davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news., 1894-10-08
The Use of Lime as Fertiliz,r

Many persons in whose good Judgment
and sense one has confidence, insist that
lime is not plant food, and is, therefore.
useless as a fertilizer, says Henry Stewart
in American Cultivator. Now a plant food
is considered to be anything that, being
contained in plants TO large extent may
be applied to the soil, to contribute to the
supply Of it for the crops When we see
that when such an element of plant sub
stance is applied TO the soil the following
crop is greatly helped, we can hardly agree
with the opinion that 1t is not food for
plants.
If we study the composition OF plants
we find that lime is the most important
part of the mineral clements of nearly
every one. The ash of a plant is made IN
of these natural elements. and by examin-
ing the ash, we may discover what kinds
and quantities Of mineral matters the
plants require. And it is TO be remem-
bered that in the growth of plants every
element found in them is Indispensable. But
how much more must it be So il such n
thing were possible, for one element TO be
more indispensable than another-for lime.
which exists in such large proportion, to
be anything but indispensablel
And this must be thought so as we con-
slider that in the ash of hay one-eighth part
is lime; in the ash of clover more than a
third of il is lime; in the ash of potato tons
nearly one-half is lime. The ashes of wood.
which we think SO valuable on account of
the potash in them, have several times
more lime than potash. the lime amounting
TO from 30 to 10 per cent. Aud there is not
one plant grown that has not lime ia its
ashes. The same applies TO potash and
phcsphoric acid and, reasonabl these are
supposed to be food for plants why. then.
is not lime plant foodl Surely it must be
so considered.
The Dest farmed localities In the world
are those where the soil contains a large
proportion Of lime, being derived from the
decomposition OF limestone rock. But IL Is
not so much on account Of the lime in the
soil that the land Is so well farmed and so
productive, but mostly for the reason that
lime being there abundant and CHEAP. the
farmers burn the limestone and make lime.
and apply 1t to the land. Lime only is a
plant food, but limestone is not and the
soil may be well filled with limestone and
yet be poor. This is common experience.
Now lime is a very active chemical sub
stance. This will be seen IL some of il is
put in some vinegar. This will foam up
and boil over the cup, and large quantity
The morning news., 1894-10-08
Some Uses of Charcoal.

teaspoonful of powdered charcoal
stirred into a glass of cold water and drank
by person suffering from sick headache
caused by a disordered stomach will often
afford relief. IL absorbs the disturbing
gases and relieves the nerves. twill often
alleviate constipation and disturbed condi-
tion of the bowels also it is a corrective of
heartburn.
Charcoal is an excellent ingredient in
poultices which are applied to malignant
ulcers and old sores. 1t is a good applica-
tion TO the dressing of wounds when the
flesh is torn or mangled.
A thin. fiat piece of charcoal bound tight
ly on superficial burn will relieve the
pain almost Immediately, and is very heal
ing, if the burn is such that it can be kept
in place.
1t is also a disinfectaut, purifying often
sive air by absorbing noxious odors. 1t
should be placed on trays in sick rooms
where the character of diseases and condi-
tiOn of patients render the air especially
impure and unhealthful.
1t is said that charcoal will absorb 80 per
cent. its bulk of ammoniacol gas, hence if
used freely over compost heaps it not only
prevents unpleasant odors, but renders the
compost more valuable by retaining the
ammonia which would otherwise pass of.
If freely applied to any offensive or de-
caying animal matter it will not only rem
der the odor less perceptible. but the i'm
mediate atmosphere will not be as likely
to produce deleterious consequences If it
must be breathed.
If sprinkled over and about fresh meat it
viii prolong its keeping qualities. If used
freely on meat that is little of flavor it
will sweeten it. 1t will also cleanse i'm
pure water and sweeten foul breath caused
by decaying teeth, If used freely with the
toothbrush. AS disinfectant it gives no
disagreeable odor, corrOdes no metal, in
jures no fabric. changes no color and is
simple and safe"
II is not good conductor of heat, hence
powdered charcoal is often packed around
tubes TO prevent heat from escaping A
quantity of powdered and lump charcoal
should be included in every housewives
stores. 1t does not deteriorate or lose
strength by standing, and is always ready
for immediate use
The morning news., 1894-10-08
mulchinR.

