New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-02-25


| onnrovel. and recalcitrant priests were sent
, out Of the country. As long as Napo-
Icon could govern with his own sNonG
hand he could say that the Pope was
his vassal But as soon as his hold on Europe
,alayed the Papacy rose again, serene as ever
and moro powerful than It was before. Napoleon
himself had contributed to this result AS nc
had removed the checks On the bishops
So he had practically relieved the Pope
Of some permanent disabilities Tor the sake
Of putting upon him CONSTANTS mat proved
TO be Only temporary. The agreement d!
which the Pope was made To depose the
survivors OF the old French epscopacy brought
down 70 solid ground the "ultramontane theory
contested up to ,his time, maintained IN the
speculative region of abstract formulate Inc
PoDe once having aCrod directly and without
question as universal bishop could not cease 10
be So He had deprived all the chieftains OF a
great church Of their thrones. his colleagues
and cO-b.shops.' successors of the Apostles uhdef
the same title as himself, members of the same
order and stamped with the same character
He had appointed successors for them and he as
signed to these new bishops "dioceses OF new
nat,arn" Thus IAN indestructbe precedent
was set up: 1t was the great cornerstone in the
support OF the modern Church edfce: on this
dcGnitive foundation all other stones were TO be
superposed one by one" 1t is pointed out by
Tainc that what the Pope had done for Napoleon
he did in turn for the Bourbons in deposing Ma
poleons uncle. the Cardinal-Archbishop OF ly-
ons In the disorders that kept occurring all
over the world-in South America. for exa'Np'e'
when the colonies became Observation-Disclosures
the new ideas OF local self-government repaceu
the ancient ideas OF a sovereign temporal power
IN,
the author. "al the great existing churches OF
the Catholic universe are the work OF inc rope
his latest work. his own creation attested by a
positive act Of contiguous date, and of when the
souvenir is vivid; he mas not recognized them he
has made them: he has given them their eX-
;crnal form and their Internal structure; no one
of them can look within itself without finding IN
its laws the fresh imprint of the hand that fash
toned II: none Of them can assert or even be-
uove itself legitimate without declaring the SUI
nerior pover to be legitimate which has just en-
doved it with life and being" And he adds in
effect that the legitimate result Of all this was
first the decree by the Pope. without the concur
renee o. the bishops. Of dogma-ihe immacu-
late conception Of the Nirgn-and. secondly, the
declaration Of his own infallibility. Nothing
could have been further from the anticlpa'ion5
Of a military expert and an irreligious states
man like Napoleon. In France the resul; haa
been To decrease the influence Of the Church
over the people as a body. but 10 strengthen and
Intensity is power over those who remain de-
vout. In the eighteenth century the adult popn-
latiOn of a parish was equivalent To the NUMBER
Of communicates. In Paris now out Of 100000
Catholics about orc hundred thousand per-
form the strict duty laid upon them by their re-
ligion. Inward Christianity. through the
double effect Of its Catholic and its French en-
veope, has grown warmer in the cloisier and
cooler in society. and it is in society that it's hea;
is essential"
The process Of evolution has been IN a general
way the same IN education. Accepting the
Jacob.n doctrine Of the absolute right If the
State over the training Of the people. Napoleon
interpreted it to fit his owr specific purposes.
He sough; 10 mould the youth Of the nation
according to a formula fixed in his own mind.
His plan was to invest the state which ne I'M
personated with a monopoly Of education. The
popular protest against this iron system. which
presented in the rapid rise of innumerab'e
private schools was gradually but decis.ve.y re-
pressed. The mechanism which he created was
intended 10 make him the sole educator Of his
Empire. lie would extend the monastic prn-
cpes Of cebacy and life in common to teachers.
system worked for the making Of soldiers. The
young were never for one moment to be LEFT TO
themselves. Thus as was asserted in the decree
Of November u. 1911 everything that can b.
effected by religious discipline is obtained. and
better, perhaps in France. than IN any other
country" Tame adds the comment that III on
leaving the ycGe young people have lost a will
Of their own. they have acquired a love OF and
habits Of subordination and punctuality which
are elsewhere wanting" III every grade Of school
life. and again over the Institute, over authors
over newspapers. over the drama. indeed over all
means by which people were taught the super
vision minute as it was remorse.css
Whether one agrees with Tame or not, one can
hardl,' help admring this summary Of Napoleon's
aims ana achievements:
Truly his strategy is admirable. lately against
Catholic ideas and now against the !aic mind
First Of all. he has extended. selected and defined
his field of operations. and here is his objective
point fixed by himself: ION public affairs which
are my affairs in political, social and moral
matters. on history, ana especially on actual
history, recent and modern. nobody OF the present
generation is to give any thought but myself.
and in the next generation everybody vii! follow
my example" With this objective point in view
he has assigned to himself the monopoly Of
education; he has introduced military discipncand
habits and the military spirit into all the public and
private educational establishments for secondary
instruction; he has reduced and subjected the
ecclesiastical superintendent OF primary educa-
ton 10 the minimum; he has removed the last
vestige OF local. encyclopaedia and autonomous
universities and substituted for these special and
professional schools he has rendered vertable
superior instruction abOrtive and stifled all spO1
taneOus and disinteresteG curiosity In youth.
Meanwhile ascending to the source Of laic Intel
gence, he has fastened himself on the Institute.
He has effected the necessary amputations, APP
prOpriated the credit TO hm5ef and imposed
his favor disfaVOr the masters OF science
and. literature then. descending from the source
to the canals. constructing DAMS arranging
channels, applying his constran.s and impul-
sions. he has subjected science and literature
his police to his censorship and to his control
OF publishing and printing ne has taken posses
sion Of all the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. newspaper.
book pulpit. and tribune; he has organized all
these into one vast mandatory which he
watches and directs. factory Of public
spirit which works increasingly and in his hands
TO the glorificatiOn Of his system. reign and per-
son. Again here, he ia found equal and like him
self. stern conqueror making the most Of his
conquest to the last extreme. calculator as
minute he Is profound ingenious he IL
Incompatible in adapting means TO
ends, INSCRIPTIONS in carrying them out fully