davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26
LA COMERIENA
F B RIG A DE TABACOS
de Sanchez heymanos
COMERIO

Ill ceclene avor que venen dpensando los fumadoes de
buen so los tabacos eaboado nuestra ca nos reevs
la tarea de hacer un elogio de dicho roductos
Conocda con las bondades del abaco que empeamos eu
eboracon con solo tener cuen que nuea fabca aca
centro de la prvegda que M neor hoa del pfa>
esar reaconados los mayore echero nos "a
Gil adqurr e tabaco de mo cadad que queempeamos
ofrecemos nuestros consumidores
Hoy tenen 6stos la OCCASION de nar egmo tabaco de
Comero be exento de meza de procedencas compade
do Las diversas vitoas de LA CoMER1ENA PeJa hace i
Dep6atos en- esa cudad: Casa de los senoes Fernan
dez c. Plaza del Mercado-Idem de don Pedro Heda Plaza
de las Delicias
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26
FOSFATlNA FALlERES. AIlmsnto de los KIdqs
A Los HACENDADOS DE CANA

ION Fl ,.o1cio Santiago, de Coamo, tiene
lie venta novillos 6nos propios para yugo.
'namo. Noviamhrs 10 de 1891. P
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26
CERVAN TES

Centric general de publicaciones, para es
ia isla y Repdblica Domincana.
Unicos y exclusives Representatives, de los
-ditores de'Madrd y Barc-ona ssnore.
Fraile H. y Ca. San jose II,
Esta casa Sc hsce cargo de tada clase de-
eomlslones y enca gos pertenecientes al ra
mo. tantn del pals como estrangeros, con-
tando para clio con inteigentes activos
correspondents.
EVPUNTOS DE SUBSCRIPTION Al
Capital an casa de los senores Frai.e H.
y ca San jose 17.-Ponce y su Jurisdiction
los mismo, Reiua numero 12.-Mayagties
y su jurisdiction, don Eduardo Arenas
Arecibo. don Jos6 Ruis .-Manati, idem'
idem Humacao. don Ramon Gonzalez.-
Guyana, don Miguel zugrafa Re tbli-
ca D"mir'oooa. don Sstnrnino Anpdrnii.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26
CoNDICIoNEs Y CoNCEsIoNEs

CoNoCMENToS Esto de
IS
aarte
PAsAJESSu
Los
shda padn
rAsAJhs DE IDA vuELTAPa los va
dc
mo- con 70 p 100 Dc r Los mes de tno
Dc
Ia
ea en naho de ida total vus hubSe
De once 100 aas ans
nclus los crada
day vgeta Ell preco de los crado
moe
mts - ~ -
hem6
dem6 idem
2rancc afrc6nde
de W respective yamento
de
del Gobisno Eshol fmi
II de ~ sos peseas-2 de L., 6S IA, psets
Para mas infmus dngire los Agntea
MAYoL HERMANos & Co.
m q
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26
INSTITUTO DE YAGIINlCIOI
M U UNICIPAL DE CIBO

M UNICIPAL DE ARE CIBO
Vscunaci61 ditecta de Ia ternera todos
los Jueves y Domiugos, gratis en- la Sala
de Socorro.
A domicilio, cads individuo vacunado
dos pesos.
Por On envase coutenienan linfa pu,a
condensada y conservada por sistema espe-
cia, envuelta en- glcer'na des nfectada, Y
sin ninguna otra su-tancia infecciosa, can
tidad suficiente para vacunar cuatro per-
sonas, dos pesos.
Sc traslada a cualquier punto de la Isla
en- que SO garantzen ciento circuenta per
sonas que vacunar. Con los Ayuntamien-
tos SO hscen contratas especiales.
Arecibe, Setiembre De 1894
Santiago Sejo
SAN ANTONIO HNOS.
MooA, PUERTO RICO
Compran w uden frutos del pafs.
abh M0raen de la Fuente
PROCURADOR
Concord'a, frente d
dom FShr Cyosas
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26
d.. a. Il. a. aides
CIRUJANO DENtrISTA AN ERICAN0
Plaza de "LGs Delicias'
"'NCe. priGRrn- RTCn
Buena adquisici6n.

