davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
SPRAYING MACHINERY.
Pumps of Various Misunderstanding the
Liquid-Amount tn BE Applied,

Pumps Of Various Misunderstanding the
Liquid-Amount tn BE Applied.
The machinery used in orchard work
is an important item Spraying is hard
work unless the pump is run by horse
power, and this can be used with profit
only by owners of exceptionally large
orchards. The vast majority of apple
growers are necessarily forced to use
hand pumps. These are now offered 10y
the trade in almost endless variety, and
selections are often difficult. Pumps OF
various descriptions have been tried at
the Cornell station, and the following
are some of the points emphasized by
E. q. Lodeman, horticulturist ut that
station:
The pump should be powerful 1t re
quires double the amount of eXertion &c
apply given amount of liquid with n
small pump that is necessary when one
Of ample size is used. In general o
pump used for orchard work should
have cylinder at least 21a inches in
diameter, the stroke being from 4 TO .
inches in length. The handle should be
long, as greater power can then be OBJ
tanned Working parts which are ex-
posed TO the action of the materials APP
piled should be of brass, or else brass
lined, for iron soon corrodes. The air
chamber should be rather small, espe-
cially if the pressure of the liquid can
be utilized in keeping the nozzle free
from Instructions. In such cases the
one who pumps should be able to in
crease the pressure of the liquid in the
nozzle by one or two quick strokes of
the handle. a large air chamber defeats
this.
Many pumps are supplied with agita-
tors, but these have not proved so salts
factory as was hoped. 1t was found that
those which stirred the liquid by means
of a stream which was discharged from
a return pipe near the bottom Of the
barrel did not keep tho liquid in the
entire barrel stirred, but only in that
portion Of it which came directly under
the influence of the current. Another
objection to this class is that too much
power is lost Paddles of various kinds
have been recommended. They are at
tdCueu W luc pump Hahuic, anu WIN
each stroke pass through certain por-
ton of the liquid These do better work
than the agitatOrs mentioned above, but
they also require considerable power
No agitators were used in making the
applications we have undertaken. The
liquids were stirred with a stick as often
as was necessary, which was commonly
before each tree was begun. The amount
of liquid applied to the large trees IS to
% years old at each application aver
aged about four gallons. If less liquid
was used, it was found to be insufficient
to cover all the parts of the tree as thor
oughly as was desired. When more was
used, most of the excess fell from the
tree to the ground and was lost. The
number of trees which may be treated
in day is about 1875.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
SALT FROM GERMANY DUrrABLE.

Attorney General OAey has rendered
an important opinion involving the in
depreciation of the most favored nation
clause" in the treaty between the United
States aud Prussia. THE question pro-
pouSded to the attorney general by the
secretary Of the treasury was whether
salt imported from the empire Of Ger
many is dutiable under para graph Cos of
the new tariff act. which provides that II
salt is imported from any country,
whether independent or dependency,
which imposes duty on salt exported
from the United States, then there shall
be levied upon such salt the rate OF duties
existing prior TO the passage Of the act.
AS at present advised the attorney gen
eral holds that salt imported from Ger
many is legally dutiable. So far as the
favored nation clause is concerned the
same argument will apply to beet sugar
a to salt
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
Getting the Cream From the Milk.

One of the best plans of management
is when the cream is SKINNED to empty
the cans and wash, scald and rinse them
out and have them all ready for use
when needed. As soon as the milk Is
drawn it should be taken directly to the
creamery house, carefully strained into
the cans and set in the creamery to cool.
When water is depended upon for cool
ing the milk, fresh cans of milk are set
in. Under no conditions should the
milk be disturbed after being set. AS
sooh as the milk begins TO cool currents
are set in motion that carry the cream
to the surface Any disturbance Of the
milk after it is set will break up these
currents, and the consequence is that a
portion Of the cream is left in the milk.
One advantage in having a dairy
house where the utensils and the milk,
cream and butter can be kept is that the
conditions can be made more uniform,
the air can be kept pure, good ventila-
ton provided and a better product be
made. When the best quality of butter
is to be made, very little variation of
the conditions under which the work is
done will affect the result; hence the
necessity for using care III every detail
If a part of the cream is left in the milk,
there is loss. As soon as the cream Is
done rising it should be skinned. so
that all will be saved.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
The Russian Thistle.

