davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08
Fertilizer for Potatoes.

Editor Agricultural Department Morn
ing News: Kindly advise me through
your columns of the best formula for
Irish potatoes. The land intend to plant
was used about year ago as a truck
farm, and is clay soil. Your kind atten-
ton will oblige, S. W, JR.
Such soil as you mention, should be
listed up as early as possible, so as to
allow few freezes, if such occur, to get
the surface thoroughly pulverized. The
soil should be left in a fluted condition.
II you propose to use any stable manure
haul it out and broadcast over the land as
soon as possible, distributing it as evenly
as may be practicable. Just before
the time to plant, broadcast say 400
pounds kainit and 200 to 800 pounds of
some high grade phosphate or super phos-
phate.
Not knowing the quality of your land it
is not possible to suggest very definitely
what it requires of the different elements
to make it produce a maximum crop,
with all due regard for making it a profit
able crop. Potatoes are crop that ma
lures in a few months and of course de-
mand fertilizer the elements of which
must be in proper shape for instant abb
sorption-highly soluble. 1t may be that
the land is well supplied with humus and
consequently nitrogen. In that case it
would be wasteful to supply any more for
this crop. You will not act amiss, however,
in using the kainit and super phosphate,
or plain phosphate, in the manner sug-
gested.
The manner of preparing the soil is an
important feature in potato growing. Do
not begrudge at least two good plowings
and harrowings in fitting it for the re-
ception of the seed. Plant in 3-foot rows,
have two eyes to the cut, and allow IS
| inches distance in the rows In covering
the seed run long, narrow scooter on
each side of the row.. taking care not to
run so close as to raise the seed upwards.
Twelve or fifteen days after planting and
| just as the potatoes begin to come up
| give the soil a good narrowing across the
rows. This will kill all young weeds and
| be the first cultivation
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08

towns and cities, in manufactures, COM
merce, transportation, in the professions,
or working for a salary, eXpend large
proportion of their income in these things,
while farmers fail to take them into ac-
count in estimating their income from
their farms. If those farmers who think
that their farms do not pay would grow
for their families the products enumer-
ated above, and credit their farms with
their market value, together with rent OF
house, value of teams service for the
pleasure and convenience of their fami-
lies, they would find that their farms
make a much better showing than
they credit them with. If those farmers
who so greatly undervalue the benefits
which their families receive from the
farm We're to sell out and move into town
where they would have to pay house rent,
purchase all those supplies furnished by
garden, orchard and farm. hire livery or
pay car fare every time their families
wish to ride they would find that it would
consume pretty liberal income. speak
from experience. l spent about forty-five
years on the farm and have since lived a
few years in city, and although my cash
income is more than double what it was
on the farm, it will not provide as liberal
diet or as many of the goods of life as
enjoyed on the farm.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08

gives the best results. That which is much
above the standard weight has most often
a rough, gritty chaff, which so acts on
the stomach as to expel much of the grain
in an undigested state. The hull, how
ever soft its texture, is always laxative,
and moderate degree of laxativeness is
beneficial, especially to breeding animals,
but there is no gain in passing through
the heaviest grain in nearly whole state.
Better use a light grain, which will be
more thoroughly digested. 1t is com
monty supposed that the Oat which sells
for the highest price is the best feed but
1t is not always the case.
1t is Important to keep the earth well
drawn back from the bulbs as soon as
they develop an inclination TO
form. In its tender stages the onion pos
sesses very little expansive power, and it
needs only slight collar of impacted
sand around it to prevent it from spread
ing and cause it to grow up a scallion.
The earth should be drawn back so as to
expose the young bulb to the light; to do
this effectively and not upset the onion
requires very careful work, either with a
little hand-weeder or with the fore finger
protected with leather cot In loose
soils of almost pure sand this extra pre-
caution is not so necessary, but in the
heavy soils of the 1atwoods or hammocks
it is important to look to IL that the bulbs
do not become choked.
A writer in northern exchange re-
lates a remarkable case as the result Of
the use of sulphate of potash on onions.
The seed was sown, by mistake, about
three times too thick, and the plants
were never thinned out The potash
made them grow SO thrifty that they
were almost literally piled up in d row.
The yield was remarkable, but the story
seems to require a slight discounting.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08
Best Feed for Horsas-

