davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
Quick Results.

There is one advantage with hogs, and
that is with good care, they can be
graded up quicker than any other class
of farm stock, writes N. j. Sheppard in
the Prairie Farmer. A full-blooded sire
if in a good thrifty condition and pos
sessing individual merit to such an ex-
tent as to be able to transmit his good
qualities to his offspring, viii stamp his
influence upon the whole farm herd
He can be used with service with quite
a number of sows in the fall. With good
treatment the sows will farrow and the
pigs will be good half-bloods. AS such
they will make good feeders and with
care in feeding can be pushed along so
that by late in the fall or early winter
the best of the sows may be selected
and bred to a full-blooded sire and by
spring will farrow pigs that will be
three-Quarter bloods. If proper care is
taken in the selection, with no class of
stock can the Improvement be made as
rapidly or be extended as far. A reas-
onably well-matuted boar can serve
thirty sows during the ten weeks that
may be considered a good time to mate
the sows in the fall for spring pigs. AL
lowing a fair number of pigs to be far
rowed, a good sire bred in that way can
supply half-blood young sows to a large
number of farmers within a year after
commencing to use for service. SO that
considering the cost, it seems pure econ
omy to use only full-blood sires in breed
ing the sows.
If given good treatment so as to secure
a steady growth and development a
young boar can be used for service to
some extent when eight months old
Not extensively, of course, but sufIi-
Client to derive considerable benefit so
that, considering the cost, there is no
animal that will return as good a profit
on the investment in as short a time
and for this reason it seems poor economy
to use or depend upon anything but a
full-blood male, at least in breeding.
With hogs as with other stock, every
advantage must be taken to lessen the
cost of production and to increase the
profits, and one of the ways Of doing
this is to keep good hogs. and when II is
not possible to have all full-blood an
imals, the next best plan is to use a full
blood male and secure good grades and
then give them good treatment.
In addition TO the quicker results in
breeding, better hogs will give quicker
results in feeding as a good grade hog
can be ready for market by the time
it is nine months old. while the average
scrub will need nearly double this time
and the longer the feed the greater the
risk of loss as well as the greater the
expense.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
Buying Commercial manuren.

The difficulty which most troubles a
majority of farmers is that of making or
purchasing enough fertilizer to make their
farm operation successful, say the Amer
lean Cultivator No farmer has enough
homemade manure. Often that which is
homemade costs more, both to make and
to distribute on the land than the CONNER
cial fertilizer which he purchases. in
such cases there are only two alternatives
that can make farming successful. One
is to improve the stock so that it's gain
will offset the cost of feed. That will
make the home manure pile cost only the
labor required to distribute 1t upon the
fields. The other is to keep less stock,
make the best possible manure you can
from that, and supplement the home sup
ply with purchased commercial fertilizers.
An unbusinesslike prjudice is widely
prevalent against relying largely on COM
mercial manures. That some farmers have
done so unWisely does not Justify this
prejudice There are always men who will
make mistakes in business, but we think
the proportion of farmers who have failed
from purchasing too much commercial
fertilizer is very small The trouble lies
usually in other causes Commercial ma
nures, though expensive, are so much
more easily applied than homemade ma
nureS that they are often used as substi-
tutes rather than as supplementary to
the nome product. No farmer can ford
to buy commercial nitrogen and phos-
plate while the manure made by farm
stock is wasting in the barn yard from ex-
posture to sun, wind and rain The farmer
who buys commercial manure only to
save himself the labor of drawing ont
and spreading what is in his harvard
does not fail because he bought the min
eral manure, but because he is too slow
or too lazy to be thoroughly good
farmer
1t is so nearly always when a farmer
finds that his commercial manures do not
pay. He has bought them late in the sea
son, after the heavy early rains which are
necessary TO make the mineral fertilizer
available. In other cases the fertilizer
is used on some crop that the farmer neg
lects to cultivate properly. OF course the
manure stimulates weed growth as well
as growth of the crop. At the end of the
season, under either of these circIm-
stances, the crop is liable to be only very
slightly increased, and what was really
the fault of the farmers neglect is
charged to the mistake of purchasing
commercial manures
Bought and applied early in the season
and to crops that need ard receive thor
ough care, we believe the commercial
fertilizer will always pay if used as
supplement to all the manure that the
farm makes. Farmers can by trial at
first on small scale ascertain what
kinds of manures are most needed on
their soils. If they have n good deal OF
stable manure that may be depended on
to furnish nitrogen for all late crops, for
such crops sown or planted after warm
weather comes, only the mineral ma
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15

