The Globe-republican., 1894-04-06

| the southern leaders already named and James
Monroe q Virginia cv me IL s eary haa
! the approval OF three presidents. all from the
| south-Washingto Madison and Monroe Of
! the thirteen votes against the law nine were
from New England. three from the southern
! and one from the mio1le states. 1t viii thus
/ be seen that We are largely indebted 10 the
| south for the Inauguration and establishment
| OF our protective system The early southern
| statesmen were nearly to man In ITS favor,
| and 1T is carse for universal regret that tnose
! who assume to speak for that section to-day
| have wandered SO far away from the example
| and teachings OF their patriotic predecessors.
John C Calhoun began his career as pro.
tectionist, and favored the diffusion ana growth
OF manufacturers throughout all sections alike
He remained Staunch protectioniSt for many
| years until he and his followers OF the south
! began to realize that the interests OF slave
buyers and owners. and OF free. protected and
well paid labor were inevitably antagonistlc.
| That reason, whatever influence 1t may have
| had then, ought 10 have no force now, for
| slavery and the slave traffic no longer have 9
! place in our civilization and the interests OF
| one section Of our common country are exact
! ly identical with the interests Of every other.
Washington, in his message Of t7S6. urged
upon congress the necessity OF acceeratlng
1 the establishment Of certain useful manufac-
! lures by the intervention OF legislative aid and
! protection" Jefferson, IN December. leJi, In
] his frs ElcSSage. congratulated congress upon
! the revenue derived from tariff duties and sug-
/ ges ted that There is now reasonable ground
! of confidence that we may safely dispense with
! all internal taxes and rely for the support OF
J
( debt upon tariffs In 1913, in his annual mes
! sage OF tha: year to congress, he still adhered
J 20 the protective tariff.
II 1876 the first revenue or frec-trade tar.n
! was enacted Henry Clay in 1873, seven years
after the adoption OF this tariff. thus described
/ the condition Of the country: The general dis
| tross WHICH pervaies the wLo.e country is
7 forced upon Us by numerous facts OF the most
inconteS table character 1t Is indicated by the
diminished exports Of native products: by the
! depressed a1d reduced state of our foreign nav.
! igation; by our diminished commerce: bv sue
/ cCssiNo unthrcShci crops OF grain periShing in
our barns Tor want OF market: by the alarm
ing dirninution OF the circulating medium: by
/ the universal complaint OF the want CT employ
rlent and the consequent reduction OF the
: wages of labor. and, apovc ali, by the low and
/ depressed state of the value Of almost every de-
! scription OF property in the nation, which has,
IN average, sunk not less than % per cent
within q few years Il IS most painful for me
| 10 dwell on the gloom Of this picture. bu. have
! exaggerated nothing. Perfect fidelity 10 the
/ original would have authorized me 10 throw on
Col. Thomas II. Bcntoa's description OF the
! same period is well worthy to be noted: No
/ prise Tor property Or produce; no sales but
/ these OF the sheriff AID the marshall: no pur-
/ ohaScrS at execution sales but the crcGltJr or
! some lolrder OF money 10 emp -oynent Tor in
! duStry: 10 demand for labor: no sale for tie
products Of the farm: no sound Of the ham
mcr but that Of the auctloncer knocking down
! property. stop laws, property laws, rcplcvin
! laws, stay laws, ioan-oiiicc laws-this was lhe
business Of the legislatures in three fourthS OF
| thy states OF the union Distress the uni
versai cry OF the people; relief the universal
! demand thCndereI at the doors Of all legis-
| latureS, state and federal
No relief came until the protective act OF 1921.
| Among those who voted for that nluch-nceded
, measure were such wellknown democrats rs
| Andrew Jackson. senator from Tennessee:
| Thomas II. Benton, senator from Missouri:
| Martin Van Buren. senator from New York:
James Buchanan, Representative from Penn
| Sylvani: Richard NJ. Johnson, senator from
| Kentucky: Louis McLain, q representative
from MARYLAND; Gen. Sam Houston. repIe-
| sentative from Tennessee AMI afterward sena-
| tor from Texas. 1t Will be observed that in
| this group arc three democratic state Snen who
subsequently lecame president Of tho United
States. as we'll as one that became vice pTcsi-
| dent Richard NJ. johnson, OF kentucky All
| gave their ardent support to this protective
| tariff measure, and there was as yet no section
alism manifest in our industrial legislation
| In 1928 the tariff was still further increased.
| Again most OF these same distinguished
| democrats, including SilaS Wright Of New
York. one OF the ablest leaders OF that party in
| the country. voted for it. The names Of no
| fewer than five gentlemen who subsequently
became president are recorded in the yeas and
Buren,, William Henry Harrison and James
Buchanan voted for It, and John Tyler and
| James x. Polk against it.
