davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
Nutritious Fruits.

There are many kinds of fruit which
of themselves are sufficient to sup
port healthy life, among which may
be mentioned the date, banana and
plantain, figs when dried, the bean of
the carob or locust tree, and the fruit
of the baobab or monkey bread tree,
which is eaten by the natives in West
Africa. All these contain sufficient
fat, sugar, starch, pecten, gum and
heterogeneous matter to support healthy
life. OF all these preference must be
given to the banana, which supplies
to many millions permanently nutri-
tive food, and to the fruit of the date
palm, or Phoenix dactylifera, which
serves as an exclusive article of ali
ment in parts of North Africa, Arabia
and Persia. Tn all Fezzan," says
one authority, ''the date is the staple
food not only for men, but for camels,
horses and dogs. Nineteen-twen-
tieths of the population live on dates
alone during nine months of the
year" In the Hadji, or pilgrimages,
the price of dates at Mecca and Me-
dina forms the first question asked be-
tween the Arab pilgrims going to and
returning from the sacred city. Cakes
of dates pounded and kneaded into a
solid mass constitute the main nutri.
ment of the caravans crossing the
Sahara. From the fresh juice of the
date wine and, also, vinegar are made,
and spirits distilled, while the stones
or seeds are roasted and largely used
instead of coffee. New York Dis
patch.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
Making the Desert to Blossom.

"The desert wastes of New Mexico
and Arizona may yet be broad fields
of pasturage covered with herds of
fattening cattle if the hopes of the
men who are deeply interested in GER
tain experiments are realized" said
j. F. Wilcox, large ranch owner in
the Panhandle country of Texas.
1.-The expectations of these men are
based upon the wonderful vitality of
alfalfa, or Mexican clover, the growth
of which is astonishingly rapid and
field of which will yield several crops
in a season. Its roots are said to go
far down in search of moisture, some
times to depth of eighteen to twenty
feet, ap$ nutritious properties and
the an I'll which stock eat it are
well The large land and live
stock Investment companies which are
now operating in New Mexico and
Arizona have, as an essential part of
their schemes of utilizing the desert
lands, the growing of large tracts of
alfalfa, with which to feed their range
cattle and other stock. At one ranch
alone, La Cucoa, in Mora County, New
Mexico, 1000 head of range cattle are
now being fed and fattened for mar
ket on alfalfa. The Mexican clover is
grown by aid of modern irrigation
and the lands laid down to it tend to
improve in fertility. Stockmen down
in that country have lost all faith in
the proves of modern makers
and their schemes, and they are turn
ing their efforts into more practicable
channels. San Francisco Chronicle.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
CALIFORNIA HARVEST SCENE.



A Machine That Outs, Tfreshcs. and Sacks
tho Grain.
The accompanying illustration
shows scene on large California
wheat ranch Ia harvest time. Many
men not SO very old can easily remem-
Der when the best known manner Of
harvesting wheat anywhere in tho
world was by means of the cradle"
swung from right to left by one man,
who thus cut the grain and laid it 10
o continuous swath, whence 1t was
raked up and bound in sheaves by
the man who followed close behind
the GRADER with wooden toothed
hand. rake. Two men thus equipped
could cut and bind from two to five
acres in one day, but to keep up the
work for week or two In succession
with an average OF three acres per
day was called good record. To be
sure, the cradle" was vast advance
over the sickle which preceded it,
and which had been used in the har-
vest for thousands of years, but tn
the wheat farmers of to-day both are
as antiquate1 as the ark of Noah.
The machine here shown is the
latest triumph in harvesting ma
chinery known to the harvest fields
Of California. 1t is a marvel of
power and efficiency and will no doubt
long remain at or very near the head
Of the list. The great traction en-
CINE which moves the whole weighs
twelve tons. 1t moves at a speed of
three and half miles per hour, cuts
a swath twenty-five feet wide and
harvests hundred acres per day. 1t
not only cuts the grain, but threshes
1t, sacks it and piles it in heaps OF
nine sacks each. Only eight men are
required to do all this, and they work
under the shade of an awning. Tho
cost Of such train of ponderous har.
vest machinery is $4,000; and it Is
cheaper, in proportion to its capabili-
ties, than was the old-faShioned
cradle at IS. To do the same amount
of work by animal power would re.
quire at least fifty horses and also a
great many more men. 1t will thus
be seen that although the first cost OF
such harvesting machine is greater,
it is after all, the least expensive ap-
pl1ance that exists for harvesting
large areas.
To show the absolute necessity OF
such machinery in these days of enor-
nous production of cereals, we have
only to cite the fact that the farmers
of the United States harvested last
year "a, 629, 41S acres of wheat. OF
this immense acreage 1920, 400 acres
were harvested in California, 2,76s,.
092 in Kansas, 2,683, 9O4 in Ohio,
2,523,36 in Indiana, 1,348, 462 in
Illinois, 3,197, 1863 in Minnesota,
2,414, 2S1 In South Dakota and 2, 1851
$50 In North Dakota. The entire
wheat crop Of the United States in
1893 was 396, 131, 1926 bushels.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
Power of the Camera,

