The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-04-22

a, UV" W "Vt"v-msus ptspete-
uons auu, muen 70 the sum OF labor 30 far
~ .iey 'sSs 'ne piAce OF oread and meats u u
OBVIOUS tnat otner LABOR must be displaced
w. gvsI. so ,n uehnlte RELATION 10 the labor
Suueu ~ 'neH preparation.
OUTSIDE tne great cities. to which such
.hlnss sIsvne'e: All forms OF game are be-
coming scarce me ouuao mas wholly disap-
peereu' eAoep. - KEPT IN psrKa me deer.
tne an'e'ope' tno Nno turkey ana the prairie
enioAeh naNo aosnuoneu OF peen destroyed In
tne sIeN cenuA farming States, while the
uus , /" oecom,nR .erlJ and over all this
reRion only tue uucK' the RABBIT and an oc-
caslonsi ouaii snu snlpe usually reward the
spotVsman'
foutry ought 70 De more used than formerly
as tne men now mas the assistance OF the In
euoetor, that enables her to devote her entire
time 70 the egg business
me problem involved In TIE Bun article IN
aueeuon' however. was not one OF diet. but
rather Ms to the disbursement OF greater or
less relative proportion oil labor by improved
processes that greatly Increased the unit power
OF production without commensurate In
crease OF the units power to consume
rory years ago corn was planted with q hoe.
ana one acre was fair days work. Now the
check-row planter enables one man to plant
hiteen TO eighteen acres daily. and wherever
the soil is adapted TO the Lister" that i'm
plement enables the farmer to still further re-
duee the labor OF preparing the ground and
planting another two-thirds The labor dis
placed by improved implements in oultivating
the growing corn is not less than 75 per cent.
BY the use OF these appliances the writer has
planted and cultivated 1850 acres By the
labor OF seven men. or $50 acres each. Less
than forty years since he employed one man
for each thirty acres OF corn grown; the labor
displaced equally fully 80 per cent, In 1880
an inexpensive sled. armed with two knives.
was placed In Western corn fields and enabled
two men to cut and shock as much corn as
six men had formerly been able to.
In plouRhinR for wheat one hand with gang
plouRh |, dragging harrow In the rear. pre- pares
three and half times as much land ss twenty.
i've years since. and the I'm proved drill covers
three times the area In sowing Of fifteen years
since When the writer FIRST grew wheat 1t
was cut with . cradle and bound By hand q
days labor being equivalent to the cutting
raking. binding and shocking an acre, after
which the wheat had to be stacked. A man
using the largest self binder cuts and binds
sixteen acres another man followin to shock
the grain. and IL involves ten per cent more
labor to stack IT, With the header seven men
cut and stack thirty acres in day.
In hay-makinp machinery has reduced the
labor quite az much as In harvesting grain.
ofncial data show that the force required to
cultivate A given area constantly diminishea.
In 1870, after the adoption on the farm OF most
of tho oreater Inbor-sayipr devtce. tbe acr.a
OF grain grown were in the ratio Of II 2 for
each AGRICULTURAL labor unit. In 1890 thu ratio
was "A to 15.5. or An inorense Of ~ Nor cant
since 1880 there has been n material increasa
although the census figure, are not vet avail
able to determine the exact ratio. vet such
data as are available Indicate tn At the produc.
tive power Of sach farm laborer has Increased
moro than 40 per cent. in twenty yeara
This displaced labor NAV not have h..n
driven TO the crowded railway nina and fsc-
tory. but IL IA certainly no lonoer smpIov.d
upon the land. That these conditions are NOT
confned 70 tina ITn,tad statea Z. mada n,ain nv
tho Countess OF Malm esbury in the North
American Rerieu for March. where in deal.
ing with English viIlap. Iife aha says. 81,
is true that m machinery has red uced the amount
OF labor REQUIRED to an immense extent
have seen two fields Of corn wheat, about the
same size: one with a Mccormick reaper
drawn by a horse and managed nv A man and
boy was cut and stack cd long before the other.
where counted fifteen persons at work"
Here we soc the one-herse machine reduc-
ing the labor IS per cent. although it has but
Q third the capacity Of the four horse reapers
used upon western farms.
There are few better inform cd as 10 aericuI-
tural conditions than Mr.. z v. Smallsy. who
In the Forum for April. says:
Here Is the reaper doing as much work a.
six men could do In the days of grading and
rake binding and doing II with one man. The
other five men who formerly lived on the farm
and helped to consume Its products are gone
to the towns The machine IL producing what
shos 'ofuoiiS phoouooo'
mr. omai'e' aoeo not say that the displaced