The Helena independent., 1894-11-07
Wonderful Discoveries Have BIen
Made in Astronomy and
Chemistry
Two New Moons OF Mars, Not
Much Bigger Than Good Sized
PumpkinS
Sunlight a. . MiorSbe Kilisr-Nsw Care
for Consumptioa-rrlum and
Mysteries OF Chemistry.

feNtdnnk upNu Altll AtAha AiiHN tN'N'
forgets" objects hitherto unseen by the
human eye. modern optics have their
own triumph TO boast OF IN the discoy-
cry from the Flagstaff (Ari2ona) obsery-
atory on Sept. 10 last OF the two little
moons OF Mars. Dcimos. the outer one,
Is estimated to be only about six miles
IN diameter, while its companion is no
more than one mile larger, The entire
surface OF either OF them would not
equal the area OF some Of the great
farms OF the far west The observation
OF such tiny objects at the vast dis
tance of 10000. 900 miles away may be
compared TO the feat OF a Philadel-
phian seeing the top OF a torch on the
Statue OF Liberty In New York harbor.
or OF New Yorker beholding one OF the
big buttons on William Penns coat
when he shall watch in bronze over the
city OF his dreams.
The might OF the sunlight as MI
crobe killer has been forcibly empha-
sized by the recent experiments OF DIR.
Palermo. of Naples, BY exposing the
Koch cholera bacilli 10 the suns rays
the poisonous. disease-breeding vital
ity OF these germs was effeetually de-
,,roycG Instead OF killing inoculated
Crinca pigs within eighteer hours, the
sunshine exposed bacilli produced no
more serious symptoms than those OF
vaccination in smallpox. The presence
OF air assisted the sun In its work OF
destroying the disease-producing quail
files OF the germs The immediate NOR
al OF these discoveries is the necessity
of plenty of sunlight and air in our
homes Phlladelphians sin greatly In
this regard. Street after street Is often
a vision of closed blinds. Throw open
your shutters and windows, housekeep-
ers, and let in the health preserving
sunshine and breeze.
The announcement of the discovery
of new cure for consumption would be
received by the public with incredulity
to-day, in remembrance OF the lament
able flasco OF the much heralded Koch
lymph. The cautious statement, how
ever, that DIR. Victor c. Vaughan, dean
of the medical faculty of the University
of Michigan. has discovered certain
specific for tuberculosis which Will pre-
yet be found capable OF rendering hu-
man patients immune from the disease
recommends itself 10 serious considera-
ton The medical fraternity has al
ready encouraged. indeed. a mild revi-
val Of hope in the ultimate triumph of
the Koch lymph. DIR. Naughan's new
specific is styled nuclein, and one of the
senior law students of the Great West
ern university is reported 10 have im-
r.rntsaH krnnnnpfIllN tInHnp lie =
ment II is too early yet TO venture
any criticism or prophecy; but Dr.
Naughan's reputation as one OF the
foremost hyeienlsts of the country and
as the discoyerer OF tyrOtoXicOn (the
poisonous principle in ice cream) will
lead the public to await with anxious
expectation further results Of his pres
ent experiments
The highest triumphs of chemistry
have served only TO emphasize It's most
inscrutable mysteries. In the famous
Pasteur institute In Paris. where DR.
Roux has been experimenting with the
wonderful new serum cure for dyph-
iberia, DIR. A. Calmette has been work.
ing away for year over hundreds Of
bottles Of snake poison. He has discov-
cred in ordinary chloride Of lime a sure
antidote against all the venom of rep
NAlfHs ~ ElfhA ulribNflNu Alullt uul "a
more astonishing revelation, indeed is
that Of his analysis Of the venom Of the
cobra. The albumen, or white, OF an
egg and the poison Of the dreaded cobra
of India are so nearly Identical In COM
position that IL requires the most min
ute analysis 20 detect the difference.
Venom and egg are both constituted Of
the same elements-oXygen hydrogen,
nitrogen, carbon and gulphur-In al
most precise proportions. And yet the
one mes the most valuable support
of ~ 4e other its quickest destroyer.
WIZ the chemist who can explain
how ls deadliest poison may be also
almogt % wholesome food2 Artificial
diamonds have been made. but where is
the magician Of the laboratory who can
transform charcoal into diamond? The
synthetic chemist has worked wonders
ret he cannot explain the secret ol
somcrlsm, or that quality Of substances
which makes them alike. and yet vastly
unlike-as in the miraculous case oi
vinegar and sugar,