davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1894-08-20
Attention. Firemen,

All members of the fire department
are requested to attend special meet
ing of the department Wednesday, Aug.
22d, at 8 p. M. Delegates and mem bers
who desire to attend the annual Fire
mems Convention at Oregon City on
Sept. Sd and 4th are especially requested
to attend. By order of
JOHN BLAsER, Chief Engineer.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1894-08-20
PERSONAL MENTION.

Ray Logan is visiting friends at Arl-
.ington.
Will Crossen started for the sea shore
yesterday morning.
Miss Elizabeth FitzGerald went out
to Kingsley Saturday to visit friends.
Rev. Frank Parrish and wife of Lex
ington are in the city to attend confer
ence.
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Johnston were in
town Saturday, returning to Dufur yes
terday morning.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1894-08-20

Ayers Ague Cure is an antidote for
malaria and all malarial diseases,
whether generated by swamp or sewer.
Neither quinine, arsenic nor any other
injurious drug enters into the compost
ton of this remedy. Warranted to cure
fever and ague.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1894-08-20

When Baby was sick. we gave her castOria.
When she was Child, she cried for Castoria.
When she became Miss, she chung to Cassoria.
whn she had children. she gave them oassoria.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1894-08-20

TIE CHRoN1cLs is prepared to do all
kinds of job printing.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1894-08-20
WOOD!

We have again on hand
an abundance of strictly
dry FIR WOOD, which
we will sell at the lowest
rates.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
PENINSULA EDITORS.

They Are Having AN Enjoyable Time at
Asbury Park--National Association Also
in Session There.
Special Correspondence of Gazette and Journal
AsBURY PARK, n. j., July 3.-The
late Saturday evening aud are quartered at
the Atalanta Hotel. The party numbers
about 40 persons, including the wives,
daughters and sweethearts of 'ye gentle
men Of the quill" The National Associa
ton is also in session here, and the MEM
bers chartered at the Brunswick. They
held their regular session i'll the Asbury
Park auditorium yesterday, when routine
business was transacted. At the evening
meeting Bill Nyc was among the speakers.
At 40 O'clock last evening the Peninsula
Press Association held their annual meet
ing and transacted the regular business.
There WAS Il rather slim attendance this
year, not more than one-third of the
members being in attendance.
For the time being the editors practi-
cally own the town. and they are the lions
OF the day. They are special guests where
ever they 60, the wearing of badge being
the only necessary passport. The ladies Of
the association also come in for a goodly
share of the honors. Yesterday afternoon
they were given q reception at the Column
bus by the ladies of AsDury Park.
The members are all well pleased with
the hearty reception that has been ten
dered them, and with the iirst-class accom-
modations. Members are still arriving
with each incoming train. The majority
Of the visitors will remain for week and
see the sights of Father Bradley's" FAM
Gus summer resorts.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
IeaIns.

BLAcKSTONE-At Georgetown, June Goth,
Thomas Robert Keliuiu blackstone, ageds
months.
Bl,AMBLE-At New Market, Md, June a4th
James \. Bralnble, aged 90 years.
BRoWN--on June 2ath, Charles, son of Samuel
and Prudence Brown, aged Il years.
CoATES--At Rising sun, juno eth, William
IL aon OF MIR. and Mrs. John Coates, aged
year.
DyER-At Mckee City, y. j., June Goth, JohI
III. Dyer, formerly of Smyrna, in his 6ls
year.
FiNLEY-ln this city, on June 9th, William
i. Finley, aged 20 years.
uopKlNS-At Cambridge, Nd, Juno sith
Mrs. u. q. nopkins'
JOHNSON Near snow Hill, Md, June 1Sd
Charles u. johnson, aged 90 years.
MII.lER--At Dover, June Goth, Angustu
bishop Miller, aged ~ months
NUHRAY-it Contreville, Md, June 25th
Nettie V. Murray, in her second year.
Ntf,KElksOS--ht Chestsrville, Md, June 18th
J. II. Mex stacn, aged 40 year..
PhYNR--At Newark, Md, June 9Th, Ann
Payue. ugcd g years
PoWELI.-At Newark, Md, June s5th, hineru
Powell.
pRlNgusg.-At Pocomoke City, Md, Jun'
lstn, Aii!iS Primrose.
npBERrS-AI EGsson, Nd, Juno 9th, Ami
). Roecr.s, aged y years.
.PES WEEG ys--ln tbL' city, on June goth
hnsa r. Tsa Weeses, aged 70 years.
WI sOE--kt Ciestsrtowr, Md, June 18th,
Dtta Wiiseu, aged months.
WsItSEE--SnHr HAihbietnn, Nd, June 23d,
,.s,tNurlEp. vie at .eIu warner.
WSENICK-in this city, Juno 29th, EDWARD C.
Wafrltk. aged 90 years.
YEWFIL-ln Miles River Neck, Md, june
aAth, Mrs, Walter Yowell, aged 80 years.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05

