davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate., 1894-01-24
Kansas Railroad Assessments.
s. s. KING.

and their efforts to compromise and pay
less than the taxes charged against them
in the various counties, following upon
charges Of unfair discrimination in vRlu-
atlonP, emphasize the Importance Of
authentic information az to the actual
facts Of the assessment Of railroad prop
critics. The official reports show that
the valuation of nearly all railroads in
Kansas was raised by the last assessment.
The following statement shows the
changes In dollars per mile, OF main
track and in percentages:
A., T. & S. F., raised from $6,187.29 to
81 1865 SO per mile. Increase in total
valuation. 263 per cent.
St. l. & S. F., raised from S5,45566 to
$691828 per mile. Increase in total
valuation, 268 per cent.
M, A. & B., raised from s4,0O7.R to
So, 1878 per mile. Increase in total
valuation, 281 per cent.
q. p, raised from $6, 118 SO to S7,220O6
per mile. Increase in total valuation,
II per cent.
st. j. & G. l., raised from $7,21783 to
$7,57129 per mile. Increase in total
valuation, 9 per cent.
Mo. Pac,, raised from $4,928 GA to S.
572.85 per mile. Increase in total valu-
alton, II 9 per cent.
NJ, K. & T., raised from 4,524,42 to
s6,524 81 per mile. Increase in tots
valuation, a. 2 per cent.
X. c., W. & N. W., lowered from $5,-
223.98 to "a, ,716 SO per mile. Decrease in
total valuation, 1913 per cent.
G., R. /. & p, raised from s., 1882 to
$6,85576 per mile. Increase in total
valuation, 1913 per cent.
X. O, Ft, s. & NJ, raised from $S, S,556.20
to $10,58304 per mile. Increase in toesl
valuation, 232 per cent.
x. G., @. & s., raised from S4,770.H to
$6,16452 per mile. Increase in total
valuation, 292 per cent.
B. & NJ, raised from $4,388.32 to $5,-
589.02 per mile. Increase in total vslu-
alton, 272 per cent.
Fl. & S., lowered from $4,16452 to a.
164.04 per mile. Decrease in total vRlu-
alton, 8 per cent.
D. G., M. & T., raised from g, 2,72O.07 to
g., 2,73313 per mile. Increase in total
valuation, A per cent.
The change in mileage has in no case
amounted to two miles, so that the
change in total valuation is almost ex-
Rctly the same as the change in the vslu-
alton per mile.
Whatever complaints any Of these
roads may make as to this assessment,
certain it is that IN any contention for
rates Of charges for services their at
torneys would insist on being allowed to
earn interest on q much larger sum than
that for which the property is assessed,
The law requires that these properties
be assessed at their true value in money.
It is unfair that they shall be allowed to
charge the public for service q rate suf.
fioient to earn interest on q greater sum
than their true value in money. So that
the contention that these valuations are
too high involves q contradiction Of the
contention always made before the rail-
road commissioners when the subject Of
rates is considered.
The question as to unfair discrimina-
The advocate., 1894-01-24
RAILROADS AND COURTS.


EDITOR ADVOCATE There is q feeling
against certain methods pursued by
railroads In this country, and some peo-
pie even entertain q feeling against the
courts by reason Of their apparent wink
ing at the evil methods Of the railroads.
There are those among US who think
that railway corporations, creatures OF
the state, have become masters of the
state and robbers Of the people. And
there are those among as who entertain
astrong suspicion that cOurts-especislly
the federal courts. those alleged fount-
aims Of justice become servants OF
the corporations, finding their chief
duty in furthering the aforesaid mas
terry and robbery. And why not believe
these things?
have q case in point. 1t is not an
isolated case. It is one Of many. Its
features do not differ from the features
generally Of cases in it's class. II is es'
sentislly q typical case. must give
you pen picture Of some Of the most
prominent features of this case, and he
who looks carefully will certainly think
he looks on o monster rather than q
normal being.
The Kansas City, Wysndotte & North
western is q Kansas railroad. It appears
that it has not been a profitable one,
presumably by reason Uf the high-wster
mark which lts watered capitalization
reached. The apparent cost Of it's l6415
miles OF owned road is represented by
it's stock 2,973,000) and it's bonds ($3,-
723O0O) q capitalization Of $4l, ,52583 per
mile. And it is cheap road-bed with
inferior equipments.
This road could not pay satisfactory
interest on It's bonds and WRtered stock!
Strange, isn't it, that q road costing
$4,000 or $4,000 per mile could not pay
big profits on its capitalization Of more
than $4,000 per milsl But it seems the
strain was too hard, it couldn't do it,
and receiver was appointed some three
years ago, pending foreclosure proceed
inRs, and one Newman Erb was the for
tunste sppointee.
By virtue Of these proceedings the re-
caiver has just sold the road. Accord
ing to the stock and bond account, its
cost was s6,723,OOO. It sold for s650,0O0
less than one. tenth of its former capital
ization. Why it sold for so little I do
not know, It passes into the hands OF
the Gould wreCkers, and they probably
know.
Thus much preliminary. Under date
OF December 20 Mr.. Newman Erb, re-
ceiver, issued q circular letter to his nu-
merous victims. He informed them
that the United States circuit court
(Judge CaldwelD had on December Z
made several important notifications in
the final decree Of foreclosure, among
which he names the following:
Flrst-The price at which the road
must sell was reduced from 100000 to
S650,00O.
Second-The claims against the road
were classified December Z and the or
der Of their payment provided for as fol-
lows:
First class-Cost Of foreclosure pro.
ceedings, $4,000; attorneys fees al
lowed the plaintiff for fOreclosing, $685.
600; compensation and expenses Of
The advocate., 1894-01-24

