davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10

Mary Yancy. a colored servant however.
had been placed upon the stand. She was
at Mrs. Thomas last spring, and testified
that the defendant had often seen the
basket there, and had, moreover, stated
that Mr.. Breckenridge asked her on one
occasion to come and be the cook for them
when he and Miss Pollard should go to
houseke eping in the following fall. Later
Miss Pollard went to the house on Jeffer-
son place. where Mr.. Breckinridge was by
the side of woman. who. he afterward
stated, was at that time his welded wife.
She said to him: Willie. come with me;
want to see YOU" And he came. and they
went together to Maj Mcore's office There
that most sole nm scene was enacted which
had been testified to by Maj. Moore, and
the truth of the testin Cny of Maj. Moore
had never been questioned On that occa-
sion he promised, or rather expressed, his
intention to marry the plaintiff in the last
Of the month of May.
Promise OF Marriage.
All this, said Mr.. Carlisle as his speech
began to draw toward a close, was the
proof upon which he claimed the case had
been proved. The statements made In the
opening address had all been more than
borne out by the testimony that had been
produced. 1t would be difficult to imagine
case in which a promise of marriage
could be more clearly proved by the testi-
mony or outsiders as to statements made
in their presence. The defendants secret
marriage in New York, so the judge had
instructed them, was no defense, nor could
he take any advantage of his own bad faith
and the lack of honesty that marked his
conduct. The truth of the defendants
story was not borne out by any of his acts
as testified to by himself and by others,
and yet his defense in this case rested sole
ly upon his own unsupported statements
made upon the stand
Caustic Comments.
Mr.. Carlisle then made some caustic COM
ments upon the character of the defendant
who had admitted that the bond which held
him to the plaintiff was one of lust and not
of love, and this, too, when he was living
an outward life of honor and respectability
addressing presbyteries and synods. posing
as a mOrallst and teacher. His whole life
was one long living lie.
The defendant had admitted in the pres
ence of the jury that the statements he
made to Mrs. Blackburn We're false and
not true and were made solely TO meet the
eXiSencieS of the occasion. Without giving
any criterion as to when and how they
could believe he was telling the truth and
when fdlsehood he had asked them to
believe a mCst remarkable story resting
his entire defense upon that story.
The plaintiff did not come before them
as woman without blame or spot, but
the defendant had tried to make her out
worse than she really was. And yet not
withstanding the fact that the theater of
all these acts was in the defendants own
congressional district, all the testimony
they could produce against her was that
of the Shindlebauer woman, of Brand
Kaufman and of Rozell. They had not
proof to show that she had ever COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
ADMIRAL BENHAM RETIRED.
when He Returns Home He Will BE
Welcomed With Honors.

Rear Admiral A. L. X Benham. the
American hero of the Brazilian revolution.
was placed on the retired list of the navy
today by operation of law on account of
age. He is now on the high seas. having
left his late flagship. the San Francisco. at
Curacao, off the coast of Venezuela last
week and having taken passage on a mail
steam er for New York, where he will prob
ably arrive next week. Admiral Benham
was appointed to the navy from Pennsyl-
vania In November, 1S47, and rose through
the various grades to rear admiral Feb
ruary 2s, 1890. In June. 1892, while com
manding the North Atlantic station he
was transferred to the command of the
South Atlantic station to take the place of
Admiral Stanton, who made the mistake
OF saluting the flag of the insurgent leader.
Admiral Mello
Admiral Benham, acting mainly on his
own responsibility, pursued a vigorous policy
IN the interest of American commerce al
RIO, and, by breaking the insurgents block
ade, virtually brought the revolution 10 an
END without in anywise COMPROMISING the
administration. His course was subsa.
quently approved by the President Conse
quently he will be welcomed home with be.
coming honors. His retirement will promote
Commodore F. NJ. Ramsay, chief Of the
bureau of navigation, TO the grade Of ad-
miral, but will probably necessitate no
change In his duties for the present, at least
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10

