The Arizona sentinel., 1894-10-27

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the case in soil analysis, its composition varies in
different localities and is not always constant.
The soil of the uplands, or mesas, is lighter and
more gravelly and in some places of free; oariy,
calcareous character. The mesa lands are warm and
generous. They seem especially adapted for the
grape, olive and citrus fruits generally. Their soil
contains more magnesia, lime or chalk than the
bottom lands 1t never cracks and retains moisture
admirably in summer. 1t is of that character which
will produce wine that will keep good for fifty or
hundred years, and improve annually, not being
liable to sour, exposure to the air, after
year old, to become turbid and change color in the
bottle or glass.
We can safely say that the soil of Yuma County
can nowhere be surpassed containing as it does all
the essential elements of richness and fertility.
FRUIT CULTURE
Fruit production throughout Arizona is a sub
ject of great interest at present, and Will no
doubt, be the principal industry in Yuma County.
The remarkable results that have sprung from
very superficial and imperfect culture has de-
monstrated that the soil and climate of Yuma
County peculiarly adapted for this branch of
agricultural enterprise. The development of these
tracing careful attention. Experiments have been
made, with care, and facts in regard to the culture
of different kinds of fruits have been collected
which cannot fail to convince, even the most skept-
ical the wonderful superiority of Yuma County
over Southern California in fruit growing, and
which must lead to large and varied production,
of the most remunerative character.
The Commissioner of immigration in his report,
published in $50, writes follows of the rich
valleys OF the Gila Colorado and Salt rivers.
THE soil of these valleys is among the richest
on the continent. 1t is formed of the detritus
which the streams for ages have brought down
from their mountain homes in their journey to the
sea. By constant overhows and change of channel,
the deposit of this rich vegetable matter has form
ed soil of Extreme fertility, Near the streams it
is dark alluvial mold we'll adapted to small
grains and grasses. Farther back there is rich
sandy loan, mellow and porous, and especially
favorable for fruit culture. 1t has been already
demonstrated that the productive capacity Of these
valleys is not surpassed by lands of equal in
any part of the United States So rapid and prolific
is the growth of the fruits, cereals and vegetables
that the labor of the cutivator is reduced to the
minimum. In nearly all of them two crops year
can be growth, and vegetation is month ahead
of California. The farmers plants a cottonwood
sapng before his door, and within the year he has
a shade tree twenty-five feet high Alfalfa be
cut six times during the season. and it is actual
fact the grapecuttings have produced within eigh-
teen months! What State or Territory can make
such showing? The climate, it must be remem-
bered, is nearly perpetual summer Snow never
falls in these southern valleys. The farmer begins
to plant in November, and by the middle Of Way
his harvest is ready. Roses are in bloom, fruit
trees are blossoming, and the graiI fields are
of green, when the fields of the Eastern farmers
are covered with snow and ice.
Every variety of grains, grasses, fruits and vege
tables grown in the temperate and semitropic
zones can be produced in the valleys of Arizona
Wheat, corn barley, oats and all the small grains
give yield of from twenty-five to fifty bushels to
the acre. Alfalfa, clover, timothy, Bermuda and
all the cultivated grasses grow luxuriantly, the
former giving from eight to ten tons to the acre
each year, Every variety of vegetable raised il
the United States can be grown in Arizona, and
nowhere are they found of better quality.
Besides the products mentioned, these semi
tropical valleys produce cotton, sugar-cane, to-
bacco, hemp and rice. With the exception of the
sugarcane but little attention. is paid to the Guilt
walton of other staples but it has been demonstrate
ed that the soil and climate are specially adapted
to their successful growth. Cotton growing is no
experiment in Arizona, for it is on record that
when the Europeans first penetrated this region,
they found the Pima Indians wearing fabrics
made of cotton grown in the ella valley
''But it is their adaptabilty for fruit culture
that assures TO these valley lands dense popula-
ton and aprosperous future. Almost every
ety known be raised in their fruitful Soils The
apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, ounce and nee
tarine, of delicious flavor, and give gen
erous yield. The grape of all varieties is at home
in these sunny wales. No place in the grape-grow-
ing belt of the Pacific Coast can show so prolific
yield. The quality is all that could be desired;
and the wine, although its manufacture is vet ex-
detrimental, is of fine flavor, delicious bouquet,
and unsurpassed by any native product as table
beverage. Experiments with the raisn-grape
have shown that this climate and soil possess
every advantage for the production and curing of
this staple article of commerce.
"Besides the fruits already mentioned, the or
ange, lemon, lime, olive, fig, pomegranate, and
others of the citrus family, can be grown success
fully in the valleys of Southern Arizona. Orange
trees are now in bearing in the Salt River valley
tivated at the latter place. The Arizona orange in
quality and flavor will compare favorably with the
best California.
''In the valleys of the Colorado, the Salt and the
ella Iivers there is room for thousands. 1t is not
too much to say that nowhere within the limits Of
this broad Union can be found more desirable
region for the making of home. No laborious
clearing of the land is required; it lies almost
ready for the pillow. Trees and shrubbery have so
rapid growth that within eighteen months the
immigrant can surround his abode with attractions
which would require years to mature in less favored
climates. Fruits ripen and are ready for market
a full month b fore the California product The
bright sunshine makes life luxury, and the pure,
dry atmosphere brings health to all who inhale it.
For the establishment of colonies, such we have
made of Southern California arden, Arizona
presents unrivaled opportunities Thousands of