davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07

solved. Sometimes the layer thus formed
does not exceed q twelve-milllonth OF an
inch in thicknessi
II would not be easy TO explain. without
entering into technicsiities, how the forces
involved In the dlssolvinR action just de-
scribcd result In resistance TO the rising
Of waves. Mathematical considerations
prove that such an effect exists, and II has
been shown experimentally that oleic acid
spreading over water is capable of arresting
the progress OF floating chips driven by the
wind. and even Of forcing such chips to move
against the direction OF the wind. The
power OF q wave is made up OF the combined
energy Of all OF the particles OF water com
posing 1t. but every particle at the surface
of the wave is opposed by tho forces brought
into play by the oleic acid. and thus the ten
dency Of the surface OF the wave 70 break lie
resisted. OF course the formation Of the
wave az q whole cannot be prevented by
this mere surface resistance. but the char
acter OF the action going on at the surface
is controlled by It. and that Is the inpor-
tant thing so far as the safety Of ships
is concerned.
The discovery OF the essential part played
by oleic acid explains why petroleum has
never been found 50 efficient as other ollie.
olive oil for instance. in smoothing waves;
for petroleum contains comparatively
small proportion Of that ingredient. Tho
German investigators would recommend
the use of pure olelc acid except for the fact
that It freezes at about Is degrees above
zero, and consequently is useless in very
cold weather. They have found, however,
that mixture OF oleic acid and alcohol re-
mains liquid at only degrees above zero.
and they accordingly recommend such a
mixture as being tho best wave-calming
means yet discovered. Almost any animal
or vegetable oil Is better than petroleum.
Soap water has been found effective II
soap containing plenty Of oleic acid. which
oil soaps do not contain. is used.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07
Tanning tho Sea.

The effect Of oil In calming the surface Of
o stormy sea, the original discovery Of
which was accidental. has OF late been the
subject OF scientific investigation. and 1t Is
now possible to choose such oils as are best
suited for the purpose. and also to point
out the source OF their peculiar power over
the waves. The statistics collected at tho
photographic Office Of the Bureau Of Navi-
cation show. by the reports OF sea cap
tains themselves. that many a vessel has
been saved not only from serious injury
but from laundering. by the use OF few
gallons OF oil slowly trickled into tho seq.
The influence OF the oil is frequently
described in such reports as wonderful.
magical, and almost incredible.
It is not difficult to see upon what this
calming effect Of oil depends. although the
complete explanation Of 1t involves math-
ematical process OF demonstration. The
oil acts like thin skin drawn over the
water. resisting the tendency OF the latter
TO break into spray under the force
OF the wind. The danger TO q ship from
stoem waves arises from the breaking OF
the waves. AS locg as their surfaces are
smooth and their crests unbroken. the YES
Nel ridee them easily and safely. But when
tuty DIcuh duu bcSOuodTy WaNt6 are
formed. 1t Is quite otherwise. Then the ship
plunges into the foaminR walls upreared
around 1t. with frame racking shocks; i'm
mense masses Of water thunder down upon
Its deck. sweeping everything clean. and
sometimes even the strongest hulls and
the best seamanship are unable TO prevail
In the contest. This is the danger that the
spreading Of oil over the waves removes.
At first sight 1t seems almost impossl-
BILE that thin oily film resting on the tre-
mendous sea waves could exercise a con-
trolling influence over them. The display
OF resistless energy made by the breaking
waves is so imposing and terrific that one
might well believe no power less gigantic
than their own could withstand them. The
effect Of the oil resembles that OF the ap-
parently Insignificant force OF chemical
combination holding In restraint tho ex-
plosiVe energy Of gunpowder.
It Is to German Investigators that We owe
the discovery OF the active agent which en-
ables oil TO exercise its calming effect upon
tho sea. This agent Is olelc acid. an ingre-
dent found In lard. olive oil. and many
other oils. Those oils that possess the
largest proportion OF oleie acid are the most
effective In controlling the waves. II Is
through its gradual separation from the
rest OF the oil and Its diffusion In the water.
that oleio acid acts. When drop Of oil
rests upon water. the oil hattens out
through the effects Of its own weight. At
the edge OF the hattened disk Of oil the oleic
acid tends most rapidly to dissolve in
the water. and the verY act OF dissolvinG
evolves energy which causes the oil to
spread still farther, thus keeping its edges
constantly In contact with water that has
not yet become charged with Oleio acid.
This spreading continues with great rapid
ity until all Of the olele acid has been dis
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07