But the change OF position OF Mr.. Calhoun
| and his followers eventually found expression
| in the compromise tariff Of ls~3 This continued
| in force for about ten years, and, while it
calmed the excite ment in the south occasioned
by the nulliication episode of 1882, it at length
! produced the great financial crisis OF 1887, q
/ period OF distress almost equal to that which
| preceded the enactment OF the tariff OK 1884
| Many OF our older citizens recall with u shud-
| der the hardShipS and privations which were
endured Throughout the country from 1881 to
1912 They justly attributed the prevailing
| distress to the tariff Of 1888 and when oppor.
| tunity came, as it did in 1870, they overthrow
and drove from power In all branches OF the
government The party responsible for It
| As q r,Sult OF this great revolution, on Au.
| gust 80. lG42, President Tyler reluctantly gave
| his assent to another great protective law.
| known the tariff OF 1872 1t passed the
house of representatives, on July IL. by the
! narrow margin Of four voteS-yeaS ll6, nays
H. 1t included among it's supporters such
able leaders $ Carrot Davis, of Kentucky;
M.lIard Fillmore Of New York; Thomas Nor
ris and N...:anicl Pendlcton, OF Ohio. and
EicnarI ". Thompson. of Indiana 1t passed
vote-ycas -. nays 2a Among rs most ac-
| tive supporters we're such men aS Richard H
| Bay.rd, Jamc 8 Buchanan, RUFUS Choate, John
| j. CrtLendcn, William L. Dayton AMI Silas
/ Wri ht. This law raised the country from the
depths Of financial deprivation and distress to
| condition Of confidence and prosperity such
| IS il ha not known since the repeal OF the tar
| III Of 1873 So well recognized was this fact,
! aud 50 widely popular was the new law, that in
| the lrcsidenIial election OF 1874, the democrats
! in The close northern states were as earnest
and outsiolcn ;.dvo- atcS Of protective tariff as
/ the sup offers OF Mr. Clay. Their candidate for
TIC pr s:dcncy. Mr. Polk to bc sure. Eai voted
aga. .rSt protective measure in congress, but on
the ottCr hand, their candidate for vice prcsi-
dent, George NJ. Dallas. had been a most
pronounced supporter OF them. LARGE
| ly through the influence OF Mr.. Dallas
| uld his friends, Pennsylvania was kept
| in tie democratic column and the election of
| Poll: assured But that once accomplished Mr..
Polk called into his tabinet as secretary OF the
trcaSur;, Il bert j. Walker, q welknOwn free
| trader then senator from Mississippi Mr..
| N!al,:cr 1T cncc aSsaied the protective law
| G ven TO III, country by the whig congress, and
| with Mr. Polk; active assistance not only Sc
| curcl its repeal but the enactment Of the free
trade law II 1915 This was not done, how.
,vcr, without q disagreement in the cabinet and
| a EcL.cd Coaie;t IN congress. TIE vote OF
| the house On July 8, lS4i resulted yeas ll4.
| nays Oh OF lhoso voting in the negative q
wcrs fror1 the south. Including such leaders
| as Garrett Davis, Ct Kcntu,ky: Meridiih p.
| Gentry, OF TclneSse :: james Graham. of North
| CIrolina: John \ Pend c,on Of Virginia, and
| Robert IoorlbS AID Alexander H. Stephens, Of
Georgia ih, sc alto rncn joined heartily with
such prominent AMI no less distinguished polit-
| ical leaders OF The north as John Quin-
cy Adams, George Ash-nun and Robert
C. Winthrop. of Massachusetts,: Charles
]. IaycrSoll and JInes Black. OF Penn
| Sylvln:S; Jacob Coilamer, OF Vermont:
| Caleb l.. Smith, OF In JlLna: Washington Hunt
of New York. and ColumDus DcIan Robert C.
Sc:encS. Joshua l. Gi idirgS Sam eel F. Vim
| Ton ami 10 ,cph Vance. OF Oh o, In every effort
| TO rctArl and defeat the pending bill
II tho scna,, the contest is still more mem