davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
SUMMER OR WINTER BUTTER.

Mr.. Sydney Fisher, Knowlton, P.
O., writes on this subject as follows
to the Rural New Yorker:
You ask for discussion on the re-
latiye cost of butter made in winter or
in summer, and the respective profit
there is in it. The question is not 30
simple as your remarks would indicate.
It is easy enough to find out what tie
food of a COW costs and the care of at
tendance, say, in the months Of June
and July, and compare that sum with
the corresponding cost of maintaining
the same animal in, say, January and
February. You can also find her yield
of milk or butter in the same months
and the prices at which you can sell
the product, andso figure out in which
period you can reap the greater profit.
T venture to say that in nine cases out
of ten, provided other things are fairly
equal, the summer months will give
you the best results. I say other
things being equal, and 1 mean by
this that in both cases the COW has had
all the good, nutritious, properly bal
anced food she can make use Of, and
that she is in each case in about the
same period of her lactation. There
is, however, another very important
item to be considered, which I think
in many cases will reverse the result
as to profits. That is the cost of the
keeping of, the COW during her dry
period and the cost at any rate during
the winter, whether she is milking or
not. We hear of COWS which can
hardly be dried of, and so give a pay.
ing return the year around; but VEN
ture to say that in most dairies, even
the very good ones, thereis an average
period of two months in which the
COWS are dry, and their keep and care
during that period have to be reckoned
when we discuss the cost of their pro-
duct. If they are dry in summer, it
has to be charged at summer pasture
with hardly any attendance at all. If
in winter, they have to be fed well on
food which had to. be gathered, handled
and housed, and they themselves, ex.
cept for milk, require just the same at
tendance as though in profit. The ex-
pense of winter dairying is not the full
cost of the food and attendance on the
cows milking in winter, but the differ
ence between the food and attendance
on COWS milking and COWS dry. An
other item has to be considered, which
is, under which system will the cow
give the greater yield and profit in the
whole year?
Ny own experience is emphatically
that a COW calving in October, will give
more milk in the year than if she
calves in the spring. When COW has
given milk for six months and is preg-
nant, there is the natural tendency to
dry, which is accelerated and aided by
the cool weather and drier pasture in
the fall of the year in the case of the
spring-calved cow. On the contrary,
the one that has MIXED during six
months of winter comes out of the
barn on to the succulent grass of the
spring, which is the most milk-pro.
ducing food possible to be found, and
with the warm weather she is main.
tained in her flow for some time longer,
only drying up in the hot, dry days OF
midsummer, when she can take her
yearly rest from milking to the best
advantage.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
AGRICULTURAL.
TOPICS OF INTEREST RELATIVE
TO FARM AND GARDEN.
TIME FOR CUTTING.

There are few farm crops more sus-
ceptible to environment than the
grasses; many of them, though meagre
in growth and poor in quality when
wild, have been found to be peculiarly
responsive when given thorough cultl-
vation in a rich soil, improving vastly
both in yield and nutritive qualities,
says the latest bulletin of the Central
Experiment Farm, at Ottawa, Canada.
The result of its analyses of many
grasses is the conclus on that loss OF
much valuable and digestible food ma
terial occurs when grass is allowed
to mature before it is cut for hay. The
weight of scientific evidence is all In
favor of cutting at, or shortly after,
the towering period, though the exact
stage at which it would be most econo-
mical to cut any particular grass has
as yet not been ascertained with &C.
curaoy.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
How Germs Grow.
camps.