lroi' Plumb, in replying to a question
S - " what constitutes the cheapest and
r Ges. morse food, gives the following in the
Indiana Farmer:
ss ~ zone one oushel of shelled corn weighing
bPPounus, u is estimated occurs of diges-
n lUe 1000, 3.9 pounds crude protein. IS. 5
etSa. carbohydrates and % pounds
inr extract, total of ALI pounds. hay-
-Ds cost of AZ cents
consist ming the mixture referred to to
and ' ~ OF % pounds each of ground oats
h A n [Onl, OF digestible food there occurs
abboLSl9s crude protein, 540 pounds of
stracoto Surates and SO pounds of ether ex-
& A wei, a total OF B5.9 pounds, costing 81.
eon, I's y OF this mixture of oats and corn
4 ents W Dushel of corn would cost Sc
Die food. -'''lA oo'9 POUNDS OF dlgesti-
peci nG protein however, is that part es-
h he mil. lllp ortant but in Sc pounds of
Mali ~ v ou Vhere is but trife over a
tb ri 60 Of one per cent more than occurs in
ence ~ I. pounds of corn, so that the differ-
M 10 not important.
greato, asooVe showing makes the cost
Corn u. Ior the mixture than for the plain
SANE % ,, ~ costs IA cents more for the
i5 Ia. matter gives about five bounds
4 horse foo uSYweVer, is not so desirable a
fed to No. as oats, and while it is mostly
parts NJ tb PCS IN the great corn belt and in
feast and ' h'5 SCUM, 1T is seldom fed in the
and EnrooeSS olg draya ge firms of America
Ing food Corn is not a muscle build
Stance Gnu oru oats Is. There is a sub.
|the oat iii the protein of
mot fonnd grain peculiar to it
|termed 49, IN corn, l believe,
|especialIv raiie' tha1 makes that grain
|iatform{nr asi Iole fol' horses. Corn is a
Ifattening I9oo, and is better suited to
the feedinc,o nll Lils or milking cows. In
|ot some ~ Ltayions which have noticed
York and sI nc oIg esta blishments of New
lands of bonnIuIoh' whlere they keep thou
20 corn is ~ ses ana ou y all Of their grain,
decided nart ~ while oats forms quite a
.gven. ' VI the mixed grain ration
prefer TO feed the mixture Of
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08
proftahle Poultry Raising.

Poultry raising is a great industry in
everv section of our great and growing
country. but nowhere in the world are
there any greater possibilities for it than
Etbere Is in Middle Georgia, unless it is in
FLORIDA or parts of California, and even
.bose sections possess but little advantage
tover the section in which the writer of
4this lives. In this locality we have COM
Snaratiyely little winter, when freezing
weather NAV be expected to occur and
9that is the main consideration after all.
i've have in Middle Georgia as favorable
weather for poultry raising as they have
Bny where in France-the greatest poul-
stry country in the world. If there is any
Scountry where hens can be. made to lay
all the winter under proper management,
ID is right here on the line of $50 north
latitude, where we have little, really Sc
we're weather, except for short period in
January.
81 1t is fact that with about half the at
tention that is given poultry in New York
lpr Massachusetts the poultry grower in
Middle Georgia can produce almost double
the results that can be obtained in those
states. A fairly warm place for the
hnonths of November, December and Jan
Nuary, a proper amount of appropriate
food and water, and then it is a mere
Nquestion of breed whether egg or chicken
production will be satisfactory thing or
hot.
1t is quite true that the majority of our
poultry keepers do not use their advant-
ageS to the extent of one-half, no, not
one-third that they might do. If they did
the state of Georgia would produce as
many eggs and chickens in any year as
the whole country of France does. Egg
and chicken raising in Georgia to-day is
about as haphaZard "devil-me- care"
business as 1t could we'll be. There is
little or no intelligent consideration given
~ mat IS, by the masses of the poultry
Il keepers. There are a few who give the
business fair and reasonable attention, but
8thoSe who do this are living in the towns
and cities and are very small proportion
ol VnoSe who make a pretense of poultry
ralslng. The southern farmer, if he has
poultry at all and he invariably has more
b cr less, has fat poultry, but generally he
doeS not have egg producers and for the
simple reason, that about the only food
mat he gives his hens is corn and no man
Scdh make hen produce eggs that is fed
Cu tnlS food exclusively. He may keep
idI lowls, but he cannot have egg-pro-
N uQcers' The farmer chat does not produce
wheat and oats and that does not have
meat scraps on hand in the
WINTER and spring cannot expect to have
3 ah egg day from his hens unless they
|sre an extraordinary breed, that we con
teSs we do not see every day, even at the
but the farmer, or anybody else, that
4 wlll Keep the best stnains of leghorns or
uacK Spanish hens, and will feed them
quarry on wheat and oats and supply
snetl with all the bone meal they will eat
n Soupply!ng them, of course, with pure
"aSer IN abundance, and keeping them
B w %a tal IN winter weather, is quite likely
10 Georgia. -, 'c-.9> ' ''--0i
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08
BANKER oLEws' VIEWS.
The Financial Outlook as Seen From
Wall Street.

