The Hawaiian gazette., 1894-03-16

Lutte basis of all knowledge | hav,
established the first and most impor.
tant principle of instruction" And
again: observation Is the absolute
basis Of all knowledge. In other
words, all Knowledge must proceed
] from observation and must admit OF
being traced 10 that source" Bat the
( English word observation very made
Quately represents the German word
! anschauung, for which it here stands.
l should use the word intuition, but
this word, in English, seems TO be-
| losing the very meaning which obser-
walton expresses, and that is an essen
tial part of the meaning of
anschauung. 1t takes both English
words 10 express the meaning of the
one German word. Let us take, in
connection with this, an aphorism
from his Evening Hour Of a
Hermit: Mature develops all the
human faculties by practice, and their
growth depends on their exercise"
In 'How Gertrude Teaches Her Chill
dren," he says that education consists
In "a continual benevolent superin-
tendenee with the object of calling
forth all the faculties which Provi-
uence has implanted" Ramsauer,
nrst pupil, then an assistant, gives
Us glimpse of feStalozZi's method of
applying these principles in the
school room. He SAYS: The exer-
ciSes in language were the best we had,
especially those which had reference
10 the wainscoting of the school
room. He spent whole hours before
that wainscoting, very old and torn,
busy in examining the holes and rents
with respect to number, form, position
and color, and in formulating our OBJ
servations in sentences more or less
developed. Then Pestalozzi would
ask us: Boys, what do you see?'
= see hole in the wainscoting.'
Very well, repeat after me: [ see a
hole in the wainscoting, and so on.'r
Nuillemin tells his children that "at
1verdun language was taught by the
aid of intuition observation; We
learned 10 see correctly, and through
tins very process TO form for our
selves a correct idea of the rels-
uons of things. What we had
conceived clearly We had no diff
Guilty in expressing clearly Again:
-" We were made TO invent geometry
by having marked out for u the end
TO reach, and by being put on the
route. The same course was followed
IN arithmetic PsStaloZZi applied
these same principles IN moral eiuca
ton. He says of StanZ: Il made Use
Of the impressions and experiences of
their every day life 10 give my chill.
dTen a true and exact idea Of right
and duty. When the neighboring
town OF Altdorf was burnt down, |
gathered my children around me and
said Altdorf has been burnt down
perhaps at this very moment there
are hundred children there without
home, food or clothes: will YOU not
ask our good Government TO let
twenty of them come and live with
US l still seem 10 see the emotion
with which they answered: 20, YES,
yes But, my children I said,
think we'll of what you are asking.
Even now We have scarcely money
and it Is not at all certain, If /
these poor children came 10 US, the
Government would give Us any more
than they do at present, so that YOU
might have TO work harder aud share !
your clothes with these children, ami I
sometimes, perhaps, go without food. /
Do not say, then, that you would like 1
them TO come unless you are quite I
prepared for all the consequences I
After having spoken TO them in this I
way, as seriously a. | could. | made .
them repeat all l had said, to be quite .
sure that they had thoroughly under .
stood what the consequences OF their ,
request would be. But they were not 1
n h. - l.
and all repeated Yes, yes: We sre
quite ready TO work harder, eat les.
and share our clothes, for We want
them TO come
"SOme refugees from the Grisous
having given me u few crowns for NV
poor children. l at once called them
and said: These men are Obliged TO |
cave their country; they hardly know
where they will ind q home tomor-
'ow, yet, in spite Of their trouble. they
nave given me this for you. Come
md thank them And the emotion
# the children brought tears 10 the
yes Of the refugees.
. 1t was in this way that / strove TO
.waken the feeling of each virtue be-
ore talking about it, for / thought it |
lnvise 10 talk to children on subjects
which would compel Them to speak
Without thoroughly understanding /
Ebat they were saying"
To begin with the child's own ex-
eriences and first-hand ideas and |
and TO build upon this foun-
alton through the sef-activity of the
hid, under the supervision of the
aacher, this is the substance of the
estalOZZiau method.
From the Evening Hour of Her
hit sgain: 1.-THE circle of knowledge
close around 8 man, and I
xtends cOncentrically. Force not the :
,culties Of children into the remote
aths OF knowledge until they have
aimed strength by exercise on things {
hat are near them" Professor VuiI- 7
.min says ST Yverdun: The first
dement's OF geography were taught Us
q the spot. Then we reproduced in
=lief with clay the valley OF which
e had just made s study" And I )
larl Ritter, one Of the greatest geo
raphers Of all time says: "Pesta-
,ZZi knew less geography than s