The Coeur d'Alene press. (Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) 1892-1907, 1894-03-10
FARM AND GARDEN.
ADVANTAGES TO De OBTAINED
~ WITHDRAWING.



ing-KiIlIsg YSsit Pesss-About the
Time to Dsteh-Ths Object Of Undsr-
dFsining--Farm Notes.
Understanding may be mentioned ~
one Of the most beneficial improvements
on farm. Low, level and heavy lands,
or land that ID cut up with swamps and
marshes, also rolling land with streaks
or hollows between the ridges, should
he underdrained. Money expended in
ditching such lands iii the work be prop
erly done will be speedily repaid with
interest. In ditching the Fret thing to
look after ID . good outlet, for no matter
how well the rest Of the work be done,
il there is not . good outlet, it 10 all .
failure. When buying tile one should
farm will enter into the main ditch and
then buy tile large enough to carry all
the water - fast ~ il gets to il. When
planning for undertaking. . farm ar
range the main ditch 20 ~ to take in the
lowest hollows and where the lay Of the
land will take the longest string Of tile
Try and have the main ditch about three
feet deep in the shaiiowest places; this
will give . good fall to the branches.
The object in understanding IL to loosen
heavy, .ozgy soil and to remove surface
water as soon - possible. To do this
care should be taken to get the ditch
about the right depth. For branch
drains think from two to three feet is
the proper depth. In any ditch the fall
should be evenly distributed throughout
its entire length: il should not have
more fall than necessary part Of the way
and the rest be on level, neither should
part of the tile be full Of water and the
rest empty. In case Of quicksand in the
bottom bA-ds should be PLACED under
the tiles to prevent their settling, for. il
the tiles are not kept even, . large per-
cenfaga OF their capacity will be lost. In
making turns never turn square, but al
Ways on a circle large enough that you
can use common tile for making the
turn; for large tile use . larger circle
than for small. Never have 4 branch
form q right angle with the main ditch,
but ct it curve or angle toward the out
let. In running q ditch to low sag I
think it does better work to 60 through
the lag and end in the opposite bank.
Now about the time to ditch. will give
INV way. put in the main ditch when
ever / can best spare time and when il
digs easiest. After this lie done choose
a field of sod nearest the outlet of the
main ditch. from which am going to
take a euccession Of crops. and drain the
field in the fall. ditching it 20 that the
low and high ground will be ready to
work At the same time in the spring. By
doing il in the fall the freezing and thaw-
ing OF winter and spring loosens the soil
and opens the pores through the ground
consequently the dit.h is in better work
ing order and the ground in better shape
for use in the spring than ii l waited
until spring before ditching. OF the
many advantages obtained by under
draining will mention hat . few: l.
What is more unsightly than what might
be q nice field or farm. that is all cut up
with water holes? Underiraining re-
moves these. 2. While working around
a pond Of water one is doing more labor
than he would be If it were 50 that he
could work through it; besides he is los
ing the use of what would be the best
part of the field il it were underdrained.
Or again in wet seasons on low lands his
crops are q total failure, where they
would have been good had the land been
thoroughly underdrained. 5. Many
times in the spring or in vet weather
one has to wait long enough for water to
soak away from undrained land to have
had his crops all in il the land had been
drained. 4. On clayey soils that are un-
derdrained freezing and thawing will not
heave clover or wheat As il will where
they are not drained.