davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-05-07

G-a.-. 1-.-g. She got iwo maIcacs
from the colored man. She struck
one of them ON the sidewalk and
then deliberately thrust it under the
nose of her pet.
The effect was instantaneous. The
mastiff quit fighting and sprang off.
The darky ran up and seized the ell
most dead bulldog and lifted him
over a fence, the fin de steele girl
patted the victor for minute, and
then the pair went swinging down
the avenue again, both very well
satisfied with their adventure.
Washington Post.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-05-07
Monday, May !. 1894.
WONDERFUL FIGURES.

The building and loan association is
an institution that, wherever established
has come 10 stay. 1t is the one scheme
that at all times and in all places offers
and affords safe and profitable invest
ment for people of small means. Though
not nearly so extensive in its occupation
of the field of small investment as its
merits warrant. there will nevertheless
be much to surprise the average reader
in the following statistics of building
and loan associations in the United
States. just now made public by Labor
Commissioner Carroll ID. Wright
The total number of associations in
the country is 5.S3S. of which 5.59s are
local and 24O national. The total mum
Der of shareholders is Las. 725. of which
9l9,614 are male. The average number
of shareholders is 30l. The number of
shareholders who are borrowers is il5.41l
or 26l. per cent. There are l3.255.s72
shares held of which l0.SSl03l are in
local. and the remainder in national as
sociations. The average number of
shares held per shareholder Is "a. The
total net assets are S45O.667 .J93 of which
s4l3647 22s are in local organizations.
The net assets per shareholder aver
age6ver s257. and the total profits are
sSO.G64.11G. Of which s74 4.402969 are from
the local organizations. The number of
homes acquired through the associa-
tions is 300. SOB in the local and 1882 in
the national, making a total of 3li.1j5.
The average age Of the associations is a
little over 6 years. The figures show
that the building and loan associations
of the country are entirely modern in
sttutions. and have reached their great
est proportions within the last ten or
fifteen years. This. in connection with
the fact that they have net assets Of over
s450,00O, 600, have made total profits Of
more than sS0,0O0,0O0. helped to secure
probably over 100000 homes and are
semi banking institutions. conducted by
ordinary men, unframed as bankers.
show conclusively the strong hold which
anu lOdI deeOtldllpls ndNt ldh
en- upon the public
There is nothing to compare with this
aggregation of figures in volume. except
perhaps the statistics Of the life insur-
ance companies, whose affairs are man
aged by the highest priced II not most
noted financial talent Of the country.
while with the building and loan associ-
ations the expenses are merely nominal
and the management Of affairs is in the
majority of instances by men who would
never claim to be tinaDclers. Honesty
horse sense and community of interest
are the safeguards of the building and
loan associations. and as long as the
course is steered by these cardinal
points, the outcome is assured and prof
liable.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-05-07

Voltaire and Rousseau, though on
friendly terms, were in the habit of
firing off jokes at one another. One
day Rousseau was dining with Vol
taire, and oysters We're brought on
the table, for, as somebody has re-
marked, no dinner could be complete
without them. The author of En-
lie, after helping himself pretty free
ly, made the somewhat injudicious
remark:
Il am sure could eat as many oys-
tiers as Samson slew Philistlnes.
With the same weapopl" (the jaw
bone of an ass slyly inquired Vol
taire.
Rousseau did not soon forget the
little joke at his expense and sought
an opportunity for revenge. Not
long afterward Noltaire called at his
house during his absence. The door
being open, he walked into the libra
ry, and finding all the books thrown
about in confusion and covered with
dust he traced on one of them the
word 'cochon" pig with his finger.
Next day he met Rousseau and said
TO him:
Il called at your house yesterday.
but did not find you III.
Il know replied the latter. Il
found your card Popular Maga-
zine.
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-05-07
tn. GIRL AND HER DOG.
Miss Upt"date Knew just What to Do
When the Time Came.

