davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

1t is claimed that the bridge over the
south branch Of the Chicago river is the
only one of its kind in existence, and it is
certainly radical departure from common
methods, the principle upon which it
works being that of raising or lowering a
window. On either bank rises "a tower Of
iron lattice work l9l feet high The
bridge, 80 feet in span and weighing 800
tons, extends between them, its ends 1T
ting into grooves. 1t is fitted with coun-
ter weights, cables and pulleys all Of
which are governed by a 40 horsepower
steam engine When the bridge is to be
opened the engineer throws off the balance,
and the bridge rises smoothly and horizon
tally In its grooves, halting at height Of
1876 feet. 1t is probable that SO ingenious
a structure is by no means the last of its
kind, as its advantages in certain situa.
lions are self evident.-Chicago Tribune.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

A considerable measure of fatalism is a
great help to a soldier. If what is to be
will be, why be afraid of anything'
A southern soldier describes "A man in his
company-"a little Dutch Jew"-as the
every incarnation of cool, impudent bravo
do in fight" a consistent fatalst, he
summed up his faith in one sentence,
you'll never die till your time comes"
"One day he saw me dodging spent
mimic that came whistling uncomfortably
near.
"'Hey, Dockr he sang out in his piping
voice Watts tie use to todge TEN pulletsf
Tey'll hit you shust as veil we're you is as
we're you amt "-Youth's Companion
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

THE success of the opening
night of the Kawaiahao Fair and
the certainty that the closing night
will be bigger in every way, speaks
volumes for the generosity, good
faith and thoughtfulness of the
people of Honolulu.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

To SUGGEST that the Govern
ment take steps to encourage emf
grafton from the United States, is
in all likelihood simply anticipating
President Dole's message to the
Legislature, This cannot be sug-
gested too frequently or worked
upon too earnestly. Just a little
more leaven will leave the whole
lump
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

The edible dogs of China are known by
their blush black tongues They never
bark and are very taciturn. Four million
and a half are slaughtered annually to it'll
late the palates Of the Celestials
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15
THE DANGEROUS GUEST.

-Art thou Within" She heard the cry,
Ran to the door, like any stupid,
And drew the bolt, then turned 10 fly
For, 10. the messenger was Cupid
Emma Carleton In Ladies' Home Journal.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

Susie (at her music lesson)-Id like to
catch an old air heard in the music room
last night.
PROFESSIONALISM air was that?
Susie (demurely)-Oh, it was a million.
sirel-Tit-Bits
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

ats only a question of a few days now,
Mr.. Kreditt," said young Tudors to the
creditor he was putting off. Its only a
few days before shall pay you in full. The
future is bright with promise''-
Excuse me, Tudors," said the creditor
gruffiy, that's what Pm kicking about.
The past has been a good deal too bright
with promises. ! want pay."-Chicago
Record
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15
Piggy's Prospects.

There were six little crows terribly thin
Their bones were coming right through their
skin,
And, though each gobbled enough for three,
They still were as thin us thin could be.
And there was pig so dreadfully fat
That, painting and putting, all day he sat
And, though he never ate dinner or tea,
He still was as fat as fat could be.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

ut wasn't her eatin the apple afore me
that made me mad" remarked Emily, the
l0-year-old tenant Of the Ash ally tenement,
as a sob broke from her throat. ut was her
otferin me the core wen the entire avnoo
was lookin on."-Chicago Record.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15
CHURCH SERVICES,
CENTRAL UNION CHURCH.

Sunday, Dec.l6 th.-Rev. Robert G..
Hutchins d. D., will preach at II a. IN.
Subject, morning, "The Transmuation
of Moral Force and the Presidency of
Moral Energy" Evening, Judas Is
caliot."
Sunday School at 0:45 A. NJ.
Young Peoples Society of Christian
Endeavor meeting at $3.50 p. n. Sub
ject, Time Repentance; How shown -
Ps. o. q; Luke 1913 10. Leader, NJ. 5.
Q. j. Day.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

Jamesby-Do you think she'll have your
Nettles-Why, Pm sure of it, Her family
are all bitterly opposed to me.-Chicago
Record.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

"Piggy, dear piggy, what shall we do
To make ourselves plumpety plump like your
We find 1t is getting serious matter
To eat 80 much and become no fatter."
The pig gave vent TO the ghost of grin.
"Be thankful you're nothing but bones and
skin.
II /, my dears, were a good deal thinner,
shouldn't be killed for somebody's dinnerl"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

sunday, IL A. NJ, at Oahu Jail: 1:15
P, NJ, at the Barracks; $3.50 p. NJ, Bible
study at Y. NJ. c. A; $3.50 p. M. Gospel
praise service at Y. NJ. c. A.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15
ooE cow; ,5sIs,Ss$'22$$f5fk,
THE RANDOM SHOT.

