davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01
ALL ABOUT PENS.


An Interesting Account OF Their Invention
and Evolution.
Sharp pointed bodlSins, made Of bronze,
Of steel or OF iron. were the first pens,
and they were used for cutting ont let
ters and hieroglyphics in the limestone,
sandstone or steatite Of eastern countries.
Such pens We're also used for writing on
Assyrian tablets. The tablets were made
Of soft clay, and after receiving inscrip-
tons were dried In the sun or baked in
lhe FIRE.
In the far east and in Egypt the cam
Ills hair pencil soon took the place Of the
metal bodkin. With the pencil letters
were painted on the skins Of animals
and the bark Of trees, in much the same
manner that the Chinese draw them on
paper ut the present day.
In Persia. Greece and Syria wax and
k.aden tablets came into use, and tho
sylus became the popular pen. The
stylus was made Of bone. ivory or metal,
with one end pointed and the other fat
tened. The hattened end was used to
erase errors made in writing.
The use Of parchment and papyrus.
HOMtNfIs tftllf0 III n AA'i' At'AANAt -
than either the bodldn or the stylus. 80
reed pens were invented. For making
these pens peculiar kind OF reed was
used, which was shaped to a point and
split, similar 70 the pens now in use.
In A. ID. 553 It was discovered that
quilts made much better pens than reeds.
The quilts Of the goose, thesw and the
crow were used principally. Several
centuries later, when writing paper was
introduced into England, the quill pen
was still the favorite writing instrument.
However. the qnill pens had been great
" improved. and those from Russia and
Holland were excellent.
In the early part Of the present century
there was "A demand for something better
and more durable than quill pens. Ac-
cordingly great many experiments
were made with ,orn. glass, tortoise
shell and finally with steel. silver and
gold, II was soon found that pens made
OF horn and tortoise shell softened under
the action Of the ink and were not SO
good as quill pens. Nor were the silver
pens very good. They were too elastic
and too easily worn at the points.
In 1903 steel was tried IN Wise's barrel
pens, but being poorly mede and very
expensive they were not success. AT
Birmingham, England, in 1920 the man.
ufacture of steel pens began in earnest,
and they proved TO be excellent. The
first gross Of steel pens sold in Birming-
ham brought 500 Mt wholesale.
They were soon manufactured in great
numbers and have been getting better
and cheaper all the time, until now We
can buy for a trihe the best steel pen
made. Europe has always excelled in
the manufacture of steel pens, and Amer
lea is noted for the manufacture Of gold
pens. philadelphia Times.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

One Of the popular English authors Of
the day was wholly incapacitated from
work by lady who lived next door and
strummcd through Handel's Messiah. Z"
His idea OF the inviolahility of an Eng
lishmau's house did not allow him 20
send in any message, and he was M his
wits end till he saw in daily paper
that steam whistles could be bought 10
ne onto kettle spouts. He provided him
self with one and put the kettle ON the
fire in the room nearest the singer As
soon ss the whistle began ho went out
OF course the bottom came on the ket-
lie. but IL cost little to solder IL ON
again. and after two or three solderings
the lady took the hint--San Francisco
Argonaut
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01
DIET or THE GREAT.

