davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-21

ing Importance in q city IL comparatively
modern notion In the middle ages German
towns became famous on account OF their supe-
rIor civic organization. their more advantageous
situation, or the greater activity, intellectual
political or commercial, Of their citizens. When
we come indeed % inquire into the populousness
of medipval German cities, we are at hrst
sight staggered by the smallness Of their pro-
portions The largest free imperial cities In the
fifteenth century Nuremberg and Strasburg,
numbered little more than twenty thousand In
habitants resident within the walls. So con-
spcuous a place as Frankfort-on-the-Main is
said at the epd OF the fifteenth century TO have
had fewer than 5000 inhabitants. At the same
epoch Dresden could boast OF only about 5000.
Rothcnburg on the Tauber is to-day dead city
20 all appearances, Offering an interesting ex-
ample Of what medieval town was like, mas
much as the bulk Of its architecture, including
the walls. which remain intact dates approx
mately from the sixteenth century Yet this
old free city, although ostensibly dead, has
actually larger population now than II had ut
the close OF the fifteenth century when II was
at the height OF its prosperity. The figures
then were between 6,o00 and 1000.
whereas they are now between 5000 and
5000. II should be borne in mind
however, that the towns stood in the position OF
feudal over-lords toward the peasants who held
land on the city territory. which often extended
for many square miles outside the walls.
small town like Rothenburg. for instance, had
on its lands as many as 10000 peasants. The
feudal dues and contributions Of these peasants
constituted a large part OF the staple revenue of
the town, and the management of them was one
OF the chief bones OF contention.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-21
III.

Such was the condition In GERMANY of the ap-
ricultural proletarian at his first inception when
the medieyal system OF yilleinage had begun TO
loosen, and TO allow proportion of free laborers
to insinuate themselves into It's workings. How
grieyous then were the complaints when. in TN.
second quarter of the sixteenth century. while
wages had risen either not at all or at most from
half a groschen to a gro,chen the price Of rye
rose from six or seven groschen n bushel To
about five and twenty groschen, that OF a sheen
from four to eighteen grosch-n and all other
articles OF necessary consumption in like ratio.
The truth is that In tho middle ages pnper.
necessaries and such ordinary comforts as were
to DO had at all were dirt cheap: while OF non
necessaries and luxuries, that is such articles AZ
had to be imported from afar, the price. were
for the most part prohibItive. with the open
ing up of the world market during the first half
of the sixteenth century. this state OF things
rapidly changed Most Injuries I'm n short time
fell heavily in price, whereas necessaries rose in
a still greater promotion.
This latter change in the economic conditions
of the world was fel, severely enough by the
peasant and agricultural laborer, vet II ex-
ercised its most powerful effect on the character
of the medisval town. which had remained sub
stantially unchanged since its first great expan-
sion at the end Of the thirteenth century, With
the extension OF commerce and the openinr up
of communications began that evolution OF the
town whose ultimate outcome was TO change en-
tirely the central idea on which the urban or
gauization was based. According 10 our modern
notions the first requisite for town is facility
of communication with the rest of the world by
means of railways, telegraphs, a postal system.
and the like So far has this gone now.
that in new country like tho United
States or Australia, the RAILWAYS. telegram
lines. sc. are made frst and the ,ownsare then
strung upon them like beads upon a cord. In
the mediseval town, on the contrary, commun,-
cation was quite secondary matter, and more
Of luxury than a necessity. Each town was
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-21

Prof. Thorod Rogers asserted and brought
forward much evidence to prove that the fl
teenth century was the golden age OF the Eng
lish agricultural laborer. The conclusion has
been disputed so far as England is concerned,
but there Is no doubt whatever that the period
in question was the German peasants golden
age In the tenth and eleventh centuries feudal
oppression had reached It's greatest intensity all
over Europe. It continued to be intense and
grievous until the thirteenth century, when
from various causes. economic and other. mat
tiers began TO improve as regarded the common
man, till in the fifteenth century the con-
dition OF the German peasant was better
than II has ever been, either before or
SINCE within historical times. Nevertheless
the grinding and sitting power of the
lord of the soil was by no means dead. II was
merely dormant and was destined to spring into
renewed activity the moment tho lords neces-
stiles supplied a sufficient incentive. From the
beginning OF the sixteenth century onward. the
element OF territorial power, supported in its
claims by the Roman civil law, continued To eat
into the old rights and possessions of the village
community until Il had finally devoured them.
At the time OF the Reformation, owing to the
new conditions OF traffic which had arisen, and
which had brought about in a few decades rise
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-21


