davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

by law under the appropriations re-
ceived to teach mechanics, mechanical
arts, and military science, along with
agriculture land horticulture. The
young ladies of the Institution are
given course of instruction in the
science of the home, household econ
omy-we call it-in whiclf they are
taught the art, science, and chemistry
CT cooking. Yes, / think there is art,
of cooking. Yes, 1 think in cooking
there is art, science, and chemistry
combined. Also how to care for the
sick; instruction in Horticulture, garden
ing, in fact, everything is given girl
to make a farmers or mechanics or
professional mans home happy and
pleasant, and to do it economically.
The mechanical student is taken
through wood work, turning. black
smithing, machine work, and in the
last year is required to make ma
chine. He might not be expected to
accomplish much one hour a day in
ten months. but as a matter of fact.
at the end of the year he understands
more about the philosophy of the work
in wood and iron, than does an ap-
prentice who has given five years to
the same work. The apprentice works
under boss who wants all he can get
out of the boy: y:-our student works I'M
der an instructor and is advanced step
by step as rapidly as his ability will
permit. COnsequcntl.- the boy who
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21
THE BARN,

course will be conducted, which will
reach them directly. This is course
of lectures, not for students, and con-
sists of scientific work in agriculture
and horticulture. Last year we had
course of eighty lectures and they were
very satisfactory to all who attended.
This is one way we reach them. An
other is by farmers institutes From
six to eight of these are held each year
throughout the state in different local
tiles in which the sciences of agricul-
ture and horticulture as applied to the
localities respectively ire discussed
and brought out. There seems to be
greater demand and better at
tendance-for the farmers institutes
each year. Experiment station Off
GERS take part in this work in their
respective departments. We also reach
the farmer by means of bulletins. Last
year we published seven. giving the re-
suits of experiments upon the college
farm, and also giving the best knowl-
edge obtainable as to the means of
destroying injurious insects throughout
the state. Also the best methods of
feeding stock and of preparing their
foods and at the least costs. The circu.
lation of these bulletins 9. present is
about 5000. Fvc-.. cfIfzen of the state
may 'ceoive these bulletins without ex.
pene Y making application to the
director. We send out new varieties
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

have been sold, and the interest aris-
ing from the fund created thereby,
which is about $4,000 per year, is
portion of our revenue. This fund is
loaned by the state and we get the in
terest from the state treasurer. The
past year we have received something
over $4,000. The government also pro-
vides $4,000 a year for maintaining
the experimental station, and also in
1885 gave $4,000 for the purpose of
maintaining state agricultural col
Iege and mechanical school. and in
1890 a law passed increased that
amount one thousand dollars each year
until it reaches $4,000. We get from
tuition about $1,000. SO You might say
we receive about $4,000 fer maintain
ing this institution. besides the state
has furnished us with land and build
ings.
THE PURPOSES OF THE SCHOOL.
'"This institution is a scientific school
in which the subject of English is
made prominent; our English course
,, is probably stronger. than the same
course In other states. We might bet
ter call our institution a polytechnic
institution, than an agricultural col
lege, for while agriculture and ,horti-
culture are carried as far as y. any
similar institution, they constituteOnly
q part of our work, We are required
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21
other things that we have not space to our