Send for an ADVOCATE subscription
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The advocate., 1894-01-24

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The advocate., 1894-01-24

DussOn House, Topeka, Kau., 81. .s5-slSO per day
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
Setting Fence Posts.

Posts that are to be placed il clay
soil which is liable to heave by the ac-
tion of frost will retain their original
position longer if they are set in dug
holes instead of being driven, according
to American Cultivator. Unless all the
sharpened portion is placed below the
action of the frost, and even then, if at
the time of freezing the soil is soaked
with water, the action of frost is liable
to raise the post upward. However, as
soon as frost leaves the soil q few blows
on top of the post with heavy maui
will return it to its original depth,
which could not be so easily done if the
post was square at the bottom, as earth
would fall in the cavity. On most soils
sharpened posts are best, and when OF
durable material. like cedar, oak or chest
nut, and where the fencing material Is
WIRE post 4 inches i'll diameter will
last as long and be just as serviceable as
one inches or more in diameter, and
the cost is usually less.
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
The Increase In Horses.

The census shows an extraordinary
increase in horses. The department of
agriculture indicated it in annual esti-
mates before the census enumeration
very accurately. The fall in prices at
tested in disagreeable way the same
fact of increase The reduction has been
gradual and has now reached a point
which renders common horse1esh an un-
profitable commodity-a drug" i'll the
market. The remedy, says Country
Gentleman, is to get rid of the diseased,
wornout, nearly worthless plugs, y
raise the average of intrinsic value, and
thus improve the price.
A company has been formed i'll Port
land, Or, to initiate locally this work
of improvement. An abattoir has been
established where the horses will bt
killed by the spearing process, the hides
will be taken off and salted, the hail
used as material for mattresses, the main
and tail carefully utilized, the flesh rem
dered for oil. Selected bones will have
special uses, and the refuse of flesh and
bone will be made into fertilizer. II
is said that there are 1000, 600 head o.
half breed wild horses in the mountains
and valleys Of the great arid third of tht
country.
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12

Everybody in the market poultry bust
ness has his special choice of breed. 1t
is also fact that equally successful
men by no means select the same breed.
Not great while ago one Of the editors
of The Rural New Yorker christened
the Leghorn as the business hen. A. E.
Hunter, editor Of Farm Poultry, after
testing many breeds, selected the Light
Brahmas, Barred Plymouth Rocks and
White Wyandottes. He says: If we
could devote our time to poultry farm
ing, pure and simple, we would keep
mainly the cross White Wyandotte-
Light Brahmas. It would be necessary
to have one or two good pens of each of
those varieties to raise the birds to breed
from, but the great bulk, at least nine
tenths of the laying stock and the chick
ems raised, would be of that cross. Mr..
Hunters cross is especially recommend
cd for table qualities. p H. Jacobs
thinks the business fowls are Black
Langshans and the Barred Plymouth
Rocks.
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
Odd Mention.

Clover and timothy seed will be
scarce.
Reports as to quality of wheat and
oats continue good, wheat uniformly
and oats generally. Much wheat will
be fed to stock.
Washington is likely to become the
banner hop state of the country.
Irrigation by pumps is one OF the com
ing factors of agriculture, being prac.
ticed already to considerable extent.
Bulletin No. 10, issued by the divi.
sion of botany in the department OF agri'
culture at Washington, will be forward
ed to any one making written applica'
ton to the department, and specimen
of any plant supposed to be the Russian
thistle will be positively identified upon
receipt by the department Of agriculture.
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
A Recipe For Preserving Eggs.