Riddles Chapel Sunday school was
headed by Riddles Chapel Band. The
float was decorated in white, pink and
blue. Most of the scholars wore beau
tiiul costumes which were prepared
especially for the occasion.
SilYerbrook's flat was decorated in
red and white.
Large Bibles were carried by boys
connected with Wesley and kingswood
Sunday,schools.
twenty-five boys connected with
Harrison Street Sunday.school carried
an immense flag.
Coukman's iloats were decorated in
the national colors.
Swedish Baptist Sunday.school was
accompanied by the Swedish band.
The parade was dismissed soon after
1890 o'clock. Immediately after the
park was reached the schools selected
the positions they were to occupy dur.
ing the remainder of the day and set to
work to have Il good time.
Speechmaking began soon after din
ner. Addresses were delivered by p, B.
Ayars aud the Revs J. r. Milligan, G.
+. Hendricks and s. b. Meeser, Joseph
Pyle presided and made few remarks
lie said
We are told in Gods precious word that
there is Joy III heaven over one sinner that
repentetn. From this we infer that
heaven is not far from us, that angels
rejoice over things that happen among
the SONS OF earth. Then am sure that the
celestial beings are now watching and re-
joicng over this scene, Here are gathered
thousands of those who love God and are
laboring amid summers heat and winters
cold in the different churches each Sunday
to bring the rising generation to moral
and Christian life One year ago the sun
duy.school workers of the Sunday-school
Union, amid doubts and fears, resolved
upon the experiment of having a grand
Jubilee. And, oh how anxious we WERE
fearfu! OF failure, but with God and good
men and true women the experiment was
a grand success, and great good was done,
so much SO that We resolved 10 have
another jubilee and you see the result.
hope each year as it rolls around will add
more enthusiasm to the cause, until this
city shall be under the control of Christian
influence and the saloon. the dives and
gambling dens will be closed not by force
Of law but by Christian influence.
The speeches were brief but interest
ing. They were interspersed with instru-
mental music.
A feature of the sports was the baby
parade.
An immense gathering was in attend
ance.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05

PITTsDURG, KAN, June 2S.-The
miners conference which was held in
this city last night for the purpose of
discussing the feasibility of forming an
interstate organization, and the ques-
ton of n uniform rate over the district,
was attended by, over 200 miners from
Missouri, Indian Territory and Ar
kansas.
Resolutions were introduced and
passed recommending an interstate
organization with uniform rate, and
that Senator PETER be requested to petit
ton Congress to make an appropriation
of $250,000 for the benefit of starving
and distressed miners in the Indian
Territory.
1t was decided by the meeting to at
once proceed, through the executive
board, to organize the several coal-pro-
ducing states west of the Mississippi
river, for the protection and establish
ment of uniform rate throughout these
states. A great deal of enthusiasm was
shown in this direction and it is more
than likely that the work will be COM
menced at once.
The representatives from the other
States were present with full power to
act for their respective districts.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
THE cIrY SHORT ON BEEFsUrPLK.
Wilmington Consumers Must Pay More
or Else curtaii Their Appetite for Beef
stehk.

