davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27
SENSIBLE BLACKS.
a labama Negroes Resolve to Work Out
Their Own Salyation.

Montgomery. Ala February 21.-About
six hundred black belt negro farmers came
together today in the third annual Tushe-
Booker 7. Washington, of the Tuskesee
Normal and Industrial institute, presided.
Many distinguished people Were present
of regret were received from such men as
G. i. Huntington, Or. Lyman Abbott and
Bishop Potter, of New York city; Robert {,
Winthrop, of Philadelphia. and President
The most of the people We're from the
counties where the negroes are in the ma
jority but nearly every portion OF Ala
bama and many other southern states We're
The farmers occupied the time of the
conference and gave, in their own way,
an account of their condition and what
they hoped TO do in view of it. They spent
no time in looking to the past or in fault
finding, but agreed that the thing for
them to do was to lend every energy i'll
receiving education, property and practical
religion. They resolved to lengthen their
schools by subscription. to provide better
teachers and schoolhouses ana to get their
best educated men and women to come
ly in the cities. They admitted the almost
universal mortgage system and the evil
influence of the One-rOom cabin, but they
said great changes for the better had been
ferences, and they expressed their pur-
pose to go home and buy land, raise their
own food, work winters as well as sum
mers, practice economy and cultivate the
good will of their wl.ite enghborS. Great
plainness was used in speaking of their
moral and religious condition and all agreed
to draw sharp lines between the Virtuous
and the immoral, to tolerate no wrong do
ing on the part of leaders, especially minis
ters and teachers. A large number OF
women held a meeting of their own.
Many noted southern educators are pres
ent who will hold conference tomor-
row.
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27

"thar's my wife, who are named Snsan'
an thar's my son-in-law. Bob and his Wi1e
what lives over on ter fur side of ter Wooos'
and thar's by darter, Silvey, and her chill
uns, and thar's my brats out thar when are
six more, and then thar's myself VINO are
William Henry Simson, called Bill Simson
fer Short
After delivering himself in this manner
the clayeater rallied forth to snatch one
of his brats in out of the rain.
One thing is certain, however squalld ana
wratched these unfortunate mortals may be,
there is always on hand a bountlful supply
of children, and they follow fast In the 1oot-
steps of their fathers.
Numerous efforts at different times nave
been made to better the condition or the
clayeaters. Preachers of every denomination
have tried their skill at turning them from
the error of their way, but to all appear
ances they have wasted their ammunition
They are barbarians still, and they die as
they have lived in the midst of the deepest
sqaulor and misery. unWept, unmoaned, un-
loved.
Think Of it! With all the luxuries and
enligh tenment of the nineteenth century
about them living almost in sight of one
of Georgias most thriving cities, watching
6aily the trains speeding on to the pusy
marts while the wires above their heads
flash the happenings of the world, THESE
beings human like ourselves, are living
the lives of forlorn animals, with no pleas
ant recollections of the past no happiness
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27

.-Space below. First line. 3-First space 4
second line. 5-Second space. 6-Ihrd
line. third space. S-Eourth line y
Fourth space 10 Fifth line l2-Space above
and not to offer unto the Lord the halt
and lame, but 10 cultivate the voice that
thev MAY sing to edliicGtion, and not to be
an annoyance to every one near them.
For seventy years or more, until l6.c, the
singing school uourishcd and the singing
master with It. The system used was ate
.gofher n system that had been the out
growth OF the singing masters efforts TO
make it easier for the pupil 10 be taught
vocal music in the shortest time possible.
Professor 3. f. " hite was for long time
a singing master, and after Swing the SIT
uation much study, he devised. or invented.
what is known as the lour-n0te, or square
note. or shaped rctc. The Sacred Harp
singing book was a book Of sacred songs
ON the four-note system. Thus, the square
purely local. but it had its warm advo-
Gates and was not slow to spread over
many southern states. The round note
,HIl@ into The 81 &ing school, brought
by a sturdy professor OF vocal music, and
araPpled with thr square note. until II had
fairly substituted itself. After this there
came, whether as compromise or what
not, the seven-note, often called the char
acter note. This last, the character note,
was also the work Of Georgian Editor
Pounds Of The GAINESVILLE Gazette.
Something About the Singing school.
Enough Of preface has been said, and the
facts can be touched upon more il detail
When or Wbcrr the nrst singing schoo,
was held. depOu"nt saith not. bat N Geor-
gia it dates far back For many years it
was known as the singing school and as a
peculiar something developed about it it
became known the .'Old-time' singing
school. Thus the oId-time singing schoO
is first treated.
1t is true that The old-time singing schoo
was not only where the voice was expected
to so through certain maneuVers. under
the direction of a man who welded a tin-
ing fork and bore the title of singing mas
ter. but where amusement ana recreation
We're sought for and found. Usually the
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27
fl lzi|R,@'N7--EfF=
Z 9 p : * 8, ( X
FOUR NOTE AND SEVEN NOTE.