Here is one of the many recipes that
are floating about for lining eggs:
Take "a gallons of water, IL pounds
Of unslacked lime and 4 pounds of salt,
or in that proportion, according to the
quantity of eggs to be preserved. Stir it
we'll several times q day and then let it
stand until the liquor has settled and is
perfectly clear. Draw or carefully dip
off the clear liquid, leaving the sedi-
ment at the bottom. Take for the above
amount of liquid ounces each of bak-
ing soda, cream of tartar, saltpeter and
borax and an ounce of alum. PulveriZe
and mix these and dissolve in gallon
of boiling water and add to the mixture
about 20 gallons of pure limewater.
This will about fill a cider barrel. Put
the eggs in carefully SO as not to crack
any of the shells, letting the water al
ways stand an inch above the eggs,
which can be done by placing barre
head little smaller upon them an6
weighing it. This amount Of liquid viii
preserve 80 dozen eggs. 1t is not neces
sary to wait to get full barrel or small
er package of eggs, but they can be pu
in at any time that they can be obtained
fresh. The same liquid should be uset
only once.
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
FIG. 1-sHEEP BARN, FRONT VIEW.

lie roof, sides boarded upright and
etripped, windows below and above for
ventilation. Posts for the wings 6 feet
thigh and set in the ground a foot to
give strength. Roof to wings made Of
stock boards 16 feet long, laid 2 inches
apart and battened with fencing the
proper length. Sides boarded upright
and stock boards driven close together,
but not stripped. A row of posts down
the center of each wing supported the
roof and served to strengthen partitions
below A fair idea of the divisions and
arrangements for handling sheep may
be had from Fig. 2.
Entire building fioored with clay, well
packed down. The center was used for
various purposes, though its principal
value was as catching pen. Sheep
were driven in from the yard in front,
and after sorting turned into two or
more of the apartments or through them
into the other yards. Several advan-
tages are noted in handling sheep in o
pen thus under cover. 1t can be done in
wet or cold weather as we'll as at other
times. Sheep are much quieter, seeming
to realize that there is no chance for
escape Very little jumping or strug-
Cling is indulged in. When the build
ing was crowded, this center room was
Uttered and used during the night to
relieve the other apartments. Every
morning and at intervals during the
day ewes that had dropped lambs were
carefully removed from the larger apart
ments (B) and placed in the small pens
a (C), not more than five or six being al
lowed together until the lambs were @
day or more old. When these small pens
were full, the sheep from two of them
u were driven together into one Of the
larger pens CD. By the time these lat
ter were full the main flock had beer
reduced, so as to allow the occupancy
OF one OF the larger apartments by the an
imals from three or four of the pens (D)
The lambs in this apartment were thei
old enough to be allowed to run outsid,
when the weather was pleasant, only
being housed at night.
The gates to the smaller pens wer'
made SO as to completely close the alley
into which they swung, so that tn,
sheep could go nowhere else than int
the pen where it was wanted. In all tn,
pens occupied with ewes with lambs to-
young to be turned outside tubs o
water were kept standing and the rack
always full Of hay.
In the second story of the cente
building room 10 feet square was par
titioned off and supplied with a stow
and lounge for the use of the shepherd
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
The Apple Crop.

The Farmers Review makes it appear
that in spite of the partial failure of the
apple crop in the west We are likely to
have full supply of that crop from the
east. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont
and Massachusetts will have enormous
crops, while the yield will be large III
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,
Michigan and all Of the states Of the
Pacific slope. Prices, however, especial
ly in the west, promise to be high.
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
Live Stock Points.

A little story told lately shows the es-
innate put on horses in Kentucky. A
woman there sued q railroad for killing
her horse and her husband. The jury
gave her $3.50 for the horse and a cent
for the husband. So it is said
For an ordinary silo, in which less
than 200 tons are to be put up, q two
horse power will run the cutter.
A good fodder or silo cutter will chew
up ton in 10 minutes.
England imports annually $40, 900,
900 worth of eggs and poultry. The
English are the greatest egg eaters in
Christendom.
An expert says of the silage cutter he
likes best: ''The cutter prefer is one
with four knives attached to the main
shaft by cutter heads. This gives con-
tinuous cut and steady motion. There
is not the jar that there is to knives
hung ON a balance wheel and not near
the danger in case an obstruction gets
into the machine. A safety iywheel
should be on every cutter. Buy down
out. 1t runs much steadier and does not
have to be bolted or screwed to some
solid foundation to keep it in place"
It has now been settled that it is not
best to put paint or tar paper on the in
side of the silo. Put tongued and grooved
boards. They swell with the moisture
and keep the silage tight and sweet.
Southdown sheep and lambs are look
ing up
You may not think so, but now, when
animals of all kinds are low, is a good
time to go into the live stock business.
In couple of years there will be q
boom in everything that walks on four
legs and in some things that walk on
two legs
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
|0INTERS FOR THE ST0CKMAN
|,,s,rmation Regarding Live Stock
That Will Be Read With Much
Interest by Farmers and
Stock Growers.