The wonderful power Of a photo
graphic camera to bring out details
that are Invisible to the naked eve
was referred to by w. Lewis Fraser
in his lecture at the Academy OF
Fine Arts, and he vouched for re-
markable instance of that kind which
recently occurred in New York. A
photograph was taken of one OF the
new American liners. and on recent
OF the proof the owners were sur
prised to see a handful pasted on the
side Of the hull. An examination of
the ship showed no handful there.
but another photograph revealed the
same result. A more thorough in.
spection revealed the presence of the
mysterious paper buried beneath four
coats OF paint so completely as to de.
fy the scrutiny of a human eye, ex-
cept within the closest quarters
Philadelphia Record.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
IT GIVES WARNING
that there's trnrbla ahoaN

VI EC WAhNlN6
that there's trouble ahead
If you're getting thin.
1t shows that your blood
is impoverished, and your
organs deranged, so that
whatever you eat fails to
properly nourfsh you.
And just as long as you
remain in this condition.
Consumption, Pneumonia,
and other Scrofulous and
dangerous diseases arc
likely to fasten upon you
You should build your
self up with DR.. PERCY
Golden Medical Discovery.
Pr1v-tfp .-I AZ
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
The Lighthouse Dog.

A dog owned by Captain Orcutt,
keeper Of the Wood Island light, has
become famous this week. 1t is Gus
tomary for passing steamers to salute
the light and the keeper returns 1T by
ringing the bell. The other day tug
whistled three times. The captain did
not hear it, but the dog did. He ran
to the door and tried to attract the
captains attention by bowling. Fail
ing to do this he ran away and then
came a second time with no better re-
suit. Then he decided to attend to
the matter himself. so he seized the
rope, which hangs outside, between
his teeth and began to ring the bell.
Lewiston Me- journal.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21

