The morning call., 1894-12-04
the public, not to elaborate arguments or TO
present personal views.
Farmer Morton's Work.

Farmer Morton's Work.
The Secretary of Agriculture in his report
reviews the operations of his department Tor
the last fiscal year and makes recommendations
for the further extension of tts usefulness lie
reports saving in expenditures during lue
year oil 100000, which is covered Daek mo NJ.
the treasury, This sum is % per cent OF Inc
entire appropriation.
A special study has been made of the de,
mand Tor American firm prouucts lnl.snh
foreign markets, especially Great bIIldln.
That country received from he Ohteu cld6Fs
during The nine months ending Septeuiuei o.,
1894. 306.9l0 live beet cattle, ta.uea Ia, az
$26. 600. 600, as against 1S2,oll cdlIio, NaLIcu
at Sl6.634, 900, during tie same peIIOu "I 100;
During the first six months OF lo9+ tue 7 nlteu
Kingdom took also Il2,ouo,Uuo pUn ilnd oI
dressed beef from the United otates; fdlleu d.
nearly $40 600, OOO. The report SHOWS tlldt
during the nine months Immediately preceding
September 80, 1894, me United ares exported
no GreaT Rrifain 222 676.OOO pounds of pork;
pork. OF apples 100000, valued al Sz,ooO,-
600; and of horses PSI, Al an average value
of Si6O per head. There was falling on IN
American wheat exports OF 13,0OO,OOO
bnSbels and The Secretary Is inclined 10 be-
iieye mat wheat may not IN the future be the
staple eXuor cereal product OF our country,
hIlr mat corn Will continue TO advance IN I'M
portance as an export on account OF the new
uses 10 which II is constantly being appro-
The exports Of agricultural products from
me United States Tor The fiscal year ending
June so 1884, amounted 10 S626, 1868, OBS, be-
ing 1926 per cent OF American exports OF
every description. and the United Kingdom OF
Great Britain took more than 81 per cent of
all farm products finding foreign markets.
The Department of Agriculture has under
taken during The year TWO new and important
lines of research. The first relates to grasses
and forage plants, with The purpose of instruct
Ing aud iamlharlZlng The people as 10 the dis
Iinctve grasses OF The United States and teach
ing them how 10 introduce valuable foreign
forage plants, which may be adaued to this
country. The second relates TO agricultural
soils and crop production. involving the
ANALYSIS of samples of SOILS from all sections of
the American union, TO demonstrate their
2dSpIaollIy 10 particular plants and crops.
Mechanical analysis OF soils may be of such
inestlmable utility that it is foremost in the
new lines Of agricultural research and the
secretary therefore recommends That divi-
sion having il IN charge be permanently eStab-
hShed In the department.
The amount appropriated for the Weather
Bureau was S95l,1O0. OF that sum $l3S 500.
or IA per cent has been saved aud Is returned
TO the treasury. As Illustrating the usefulness
Of Ibis service, it may he here stated that the
TWO tropical storms occurring in September and
october OF the present year resulted in detaln-
Ing safely In port 23O5 vessels, valued at S3S.-
2S3,9l3, laden with cargoes of probably still
greater value. what is much more important
and gratifying. many human lives On these
ships were also undoubtedly saved.
Beef and Pork.
The appropriation to the Bureau Of Animal
Industry was SS5O,OU0 and the expenditures
for the year were only S495. 439 "a, thus leav-
Ing uneXpended 1854, 100 56. The inspection
OF DeeI animals Tor export and interstate trade
has been continued and u, 94l ,056 head were
inspected during the year at a cost of 1$4 cents
per head, against 434 cents for 1898. The
amount of pork micTOscOpiCally examined was
50 ,437, 1897 mounds, against 2O,577, 40 pounds
IN the preceding year. The cost of this inSpec-
lion has been diminished from S$4 cents per
head 10 1898 10 61a cents In 1894.