England. while from 1SS0-lS9O IL was more
than seven times greater.
Such in outline had been the history and
results of free trade in the only country
which had adopted it.
He touched lightly upon the question of
reciprocity, and showed with perspicuity
the advantages which had flowed from il
and the growth of trade which followed the
adoption of reciprocity treaties
In What a COuntry's Wealth Consists
The wealth of a country is in production.
and the strength of a country is in its pro-
ducers 1t is worse than idle TO talk about
consumers as if they were a vast propor-
tion OF the population, who ought alone to
be considered. The mere consumers con-
stitute not only an insignificant but wholly
unimportant fraction Of the community
The reductions Of wages thus far made
are trifiing to what will come if this bill
becomes law, and men seek to adjust
themselves to the new conditions Such a
lowering OF wages is not TO be contemplated
without the deepest alarm. The country is
agitated and frightened as at no previous
time. There is darkness before and dam
gers voice behind" While we debate ra tes
OF duties the threat OF this bill is realiy
breaking down an important part Of a
broad general, policy, on which We must
rely, unless we are prepared TO meet the
shock of changes, which IL would be diff
cult to portray. / have no fear of the
ultimate result. i believe that the mighty
forces which have brought the great races
of men to their present position will not
cease to operate. / feel sure that in the
end shall not cast aside the policies
which are to protect US from the lowering
and deadly competition of races with lower
standards of living than our own.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
NOT ST. GAUDENs' DESIGN.
The New American Eagle Was Drawn
by Mr.. McMonies

An attempt has been made to cast ad-
ditional ridicule on Mr.. st. Gaudens the
designer of the worlds fair medal, which
shocked the modesty Of the Senate uuadro-
centennial committee. by the assertion that
the Navy Department mas rejected a de-
sign of his creation as a figurehead for ves-
sells of the navy. 1t was published broad
cast that Mr.. st. Gaudens had sought to
improve upon the style of eagle used on
the prows of the new warships, and that
he had submitted a design of his own for
which he asked the modest sum of 81 800.
The story was that his artistic soul was
shocked by the type OF American eagle
which perches, with outspread wings and
rullled feathers, ready to fight, on the prows
of the warships. and that he had submitted
a sketch of an eagle more in accordance
with his own ideas of the artistic proprie-
ties of the case. The facts of the case are
that Mr.. st. Gaudens never made the de-
sign in question and had nothing to do
with it, II having been made by Mr. Nc
Monies the artist who designed the cele-
brated fountain at the worlds fair and
that the latter was induced to make the
design by Mr.. Stanford White the eminent
architect of New York. and others, who
thought the subject worthy of true artistic
treatment. Mr.. McMOnies design is pro-
nounCed by artists beautiful and appro-
pirate. 1t would have been accepted by
the Navy Department but for the high
value placed upon It, The eagle is dra wn
with outspread wings and ruff1ed forefront,
and is perched upon the emblematic coat
of arms of the nation. 1t therefore ap-
pears that Mr.. St. Gaudens' skirts are en-
tirey clear in this matter, If not in the
other.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
PROTECTING THE SEALS.
The Presidents Proclamation Pro-
mitigating the Act of Congress.

The President today issued p-oclama-
ton promulgating the act of Congress en-
titled IAN act to give effect to the award
rendered by the tribunal of arbitra ton at
Paris, under the treaty between the United
States and Great Britain, concluded at
Washington February 29, 1892 for the pur-
pose of submitting to arbitration certain
questions concerning the preservation of
the fur seals" ard was approved April 6,
1894. The provisions of the act are given
in full, and the proclamation closes as
follows
Now. therefore, be it known that l.
Grover Cleveland, President of the United
States of America, have caused the said
act specially to be proclaimed to the end
that it's provisions may be known and
observed: and l hereby proclaim that every
person guilty of a violation of the p-o-
visions of said act will be arrested and
punished therein provided: and all
vessels so employed, their tackle, apparel
furniture and cargo, will be seized and for
feited.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto
set my hand and caused the seal Of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city Of Washington this 10th
day Of April, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and ninety-four
and Of the independence of the United
States the one hund-edth and eighteenth
GROVER CLEVELAND.
(Seal) BY the President:
WALTER Q. GRESHAM
Secretary of State.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
Senator Lodges Forcible Speech
Upon the Tariff Bill.
THEORY AGAINST PRACTICAL BUSINESS
Workings Of the Two Systems
Sharply Contrasted.
ENGLAND AND THIS COUNTRY

Senator Lodge of Massachusetts today ad-
dressed the Senate in opposition to the
pending tariff bill, and in the course of his
remarks said:
1t is always well to look at things as they
are, even If the thing be free trade, to
which some persons in beautiful language
have consecrated themselves 1t is best II
We would treat it intelligently to know that
by itself and Of itself the tariff is a business
question, and that protection and free trade
only take on different and far deeper
meaning when they are considered as parts
of question between far-reachng princi-
pies, which l believe involves the future of
our race and the existence and progress OF
the highest civilizat ton. 1t is in the latter
and far graver aspect, as 1 have already
said, that prefer first to treat them.
To the practical man of affairs the theo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
THE DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS.
An Outline of Its Probable Action on
the state Bank Bill.

