Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1894-01-25
FARM AND GARDEN.
Cows Need Watering Twice a
Day in the Winter.
SEVERAL PITHY PARAGRAPHS.
A Man Should Not Condemn a Thing
Until He Has at Least Given
1t Trial-POinters.

Cold-storage butter keeps best at a
temperature OF about 20 degrees.
Color doesn't make the COW give milk.
Weigh the milk and test it in order to
judge of her worth.
Theoretically cows need watering twice
a day in winter, but in practice once
day seems to be just as good.
Feed cows twice a day-only twice.
Let them chew the cud well between
meals. They are built that way.
Wash and cook the potatoes that are
too small for market or for table use.
They are good for pigs or chickens.
Churn cream from strippers at a high
temperature-in some cases as high as
20 degrees. The butter fat needs soften
ing.
An exchange says bran fed to cows
makes the cream harder to churn and
requires longer for the operation. 1t
works the other way for us.
Picking the potatoes over and remov-
ing the rotten ones about once a month
during the winter will lessen the loss
from that source. Look after them once
before the holidays.
During the long winter evenings much
of the theoretical knowledge of agricult-
ure can be acquired. Obtain few of
the best books on the subjects in which
you are specially interested, and read
them carefully and thoughtfully.
Lose no time now in making every
| thing secure for winter. See that the
crops are properly stored, as it does not
pay to grow thing and then let it spoil
before getting to market. One thing
that we would call attention to is that
you keep the potatoes from the light. A
dark, cool, dry place is what they want.
A man should not condemn thing
until he has at least given it trial. We
have observed that those who sneer at
intensive cultivation, extra heavy ma
nuring, etc., are the men who have never
attempted to practice them. A trial of
these methods is very apt to give one
some respect for them. Suppose you
make little experiment in this direc-
tion next season.
Double cropping is matter that the
majority OF farmers do not see their way
toward practicing. But where it can be
done it is pretty certain way in which
to in crease the earnings OF the land.
Crops must be used which do not require
a long season for maturing, and you must
make up your mind to apply enough
manure to counteract the extra drain
made upon the land.
INCOMPLETE MANURE.
Barnyard manure is ordinarily looked
upon as general and complete manure,
and in the sense of supplying the most
needed elements of plant food this is
true. Yet it seldom, if ever, contains
these plant food ingredients in the pro-
portions which have been found to give
the best results. Farmyard manure con-
tains according to the animal and the
food consumedI from 4 to s. per cent of
nitrogen, 2 to 4 per cent of phosphoric
acid, .3 to g per cent OF potash; practi-
cally twice as much phosphoric acid and
considerably more than OF potash. This
is too nitrogenous for a we'll balanced
fertilizer, and any one using barnyard
manure does we'll therefore to use acid
phosphate and potash salts in addition.
Farm manures usually deficient in pot
ash, such as those produced from corn
meal, silage and stover, and hay from
the grasses generally, and especially
when fed with nitrogenous food, should
always be applied in conjunction with
fertilizers containing larger amounts of
potash and phosphoric acids. A still
better plan is to sprinkle these materials
in the stable and upon the dung heap,
and thus double benefit is obtained by
preventing the escape of ammonia from
lthe manure. Potash salts are especially
soluble in this respect, and when so used
no teaching must under any circum-
stances be allowed, as they will be easily
washed out OF the pile to the detriment
of the manure.
WEIGHT AT THE SHEDS.
The following comes from the Ontario
experiment station: Sometimes it is not
easy to convince the farmers that raising
and fattening lambs is good-paying
business when the conditions are favor
able, but the following piece of expert
ence at our station will tend to show the
possibilities that lie in that direction. In
the autumn Of 1891 we purchased two
carloads of lambs in Prince Edward ISL
and, loo miles eastward from Guelph,
ontario, where the station is located.
Some of these we fattened and sent back
again to Halifax, within 100 miles OF
where they were bought, leaving us
substantial cash profit at the same time
over all expenses. Some OF them we fed
until May, and were then shipped by us
to Liverpool and sold. They cost us 50
per head when purchased, and averaged
$ll.5O per head at the Liverpool docks.
After charging all expenses whatsoever
we had nice little cash profit on the
lambs, not counting in the manure, al
though we had paid the expenses of
their transit a distance of not less than
5000 miles.
AS TO WATERING COWS.
A European experiment in watering
dairy cows shows that COWS always in
their stables gave much better results
when changed back where they could get
water twice a day. 1t was found that
the milk yield increased where the cows
had access to water at will, and no de-
crease of fat contents occurred. The
daily increase OF milk was small. but as
estimated it would improve the Weld
forty gallons per COW per year. A no.
tlceable feature Of the experiment is that
the cows drank little less when per-
mltted to drink at will than when fur
nished twice day. BY drinking often
there was less chilling OF the stomach
than where water had TO be taken twice
a day and each time in large quantities.
The digestion was improved, as with
each small draught Of water some gas
trlc juice was secreted and went with il,
which was not the case to the same ex-
tent where large draughts OF cold water
had to be taken.
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