Miss Upt"date Knew just What to Do
When the Time Came.
She came swinging down Connec-
ticut avenue with the fin de steele
stride, garb and air. Ambling Sc
dately by her side was a huge, tawny
mastif. Her cheeks We're aglow
from the kiss of the air and the Wig
or Of her movements She looked
well bred from crown to heel; she
looked happy and bright and well
groomed and healthy and was a
daughter Of wealth, for her plain
gray suit was tailor made and to the
initiated costly raiment.
Suddenly fair sized bulldog dart
ed out and sprang upon her mastiff.
There was an angry growl as the
mastiff was seized by the fore leg,
and the girl sprang back. turned and
made two steps, as if to run. Then
she faced about and walked back to
within few feet of the fighting ami
mails, The bulldog had secured
firm hold on the fore leg of the mas
tiff, who fioundered about unable TO
break the hold of the fierce little
beast They rolled over and over,
and the bulldog hung on like death.
A burly negro happened along
about this time, and thinking to re-
lease the big pet raised spade he
was carrying and approached the
dogs. He was about to bring it
down on the bulldogs head when
the girl shouted:
Let those dogs alone. Don't you
strike either of them. If that big
dog of mine can't whip that little bit
of a thing, l won't own him"
Probably encouraged by the sound
of his mistress voice, the mastiff
managed to seize the bulldog by the
throat. The latter gasped and re-
leased his hold, and the now thor
oughly infuriated mastiff would
doubtless have soon killed his small
er foe. The girl, satisfied as to her
champions prowess, now did an TN
usual thing. She walked up and
seized the mastiff by the collar and
attempted to pull him away. Fail
ing in this, she did much more IN
The Yellowstone journal., 1894-05-07

Give loose rein TO passion, and there
is more danger of a runaway and a
wreck than there is in riding behind
wild horse. Rams Horn.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03
THE SHAKER DOCTOR.
a coon MtN WHO OPENS ms PURSE
TO THE POOR
Tonight lie wun Give Away raur
Hundred Baskets OF Provisions
TO the Unemployed and
Needy.

For some time past Dr Louis Turner.
( the shaker doctor Of the Shaker Medicine
company. has been ,ecturlnE 20 immense
thr5nrs " people no the corner OF Prairie
avenue ana Fanulu street. and Will con-
tinue 20 DO SO fcr some time ye; on the
afaicsions Of men and cures OF diseases,
The eveains lectures ore from 7:So O'Clock
and those In The afternoon from 70 &
o'clock, except Fridays, lie is in the
world to 90 good and is at present cVer-
cisiDg himself and medicines In BEHALF Of
;he physical man
lie is a lavse-hearted. good and gener-
GUS man. and feeling the necessity Of this
hour OK hard times and suffering among
tae poor ana unemployed VIII give away
tomorrow Mch. faug hundred baskets of
food and provisions TO tne poor. Those
in need win nos neglect his generous offer
The doctor has Offices at the Canltc.
Hotel where he can Dee seen from t' u
dsiiy. His treatment Of all diseases is
successful and he thinks 10 his duty to
co all hf can 30 relieve suffering Auu.D-
er l7ier VIII s2p tae springs OF life or
iaE tA- foundation for a miserable old age
unless checked and cured. Large eNrerl-
enes % medicine IN an sincerity assures
treatment aud uy using nis medicines
rapid cares are effected .n the worst cases
ln short time and AZ reasouth cN-
peuse. There Us danger in ne-ieet or ATE
DO nut waste time ana Complcata the
trouble bat call On this eminent physl-
clan or attend one ot his lectures ana
near what he has 60 say tIit WI. M your
case as he does NOT c7uuUe himself 10
any one particular ailment in his dis
Er is doctor OF scientific education,
prAtt.th l,nowlclge and a lover Of hui
Wa0it which nr Wnt7 h.:l 90 afford .n-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03