The state bank question is being actively
canVassed in view of the House democratic
caucus at s o'clock tonight. The general
program of the caucus has been arranged
Representatives Culberson, Cox of Tennes-
see and Black OF Georgia will urge action.
while Representatives Springer, Bryan and
several others are expected to urge that
the question be deferred. The state bank
men express satisfaction in having been
assured the cooperation of Representa-
tive Cochran of New York. A resolution
will be presented a the outset of the eau
Gus which will test the sentiment for unit
ing the two elements on the bank question
The resolution will recite that ii is the
duty of democratic members of Congress to
execute the plank Of the democratic ma
tiOnal platform TOR the repeal of the state
bank tax. 1t will recite further that party
platforms and pledges are meant to BE OBJ
served and not to be evaded or ignored
On this spirited discussion is expected If
passed, the state bank people expect it
to be- the next question will be to devise
plan for getting a repeal bill before the
House. The purpose is to authorize the
committee on rules 10 report brief repeal
bill which can afterwards b amended on
presentation to the House
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10

Miss Pollard looked unusually well and
Cheerful this morning, as though she had
been encouraged by the picture of the case
that was drawn by Mr.. Carlisle 1t was
We'll for her peace of mind. though that she
left the court room before the lawyers for
the defense began, for Mr.. Thompson gave
her severe tongue lashing. 1t was also as
well that there were no ladies' present or
his remarks would probably have caused a
blush to mantle their cheeks. Every time
he spoke Of a spade he called it spade"
The line of his argument was frequently
such as would not have furnished suita-
bic topic of conversation for a lady's draw
ing room. and when he wanted to tell the
jury what sort Of a woman he considered
Miss Pollard to be he said right out in
court Just what he thought.
In a general way he took the ground
that the members of the jury would proba-
bly, have done about what Mr.. Breckin-
ridge did under the same circumstances.
and that his client was more sinned
against than shining He prefaced his
speech with the statement that he did not
intend TO 60 into such detail Mr.. Car
nsle had done. This was quite true. for
his speech was more in the line of an
oratorical attack upon the character CT
Miss Pollard and the motives that actuated
her in bringing this suit than formal at
tempt at a summing up CT the evidence in
the case. 1t was a fervid appeal 70 the jury
ss man TO man and he did not fail to let
them know that Mr.. Breckenridge was no
worse than many another.
When ,hc Pollard -Breckinridge case was
reslIYne1 before Judge Bradley promptly at
10 O'Clock this morning there was brief
conversation between the judge and the
counsel on both sides. presumably with
ref 5-sDce 10 the course the trial is to take
and the length Of time which the argu-
meats will consume. However one of the
Jurors was called into the consultation be-
fore il was over, and this made IL look as
though IL were about something altogether
different though what it was no one could
even guess.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10

