The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1894-08-26
CHINA AND HER ARMIES.
CONTINUED from seventh page)

might use a night-stick ~
The fourth class cCnprifes TIE soin',
by Fun opcans. They are more numerous
than IS popularity supposed. bp 10 ~,
TAPPING rebellion EW cpean tacucs anu
warcraft We're either unknown or des-
pissed by the literau of the Flowery Ehi-
lire. The remarkable success q, g.
Gordon and his corps OF British ana
American free lances called attention.
even from the seepiest mandarin 10 the |
superiority Of Christian modes Of war
fare he impression then made mas
never been forgotten and has borne trult
in many fields. European oihctrs nave |
been acting as teachers TO the ra" le-
vies Of China ever since. In the rebel |
lion AT least 100000 men were drilled 10 |
n greater or less extent. and OF these |
= ,tuarter still survive who can do MIL |
itary service The European teachers in |
tho past twenty years have uained tho
sands more who can 90 through the !
manuel OF arms as vel as any c"reS-
pondlng body OF men in Europe.
This movement has not been genera
one. II represents the er ergy ana pro-
gressiye tendencies Of only a few OF me
great leaders Of the empire. In the north
the Premier, Ii Hung Chang. has done
his utmost TO develop the military
strength OF his country At the present
time he has IN army OF 20'@o men, drlil.
ed and equipped acfcording 70 tht latest
ideas In warfare. TIE veterans. VINO
once served him number at least l"Uo.
and could readily be. marshalled into
Tang was a worthy rival Of the pre-
mier. He also organized an army upon
European methods, and when called
upon in 1874 to recover the. province OF
Kuldja he took the field with $1,000 we'll
equipped and Well-drilled troops. After
a victorious campaign he returned 70
his headquarters at Marking. But lttle
has been heard Of his forces since that
time. His school and arsenal at Foo
chow are still prospering as IL Is sald
are also his military academies at Nan
king and In SZe-Chuan. In the north his
men are equipped with Remington rifles
and krupp and Armstrong artillery IN
FOochow they have advanced as far as
repeating and magazine guns. ~.
Ming Chang had all his forces thor,
cuehly trained by the best British and
German tncticlans. They We're so eX-
pert that I'm the last war with France
they gave the tricolor an ignominious
thrashlng Mt Tsnnsui. Though the Gov
ernor's forces on paper have been re-
| ported as high as 5000 II may be ques-
| toned II he ever had under arms at any
| one time over 1000 troops. for Tamsui
| has as deadly 4 climate as Panama. IL
| Han Chang. NicerOy Of Quangtung ana
| brother Of III Hung Chang, the Premier
| mas done good york in the same nc!d.
! He has an army and navy In south China
and manages both with rare ability Tor
| n Chinese official. His soldiers serve
| limited terms, and as fast as their term
| expires their places are flled with raw
| recruits. At Whampoe. near Canton.
| he has a large and fOrishng naval ana
| military college where the best native
| ana foreign talent is employed In the
| faculty. The progress made is shown by
| the fact that many Of the graduates have
| done special work for the Niceroy slch
| as the manufacture Of corlite and other
/ new explosives. the ANALYSIS Of complex
| organic compounds. ana the planning
| Of forts mines and men-Of-war, In whlCh
| they displayed ability ana scientific
! knowledge.
Tho other prominent leaders of the
| Chinese nation are very much Ike their
| parents and grandparents before them;
| arOxant. self-Satisned. conservative. ana
| antiQuated They Jock with unspeak-
| able contempt upon the foreign devil,
| and actually believe that regiment OF
| braves equipped with spears, banners,
| and tOmtOms Is more than match for
| n European army supplied with maya
| zine rifles and Maxim guns.
| The four ella sses described make M the
! fighting material from which John China
| nan must draw his armies. They are an
| urorgar lied force Not only Is there no
| general organization of these mllllons
| Of potential warriors, but mere Is 10
| wlv e bringing them together no CEN
| ual rendezvous or headquarters where
they can meet. no national depot or arms
or equipments for them 10 draw from
and no cOmmlsariat 70 provide TOT tnrir
physical wants In the event or their
| assembling.
