The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1894-11-20
ITEMS OF INTEREST.


nitude and distance. For instance, he
says that going at the rate of the cleo
trio telegraph-that is 1S6,U00 miles a sec
ond-it would take seventy-eight years
TO telegraph a message TO the most dis
tant telescope stars. But the camera
mas revealed stars far more distant than
these, some Of which. if d. message had
been sent ia the year 4. D. THAT Is
70 say, 1854 Years ago-the message
would only Just have reached some of
them. and would stiu be on the way to
others going at the rate Of $4,000 miles
q second.
The quern is among the Oldest and most
primitive Of mechanisms for the grinding
of grain, says the New York Times. There
II "A nNed stone, and above il a rotating
one. There is a hole in the middle of the
upper or movable stone, into which the
grain is dropped. 4 stick nxed into the
upper stone permits OF il being moved
around. \ wooden spindle runs through
both stones. 1t is good machine, but use
less to-day. Nevertheless, the quern, with
hut little variations. precisely as il was
used IN prehistoric times, is made and sold
anu SIlIds It's grain to-day in the orkney
ana Hebrsdlan Islands. What patent
Hour-making mill, as used in Milwaukee
would cost, we do not know, but few
years ago good quern could be made in
Shetland for about 81.
The gills of fish are situated at the
back part of the sides of the head, and
consist Of a number of vascular mem
branes, which are generally arranged in
double, fringelike rows, attached 10 the
parts by the base only, says the ST. Louis
Q
are teather-shaped; in others. mere folds
attached to the sides of the gill cavities
/ The fish is cold-blooded animal; that
IS 10 say, It's temperature is seldom more
I than degree or two higher than the
! water in which il lives. This being true
/ the creature needs but a very small
! amount of oxygen to keep the blood at a
temperature sufficiently high to sustain
/ life. This oxygen Is supplied to the
| blood OF the fish by respiring large quanti-
| Ties OF water, or, rather, drinking large
! quantities of water and respiring the air
! separated from it by the eills This ex-
plains why a fish cannot live in tank of
! water which has been sifted through the
/ gllls time and time again any better than
! a human being or other animal can in air
| that mas been deprived or all ITS oxygen
/ by DelnS taken into the lungs and expelled
| without being aerated. Fish that die in
the stale water of aquariums may be
/ properly said to drown, because they per-
/ lsh for want of air. the same thing which
| occasions death by drowning in man and
/ other lung-breathing animals.
! The Turkish government is probably the
] only one that maintains a literary bureau
| for the purpose of creating public opinion
/ in its favor, says the Chicago Record The
/ Russians have d bureau of censorship,
! empire whose duty is to prevent the
/ circulation of seditious literature and the,
| mtroduction among its people of radical
IDEAS contrary to the teachings of the
/ church and the policy Of the car But
! the turkish have a regular and perma-
/ nent organization of thirty of the bright
]
/ tan dominiOus,, who are always at work
! creating sentiment in his favor abroad
and at home, and they are very thorough
| Ihey not only keep the local press straight
! on matters of public policy but confound
/ the enemies of the throne with articles
! sblllfully prepared ana furnished to such
! papers as VIII print them. They read
/ all the influential foreign papers, too. both
/ OF Europe and america. and if any con o.
tam articles that are likely to injure
/ lne reputation OF the sultan, or the credit
! OF the government, or prejudice people
| against the country, some one is en-
/ ployed to answer them or write in a diff
/ terent vein on the same subject and in
/ such a way as to. correct any false or uu-
I favorable impression that NAV have been
+ created rms bureau has its agents in
/ an lue commercial CenterS Of Europe, who
I nave access to the columns Of the leading
J perloalcaiS ana are always ready to put
/ in little missionary work Not long
/ ago an article was printed in a Wash
4 mgton paper rejecting upon the treat
meht OF the Armegians by the Turkish
! government. In a few weeks very clever
reply appeared IN the same paper. 1t was
temperate. diplomatic, Interesting and
cohVlnclne. ana was prepared by some
{ one perfectly familiar with the silbfact ]
/ don't know who wrote it, but il came t',1yr
ths sultan's press bureau. and was a
good Illustration Of it's efficiency
The, recent claim of the United States
1 signal service to have transmitted hello
| graph signals over a distance Of 1S5 miles
/ ana OF the United States coast survey
ana Seodeuc survey to have beaten that
a
and Mount Shasta, over 1q2 miles bas
/ started mountain climbers to make al
sorts OF guesses and assertions about fhe
distances they ought to see and the dis
/ tahceS they do see, says the San Fran
| CISCO bulletln. 1T would appear that ono
OF the enthusiastic climbers of Iount
/ 1000 IN oregon made the statement that
from the summit he saw the peak Of
/ mount SHASTA, ZIG miles to the s0tlt hvvayj
| VI course, he was doubted, but princi-
/ PdI$ because the curvature Of the earth
\ would prevent the intervisibilitv of the
( PEAKS ana so an appeal was made 10 a
S3uns oincer OF the United States en-
Siuett corps, who computed the distance
/ AZ winch these peaks would be futeryis
lple. Mount Hood is given Is II rs feet
44Do9 ,o the sea level, and Mount Shasta as
Ii,ttJ, ana the distance on the latest
| charts is 278l2 miles BY his coYnnIIteti5,C
/ the total visible distance" was 2I7 miles
( winch gave "One mile to spa re- over, ~,
| assumed distance of 276 miles f-I ,Ii9
/ Whlcn the Oregonian and some of The
/ New ! OK papers have assumed the inter
rn0iIntsjr ill.,, III me peaks, and that the
nt1utild s cllnDsr was right in his declar-
alton OF seeing Mount Shasta. Thai is ali
| very pretty Prof. Davidson saws if the
ocean INTERVIEWED between the two neaIls7
When the line of intervisibiIitv wDiIid he
/ tangent TO the surface of the sea At a
POM nearer to Mount Hood but unfort-
uiately' the surface between these neg =
Is the backbone Of the Cascade rance ~
mountains; and the inLervisibility Is an
absolute physical impossibility. We mnst
turn TO Alaska if we expect to obtai4
the longest lines of intervisibiHtv r.
cause the great mountain peaks ike Friss
an an logan or the st. Elias range ir1me-
diately dominate a curving coast line TN
sreatest authenticated distance at which
I4ese great master peaks have been vfsi-
pie from sea was by Capt II = Nicbois
OF nc United States navy. when som9
manqIns the United States gunboat T5j1-
"a. lie was close upon Middleton Tsia15
on the approaches to Prince W-iiiisHrto
SOUND, in a well determined POSITION WEI
/ ne had o view of Mount Elias Ia the 49,
northeast, ana Mount Wraneef to 4be
/ horthWard The former was distant ~
statute miles and the latter 5I5
| mties. It may have been possible tba1
MounI EhaS was only part of the mass
I ne saw, ana Mount Logan. twenty. T,iies
+ TO the north-by-east from Mount i FIies
ara le'3l2 feet elevation. was the summit
o. % IRE Visible mass; in this case the dis
! lance was 2ll miles. It may be ,nenfio,,al
tn2t tht consensus of opinion of men WI"
nave peen through Alaska and have ses"
4 mount ~ rangel is that the highest NOM
tam mass Is just under g. degrees ian
Tnue. or log miles west-northwest from
! ranger, Mounts Elias, Fairvyeatber
Cook, Cridon, La Perouse. etc of tbl,