davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate., 1894-09-12

money in payment of interest on their
bonds"
"Well, the reason that seems strange
to you is because you don't understand
anything at all about it."
"Won't you please explain it3"
"You see it was this way. The rea-
son-well, never mind that. 1t has
nothing to do with the subject. What
do you see wrong about it,"
"If you don't explain it I shall have
to set it down as another flaw in your
pet banking system. 1t makes the
people take one kind of money and
gives the banker another. 1t looks to
me as though the bankers ought to
have been satisfied with being able to
exchange the greenbacks dollar for
dollar for Understanding bonds, with.
out asking to have that interest paid
in gold"
eyes, 1 have no doubt that it looks
that way to you. There are a great
many grumbling, fault-fnding people
like you in the country. They find
fault with a good thing just because
somebody gets little advantage by it.
What kind of money did we have be-
fore we had national bank notes ?
What kind of stuff were those green
backs?"
"I don't pretend to know anything
about it. You tell me that they were
used to carry on the war, In that case
it was not very cowardly money, and
l don't see how it ever came to be
worth less than 100 cents on the dol
lar"
zone reason was that it was not a
full legal tender. 1t would not pay in
terest on the public debt nor duties on
imports"
"Whose fault was thatP"
81 don't know, but the bills were
printed that way. 1t was the demand
for gold to pay what the paper money
would not pay that made gold worth
so much more than the greenbacks.
"Why, Cicero, were you really in
earnest when you said that there could
be no flaws picked in the national bank
system? I should Judge that we have
scarcely got started on the subject, yet
every step as far as we have gone
seems to me to be a big piece of fool
ishness on the part of the government,
resulting in very unfair advantage to
the man who had money to invest in
bond speculation over the man who in
vested his money in ordinary business
or the man who worked for a
living. will have to have little time
to think before l can grasp any more
ideas on the subject of national
banks"
ITO be eOBtiRue6.)
The advocate., 1894-09-12

4
from 10 million dollars per acre to 10
cents and nothing at all, and, second,
because every time a child is born,
youth comes of age, or an emigrant
lands, new division would be re-
quired. His crudity is shown in want
ing the limit at 100 acres, though even
now there is not enough to go around
at that rate, and population doubles in
a few years, while the quantity of land
is ever the same, fact that forms the
basis of the single-tax philosophy.
sHe processes to believe that" the earth
is the common property of all men,
No one denies that. In one form and
another it is expressed by all the great
law.giyers from Brockton to Shars-
wood. 1t is never seriously questioned
by anybody"
Why, then, does he object to the
only possible method of an equitable
distribution of the value of this COM
mon property, for unless he means the
value is common property his words
are meaninglessP His plan of distribu-
tiOn by area is not only impossible, but
if it were not it would not distribute
land values any better or even at all
differently from present methods.
He adds to the above extract: "But
that does not imply that individual
ownership of land is a violation of
this principle. On the contrary, 'indi-
Vidual ownership is as universally rec
ognized as the other" Unless Mr..
Bell confuses the terms Ownership
with security of tenure possession and
use), as he evidently does, there is no
sense in taking these two diametric-
ally opposite positions, for to say "the
earth is the common property of all
men," but any part may justly be the
individual property of one man, is too
absurd to require comment, since both
cannot be true.
He says: "The single-tax advocate
denies the right to the individual to
select a plot of land and call it his
own" Nothing could be farther from
the truth than this, and none conVers-
ant with single-tax literature would
make so rank and reckless a misstate-
ment. On the contrary, single-tax
men claim that it would enableGU wish
ing to occupy and use land to do so
upon equal terms with all others, with
far greater security of permanent ten
ure than any but the richest now en-
joy.
He says: "The single-tsxer makes a
mistake in fighting individual owner
ship instead of land monopoly" But
it is Mr.. Bell that makes mistake, in
not knowing that it is only monopoly
and not fixity Of tenure that single
takers oppose.
"No court constituting will, deVising
land to lot of heirs, would hold that
because it was held in common it could
not be divided and held in seYeralty."
True, but would a just court give one
heir forty acres on Manhattan Island
or Chicago lake front worth 200 mil
lions, and another forty acres of Yves.
tern sage brush and alkali, worth $1OP
Mr.. Bell gives his case dead away
when he says a man has the right to
own land, hold it idle and get the in
creased value as a reward for his fore
The advocate., 1894-09-12
PREPARING FOB SUFFRAGE.
Sophia and Her Husband Discuss National
Banks.
NO. VIII.
BY CON HEALY.