A schooitime Tale of Little Girl, n Small
Boy and an Innocent Looking Slate.
1t all happened in a class in dictaton.
as writer In st. Nicholas tells.
After reading the lesson aloud, the class
carefully writing ms she read, the teacher
told one of the girls first to collect the
states and then to distribute them, seeing
that no pupil got the same slate again
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15
The Latest Thing.


"There is one sign that should be placed
over every letter box in the city,"
"What is thatf"
Post no Yale Record.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter Day Saints; Militant Hall, rear of
Opera House. Services will be held on
Sunday as follows: 10 A. NJ, Bible
class; ll:l5 A, M. and $3.50 P. NJ, preach
inc ' f"
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15
ST. ANDREWS CATHEDRAL.

ST. ANDREWS CATHEDRAL.
The services of the Second Congre-
CATION of st. Andrews Cathedral to-
morrow Sunday will he as follows:
9:45 a. M, morning prayer, with SER
mon. Nenite Russell in G. TIE Deum:
Berg in G., Benedictus: HAYES in f,
Hymns 537, 81 and 222. $3.50 D. M.
evehsong with sermon. Magnificent.
Beethoven in b Hat. Hymns 236. 80 and
~. Rev. Alex. Macintosh, pastor.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Rev. II. w. Peck, pastor. Sunday
services Dec. 10th, 10 a. Im., Bible
class, led b. pastor. II a. m.
preaching, subject, " Pharasai-
cal Righteousness. Class meet
ing Immediately after morning service.
1870 p. m. Sermon by Rev l.. E.
schneider. Subject, Peters Greeting
to the Church"
Prayer meeting on Wednesday at
1880 p. m.
Meetings held in the hall over Tracv's
store, corner Fort and Hotel streets.
Entrance on Hotel street Everybody
welcomed.
SALVATION ARMY REGULAR SERVICES
FOR THE WEEK.
Sunday, Z a. NJ, hallelujah break.
fast; | a. M, holiness meeting go
p m. children's meeting; p. M, family
gathering.
Meeting every evening during the
week at 1870
Monday, 1880 native meeting led by
Acting Sargant Major Higgins. Friday
$50 p. m. holiness meeting. Saturday
$3.50 p. M, salvation temperance.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH.
Harmony Hall, King street, between
Fort and Alakea streets. Rev. T. D.
Garvin, pastor Preaching tonight
Saturday, in the Tent. ubiect, THE
Reformation Efforts of Luther. Henry
the VII, Robert. Brown and John Wes-
ley"
Services at 1890 3. m. Sunday in the
Hall. Lecture in the Tent at 1880 D. m.
Subject. The Work of Calvin and
Other Reforne:s;" with a plea for
union.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15

There was an old man who could play on the
flute
In truly remarkable way,
Gut sometimes the tune was a little too sad and
sometimes a little too gay,
For either his cats We're affected to tears,
Dr. else, what was nearly as bad,
The dogs spun around till they dropped on
the ground
And laughed till they nearly went mad.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1894-12-15
Minister of the Interior

Interior UIlice,
Dec. 18th, 1854.
5DS9t
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
Ladies' Wooden Underwear and CorSetS
Gents handkerchief,
Underwear and Hosiery.
~~H%%~~~< ~~~~<%>
LACES. LADIES' WAISTS, UNDERWEAR, HOSIERY