There are two things which all cigar
smokers might observe with profit to
themselves" said r. c. Brownlow Mr.
Brownlow travels for a large cigar man
ufactory, and knows a thing or two about
the ethics of smoking. Before lighting a
cigar bite off the end, and, placing the
end to be lighted between your lips, blow
through it. In this way you get rid of a
fine dust that accumulates in cigar when
1t is dry, which Is apt to niane your
vocal chords and injure your voice. 1T is
a valuable hint to singers, for / know Of
quite a number of professional opera
singers who never light a cigar until they
have blown out all the dust. TO the fall
ure to do this may be attributed in great
part the throat diseases with which
steady smokers are afflicted
Another valuable suggestion from an
economic standpoint is to thrust your
cigar into your vest pocket with the
pointed end up. Many vest pockets are
so shallow as to cause the end of a cigar
to stick out over the edge. The constant
rubbing of tho coat against the large end,
which is very much more sensitive than
the other. causes it to fray and break,
necessitatinG the wetting of the wrapper
i'm order to make the cigar available at
all Any one who viii act on these two
hints will live longer and save money"
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15

The vines yield an enormous crop to the
acre, averaging from one to two tons,
equal TO that of the best clover sod. For
nay alone the peanut crop is valuable,
and northern farmer would put the
vines TO such good use as to make the
land pay every season, even though the
nuts failed to yield any returns. Even
the hulls of the nuts make excellent cattle
feed when ground up and mixed with
meal. and this is done in Germany at
all the peanut factories. A coarse kind Of
paper is also manufactured from the nut
shells.
Comparisons with the cotton crop
should be made in considering the future
outlook for peanuts. Not many years ago
the cotton seeds were looked upon as
waste material that every one was glad
10 get rid of, but the value of these seeds
to-day annually equals about SEQ. 0OO. 900
Inc OIL from the peanuts is said to be bet
Ter than cotton-seed oil, and it sells for
90 cents a gallon, while cotton-seed oil
sells for 30 cents. The meal from cotton
seed sells at 81 per ton. and peanut for
S21. and while there is a waste to the cot
ton crop in the stalks leaves and burrs
there is no waste at all to the peanut
crop. Again, the cost of raising and
harvesting peanut crop is about one
thlrd that of raising and harvesting cot
ton, ana land too poor for cotton will
yleld twenty bushels of peanuts to the
acre On very good land, however from
Lfty 10 seVenty-tive bushels can be raised
TO the acre. Altogether the outlook for
the peanut crop looks far more favorable
than ever before, and the COOLERS may
yet largely solve the southern prombIem
of more diversified farming.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
Bran for Feed.

We have frequently taken occasion to
point out the value of bran as a milk
and meat producing food, says north
western stock journal. We propose to
say something further on the subject
Just now, because this is usually the sea-
son or tho year at which 1t can be bought
Tor less money than at any other time,
ana we desire to see our readers avail
themselves of the opportunity When they
Iully realize how valuable bran is, we
feel satisfied that they viii do so. The fact
Is beyond contradiction that a pound Of
bran contains more valuable food than
a pound Of wheat. for nearly one-half
inc wheat is starch, which contains very
little nutriment. one pound of fat is
worth nearly two and a half pounds Of
starch, and a ton of wheat contains but
thirty pounds OF fat, while ton Of bran
contains eighty-four pounds Prof Goess-
man OF the Massachusetts, experiment sta
ton states that a ton OF bran contains
about sixty pounds more protein muscle
and energy producing constituency than
a ton OF corn. and that 10 Is more digest
ible. and this IS corroborated by Prof.
Arnold who adds: Hence bran at the
same eostr as corn meal is much
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
The Need of Potanh.

