davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
Sailing THE BUTTER.
ALI Depends on the Taste OF
the Customers.
EVIL EFFECT OF INFERIOR SALT

Question Involved in Some Dimcuity
when a Definite Answer Is Required
as to the Exact Amount of Salt to a
Pound of Butter.
The question of sailing butter is in
volved in some difficulty when definite
answer is required as to the exact amount
of salt to a pound of butter. All OF
which depends on the taste of the GUS
toners. One customer likes as much as
one and half ounces to the pound, while
another desires no more than half an
ounce. Then there is the question OF
the manner in which the salt is added,
whether in dry state or in the form OF
brine.
This is point on which many people
differ. 1t is difficult to lay down hard
and-fast rule, says an ex-dairy teacher in
London Dairy, as to the strength Of
brine. when brine is used. In it's use a
dairy maid ought to make the brine OF
the strength best calculated to suit the
market to which she sends the butter.
Should only very slightly sailed butter
be required, as for the London market,
one pound of good salt to gallon OF
water, left on the butter for about ten
minutes, will be sufficient; enough brine
should be used to cover the grains thor
oughly. As general rule, little less
brine than the quantity OF cream put in
the churn should be used. If more
fully sailed butter be desired, the amount
of salt to the gallon should be increased
and allowed to remain a longer time on
the grains of butter-say twenty min
utes to half an hour. / certainly con-
slider sailing by means of brine the best
method, if carried out with judgment.
| find there are many who have tried
brine and given it up because they fail
to get the butter sufficiently salt; and
on inquiry generally find the butter is
churned into Jumps before brining.
Done in this way it is useless, as it
would be hours before the salt had
penetrated to the center of each lump,
while the exterior would be too salt,
failing to effect that uniformity which
should be the aim and object of all good
buttermakers. On the other hand, II
the grains are no larger than wheat at
the time of brining, the salt will quickly
penetrate, distributing it far more evenly
than by dry sailing, and also, in my
opinion, improving the color, flavor and
texture. Should the dairymaid be
churning daily, and desires to be eco
nomical, she can with safety, if the brine
be clear when drawn off, use it again for
the next lot of butter-of course adding
little salt to make up for that incor-
porated in the previous days butter.
The salt used should always be of the
best quality, either for dry sailing or
brining-though it is perhaps not quite
so important in the latter case. The
use of inferior salt often spoils large
quantities of butter placed on the mar
ket, which otherwise might have been Of
good quality. 1t is false economy to use
so-called cheap salt, and especially as a
reliable brand is now so easily obtain
able.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
Death In Floating Dust Particles.

The Staten island microscopical
sharps who have been examining the
dust that Sits into the best modern built
New York houses find in single gram
10 grains) scraped from a third story
window not less than 5000, 900 of mi
crobes and bacteria, besides chalk, plas-
ter, hair, wood, fiber, vegetable refuse,
pollen cells and numerous other infini-
sesimal notes and unclassifed particles.
st. Louis Republic.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
SIGNALING WITH MIRRORS.
The Long Distance Photograph Record
Broken.

The Long Distance HeliOgraph Record
Broken.
DENVER, September 22.-Captain W.
A. Glassford, chief signal officer of the
United States army, department OF Col
orado, accompanied by Sergeants John
McGlone, James H. Mclaughlin and
William Bessell, arrived in Denver to-
dav direct from the snow-clad heights of
Mount Uncompahgre. With the assist
ance of Sergeants Bartsh and Griffin,
stationed on Mount Ellen, they succeed
ed in breaking the worlds record for
long-distance heliograph signaling.
Among the congratulatory messages re-
ceived by Captain Glassford is one from
Chief Signal Officer A. W. Greeley at
Washington, and was sent by Photograph
to Mount Uncompahgre from here. 1t
is as follows:
Congratulations on the indefatigable
exertions and skillful arrangements
whereby you have beaten the world
record for long-distance heliograph sig
mailing by fifty-eight miles. The United
States has reason to congratulate itself
upon the American ingenuity and assld-
uous exertions whereby it's soldiers have
been enabled to transmit with a mirror
of sixty-four square inches rejecting
surface message sixty-fve miles farther
than the famous Laurel-Mauritius line
between the Island of Mauritius and
Rivnion with its magnificent apparatus
and mirror of $4,000 inches of rejecting
surface. This record must stand unsur-
passed for many years, if not for all
time"
The officers found the ascent of Mount
Uncompahgre difficult, and suffered Sc
verely from the cold while there.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
Bold Grecian Bripands.