Favoritc Dishes 81 the worlds fIiusfrlous
Generals. Philosopher. and Poets.
MAN Is what he eats, d" said Fcuor-
bach, the German philosopher, or, "a he
expressed IL Ina his native language,
Der mensch list was or list, - play Of
words which Is not without its deep
meaning Mans food IS never without
influence on his temper, nor is the choice
no makes In his meals without certain
reflection Of his character. John the
Baptist'a eating locusts and wild honey
was indicative Of his mind and motives,
"a was Zoroaster's prediction for bread
and water crosses Of his ethics and doc
trinea Plato was satisfied with honey,
bread, vegetables and fruit Mohammed
preferred mutton and milk to all other
dishes and drinks. Hannibal, the Cartha-
gilman warrior, lived ON olives, while
the Roman General Sulla's favoritc
meats were wild ass, chickens drowned
In falerian wine, ostrich brain and
mails.
Charles the Great was a lover Of voni-
SON. Henry Nv OF France had glut-
tonous appetite for oysters; Frederick
the Great for polenta. a sort OF Italian
pudding; Emperor william I Of Ger
many for Holsters and oystora Napoleon
was "a passionate drinkcr cf coffee. u
which he took go 10 % cup daily.
Artists, poets and philosophers evinco
larger variety la the choice Of their
meals and beverages Goethe was very
fond OF champagne Schiller OF wine
Klopstock INDUCED in truflc pastry
smoked salmon and peas. Lessing's ia
vorite dish was leptil soup predilection
which he shared with Kant, while Leib-
nitz delighted In apple cake. Torquato
Tasso was lover OF sweet things and
heaped his snlad with sugar SO did
Moses Mcndelssohn, who mourned the
impossibility Of sweetening sugar.
Byron took only one daily meal, con.
sisting principally Of old Chester cheese,
pickles red cabbage. wine on liquors
He used TO drink great quantities OF tea
Bismarck in his younger days was very
fond Of hard boiled .eggs and cognac,
which he preferred 10 ''prctzel and
beer, i" u beverage which he considers the
chief cause Of German pothouse politics
and lack OF resolute aud harmonious nc
ton.
William III. the present emperor OF
Germany. loves his wine and prefers the
sparkling juice Of the Rhine, which not
infrequcntly looscns his tongue. Cham
pagno he avoids, lest sit cause his heart
u run away with his head. - as he once
remarked. but probably because il is toe
. French for him. baltimore Sun.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

I'm conversation with a politician"
said lawyer to me, II mentioned the
name of certain gentleman. Now,
there. said the politician, is as honest
a man as there is in town. Yes. sir,
tell you. he is the straightest man
know. He is white. he is. You need
never be afraid Of him beating you, for
he is honest to the backbone. When
you buy his vote, you may be sure he
will do as he promises. II he happens
10 find out that he cannot carry out his
contract, why, he won't pocket your
money and say nothing. No. stree. he
viii give your money back 10 you every
time. Now. that is what call an hon
est man. Louisville Courier-Journal
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

Dainty French people have never dis
placed sealing wax with the gummed en-
velope, and in the haute monde of France
there is certain symbolism in the
choice of colors. Blue denotes constancy;
yellow, jealousy. Pink is appropriately
used by young girls, and gray is EN-
ployed when writing to an intimate
friend. Red is confined to business, and
engaged lovers find ruby symbolical of
the intensity of their emotions. Green
is for letters from lovers who live in
hope, and dull brown warns the impa-
tent lover that his offer is refused.
White is chosen for communications re-
lating to weddings and black for obitu-
aries. Violet expresses sympathy. Choc-
olate marks the invitation to dinner
Paris Letter.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

It is generally supposed that the stale
ress of bread arises from its becoming
actually drier by the gradual loss OF wa
ter. but this is not the case. Stale Aread
contains almost exactly the same pro
portion of water as new bread after it
has become completely cold. The change
is merely in the internal arrangements
of the molecules Of the bread. A proof
Of this Is that il we put a stale loaf into
a closely covered tin, expose it for half
an hour or an hour TO a heat not exceed
ing that of boiling water and then al.
lowing il 10 cool, il will be restored in
appearance and properties TO the state OF
the new bread. brooklyn Eagle.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

Death by starvation is a thing not re-.
s'ncted to periods Of business depression
nor to the poor. Perhaps there are more
III nourlshed people in proportion among
tho rich than among the poor. The
number OF persons that seek relief from
threatened starvation in the exclusive
mix diet Is constantly on the increase
out II Is remedy almost of necessity
confined TO those who have sufficient
control over their own doings to take
a meal every hour and a half, a thing
hardly consistent with earning a livinS
al manual Observation-Disclosures Press
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

Glycerin is one of the most useful and
misunderstood of everyday drugs. 1t
must not be applied to the skin undilut-
ed, or it win cause it to become red and
hard, but if rubbed well into the skin
while wet it has softening and whiten-
ing effect. 1t will prevent and cure
chapped hands and soothe an irritable
cough by moistening the dryness Of the
throat. Applied to shoes. glycerin is a
great preservative of the leather and eff
fectually keeps out the water and pre-
vents wet feet.-New York Advertiser.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

