davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
NEARLY A MILE In DEPTH,
The Deepest Mining Shaft in the
World is Said to BE in Mich
gan.

Less than month ago the deepest
mining shaft in the world reached the
copper lode IN the Tamarack mine
Shaft No. 3, which is now lriflt
over 4, 200 feet in depth, was begun
three years ago, and reached the vein
on August 4 at a depth of 4,lS5 feet
says an Apachee mich special.
A trip down three-quarters of a
mile iuto the bowels of the earth is a
decided novelty. Entering the cage,
which is an iron elevator fitted with
all modern safety appliances, and
hoist doeJ lowered by an inch and-a-
half wire cable passing over "a great
drum in the engine-house near the
shalt, the signal is given to lower.
A separate cage is always used for
carrying men, and the rate of speed is
less than where rock is hoisted or
timber low cred Ill the other compart-
ments. The trip requires five min
utes, and, as the cage sinks at rate of
speed equal to that of the swiftest ele-
vator in modern sky-scraper, the
dark walls of rock, on which faint
light is thrown by the candles and oil
lamps Of the party seem to be swiftly
shooting upward while the cage is
standing still.
AT last the bottom is reached, A
dozen miners, covered with CRIME and
dust, are busily at work. Power
drills, fed by compressed air coming
almost mile through iron pipes, a.e
tapping the rock petulantly. Men are
shoveling the rock blasted from the
lode into the cars, which are trundled
into the cages and hoisted to the sur
face. The candles throw weird shad-
shadows, and as the reflection comes
to the mind of the mortal from earth's
surface that he is deeper down under
the earth's crust than man has ever
penetrated before, the desire to as
cend to fresh air and sunshine is apt
to come uppermost.
A few minutes show all that is to be
seen, for No. shaft has just reached
the lode, and the extensive system of
drifts, cross cuts and wines existing
in other shafts of the mine have been
but begun down here. The work is
all planned for many years to come,
and the force OF compressed air and
the muscles of man will transfer those
plans from the paper where they were
placed by the busy brain of the en-
gineer into openings in the solid rock,
inch by INCH, but with the same pow
er of ever-ceasing persistence which
causes the falling drop of water in the
course OF long ages to wear away the
stone.-Louisville Times.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
The Negro at the North.

The New York Sun in commenting
on phamphlet containing the letters
| OF Governor Northen, called forth by
northern criticisms of the treatment of
negroes i'll the South, calls attention
to recent incident in Brooklyn.
This incident is of unusal interest, be-
cause it shows the real feeling OF
northern people toward the negro.
We gather from The Sun that rich
and respectable colored man bought
d house in an eligible quarter of
Brooklyn. When this fact became
known the white residents in the
neighborhood showed both alarm and
Indignation. One of them informed a
reporter of The Sun that sit was ~
id outrage" The lady who owns
the house next to the one bought by
the colored man said to the man who
had sold the property: Il want to
know what right you have to do such
II mean thing. Do you think you
have acted the part of a Christian to
ruin my property" "He ID highly
respec table," acknowledge the tenant
of this lady's house, but, of course, we
object to the possibility of living next
door to a colored man. Quoting these
things The Sun goes on to say:
eff this colored man, rich, re-pecta-
BILE and educated, and we'll behaved,
as General Molineaux describes him
to be, should move into that house
with his family the value of all the
property in the neighborhood would
decline seriously. If he undertook to
buy residence for himself i'm another
quarter of Brooklyn, or in any quarter
Of New York not already inhabited
ny negroes he would encounter the
same prejndices. Usually the intro
luction of colored family into a
enement house drives out the white
occupants, no matter how poor and
humble they may be; and the hard
hips to which respectable and we'll
o-do negro families are compelled to
,ubmit in being restricted by this race
prejudice to undesirable districts of
he town are oftentimes very CALLING
o them. No matter how prosperous
md how,well educated negro may
ne, he has 10 more chance Of being
received in white society at the north
than he has at the SOUTH"
The Sun concludes that theGovernor
pf Georgia is right in denouncing as
hypocritical the northern condemna-
ion of the south because it keeps up
he color line. Atlanta Constitution.
~
4, l., Al
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
Harlan For President.

Since Justice Harlan's decision on
the rights of railroad men to quit
work, providing they do it quietly,
the talk about him as a Presidential
candidate on the Republicans ticket
has increased. 1t was only last week
that Hon. Benjamin Butterworth, in a
conversation about the future and
about candidates, expressed the opin-
ion that Judge Harlan would give to
Presidential race at the head of a
national ticket rare interest for a
good many people.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
What Women are Doinu.

