davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1894-06-26
Kann BON 6lad fasen.
Wie Elm poIiaiif cine pradtpole perle in
elmer muideI finoet,
g 10 Nnrf. 26. SUM.

II 10 U AOs ONIFF
@eitern faufte Ser BoGi3iit Neui6dfer
auf Der StraBe picr5ig CLANS" fir %
GentS unb nabm tie nit nab 6auie. 8eim
Oeffnen Ser Mui9eltbiere fanb ct in etnem
oerlelben cine 4erle bon IS @ran @eiDi6t.
bieielbe lit etn pabres 8rahtitid unb an
S5orm uno Sarbe poafOmmen. Sin SUI
tpelter IN Maiben 2ape bat ben Wertb Der
Rerle auf $4,000 ab9ei9Gbt.
, 1894-06-26
0reifen Bei0e sum Strid.
maren Ses Kompfes urn oas pofein miioe.

9ooenPort ST., 26, SUM.
Ntor s. @bterS, Elm 62ia6rtger Mann,
Der icbon iett l6n9er 3eit lei6eno unb in
Tolge oeien benz Griibiinn perfoQen mar,
bat ttcb geitern Wtor9en in ie~inerQBobnuug
erbGn9t; er binterldBt cine Somtlie.
&nberipn, Snb., rs. Surf.
0eitern macbte 9totpeQ Bartlett in eli
lem GuBen8ebGu6e BET ieiner 0o6nung
ieinem 2eben burh GrbGngen Elm Gn6e.
@ud BET t6m CAB SriIbitnn bic @eranleiz
Jung sW Der Shat.
, 1894-06-26
GtsentRamliher Gooesfau.
Gin iunees urdoden in 9oIee elmer Ders
Iebuus our9 cine Reufdrede 9etorben.
80 a q 10 Sn6., 26. Stunt.

Us ct q 10 SNO.I 10 N3N0E'
Die ie6S3ebnidbrige WfaD 6o!mes bon
Qltlpoo6 erbielt Dur9 cine seventeen
years"@6eui6rede eine 8ertebung am
6alie. Die 8un6e begonn iOfOrt AT
i9peaen, baS 1unge MdO9en lit furbtz
bare S6mer3eu, ltnb berLOr iebr baIb Die
6erribaft iber i6re @lieber, Gs wuroe
Elm 9(r3t berbeigerufen, aber berieIbe Derz
mobte ser Batientin feline 6iilfe SIT gee
pGbrcn, un0 baS WtdOdben itarb fur3e Belt
barauf unter ben 9rGBlicbiten S3mer5cn.
, 1894-06-26
6eueraIfonfuI in Berlin.
CHARLES De Hay ans uew Qorf.

@afbin8tOn, 9. g., %. Stunt.
Der 8rGitbent bat Charles 0e SAB
aus Gsen OOrt gum @eneralfon1ul III Ser
lin un6 SenrD Sits gum Boftmetiter in
Manttopoc in WiSconftn ernonnt.
, 1894-06-26
Streifenoe Brubenarbeiter.
6wan3ietauieno Stahlarbetter oaonr9 in
MlitIeioenf6aft ee3oeen.
@6tnburgb, 26. Stunt.

nngefabr IS 5000 @rubenarbe;ter baben
ge9en Die beabit6ti9te SerabieBung ibres
2obnes 9eitretft.
Ourcb ben Streit merben aub 10000
Sta9larbeiter bei9afti9un9slOs, neil es an
TeHerungsmoteriaI feDlt.
, 1894-06-26
Shiffsnahrihten.

SEEM Oorf; gfomaotc bon Qioerpoo[,
&atler Wtlbelm II. BON @enua.
gtep yort: u9fuiita" BON Qam1
burg.
, 1894-06-26
Grubenun9Gud in Spanten.
N6t foot.
W}abrt6. 25, sunni.

Sn 2egaliba6 bat itc6 Elm 0ru6euungIiif
3u9etragen. Qt6t 2e;den purben aus Der
geidafft un0 81 Ntann iper6en nod
DermiBt.s
, 1894-06-26
- Sn Sbottlan6 itn6 i1on tpte6e
5000 &oblengrdber am Nustanb.

= Die ruilti9en 3eitungen b~efiirporten
0te Wabl Gaitmtr B6rier'8 gum BrGiiz
benten, un6 erfldren, 0oB Der Sob Garnot's
All ben ber3Ii9en 8e3tebungen stpii6en
9uBtanO uuO Srantrei3 NIGHTS g%edubert
bGtte.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
NOW A PROHIBITION STATE
No Authority for the Sale of Liquor In
South Carolina.


