be-
gins Gradually the new growth
changes and the water gives way 10
fibre like the main or older portion of
the tree, so that when the freezing
weather comes the seasons growth is
ripened and can withstand the action
Of the elements. This is natures way,
but nature is often thwarted by the
perverseness of untAinking men, Anx-
ious TO record a great growth in their
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18

| Mr.. NJ. ]. r. Dunstan, director of aSri-
cultural education of Nottingham, Eng,
after a recent visit to Denmark and an
investigation Of the dairy industry of that
country wrote: I'm my opinion, the
supremacy of Denmark in this industry
is due in a great measure TO the educa-
ton of every one concerned, from the
farmer to his dairymaid, and also to the
system of cooperation adopted" In other
words, education and intelligent methods
Denmark has been able to take a fore
most rank among European countries in
dairy matters, for Mr.. DunStan says that
Denmark is not better adapted to dairy
ing than the County of Norfolk, Eng,
and she very largely supplies that county
with butter. This is just the situation in
America today. The dairy industry can
only make a substantial progress as the
impetus and q general intelligence reach
i all who have a part in the work. The
creamery that hasn't the cooperation OF
educated patrons striving TO attain good
results is effectively handicapped and
this difficulty furnishes one of the great
lest obstacles that buttermakers and
creamery managers have to contend with.
Not long since we heard a buttermaker
ness on account of this one discoura ging
feature Of the work. The first great work
that ElSin rad to do was to make dairy
men out of practically the entire farming
community. With this accomplished her
reputation was easily made and maintain
ed. We must emulate Elgin and Dem
mark methods in this respect in every
district where dairying is prGctised. That
condition is coming, and coming quickly.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
TIE ROAD TROUBLE.

Look at our wagons. The hind wheels
cut exactly into the same ruts which
the front wheels have made Why?
1t looks to me thus: Because the front
wheels do not cut deep enough into the
roadbed. 1t would be all right had we
steel rails on our roads, but dirt
road cannot stand such usage.
All this can be prevented by a rea-
sonable and proper construction of our
wagons, carriages, carts, etc. \ wagon
should have wheels with wide tires
The two front wheels should be set I'M
der the wagon about thirty inches
apart. The hind wheels should remain
in their places as they now are. If
this is done the hind wheels will roll
down the outside ridges left by the
front wheels, and both front and hind
wheels will cover the tracks made by
the hoofs of the horses, and, instead OF
cutting the road to pieces, smooth the
same. The front wheels might be even
ten inches wide, and the hind wheels
twelve inches.
1t is claimed by some that such a
wagon will draw hard, but experience
shows quite the contrary.
The objection has been: "These
wagons will look clumsy" This is a
matter of fashion, and when people
are accustomed to them they will
think, on picturing to themselves the
wagons of other days: what odd
wagons they used to have" A few
years ago when pneumatic tires for
our bicycles were unknown to the
world, everybody admired the wheels
as they then appeared What do neo1
pie think now after the broad cIumsv
pneumatic tire has become universaIq
Why, no one will ride one of those
smail-tired wheels of bygone DAYS If
ne can help TT. L. p. in New En-
gland Farmer.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
FAMOUS FARNER Doys

There are some people foolish enough
to laugh at the homely virtues of farm
life. But it is well sometimes to look
lat the list Of great men who have been
chosen by the people for the great Of
fees of the nation. How many OF them
came from the farm, and were early in
life familiar with wooded hills and cuI-
tivated fields!
The Kansas City Times says: Near
~ three-fourths of our best men came
from the tillers of the soil. For exam
pie, Lincoln, Grant, Garfield. HamIiD.
Greeley, Tilden, Clevelanyl, Harrison,
Hayes, Blaine, and many others almost
as conspicuous in current events or liv-
ing memory. Among Journalists. Henry
Watterson spent his early life in rural
Kentucky, and Murat Halstead was
born and lived on a farm in Ohio. w.
II. Vanderbilt was born in a small
New Jersey town, and early engared in
the business of ship chandlery. IA
Gould spent his early years on his
fathers farm in New York state Whit
tier and Howells spent their youth in
villages, the former dividing his time
between farm work and studies. Fol
low out this list for yourself, and see
how long it will become
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
PLANTING TREES.

