davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
INDIANS ON THE PENSION ROLL
Over 1000 Of Them in Indian Territory
Drew $4,000 Last Year.


1t is fact probably unknown to q
ma ority Of people that there are
more than > 800 pensioners Of the
civil war in Indian TIE riJorN eX-
elusive of Oklahoma, and that the
amount paid them last year was
s3l", 1000, the sum contributed to
residents Of Ok ahoma in the same
year being S623, 900.
At the beginning Of the civil war,
| says the, Rocky Muuntain News. IT
seems to have been the opinion or
many persons that on account OF the
generally WarliEe character o? Amer
ican lndiarS they were well Quallie
TO take an active part in the contest.
In, May, 1861, the Confederate Con-
gress adDted a resolution including
the whole Of the present Indian Ter
ritory and Oklah0ma, too, with the
| COnfederacy. and, especially among
the Che,okees, there we many re-
cruits from the Indian tribes to the
southern army, but they main Gained
an inGependcnt organi alton and cut
actually very little figure in the fight.
The War Department. at the begin
ming Of the war, appe.:red to attach
great i'm portahce TO the Indians as
auXliaricS Of the union forces, and
| conSiderab BILE effort was given to as
| Sist in their organ Zation. but with
out very mu n success.
| ia rp
| listed on the Northern side between
| the years lStil and l>G5 was 1850,
but d considerably larGer number
served on the other side, and offset
! the eiIo. Is Of those who were union
! iStS or, rather, who attached them
se.leS 10 Jhe union side, for the is
sues involved in the war Of the re-
iellion we're ut no time very clearly
underSto0d>b b., the Indians and some
instances are well authenticated in
which indian troops fought during
the war on both sides, alternately.
1t seem, strange in this day that
Capable military leaders, skilled in
| the ieuce Of wal and familiar with
the geographical position Of the boz
I der states IN which the battle was to
:! be begun, if not decided, should have
fallen into the error Of supposin3
that in a'cOuntry capable of furnish
ling more than: ;, 0Ue, OOO compei ents,
a handful Of Seml-savage aborigines,
J practically restricted to the plains OF
The West, Gtuld be a formidable fac
tor in a conflict SO extensive, but tie
fact must be recalled that the only
mi itary traditions which were pcs
sc>sed in many states and Territories
heyond the Mississippi lated to pre-
! viuus conflicts with Indians They
were the only hostile force which the
! local militia, where there was any,
| had known, and the part which they
we're ropuIac.y supposed to have taken
| in the revolutionary war seemed
to qualify them tor active service
in withstanding the movements OF
! Southern troops in the Southwest.
! The present population of Indian
! Territory. since the establishment Of
, Oklahoma in 1890, is less than l3v,'
| Enu
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
English Harb0rS,

The bar at the entrance Of the river
Mersey, and which has been such 4
source Of trouble to the city OF Liver
pool. has now 50 far lowered that
there is a minimum depth Of nine
teen iect over a channel LOGO feet
wide, and minimum Of twenty feet
over a width Of $40 feet, AID the
river ulhoritieS say that at no dis
tant date the channel at Liverpool
will lie open TO all vessels at ali states
OF the tide. 1t is also stated that YES
sc!s d awing twcntYoIe feet six
inches can now sue es>fuly navigate
the ManchcSter canal.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
The Poor German Novel.

While the numb Der Ct second anG
third rate novels yearly in rease.
that deserve to be labe ed \ are as
undoubted y on the W2ne. The pitt
able state or the German book market
is partly answered. for this result
since it has driven some OF the ablest
contemporary novelistS. such as Su,
derman, Gcrhardt. Hauptmann, and
Noss, to turn aside f~0m their O;igi-
ma! and obvious vocation in order to
write Indifferent dramas, le:ause
these prove TO be more remuneratlve
than tirSt-rlass novels. Nele. an
standard authors like Ere tag, Dahn,
aud SpieIhagen, who have been be.
fore the public for three or more de-
ccnniums, seem to labor under the
delusion that whatever they now
write must necessarily lie worth
reading. and that writer who once
has achieved fame has nothing
further to do in Ordec to keep it up
but TO 90 ca producing with clock
work regularity a certain number OF
volumes per annunI, whether or not
these books are distinguished by any
of those qualities which made the
reputation Of their earlier works -
BlackWOOd'S MAGAZINE
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
EARLY CIRCULATING LIBRARIES.