Here are few facts to fill the fem
mime heart with pride. In Nebraska
woman owns and personally operates
travelling steam threshing-machine
outfit. and goes about the country
with it and makes her own contracts.
There are two women captains on
steamboats, on the Mississippi river,
each one holding United States
marine license as captain. One owns
her own boat; the other is owned by
company of merchants. There
is another captain of a steamer
on Puget Sound. There are three
women pilots on the Mississippi river,
all holding licenses. In single saw
mill in Washington State two women
work on the shingle machines, and at
another mil in the locality a woman
runs the dummy log engine that
hauls the immense logs into the mill
yard. In Chicago a woman is engi-
neer of steam laundry plant, having
control of the large engine and con-
siderable machinery. Another Chi
cago woman is engineer of the entire
plaDt--engine, steam heat, elevator
power and water syslem--in one of
The sky-scrapcr buildings down-tu wn,
and woman runs an elevator in u
hotel there,
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
a Cruel Wife.

The Paris Kentuckian-C Citizen gives
an account of the maltreatment OF
Henry Hall, colored, by his wife
Frances. Frances became jealous of
Henry and knocked him down, then
jumped OH him and stamped him, in
fiicting such injuries AS resulted in his
death d few DAYS later.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
About Women.

1t is not likely that Mrs. Cougar
minds the protest evoked by her wish
to be "God Almighty for just five
minutes" 1t is probable that q
woman who has reached her plane Of
advancement rather enjoys shocking
other people.
In forming protective associations
TO fight the trolley line away from
their front doors, the ladies of the
New Jersey suburbs are as courageous
as Mrs. Partington when she tackled
the ocean, and it is to be hoped that
they will have better luck.
The case of Mrs. Drake, of Roches-
ter, found dying on her husbands
grave, was most pathetic, but the
pathos was marred by the New York
paper which reported that she was
found in the cemetery "where her hus-
band lies in semi-conscious condi-
tion."
There is something romantic about
the determination of a female member
of the Vanderbilt family not to come
home from the Canadian woods until
she has killed a stag, but certain
philosophers are unable to see how
killing a stag in the woods is really a
more feminine employment than
butchering an OK in slaughter-house.
1t is said in praise of New York
young lady who is about TO marry
that "she has performed literary
work of a meritorious character :"
The time seems to have come when
young ladies must be taught to per-
form literary work as they perform on
the piano. Fortunately, a happy
marriage and second baby generally
cure them.
The Young Woman's Christian As
ISOLATION of New York is showing
what young women can do when their
sympathies are enlisted in good work.
Their zeal is reminder of the time
when two penniless peasant girls cal
ling themselves "The Little Sisters of
the Poor" began a work which now
gives food and comfort to thousands
of old and helpless people who might
otherwise die friendess.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
Bank Note Officials Indicted.

A. w. Holmes, G. G, Cheney and Z.
A. Smith, officers of the ST. Louis
Bank Notes Company, were Wednes-
day indicted by the grand jury ON tie
charge of having printed 100000
worth of warrants for the State of
Mississippi, which were being passed
the same as money,
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
Character in Handwriting.

''Do you believe in this talk about
discovering a mans character from his
handwriting"
II do" replied Mr.. Hasben Swift,
with sigh.
"Ever know of its being tried ?"
eyes. And with fatal efficacy.
The experiment is most successful
when the handwriting is read aloud
in court"
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

The registration of voters at Chicago
was the heaviest ever known in the
city, the total number being 2c5, 600.
About 5000 women registered for the
privilege of voting tor trustees of the
State University
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

Hardin, Eldred, Taylor and Morris,
whose trial at Nashville, Tennessee,
charged with stealing $4,000 from
the Adams Express Company, occu-
pied the attention of the court for two
and half weeks, were all acquitted
on Wednesday.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

The Frankfort Capital says: "a
young lady who is quite bicyclienne
received package recently from one
of her admirers, with the following
note: 81 sena you by mail a pair of
boomers, which you will please wear
for my sake" She was at first quite
angry, but on opening the package
her anger was changed to joy, for it
contained pair of lovely roses"
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
Drowned While Crossing a Creek.

