davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

PEARS IN PEISON- ro1,o-J l,
Expression OF Eyperpho- " VAIN
rial greater care
these facial changes, but to bring to
the subject the aid of photography, by
which means only these expressions
could be accurately registered. Photo
graphic portraits giving direct front
view of more than two thousand per-
sons have TINS been made. In each
base record. as full and accurate as l
have been able to obtain, of the state
OF the eye muscles has been made, and
in the majority of cases careful OBJ
servat tons have been repeated many
times during weeks or months.
1--WE have thus, for the first time, a
series of observations in which the
common facial expressions are regis
tered by a photographer.
Beyond this, in great number Of
instances, photographs have been
taken at various stages Of modification
of these muscles, thus affording a COM
parative study of the face under
varying conditions of the eye muscles.
''There are four straight muscles and
two oblique ones that move the eve
ball These muscles are entirely under
the will, just much as the muscles used
in striking blow, but respond inf
nitely quicker than those less delicate
or almost as quick as thought itself"
The most delicate nerves in use in
the human form are in commission
and the muscles of the eyes. They
operate like telegraphy. Sometimes
one of the above named conditions Of
the eye muscles is caused by disturb
ance in the motor region or brain
cell operating the ocular muscles,
when it is frequently found necessary
to explore the defective cell, and not
infrequently after brain tumors are
removed the expression is changed
to another form. Of course there are
AUXILIARY muscles employed in the
exercise of vision, for example. when
you contract your brow in bright
light to shade your eyes, but these
auxiliary muscles do not really move
the eyeball and cause a stationary
change Of expression.
The chief fact of interest is that any
acteristic malformations naturally can
be cured by surgical operation, or il
his facial expression is normal it is
found that by incising and drawing
the ocular muscles one of the mall
formations may be obtained In either
case it is as though the subject put on
G mask.
Just think moment Consider what
villain could do after practicing his
villainies while his face was in any one
of the four conditions of facial ex-
preston: provided he could find an
equal villain. a superlatively villain
Gus and superlatively excellent sur
geon TO operate on him. For with the
fine touch of his knife the surgeon
could so metamorphose the criminal
that he may never be identified, ex-
cept by surgical experts, and they are
not to be employed as detectives
JAMES s. HAMMOND
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

that in the west and almost beyond be-
lief, is raging, and where criminals are
openly defying the authorities This
may sound preposterous. and to one IN
acquainted with the facts it will seem
so. 1t is difficult to believe that within
q short one hundred and fifty miles
from New York. a four or five hours
ride on railroad, murders are of almost
daily occurrence, highway robberies
beyond number are committed, and
houses are boldly attacked by robbers,
while smaller crimes are as difficult to
count as swarm of humble bees. Yet
It is so. Murders and robberies are
rife in the anthracite coal regions, men
Stay each other for trivial causes, and
nine times out of ten escape; whereas,
the unlucky tenth has merely to go
through the for1nality of arrest and
perhaps, not always, a trial, from
which he escapes with light sentence.
The coal regions center in Luzerne,
Carbon and Schuylkill counties of
Pennsylvania, and the tracts are
known as the Wyoming. Lehigh and
Schuylkill regions. Each succeeding
day the authorities of these coal fields
realize more and more the fact that
they are confronted with the enormous
task of suppressing the epidemic of
crime which is now raging, and has
been steadily increasing during these
ten years. The counties have grown
wonderfully during these ten years,
and the increase of crime came nat
urally with the increase of population;
but the system of detecting and pun
ishing the criminals deteriorated, I'M
til at present the offenders are prac-
tically unchecked in their lawlessness.
During the last few months crimes
of such daring character have been
committed that there is a universal
demand by the respectable and law
abiding citizens that the authorities
take immediate action, and do every
thing within the power Of money to
protect the reputation Of the region
and the lives and properties of the citi-
Zens.
In this region during the ten mouths
of this year there have been nearly one
hundred 200 murders and the author
tiles have been able to catch and con-
Wet but eleven murderers and none in
the first degree. Last year the num-
Der of deaths by foul means bordered
close upon one hundred and fiftysQ50),
with ridiculously small proportion OF
arrests and convictions, and again,
none in the first degree. In 1892 the
number of murders was about the Same
as the year following, and for the en-
tire lot not one man was punished by
hanging. Crimeologists, if the word is
admissible, say that crime ulike dis
ease is contagious. and the records of
the coal regions substantiate their as
sertion beyond all shadow of doubt. In
fact it is not strange when the Grim
inalS are unhindered in their bloody
work that crime becomes epidemic. and
the list of murders and robberies un-
punished is appalling.
OF the three counties Luzerne GER
tainly suffers the most from this wide
spread lawlessness. 1t is the third
county in Pennsylvania in regard to
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