..-.-,-,,-,fi ouartette." confused Of
,S.ssre Gruncwad. Adair Taylor ana
Nrrrnis rendered some musical nGlios' >
urlch were h.chly appreciated 9na ~.
tea6g the SECOND lrd third acts Mr. a
bert t. Mills sang the beautiful new Vt
isE hv 1Ir. Thomas A. Bowers OF thi-
si3,- Two IItla SwccthcHr'S' So wen
ma it was aearg.y encorti -,
4 very pleasing ana much apHreel3 y. u
fsstftre 81 the entertainment was ihe p1t-
ian SUMS by little Suss Ann.c-Eeih l"tN;
vocaHs. ever seen on tke boards % the
Tie ',,y sow Redott win be repeated
mt matinee thls afternoon ana VIII
doubtless attract large audience.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03
sherIn,s CoInnan.

Al officers look out Tor ana arrest
August Hon, German boy si,ou; II Year,
OLD, about feet nigh weight sf5s-t 81,
ponnis. blue eyes, black cury hair. l5te
DN4nY' has two sores ~ rikht farI.
speaks broken English. had on whan lt-f
seeA hlue pants VIII small check. IiHG
ssHg AlAli brown Hlpuchpd hat WglI worn
pL,ek frqek coat made Of c1rHrcreg ai9if.
e9At " hGn burnt white shirt No. q
nopti broad toes, short legs. wa7,ti f,r
,nels pi z DAY inare ye4rs ola. ablut ID
i is4.ls hiaA. branded y K on lefi sa8tH.ier.
i9ns name ana tan; $40 reward for ans,
en cuetenuon 81 thief / hold yarrIrif
Aeerge lsllis, shcrln Houston sra5.4 '-
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03

Everybody doing business of any kind
muse nave city occupation license or
look cut for trouble
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03
VALENTINES

.n lots 60 the trade and at retail from Sc
70 s.. iuy of Hancock the book seller,
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03

10 sMokhRS AND THE TRADE
>, ~ Iaub sells Old North state g-1,,,
o., ,,or, enseey Ernest money can bIy Gr
Congress avenue. " ANl 'Vli
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03

THE WONDER STORE.
f2ia feet from Crawfouis Tea store.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03

Judge W. +. Hamblen: II think the
propoaitlon Is perfeetly fair and lust
one. but do not think that It viii be ac-
ceDted. There must be an Endorsement
Of the same principles by the party or
else there ~ no party. II some favor the
popuift idea and others tho republican
PLATFORM then Of course tthey have no
hnsltess Ia the democratic party II Mr.
Baker Ignores the proposition and calls
hia convention and the democrats party
. defeated IN tho noxt State convention.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03

TIE Pars yestrrilsx gathered s7-Df *
rrsstI5ns q ogilnipn upon the p-Caasislon
81 et-arsc=nise q -hs differences sxisi-
snr s,esreea The sacsians II ire lsspocasie
rss-.y. a. fs4anu,sse1 IS ,ae Nasigrs cor'-
snitsss az she recent meeting = Dallas
trae oplrssus % HaEg ana clark snsn
were ssllriiea alike and fdr raa ra1si Pr;
se..-.- Esc4sosal rfeiiIreaans sza ne resl
hstuasen the li1eR.
The Houston daily post. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1886-1903, 1894-02-03


AA,or A I-p9sean ssid; Ywhen he
bolt q the Clark qeoeie waa c5nsufnrst-
- e s'7Ft Worm b tasiF allegiance win
Inc republican parly. use Galveston N..yis
tnfn f931 THAI the spill was and Woald ~
rssTnAreiit ara ~ II RIn be aa oar - tie
ieAdfis q the fiarh faction ara on.
cerned, Thsy are Zoo great lu thlir ~.
estimation % % priyates "a me rarRs *
me cf1rafJaiie party. aud they wili reyar
ilarnqfixs but they win INA themHelyer
leaters without followers They one led
many gegl, honest democrats into an ans
anct ~iih the republican party. the csi4,-
mpr enemy Of democracy bnt they .sAn'.
do u aGaia. no matter their intellee-
tuel atiatnments. Men are not apt d
eycrl7sfinely follow unsuccessful ieaaers.
Governor HoRgs speech at Dallas M,
suihcienf % inenre democratic harmony
p AL people who have the welfare "a fhe
state Of Texas az heart The demoernfte
party y better OF without faetions led.
eIf. VIVA have now run their career thhn
with them. II the democratic state eyee.
AIive committee were to entertain IN
propositions Of Judge clark'a exeetitlv,
committee, ! really believe that the laftei
would further Insist on making the ia,
waiian anpe1ation question a test Of thei,
democracy"
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
County Superintendent
eyre e the Dancer.

