davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
HINTS on POULTRY.

Oats are excellent for laying hens.
Steamed rice is good for young
chicks.
Geese should never be picked in
cold weather.
A good hen should lay at least l40
eggs during the year
Goslings grow more rapidly than
any other kind of bird
II is necessary to feed meat in some
form during the winter.
Egg eating is apt to be developed
by too close confinement.
The Black Minorca lays the largest
egg among Spanish fowls.
Puddles are not the proper sources
of water supply for chickens
Sugar beats, carrots and turnips are
good winter food for poultry.
II turkeys are carefully mlnrgel
they are profitable on any farm.
Cochins mated with game or brown
Leghorn cocks make good crosses.
The white flesh of the Langshans
makes them desirable table fowl.
The water given poultry during the
winter should have the chill taken off.
Bright combs are sure indication
of good health and freedom from dis
ease.
Tame chickens will lay more eggs
and take on flesh faster than half wild
ones.
Chickens cannot be crowded to-
gether in large numbers with out
breeding disease.
Dorkings are valuable for crossing
on other breeds where compactness OF
form is desired.
Your chicks are growing rapidly
now and should not be crowded in
their night quarters.
When hens are moulting the accu.
mutation of feathers should be cleared
out at least once week.
Egg foods are those which contain
lime for the shell, albumen for the
white and carbon for the yolk.
Geese feather more rapidly where
they have an abundance of fresh
water and run on green pasture.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
FARM AND GARDEN NOTES.


Wheat is II good crop to get seed
ing with.
Honey which is properly kept will,
like wine, improve with age.
The great point III successful apicul-
ture is wintering bees safely.
Glucose in moderation does not pre-
vent the candying of honey.
Both comb and extract honey should
be kept in warm, dry place.
The mortality among young turkeys
is chiefly due to dampness and lice.
Bees require warm weather TO prop
erly ripen aud seal their stores, if fed.
A colony should never go into win
ters quarters with less than 35 or 40
pounds of honey.
BY burning little sulphur in the
room where comb-honey is stored. the
moth worm can be kept out.
The nectar in flowers does not be.
come honey until after the watery par,
has evaporated in ths cell where the
bee has deposited 1t.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
CEMENT FLOORS.

Cement floors can often be made
much cheaper than wooden floors. A
cement floor well made will be as
solidas rock and will last as long as
needed. They never rot or break
through, do not leak and cannot be
rooted up by hogs. The floor can be
laid level or in any shape desired. Re-
move the loose soil from the surface
down TO solid ground or hard-pan, and
fill up with sandstone foot or more
in depth, Level the top by breaking
the stone quite fine with heavy
hammer. Make the first coat of ce-
ment thin enomgh SO it will pour
down into the stones, thus cementing
them firmly together The finishing
coat should be made just thick enough
to level nicely. Make the cement
about an inch deep above the stones,
then if it is properly laid there will be
about six inches deep of solid cement
on the surface. The deeper the loose
stone foundation is under this the bet
ter. Use the best cement and sharp
sand for this work. 1t should be
mixed thoroughly, about two parts
sand to one of cement.
Although any farmer can, with q
little practice, make good cement
floor, it might be better to hire some
one who has had experience in laying
such floors, as much depends upon
having the cemeat and sand properly
mixed. The floor must he allowed to
dry thoroughly before using or be-
fore freezing weather. For box.stalls
or stable floors cement has no equal.
1t will make water tight floor for the
silo. A cement floor should always be
we'll covered with straw-better for
the floor and the stock. This kind of
floor can be laid in horse stalls, but if
the horses are to be sharp-shod or
stand on the floor much of the time,
it would be best to cover the cement
with plank. / National Stockman and
Farmer.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