The accompanying plan Of a sheep
arm is one which has been found very
pseful in the northwest for q flock Of
(bont 200 ewes when crowded to its
{u,lest capacity, though more conven.
entlv accommodating $50 to $50 dur.
mo- the lambing season. for which it
.as especially designed, and with slight
,odification made to answer for shear
NJ harm and storing loft later in the
A building 20 by 30 feet on the
round Gig. u and posts 10 feet high
ormed the center, FROM which in three
;rections went out one story wings,
rvo Of them 80 by 20 feet and one 60
" 20 feet making an aggregate floor
mace of about a, 400 feet. The center
las substantially built, as the second
torv was used for storing feed in win.
ar and spring and for the wool clip be.
kween shearing and shipping. Oak posts
inches square were set upon fiat stones,
Embedded so as to bring the upper sur
face 2 inches above ground. Lower
story. s feet, the second story being
|laid with dressed and matched flooring
no as to allow no hayseed or other trasf
/ 10 sift through and to be the more easily
|cleaned for the reception of wool Sin
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
AGR|CULT LTURE -HORT|CUlT TURt
Notes and Facts That Will Prove 4
Interest 10 Those Who Guilt.
vate Farm, Field and
Garden.

G. M. Doolittle, the we'll known apia-
rist, uses paper pans inside Of his ship
ping cases to catch the drip from any
section that may chance to leak. These
pans are made Of MANILA paper. Mr..
Doolittle tells his plan as follows in The
American Bee Journal:
A piece of board was fitted to tho in
side Of the case, the board being seven-
eighths of an inch thick. The paper was
now cut 1 "a larger each way than was
this board, so that when this paper was
folded up evenly all around it the sides
of the paper pans were just seven -eighths
of an inch deep. The pan was then
slipped inside of the case, and little
strip of wood, just as long as the case
was wide and one-half inch wide by
three -sixteenths thick, was placed al
such distances along the inside of the
paper pan as was necessary, so that the
ends of the sections rested upon it, thus
keeping them up three-si xteenths of az
inch from the paper, thus allowing the
| drip to rest below the sections so that
the outside of the cases was never soiled,
while the bottoms Of the sections were
kept clean also if anything should oc
cur to start the honey in them leaking.
This of course requires the cases to bt
made three-sixteenths deeper than they
would be were it not for these little
strips of wood, but the keeping of tn,
sections clean is of fully as much i'm
portance as the preventing of the dril
through th2 cases.
Which colony will store the more sur
plus honey, the one provided with ON
pound sections or the one having tw
pound sections? The foregoing quer.
was asked in the journal quoted all,
answered by ~ apiarists. The ma
jority seemed to think there is yer
little difference, the little, if any, bein
in favor of the two pound sections. On
beekeeper expressed the opinion that tn
one pound sections sell more readily
Another thought that, while more hone
is gained with the two pound sections
you will have more finished section
with the one pound style, which are a,
ways more salable. A third beekeepe
said: II do not think it makes any dit
ference. l have made up my mind thf
when bees are disposed to store hone
they will put it wherever they can fin
| sDace ~
The weekly tribune., 1894-10-12
National Irrigation Reservoirs.

There are vast domains in the south
west and west which cannot be brought
into cultivation by the ordinary proc
esses of irrigation which the individ-
ual farmer resorts to, but which, with
the aid of the government in the con-
struction of large reservoirs from which
water can be drawn as needed, can be
made to bloom like garden. With a
view to bringing about this happy re.
suit Senator PETER asked congress &c
appropriate $500, 900 with which tc
construct reservoirs in the arid portions
of the far west for storing water during
tho winter and early spirng for irriga
ton purposes when needed later. The
Chicago Hay Trade Journal, comment
ing on the foregoing, says:
But Senator Peffer will find thai
$500, 900 will only be drop i'll the
bucket for completing the proposed en-
terprise. The scheme contemplated il
to construct huge reservoirs in the noun
famous and semimountainous portions
| Of tho arid countries wherein the waite
from the spring freshets which nov
serve no beneficial purposes, and, il
fact, contribute annually to work o
destruction in swelling the rivers AM
streams, can be stored for use when tn
hot and dry season comes on.
1t is advanced seriously by those VIII
have given this subject attention tina
nothing will SO tend to change the dr.
climatic conditions of these arid POI
tions as the construction of these sam
reservoirs, where constant evaporati1
will be taking place the year around i'll
stead Of being confined to few days i
the spring in which the freshets occur
Once under cultivation, with the aid c
irrigation, vast change in general col
ditions will no doubt take place.
1t is claimed by some that, as ou
grazing lands are now being rapidly Ell
croached upon by the demands of agr
culture, it will be necessary to reclaii
the arid regions for grazing purposes.