Did you ever consider the great advan-
tage to be derived from mulching2 asks a
correspondent of the Live Stock Journal.
I will venture to say that there are some
people who do not know what mulch is.
Probably they never saw such an animal
in all their lives, like the backwoodsman
who was asked by the deacon of his church
20 contribute little toward getting chan
delier. ..
What2 said the old fellow, what's the
use to get chandelier Who can play on
it after you get IT, And it is about so with
some Of our brethren. They know 50 lit
tie about mulching that the word seems a
rnfsnomer to them. OF course. we all know
that mulching does not come in the line of
the general farmer as much as il does TO
the hOrticulturist, but at the same
time IL is well for every farmer to
understand the principal and value of
mulch as much so as II is for him 10 know
that stock, clover aud peas will improve
his land There are three ways Of mulch
ing The first or most common way; Is
the use Of dead trash 10 straw, and leaves,
in fact most anything Of the kind that will
protect the ground from the direct rays Of
the sun, and retain or prov ent the cvapOra-
tion Of moisture from the soil The second
or next most common way, and which Is
often sadly neglected Is In the thorough
pulverization or working Of the surface
soil. This tends 10 prevent the eyapora-
The morning news., 1894-10-08
Roup in Fowls.

With the late fall rains and the coming
of winter this disease is introduced among
focks that are exposed to sudden changes,
or in this mild form from a simple cold
aggravated by the severity and changeab bic
winters of our northern climate, saws the
Poultry World. Roup in its advanced
stages is somewhat akin to diphtheria in
the human species. IL is not necessary that
each particular bird affected should have
ali the stages of the disease TO communi-
cate it to others A neglected cold in a
single member of the flock may be the in
production of this malady
Roup is well known to most every practi-
cal poulterer, ana in its incipiency can be
successfully treated. 1t is the result of a
cold attacking the head and in its first
stage is similar 10 nasal catarrh. 1t arises
usually from exposure to uneven and un-
wholesome temperatures, especially as
maintained in the fowl houses. A cold
comes directly from chill and a chill
from a sudden draught of cold air striking
on the pores of the skin and causing them
TO c.ose and perform their functions i'm
perfectly or NOT at all. 1t makes little diff
ference To the fowl whether the currents
of air come from broken light Of glass, a
door a ar, badly constructed ventilators. or
through chinks by the roosting places, il is
all the same in its effects.
Dampness is equally US fruitful cause
of its appearance as draughts of air. IL
has done by itself more to cause sickness
among young and old fowls than almost
any other thing which could be named. 1t
is the parent oil many ills, and where it is
ever present IL is favorable to their per-
petuation. Crowding the fowls into c'ose
and filthy quarters out of the fresh air and
sunshine OF an unlimited range predisposes
them 10 roup. This close crowding infects
the air from the impure exhalations of the
lungs, skin and digestive channels.
Fowls which run at large enjoying the
sunshine and shade and not hampered in
their exercise are seldom troubled with
roup. They are not apt to be affected by a
little dampness or exposure, for plenty Of
exercise In the open air has strengthened
them and made them hardy and strong 10
resist the attacks Of disease.
The morning news., 1894-10-08
Put on tho Manure.