Even in things so slight as corns we
may find an ample illustration of the
law of cause and effect upon which dis
ease is dependent.
The first change consequent upon
an irritation of the surface of the foot
is perceptible increase in the amount
of blood supplied to the part. This,
since there is no rupture of the sur
face, results in undue activity of the
tissue changes of the epidermis, and
we have thickening of the superficial
parts of the skin.
1t is obvious that this only aggra-
Yates the difficulty, inasmuch as the
danger of irritation is greater in q
raised condition of the skin than when
the surface is fat.
It is now that the painful period in
the growth of a corn begins. The
deeper layers of the skin in their turn
undergo precisely the same operation
of excessive activity, and the conse-
quent thickening of the tissue.
As corns usually make their appear
ance over joints, no cushion is afford
ed by soft tissues beneath them, on
which the swelling may rest. On the
contrary, the deeper and sensitive
portion of the corn is caught and
squeezed, as it were, between two hard
plates, the thickened epidermic on one
side and the surface of the bone on the
other. The increased activity con-
tinues, however, and with it the pain
and discomfort is established, which
is significant of the fully developed
corn.
The appearance of a corn when
vertical section of it is made, shows
as, might be expected, the button
shaped, callous face of the deeper
growth, which it has followed out by
its own pressure. This constitutes the
score" of the corn.
The treatment of corns may be gath
cred from what we have learned OF
their growth and consists solely in
keeping the callous soft and restrict
ing the activity of the tissue changes.
It is obvious that the irritation nec-
essary to the origin of corn may be
brought about by shoe which is too
loose as well as by one which is too
tight. We get friction in the first
place and pressure in the second
Youths Companion.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
BEE NOTES.

In conecting honey from the hives
care should be taken to have it clean
as possible.
In many cases the smoker does not
act as safeguard from stings when in
the hands of a novice.
Well-ripened honey will not granu-
late so readily as that which is thin.
Cold seems to be the chief element in
granulation.
Carniolans differ from the ordinary
black bees in being slightly larger.
Silvery gray bands give them a ringed
appearance.
Comb honey will last for years if
always kept dry and uniformly at
about eighty degrees. 1t is said that
under these conditions its quality will
improve.
Bees do better when they have part
honey and part syrup and sugar to
live on during cold weather. They will
winter better if given some genuine
honey for food.
1t will pay, if you con afford it, to
attend a meeting Of some one of the
different bee-keepers' associations,
which hold their meetings generally in
December and January.
" If possible visit some successful bee
keeper during the winter months, talk
the matter over with him and find out
his methods. You will get some val
liable points not down in the books
Bees winter better if they have part
honey and part sugar and syrup to
live on during the cold weather. They
need some genuine honey for food
and it is false economy to try to do
without it.
An ordinary hive Of bees contains
from four to five pounds Of bees, or
between 20, 900 and 25, 600 individuals !;
but some swarms have double this
weight and number Of bees
Experiments made with honey as a
substitute for sugar in the menulac-
turc of jellies, preserves. etc, are said
to have been successful. little more
boiling is necessary, but rather lesser
amount of honey.
Careful weighing shows that an or
binary bee, not loaded, weighs the one
tive-thousandth part of a pound, so
that it takes 5000 bees, not loaded. to
make pound. But the loaded bee,
when he comes in fresh from the fields
and flowers loaded with honey or bee
bread, weighs nearly three times as
much h-that is to say, he carries near
Iy twice his own weight. Of loaded
bees there are only about 1900 in the
pound, says the American Agricul-
5urist.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
Cutting and Curing Pork.

There are many ways of cutting and
curing pork. The mode to be pur.
sued depends largely upon the use for
which it is intended and the different
markets to which il is to be sen3.
Sometimes the hip bone in hams is re-
moved at the socket and sometimes it
is left untouched, while the shank is
left long to the hook joint, or cut up
close to the ham. The shoulder may
be cut square back of the shoulder.
blade and neck, or trimmed off round
fng at the upper part. The bacon
pieces may extend from the ham to
the shoulder or the flank may be
separated from the back. Sometimes
the tips of the ribs are left in. The
side containing the bone is called mess
pork. Without the bone it is called
clear pork.
The accompanying diagram will
doubtless be of assistance in enabling
the inexperienced to master the pro.
cess. The head should first be cut of
and the carcass divided in halves by
splitting the backbone lengthwise.
The shoulders and hams, and 2,
should be taken out. The rump piece,
8, 7 and 9, can either be sslted or used
fresh; 4, 5 and 6, the "mess" pork,
ore good for chops, outlets or roasts,
or the ribs may be removed and: the
whole side, including 8, maybe turned
into bacon. The lower part, 8, is the
portion most highly esteemed for
bacon. It should be cut in long strips,
convenient for smoking. 49,
The head should be split down, and
the jowls, II, salted or sn oked.
The remainder of the head, with the
ears and feet, may be picked.
To cure pork put an inch layer of
salt in the bottom of barrel and then
pack in layer of pork as solidly and
as closely as possible, with the rind
next to the slaves of the barrel. Put
a layer of salt on top of the pork, then
more pork again, and 80 on until the
barrel is full. Then place on top OF
all board cut nearly to fit inside the
barrel. Weight it down with heavy
stone, then fill up with brine of cold
water containing all the salt it will
hold in solution. ..-.
Pork must never be packed until il
is entirely free from all animal heat,
nor must a barrel or cask be used that
has ever held anything else. The best
quality of salt should be used in the
proportion of fifty pounds to a barrel.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
Making ViOlins at EightY.Nine.