John Pickett fell from his horse
while crossing Red River, near Clay
City, Tuesday, and was drowned. He
was under the influence of liquor, and
could have got out had he beeen So
Der, as the water was only about fif-
teen inches deep.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

Prof. Ramsey. the famous Scotch
lecturer on "The Acts of the Apos-
ties" holds gold medal presented to
him by the Pope in recognition of his
services to religion and his literary
labors.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

A Maine Yankee, who settled in
Guadalupe county, Texas, and who
owns big farm and a gin, breaches
regularly for an Atro-American Bap-
fist church and charges nothing tor
his services. He has made almost the
entire Aro-American population of
the county Baptists.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

A bronze statue of DR.. j. Marion
Sims is to be unvailed at New York.
This is said to be the first statue
erected to a member of the medical
profession i'm the United States.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

The negro Republicans of the Louis
vile District are disssiified that their
race is not represented on the ticket,
and are making preparations to put
out ticket OF their own.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

That new bridge at Louisville is an
u fortunate one. In taking down
the false work from just completed
span, two men were badly Injured
Wednesday. This is the same span
the falling of which caused such ia
tally last December.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

The best salve in the world for cuts
bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rheum, feves
sores, letter, chapped hands, chilblains
corns, and all skin eruptions, and
positively cures piles, or no pay re-
quired. 1t is guaranteed to give per-
feet satisfaction, or money refunded
Price % cents per box. For sale by
W S. Lloyd. I9-tf
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23
THE ADVOCATE.

The third annual meeting OF the
Kentucky Bankers Association was
. held in Paducah Wednesday and
. Thursday.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

The revival of business throughout
Indiana has put damper upon the
Xtravagant claims of the Republi-
ans, Within the past forty-five
days factories employing $4,000 hands
rave resumed operations, with heav-
Ter pay-rolls than ever before. 1t is
estimated that 50 per cent. of them are
cunning on full time and many of
hem double time. Some interesting
natter relative to the record of the
Republican candidate Tor Secretary of
State will be found in another column.
Money advanced on tobacco by
A. Hoffman. 11-2t
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

The Lexow Investigation Commit
tee has decided to investigate the New
York police officials, Commissioners
and leading politicians.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

Senator Stewart, of Nevada, is ne
gotiating for the purchase of the
Mount Airy estate, one of the most
picturesque stock farms in the Shenan-
doah Valley. 1t comprises 1000
acres OF the finest lands in the country,
fine stone mansion built in 1911,
with outlying buildings and every &C
commodation for stock. He will de-
vote large sums to the improvement of
the land, and will spend at least a
portion of each year there with his
family.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

When you wish to buy flour, coffee.
or sugar, call on j. b. White, he will
not allow any body TO sell them
cheaper than he sells them. 10.4t
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

Old Papers for sale at this office.
The Mt. Sterling advocate. (Mt. Sterling, Ky.) 1890-current, 1894-10-23

State troops guarding the jail at
Washington Court House, Ohio. fiji ed
upon an attacking mob Wednesday
evening. killing three men, fatally
wounding man and boy and slight
ly wounding several others. AS usual
when mob suffers, the persons killed
are represented as innocent spectators.
The prisoner who was sought was a
negro who had been sentenced to
twenty years in prison for criminal
assault upon a woman. Threats of
blowing up the Jail were made after
the attack failed, but additional troops
were ordered out and ell became quiet.
<~--
There is red hot fight on in the
Eleventh Congressional district. At
a Convention held at Somerset Tues
day, Col. Silas Adams was renomina-
ted by the Republicans. He stated in
his speech of acceptance, that he had Sc
cured an injunction from Judge Sauf-
ley restraining the County Clerks
from placing Co. Colson's name on
the ticket as a candidate for Congress.
John ID. White will also run. The
Democrats at PinevilIe, nominated
Hon. George E, Stone, of Casey coun-
ty, and he opened his campaign with
a speech at Middlesboro on Wednes-
dav afternoon. The chances for the
Democrats to win are not by any
means desperate.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17
THE OLD MILL, MYSTERY.
By ARTHUR w. MARcHMoNT, B. A.


