davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
SPRAYING MACHINERY.
Pumps of Various kinds-Agitating the
Liquid-Amount tn DO Applied.

Pumps of Various Misunderstanding the
Liquid-Amount tn I,o Applied.
The machinery used in orchard work
is an important item. Spraying is hard
work unless the pump is run by horse
power, and this can be used with profit
only by owners OF exceptionally large
orchards. The vast majority of apple
growers are necessarily forced to use
hand pumps. These are now offered by
the trade in almost endless variety, and
selections are often difficult Pumps of
various descriptions have been tried at
the Cornell station, and the following
are some of the points emphasized by
E. G.. Lodeman, horticulturist at that
station:
The pump should be powerful. 1t re-
quires double the amount Of exertion to
apply a given amount of liquid with
small pump that is necessary when one
of ample size is used. In general
pump used for orchard work should
have cylinder at least ~ inches in
diameter, the stroke being from to
inches in length. The handle should be
long, as greater power can then be OBJ
tanned. Working parts which are ex-
posed to the action Of the materials APP
piled should be of brass, or else brass
lined, for iron soon corTodes. The air
chamber should be rather small, espe-
cially if the pressure Of the liquid can
be utilized in keeping the nozzle free
from distractions. In such cases the
one who pumps should be able to in
crease the pressure of the liquid in the
nozzle by one or two quick strokes of
the handle A large air chamber defeats
this
Many pumps are supplied with agita-
tors, but these have not proved so salts
factory as was hoped. 1t was found that
those which stirred the liquid by means
Of q stream which was discharged from
q return pipe near the bottom of the
barrel did not keep the liquid in the
entire barrel stirred, but only i'll that
portion of it which came directly under
the influence of the current Another
| objection to this class is that too much
power is lost. Paddles Of various kinds
have been recommended. They are at
tached to the pump handle, and with
each stroke pass through certain por-
ton of the liquid. These do better work
than the agitators mentioned above, but
they also require considerable power.
No agitators were used in making the
applications we have undertaken. The
liquids were stirred with a stick as often
as was necessary, which was commonly
before each tree was begun. The amount
of liquid applied to the large trees IS to
25 years old at each application aver
aged about four gallons. If less liquid
was used, it was found to be insufficient
to cover all the parts of the tree as thor
oughly as was desired. When more was
used, most of the excess fell from the
tree to the ground and was lost The
number of trees which may be treated
in day is about 1875.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
Cheese with ButtermiIk.

took 800 gallons of sweet skimmilk,
and l added enough buttermilk to this
so that it thickened in from 25 to 80 Sec
onds, by the rennet test, at a tempera
ture of Sc degrees f. used four ounces
of rennet to / 900 pounds of milk. This
milk thickened in 25 minutes, fit for
cutting. l again heated to 100 degrees,
and at one-fourth inch of acid by hot
iron test ran off the whey and dipped
the curd into curd sink as even and
level as possible and let drain. In 10
minutes / turned again in square
chunks, about 10 inches square. When
it had acid to the length OF u inches,
I milled ii through peg mill, and %
minutes after sailed and put to press
inter an hour, neatly bandaged and put
to press again, and four weeks from
that time, after being in room contain
ing 100 full cream cheddar cheeses at a
temperature Of 65 degrees, we cot and
eat ii, and concluded that If our ga
irons change the cheese factory into a
butter next summer / would make
cheese ont or the skimmilk and butter
milk. AS regards buttermilk alone,
doubt whether this kind Of cheese can be
made out oc it.-Cor. Hoard's Dairy
man.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
Effects of Forests on Climate.

In bulletin from the Illinois station
some facts are given as illustrative of
the effects of the forests and tree upon
the climate and rainfall of any particu-
lar section Of the country. There is no
doubt but trees do change the amount
of rainfall, and also the climate to a
considerable extent By having forests
the moisture is better distributed
throughout the year, and the running
streams are less subject to overflow and
freshetS. Crops are protected by the
trees from damages caused by frosts and
sudden cold snaps The extremes of
heat and cold are tempered and the
whole climate made more equable IN
the report of the Maine station for 1892
similar remarks are made After care
full observations it was found in that
state that the excess Of moisture IN the
forests above that in the open fields,
from April TO October, averaged be-
tween 6 and IA per cent 1t is recon-
mended consequently that farmers
should not only preserve all the wood
land possible on the farms, but plant
new where there is none, simply to pre-
serve the crops from extreme drought
and the land from excessive washouts
and freshets.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
Getting the Cream From the Milk.