There are very few gardens, large or
small, that are so rich in all the clements
Of nutrition as not to be benefited by ferti-
Izers of one kind oranother. Occasionally
a small plot of soil may be found when to
make it any richer would be detrimental to
the successful growth of vegetables. but
thls Will be a very rare find anywhere
within this writer's observation. Some
garden spots there are that will produce
very good crop several years in succession,
cultivated on the old extensive" plan,
when one crop is made, and then allowed
10 grow up in weeds and in a manner be
recuperated by the conversion of these
weeds into humus, when turned under
ABOUT the close of the year.
AS remarked before, the garden we have
set out TO describe is conducted on the lin
lenslVe" or high system, and no weed is
permitted to show itself at any time dur
ing the year. The rapid rotations observed
MAKES a great demand upon the available
SIements OF fertility and this must be met
Oy a very liberal application of manure
once during the twelve this, or a proper
Iouale application to each crop. Some
uines the one plan may be the BEST and
some tunes the other From all accounts
the Chinese cultivatOrs are far ahead of
tue rest Of the farming world in respect to
Misn culture of their fields and gardens.
Ihelr practice is to manure the plant after
u becomes established, rather than to
manure the soil before the crop has been
planted. They surpass the farmers of
every other nation in the matter of uttliz-
Ius every substance that possesses the
SlEhtest manurial value Economy in its
4ullest sense has been reduced by them TO
science
.. ia respect to manuring, combination Of
'ue TWO methods is generally advisable IN
our gardens. Manuring the soil in the fall
PRIOR TO planting or sowing with our stable,
VI oJher bulky manure, and using tOthe eX-
tent that may tie indiCated by the appear
aAce OF the plant. after growth has started,
our highly soluble nibrates and superphos-
pAates as "A top dressing, TO be hoed, or
ggtherwise cultivated in about the plant.
Hue and again in the past fifteen years
uHFe brought 10 profitable maturity various
~ 'ops OF cabbage, corn, beets, turnips, Eng
.lau peas, etc, that soon showed, after
11e growing season had commenced, lack
VI essential food, by the prompt application
y. ammonia or phosphoric acid, or both,
the case seemed 10 re-
guIre' The very first slight
ram after the application brought out
9'cNly y,evidently starving plants 10 green,
HedilnY appearance and condition. ana so
maintained 10 the maturity Of normal
oop result that would not have been Sc
Tuieu had they not been so treated.
so"s left untreated bore testimony to the
ldct An experienced oultivator can form
" very correct estimate as to the normal
growth of plants under certain supplies OF
moisture and conditions OF temperature,
aug Will soon see that something Is wrong
qua can frequently, though not invariably,
apply q remedy and convert a threatened
'"il4re into "A success.
a crop Of onions set out in October or
early IN November will indicate 10 an eN-
ptrleucod cultlvator by the first Of Febru-
The morning news., 1894-10-08

airy the condition of soil as to available fer
tilltS and its teachings will benefit him in
Ine treatment of the crops that follow in
march and April. A gardener in love with
ms work and he is justified in being that
always will make and keep a diagram of
ms garden with fresh one every wear in
MS record book TO enter the various crops
grown and natures applied on :he different
pats AS the years come and
go this record proves interesting
ana instructive. His potash application
and those of ammonia and phosphoric
acld, perhaps of landplaster (sulphate of
hme) OF common salt Chloride of sodium ;,
OF common lime (hYdrate) will all be re-
corded and their cumulative effect observed.
In this book is also recorded thelate frosts.
the extent of damage done, the conditions
OF weather as they may effect the crop,
etc The question now arises with the
young gardener as to whether it is better
to broadcast the manure or to apply it in
burrows. In regard to this no set rule can
apply Some times it is better to do our
way and some times another. II depends
to some extent on the time of application.
the quantity to be applied and the crop to
be grown. If very course, and mixed with
stalks or straw, the more desirable way.
usually, is to haul it out and spread it
broadcast in the fall or winter.
The morning news., 1894-10-08
Japanese Plums Again.

The more ] see of the japanese
plums the more L become convinced
of the fact that no tree or small
fruit of greater value has ever been intro
duced within my memory, says Prof.
Baily. With their sturdy habit of growth,
their healthfulness and hardness, their
prodUctiveness, and the beauty of their
fruit, they will surely revolutionize plum
growing IN America. With all the other
new cultures" we will also have a new
plum culture,' and the newness will con-
sist in the new varieties. Mr. Henry Lutts
OF this county has sent me q basket of
Sweet Bosan (abundance) plums. They
are as handsome fruit as anyone could
imagine. In perfection of form and in high
coloring they rival the crOSsbred Japanese
plums OF which we used to receive samples
from their originator, Mr.. Luther Bur
Dank, In California, plums which | often
declared were the most beautiful specimens
ever brought to my notice. In quality the
well-grown and well-ripened Sweet Botan
will not be surpassed very easily. Being a
cling or semi-cling may be fault of these
plums, but 1t seems to be their only one.
am unable to name another.
Thelist of good points in the Sweet Bo-
tan (and other plums of that class is not
vet exhausted. II is one of the best of
keepers among plums. do not know ex-
actly how long a time the ripe specimens
may be preserved in good eating order The
basket containing the plums has stood on
my desk day after day They have been
freely sampled, but the specimens left, not
withstanding the warm close atmosphere of
the room are yet as perfect as the day
first received them and incline to dry and
shrivel rather than to rot. Like the Bart
lett pear, also, the specimens may be picked
when quite green, and laid away TO ripen.
They will do this and be as beautiful ana
of as good quality as when allowed to ripen
on the tree. This gives the grower a chance
to market portion of the crop in advance
of the regular season, to relieve the (rsu-
ally) overloaded trees of portion of their
1ruit, and give the specimens left on the
very best opportunity to come to perfection.
and keep until beyond their natural season.
Who can help becoming enthusiast tic over
fruit, when seeing so many good points
and so few imperfections in it,
The morning news., 1894-10-08

