davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
GOT H1R SCI Np LIBERTY.
Pardon = N Old Lave VINO Belonged 20
wichita Man and JeT DAVIS
a dispatch from Le@venworth says:

y dispatch from Le&TeuworJn says.
Mary Jane Scales, a cOlOred woman. CO.
years of agr, OF which twenty-three years
were spent - a convict IN the Kansas
State peuilentiary, ana born a slave, was
released from that institution yesterday.
pardon having been granted by the gov
ernor.
Many people in Wichita have heard the
story OF Mrs. Scales, but not lately. Mr..
James Ferguson, formerly OF tBls citF.
owned Mrs Scales when she was Z slave.
aud be used 70 be very free Ia his stories OF
her peculiar habits When she was tried
al the time she was sent 10 the Denitsn-
tiary the recollection OF old service ia his
family came back TO him. aud he did
everything legitimate IN her dei-nSe.
Mrs Scales, who was tbgrty-sight years
a slave. has remarkable history. She
was tie oldest convict n the prison and
wss best known - Aunt Mzry.' She
was convicted Of murder August Il, 1871.
in the Shawnee county district court. and
Sentenced 10 the peniteutizry for life. She
was bora near Fairfax Cour: HOUSE, Va.
Deem Der ., 1875 Her first masters
naule was Combs. be was a dsssipaied
man. sBd, becoming involves "a deb, was
forced 70 sell his slaves 70 pay his Oebts
Aunt MsTy" Was smvng lie number
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02

The greatest enthusiasm prevailed at
Winfield upon the arrival of the cham
pions. Harry Moore, one OF the EAGLE
men, happened to be there at the time and
he declared that he never saw such en-
tbusiastic excitement. The mayor and
5000 citizens were at the depot TO meet
them. They were there old and young,
male and female. and even the church
deacons and some of the ministers took
part in { he demonstration. All wore the
colors of the nine. An immense process
sion was formed headed by the
mayor and the Walnut Valley band
and the streets were paraded. The cham
pion nine were taken TO one of the leading
hotels, where the enthusiastic proprietor
set up an elaborate breakfast for them.
The demonstration was to be continued
last night and IN order to add to the en-
thusiasm the Wellington band was sent
for.
Winfield always did have home pride,
and it is good.
There is some talk here of snatching the
pennant of victory from Winfield, and
some of the enthusiasts are urging Heu-
derson's Pets 10 challenge the victors.
The Emporia Maroous have held the
championship for long time.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
WICHITA LADY HoNoRED.
Miss Mary Rutan Called to Chair OF
English Literature.

English Literature.
Miss Mary Rutan OF this city has been
elected to the chair of English literature
and language in the College of st. Joseph,
Mo. She left yesterday morning, and VIII
enter upon her duties at once. Miss
Rutan has peculiar qualifications, both
native and acquired, for this position, and
her work will be the more agreeable be
cause in perfect harmony with her taste.
While her Wichita friends regret 10 part
with her, she has received the warmest
congratulations of those who know her
best She leaves place not easily filled in
the church and social circles in the city.
Miss Edith AndruS has also been
chosen to preside over the Art department
of Winfield college. Daring two years
residence in Wichita Miss Andrus has
greatly endeared herself to large circle Of
friends She is eminent!y qualified for the
position assigned her, as many of our
lovers of art can testify. Miss Audrus
and Rutan are most intimate friends, and
have been actively engaged IN church aud
Sabbath school work.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
REDS WERE HAPPY
WINFIELD'S CHAMPION NINE PASS
THROUGH THE CITY.

They Were Brim Full of Hilarity and
Yelled Like Comanche Indians
Unbounded Enthusiasm at
Winfield Mayor, Deacons
and Everybody Else
Turn Out to Meet
Them Score of
c h ampion
Game.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
GENERAL RAIN FALL
ALL THE SOUTHWEST VISITED BY
REFRESHING DOWNPOUR.

