Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1894-02-16
TMfEA{'IIiIENI' GASES.
THERE HAVE BEEN SEVEN SUCH II!
THE UNITED STATES.

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The First Was In .o7 and the Latest In
I3.6-The Memorable Attempt at the
Impeachment of President Andrew
Johnson-Two Successful Cases.
The removal of federal officers by i'm
parchment proceedings, under section 4
of article 2 of the constitution, has been
attempted seven times.
The Blount case was the first. VIII.
liam Blount, United States senator from
Tennessee, was charged in 1887 with
conspiring with British officers to steal
part of Louisiana from Spain for Eng.
lands benefit. The house prepared ar.
ticles Of impeachment. The senate ex.
PEELED him, after putting him under
bonds for trial. Blount's defense was
that a senator was not civil officer
liable to impeachment, and on the ques-
ton of jurisdiction only he was &C.
quilted.
Judge John Pickering of the federal
district court for New Hampshire was
impeached in 1903 for drunkenness and
profanity on the bench. The defense
was insanity. On trial before the SEN
ate, Pickering was convicted by party
vote and removed from his Office.
In 1904, Samuel Chase of Maryland, a
justice of the supreme court of the
United States and one of the signers of
the Declaration Of independence, was
charged with improper conduct on the
bench; among other things, with having
INDUCED in ''highly indecent and extra
judicial reflections upon the United
States government" in the course Of a
charge to Maryland grand jury. The
impeachment proceedings, instigated
and managed by John Ran lolph of Vir-
ginia, We're political in their origin and
animus. Judge Chase was acquitted
through the failure Of the prosecution to
obtain a two-thirds vote against him in
the senate On any one of the eight arti-
cles of impeachment. He resumed his
scat on the bench and held it as long as
be lived.
About a quarter Of century later,
James H. Peck, a federal district judge
in Missouri, was impeached for oppress-
i've treatment of an attorney. The case
was of no Importance. The judge was
acquitted.
Thirty years afterward, at the begin
ming of the war of the rebellion, Judge
West HI. Humphreys Of the federal dis
trict court of Tennessee joined the Con-
federacy and accepted judicial Office I'M
der it, without taking the trouble to
send his resignation to Washington. He
was impeached mainly in order to yacate
the Office and convicted on June 26, 1862
One Of the witnesses summoned to ap-
pear against Judge Humphreys was An
drew johnson, then governor of Tennes-
see, destined himself to be the next SUBJ
ject of impeachment proceedings be-
fore the senate. One of the four sena-
tors who voted not guilty On the article
charging Judge Humphreys with high
treason was William Pitt Fessenden,
whose vote five years later saved An
drew johnson.
Andrew johnson was impeached on
March 4, 1868, the II articles charging
the president in various forms with VIC
lation of the tenure of office act, with
violation of the constitution, with con-
spiracy to prevent the execution of the
tenure of office act, with conduct and ut
terances tending ''to bring the high Of
fee Of president into contempt, ridicule
and disgrace" and with the public de-
claration i'll his speeches while swinging
around the circle that the Thirty-ninth
congress was no constitutional legisla-
ture. 1t is not necessary to recite the
history of the memorable trial, which
lasted for nearly three months and in
which the hottest of political passions
were enlisted. Thirty-six votes were
needed to convict. No vote was ever
takensexcept on the three strongest ar
ticles-the second, third and eleventh
and on each of these the senate stood 80
for conviction to 10 for acquittal, i'm
parchment failing by single vote. One
of the counsel who defended President
johnson was the Hon. William NJ. Evarts
of New York.
The seventh and last federal impeacl-
ment was that of William W. Belknap,
Grant secretary Of war. Hewas charged
in 1876 with corruption in Office, and the
house voted unanimously to impeach
him. He resigned hastily few hours
before the passage of the impeachment
resolution, and his resignation was
promptly accepted by Grant. The trial
proceeded nevertheless. Belknap's de-
Tense was denial Of jurisdiction, based
on the circumstance that when the i'm
parchment resolution passed the house
he had ceased to be d civil officer of the
United States. The impeachment pro-
ceedings failed by the lack of two
thirds majority in the senate for convic-
ton.
1t will be observed that in only two
cases have impeachment proceedings
against a civil officer of the United
States been prosecuted successfully be
fore the senate by the house of repre-
sentatives. One of these was for the re-
moval of drunken and profane judge,
whose presence upon the bench was
public scandal. The other was purely
formal proceeding to vacate the Office OF
judge actually engaged in open rebel
lion against the government, but tech
nically still an incumbent of his Office
under the government. Of the five I'M
successful impeachment proceedings Oh
record, two failed for want of juris-
diction. Of the whole seven cases, four
concerned judicial officers. Only once
has there been an attempt to punish by
Impeachment a cabinet officer. Only
once has there been an attempt to pun
ish and remove by impeachment presi-
dent of the United States.-New York
Sun.
The Secret of Success.
To be truly successful, q man must be