davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-03-28
DRAMATIC SCENE IN COURT.

A Dying Woman's Sensational Evidsnoe
in Murder Case
FRESNO, Cal, March 27.-The testi-
mony yesterday in the second trial of
Richard S. Heath, charged with the
murder of Louis B. McWhirter, a
prominent Democratic politician of
this city, was most sensational.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
Part No. 5, ~'''' ,.s "''''
SPECIALLY
COMMANDMENTS
NUMBER,

Introducing our readers the amazing wonders OF the Grand
Canon of the Colorado its beetling battemcns and dizzy
craqs then conducts the reading tourist across the Utah
Desert On the route however, many inspiring views are
shown, through canons along vertical walls, by crystal
lakes over roaring streams under the deep shadows OF lofty
mountains and across the sandy plain to Salt Lake The
Wasatc range breaks into view with Mount Nebo standing
GUARD on the flank and Provo Falls sounding dapason OF
deafening turbulence the right. Now have history
of Great Salt Lake its scenery the melancholy incidents
and terrible tragedies enacted along its shores before Nor
nondom planted its banners in the Wasatch valley. Salt
Lake City, that jewel the brow of the desert is then pic
tured and described after which the tourist whrcd north
ward to Weber valley through Echo Canon and the Bad
Lands of Wyomng where wonder upon wonder is revealed
Most remarkably curious of natures freaks is the Devils
slide which presented in this number Of dmpseS OF
America and also it's associated mayes the Witch Roc
whose weird statues stare with derision at passing trains
through Echo valley. In the uncanny region are also
the Church Buttes Stimulating cathedras with lofty spires
and harmonious towers in which the chimes of
disturb the melancholy loneliness of the canon.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

annual report Of the board. For certain
years l have no reportR and have been
unable to obtain them. I give the stated
population for thirteen Of the twenty
years OF the period. and the division or
the population according TO color The
column OF figures on the left are those
reported by the Board OF Health, the
figures In the right are my own, and
based on the increase in the population
during the precssiing decade:
Population Estimate for Richmond, Ya.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
DF'ATHS PROM T1 IHDIII-f ~ f1It'
AND THE PERCENTAGE or SAME
TO THE TOTAL MORTALITY.
NOT ACCORDING TO SIZE.


For purpose Of comparison Of Richmond
with other cities | give below table
showing the typhoid mortality for twelve
European and American cities in which
table Richmond holds a rather less IA
vorable position than in any table thus
far presented. The data have been taken
at random. and are Of value only to show
that because city Is large there IS no
need Of its typhoid-feyer rate being large
I'm proportion. Thus the three large cities,
Berlin. London and Paris. have thu
lowest rate from typhod-fever 1t Is
matter Of much congratulation that the
mortality from this cause Is shown 10 be
on The decrease The relation Of typhoh-
fever 10 the water supply IS too well
known to- need being referred to here,
but / may be permitted 10 add that an
investigation Of the condition pertaining
To Richmonds death-rate would warrant
the assertion that the public water-suppiy
Of the city is Of a good quality. ana IN
no way responsible for the typhoid NOR
tality:
MORTALITY FROM TYPHOID-FENER
FOR LEADING AMERICAN AND
CITIES
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

AS will be seen by this table, there mas
been without exception a considerable
difference between the mortality, OF tne
two races and for the year 1881 the col
ored rate is more than double that OF the
white rate. But the most important ana
far-rcachng result Of this table IS the
established fact that the white mortality
has rarely exceeded - per 1000. and du-
ring the year 1893 had fallen TO the lowest
recc rded rate for twenty years. DEATH
rate OF only Isl per 1000 Is exceptionally
favorable for a city OF nearly o"O IN
habitants. and one which will bear IA
vorable comparison with the rate Tor
any city in the country Of similar size.
The health report Of Richmond Tor 1876
contains a table OF vital statistics OF
other cities. with death rates. based on
the estimated population. If We accept
these rates for the present purpose. and
compare the same with the white rate
Of Richmond, We have the following re-
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
THE RICHMOND DISPATCH-TUESDAY, JULY II. 1884,

have rates below the average oil 2S.f iof
the entire city. II, however. we sepaI.,te
the population OF each waru acSDrons
10 color and calculate on their population
the deatb-rate for 1890 we have the re-
suit In the following table. which l be-
,leve will be found Of exceptional value and
Interest to the people OF Richmond. want
of space and time forbid for the present
the calculation OF the mortality OF eacn
ward for any other year than 1880:
MORTALITY AND DEATH-RATESs,A AZ :,
cORDINC; TO COLOR By WARDS IN
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