In Thomas Nashe's "Terrors Of tho
Night'-published in i594--he says
that Lake Wotter, Sweden. is bottom
less He also tells other peculiar things
respecting it cover 10 no fowle flies
but is frozen 10 death nor anic mann
pass but is mummod like a statue Of
marble. Awle ye inhabitants around
about il are deafened with We hidieous
roar Of hits waters whom out Of its midst
rs ont Of Mont Gibcll sulphurous
sinking smoak issues that wen Mi poy-
sons ye whole countrie about st
Louis Repnblic.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

There is "a natural gas spring in Idaho
that is one of the most remarkable
sights ever witnessed. II is about 100
miles from Boise City and is at the bot
tom Of a canyon. The rock there seems
60 be Of a porous nature, and there are
innumerable small holes and assures
These are lighted by tourists, who drop
matches into them until space of about
an acre IN extent is sending forth bright
blue flames. New York Post
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01
A Good Subject For Debate at chautauqua'

The county Jail at Mayville ChauIaa-
qua county, \. Y, is said by the bunsio
Courier to be the 'foulest jail on ln9
American continent" 1t was built ~
1888 and is a brick structure 56 by I.
Ieet. a wooden annex of two stories J,
~ by 3S feet The size Of the cells j.
Feet 10 inches by about 6 feet Two wiz,
uows on each side Of the jail furnish w
only ventilation. A veteran OF the
says that with the recollection OF an eAt
rience In Libby prison he believes tha1 w "
ar Is much worse in the Chautauqua ln'
a Judge Of the supreme court recent9 ~
marked, Every time prisoner IS prous ~.
from the Jail into the court for trial e''
whole atmosphere of the courtroom y
comes imprcgnated with the fetid ouol !.
the prison" During December, janus,
hho February Of the past winter 30 p
sons We're confined in the jail-Sif WV
Migrants, and "A were charged with cri.n y,
ms would give an average Of about 10y ~,
each cell and the corridor adjacent ~
signed for not more than four. Inere az
no facilities for bathing whatever. lIsi.f,
covered with vermin and persons aini'..s'
win disease are all thrust into the cro"~
Gu cells, subjecting others to the dans'' v
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

The world has to have religion OF
some kind, and the hope of better food
and clothing, more leisure and a greater
variety of ainusements has become the
religion of the working classes.-E. L.
Godlin in Forum.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

Landlady-This is very bright.
pleasant room, and
Mr.. Henpeck-Well.r III have TO see
my wife first. for she may want room
where she can have the morning sun III
the afternoon. Chicago Inter Ocean.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

The discovery of a few scattering 81,
soins by party of treasure seekers IN M
Aoiuea, Mexico, has added now zes1 - IN y,
search for the millions in gold saiu y On
buried ON the hacienda Of Jalpa' a'u "a
winch several large parties are no" '1 Tbe
waiting under military protection, IA
amount buried is said to be $50, OOO, w"
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

'see herel This calico you sold me
won't wash"
1T won't. eh? Then let me sell you .
washing machine. Texas Siftings.
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01

1uerrita, the Spanish matador ~ ~ 70
Silied nve bulls in one day, accoi ,.,, Il.
nls programme, for which he receive"
The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893-1925, 1894-09-01
1AE oReEN GOODS CUISINES

How 1t Is Conducted with the conni,an,.
of the Police In New York.
one Of the most interesting and sen..
tional stories brought out by the Lcxo,
investigation of New York city's police de'
nartment was that told by George Apno
half breed Chinese, in relation TO tn. crs..
goods business and the manner in whIeh
Il Is conducted. Apo said that the r, ,''~
The Olneyville tribune. (Providence, R.I.) 1893-189?, 1894-05-19
HOUSEHOLDS Hints.

Grass stains may be removed from
white goods and undergarments by
rubbing with molasses or by soaking
in sweet milk.
Equal parts Of glycerine and lith-
arge, mixed together until Of the con-
sistency Of soft putty, make an ex-
cellent cement for mending crockery
and most household articles.
Shetland shawls should be washed
very carefully. Dip in a lather OF
boiled soap, gently slipping through
the hands. Gently plunge into clear
water and pin on a sheet to dry.
Engrayings AMI prints from illus
trated papers and magazines may be
effectively framed in ordinary blot
ting paper-in light gray blue or pink,
or in light colored bristol board.
Tar spots may be removed from
carpets by applying generous guam
tity Of spirits OF turpentine, renov-
ing with flannel cloth. To remove
fy-speeks from oil paintings, rub
gently with soft sponge wet in warm
water.
Woolens should never be rubbed on
the washboard, "a this process de-
stroys their soft pliability. They
should be squeezed or pounded, after
having been washed in strong suds,
and rinsed in warm water. Muslins
should be washed in a lather OF cold
water, and should never be put into
warm water, not even in rinsing. In
washing black and white muslins, use
a very small amount Of sugar Of lead.
For green muslin, add to the rinse
water a wineglass Of vinegar, and for
lilac and lavender 4 wineglass Of am
monia
The Olneyville tribune. (Providence, R.I.) 1893-189?, 1894-05-19
Speedy Locomotives.