through with your work. l am really
anxious to begin my task Of enlighten-
ing you on the subject Of national
banks"
81 am through, Cicero" she replied
as she stopped before the glass for a
moment to arrange her hair. ~ am
through, and as anxious to be enlight-
ened as you are to enlighten me-"
'Now, the first thing that l want to
impress on your mind" said he, as she
took seat opposite him, sis that ma
tional banks are strictly a republican
institution. No other party can claim
any credit for establishing or main
tanning them, and"
"But-"
"Wait now. / want to say further
that il you think you can pick that in
stitution all to pieces and find flaws in
it like you did in the tariff and silver
planks you are mistaken"
80, I'm not looking for flaws. All
I want is to understand those things.
But, of course, if there are flaws lying
on the surface so plain that 1 can't
help seeing them, l am going to call
your attention to them"
"You are welcomed to do that, but l as
sure you that you will only injure your
eyes looking for flaws in this case."
81 am glad to hear that. But 60 on
with your explanation. What is the
first step in starting national bank ?"
"The first step is to purchase govern
ment bonds"
"What are government bOndsP"
"They are the notes of the govern
ment, promising to pay at some future
time with interest"
"Then, the first thing necessary is
for the government to be in debt, is it
not?"
"Yes, certainly. The government
would hardly borrow money unless it
was in debt or wanted to make some
public improvement"
"Could not the government make
money!
"That would be a great idea. You
have a lot to learn yet. The
Lord makes money"
"Whst did the people who wanted to
start national banks give the govern.
ment for those bondsP"
"Most Of them were bought with
greenbacks.
''Did the Lord make those green.
backs or did the government make
themP"
"They were issued by the govern
ment for the purpose of paying the
soldiers and the other expenses of the
war"
"But you said that the government
wanted to get money for those bonds"
"Yes, that was the object in issuing
them."
"But what could be the object in
exchanging them for greenbacks that
the government itself had madep Was
the government paying interest on the
greenbacksP"
"No, of course not. Why should
the government pay interest on themH"
go, / didn't know. 1 thought that
perhaps it might have been done, so
that the Lord wouldn't be offended at
tho o,ounrnrnnn for rnokinn rnnnnu %
The advocate., 1894-09-12

they circulated everywhere in the
country as money"
"Then you were only joking when
you said that the Lord makes money"
81 meant gold and silver. He gave
them intrinsic value and intended them
to be used as money"
81 don't remember having seen that
in the Bible, but if it isthere it ought to
be pointed out to the men who voted
to demonetize silver"
"You are always getting off Of the
subject. Now, if we are going to talk
about national banks let's stick to the
subject or else quit"
"I think we are on the subject. l
simply wanted to find out what kind
ofmoney men gave in exchange for
the bonds which they used in starting
national banks"
"Those greenbacks that they gave
were very poor money. They were
sometimes worth only 40 cents on the
dollar"
81 understood you to say that the
government used them to pay the sol
diers."
"That was what 1 said, but you
see"
eyes, l see. The soldiers then
bought bonds with the greenbacks.
No, they didn't. How do you sup
pose a soldier could save money enough
out of SIS or $16 a month to buy gov
ernment bondsP"
"Then it was not the soldiers who
started national banksP"
"Of course not; it was the capitalists
that did that. 1t takes lot of money
to start bank"
$50 a capitalist, as you call them,
could buy $40 worth of bonds with
800 worth of greenbacksP"
"No, you don't understand that. He
could buy 800 with of bonds for 800
worth of greenbacks. What meant
by saying that the greenback was some
times worth only 40 cent on the dollar
was that it was only worth 40 cents in
gold"
"NoW, / understand it all right. A
man worth 800 in gold could exchange
it for $3.50 in greenbacks and then ex-
change the greenbacks for $3.50 worth
Of government bonds and draw inter.
est on the bonds. Is that correctp"
"Yes, but that has nothing to do
with the subject"
81 was only thinking how much
nicer it was at that time to be a capi-
talist than it was to be a soldier. But,
that has nothing to do with the sub
ject, has.it? How many thousand dol
lars worth of bonds does it take to start
a national bankP"
"a bank association must deposit at
least $4,000 in bonds with the United
States treasurer. The government then
issues the bank 80 per cent. of the
value of the bonds in money, or bank
notes, which will circulate as money"
"Do the people have to take them as
money!"
eyes. The law says that they shall
be taken in payment of all debts, and
the government will receive them as
money in all payments except duties
on imports; that is, tariff duties"
nDOeg the 0OVArnmant nav them ont
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
Where Was O'Flynn?