Wilmington Consumers Must Pay More
or Else Curtaii Their Appetite for Beef
steak.
The price Of beef has already gone
up from to II cents por pound in price
here. II is all in consequence of the
Pullman strike with the effect 1t mas on
the railroads, and consequently the
difficulty, almost impossibility, OF get
ting the regular supplies from Chicago.
There is no dressed beef in the city at
all to-day. One car arrived yesterday
but its contents were quickly gobbled
NY by the buyers.
For its meat supply Wilmington de-
ponds on the slaughterings at the
Abattoir and on the importations of
Western dressed beef. As the latter
supply is cut off the Abattoir has now
TO supply the whole city.
OF course the managers at Second and
Tatnall had to certain extent foreseen
these possibilities and had done what
they could to meet the difficulty. But
now 1t seems that this morning the
pressure is great and in consequence of
the double demand prices must go up.
The greater share by far of the beef
ION foot supply comes to the Abattoir
lIOlH DdAslluOlC' Dub tudb III Turn SOlllco
from the West So the supply is still
cut off. Besides, New York and Phila-
delphia meat men have bounced on Bal
timore and stripped it clean Of all that
is there.
A small quantity of livestock has
been garnered from Chester county by
the Wilmington Abattoir 90. hitherto,
but il is so restricted and also is much
nearer Philadelphia that very little, if
any, help can be looked for in that
direction.
As it looks now the people of this city
will have to restrict their appetites or
else pay higher for the luxury of being
meat eaters.
The prospect is, too, of an increase in
charge to the householder that will be
heard of not later than Friday next
Everything, however, depends on the
news from Chicago.
At the Pennsylvania and Baltimore &
Ohio freight stations here orders have
been issued that no live nor perishabe
freight will be accepted, AMI that dead
freight is taken only at shippers risks.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05

A Plucky Young Woman and a Pisto
Too Much for n Pair of Footpads.

A Piucky Young Woman and Pistol
Too Much fora Pair of Footpads.
WEST CHESTER, Pa, July 2.-The
pluck and the steady aim of Miss Lizzie
Painter, Hopewell music teacher, saved
her from the hands of two tramp ruf11ans.
Late Saturday night she was driving
from one of her scholars homes to
Hopewell. In n lonely part of the road
a man, evidently a tramp, jumped out
from the underground at the roadside
and told her to "crawl down out of that
wagon" For an answer Miss Painter
raised her revolver and shot, and with n
cry of pain the man dropped his hold
on the horse with bullet in his wrist,
Just at this moment another man ran
out to catch the horse, and the young
lady fired at him, but missed. The
horse was frightened at the report and
rushed down the road before the second
meu could stop 1t.
Since then diligent search has been
made for the tramps, but they have not
been caught.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
Marrrages.