Federal Census.
Municipal Census.
For years not included 10 tho table the reports
are not in my possession.
NOT A CORRECT BASIS.
1t will appear at a glance that the
| figures used by the Board OF Health
as a basis for the death-rate are out
| OF all harmony with the actual popu-
| lation as ascertaincd by the censuses in
| 1880 1888. and 1880. Thus. in 1874 the popu-
lation claimed was $500: in 1879 this
| claim had been increased to 5000:
| the census Of 1880 revealed the humii
| ating fact that the actual population
| In that year was only 63.597. In 1889
| a municipal census was taken and the
| population ascertained to be 709i5: but
| only a year afterward the estimated
population was raised TO 900. when
| in all probability it could not have eX
| ceeded 1900 In 1886 the population
estimated was increased TO "A round
| 10000 or an increase of $500 in only
two years This estimate was continued
until 1891. a year after the Federal
census bad been published. which re-
vealed the stil more humliating fact
that the actual population was only
little over 500, or about 21D
less than the Board Of Health esti-
mate. Now IL the population of 1890
was only $3.50 what must have been
the actual population In 1SS6 when the
estimate had been raised to llOeU?
Since 1880 the estimate has been &.c~,
which in all probability is consider
able below the actual present population.
It will be self-evident 10 any one
that a death-rate based on such popu-
la ton estimates cannot possibly he OF
any intrinsic value, and while no
absolute accuracy is claimed for the
geometrical estimate. it at least comes
nearer to the truth and is founded on
a rational basis instead Of gueSs-work.
All experience has demonstrated that
the geometrical estimate will fall but
little below the actual truth. This
method is at present employed by the
Registrar-General OF England and Wales,
the Imperial Health Department OF
Germany. the Director Of Italian sta
tIstics and by every sjatistcan OF
any consequence in either this country
or Europe.
THE PROPER ESTIMATE.
II We now calculate the so-called
death-rate on the basis Of the properly
estimated population as has been done
in the following table. We shall have
before us Il fair means Of judging OF
the health OF Richmond. and the
series OF years under observation will
enable us to ascertain whether the
healthfulness Of the city has improved
I'm recent wears.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
FALLING OFF IN FEVER

EAf.liNtr Ot r IN Nv En-
According to the table, Richmond again
holds n very favorable position. being pre-
coded only by four other cities. As Is wei
known zymotic diseases are classlned
those which medical science considers
prev.ntable. and due in the main TO gene
raj filth. unsanitary surroundings, anu
an impure water supply. The zymotic
death rate is by many considered the
test Of the healthfulness OF a city, ana a
reduction in the rate is considered one OF
the most important achievements OF a
board Of health. | regret that, due TO
the fact that ] do not possess complete
set Of the Richmond health reports. 1t Is
not possible for me 10 present COMPARE
tive table OF death due TO certain causes
for the twenty-fOur years since the Board
Of Health has been established. However.
for certain years / have tabulated the
returns. and present in the next table
the mortality due 10 typhod-fever, one oil
the most dreaded Of the class, calleh
zymotic diseases. The table Is for seven
different years. and shows that the per-
centage Of typhoid-feVer death has de-
creased from 2S per cent. In ls1 TO 20
per cent in 1899. being lowest in 1885. when
only 2 deaths occurred during the year
DEATHS FROM Err
AND THE PERCENTAGE or SAME
TO THE TOTAL MORTALITY.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

exactly the same teigh,y-nine) as the
number of deaths due to this cause re-
ported for 1897.
In the following table present COM
par,son Of the mortality due to zymouc
diseases for twelve Important cities OIL
similar population. To avoid too many
figures I only give the percentage OIL
zymotic deaths. to the total mortan,y.
In most instances the returns are Tor
Iss2. the reports for 1898 not yet being
available:
DEATHS FROM ZYMoTIC DISEASES.
Table showing the percentage or detths
due To zyfnotic diseases TO the total NOR
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893.
TWO LEADING CAUSES.