One of the best plans Of management
is when the cream is skinned to empty
the cans and wash, scald and rinse them
out and have them all ready for use
when needed. AS soon as the milk IS
drawn it should be taken directly to the
creamery house, carefully strained into
the cans and set in the creamery TO cool.
When water is depended upon for cool
ing the milk, fresh cans Of milk are set
in. Under no conditions should the
milk be disturbed after being set AS
soon as the milk begins to cool currents
are set in motion that carry the cream
to the surface. Any disturbance Of the
milk after it is set will break up these
currents, and the consequence is that
portion Of the cream is left in the milk.
One advantage in having q dairy
house where the utensils and the milk
cream and butter can be kept is that the
conditions can be made more uniform,
the air can be kept pure, good ventila-
ton provided and better product be
made. When the best quality OF butter
is TO be made very little variation OF
the conditions under which the work is
done will affect the result; hence the
necessity for using care in every detail
If a part of the cream is left in the milk,
there is loss. AS soon as the cream is
done rising it should be skinned, so
that all will be saved
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
The Wyandotte Chick.

The Wyandotte chick is hearty fel.
low from the word Ego. He comes
from the shell round mass Of fluff and
pluck Given fair show he is sure 10
make his way in the world against diff
entities The Wyandotte chick is square
built and has good constitution, in
herited rom his Brahma ancestry. It
Is we'll known that cross bred fowls are
remarkably hardy and remarkable as
egg producers. The cross Of the dark
Brahma ana Hamburg give tho Ameri-
can Sebright strong constitution 70
start with and years Of line breeding
have not destroyed it. The Wyandotte
chick at months makes as nice a
fry as could be asked by the most deli
cate palate. No fowl has better shaped
carcass or looks more inviting when ex-
posed for sale This product OF Aueri'
can breeders skill has come TO stay and
is now taking leading position abroad
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
Republican County Convention.

A Republican County Convention for
Cratic. county be held at the court
house N the village Of Ithaca on Tues
day July 2tth, 1894, AT 1900 m. for
The purpose of eleclipg Twelve dele
gates to represent said county in the
Republican State Convention, To Oe
held in the city of Grand Rapids, on
tuesday The 3lst day Of July, 1894, TO
place in nomination state officers.
said county convention viii also elect
twelve delegates 10 the Eleventh Con-
gressional Convention when called and
twelve delegates TO the Nineteenth
Senatorial Convention when called.
And will also elect County Com.
mittee for said county of Gratiot and
tran act such other business dc may
come before said convention,
The several townships and wards
will be entitled To the following mum
Der of delegates:
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20

MORTGAGE SALE:-Default having been
vi made in the conditions of a certain mort
gage made and executed on the ninth day of
october II, d. 1890, by William H. Nestle and
Harriet NJ. Nestle his wife of Arcadia, Gratiot
county Michigan. TO Edward q Bement, OF
Maple Rapids, Michigan and recorded In the
Office OF the Register of Deeds OF Gratiot
county Michigan In lber "a OF mortgages on
page l+2 ON the ninth day of October 1890,
upon which mortgage there is claimed TO be
due at the date of this notice the sum OF
ti62,,2 and No suit or proceedings having been
commenced either at law or in equity TO re
cover the debts secured thereby or any part
thereof, and the power OF sale contained In
said mortgage having become operative. now,
therefor, notice Is hereby given that by virtue
Of such power OF sale, on Friday he 10Th day
OF august SJ4 AT ten O'Clock in the forenoon
OF said day at the north front door OF thef
court house in said Gratiot county in the VIII
lage OF Ithaca in said county. the re viii be sold
AT public vendue TO the highest bidder the
premises described I'm said mortgage or so
much as may Ice necessary to satisfy the
amount OF said mortgage, together with
interest at per cent. from the date of this
notice, and the legal coets and charges of this
foreclosure and sale, said premises being des.
cribed in said mortgage as follows, to.wit:
The northwest quarter of the north east quar-
ter of section twenty t2O) town QD porth of
range three (8) west state of Michigan con-
tanning forty acres more or less
Dated Ithaca Michigan. Nav 10 1894.
STONE * SALTER, EDWARD @. BEMENT
Attorneys Tor Mortgage. Morgtagee
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
LEGAL NOTICES.