NORTHUMBERLAND the residence
Of the brides parents, juno 2Tth, by the Rev.
LOWS j. Blckel, Harry Aschenbach and Anna
v. Wilhelm.
NORTHUMBERLAND Old Swedes Church, june
p7th by the Rev Martin II Dunlap, Jacob
sanford Beck and Carrie Melinda Wilmer
BARNARD-CovINGToN still Pond, Nd,
June goth, by the EeN :: y. h IN, , Ut, ". ~
Middletown.
BURRAGE-MURRAY-A Berlin, Md. june
2gh, by the Rev. David Howard, George
Durbage and Anne Murray.
BlIRRIS-RUSH-At Chcsterville, Nd, June
Goth, by the Rev. $. h. Murray, Charles F.
Burrls and Caddie A. Rush.
ER-DERRICKS0N-At Georgetown,
.Inne 2sth, by the Rey. Mr.. Ewell, Robert
Coulter aud Clara Derrlckson.
DoUGHTY-D oUGnTT-At Pooomoke City,
Md, June o5th, by the Rev. e. C. Macnichol,
D. D., Henry W. Doughty and Josie Doughty
both OF Virginia.
EVANs-DoWNING-At homo Of the bride,
NintE and Van Buren, street, June 18th, by
the Rev. N. N. Browne, William Henry
Evans and Emma Virginia Downing.
GRAvES-GREE Dover, June Goth, by
tho Roy. s. NJ, Morgan, w. E. Graves OF
Townsend and Fannie Green Of Middletown.
lIyINGsT ENNIS-At SNOW Hill, Md,
June 2Sth, by tho Rel. MIR. Holmes, Handy
Livingston and Mary Ennis.
MALLALlEU-COU RSEY-At Centreville. Nd,
June 2G'h, by the Rev. Ralph 7; Coursey,
tho brides brother, assisted by tho Rev, J.
II. Fasiey, Thomas A. Mallalieu and Emma
Laura Coursey.
MATpHI ESsEN-PECK-At Dover, Juno Goth,
hy Bishop Coleman, Frank Mntthiesson and
Marion Louise Peck, the fomor of Chicago.
MCKINNEY M ETEER-At chestertown, Nd.
June 2Tth, by the Rev. s. q. Roberts. assisted
by the Rev. James A, Mitchell, William Me-
Kenuey, Jr. and Margaret Horsey Meteor,
tho former Of Centreville.
MILES CuLEMAN--At Rock Hall, Md. june
97th, Jesse Miles and Grace Coleman, the
former Of Chester, Pa,
sTRADLEY-EvANS-In Philadelphia, June
g6th by the Rev. j. l.. Estlin, Harry j. Strad-
10y and May r. Evans, both OF this city.
TRliITT-B Box Iron, Md, June
2lst, by the Rev., Mr.: Fao'er, everett D..
lruitt and Matte Il. brimer.
WAltD-ALLEN-At Newark, Nd, June 2fth.
by the RN. W. L. p. Bowen, William Ward
and Laura Allen.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
TKooPs OaLLEp UpON.
Government Forces Ala the Railroad
Companies In California.

Companies In California.
Associated Press Dispatch by Special Wires
SAN Francisco, Cali, July 3,-United
States troops have at last been called into
use In connection with the great railroad
strike in this State. General Rugar and six
companies of soldiers, fully armed and
ready for 80 days service. are now on the
way to Los Angeles. The military assist
ance to the railroad companies has been
given at the request of the United States
marshal of the Southern district of Cali
fornia. Feeling that he was unable to give
protection to the United States mails, the
marshal called upon the military authori-
ties.
General Superintendent Fillmore and a
score of United States marshals are at
Sacramento. United States troops will be
in Los Angeles to-day. Together they
will try to break the blockade on the
Southern Pacific system. The departure
of the troops to Los Angeles means that
the great coast terminal of the Santa Fe is
also to be opened.
A Loss of 100000 A DAY.
w. G. Curtis, assistant to Manager Towe
of the Southern Pacific. estimates that the
company's loss owing to the tieup is
S2O00O0 a day, and that in the five days
that nvc roads have beer blocked the loss
aggregates over million dollars. The
fruit business will be seriously menaced if
way out of the difficulty IS not found.
There are 200 cars OF fruit between here
and Ogden, the cars being Waited at 800
each, so that $50, 900 is involved in this one
item. Fruit IL rapidly ripening and within
the next 10 days 90 additional carloads
will be ready for shipment.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
HOWELL rnoMls TRIAL.
The Man Accused of Forgery and False
Pretense in the Townley Estate Affair,

The Man Accused OF Forgery aud False
Pretense in the Towniey Estate Affair.
LONDON, June 29.-'rhe trial of
Howell Thomas, formerly the solicitor
of Colonel Jacques, (who represented
Lawrence, the American claimant of
the Townley estates), charged with
obtaining money under false pretences
and with forging documents in connec-
ton with the case, was continued at the
Old Bailey to-day.
Colonel Jacques was cross-examined,
the defence apparently trying to show
that the moneys which Thomas is
alleged to have received were really
used by Jacques for his own purposes.
Counsel for Colonel jacques objected
to this line of cross-examination as
irrelevant. The judge, however, said
that it should be interesting, as it would
show "thc manner in which our Ameri-
can cousins have been duped."
Later the iuge suggested that the
United States embassy should be repre-
sented in court, in view of the circular
which it issued in reference to the
Townley claims.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
Hoods Pills arc purely vegetable,
perfectly harmless, reliable. and efficient.