The introdsction or selling Of ardent spirits.
ale beer. wine or Intoxicating llduor or
liquors Of whatever kind In the Indian eoun-
try" Agent BENNETT had made out good
argument for this amendment In reporting q
case where at q town In the Greek Nation.
prosecuting attorney. an Indian Of that tribe.
with others. became intoxlcated on beer. and
IN their drunken brawls killed worthy citi-
rem" The amended act was approved In the
summer Of 1892. and IL now law OF the land.
There is no doubt a. 10 the power OF Con-
gress to prohibit the trailo In beer In the
Indian country, as in spirituous liquors and
wines. so that the recent decision Of the 6u-
preme Court does not limit the amended pro-
hibition on that subject. which has been en-
forced rs much as possible. Commissioner
BnowNGSu however shows that there 10 still
some difficulty In keeping out fire water. and
especially that some OF the Indians enlisted In
the army seem able to procure II from the
groR shops near army posts
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07
Tho Cleveland Tax.

This portion OF the amendments to the
Tariff bill reported by Senator VEST from
the Finance Committee on Friday should
be read and memorlzed:
There shan be levied and collected . tax OF two
per cent per AMMAN on the not pronts or income
above ordinary working or operating expenses Of ali
banks banking Institutions, trust companisn saving
institutions fire. marine, life and other insurance
companies railroad canal turnpike canal navigation.
slackwater. telephone. telegraph express electric
Light, gas water. street railway companies and all
other oorporaions companies, or associations doing
bushes, FOR pront the United states matter how
created and organized"
The depositors In the New York savings
banks would make city almost as large as
this town IL they were oil gathered together.
We Gull their attention to the tax which the
Democrats Of the Finance Committee Of the
Senate. obsequious Photographs OF tho in
come-taxer In the White House. wish to
impose upon them. Their interest at
present runs from three to four per
cent. How will they like having their mag
niflcent incomes cut down. As for the
shareholders in all tho other corporations
that Mr.. CLEVELAND in the abyI, OF his
economic sapience sea- lt hr,. ws M ~
no means Of ascertaining theit number. but
IL 10 NbEy REchL luc hLuOhhJ VI biudli hOiu-
ings In all corporations whose shares or
bonds are regarded as prudent invest
mont, and In too many whose securities are
not SO regarded. Is large. But what Of 1t !?
Is not corporation crime In tho gospel Of
the red-eyed sons Of thunder among tho
Demolists and Popocrats Fine the widows
and orphans. fine the saving clerks and
shop girls. What business have they to
intrust their savings to corporations
What business have they to save?
Let us remember. too. that savings banks
scarcely exist In the South. and arc infre-
quent in many parts OF the West. 1t is
necessary to consult the geography OF ac-
emulation to comprehend with what a
fraternal spirit the Demolists and Popocrats
lay taxes.
Ofcourse. the millions ofpersons on whom
the CLEVELAND fine is laid will be eager
workers for Democratic success next fall
and thereafter. The tax on individual in
comes will DO greatly surpassed In effect by
this corporation tax. 1t will be as effective
as death.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07
aassa yls,orla Feels Hes AGE.

TIE QaesH found much dinlsulty IN descending from
the uaa - CobuTs. where the platform ia very la~.
while the level Of the royal saloon IL unusually high
Her Majesty vas evidently disconnected when she
found that Instead Of the easy slipping platform which
IL always prepared FOR her a. home. abe expected
~ descend awkward eIght Of ak or seysa hiEh
stsps which placed At the door Of her carriage Il
very Troublesome business TO get the Queen down
20 the platform and must have saussd her Majesty
e0AidsEAbls amount OF paln in her kRseA for years
have elapsed GiBse abe had AIt attempted ERy such
descent The Queen came down very slowly aud lzb0Tt
susy assisted slds b. an IndiGn AttsndanL and
the other by her highland servant Aad Shs evil
dsaly ElAa shea The tTanIlg ever
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07