Al its conclusion Mr. Carlisle took up his
srruuent 10 the jury, stating that he had
eIdeIvOred to trace the reiatloas or the
6sfa- liant and the plaintiff from the time of
their meeting down TO the final Incidents
TEe eprine, Of 1886. he said. Mr. Breckin-
ridge was here and Miss Pollard was in
I,exi1rton. She had testified In her case in
chief that whenever they were in the same
place they were together and when they
1-a-a aprrt they COrreSpOnded regularly
The Defendant had picked out the session
OF 1856 as a time when he held no COM
rnuniCati with the plaintiff in any way
whatever To meet this they had put upon
the stand Miss Louise Lowell, q type
writer who stated that she had copied let
tars and addressed envelopes for him to
Miss Pollard in the spring OF 1856 Mr.
Carlisle also pointed out a number or dis
creDancfes that are noticeable in the de-
fnn1aut's own story of what occurred in
this city, with reference 10 his visit to
Mary licKenzie's, and also to his stay at
Miss Hoyt's in Lexington, where he denies
that any relations existed between them.
Mr. BreckinriIge had asked them to be-
lsve that he did not know OF the plaintiff s
pregnancy prior to her fail from horse
In the summer Of 1851. He had denied that
he was responsible for her condition OF
pregnancy. but this was on his own un-
supported statement, and he had not at
tempted 10 give them any satisfactory ex-
planation-
Continuing Mr.. Carlisle emphasized the
fact that this case is. es laid down in the
first Instruction grsnted by the court, an
action fO- breach Of promise. Eviience
had been brought forward, however, to
show IN aEGravation Of damages. but the
case was. after all. simply based upon the
failure Of the defendant to fulfill his con-
tract OF marriage. They had shown con-
clCsively that in August, 1892, shortly
after the death Of his wife. he promised
marriage TO this plaintiff Later in the
summe- the proposition had been brOached
that she be allowed To go TO Berlin to
study. Ths defendant said upon the stand
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10

Blackburn. Prior to that occasion he had
sent TO Miss Pollard an invita- ton to 6.
reception given by the Norwood Literary
Society in honor of himself In other
words he had invited into the presence Of
young ladies and SCHOOLGIRLS a woman
whose reputation he had been attempting
on the witness stand TO blacken.
Plaintiffs story.
The PLAINTIFFS side of the story had been
more than borne out by what occurred in
Mrs. Blackburn's apartments at the Port
land, when the defendant spoke of the
plaintiff as a young woman who was very
dear TO him and was going to be even more.
ana that ne was going to marry her as
soon as suitable time should elapse after
the death of his wife. The defendant had
admitted. and Mrs. Blackburn and the
PLAINTIFF had proved, that he called upon
the plaintiff In May at Z East 31st street
In New York. and had afterwards had an
interview with Mrs. Blackburn After their
return to Washington there was another
interview. the final one at the Portland at
which Mrs blackburn is positive that the
subject of his conversation was an appeal
to her to argue with Miss Pollard on ac-
count OF her insane jealousy. The name of
the present Mrs. Breckenridge then came
up, and the defendant denied that there
had ever been any love passages between
himself and Mrs. Wing. He had even
gone so far as to say that his rumored en-
gaSement to Mrs. Wing would be of positive
advantage 10 the plalntln, Tor II would ac-
custom his family to the idea of his getting
married, and when they were once used to
1t IL would make very little difference whom
he married.
In answer to a demand from the plain
tiff for all the letters from her in the pos
session Of the defendant only two or three
had been produced. If he had thought Of
ever swing such an explanation to what
he said to Mrs. Blackburn, why did he not
preserve the letters from the plaintiff, in
which there must surely have been some
reference to the understanding that ex-
listed between them as to the meaning to be
attached to his promise made in the pres
ence Of Mrs. Blackburn.
The Work Basket.
Another powerful piece of evidence in
this case, Mr.. Carlisle said. was the little
workbasket, which used to belong to the
late Mrs Breckenridge. and which the de-
fendant had presented to the plaintiff. He
had denied all knowledge of It's being in
her possession when she was at Mrs
Thomas or at any other time. and had
even gone so far as to say that 1t must
have been abstracted from his rooms In
this city. His reason for denying that he
had given the basket to the plaintiff was a
simple one. The presentation of such an
article would have been strong evidence OF
his for dness for her and of his intention to
make her his lawful wife.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
HARD WORDS USED
Lawyers Do Not Mince Terms in the
Breckinridge Trial.
NR CARLlNLE'S CAUSTIC COMMENTS
Miss Pollard's Reputation Attacked
by Mr.. Thompson.
CONTINUING THE ARGUMENTS