One of Rudyard Kipling's neighbors
in Brattleboro is William A. Conaut,
who has for more than fifty years
made excellent violins and 'cellos. He
had high reputation for good work
manship as far back as 1S41, and since
that time he has made as many as TOO
violins of high quality. Mr.. Consnt
is now eighty-nine years old. Some
of his friends, who have dubbed him
an American Stradivarius, point out
that Strediyarius made violins till he
was ninety.two years old, and express
the hope that Mr.. Conant will ut least
be able to equal this record as to age.
New York Tribune.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
VEGETABLES IN A GARDEN.

The following is said to be an excel
lent plan for growing cucumbers and
melons in small garden. Dig the
ground up mellow and deep and make
it pretty rich. Then make hills eight
or ten feet apart each way, very slightly
raised and about three feet in di-
ameter. Nowyou need as many empty
barrels without head in either end) as
you have hills. Stand barrel in the
centre of each hill and press it down
into the soil 30 that it will not blow
over. Nearly fill each barrel with fer
tilizer from the stable, old leaves. etc.,
and pour pail or so of water on each.
Now around the outside of the
barrels plant the seeds, and when the
plants come up, thin them out 30 that
they are about six inches apart.
Throughout the summer, instead of
watering the plants directly, simply
pour water by the pailful into the
barrels of compost and it will filter
through, slowly carrying moisture and
nutriment to the very roots of the
vines around the edge of the barrel
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
A Conyict,s Adroit Escape.

A few days ago John Dryden, one OF tne
ESCAPED from the county jail at Seattle,
Wash. b. cleyerly posing rs an itinsrant
preacher. Three street preachers were ad-
mitted to hold service at the jail, Dryden
Joined fervently in the prayer and singing,
and when the preachers left he boldly
walked out with them, carrying big hymn
book under mis- arm. The guards did not
challenge him, as all the cells were closed On
the prisoners before the preachers left, BOT
they found later that q dummy, and not
Dryden. occupied one cell. Dryden tolo tns
preachers he had just received pardon, anu
was determined to lead better lie. ne nas
in the past few years escaped from both the
Oregon and the Washington penitentiariea.!
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
Saved Himself.

An English paper tells good story
of clerical presence of mind. A curate
who had entered the pulpit provided
with one of the late Rev. Charles Brad
ley's most recent homilies, was for a
moment horror-struck by the sight Of
the Rev. Charles Bradley himself IN
pew beneath him. Immediately, how
ever, he recovered enough se]f-posses-
sion to be able 10 say: "The beautl-
full sermon I'm about to preach is by
the Rev. Charles Bradley, who I'm
glad to see in good health among US
assembled here"
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
FARM AND GARDEN NOTES.