u wpnt 10 spcaW 10 you, sac Mary,
seriously; and followed thc giri into
the cottage. III you had enc whom
You Lowell lying dangerously ~, goa
would not feel bright and joyous" said
Mary.
"Why not?" said the other. "Wha'
IS Il TO me " Others dic2 What care J.
What wen - they care I'll were lying
Not the rush Of " shuttle Why shout
I care FOR thcm2 DO yor 'hin'y .h'
thought " dying fiightcos me- Psh'
none but foolg are frightened g. die
or 70 see others die either I'm not
] like TO sec death" She utncd her
eyes on the girl as she spoke. and they
shcuc with hard cruel light Thou
sho gave snecring laugh rs she add
ed. "But there, what's ,hc uss 'allSing
like that? Yen haven't come here -
speak about death, | suppose2'
Snvnnnnh's manner startled Ma.
and diacJmilted her.
"No. no." she answered, somewhat
hastily. ~ came 20 spcnk about Tom
md about the cruel things they say II
him"
"Wcll. and what Of him?' asked So.
vannnh, smiling grimly MS she cddcdt
Its over quicl, vet 20 put hir aii'
death Ia the same sentence"
Don't, Snvnhnnh," cried Mary,
shrinking from the words rs " tho
other had struck her
"Ah, / thought that wouldn't suit
you" she sail, the smile on her hand
some face growing less hard. "Iiu'
what Is it?' and she fixed y kccn, IN
quiring lool, on Mnry's face.
~ want You 10 tell NC exactly when
ard where You left Tom on Friday
night" said Mary, thinking II best {.
go straight Ia tho point.
"Who says ] was with him at ALI
And how come you, Of all o'Lers, e
ask me for lnformation2'
"Tom has trld mo all thet rassel,
said Mary.
"Oh. Tom has tnll you all That
passed" replied tho other, moclsingly.
"AnG II Tom has told you, what 10
you want TO come tp me for, ch? Don't
you nIinl, your honny lover has tald
you the TRUTH IL that it9 don't
suppose he haF, for that matter Al.
men lie." she aided, laus hing insult.
ingly
"Will You tell mo what nsls?" reil
Mary. Gf.or n pause Ia which shs La.l
fought down her temper.
"l es, II ycd want 10 spy or him.
INT you won't draw ne into any lies.
] wasn't with him at ALL" sniJ .Styar.
nah. steadily, as sLo looked Mary
straight H. the ewes
"Whet?" exclaimed Mary, excittdiy.
"Do you dare 10 deny IT,"
"Dcny it-Gcny whht?" returned
Sayannnl,, hotly a1i Lnsrily. ~ nave
told you the truth. AN hc liar like
like-a man. | say Eev1r shS Tom
RoylGncc ON F-iiay night; end will
SWEEP 90 thai on my oath"
She spoke SO solemnly qnl'oarlcs.ly
that Mary turned cold VITA despair
Is sic thought of all that the words
meant 90 her lover.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17
CaAPTEP XIII

GIDEON PNAwLS SURPRISES NARY
very little reelection warned Mary
that she had made L mistake, perhaps
serious enc, In showing SO nucb cor
cern at Savannnh's statement, and she
Ioadc great effort NJ selfrecovery.
THAT surprised You, ehP" snid
Savannah. "llas n been making up
some yarn or other about me?"
coz am surprised" answered Mary,
quietly, at - because those who say
they saw you two together should ali
make such u mistake"
"Who are they?" asked Savannah,
lotly. "Wh7 are the Tiara that are
not afraid 10 Islander girl and try 10
take her character away? Some of
those cowardly strikers, | suppose"
INC matter who they are ut prcG.
emit" replied Mary; "you win have az
opportunity q facing them YET, and
denying what they say"
You ars right. II 10 no matter.
They are n pack o. liars, tel you
d'dnt see Tor Boylance The whole OF
FrideY eveaing,"
"Thep you win have 70 explain {.
very awkward circumstance" replied
Mary, "nhd just say how n handkvr-
chief which Tom gave you was fou a 4
IL the mill on Friday night"
"Ohl was handkerchief found IN
che mill? A handkerchief which Ton
give ire? II wouldD'( he very won.
derful thing, surely, ~ were TO drop
a handkerchief in the place where
spen9 all the work hours &C 10y life.
a
but why awkward, because Old noS
sse Tun ON thai pirht? / don't un.
asrstand YOU"
"6ooauss II you deav Won were with
atm, you win have 20 ,count 3oI your
zine On that night"
''RGhi Mary" said Savannah, with {
Cohtsmptuous wave Of her hand. "Yor
are silly-and blind as we'll as silly
Tom las given me no handkerchief lol
me 10 lose In the lhill. lie Las beet
footing you; and having leard what
suppose Is part Of the case against hi,G
he tries e. shield himself behiad me
Ills gift Of handkerchief Is Just as rea
as his story about being with mean,
that is no more than nonsense. Civ,
Np, and have done with him, lass-hav,
done with HIM"
"Silenoe savOnhahw cried Mary, ex
citedly and Indignantly. 81 wonde
you are not ashamed TO try and maligi
man who can't defend himself 70,
are not content 70 say what you kauN
10 be uhtrue, but you must dare TO ud,
10 Your falseness by cowardly insinui.
tlon. For shamel"
Savannah laughed loudly at this
aud affected to be vastly amused; bu
she grew angry with sudden change.
What do you meanP You dare l.
come here 20 me, presuming on you
pale. face and siclfly weakness, an
beard me and tell mo am false. LOCI
nearer home, my girl Go and asl
that fine Jallbird lover Of yours for a.
account OF all his silly Numbering
and doddering foolery with me. Gle
hun TO tell you the truth, instead q
the lies he has been spinning out /
cover his worse deeds, and then it'll b
time TO come and talk TO me Rbou
2elAannaAr
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17