Much has been said OF the new Big
Four and other locomotives, but here
Is one that seems to eclipse every
thing on this side OF the water when
everything IL considered.
One OF the London and Northwest
ern engines during n race to Scot
land In 1883 covered the distance
from Preston TO Carlisle, 90 miles, I'm
exactly 90 minutes, having u gradient
OF no less than one In sevcnty-five to
climb between Tebay and Shah Sum-
init. One OF the most famous engines
OF this company is known as the
Charles Dickens and runs daily from
Manchester TO London and back, q
distance OF 1864 miles. Except when
stopped for repairs the Charles Dick
ems has, since February, 1882, made
this journey every day, working up
the 3 80 IA. IN. from Manchester and
returning with the 4 p. IN. from Eus-
ton. On September IL, 1891, 1t com
pleted the two thousand six hundred
and fifty-first trip. having accom-
plishcd the extraordinary feat OF run
ming ,0O0, 900 miles in 8 years and 2l9
days. No other engine In the world
has run so many miles in a like
period Of time Dallas News.
The Olneyville tribune. (Providence, R.I.) 1893-189?, 1894-05-19
AN ELECTRICAL WONDER.
Heating Iron 20 . White Heat In .
Pail Of Water.

Raising iron or steel to a welding
heat by plunging IL into bucket OF
water is one OF the more recent elec-
trical accomplishments which has
excited no end OF interest and admir-
alton. The phenomenon was illus
trated experimentally to thousands
Of spectators at the Columbian expo
sition last>S&ar, but instead OF being
simply an interesting scientific de-
monstration. as IL was there regarded,
1t has latterly been applied in n prac-
tical way as an everyday substitute
for the time-honored forge fire. At
the Edison Illuminating Co. : station
at Brooklyn, N. Y, the 'water-pail
forge" as IL has been aptly named,
can be seen in daily operation, and
the practical value OF its astonishing
performances has there been demon
strated beyond all doubt. Across
the top OF an ordinary wooden water
bucket rests bar OF iron, to which
the negative pole OF dynamo is at
tached by n wire. The other pole OF
the machine Is connected with plate
OF copper i'm the bottom OF the buc-
ket. TO bring the end Of any de-
sired bar OF iron or steel to a weld
ing heat, all that Is necessary is to
rest il against the bar across the top
Of the bucket and dip the point into
the water within. This closes the
electric circuit, and in few moments
the end OF the bar become hot enough
to be readily worked under black
smiths hammer. What actually
happens when the circuit is closed Is
this The water in the bucket, under
the action OF the passing current,
Immediately begins TO decompose
into its component gases, oxygen
and hydrogen, ana the latter adheres
in film to the submerged part OF
the metal bar, projecting 1t from
contact with the surrounding water.
IL now the electric current were not
very strong IL would cease TO flow,
because Of the break in the circuit
made by the hydrogen accumulation.
With a sufficient strength Of current,
however, the resistance OF the hy-
drogen envelope is overcome, and In
doing this heat is developed sufii-
cient in this case to quickly bring the
end OF the bar TO white heat. That
the water does not quench the bar Is
readily explained by the fact that
the hydrogen film prevents the two
from coming into actual contact.
How great the possibilities OF this
WATERFALL forge are can easily be i'm
agined. The ordinary forge and
blower and the necessarily atten-
dant coal and smoke and dust are all
entirely dispensed with, and the out
fit may be a likely feature OF the
ideal blacksmith shop OF the near
ture.-- Cassier's Magazine.
The Olneyville tribune. (Providence, R.I.) 1893-189?, 1894-05-19
One Bullet for Himself Only.