1t will be seen at once that to con-
sumption and pneumonia are due the
majority of deaths in Richmond. This,
however is the case for all other cities
and sections of this country II appears
that there was decrease In 1893 as com
pared with 1892, and the average for the
previous four years Pneumonia shows
an increase over lN. as well as over the
average FOR the four years 1892. On
examination OF the monthly returns for
1893 IT becomes clear that the increase was
due to the extreme winter Of 1912. "a
will be seen by the following statement
OF the mortality from pneumonia during
the first four months of 1892 and the same
neriOl for lsg3:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
THE THIRD LOWEST.

THE THIRD LOWEST.
AS will be seen by this table. Richmond
has the third lowest rate Of twelve lead
ing cities. being preceded only by To-
ledo, o.. and Worcester. Mass. In the
table for the coIored population the ratio
for Richmond Is the lowest for four
leading southern cities. A more favor
able rating could hardly be expected. and
the low percentage recorded speaks well
for the general health OF the population.
The deaths due TO consumption for the
white population for 1888 number only
nine more than they did In lS79. and are
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
Pulllnan's Employees.
Norfolk Landmark)

Norfolk Iandmdrk)
Mr.. Pullman states that the average
earning of his employees is about 500 per
annum.
Another fact OF public interest Is that
the Norfolk and Western railroad, for
example, has To pay Mr.. Pullman three
cents per mile, as We understand, for the
privilege of drawing his cars over that
road Yet they are a great public con-
yenience and comfort.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
THIS AND OTHER CITIES.

Familiar as we are with the extreme
severity Of the winter of 1929, II Will
appear rather surprising that the increase
in the number of deaths during those
months. and especially of deaths due to
pneumonia, has not been considerable
more But for our excellent climate the
effect of the winter of 1928 would
have been much worse. The question may
be asked as to how Richmond compares
with other cities of similar size as re-
CARDS the mortality due to consumption.
To make a fair comparison possible We
shall have TO compare the white rate
FOR Richmond and southern cities with
the total rate for northern cities, but 10
show the great difference between the
mortality of the two races due TO this
cause | have added to the following table
a supplementary table showing the negro
mortality due to the same cause for four
leading southern cities. The table which
follows gives for twelve cities OF similar
population the total mortality, the deaths
from consumption. and the percentage Of
the latter based on the total mortality:
MORTALITY FROM CONSUMPTION.
Daathg Per Cent
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
The 70 Photographs
No. of Glimpses OF America,
Include the following subjects:

Portion of Ancient Palace of Casa Grande; Bridal Nci
Shoshone Falls Freshet Falls of the Parunuweap; Twin
Lakes, Cottonwood Canon Black Rock Great Salt Lake
Line of Division between Utah and Colorado; The Temple
Salt Lake City; Provo Falls Bee Hive House Salt Lake
City, Double Circle near Eureka Utah; Brigham Young
Grave Castle Gate, Prices Canon; Josephine Falls Mount
Nebo, Wasatch Range Pulpit Rock, Weber Canon.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
TABLE SHOWING THE PERCENTAGE
OF DEATHS IN EACH WARD -
THE TOTAL MORTALITY OF THE

or course these figures would be value
less without a statement OF the proper
tionate population OF each ward and the
respective desth-rales. This has been
oone IN the next table. which states the
population, the deaths and the death
rate for the census year 1890:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
pICuNOXD STANDS THIRD.

