The herald., 1894-06-10
POWHATAN'S TRIBE
LAST REMNANT EXISTS IN THE Pi
MuNKEY INDIANS OF VIRGINIA.

A Town of 500 Acres with ITO Inhabitant
Proud of Their Lineage, They AcceJ
White Persons as Equals, but VIII Has
Nothing to DO with Negroes.
How strange ii seems that remnan
of the once powerful confederacy q
Powhatan should actually exist at thi
day not SO very far from Washington
This last fragment Of nation, which
at the time of the landing of Columbus
occupied all of the region hereabout
| including q large part Of Virginia ami
! Maryland, consists of about | o individ
ua1s. They call themselves the Pamun
keys and dwell at what is known as I'm
diantown, which is situated on an,
comprises the whole of curiousIl
shaped neck of land extending into Pa
munkey river and adjoining King VIII
liam county, Va, on the south. TIN
town" consists Of 500 acres and is al
most entirely surrounded by water, be
ing connected with the mainland by (
narrow strip. The comparative safety
afforded by the situation in time Of wa
is doubtless accountable for tho preseno,
Of the tribe in this spot. Very likely
their survival is due to the protection
thus given.
On the death of Powhatan he was sue
cceded by Opechancanough, chief Of the
Panunkeys. The tribe was at that time
the most powerful of the 80 warlilxa
tribes which composed the confederacy.
The entire nation had 2, 400 warriors,
and comprised about s, 900 individuals.
OF this population 1000 were of the
F 5siiiunkey contingent.
Powhatan was chief of remarkable
valor and Judgment. The confederacy
organized under the direction of his
savage genius was one of the most not
able among the many unions of native
American tribes The prominence Of
this aboriginal nation in the early his
tory of this country is partly due to the
fact that Captain John Smith was o
writer as well as an explorer. Opechan-
canough himself was a man of unusual
ability. His leadership in the massacre
of 1892 made him the most dreaded en-
envy ever encountered by the colonists
of that period
The Pamunkey Indians, whose dis
tinction it is to be the only Virginia
tribe that has survived the encroachment
of civilization, have excited the inter-
est Of the bureau of ethnology, which
has issued q bulletin describing them.
Oddly enough, their number has va
ried hardly at all during the last CEN
fury. Jefferson, writing in 1881, esti-
Oh ,1o+ -f It'd ct
100, and How nearly 70 years later,
placed it at the same figure. No men,
Der of the tribe is of full blood While
the copper colored skin and the straight,
coarse hair Of the aboriginal American
show decidedly in some individuals,
there are others whose origin would not
be detected by the ordinary observer.
There has been considerable intermix-
ture of white blood and not little of
that of the negro, though the laws Of
the tribe now strictly forbid marriage
with persons of African descent.
The Pamunkeys have a great deal of
race pride. Though they acknowledge
Che whites az equals, they consider the
blacks far beneath their social level.
Their feeling toward the negro is illus
trated by their recent indignant refusal
to accept a colored teacher who was
sent to them to conduct the free school
which the state of Virginia provides for
them. They are very anxious to keep
their blood free from further mingling
with that of other races, and how to ao-
conplish this purpose is serious prob
lem of theirs, inasmuch as they recog-
nize the danger Of too frequent mar
riages within the pale of consanguinity.
To obviate this difficulty the chief men
have been trying to devise plan by
which they may induce immigration
from the Cherokees of North Carolina
The Pamunkey Indians are not par
ticularly strong and robust, perhaps
because of frequent marriages between
relatives They are temperate, moral
and peaceable There is good feeling
between them and their white neigh
bors. They are exceedingly proud Of
their lineage and love to tell how brave
ly and stubbornly their forefathers re-
sisted the encroachments of the whites
Opechancanough is their hero. They
take great delight in reciting the fanil-
ar story Of how this noted chief, when
Id and infrm, was carried on litter
to battle that his presence might inspire
his men to deeds Of bravery. Aside from
their mode of subsistence, there is moth
ing peculiar in their manners and GUS
toms unless it be an inclination to ex-
cessive use Of gaudy colors in their at
tire. Their homes are comfortable and
we'll kept. They all belong to the Bap-
list denomination and attend church on
the reservation every Sunday.
They obtain their living for the most
part in true aboriginal style. Their
chief occupations are hunting and fish
ing, primitive dugout canoes being used.
Farming they do on a small scale, but
for manual labor they entertain truly
aboriginal dislike, frequently hiring ne
procs to attend to their little truck
4ches. Considerable numbers of rao-
IS, muskrats, offers and even deer
captured on the reservation. The
- are sold in Richmond and Balti-
10 as we'll as many of the fish they
oh. They take shad, bass herring
and other fishes in large numbers by
means of seines
In the autumn they hunt reedbirds in
a very curious fashion. They have what
they call ''sora HORSE resembling
peach basket in size and shape and made
of atrins ne iron Before thev had iron