Sc vende con buenns condolences la mdqu,.
na vertacol para mOler cana de la Haciendo
Destino, en- Santa Isabel, de 25 caballoS dt
ftersa, en- nidgnsfcO estado corrieate, con al
g,'saS piesas de repteSto como que eStd ha.
aendo actaalnsente el cosecho puede vfrSele
fanciomGr En- Su case, Sc entregard en- JuEo
1rdlsmo, e., que debe m0atarse otra de mayo,
potsncia. Diriqirse al que s,tscribe. Ponce.
rer0 II 1894 lie Francisco PtRRA.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26

douS hizo a Jorge una seha para que Sc
mantuvicra cicrta distancia.
--Si-dijo fste-to seguir6 de leios.
Y el hermoso Leopoldo Sc lAnao en- pos do
mistress Arabella.
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1894-09-26
vIAJE DE IDA
EECHA6
L1egada saIda

a % an eonsn los aaanao
Cayenne 2s ve u s auaco Ms Colon santThs
IA da ala
Dc los PuI oos este nen sxpn paj
Puerto eno Gunao Colon Puerto Iimon Tene Cauh M
Iila sAiendo de Eeance o dia30 oT
Barcelona solo expin
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

area sou,h,a't of Thu, and both are
marginod on the north by broad strips
OF bottom lands; the third i. the pref
I, Clements valley; while the fourth
Is the northeast extension of the well
known Salem valley, which extends
into this county, from Livingston. as
far as Levias.
The formation next above the last
is known TO biologists as the Chester
group. 1t consists in this county
mainly of sandstones, the limestoncs
and scft shales which are the prodom-
mating constituents of the formation
in other sections ofthe country, being
but lily developed and in part totally
absent here.
Over about two-fifths of the area of
the county, as may be seen by noting
the distribution of the spaces marked
&c on the map, the Chester group Of
rocks are at the surface, and the total
thickness of the strata referred to the
formation is not less than 400 feet.
Most of this large area is more or less
billy and supports fine body of tim
Der, with oaks predominating. Con-
siderable tracts are, however, approx
mately level and we'll suited for farm.
ing purposes.
The conglomerate sandstone, which
is the lowest formation of the coal
measures, rests on the Chester. This
is coarse and generally con-
tains small pebbles of white quartz.
The region where it prevails marked
I'D" on map are almost invariably
high ground. Pilot, Cedar. Hardin
and other knobs, and the high hill ON
the west side of the ,Crittenden
Springs valley are formed of this mas
sive rock. The soil, as usual with
conglomerate soils, is but lily adapted
for ordinary agricultural purposes, but
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

capacity, feature that at no distant
day must make them almost indispen-
sable to the reviving iron and kind
red industries of Crittenden and ad-
jacent counties.
IRON ORE DEPOSITS.
lion ores of several varieties occur
at many points in the county, but
only those occurring in that flinty de-
bris of the st. Louis limestone north
and west of Dycusburg and those in
the same association in the region
between Sheridan p. o. and Hurri-
cane furnace, are likely to have Il
permanent value. These, therefore,
alone deserve mention here.
These two regions contain iron
ores not only of iirst-class quality but
in large quantities as well. The last
fact Is, Of course, of prime import
ancc. These ores are limones crit
brown ores. and both in association
and quality, are precisely like those
of Western Tennessee and the region
of Western Kentucky, commonly de,
nominated as between the rivers. ;
The iron which is produced from
these ores maintains an excellent re
putation for strength and malleabili
:, ty: The Kentucky ore banks, though
very actively worked before the war
y have not produced much iron since
: In the last few years, however. a de
c sic to resume operations has becom
; M ,nifest. Several new furnaces hay
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

monstratcd value occurs in the 60 m
ty. IL; bed is however Of such en-
ccllent quality that its importance as
a fackr in the development of the
county is to be scarcely Overestimat-
ed. Its general excellence as fuel
had long ago been recognized. Be
fore the decadence of the steamboat,
traffic the Tradewater Goals, as they
were called, were esteemed above all
others BY river men for steam making
QUALIFICATIONS the war the Bells,
Caseys, and other mines we're worked
vigorously. Even now, when the
principal demand for the output of
these mines has practically ceased,
limited operations are maintained at
some of them; This is possibly only
beca1s -w premium they CON-
mand over competing Goals, other
wise it would not pay the miners TO
haul their product sixteen miles to
Marion over very rough roads.
But the principal value and feature
of tS.s,ceal lies in its cOking quail
ties, and n this it fills q want that is
being more strongly felt every year
AS will he seen later on, the coke
made from the Underwater Goals APP
pears to compare favOrably in every
feature with the best cokes
of the country. And the value of
this fact in the development of the
iron and other metal 6epos-
its can not be overestimated.
The coal seam is one of the lowest
in the series of true Goals. 1t Outcrops
at number of points along Trade
water, from the mouth of that stream
to Blackfdrd, where the line OF out
crop crosses over into Webster. Only
two mines are in operation in the
county, Barnabys exit and Jacks'')
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