Could more favorable rate d" aShtn
for? out Of fourteen leading clties i'i'n-
mond ranks third as regards hcai'hiu u
ness or leaving out the far western
cities. R.chmonds white population can
boast of "A lower death-rate than any oi
the eastern cities making a report To the
Richmond Health Office for lsh.
ON the other hand, comparison
with southern cities should be on
the bass Of total rates. and the
following little table will show that
Ricf,nond stands well compared win
southern cities. as well as with the large
cities Of the North:
~. .-.-.. 1 nm ~ tntal L.atimalo-n nnnu-
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
AND DEATH-RATE
WARDS FOR lsyO.

HIGHEST AND LOWEST.
According to this table. the highest rate
Is for Jackson Ward. known locally AZ
Africa" and the lowest rate b for Mon
roe. Monroe. Madison, and Clay wards
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

In this table Of five leading southern
cities Richmond ranks second as regards
healthfulness. Could much more favor
able position be asked for? Does 1t APP
pear lust and fair that the healthfulneHs
OF a city should be questioned that can
make a showing like the city or Rich-
mond in the calculations thus far pre-
scented? Yet there is a large array of
supplementary facts that could be brought
forward in support OF the assertions thus
far made. not only that Richmond Is a
healthy city but a healthier city at the
present time. with almost 5000 popula-
ton, than at any time during the past
twenty years. and. further. that Rich
mond can take rank as one Of the health
lest cities in the United States. and espe-
cialy IN the South.
PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH.
From a number of tables compiled from
the reports of the health officer (Which
reports / am glad to acknowledge are Of
exceptional statistical value in their com
pleteness Of detail and excellence of ar
rangemenu. / select few to show the
principal cause of death during recent
years. together with such supplementary
tables as may seem necessary 10 make
clear their meaning The following table
has been compiled from the annual re-
ports for the five years, 1sS,-'93 1t
shows the number Of deaths due to eight
principal causes. 4 comparison Of the
year tSeG with previous years VIII easily
be accomplished by means Of this table
showing the number Of
DEATHS FROM EIGHT PRINCIPAL DISEASES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR, PERIOD lss9-03
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
WHITE.
COLORED.

The most favorable rate Is reported Tor
the white population Of Monroe Ward.
being only AS per LOO OF the respective
white population. The cOlorcd ra,e for
this ward Is also the lowest Tor tue col
ored population of the city. being 2l.L
or about 80 per cent. In excess of the
white rate. The highest rate is reported
for Jackson Ward for both the white
and colored population. The high white
rate for Jackson Ward for 1880 IS
exceptional. and bears no comparison
with the white mortality Of the same ward
for other years To prove this assertion
/ have calculated the white population or
Jackson Ward on the same basis as the
general population of Richmond for the
years 1891, 1892, 1898, and basng the white
mortality on this estimated population.
we have the following result:
WHITE POPULATION AND NOR
TALITY OF JACKSON WARD, 1903:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

mated population for each race Tor all
years, except 1850 and 1889. whieh are
census years
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

Increase of 1893 over 1892. IS cases.
II we now compare the temperature for
the winter months OF 1912 with the win
ter months of 1920, We shall have
traced the cause OF the increase without
much trouble:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
SOME DREADED DISEASES.