do not need pampering: on the o.her
hand, they should not he stinted.
The feed and care must be sufficient to
keep the animal in thrifty condition,
and the more fully this is done the
better will be the results. The cost
must, of course, be considered, hut
under no circumstances is il u good
economy to stint the feed or the care
at the expense either of the flesh or
wool. Because sheep, If given the OPP
portunity, will shift for themselves,
they are often neglected and, there
fore, do not pay ms they should.
In many cases small Improvement
in the quantity or quality of the fleece
will make the difference between profit
and loss in the keeping of sheep. I'M
less we except hogs, there is no kind
of stock ON the farm given average
treatment that Is paying large profit
In fact, in many cases it requires good
management to realize profit at oil,
and in many cases with sheep, If the
value of the feed is taken into con-
sideration, there will he positive loss.
This loss is largely due to want OF
care during the winter. So long as
there is plenty of pasturage the sheep
do well enough, but rs soon as they
must depend upon the feed that is Civ
on them they begin to run down and
the growth of wool is affected The
kind and quantity of the ration must
vary with different conditions. II the
shelter is poor more corn is needed
than when the quarters are comfort.
able With dry, warm quarters and
plenty of good water and good hay,
very little grain will be needed.
If the sheep are kept thrifty thC
growth of wool and the increase will
he sufficient to keep the sheep profit
able. Good feed aud good shelter
will not only make heavier fleece,
but one of better quality, ensuring d
better price and an increased income
-TSt. Louis Republic.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

makes reckless risks OF his neck and
limbs, but with no idea Of any
scientific value being connected with
his calling. He usually dubs himself
professor, case of pretense that ~
good look at him exposes. Captain
Wolf, on the contrary, is q student
and scholar, and would be accepted M
such on his appearance alone.
While the realm of cloud and sky
has engaged most of the attention OF
Captain Wolf he has not neglected
other lines. Among his inventions is
bomb, that sinks when hot, rises
when cool, and rising blows any pass
ing enemy from the water, or, rs the
Captain yesterday expressed, POOL
There you are."
In his collection of pictures are sew
eral showing experiments by the Ger
man Balloon Club, the different shaped
balloons, the methods of securing
them in storms, He has drawn up n
plan for n balloon shelte:, in which tho
extended bag may be housed. 1t is
hanked by music stands and refresh
ment booths. Altogether the Captain
is most enthusiastic aeronaut, 80
much so, indeed, that the bomb that
blows hot and blows cold is likely to
suffer from neglect
"They had great fair in Chicago.
Captain?"
eyes" responded he, with shade
of doubt, "a great far, but not half
the chance for balloonins that there is
here. San Francisco Examiner.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
A Deer Among the Cattle.

While big herd of cattle, being
driven from the ranch to market, was
passing through the Snohomish
Valley, Wash, an immense deer, the
largest ever seen in those parts,
bounded out of the woods and joined
the drove. Partly because of the
difficulty of cutting out the animal
from the middle of the herd, where it
quickly worked its way, and partly
through curiosity as to what it would
do, the cowboys did not molest it,
The deer remained quietly walking
with the herd for eight hours, and
finally entered into coral with the
cattle at Snohomish, WI ere it was cap
tured.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
Hen Against Hawk.

There was an interesting ornitholog-
ical exhibition in the dooryard of
George Benefited, near Raymondville,
a few days ago An old hen and her
brood, parties of the first part, were
wandering about the yard in search of
grasshoppers, when a big speckled
hawk, party of the second part, sailed
down from neighboring oak and
pounced upon chicken. The old hen
flew to the rescue, and n terrific bat
tie ensued The hawk appeared to be
in paroxysm of rage and needed not
the approach Of the party of the third
part in the person of Miss Ellie Cow
den, who was standing but few steps
away when "the war began" Sho
seized the hawk by its wings and
thought to wiring its neck, but it
wasn't that kind of hawk. 1t turned
upon and made desperate efforts to
strike her in the face with its beak.
There is no telling how long the com
bat would have continued or how it
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