The recent decision OF the Supreme Court
OF the United States that lager beer Is not .
spirituous liquor within the meaning OF the
statute prohibiting ths introduction Of
"spIrltuous liquors or vino" into the Indian
Territory. will not help Lo to get his lager.
Unless our understanding Is Incorrect. the
case In question was one that arose long ago.
and was carried up 10 that august tribunal
from . lower court. which had made q like
decision. Sections 2. 1873 and 2. 14O Of the Re-
Vissd Statutes prescribed q penalty for Intro
dueing splrituous liquors or wine into the In
dian country or selling II there Mr.. BENNETT.
the predecessor Of Mr.. DEw NJ WISDOM. thu
present agent. was very much bent on making
this restriction apply TO malt liquors aud
Commissioner MoRGAS backed him up. On
the other hand. the Wells-FArgo Express Com
Dany thought thsy were justified in carrying
and delivering such drinks as beer. ale. and
porter and determined to do so. Agent BEN
SETr. under the Commissioners instructions.
ordered his police to destroy all drinks that
produced lntoxieAtion. and they accordingly
attacked and smptlsd barrels Of cider as well
As Of Whlsksy The result was an appeal 10
the United States District Court. when
promptly made IL clear that the statute said
nothing about the prohibition Of drinks that
we're intoxicating. but OF certain kinds Of
liquors. including wine The pOint was not
whether malt beer was Intoxicating. out
whether there vas difference in the statute
sense between malt liquors and ardent spirits.
The Indian once then applied 70 Congress.
and that b0dy had no hsSitatio1 IN prohibiting
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07

Whenever geological science appears to
throw light upon human history. and ore par
ticulnrly upon those great opening scenes
which arc described In the OH Testament 1t
Immediately commands the attention OF q
vastly enlarged audience. Much interest. there
fore. attaches to discussion which recently
occurred at meeting OF the Victoria Institute
In London on the possibility OF tracing the
marks OF the deluge on the crust OF the earth
Tho discussion was opened BY DIR. PREsrwIcH
with paper on "A Possible Cause for the
Origin OF the Tradition OF the Flood" Dr.
PREsTwIcH. the authority OF whose opinions as
q geologist 10 widely recognized described tho
many indications which he had found scatter cd
over Europe OF q short submerRenee OF the
land. followed by q rapid rsslevation. In his
opinion such temporary swapping Of the
continent which may have affected other con-
tinents also. 10 sufficient to account for the
worldwide story OF the flood.
In the discussion that followed the reading
Of DR.. PREsrwIcH's paper the fact was pointed
out that his conclusion was corroborated py
that Of Sir WILLIAM DAWSON. who has discov-
cred other evidence that some catastrophe has
occurred since man began to live upon the
earth. so widespread as to form break in
the chain OF his history.
The chief difficulty appears TO be not In
showing that the continents have been SUB
merged beneath the ocean. but In proving that
such submergence has occurred since the ap-
pearance OF man. In geology man is looked
upon as a very recent inhabitant OF the planet
the period during which he can be shown GER,
tainly to have existed being but very small,
fraction OF tho time that has elapsed since
some Of the animal aud vegetable forms BIZ
which he is surrounded came into being.
But 1t 10 satisfactory to know that these grear
questions are not lost sight of in the progress
OF science. Just as tho starry heavens would
lose half their charm II astronomy did not at
least permit the thought taat they may con-
tain other inhabited globes. SO geology would
appeal less powerfully to the imAR IN alton II
there were no reason to hope that II could ever
uncover the footmarks OF primeval man.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07
Not ga Tariff" But "tne Tariff"

The Philadelphia Times is one OF mary
cuckoo voices shouting that the Democrats
must pass tariff-reform measure or pub
licly proclaim their incompetency to rule
the republic" But the Democrats may
pass tariff-reform measure. and still! pro-
claim their incompetency. The cuckoo no.
ton seems to DO that almost any kind Of q
tariff bill will serve. and that the mere pass
ing OF q tariff bill. however inconsistent
with the Democratic platform such bill
may be, will be taken as q fulfilment OF the
Democratic promise. That notion is a
monumental mistake. Not any Indifferent
measure Of tariff reform Is required: it
must be a tariff for revenue only.
To mako such q measure the Democrats
were put into power. II they don't make it.
they will show that they are either unable
or unwilling: and they must expect to DO
punished for their futility or dishonesty.
The Democrats have q definite commits
sion. The terms Of 1t are clearly defined.
They cannot carry 1t out by doing something
else. or patching up McKinleyIsm.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07