Keep only COWS that respond to good
feeding.
Underdrains, if properly put in, al
ways pay.
Many good COWS have been ruined
by teasing.
As rule, fruit only pays well when
well cared for.
This is a good time to apply manure
to the orchard.
Strawberries should be mulched be-
fore the ground freezes.
Horned stock used for breeding are
almost always kept too fat.
More COWS are injured from under
feeding than from overfeeding.
In orchards good mulch is fair
substitute for frequent culture.
Churning the cream is the only ac-
curate test of what cow is doing.
How much fat do you leave in your
skim milk for the pigs and calves?
A clean garden in the autumn is the
sign of a good and careful gardener.
Sheep do more for the fertility Of
the soil than any other kind of stock.
If you want your stock to keep their
appetites feed only as much as they
will eat up clean.
The cheapest manner of applying
bones in small quantities is to reduce
them by burning.
Fresh soil in the pig pen helps to
correct acidity of the stomach and
keep the pig healthy;
The better your stock is scared for
the more flesh they will put on for a
given amount of feed.
A COW, to be really profitable, must
give good yield of milk for at least
nine months of year.
Sheep growers should go in for
those sheep which furnish the best
mutton and good wool.
Professor Henry says that if the fat
tening period is not too long con-
tinued that bushel of wheat will add
from twelve to fourteen pounds to the
weight of hog.
The hog suffers more from exposure
and cold than any other animal on the
farm. Provide him with warm and
dry quarters, with plenty of bedding,
and furnish an abundance Of heating
food.
There has, as yet, been no real i'm
provement in mastering stubborn
hen; she will often desert her nest of
eggs to-day with as much Indifference
and independence as if she had lived
in the days of no ''steam hens" Per-
haps. after all, the hen is wiser than
her owner; she knows when to incu-
bate.
An exchange says that man who
las seventy cows and 400 hens finds
his hens pay him the greater profit,
but that does not prove that it would
be advisable for him to sell his COWS
and put the money all into hens. 1t
is better to have several sails and all
drawing little than to have only one
large sail.
Always have plenty of good drink
ing water for the pigs. Because they
may receive all the dishwater and
do not think that this is
enough. 1t only serves to increase
their thirst, due to the peculiar con-
struction Of their digestive organs.
Give them at least once day all the
pure water they can drink.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
Old Men As Government Clerks.

The Commission which is studying
the methods of doing business in the
departments at Washington has dis
covered that about one-third of the
clerks are over fifty years old, and
fully half over forty, while about ten
per cent. are over sixty. There is one
clerk who is over ninety, six who have
almost reached that age, thirtythree
between eighty and eighty-6ve, and
sixty six nearly eighty.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
Thirteen.

Those who believe that thirteer is
m unlucky number should fight shy
of the American twenty-five centpiece.
1t has thirteen stars, thirteen letters
jn the scroll held in the eagles beak,
thirteen marginal feathers on each
Wing, thirteen tail feathers, thirteen
parallel lines in the shield, thirteen
horizontal bars, thirteen arrow-heads
and thirteen letters in the "quarter
dollar"
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
BE PROMPT.

Don't live single hour Of your life with
out doing exactly what Is to be done IN It,
and going straight through it, from beginning
to end. Work, play, study, whatever 1t Is,
take hold at once and finish 1t up squarelyi
then to the next thing, without letting any
moments drop between.
It is wonderful to see how many hours
these prompt people contrive to make OF o
day. 1t is as If they picked up the moments
the dawdIers lost. And If ever you find your
self where you have so many thing; pressing
upon you that you hardly know how to be.
gin, let me tell you secret: Take hold OF
The yery one that comes to hand, and you
will And the rest will all fall into line, and fol-
low after like company of well drilled SOL
diers; and though work may be hard to
meet when it charges in squad, 1t is easily
vanquished If you can bring It into line.
You may have often seen the anecdote OF
the man who was asked how he had accom-
plished 80 much in his life. my iatnef
taught me-" was the reply, 'twhen had any
thing to do to go and do it" There is the
secret-the magic word, now THE Lutheran.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
The Giant Salamander.

The giant salamander, says the Lon
don Sketch, is the largest living spe-
cies of the class Amphibia, and so JUS
titles it's claim to it's specific name. 1t
is "a native of Japan and Thibet and
belongs to the same order of amphibi-
ans as the common newt of our Eng
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
:. hss- >
EGG RAISING.