our soils have been thoroughly investi-
gated"
"Will you explain the practical ad-
vantage to be derived from these ex-
periments to the farmer?''
THE Investigation will show more
fully the ingredients which may be
deficient in the soil, or which are like
ly to be first. and taken together with
our work on fertilizers, will indicate
the proper fertilizer to use. Our inves-
tigation as to the best method of treat
ing white land, adobe and alkali, will
be of especial interest. The work for
the coming year will be mostly with
fertilizers, a bulletin upon which sub
ject hope to publish early l.eXt spring.
BY this work it is hoped that we will
be able to show the farmers what fer
tilizers on sale in Oregon are of the
best quality, and to indicate the value
CT the fertilizer. Some work has also
been done ON cattle foods of the state,
including the investigation Of grasses,
clovers and other forage plants. This
work is being carried on in connection
with the botanist."
FOOD ANALYSIS.
Another line of work which the de-
partment is required to do, is the anal
ysis of any food substances which may
be sent by the state food commissioner.
Much of this work is done, especially
in the determination of adulteratiOns in
butter, cheese, milk, vinegar and other
food substances"
"Can you give us an outline of the
college work of your department, pro-
feSSor?"
"The college work." said he, may be
divided into two parts: The work In
chemistry and the work ir physics.
In the former we begin in the second
year and it may extend through three
years 70" nc agricultural student and
one and half years for the mechan-
ical student In this work, two hours
every day are devoted to laboratory
work, the laboratory being equipped
with all the necessary reagents and
apparatus. On the alternate day the
class reports at the recitation room
for discussion of the results obtained
in the laboratory. Every student is
required to keep neat and accurate
notes of all work done, all of which is
under the personal supervision of an
instructor"
"What do you expect of student
who has completed your course or
study?''
Il expect the student who has COM
pleted the work in chemistry to under
stand the general priciples of chem
istry in their application to agricultur-
al and mechanical arts"
..The work on physics is conducted
on the same plan. and the physical
laboratory is supplied with apparatus
for work on sound, light, heat and
dynamics, as well as the elements of
electricity.
I'm the chemical laboratory, we can
accommodate thirty students at a
Continued ON fourth page.)
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

the corps of instructors, and their de-
partmentS, and the course as taught
throughout the institution, is we dare
say, second to none in the state.
1t had rained the night before, but
a gentle north wind had swept the
clouds out of Old Soils way, and it's
warm rays gave us inspiration as We
walked up the broad college walk to
spend day or more with the instruc-
tors. We were met on the campus by
the genial janitOr Bob" Erwin, and
escorted through the main building
while we were waiting for the presi-
dent. 1t being near the time for the
fall opening of the college, the build
ing had been put in excellent order
from basement to attic, and the ap-
pcarance OF the recitation rooms and
laboratories required no explana ton
to tell us what had been done. Over
six hundred cords of wood have been
stored away for winter use in the
main buildings and other buildings.
The average cost of this wood has been
$2SJ per cord.
AS we looked about us we thought; =;
query upon query suggested them
selves upon the appliances throughout
the various laboratories. But as we
expected to ask the various heads of
these departments questions to our
hearts content, we pass them for the
present. On the lawn we We're left to
await the coming of the president.
Good morning" said a voice from
the rear, as we awoke from o0r mus
ing of the time when yours truly was
a student in the college, and we turned
only to meet the welcome countenance
Of President John NJ. Bloss. After the
presidents cordial greeting we were
ushered into his private office. and
comfortably located in big arm chair.
Tell you about the college? Ger
tainly," said he, in his good natured
way, settling himself back in hi, chair
with an air of thoughtfullness.
"rhc funds which sustain the col
lege come from the United States gov
ernment, and from the state. The
government made a grant of 10000
acres of land for the purpose of sus-
tanning a college and about $4,000 acres
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

! possibilities have not been developed
! He must get out of the rut he is in /;
/ he must leaIn how to feed stock cheap
! ly and with the best results and turn
out finished animals. He must learn
! to apply himself and his farm to q
| systematic rotation of crops
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY.
We refer our readers to the cut of
the building devoted exclusively to this
department. 1t is 5Ox30, the upper
floor being used for the station labora-
tory, and the lower for the chemical
laboratory of the college. both of
which are fairly well equipped, not in
ferior to any on the coast
Prof. G. w. Shaw, who has charge
of this department., had visitors under
tow at the time Of our visit, whom
he left in charge of his assistant, Prof.
John Fulton, and invited us into his
private office adjoining the laboratory
Tell us. Professor Shaw, about your
branch Of the experiment station
work." was the way we opened the
subject.
"Well,' said he, "it will take some
time for the work in this department
to give definite results. One of our
completed lines of work is the investi-
CATION of the sugar beet problem i'll
Oregon. l have spent three years in
this work, and the result is beginning
to bear fruit in the organization of a
joint stock company in Oregon, with
capital stock of $1,OO0,0OO. This
company, already Incorporated is the
direct Outgrowth Of the work of this
department. 1t will. have it's principal
office in Portland, and the first factory
is to be erected somewhere in the Will
lamette valley, with second factory
in contemplation in Eastern Oregon
somewhere. My results were oh
tained from beets from $50 typical 10
calities throughout the state, showing
that beets for the manufacture of su-
gar can be produced as profitably in
Oregon as in any other state. Sugar
beets raised by experienced beet rails
ers In California yield about 10 per
cent sugar, while Oregon grown beets
by inexperienced growers, yield over
IA per cent. The average in Germany
is about II per cent.
''The cost of sugar beet raising in
Oregon is about the same as
in other localities. Any land in Or
egon which will raise good wheat will
raise good beets. 1t costs about $50
per acre to raise and care for beets.
They yield about 15 tons per acre, and
are usually contracted for by factories
at $3.50 per ton, delivered at the fac
tory, thus netting the farmer $3.50 per
acre. You can readily see that the es-
tablishment- of this industry in Oregon
will be of inestimable importance"
SOIL ANALYSIS
Considerable work has also been
done with the soils of Oregon. The
most typical soils of the state have
been analyzed and bulletins published
This work is being continued and will
constitute a portion Of the W ork of this
department for years to come until all
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