Area of the Glorious Precipitation
Extended From Wichita to Colora-
do and Ear Down Into Fair
OkIahoma-What Effect it
VIII Have-Farmers Say
Sedgwick County Has
the Biggest Crop
in Past Two
Seasons.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
NEW yoRK = osP,
I'VE Sell Goods Cheaper
Than any Other House in the World,
But for Cash Only"
TOMORROW will be Labor Dav. II

TOMORROW will be Labor Day. In
i the forenoon we will show number of
rare bargains, among them the following:
A limited number of yards All Wool Cords
10 inches wide; worth S per yard Monday
45c To close our stock Of Dutch Suits we
offer the remainder at s. a Suit. A fine
line OF Infant Cloaks going at pauper prices
Forty inch diagonal Sutings SC the yard,
worth almost twice that sum- If YOU wish
dress you ought to see these patterns; on
sale In the Black Goods department.. Bar
gains there that can't last always.
On Tuesday we invite you to inspect
our new line of imported Fall Suitings.
They're nice enough to charge admission to
see them. and the lady that could not select
ia her liking is beyond redemption
But, there: we must not say more
Come Tuesday and see for yourself.
CASH HENDERSON,
$50 and l32 North Main ST.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
PROGRAM.

PROGRAM.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. '..............,..-..So usa
Overture-To "LucreZia Borgia" -. DOnizet.i
Alto solo-"Laurel". ............... Ripley
Frank Hurd.
Sweet Little Daisies. Settler
Air Varie -"Rockcd in the Cradle of the
Deep" ACKNOWLEDGEMENT astin
Air Varie -"Oli Kentucky Home .Mastin
Solo for cOrnet-ClaUde Neff.
Air Varie-"B cphegor''. CatozZi
Solo for tuba-Joe Simon.
Air Narie-"Carniyal of Nenice"-FaE-
Solo for baritone and cornet.
Waltzes. "Lalota'' .-......... ........... Pettee
Soldiers Dream" Observation-Disclosures ipley
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
PROBATE COURT.

Estate Of Sarah T. fulton: Inventory
filed aud approved: first annual settlement
Of {. II. Bssley, administrator, filed aod
approved
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
LABOR DAY MUSIC.
Nen's Band Has a Fine Labor Day Program OF
Musical Airs.

Neff's Second Regiment band will give a
public open air concert at Griswoid park,
on West Central avenue, next Monday
CLabor Day commencing at p. III. sharp
and continuing all afternoon.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02
HARRY WAS CHOSEN
REPUBLICAN COUNTY COMMITTEE
lake WISE SELECTIONS.

Harry L. Gordon Done the Honor of
Being Selected TO Lead The Repub-
iican Hosts to Vietory-John
Vannaman Elected Secre-
tary While the Funds
Will be Handled by
Thomas C. Wilson.
Republicans
Confident.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1894-09-02

Pastor Sims welcomes you to the Cen
trail on Lords day. Come. You are well
come.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
POLICE AS BLACKMAILERS
Mrs. Hermann Tells the LexoW COM
mittee How She Mas Bled.
PAID THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS
What so-called Police " Protection" Costs in
New York City-Mrs. Hermann's Futile
Efforts to Save Her Niece From a Life Of
shame-Price of Immunity From Arrest

