The morning call., 1894-06-24


is obliged 10 write 10 distant points for the in
formation asked. Letters that do not bear the
name and address of the writer will not be an
sWered. The name Is not desired for publica
tion, but 10 enable the Query Editor 10 CORE
spOnd with the writer in case question, as
often occurs, is nOE clearly staIed.l
To SECURE COPYRIGHT - E. B. Z. and
PateIfamillaS. San Francisco and Oakland.
The revised statutes of the United States as
amended by the act of March 3. 1891, provide
that the author, inventor. designer. or prOprle-
tor OF any book, map, chart, dramatic or musl-
cal composition, engraving, cut, print or pho
tograph, or negative therefore, or of painting.
drawing, chrome, statuary. and of models or
designs intended TO be perfected as works Of
the tne arts, and the executors, adminstrl tors
or assigns of such persons, shall. upon com
plying with The provisions OF the law, nave the
sole liberty OF printing. reprinting. publishing.
completing, copying, executing, finishing and
vending the same; and in case OF a dramatic
composition, Of publicly performing repre-
Sentlng II, or causing 1t to be performed or
represented by others. Authors or their assigns
shall have exclusive right to dramatlZe or
translate any Of their works for which copy
right shall have been obtained under the laws
OF the United States. a printed copy of the
title OF the book, map. chart, dramatic or musi-
cal composition, engraving, cut. print. photo
graph or chrome, or description of the paint
ing, statue, statuary or model, or design for
work OF the fine arts for which copyright is
desired, must be delivered TO the librarian
OF Congress. or deposited in the mail,
within the United States. prepaid, ad-
dressed, Librarian of Congress, Washington,
ID. C." This must be done on or before the day
OF publication in this or any foreign country.
The printed title required may be copy of the
tiIle page OF snch publications as have title
pages. In other cases the titles must be printed
expressly for copyright entry, with name Of
Claimant OF copyright. The style of type is I'M
material, and the print of a typewriter VIII be
accepted. But separate title Is required for
each entry, and each title must be printed on
paper as large as commercial note. The title
OF periodical must include the date and num-
Der, and each number OF periodical requires
sepaIat entry of copyright. The legal fee
Tor recording each copyright Is 80 cents and
for copy of this record (or certificate of copy
right under seal OF the Offce) an additional fee
OF 90 cenls is required. This makes fee of
81 II certlhcate is requirt d, and this will be
mailed as soon as is reached in the records. In
case the person making application for copy
right Is not citizen or resident OF the United
States, the fee for recording the title is 81 and
the fee for copy Is 30 cents Not later Than
the day OF publication in this country or
abroad, two complete copies Of the best edition
OF each book or other article must be
delivered or deposited IN the mail addressed TO
the Librarian of Congress 10 perfect the copy.
right The freight or postage must be prepaid
or the publications incOsed in parcels covered
Dy printed penalty labels, furnished by the
Librarian, IN which case they Will come free by
mall mot express) without limit of weight, ac-
cording 10 rulings Of The POStoflice Department.
Books must be printed from type set or plates
made IN The Unlled States photographs from
negatives made In the United States, chromos
and autographs from drawings on stone or
transfers tDeTelT0m made In The United States.
without the deposit OF copies detailed the
copyright Is void and penalty of S25 is in
CURED. No copy is required 10 be deposited
elsewhere. Ihe law also requires that one
copy OF each new edition wherein any sUbstan-
tial changes are made shall be deposited with
the Librarian. an, No copyright Is valid unless 1t
appears on The title rage or the page following
of book or on some portion OF the other
articles mentioned. To use the word "coDy-
righted" without having obtained a copyright
Is punishable by fne of 500.