"The most cruel tribe among the
North American Indians Is the
Apaches," said j. J.. Griswold. II
was i'm the far West during one OF
their outbreaks, and while / did not
witness their atrocities, ! taxed with
those who had Their captives are
tortured with knives, by firebrands,
and in every way that the ingenuity
OF the savages can invent. met one
man who had lived in the West for
many years, who carried a Derringer
pistol especially for the purpose Of
killing himself should he exhaust his
other firearms in "a fruitless attempt
TO escape capture. II taken alive, he
said, he would use his Derringer upon
himself and consider that he was for
tunate in being able TO escape by such
a death the tortures that would ensue
IL he became a captive. "-[St. Louis
Globe-Democrat.
The Olneyville tribune. (Providence, R.I.) 1893-189?, 1894-05-19

An experienced old hOusekeeper in
charge OF large downtown mansion
with few occupants, il noted for u
queer manner OF tidying up each room
daily, between intervals OF thorough
cleaning. Sometimes she merely
changes the chairs about in the un-
used rooms or transposes articles on
the mantlepiece, or, taking broom,
circles il once or twice around the
floor. The result Is absolute freedom
from mice and rats. She says she
learned years ago from a frontier
hunter that all such animals avoided
places which, TO their acute senses,
showed signs Of recent disturbance.
He informed her that always before
lying down at night on the prairie he
stuck his hunting knife in the ground
and drew IL entirely around the place
where he was to sleep. A snake or
any other dangerous prowler would
stop as soon as IL came upon the
freshly disturbed earth and beat a
hasty retreat. Philadelphia Record.
The Olneyville tribune. (Providence, R.I.) 1893-189?, 1894-05-19
RIGhT-hANDEDNESS.
Odd Facts About q Peculiarly 81
the human Race

Professor J. Mark Baldwin, Of
Princeton University, has been per-
forming a series of experiments upon
one Of his children with view TO find
ing the origin OF right-handedness.
There is no apparent scientific reason
why a man should use one hand any
more than another, or why the mus
cles Of one arm should be stronger
than those. of the other A number
OF theories have been advanced
to account for the phenomenon.
One of the most plausible,
according TO the st. Louis Post
Dispatch, is that people become
right-handed from the manner in
which they are held and carried when
small children. The mother carries
the child in such way as to leave
it's right hand free, and from this
early experience the habit is acquired
which runs through its whole life. 1t
is also n curious fact that the obser-
vation of animals fails to show an un-
even development of the muscles or
limbs on one side of the body IA
compared with those on the other.
Monkeys especially are known to
swing freely by both arms equally
WELL although this is a point that
Professor Garner might well have
studied in the jungles Of Africa.
The experiments made by Professor
Baldwin, of Princeton, extended over
a period of many months, beginning
10 ha itNf 20 Mt
however, was only in regard TO objects
placed at some distance from the body
of the child, and where it had to reach
out for them. When objects were
placed near the child it used both
hands equally. More than 1000 ex-
periments of this kind were tried by
Professor Baldwin, and when the OBJ
jects reached for were near its body
it vsed both hands about an equal
number of times. In stretching out,
however, it almost invariably used
it's right hand. From this he ar
gued that the tendency is inherited.
Left-handed children are, it is said,
generally descended from left-handed
mothers or fathers. Those that are
right-handed learn to shake hands
more easily than left-handed chill
dren, who have to stretch their arms
across their body III an awkward
fashion to perform the act. Profes-
sor Baldwin thinks that the right
handed function has some connection
with the power Of speech. They both
belong in the same lobe of the brain,
and before a child learns to speak ii
has been observed that it endeavors
TO express emotions with its hands.
There are some people who are
neither left nor right handed, but
who can use both hands equally well,
even in writing, the muscles on
either arm Being the same size.
The Olneyville tribune. (Providence, R.I.) 1893-189?, 1894-05-19

recent fire he carried down five flights
of stairs sick man who tipped the
scales at 800. He was loudly cheered
by the crowd.
WILLIAM A. HALL, of Worth, Ga.
has team of mules that are % years
old. He has been driving them for
twenty years, and they can be worked
as hard as ever.
THERE are in the United States
30, oo4, $40 women. OF those over
twenty years of age, six per cent. are
unmarried and fourteen per cent. are
widows.