NEW York, Nov. 2.-Mrs. Matilda Hermann
was on the stand all day in the Lexow lnves-
tigation. By her evidence three new police
captains were added TO the list of alleged
blackmailers and also several wardmen.
Lawyer Price was also named as a go-be-
tween. but the most interesting statement
made by the witness was as TO the ruin of her
niece whom she had been trying to save from
disreputable life. The girl was led astray by
her own mother, who was the proprietress of
disorderly house.
Mrs. Hermann said she made several at
tempts to save the girl through the police,
and even implicated a police justice who
helped to shield police captain by refusing
I to act in the matter.
] Mrs Hermann was questioned by Mr.. Goff
as to payments made to policeman and others
at the time of her arrest.
"Did you have TO pay the detectives?"
Yes, from $50 to $500 to fix 1t with tho
detectives when was arrested
''How about the captain feeling sore?'
"Well, the captain wanted 81 900. but
! said 81. 600 was enough, and so paid Ii on
! January &. did this for the privilege of
! opening up my house after l had been ar
/ rested
"Who was in command OF the precinct
! when you paid the 81, ,000?"
Capt. Brogan."
''You were constantly paying out money!"
Eyes, paid over 81 900 month"
You paid the police, police court, lawyers,
and prison keepers?"
Twenty-Five thousand dollars. I know
| that / haven't 500 in the world now. Lawyer
/ Price got a lot of money ont OF me. When
was brought before Recorder Smyth on the
| charge OF keeping disorderly house, Lawyer
Price said that for $500 he could get me of. -
The witness wept when she told of the
brutal treatment she had received at the
hands of the police.
Whenever ] was brought into court, the
lawyers wanted several hundred dollars, say
ing they had TO divide it with the police"
Ibid the police warn you?'
Yes. was sent away by the police"
| WAS purse raised?"
''Yes, the police raised 81, 200 to send me
away"
'Who gave you the money!"
"A man / never saw before"
"What did you ask him?"
sIf Capt Haughey contributed to the
! purse. He said yes / asked him II Capt
Ryan was in it; he said yes He said also
that Capt. Brogan and a policeman had con-
tributed''
How did you come TO leave New York;"
"Why one night the man whom 1 have
mentioned came TO my house and We went out
and met twelve men"
''Were they connected with the pollce?" =
! eyes. sir"
"And who were they?"
"Oh, Mr.. Goff. cannot tell you"
"You wanted to open house in the Tender
loin once?'
Yes
''The initiation fee there was thousand
dollars?''
Il believe So"
Mr.. Gof tried to have the witness mention
| the name Of the police captain whom she WAS
! endeavoring TO shield
Il won't do it if you kill me, said the wit
ness.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
Mr.. CLEVELAND AT WooDLEY.

He Will Drive In 10 the White House TO
Transact Public Business.
President Cleveland and his family moved
yesterday from the White House to their
suburban place at Woodley
Their stay there is indefinite, but probably
will be exte nded until Congress reassembles.
The Presid ent will drive in to the White
House TO transact the public business.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
ALEXANDRIA HAPPENINGS.

To-day is the athletic day at the Episcopal
High school, just west of this city. The sports
will commence sharp at 10 o'clock, and will
be under the management of Messrs. James
A. Berger, Philip R. Meade aud William B.
Trout. Messrs. Buckner NJ. Randolph, jr.,
William II; K. Pendleton and Willoughby
Reade are the judges. Mr.. George o. Meade
is the starter, and the timekeepers are w. II.
Randolph and Lewis II. Machene.
At meeting of the trustees of the Virginia
Theological Seminary held in Richmond YES
terday, the Rev. S. A. Wallis, rector of
Pohick Church, Fairfax county, was chosen
to the chair of the New Testament. ETC., made
vacant by the death of Rev. DR.. KinIoch Nell
son.
In the corporation court yesterday the will
OF the late Amos B. Febrey, who leaves all
his property to his wife and children. and
names Mrs. Sarah F. Slaymaker and Archie
C. Slaymaker as his executors, was admitted
TO probate. In the suit of William Day
against William A. Smoot, the jury found a
verdict for the defendants.
An interesting meeting of the Teachers As
sociation was held in the Peabody Building
Hall last night, when physiology and arith-
metic were the subjects discussed.
st. Johns College. of Annapolis. defeated
the Episcopal High School in game of foot
ball on the High School grounds on Thurs
day evening by score of 26 to 6.
Mr. H. C. Ansley entertained number of
his friends at a card party at his home on
Prince street last night.
Mrs. Dorothea Appieh and her daughter.
Mrs. Andrew Aitcheson, who have been visit
ing relatives in st. Louis. Mo-, returned home
yesterday.
Mrs. Pickett. wife of Mr.. George K. Pickett,
of AWandale, is visiting friends in Fairfax
county.
Hon. G. 3. T. Thornton, Of Prince William
county, was in Alexandria yesterday evening
looking for Speakers to address a Democratic
mass-meeting to be held in Prince William to-
day.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
LOCAL NEWS OF ALL SORTS
The Weather To-day,

Rain; cooler Saturday evening; fair Sun
day; south, shifting to west winds, becoming
high on the coast.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
Epworth League Convention.