There is no doubt but many of our soils
are deficient in potash, and that a good
application of this substance in some of
its forms would help most of the crops
says w. f. f. in Indiana Farmer Nitro
gen, potash and phosphoric acid are
elements of the soil and make our plants
grow. Proper manuring with green ma
terial. and with barnyard litter, viii gen
orally supply the nitrogen, provided good
thorough tillage is then given The nj
trogen Of the soil must be released from
It's prison, and this is accomplished only
by tillage.
Some recent examinations at the expe-
rlment stations show distinctly the great
amount of potash that is removed from
the soils by the various crops. Every one
takes up certain amount and the other
crops cannot be expected to develop all
around if the potash is lacking Grass,
corn and hay crops that come after them
are apt to suffer from the lack of this
mineral unless 1t is aFtiiicially supplied
Nearly all fodder crops .take potash from
the soil rapidly, and when these have been
harvested, no matter what the next croD
is to be, some potash should be applied.
The potato crop should be given sulphate
OF potash as the most beneficial, at the
rate of 300 to 400 pounds per acre The nj
trate of soda answers the best on oats
dred pounds should be applied to the
crops early in the spring, when the new
growth is starting up. Potash should also
be applied to the clover, and this will not
only benefit the land but the clover CROP
and the animals that eat the grass Such
applications of potash means much larger
crops, better quality of plants and pro
ducts, and higher fertility of the soil.
Potash is contained in all of the fertil
izers and manUres that we apply to the
soil, but in such different quantities and
forms that a word should be said about
the matter at this time Of the year. In
many barn yards the potash Is allowed to
go to waste so that the value of the ma
nure is lessened very materially TIE
urine of the animals contains nearly all
Of the potash that we get from the ma.
nure, and if this is allowed to waste four
hfths of the very element we are after is
lost. Yet this is the case in very many
barn-yards. Straw or other material
should always be ready to coax up the
urine and retain it. Another source OF
waste of potash comes from rains and
melting SHOWS. If the manure is exposed
to the rains the running water washes
nearly all of the soluble potash away.
The manure may be exposed to the open
air, but the top should be covered so that
descending rains cannot wash the best
part of the material away one load OF
good manure properly gathered in the
home barn-yard is worth two OF the ma
nure often bought at stables where no
care Is given to it. 1t is impossible with
out a chemical analysis TO ascertain the
value OF the purchased manure but It Is
possible to make the home product come
up to the highest standard.
Indiana Farmer.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15

nures. like potash and phosphate, will be
required. But crops that are put in very
early in the spring, and especially those
whose successful growing depend on ear
illness, will also require heterogeneous ma
nure in available form for use. This is
most expensive of all, and part of this
supply may be furnished if the stable ma
nure has been piled and composted dur
ing the winter. One of the best plans for
using nitrate of soda on early crops is to
mix it with the winter compost heap,
thus reinforcing the fermented manure
with the element that most actively slim
ulates plant growth.
A few experiments will soon show the
farmer what kinds of crops will pay for
extra manuring, and what kinds of COM
mercial fertilizer will usually be best
adapted to his purpose. When he has
found that buying fertilizers pays, he
ought not to be niggardly in their pur-
chase. Most farmers who use fertilizers
use them much too sparingly to get the
best results. We except from this the use
of phosphate fertilizers on grain. If the
land is reasonably fertile, an application
OF 100 to 200 pounds per acre of some re-
liable brand will give as good results as
one of two or three times that amount.
But for hoed crops, especially for po-
tatoes, when the fertilizer is applied
early enough, the heavier the application
up to six or eight hundred pounds per
acre, the better will be the profit. On a
crop where the farmer puts so much labor
as he should in growing potatoes, the
small dose of fertilizers is a great mis-
take. All the labor of caring for the crop
is made lighter If the potato vines have
vigorous growth from the first 1t is
very rarely that the potato beetle will
lay eggs on strong, vigorous potato vines
and when it does. if a rainy time comes
the water outside and the 1uiCiness of
the vine adde's most of the eggs 1t is
possible with good seed and liberal ma
nuring with the best commercial manures
to lessen the amount of work required in
keeping potatoes free from bugs and
larva, by making the growth so strong
that these enemies will not greatly trouble
it.
In the northern states the larger part
of the commercial fertilizers used thus
far has been phosphate, and IL has been
used for growing wheat, oats, barley and
occasionally corn. But farmers are learn
ing that other crops equally profit by
the use Of commercial manures, and that
potash fertilizers are especially needed
for growing fruit profitably Instead of
lessening the use of commercial fertil-
izers, we think they are to be used
mush more freely than ever before, and
especially by those whose land is too val
liable to be profitably devoted mainly to
the growing of stock.-American Guilt
VatOr.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
Fertilizers for Garden CROPS.