In view of the fact that the Russian
thistle is rapidly invading the north
west it is recommended through bulle-
tin from the Nebraska station that the
residents of every neighborhood cooper
ate to keep down any foreign weeds
that may appear. Wherever waste land
is left unoccupied thistles and other
weeds are apt to spring up. To prevent
this the soil should be cultivated thor
oughly up to August, when the chances
are pretty poor of the weeds getting a
foothold. Wherever the weeds appear,
even with or without this cultivation,
they should be cut down with a mower
before they have had time to go to seed.
The cutting should be done in all cases
before the weeds have blossomed.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
now TO iRRiGATE.
The Main Canal-subsidiary Canais--HIis-
takes Made by beginners.


takes Made by beginners.
The canal must be extended entirely
across the highest line of the field, and
from ii burrows should be struck out
along the direction of the lightest grade
and ut distances, say, of about % feet
apart Then cross burrows should be
plowed in the opposite direction and al
the same distances. The field will now
be cut mp into a series of squares formed
by the burrows.
Now open the main canal with SHOW.
ell opposite the head of each Of the first
plowed burrows and regulate the flow
of water SO that il shall be equal in
each. This may be done with stones,
bits of board, handfuls of weeds, brush,
etc, placed III the openings TO prevent
an undue quantity Of water finding its
way through any one aperture and so
washing gullies in the soil 1t is here
that the beginner in irrigation is apt to
err the most. He reasons that if little
water is good great deal must be bet
ter, and so he turns on full head, lets
the stream get away from him, and
soon he has his field quilted and washed
in the most unsightly and destructive
manner. a small stream handled i'm
properly will do surprising amount of
damage in very short time.
Where the supply canal is large and
the banks thick it is we'll to divert the
water from it in only one place, says a
writer in The Irrigation Age. A shall
low subsidiary canal may be made par
allel with it, into which sufficient wa
ter is allowed 10 flow to supply the
burrows 1t is very easy for stream to
get beyond the control of the irrigator,
and in order TO prevent this he must
watch the aperture in the canal bank
closely and take measures to prevent
this. In the most primitive forms of ir
rigation the shovel is relied upon entire
ly for regulating the flow of water, but
a step in advance is made by putting in
wooden boxes at such places, with a
simple gate or board sliding between
upright cleats, by which the exact
quantity of water desired may be di-
verted without danger that much will
force its way through.
With uniformly level field cross
furrowed in the ma ner indicated and
the water allowed to run steadily, but
not in too great volume, one man with
a shovel can regulate the spread of the
water so that each portion shall be thor
oughly saturated. OF course, if there
are elevation or knobs, they must be
leveled so hat the water may reach ev-
cry portion of the ground
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
Wheat Farmers North and West.

Texas Farm and Ranch says:
Wheat farmers in the north and
west are aboard the same boat with the
cotton farmers Of the south. Overpro-
duction, underconsumption or faulty
distribution, or whatever it is that pre-
vents the world from buying these prod
ucts at active market prices, the result
is the same-unprofitable labor for the
farmer. We have been wont to ridicule
the cotton producer because he contin-
ues to plant full crops Of cotton with
the certainty staring him in the face
that he is working for nothing and find
ing himself, but the live, rustling, en-
terprising, keen witted western farmer
is doing, the same folly with wheat, all
of which proves that all men are akin
Ia folly as we'll as otherwise "
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
Items of Local Interest.