ATHENS, September 23.-Near Lima
on the Turkish frontier and head of the
Gulf of Volo procureur du roi, Judge
and two secretaries, returning in a car
riage, accompanied by two gendarmes,
from villages where they had been COL
lecting information in regard to the brig
andage, were surrounded by brigands,
who carried off the procureur du roi and
Judge to stronghold on Mount Othrys.
Later the prisoners were allowed to send
word to friends. The brigands de-
manded that no pursuit be made until a
ransom is paid. A detachment of 100
soldiers was sent to attack the brigands.
The brigands were exterminated, but
the procureur du roi was killed and the
Judge MORALLY wounded.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
HEROISM IN WHALES.
Numerous Instances Where Whales Have
Died For Love.

Numerous Instances Where Whales Have
Died For Love.
Heroic affection is about the last quail
ity the average landlubber would look for
in a whale, and yet Captain Scoresby has
witnessed numbers of incidents where it
was conspicuously displayed. He relates
how one of his harpooners, having struck
a young whale in order to secure the moth
er, saw her instantly rise, wrap her flip
pers round her young one and descend,
dragging about 600 feet of line out of the
boat, with marvellous force and velocity.
Again she rose to the surface, darted furi-
ously to and fro, frequently stopped short
or suddenly changed her direction, giving
every possible intimation of agony. The
boats continued to pursue her closely for
a length of time, while she, poor creature,
seemed utterly regardless of the dangers
which surrounded her. At last one of the
boats approached so near that a harpoon
was thrown at her, then a second har
pooh, and third. Still she did not at
tempt to escape, but allowed the other
boats to approach, SO that more harpoons
were attached, till in the course of an
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
Whales.

Whales, though they are mammals,
are fitted to live like fishes in water.
The true whales are of two kinds of
families-the spermacet whale, which
has teeth in the lower jaw, and the
whalebone whale, which has none. OF
the first named, there are two species,
the cachalot and the sperm, which,
when full grown, measures from 20 to
30 feet The capture of this animal ID
attended with greater danger than that
Of the whalebone or Greenland whale
Oh account Of its formidable teeth
Philadelphia Press.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
His Earnest Wish,

Oltope-I wish l was barrel.
Hisfriend-Why? Can't you hold
enough?
Oltope-Yes. There's no trouble
about that. The advantage is that no
matter how often the barrel is filled or
how full, its head never gets any bigger.
Detroit Free Press.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
WAR ON GAMBLING.
The Latest Large City That This Reform
Has Struck.

CHICAGO, September 22.-The gam
blers, who have thus far looked on with
q smile at the efforts of the civic author
tiles to close them up, are tonight gen.
timely alarmed, and not single gam
bling resort is open. Early in the day
the Mayor ordered the places closed, and
his orders were promptly obeyed. Not
withstanding this the House of David
and the Newport Club were raided on
search warrants issued by Judge Bren-
tano. The Sheriff took two valuable lay
outs. and although he was served with
writs of replevin. he refused to return
the property until ordered to do so by
Judge Brentano. The matter was car
ried into court, and Judge Brentano re-
fused to surrender the furniture and or
dered it destroyed. 1t was carried into
the basement of the county building and
smashed into kindling wood.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
ANTl-cAT coNTRIvANcES.
Inventions Designed to Discourage NoctuHs
nal Feline Conventions ON Back Fences.