More lhah hunareu pages are ue'o'ed 10 tue
chap'er III Wnieh VT. .. II. ooiey' formerly AS
sis'',h' Srere'aIy Vi 'ne navy discusses tne
iia'., ,n VI .no iepuon' ho" 40 'no
Anericah inerehah' navy "nich' some years
oeiore sne oNh war was iuiiS eqas, w tha' Oh
uie"' p.'. , " 70 'os1eo.'eu ! ini' 10 onooi
w. ,n noo. qu's.' ",ie" A'e ne'.
u'sou' ,s 81 ,ehssh oy 'noruukhS compe,en.
epo.ia''. n,. oo,oy ien"s no .hA' eaon VI
tno wv oppos'o s'"ooio VI po'',oai ooononiis. ~.
onels orosu anu s.norai renieuy ior tue e'hs
VI 'no 'k aon' o"o sussee',ns
voun''es' 'no o'no' r'eo 'nip'' as u .ne hrst Vi
.he9e wv iea, "neio 'Aes .he
H opo .o man 'e'''ee'
no oojec'ioh niaao 10 IT, Inc compehsa-
.on gwen ior WORK actuahy aohe'
anu 'nouu oe nAou apon . hoerN OASIS
Nut - 'ho premium pa'u W inc ""hers Vi cer-
tam Eneiish Vesseiso Oh hish CLASS tor GOV
ei"A' op''o" o' INC, eaie vi h''o !" 'ase vi
WAT resa'ueu 40 any. n,hs more .hSh reasons
Die qua pro quo. but IN Mr. soieys OPINION
Ihe s,s,ehi VI Do"l'ies' pu,e anu simple, upon
'ops pui' y, iies eucn as tue rehcn
anu so''ie o'nes 'oh'iheh'ai States nave Auopteu'
o'anu' oh u'helo". ,oO.'"k' anu eau piouuee
ohs enporary anu nnii'eu dement, 10 say
no'"'"s VI ''a i"heie"' ''e' as ah eoononio
system, oh .he o'ner manu- 'he advocates OF
Tree Ships hoio ,ha'' II inc IN" requiring Ameri-
ean oe VI AmeF'ean ouiia
"ero 'epeAeu :" o'noI "orus' hmori-
1nS Sore 'ee 70 puy tneir ships IN
rns'ahu "o ehouiu 'iiiineuiA.eN resume
our pisro among .he io,emos. shipowhers OF
inc Woriu' ann iur,her' tha' this result "ouio
S3S..op "',Hou' a"y in'.'y W our snip
""us "''' =" thiS '1pa ue'eiopihen' vi
Anier'0"n sa'pp'hs our ou'iuers' 50 u 10 a..
sersu. "ou'u not iose' oec.uso they "ouiu
p'oo"o.. So .ons o s espoy ,or possoi'
ior ooA1t"i'e 'rHue anu 'hey wouiu derive Iur-
TUG, oehen' ,,oni tho iopa"so Vi tue ho~y ero-
steu meet neplslne !" THESE arguments, Mr.
'o'ey eoaoeues lnat 'he isrso proporuon oi inc
p'U"'s =. '"s y'"s "A"o' "n'en 70 NJ" ao-
so.oeu ~ aoie,sn sn n sinouh'ihs 70 from
Si'o,ooo'VooO3i'o'oV Soo'' m'u'u oef
uuosu oy lne Auop'on ., ,ree snips' ~ ~hat eh-
seh' .,',s ~ n'' 'o'vy ueeS
iinpooei"'e " ess,nA'e' ~ "ouiu' NJ she'en.s, oe
s~1ua.' - "'u'u Ho' '''.io ~ ~ o".o' NJ"
'he ieSui'ant gains W Nnio,n sh'po"hers
"ouiu oehon' Ahe,esh snipou'iuers pro
nou s,, sur moio uini0ut 70 say INC snip
ou'iuers 'nemsoNeS A'o pretty sood Juakes oi
.ne" o"n in'o'e9's' anu 'ney arc enpns''0 ~
aehyihs tue ASsnI''o "a 'nA' IIoo ship' "ouis &c
oIuo III any We, W 'ue'I Sn'ah'Ase. MT SoieS
'hinhs "Uuiu NOT 'a.e ,ons 70 oonpu,e VIVA.
"ouiu % Wv rairs VI u"o .As PAM VI
A'n ,.S sn.pou'uo1 - i".Sis" oul' en'ps
unusI 'n' p'ssen "er0
-un','oI 49,. " i".nI $751; 'u' "r
orc VIM 0ou'u .nelse' 60 uHue' euen
w. ~ S~y ., ,no ses'
WIN unl'nii'eu ., %. "ehihu mem "ho
NM il 'Hs "
~ ~ 'ne " tneir naive
oonipe'l'ois i"e oehei - sAp'vsss s' however,
sIIa,r hi his,sa,, - $3.50 80 h,' "ou
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-21