-, - - ~
srer asked a singing master where ne itEGC I'VE,
no on" seemed to care Ihere were oIliS lIS,
II sener5iEfrom me worlds STANDPOINT
These We're the annouucement that ne wa
tonin2. his 1FTINa" the singing sihooi i'h'
81 : "-3Hl'. .l''
Ihe Singing master was always q most
peculiar +i-l iiheh 'i humanity re WI ~
- '.,i anu t.,,,,, ~ +, rs mn
- H. ,.i,t.,,.,-'- ia io1-a and IN
- :il 5,t j,-e,.,-tf., ~ tha old
l(I - - ,..t ..i,i,, Severe 70 the
~. l5iss IA I'.,.t +, fbo mon His
-. ,,.+,,.,,,.., +iI ,iai9I,t e,,5iia,h what
= C-.il ,1i &C. ,,,..+3,,, hf',..jf tbaf he was
+5t+4 I,1t So, ',,5 tf,-,,t- rar,,i[- T., toatf
t;I'.,ir.l echoal He Ms nm Ich5bod crane
- " +I,,i,, fork ,z,;i,.b ,,-.,s his irsangra-
- '--,,'-...', J{-.,r t,s -sn,,f.,-g M, Scr
- - ,, ~ " - -. -, 80 iiJ ,ot
- - '',j j=s,,..,. .'0 afart th,t would
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27
THECLAYEATERS.
4 STRANGE COLONY IN MIDDLE
GEORGXA AND HOW THEY LIVE
They Feast Upon Lumps If Clay-A Glimpse
Into the Cabin of Ciayeater An In
terestinx Scene in Howell.

Scotsborough is a town of other days.
about five miles south of the thriving city
of Miledgeville.
1t crowns a succession of rolling hills and
overlookS vast extent of woodland. Upon
one side you can follow the Oconee WIND
ing it's way slowly through the valley De
low Now and then you can catch a
glimpse of it's waters glisteninS through the
tall trees which border it's banks. Upon the
other side the columns Of blue smoke curl
ing high above the horizon tell that the
city lies in that direction, and nearer sun
the imposing dome of thes tate lunatc asy-
lum rises to view
ScotsbCrough was old and gray before
Mlledgevile had DOTTED her swaddllng
clothes, in spite of that threadbare TRADITION
which tells how a committee from some
ancient legisI1ture was sent to lay off a
town in that part of the state, how that
Scotsborough was selected as the site. but
the festive legislators had fatal weakness
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27

note system: He was energetic ana ,l3asd 9uslI
ness-Iike in his ways. His coming, instead
of being transformations and matter oi
conjecture, was heralded weeks be1orenanu
so that every preparation might be made to
give all attention to singing school. Ana IL
not the same old school that he taught:
school became OF Necessity surroundeu
with more restrictions than that OF the
that he would teach so many pupils sc
many lessons for many dollars. His ses'
sions We're divided into two a day Ihls
change was viewed with dsfavor by those
who tolerated it, and there was fierce
minority against it, The new singing
schoo. was denounced as a direct lnroa.-
upon the custom that was nearly as oiu
and fully as familiar, as the red hills them
selves
But the storm was yet to burst!
What the square Note Is.
The souere note system is known under
severa names. by some it is called tht
fournote system. by others designated the t
b. +. White system; again it is called ,.,nit tns
shape note system, but it was better KNOW
as the ia, sol, la system.
There were four shapes to the hotes7
triangular. in the shape of a right ansie
triangle; square, shamond-shaped an'
round. These four notes were supposed to
make the learning of music less uli!cuit
Muse. when written in these characters
took its value. or sound. not only from tht
POSITION but from the shape OF the noie
The position did not alter the name or ;,ia sig
nicance each note held. This system was
advocated because it supposed to be
easier to learn, though the effort to memo
rize them thoroughly occupied no near
time.
Professor B. f. White, who has alread,
been quoted. has ways been looked upoI
as at least the perfector of this system
and his book has been in use for many
years In fact. it a local mannerism
or dialect. in music This was. it is
Gerstood the old time singing school sys-
TEN also
"Do, Re, Mi' Enter the Field.
When the professor of vocal music came
on he brought with him the round note
which, | understand it, is sometimes
called the Gregoran note, and was invented
IN the eleventh century. Before the myS-
teries of profundi and staccato, quavcr ant
dem-Semi-quaVer were entrusted to the
pupil all the underlying principles of music
We're to be imbibed. The pupil had to un-
derstand what he was after and then &c
about it in a dtsagreeably systematic way
The professor up in his business anC
he used nothing but d tuning fork
instrument, it was the latest style, and he
f0uld 0g,nsaf easily play upon almost any
n9tire But the round note
which is now in vogue all over the state,
save in those little settlements referred to.
needs no description illustration. With
the round notes the value of every note
was to be taken according to the position
1t occupied upon the staff.
Round Vote Versus square Note.
These. then, are the two hostile Quanti-
ties, brt one was young and aggressive and
the other was aged, though by 10 means
feeble.
1t is undoubtedly true that there had
been, even before the innovation of the pro-
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27