growth of the institution has indeed
been marvellous.
The national government has recog.
nized the importance of agriculture by
her liberal endowments, which now
exceed $4,000 annually as Oregon's
portion, and Oregon has recognized
the usefulness of the institution to
her citizens as second to none within
her boundaries.
The experiment station connected
with the college, is also maintained
by the government and is of inesti-
mable value to the state. 1t combines
theory with practical work and by
means of hearty co-opera ton on the
part of the Oregon agriculturists and
horticulturists it's limit of usefulness
is being greatly increased reXt year.
In the present article the Gazette has
endeavOred to give its readers a clear
conception of the lines of work which
are of especial interest to the farmer.
The name Agricultural College. to
many has no other meaning than a
place where young men are taught
how to plow, to reap and to SOW. This
is an error: instruction in agriculture
covers only the work of one depart
ment
The departments Of agriculture, hor-
ticulture, mechanical arts, chemistry,
botany and zoology, as well as house
hold economy. have been given spe-
cial prominence. We append list of
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

large number we have probably Sc
cured five or six varieties superior to
. any now grown. These we have dis
seminated throughout the state in one
pound packages for seed propagation.
A pound package of the Tildon va
riety was planted by Mrs. Mary Kisor
in Linn county and she raised $50
pounds of good sized potatoes from it;
another 103 pounds. and in fact we
have n number of nearly as good re-
ports. We have tested in a similar
way seventy varieties of wheat and out
of these we have secured two or three
varieties better than varieties now
grown. These will be sent out
throughout the state, and one variety.
which produces very abundantly. will
be great advantage to the state. In
a similar way we have tested twenty
to thirty different root crops. Root
crops. however. in Oregon are not
success. owing To the fact that they re-
quire manual labor and here such la
Dor costs too much.
Here we had reached the twenty
acre clover field from which sixty-siX
tons Of cloven had been taken-Over
three tons per acre.
I'VE will plow that this fall" said
he, land next season plant corn. ana
if mistake not we will get big crop.
This is to be for silage. We consider
Pride of the North the best variety
for silage purposes. Now, over there,
(pointing to an adjoining field I ex
pect to plant red clover next year. You
see we must find some forage plant to
take the place of the wild native grass
es OH yonder native foot hills. They
civilization, which is only the history
of the eastern states repeating itself
here. My experiments with the win
ter vetch and the fiat pea, (of which
the Gazette has spoken) are for the
purposes of finding some forage plant
that will grow we'll on these dry foot
hills, and adapt itself to our climate
In another plat we were shown the
Vetch and, pea mentioned and MANY
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