Cyrene, the clever dancer, will perform
here on the nights of September l. and
Is, next Monday and Tuesday. The News
and Observer, in speaking of the per
tormance last night, says: A very pleas,
ant entertainment was given at the
Academy of Music last evening by the
Cyrene company. Mrs DR.. Payne, of
Nashville, Tenn made her first appear
ance with the company and sang very
prettily, her high notes being particularly
clear and finished. She was heartily ap-
plauded, and sang as an encore The
Song That Reached Ny Heart" Mrs.
Governor Carr and party of lady friends
were present and seemed to enjoy the
entertainment. Mrs. Payne will sing at
every entertainment given by the COM
pany hereafter
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
County Schools
DURHAM, \ G. , Sent

DURHAM, n c, Sept. IA, 1894
MIR EDITpK- We furnish you a list ot
the names of he white teachers that were
eXtmIn "n vcsteIdty:
Females-Bessie II L.tta, Ella Hollo
way, Cora ( G z,rt Geneva E Welborn
Claudio NicnoIs, Agnes SIN tn and Viola
Sawyer
Males-H4scll n ,rNood, T. B, Chris.
ti4n, W G Bradshaw, F J Lynn, James
f. Latta and Sexton Lawrence.
These teachers were all Oht dient TO na
and they are intelligent, wide awake,
earnest, energetic, we'll educated teac b.
ers. They all received first grade certi
ii ;ates,
We DO not grant a first grade cer,iti
cate to anyone who does not strictly and
justly merit and deserve it All friends
of public education in Durham county.
or elsewhere, are invited TO attend these
regular examinations and see for them
selves, The next regular examination
will be Thursday, October II, 1898, for
the whites and Friday the 18th for the
c)lored X B. BLALOCK,
County SuDerintpnden,
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14

S.25.U REV WARD-T viii give the above re-
= ward for the conviction of anyone for
shooting, trapping netting partridges in
violation OF the Las There is a nne of 5000
Tor killing partridges bet ween the 18th day of
Marcn ana the lst day of November.
7. II. MARTIN.
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
In MenOrianl.

