The morning call., 1894-06-17

habit Of correct speaking. and the latter can
only be acquired by studying the processes OF
speech, the relation Of breath TO artlculate
sounds, the positions of The tongue and the
other oral organs In molding The outward
stream OF air, and by patient application of
these principles in slow and watchful exercise.
The lungs constitute pair OF bellows, and the
mouth in all its varying shapes the nozzle OF the
bellows. The passage OF the throat must be
kept open and the breath expelled by means of
the ascent of the diaphragm, not by downward
pressure Of the chest. All sound originates in
the throat and all effort In speech must be
thrown back behind the artlculatlng organs,
which must be kept passive. yielding to the air,
always opening to give il exit and never resist
ing it by ascent of the tongue or OF the jaw.
The head mus be held firmly back on the neck
to give full play 10 the attached organs, ana the
greater principle must never be lost sight OF.
that speech is breath, and that while distinct
ness depends on precision and sharpness OF the
oral actions, fueney depends the uure-
strained emission or the material OF speech-the
air we breathe.
To BECOME CITIZEN-A. n. S., City.
The rule in regard TO naturalization is that
foreigner who desires TO become a citizen of
the United States must have resided continC-
ously five years in the United States, one year
in the State in which he makes application,
and that two years before the naturalization he
must have declared under oath affirmation
that he Intends TO become a citizen, and he
must renounce all allegiance TO any foreign
sovereign or state. Persons coming to this
have otherwise complied with the law may
dispense with the necessity of making this
declaration. IL your father became clIlz en- of
the United States before you attained your
majority then you do not need 10 apply for pa
pers for the father becoming a citizen during
the minority of his children they become citl-
Zens
wALDMEIsrER-E. A. r., City. The botan-
cal name OF an herb that grows In the coun-
ties of this State bordering the bay OF San
Francisco and known to German botansts as
Waldmeister is Asperula odorata. The Eng
Iish name is Woodruff or Woodroof 1t Is a
rubinaceous herb known In Europe and Asiatic
Russia and is commonly called by the English
speaking people sweet woodruff. 1t has a creep
ing rootstock, sending up erect stems, the
leaves worried, chiefly IN Fights. the flowers are
small white ones IN loose cymes. The plant
| from the presence OF coumarin Is scented like
! the sweet vernal grass and sweet clover. In
parts of Europe il Is used to flavor a spring
! beverage called MaydrinS. Woodruff Is some
! times found growing near German settlements
! in the United States. 1ne name Is extended 10
| the other species of Aspernla, OF which there
/ are number.
| DATE LINE-K. L. B., Fort Jones, Siskiyou
County, Cal. The International date line is the
! boundary line between regions where the cal
endar day is different. The line runs through
| the Pacific Ocean. and is supposed 10 coincide
with the meridian OF twelve hours, or $50 de-
grees from Greenwich; but It practically fol-
| lows a somewhat devious course and Is some
! times confused. Thus the Sundays of the
! Russians and Of the American settlers in Alaska
| formerly fell upon different days. On the east
of the date line the nominal Gate is one day
earlier than on the west OF it. so that the Amer.
lean Sunday comedies with the former Russian
| Monday.
WHAT TO DRINK-P. 0C., East Oakland
Cal. The rule laid down by trainers is that an
athlete should be temperate. sober and chaste
| He should not use any kind Of drink that would
| In any way cause undue excitement for often
| in the course of preparing for an event the
drinking of one glass OF wine or beer may upset
| all the work that a trainer has done for weeks
] What an athlete should drink depends upon The