graduates from our mechanical course
is thoroughly equipped in either iron
or wood work to take charge of and
manage work coming under him in a
factory or similar industrial line. He
differs from an apprentice in this, that
while he is getting practical knowI-
edge in wood and iron, he is also study
ing mathematics and science, and con-
sequently has greater grasp and abil-
ity to obtain knowledge. The student
who enters this college whether agri-
cultural or mechanicas FAUST take a
course in wood work and iron. Hence
young man who goes out on farm
from here, is enabled to compile draw
ings, erect buildings, etc, and with an
expenditure of $40 for a forge, can
keep in repair the machinery and I'M
plements of farm. One of the great
est expenses farmers have is this item
alone. In the agricultural or hOrti-
cultural course the student is taught
not only the theory of these subjects,
but he sees the very applications made
that he has learned in his texts. 1t
prepares him to step out on the farm
ready from his own knowledge and
from the science of these subjects to
adapt himself to all conditions he may
encounter in our different localities;
enables him to grasp and adapt the
best current information published,
which is no small matter.
Our entire course is scientific and lit
erary and consists of the same work
that is carried on in other similar in
stitutions with this difference; every
step in scientific instruction is dem
onstrated by laboratory work where
the student is required to show that he
knows and how well he knows it.
When | attended college thirty years
ago the professor showed MS by ex-
pertinent in the laboratory bow GER
tain processes could he performed:
that method is passed in all better in
stitutiOns of today.
Professor, we see the inestimable
value to students directly of your col
lege work; how do you reach the far
mer and the state at large. ;tside from
your influence through the STUDENT
"In January. 1895. a farmers short
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21

other things that we have not space to
discuss at present.
professor. can you tell us briefly
the object of the college course of study
in your departments"
ITO prepare young men for practical
work on the farm. We take him
through Il theoretical course of lectures
on drainage. rotation of crops, live
stock, Soils manureS, green manuring,
etc, veterinary science. In the latter
we do not mean to go into it pro
fessionally, but only to an extent which
will enable man to detect ordinary
disease and prescribe remedy-in
short which will enable a farmer to
care for the health of his animals.
Then we give him a short course in
stock feeding, the chemistry of the
dairy. and the science Of dairying.
which we expect to be able to supple
ment rext year by practical dairying.
''Yes. the most of our farm work is
done by student industrial labor. which
we find very satisfactory. and giving
even more favorable results than hired
labor. Still. Industrial labor on the
farm is not favorably received by the
student We have to compel him to
work. but after his work is finished he
is usually glad for the knOw:e ledge he
has gained thereby. A number of stu
dents do extra work for us for which
they are paid. and the deserving stu
dent. who is interested in my depart
ment has plenty to do. My students
are required to assist in keeping notes
of experiments. and are thus interested
in the results. Last year we had thir-
ty-three agricultural students.
well. yes. some of our farmers are
sadly in need of better methods of
farming, as l see them from new stu
dents. A student who comes here
knows how to ride horse, hold plow,
and the like, but Of farming practic-
ally or scientifically, he knows moth
ing. One of the greatest difficulties
| of the Oregon farmer, is he does not
know the possibilities of his farm; it's
The Corvallis gazette. [volume] (Corvallis, Or.) 1862-1899, 1894-09-21
CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY !


The Scenic Tourist Route To
MONTREAL.
TORONTO,
OTTAWA,
QUEBEC.
HALIFAX,
PORTLAND. ME-.
BOSTON.
NEW YORK,
CHICAGO.
81. PAUL,
OMAHA.
KANSAS CITY.
And all Points East and Southeast.
Finest Dining and Sleeping Car Route
Il the world.
. Yowest Rates to all points Of the
UNI ed States and Canada.
Namship Tickets to and from all
rarts of the world.
Passengers are given the choice Of
the following routes to a connection
with the Canadian Pacific line:
ALI rail through via Tacoma, Seat
tie and Whatcom.
2-Rail to Tacoma, steamer to Seat
tie and all rail thenc@.
3-Rail to Tacoma, steamer to Van
souver (via Victorial, thence all rail,
Only Line Operating Elegant, Up
plstered Tourist Car for second class
passengers.
Canadian Pacific Railway Company's
Royal Mail Steamship Line to Japan
and China, the Short Route to the
Orient, sail about monthly from Van
couver. B. c.. for Asiatic points.
Also Royal Mail Steamship Line TO
Honolulu and Australia, sailing month
ly.
For further particulars call upon or
address:
j. L. MITCHELL,
Ticket and Passenger Agent, Salem, Or
OFFICE IN HOLMAN BLOCK.
GEO. NC L. BROWN,
District Pass. Agt. vsncouver
Daily Kennebec journal., 1894-12-14
Christmas Cattle.