Flew York, Jan. 6.-The new year opens
with a feeling on the stock exchange
which is in welcome contrast to the tone
of affairs outside. There is no very
marked buoyancy, nor any great activ-
ity in securities; but equally there is an
entire absence of the pessimism and pros
tration that prevail universally in the
commercial markets. 1t may be worth
while to consider this difference; for it is
real and has causes which ought TO be
generally understood.
/. There is undoubtedly an exception
ally light supply of securities on the
market. This is evident from the large
decline in the construction of new rail-
roads during recent years. For the four
years 1S86-7-S-9, the average increase of
mileage was 8 $50 per year. For 1892 and
1898 the average increase was 4,300;
whilst last years new construction is
estimated at about 5000 miles. The con
struction of 1893 was but trihe in
excess of the average for the five years
of prostration following the panic of
1873. 1t is to be considered also
that the construction of the last five years
has consis ted largely of extensions by ex-
listing corporations, rather than of new
road by new companies, and much of that
was built from the earnings of the COM
panies instead of from new issues of Sc
curities, with a two-fold result--an in
crease of property owned, but without
corresponding increase of obligations,
though with some resulting diversion OF
income from dividends. This has
strengthened the intrinsic condition of
many roads and increased their earning
capacity, although it has tended to tenn
porarily keep down the rate Of dividends.
2. The operation of this process for
fully four years past, has had the effect
of reducing the supply Of new railroad
securities coming upon the market 10 an
exceptionally low minimum much lower
than that Of ordinary times, and below
what conservative course of investment
was capable Of absorbing. One result of
this drift appears In the fact that proba-
bly, at no period for years past. has the
amount of stocks and bonds held for
market by railroad promoters and CAPT
talists been so relatively low as it is to-
day. This factor Is always one that has
an importantI bearing upon the strength
OF the market; for the knowledge that
there are large blocks of securities await
ing an opportunity to be shifted upon the
public naturally tends to keep buyers per
sistently timid and encourages assault
from the professional "bears;" and, vice
versa, opposite conditions encourage con
hdence.
3. The foreign markets for our invest
ments afford no present, reasons for dis
trust in the home market IT is not 10 be
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08
Write Us.

Now that the holidays are over and the
initial steps taken for the new work of
I sa4 we hope our farmer and gardener
leaders will take upitheir pen or pencil and
Communicate some of their thoughts and
evneriences to the Agricultural depart
'nent Of the NEWS. In this way you can
sid us greatly in making it entertaining
md instructive. Practical, common sense
s5iscpssion of the various questions that
'concern the farmer, gardener and
strnit grower is what we seek to bring into
Us column. 1t will afford US much
Measure to publish anything that will be
{belnful to such as are enumerated above
Han us to answer any question that may
.be propounded in this column.
AGRICULTURAL EDITOR,
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08