A Judge of the Massachusetts superior
court has habit of allowing his voice
to drop 80 low that his words can with
difficulty be heard. The story is told
that he was sentencing q prisoner at
Lawrence one time when man in the
courtroom shouted:
''Speak louder, your honori Speak up!"
''Send that man out of the courtroom,
Mr.. Oficerr' said the judge.
The order was obeyed, and the pro-
ceedings went on.
"Call the next case," said the judge
when he had finished with the prisoner
in whose case the interruption had oc-
CURED.
"Terence O'Flynnp called the clerk,
but Mr.. O'Flynn did not rise. The crier
called him, but there was no answer.
and the officers of the court began to look
about.
Itwas discovered that Prisoner O'Flynn
had disappeared, and his absence could
not be accounted for until some one said:
"May it please the court, Terence
O'Flynn was the man you just sent out
for shouting to the judge to speak up
Youths Companion.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23

The new science Of psychology will
determine the mental laws exactly-the
laws of the individual and of society;
the laws of aesthetics, of education, of
ethics and of every human faculty.
1t will compel men to live by these
laws, because it will make them plain
to all men-as plain as the law of grav-
ity. The world will then go forward
because it will see how. We shall then
have a higher manhood, because Its
type will be clear to us. We shall
have new art and new literature, be-
cause we shall know the secrets of beau
ty. Its standards shall be broader in
proportion as they shall be truer. We
may then efficiently love our unfortu-
nate brother by knowing how to make
him lovable, and how to make life lov
able to him. Psychology will secure
to man wealth and art, wisdom and
happiness, by making man capable of
them. Psychology will make education
the chief function of government by
giving education scope heretofore un-
conceived of.-McClure' Magazine.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
wrestling With English.

All strange tongues hold pitfalls. but
the English language seems to be rather
more provided with traps for the un-
wary than almost any other. Vassar
girls had private laugh not long ago at
the eulogy bestowed by a French gentle
man whose admiration for the young un-
dergraduates considerably exceeded his
ability 20 speak it in English. He had
met the young women at one or two day
festivities and was sufficiently impressed,
but when, at an evening reception, they
burst upon him in the bravery of full
dress the admiring Gaul felt at once the
handicaps of his vocabulary. 81 cannot
say" he confded to one Of his hosts,
show beautiful the young ladies appear
in their nightdresses. Her Point of
View in New York Times.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
"CuriOua WOman.O

He was showing them the various pic
lures hanging on the wall. They were
gems, for he really had excellent taste in
art. They were choice bits of land
scape, lovely ideals of humanity, studies
of still life and hints from the impress
sionist school. The ladies viewed each
with admiration, but none with especial
interest until they came to huge frame
with its face turned toward the wall.
Immediately they were all interest
"What is that" asked one of the la
dies.
The young man assumed an air OF
mystery and shook his head as though
he would like to tell, but could not.
"Aren't you going to let us see it?' said
one in surprise.
"rm sorry, but you can't" began he.
"But, really, we'd like more to see
that than any of the others. Wouldn't
we, girls?"
The girls said they would.
"Well," said the exhibitor, ''if you
must see it, 1 suppose you must"
The young ladies conjured up all kinds
of beautiful visions as they looked with
expectancy ON the mysterious back of
the frame.
"It is called Curious Woman" said
he. Of course that only increased the
zeal. Finally he turned the frame and
disclosed-a mirror. Were the young
ladies Disappointed Philadelphia Press.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
Prices of Rare Coins,