has been probing the difficulty Of To-
eating criminals as a surgeon hunts
the abode of new disease, and he has
been more successful than the medical
pen usually are
Bvrnes has received scientific evil
tience as to why the rogues' gallery has
been practically ''paralyzed" for the
past few months, and why his most IA
nous detectives have been 'hypnCtised
In enacting their professional duties.
lie is not surprised at the weakened
condition of the force under the cir
cumstances, but it is a great shock TO
him to learn that certain actors IN the
healing art are eXerting all their skill
and energy to disguise the faces of the
most atrocious authors of crime, so far
rs the present police blue book is con-
rerned, as to make 1t impossible to rec
pgnize them.
The credit of discovering this Grim
Inai application Of the power intended
Cor the good of suffering humanity, Is
due TO Prof. Stevens, of New York.
The late Prof. Hermann Won Helm
holtz, of Berlin, and Charcot, Of Paris,
have made Investigations of the same
character all of which explain the ap-
parent disappearance of certain dan
gerous criminals who in reality live in
pur midst and operate their old crimes.
The disguise is a clever fraud upon
nature, as VIII be observed in the four
accompanying pictures, which keenly
represent one man at periods of the
four different forms of the deception.
copies of them are at present being
studied bySuperintendent Byrnes, who
tent TO Paris for them. The subject is
Dne Sarcy, a notorious rogue, well
known to the Paris police. who WAS
last caught while IN the act of stealing,
and when taken into custody claimed
1t his first oifcnse, as it is believed SO
many American rcgues have done here.
No evidence could be brought to bear
On his identity with other crimes, and
NJ. Chapples, as he called himself, was
let off with short sentence by a
Partisan magistrate.
1t was just about this time that Char
rot presented his theory to the poliGe.
Iie was permitted to experiment on any
of the prisoners who were known to
be desperate criminals. The results
were watched by the police with great
satisfaction, and they soon agreed with
the professor. While going through
the prison, however, Charcot saw the
man recorded as M. Chapples," and
something aroused in him suspicion
that the prisoner was not the innocent
man he represented himself to be. The
professor examined the man more
closely and was satisfied that he had
found an example of the power of the
device.
At the time an. Chapples" pleaded
hard for release, wept in prison, and
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

populate and wealth. and is one of the
most important counties in the union,
furnishing as 1t does the larger portion
OF the coal used in the country. Its
chief city, Wilkesbarre, from where
] am writing. is one of the prettiest
cities in the union, its people are Gull
tured, X has fine semiuaries and acad-
eInies, beautiful residences and great
manufacturers, and yet II is the cen
ter OF region stained with the blood
of hundreds OF unavenged men, women
and children For some years there
has been constantly increasing
feeling OF indignation at the unactiv-
lty OF the authorities and their appa~
ent lack Of power to prevent the uu-
Inerous crimes which are daily occur
ring within few miles Of the heart o:
the city. Now. however, owing 70 two.
dastardly murders almost on the city
limits, the feeling has reached fever
heat and the county commissioners
have been called upon TO act once
and decisivelv. and spend one
hundred thousand 100000 doi-
lars K necessary in providing means
for the detection OF criminals through
out the county. The two crimes
which have been the match 20 this
bonfire Of indignant protest were the
shooting OF two Araoians, one r.
tally in broad daylight in the lower
portion OF the city. bY highway robbers
VINO are SIN a. large; ano tne-orner.
G night attack upon the house q =
well-to-do sto-ekeeper. by four mea-
Over one hundred shots were Fred IL
the attack and defense. during whieh
the storekeeper was killed Tais
crime was committed but . short us
lance from the city. and Is usual here
Is no ciev-
OF course the criminals - al The
deeds OF violence which have given TIE
coal regions such an uuenyiz1'e rePC-
tatioa arc numbered srIoag tue men
sn1loTsd about la mines 40 sery
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

