The gold leaf. [volume] (Henderson, N.C.) 1881-1911, 1894-05-17
THE EXPERIMENT STATION
At Raleigh, N. c., offers to Help the
Farmers Of North Carolina
Proper Temperature to Churn-Proftabis
Poultry.

Poultry.
/ What temperature should butter b
churned at TO attain the best results:
=. Do you consider pure bred poultry, such
as Plymouth Rocks and leghorns, much more
profitable Rs flesh producers and layers than
the common breed Of chickens seen around
most farms in this country; oo,,uooa Nc
Answered by F. E. Emery, Agriculturist, n.
c. Experiment Stat1on.l
!. The temperature at which best re-
suits are obtained vary somewhat, first,
with the season, being higher in winter
than in summer : second, with the kind
of foods given the cows, and, third, In
different dairies where difference in
handling the cream may affect the
churning conditions. In winter, where
cows are far advanced in lactation and
considerable cotton seed or cotton seed
| meal is fed, as high as 20 degrees, F., or
possibly two or three higher may be
| found desirable. In summer, with
| fresh cows ON good pasture, as close to
| 60 degrees F. as possible will not be far
wrong for the same dairy. Each ono
must establish it's best degree of heat
| or GOODNESS by actual trials. Too much
| care cannot be bestowed on the proper
''ripening'' of the cream unless you
| churn more for rich buttermilk than
| butter.
,. Yes, unless you put a pure Plym-
outh Rock cockerel at the head Of your
| flock of common fowls aud continue to
| grade up with another from an outside
source when the first is gone. The high
grade birds will take on the character
| istics of the pure bred male in proper
ton to his purity and prepotent powers.
| This plan will be easier for anyone who
has common birds than breeding pure
fowls, and they will have the advantage
of Gf there is any the oft repeated
claim that the graded stock is more pro-
life than that bred pure.
Grapes and Blackberries for Market.
Is there money in raising grapes for market'
What are best varieties, how to plant: etc:
| Will 1t cay to cultivate blackberries. How
are they planted and cultivated: How many to
the acre: Which is best VARIETY ie, VIVA, the
| Answered by w F. Massey, Horticul1urist
| n. e. Experiment Station.
Would not advise planting grapes in
your soil for market. You would be
more troubled with rot probably than
on higher and dryer land. The Soup
pernong for wine purposes is your best
| grape.
Blackberries will pay we'll if you are
near the railroad and handle them
right. Plant them 3x6 feet and tie to
stakes and cultivate well, keeping
down all suckers except in hill. Best
variety is probabl Wilson's early. The
Early King, Early Harvest and Erin are
good, and the kittatiny is excellent
when it does not rust You can get
plants at 50 to sl2 per LOCO.
Benefit of Pea Vines to Land.
kindly let me know what benefit you con-
slider pea vines to land, compared with
roots etc, left after vines are cut of. The in
terest about here is fast awakening to the re-
storation OF old lands Sand most ~ are now
more or less sol by pea sowing. The time is
near by when we will prepare land for wheat or
fall oats and are not fully together as to the
good obtained by leaving the vines to be turned
under some contendlng that fully as good re-
suits can be had in crops that follow, by cutting
worth more than the vine to the land. Do pea
vines extract more from the ar than any other
plant: G. J. b., Middleburg, N. c.
Answered by II. b. Battle, Director, n G..
Experiment Station.
| | am glad to know that the subject of
planting COW peas is being revived in
your section. AS q sure renovator of
old lands, it is one of the very best
crops that can be grown. The cow peas
have the same property as clovers and
leguminous plants in extracting nitro
gen from the atmosphere. This is done
through the means of small tubercles
on the roots which fix the gaseous nj
trogen SO that the roots can utilize it.
In this way large amount is retained
in the roots, as we'll as carried to the
leaves In organic combination. The
blowing under of the whole plant, in.
GLIDING vines after they are ripe. is, OF
course, better than blowing under only
the roots, as there is much fertilizine
matter in the vines and leaves. The
ideal way would be to take off the
vines. cure and feed to cattle. and re.
turn to the land in manure. The next
best way would be to pillow under after
ripe, so that the fertilizing value of the
whole plant is retained in the soil. The
proportionate part Of the total value in
the vines is, of course, dependent upon
the growth of the vines, and no fixed
ratio can be given. l send bulletin No
81, which describes experiments with
peas preceding wheat An increase OF
ten bushels per acre, approximately
has been secured by this method.