The bronze cents, such as are in circu-
lation now, were first coined in 1854.
None of them bears premium except
the issue of 1877, which is valued at 8
cents. Some of the old fashioned half
cents are high priced. On basis of
''good" condition the half cent Of 1906 is
worth $15. The issues of 1881, 1886, 1910,
1849, 1S49 and 1851 fetch So each, while
those of 1898, 1906 and 1902 we pay 81
apiece for. None of the nickel cents is
worth premium except that Of 1855,
with flying eagle, which you can sell
for $2 A cent nickel of 1877 is worth
81, and nickel cent piece of 1878 has
q market value of 10 cents; there is no
premium on those of any other year.
Nickel 8 cent pieces o 1877 we pay rs
cents each for, while those of 1878, 1889,
1885 and 1886 are worth cents each;
none of the others bears premium. If
you are SO lucky as to get hold of a
bronze Q cent piece for 1878 you will
have no difficulty in disposing of it for
81, but no other issues have any extra
value.-Interview in Washington STAR
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
The Discovery of the Gulf Stream.

Ponce de Leon, while on his famous
search for the fountain of youth, made
the discovery of the gulf stream. The
whalers of New England were the first
to gain fairly accurate knowledge of
the limits of the current between Amer
ica and Europe by following the haunts
of the whales, which were found north
of one line and south of another, but
never between the two. This, they rea-
soned, was the gulf stream current.
Benjamin Franklin received this in
formation from the whalers and pub
lished it on chart for the benefit of the
mail packets plying between England
and the colonies. The chart was first
issued about ITO, but was not accepted
by the English captains. Before it came
to be generally known and used the
trouble between England and the col
onies began, and Franklin, knowing the
advantage the knowledge would be to
the British naval officers, suppressed it
all he could until hostilities ceased
Detroit Free Press.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
steamship Shaft indicators.

One of the most notable marine de-
vices in the engine room of first class
steamships is an arrangement by which
the engineers are enabled to know wheth-
er that part of the shaft which extends
outside the ships hold is working smooth
ly or not. In all twin screw ships this
runs through sort of tunnel fastened
to the ship with big brackets. OF course
it is impossible to get at this shaft dur
ing voyage. On the Paris, for in
stance, this is said to be 40 feet long. To
meet the objection in question little,
fine tube is made to pass along the top
of the shaft which runs inside the ship,
just over the shaft, and water is con-
stantly running through this tube in a
fine stream. The engineer on watch fire.
quently tries the temperature of this
water with his hand, SO that if the water
were warm he would know at once that
something was wrong with the working
of the shaft and it would be slowed down,
or this not remedying the trouble the
engines on that side would be stopped
New York Sun.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
The Maxim Airship.


In conversation with II. j. W. Dam,
reported in McClure's Magazine, Hiram
s. Maxim, inventor of the Maxim air
ship, said:
''The principle I have worked on, gen.
orally speaking, is that of the kite. That
large cloth frame at the top of the mod
ell is the aeroplane, or main kite surface
The lesser aeroplane above the platform
or car, the side aeroplanes or wings and
the fat pointed rudders fore and aft are
designed to furnish additional kite sur
face. 1t is necessary to make it, howev-
er, so that we can run it in calm
against the air, thus making our own
wind, as it were, and for this purpose
have railway track, and instead of
cords to hold the kite against the wind I
employ pair of powerful screw propel-
lers driven by a steam engine.
"In this manner 1 can drive the ma
chine exactly as please, can ascertain
exactly how much the push Of the screws
is, and at the same time find out exactly
how much the machine lifts at different
speeds. The machine is, in fact, big
kite. Should I fly it in the air with a
cord during strong gale and then run
my engines, should be able to find out
how fast they would have to run in order
to take all the pull off the cord. AS soon
as the cord became slack, the machine
would be flying with its own engine
r,overo
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
WAsHlNeToN's STATE DINNERS.
They Were Very solemn Affairs, Accord
ing to an Ancient Annalist.