Scarlet-fever is exceedingly rare In
Richmond, and needs no further or eX-
tended mention. In 1913 there was but
one case from this dreaded cause. and
Richmond may well be proud Of this
fact In five years-lsS-' 93-there hal
only been seven deaths from this cause,
or 4 mortality rate equal 10 1.6 per lp'VVO
Of the average population. For Balti-
more the rate was T. per 1909 for the
six years 1873: and FOR Washington,
d. c., the rate was p per 1000, accord
ing TO a recent census report on the vital
statistics of the two cities.
Malarial-feyer WAS more than usually
prevalent in 1899. but compared with Bal
timore and Washington Q>S-'@o. the
rate for the five years 1899 was only
o per 1000, while for Baltimore it was
AZ per 1000. and for Washington, a..
Diphtheril and Group together caused
only five deaths in 1893. The epidemic
in 1899 and 1891 which caused total Of
POS deaths give for Richmond a rather
high average rate, but the normal rate
has as rule been very favorable.
Compared with Baltimore and Wash
ington. the rate stands as follows:
Richmond. 62 per 1900; Baltimore. ~,
and Washington, co. Measles are also a
very rare cause Of death. but very
common one in many other cities. Com
pared with Baltimore and Washington the
rate for 1900 for the five years lSS9-'93
for Richmond. and for $3.50 for the
other two cities Is as follows Richmond,
90 per 1900; Baltimore. g. and Washing
ton, H. WhoOping-cough claimed
smaller number in 1913 than in the year
preceding, but the average mortality due
to this cause for the five years lSs9-'S}
has been rather high. and considerable
higher than the rate for Baltimore. For
Washington the rate was y; for Rich
mond, -, and for Baltimore, only - per
l0G1 OF the average population. The
highest mortality during the five years
was reported for 1880, in which year there
were Is deaths from this cause-22 white
and q colorcd.
Comparing the total number OF deaths
due to Zymotic diseases for the fire years
1888, the following little table will show
that In 1893 there were less deaths due TO
this class of cause than at any time
during the three preceding years
DEATHS FROM ZYMOTIC DISEASES
FOR FIVE YEARS QSs9-'s3)
ISgp 1Sto 1901 lSg2 1Sq3
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17

This record speaks well for the efi-
cheney of the Health Department and
the figures and facts presented should
be carefully studied by those who so con-
stantly assail the healthfulness Of the city.
IN DIFFERENT SECTIONS.
II remains for me to show by a few
tables for different sections Of the city
that the mortality Is by no means the
same In one section OF the city as in an
other. and that some sections can lay
claim TO as low a death-rate as could
possibly be expected in a city as large
as Richmond. II is very fortunate that
the Board of Health publishes annually a
statement of the mortality of each ward.
which enable us to ascertain the differ
ence between the mortality Of certain
sections, according 10 race. The city Is
divided into six wards, but some deaths
are reported for the city at large, some
for the almshOuse and some for the pen
itentiary. which latter deaths should not
be included in calculating the death-rate
of the city. For 1898 and ls2 no deaths
for the penitentiary are reported, but
I'm the three years lS9-'9l. there were
ffty-six deaths at this institution, which
were included in the mortality OF the
city of Richmond. AS will be seen by
the following table the proportion or
deaths occurring in each ward 10 the
total mortality of the city u about the
same from year 10 year. being highest
for Jackson and lowest for Madison
Ward during the five years. lss9-'93
TABLE SHOWING THE PERCENTAGE
OF DEATHS IN EACH WARD To
THE TOTAL MORTALITY OF THE
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-17
~ "a NAA' -
Total from OF

'White population ana mortality oiiS'
MORTALITY OF COLORED POPClAA-
TION FROM CONSUMPTION.
Deaths Per Cent
Total from OF
Deaths. Consump- Total.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1894-05-17
THE ATTEMPTED BRIBERY.

Senators Hunton and Kyle Talk About
1t, but Withhold the Name of the Briber;
Associated Press Dispatch by Special wiros
WAsurNGToN, May Ex-senator
Hunton talked freely to-day about the
attempt made to bride him to vote
against the Tariff bill, although he said
that he is very sorry the matter has
become public at this time.
Discussing the man who had offered
the bride he said that he had understood
that he went to Virginia as a carpet
Dagger and attempted to secure a nomi-
nation for Congress, but falling, had
then gone to South Carolina, where he
had been nominated and sent to Con-
grcss, serving one term. He said he had
no objection to giving the name of the
man, except that if there was to be an
inquiry he thought it proper that it
should first be given to the committee in
investigation.
1t is understood that Senator Kyle
has record Of the alleged briber's con-
versation and proposition. He was ap-
preached directly but turned the fellow
over to his private secretary, with in
structions to take full notes upon all
that he said.
Mr.. McFarlane, Senator Kyle's clerk,
refused to say anything further except
to acknowledge that the offers were
made and says that when the investiga-
ton is had he will tell all about 1t and
will then give the name of the man
offering the money and what he said.