COLUMBIA, =. c., May 9.-The state SUI
preme court has decided that prohibition
Is in force in this state. The decision came
about on two cases from Florence, one an
injunction asking that the city council Of
Florence be restrained from issuing IL
censes for the sale of whisky. The other
was a habeas corpus proceeding for the re-
lease of j. Ellis Brunson, who had been
arrested in the same city for selling
whisky, and who was alleged to be in Gus
tody The court decides that there is no
authority for the granting of licenses.
Most of the saloonists here say that they
will abide by the decision and close their
places of business as soon as they under
stand the situation fully. The court goes
so far as to order the prosecution of the
men who instituted the habeas corpus
proceedings before it.
Section 1874 Of the general statutes i'm
poses a fine of not less than 5000 or a sem
tence of not less than six months in the
penitentiary on all persons who sell whisky
without license. So far as known, how
ever, there is no punishment for the ship
ment of whisky into the state.
Governor Tillman was asked what he
intended to do about trying to enforce the
prohibition law. He said he would lend
his moral support to it, and do all he could
to enforce it. He also said that he was
glad the uncertainty about affairs had
been settled. The prohibitonists say that
they will prosecute violators of the law,
and 1t is supposed that the city and county
authorities will do likewise.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
DESPERATE CoNWCTS.



JACKSON, Mich, May "a determined
attempt was made Monday night to blow
up the state prison with dynamite, and
but for the prompt action of Deputy
Northrup and Guards Horning and Muir
ply it would have succeeded Some 15O
convicts from the west cell block had been
attending literary society. On their re
turn, just before entering their cells,
Guard Horning was attacked by one of
convicts. lively struggle ensued, par
tlcipated in by three convicts and the
three officers While two of the convicts
were struggling with the guards third
spranE into window and attempted to
light Il fuse attached to four sticks of dy-
namite. He was restrained and the pris-
oners locked up.
The principals in the affair are Edward
Huntly, sent from Detroit for twenty
years for burglary and who was shot
through the lower portion of the abdomen
While attempting to escape year and
haif ago; Joha Demann, sent from Grand
Rapids on a fifteen years sentence for mur-
der in the second degree. and Arthur Law.
renee, colored, sent from Eaton county for
ten years for burglary. Warden Cham
berlain believes that others were inter
ested in the affair. Where the dynamite
came from is a mystery.
An entertainment which was to have
been held in the prison last night was de-
clared of. Ii is believed this is because
the officials think that many other con
victs are implicated in the plot for escap-
ing. A slip of paper was found In the
convicts' dining room on which was writ
ten: Lawrence is d fool II he'd
waNed till today we'd all be free or in
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

TRENTON, May 9.-The grand command
cry of the New Jersey Knights Templar
met here and elected the following Off
GERS: Grand commander, James Mccain,
Trenton; deputy grand commander, Ed.
ward Mills, Camden; grand generalssimo,
Robert Dingwell Newark; grand prelate,
Rev, Gearge c. Maddox Trenton; grand
captain general, John e. Rowe, Newark;
grand senior warden, John b. Alstrom,
Long Branch; grand Junior warden, Will
lam A. Sebring, Plainfield; grand treas
urer, Frederick G. Weise, Bordentown;
grand recorder, Charles Bechtel, Trenton;
grand standard bearer, DIR. Peter McGill,
Lanibertville; grand sword bearer, Will
lam B. Pugh, Jersey City; grand warder,
j. 5. Davidson, Washington; grand cap
tain of the guards, Alfred L. Osmond,
Trenton
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
GENERAL swEErLAND ARRESTED.
Taken to q Police station on Arriving in
New York


NEW York, May 9.-Fifty-nine of the
sixty Coxeyites who form General Sweet
lands Connecticut division of the army
arrived at she Peoples party headquarters
last night. Police Superintendent Byrnes
compelled them to abandon the march in
body from the Harlem river bridge to
East Tenth street. General Sweetland
himself was arrested by Captain Thtmp-
son, of the fremont station, where he was
confined for the night. The general in
sisted on his rights as a citizen, and
wanted to fly the American flag, but he
was made prisoner. The captain insisted
ON the flags being furled. He, however,
consented to allow the army to walk in
groups through the Streets In this man
ner the men reached Fast Tenth street.
They had marched from Rye, N. Y.
The utmost indignation was exhibited
by the members of the Peoples party
when the news of the arrest was made
known. meeting of the state commit
tee was at once held, and resolutions were
adopted condemning "the desperate and
unconstitutional and revolutionary pro-
ceedings of the general authorities In de-
nying the right to address the American
people from the steps of the Capitol at
Washington, and also condemning "the
pulling down of the American flag by the
local authorities of this city us an act of
high treason"
The Central Labor union passed similar
resolutions.
The contingent will leave for Washing
ton
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
THE STRIKING MINERS.
Men Forced from Their Work in
Indian Territory.
MORE MARYLAND MINERS NOW OUT
West Virginia Mnitiamcn who Are Com
manded by q Coal Baron Announce
Strikers II Necessary a..[..