GYPsUM-S., Santa Cruz.-The latest pub
llshed reports show that during the calendar
year 1891 the production Of gypsum IN the
United States was 208, 126 short tons, valued
at S62S,051. Gypsum is a mineral, consisting
essentially of sulphate OF lime and water, the
proportion being. lime, 1886; sulphurc acid,
46.51; water, 20.93. Ii is very widely dlffused,
occurs In great abundance i'll many parts of the
world and is found In rocks and strata geo
logically very different as IN transition rock
In secondary and tertiary formations. II oc-
ours often in nests or kidney-shaped masses In
clay and mari. The origin OF the great masses
and strata OF this mineral has been the subj ject
OF much discussion by scientific men. Some
have held that 1t was produced by the action Of
wafer from acid springs upon strata of lime
stone. But this Is disputed by others, who
claim that many OF the largest deposits were
formed by the evaporation of salt water during
the ages when the bulk Of the globe was sub.
merged. The water contained In gypsum is
driven out by heat of 272 degrees Fahrenheit
and then IL Is easily reduced TO a powder which
Is known lD the commercial world as plaster OF
paris, and used for making casts cornices and
cementing marble. When plaster Of paris is
mixed with glue IL forms the stuccO. sucn as
was used IN ornamentiDg many OF the buildings
at the Mldwinter Fair. UnDurned gypsum is
used fertilizer of the soil, but the effect Is
not uniform. In some cases 1t produces an i'm
mediate and marked result, but in others IL
does not produc- any appre ciable effect. Gyp-
sum supplies lime and sulphuric acid to plants,
but large proportion Of soils contain these
elements In SUFFICIENT quantities for ordinary
crops. The principal valueof gypsum Is Its power
TO retain as well absorb ammonia and form salt
that Is not volatile but readily soluble which
by the action or moisture, rain irrigation is
carried TO the roots of plants. 1t is sometimes
very efficient when applied 10 worn SOILS but Il
Will be an injury 10 the land IL used without
manure. When spread over the manure hean
gypsum prevents the escape of ammonia and
acts as disinfectaDL. Ii Is valuable for scat
teTing in stables IN warm weather ana IS
peclaIiy so Tor sowing on stable manure which
has been spread on grass land. Its often used
either alone or mixed with ashes, as fertilizer
In the hills for potatoes and corn It is also
sDrinkled on the plants after second hoeing
IL Is often used on young cucumber and squash
plants, acting as a fertilizer and q protection
against insects. Satin spar is a beautiful
nbrOus variety OF gypsum, exhibiting a fine
play or light and employed for neck aces inlaid
work and other ornamental purposes, but il
has one fault, and that is that IL is easily
scratched The marker value of gypsum In San
francisco ls Sl2 ton In carload lots or S13 In
ton lois. Land on which gypsum is found
would come under the head of mineral land.
GEORGE KENNAN-A. F., Berkeley, Cal
George KeDDan is a well-known traveller who
was born in Norwalk, Huron County, Ohio,
February 16. 1845. After receiving a common
school education in his native town he de-
voted his attention to telegraphy and then
went 10 Cincinnati, where for time he was in
the oDerating-roOm OF the Western Union. He
worked his way up and In 1864 was promoted
To the position OF chief operator. In 1865 he
acquired taste for travel and exploration and
IL came about in this way. He entered the
service of the Russo-American Telegraph Com
pany and spent three years In locating route
ana constructing line between the OKhotsk
sea ana BeTlng Straits In Siberia. Being a
very close observer he made many notes of
what he saw while on that expedition, and the
knowledge thus acquired served him later on.
In lS1O-71 he went on an exploring tour in
Russia and his descriptions attracted great
deal OF attention. In 1886 he again went to
Russia and there explored tile Russian Altal
ana visited the prisons and mines IN Siberia
aud Northern Russia, The result OF his Obser-
vatIuns. presented In a most graphic manner
and Iully illustrated. appeared in serial form
In the Century. These articles were OF such
character exposing the horrors Of the prison
and exile system, that the Russian Govern
ment ordered The circulation or The articles
suppressed In the Russian Empire. The maya
zine was allowed TO circulate, but the pages on
which kenn ms descriptive articles appeared
ernE Lot To- dswn.