davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Thfrty-One Coneressmen.

NEW YORK. Nov THE following is
the New York delegation elected to Con-
gress to-day: sl4s-ss
First District-McCormick.R Rep. iis'
Second-Hurley. Rep.
Third-Wilson, Rep
Fourth-Fisher Rep.
Fifth-Bennett Rep
Sixth-Howell Rep.
Seventh-Ford Rep.
Eighth-Walsh. Dem.
Ninth-Miner Dem.
Tenth-Campbeil. Rep.
Eleventh-E.rdman, Rep.
Tweifth-McC1elland, Dem.
Thirteenth-Shannon Rep.
Fourteenth-Quigg. Rep.
Fifteenth-Low. Rep.
Sixteenth-Fairchid, Rep.
Dell, Rep.
Observation-Disclosures. Rep.
Observation-Disclosures, Rep.
Twentieth-Southwick, Rep.
Twenty-first-Wilbur, Rep.
Twenty-second-Curtis Rep.
Twenty-third-Foote Rep.
ty-fourth-Chickering Rep.
Twenty-ffth-Sherman, Rep.
Twenty-sixth-Ray. Rep.
Twenty-seyenth-Poole, Rep.
wenty-eighIh-Payne, Rep.
Observation-Disclosures, Rep.
Thirtfeth-Wadsworth. Rep.
Observation-Disclosures, Rep.
rty-second-Mahoney. Rep.
irty-third-Daniels Rep.
irty-fourth-Hooker, Rep.
Republicans, 81; Democrats. 3. The last
delegation stood: Democrats. 10; Repub-
Hcans. Is.
Senator Hill Votes.
ALBANY. n. Y, Nov. ga very wet at
uosphere and n murky sky greeted the
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
HnmiIton County's Vote.

CINCINNATI, o., Nov. 6.-The vote of
Hamilton county shows a plurality for
Taylor. Republican. Secretary of State, of
about 10000 Republican gain over Nc
Kinley of 10000. In the First district
Charles p. Taft Republican, is elected
by 5000. In the Second district ]. Fl. Brom-
well, Republican, is elected by 15,OOO
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
-Four Republfcnns Elected.

LOUISVILLE, Nov 6.-At IL o'clock the
indications are that the Democrats have
elected the following congressman: Hend-
rick in First. Clardy Second. Montgomery
Fourth, Berry Sixth. McCreary Eighth,
Hart Tenth, Stone Eleventh. The Repub-
licans have elected Hunter in the Third,
Evans in the Fifth, Denny in the Seventh
and Pugh in the Ninth. The Commercial
claims the election of Judge Denny, Re-
publican, over w. c. Owens, Democrat,
in the Seventh district by 1,0O0 majority.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
DIR. Parkbur.t PIeu~ea.

NEW YORK, Nov. Cdr. Parkhurst said
tonight: We've won. This great victory
shows the people have their eyes open at
last. 1t is evident that the public conscience
has at last been awakened. We've got all
these people that the reform movement has
been lighting just where they had u.s.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07

from various sections OF the State the fndi-
cations are the contest for Governor Is very
close, with the chances slightly in favor OF
Budd. Dem. With the exception OF Gov
ernor the Republicans seem 10 be .eading
on the State ticket and will probably have
a majority in the Legislature Estee Is not
getting as large a vote in the country dis
tricts as was expected. while Budd Is DO
ing well in San Francisco and estimates
OF his plurality in this city run az high as
IN OoO
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Owen. Defeat Conceded.

LOUISVILLE, KY, Nov. 6-Lexington
dispatch to the Commercial says the Owen
managers concede the defeat Of Owens and
place the majority at about 600. The air is
blue at Owenss headquarters with shouts
of vengeance against the Breckenridge men,
and they swear that nc Breckenridge man
shall be elected to office until Owens is sent
To CONGRESS.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
MASSACHUSETTS.
Governor Greenhalge and Eleven
COngressmen Elected.

SPRINGFIELD, Mass, Nov. 6.-From the
returns received up to IL o'clock the in
dications are that Massachusetts has given
Greenhalge a majority of $500. a gain of
1000 over last year. The probabilities are
that eleven out OF the thirteen Congressman
Will be elected. and that the lower House
will easily have a Republican majority
Massachusetts, is likely TO have a solid Re-
publican delegation in Congress.
A disoatch from Boston says: The story
of the Massachusetts, election can be briefly
told. Gov. Greenhalge is reelected by a ma
jority of more than 10000 According to
the latest returns twelve out of the thir-
teen Congressman are Republicans. The
State Legislature is Republican in both
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
CONNECTICUT.
Notable Victory for Republicans I'm
the Nutmeg State.