PHILLIPsBURG, Pa. May 9.-Three hun
dred miners from the neighborhood OF
Keystone Hill made their appearance at
the mines OF Richard Hughes, near Osce.
ola, for the purpose of trying to induce a
number of miners at work there to Join
the strike, but thus far have not fully
succeeded in their purpose. The mine
supplies the Tyrone paper mill with coal,
and at first tho working miners, who
were armed, declared that they were
American citizens and proposed to do as
they pleased. The delegation then went
into temporary camp on the township
road. Finally the men at work decided
that they would not go into the mine
while the delegation remained there, and
the visitors sent to Osceola for recruits to
come and relieve them, and the men are
still keeping up the siege. The operators
announce that they will have policemen
Oh hand to protect all who want to go to
work, and trouble is probable
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

CUMBERLAND, Md, May 9.-Mr Alfred
Nets, young and prominent miner, EN-
ployed in the Potomac mine near Barton,
Aliegeny county, met with most horri-
BILE death while at work in the mine. He
was engaged in undermining breast of
coal when suddenly the roof caved in
upon him and almost mashed his body
into jelly. He was instantly killed The
unfortunate man was 25 years of age and
was the only support of an aged mother
When the old lady learned the news she
tainted. Metz refused to quit work yes
terday when asked by some strikers, on
account of his mother. for the love Of
whom he met his distressing fate.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

CLEVELAND, May 9.-Colonel KEENAN,, Of
the Fifth regiment of the National Guard,
has been notified that three members Of
Company B have been discharged by their
employers for responding to Mayor Bees
call for militia to suppress the riots on
Wednesday last. The Ohio law imposes
a line of $1,000 and six months imprisou-
ment for just such attempts to prevent
soldier from responding to call, and it is
altogether probable that the indiscrction
of the employers will result uncomfort-
ably for them
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

WASHINGTON, May 9.-An enthusiastic
meeting of Washingtouians interested in
the organization of an association devoted
to reform in the civil service was held at
Wizards hotel last night. There were a
number of public men present, including
Senator Lodge, Representative Harter
and Civil Service Commissioner Lyman.
Senator .odge and Representative Harter
made brief addresses, warmly supporting
the project of organizing an association
like the one contemplated. Mr.. Ledge
stated that he was in favor of putting
fourth class postmasters under, the civil
service law, and declared himself in favor
of Senator Morgan's bill rehabilltating
the consular service on civ il service lines.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

PARKERsBURG, w. Va, May 9,-Orders
has been issued to Companies c. d, + and
X Of the West Virginia National Guard
to be ready to move at two hours notice,
and several other companies have been
asked to hold themselves in readiness for
action in anticipation of trouble with
West Virginia miners. Brigadier General
spillman is superintendent of the Monon-
gate Coke and Coal company, the largest
in the state. The companies have each
notified General Spillman of their readi-
ness to move at his command.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
Highest of all in Leaycning Powell U Govt Report
Roe! Q! BskiIeg Bs,kasgl:
ABSOLUTELY EUEE


At this season. when tho family de.
parts from town, word must be spoken
in behalf of the house cat, too often left
behind to lead a yagrant and precarious
existence. Already on the Back Bay.
WI here early closing" ia the rule, the
cats have become conspicuous by the alb
SEX nee of their owners. A few less felines
in the world are not objected TO, but
that suffering and slow starvation should
attend their taking off is shame to hu-
manity. Unless the devoted house cat
can be provided with summer home, it
Should be mercifully put out of exist
erce in way the animal society under
Stands how to do perfectly - w.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

CAPE MAY, May 9.-Richard Pierce, col
ored, is on trial at Cape May Court House
Tor wife murder, and the trial will doubt
less last several days. The defense will
attempt to prove that another colored
man, stranger In the place. committed
the crime, and that Pierce was not in the
vicinity at the time. The prosecution re-
lies on evidence almost purely circum-
stantial, but it was found to be very con
yincing as presented by the grand jury
The murder was committed in Goshen on
March 10, and is the third murder in the
history Of the county. There has never
been conviction of murder in the first
degree in this county. 5.. ...-.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