MORTGAGE SALE Default having been
W made IN the conditions OF q certain mort.
Qage made by John Peters and Elizabeth
eters his wife 10 William IL. Waldby, datec
November twenty ffth, 1889, and recorded ~
the Office OF me Register OF Deeds Tor Graf OF
county. state OF Michigan, November twenty o
nfth. 1850, In liOer 50 of mortgages, page AL
the power OF sale therein contained has become
operative There is claimed TO be due and un-
paid on said mortgage at the date OF this
notice, as interest. the sum OF NIFTY dollars ana
siNty-seVen cents also fifteen dollars provided
by statute as an attorney fee in case OF fOrc-
closure. and no suit or proceedings at law or
in equity having been Instituted to recover
any part of the debt secured by said mortgage,
therefore, by virtue of the power of sale there
in contained and of the statute In such case
made and provided, notice lie hereby given
that on the twenty-lrst day of july, 1894, at
one O'clock in the afternoon, at the front door
of the court house, in the village of ithaca,
Michigan, that being the building IN winch The
circuit court for Gratiot county l. held, there
WILDE pol1 ut public vendue, 10 the highest
bidder the premises described in said mort
gage. viz: tbe east half OF the eouthgest quar-
Ter Of section thirty. i've, ~ township eleyeh
north Of range tyO west. 6iWie OF llchIgan.
Said sale will pe made subject 10 the principal
sum i'm said mortgage and interest thereon
since Novemb Der twenty.ilith' 1875
Dated April 25th, 1894.
WILLIAM II. WALDBY, Mortgage.
-, !. WLLETT, Attorney for Mortgagee.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20

NOTICE OF SALE OF REAL ESTATE
~ State OF Michigan County OF Gratiot, IS.
In the matter of the estate of Katie L. Sheldon,
deceased. Notice is hereby given, that in pur-
suance Of and order granted to the under.
signed. administrator OF the estate of said de,
ceased, by the Hon. Judge of Probate for tho
county OF Gratiot. on the 9th day of April a d.
lSel there viii bc sold at public vendue, to the
highest bidder, at the premises. i'm the county
OF GratlCt. I'm said state, on Wednesday, the
= IN day ot June n. q. 1894. OF 10 o'clock in the
forenoon OF that day sui iect TO all encum-
ORANGES by mortgage or Otherwise existing at
me time OF the death Of said deceased. or at
the time OF said sale the following described
real estate, to-wit: Lot three (8) on block
three % IN Lyman G. COhoous addition 10 the
village OF Alma, GrGtiot county Michigan, &C.
cording TO the recorded plat thereof. -.
HIRAM w. HUGAEs,
Administrators.
The above sale has been adjourned until
July 18th. 1874 uIRaM w EIaHzs
anna dpne ~ ls9i. Administrator.
INC aDOto sale has been adjourned until
August 18th. 1921. UtRAM w Hrcprs
Aiuia' jury IT, 1871. Administer.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20

Attention. Sunday School Workers.
The attention of every Sunday School
worker in Gratiot county is called to
the fact that August 2lst, 1894, is the
date set for the S. s. Rally Day of this
county TO be held at Ithaca, the county
seat. We desire that this Rally Day
be a grand success, and in order that 1t
may, we ask the hearty corporation
of every Sunday School in the county.
Especially do we urge upon the Sunday
Schools in the country TO make the one
great effort Of their lives and attend.
Make it general picnic. Lay aside
your work for one day, take your wsg
on and trim 1t with eyergreens, load II
with your boys and girls from the sun
day Schools, old and young, aud come
to Ithaca. Come as school, bring
your banner Showing To What school
you belong as We intend to have par
a .e, and We Want five thousand boys
and girls, men and women, old and
young in line. Many counties in the
sta'e have had even larger numbers
than this, but with this number in line
it will insure IA grand success. Bands,
llags, banners, speeches, singing and
the address of tie day by Hon. Wash
lngtOn Gardner, are among the inter
esting features of the occasion. Again
We ur,e each and every one to help t.
make this a day long TO be remembered.
JAMES KREss, County Pres
REV. Ii. Ii. PETTITT, Co. Sec'y.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20