conditions described, giving TO the 1ace
suggestion of length, though it may
he comparatively round. The lips are
not compressed and are liable to- be
loe,se and slightly open.
The fourth form of expression Is that
nown as hyperphoria, and is charsc-'
Il .rized by irregular features, as the.
? icture illustrates. The tendency of,
o. lie visual line to rise above the other
demands a restraining effort in which
tn E facial muscles often take an impor-
taiit part. On the side the visual line
of which tends to rise above the other
the brow is depressed, while the brow
of the side whose visual line tends
downward is elevated. Thus the brow
ansA neighboring tissues of one side aid
in depressing the front of the eye
VIII lie on the other hand, by the eleva-
ito q of the opposite brow, less demand.
is made upon the muscle which is re-
gu red TO rotate its eye upward.
These contrary actions demanded by
the relations of the visual lines in
hyl,erphoria affect the whole face, re-
sultiI1g in want of harmony of the
two sides. The angle of the mouth on
the side on which the brow is depressed
is rawn upward. while the other angle.
is depressed. Thus one side of the face
appears longer than the other. On one,
side the lines of esophoria are found
and On the other those of exophoria-
1t is through the development of
pilot ography that these conditions have
been observed. Instantaneous views
of crowds of people in theaters and at
other gatherings, greatly enlarged,
have been the means of perfecting this
study. which..is the chief topic among the
scientific men of the world at present.
Dr.. Stevens has this to say in explain
alton of his experiments:
IN the course OF some years Of close
observation of the anomalies of the
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

rough class OF men they are Inc great
majority Of the crimes are attribut-
able to men who came over here
from Hungary. Poland and Italy. and
It is with these the authorities have TO
deal The English-speaking miner is
generally a rough but law-abiding
citizen, and If the mines were worked
by them alone the number OF crimes
would be reduced fully nine-tenths-
1t is the foreign element" that causes
the trouble. Most of these foreigners
represent the lower classes in TIE
country from which they come, and
many of them have been obliged to fee
20 America as a haven of refuge from
the authorities of their own land.
Unable TO speak English. and living in
settlements which are unpublished. they
find in the periods Of idleness and.
drunkenness great incentives to crime.
md as they gradually realize the i'm,
potency of the law and its officers,
they grow holder and holder until
plumber and hatred are the impetus for,
their misdeeds. Clannish TO degree,
they frequently get into fights with
men from other settlements. and then
the authorities have more murder cases
on their hands; II is almost impossible
for the detectives or constables to get
evidence, the impassive and all pre-
vailing me no know" being the pro-
voking answer to all their questions
All of these foreigners carry a re-
volver or knife, and it requires little
provocation to bring them into use.
Small arms manufacturers do an ex-'
tensive trade in this region. Perhaps
no better evidence CT this is there, than
an interview l had a week ago with
the sales agent Of the largest arms
manufacturing establishment in the
east asked him how business was.
81 find it better this year." he replied,
ethan it has been for some time. despite
the financial depression, and we have
TO thank the coal regions for it. Not
very many years ago our trade was in
the west: then every cowboy and every
miner wanted rifle or revolver. With
advancing civilization the demand rap
idly decreased, but as we lost our trade
In the west we gained in the east, and
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

There are numerous quarrels between
the Italians and their duller fellow
foreigners" the Huns and Poles, and
the latter generally get the worst of
II The race riots, ns they are called.
are frequent, and add many a murder
TO the long list
Aside from crimes committed among
themselves the Italians are organized
into numerous small bodies for the
purpose of robbery, to which is fire.
quently added murder. Many of them
live entirely on the proceeds of their
crimes They are nearly AWAY. sue
cessful and are seldom caught The
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