me King dying that we might live. Tell Il Il
MI points OF the compass. Tell ii to nigh,
and day. Tell 1t to all earth and heaven
Tell it to all centuries. all ages all millenni
inns, that we have such magnificent chance
10 this world that we need no other chance
in the next
am in the FURNISHED Judgment hall Of fhe
last day. A great white throne is lifted
but the Judge has not yet taken 1t. While
we are waiting for his arrival l hear immor-
tai spirits in conversation. "What are vo,,
waiting here for?" says a soul that went mn
from Madagascar to a soul that assembled
from America. The latter says, 81 came
from America where forty years heard the
gospel preached and Bible read and from
the prayer that learned in infancy on my
mothers knee until my last hour l had Cos
pei advantage but for some reason I did nor
make the Christian choice, and / am here
waiting for the judge to give me a new trial
and another chance" 'sStrange % SAYS the
other. II had but one gospel call In NADIA
gascar, and accepted 1t, and l do not need
another chance"
why are you here?" says one who on
earth had feeblest intellect to one who had
great brain and silvery tongue and scepters
of influence. The latter responds: ooh. I
knew more than my fellows. I mastered
libraries and had learned titles from COL
leges, and my name was synonym for
my soul. and l am here waiting for a new
trial. Strange" says the one of the
feeble earthly capacity. 81 knew but little
OF worldly knowledge, but l knew Christ
and made Him my partner, and have no need
of another chance"
Now the ground trembles with the ap-
preaching chariot. The great folding doors
OF the hall swing open. Stand back?" cry
the celestial ushers. 'Stand back, and let
the judge of quick and dead pass through -
He takes the throne, and looking over the
throng OF nations He says, "Come to judg-
ment. the last Judgment, tho holy judg-
ment?' By one flash from the throne all the
history OF each one flames forth to the vi
sion of Himself and all others. ''Diyide ~
says the judge to the assembly. "Divide ~
echo the walls. "Divide!" cry the guards
angelic
And now the immortals separate rushing
this way and that, and after awhile there is
a great aisle between them, and great
vacuum widening and widening, and the
judge, turning to the throng on one side,
says, He that is righteous. let him be right
eous still and he that is holy, let him be
molly still, and then, turning toward the
that is uni just let him be unjust still; and
he that is filthy, let him be filthy STILL and
then, lifting one hand toward each group,
he declares, ''If the tree fall toward the
south or toward the north, in the place
where the tree falleth there it shall be. ~
And then hear something jar with great
sound. 1t is the closing of the book of
judgment. The judge ascends the stairs be-
hind the throne. The hall of the last assize
is cleared and shut. The high court Of
eternity is adjourned forever
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
KNOWLEDGE

Brings comfort and improvement and
tends to personal enjoyment when
rightly used. The many, who live bet
ter than others and enjoy life more, with
less expenditure, by more promptly
adapting the worlds best products to
The needs of physical being, will attest
the value to health of the pure liquid
laxative principles embraced in the
remedy, Syrup of Figs.
Its excellence is due to its presenting
in the form most acceptable and pleas
ant to the taste, the refreshing and truly
beneficial properties of perfect lax
ative effectually cleansing the system,
dispelling colds, headaches and fevers
and permanently curing constipation.
1t has given satisfaction to millions and
met with the approval of the medical
profession, because it acts on the Kid
neys, Liver and Bowels without weak
ening them and it is perfectly free from
every Objectionable substance.
Syrup of Figs is for sale by all drug
gists in SOC and 81 bottles, but it is man.
ufactured by the California Fig Syrup
Co. only, whose name is printed on every
package, also the name, Syrup OF Figs
and being well informed, you. will no,
accept any substitute if offered.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21

blood, rouse every organ into natural 81
ton, and build up healthy, wholeson, y
necessary nesn Ocean Port, NJ.
DR.. r. V. PIERCE: Dear Strive have used
your q. MI in our family and find nothing
else to equal it. One Of our children had The
pneumonia. and one lung become CONSOLE
dated, but by the use of the Discover" she
mas entirely recovered, and Is now In rood
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
Could Only Be Answered in Latin.

Little Rastus-Dar's sumpin', fessah.
wants ter ask yer bout de oceanses,
Oars noah watah in de ocesnses a.
high tide'n at low tide. Wat becomee
OF all dat extry watah dat wuz at hirh
tide wen 1t gets to be low tide? Prot.
Johnson-Um-um- OATS q questshun.
honey, at kin only be answered IN
Latin. Umpery, trumpery, dixum
digit sockdologous. OATS vat becomes
ob de watah, honey, only you'se too
young ter un'erstans.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21

Now COMES the Women's Christian
Temperance Union of New York and
allows that a corset is as big a curse
to woman as rum is to man. Thew
both frequently make their victims
very tight. Boston Herald.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21

THE POLITE LETTER WRITER
Elder Sister-rm writing to Amy; is
there anything you'd like to say to
her? Younger Sister (who hates
Amy)-Yes, plenty; but you'd better
only give her my love. It'd
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21

Karl's Clover Root the great blood purifier,
gives freshness and clearness to the complex
ion and cures constipation, rs cts, 80 cts, 81.
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21
CONDENSATION.