NOTICE on JAsE:-state OF Michigan,
" County OF GTalio,, e.. ~ the matter OF
Notice is hereby given that in pursuance 81 a
license granted TO the undersigLed, guardian
of The estate of Laura NJ. Crout. inCompoteni.
~. rse Hon Judge of Probate for the county
az Gtaue. osi.he 18th day of May A. D. 1858.
there wifi ho Add "a p.sh,ic vcnduc 10 The high
cet bidder ut the prtsaises described herein iu
the village Oh Alma, county Hlu Stale o4oie-
laid, on the 18TH day Of Auglrst. fstl, 1t ten
% .io.L iu the forenoon OF that day the follow
ing desoriued real eetaie, to-wit: Lot i've ~,
block six 3d. village OF Ai..la, accaFGipg 10 the
recorded plat thereof. -,
Dnted al ithaca this 5tb day of July, 1921.
800 MERIT J, WOODWARD, Ouardian'
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
ATTENTION..

| respectfully solicit share of the
ice cream trade of the citizens Of Alma.
1 have been in the business many years
aud feel competent to please. a spec
atty OF fine moulded ice cream and ices
for parties, etc. All orders satisfac-
Iorily filled and goods promptly deliv.
cred. sol &. M. SCOTT.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20

A. S. Fuller, New jersey, tells that
clubfoot in cabbages only occurs OF coils
wiaeee cabbages have been grown be.
fore or ta.s plants raised in an old hotbed,
and lime viii not prevent it. Plant on
fresh ground, and raise the plants on a
fat where brGsh heap has been recent
ly burned. but if early plants are want
ed, scrape up this burnt soil and use it
in the frames as top dressing. He has
practiced this mode of raising plants
FOR 40 years and never has any clubfoo'.
except when he has occasionally had to
purchase plants.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
NTHE - 49,
sAs'lll.RY Il.
SKINNED AND SEPARATED CREAM.
Different Temperatures Required For the
Successful Churning of Each.

Successful Churning of Each.
The gravity processes of Dreaming
milk give cream that contains from 10
TO 90 per cent of fat, according to the
temperature at which the milk is set,
the time it is allowed to stand before
Swimming, and the amount of SKIM
milk taken off with the cream. 1t Is the
exception to get cream in this way that
contains one-fifth or more butter fat. 1t
is almost impossible to churn thorough
ly, or in some cases TO churn at all,
cream containing only one-tenth to one
fifth butter fat, at so low temperature
as % degrees. This kind of cream must
be churned at 60 degrees
Cream obtained by shallow setting"
of milk is thicker than that from deep
setting' Of the same milk, provided the
milk be left out in skimming. Conse-
quently cream from shallow setting"
can be churned at lower temperature
and more quickly than cream obtained
by "deep setting" of the same milk.
The cream obtained by either Of these
gravity processes of handling milk is ex-
tremely variable in thickness. This is
caused by the lack Of uniformity in the
temperature at which the milk is set and
the manner of Swimming practiced by
the different operators.
One thing can be depended on as al
most universally true Of cream obtained
by gravity processes, and that is that 1t
contains from one-tenth to one-fifth but
ter fat only. Such cream must be churn-
ed at 5S to 90 degrees. Churning at a
lower temperature is nearly impossible
The best separators now made over
come this uncertainty in regard to the
amount of butter fat in the cream. They
can be so regulated that cream Of uni
form thickness may be obtained from
nearly any normal milk. Several estab-
hshments are known to the writer where
cream has been continually churned dur
ing the past year at temperature rang
ing from As to 90 degrees, nearly always
at 80 degrees.
/ am thoroughly convinced that more
exhaustive churning and better butter
would be obtained if so instead of 62
were marked on our dairy thermometers
as the proper temperature of churning.
| have faith to believe also that within
10 and perhaps five years a great ma
jority of the best dairymen will have
adopted 90 degrees as the temperature
at which they want butter to come"
in the churn. The temperature at which
cream breaks into butter is the vital
point If cream be put into a churn at
the desired temperature there should be
no great rising or falling from this de-
gree in the temperature of the room
where the churning is made. The tenn
perature of churning is the temperature
of the buttermilk as soon as the butter
comes, and not the temperature of the
cream when it is put into the churn. -
E. H. harrington in Rural New Yorker.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
Savings.