Tho tenacity Of small political groups or
factions. having O defukS but stati.-lary
political following. has be 81 .frSstasatly a
subject OF remark amoog Politicians. The
Prohibition party In New York. for instance.
cast for several years annually about Loo
votes. In 1888 the Prohibitionist candidate
for Governor received 1.227 votes In
New York city. In the municipal election
Of 1890. two years later. the Prohibitionist
ticket received i.256 votes. With the intro
duction OF the present ballot law the Pro-
hibitionists. no longer dependent on
"pasters." and having full ticket In the
hands OF each eloctor. have increased their
vote. II they have not added to the number
of their supporters and sympathizers They
now cast about a5O0 votes.
SO the Greenback party. now known as
the Populist party. has retained. with very
little change or fiuctuation. the almost uni
form figure OF 20OO votes In New York.
Every year about 2OOO Of Its followers come
to the polls and support candidates marked
In advance for defeat. In 1891 the Populist
vote In New York city for WEAVER was 2. S66.
Last year the Populist vote for Judge OF
the Court OF Appeals was ASA
The Socialists OF New York have had.
since 1877. substantially the same vote. 1t
Is about 5000. 1t varies little from that
figure. especially since the adoption OF the
present ballot law. which relieves the
SOCIALIST agitatOr from all expense con-
uected with the printing and circulating OF
tickets and pastors.
But perhaps the most compact body OF
voters In town is what is now known as the
State Aid Democracy. the nneal successor
OF the County Democracy. anti-snAp De-
mOeraey. and Empire State Democracy.
FRANCIS III. SCoFT. Its candidate for su-
pTsms Court Judge in 1891. pOlled lO.S5a
votes. Six months later the present State
Democracy primaries we're held. and the
total vote Of this Organization Was returned
as lO.O5O. almost exactly the same. and sub
seQ0ent snEollments have further empha-
sized tho unVaFyinG strength Of that tao
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07
SUkBEIMS.

Flags inside Broadway window blowing out just
they would do in breeze outside attract sons at
tention and cause little wonder until one sees
tho electric fan behind them.
by soms strange freak Of public TASTE tropical
fruits recently much higher At boston than AE
New York that at least vessel after entering this
port, cleared and took her cargo round 20 bosion-
There In InteTssTng lesson in tue way d.
mand ana supply adjusted, aud the marEets seem
do themselves what some believers in too much
government would have PAtsTnal Adminisuatioa
manage.
~ suppose" said citizen. that 10 ~osld be dni-
cult 70 say wIca the better Erpmen taking them
al together tue en- the Broadway cable or those
On tie THIRD avenue: but that the beat sugls
u,sn have met far met on Third avenue had
the pleasure Of riding with this ETipnAn tue other
evening from the Poet once TO FO1rssRth street and
IN all that distance he never made stop or stars
that NOull have sNaysd ehhl Standing Nlthout sup
port lie was dandy
Tie German AnarcHists and VOent Socialists who
nos And then seem O. suF tie east side OF New YORK
lust tnssu. cant percentage Of the total Ter
IL spea-gHg population. The German quarter seems
on tue whole 20 be conservative rather than radical
la ihs regard there TO Be curious contrast be-
tween ins avenues and the numbered streets The
rAlcas Oecupy tsReeuts IN tue latter toe conserve
yys shops IN The former aud are the SsFJ eouF
geri-p whom the FTyueh Anarchists especially hate
-N,arly 100 army officers are teaching perhaps
IOOJJ college lads all over the country how TO be sol
dlers The FslsT4l G0ysTRmsaI unasTtAkes 90 lsHd
sarl cO,rsv about sl.Goo SoTIh q munitions " var
ana the college in each eass must give b0ud Tor Tue
safc 0! the Governments property. Al matter
OF fact some the weapons Ihus Furnished are b,
autlguatsd. but they serve their PuTPoss, ami tao
a,umEi tHeSs esGsgss already constitute consider
able body Of alsn possessing s0us kEoSisass Of mil
Iary taeIicL
-AlABorsEs cottage Of EoOd yell jo'EIsd. light an
b,g enough for family Of four may be bulk IN tao
suburban region for less n $500 Il be 50 fFsu
% admit Of being Inovsd without injuEy Sad a.
sla eXPynss vhsn the Land Whish u stands De-
too valuable for such oce gPaHcy a. Uatsrs afo
IAEHs ab3u he only Eorg o. fo.ks 70 oeegpy
sacA E0asss hsFeab0uts Aad oH!y the teal WoFEen
among them With q relatively Eigh stsniard - ,oE'
Tort that need Aaythng nae II significant u a.
change coming over Italian FsE.dsHta however, 'hAi
any Am0Rg AbOEsrE demand aught above the saga
T0 = thAt bAs Hitherto 0sea IhsiE asIis4 u Asla~l
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07
THE POWER OF THE CONVENTION.
II Extends Eveu to Making aud Recon-
handbag q New ConstItutIoa.