1t is said that Roger, the cele-
brated French tenor, was exceedingly
loyal to his profession and was apt to
take offense at any slight, whether or
not it was intended. On one occa-
sion,- he,lwas engaged for the sum of
sixty pounds to sing at the house Of a
rich financier.
Roger sang his first song magni-
ficently, but no one paid him the
slie attention, and the guests
talked their loudest.
Presently the host thought the
time had come for another song, and
sent for Rogers. He could not be
found, and that evening was seen no
more. Next day a note came from
him, accompanied by the sum of
eighty pounds. The note ran thus:
Il have the honor to return the
s'xty pounds which l received for
saying at your party; and l beg
leave to add twenty pounds more for
having so greatly disturbed the con-
versatiOn of your guests
Iuka reporter. (Iuka, Miss.) 1888-1894, 1894-06-21

The celebrated German word which
signitied mutual Life and Fire. In
surance Company" and which has
been cited as the longest word any
language, apparently has re- in
another word, which is found in a
German periodicals.:
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
senschaft
Though this Is a single word in
German, several words are required
to express it In English. 1t means,
as nearly as anything else, 1.-The pro-
fessional association of master CHM
ney sweeps"
An English word of respectable
dimensions can be produced simply
by running all these words into one,
without space or hyphen.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-01
NOTES on MTSfC.

The thirty seventh annual festival OF 'ne
Worcester County Musical Association VIII De heiu
IN Worcester Mass. from September y to ~ TINS
vcar Mr. Zerrahn will be the CONDUCTOR az
usual with Franz Knese as associate The choral
u.orls to be performed are Memberships Elijah.
Iar1rs "Reouiem' Handles "Zadok. the Priest
saint Saenss Samson and llelilah ana se'f,Jn
from Chadwck's phoenix EXpirans ana tuo'"-
stems Paradise Lost.
The Maud Powell String Quartet has just peeh
organized headed by the popular young artist he'
elf The other members are Messrs Johannes ana
r,aul MIersch and Mr. F. Kovacek Quite num- mum
80 ~ concerts have been booked In various cllIrS
throughout the country. and the organization VIII
he heard here early in November.
Anton Seidl has just closed an important CON
tract TO make a tour with his orchestra 'hrouBh
tho n-lncpal cities OF the South. He VIII be ac-
COMMANDED by a number OF singers ana arrange
series Of Wagner festivals
Julia l., Wymna, n1eZzo-soprano, VINO SANG inc
mart of Delah under the personal direction OF
Saint Sagns in France last season mas airNeu III
America and will remain here during me coiihs
season She has been engaged for the Worccs,,ri
Festival and will be heard In concerts III 'is e'''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-01
OLD ASTOR DUELLING TO BE TOXIN DOoN
LEASED On BAIL.

IT WAS OCCUPIED BY THE FOUNDER OF THE
FAMILY FORTUNES AND HAS CHANGED
HANDS MANY TIMES.
The building which the origlna! John JACOB As'or
occupied in this city as dwelling was sod yes'er-
day II Is No. M Broadway running through u
No ia Mercer-st A three-story building IN Mercer
St and a four-story brownstone building IN btoau-
way on a plot 2Sx2Co The seller Is Herman
Wronkow. but the buyers name Is Withheld. Inc
prlce paid is s2O5OOO The building has together win
the land been sold a number of times IN the Ias'
two or three years, each time at an advahce., me
nrst sale was In May. 1891 when the SedgWick rs,
tate sod IL for si,jO0 the wife OF Dr. II Ne",1a
Herman who in sod Il FOR *SsSo 20 IN.
present seller 1t was bought by the original As'or
for a little over 5000. ~, ~. e.os,
The building was for many years one OF the Il'ieot
nriv,te dwellings, in this part Of Newly ork IN tne
gar ~ the Iot was the Aston stable but TINS mas
been torn down and another building put up. lne
intcylor Of the building s;i!l retains some 81 ns
original beauty such massive mahogany o1 9ors'
which were Imported especially Tor TINS Gwtlms;
and handsomely carved hrepaces aiso inpor'ea
from Europe The building was also used as
library for many years The interior mas oe zen
cbaneed somewhat but the general appearance Is me
same as when the original John jacob Astor us s
H. as a residence. The new purchaser VIII tear tne
h,TS,ne down and erect a modern structure IN is
.,ead New-York will thus lose another OF It's Old
time animarks.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-01
: f. BALDWIN CHARGED WITH STUMBLING