4 ATOonshine E>taI,iiSiltncnt IN East
Tennessee That '"nnot H" ''"''"'.
Knoxville Tenn. February 20-(Specal.)-
Whenever a new deputy enters the revenue
service in this section of Tennessee, he IS
generally assigned to the task OF arreSlluS
Madame Betsy Brewer, who, as is wen
known to all of the revenue officials ABOUT
here runs a jug house in open defiance on
the laws. The assignment seems d SlfHpie
one, ana the unsOphisticated deputy mas no
suspicion of the work cut out for him, as
it is easy to find the place and Madame
Betsy may always be found at home.
The question is not in arrestinS her but
in bringing her to justice The Brewer
cabin is situated at some distance OIL the
road in a most inaccessible part OF Inc
mountain. TO approach it it is necessary
to dsmount and walk for considerable
distance over a rough bride path. And
herein lies the rub. Madame Betsy weighs
$50 pounds and is almost helpless, lying as
she does on her cabin bed all the time.
AS she cannot escape, her arrest can be
easily accomplished, but it is absolutely i'm
possible to bring the prisoner away 10
do so it would require a sk!ful engineer,
several months of road building, rail-
road and a derrick. So Mrs. Brewer pur-
sues her chosen occupation serenely, dis
pensing the forbidden juice from a Jug
kept at her bedside. and all the young dep"
uty marShalS who are taken into the rcNe-
nue. service in this section are :!Ven as an
initatory assignment the arrest Of Madame
Betsy Brewer. Nothing can ever accom-
plish her being brought to trial but Il rail-
road through an inaccessible part of the
mountains or copous doses Of anti-fat, and
II is not probable that either of these two
means will be employed by Uncle Sam to
accomplish the ends Of justice.
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27
OLD-TIME MUSIC.
THERE WASA TIME WHEN g GEORGIA
RRD HEkOWD SYSTEX
tOf Notes in Vocal aIysic-Decline of the Ante
Bellum Singing school. Touched Upon
Round Notes Square Notes.

During all it's historical years-from the
revolutionary days through the clVH war;
In reconstruction tirneS-the south mas heNer
had a more interesting struggle wlthin ltS
borders than that between the round note
and the square note. The particular Held
of this musical strife, with its many uiS-
cords. was the old-time singing school.
This epoch is one of intense interest," re-
garded from no matter what STANDPOINT
and undoubtedly involved the decline ana
the nearly complete downfall OF the oiu-
time singing school. In Georgia, more par
ticularIy than i'll any other state, perhaps
is the custom of holding singing schoolS
time -honored and the struggle, Whlle not
cutwardly fierce, was deep-seated ana oItcn
had the most deplorablG effects, bioodaaed
having resulted in one instance through
the discussion of the relative merits OF the
round and square notes.
To illustrate this sentiment IN regard TO
the old-time singing school, | quote a por-
ton OF the introduction written in lSll. by
Professor Is. f. White, to his sacred
Harp singing book. 1t reads:
"A singing school should be of the same
character as a Sabbath school or a Bible
class: it is in part, of the same class Of
school, and should be conducted with the
same soemnities. The gift OF talent to
sing implies an obligation to improve it,
H,,tP
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27
REDUCE THE ACREAGE.
Alabama's Farmers Vote to Cut 1t
Down One-Fifth.