Certainly buy some choice varieties
tof fruits this fall and set the trees in
suitable soil. Remember that pears
lplums and ounces do we'll on land. bor-
ldering on clay and that in any case
| they need a strong, rich loan. On the
other hand, the peach and grape and
tcherry do best upon elevated, light soil,
a very light loan being good.
! There is no reason why every farmer
should not have a variety of fruit all
season long for his own use and some
more TO sell. AS to what kinds of fruit
to plant most extensively, one must be
governed by the character of his land,
the .nearness to good markets, etc. A
farmer at a distance from leading mar
| least perishable and endure Transports
ton best. Apples, pears, plums and
jquinces may be safely sent many miles,
! if only they are carefully picked when
| not yet ripe.
Those farmers living near good mar
kets will doubtless find the so-called
small fruits most profita BILE. Strawber-
ries, raspberries and blacllberries are
all quickly perishable and cannot be
transported any ~!'sat distance. There
fore the competition in selling them is
only of local character Nursery stock
| is very cheap this fall, and thus a good
opportunity is offered to stock up with
licSS. IL II alive Lest W SStll 10
some reputable nursery that sells direct
! to the buyer The same quality of
goods when obtained through the me-
dunn of agents will usually cost from
| two TO four times the price for which
the nursery could send them direct.
For the harder fruit trees, like the ap-
pie, pear, plum and ounce, fall plant
ling is as good or better than spring
setting.
Care is to be taken in planting trees
1t is not sufficient merely to dig a hole
and put in the tree. Dig a broad, deep
hole, large enough to hold all roots
Lying in their original, natural posi-
ton. Better put some rich, black soil
in the bottom of the hole where the
roots of the tree are 10 rest.
Place the tree upon this good soil and
then carefully sift fine, mellow earth
around the roots, packing it firmly and
closely, that no air-holes whatever will
be left. If there are plenty of roots and
the top has been well cut back there
will be no stalking necessary. The top
Should have every Shoot Of good size
cut back one-haif to two-t!liris its
length, aiming to make the tree sym
metrical. All very small branches or
shoots had best be removed altogether.
1t is imports person VINO in
tends to set trees. either few or many,
Should become posted on the varieties
that are best. There are many thou
sands of trees in the country that
should never have been set at ALL Sc
lect the more desirable kinds and let
the rest 60 Comparatively few kinds
are also more economical than a great
variety NJ. SUMNER PERKINS
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
! GILT-EnGE INvEsrsrEvr.

No stock that money will buy has so
great a capacity for earning a large rate
of interest as good COWS. So high is
this ability that during one year a first
class cow often more than pays both
principal and interest in the accrued pro-
fits. Note for instance what my friend
j. Jacqueney of Hamilton, county. n. Y.
says in a letter just received: "I keep
only those cows that pay as they go.
My herd Of p netted me last year 500
per head. This did not include what we
fed to calves and used in the family of
dairy products, and she herd contains
several heifers that are in milk for the
first time Few, if any, of these cows
would bring SIS a head and, yet their
returns-wly they are fully equal to the
profits of two average COWS, and Mr..
Jacqueney feeds only ordinary ratiOnS.
This is not an Isolated instance. L
know of several more. One, d friend, L
visited some time ago, K. l.. Van Deu-
sen, q young man, scarcely more than a
boy, and yet in seven years he has bred
a herd of II cows that yield him an aver
age of over Sl05 in money, besides what
butter etc, his family uses, and fine
lot of calves. pigs. poultry and eggs
raised on skim milk every year. He
could not get Il great deal of money by
selling his cows, but see the salary they
pay him year after year. And the end is
not yet. Mr.. Van Deusen's farm is daily
increasing its bookkeeping capacity, and
the time will come when he will get
s., 500 to IS, 600 per year.-HOllister Sage in
American ACTlCui tuTlSt.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
HEGIN MnnERaTEIY-