MONTREAL, May 9.--Port Neuff county
Is in state of turmoil on account of con
tinued disturbances of the earth. A dis
patch from st. Anne dc In Pnrde says the
village is in imminent danger Of destruc-
tion by landsldes as result OF last weeks
calamity. Five houses have already been
carried away into tSe river, aud ten more
are crumbling. The Canadian Pacific
railroad bridge Ia cru'nbling, and when IL
finally goes it is certain that the whole
village will be carried awsy with it. Peo-
pie here arc very much frightened. and
are leaving their houses with all theis be-
longings for safety.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

PARIS, May 9.-The Socialist extreme
left attempted to defeat the government
on the question Of the prosecution Of NJ.
Toussaint, the deputy who interfered with
the strike Of the workmen employed at
the Trignac Iron works, by melting the
men to continue the strike, and who il
also accused of insulting the authorities.
The committee reported against the pro-
posed prosecution, but Premier Cassimer-
Perier insisted, and was sustained by q
vote of 29l to 30
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
Trouble In the Chickasav Nation.

DENIsoN, Tex, May Ex-Governor Jones
Wolfe, Of the Chickasaw nation, who has
been indicted upon the chargs of embez
cling between $25, 900 and S75, 900 of tn.
per capita funds, has been arrested. Fl,
had been candidate for reelection, but
upon being arrested withdrew from tn,
race. Governor Wolfe, just after his ar
rest, removed Judge Joseph Kemp from
the Chickasaw bench and appointed Isaac
Burrus his successor. Kemp has refused
TO give up, and in the present condition OF
Chickasaw politics trouble is looked for
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

HOUSTON, Tex, May 9.-The first regi-
ment of the Industrial army is in trouble,
its leading general, j. b. Paterson, being
b"hina the bars. While the army stopped
in the open air, and lived on bread and
coffee in camp, he boarded at n So so a day
hotel. Patterson applied to the Alvarado
hnlBhts OF Pythlas lodge for financial as
distance, claiming membership in Chi
eago lodge. They gave the money, but
When the Chicago lodge was asked to re-
mt they branded Patterson az an impos-
ter. The Alyarado lodge wired here to
have him arrested for s~indling, stating
thsy would pay all expenses.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

SACRAMENTO, Cal, May 9.-The Indus
trial army camped at Suffers Fort ex-
pected to move eastward on a train yes
terdny afternoon, but were disappointed,
as Colonel Carpenter, alias Inman, and
Captain Logan, custodians of the funds
amounting to $500, cannot be fou nd 1t
is thought they have decamped
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

WAsmNdTon, =. 9.-Ibe president
sent the followins nominations of post
masters to the stra.c: Lyman Il. Carter
New Hartford. Conn; John p Flynn,
salem, \. j.; John NJ. Hetfeld. p.ainheld,
y. j.; Elijah Griswald. Riverhead, n. Y.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

LEHIGH, ]. t., May Civilians Bros,
proprietors of the Strip Pit, broke their
promise to the striking miners and again
commenced loading coal. The men were
working under guard of dozen United
States marshals when thousand striking
miners, headed by about 500 women and a
brass bard, and $50 men heavily armed.
marched doown upon them. The work
men and marshals, seeing that it was i'm
possible to cope with this force, offered no
resistance and the men quit work.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

MEMPHIS, May 9.-Rcports from Hill
House, Cohoama county, Miss, are to the
sfect that serious race trouble is immi-
nent. A white planter named Lombard
tntorfered and prevented mob of negroes
from lynching one of their own color.
Since then his gin house and other build
tngs have been burned, and at present
both sides are armed and the blacks are
swearing vengeance. The blacks number
about fifteen TO one white, and considera-
BILE apprehension is felt for the on tcoIne
Of the trouble
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

LEBANON, Pa, May 9.-County Detec-
tive Hunter learned that woman named
Struppenhauer residing two miles from
Annville, had been tied up at her home by
robbers, and while in helpless condition
robbed of a considerable amount Of money.
The woman was alone in the house when
surprised and attacked by two masked
men, who looked like tramps. They car
ried off two gold watches. Mrs Struppen-
hauer was liberated by the neighbors, who
first discovered the outrage
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
Illinois Operators Decline Arbitration.