NEW HAVEN. Conn. Nov 6.-Returns.
as far as obtainable from all parts or the
State at midnight. indicate that Connecti-
cut has experienced great Republican
landslide. This city has gone Republican.
Piggott the Democratic candidate for Con-
gress who had a majority OF over 5000 last
year, is defeated probably by Loco major
ity by n. d. Sperry- Coffin, the Republic
same majority. The town elects two Re-
publican Representatives TO the Legislature
and the senatorial districts elect Repuo-
lican.
Later-The congressional delegation from
Connecticut, elected to-day, is made up as
Vernon: Second, N d. Sperry, OF New
Haven; Third. Charles A. Russell, OF Kill
J. Hin. of Norwalk. all Republicans.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Ashland District Race Close.

LEXINGTON, KY, Nov. 6.-The returns
in the Ashland district. up to midnight,
show that Judge George Denny, jr., Is
elected over w. c. Owens by from 100 to
200 majority Owens men think Denny Is
the winner The official count will have to
be made before any bets are paid, as the
contest Is very close.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Lxnched by White Cap..

MORGANFIELD. KY. Nov 6.-News
reached this city. tonight, OF the lynching,
near Blackford. Crittenden county. by
White Caps, of Gobe NoIla and his son.
Ulysses. They were charged with burning
houses. together with Berry Rich. who was
lynched last week. and also for other
crimes.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Benten by 1000.

PITTSBURG, Nov. III a. m.-Specials
to the Dispatch from Grafton. w. Va. in
dicate the election of Dayton over Wilson
by 1000 majority. Five precincts out of u
in Mononsahola county gives Dayton 6s4
Wilson, COL Randolph county, which for
merry was Democratic by 797. gives Wilson
less than 650 Five precincts in Preston
county give Dayton l56 majority. The Re-
pubicans claim Taylor county by 45o ma
jofity The indications now are that the
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Tom johnson Beaten.

CLEVELAND, o., Nov. 6-Burton, Rep,
will have 500 plurality over Johnson. DEM.
for Congress. Two years ago Johnson car
ried the same district by $500 Cuyahoga
county will give between 5000 and 10000
plurality for the head OF the Republican
State ticket
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
"a Genuine LandsIide.v ~

ST. JOSEPH, Mo-, Nov. 6.-The Demo-
Gratis Of st. Joseph and the Fourth con-
gressional district experienced a genuine
landslide The entire Republican ticket was
elected. George c. Crowther, Republican
candidate for Congress In the Fourth con-
gressional district. is elected by about go
plurality.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
: AND TENNESSEE, TOO.

Republicans May Elect Their Gov
ernOr by "a Small Vote.
NASHVILLE Tenn, Nov. 6.-Indications
at II o'clock are that Brown, Rep, has de-
feated Snodgrass. Dem, for Congress in
the Third district, Hamilton county and
Chattanooga having given Grown an un-
expectedly large majority. At Democratic
headquarters it is admitted that the race
for Governor in this State is unpleasantly
close for Turney Democrat.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
GREAT SCOTT.
Michigan 10000 Republican and All
Cougressmen Elected.

DETROIT. Mich. Nov. 6.-Michigan has
gone Republican by about $4,000 plurality.
The Republican State central committee
claim it will exceed that figure. while Sec
retary Hosford, OF the Democratic COM
mittee comedies the Republican plurality
to be 50eo0. The Republicans have also
elected every one of the twelve Congress
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
At Kansns CITY.

KANSAS CITY, Nov 6.-At midnight the
Republicans and Democrats have equally
fair grounds for their. claims of victory.
the precincts, and the vote is remarkably
close. In the Fifth congressional district
John c. Tarsney, Democrat, is probably
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Rhode Island.

PROVIDENCE, r. l., Nov. 6.-Up to this
hour uf D. m) complete returns have not
been received from either of the congress
sional districts in Rhode Island, but the
figures at hand leave no more doubt OF the
success of Bull Rep. over Lapham. Dem.
in the First district, and Arnold, Rep, over
receipt of returns from various towns Is
much hampered by the prostration OF the
wires on account OF last nights storm.
fu, ALI the returns received have the Re-
publican trend, indicated in the dispatches
from other States.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Hits Plurality 1000.

ROCKFORD. ILL.,. Nov 6-Robert r. Hit,
Rep, is reelected in the Ninth Illinois dis
trict by estimated plurality of 1000.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
HILL AND FLowER.
The "Boss Snapper and the "Bar'l'
Guve It Up EarIy.