A New Jersey gardener thinks it more
profitable for him to buy materials and
mix his fertilizers to suit himself. He
buys by the ton and thus gets the mate
rial at lowest cost. We think he would
find more profit in feeding the cotton-seed
meal to stock and using the manure
therefrom than in using IT as meal The
manure will decompose much more quick
~ than will cotton-secd. and there is
Comparatively little loss OF fertilizing ma
terial in passing through animals that are
fattcnng.
The gardener recommends the following
formula for most kinds Of vegetables:
one thousand pounds cotton-seed meal
or bone meal. both costing about $50 n ton (;
800 pounds bone black, costing S25 a ton ;
and 500 pounds Of muriate OF potash
costing A2 to A5 a ton. This makes one
ton OF hrst-class manure, costing about
$780, I have had better results from this
formula than from sac special manures
from the manufacturer. ] used the same
formula on two acres Of sweet potatoes
last season, making a fine crop OF about
60 barrels 10 the acre. 1 put 1920 pounds
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
Berin Work Now.

The farming as we'll as the gardening
wear. begins in the fall In either depart
ment there is not very much to be done in
the way of seed sowing in October, but
there are a few very important crops to
be started.
In the farm department there is still
very important and valuable crop TO be
started and we would urge 1t upon our
readers over a very large part of Georgia
there is no more appropriate time for
starting a crop of oats than during the
month of October And as we have ad-
vocated for a number of years, there is
no better time for making sowing of
clover. When soil improvement is sought
there is. nothing better that a farmer can
do than to SOW clover during this month,
and in more southerly sections even dur
ing the next month.
It is really a source of regret to us that
so few of our farmers realize how valu-
able to them is the bur" and the crimson
clovers.
We have no hesitation in making the
assertion that the farmer that makes
sowing of bur clover once is likely to
sow it the rest of his life. Not that it
needs to be sown every year, but we mean
he is apt to increase his acreage a little
every year.
For winter and spring pasture it is
excelled by nothing we know of in the
shape of clover. We admit lucern is SUI
perior to it, if it is properly treated, and
crimson clover in most instances is equal
to it.
What pity it is that our farmers have
been so slow to test the valuable plants
that have been recommended to them
these ten or twenty years by men who
have given the plants a trial and proved
their value.
Surely there are some of our farmers
who realize that they have made a mis-
take in clinging co closely to cotton and
corn for the past twenty years.
There is money in good pastures and
meadows; there is money in stock God
help this southern country if more of
our farmers do not awake to the fact that
new system must be inaugurated 1t is
not fancy, it is not theory that says this
is so. 1t is the words of practical men
who have studied southern farming and
the interests of southern farmers for
twenty years.
Is there any other argument necessary
to show the southern farmers that they
have made a great mistake. in risking
their all upon cotton and corn? Does not
their own experience these fifteen or
twenty years prove to them that they
have made a mistake-a huge mistake
in not raising more hogs, moro beef, more
sheep, more hay, in not making the farm
more sustaining? The man who cannot
see his mistake now, If he never saw it
before, it is not likely to make the change
soon enough to prove of any real benefit
to him, though it is possible that he may
inaugurate the change that will bring
benefits to his children.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
Cleansing the Streets Of Paris.