The terra Gotta tomato when ripe is
never green about the stem and never
cracks open.
The Iowa state legislature has de-
clared war against the Russian thistle,
and it is made the duty of every farmer
and railroad corporation TO cut all these
pests before Sept. 10 Of each year. I'm
less this is done the road overseer will
perform this service and tax up the ex-
pense 10 the land.
One rarely thinks Of Kansas as a sugar
producing state but last year the total
states bounty under the laws amounted
to s., 006 20. The state sugar inspector
gives the sugar output for 1898 as 934, .
172 pounds.
Sixty thousand dollars were paid by
Kansas for wolf scalps last year.
Tried experiments with commercial
fertilizers conducted at the Ohio station
I'm general indicate that commercial fer
tilizers can be profitably used on cereal
crops in Ohio only in connection with
green manuring with plant (which
have the power Of obtaining nitrogen
from sources inaccessible to the cereals. +"
The Iowa Homestead says: "Alsike is
oil right for honey. and it will pay any
farmer TO cultivate it, but it will not
pay 20 sow buckwheat for honey. The
honey is very dark and not desirable for
either the table or the market.
A Manitoba man says that with a lit
tie trouble he can get all the liquid ma
nure he can take away. He can back a
tank OH wheels under a spout that runs
from n horse stable
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
Club Foot In Cabbage.

A. s. Fuller, New Jersey, tells that
clubfoot in cabbages only occurs on soils
where cabbages have been grown be-
fore or the plants raised in an old hotbed,
and lime will not prevent it. Plant on
fresh ground, and raise the plants ON q
fat where brGSh heap has been recent
ly burned, but If carly plants are want
cd, scrape up this burnt soil and use it
in the frames as top dressing He has
practiced this mode of raising plants
for 40 years and never has any clubfoot,
except when he has occasionally had to
purchase plants.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
evIT1Hsszz1E.Asss::a...,.lAs.z-
LITE .lS D0;as1s
-a'.:::.sss'sssSs;;:I,slRYks...
SKINNED AND SEPARATED CREAM.
Different Temperatures Required For the
Successful Churning of Each.


Successful Churning of Each.
The gravity processes Of Dreaming
milk give a cream that contains from 10
10 20 per cent of fat, according To the
temperature at which the milk is set,
the time il is allowed TO stand before
skimming and the amount of skim
milk taken off with the cream. 1t is the
exception TO get cream in this way that
contains one fifth on more butter fat. 1t
is almost impossible 10 churn thorough
", or in some cases 10 churn ut all,
cream containing only one-tenth to one
fifth butter fat, at SO low temperature
as 80 degrees This kind Of cream must
be churned at 90 degrees.
Cream obtained by shallow setting
of milk is thicker than that from deep
setting" Of the same milk, provided the
milk be left ont in Swimming. Conse-
quently cream from shallow setting"
can be churned at a lower temperature
and more quickly than cream obtained
by "deep setting of the same milk.
The cream obtained by either of these
gravity processes of handling milk is ex
tremely variable in thickness. This is
caused by the lack Of uniformity in the
temperature az which the milk is set and
the manner of skimming practiced by
the different operators
One thing can be depended on as al
most universally true of cream obtained
by gravity processes, and that is that it
contains from one-tenth 70 one-fifth but
ter fat only Such cream must be churn-
ed at SO TO 90 degrees. Churning at a
lower temperature is nearly impossible
The best separators now made over
come this uncertainty in regard to the
amount of butter fat in the cream. They
can be so regulated that cream of a uni
form thickness may be obtained from
nearly any normal milk. Several estab
lishments are known TO the writer where
cream has been continually churned dur
ing the past year at temperature rang
ing from As to 50 degrees, nearly always
at so degrees.
am thoroughly convinced that more
would be obtained if so instead of GO
were marked on our dairy thermometers
rs the proper temperature of churning
| have faith TO believe also that within
10 and perhaps five years a great ma
jority of the best dairymen will have
adopted 90 degrees as the temperature
at which they want butter to come"
in the churn. The temperature at which
cream breaks into butter is the vital
point If cream be put into churp at
the desired temperature, there should be
no great rising or falling from this de-
gree in the temperature of the room
where the churning is made. The tenn
perature of churning is the temperature
of the buttermilk as soon as the butter
comes, and not the temperature of the
cream when it is put into the churn. -
E. H. Harrington in Rural New Yorker.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
A Word About Plymouth Rocks.