Much interest is being taken by young
Methodists in the approach of the fourth an
nual convention of the District Epworth
League, which will be held at Wesley Chapel
on Friday, November 8, at 7:8O p. N. Each
chapter is entitled TO five delegates and one
for each additional fifty members or two
thirds fraction thereof Two hundred dele
gates are expected TO be present. A president,
four vice presidents, a secretary, and a treas
urer viii be elected and other important busi-
ness transacted. The board of control will
hold its final meeting at the Y. NJ c. A.
Wednesday, November Z, at 7:3O p. m. Amend
ments to the constitution will be offered and
league work in general for the winter will be
taken up.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
Did Not Get What He Wanted.

Z. G. Myers, printer in the government
Office, who lives at No. 511 Massachusetts ave-
nue. northwest was yesterday divorcedfro m his
wife. Franzonia, but the decree does not read
exactly as he asked for it. He brought suit
abo VI three years ago, and his wife answered
with a crossbill. Both alleged infidelity. The
case was hear before Edwin Forrest as ex-
aminer. The decree dismisses Myers petit
tion and gives the wife a divorce, $40 for ex-
penses in & he suit and custody of their child,
Walter. oseph Shillington.was Mrs. Myers
attorney.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
DR.. SHADE, 1882 14TH ST.
SpeCialty--Lunq, Throat and Catarrhal
Diseases.

DR.. Shade has been actively engaged in the
general practice of medicine for nearly q
quarter of a century. But since he made his
discovery of the Mineral Treatment for Con-
sumption he has devoted his attention almost
entirely to diseases of the throat and chest
The majority of lung and throat diseases are
more or less complicated with stomach, heart,
kidney or liver trouble, DC. DR.. Shade having
been general practitioner for 30 many years
understands the unrayeling OF the most COM
plicated cases, especially those connected
with diseases of the throat and chest. Con-
sultation free and terms reasonable. ONCE
hours, 8 to 10 a. m, to p. m. and to
D. N.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03

Women's Press Association.
Mrs. Bruntnel and Mrs. Belva L. Lockwood
were the speakers at last evenings session of
the Women's National Press Association at
Wizards hotel. They described their recent
visits to Europe very entertainingly.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
furniture. all paid for, and is then to re-

furniture. all paid for, and is then to re-
ceive assistance from the owners in fitting
out the house.
Tax Deed of Ancient Date-A tax deed
made in 1892 was yesterday filed for record.
1t was made by John W. Douglass and the
Commissioners to F. J. Shadd, and conveys
lot No. II in block No. 7 on Barry farm, The
taxes paid by Shadd amounted to $500.
Five Houses for $50, ,0OO-Fiye houses
were sold here Yesterday for s60.000 They
were Nos 1922, 1924, 1926, 1923, and 143O G
street northwest. James E. Chapman and
wife transferred the title to Samuel f. Hy-
man.
Christian sociologists-The was a brief
meeting of the Washington Christian So
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
Asphyxiated the Laborer.

Thomas Maun was down between the car
tracks fixing the gas main running along G.
street at the corner of Twelfth street north
west yesterday afternoon. A sudden rush of
the fluid asphyxiated the laborer, but he was
soon revived at the Emergency Hospital by
DR.. Church, and able to walk to his home at
No. 225 c street northeast.
The Washington times., 1894-11-03

ocs-IOt tu,th,
The Washington times., 1894-11-03
GALES IN THE LEAD.
But Brent and Blake are Pressing Towar
the 5000 Mark.