1t costs mare TO bring COW back 10
full flow Of milk in summer than it
does to keep her up to 1t.
A creamery should not be started IN.
til 800 COWS are guaranteed.
The milk tester and the separator are
important factors in dairying. The
milk tester in the near future will be q
sine qua non in dairying. --Agricola In
New York Examiner.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20
Villa Sc Council.

ALMA. MGR. July 81, 1881.
The Common Council OF the Village Of Alma
I'm session at council rooms on above date.
There were present az roll call, President Ely
md trustees Mont'gel, DClavAn, Glass, Baker
and CaTactt.
Absent MCCULLOUGH
The minutes OF iast meeting read and APP
rOVCd.
on motion the claim of VI PollasIy for rent
4 of ground upon which the old Jail building
TODD was laid on the table until the next regu.
ar meeting.
Claims of J J Trott and A I Young were re
fcred To the committee on engine house re
pairs.
On motion the report OF commit tee on engine
house recommending that the work OF } J
Ctott be flowed al 81 so and A Young al
a. 90 per day vas accepted and adopted.
The fol lowing claims were allowed and CLERK
10 "a
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20

A farm divided into large fields, espc-
cially into long ones, can be cultivated
to best advantage with least loss Of
time in turning at ends with plows and
machines
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1894-07-20

Tho village attorney reports That u LhnCa
ehire oHers 10 pey the village 80 70 settle ~
count for Ore ps5l4.i!on given his properly
west of the eofpoF&I6p line lor the years 1871
1879 and 1893. -. MOI,
accepted And a1Opted' -. ranor, IN
The committee Ga stFeets makes EeRott, ~ ~
the following; That the plafter Ol getho,Etnts
street lamp from north side OF superior etLItl
TO the south side near the Methodist chutsH NC
left where IL IL. ,,o
All root I,.;l -, Lincoln street be not changer.
That in the ;isfiss ~ widening me SIRE, re-,
near the residences OF ia " GSyts that u any
,lirt be needed the street .Oaa lsysp,rsr DC lu'
structed TO take il from there. '''''
I'm regard 10 the village dumping ttOuH1
that the place be renovated and clerntd Up
On motion the report of the committee Wus
adoDie3 a. .he street commissioners INSTRUCTOR
TO place a notice there instructlng persOns
where to dump their uV,isri .,, r,
ON motion clerk was instrGcieS ~ notly y
L. church to build n new walk on Ms pfVpSs.t
atuftjgF ~ tue east side OF NoolyWu o.. 20
street eomsaea Chg % superior street and run
ming south TO tHe ..ty. ooo.,, nd
on motion the potiiioa ~ HsFy Ozark .,.n no
others asking that the Streets 90 ops'le- y ~
Church Addition was laid over Tor TWO Nc.ns
ON motion the petition of Preston Lsue ala and
others asking that the Driving Park sheds anu
fence he removed was laid on the table
On motion council adjourned, y,..,.
T. A. Ely ohih ~ s,is,L
President WV
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-29
Colonel Reeves on Our Health statistics'

TO the Editor OF the Dispatcn;
Referring TO two articles IN your Sum
DAVIS paper, one signed "Medicus." the
other an editorial referring to an article
signed IF. l.. H." on the subject OF
health statistics OF the city, Will you
kindly publish the following?
some months ago the Chamber Of Com
uerce IN communication 10 tho Coun-
eli recommended the employment Of an
expert from abroad 20 ascertain the cause
Of the extreme unhealthfulnesS OF our
city. This communication was referred
hv the Council 70 the Committee on
Health. and was requested by the COM
r,i,,a. 10 prepare an answer | did so,
and IL was approved by the committee,
and alopteI by the Board OF Aldermen,
and By the Council referred 70 the Board
~ Health. where 1t still remains, they
having failed 20 take action on ii. The
first point in this paper was recon-
incubation that no money be appropriated
for the employment OF an expert TO as
certain the cause OF an alleged fact that
all not exist In reality The second fur
nished the proof OF It's nOn-exstence;
The third set forth the proper method Of
k-eping the statistics which. being
strictly true and just, demonstrates the
fact that Richmond is really one OF the
healthiest cities IN he country.
Now. sr, | have not seen ths article OF
"F l.. IA ." but the same reason which In
auenced me 10 oppose the employment OF
an EXPERT would lead me 10 oppose ex-
pending the city's money 10 ascertain
fact already demonstrated by the proper
authorities Of the Council.
Very respectfully. H.. i. REEVE.
Chairman Committee on Health