The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-02-18

htOcklnRe were UNKNOWN TO uTefk dnttQuiNys
but sometimes. in extreme cold. II was the
custom to wrap fur or felt around tho legs As
rule. too. men went barehesded. though in
bad weather they might wear some head
covering. Generally speaking they distn-
guished. as we do. between hats and cars. The
hat, whose distinguishing mark was the
brim. originated in Thessaly but spread TO
other places. and At Athens was regarded ne tho
Characteristic riding headRear. Women. who
we're seen out Of doors much less frequently
than men, had lees need for head coverings.
and commonly contented themselves with
drawing the himntion over their heads when
they went out When In the country or trav-
cling. however. women often wore hats sit1l-
lar to those OF the men. though with narrow
brim. The terra Gotta figures from Tanagrs
give numerous examples OF a light straw
hat with q pointed crown and broad brim.
fastened by ribbon, and balanced on
the head. For further protection against the
sun women often used sunshades. which were
made to fold up like ours As rule. however
ladies' did not carry them themselves. but were
accom- panied BIZ a slave. who performed this
ONCE for them. A word should DO said also
about the methods OF wearing the hair. The
monuments as we'll as the writer's show that
m en- wore their hair long. down to the nth
century. Sometimes the hair Is depicted Of
most Incredible that It could have been SO
much developed in the case OF man. even by
the most careful treatment 1t did not often
hang quite loose. however. but WAS tied back
somewhere near the neck nv ribbon. Some
times. after being tightly tied together In one
place the hair was interviewer with cords or
ribbons lower down. so that 1t fell In a broader
mass than whore 1t was tied together. bu.by no
means hung loose. Another N ODE OF dressing
the hair Of mon was to tie II In such a manner
as to resemble broad and thick band. some
what like our hehddress OF the last century.
Most commonly in the sixth and nth century
men plated their long hair. and laid the paits
around thr head. The hair on the forehead
was also dressed with care. regular little
curls arranged in one or more rows above the
brow Icing very common. At q later epoch
the long flowing hair OF the men disappeared.
although only youths and athletes wore their
hair quite short. II was not till the latter half
OF the Nth century that tho beard was allowed
to grow naturally and simply. After the time OF
Alexander the Great II became the custom to
shave the whole face. At the period when the
men began to emaucipats themselves from
elaborate headdresses. a simple and beautiful
fashion also became common among women.
Their hair was usually parted in the middle.
and either fell in slight ripples loosely down
X,
the Greek knot at the back OF the head. Some
times the knot fell far down the neck; at other
times, where the hair was com bed upward from
the face. the knot was placed higher up; or.
again. the knot would be developed into Q
hattened nest or wreath. A frequent orna-
ment was q narrow band or flllet entwined
with the hair. or laid around the hair and
forehead Kerehiefs were also much worn.
ometimes put on In such way to cover
almost the whole hair. sometimes so that the
hair on the back OF the head should be visible
There wore too. variety OF metal ornaments.
such as pins. golden circlets. or diadems.
which were fastened into the hair. either to
keep It firm or else for decorative purposea
Let rs glance very briefly at the education
OF an Athenian boy. 1t was left entirely In tho
hands Of individuals. The State provided no
public schools. but only appointed certain
boards whose duty 1t was 10 see that there
were no offences against traditions or morality
com mitted In the private Institutes AS q rule
Athenian boys. when they had com pleted their
sixth year. were intrusted to the charge OF an
old slave called pedagogue. whose duty II was.
not to train or instruct them. but sim ply to &C.
company them to and from school. or on their
walks. to watch over their behavior. and to
q boy had reached the age OF six
teen the control OF the pedagogue either
censed or assumed different char
aeter. Instruction at Athens was distributed
under two headings. namely. gymnastics and
music, the latter term comprehending the
subjects over which tho muses. presided.
These included instruction in grammar as
we'll as the teaching OF music. The boy was
first taught his letters. their nam and shapes
and then shown how to combine them into
syllables. and next into whole words At the
same time instruction In writing began. The
master made gle letters and words for tho
pupils to COPY In the space left free under his
lines. The place OF our slate was taken
BY wax tablet on which letters
were scratched with a pointed stylus made
Of bone. ivory. or metal. 1t was only
more advanced pupils who were allowed
to use such expensive materials as pApyrus
and reeds for writing. and even then. on Rc-
count OF the expense. they were not provided
with new paper. but wrote on tho back OF what
had already been used. For reading lessons
the poets were chiefly used. Homer was en-
ployed as the school book Of the Greeks from
the earliest period to the fall OF the byzantine
empire Many teachers prepared authologies
OF Various writer's for reading purposes; those
were chosen who were. by their contents. best
adapted for the minds OF youth. such as
Hesiod. TheoRnis. &c. The boys thus. by their
reading and learning. acquired q knowledge
Of mythology. while, at the Same time. the
most important ethical principles were I'M
pressed on them. We are cautioned by Prof.
Blnmner not to rate too low the results OF this
A people who know bow to az
preeiate the tragedies OF Rschylus. who could
tho comedies OF Aristophanes.
must have possessed Q degree Of culture
which. In many respects. was far above the
average OF the present day. It was OF course.
castor for pupils to acquires large amount OF
and literary knowledge when
natural science. geography. history. and for
eign languages were all disregarded. We
should add that in reading. the elements OF
prosody were learned. but these were more fully
treated when music was specifically studied
It Is NO longer possible to say how arithmetic
was taught but II is pronounced probable
that at Athens instruction in 1t was given at
homo rather than at school by means OF con-
crete objects. which enabled children to learn
the principal notions and relations As re-
CARDS method counting on the fingers was
very common In Greece. More complicated
were performed by help OF an