Charles f. Baldwin. forty-hve years Old Of No. 80
West Eighteenth-st.. who says he lis journalist"
was held In Tombs Police Court yesterday In de-
fault OF N0oo bail for trial on charge OF larceny
The complaint was made by Vincent J. Milford, an
advertising solicitor for THE Jewellers Circular"
Mr. Milford alleges that September 3. 1885, ne
loaned Baldwin $500 on the declaration that Baldwin
needed the money to induce Potter a Smell a nov
city manufacturing firm. OF Deep River. Conn, 10
accept a patent OF his which, he sald would pay
him a royalty Of $50 a week.
Not receiving the royalty. Mr.. Milford made an
objection 10 Baldwin, who gave him note. osten.
sbly signed by Matthewson w. Potter Later
was discovered that the note was a forgery, ana Q
warrant was sworn out for Baldwin. Detective
Sergeant Titus has been looking for Baldwin since
February Yesterday Mr. Milford learned that
baldwin was in Temple Court. and caused MS ar.
rest General Avery appeared for Baldwin ana
waived examination.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-01
PostOfiice Notice.

Foreign mails for week ending September viii
in all cases. a. 'h as I r3sne. Sutherland
,,sx spain Portugal Turkey British India
La NprmSnae VIA xa Queenstown Geers GERMANY
saa a.r via S Galco VIA f@fnambneo
JanerP uf1i Teret DOR per dalieo5 at 10 Supple:
mentary 1880 nj for Fortune Island ana
saysH n., r se directed per Acne 1880
campech Gs9 s6 other MsScsn states and Cuba must
he a,ree,ed per seneca'D: at 1870 a. m Tor haytl
and po psf Trnia and
Dutch mus, be directed B m Tor wense
and Curacao per caracas ae,tsrs Sc for cumsnS
fG%Sa %ss' a Re
ysa rotterdam deters must b. directed per Maasdam;
at y m to m Tor North Brazil. per 3 Justin via
% Maranham and Ceara deters for Other parts Of
hTsin ana at 8 M Blueaelds Rover from
at % p p iGT from Saris ana
5sys sa yer uc to AS''aa4 saR m
F Fa,s sss eei@ Angus:
Sn m p malls f0s s annr fo% "i rass%
sS.'i e.s
snd u" except S Ssp ,soss for Yves. which
Som S.rs sy Ss to iron sSs
s ~ at e for w's s
nv Mails SS'f for here the up
% f''s Tor here sss
and thence BY close al, a. tn' Ses
9s. se Js . % MEALS e fss
NAM sailing S s S5nG i = arT?s "a :':s'
ss, Sss a: for ~ steamer ss' so:s
's: ss sas 81 F9sy's.; s;z
9O,.oncs New-York. N. T.. August - ise&
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-01
DIED..