But Brent and Blake are Pressing Toward
the 5000 Mark.
No punches of tens OF thousands came in
yesterday, but some respectable contributions
Of thousands and hundreds were received.
Ellis Co. report that hundreds of school
children and their parents have called to see
the magnificent Chickering.
Gales is still in the lead, but Blake planked
down /, 200 votes yesterd ay and marched up
into seco nd place.
Reports have reached THE TIMES that news
boys cut out the coupons before delivering or
selling their papers. Arrangements have
been made to summarily deal with any boys
against whom such charges can be proved.
Votes received after p. N. will not be in
cluded in tho next days score, but will be
held over for one day.
At the close of the polls yesterday the vote
The Washington times., 1894-11-03

Geological Association in the board Of trade
rooms last evening. DR.. Hamlin presided.
but after few moments consideration it was
decided to defer organization and the election
of officers until future date.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-09-04
CORONER CALLED ON.
Asked to Investigate the Manner in
Which Thomas Ryan Met
His Death.

At the request of Mine Inspector
Blewitt. Coroner Kelley yesterday en-
pannelled jury to investigate the
cause of the death of Thomas Ryan, OF
Bellevue, who was fatally burned in
the Pine Brook shaft on Saturday.
Mr.. Blewitt was told conflicting
stories concerning the manner in
which Mr.. Ryan received his burns,
and to have the matter cleared up he
decided to have the coroner hold an in
quest
DR.. Kelly yesterday selected a Jury
consisting of Michael Mclean, Pat
rick Prendergast, Michael Dougher.
John @. O'Toole, Patrick Henley and
John Golden. The jury went down
into the mine yesterday and examined
the place where Ryan was burned, and
at T. 30 tomorrow evening will meet at
the court house to hear testimony.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-09-04
NEW e. AND W. ENGINE.

Built According to Patents Of John B.
Smith.
George B. Smith, general manager
Of the Erie aud Wyoming Valley Rail-
road company, yesterday took on a
trial trip to Pittston the new locomo-
tive built for the company at the Bald.
win works. It gave perfect satisfac-
tion.
The latest addition to the Erie aud
Wyoming Valley rolling stock is a
three cylinder locomotive and weighs
sixty-five tons. 1t was built from de-
signs and patents by John B. Smith.
the president of the company. The
engine has thirty-six-inch driving
wheels and is one of the strongest used
In this region. 1t will be employed In
the freight and passenger traffic.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-09-04
PASTORS UNION TAKES CHARGE.
Arrangements Made for Conducting the
Moody Meetings

arrangements maue TOT ConuucIing tne
Moody Meetings.
The Pastors union. of this city, met
in Young Mems Christian Association
hall yesterday morning. There were
present over half hundred clergy
men, which number included many
pastors from adjoining towns. Rev
Warren G. Partridge presided and
Evangelist MOODY made an address.
The designations OF the old Moody
campaign committee were accepted
and new committee was selected as
follows: Rev. Warren G. Partridge,
Rev. N. F. Stahl. Rev L. c. Floyd, d.
D., Rev. D. G. Hughes. D, D., Rsv. W.
H. Pearce, D. D., Rev. G. E. Robin.
son, D. D., Young Mems Christian As
sociation Secretaries Many and Pear
sell and Rescue Mission Superintend-
ent Sanborn. Captain W. A. May, A.
B. Williams, Luther Keller, w. W.
Lathrope. W. ]. Hand, esq, William
Frink and H. H. McKeehan.
This committee met after the ad-
journment of the union and elected
Mr.. Mahy secretary. G. f. Reynolds
was chosen to manage the ushers; Mr.
Mshy as chairman of the advertising
committee; DR.. Robinson, William
Frink and A. B. Williams, members Of
the finance committee. Professor Car
ter, of Elm Park church, organist, and
Mr.. Stebbins. who accompanies Mr.
Moody, to lead the singing; Superin
tendent Sanborn to confer with Mr.
Moody as TO the cost Of the meetings.
The ushers and singers are to be cho
sen from the various churches.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-09-04
FURTHER TRACK REPAIRS.

