Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-05-06

| OF the Jews In Arabia prior to the rise
| Of Accommodation. Of the. conversion
| Of many Arabs to the Jewish faith, espe-
ciaily those OF the Himyaritic Kingdom;
| OF the affiliation of the Jews with the
| Bedouins: of the rise of Jewlsh-chazar
state IN Southern Russia; Of che breaking
| OF Mohammed with the Jews. and OF the
!, development Of the Kaballa. The heresies
| associated with the doctrines OF Maimo-
| hides are discussed. as are also the Ka-
| rattle reaction against the Talmudlc
| teachings, and the baneful effects upon
| the Jews OF France and Germany OF the
| crusades.
| In Professor Graetzs account OF the
| Jews In Spain we find the explanation of
| the rapility with which the Mos.ems con-
auered the country. and most compre-
| hensivc insight into the forces that con-
| tributed most to their expulsion. The
Jews were the power behind both these
events. The date Of the first Jewish emil
grafton to the Iberian Peninsula is wrap
| ped In mist. though II is known that
many Jews had settled there before the
downfall OF the Roman republic, and
that thousands OF the victims OF the in
surrections under Vespasan, Titus, and
Hadrlan were transported thither as pris-
oners. That these latter did not long re-
main in slavery Professor Graetz is salts
fed, for says he 1.-The sympathy OF their
free brethren undoubtedly FASTENED TO
ransom them and thus fulfil the most
important part OF the duties prescribed By
Talmudic Judaism TO its adherents."
Christianity had made great progress in
Spain, and until the action Of the Council
O. Illiberis about 300 against the Jews
the most amicable relations existed be-
tween the latter and the Christians. and
intermarriage was frequent THE newly
converted inhabitants OF the country,
says Professor Graetz, who often heard
their apostle preach about Jews and Juda-
ism, had no conception OF the wide gull
dividing Judaism from Christianity, and
as often had the produce Of their fields
blessed by a pious Jew as by their own
clergy" The fruit of the Council Of Hi
beris was stayed in ripening TO the full
by the Nisigothic invasion. So long as
the Vislgoths were Arians the Jews en-
joyed peace and prosperity. They were
accorded complete religious liberty. many
OF them held high public office and those
living at the foot of the Pyrenees were
the most trusted guardians OF the passes
leading from Gaul into Spain, Their mar
tial courage gaining for them great dis
tinction. But with the embracing or or
thodoxy by the Visigothic kings the Jews
were again put Under the ban. the ihde-
pendent mobiles gave them protection as
far as possible. and from time TO time
the restrictive laws against them were
suspended yet their position flnaily Dc
came intolerable. They were forced 10
allure their religion. prohibited lfofn
holding slaves. compelled 10 surrender
their real estate and driven INTO aoso-
lutte isolation. Goaded ~ desperation by
such treatment, they took part IN the re-
volt against King Wanda G72-5Yj. ms
revolt was unsuccessful. but the condi-
ton of the Jews was bettered uhti.~E r-
wig succeeded Wanda, and then perse-
cution again assumed virulent phase,
which eliminated in terrible crueltles al
ter the rebellion of t9i.
AS a. consequence, when the MohamIne-
dan invasion of I'll came, with IL came
also the day Of Jewish retribution. The
Jews of Northwest Africa who had been
driven thither from the 1berian PENN
sula and their prosecuted brethren III
Spain nocked to the standard or 1arlk'
The victorious Arab war was literally
pushed forward by the Jews. city after
CITY was conquerer and left In charge or
the Jews. and when Tarik appeared be-
foro Toledo the Jews threw open the
rates TO him. The second army swarm@i
over from Africa, and the same policy OF
entrusting to the Jews the guardianship
OF the conquered cities was pursued.
Then followed another long season oil
peace, prosperity. enlightenment, develop
ment, and advancement for the Jews OF
Spain. But the ascendency OF the Der
hers changed the conditions. The first
law Of nature forced the Jews to any
themselves with the Castilians. Grenada
fell. and another era OF darkness settled
down over the race.
II would be impossible To follow Pro-
fessor GraotZ in his references 10 the
Jewish scholars, philosophers, poets, ana
statesmen. All through the book IS CYL
dxnce that even under the most UNA
yorable circumstances they kept the laipp1-
of literature and science alight. one OF
the most interesting chapters in the VOL
ume is that which treats Of the 'goiden
age Of Jewish science: Saadiah and Chas-
dia." In opening this chapter, the histo-
rian says:
"With the decay OF the Carlovingian
rule. the last spark OF spiritual life was
extinguished In Christian Europe Inc
darkness Of the Middle Ages became
thicker and thicker, but the spiritual llSht
OF Judaism shone forth in all It's splen-
dor. .. Two men especially one IN
the East, and the other In the west
made science a principle of Judaism.
They were the Gaon Saadiah ana the
statesman Chasdai. With them began
new period OF Jewish history which we
may confidently call the scientific epoch.
The spring-time of Israels history, re-
turned and in its pure atmosphere the
sweet voice of poetry again made itself
heard Contemporary writer's scarcely no
ticed that remnant OF the jewish an
tiouity. the Exilarchate was now at an
| end IL was soon forgotten In the new
life that had just made itself visible. Just
as the religious lh3 had freed Itself from
the temple of sacrifice. so now II Rradu-
ollv withdrew from the temple OF learn
ing on the banks OF the Euphrates. and
established a new centre for itseif. The
FIRST half OF the tenth century became
through n concurrence of favorable cir
cumstances turning-point in the progress
| of Jewish history"
| Whatever may be the controversial
drifts of Professor Graetzs work, 1t must
he recognized as contribution to history
that will live and become standard as
a reference Every page Of each Of the
| volumes so far published calls for
thoughtful reading, and commends Itself
| to the scholar.
| LECTURES on NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
| IN DISEASE OR. SELF-POISONING
OF THE INDIVIDUAL. BY Oh. Bou-
chard, Professor OF Pathology and The
rapeutics, Member of the Academy OF
Medicine. and Physician TO the Hos
| pitfalls, Paris. Translated, with
| Preface, by Thomas Oliver. NJ. A., NJ.
| D., +. r. c. p. Professor OF Physiology,
| University OF Durham; Physician to the
| Royal Inhrmary, -upon-Tyne;
4 and Examiner In Physiology. Con-
| Joint Board OF England. In one Oc-
| tovo volume; 300 pages. Extra Cloth.
| H75 net. Philadelphia: The +. A.
| Davis Company, Publishers, 1914 and
1916 Cherry street.
| Whoever gets we'll into the drift Of
| current medical teaching and permits
| himself to be INCREASINGLY swayed by it
| will be obliged to lament that he has
| fallen on evil days. He finds that he Is
| beset within and without by hideous
things, which rambe around everywhere,
| under such outlandish names as microbes.
| Bacteria, bacli. micrococci, and spirllla.
| and In multitudes which no mathemati
clan can number These dreadful entities.
| he Is assured, ply in the air he breathes.