in accordance with established princi-
piles. In such settlements was 20 be
observed tendency 10 develop methods
Of building and architectural torn which
departed, in truth, from those OF the Old World
in the measure made necessary by the peculiar
conditions of our life but the work. At all events
was done In a rational and symmetrical man
ner. with the rapid growth Of population the
influence Of Old World traditions was gradually
lost and. during the first half Of the present
century, the builders art became utterly con-
fused. and subject 10 every momentsry
whim. Consequently, mp to recent
epoch, our dwellings and public edinces were.
with few exceptions, essentially devoid Of
style, except 20 far as we represented
misconceptions Of European architectural
types. Al present, however, the wholesome
influence Of the sound training which our
builders are acquiring gives promise not, indeed,
of an original American style OF architecture.
but of a rational appropriation Of the experience
which men have gathered in other lands and
times. The result is that the public edlfices and
private buildings erected within the last fifteen
years. are much more creditsble productions
than those Of the earlier part of the century.
There lie, in fine, ground to hope that the period
Of vagarics in building has passed away.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-10-21
Tow. sad village Life q. Medieval Ger.
many.

many.
The best book which has yet appeared In Eng
llsh upon the subject, q book which embodles
the rpest and most Trustworthy German re-
searches within the period which II surveys, IL
German Society at the Close Of the Middle Ages,
by +. BELFoRr BAx (Macmillans). This volume
is the first installment Of work which aims at
giving English and American readers correct
idea of the social condition and the popular
movements OF Germany during the period
known as that of the Reformation. In accord
ance with his plan, the author has touched
only incidentally upon the theological dis
putes then ostensibly uppermost in the
thoughts Of men. or upon the purely
political side of things These matters are
dealt with merely in far they conspicu-
ously strike across the path of social and
internal affairs. The volume before us, which
has q more general character than Its successors
will exhibit. deals with epoch which begins
with the last quarter of the fifteenth century
and ends with the first quarter Of the sixteenth,
Just before the great uprising OF the German
peasants. II embraces n narrative of the earlier
popular revolutionary movements which were
precursors Of the peasants war, and also deals
with the underlying causes of the general disin-
tegration of the time. The principal authori-
ties relied upon by Mr.. Bax are Ranke, JANSEN
and Egelhaaf. The view point OF Ranke is that
Of general bourgeois phistinism; Jansen rep
resents the UltramontaDe Catholic view, al
though one disputes the accuracy OF his
scholarship. Egelhasfs work may be regarded
as q counterblast to Janssens, its point OF view
being that of liberal. middle-clsss German
Professionalism. In the opinion Of Mr.. Bax, none
Of these three writer's has performed his task in
way that will be acceptable TO the twentieth
century. His belief Is that to rewrite history In
the light Of the researches Of the last few dec
AIDES will be one OF the imperative duties OF the
next two or three generations. He thinks that
history needs TO be presented afresh on the basis
OF primitive communism, with its tribal and
varied groups and its sexual relations based
the gems. and from the standpoint OF a continu-
Gus development from these beginnings up to
the individuslsm Of our day which is founded
on the complete disruption OF medieval society.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1894-02-28

highly esteemed citizen, R. NJ. K.
Deakins, was a probable candidate for
Representatives; the Squire is widely
known as a first class business man and
a good farmer, and his ample knowl.
edge of and ability to represent the
wishes and interests of his fellow coun-
tryman especially fit him for the posi-
ton; and his very many friends would
be glad to see his announcement. Our
worthy citizen, w. II. Hunt, is a can
didate for Magistrate in the loyal Four.
teentb. and he will certainly get there
Eli" Hurrah for w. X. Martin for
Sheriff. DR.. Leah for County Court
Clerk. j. A. T. Bacon for Trustee. S.
II. l.. Cooper for Circuit Court Clerk
and j. Nj. Galloway for Register. The
last named is n resident of this vicinity;
is an upright, honorable young man. a
staunch Republican and well qualified
to creditably perform the duties of this
office. While your scribe would not
speak disparagingly of other aspirants
for this office, he would say, that he
the scribe) has been travelling and
circulating among the people in many
districts of the county, and we find
many expressions like this, ave are
for Galloway for Register, and we think
1t high time that the loyal, upright,
business young men of our county be
justly considered in the distribution of
pie" EQUAL RIGHTS.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1894-02-28
DOUGLAS SHED.