the timber, on the contrary, are not
either in quality or quanti-
ty, by those of any other formation of
the State. These high nobs are also
without doubt eminently suited for
fruit culture. Indeed, Crittenden
county has natural advantages in that
respect that are perhaps equal to any
in the country. 1t is a feature that
deserves to be remembered in the flu
ture development of the county.
In the region marked "E" the low
er coal measures are at the surface.
These are mainly, Of Importance be-
cause of the excellent beds of coal
they contain. They will be discussed
in succeeding section. The soil is
generally above the average, while
the timber growth is nearly as luxuri
ant and good as that of the conglon
crate described in the preceding para
graph.
i The spaces marked "F" represen
bottom lands. These occur mainl
along the Ohio river from Fords Ferr
west. The great end inexhaustabl
| fertility of such lands is SO well know
that anything beyond their mel
, mention is quite superfuous. Coz
siderable tracts of such bottom lane
, also occar in the valley of the Trad
q water.
: BUILDING STONE, LIME, CLAY, ETC
ell Building stone of good quality an
r varieties occurs abundantly through
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

Comparing the above analyses we
find that in the matter of metallic
iron the Crittenden ores almost head
the list, while the phosphorus,
which as explained above should
really be no more than O,2 per cent.
Is considerably lower than in the
Clinton ores or both Alabama and
Tennessee
AS usual these limOnite ores occnr
exclusively in ''pockets. These
are numerous but vary greatly in ex-
tent, a few appearing practically ir.
|e hvusib.e, while many NAV n,
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09
En,roR CRIrrENpEN Press:

EDITOR CRIrrENDEN Press:
In reply to your letter of a few
days ago, requesting a brief account
of the natural resources of the county
permit me to say CD that anything l
can do toward the development of her
latent wealth will be done with pleas
ure; and (2) since such a general IN
terest and desire for knowledge res
pecting the mineral deposits, etc.,
of Crittenden county has been called
to life, I believe that l can not better
economist my already fully occupied
time than by writing the following
conservative statement:
As you will probably wish to pub
lish my letter, it may be we'll to say
why may be expected to know some
thing of the county.
In the fall of 1888 Prof. John Il,
Proctor, the accomplished Chief OF
the Geological Survey Of the State,
sent me to Western Kentucky to make
a careful and systematic survey of the
counties of Caldwell and Crittenden.
A good part of the two years passed
since that date were spent in field
work there, and though the region
presented unusual geological difficult
ties, it may be claimed, without
much fear of contradiction, that no
portion of the State has received q
more thorough investigation. Ny re-
port is nearly ready for publication,
and will be placed in the hands of the
State printer.as soon as he is through
with the work for the constitutional
convention, which at present is claira-
ing his entire attention. This unex-
p,cted delay in the publication of
the full report, makes it desirable
that at least a digest of its contents
be published in advance. Indeed the
numerous inquiries which have been
made during the last two months,
make such publication not only de-
sirable but necessary. if would moi
put more time on individual answer.
thln can spare. l have, therefore,
concluded to write you fairly full
ard perfectly unprejudiced and con
sentative account of my work in Crit
tenden. To make these more availa
hle have prepared the accompany
ing map, drawn to the scale of OIL,
iich-three miles, and showing, | bt
leve, in as clear a manner as possibl
on 90 small q scale, the outlines of tn
county, the watercourses, r,ads, tn
location of the towns, post Offices
principal churches and other we
known points; besides, the outlines q
the different geological formations
the courses of the veins and fracture
of the strata and location of miner,
deposits Of various kinds. 1t ma
take some time to decipher all thel
features, but if you will print it pr
perly, l have no doubt that most ever
one will succeed in doing so.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

iniain over a thousand tors of orc.
la the Hurricane district the Deposit,
are mostly of the smaller sor', lut
being very abundant the aggregate
supply is very large and, no doubt
sufficient to satisfy the demands Of a
furnace for many years.
In the Dscusburg district some of
the deposites are unquestionably very
large. The majority are situated
from one to two miles north of Dy-
cusburg, on each side of Paddy's
creek. A large hill on the South
side of the creek near the river Town
ed by DIR. W. S. Graves, and Messrs
Haywood and MarshaIb must con-
tain an immense quantity of "honey
comb" and spot" ore--mainly the
latter. Going up the creek 1 exam
ined the ore banks chiefly depended
on by the old furnace company.
These are not exhausted by any
means; great quantities of good ores,
principally of the s'honey comb" va
riety, being still! in sight. Another
body of fine ore occures on DR..
Graves land one and one half mile
east OF the burg. l have informa-
ton besides of other bodies in this
vicinity which l did not find time to
visit. Enough was seen however to
convince me that this district could
insure steady supply of ore to a
large furnace 16r at least fifty years.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