The Popular Institution Has Been in
Existence for Hundreds OF Years.
From me I'm memorial, says All
the Year lound, booksellers shO 5
nave been the favOrite resort OF all
touched with the love Of letters. and
in the days gone by, when the art OF
adve. tising was practically unknown,
it was only by frequenting the shops
where sold that possible purchasers
were able to learn what was going on
in the publishing world, to know
what new books were in Course Of
publication and to hear and exchange
the latest literary gossip These early
book lovers one may he quite sure,
would bc certain TO while away many
d leisu c hour By ''SamplIng" the
wares on their hosts counters. and
would read, or at least dip into. many
volumes besides those they actually
purchased LOT more lei>urcly con-
sumption at home. And hence might
arise, very naturally, the custom Of
formally lending out books to reau
for d monetary consideration. Thus,
at the end OF kirkman'S "Thracian
WONDER" published in 1861, the
bookseller makes the following am
nouncement: IF any gentleman
please to repair to my house aforesaid
they may be furnished with all man
ner OF English or French histories.
romances or poetry, which are to ba
sold or read for reasonable considera-
tion." 1t is not quite clear lrom the
last few words whether lle BOOKS
might be taken away to be read, or
whether the reading was to be done
in the booksellers shop. But that
books might be taken home is evil
dent from the remark Of character
in NeviIe's Poor Scholar" printed
in 1862. Step to a booksellers, he
says "and give him this angel, which
II. end you, Tor the use Of the
many-languaged bibles lately pub,
lish't for week. Their price IS
twelve pound. When you have got
them to your study, invite your father
to your chamber, show him your IL
brary, and tell him you are twelve
pounds out of purse for those large
volumes" This was an Ingenious
way of getting around the 'reIleving
officer" but it is doubtful, after all.
whether the lending system was put
into practice to any great extent.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
FREE FOR TWENTY-CNE YEARS.
An Escaped Negro Convict Betrayed and
Sent Back to Lail In Georgia.


On May IS, 1873, Monroe Marshall,
a cO!Ored convict, made Il darling eS-
cape from the Fulton County chain
gang, says the Atlantic Constitution.
Recently, after tWenty-One years OF
uninterrupted freedom, he was cap
tured and carried back tC the con-
vict camp in shackles. Twenty-one
years ago, when he made his escape,
he was young, strong, and robust
strong enough to oTerpoWer two
guards and give the blaOdhounds a
futile chase for many miles. lie
was carried back old and decrepit-
almost too weak to stand up under
the weight Of his ShackieS. In 1873
Marshall was given sentence in the
county chain gang, when, on ac.
count Of good conduct, the foreman
made him d trusuy. One mo ming,
while the rest OF the convtcrs were
at breakfast Marshall made wild
break for liberty. Two guards seized
him, but he pushed them easily aside
and made for the woods. Several
shots we're vainly ii ed at the fleeing
man. Then the dogs were put on
his track and gave him good race
But the negro reached the river in
good time 10 Sw III across ana escape.
The chase was given up and the
guards returned to camp. Years
passed, other conyictS came and
went, Marshall was lost sight Of and
his escape had passed from memory.
On Saturday negro visited :. the
convict camps and volunteered the
Information that he knew the
whereabouts OF an escape. lie was
questioned closely con erning the
man whom he said had escaped. and
as to how he leaned the fact. lie said
that the man was named Monroe
Ma shall and lived on Decatur street.
Some time ago he had told several
other negroes how he escaped from
the chain gang JWenty-one years ago
His sense OF security caused him TO
tell all about his tlight The negro
making the reprot said that he was
one of the men who heard MarShal'S
tale None Of the officers at the
camp knew of the escape and were
not inclined to believe the fellow.
hut the books for the year 1872 were
examined, and the name Of Monroe
Marshall was recorded there as hav.
ing escaped and never recaptured.
The other morning one OF gang
guards came into tlanta. Marshall
was pointed cut TO him and the ar.
rest was made. At first the man
denied that he was ever in the chain
gang and inSiste that he had always
lived in Fulton, County. .:But the
guard was ineXorable, and the eN.
convict acknowledged that many
years ago he hid escaped. Then he
gave 1ull account OF his struggle
with the guards and his run from
the dogs. He left Georgia the yeal
Of his escape, and made his way tC
Texas, where he remained for ten
years. coming back to Atlanta after
that time The negro who reported
him. he says, did it 10 satisfy an old
grudge Marshall was carried Out
yesterday and once more put IN
stripes.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
His PURPOSE.

