Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1894-07-15

in the queries, ID very broad one
The phases of Anarchy considered In As
ISOLATION with other forms OF revolution
which have developed q tendency to "a
campaign OF force /" are protean. This Is
particularly true with reference to the
connection between Anarchy and Social
ism-using the latter term In Its lati'
tudinous sense.
OF Anarchy pure and simple. however
of Anarchism as q distinct and separate
creed-Pierre Joseph Proudhon. a French
political writer, was the father. lie was
born In 1850. and died In 1865. Bit the
great apostle OF his system. and the man
who did the most TO propagate II ana
develop II into a living terrorizins force'
was Michael Bakunin. Russian aristo-
crat. The system, as developed under
him. has been described as revolutionary
Socialism. based on materlalism, and AIM
ing at destruction OF external authority
by every available means IL reJec's I'll
ideal systems in name and shape from
the idea o.. God downward. and repudiates
every form OF external control. whether
emanating from the will Of sovereign OF
from universal suffrage. The doctrine OF
Bakunin is the doctrine in vogue In
Spain. Italy, France, and French Swltzer-
land. where the spirit Of Anarchy is
most pervaslve In these countries the
dividing line between Anarchy and So
cialism is for the most part shadowy IN
the extreme, and the Anarchist appears
to seek to destroy simply for the sake OF
destruction. He offers nothing as re-
suit Of his triumph except Individual
license, confusion. chaos, thus diHerins
from the Russian Nihilist who advocates
destruction for the purpose OF recon-
struction. The Italian assassin OF Presi-
dent Carnot was the legitimate, though
monstrous product OF the school OF Baku-
min.
The Germans are not particularly
addicted to Anarchism, and should not De
Judged in respect of this matter by the
sporadic Anarchists the nation has pro-
duced Germany is a stronghold OF DO
cialism, but there is Socialism, and social
ism, and economic writers differ widely as
to the meaning they attach to the word
Whether, however. We follow the system
of Saint Simon Fourier, owen, Ludlow'
Karl Marx. or any other OF the numerous
Socialist leaders and writers we ind one
common principle. and that Is the Ter
mination of the divorce of the workers
from the natural sources OF subsistence
and culture"
German Socialism, least OF all the So
cialistic systems on the continent OF Eu-
rome. should be identified with the modern
revolutionary spirit, which sympathzes
with Anarchy and dynamite. The most
powerful exponent Of German SOCIALISM,
is Karl Marx. His theory is most eiabo-
rate as TO his process of attainment, but
the central idea is economic revolution
brought about in accordance Win the
natural laws of historic evolution. Inc
effort to reduce the system TO practical
operation discovers Itself more inteiiisi-
bly than anywhere else in the platform
of the Geneva international Congress.
which was written by Marx. and In the
demands Of the Gotha congress. as modi-
fed by those of the Erfurt convention.
These demands embrace. among Others
universal suffrage without regard to sex.
direct legislation by the people, stand
ing army Of the people. abolition OF chld
labor, free education, free books, free
medical attendance and medicine. arbitra-
ton of international disputes. etc. All
this. however. is to be attained by lawful
means. in order TO the ultimate estab-
lishment of a free State and socialistic
society
After the Gotha congress Marx Socialism
had decided influence upon German
legislation, until the attempts OF Hodei
and Modelling upon the life OF the En-
peror enabled the government to carry
through the Reichstag repressive mea-
sures. Hodel confessed that he was an
Anarchical Socialist, but Modelling never
gave any explanation Of his crime. In
the last few years there has been de-
cided revival In Germany Of the influence
Of the system.
Russia is another stronghold OF Social
ism, and while the doctrine OF Bakunin
has had some influence upon Russian
Nihilism, so also have the theories OF
Marx and Mil, which have no connection
with Anarchy. Broadly speaking, the
Nihilists are divided into two sections
the one believes In terrorism, brougLa
about through assassination, dynamite
and anarchy; the other only resorts to
assassination to punish traitors 10 It's own
party. AS stated above, however. all
Nihihsm aims at destruction OF the
present order of things for the purpose
of reconstruction, though there Is great
difference OF opinion as to what the re-
constructed fabric should be. Many of
the Russian Nihilists claim that they
would be satisfied with constitution.
To summarize in a general way, An
archism may be said to bear the same
relation to Socialism that French Com
munism bears to the communism Of Plato
and More. All Socialism Is antagonlstic
TO the institution of private property,
and in that view is an evolution Of
Utopian Communism. Anarchism and
modern French Communism are the
vicious refuse OF the two systems, repre-
scented In individuals or groups of men
who engage in wanton murder, destruc-
ton. and war upon society In order to
induce conditions under which they can
indulge in unbridled license. The acts OF
violence committed during the western
strike afford & practical illustration Of
the doctrine Of Anarchy and to what 1t
tends. At the same time, in justice to
the labor unions. it should be borne In
mind that the men who committed these
acts-the plunderers, wreckers. and
rioters-were not the true wage-workers.
The American labor unions repudiate the
Anarchists as emphatically as The Hague
international repudated Bakunin and
his followers.
The Sleeping-Car Bill.
Mr.. Davis, of Minnesota, Republican,
introduced into the Senate on Friday last