and Tates, but evidences of former
activity are to be seen at Lambs,
Caseys, Bells, Spihards, Miners shaft
Cooks, and Nuns or Sneeds mines.
Acioss the river IN Webster the Crab
OrI bard mines, which regard as the
sane bed, are fairly active.
The average thickness of the seam
rs noted at all these points is about
four feet, with the extremes of vari-
alton three feet six inches and five
feet. The roof, wherever | have
seen it, is excellent, consisting gen.
orally of shaly sandstones. At linn
tied points in the mines there may be
u few inches of black slate or shales,
or of softer gray shales between these
and the coal. At the top of the coal
there is almost invariably thin lay
er, several inches, of coal that is
usually termed a camel, but its com.
bogltion, as determined by DIR. Peter
The chemist to the survey, is sucl
that it scarcely deserves that demon
ination. This cap and the severa
in ches of rash coal at the bottom ar
among the chief characteristics O
I this bed of coal.
The main part of the bed, varyin
between three and four feet thicl
consists of a very black and yer
pure, soft, bituminOus coal, closet
resembling the best Pittsburg warn,
ties, in its external appearance thel
: is some filrOus coal between the Ian
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

out the county. The Princeton lime
stone, especially in the Clements val
ley near Bethel church, could he
made to furnish unlimited quantities
of OOlite limestone, nearly all of
which could be burned into lime of
extra quality. Some of the beds
would furnish also large size blocks
of this stone, which is so deservedly
esteemed as a building rock. The
hydraulic limestone on the Cumber-
land at Dycusburg and other points
along the river has been mentioned
already. AS near as can be determ-
ined from analysis, this rock should
make good quality of hydraulic
cement.
Sandstone suitable for ordinary
building purposes is. present in pien-
ty. Tagging of unusual hardness
and remarkably even surface is found
in great quantity in the hills east of
Craynevillc. Massive beds of light
colored sandstone also occur there.
Many of these sandstones are almost
pure quartz, and have been used with
success as furnace Innings. Many
points in the county might be men,
toned where good building stone,
both of lime and sandstone, might |
be quarried, but lack of space for
bids.
Brick clays of good quality are
abundant in the regions where the
Princeton limestone is at the surface.
One bed in particular deserves men,
ton. This is exposed in the road
sides a short distance north of New
Salem church. Its natural light red
color changes to brownish red
when tie clay is burned. The brick
from this clay would
have more desirable color than any
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

The geologically lowest or oldest
formation at the surface in the county
is the st. Louis limestone of the SUBJ
carniferous system. The limestone
itself is but rarely seen, and only at
such points where the drainage is deep
1t outcrops along the Cumberland RI
yer in the vicinity of Dycusburg and
in the bed of Caney Fork at Tolu.
The limestone is compact, silecious
and of various shades of blue. The
beds at Dycusbarg arc fine grained
magnetism limestone. aud would no
doubt make good hydraulic cement.
The regions of the county that are
underlaid by this group of limestones
(marked A on the map are dIstin-
guished by an abundance of ebert or
flint blocks, which have remained as
a residue after the disintegration of
the limestone. The soil covering this
ebert debris is rarely deep, but very
productive. Timber grows well and
rapidly on it, and when sufficient care
is exercised to prevent its washing, it
maintains its rank as one of the best
soils of the state for long time.
| Resting on these cherry limestones
there is another series of limestones,
to which have applied the name OF
Princeton group. They have thick
ness in the county of about 200 feet
and the spaces where they are at tn,
surface are marked "B" on the map
The lower $50 feet consists mainly O
white oolitic limestones many of whicl
would afford good building stone
:. while most of ihe beds could be turne
! into lime of superior quality. TIL
u portion of the group also furnish,
l. The best soils of the county. Thes
y are practically inexhaustable, and
q fertility are scarcely inferior to ii
u far-famed bluegrass" soils of centr
y Kentucky
u The regions where the Princett
y limestOnes are the surface rock are N
q very extensive, yet they constitute
Sc fair proportion of the area of Il
D. county. -Four of these regions d
at serve mention: The first and smalle
US is in the northwestern corner of Il
lg J county; the second forms triangul
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