They Were Very Solemn Affairs, Accord
ing to an Ancient Annalist.
Washington's state dinners must have
been exceedingly solemn affairs if they
were all like the description of the fol-
lowing, which is found in the ancient
diary of Senator Maclay, one of the first
two representatives of the state of Penn
sylvania in the United States senate:
Thursday, Aug. 81, 17s9-A little
after o'clock l called upon Mr.. Bassett
Of Delaware state, and we went to the
presidents for dinner.
''The company were President and
Mrs. Washington, Vice President and
Mrs. Adams, Governor Mifflin and his
wife, Mr.. Jay and wife, Mr.. Langdon
and wife, Mr.. Dalton and lady (per-
haps his wife), Bassett, myself, Lee Lew
is and the presidents two secretaries.
"The president and his wife sat oppo-
site each other in the middle of the table;
the two secretaries, one at each end. 1t
was great dinner and the best of the
kind / ever was at. The room, however,
was disagreeably warm.
First were soup, fish, roasted and
baked meats, CANNON, fowl, etc. This
was the dinner. The middle of the table
was garnished in the usual tasty way,
with small images, artificial flowers, etc.
The dessert was fruit. apple pies, pud-
ding, ETC., then ice cream, jelly, etc.,
then watermelons, muskmelons, apples,
peaches and nuts.
''It was the most solemn dinner was
ever at. Not a health drank, scarce a
word said until the cloth was taken
away. Then the president, filling a glass
of wine, with great formality drank the
health Of every individual around the
table. Everybody initiated him, changed
glasses, and such buzz of Health, sir,
Health, madame Thank you, sir and
Thank you, madame had never heard
before.
1.-The ladies sat good while, and the
bottle passed about, but there was dead
silence almost. Mrs. Washington at last
withdrew with the ladies. expected
the men would now begin, but the same
silence remained. The president told OF
New England clergyman who had lost
his hat and wig in passing river called
the Bronx, and he smiled, and everybody
else laughed.
"He now and then said sentence or
two on some common subject, and what
he said was not amiss. Mr.. Jay tried to
make laugh by mentioning the carica-
ture of the Duchess of Devonshire as
sisting in carrying on Fox's election.
"The president kept a fork in his hand
when the cloth was taken away,
thought for the purpose of picking nuts.
He ate none, but played with the fork,
striking on the edge of the table. We
did not sit long after the ladies retired.
The president rose and went up stairs
to drink coffee. The company followed.
l took my hat and went home. New
York Herald.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1894-05-23
THE DATE OF THE EXODUS.
It Would Seem to Lie Between the Years
143O and 1900 Ii. q.

Although the monuments and papyri
give us no direct information upon the
subject of the exodus, they do Indirect
ly indicate certain period within
which it must have taken place. Thoth-
mes Ill, who was the most powerful
king of that dynasty the eighteenth)
which finally drove the Hyksos invad-
ers out of Egypt and reunited the whole
country under one scepter, extended his
conquests as far as Mesopotamia, over
inning Palestine ON his way. He left
| sts of the conquered nations, but does
not mention the Israelites among them.
Rameses ii of the nineteenth dynasty,
the supposed oppressor, who reigned
about 900 years later, also subdued
peoples, but he, again, does not men,
tion the Israelites among them.
What is perhaps still more impor-
tant is that, while the Israelites have
left records of invasions by Mesopota-
mians, Moabites, Canaanites, Midianites
and Philistines, they do not mention
any invasion by the Egyptians, and the
conclusion is that the Israelites were
not settled on the west side of the Jor-
dan till after the wars waged by RAM
eses II at the commencement Of his
reign, which began not earlier than
1883 B. c., or, as some now say, 1865
B. 9.
1t has been attempted to explain this
difficulty away by suggesting that RAM
eses II kept close to the seacoast on his
march through Palestine and did not
strike inland till he was some distance
to the north of the Israelites, but 1t is
inconceivable that he should not have
secured his long line of communications
by establishing posts 30 far inland that
they must have been brought into con-
tact with the Hebrews If the latter had
at that time been settled in their own
country.
The earliest date, therefore, at which
the Egyptian history will permit the
exodus to have taken place, even when
full allowance is made for the time
spent by the Jews in the wilderness and
in conquering Palestine, would seem to
be about 1880 B. c., while, If the shorter
chronology be adopted, 1t could not
have been much earlier than 1900 B.
C.-Scribner' Magazine.