Inventions Designed to discourage NOctuHs
nal Feline Conventions ON Back Fences.
One of the greatest trials of city life,
particularly in hot weather, Is the nightly
conventions Of musical cats on backyard
fences, and sundry inventive geniuses
have displayed no little ingenuity in de-
yising schemes to abate the nuisance. Ono
continuance which has been erected on q
back fence consists of system of revolv-
ing paddles, which, turning In the wind,
offer absolutely no foothold to the cats
paws. Each wheel, or paddle, is two feet
long and has three fukes. As soon as q
cat steps on one arm or f1uke it recedes
from under him, and the next one coming
around strikes blow which deposits him
on the outside of the fence.
Another man has a system OF rollers,
such as are used in window curtains. The
principle is much the same as in the fore
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
TREATY WITH SPAIN.
Spanish Minister Instructed
to Open Negotiations.
A FAIR UNDERSTANDING NEEDED

He Says Our Trade with the Spanish
Antilles VIII Average Twenty Mill
ions a Year-Hopeful OF Accomplish
ing Reciprocal Trade Relations.
WASHINGTON, September 2.-Senor
Nicaragua, the Spanish Minister, author
ICES the following statement as to recent
cable reports that Spain had instructed
him to open negotiations for new COM
mercial treaty:
"Since the reciprocity arrangements
a brisk trade has been carried on be-
tween the United States and Cuba and
Porto Rico composed principally of farm
products, which runs up into the mill
ions, say an average of So, 900, 900 yearly
for American exports. 1t is as much IN
the interest of the United States as of
Spain that the exchange of mutual COM
modities should not collapse. The Ameri-
can sugar producers do not raise the
tenth part of the home consumption,
and struggle besides under the dlsad..
yantages of climate, soil and price OF
labor. Americans, therefore, need our
sugar, and their refining industries are
largely benefited by it, as well as the
farming products, which find ready
market for their surplus in Cuba and
Porto Rico. Everything points to the
necessity of a fair and equitable under
standing, even if it should not assume
the formalities of treaty."
Spain has already freed from duty all
goods which left this country prior to
August 81 last, the date the new tariff
took effect. Secretary Carlisle has de-
clined like concession toward Cuban
sugar and other products shipped prior
to August q, but landed IN this country
after that day. This has created quite
an agitation in Cuba. So far as Cuba is
concerned, at least, the Spanish au-
thorities, it is said, feel hopeful OF &C.
complishing something in the line OF
reciprocal trade relations.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27

"o niver see Mamie goin to school
without her rubbers on, Mrs. Flanagan. !"
mo; she has to cross the electric rail-
way thrack, and her father thinks it
would be the safest for her to wear in
sulathors. "-Harper's Bazaar.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
Doing Society.

The young man about town is crush"
ing society just now for all it is worth.
One of the smart set writes to friend.
II have been invited out every night for
two weeks, but have accepted only one
bid. New York Tribune.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
DRIED FRUIT TRADE.
War Between the Fruit Dealers and the
Horticulturists.

War Between the Fruit Dealers and the
Horticulturists.
SAN Francisco, September 22.-There
is a block in the dried fruit trade, which
should be in full activity at this time. A
large section of growers are holding out
for better prices than rule in the San
Francisco market, and to the perplexity
of the commission merchants telegraph
orders are being received from the East
at figures that will not permit of their
being filed. This condition OF affairs
has produced tension between the fruit
dealers and the horticulturists, which
has led to an acrimonious discussion be-
tween the Fruit Produce Exchange and
the California Fruit Exchange, repre-
senting the opposing interests. ACCUSE
tions of depressing the Eastern markets
for the purpose OF speculation are mace
against the city merchants, whlie they
charge that the policy pursued by the
country element is bringing disaster on
the industry. This lamentable condl-
ton of affairs is well known east OF the
mountains, and is being taken advan-
tage of by orders.
The growers this season are in meas
ure independent of the San Francisco
fruit houses. BY the formation OF local
exchanges they have been able to obtain
advances from the country banks, which
they are not called upon to pay at once,
and they threaten through the Cali
fornia Fruit Exchange to deal directly
with the brokers in Eastern towns at
higher prices than are quoted by the
Fruit Produce Exchange. In the Santa
Clara Valley, Vacaville and Winters dis
tricts they are piling up their fruit IN
warehouses. Sonoma, Napa and some
of the Southern counties are, however,
selling through the San Francisco mer-
chants. 1t is stated at the California
Fruit Exchange that the policy pursued
by the local exchanges has been pushed
too far and may lead to loss. The recon-
mendation sent out from the central
body of the local exchanges was to sell
the lower grades of fruits at current
prices and to hold on to the higher.
Instead all kinds are being held for an
advance of from l to Scents pound, &C
cording to the kind and quality of fruit.
The commission merchants say they
have been forced in the absence of Or
ders to become spectators to certain
extent. They assert they have always
furnished advances to the growers, stand
ing the interest and the loss on rejection
of goods on a falling market, and their
wrath at being charged with thievery by
a San Francisco paper knows no bounds.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27