fJi. nan snHncfhced hammer
~ niu Is there 10 truso2' said the
Cir. iuG,nerchtiy
~ upu't know, Il course" lac an.
swercd. "lIut there seems 90 Ue some
tang aboLt Savannah, Tor one thing,
1ud1 nj by what you SAID just now
Wynlj you like me tu make an inquiry
or Two about herr She was away over
that w.eN end, / know. DO You want
% md out where she went? dare
ray cculd manage that. / wish you'd
e, ine lend you hand I am quite as
,ertdin AS you can he that Tom has
Lad nc hand In IT,"
Th.5 declaration dill more than any.
'hiug else could have done 10 win the
girl over. IL was the only confident
expression OF faith in her lovers limo.
cence that she had heard from any.
one.
"Can trust you, Gibeon?" she asked
"You can, Mary I'll do my best TO
help you Ipromise you that fair and
square"
Mary thought for n moment, and
then half-impulsively gave her hand
81 believe you mean straight by me-"
she said. ~ will trust You. Here's
proof 81 II. Tom says that he was
with Savannah that night; and size dc.
mics II. That must be proved, or
otherwise we may never DO able to
prove what we believe that he Is limo.
cent You do believe IL, Gideon, don't
or2"
"'Tisn Y so much that believe Il,
my lass" hc said, slowly and with
great emphasis. 81 know II. ! know
hos innocent; and, what's more, mean
10 prove II. You know what happened
Ia the barn that night. was all
agninsy the Internal plot that was laid
against him. Well, believe there's
another now, quito as devilish and
much more cunning And II you'll
trust me, well just turn the penny
tOther side up, and make II heads TO
our side. Ncw tel nc the rest aLout
Savannah"
She told him wh.t Tom had said and
he asked question OF two. With that
he left her, aud Mary was full of per
plcNity nj what lie had said.
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17
All the Picturesque Regions
Of Our Country,


Rockies amid the WITCH
Alaskas
deep
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17
Glinopses
Of Of America,

Which the Reflector distributing subscribers
wondernd poriay
of
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17

WANTED-10 head horses or colts
for pasture. An abundance of pure
clear water and salt guaranteed. En-
quire OF Jolly & Romig or II. r. Chill
colt on Red Bud ranch, 2S5-tsS2-c II
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17
Canada and the Northeast.

bttfed the Natural Bridges
lands
while Gmpes of America also
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17

ITO RE CONTINUED
Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1894-05-17

diveife
ndc onca incid
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-06-30
LA HORTENSIA
l2-ATOCuA-l2
AImaC6n de N0vedades-
merCad0, Colon Ca
AImaC6n de N0vedades.
MerCado, Colon Y Ga.

Dad & favor Gaia dia pdco iezsndo
no nj
estad
Renaados egante local o-n~--nsr
Ia s"ced6n dc Ramon Rivera. de eimpor4r de
FFo@aa lbm0n5r Es0a1a hlqlaterro, 4~yga
EUROPA y AMERICA un esola
surndo rru2 Is novei4d fantasia exquisite guo Iast. Al n
noIa
RS ddc1
heeantes obreaos s-aors: ormas capoUa>
surtido complete d de tod classes:
den ho Dc Esooea seda oan banoas para
csbaueTos:
abrigo
y
dc pefum
ess fabrioas de sar soictad poIvos te
de faIpa
on esegdo 1rndo de objetos so
IeteTas Fa-carsss. para
dr 4loa9n
sete.&s
Desd' sa eofa mensualnsne
fin de isntes art cnI3s srot 9eyo + }t
- oe tafF Ponce JUNO 8 &c 1905