Funeral services at church White Plains N f'
ssturd%y sspe%e s5 Is m n' dand Central Depot
inerment at Woodlawn Cemetery. ,
DV Wr,re conn Audrey daughter Of Walter Phelps
and Ida R. H. Dodge the fourth month OF her aga
rERRY-At Block Island Wednesday morning. August
lI't o, S late residence Bethel Conn. Saturday
morning September on arrival OF O'CLOCK tram '"
Interment private. ~.
GRFFIN-On Friday August ss, at ms 10 ,se 5Sh
Funeral services at residence. Sunday sepemo9
HosE-At London Helen. wife OF Henry G. Hose anc
youngest daughter Of the late Robert H. anu "A~'
Newl6rIeans papers please copy.
HosMERon THURSDAY Soth INST Mary Ss las Stephen
Titus Hoe Chief justice Of connses saa Tans Of
the Continental Army.
Funeral private . 49,
uoony n, Thursday August 30 at his home. In Nor
walk Conn. Winfield s. Moody in the 10Th year OF nh
Funeral services a, his residence Norwak on Mon
day september 3D. at O'Clock ,.u ,,.,n ,.avn.
Grand Central Station at II o'clock ., -. tam,
Intermsnt Greenwood at the convenience OF the ia"
II Is requested that flowers be sent
osnORN-At Bradford. y. H.. August 3oth, 1874 Dr:
Francis NJ Osborn. OF Port Chester ~ y In the '4m
Fpara OK from his late residence Hillside View Port
Chester on Monday morning. September g. at IL ocoeA
Train leaves New-York at 0:o5 for Port Chester
in waiting.
PARKS-On Thursday August 80. at his residence. -
Oth-st, William Mcclure PARKS IN the 'o'h 'eaS
cf his
Funeral private.
Interment a Southport, Conn
baltimore Md. papers please copy
SON Of the as thas and
aged - years. . ,,... ... NJ.
Funeral services his residence Prospecta'e.' mo"'
Iay afternoon. September 3. At O'clock
RISSELI,-On August % Georgia Bleything, daughter
OF DR. Everett W. and Louise b. Russell
sHIPLEY-Eighth month. Both. Susan ~ Shipley widow
OF Morris Shpley in her s3d year 49,, ,..
Funeral her late residence near feekskii hintn
month 30. y. IN.
Interment at Yorktown
Garages will meet 9:45 train from Grand Central
Station.
WUITTEMORE-On Wednesday the 29th inst. Franz
lin s. son o Sidney and Emma NJ Whttemore, IN the
18th OF his
day. September 3. at III a. M
XENsICO CEMETERY. Harlem Railroad. - minutes
from Grand Central Depot: new private sftion AZ en-
trance rs Eas. 42d 1t. Telephone call. 800 81
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-01
OBITUARY.
JUSTIN ANDREWS.

Boston. Aug gl-Jussin Andrews one % the
former propretors OF THE Boston Herald died
to-day at his home In Newton.
Fifty years ago NJ was a reporter on the hos
ton Daily Times" and left that paper IN sM 70
start with partners THE Boston Eagle When
The Boston Hera.d'' was established. In 1890. Mr..
Andrews became dentined with H.
In 1862 I'm conjunction with hts brother. Charles
IA Andrews and r. B Haskell two OF the present
Herald" owners and Mcssrs X. NJ fulsifer ana
q O. Bailey he bought the Interests OF u. &.
Ra,ley and for four years longer rema ned as ono
OF the editors. O. % Bailey meanwhile selling hls
posed OF his portion OF the business q his brother
and Messrs Haskell and PulsifeT, and retired per-
manently from active business
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-01
THE NEXT RACE FOR THE AMERICAS
Lonn prxnAvEx MD ms ASSOCIATES WANT IT

LORD pUNRAvES AND HIS ASSOCIATES WANT 1T
SAILED O"l+ newport THE LoAD-LINE.
London. Sept. I.-"Fleld' says this morning. I'VE
understand that Lord Dunraven and the yachtsmen
associated with him DESTROYS that the next con-
test for the Americas Cup be sailed on Newport
instead Of York. In order 10 avoid excursion
steamers Another point 10 be asked for Is that the
Challenger should not be required To name the yacht
nh the close II the English races. 80 I'm case ot TWO
or NOR. being built the best can De selected Thls
accorIs with the proposed Victoria Cup arrange
mcnt. long the Dimensions. sailing length. exc
are adhered u.
Another point FOR decision relates 10 the length
Of the load line and the measurement with the crew
aboard. IL Is thought that eighty feet ioad-ine
should not be exceeded