so pieces Black Chantilly, inches wide 35c yard ;
regular value, 45c
50 pieces Black Chantilly pemi Flouncing at SOC a
yard regular value CSC.
IS pieces Black Bourbon Lace, inches wide, soc
yard regular value, 65c
IS pieces Black Bourbon Lace net top, at 6oc yard
regular price 75c.
100 pieces Black Bourbon Insertion at 1875 1885, 2oc
25c and soc.
Ladies Percae Waists, finished with full sleeves and
ruffles at $50 each worth ooc
Ladies Dark Percale Waists, polka dots and fancy
stripes, at soc each, worth 75c.
Ladies' Muslin Nig1tgowns rufae finish at 4oc each.
Ladies' Muslin Chemise embroidered and rufle finish,
at 4oc each.
Ladies' Muslin Drawers embroidery and cluster tucks
soc each.
Also fine line of White Skirts from soc upwards.
100 dozen Ladies Fancy and Plain Colored Cotton
Hose at per pair
100 dozen Ladies' Fast Black aud Mode Seamless at
I5c, worth 25c pair
80 dozen Ladies' Black Cotton Hose, "Hermsdor dye1
at CSC pair.
2s dozen Ladies' Black Lise Thread 35c pair
worth soc.
case Boys Extra Heavy Black Cotton Hose, sean
less sc, worth 25c.
Ladies' Ribbed Cotton Vests, low neck and shor
sleeves, at Ioc I5c zoe and 25c each
25 Heavyrbbed Cotton Vests, high neck and long
sleeves, at CSC each.
Is dozen Ladies' Zephyr Wool Vests and Drawers
black white and natural at 81 each, extra good value
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
OPENING OF THE COAST LINE,
First Train to Be Run Into San
Luis Tomorrow.
Restoration Of the Refrigerator Rates
to Be Made Soon.
A Carload OF Oranges sent East IL
Ios-The Wiscensin Central Leaves
the Western Asseoia-
tion-NOtss.

For some time past it hss been rumored
on the streets that the recent cut by the
Santa Fe refrigerator line would be al
vanced soon to the old rate. The cut
was from s75 to Chicago to $50 to Mis-
souri, river, and from 800 to eastern
points to $50 for the same. The opposi-
ton refrigerator lines have been in con-
sultation lately with the Santa Fe peo-
pie, endesvoring to have the difficulty
adjusted. and have about come to an
agreement. Mr.. s. B. Hynes. general
freight agent of the Santa Fe, stated to
a HERALD representative yesterday that
he had not received any official notitca-
ton OF the advance. the only intina-
ton ne had gotten being from
the local fruit men. MIR. j. b.
Migley of the California Transporta-
ton company. heavy shipper OF Or
anges, said that he had received tele-
gram, from what ne considered most
reliable source. that the rate was to be
advanced to the former. to take effect
May 10th. He added father, that the
present rate did nobody any good except
the eastern dealers, who saved exactly
the amount OF the cut. as most OF the
growers here sold their oranges and
fruit in the cars.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
PERSONAL.

Mr.. Herbert Meserve is confined TO
his home with the measles.
F. A. Morey of Omaha, Nee, CAPT
talist, ia at the Hollenbeck.
Tommy" Rowan. jr.. left yesterday
for Kansas City, where he Will join the
Calhoun Opera company.
G. A. Hilton has just returned from
Saticoy, Ventura county, where he had
been engaged in farming.
A. P. Snowman, formerly of this city
but now of Mesa City, Ariz., is in the
city, Oh route to the midwinter fair.
Mrs. Rose Lyons, formerly of this city,
but now a reader. OF San Francisco, is
in the city on business bent of legal
nature.
John G. Eagleson OF EagleRon & Co.,
San Francisco and Los Angeles, is in the
city on business. Mr.. Eagleson resides
in San Francisco.
Tom Fitzhenry, former employee OF
the Railroad News company, running
between FL Paso and Los Angeles, is in
the CITY. Mr.. Fitzhenry has been very
i'll in San Francisco for 10 months past
With pleuro-pneumonia, and has re-
turned to Los Angeles for the benefit
OF his health.
A. G. Bilicke, proprietor of the Hol-
lenbeck hotel and j. E. Aull, proprietor
of the Hollenbsck cafe, left on the 5 10
train last evening over the Santa Fe
route for Denver. Colo. They go to at
tend the convention Of hotel men of the
United States, which opens May 8th at
the Brown palace for week. They
will be absent about three weeks and
will visit interesting places in Colorado
and the east.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
FRATERKAL ORGANIZATIONS.
Their Great Work and Use Under
Present Economic Conditions.
Badges and jewels Which DssigR ate the
several Ordsrs-Where the Largest
Selection Can Be Seen-Some
Points for Thinkers.

