The Coconino weekly sun., 1894-04-05

tno soutnern leaders already named and James augurated the policy of tho government had the approval of three presidents, all from the south-Washingtcn, Madison and Monroe Of me thirteen votes against the law nine were rom New England, three from the southern ana one from the middle states. It will thus DC seen that we are largely indebted to tho Soutn TOT the inauguration and establishment or our protective system The early southern statesmen wore nearly to man fn it's favor
 anu It Is cause for universal, regret that those who assume 10 speak for that section today nave wandered so far away from the example and teachings of their patriotic predecessors
 John C. Calhoun began his career us pro. tecuonlst, and favored the diffusion and growt tn ot manufacturers throughout all sections alike He remained slaunch protectlonist for many years, until he and his followers of the south began 10 realize that tho interests of slave buyers and owners, and of free protected and Mell-patd labor were inevitably antagonistic That reason, whatever influence 1t may have hpd then, ought 10 have no force now for slavery and the slave trnfflc no longer have U place in our civilization and the interests of one section Of our common country are exact. " Identical with the interests of every other washington, in his message of l796, urged upon congress the necessity of accelerating the establishment of certain useful manufac- turos by the intervention of legislative aid and protection" Jefferson, in December, 1SJl in his first message, congratulated congress- upon the revenue derived from tarin duties and suG. gested that there is now reasonable ground or confidence that wo may safely dispense with all internal taxes and rely for the support of tho government and the payment of the public debt upon tariffs" In ls0s, in his annual mes sage or that year to congress, he still adhered ! to tho protective tarim
 In lSl6 tho first revenue or free-trade tar.ff was enacted Henry Clay in 1893, seven years after tho adoption of this tariff thus described | the condition ot the country: 'The general dis tress which pervades the whole country Is forced upon us by numerous facts of the most | incontesta6le character. lt is indicated by the | diminished exports of native products; by the | depressed and reduced state of our foreign nav | igation; by our diminished commerce. by sue. | cesstVo unthreshed crops of grain perishing in | our barns for want of q market: by the alarm | ing diminution of the circulating medium; by
 the universal complaint Of the want of employ. menl and the consequent reduction of the
 wages of labor and, above all, by the low and depressed state of tho value of almost every de- | scription of property in the nation which has | on an average, sunk not less than 50 per cent 1 within flow years IL Is most painful for me | to dwell on the gloom of this picture, but have | exaggerated nothing, Perfect fidelity to the
 original would have authorized me to throw on deeper and darker hues."
 Col. Thomus IL Bentop's description of the
 same period is well worthy to be noteds "No 1 price for property or produce; no sales but | those Of the sheriff and the marshal; no pur- | chasers at execution sales but the creditor or ! some hoarder of money; no employment Tor in. | dustry; no demand for labor; no sale for the l products of the farm: no sound of the ham. | mer but that of che auctioneer knocking down | property, Stop laws property laws, replevin | laws, stay laws, loan-oiiico laws-this was tho | DuSlneSS or the legislatures m inree-IOurtnS Ol
 the states of the union. Distress the uni | versal cry of the people; relief the universal | demand thundered at tho doors of all legls' | lntures state and federal"
 l No relief came until the protective act of 1924.
 Among those who voted for that much-needed
 measure were such well known democrats as l Andrew Jackson, senator from Tennessee: | Thomas IL Benton, senator from Missouri:
 Martin Van Buren. senator from New York: | James Buchanan, a representative from Penn.
 sylvani; Richard NJ Johnson, senator from l Kentucky; Louis McLain, representative
 from Maryland; Gen. Sam Houston, q repre-. | sentative from Tennessee and nlterward 5ena. | tor from Texas It will be observed that in
 this group are three democratic statesmen who | subsequentlye became president of the United | States, aS well IS one that became vice presi
 dent Richard NJ. Johnson, Of Kentucky Al
 gave their ardent support to this protective tarin measure, and there was as yet no section. | alism manifest in our industrial legislation.
