The Progress., 1894-04-21
THE FARM AND HOME.
PROTECTING APPLES FROM
DISEASES BY SPRAYING.
What to Apply, How and When to Make
the approximations as rood for
Iowls-Crops Grown for Hogs-Iarm
Notes and Home Hints.
Spraying apple Orchards.

nection with the growing OF apples
Those who have had experience in
this direction are practically unani-
NOUS in saying that it not on y pays
to spray apple orchards, but 1t pays
well. The doubts as to it being adj
visabc are rapidly disappearing,
and the main questions are, what to
apply. and how and when to make
the application. What we want to
GnI ont is the best methods Of treat
ing apple orchards, so as to obtain
fruit of the best quality with the
least expense.
The apple scab fungus is probably
the most serious enemy of the apple
grower. 1t has been determined
that this fungus is active even be-
fore the leaf buds open, and probably
even earlier 1t is still to be learned
at what season the growth OF the
fungus practically ceases, and during
what period the apples and leaves
are mOs0 liable to its attacks. This
may be determined in two ways:
First, by studying the life history Of
the fungus; and, second, by applying
fungicldes at intervals to the
trees. If the last method is followed
very thoroughly, the results may be
obscured by the more or less COM
plete determination early in the sea-
son of the fungus in the treated Or
chard. But if a few thorough appli-
cations made at the proper
time will prove to be sufficient to
protect the trees, the fact that the
trees are thus protected is OF great
practical value, whatever the life
history of the fungi may be
The relative merits of the most
important fungicides now in use Still
require careful consideration-coSt,
ease in preparing and applying, ad-
hesive power, all must enter into
any comparison which may be made,
and of late a still more important
factor has been added; namely, the
readiness with which the fungicide
may be applied in combination with
! the arsenites
Spraying need not be neglected
from a want of effective material or
spraying machinery says the journal
of Agriculture. The kind to use in
orchard work is an important matter.
Spraying is hard work, unless The
pump is run by horse power. This
can only be used in very .arge
orchards. The most Of Orchardists
have to use hand pumps, and they
are offered in almost endless variety,
therefore selections are often difficult.
The pump should be powerful. 1t
requires double work to use given
amount of liquid with small pump
that it would one of ample size.
Working parts should be made of
brass or brass lined, as the action Of
the material used would soon corrode.
The air chamber should be small, so
that the operator can quickly in
crease the pressure of the liquid in
the nozzle. A large air chamber de-
feats this. Many pumps are supplied
with agitators, but have not proved
satisfactory, neither does the one
with return pipe or rubber hose, as
1t only stirs up the liquid in the
middle or where the current comes
in contact with the fluid. The best
way would be to STIR up with a stick
or long paddle before commencing
on each tree.
The spray should be as fine as it is
possible to make it, and care should
be taken to get proper nozzle.
What to Grow for the Hogs.
There are some things that the
breeders of swine are learning in
Colman's Rural World. One of them
is that they must not rely so much
on corn in growing and developing
their hogs, for corn is developer oil
fat instead of bone and muscle. If q
good bone development is required,
pigs must be fed on food that will
good for this purpose, so are peas
and bran and shorts and linseed
meal, and the swine breeder should
have some of or all these who would
have first class stock,
Another most excellent food fol
swine and, in fact, for all youne
stock is clover either as pasturage OF
properly cut and cured. Where
alfalfa is raised. and it belongs tt
the clover family, hogs have beer
raised and fattened almost entirely
on it. Glover properly cut and cured
makes a good winter food for hogs
, particularly when cut up in cutting
box and steamed or even wet up ant
, a little bran or ground feed nlixet
with it, and nothing makes hog
thrive better in winter. They neet
something not quite SO concentrated
as grain, and cut up and steamed
/ clover just fills the bill. Indeed
, we'll cured clover hogs, after d little
experience will eat even dry ant
uncut.
The breeders of hogs should have
an artichoke patch. II it is in some
out of the way field that the.hog
can have access to. so much the bet
ter. The richer the field the CREATE
, the yield. We have had reliable per
, sons tell us in rich bottom lands the,