New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1894-10-10
PARTY DESP0TISM.
Would Be the Outcome of Govern
ment Ownership of Railways.

Fafty FOlltlCS ana the civil
Service Must Be Permanently
Divorced Before the United
States Tries the World Wide
Failure of Running Railroads.
It has been shown that the acquisition
Of the railroads of the United States by
the government cannot be accomplished
by any means now within our knowl-
edge 1t has been shown that the pol
icy Of government ownership has been
very generally tried; that it has been
in operation in the older countries of
the world through long series Of
Years; that the most progressive coun-
tries and especially those in which the
form of government is most liberal and
the people enjoy the greatest freedom,
are those in which railroads are wholly
under private CONTROL;
And that the Populist scheme of govern
ment ownership is borrowed from Euro.
pean despotisms.
It has been shown, by figures gath
cred from the statistics Of all countries
in the world that the cost of operation
and the charges for freight and passen-
ger service are greatest in the countries
where the railroads are operated by the
state. It should be added to this that
an examination of the comparative
efficiency of the railroad service proves
that it is no where so generally unsatis-
factory as where the government is
master.
There is no country on the globe
where railroads are so quick to provide
themselves with the latest and best i'm
provements and where the comfort of
the public is so carefully studied and
its complaints treated with as much
Difference as in the United States.
Where state ownership prevails, a
certain standard is set up, asin the case
of our own postofice facilities, and to
that the public must conform. Protest
addressed to great governmental ma
chine.
Where, on the contrary, the railroads
ore operated by private companies,
competing eagerly for the public favor,
each leaves nothing untried to COM
mend ITSELF and the service is rapidly
elevated to the highest degree of efic-
iency. -.
No one whohas travelled on the rail
ways of the continent of Europe, or
even on, those of Great Britain, can
compare their service with that given
in the United States without acknowl.
edging the great superiority of the lat
ter. The cheapest is also the best.
Rates Become Lower, Service Becomes
Moreover, this cheapening process is
continuous one. Through good times
and though hard times it goes on,
forced along by the sire luous competi-
ton Of rival companies and the multi
| plication Of new processes Of economy.
| The cost of carrying passenger one
mile has declined nearly .0l of a cent in
the last five years and that Of carrying
q ton of freight one mile has fallen
nearly .O5 Of a cent in the same period
Apply even these small reductions to
the billions Of the people and the tens
of billions Of tons of freight moved one
mile each year, and we have a saving
OF money to the people amounting to. a
good share of the national debt every
year.
There are only two countries in the
world where state railroads have been
reasonably successful, and the condi:
tions prevailing in themgive an ex.
PLANTATION of the fact.
These countries are Prussia and Bel.
GUM. :
The former has an area of 1874, OOO
square miles, or something less than
Montana, and population of over H.
100000.
The latter has an area of II, 1873
square miles, or about equal to Mary
land and Rhode Island. Its population
is little less than 5, 100000 or about
equal to Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin
and the two Dakotas. p.
UT is we'll known by those who have
had any experience in the railway bust
ness that these are the conditions under
which railroads become profitable, with,
out reference to their management.
A very heavy population, condensed
within very small area. assures the
very largest possible patronage and
revenue in proportion to mileage and
cost of operation.
1t is the familiar rule that governs
all operations of trade. The lareerthe
business that is to be done with a given
amount of machinery, the smaller the
cost Of each item of,tt, and the greater
the net profit.
The conditions in the United States
are not only different from these. hut
they are exactly opposite. We have
here comparatively sparse population,
to be served by roads that extend fo1
thousands of miles through a country,
that contributes little or nothing to
their business.
That we have been able, under these
conditions, to even reduce our railway
charges to the level of those imposed n
older countries is remarkable tribnte
to the excellence of our system.
Serious Question of Providing For Operat.