severed in the IooIIrn
negative, when Expression of ortho-
Charcot pre- phoria.)
scented the police with the result of his
study of the prisoners face. 4 direct
identity was then established and IN.
Chapples" forced to n confession. The
three other portraits were found on
file, which with the one just taken of
him make the quartette of DISCUSSES he
has employed. The three were found
with a different name attached to each
one.
In Paris. however, Eugene Sarcv,
which is believed to be his real name.
had gone to the end of these DISCUSSES
and had been released; he could not
,haye changed his countenance back
into one of the Others without imme
date arrest for some crime he had com
omitted. as his description under each Of
She diSruises was recorded in cOnncc-
zion with some villiany. In all prob
ability he would have gone To some
other country, at least if he had any
diplomacy, as there would be nothing
To stop his reproducing them in places
where he was unknown. He might
have come to America rs Superinten-
dent Byrnes believes others have.
Sarcv was too unintellirent and dar-
ing 70 be clever with the deception.
lie allowed himself TO be caught too
often TO reap the full benefit Of the
DISCUSSES. True, each picture is on
record as that of man having COM
1nitted a first or second ofTense and Is
an advantage in leSseninC the term Of
wears he might be sentenced Tor, even
If caught and identified with one of
his DISCUSSES. But. in summing up, it
1s easy to see how 10y the use Of this
Reception a desperate criminal might
live a whole lifetime following his
dangerous operations and never get
caught The picture Of 4 man who has
been caught in one crime Is never re-
corded. unless the crime is desperate
one it is believed in Paris that the
deception was originated and i most
extensively practiced in America.
Perhaps the greatest achievement for
crime in these DISCUSSES j. that if they
become universal in this country
where VIII our lannon's EorueS raucrv
rome Ia? Some enterPrisiug museum
.nsn is likel., 10 buy it 70 exhibit in
years to come as criminal curiosity.
but some other device FOR the detection
pf crime, it is 20 be hoped. VIII take it's
place.
IN this new and uuwelcome arrival
OF evil genius surgery - the heroic,
the guardian angel OF suffering hUmaR-
s+v walks hand ~ bnp1 with crime
For the evidencc Of Stevens. Helmholz
and Charcot would seem % establish
the theory that one cay Of the surgeons
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

SAht'Y : sEONNu
are impressed Expression known as EI-
often fattened. ophoria)
Their eXIcmities often curve suddenly
downward. the inner extremities sink
ing into this depression bounded by the
nose and orbit border. The eyelids are,
In u considerable proportion of cases,
not as fully opened as when their mus
cles are IN equilibrium, and much less
separated than in the typical cases
where the visual angles diverge- Two
rather strong vertical lines. making
each an angle with the inner ext-em-
ity OF the brow. extend upward nearly
parallel upon the forehead, IS shown
in tse picture. The upper lip is Us
ual'y shortened and the upward curve
O. the center ~ the mouth IS often
pronounced The lips are firmly COM
pressed IN repose. but in young persons,
10y reason of deficient physical force.
the lips may be habitually open. The
chin i broad. and the lines between
the nose and the lips make wider ex-
cursion outward than in the natural
expression.
The aspect Of the third form-that
shown in the picture Of eNophoria-
exhibits the eyebrows more strongly
archel and often drawn upward upon
the forehead. the inner extremity be-
ing often removed above and away
from the nose. The lines running up
ward from the side Of the nose, when
present, are likely To diverge as they
ascend. The transverse lines OF the
forehead are of:en conspicuous and
are higher up On the forehead than
hose which occur with esophoria-
The upper lip is long. the center OF the
month curves downward and the chin
) pointedly oval The facial lines are
more vertical than with either of tne
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

A story Of Scotch honesty comes from
Dundee. A small bog had taken tbs
prize for an exceptionally well-drawu
map After the examination the
teacher. little doubtful, asked the
Lad.
Who helped you with this map,
james,
Nobody, .ir."
Gone. now. tell me the truth
Didn't your brother help your
NO. sir. ne did IL all
Wisconsin
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

Indignant Householder-Justl look at
this. viii you?
Waterworks Oficisl-It looks TO me
ike small eel.
That's just what 1t IS got Il ont
of the hydrant this morning
Ali James. charge Mr.. Smith with
one small eel-ten cents Cincinnati
Tribune
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07
IT ISREAL ANARCHY
Almost q Reign Of Terror In Luz
zerne County, Pa
Murders and No One Hansed-A scurvy
: Hob of Foreigners Who Commit All
Manner of Grimes and
Go Cnpunished.
COPYRIGHT. lsa4.I

There are people in New York and
Philadelphia who read stories OF the,
numerous murders, highway robberies
and crimes Of all kinds committed in
the wild and woolly west" and thank
kind fate that they are permitted to
live some thousands Of miles from such
an unsettled and crime infested coun-
try, who were they to look nearer
home would fndsa region where an
epidemic Of crime far greater than
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07
a IIrrnn.tan,iai C..e.