But for all Captain Wolf was so as
sured that the picture of his air ship
would be self-explanatory, it would
not thus strike the average beholder
ignorant of the mysteries of sky-sail-
ing. A side view shows an elongated
body, stoutly but lightly ribbed, set
upon a plane, being upheld by four
slender legs. Beneath it are pipes in
some secret manner responsible for
maintenance of buoyancy, and the air
paddles not unlike the screws of a
small boat. II must be confessed
that the air ship in it's present stage
does not suggest spin through the
clouds, but Captain Wolf doubtless
knows more about this than the peo.
pie to whom he displays his plans and
his hopes.
81 have never been any place else, -
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
A FORT IN THE AIR.
PLAN OF A GERMAN CAPTAIN
FOR REvOLUTIONIZING WAR.
Many hscents by Balloons. - The
Science of Aeronautics Part OF
Military Education In the
Realm of the KAISER.
. ARoN MAMMALIAN WOLF

x Won Stolberg Schroeder is oil
at n kearney street hotel
/. For the convenience OF friends
the gentleman is content TO be adj
dressed as Captain Wolf. He is re-
tired officer of the German army, n
typical son of the Faderland. The
Captain does not speak English fuently
but employs gestures with the free
dom of a Frenchman, and very
similar air. He is solid, black bearded,
specialized, student Ivy the very look
of him. The only picture he had was
taken some four years ago, and since
that time he has visibly matured.
The German navy" says the Cap
tain, "has about 400 balloons designed
for carrying and dropping bombs.
The bomb is released automatically
by clock work II is easy to drop
bombs into city by studying cur.
rents, but to hit ship would be ex.
tremely difficult. A land force attack
ing naval force thus would be al
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

That floating wrecks constitute n
serious danger to shipping cannot be
disputed. The danger is so obvious,
indeed, declares the New York Times,
that it is natural that it should have
engaged the attention of the British
House of Commons, since, as the first
of maritime Nations, Great Britain has
the greatest stake in safety at sea. The
Secretary of the Admiralty's explana-
tion that no war ships would be sent
out to destroy derelicts, since there
was no record of a ship striking dere-
lict, was effectually disposed of by the
suggestion that that may have been
because nobody WAS left to tell the
tale. There seems to be no reason
why every derelict sighted should not
be destroyed II is worth the while
of any commercial Nation to reimburse
its merchantmen for the trihing ex-
pense and detention they incur by
stopping to destroy derelicts. If this
were done whenever satisfactory evil
dence of the destruction of derelict
was furnished, the highways of the
ocean would soon be cleared.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

"Think what magnificent thing to
have a fleet of air-shipsl How the
present methods of army and navy
would be revolutionizedl Where
would the modern cruiser find to hide !?
What the good of q march across the
Alps? / tell you the air-ship must
come. II may not be my ship, but
the future will see it. Wise men have
said it, and not dreamers; men who
do the thinking of the times. Maybe
my ship will never be made. l have
only models. To build it full size
would cost thousands of dollars, and
-" Once more the German Cap
tain gave n French shrug.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
COLD FRAMES

Every progressive farmer hns his
cold frames, for he realizes the advan-
tages to be gained in the way of big
money for vegetables out of season.
Spinach and lettuce bring high prices
in mid-winter, ms do many other vege-
tables.
The management of cold frames is
go simple that it is surprising that
more farmers do not use them. The
only difference between hotbed and
cold frame is the absence of bottom
heat in the latter, which has not, like
the hotbed, fermenting stable manure
beneath the seeds.
The usual method of making cold
frames is to take a back piece OF
twelve-inch plank and front of six
inch. The side pieces are sawed ont
to correspond with these two widths.
The soil being well prepared, the
frame is then set on it, enough earth
being banked upl around the outside
to keep away the water of cold rains.
A glass sash should he fitted closely, so
as to exclude all air and prevent the
heat accumulated during the day being
lost ut night.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
FOR FARM AND GARDEN
sPECKs IN CREAM.