 In 1893 the tarif was still further increased. | Again most Of these same distinguished | democrats, including Silas Wright Of New | York one of the nbleSt leaders of that party in tho country. voted for it. The names of nc
 fewer than five gentlemen who subsequently, became president are recorded in tho yeas and nays on the passage of this bill Martin Van | Iiuren, William Henry Harrison and James Buchanan voted for it. and John Tyler and James K. Polk against it.
 But the change of position Of Mir. Calhoun l and his followers eventually found expression in the compromise tarin ot l8,2 This continued | in force for about ten years, and, while fl
 
 by the nulliilcation episode of 1892, it at length produced the great financial crisis of 1887, a period of distress almost equal 10 that which preceded the enactment or the t3rin Of 1854 | Many of our older citizens recall with shud. der the hardShipS and priyations which were
 endured throughout tho country from 1887 to lSi2 They justly attributed the prevailing | distress to the tariff of l833 and when oppOr'
 tuuity came, as 1t did in lsi0, they overthrow
 and drove from power in all branches Of the government the party responsible for it
 l Aa n rggnlt of this great rnVOlutiOn An.
 gust 3O ls42, President Tyler reluctantly guvo his assent to another great protective law, | known as the tarlf of 1872 It passed the
 house of representatives on July 10, by the
 narrow margin of four votcS-yeas ll6, uays liz It included among it's supporters such
 able leaders as GarTet Davis, of kentucky;
 ris and Nathaniel Pendletou, or Ohio, and
 Richard w. Thompson, Of Indiana. It passed
 the senate by the bare majority of but single | vote-yeas 24, nays 23 Among i.S most ac- l tive supporters were such mon as Richard IL Bayard, James Buchanan, Rufus Choate, John
 J. Crittenden, William L. Dayton anl Silas 1 Wright This law raised the country from the dcpths of financial deprivation and distress 10 | a condition of confidence and prosperity such as 1t had not known since the repeal of tho tar ih Of l8e8. So well recognized was this fact,
 and so widely popular was the now law, that iu
 tho presidential election of lS44, the democrats
 in the close northern states were as earnest ! and outspokcn advocates of protective tariff as the supporters of Mr..Clay. Their candidate for
 the presidency, MT. Polk. to be sure, had voted | against protective measures in congress, but on | the other hand, their candidate for vice presi. dent George M. Dallas, had been a most ! pronounced supporter of them. Large | ly through the influence Of Mir. Dallas
 and his friends, Pennsylvania was kept | in tho democratic column and the election of 1 Polk assured But that once accomplished Mir. Polk called into his cabinet, as secretary of tho | treasury, Robert J. Walker, well-known free | trader then senator from Mississippi Mir. | Walker at once assailed the protective law | given to the country by the whig congress, and | with Mir Folks active assistance not only se- | cured its repeal but the enactment of the free trade Jaw of 19i6. This was not done, how | ever, without disagreement in tho cabinet and | a heated contest in congress. The vote of
 the house on July 3, lSiG, resulted yeas IA, nays 05 Of those voting in the negative 2l
 were from the south. including such leaders l as Garrett Davis, of Kentucky; Meridith F.
 Gentry, of Tennesseo; James Graham, of North | Carolina; John s Pendleton, of Virginia, and | Robert Toombs and Alexander II. Stephens, of | Georgia These able men joined heartily with | such prominent and no less distinguished polit-
 ical leaders of the north as John Quin-
 cy Adams, George Ashmun and Robert | C. Winthrop, of Massachusetts; Charles
 J. Ingerson and James Black, of Penn | sylvania; Jacob Collamer, of Vermont;
 Caleb D smith, of Indiana; Washington Hunt, | of New York, and Columbus Delano, Robert c. | Schenck, Joshua R Giddlngs, Samuel F. Vim
 ton and Joseph Vance, Of Ohio, in every effort
 to rctard and defeat the pending bill.
 In the senate the contest IS still more mem- | orable Vice President Dallas proved recre-
 ant to his oft-expressed convictions and gave