1t has been remarked in these later years
how exceedingly numerous have become the
various frsternal and benevolent organizations.
The largest per cent OF these obtain among the
trades and laboring classes Men have grown
to feel how uncertain Is the subsistence which
society In general offers them and how preeari-
GUS is the reliance placed upon their own labor
to supply them and their dependencies at all
times, hence the order OF this and that steps in
and for slight continuous stipend paid at in
tervsls during health or life maintains them in
o measure. 1t is argued that II q man had his
free and natural access to the soil which the
single-taxars maintein isl this natural born
right, and also his free right to ex-
change his products wherever he might,
which the free trader says is another
natural-born right, 1t is alleged that
if these tights were recognized that
production would be SO enormous and trade 50
vast and i'm mediate that society at large would
be an ever-ready, responding SOURCE for any of
laborer, it is said, would then have such
meang, and there would be such ready demand
for his services at high wsses that the specter
of sickness and death and tae poverty and dis
tress which attend it would no longer
frighten him into the various organisations
which now SO nobly stsn6 at his back. We are
NOT attem pting to argue the truth of these
questions We are only repeating what Is al
legged So long as we have benevolent organi.
cations and lodges, we must have jeweled pins
and badges OF their EN- blems. The most beau
tiful and appropriate selections of badges aud
Jewels af the various lodges ard orders that has
been displayed in Los Angeles for q long time
is that at NJ. Germans jewelry store. No. $40
of the great stock of jewelry, watches, dis
monds and precious stones which Mr. German
has been and il now disposing OF at auction. III
you want any article of jewelry whatsoever, at
tend tn ese sales. which take place daily at 2
and z p. m.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
o,LAvERrY's MANY GUNS.
He Produces Three Weapons and Get
Arreated.

He Produces Three Weapons and Gets
Arrested.
John 0'Laverty, keeper OF the city
pound on San Pedro street, was arrested
yesterday afternoon and booked for dis.
turbing the peace.
His arrest grew out of some trouble
between himself and q man named d. p.
Riley. Riley paid O'Laverty for
caring for his horse, but the change was
not returned properly and row ensued.
O'Lsverty got Riley hemmed in and
produced an old rnety revolver to give
emphasis to his threats. The revolver
being old and unloaded would not work,
60 he got rife which hadn't contained
a cartridge in year. This didn't seem
to frighten him, so O'Laverty increased
his arsenal by bringing a double-bar-
relied shotgun on the scene.
About this time Officer Davis ran to
the scene, dispersed the crowd and cent
O'Laverty and his trio of weapons to
the police station.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
The CoAet Line.

The people of San Luis Obispo have
issued invitations to be present tomor-
row to assist in the celebration of the
completion of the Southern Pacific rail-
way into that city and to witness the
arrival of the first passenger train. The
gap from San Luis Obispo to Ellwcod
will probably be completed within six
months. The following WAS received
last night:
SAN LUIS OBIsPo, May 3.-The South
ern Pacific company astonished the
natives hereabouts today by some phe-
nomensl trseklaying. No less than
10000 feet of completed track was laid
in the past 10 hours, leaving only three
quarters Of a mile to build to reach the
Hotel Ramona. This phenomenal work
was rendered necessary to enable the
company to carry cut their programme
to land their trains here on the 9th inst.
The first train to arrive in San LUIS
Obispo will be the special excursion
train leaving San Francisco at a. m.
Saturday, arriving here at p. M, in
time for the big barbecue which opens
the decentralization. Preparations have
been made to slaughter hecatomb of
beeves on the occasion, and several
Thousand persons will be entertained
with that lavish hospitality for which
Southern California is famous. 1t will
be an od-time fiesta to mark notable
event in the history of the state.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
ATTORNEY DAVIS REQUEST.

The Jury Brings La a Verdict He Asked
Thorn to Find.
The trial of Mrs. Millet's suit against
the Bradbury estate was concluded yes
terday afternoon.
It will be remembered that the aged
plaintiff was sister OF L. l.. Bradbury,
the deceased millionaire. She had been
in his family for years. but was not pro-
vided for in his will. She finally brought
suit for $4,000 for services extend
ing over 20 years, and secured verdict
of $4,000. 1t was set aeide by Judge
Shaw, who brought the time for which
she could recover down to two years
before Mr. Bradbury's death. holding
the previous ysara barred by the statute
of limitations.
1t was under the same theory by the
courts that the second trial was con-
Quoted. Mrs. Millet was represented by
Mr.. Davis OF Oakland, and in his argu-
ment to the jury yesterday Mr.. Davis
said he did not wish the jury to return
larger verdict for his client than $1,000.
He wanted no verdict that would be re-
garded as too large by the court, be-
cause he wanted to take the matter to
the supreme court and see whether he
was right in his idea that the jury
could consider the Hervices of Mrs. Mil
lett for the full time, or whether the
court was right.
The jury was out only short time
when they brought in verdict for $1,000
as suggested by the Oakland attorney.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04