Specked butter is source of annoy
ance to many butter makers, who
attribute the trouble to many causes,
but seem ignorant of remedy. The
explanation is simple. The specks
are the result of the surface of the
milk cooling more rapidly than the
underneath. Aeration is the remedy
for it, by reducing the temperature of
the milk to- that of the atmosphere.
The further cooling of the milk being
uniform, no specks are produced. -
New York World
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

lists, mathematicians reckoned among
the scholars of Germany. OF this
organization Captain Wolf is mem
ber. While, as the name implies, the
object is partly recreation, there is a
deeper and more serious side to the
gatherings. The design is to keep
abreast of aeronautics, and, in case OF
war, to be ready to offer balloon
corps, ready equipped, to the service
of the country. Most of the club
members are ex-srmy officers, who
have never become wholly reconciled
to life of peace.
Really, not such great advance
has been made" continued the Cap
tain, IN vernacular quantity beyond
representation in type. "since bal
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

In an article on crate of Natural
Increase in the United States" by
Herman Hollerith, published in the
Journal of the American Statistical
Association for March, 1891, page III,
it was stated that when the age tables
for the census of 1890 we're compiled
it would be found that the ratio of
children under ten years of age at the
census of 1890 to each 100 of the total
population at the census of 1880 would
not be much, if any, over thirty; and
again on page 17S this is more ex-
actly estimated at 30.2. The Census
Office, says the Few York Recorder,
has Just furnished the figure for the
total population under ten years of
age at the recent census, and gives
this number as 15,209,0O0 which
when compared with the total popula-
ton of 1880 gives us a ratio of 80. 80,
instead of 30.2, as estimated. In other
words, the falling of in our rate Of
increase as estimated has been sub
stantiated by the returns of the recent
enumeration. This ratio of popula.
tion under ten years Of age to the
total population at the previous cen
sus, indicating as it does the ratio of
the survivors Of those born during the
previous ten years, to the population
has been gradually falling from 80. 5
for the decade 1910 to 1850 to an av-
erage of 1877 for the two decades
from 1860 to 1880, and now, as We see,
has actually fallen to 30.3 The sig
niAcance of this is apparent when we
consider that if the same ratio Of ad-
dition to our population due to births
had been maintained from 1880 to
1890 es from 1860 to 1880, we should
have had at the census of 1890, 337
children under ten years of age for
each 1000 of population at the census
Of 1880, or 16, 903, 900, instead OF
which we find only l5.209, 900, or
1,700, 200 less. In other words, had
our rate OF increase due to births been
maintained during the last ten years
we would have had nearly two millions
more children under ten years Of age,
and our aggregate population would
have amounted to GA, 100000. This
would have been equal to the most
liberal estimates Of our population,
and the fact that the actual enumer'
ated population did not equal the es.
Inmates can be explained entirely by
the falling od in the birth rate during
the previous ten years
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

looms sailed out Of Paris during the
siege and reached the banks Of the
Rhine. The airships so-called have
been failures. None of them have
been any better than the old-fash-
ioned silk bag, whipped hither and
about at the mercy of the wind, and
some have been much worse.
"There are so many things to be
considered, power, lightness, strength,
susceptibility to control. Now, my
airship must have an engine. II can
not be heavy, or IL defeats its own
purpose. All the material of the ship
must be durable and yet it cannot have
great weight. / think an engine of q
single horse power will be sufficient,
and yet" Here the Captain shrugged
his shoulders.
"The principle of this airship," he
continu> ', "is possibly better shown
by the pictures than by anything | car
say. The engine occupies the centre
The air paddles are worked by on end
less chain and will revolve with great
speed. The well body will be filled
by the employment of ammonia
Equilibrium is secured by the wind
like fans.
"Since boy of seventeen I hav,
studied the balloon, went on the Cap
tain, getting cultural in fervor un
observed before, 81 studied him il
school, studied him in the army, an,
ever since. did it for love of tn,
Faderlnnd first. Then / did it becaus,
the subject became an engrossing one
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

An Oklahoma merchant carelessly
allowed few castor beans TO get
mixed with his oats. He probably
thought nothing of it at the time, and
sold the oats to stable keeper
Several of the horses to which the
grain was fed sickened and died.
Veterinary surgeons said it was the re.
suit of eating the castor beans. The
stable keeper sued for damages and
the careless grain dealers were com.
PEELED, by order of the court, to pay
9hhO
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

said the aeronaut, "where the con-
ditions for ballooning were SO favor
able as here. think there is no other
city where there could be found a
panorama of nature SO magnificent {;
the ocean, the Golden Gate, the bay,
the mountains beyond, and then San
Francisco scattered over her hills.
Wonderful! 1 would like to remain
here and teach tho young men-your
private military the balloon arm Of
the service. Germany prizes it
highly"
Captain Wolf is so different from the
usual aeronaut who ventures to the
Coast that it is difficult to realize that
he is one Of the craft. The ordinary
balloonist is foolhardv fellow who
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
According To the Chicago Heral