Plymouth Rocks are notable for de-
string frequently to sit. A rotation of
yards, thus keeping their surroundings
somewhat strange will overcome the
tendency to brood and insure steady lay
ing Another advantage of having sew
eral yards into which the fowls are
changed occasionally is that they may
be kept cleaner and more healthy.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23

1t costs more TO bring a COW oack to
full flow OF milk in summer than II
does to keep her up to it.
A creamery should not be started un
til 800 COWS are guaranteed.
The milk tester and the separator are
important factors in dairying. The
milk tester in the near future will be
sine qua non in dairying. -Agricola in
New York Examiner
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
INCREASE IN SOLDIERS DEPOSITS.

Paymaster General Smith, in his an
nual report TO the secretary Of war. calls
attention To the fact that the soldiers
deposits have increased S79,5S2 during
the year, gratifying increase in view Of
the fact that the deposits had been fall
ing off in preceding years, and Of the
further fact that soldier with deposit
account rarely leaves the service without
an honorable discharge. The eXpendi-
lures on account of pay of army show an
increase Of s275,653 over the preceding
year, due, in part to the fact that the
enlisted force was more nearly kept at
its maximum limit The fact that the
expenditures on account.o OF pay of volun
teers were s493, 653 less than last year is
taken as an indication that these claims
are being exhausted.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
WONDERFUL EFFECTS OF THE KoLA NUT

WONDERFUL EFfENIS OF TIE hOlA NUT
The state>department has been calling
upon United States consuls in Africa for
specific information respecting the mar
velous kola nut, which by its peculiar
action upon the muscular system enables
the negroes 10 make long Journeys bear
ing enormous loads under tropical suns
and across difficult country without food.
Cases automatically reported prove that
an old negro may carry TO pound bag
OF coffee four leagues by chewing single
nut slowly. Robert Z. Porley, consul at
Sierra Leone, has sent in the first report
on this subject, treating of the means
OF growing and preparing the nuts. He
says the natives eat the nuts in the early
morning as stay against the want of
ordinary food while travelling and in the
evening to induce sleep. Altogether
they consider that general benefit TO
the human system is derived from the
consumption OF the kola.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23

A farm divided into large fields, espc-
cially into long ones, can be cultivated
TO best advantage with least loss of
time in turning at ends with plows and
machines
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23
How He Knew.

Giles-Did he tell you he couldn't
speak French?
Merritt-No.
Giles-Then how did you know.
Merritt-He spoke some.-Lye.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23

ever siuce-that was two years and halfsgo."
A book Of I6s pages on woman and Her
Diseases " mailed sealed, on receipt Of 10
cents in stamps for postage. Address.
WORLDS DIsPENsARY MEDICAL AssocIA-
TIoN, 665 Main Street, Buffalo, N. v.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23

- AsHWH 1ffff aAtN Aht 49,
Neb., writes - enjoy
good health thanks TO
DR.. Pierces Favorite Pre-
scription and Golden
Medical Discovery. I
was under doctors care
for two years with womb
disease, and gradually
wasting in strength all
the time. I was so weak
that l could sit up in bed
only a few moments, for
two years. / commenced
taking DIR. Pierce's Fa-
vorite Prescription and
his Golden Medical Dis
covery, and by the time
/ had taken one-half doz-
en- bottles I was up and
going wherever I pleased,
and have had good health
aud hgeft Ngfxf gfFanor
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-11-23