There passed through the city yesterday,
in one of the Maine Central cars, fine
lot of cattle from the celebrated stock
farm of Hall C. Burleigh and son of Vas
salboro. These choice beeves were pur-
chased by one of Knox county's live
butchers, p. M. Studley, Esq, of Thomas
ton, and will be cut up for his fortunate
customers.
Among the lot was one,a two years DID,
thoroughbred Sussex steer, as fat as but
ter. and as fine as silk. He tipped the
beam 400 pounds. Among the Others
worthy of note, were pair of Hereford
four year -olds. These steers, as well as the
one above spoken of, demonstrated what
Intelligent breeding and feeding will do.
Although their bones were not larger
than those of an ordinary sized COW,
vet they weighed over 3400 pounds. Their
broad backs and loins, those parts that
are so valuable, seemed twice as large as
those of the ordinary bred animals.
Although Mr.. Burleigh's time is en-
tircly occupied with the great work per
tanning to his office, yet, one has but to
| broach the subject of stock breeding, and
improved agriculture, to be reminded
that his great life work is not, and Will
not, ever be forgotten
A full biography of Hall c. Burleigh' 5
early life, and struggle to earn money
enough to obtain few choice bloodcd ami
mails. and to secure feed for them, and
messing on until he became one of the
largest importers, breeders and most sue
cessful livestock Snowman in America,
would be not only interesting reading to
all but would be of great advantage to
the young men of Maine. 1t shows what
young man with purpose in view may
do, although he goes out into the world
with only willing hands, and strong
heart. And we hope at no distant day to
be able to present to our readers, at least,
a martial history of his great life work.
To him the people of Maine, are largely
indebted for the enviable reputation that
our State enjoys, all over our country,
for the excellency of our herds.
| n The directors of the kennebec Logging
Association hell a meeting, yesterday, in
the rooms of the Augusta Safe Deposit:
Co.. and transacted some routine busi
nes, One of the directors informed Q
Journal representative that there are not
nearly as many men in the woods thi:
wear as last and that the cut at the upper
Kennebec waters will probably be 10000,
600 against 100, 600, 900 and over last
wear. 1.-the lumber market has been very
fat, generally speaking.
Daily Kennebec journal., 1894-12-14
STATE HOUSE.
Briefs Noted on the Tour From De.
partment to Department.
Various Items Of Interest Cleaned Inside tht
State Headquarters.

The corporation book, yesterday, showed
the following new corporations:
Page Mfg Co., organized Mt Portland,
for tho purpose of manufacturing ana
dealing in patent novelties, has filed GER
tictiatc Capital stock, $50, of which
$4,000 is paid in President W. H.,
Pearson of Boston, Mass. treasurer, +.
p, Norton of Boston, Mass.
The Narcotic Chemical CO.. organized
at Portland, for the purpose of manttacr
turing and dealing in chemicals, etc,
has filed certificate Capital stock, 500,
00O of which all is paid in. President,
B. +. Nichols of Springfield, Mass,
treasurer g. ID. Lytlc of Springfield,
Mass
Journal of Medicine and Science Co,
organized at Portland, for the purpose OF
publishing journal of the Maine Aca-
DENY of Medicine, do printing, etc, has
filed certificate. Capital stock, $4,000, OF
which $50 is paid in. President, II. n.
Holt of Portland, Me. treasurer, u. H.
Haynes of Portland, Me.
New England Photograph CO., organ
lied at Saco, for the purpose of making
and dealing in photographs, has hieo
certificate Capital stock, $4,000, of when
$50 is paid in. President, c. z. Liver
more of Melrose, Mass. treasurer, Roya
Luther of Maiden, Mass.
During 1894, 1888 corporations have
been organized under the general law ano
some under special law.
In the land department you Will sex
many maps which are tracings OF origi
nal surveys of Maine, the latter now De
ing in the Massachusetts, archives. Thes'
consist of many volumes and the informa
ton afforded by them is EXCEPTIONAL!
valuable in cases where the originsal sur
veys or tracings are needed to settle dim
Guilty regarding lands.
The copying of these carly plans is being
aone as rapidly as the funds will ALLOW
and the land agent is anxious that tn
work may be continued until every origina
map, survey and plan is copied and mat
Ter placed in the land office for the benen
OF all who wish or need to know OF TN
ancient surveys. He also hopes to pro
Vided each county with a copy OF the earl.