Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1894-06-12
NUMBER "a.

only the universal nefhor Of surveying
and preparing mapS The cost varies
widely. The most expensive work II
that done on the mile scale In the north.
eastern states, where IL averages about
tiOper mile On the great plains In Kan.
sas. Nebraska and the Dako,as II costs
s,~s than third n much. and averaging
the oost on all the scales for the whole
United States year after year u is about
t5 pr square mile You can sec how
very little work l. required 30 present
the variations % level On this chart for
q section of South Dakota Leaving
out Alaska. the work for the whole
country will o1st about tl5. 900, 900.
which l. A. expansive A. congress Il In
the humor to authorize at present The
work has now bcon In progress ~ years
Tee. 20 Maps.
The amount ~ money wasted for
want ~ such map. has b"cn enormous
II IL certain that in the matter of rail-
rod building alone the los has b',cn
many timss lsrcater than the cost % this
entire survey. In the large map Jon ses
that the scale IL four miles to an inch.
bat this will no, do for economic pur.
poses, and - We have two other scales
the densely settled portions % the
country ON the sale ~ one mile to an
inch and o,.sr sections at two miles
These lines present at glance the ~
lief ~ the country. hills. valleys. noun.
tains and canyons. each suooc--iye line
showing the Increasing height ab0ye
soa level. 80 where the slopo l. steep
these lines aro very Gloss. and where 10
l. gentle they are far apart, and any
observer can soo the slops at glanos,
The map II drawn In sheets IL inches
long and from ~ to IS inches wide
each sheet upnn two mile scale. and
therefore comprising an ara u half q
degree In latitude by half n degrc. In
longitude. and ~ the width ~ the map
must be greater as We ~ toward tho
south
Major row.Ir. Grsad wsrl.
Itwas in Utah In the summer u 1859
that frst met Major Powell and felt
the cuntagion u his enthusiasm iIo
hail made his frst trial NJ the Grand
canyon ~ the Colorado and wa full of
schemes for the survey u all that part
of the great river. valley north % the
Arizona line. asuryey since largely com.
plcted About 100, 900 SQUARE mile- 81
the Colorado basin are now A. familiar
o. gcologists n most - the ara u the
older states, and scOtp- ~ mining camps
arr lOratod where then only the Noun
tain utos ruamed. save when the white
hunters went there IN the autumn fUr
deer and other game aud an OocasiOnal
encounter with cinnamon bar and
mountain lion.
John Wesley Powell. son ~ q Meth.
odist preacher. Il q native ~ Mount
Morris. y. y. and bocame = teacher q
geology and enthusiastic explorer while
yet In hi. cnllcgc cuurso lie enlisted
among the frst In Illinois and left
right arm at SHILOH loss which laid
the foundation for occasional troubles
ever after and has finally caused him
the grrat suffering ~ which all lovers
81 science have bcrn sorry to hear. A.
professor ~ geology ho went with his
class-of Bloomington. lllS to ColOra-
do In 1867 and there conceived the grand
scheme with which his name Is ~ bril-.
liantly cunneci~l The surveys h. bcgan
continued till 1874 aud were at fipt un.
der the dirctiun ~ the Smithsonian In.
stitution. but the matter grew to sep-
arate department.. and In 1879 this bu.
r,au was formally organizcd and Clar.
enco King made director In 1851 ho
gave place to Major Powell. who now
gives plaoo a. Professor Walc0tt
Thre year, after meeting Major Pow.
ell I crossed northern Arizona with q
hand u Navajo Indians to the mouth q
Pahrrah crcck. in the Colorado canyon.
finding there the cache of the Powell
eXp@lition's bats and supplies and AZ
Kanab found Professor Thompson Ina
charge - the work To meet such pco.
pie I'm the remote wilds, n that country
then cmphafically wAs, l. one of tho
mo~t delightful experiences In the life
~ a rambler In tho~e days the once
notorious John H. L,e was the only
white man resident In all that rrgiOn.
but the Powell survey was followed snun
hy an army ~ pru~poctors, and many
millions ~ dollars have already been
added to the wealth n the country by
the leading, ~ -cionos there Proi,-~Or
Walcott also b.yan his work for the
United states in southern Utah In 1879.
and there could scarc,ly b. better
place. Or thorc l. precious little there
except rock In 1852 he surveyed the
Eureka district in Nevada
lad. bt..ln... to N"rmon..
John ID. Icc. whose retreat was then
In the dep canyon at the mouth OK
Pahrcah crrck. seemed 90 know the
whole gamut ~ Indian nature by surt
of instinct. spoke the tongues % all ih'
tribas In that vicinity and was a man
of great influence among them Next
20 him In familiarity with Indian AZ.
fair wa Jacob Hamlin. q Mormon elder
of Kanah. at whose house met Pro-
f,s.0r Thompson and lady and some u
their employees Ia ls52. Major Powell
acknowledged hi grvat indebtedness %
these two pioneer MurInons, and his en-
thusiasm In the study ~ Indian Affair.
was catching H. had already laid out
an extensive outline Of studies to ba
made ~ the movements q Indian tribcs
.nd was one - the first to show how
2 pidly the general characteristics q
sib,s arr changed by their long extend.
al moy,m.nt. and change ~ climate