We ask permission to say a few words
in regard to the school taught by Prof.
Adcock and Carey. 1t was a term of
six months, and so far as we know
there is positively no dissatisfaction, as
the students have been advanced farther
than ever before. The school met last
Thursday night for the purpose of hav-
ing an entertainment but there was
such bad order the exercises soon closed.
The glory OF that school was not in
never failing, but coming forward
when it did fail; and with the ambition
OF the jealous teachers the programme
was successfully carried out ON Friday,
and they came out more than victors.
The right will prevail, and the princi
pals of education can never be destroyed
by the illiterate enemies of that which
is right. On Saturday morning the
students me- to bid their teachers good
bye. Touching talks were made by
Jas Rice and the teachers. Prof. AID
cock came here as a stranger, working
earnestly in the cause of education and
religion and has won the good will of
all. He will start to college in a few
days and we all feel that a friend is
gone, but we hope to meet him at
Evening Star next September. GUESS
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1894-02-28

double share of work and expense in
every election; more willing to sacri-
flee time and means than to see any of
the loyal old Republican party suffer
defeat. One gentleman speaking of
Mr.. Hickey says ''the first time l ave-
saw him was at camp meeting in Carter
County about eighteen years ago; my
attention was attracted by the cour-
teous manner in which he was caring
for his aged mother, there no com
forts that he could bestow upon her
that seemed to satisfy him, "this genial
disposition has followed Mr.. Hickey to
this day. When we find a young man
willing to sacrifice the pleasures that
most young men enjoy on such &C.
casions for the comfort of his mother
we n most assuredly trust the rough
things of aSheriff's duties in his hands.
AS for DIR. Leah the people of this whole
world knows of no other man who can
fill his office as successful as the DR.. |
hope the candidates mentioned in this
letter will flor using their names) par
don Me.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1894-02-28
r

The health of our neighborhood is
very good at this writing, with the ex-
ceptions of Mrs. John Henley and T.
FL. Bailey 8 baby, and we are glad to
learn they are improving. The schools
of this district all closed the 23d; our
teachers have all been very successful
in their work this year. j. w. Stanton
and wife were visiting Mr.. and Mrs.
Sam Ford, at Conkling, recently. Rev.
j.. Ii. Moore, pastor of New Salem,
preached interesting sermons Saturday
and Sunday last. Theelection is about
all we can hear; the third of March
will soon be here and that will tell the
tale, and let me say to the good people
of this county to be careful who you
vote for and be sure to pick men that
are beet qualified to fill offices and one
that will be a poor man. friend. |
think w. P. Brownlow will be the man
to send to Congress, and Hacker for
Judge, and If ever loyal East Tennessee
has needed a friend it is now, and Mr..
Brownlow is the man to be your friend;
he will carry Brokers solid.
ONE AMONG You.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1894-02-28
RED U VALLEY.

The health of this community is very
good at present. Rev. Harold closed
his meeting at Cash Hill Friday last
with several conversions; may he go
on in his good work, and the Lord be
praised. We are for j. l.. Hilbert here
for Sheriff; Mr.. Hilbert is a promising
young man, and we should give him a
good chance as this is his first race for
office. We are in favor of young men
for office and getting the old ones out.
Our school closed here Friday and we
were all well entertained by their ex-
ercisps; this was an interesting school
and the children were all sorry to leave
their teacher, Mr.. Barnes; he is a good
teacher and we want him again.
A VOTER.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1894-02-28
Ia UGA rs.