Birmingham, Ala, February 23.-(Special0
The farmers institute of Alabama, which
has been in session here for TWO days,
passed a resolution that the overproduction
of cotton being in their opinion the cause
of the low price of that staple, which is
now less than the average cost of produc-
ton in Alabama, it is to the interest of the
planters that the acreage OF last season
be reduced one-fifth and the said 20 per
cent of acreage De planted in crops that
will supply home consumption demands.
resolution inviting farmer immigration
and assuring immigrants of good fellow
ship was also passed.
In Minnesota a decree was given to the
wife because the defendant never cuts
his toenails, and. being restless in his sleep,
scratch this plaintiff SeVerelV'
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27

A New Ruling the Law by South
Caroiinn'S Supreme Court.

Columbia s c., February 2o-(Special.)--
Chaingangs are unconstitutional in this
state SO says the supreme court in a de
cision filed today. The case comes from
Charleston, where a prisoner was put on the
chafngang for thirty days. An appeal was
taken on the ground that the punishment
was not legal except upon conviction by
Jury Of twelve and that a sentence 10 work
in the chaingang is void in law. The SUI
preme court holds that jury under twelve
is constitutional, but that the sentence to
work on the chaingang is null and void on
the ground that this additional imposition
to fine or Imprisonment exceeds the limit
prescribed by the constitution. Justice Pope
concurs concerning jury trial ana dlssents
as TO chaineang work, holding that tne
word Imprisonment should include employ
,,1apr during iT1priSOnmcnt.
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27
A REVENUE PUZZLE.

in the present and no hope for the future.
ALFRED G.. NEWELL.
The Atlanta constitution., 1894-02-27

,-Snace below. 2-First line. 3-Frst space
second line 5-Sccond space. 6-Thrd
line Third space. S-Fourth line. =
Fourth space 0-tltth line l3-Space ABOVE
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1894-05-10


Judging from reports in various
parts of the, State Burlington is not the
only town in Vermont that is support
ing a temporary population in the
form of gypsies. The Woodstock
Spirit of the Age tells the following
experience in Quechee: "The first
gang took quarters in the Cong1 horse
sheds and helped themselves, without
the formality of obtaining leave. to
hay from neighboring barn. They
were "A little too brazen-faced and We're
driven from the village. Other tribes
came and the timid among the people
have had cause for excitement.
Burglars recently entered the residence
of f. ;. Hewitt, Esq. through Win
dow which they raised by means of a
Jimmy. Mr.. Bragg heard the noise
and installing it for his children, cried
out, calling them by name. This
frightened the scamps off before they
had an opportunity for securing plum
der. The residence of Mr.. Gowing.
near Mr.. Hewitt's. was also visited by
the thieves, and it is reported that
lady of Mr.. Gowing's household dis
charged a revolver at them. thus fright
ening them away. 1t is reported that
they also called at one or two other
residences, but there were again I'M
fortunate so far as the obtaining of
booty was concerned"
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1894-05-10
Hoods Cures.

In saying that Hoods Sarsaparilla cures,
its proprietors make no idle or eXtraya =
CANT claim. The advertising OF Hoods
Sarsaparilla is always within the bounds
of reason, because it is true; it always APP
peals to the sober common sense OF think
ing people, and il is always fully substan-
tiated by endorsements which. in the H.
nancial world, would be accepted without
a moments hesitation.
Read the testimonials published in be-
half Of Hoods Sarsaparilla, all from re-
liable, grateful people. They tell the
story. Hoods Sarsaparilla cures.
BUCKLEN'S ARNICA SALVE.-The
best salve in the world for cuts, bruises, sores,
ulcers, salt rheum, fever sores, letter. chapped
hands, chilblains, corns and all skin eruptions
and positively cures piles or no pay required.
Ii is guaranteed to give full satisfaction. or
money refunded. Price 25 cents ne rbox.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1894-05-10

Owing to the typhoid fever o,.;3
Z l'... y y inasor' Judge i Il. sWheeia.
mas adjourned the coming session !,
the United States Circuit court Ill.,. y
TO june -. 'iiefe
Examination i 10 into the complain,
charging ;. Thomas Woodwork ''i ~
;. Patten and one Millet witb II.
spiraey to cheat and defraud Waro o,,'
w Bailey Of Newbury. VI an -. i,
30, go feet Of lun b +, was TO-DAY y
gun IN the municipal court Of Bos,o,
before Chief Justice Pai1nenter 0 a1'i
let some days ago waived examina
ton and was held for the snno, i'a'
court and 50 he was not directly a ~
eerned in this hearing. eoi''
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1894-05-10