To Durham Lodge, No. 352, A F. S A. VI.
BRETHREN-Your committee appoint
ed to present suitable memorial on the
death Of our brother, the late W a. AL
bright, herewith report as follows:
In the death Of our brother We are again
reminded of that omni-present law of
human existence "In the midst of life
we are in death" Man dieth and goeth b
to his long home, and where is he :" Life
is even vapOr, that appeareth away"
latest conclusions of advanced science
teach that what we call death is but a
change Of form There is really no death,
The vital essence disappears from the
mortal tenement only to reappear in som e
other form. This, indeed, is confirmed
by Revelation itself, which speaks of go,
ing on from glory to glory. So let US
trust that our brother will go on from
glory to glory, until at the general resur-
rection he shall hear from the great Judge
Of all the earth the blessed assurance,
well done, good and faithful servant,
enter thou into the Joy of thy Lord"
A famous English orator once said !:
The angel of death is gassing over the
land. | seem even now to hear the beat
ing of his wings" Yes, in every day in
every year In some household, the tread
Of the death angel may be felt, and the
rustling of his wings be heard. But, we
take courage when we reflect that the
angel Of death is also the angel of life,
for, if death divides he may also re, unite.
Our brother cannot return to US, but
we can go to him. Death has divided
US, and only death will unite US. The
angel who sits within the shadow of
the sepulchre is also the angel of the
resurrection of our immortal souls and
bodies
Pleasant OF address, genial in disposi.
ton, kind hearted by nature, our brother
had many warm friends. These, we may
well believe, will long cherish his memory
with tenderness and affection. AS a
Mason, he was as faithful to his obliga-
tion as human fallibility will allow. The
scythe-the emblem of time-has cut the
brittle thread of life, and he is launched
into eternity, We shall greatly miss his
presence and counsels in our gatherings
for the good Of the order. He discreetly
wore the three precious jewels-a listen.
ing ear, silent tongue and a faithful
heart We may we'll feel that when his
work shall be finally passed upon by the
grand master of the supreme lodge above
it will meet with his approval May he
rest in peace and felicity and in the hope
of joyful resurrection, and so enter the
heavenly abodes and live in the beatifc
presence for evermore. To his family we
extend our earnest sympathy and BID
them patiently wait the time when they
may be re united to him and enter the
heavenly home and so pass together their
eternity
Resolved, That copy of this memorial
be sent to the family and copy be pub
lished in the daily papers of the city and
Orphans Friend.
STEWART MCQUEEN,
A. YATES,
Committee
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14

Th.y Think 1t Will Develop This Section
,,ro,.. r.. pro.n.ritv in Everv
,. co-,,. an, Conu,.v WIN Re
Indicted by the Ne" jersey authorities
for Prize Fighting
I,,rrr,npr Md ~.pto,o5cr H.
Eir,ht barI, presidents. Including heads
,fI,nl,irg bur,a. +, New York. Bal
,i,,,nro ItIant, BIRMINGHAM Rich
,,,nnJ savannah and Norfolk, give
,,,,;pinns in tho Manufacturers Record
III, ,y.,.l, ,f thn .tfnrt of +he Southern
,..,iI,,.,,, nr,r.niz,ti,r ON +h. future Of
r
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
The MOhern Raantr

Thrives on good food and sunshine, with
plenty of exercise in the open air. Her
form glows with health and her face
blooms with its beauty. If her system
needs the cleansing action of laxative
remedy, she uses the gentle and pleasant
liquid laxative Syrup of Figs
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
L" My Friends aud Patrons

ILAPecI TO leave next week for the
TiI1inot, mil 1i,'n markets to buy my fall stock of
lI,.:.y '-rrt,lueIy ana am forced 10 ask All those
=, ',nS 'lt accounts to come in and settle
=, I.lu once as l am needing the monev I
It.,' iore al! Will make an effort to nav whst
~ icy owe as am going to maxi = cb"n%o
yy W my business about October snd 1so Tso {
'''y anxious to close my old books O l !"
Mrs. ADA SMITH
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
TORNADO SWEEPS MEMPHIS
"P' a Negro, Was Killed, and Two
other Persons Injured.

'l'' 4 Negro. w as Killed, and Two
other Persons Injured.
N.NrHl~. Trun., September IA
..""n of North Memph was swept
" ''E"aa" yesterday at 1880 a. m,
-. ..>.."''nE and damaging property to
,"' extent Of $500 and killing one
-T. H"hvrt Culp, and injuring two
.'. persons Slightly. The portion of
.'E visited Is the seat of the lum-
y, and the damage falls upon
'..' them. One hundred wards of
49,. Wolf river bridge of the Che>a-
.."... Ohio and Southwestern railroad
|"> 0.>rd mp and thrown one hundred
assay. The tornado came from the
~..' travelled due north. and il j.
~' "y the weather bureau to have
ID purely local. Conan'> cotton rin
. y north Of Memphis were partly un-
."'''i and trees We're twisted and up-
..''' "a 4 mere pipe stems. Corn and
''''on IN the path OF the tornado were
destroyed
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
REMEMBER THAT I AM AGENT FOR THE
OIL CAN

in five
hemo
you make your purchases when need Of goods either wholesale
the RACKET Grocery the Magum and Parrish
hands
the in
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14

HELP WANTED. MALE-Are YOU uuem-
IL pIoyed: Will you work for $l5 weekly :
Enclose reference snd seIf-addressed stamped
envelope Secretary. Box 7. Chicago.
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
THE FUTURE OF THE SOUTH
Effect of the Southern Rail-
way Reorganization,
OPINION OF BANK OFFICERS
All Agree That 1t Will Prove a
Powerful.