tion of moisture, as we'll as the baking of
the soil by breaking and covering the
pores, which form more or less in all
soil, after packing summer rains, thus pre-
venting the escape of moisture, at least
the escape will not be so rapid The third
or most uncommon way of murching, and
which should be in general use but which
IS also very sadly neglected, is in the use of
the common COW pea. Rye and oats are
also very good, but the pea stands pre-
eminent as mulcher and land builder
sown broadcast through your crops at
about the second working, aud thick
enough TO keep down nearly all weeds
saves labor as well as moisture. besides,
peas draw nitrogen from the air, which is
a very essential element to most crops, and
which you get free of charge. | think il
much cheaper to get nitrogen this way
than 10 pay so much hundred for il in the
form OF some spurious chemical prepara-
tion.
. Did you ever think what great mulcher
nature lsf She mulches nearly everything
she grows, from weed to a tree, with the
leaves therof.
Berries and other small fruits require the
most mulch, while cotton and potatoes
require the least. 1t may be well to
mulch the Irish potato, but the sweet DO
tato is the most thorough self-mulcher
ever saw. In closing, let me say that in
mulch No. l cotton seeds hulls fill the bill
better than anything / know of
The morning news., 1894-10-08
For Small Pigs.

Small pigs may be reared for not more
than cents pound in the clover field,
with the skinned mild and a little bran in
1t. IL will do no harm If the milk Is a lit
tie sour, but If so sour that it smells of
fensively it is not fit even for pig. If the
milk is kept in a barrel to which the Of
fensive name of swill is given, it is not fit
for use, for it Is not wholesome
1t is better to mix the bran with the milk
skinned, still sweet, if possible, and feed
it Immediately. For if bran is added to
the milk in condition of incipient sour
ness, it will produce raDid fermentation
and considerably reduce the value of food.
besides making ii injuriously unwhole-
some. The excess of acid produces indi-
ge3tiOn, which is the direct cause of that
disease of swine, especially of the young
animals, which is popularity called black
teeth. That is not disease of the teeth,
as Is supposed, but the result of the corrod-
ing products of q sour stomach
There is more profit in lot of young
pigs fed properly in this way than in any
other farm product. The milk is without
countable value for any other use, and is a
waste, while the clover costs but little. and
its whole value is returned in the mannre
left by the pigs, and due to the elements of
fertility left in the milk.
This, TOO, is a way Of making money from
the atmosphere, for the fat OF the pigs
takes nothing from the soil, and is made
up solely of atmospheric matter. ard thus
the soil is enriched, while the farmer gets
all that is possible from the land without
any cost. A small quantity of the soft corn
at the gathering of this crop will finish the
pigs in handsome manner.
The morning news., 1894-10-08

of gas will be evolved. In the end there
will be no more acid in the vinegar. And
this is one effect of lime on soil that is
sour, such as swamp land, in which the eX-
cess of acid prevents the growth of any
useful plants.
II we put some lime on dead animal, or
on any other organic matter, IL will quickly
decompose IL and reduce 1t to its original
elements, and this is one effect of lime
when used in compost, the matters thus
decomposed then becoming good manure
and useful food for plants. And this same
effect is produced in the soil when quick
lime is applied as ii usually is during the
fall when the land is prepared for wheat
and grass and clover seeding. But the
chemist may take some sand or other min
eral matter and mix lime with 1t, and then
add water, and tho lime will dissolve quite
n considerable quantity of this mineral
matter, forming silioate of lime; and by
taking the silicate from the potash, or the
phOsphates, or magnesia, or the alumina,
etc, that the soil Is made up of, the lime
renders these elements of plant food soluble
and available for the crops.
Now this is Il small part of the natural
history of lime as IL is used in good farm
ing And with such u history we must
realize its value TO the farmer, quite inde-
pendently of the fact whether il is actually
a plant food or not. And as this is the
season when the land is in the best condi-
tlOh LOT Jne applCaIlOn OF lime, as lime Is
most soluble in cold water and tho wheat
crop is most convenient for it, it is n ques-
tion for all of us If it is not advisable to so
use it, and gather the fruits of its good
effects on the soil The freshly-burned
lime only is used, and twenty TO forty
bushels per acre is the usual quantity 1t
is left in heaps in the field, preferably of
one bushel each, two rods apart, and in a
few days it falls to fine powder by the
action of the moisture of the air or a
shower of rain, when it is easily spread
quite evenly-so as to just whiten the sur
face-with a long handled shovel. But
when lime is thus used for the wheat, 1t is
not advisable TO use superphoshate until
vantage
The morning news., 1894-10-08
Uses of Cotton Seed.