fair, So 10a2. 90: common, 50c.as1.50; yearlings,
S26Oa390. lunbs ST. 1885 10: veal calves, $4.2Jab.
heavy and thin calves, f2a9.
BUFFALO, n. Y, July a-Cattle-Receipts
$3.50 head; good 10 best shipping and heavy
steers, S4,S5ah25: good, S4.60a4.70; light and
others, 81 10ni.50: mixed butchers, IS. 25a4.2o;
good, ia, heifers. $9.75B4.51: cows and heifers,
s3ai: oxen, s2.75a4; bulls, s225a2.e5 choice, f9a
$50: stockers and feeders, steady at &. 25a8 60;
fresh cows, steady at s22aiO. Hogs-Receipts,
9,i5O head: Yorkers, s5.b0a5.60: good pigs, s5.b5
ab.65; mixed packers, $55Oa5.55; roughs, 25a
4S5. sheep and lambs-Recepts, $500 head;
good to choice mixed sheep, s3a3.b0: good
wethers f3.6Oa4; lambs, choice, 5.50Rs.7o; good
"a 7Aah25 culls and common saa4.a5.
NEW YoRK, July 2.-Beeves-Steers, choice
sB.U5a6 10: good TO prime, f5a5.50; medium 70
fair, S5.40a5-70: common, Sh75ab.30; scrubs,
81 l0a450: oxen, S2.25a5 bulls, s2.50a4.5G; cows,
i2.20a4; 8 cars OF grass Texans sold at A.2o;
veais, poor 70 fair, sa.50a4.85.: good TO choice,
S4T5a5o5: extra, 60 40; bntterinilk calves, S2.d0
a2.Ta. Sheep and lamhs-Sheep, poor to fair,
40 30a35le good to choice, s3.60a450; lambs,
H5Na6 so. Hogs-Firm at s5.25a5.6n.
CHICAGO ILL.,, July acknowledgements, 1000
bend; common to extra steers, 80 lOa4.9J
stockers and feeders, S2a3,40: cows and bulls
Si.2sa375; calves, Sc 25a4 as. Hogs-ReceipA
1000 head: heavy, 81 S5a60S; common to choice
mixed, s4.70a5.U5; choice assorted, 81. 90a4.g5;
light, S465a4.90; pigs, sA25a4.70. Sheep-ke-
ceipts, 1000 head; inferior to choice, si.25a
3.75; lambs. S3a5.
BALTIMORE, Nd, July 2.-Swine-Markey
fairly active; receipts, moderate and vniues
csc higher; quotations, s5.31ab.15 per LOG
pounds. gross; receipts, 9,a75 head.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05