According to the Chicago Herald.
after long struggle the company or
ganized to catch porpoises for their
skins has gone into the hands of re-
ceiver. There has never been time
when the company could supply the
demand for porpoise leather to he
turned into shoe laces, but in spite of
the excellence of the leather for shoe
uppers, its price has always prevented
its getting hold upon the market.
The oil of the porpoise, of great value
for several purposes, is only slowly
becoming known to the public.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03
THRIFTY SHEEP FOR GOOD WOOL.


The best sheep is the one that pro-
duces the best fleece of wool and the
best carcase of mutton. To do this
they must be kept in good, thrifty
condition. Food is needed to main
tain animal life and heat to make
growth of bone, muscle and wool.
The nutriment necessary to maintain
life and heat is taken from the food
first, and if there is any surplus it is
used for growth. The growth of flesh
may be stunted and no after treatment
of the animal will entirely overcome
the effect. If the growth OF the wool
is stunted the effect will show both in
the quality and quantity. Stinting
the feed, so as to cause an unthrifty
condition of the fleece weakens the
fiber and often induces what is called
cotted fleece. Exposure to storms,
especially to cold rains, will often pro-
duce the same effect. To grow the
best fleece of wool that the animal is cap
able of it is necessary that the sheep
be kept in good, thrifty condition
The growth OF wool must be steady
from the time one fleece is taken of
until another is ready for the shears,
the same as tho growth Of flesh must
be daily gain from birth to maturity.
If the best carcass il obtained. Sheep
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

A Yale professor 10 quoted as being
of opinion that football makes the
students sluggish in their studies. The
London Lancet records 109 cases in
which participants in football games
played in 1892 in Great Britian re-
ceived injuries SO serious as to require
hospital treatment.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

would have terminated if Mrs. Bene-
field had not come to the rescue. She
broke the hawks neck with a hoe.
The bird measured something over
four feet from tip to tip of its wings.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

This model for winter wear
shows one Of the newest forms of
travelling wrap. II is a revival OF the
old.time pelisse, and when made of
broadcloth and trimmed with bear 1t
is particularly effective. Chicago
Record.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1894-01-03

IL IL reckoned that there are now
seventy-two different races of men in
habiting the earth.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1894-01-20
THE HAWAIIAN DEBATE.
Lines Upon Which the Four Cham
pions Will Speak.

Considerable interest was manifested yester-
day over the announcement that a public de-
bate would soon be given on the question
Should The Hawaiian Islands Be Annexed TO
the United States?''
1t is understood that Irving NJ. Scott will
treat OF the commercial phases OF the annexa-
ton question, while, incidentally the building
up OF navy. ETC., will necessarily be treated.
Rabbi Jacob Voorsanger will deal with the
question In its broadcast theoretical aspect,
especially the rights OF nations in International
questions and the attitude Of the United States
toward Hawaii in particular. General W. a.
l.. Barnes will doubtless deal with the legal
phases OF the subject in his usual Oratorical
and attractive style. John z. Irish, who with
Rabbi Voorsanger viii champion the negative
side OF the question, or that the islands should
not be annexed 10 the United States, may be
expected In his expressed views TO voice the
sentiments Of President Cleveland.
The Grand Opera-hOuse has been secured for
the debate, and the date thereof fixed as the
evening OF January %. Tire subject is not
only one of the foremost before the public to-
day but the speakers are so eminent as to
attract widespread interest, and this, coupled
with the fact that the proceeds Of the debate
are TO be applied to necessary expenses con-
necIed with the series Of literary. scientific,
educational and other congresses that are to