II Extends Eyeu to Making aud Recon-
msndiag . New Constitution.
To THE Eprron OF THE suS-Si-: Several
newspapers accept the conclusion that tho
New York Constitutional Convention is limit
ed to the revision OF the present Constitution.
That is the phrase borrowed from the Consti-
tuition itself which provides that the question
OF its revision shall be submitted every twenty
years to popular vots. But the right to revise
plainly must include a right to frame an en-
tireiy new Constitution should thai be doomed
necessary. The Convention Is called directly
from the people. and to say that It Is Unite
is to limit the right Of tho people to govern
themselves The state Legislature is also
representative Of the people; but 1t is restrict
ed By the Constitution as q convention chosen
for the purpose OF revising that instrument
cannot be. The Convention Is practically
limited only by the Constitution o. tho United
tho State Constitution framed shall be re-
publican form Of g9veTnment ana shall NJ not
United States Constitution.
r. AS matter OF I practical policy nSowsSsr the
the am bilious hopes OF the Constitution makers
in 1867. The people are very, wei! satisfied
necessary amendments are adopted. one 0;
which should be 70 extond the suffrage. leav-
oi yotsrs ne ths viii pro
ably be adopted. too many cranklsh notions
get into the Constitution. all will go down to-
gether. and tho entire summers work will
be wasted. as was that OF the Convention OF
twenty-seven years ago
The chief mistake OF modern Constitution
law makers. WHAT the Legislature does 10
necessarily temporary. II a mistake 10 made
In enacting an unwise or oppressive law. the
next Legislature can. and probably will. repeal
it. That secures to the people the fullest de-
gree OF self-government. But the fact that an
oppressive law Is always likely to DO speedily
repealed seems to tho majority OF cranks
ton. whore repeal will be difficult IL not i'm
possible. for q term OF years.
Tho model OF all Constitution makers should
be the Constitution Of the United htBtes. Nor
only are its provisions binding over all Consti-
tutions. but II Is. In its few but comprehensive
restrictions on the lHw-mAkipg plwer an ex-
ample OF what Constitution ought always to
eral Constitution are those which conserve tho
personal and property rights OF citizens With
out such restrictions In state Constitutions
there 10 an Inherent tendency OF the law-mak-
ing power 10 exceed tho proper functions VI
government IL Is never very difficult for
eranks to be elected to State Legislatures, and
they are Teenforeed BY thousands ike them
proper business OF government. Ii Is true the
United States Constitution often serves as
bulWArk against the worst 81 these attractions
of personal rights. but 1t Is better TO have such
provisions in the state Constitutions also.
The United states Constitution Is much too
reminded VI Its provisions by the state COnstt-
tutions they are apt to run foul VI them when
such result b least expected. Monroe.
Boston, May 5.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1894-05-07
PIPxL INFILLIBILITE.
Bisas II ~ OF Vermont Concludes HIS Lee
tur-s Against HON Catholicism.

BIsat p II ~ OF Vermont Concludes HIS Lee
turrs Aanin>t HON an CathoiIeism.
Bishop Hall Of Vermont delivered in 81
Thomass Church yesterday afternoon the last
OF the series OF lectures against Roman Cathols
ject was "PaDal Infallibity." Before his ele-
walton to the episcopate Bishop Hall was .
member OF tho Order Of Cowley Fathers Of
lhurchmen to to quite as Roman Catholic as
tho Pope In many respects: hut In regard to
rapal iniaiibility no proved himself Prot
Churchmen do when the occasion arises.
His great argument to prove that Popes are
fallible was the stock argument OF WHICH Pope
Honorius l.: Is the basis. Bishop Hall set
in q letter to sergius. Patriarch OF Constants
nople. HonOrius practically endorsed the
Monothellte heresy. that L. The doctrine that
save without sin, but an. entirely super
human being Incapable OF shining: This
nlZed by the roman Church as ecumenical
and also By subsequent Popes Roman
Catholics say that HonOrius merely expressed
hcnsion OF the facts. and that his deiivsranss
was not ex cathedral They also contend that
the Councils and Popes In question acted on
misApprehension Of the facts; Bishop Hall
iaiiible Councils. In order to sustain the opIn-
ion o. q Pope. was surrendering too much for
too little.
Hall argued from the New Testament that
Peter seemed TO be Ignorant OF his supremacy
over the other apostles, and that 81. Paul was
not aware OF II. The discourse generally was
or the Rev. DIR. MacArthur's deliverances-
The church was crowded.