and weaknesses that prey upon women
They fade the face, waste the figure, ruin
the temper, wither you up, make you old
before your time.
Get well: That's the way TO look we'll
Cure the disorders and ailments that beset
you, with DR.. Pierces Favorite Prescrip-
ton.
II regulates and promotes all the proper
functions, improves digestion, enriches the
blood, dispels aches and pains, melancholy
and nervousness, brings refreshing sleep
and restores health and strength. It's a
powerful general, as we'll as uterine, tonic
and nervine, imparting vigor and strength
to the entire system.
Der westbote. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1872-1918, 1894-11-15
Guaen Gihter framt nit met

gugen Gihter tramt nit nenis
Wtb uno bel 8ebagen aaerlei @eldi1-
ten aus Dem 2eben ber 0neuen Mduner," /"
welhes er fat big in Die rngesosenbei-
ten Der Tleseljabre perfol9t, aus. Sem
neuen gftniiter oes Snnern, b. &oGet,
hat sr Gus Der SbatIahe, baB biele per-
ldiebene @pmnalien beluden mubte. be-
Dor ct ietn Acknowledgements belteben
fonnte, einen grimmen Wortpurf gematt.
SeBt tpdrmt nun bic rJreil linnise 3ei-
tuns" bic .MntisStor1-&ebe" besNei9s=
fanSlers 5iirlen BON 9obenlobe auf.
9obenlote batte i'm Sabre 1876 i'm
&ei6stage erfldrt, baB ct nur ungern
ben Stor6 auf bic 2iite Der rsei6iisten"
W6sel lebe, ba berielbe elm boler &C.
lelle ,pdre unb eine Reibe Yerbre9en
sesen feline Miteelh0pfe auf benz Serb
bols batte, bob er aber mesen Der I'M
bdnsli9teit bes 8oItes unb beionbers
Der Damen on oielen 0oaeI es ni9t
mage, oenlelben fir ruoselfrei" gu er.
tlaren. Nus bielen seuiB barmlolen
Bemertnnsen bes bon,ali9en Reihsz
taesabstorbneten min gugen &i9ter
nun eine @affe srsen ben iebisen
&ei6afan3ler ldmieben.
Der westbote. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1872-1918, 1894-11-15

=. Wdre es ni9t spedmdbis, ,uenn
bas State Sournal" jebt enolid ein=
mol ertldrte. Of es fir ober eeeen Grei=
lilber 1T? Wdhrenb Der Wablcompagne
iob oas Organ ber rpartei hes ebrlihen
@elbes" frampIhaft euf BET 5en3.
ueberbaupt bat oas Blatt on Ooppel.
3iinsisfeit unb Gbaratterlofsteit mob.
reno Der lebten Woden bas Meniden'
m6glihite 9eleiltet. Sic Evening
Gispatd," Elm unter Der falI9en 6laese
Der 1nabbdnsisteit leselnbes Republics
niIhes Blatt bat treu mitsebolfen.
leberbaupt lpielte bic republitaniide
partei III BET peri1olienen Champagne
our6ues nit seitodenen 3orten. Sn
teiner 5rase, bic SariHrase ni4t ausse=
nommen, bate bic Yartei Elm feites Yro.
9ramm.
Der westbote. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1872-1918, 1894-11-15

