The morning call., 1894-02-04
SCIENTIFIC NOTES.


The Strengthening Of cattle has been reduced
to scientific point which makes what the
country butcher would throw away as ona
almost as valuable as The meat OF the animals
Itself. For instance the StOmacns OF hogs are
now used In the manufacture OF pepsln. Pigs
feet cattle feet, hide clippings and the pilh Of
horns are devoted 10 the manufacture OF glue.
The paunches OF cattle are converted into tripe
and the choice parts of fat into oleO oil, a con-
stituent of butterine. IatestInes are used for
sausage castings, blaGderS are used TO pack
putty in, undigested food in cattle is pressed
and used for fuel, horns and hOOfs are sold to
button manufacturers, aud blood, coagulated
by steam. becomes an effective fertilizer.
Even the bones are dried and either ground
into bonemeal or used for the manufacture of
bone oh arcOal, which is aftrrward utilized for
refining sugar and In some other refining pro-
cesses. As in nature nothing is lost in the
butchering business.
1t is announced that the invention of Count
de Chardonnet. by which wOOd-pulp or cotton is
converted into durable luminous and elastic
silk, can be utilized for the growing needs of
the people. The inventor has already built a
mill at Besancon. where the 'silk" is being
manufactured. The raw material is made from
wOod-pulp, such As is used IN the manufacture
OF paper. The pulp is carefully dried and
plunged into a mixture of sulphuric and nitric
acids. then washed in several waters and dried
In alcohol. Thus prepared the product is dis
sol we'd In ether and pure alcohol, and the result
is collodiOn, similar TO that used in phOtog-
raphy. BY simple yet ingenious process The
cOodion is sOlidifled or transformed into an
elastic thread. as resisting and brilliant as or
binary silk. Up TO the present time none of the
important SILK men OF Etienne or Lyons,
France, have invested heavily in the enterprise.
N hnla.
artificial silk produced by this process Is des-
tined 10 figure largely in the commercial world.
A Chicago firm has placed on the market an
electrical system Tor lighting and extinguishing
street gas lamps without the use of the un-
slightly overhead wires and expensive under
ground circuit. Each lamp is supplied with
two sal-ammOniac batteries and a spark coil
placed in an iron box buried in the ground at
the foot OF the post. In the lantern above is a
miniature gaS-bolder pivoted on a hinge and
hed down by weights. ana directly over this
holder Is an automatic gas-lighter, connected
by means of two wires with the batteries al the
foot of the post When II is desired to light
the lamps OF a city il is only necessary TO open
the valve connecting OF the large gas
holders at the works with the gas mains The
Increase in the pressure ali over the city causes
the little gas-noders in the lampDosts TO lift up
about an eighth OF an inch against platinum
wire. The automatic lighter being then sup
piled with current immed lately turns on and
lights the gas.
Two aluminium yachts are TO be seen in
French waters. The Vindenessa, which was
launched about month ago. is now being
fitted out for next season. She was built for
Comte de Chabannes from the designs of NJ n
Grelloux. 1t is computed that il this vessel
had been constructed Of steel frame and wood
planklng her huh would have weighed tons
cwt., but In aluminium the weight is only
tons cwt. Her capacity is 10 ions. The
other craft referred TO is the Jules Devoust
SO foot sailing boat now on exhibition on the
Seine. She weighs only IS cwt. and is TO be
used by survey expedition mp the Niger The
vessels are regarded as examples of the great
suitability OF aluminium as the structural ma
teTial for boats intended 10 be used for excep-
tlonal purposes, such as river survey and ex-
plOration.
An inventor has conceived the idea of apply
ing the principle OF the inclined plane horse
mills TO the propulsion of all kinds of vehicles
upon rOadways. Tie horse is Enclosed in a
car attached 10 the vehicle proper. He stands
upon an inclined floor over which is a chain
like gearing which moves downward as the
animal essays 10 walk or trot up the incline, as
I'm the case of the old-fashioned treadmllls. The
movable chain which The horse thus keeps send
the vehicle, causing them TO revOlve, and thus
propelling he conveyance. A pilot and brakes
are provided and are manipulated by driver
stationed on the front of the car
There Is an interesting application of electric
power TO the propulsion OF boats on the canal
between the Seine and Saone rivers. BY the
use Of turbine wheels the water power OF the
falling water at the lock suices is caught and
transferred TO dynamOs The electric power Is
then conveyed along the canal by means OF
phOsDhor bronze overhead wire, and transmitted
10 the boats by the usual trolley system. The
propulsion of the towing boat is by a train OF
gear wheels connecting the motor 10 a chain
which extends along the bottom OF the canal,
and by means OF which the boat drags itself
along.
A great railway system. which will grdle the
Holy Land from one end to the other, Is In
course OF construction. French company
secured a concession for line from Beirut TO
Damascus, and has commenced work on a
narrov-gauge road. An English syndicate is
building a railway from Halfa 10 Damascus.
crossing the River Jordan on a trestle This
road VIII border on the southern shore OF
Galllee and pass directly through the famous
wheat region blDlically known as the Plains OF
Bashan.