A certain justice Of the Die:e from
the State Of Iowa, having arrived,
previous TO a trial, at conclusion
upon Il question Of law highly salts
factory to himself, refused to enter.
tain an argument by the opposing
counsel. If your honor pleases, u
consel plea ed. "lshould like to cite
a few authorities uEon the point.
Here he was sharply Interrupted BY
the justice, who stalled: The court
knows the law, and is thoroughly ad'
viSed in the premises, and has given
his opinion, and that settles it." I'll
was not" contirJ counsel, with
Al idea Of convincing your honor that
you are wrong. but ! should like re
show you what d--D fool Black
stone W2a "-ATgvnaut
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11

And nov, perhaps YOU might find
it useful to marry me OF and get a
home for your>tlf."
"ENactlv. "Iou'vr got rcmarka-
ble min |, Nettic. And now, You are
so clever, maybe You know whom
want YOU to marry.'
Il have 40 powers OF div!natlon.
''No, s'pose not but you've got
eyes in your face and sense III Your
head, and when 4 young man comes
six blocks to buy pies he don't want
him a-boarding at i restaurant, do you
s'pose he comes to get a look at the
smirky picture il the winder, or the
pretty girl behind" tile countcr! Jake
BeSco asked me this morning if he
might have you, and l told him l
hadn't got any objection and Il told
MIN | hopcG YOU hadn't. Jake's we'll
to-do, and if YOU take him we'll both
have a good home. y
\ frightened lock was on Nettle' 5
face.
'Oh, I can't-,I can't she cried.
"What shall we do?'
''You can if you think you can.
What's 10 hinder"
Il can't-I cam t." repeated Ncttle:
"but / will work very hard; will do
anything | can?'
But there's nothing you can do, .
said Mrs. Brown, despondently, land
little | can do now that am crippled
up with rheumatism.
I'VE will See," said Nettie, listening
to the sounds up stairs, where Profess
sor Fleet was teaching two Of his pu-
pills.
When she could no longer hear the
piano, she disappeared for awhile
through the back doorway.
When she returned, her face was
radiant, and she said:
Cheer up, We shall not starve. l
have already found work. | am to play
dances for Professor Fleet while he
teaches. His pianist is going to Europe
next week"
"Pianist. Play dances! Is the girl
gone ont of her head?'
Not, quite, l hope, I know some
things that you never dreamed l was
learning, and-and when l have
learned great deal more and am OF
suitable age, am to marry Professor
Fleet.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
Ar OblatiOn to Odin.

Gable ends have significance o.
their own. Horses heads are com.
mon in Germany on the points OF
gables, and are found in Russia while
ChamoiS' heads Oc ur in the Tyiol.
The completion Of a building was
signali ed by a sacrifice orig nally
lust as the foundation was. More OF
the final ceremO y remains today
than the initial one. Horses were
held to be sd red by the Northern
races, and formed, next to man, the
the worthiest sacrifice: and if 2
horses skull was not put on the point
OF the gable a horses head was
carved. At a chieftain's death his
horse was buried with him, and to
day the charger Of an Oh Ger follows
his cOifin to the grave. Poles sur
mounted by lunches Of leaves and
flowers protect the larmhouscs Of the
Black forest from lightning, and rep
resent thr ancient oblatiou OF a
bunch Of grain tc Odin's horse; and
gat es often have carvings connected
with this oblation to Odin. The
sleaf OF corn that is fastened to the
gable in Norway and Denmark, now
an offering to the birds, was oTigi'
rally a feed for Ordiu's horse
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
Blood Thicker than Water.

Once upon a time, while guest Oh
board a big English battleship, some
officers of the wardroom sought to
tease me in regard to relative merit
of American and English sailors ia
certain naval engagements of which
1 had a sadly hazy idea. was
slowly gathering steam for patriot
explosion, when one of my British
sailor friends turned the tables in my
favor by this jerky little speech:
THAT IN y be true, but / was at
the BON mbardment Of Alexandria, and
We were in bad fix, and all the war
ships Of other countries drew off and
left US to fry In our own fat, and
then the Americans came and helped
US. They landed their men; they
kept order in Alexandria; they acted
contrary to orders, but then they
said that blood is thicker than
water.'"
At this the whole wardroom burst
into cheer, and nothing more was
heard Of Chesapeake and Shannon
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11