They Think 1t viii Develop This section
and Increase Its Prosperity in Every
Form Corbett and Courtney VIII Be
Indicted by the New jersey Authorities
for Prize Fighting.
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
To the Voters Of Durham County.

[ hereby announce myself candidate for
the office of Clerk of the Superior Court of
Durham County, N. c.. and I pledge to all if
elected to perform the duties of the office to
the best of my ability, free and imDartially.
Yours truly, w. J. CHRISTIAN.
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14
Sneed 4 Thomas.
PEOPLES COLUMN

short Time Cards, Cent per word per
day: One Inch, - per month: Two and
One-Half Inches, ~ per month.
The Durham daily globe. (Durham, N.C.) 1889-1894, 1894-09-14

EOR SALE-Peny. Cart and Harness. J. w
Il Hutchins City Market
Asheville daily citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1890-1900, 1894-02-28
WHERE THE PRESIDENT IL
In North Carolina Waters, Per
hapS Shooting bucks.

NORFOLK, Va, Feb. 2S.-Thc light
house steamer Violet with President
Cleveland and Secretary of State Grcsl
am aboard passed through this harbol
yesterday bound south, and steamer
III last night, reports passing the Violet
i'll the Virginia section of the Albemarc
and Chesapeake canal at 12 IN. yestcr.
day. The President and Mr.. Gresham
were standing out on the upper deck
forward as the two steamers met. The
captain of the north bound steamer
salutcd the President who returned it
with marked politcncss, a lady being at
the side of the former.
Another steamer, in this morning, re,
ports the steamer Violet tied at II
O'Clock last night at a lighthouse sta
tion at Long Point in the North Carolina
division of the Albcmarlc and Chcsa-
pcakc :canal just across Currituck
sound, about GO miles from this city.
II the party wanted to duck in that sec
tlon, Long Point is lust the place. The
Violet would be left while sportsmcn took
a launch and returned into Currituck
sound this morning. When the last
steamer passed the Violet everybody on
board OF the latter was apparently
asleep
Asheville daily citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1890-1900, 1894-02-28
DOSSEY BATTLES LECTURE
Interesting Talk on The Keeley
Cure Last Evening

Dossey Battle did not have a large
audience 10 hear his lecture on the keclcy
cure for alcoholism and opium addiction
as disease at the hall of the Y. M, C., A,
last evening. Like everything spoken by
MIR. Battle the lecture was bright and
entertaining. The speaker declared Ills
emphatic belief in the theory that
alcoholism is disease. lie thought DR..
keeley one of those great men that
Providence brings upon the stage of the
worlds history to amelioratc the condi,
tion OF man. When smallpox was raw.
aging the earth Jcnncr came with vacci
nation; when hydrophobia was thought
to be incurablc, Pasteur discovered its
antidote; Koch had startled the modern
world with his lymph Tor the cure of
consumption, and kcelcy came with his
bi chloride of gold. No science, said the
speaker, had made such marvellous
strides as medicine, Doctors formerly
treated effects almost exclusively; now
they were treating causes. Alcoholism
was the effect of diseased will, which
has its seat in the brain.
MIR. Battle paid a handsome tribute to
the marvellous growth Of Ashevillc since
he visited the city twelve years ago.
The lecture was greatly cpjoycd by all
those present, and it is possible The CIR.
IzEN may publish it in full in few days.
1t will be well worth reading both as Il
modern handling Of the temperance qucs.
tion and as literary production.