Division Marshal, NJ. d. Crossan.
This division consisted of wagons carry
ing baskets, provisions, &c, and also
vehicles unattached to the schools.
The police numbered IL and were in
command of Sergeant WEIGH.
At the head of the column there were
two barouches, the first containing
Joseph Pyle, the president OF the
Jubilee Association, Mayor Shortlidge
aud President of Council Perkins and
the second containing Chief Justice
Lore and Judge Ball.
Hanover Sunday-school was repre-
scented by its male scholars only. Their
badges were red, white and blue.
Asbury wore badges of similar colors
and had float decorated in the national
colors and one decorated in lilac and
white.
Eight boys with Second Baptist Sun
day-schcol carried large flag, The
scholars wore white badges and several
gaily decorated floats accompanied the
school.
The scholars of First Presbyterian
Sunday-school wore white badges and
had small flags in their hats. A float
decorated in orange, white and pink
accompanied the school.
81, Paul's was headed by the indie
pendent Cornet Band of Marshallton.
The scholars wore silk badges, rcd,
whine and blue in color, and carried
silk flags. The school had an attractive
float and was accompanied by Presiding
Elder and Mrs. Barrett and the Rev.
and Mrs. I. L. Terry, who rode in u
| carriage.
Union was accompanied by First
Regiment Band. Six boys carried a
| large flag The badges were white. One
| float, representing boat, was decorated
in Nile green and white, and was in
charge OF captain Jimmy" Brown,
and another, decorated in red, white
and blue, had its seats arranged in tiers
and had at each of It's four corners u
man uniformed in blue and gold and
armed with u bayonet. The third was
decorated in blue and white.
Nearly all the girls of Mt. Salem wore
white costumes. The float was decorated
in white and blue and the men at the
horses heads had blue sashes over white
| shirts.
Scott had float decorated in gold
and white.
Smyth Post Band headed Central
Sunday .school. The feminine member:
Of the school in vehicles decorated in
red, white and blue.
Eight boys connected with Rodney
Street Sunday-school bore large flag
belonging to the George Gray Demo
cratic Club of the Seventh ward. Thl
floats were decorated in the nationa
colors.
Epworth's floats were similarly deco
rated.
The floats of Delaware Avenue Bap
fist Sunday school were decorated il
lilac and white.
| Grace was accompanied by the Colum
bian Band.
The floats which accompanied Yves
Sunday-school were decorated in Nil
green and pink.
| Madeley was accompanied by 10 boy
who bore large flag.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
POISON FOLLOHS BITES.

Murder Mny Result From Fight Be-
tween Two Negro Pugiiists at Laurel.
peclalCorrespundeilce Of Gazette ana journal
LAUREL, June 2S.-,Charles Williams and
Clarence Hearn, negro pugilists, engaged
in u mill last Saturday and llearn was
getting besteh, when he clinched his
opponent and began ''chawins' him. He
had to be dubbed loose from his victim.
Williams left hand and arm were terribly
llreratud by Hearn's teeth and blood
poisoning las set in and is so virulent that
Williams is now in u dying condition.
Hearn has been lodged iii Jail to await the
result,
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
ooKE srRIkERs Acr1EE.
Huns Attack WorKnen and Drive Them
on, Causing Much Excitement.

Huns Attack worKmen and Drive Them
on, Causing Much Excitement.
UNIoNTowN, Pa, July 2.-The coke
strikers were more active to-day and
outbreaks were reported in different
parts of the region. At Leith mob Of
Huns attacked number of working
men and two were seriously injured.
The strikers assembled near the COM
pany's houses and rushed on the yards,
hurting clubs and stones in all directions.
Tho workmen fled and were pursued to
their homes by the foreigners. Work
was not resumed at once, but later IN
the day the men returned. Informa-
tons have been made against the Huns
for riot.
Raids were also made at the Morrell
and Atlas plants and the workmen
driven from the yards. No one was in
jured. The raids have caused great eX-
citement along the plants IN the south
ern end of the region, and deputies will
be called at once to protect the new
men.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-07-05
Levy CouRr MEETING.
The weather Too Hot to DO Much More
Than Pay BILLS.

Tho Weather Too Hot to DO Much More
Than Pay iills.
The Levy Court Commissioners met in
regular session yesterday. Most OF the
business done was passing OF the payroll
and number of current bills.
The commissioners took a look at the
handsome new Marvin Herring safes
placedin the offices Of the clerk of the
peace and comptroller Monday. The
total cpst Of the two is 5000, The bigger
one, that in Clerk Biggs Office weighs
three TINS. Comptroller Stats safe weighs
two tons.
Nothing new has developed in regard to
the wGkhouse sites. The fact is that the
comm sioue.s have not yet viewed all of
the prdffcred sites.
The Levy Court has given the Delaware
Bureau Can Co. permission 10 lay gas
conduit across Market street bridge over
the Chlistiana, the company to take all
risks III connection with damage done by
openilt; or closing the bridge.