Mr.. BreclIinridge's lawyers had almost
the entire day for the summing I'D Of the
testimony that has been given in behalf of
the defendant in the famous breach Of
promise case Mr.. Carlisle finished up his
address to the jury in about an hour this
morning. and then without any delay "CoI.
Fhil Thompson began an earnest and spir-
Tied harangue to the twelve men upon whom
rest the final verdict as to the merits of the
ease.
Miss Pollard was in court early and re-
manned throughout Mr.. Carlisle's speech
put when he finished she got up and left
the room in company with her faithful
friend, Mrs. Ellis
Ihere was not large audience in the
court room today. and when Mr. Carlisle
began his address at the point where 1t was
interrupted by the adjournment yesterday
AFTERNOON there were not more than A score
OF people IN the room outside Of those who
are regularly engaged upon the case Those
VINO were there. however. listened to a fine
case OF norid Kentucky oratory from "Col"
thompson, whose arraignment Of the plain
Nm was particularly severe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10

Among the patents granted today were
the following:
District of Columbia-Helen L. Alexander
veil clasp, Chas. H. English. finger pro-
tector; Edward Hudson, stereopticon; Ell
bridge J. Smith, fender for street cars
Naryland-Jacob s. DetriCk and l.. II
Batchell, Baltimore, feeding device for met al
planning machines; Francis NJ Mackin ard
c. r. Schmidt Baltimore, bath-waste and
supply coupling; VIM. V. McManus, Balti-
more, car fender; August Moon and =. S
Horn, Baltimore, warning safe; w. Woods
Frostburg, sliding gate; Theodore Zwer-
mann. enameling sheet-iron ware.
Virginia-Thomas K. Parrish, Richmond
manufacture of wooden vessels; W.J.Oster-
man. Richmond, park scraper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
DAWES OFFERS REJECTED,
The Creeks Unanimously Voted
Agnfnst the Com ssion.

Agu1nSt the OHm1Ss1On.
MUSKOGEE, 1. T, April 10.-The Creeks
have definitely answered to the proposition
of the Dawes commission.
Over two thousand Indians were at the
national meeting at Okemulgee today. They
whooped in enthusiasm as they voted to a
man against a change. In their resolution
they state that they are invited to give up
a system under which they have prospered
and to abandon their institutions, the out
growth of centuries, to exchange their land
tenure for the system that is reducing the
great masses of the people of the United
States to pauperism and discomfort, in ex-
change for a territorial government.
They declare that the representation of
lawlessness and monopoly published by the
Dawes commission in it's address are un-
true and conclude with the statement that
the commissioners propositions are im-
practicable. and suggest that the commits
sion had better be at home solving the po-
litical problems that confront their home
people rather than beat a happy and already
wealthy people, who ask no assistance of
them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS,
Several Post Offices Filled and Tv
Naval Promotions.

Ihe President today sent the following
nominations TO the Senate: Postmaster
Earl Bronson, Spencer Iowa; Enos L.
Stephenson, Garden City. Kan: Charles o.
Mouton. Lafayette, La. Nathaniel A.
SWEET, West Brook, Nc; James NJ. Daugh-
erty, Carterville. No: Thomas ]. Francis
CO. Cuyahoga Falls. Ohio; Pratt X MABEL
Columbus Grove, Ohio; Andrew c. Harltle-
road. Bristol, Tenn; Charles W. Brooks.
Georgetown, Texas: J. H McGehee San
Marcos, Texas; Fannie :. Williams LeNing-
ton, Va; John Passage, Deavan, Wis.
George p. Wehausen. Two Rivers. Wis
Navy-Lieutenant Junior Grade Roy G
Smith, to be lieutenant; Ensign George
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1894-04-10
DISTRICT IN CONGRESS.
More Clerks for the Library.

The Senate committee on library, through
Mr.. Wolcott, today reported favorably
upon the joint resolution appropriating
$4,000 for the employment OF additional
clerical service in the Congressional Lii
brary. Accompanying the report is a letter
from Librarian Spofford pointing out the
great increase in the labor of the librarian
and his assistants resulting from the pas
sage Of the international copyright bill in
July, 1881. 1t states that the number Of
copyrights had in 1888 increased 33 per cent
since 1880, while there has been but one
clerk added to the force. The whole num-
Der of assistants in the library is now
thirty-one. The library of the British
Museum, with no copyright business, and
no circulation of books, has over one hun
dred assistants. The Congressional Library
pays into the treasury the full amount of
It's copyright fees, amounting to about
$4,000 year, while the entire appropria-
ton for salaries is but S43 $40. Less than
one-half of the clerical force is employ ed
in the copyright department, and il is Oh
vious, therefore. says the librarian, that
this department is far more than self sus-
tanning