other known 10 me from Western |
Kentucky. Common red pottery
ware could also be made of it, and
it would serve very we'll as a cheap
pigment.
A large bed of umber and yellow
ochres of very fine quality occurs on
the land of Mr.. T, T. Murphy, stu
ated about, five and one half miles
southwest of Marion. With better
facilities for transportation this de-
post can not fail to remuneratc in
vestment. The bed is between six
and eight feet thick, and has been
traced over an area of at least eight
acres,
| Other cheap pigments could be
manufactured from the soft Chester
shales which are exposed at several
points in the county. | will mention
only two beds which have been sam
pied and tested with satisfactory re
suits The first is an eight foot bee
J of very soft green and purplish shale
occurring on level with the U. V
r. r. beneath the limestones of Gle
quarry, about one and half mile
e west of Nunns station. The Othe
l. is from an even thicker bed of shale
10 on land belonging to Mr.. VIM, vii
son, situated about midway betwee
Marion and Crittenden Springs, o
the line of tho proposed railroad.
dI COAL,
l. Only ono bed of coal having n Il,
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

been bait or sre un,l,r way, and The
revival OF in;crcs, in the irsrd, posts
Is making itself felt throughout wcs-
tern Kentucky. But Crittenden coun-
ty, despite the fact that she had for
merly demonstrated that her iron de-
pOsits are both good and reliable,
seems slow in availipg herself of the
opportunity of riding with the
tide" Thus, while adjoining coun-
ties are pushing their properties into
the foreground, little or nothing has
been done here.
Crittenden furnace, located near
Dycusburg, began running in 1S49
and continued in blast till the loss Of
slave labor during the war, caused
the owners to shut down. For SINH
lar causes the Hurricane furnace.
which was i'm blast during the latter
half o. that period, discontinued
operations.
Complete sets of the ores used a.
these furnaces were analysed by DIR.
Robert Peter, and published in Vol.
4 of the old series of geological re-
ports of the state QS61.) l have
taken the trouble to work out the
average composition Of the ores as
brought out in these analysis, and,
one of the samples was un-
poor and contained a much
larger per cent. phosphorus than
usual, the result is SO favorable that
It may without fear be submitted for
comparison with average analyses of |
the principal ores of Tennessee and
Alabama. 1t should be mentioned,
perhaps, that without the poor sam
pie mentioned, the average of phos-
phorus is 0. 100 per cent.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09
TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE,

The topography of the county, ia
ken as a whole. is decidedly billy.
Much Of this unevenness is the result
of an unusually extensive system of
fracturing, which this portion of Ken
lucky has been subjected to. Many
interesting problems are connected
with these convulsive movements OF
the earthis crust, which so frequently
result in marked Typographical! pecu'
liarities and in this region generally
affect, if they are not the controlling
factors If the line of drainage. These
movements have further been of con
sequence to Crittenden in this thai
to them she owes her mettaliiferouI
veins. Denudation and the levelin9
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09
All That is Needed to Insure Prosperity is the
Development of Crittenden's Natural Resources.

influences of time have wrought great
changes since the shake up era. In
deed, cases might be pointed out
where the present topography is quite
the opposite ofwhat it must have been
Immediately after that era; but, as
the object of this communication is to
show what Is rather than what has
been, their discussion would be out of
place here.
Except in the southern and north
western portions of the county, the
hills consist almost uniformly of sand
stone. In the excepted regions the
"flint" or ebert debris of the St. LOUIS
limestone is the predominating rock.
1t is to the "flint hills" of these regi-
ons that the valuable limonite iron
ores are restricted.
Drainage is ample, as may beseen
from the abundance of the streams.
Most of these flow into the Ohio river,
which forms the northern boundry OF
the county. The Tradewater flows
along the northeastern border, and
the Cumberland forms about five miles
of the southwestern boundary. The
possession of facilities for cheap trans
pOrtation, such as is afforded by these
navigable rivers, is of the first impor-
lance in the development of the re-
sources of any locality. Their value
here can not be overestimated.
Crittenden press. [volume] (Marion, Ky.) 1879-1907, 1894-08-09

Those conversant with these mat.
tiers will see at once that these Goals
compare very favOrably with Yough-
igheny coal, which is so deservedly
esteemed by the blacksmiths and for
gas and coke. They are clearly bet
ter than any of the other Goals used
In Western Kentucky. But, as has
been stated already, the most impOr-
tlnt advantage lies in their coklng