When q beginner decides to so into the
poultry business he is liable to overesti-
mate the receipts and place the expenses
too low. The large majority of mex
perienced persons who go into the rails
ing of poultry as business have no
conception of the drawbacks and diff
ficulties to be encountered. They are
willing to devote a certain amount OF
capital to the enterprise, and expect re-
turns correspondingly They make no
allowance for sickness, loss from enc
mics and depredaters, or possible mis-
management. There are hundreds of
cases recorded where large sums have
been lost in the poultry business simply
because money was plentiful, but ex-
perlence and knowledge were lacking.
There is but one safe road for all to
follow, and that is to start at the bot
tom. Those who begin at the top with
large numbers, in nearly all cases get
down to. the, bottom; bit beginning with
only few hens, and gradually inereas-
ing each year, as the poultry characte
iStics are better underS TODD, will lead
to success. There are SO many little
things to know, and so many details to
observe, that they cannot be mentioned.
Nor can one learn entirely by reading.
1t is true that reading will attract atten-
ton to much that viii be valuable but
it is only by the daily observation and
constant work that knowledge is gained.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18

The management of poultry cannot be
turned over, entirely to an employee.
Should he happen to not fully understand
the business of managing large num-
bers (Which but few can boast Of, the
capital OF the employer will be swept
away so quickly as to cause surprise.
1t will not pay one with limited means
to risk his all in poultry if he knows
nothing about it, and the poultry bust
ness, though looked upon as resort by
those who desire to forsake other oceu-
pations, Is really very unsafe, except
when capital and experience are Joined.
Even with the most experienced persons,
the climate, location, cost of food, soil
and markets may not be favorable to
success. But little risk is incurred when
the, beginner starts with small flock,
and with patience his focks in a few
years may pay well. There is no busl-
ness that person can at once take up
and make it successful in a year, especi-
ally If no experience can be used as an
aid, and the raising of poultry is no eX-
ception. There is profit in poultry. but
IT must be secured with the assistance
of the usual knowledge and experience
necessary for success at any occupation.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
LABoR-SAVING MACHINERY
THE FARMERS WIFE,
AND

The Invention of labor-saying devices
and the Improvement in farming meta
ods have lifted the husbandman from
the level of the mere machine eve
might say, of the beast of buiden) TO
that of the intelligent and skilled man
ipulator and engineer. Employing wa
ter, steam, wiBd and horse poweY. and
complicated machinery in the perform
ance of the same work that only a few
years ago he had to do by force of his
own strong arms and hands, ne can
no longer be styled tine ho1ny-handed
son of toll" He is more and more
making himself master OF the situation.
The farm homes in many cases give
testimony to this improved condition.
Where strictest economy even TO the
deprivation of common comforts, used
to be practiced, we now find many con-
veniences of city life, pianos ana or
gans, the furniture and pictures and
every comfort of life.
The farmers wife alone, in MANY
cases. has yet the same old burdens to
bear as of yore churning, washing.
cooking, baking, house cleaning, not to
speak OF only too many other employ
menits, besides rearing and tending
children. She often takes in washing,
and gets all she can do. She washes
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
Poultry aDd BQQs.