the disk at the right indicating units,
the next TINS and the next hundreds,
so that the three are adapted to
count up to 999, and the series may
be extended, If desired, to count AMI
register any required higher number;
The disks are all moved from the
units shaft. to which a rotary motion
Is impaired by the movement Of a
slide worked up and down by an ad-
Unstable connection with the space
key OF the machine. The counting
mechanism may readily be thr,wn
out of gear when desired, and there
is also an arrangement by which the
gong is struck at every hundred
words. This counter can be made at
small expense and, in addition to its
other uses, is designed to be particu-
larly valuable On typ2Writing ma
chimes operated to print words COM
ing on a telegraph receiver, where
the operator writes out the words
from sound and cannot 50 easily keep
the count.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11

yarns. Then another weather. beaten
marine barnacle tod his little story.
Il shall never say another hard
word against Yankees" he said in =
eoice like a mufllt d fOg-horn. "Whem
the hurricane struck Samoa cur shlp
just managed to steam out OF the
harbor and escape total wreck. AS
we steamed anxiously and very slowly
through the howing wind and blind
ing sea we could make out the Amer
leans in the rigging Of the Trenton
and they were all in the presence Of
death. But they didn't think OF
that. They gave US three cheers,
and it made the hearts of our men
jump up and choke them when they
heard those cheers, and it made me
feel at list that blood is thicker
than water '"-IIarpers Weekly
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11

FAITH IN COO Is the only sure cure
for worry.
WHAT a little gud some very bis
people worship.
D .UETs are like bats; they can only
live in the dark.
MEN are often gamers when they
lose their money.
Ir costs less to be contented thar
it does to be happy.
Too MANY people would rather
have glory than goodness
NJ MAN is truly brave who hasn't
the courage to do right.
TIE man who seeks happiness
must learn to take short steps.
-. ONE end of the devils throne i:
supported 10y the liquor bus ness.
! No MAN can give in way that
pleascs God without be roming rich.
| THE devil walks beside the man
who goes 70 church with a long face.
! TIE man who does no praying al
home often prays too much in church.
GOD is not in the religion that is
not using both hands to lift up men.
WIEN a wicked man makes up his
mind to DO righ. he Is certain Of Gods
help.
is THE young man safe?" Not
while his father is taking crooked
steps.
FORTUNE never changes men. 1t
only triEgS out what is already in
them. -.
II big sermons could save the
world the devil would soon be dis.
cOuraged.
THE man who is least willing tc
practice is sure to find che most fault
with the preaching.
PEoI LIE who are always telling
their troubles are never55at a loss tor
something to talk. about
SELF-DENlAL isaboutthe last thing
some people undertake when they
start out to be religious:
IN'patiently toiling d hundred and
twenty years without lnaking a con
vert. Noah pleased God as well as
Peter did by having about three
thousand" on the Cay Of Ptnte ost
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
How Postage Stamps are Made.

Every part of postage stamp max
Ing is done by hand. The designs
are engraved on Steel-2OJ stamps on
single plate. These plates arc
linked by two men, and then are
printed by a gil and man on a
large hanI press They are GIied as
fast as printed. and then glnmc,!
With starch paste made from p0'a.
toes. This paste is DIR ed by placing
the sheet in Il stealu tanning MA
chine. aud then the stamps are sub
;ected to a pre>Su. Of 100 tons in i
hydraulic press. Next the sheets are
cut so that each tne contains loo
stamps. after which the paper lie.
tween the stamps is perforated. and,
after being pressed, the sheets are
taken away. l! single stamp is III
iured the entire sheet is DESTROYED.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
Submarine Warfare.

In submarine torpedo boat warfare
it is. of course. a matter Of decisive
imp rtunce to know how far the sub
merged cralt must keep away from
the point Of explosion in Urde" to
avoid being damaged. a series Of cX-
perments conducted at the Newport
torpedo station have established the
fact that the detonatiOn Of mine Of
Zoo rounds of gun cotton began 10
visiDly affect the submerged torpedo
bUat at distance Of eighty feet. al
Though not sufficient to destroy the
life Of the animals, which had been
confined within for the purpose 9. the
experiment. 1t is possible that fir
ings can be made much closer. and
that Lhe torpedo boat will not col
lapse until its distance from the mine
shall be less than the distance be-
tween the mine and the surface Of
the water, upon the theory that the
pressure OF an explosion is chiefly IN
a vcrtlcle line. # this theory should
be substautiated the utility Of sub
marine warfare would he greater
than has generally been supposed.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11

