The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1894-04-29
WITH ARTIFICIAL BONES
r,.ucb Surgeons succsssfuiIy Hesfers Dc
stroysd Portions Of the ske'e'''-""
Ingenious Apparatus Devised


.,a, has been removed entirely OF
nartially. or OF hiding deiori"S -
,,o hodv. Every one knows. for instance
NTH what success artificial teeth can
no made. a nose replaced. or an eye VA
= hoon DESTROYED by disease. inns
however. is merely superheiai pio'"'.,-
r,,n ,ssa Of burying in the depths Oh INC
,,-n,,os an artificial rod to take the p'aeS
hore that has been removed was
far holder one, but experience ""D
sbown that the process can be mace S"0
-, 4, tho necessary precautions are
taken.
,co ,o,,or,,, &c an Interesting example
r. oYcelIent results that can be Cd
| tanned by replacing a porioh oi Wv 80, S,,o
eton bv means Of aseptic artlnciai pieces,
| Srha enrgeons have proved that art'aciai
riaces made of vulcanite or metals tnht
do not oxidize can be buried In he tissues
and left there with impuDity'
NJ pean showed recently TO the mem
! hers of the Academic, patient VINO haa
had tuberculosis Of the humerus anu
| shoulder Joint, complicated with suppura-
| ton and fstulae An operation was I'M
perauve, but the removal or the diseased
| tissues would have left such hole that
| the wound would never have healed ana
| the functions of the limb would have
heen lost IL an artificial joint had not
been interposed between the lower frag-
| ment Of the humerus and the seapula.
After having first applied TO NJ. Math-
leu. who in spite of his well known skill
| could not succeed in making the desired
apparatus. VI. Pean bethought himself
Of his friend DR.. Michaels, who had al
ready furnished many proof Of his in
| yentive genius and who after seeing the
patient and studying the condition OF
| his tissues set to work Immediately. In
few days of hard labor he completed
| the apparatus. which for simplicity and
ingenuity astonished even NJ. Matthew.
and when put into position evoked the
| admiration Of all present
1t is composed Of three parts. First,
| straight rod, eight centimetres long, des-
| tined TO replace the peice of humerus re-
moved: second another straight piece. rep
resenting the neck of the same bone;
| third an irregular sphere for the head:
| the whole fourteen centimetres In length,
| and made Of vulcante. We have not
| space TO describe 1t in detail, but can only
| say that the three pieces were fastened
| together in such a way rs 20 admit Of
| all the movements OF rotation and cir
cumduction Of a natural joint. It is a
mechanical chef doeuvre. II was not
enough, however. to make II; 1t had TO
be put I'm place.
BY means of fittings of platinum adapt
| ed 10 the upper and lower ends of the ap-
paratus NJ. Aiichaes was able TO fasten
the lower part 10 the humerus by means
81 L..
head he fastened 10 the elenoid surface
by driving platinum wire into the neck
or the shoulder blade TO a depth OF three
centlmetres, and by passing two other
loops Of wire over the top Of the bone,
the wires being naturally tightly fasten-
ed TO the artificial head without ham
pering its movements in any way in
order TO facilitate the grating Of the perl
osteum and muscles onto the artificial
humerus, NJ. Michaels lad adapted TO
1t little ridges perforated with holes for
catgut sutures. In the same way to fas-
ten the capsular llgament he had pro-
Vided two platinum rirgs to keep II in
its normal position.
The apparatus once adopted NJ. Pean
closed the wound with the ordinary pre-
cautions. The operation was performed
year ago and the patients condition
has since improved IN every way: in
fact, his health would be perfect but for
some small Assesses that have had TO
be opened on four occasions.
The more We study the question the
more firmly we are convinced that water
is the chief, If not the Only vehicle Of the
typhoid germ. This point seems TO be
now beyond dispute, and since / have
been writing these articles for the Herald
l have proved ii again and again both as
regards civilians and soldiers
Has the outbreak OF typhoid fever
that has recently appeared In Paris had
any other cause than this? Very proba-
bly, not, and although in no quarter of
the capital has Seine water been turned
on in the place of spring water, IL is
most likely that the use of some con-
taminated water was the beginning Of the
trouble.
a well-known epidemiologist of Paris,
NJ. Chantemesse, has been endeavoring 20
ascertain the reason of the sudden in
crease i'm the weekly admissions to the
hospitals for typhoid fever. IS for the
week from February Is to February 2ith,
and 291 for the following week, whereas
the usual figure is from - 10 20.
lie sets aside the idea that the Nanne
water had been polluted above Sens. or
that some iniiltration had occurred TO
the acqueduct bringing that water to
Paris. both of which suppositions have
still TO be proved. and endeayors 20
show that the present Gu break is due to
the distribution of Marie water, coming
from Saint aur, i'm the place Of Dhuys
water Of which the aqueduct was UNI
dergoing repairs, and allowed no water
to reach the Menilniontant reservoirs
from February Sth 10 2ith on February
Sth there was still a certain quantity of
Dhuys water in these reservoirs, but
nothing was used 10 replace It from Feb
ruary 10th to oath, except river water
that had not been properly filtered.
If these dates be compared with the
date at which the typhoid outbreak sud
denly manifested itself between February
18th 10 2ith, we find the exact reproduc-
ton Of what used 20 occur when Seine
water was turned on in the place or
spring water. Whereas from December
18th 10 18th there had only been fifteen
cases admitted 10 the hospitals, the next
week there were 70. the next POI. l62,
1893. and 1871 from March 18th TO oath.
The objection has been made that II
the Marine water were the cause of the
outbreak the cases would be limited to the
quarter supplied by Dhuys water as
regular thing and that the epidemic began
before the Marine water was turned on.
This will not hold. and we have only TO
consult the figures furnished by the Bull
ietin de Statistique Municipale TO see
that the outbreak occurred in ten or
fifteen days after the river water had
been turned on. AS for the cases occur
ring in all parts OF the town. this Is not
a matter of surprise, as no one knows
exactly what water reaches given
house in Paris at a given moment, and