! There are several ways to tell bad eggs
cod water and the fresher 1t is the heav-
Ter it is and the sooner it will sink. Bad
eggs so down slowly and stale eggs will
float.
The best way to keep honey from car. can
dying, says writer, is to seal it in tight
jars, the same as fruit This is the way
that the bees do and it is the only safe
way. 1t should be thoroughly heated
before putting up.
AS old geese are better layers and
mothers than young ones, and young
geese are always in demand in the
markets, poultryman finds it pays
to keep the old ones, as they are pro-
life for twenty years.
Gasoline is a good lice destroyer. 1t
kills them instantly. while kerosene only
drives them to another part OF the poui-
it to the body, as the rapid evaporation
may give the fowl cold.
Give plenty of room in the coops
when shipping live poultry. The extra
cost of coop transportation will not be
as great as the loss of two or three Of
the largest hens in the lot, to say moth
ing of the humanity side of the ques-
ton.
According to an exchange the outside
peel of onions makes a good lining for
Il hens nest, as the odor from this veg
etable drives away the lice, which are
sure to be worse on the hen that is
sitting if there are any in the hen
house.
The same regularity is necessary in
caring for the hens as caring for the
cattle Irregularity in hours of feed
ing keeps the birds in a state of eX-
pectation, which prevents Forging.
and is rightly detrimental to health and
egg production.
A dead sure killer for lice comes
from Montana A ranch woman says
''hang small walls of carbon bisulphide
under the roosts." She has never used
anything with such pleasoing results.
AS carbon bisulphide is strong poison
use only small walls. 1t is also very
inflamable.
The best known preventive for chol-
era in a flock of poultry is extract of
logwood, says Field and Farm. Put
in only enough to redden the drinking
water the least bit and once week is
sufficient This precautfon is recon-
mended by many OF the leading Colo
RADIO poultry fanciers who rae using it.
If you have not given the hen house
a withdrawing since spring here is a
good one to use now. Stake half a
,bushel of good, fresh lime in boiling
water, keeping it covered during the
process. Strain it and add a peck of
salt dissolved in water; three pounds
of ground rice boiled to a thin paste;
half pound powdered Spanish whit
ing, and a pound of clear glue, dissolv-
ed in warm water Mix these we'll to-
gether and let the mixture stand for
several days. Keep the wash thus
prepared in a kettle or portable fur
mace, and put on as hot as possible
This makes a very durable wash for
either outside or inside work. If used
for outside work and you prefer some
color to pure white, add any coloring
you desire. But what is neater than
white?
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1894-11-18
PLAIN TALK ON DAIRY MATTERS.

( Many persons who nave mad TO Go with
practical dairy management all their
Lives, still have something to learn. They
! have been too busy, or 100 self-satisfied,
or too welded to old ways, to take any
new hints. Nevertheless they might learn
something from such suggestions as We
find in the Homestead under Dairy
Hints" They are hCmely but they evil
IDENTIFY are drawn from experience.
{ We condense as follows; DO not use
wooden vessels if you can get tin-either
in milking or preserving the milk after
wards Wash your pals or pans first and
3 then scald. Be sure not to allw your
cows to 20 too near stagnant water They
should not drink what the family would
not drink. Do not feed musty grain TO
COWS.
! Rough or harsh treatment is TO be
avoided and everything done to contribute
to the comfort of the animal. Do not
have her stand in the not sun or TO be
exposed to a cold, chill wind Here we
quote: Our whole duty is not done when
we keep the boys from setting the dog on
her to drive her home from the pasture, or
curry her with something else than the
milk stool. or invite her TO stand over by
means more courteous than the zoe OF
the boot. The man VINO does not love q
COW and treat her kindly has no business
to have one. but he must do more than
this if he expects TO be q good da1ryrnan;
he must be willing to take the trouble to
make her comforta bic. protect her from
flies see that she has shade and all the
air that is going during these hot Gays.
and does not shiver when the cold ones
come
| Cows must be fed literally: the strain
which milk production worthy OF the
name imposes demands it. 1t is, of course,
possible to feed too heavily and to the
animals injury: we saw some OF that at
the Worlds fair; but the average dairy
man needs no caution from this side. and
where one COW is iniuriously crowded q
hundred are underfed. The dairman
should, if possible, raise all the feed he
needs and under ordinary circumstances
he should see that it is possible, but when
exceptional times come, like the present.
he should still feed generously. and to do
This he may find it necessary to buy gem
erously.
With cows that have been carefully Sc
lected we very much doubt whether the
greatest net profits are made with highly
concentrated feeds. We believe that the
feed stuffs grown on the western farm
have no superior for the dairy-feed stuffs
such as corn. clover hay, sheaf oats, sill
age, shredded slower and the like for the
bulk of the ration. These, with moder-
ate additions of mill stuffs may not pro-
duce the phenomenal Yields that are made
regardless of cost, but they win put mon
Iey in ones purse and leave some OF it
there.