- Die Hepublifaner perben ntbt nur
bas ndhfte &eprdientantenbous NIT
Sbomus .. Neeo als Sprs9er ersani-
iiren, lonbern lie merben and eine Mlas
ioritdt Der Siaatsbeleeotionen fontrols
liren unb lomit ben Yralioenten ermdb-
len, falls bic Mobl in 1896 unentl9ieben
bleiben uno ans 9ans fallen iollte. sic
baben eine Weajoritdt in ben Delesa=
tionen bon 80 Staaten, ndmli6 Gali-
fornia, Colorado, Connecticut Delas
mare, Sbaho. Sainpis, Snbiana, Soma,
2anlas, Maine, Marplanb, Malla9u=
ietts, Midisar, Msinneiota, Montana,
Nebrasta. Neto 9ompibire, Meiu Serlep,
gieu Dorf, Torb= =Datota, Obio, Oregon,
8ennipluania, &hobe sSslano, Siio.Da=
fota, Termpnt, Waibinston. Ws sSir=
sinia, Wisepnlin uno Q4poming. Won
bielen Staaten lit nur Marplanb nod
stpeifelboft; bort linb orei Gepublitaner
Iider, mabrldeinli9 bier seipdblt. Nber
au4 obne Watplanb baben Die &epub-
lifaner mehr als senug, oa % Staaten
ibnen bereits eine Maioritat Der Staats=
belegnttonen liefern piiroen.
Der westbote. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1872-1918, 1894-11-15
Glsftrisitdt tootet n DIT.

Cine mertpiiroise Gntoedune min g.
5. @ibbons au Spracuie. q. g., semadt
baben, ndmli9 bic. bab bic gleftri3itdt
ni9t tbbtet. ionbern r,ur bic 2ebenslraft
luspenbirt. Na9 ieiner Mnlibt merben
bie Werbre1er, uel6e iebt i'm Staate
SEEM Oort ourd Glettri;itdt binseri9tet
meroen (glettrofution), nidt babur9
set0btet, ionoern tDnnen Bis gu elmer ses
wiilsn 6riit in's 2eben serufen tueroen.
gr bebauptet, bab Die Morber 9ap=
lor uno SobniOn ). g., bie in Muburn
eleftril.t binseridtet ipurben, erIt unter
Dem Se,irme1er eeltorben pdren. 9ies
itibt er auf einen 0erluh, ben ct nit
bem R0rper Sobnlon's ma1te .unb ben er
tbeilmeile belebt babe, suei 5tunben na1
oeNen Sinri9tuns; aber er lei bonn War-
ben Stout in Der 8Dllenouns bes Mites
perbinbsrt porhen. ST erjdbit bies pie
folst:
Die senaue 3eit bon Sobnlons 9in-
ri1tuns am 13. Ropember 1893 tpar 9e=
beim gebalten porben, ober Waroen
Stout CAB ben einselabenen Ner3ten unb
3eitungsleuten einen Mint. Dr. @ib=
bons mar ebenfalls an,pelenb. S1on
ldneit mar er Der Mniht, baB bas 2e=
ben nah einem beftisen elettriiden
S1lag fiinitlid wteoer berseitellt ,pers
ben f0nne, ebenl 10 mie bel Yerlonen, bic
als toot bur1 Grtrinfen selten.
8ieIe an9elebene Mdnner parsn i'm
Raum perlammelt, wo Sobnlon binge.
rihtet meroen iollte nnb auf hem elets
tril1en Stubl iab. Nuf elm gesebenes
Signal btn ,purbe ein eleftrii9er Strom
BON LAO Bolts burh ben 2Drper
Sobnions seIaf1en, uno na1 4 @etun-
ben gu 200 Bolts perminbert. Dann
etbielt Der Operateur, Der in einem ans
beren &aum mar, Elm 3ei9en ben elet,
tri19en Strom no1mals III peritdrfen.
Nbermals ftredte 5i1 ber R6rper no4=
mails aus tpie in Der vMgonie bes So.
beS".
Gr ;uur6e als tobt ertldrt unb Die
3easen ber 3inri4tune perlieBen ben
&aum. Na9 3mei Stunben erbielt Dr.
@ibbons Einlab 3u benz 9las, NO Der
&0rper lag unb besann &eipirations.
neriu@e an bemielben. gr batte teine
Snfrumente. GrF ipdter bal e bie|
peteatist!sn 9Iaiss dlae es{ssals senlt||