For every pound of water that is put
into milk sold in our cities the buyer is
cheated cent on the dollar. From our
experience good many dollars are paid
for water.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
Just His WAY.

Many man who bowls loudly abous
the wrongs Of society" and the in
CAPABILITIES Of our social system" always
lets his wife carry the baby.-Chicaga
Tribune
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27
SOUTHERN DISAGREEMENT.
Another Effort to End the Southern Pa
cific and AtchisOn Differences.

Another Effort to End the Southern Pa
cific and AtchisOn Differences.
SAN Francisco, September 22.-An-
other effort is to be made to adjust the
differences of opinion that have SO long
interfered with the amicable relations
between the Southern Pacific and the
Atlantic and Pacific. Both companies
have appointed representatives, who are
to meet for conference at Ell PasO next
week. The gentlemen authorized to
speak for the Southern Pacitic-J. e..
Stubs, T. II. Goodman and j. A. Fill
more-left for the scene of their labors
to-day. One of the main points OF con-
tention between the two corporations
has been in regard to the granting OF
"sde riders" to through passengers
without extra charge. The Atchison
and Topeka managers, who control the
Atlantic and Pacific, have always con-
tended that they propose to carry pas
sengers from Chicago to San Francisco
around by and through Los Angeles in
stead of by the most direct route. A
few months ago the Southern Pacific put
in force rule allowing passengers from
Los Angeles to Chicago to make a side
ride from that city to San Francisco and
then East by Sacramento without extra
charge. The Atchison and Topeka folks
declared that this was equivalent to a
cut of 81 in the through rate, and made
a corresponding reduction. The South
ern Pacific retaliated, and rate war en-
sued that lasted for sometime to the det-
riment of both companies. At length a
truce was struck, with the understand
ing that the dispute should be referred
to representatives of the opposing sides.
In consonance with that agreement the
meeting at Ell Paso will be held next
week.
The islander. [volume] (Friday Harbor, Wash.) 1891-1899, 1894-09-27

The following are the prices paid by
retail dealers for round lots delivered at
the wharf or on the cars, or the jobbing
rates quoted by wholesale dealers with
ordinary terms of credit:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1894-05-18

The suggestion of the state central
committee that legislative candidates
be nominated at the time the dele
gates for the state convention are NOM
mated or at some time so as to separ-
ate them from the selection of county
officers, is good one Such a move
will prevent any chance of votes being
traded off for county officers, and re-
suit in the selection of the best legis-
lative material. And. that is what is
wanted. The Republicans should put
their best men to the front this wear,
and there will be no trouble whatever
as to the outcome Of the legislative
ticket.
August Frohbose, the man who
was injured by cave-in of the Byron
street sewer, was more badly hurt than
was at first thought. DR.. Davis is at
tending him at his home on North
Second street, and states that the man
is internally injured, besides having a
wrist and rib broken. 1t is probable
that splinter from the rib penetrated
the lung.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-21