The real army Of China Is compare
lively o srall and insignificant power
4 late return from the eighteen provin-
| COS published in the Shen-pO, n lcadlnS
| Chinese newspaper. places the n,lnner
! OF the troops in actual service. incluh1n,
! sick men. men on leave, detalls, anu
| soldiers on garrison and frontier duty
AT $4,000 men. The Kwang-pao, the
| leading Chinese newspaper IN taf ION
| disputes these figures, saying mat tney
| are the same as have annually appeared
| for twenty years ana that the actual
| number Of men under arms or all sorts
| in the eighteen provinces Is ABOUT oo'VtDo
| OF this army whatever II ay be as
! actual number. not more than io,We nave
received European training ana 10,
more than Go.O)0 are armed and equipped
I'm proper fashion. OF the remainder
! rOD0 are armed with Springfield mus
| krts nj ZZle-lOading rifles. wofn-ou'
| Remingtcns. condemned Nmchtsteis
second and third hand Martini Henrys
| ana the cast of weapons of European
| and American armies.
The rest Of the force. whether II "
100 or 10000 men. are armed win mhtth
| locks nint-and-steel guns. blunderDuSses
8 cncals. bows and arrows. spears poe
axes pitchfOrks. tridents morgensteFH~
nails. battle axes, long swords an'
shields \ large and bulky portion %
their armament consists Of nags, pan
rers. placadds, gongs .cymbais' tom
toms. drums. grotesque helmets, masks
| and properties such as are seen IN ives
: | tern countries only IN tht stihds pan
- | t0mimes These are an organic part @
S Chinese equipment, and are used q
| frighten the Zoe.
when it comes TO marching cross-coun
try. the progress of a Chinese arm.
borders upon the ridichouS. ne Htm ,,,,
| al and the staff officers 90 IN heaV'
{ | sedan chairs, carried by four SIX,
eight coolies. The chair Is we'll furnishe.
I | and allows IFS occupant 10 sleep ana ear
e | read and write. II moves at me rate o
| four miles an hour I'm smooth couhtf
, | and two or three in rough heh ~
/ ! General goes an astrologcr, whose dut
, Is 10 point out lucky days for MARCHING
/ and unluclty days, when devotional tx
% | ercises are necessary 20 ware on nalls
p | irHuf S-tO indicate where mats shohi
D | no made. rests taken, and dciues an
a | dcmigCds recognized. His supernatuia
1 nnwe,s 20 SO far that he predicts ~
p places at which bis eupioyer MY i.y.,, =
q | taken ambush. ut which recohholt.tih
p norties should be sent ahead. and q
- Yfich battle would result DISASTROUS
| Under such auspices the movement OK a
- army IS often like that of snall.
s. In 1901 there was an instruction ]
Z | Tokien. about eighty miles from roo
/. | rb1w General and regiment starte
I C,,t rom lie city 20 suppress II, an
D ronsnr,ed ten DAYS IN reaching the seen
Il ~ rostilities. This far from being q
p. evcopti0nal case, Is a fair example
D me gererai II management OF large bool,
4 | ~ mon in China, no matter whether
l. The cold provinces Of Mangolla "r II
h nor mi1smatic lands Of Ton-Wan.
, Tho evils described are bad cnoug
n hnt taken together they are tnsigniical
T. conpared with the corruption end pee
e. fatfon which runs through military .
t az we'll as official life. Excepting u
l. small army under the personal genera
y shin Of Ii Hung CT ang, there IL not
$ branch OF the curyice ncr comm1n
'r however small, but "hat Is uhoetIa ~
IS ed and r. item with dishonesty. II
" | ..f*f,,, - rTftaf which IL admiral al