New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1894-09-23
QUESTIONS ABOUT HEALTH.
THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
HYGIENE AT Budapest.
HUNGARIAN CEREMONIAL Observation-Disclosures
AND INsANITY-sUCCEss IN TREATING
DTrHTHERIA-THE. rNsATIsFAc-
TORY CHOLERA MICEOBf,.

|
Budapest, September II.
The capita. OF Hungary has been richly rewarded
! for the munifcence with which It receives the
learned bodies that take 1t for their pace OF meet
! ing. on the 81 Of the month. before the opening
session. II had already welcomed more than
! $500 members OF the Internaona! Congress OF
Hygiene-twice many came together in Vienna
In 1887 or in Geneva in 1889. and nearly many
present three years ago in London. This sue
Is due In part 10 the Interest OF the
questions which be treated. This Ia not
a parliament OF pure science, but the Application
of the discoveries OF science to society by the State
and individuals by the citizens themselves. Is Of
prime Importance. Governments are officially repre-
scented, great cities like Paris find 1t TO their
interest send tn. heads OF their sanitary service.
and in general. all administrative bodies having TO
| dca; with practical hygiene have their delegates.
| This year there Is present an unusua. number OF
| individual hygiensts OF renown. and the appear
| ance OF the disciples OF Pasteur, from Russia to
Portugal, showed that should have good chance
| TO learn something more about the wicked mi
| crobes
Archduke Charles Louis presided the opening
session In the pace OF his brother, Emperor Francis
Joseph. to whom the presidence OF honor belonged
| as King OF Hungary. The bri..iance of Hungarian
state dress. dating back to the feuda times, gave
a romantic coor TO this genera, meeting of the
men OF science The Archduke. over his uniform
as general OF the Red Hussa-s. the ,ong man
tie. flashing with gold and briSht-co.ored designs
| The carolina. primae. whose red robes form the
brilliant spot in court receptions elsewhere. was
here ec;lpsel BY so humlrum politician as Prime
Minister Weker.e In indie scribable costume OF
ve;vet green, siashed broadly with red His father
n-.aw also a veteran politician, was In white Six
with an enormyAs fur cap or bonnet. Even Pro-
lessor Canaan Miller. the secretary genera. OF the
Congress- came forward in riding boots be.ow, and
above a yellow silk bodice, with an open jacket OF
green vevet, the skirt of which. cut bias TO ia,
in foGs was wonderfully Ike a fashion OF Partisan
women one year ago. No one knows how many
hundreds Of years It would be necessary to go back
to find the origin OF the Hungarian professors cere-
mOna. dress.
As some 800 papers were to be read. the Congress
was subdvided into as many separate sections az
possble-twenty-six in all Then there was an ex-
position of everything connected with municipal
hygiene. from to asylums and hospitals. set
up by the chief cities of Europe, Berlin and Lon
don each taking more space than Paris. Al through
the duration Of the Congress there also num-
bprless garden parties gala nights az the theatre
and opera receptions az the court not TO speak OF
the vast opportunities presented FOR seeing the Hun
garian dances on their native puszta SO the wives
VINO have accompanied their scientific husbands need
not complain of the mono,ony OF the sessions
The first working session OF general interest was
occupied with Anarchists. Professor Crocq. Of the
University OF Brussels the Is also senator OF the
rc1lm) first declared that the Anarchist theories
were the fruit OF pessinism having the same origin
as the mystic ideas OF the Middle Ages. As to the
Anarchists who practise the propaganda by deed
he sets them down lunatic5, properly 50 called.
who are a prey 10 reasoning monomana.
To demonstrate this proposition. the professor
brought together the known facts concerning the
more noted Anarchists. They are regularly he said.
persons from seventeen to twenty-five years OF age
and generally belong to families in Which are FOUND
certain anomalies OF conformation In the skull ana
face They are usually afraid OF being thought mad.
whereas real criminals simulate madness To escape
the law Generally they are not OF the very poor.
but have rather dropped down from the middle
glasses their nervous system being equll TO the
! task which their NE imposed on them professor
Crocq considers their IDEAS and their methods alike
| characteristics Of abn orma brains. They think To
mike society tremble, annihiiate II even by
throwing few bombs and killing few individuals.
and thus TO convert the whole world to their doc
trlnes Il is the with their cynical Indifference
and lack OF feeling ,mora anaesthes.a) shown be-
fore they commit their deeds ana after they nave
been sentenced TO punishment
As 10 the criminal deeds OF Anarchists they are
Instigated by the detailed accounts which the news
papcrs publish OF their attempts. OF the trials ana
executions and also by the violence OF the counseis
and appeals OF certain orators and writer's VINO DO
no, act themselves. but urge on TO acton these
wre,ches who take them seriously.
From, All this three principles were deiuced. for
dealing with the Anarchist madness. in the name OF
| social hygiene:
Firs,-Anarchist propagandsts by deed are gen.
orally lunatcs affected by moral insanity and they
should be treated as such Gha Is before being con-
Jeuned AS criminals, they should be handed over 10
q, commission of doctors Of the insane for Patio.
logical examnatlon)
Sccond-The real culprits are the writer's orator.
and Journalists. who by their anti-socia theories
and the practical counseis drawn therefrom' upset
and master these weak brains which have no IN
nd
such brains become the dupe OF every Illusion. the
playthlng OF every wind OF doctrine.
Thrd-lt is only by vigorously applying these
principles-especi by the legal suppression OF all
publications that might upset these sick brains
that society hope TO ria Itself OF the dangerous
Anarchist Madness.
An animated discussion now followed. DR. Ruysch
the delegate OF the Minister OF the Interior OF Ho-
land where he * Unprecedented OF the Insane
Asyums. rejected vehement.y all the conclusions OF
the professor from Brussels. lie acknowledged that
some Anarchists are mad but by no means all To
cast them pe.l-mel into institutions Tor the really In
sane would be the cause OF grave troubles on every
side What would propose would be the estab-
llshment OF special houses where criminals sus-
pectcd OF insanity might be placed. certain NUM-
Der (but not alb OF the Anarchists might find their
proper place in such institutions
The general conclusion seemed 10 be that the mas
ters Of social hygiene are not yet ready TO accept
the theory OF Dr. Lombroso and other "cr.mnalists.
who would do away with moral responsibility ana
make crime a matter OF heredity and environment.
or moral insanity.
In practical the great interest OF the Con-
gress centred the exposition of progress made in
the treatment OF dphtheria or Group and OF cholera.
In Austria Hungary alone over 10000 children die
each year of Group and from 100 to 1900 In the
single city Of Paris. with all It's provisions Of the
very latest medical science. Practical peop,e have
often reproached the science of microbes with ex-
planning painfully how men die and never finding a
means of preventing 1t. In regard to dphtheria, II
is now announced that science has entered into its
third period where 1t not only can recognize the
microbe and knows the poison which kills him Cor
Is II ''her"g but also furnish practical treat
ment to the ordinary physician.
Professor Loefiier OF the University OF Greifs-
valid discovered the mcrobe of diphtherla NJ.