ready about 1000, GOO acres of irrigated and.-Chicago Standard.
 It is said that of all the races in South Africa the Zulus posses the strongest characteristics They are of fine physique and remarkable mental endowments. Their language is char acterized by extreme refinement and in it's precision of grammatical forms and facility for making compound words it is scarcely inferior to the Greek.
 Il is proposed in London to organize ansinsurance company to guard house overs and the tenants from entering upon or acquiring unsanitary property. The association would exclude from its books houses in bad condition, while all property receiving a certificate of good condition, for the guidance of in- yestors and householders, would be subject to periodical inspection.
 Hitherto in France Joan of Arc has been almost the only woman to mount upon a marble pedestal, but the priv ilege is being extended. At Vitres s statue is being raised to Mime. de Sev- igne, and at Valenciennes similar honor is in store for Mile. Buehenois. Apropos of these facts, a French writer observes: Woman being, even in mar ble, so much more decorative than our selves, one can only rejoice over the ad, vent of feminine statues.
 A new rust-resisting variety of wheat is reported by the South Aus tralian Register. It was observed by a farmer, several years ago, while reap ing badly ruste field of wheat, that among it were some heads wholly un- affected. He picked and carefully saved them, sowing the grain the next year. It yielded well and showed no sign of rust. From that beginning the stock has increased until twenty acres were raised last year, the crop of which was taken at a good price.
 Russia has well-aPpointed system of veterinary service The general di= reetion is commuted to a special conn mission of competent officials appointed by the minister of the interior. one member from each of the administra- tive departments, with the president of the sanitary council at the head. C) The duties of the commission comprise the maintenance of the veterinary serv- ice and eradication of contagious api- nal diseases. (2) The diffusion of in- telligence concerning the management and cure of live stock. (3) Imparting of necessary instruction to local veteri- nary authorities. (4 Examination of new discoveries in veterinary and sani- tary science. {5) Authorizing the sale of approved medicines (6) Regulating the transportation of live stock. @ Establishing veterinary stations along the lines of live stock movements. (s) Providing such stations with facilities for the isolation of infected or exposed animals.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-21
SOCIAL INSECTS.
Co-Operation Among Tree Ants in Building
 Their Leafy Homes.


 Their Leafy Homes.
 The nests of an extraordinary tree ant, dscophylla smaragdina, are cum, ningly wrought with leaves, united to- gether with web (see Fig, 1. One was observed in New South Wales in the expedition under Capt. Cook. The leaves utilized were as broad as ones hand, and were bent and glued to each other at their tips. How the insects manage to bring the leaves into the re- quired position was never ascertained, but thousands were seen uniting their strength to hold them down, while other busy multitudes were employed within in applying the gluten that was to prevent them returning back, The observers, to satisfy them selves that the foliage was in deed incurvated and held in this form by the efforts of the ants, dis turbed the builders at their work, and as soon as they were driven away the leaves sprang up, with force much greater than it would have been deemed possible for such laborers to overcome by any combination of strength. The more compact and elegant dwelling of 0e virescens is made of leaves, cut and masticated until they become a coarse pulp Its diameter is about six inches; it is suspc aded among thickest foliage, and sustained not only by the branches on which it hangs, but by the leaves, which are worked into the composition, and in many parts project from its outer wall. N. Badenoch, in popn- lar Science Monthly.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-21
co,o position of the Bee Comb

Bee comb, or '.becswax," the mate
 rial of which the honey cells in the bee hive are composed, is a wax produced by a system of chemistry carried on i'll the wax pockets" which are located in the abdomen of all working bees. tis a peculiar substance, and is said to be analogous to the fats of higher animals. Originally it wns supposed that this wax 0as taken up in an almost pure state from the flowers by the bees, but reeont expsriz1ent eezzied on by tl3e 9
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1894-07-21
The Very Enti of the Earth.

At Nerano there is a break in the cliffs, and the ovel hanging hills slope more gently down to the waters edge. Above, in the shoulder of the mountain, below the sharp peaked Santo Con- stanzo, lies little village called Tennini. The fishermen say and be- lieye that Christ. when he had walked over the whole earth with His disciples, reached this point, and declared that it was the end of the world; hence the namo. Century