ws solicit articles for this department.
,r,o name of the writer should accompany
r. LETTER or article, not necessarily for
fnblication, but as an evidence of good
hath.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08

denied that the general commercial de-
preston IN England and on the continent
Is curtailing largely the income which
might otherwise be seeking investment
In our stocks and bonds: but il is equally
true that those causes are not inducing
any return home of our securities Dur
ing the period between the Barring failure
and our great silver crisis, very large
amounts, probably ranging in total market
value between 1925, 600, 900 and $3.50, 0O0.-
OO0, were sent back on us; but we took
them without Inconvenience, evidently
because Of the light supplies on the mar
ket above alluded to; and that re-
turn movement has apparently taken
OF the foreign markets all the stocks and
bonds they care to part with; so that
there Is little probability of important
further supplies coming from that source.
III II be said that the immense amount of
railroad property now under receiverships
is calculated to shake foreign confidence,
the answer from fact is that no securities
are coming back on that account 1t is
on the other hand, n question deserving
consideration whether, with the growing
approximations of a great European war
coming in the spring ana the current low
rates of earnings on industrial capital,
English, German and Dutch investors
may not show "A preference tor our invest
ments over those of their respective
countries.
4. Industrial securities, taken as a
whole, have reached level of prices at
which many will regard them with in
creased confidence. The silver panic and
the prospective effects of the new tariff
have produced such an extraordinary col
lapse in prices, that it is hardly conceiva-
bic how they can fall much further. The
following are the comparative quotations
for this group of stocks at the beginning
of 1898 and 1894 respectively.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08
Seed Artichokes wanted.

Agricultural Editor of Morning News
havea clipping taken from your depart
ment some little time since headed "arti
chokes for hogs" from the pen of Nh
Eli Heaton, Howard county, Indiana. Car
you kindly give his full address OF
inform me where can procure two OF
three bushels of artichokes for seedl
H. M. HIGGINBoTHAM.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08

This comparison shows an average de-
cline of 40 points during the year; so that
this class of securities can hardly be re-
garded as any longer constituting an ele-
ment of weakness in the market. 1t is
moreover to be noted that the trust COM
binations now hold a stronger position in
the eye of the law than they did a year
ago. The many legal decisions have been
so almost uniformly in favor of their toll
GRAFTON, that body of law has been crea-
ted in respect to them which virtually in
sures for them immunity from legal re-
straint until the laws are so changed as
to give the courts much larger powers of
control over monopolies.
o. Another fact accounting for the
present comparatively healthy tone of
the market is that investment is being di-
verted from other enterprises to railroad
properties The prevailing demoraliZa-
ton in our industries and in enterprises
of evey kind naturally postpones the en-
pioyment of capital in such undertake
ings. Railroad stocks and bonds thus be-
come the chief available source of invest
ment for the time being, and they are the
more readily taken because, at present
prices, they promise an ultimate large
gain on the principal, even those that, for
the present, are not paying dividends.
In view of the foregoing facts, it is not
difficult to explain the great difference in
tone as between the commercial and the
financial markets. The former are de.
moralized and disorganized and yield no
profit; the latter afford the only present
chance for floating capital making money.
The enormous amount of money resting
in banks and trust companies shows that,
while the supply of securities is unusually
light, there is ample capital waiting to
find employment in them. In these i'm
portant respects, the new year opens with
reasonably encouraging prospects for bus
mess on the stock exchange.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08

We cannot give the address. You can
and should buy the seed nearer to you
than Indiana. Write j. H. Alexander
Co, Augusta, Ga. Any of our subscribers
having artichokes should advertise them
as there is considerable demand for them,
it appears. Artichokes should not cost
you more than 81 80 or So per bushel.
They could be profitably grown for 50
cents per bushel if there was large de-
mand for them.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-01-08

corn and oats to corn exclusively, if I had
TO buy, even though it costs a little more.
believe stronger horse will result and
the food will be better relished by him.
Yet II the horse has good teeth, and is
given only light work, the corn for grain
would not be so undesirable.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1894-10-11