. While cotton seed has been fed 10 cattle
for many years, it is only within ten years
that the huils have been utilized in that
way. Long after cotton seed oil became
an important article Of commerce the hulls
continued TO be burned Last year about
800, 900 head Of cattle were fattened for the
market on cotton seed hulls while 100000
milch cows we're fed on the same material.
Cotton seed oil In its manufacture and
uses may be considered a new industry.
its growth IN the last ten or fifteen years
has been enormous in 1880 there were
forty cotton seed mills, with an aggregate
capital OF - ,b00,OOO There are now
5OO mills, having q combined capital Of
The morning news., 1894-10-08
iead put next to The engine" said the

head put next TO the engine" said the
colored man.
No" said the passenger, 'I'm afraid
there might be collision. and then I'd be
thrown with all my weight against my
head" The porter chuckled.
II beg pardon, boss" said he, "but /
notice dat all de railroad men has their
heads put towards de engine-and all the
commercial travellers also. The biggest
arguments is in favor Of doing that way.
In the first place, there amt many head
end collisions. There's more danger of
rear-end collision. The reason is that every
passenger train has its own right Of way,
and runs regularly every night and is
looked out for by all tho trains that's run
ming ahead OF IT, Therefore, the most
danger is from something behind. which
don't know when we have stopped or broke
something and which runs into us unex-
pcctedlY. There amt anyone looking out
for any kind Of collisions, cause when they
come it matters mighty little which end
you're putting forward-your head or your
feet-but If you insist on looking out for
'em from behind-Im telling you.v
ANY more argumentsl"
Got plenty more arguments, boss. You
don't want 10 sleep with your feet toward
tho engine, because IL you 90 the draught
through the car blows right agin your head,
and when IL gets cold at night your head
and chest are exposed. Put your head to-
ward the engine and you feel cold without
getting in no crAught. It's Just the same
way in summer. II you sleep with your
feet toward the engine you can't have your
windows open. with the screen IN 'em,
without getting the wind and fine dust
right in your face, whereas II you sleep
with your mead 20 the engine you get the
cool air and no draught and dust"
rs that all you know"
"No boss, | hain't told you the biggest
arguments yet why you should have your
head made up toward the locomotive. The
most serious thing Of ali Is the circulation
OF blood in your body You have been
having your feet made up toward the en-
gine, chf Well, ] reckon you don't sleep
very well in the cars, do your Your nights
res Is usually broken, amt it2 Well, sir
let me make up your head 10 tho engine an
you'll sleep like YOU was a baby. OATS
because the motion of the train is so strong
and steady that 10 sends all your blood
toward the end that's farthest from the
engine Put your feet 10 the engine and
all your blood rushes straight 10 your head
aud gives you a restless night. Put your
head 20 the engine and the blood goes away
from your head, leaving II cool and easy, so
you can res like a child"
"Put my head toward the engine aud
stop talkinP,wil you3"
Eyes, sir; all right, sir; anything you
say, sir. You don't Crude me dat quarter
In the morning, Pm tellin' youn
A lapse of half an hour. Then a voice
from between the curtains. 10 addresses
the porter.
Solomon, Diogenes, portorl Any argu-
ment as 10 what part Of a train is the
safest2n
There amt no use Of arguments bout
dat. sir. The safest place on a train Is the
middle Of the middle car on the side
furthest from the other track
Good night, Ciccro.n