The sun., 1894-03-11
greater part Of tboir capital in s.euriti.. which

Then came the period OF crisis. Ths aRri;
from one end OF the Kingdom to the other.
ioTsa iS4 Sb sSs bsnslns sTs the g @ I
crlsis and the commercial crisis and the1
idisnsss ana soesi meoS diseontspt @ IN Which we
are all Involved. and whose ultimate conse-
onsnces no one can foresee.
iowsd scandal after scandal to arise, and IN
stead OF quietly punishing the cnlprits. 4,
have left. has laid bare every aore. ana has al.
lowed the representatives Of the nation to
abuse each other lik pickpocketa
tits proposed to Increase the land tax, but
the land IN Italy. ns was ,tsported " the Agti.
senator % Jaeini. IL aiready taxed bsyond that
OF any other country in the world. The land
tax payable to the central Goyernment T. 80
mortssa.s mo- gage but To to this s to be added the sup
plement.ry land tax psJabls to the commune
tax amounts to AZ or so pr even 80 per cent.
pecially IN Sicily, Sardinia. and the southern
provinces, have been appropriated In thou
a hss an 10, Example 'h Of the " fiscal system Of the
msr fnanclai condition Of the citizen Of Bcme.
In 1870. under tho Panal government. the
munIcipal taxation amounted to 10 lire and 3o
centimss per head. And there was no idsSn ~
tdm'ona. The Government and provincial
taxes we're also very light At present each
inhabitsnt Of Home paws SO lire in municipal
taxes, or T5 lire more than In 1870. This
without counting the tdssd di Jd,nl0id. The
Sn Rs o tss
Govern ent % lire 2S centimesi he nov now pays
have been more than doubled.
As to the national debt Of Italy, this amount.
lire; II now amounts to Il milliards and 80
millions OF lire. In considerIng, these figures
marked that the national debt OF Italy came
fourth-atter those OF France. Russia. and Eng
land but IN to the bns Fl the
France has a debt oi 33 miliiards with nation
Al wealth estimated at 22O mi nilIintds liar while
has III millIards Of state property. while that
at only milliards and 3Ih millions Of lire.
Since 1870 Rome has been treated, not like
an eldest and favored daughter. but like con-
her and giving her as little as possible. When
the. great decrease in house rents occurred.
the house tax In proportion. they refused. say
ing that th , depression was only temporary.
msn in p Tome sn are e inlet ME esrecisp IN the
outer quarters Of the city, But II only one floor
in house is let. the landlord must pay house
have sent. away the few tenants they pos
sesssd. and have walled up all the entrances
When the municipality asked the Govsrnment
to assist In clearing away the rubhish and the
they answered that II was not their business;
thus y happens that In some quarters Of the
The Son asSy o ss and
bonn bardment
but the occupation Of Rome also reacted on
the entire home policy OF the country. Always
preoccuplsd with the idea Of demoiishing the
Papacy. the new Government allowed the ut
ated into isens rem ataetn S0 The sSeRer
ity OF the Church they soon nassed to attack.
also encouraged the formation OF ali sorts OF
snssociations. such as the Gart6aidians, the
Ms:ons ana do others ThssS o0S' we're to "e sttasS
the laws and Institutions Of the country The
the anti cor stitutional club. from tho anti
clerical to the Socialist. and to the Anarchist.
owners, iormented BY the taxes aud rates OF
creasing expenditure Of the municipaiities.
pot finding sale for their products. hampered
S IN
lied those fGsct or unions OF which We have
The fault OF this. however. is to he largely
attributed to the extension OF the political sui
frage which the Government allowed. hoping
lowed themselves, to be led away by dema-
ed By all parties and easily lost their heads.
Corruption soon followed. and many, OF the
IS.G ahs I'D S
dldates were chosen and great part Of tho
electors. disgusted at public life ceased to
ligious portion Of the com annuity, and the
Deputies were really elected BY a minority. In
electors only one million and half voted.
Another strange phenomenon resulting from
while many parts OF Italy still require colon
fling the peasants go to distant America
The independence Of the Judges and magis-
iuries. on the other hand have shown too ."
m uch independence. shocking public opinion
mon sense and justice. Education also is in q
most unsettled state. After destroying all the
old systems Of education. after making il; asi
new Minister Of Education, and there has
system OF his predecessor. livery religious
idea. Is Opposed. even the teaching Of the
been influenced to make them also anti i-Cler-
cal And when Syndc OF Rome performed
easion Of his saeerdotaI Jubilee. he was imme-
diately deprived OF office by the government
In R short. the Italian GoSernment. whose
ideal was always Rome. having realized II.
seems to consider the new capital rather q
strange fact. that the men Of the Government
remain at Rome as little as possible. Directly
and tho public functionaries ell depart. and
there remain only the employees. the Pope. the
The Roman arlstoeracy has been destroyed.
and also the 6oW0rois'r The artists, poets. an
cient fetes and customs. the carnival and our
genial October fetes, all have Ueen destroyed.
and nothing is left us but universal squalOr.
The moment has now come to glance at the
foreign policy OF the last lew years In Sep
tember. 1914, convention WAC concluded be-
tween the Emperor Napoleon Ill aud King
self not TO attack the actual territory OF the
Pope and to repel by force any attack from
without Italy was also bound by a secret
clause to choose another capital; This was
done shortly after. and the capital was trans
ferred TO Florence. Upon the break ing out Of
the war OF 1870 the French troops were with
drawn from Rome. After the disaster of Sedan
Rome was ocenpied by the Italian troops in
september. 1870. when France was Incapable |
OF interfering. but the DOUBT remained in the
mind Of Italian statesmen that France might
some day Tevindieato Rome. and this doubt |
was ably played upon ny fringe Bismarck In |
order 20 draw ltaly into the Triple Alliance. |
With this object also he suggested TO france |
the occupation OF funis in order To- widen the |
breach t,etwssn the two nations France and |
Italy tel into the snare, and the Triple Alliance
became a tdl dccOIHp aud led TO the financial |
ruin Of Italy. FASTENED by the war Of tariffs |
which France undertook against Italy. The |