The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1894-02-23


The Review 81 Hevcv- ior Feur'afs
contains a most Instructive study OF ma
tiopal finances. 10 deals with ,h' debts
interest Uurdens and SOURCES % revenue
of the leading governments OF the
world The article opens with the de-
claration that moit " the great nations
are just now engaged 90 highly conten-
tious attempts 90 reconstruct OF extend
their systems % taxation for the pur
pose of making their revenues equal To
the demands * an over increasing eX-
reud.tlre. In the matter OF public
debts ana expenditure for interest the
United States Is little burdeued' the
latter .tem being only s2I2ut3'-, while
in Epr.atG Sc amounts 90 more than a.
many pounds sterling, or I'VE times "a
much. Iu France the total interest
clartt. d. l..auWnOOu frHucs, or about +
s2GUOOOC01 Tine Ge,man einpite has /
YER, sma. public debt, the war IN
demnity eNactei FROM France having @
most wipei out that public burden.
The entire Indebtedness u TIE en- .re
Al pres-ut amounts 90 ubuut the annual
interest on the French debt. Italy E
public debt - now l200l0uoO0o lire, or
more tiat e2.l00O0OOol and the inter
est charges take more tbau ol:oOo9,-
OO0 aunualy. Russia pays arnually as
interest "a Der pabhr debt 2oo ol0uoO
roub.ee, or sloOOOoO00 The Austro-
Hungarian empire has but Little public
debt, though the various states Of the
empire have their own debts, which 10
the aggregate are quite heavy.
The total ordinary expenditures Of
tie United States FOR 1892 wers 1855
47LoG4: Of Great Britain they average
over s50OOO0OoO, OF France sGGo0o0o00,
II Germany s30O000O0o. Of Italy $780,
OOOO0O OF Russia SoOOOl00O1 In all
these countries tho incomes of the gov
ernment are supposed to be equal to the
expenditures. though 10 Italy this has
not been true for several yeara. and for
the present year IL will not be true Of
several others, the United States among
them.
In the United States most Of the re-
ternal revenue, and the biggest item Of
expenditure Is PENSIONS. Great Britain
raises her revenue from excise customs.
income tax and stamps, and her heaviest
expense Is for interest on the public
debt and fa- the maintenance o. her
army. that service costing annually
sslO00O00 ia France the bulk Of the
revenue comes. D. in the United States
aud England, from customs and inter
nal revenue taxes. But France has "a
lucrative group O. stamp taxes 90 legal
papers and transactions. and direct
taxes upon and and buildings, personal
property trade licenses, e.. The state
moncpol es Of tobacco ans gunp3Nder.
and the postal a1d Telegraph services
Yield ffau:e @ lnrgs 5evnu.c. AS u
England. tt- hcavet. espruss Z o.,
FfereL goverumeut .s che pay ueut o.;
intera- ga tie public debt The ney'
item s. also tis army
Germany LAS two -9urces q mpeta.
revenue the c1sfom- aud excise jutles
ti5ch y.e.d haf af tho t1tal receipts
Hll NNf NH.hNrt ia |HlAHE'eA |I''iN NIlt
severn. states % tho empire in proper
tou to their mp4rtauce. or tins latter
sum Prussia contributes more than adj
ths other states put together The
support Of the army s the heaviest Ca
psase OF the German goyer1u cut
Pr-esia itseI. derives m1rb feTelu
from. q moderate income tsv beside.
making large proats upon Ifs aImnis.
Iatou % public railways. nance. t.r
estB. etc. III. Italian government tas.
almost ev-ryt. ..s imaginable DO 1-Ie
L. produce yeur.y res-1us all rI
would 81. "a tlri.n ieary enough for
milton tLfcs tn-- &C. -Irr and pspu
lous Tho most productive source %
revenue Is TIE income tax. tho nex