pose Of taking out water from the brooks
and rivers that descend from the foot
hills of the Sierra Madre, 1t Ia also
pleasing to see cases of individual effort
made without invoking the aid Of cap.
italists. Take the expsnss Of country
living between here and Santa Monica
bay, along the line of the little narrow
gauge road that is developing that sec
ton. Three years ago there was but
one house at Strawberry Park, two at
Gardena and one at Moneta. Now it
begins to look as ii the property between
those three stations was likely to be
built up into one substantial town, and
that right soon. There are no irrigsting
bitches in that immediate vicinity, but
water is being rapidly developed in
every direction, and that at trihing
cost.
From Rosecrans station down to Bel
yidere must be something over three
miles by air line, and yet every foot OF
the ground is being we'll irrigated by
means of wells and pumps driven by
windmills. The depth at which they
get fair supply of water varies from 10
to Is test, deepening as you go toward
the sea. There being nothing but sandy
loan until the bed Of gravel is reached
over which the water flows, the coat of
putting down such wells is compare
lively insignificant. Much OF the land
about there ia planted to the smaller
fruits, such as strawberries aud black
berries, the yield of which is something
enormous. A piece OF strawberry patch,
iuat outside of Gardena, WAS sold in
December last at the rate OF 1926 per
acre.
If the capital employed in the con-
struction of our large irrigating canals
must come from San Francisco or the
east, then the profits arising from the
sale of such water must be spent OF the
east or in San Francisco. Hence the man
who develops water on his own farm by
his own labor, without invoking the aid
of foreign capital, should be regarded
az something of public benefactor, be-
cause he helps to keep at home the
money that would otherwise be spent
abroad. The thrifty little farms along
the Rsdondo railway line are very
neat illustration of the old adage that
"God hslps those who help themselves.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04

IT is far from being creditable to the
regular army that Lieutenant Nancy
should have been acquitted OF the muir
der Of Captain Hedbsrg, but it showa
the falae and spurious esprit du corps
which prevails in the American army
with reference to graduates of the
lieutenant factory on the banks of the
Hudson. With them every officer who
works his way up from the ranks by
sheer industry and diligence is 'mus-
tang" and unfit for the association of
gentlemen educated at the expense OF o
nations taxpayers. II it be true that
the army officers in court were vociier-
GUS in their demonstrations of applause
at his acquittal, it is calculated to inspire
simultaneous contempt for the jury
system and for the regular army as
well,
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
MISCELLANEOUS Notes.

Fred Herr, passenger agent of the
Union Pacific, was out OF the city yes
terday.
II. X. Gregory, assistant general pas
senaer agent OF the Santa Fe. was a!
Winchester yesterday.
Mr.. Frank Cox, the attorney for the
Southern Pacific railroad at Phoenix
Ariz., is at the Hollenbeck. He is &C
com panied by his wife.
The Eureka went north yesterday
with 50 frst-cass passengers. The
Santa Rosa is due today with large
passenger and freight list.
Another large crowd visited the Mon
terey yesterday. This vessel will re
main at Radondo until Monday. To
morrow and Sunday the Santa Fs will
run extra trains at spscia, rates.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.
ANNOUNCEMENTS.

The papers of ali delinquent mail subs cribers
to the Daily Herald will be promptly discon-
tinued hereafter. No papers will be sent to
subscribers by mail unless the same have been
paid for in advance.
J. p Fisher, newspaper advertising agent
81 Merchants Exchange, San Francisco. is an
authorized agent. This paper is kept on file in
his ONCE.
Sole Eastern Advertising Agent, s. p Palmer,
Rhinelsnder Building, New York
The Herald is sold at the Occidental Hotel
news stand. San Francisco, for sc copy.
No contributions returned.
The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900, 1894-05-04

THE instruction in Cleveland, which
started on May day, has not only tried
she mettle of the entire police force to
prevent it from wrecking factories, bu
she aid OF the military has been called
in to suppress it. The rioting was COM
menced by great mob Of Poles on a
strike. These people seem to think that
when they decline to work, their places
shall not be taken by any one else.
They mobbed tie men who took their
places and acted in the most violent and
yiotous manner. These lawlegs demon.
etrations are becoming very frequent
wherever large numbers of these foreign
tmportations are gathered together. The
Poles and Huns have only Just been
forced to keep the peace in the coke dis
tricts in Pennsylvania, snd now the
game alien element breaks out in Cleve-
land. We are receiving very significant
lesson on the subject OF opening oul
eoore to the free ingress of the half
sivilized tribas OF Eastern Europe.