from HarpeTs Weekly.
When it is said that the entire pavement
surface Of Paris is swept clean every
morning, and that to accomplish this
only $500 men are employed at most, and
large proportion of these only for a few
hours each day, IT hardly needs saying
that the work Of the street-cleaning
service is conducted in a most system
attic way. The plan adopted, is however.
extremely simple. For purposes of street
cleaning the city has been divided into
$50 districts called "atehers." Each
atelier is presided over by an official
known as a "cantonnier." who is held
responsible for the proper care of all
streets in his territory Such a force of
subordinate employees and such machinery
and apparatus are provided as experience
has proved necessary. The canton
niers' and their chief subordinates are
salaried officials (at from 100 to 125 francs
per month";, and give their entire time to
the service; the other employees are paid
by the hour (strong men receiving 80 to
81 centlmes, and women, children and
weak men from % to 30 centimes,D and,
as rule, are employed only during the
morning hours
The main body of the work is done by
sweeping each drawn by a sin
gle horse. the work of hand-brooms being
only supplementary. The order of pro-
ceedure is practically the same in all
parts of the city and over all kinds OF
pavements. Summer and winter the
work begins at 4 a. m. In advance goes a
watering machine to settle the dust
This Is followed in narrow streets by a
single machine, and in wider ones by two
or even three machines in succession,
the foremost one nearest the center of the
street Such a cavalcade passing up one
side of a street and back the other shifts
all the surface garbage of that street into
the cutters on either side, while a single
man following fushes the cutters, and
directs all but the builder portions of the
garbage into the sewer openings, situated
at short intervals between the hydrants
Such caValCade Is equivalent to a small
army Of hand-sweepers, 1t being esti-
mated that each machine does the work
! of twelve men-that is to say, of twelve
| Parisians, each of whom is supposed &c
sweep 500 square metres In an hour just
what the equivalent of a machine would
be in terms of the doughy-muscled time
servers employed in New York's farcical
street-cleaning service 1t would be haz-
ardous to guess. Each cohort of water
ing carts and sweeping-machines has. OF
course, it's definite district to cover and
so accurately are these apportioned that
all the different cohorts finish at practi-
cally the same time. By about $50 the
| entire city has been swept and the de-
| tritus worn from the paVements by thou
! sands of hoofs and wheels the day and
night before is being carried harmlessly
| on through the great sewers to the Seine
| instead of hurting on every chance gust
into the face of the wayfarer, as does the
! dust of less favored cities.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15
Proats % the Peanut cron.

Georgia Cor Of the Philadelphia Times.
in the south there are several peanut
oil and meal factories in practical opor-
alton. and though the output Is small,
yet IL is likely to increase rapidly. The
agricultural department and state chem
lists are working with the southern farm
ers TO develop this industry, and all new
information obtainable from Germany
and France is freely distributed among
the southern peanut growers The pea
nut crop has always been "A profitable
one down here, but the yield has reached
such proportions that the demand Is
already pretty well supplied II a new
market for the crop could be opened many
new acres OF land would be planted with
the COOLERS. Peanuts are not exhaustive
crops to the soil. and n the vines arc re-
turned to the land the fertility Is not
exhausted AZ all. The vines. however. are
OF great value as cattle food, and through
out the south they are generally gathered
to feed the cows and other farm animals.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-10-15

of the $50 fertilizer on each acre, cost
ing about SIS an acre.
To estimate the value Of fertilizers sew
eral years are necessary We may esti-
mate for some particular crop or year,
but we must include several to be correct.
l shall count on my two acres of sweet
potato grounds for several years. We can
reason on the future only by the past.
My married land shows the good effect of
mari put on 26 years ago. Pure bone
meal will last for years, because 1t con-
tains a good deal of phosphoric acid and
other fertilizing ingredients. Muriate of
potash contains much potash, which is
lasting.
1 have experimental with nitrate of
soda, which costs from $50 to $50 ton.
This is fine fertilizer for tomatoes, cab
bage, and many other garden crops.-Ex.