IT would evidently be Il wise thing
for the state Of Wisconsin and Mn
nc~Ota. as well Is all other States in
which there are vast tracks of
wooded land, to take some official
action toward aSccrtaining the catSc>
of the late great forest fires. 1t i
obviously impossible to prevent oc-
ca>ional outbreaks in these immense
stretches OF timber. Nor does it
seem at all possible successfully To-
fight the flames in their course when
once started. 1t is. however, by nc
means unlikely that tae respective
state governments Could IN Il meas
IRE torefcnd such terrible fatalities
as those at liinckley. either by max
ing Official arrangements for The
warning of the inhabitants or by
cnaCting legislation compelling the
extensive clearing Of timber around
every town or village. At least, it
seems only prudent that the people
in these forest towns should be pro-
yjdcd with proper means OF escape or
else required to provide themSelve.
with such Il safeguard. Were certain
areas Of the forest tract divided into
districts, ca"h district provided with
a safe clearing OF other easily Access
sible place Of refuge and Il systematic
plan adopted for the transporta
tion Of people thitncr in time of dan
ger. such c~atastrophcs as those re-
Gently witnessed in the north might
be considerably mitigatcd, if they
cannot be wholly avertcd.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1894-10-11

ONE VI. BcrS;cr. Of Franco, has in
vented Il device by which the OIL
pass is made to act as helmSman.
When the ship Strays from the course
for which the instrument has been
set, an electric current starts "A motor
the vessel back into its proper course.
Great accuracy and 10 loss of dis
lance in q run of twCntv-fOur hours
are claimed for the mechanism,
which is said to have been success
fully tried for two months.
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1894-10-11

ycntilatinc facilities it affords rem
dcrS it one Of the best features Of the
plan. The basement is reached by
stairs under the main stairs, and is
used for heating and play-room pur-
poses. which is well lighted, vcnti-
lated, etc.
The vestibulcs On front and rear
are easy of access. passing through
which we reach the main hall. from
which the three school room open,
also the hat and cloak rooms for each.
The sides of the school rooms are
WainScotcd u the height Of window
sili>, above which are placed black
boards. \ teachers room is placed
hctween;thc two smaller school rooms
and a class room is provided in con.
ncction with the larger room also a
teachers room. watch is reached
from the rear vcstilulc. Ncntilat-
ing tiuc- are carried up in the
four chimncyS. and as these run up
above the roof, superior draughts are
obtained. Ascending to the second
floor by the spacious and easy stairs.
we have Il large lecture room. two
school rooms. hat and cloak rooms, a
teachers room and apparatus room,
all connected with the hall. On
third floor is a room IMP feet, with
a ceiling II feet d inches high. well
lighted and ventilated. which at
times would lie found indispensable
for exhibition purposes, as it is adj
mirably situated. and easy Of access
from all parts Of the building: and
the four walls OF this room being re-
CURED for "A support to roof, it will
he seen no extra expense is added in
getting this room, while the space
around it serves as storage aEu Aur
ventilating purposes.
The bell tower spec, 10. itself,
and is not only usc'u But lives a
great prominence ~ the building.
This Is Il common : L.c school build
Ing. and n that gives AL that it is
possible TODD FOR the amount of money
The Dakota chief. (Gann Valley, Buffalo County, S.D.) 18??-1913, 1894-10-11

AT Liycamento, Uruguay, the
other day, four ~highwaymen attacked
the house Of Pedro CruXen, a mer-
chant. ana demanded $1,000. He re-
piled that he had no money in the
house. The bandits threw him on
the lloor, but he recovered himself.
drew his revolver and shot three OF
his as>ailants dead. When the bod
les were identified they were found
to be regular soldiers. OF whom one
was a Captain, another a Major and
the others their ordcrlicS. 1t would
be interesting to know if the
immediate need Of cash came
from the necessity OF paying
a gambling debt of honor. a
good many o. the South American
armies seem 10 bear some Of the ear
marks of the Italian mcrccnaricS OF
the times Of Signor Cellini. ne Of the
memoirs ard he Stabbing matches.
the easy conscience and the divine
art. The difficulty with our far
Southern friends is that they are not
50 strong on the aesthetic side.