appears tlattened through the effect
sf refraction. When it is desired to
make use of the glass as mirror Of
hnamorphosis, figures are placed at
the bottom Of the bowl. As these
figures are immersed IN water, the
paper upon which they are drawn
must be rendered impermeable. This
is easily done with varnish, or the
figures may be painted in oil upon
canvas.
Fig. 2 gives the outline that serves
for making the anamorphic drawing.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
The LOW SUN.

o level sun. thy broken rays
Lie on the winding meadow ways.
And BY the stream long shadows ling
From willow trees that hedge the sprlrg-
o level Sun,:thy rays are tipped
As wands in thy soft circle dlppci
Low flying birds, touched Us they pass,
F!irt gilded wings from grass 10 grass.
. level sun. these broken rays
PresAec aUother death OF days:
On meadow ways shades pricked by !lShI
Move, merge and darken into nIgnt.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
ANAMORPHOSES.
70 Produce a Strange Eject with the Aid
of q Basin of Water.


OF Basin of Water.
Opticians sell silvered cylinders
which rectify through reflection the
distorted figures known as anamor-
phoses. The effects Of total rejection
may be observed by immerSing an
inverted vess:l in water, and q
method Of obtaining anamCIphi0
Images may thus be secured.
Fig. l shows the arrangement
adopted by Prof. Thomas Estriche Of
the Institute Of Barcelona A glass
vessel very dry in the interior IS in
yerted in large bowl with a wide
bottom. In order to keep the vessel
at the bottom Of the bowl a weight
is placed uron it, bottle, for
example, if there is no other object
at hand. We thus obtain an and.
morphic mirror. The glass vessel
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
FIG 2

II one does not desire to immerSe the
drawings or paintings in water, he
eau substitute a large flat-bottomed
glass vessel for the bowl. The draw
lngs may be placed under this vessel.
They are dry upon the table upon
which one operates, and they are OBJ
served by Transparency through the
plaSs
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
Marsh Cup Water Plant.

' The plant that l found IN the Hud.
sou Bay region which is most worthy
Of notice, grows in the mosSy
muskegs, in places where there is lit
tie or 20 grass. 1t is markable fol
two reasons the beauty or its flower,
and its water-conta niug properties.
The Indian name or this plant Is
Mashkiquemuchas This l trans!a.
ted by the English one OF marsh cup
water plant. 1t bears quantity Of
foXglove-shaped flowers standing up.
right on the stem.
These flowers are either pale green,
with a little red, dark green, and
light red, dark FED alone, or finally
brown, accounting to age. The leaves,
which grow fiat upon the ground, are
broad and green. The hell of the
flower seems adapted as a natural
reSe! voir for water. Of which from a
large one, there can easily he o.
taineI as much as all Egyptian co..ee
cup will hold. But the b auty Of it
was that in the early Autumn, when
the nights were frosty but the heat
still excessive by day, the water it
contained was always iced. For
these charming flower bells are cvi-
IDENTITY constructed to resist frost;
and as. they close in toward the top,
they protect from the rays Of the sun
the lump OF clear ice formed within
- hn c;I1vS 1t nirht.
The result Of this was that often,
when toiling aloug at midday. hot,
and weary through d stagnant
swamp. all had to DO to slake my
thirst was to pluck few Of these
miraculous flowers to obtain 50 many
small cups ruil of delicious water,
each with Il little lump OF ice float
ing on the top. --BIackwGOd's MaGa.
zine.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11

TIE devil will not care who does
the preaching. so long as his plans
are ad pied for raising the moaey 10
run the church
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
1T COUNTS THE WORDS.

New and Very Useful Attachment fol
the Typ writer.
A Western genius has patented an
attachment for typewriting machines
which automatically counts the num-
Der of words printed. There are
three disks in series, as common to
registering and counting machinesJ
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1894-09-11
eAM'S HORN BLASTS
Warning Notes Calling the Wicked to Re
pentapce.

7 IS always safe
to be right
\ FOREBOD1NG
lis always an en-
emy Of rest.
ST. PAULne never
carried q stick in
which to notch
his converts.
OCIETY IS
what people are
when they know
they are watched