Death visited the family of Mr.. and
Mrs. Saylor Sunday morning, February
IL, and claimed for its victim their only
daughter and baby child, aged twelve
years. Hattie was "a very interesting
and affectionate child; her lessons for
Sunday school was always well studied
and promptly recited. Her christipn
parents have our deepest sympathy.
There has been some excellent spelling
matches at Watauga school house this
winter. The debating society has ad
journed until next October There was
a match game of base ball playei last
Saturday Mt this place by the Anderson
Hall and Watauga boys, u large crowd
gathered to witness the game and u
great deal of interest exercised for both
clubs; the score was even. DR.. j.. W.
Wallace and j. j. Woolf, went to Bluff
City one day this week. Masters John
Il Charley Lawson, of Carter County,
were the guest of Uncle John Woolf
one night this week. We have not been
solicited to say any thing for any one
OF our respective candidates but will
give YOU the desires of the east end of
the Ninth District. Hon. w. p. Brown.
low Tor Congress; the reason is too well
known for us to offer any argument.
For Circuit Judge the people are in per
feet sympathy with Judge Brown and
ex Judge Hacker; they are both deserv-
ing men. For county officers there is
great desire being manifested for the
nomination OF deputy sheriff Hickey
and DIR. Leah. Mr.. Hickey has always
beer true to his party and has had a
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1894-02-28
FOURTEENTH DISTRICT.

The health of the people in this quiet
vicinity is govI at present Old Uncle
Jesse Bacon, who has been confined to
his room for some time with grip and
fever. we are glad to report is rapidly
recovering. One OF the greatest revival
meetings eyer held in this community
is o in progress at Chestnut Grove,
conducted by Rev. Wampler and others.
The meeting has been in progress about
two weeks, with forty seven con versions
and still many Others who are inquiring
the way to eternal lie. May the good
work go on until our entire community
shall become ChristianiZed. The school
ut Berea, taught by Prof. Charles MAIDEN
principal and Miss Rosa Smith, assis
tant, closed Monday the Goth with APP
propriate exercises. Miss Dellie Crouch.
daughter OF Rev. T. fl. Crouch, oil
Boon's Creek, will teach u summer
school at Morning Star. We congratu.
late Miss Dellie in selecting this point,
aid the patrons for securing her eft.
tcient services. The school will open
about the first Monday in April. Hon.
A. b. Bowman, candidate Tor Congress
aud Il. ID. Duncan, candidate for Rep.
resentative, delivered some very inter
esting speeches atKeebler S school house
on the night of the 22Ad, and notwith
standing the rain and mud there were
quite a number of our citizens in at.
tendance; and justice to those candi-
dates requires us to say that they made
some very favorable impressions We
would like to ask "Phelimn who the
loyal Fourth will be for for County
Register in his next communication.
We have heard it minated that u
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-05
The .tefrersnn sinards

The Jefferson Guards put up a drill at Little Rock yesterday aftei- n"on tstr the maiden prize. From pastdes yho witnessed the drill we learn ttat our bow" for awhile put up ali excellent drill. which was loudly applauded hy the immense audience. but that they soon became
 rartled' and failed to sustain them selves. It can be said in their he- half, however, that they did not have enough men iu their own ranks to enter the contest. and that they had ta take men i'll their ranks from another company with whom they had never drilled or praeticed be- fore
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-05
Fox Bros.
FIRE NEAR ALTHElMER.
The Gin Of Mr T. NJ. Phillips Earned
 Tuesday Night.

From parties in the city yesterday from the vicinity of Al beimer, We learn that the giH-hoHse and all its contents. the property of Mir T. NJ. Phillips, was burned to the ground Tuesday night There were over 20Q bushels of corn stored away ln the g'n at Che time of the fire as well as n lot ef oats aud other grain, all of which was totally destroyed The less is estimated to be S2000; m in- snrance. At the time of the fire Mr. Phillips was in Little Rock The fire is supposed to have been of incendi- aav origin.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-05

Ms> sharles Well has received a tel. 'egram from his son, Burton. who is .en foate home from Chicago where se has ben attending school. 10 tho ei'ect that the train upon which he was . passenger was laid opt,, Monday at Bloomiugton. III. bv strikers. Fto ilme of Burton,s ar- rival homais, therefore. very indetinite at present..
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-05

,,na IT : you ,,,, are posses sed of wo,,4spsaa
 "nsi,1 "nsn,lnEanie. S l-fonr-inch~.id ids sa, 55eotts, 5eoassa, " you VII not suffer NiTh Sick. nea1aens tba ,.a,.. any longer, haga win try po,'', fnc ,ieM dna .,s iamous cass known as ,,ro na'a3n ''t, Ionic Lives. Pills. They ade ape. ansointely haFaalass. and s ths pest, nest remedy ever a,pmpoulaipd for all all sor,ils ao, ol hIiiouS4s4Ss. tiisor~iered liye,.
 seut stomacM. etc Alton Wau,er
 your druggist, has them and they ense e..'sl na5 aseents a box. They viii give yaN samples free " III