Because there is money in hogs at
present it is not we'll that the farmer
should give up everything else to rush
into this business. To find profit in
it good breeds of hogs must be raised
and the work must be properly con-
Quoted.
There are many good breeds of
swine, each of which has certain char
scteristics which recommend it for
certain localities, and the farmer must
be governed accordingly. The Ches-
ters, Suffolks and Yorkshires are dis
posed to become fat; the Cheshire,
Berkshire and Poland China are more
inclined to produce lean meat, while
the Duroc-Jerseys need less care.
The next point is to study tne
methods of feeding, 80 as to get the
largest and the quickest returns for
the least money; il other words, to
combine size and maturity. Hitherto
the greatest drawback the swine
breeders have had to struggle against
has been hog cholera. The chief
cause of this disease IS now believed to
be too much coin. This grain does
not furnish the necessary nourishment
for the bone and muscle. The animal
takes on too much fat, and falls an easy
victim to disease.
While retaining corn as an impor-
tant article of diet, it should be en-
ployed chiefly for fattening the hog
for market. During the growing stage
proper food elements must be sup
piled in proper proportion. Protein
is the most important element, and it
can be found in such food as clover,
peas, roots and oatmeal.
1t is estimated that in summer one
acre of good clover will almost entire
ly support seven full-grown hogs.
This is the kind of food that will keep
the animals strong and healthy. Milk
is one of the most valuable aids in hog
raising. In fact, many say that with
out it there is no profit in pig raising.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10

flank seemed to be as we'll satisfied as
y man with large portion of the loin.
When the work of butchering was over
the little groups threw their meat into
the wagons and drove off to their
CAMPS.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10

All the property of Italy is assessed
at s15, 900, 100, 900.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10
A DISTINGUISHED Methodist bishop has these

a UlSClUSUI5HCu 11ottf0eth5e e11']1oP
words to say Of the Negro race:
have never known Negro who was an
infdel. I have known thousands who be-
Iieyed too much, but not one who believed
too little. Almost every Negro Is natural
musician. The average Negro Is more eio,
nuent than the average white man OF equal
Intelligence. Taking the best Of the Negro
race. one could hope for almost anything In
their future. Taking the worst. we might
we'll despair of anything. Sweeping genera
Negroes differ from one another as white
men differ from one another. As whole,
God has made no kindlier race.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10

God gives great many people only ons
talent because be wants them for plain, COM
mon work. But whatever our talents may be,
thew are just what God has given us, and
they are Just the talents we need for the spe,
ciai work which God has assigned to us. And
II we use our gifts and fill our places, now
ever humble and lowly. we shall oe nopie
Who will saw that the lowly. modest daisy
not as noble in its own place and sphere, as
the tall proud oak? Nobleness consists In
beinp what God meant US to be, and DOING
what He gives US to do.-[J. r. Miller.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1894-01-10

He who is false to present duty breaEsa
thread in the loom, and will lind a naw Wnea
he may have forgotten its scarse.-lbeecner.
The united opinion. [volume] (Bradford, Vt.) 1881-1970, 1894-01-19
AN IMPERATIVE DUTY

What greater duty is possible than the
care of our health? Until recently it has
! been impossible for persons living at dis
tance. from large cities to obtain the best
medical advice without great expense.
This is now Obviated so that the poorest
persons, in any part of the land, may con-
suit the great medical authority on nervous
and chronic diseases, free of charge and
without leaving their homes. DR.. Greene,
of "a Temple Place, Boston, Mass, the
most successful specialist in curing all ner-
vous and chronic diseases has lately adopt
ed the plan of giving the sick everywhere
consultation and advice by letter CORE
spondence, free of charge
Write HIM a description of your COM
plant and he will return you an eI act ex-
PLANTATION of your disease, with advice as
to its cure, entirely free of charge. Ee
gives most careful and explicit attention to
all letters and will make your case so plain
to you that you cannot fail to understand
exactly what ails you. DR.. Greene is the
discoverer of that wonderful cure, DIR.
Greene's Nervura blood and nerve remedy.
He uses nothing but harmless vegetable
remedies in his treatment. What sufferer
can resist such an opportunity as this to
regain health and strength? Write him
about your complaint and you will never
regret it.