Friend Broz6rim-So. Friend David.
thee wishes % marry ny daughter
Hannah Friend David. Thy cireun-
stances are not such a. % make thee
a good match for Daughter Hannah
Friend David-But. Friend Brad
rim ny circunstances sill Dc greatly
improved by marrying thT daughter
Hannah, as thee very vel anOws-
Truth
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07
The hSnue,t MAJ

A retail hardware man in Newbury-
port. Mass, has unearthed the latest
mean man lie purchased a si1-cen.
mouse trap, took it hone and caught
TIE one mouse in the house and then
wanted the merchant 20 take The Trap
back and refund'the MONEY
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

scalpel renders an entire change OF
facial identity, when applied to the,
muscles of the eye, and the criminals.
are practising it extensively. The re-
suit anxiously waited upon now is how
20 detect the disguise.
There are four distinct characteristic
expressions of the eve muscles in COM
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

Told a pathetic
story of his fam
lily all leaving
Paris for this
country, ten
years ago, and
said from neces-
sity n c W a S
sempt tie d to
steal. but never
would again.
His plea wa $
about to be an
-vrar,2 =, 4ha
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

Ton-Pils, the druggist tells ne
that burglars entered his sore The
other night AID stole eftesn dollars
worth Of perfume Too bad 'Fassl-i -
Je-rv-l sboald Az 50 Have hey
put The detectives CT lie scent7 ~ 4.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

IN u S Giles which
gov ern t h g
move ments of
I h e ey es, the
fact til at re-
II q r k a b l g
ch a II ges often
follow the modi-
fcation of the
CO dition Of
{ b e S e muscles
led me, in my
etudr not oDlv
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07
Parental SoIicirndA,

DaUghter-But. ma. don't like him
Mother-He is an only son, and his
father is very rich.
We'll. as 70 that. his father Is wild
over, and may marry again
True. did not think OF that. Per
baps you'd better marry the father =
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

have a tendency
TO look aw ay
from each other,
or graphic ally
speaking the Wis
ual angl c : di-
verge. TIL e
scowlirg, stern,
even maSterful
expression of his
face Is typical Of
il. With c : o.
phoria the brows
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07
An Tteer WASTE

Dashaway-I have just heard from
Miss Penstock what an uncomfortab bic
voyage she had going over, and l wish
now hadn't sent her that fve-pound
box of candy down to the steamer be-
fore she left.
Cleverton-Why?
Dashaway-Wen. it was Just like
throwing money oyerboard--Brooklyn
life
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

mon pose. II the
readers of thei
description will
keep their own
eyes open on the
street, such faces
VIII be observed.
They are classed
a s orthophoria,
esophoria, e xo-
phoria and by
perph o ria A
criminal whose
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

Enueline-so Marie's engagement: Is
broken ! thOsgbt the ard Harry ior.d
each other Gev0ts6ly
Ssuds-sO they did: bu: they vert
cot sailing together lat week and both
&C. sea s1Gx--Jo1ys
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07
MAKING THEM OVER
Surgery Makes Criminals Pro-
tected Glass Among Men
Detection Rendered Inpossible-A Little
Gilt Near tho Eye Makes Any Grim
inaI Stranger to the
World.
fcnPYKIGHT, Is94.l

ON BTRNES,
the head of the
New York police
department, has
a new sensation
"A solution of
the present in
creased boldness
Of criminals that
is 10 revolution
ize police tactics
in America. The
wide-awake su-
perrin tie Il d e Il {
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-11-07

-rnsu soo-.oroe .. -. DoT, - s'ar.-
Ing a h:tls hank. jSs, for fan- TEs
sharss IL % BE Ten cents each
Father 0ala yOs ike - - one of
TIE sbarcholdsrN7
small Son-OA. 70. hut IA Ike tc'o<
o7s .! tle borrOSeTA-So<1 News