Hon. Justus Dart of Springfield
will accept an urgenteali 10 be super
intendent of schools in Massachusetts,,
a position similar TO the one he was
Obliged TO give up few years ago on
account of poor health.
DIR. j. ;. Dodge Of Lincoln was re-
Gently arrested for cruelty 10 animals
in having his cattle dehofned. He APP
pealed his ease To the county court,
where il will probably be settled
whether dehorning is such cruelty as
the law Furnishes. Ex-Judge VIII
liams of Monkton, president of the
Vermont Humane society, was the
complainant.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1894-05-10

\ Brattleboro correspondent writes;
"Elliot F.Swan Of Spencer, who drove
stage with his partner. Mr.. Bemis, be-
tween Brattlcboro and Worcester in
the 40's,was in Brattlcboro on his way
to TOWNSEND to settle the loss on his
house which was burned in Thurs
days fire. The old stage proprietor
was warmly received by some Of his
old associates. among them Town
Clerk W. ;. Newton, whom lac had
not seen in 40 years.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1894-05-10

Work Of rebuilding la, already be-
gun on the burned district in Towns
bend. MIR. Coombs was the first TO
start on the erection Of two-story
store building for his son-n-law, W.
5. Holland. The seminary and Bap-
fist church will be rebuilt, and, prob
ably. new hotel will be put up
about on the site of the old one
Courier Democrat., 1894-03-29

Three and a half miles west of Aldie
Louloun county, Va, is the locally ia
nous "black swamp" and q strange
story has been current thereabouts fol
the better part Of this century. Jesse
McVeigh lived long ago in an old stone
house on the edge of the swamp, and
there came to him once q stranger ask.
ing shelter. The stranger was taken
in and he lived there for five years
He never went beyond the pond fol
exercise, and he took elaborate precau
tions at night to guard against sur.
prise. When he died a stranger from
q neighboring village came and claimed
the body, processing to claim the deaG
man as an acquaintance The stranger
who claimed the body was the deae
mans son, and he afterwards became
chief Justice of the United States su
preme court. The father, wealthy
and well educated Marylander, but a
man Of ungovernable temper, had slaip
q guest ut his own table by breaking
his skull with q decanter. The homi
clde's place Of hiding was scarcely moro
than fifty miles from the scene Of his
OriMe.
Courier Democrat., 1894-03-29
I'm pOrtunt Iuu.l Case

Washington. March 23-Thc secretary
OF the interior to-day decided IN i'm
pcrtant land case at Pierre. There were
four parties to it, their claims conflicting
with each other. 1t is. entitled 7. K
Connor and S. s. Clough VS.. d. G. Ballon
and w. J. Ncwson. The land in question
Is portions of sections 8 and 8, township
., range 81, and it lies very close to the
city OF Pierre. Clough is president Of
Two banking concerns in Pierre and has
other extensive business interests. Con-
nor m IS a clerk in clothing house in
rietre. The local land office decided in
their favor and the commissioner of the
general land Office confirmed it, but the
secretary decides that they never estab-
nshed residence in any sense Of the
word' but We're endeavoring to hold the
land Tor speculative purpose. He re-
verses verses the lowe: Office and gives the con-
test to Ballon and Ncwson. who w"ro
actc'' homestead farmers.
Courier Democrat., 1894-03-29

All authorities agree in stating that
the ancient inhabitants of Ireland must
have been very familiar with gold and
well accustomed to its use. Native gold
occu.; in geological deposits in many
parts Of ireland. Until lately the gold
mines Of Wicklow were the most pro.
ductive Of the British Isles, and besides
this there are six other known gold
producing localities-Antrim, Derry, Ty.
rome, Kildare, Dublin and Wexford.
1t Is probable, however, that many of
the earliest auriferous deposits have
been worked out or are unknown. It
Is fact that no country in Europe pos
sesses as much manufactured gold be-
longing to early ages as Ireland. In
the museum of the Royal Irish academy
alone there are nearly 400 specimens
of Irish gold antiques. The gold an
tiquities in the British museum illustra
tive of British history, are, without ex
cepton, Irish. The museum of Trinity
college, Dublin, contains many fine ex
amples, and there are several large pri
vate collections. But there is no doub.
that much greater quantities of goll
ornament than are now known as ex
listing have been lost forever,