CHICAGO, May 9.-Owners of the north
ern Illinois coal mines have refused to go
into the conference to be held for the pur-
pose of arranging basis of settlement for
the miners strike. The northern Illinois
owners claim that they are not interested
parties to the matters in dispute. The
trouble originated between the owners of
the Ohio and Pennsylvania mines, and
their men and they must settle their diff
ferences as best they can.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

BALTIMORE. May "a broken trolley
wire on the Central Electric railroad oc-
casioned singular and destructive acct
dent at the southwest corner OF Lanvale
street and Myrtle avenue. The house on
this corner was made almost a total wreck
by car jumping the track and running
straight through The front wall into the
parlor. Mrs. p. A. Colder and family,
the occupants, and eleven passengers in
the car narrowly escaped fatal injury.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

LoNAcoNINe, Md, May 9.-The en-
ployes Of the Borden Mining company,
Barton and Georges Creek Valley Coal
company, Big Vein Coal company, Black,
Sheridan and Wilson company aud Ocean
Mine of Consolidation Coal company have
quit work. Notices have been posted at
all the mines in this vicinity ordering
complete suspension. The employees of
the Potomac Coal company at Barton
have also quit work A general mass
meeting of all miners and employees of the
region met today at 10 o'clock near this
place.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
A College rro,essnr Ertircs.

STATE COLLEGE, Pa, May o Professor
John Pemberton, passed engineer of the
United States navy, on the retired list,
who has been assistant professor Of me-
chanicai engineering here for the past i've
years, has resigned, ard will make his
future home in New York city. His sue
cessor will be appointed at the June meet
ing of the board of trustees.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

IRON GATE, Va, May 9-1he man who
criminally assaulted Miss Pierson near
Eagle Rock Saturday was captured in the
mountains one mile west Of Gala water
station yesterday by Robert Cooper. lie
gives his name as George Dotson, of Lew
isburg, w. Va. He was hurried off to
Fincastle, strongly guarded. Excitement
runs high, but it is hoped the people will
let the law take its course.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

g BALTIMORE, May s.--Mrs Maggie Ken
nfdy. well known professed spiritual
medium here. has sued Moritz Schirman
ccs $4,000 damages for slander, Mrs.
Kennedy, who claims to be teacher and
lscturer of the science of religion and spir-
itualism, alleges that at a mass meeting
May Schirman said; "You (mcaning
Mrs. Kennedy are no medium and you
aro no lady and no spiritualist. You amt
pothing; you are a common old thing.n
These remarks, she says, broke up her
meeting and injured her reputation with
her patrona
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09
NUGGETS OF NEWS.

A gigantic ice combine has been formed
In New York which will doubtless result
in increasing the price this summer.
Governor Flower has signed the bill
preventing the removal Of the City hall,
New York, or the building OF q new one on
its site.
The federal grand jury at New York in
dicted Frederick e. Edgar for embszzlina
about $50, 600 of the funds of the Trades
mems National bank.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

WASHINGTON, May 9.-Senor Zeballos,
the Argentine minister, is in receipt of
dispatch from his government, which says
that there is no crisis in the ca abinet there.
as has been reported In the newspapers.
The dispatch further says that the dis
turbance is limited to the farmers, which
the minister explains is due to lack Of
money among them on account of poor
crops, caused by drought.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

SEDALIA, Mo-, May 9.-Cashler Thomp-
son, of the First National bank, is miss
ing. Warrants charging embezzlement,
false bookkeeping and false reports are
out for him. The belief is that the bank
has been completely looted. President
Newkirk and Thompson's wife are in a
critical condition from the shock.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

BIRMINGHAM, Ala, May AT Blue
Creek mines over 100 negroes were put to
work without molestation, and the evic-
ton of striking miners is in progress
This has irritated the strikers consider
ably, and continued threats of violence
are being made. Threatening notices,
bearing dEggers, pistols. collins and cross
bones, are being posted promiscuously.
The situation is serious
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

NEw YORK, May Q, Mrs. Elizabeth
Saunders, IS years old, jumped from the
third story window of her home at III
Avenue A to the pavement below She
died few hours later from the injuries
received. She had been anxious to go to
hospital for relief from nervous truu-
BILE of long standing, but her mother-in-
law. who is 90 years of age, induced her to
remain at home
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1894-05-09

Los ANGELES, Cal, May 9.-E. j.
('Lucky'D Baldwin was yesterday sued in
the superior court by Miss Lillian A. Ash.
ley, of Boston, for $4,000 for seduction.
Miss Ashley alleges in her complaint that
fIpm March 3, 1893, to Dec. Z, 1898, she
had been living in Los Angeles with Bald.
win, and that she became the mother OF
his child. The plaintiff has long array
OF distinguished attorneys to conduct her
rAsa