A Mile Of Track on this Green Ridge Su-
burban VIII Be overhaulsd.
81 The Scranton Traction company will
Immediately begin the overhauling OF
mile of track on the Suburban lines.
On this account all the cars on the
Green Ridge Suburban line. except one
have been taken off.
Passengers for Green Ridge have to
take the Dunmore Suburban oars tc
Marion street and connect there with a
branch ear The object of reducing
the service is. as stated. to allow time
for the work Of repairs.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-09-04
WOODS COLLEGE
OF Business and Shorthand.

OF Business and Shorthand.
We are not stupid.
We have given Scranton the best busi-
ness college In the past, we shall give her
the best business college In the future.
Run your eye dotCn this:
First week in 1889, 18l students.
First week in 1891, lf3 students.
First week in 1891, 154 students.
First week in 1892 lO4 students.
First week in 1893, 106 students.
First iceek IN 1894 2sS students
How success brightens and cheers.
Next week will be almost as good. Stu
dents will come on the trains, persons from
distance and a splendid company from
the city.
Shorthand school, three teachers.
Business school, four teachers.
Academic school, two teachers.
Office and boarding department, two
people.
Re'nemtsr there are only fifteen business
schools in the United States that have
basis for credit. Woods college leads in
Pennsylvania.
Don't buy scholarship until you visit
our school.
FEE. Woop, Principal.
Corner Penn and Lackawanna avenues.
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-09-04
CITY NOTES.

Thara will ha rnaatino of tho ruanaoera
\pf the Florence mission Tnesdav nj IN q m
O. 1oa,. I.t.aI,an ] - .n. W.. ~ Ga.
81. Leo's battalion OF the West side
lladv friends at Mears, hail Fridav even.
6ng
u,
All tne Momans Entis,lan temperance
llons ~ 'He oity MI nolu union meet
at oio IIeen h11ge street TINS AFTER
at oclock. every one welcome
rk upon tne nay aug pouievard
Will 10 pegun ny large Lorce OF
pen tnis morning. Inc Drioge VIII
Dmpleted ana ready tor traihc oct' l.
lsraeA Roth and Esther Roth, Of this
city, and Patrick ]. OBrien and Katie T.
McHugh, also OF this city, were granted
marriage licenses Dy the clerk OF the courts
yesterday.
Ne will of William Biglin, late of Dun
m N>was admitted to probate yesterday
b, lister Of Wills Koehler. The will Of
d Charles Miller was also admitted to
lie, and letters testamentary granted
Aristina Miller.
he Surviving Veterans association of
Third and One Hundred and Eighty
ihth regiments of Pennsylvania volun-
PRS, will give an entertainment and
Snip fire at the Thirteenth regiment ar
mory Wednesday evening. No admission
fee will be charged. The public is invited
to attend.
John Quinn. 30 vears of age n married
man living at Patterson was sari.
ously hurt bv falling from a. bridoe at
Nicholson vesterdav, A. tho Moses Tsv,or
hospital. to which placs he V was ' bronght h
IL is difficult to determine the extent NJ
his Injuries.
MI ,.o, 90 n.
r,ad 1o o1anua na who ~ maU as hnsy ryan, Oh hali-
take place this morning at o o,clocS w;th n
The Scranton tribune. [volume] (Scranton, Pa.) 1891-1910, 1894-09-04
MUSIC FILLED
THE ATMOSPHERE
Bauers'S Band and the Columbian Glee Club
EnlVen the Proceedings.
MR.. JONES' CAMPAIGN NOVELTY

The Candidate for District Attorney
introduces an innovation on the Eve
of the OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES and
Fellows Both Make Claims-How
the Remainder of the Ticket Will Be
Made Up, According to Those In
terested-A Fight Promised on Gre
dentials Reese G. Brooks for Per-
manent Chairman.