The expense Of inspecting The pork sold in
1894 10 Germany ana France by The United
States was S08.922 10. The quantity in
spected was greater by 10, O0O. 900 pounds than
such inspection was SI72, 1867 .OSS. The Sec
Rotary Of Agriculture recommends that the law
providing for the microscopic inspection of eX-
port and interstate meat be amended 10
compel owners OF The meat inspected to pay
the cost OF such inspection, and call attention
10 the arguments presented IN his report in
support OF this recommendation.
The live beef cattle exported and tagged
during the year numbered 363, $50. This IS an
increase OF 69.533 head over the previous
year. The sanitary inspection OF cattle
ShipUed TO Europe has cost an aVerag. of
1US4 cents for each animal, and the cost of in
srecung southern cattle and The dlSlnfeetion
Of cars and stockyaTds average 81 cents per
animal.
The scientific inquiries of the Bureau of AMI
nal Industry have progressed steadily during
the year. Much tubeTculln and mallein nave
been furnished 10 State authorities for use in
the agricultural colleges aud experiment
stations for the treatment OF tuberculosis and
CHAMBERS.
Quite recently this department had published
the resul Of its inYestlGai ions of bovine tuber
cnlosis ana its researches Will be vigorously
continued. Certain herds in the District OF
Columbia will be thoroughly inspected ana
Will probably supply adequate scope for the
Department to luteligeUtly prosecute its
scientific work and furnish sufficient material
for purposes of Illustration, description and de.
hnJiOn.
The sterilization OF milk suspected OF con.
tanning the baccilli of tuberculosis has been
during The year very thoroughly expla DID, in a
leatieI by DR.. D. L. Salmon, the Chief of the
bureau, aud given general circulation through
Out the country.
The office of experimental stations, which is
part OF the United States Department of
Agriculture has during the past year engaged
itself almost wholly In preparing tor publica-
ton works based upon the reports OF agricul-
tuIal experimental stations and other inStitu-
tons for agricultural inquiry in the United
States and foreign countries. Tie Secretary
IN his report for 1898 called attention to the
TACT that the appropriations made Tor the sup
port Of experiment stations throughout The
Union were the only moneys taken out of the
national treasury by an act OF Congress for
which no accounting 10 Federal authorities
was required. Responding 10 this suggestion
The Fn,y-thlrd Congress IN making its appro-
DTlation Tor The DEPARTMENT for the present
fiscal year provided that The Secretary of Agri-
culture shall prescribe the form OF an annual
financial statement required by section Of
said of March >, 1887. shall ascertain
whether the expenditures under the appropra-
lion hereby made are IN accordance with the
provisions OF said act, and shall make a report
thef eon 10 Congress.
The best source OF the statistician OF the De-
partment OF Agriculture Is the entertainment
by diligence and care Ut the actual and real
conditions, favorable OF unfaVorabe, of the
farmers and farms OF tile country, and TO such
causes as produce The conditions, 10 the end
that tile facts aseertaned may guide their IN
tellIEenl trraIment. In obedience 10 this law the
Department OF Agriculture Immediately sent
out biJnk forms OF expense accounts TO each
station, and proposes IN addition TO make
through trusted eXrertS systematic eXamina-
ton OF The several stations during the wear for
the purpose OF acquiring by personal lnveStiga-
ton the detailed Information necessary 10 en-.
able tile secretary Of Agriculture to make as
the statuIe provides satisfactory report 10
Congress. The boards OF management of the
several atlOns with great alacritv and cor
daily have approved the amendment 10 The
law providing for the supervision of their ex-
penditures, anticipating That IL VIII Increase
the efficiency of the stations ana protect their
directors and managers from loose charges
concerning their use of public funds besides
bringing The Department OF Agriculture lufo
closer and more confidential relations Win the
experimental stations. aud through their ioluI
service largely increasing their usefulness To
the agriculture of The country.
ActiUg upon recommendation contained in
The report Of 1893, Congress appointed $40 600
to enable the Secretary Of Agriculture To ipyes-
tIgate and report upon the nutritVe value OF
various articles aud commodities used for hT-
man food with special suggestion OF fun, whole.
some and edible articles less wasteful and more
al han ia