ALBANY. n. Y. Nov. GA notable gath
ering OF politicians sat in the executive
chamber tonight and read the election re-
turns. Senator Hill arrived at o'clock.
He was the first to come. Colonel Williams,
fhe Governors private secretary, came
next. Already. a batch Of bulletins were on
Senator HIS desk New York county had
been sending In returns since 8 o'clock and
they were not of a favorable nature. At
30 all hope Of saving the State was given
Up by those who had thus far arrived. 1t
was even feared that New York city might
go Republican and il was conceded that
Hill would not carry the city but by few
thousand votes. Governor Flower arrived
at the executive chamber at 7:s5 He was
shown the dispatches and at once gave up
all hope of saving the State with the aid
OF New York city. He said that ii seemed
as IL a great tidal wave had struck the
metropolis. He did not know but that Ii
had been brought about by the police in
vestigation. He said that he felt that the
wave was coming when he was in New
York this morning He had hopes that the
Kill All the time Senator Hill said not
word, but read the returns and consulted a
manual containing the votes OF former
years. AS the county returns from up the
State arrived, he shook his head and said:
''Well. they did pretty well by me-" To the
consoling remarks Of friends he made no
reply, except to smile.
senator Hill tonight refused 10 say any
thing on the result of the election for pub
lication- but will give out a statement to-
morrow.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
what Giiroy and Grant Said.

NEW YORK. Nov 6.-At s o'clock to-
night Mayor Gilroy said: THE returns are
more eloquent than anything 1 can say"
When he was told of the probable defeat
OF Wilson in West Virginia, he remarked:
THAT is good"
Ex-MayOr Grant issued the following
statement: I've concede the loss of the
State and ackno wledge our defeat in the
city"
Mr.. Grant, at SIS. entered the room at
police headquarters, where Mr.. Strong was
receiving the returns and congratulated
him on his acknowledged victory. Mr..
Strong thanked him.
Ex-Mayor Grant tonight made the fol-
lowing statement: "I am defeated. On the
retirement of Mr.. Straus i thought it my
DUTY TO the Democratic party TO accept
its nomination for Mayor Of this city.
made my canvass on Democratic issues
and have gone down with my party. The
principles OF the party are essential to the
life of the Republic. Victories will be won
in the future as they have in the past 1t
is the duty OF all Democrats TO present a
solid front 10 the common enemy. Demo-
Gratis never work as well together as in the
hour of defeat. All differences will be laid
aside and the Democratic vote of this city
will be preserved the cornerstone of
Democracy for the presidential contest Of
1SqS %
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07

BOISE. Ida. Nov. 6.-The election passed
off quietly in this State. so far as heard.
Coufinuod nm Gexoufh pnne
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
senntor Hill Vote

ALBANY, n. Y. Nov GA very wet at
mosphere and murky sky greeted the
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07

Republican counties will show up big gains.
but the Democrats are still confident.
The Indianapolis journal., 1894-11-07
Cu,her.ou EIected An Texas.

DALLAS. Tex, Nov. 6.-The election
passed off quietly and less than 5000 votes
were polled out OF registration of e,75s.
Only about an eighth of the vote was
counted at midnight. 1t indicates a major
ity of about 1.50o for Culberson for Gov
ernor and nearly the same for Keariey.
Pop. for Congress.
The election OF Culberson, Dem, for Gov
ernor Is conceded by a plurality ranging
from 10000 to s0.0o0. The Democrats claim
a soldid congressional delegation, put the
election of Crowley. I'm the Tenth district.
Grain In the Eleventh. and Houston In the
Twelfth is in doubt. The Democrats elect
both branches OF the Legislature.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
FORGED THE CONSUL'S NAME.
Young Tcgcda Wanted Money to
Pay His Board.

Louis Tegeda. nineteen years old. was
taken before Judge Fitzgerald in Part
J.. OF the General Sessions to-day. for
sentence on an indictment charging him
with forgery In the second degree. Upon
the request of his counsel, Stephen Bald
win, jr.. the matter was adjourned for
one week.
Mr.. Baldwin brought out n number OF
facts that so impressed the Judge that In
all probability sentence Will be sus-
pended.
Tegeda Is the son of wealthy Venezue-
Ian people. He was sent to Columbia
College. in Washington, ID. c.. to study
medicine. He recently anne to this city
and obtained employment with Lopez.
the photographer.
He took up his residence at the board
i%ng-house of Il. s. SAM. at 80 West Fiji
teenth street. Mr.. SanZ demanded his
board in advance. and young Tcgeda
went to the Office Of Saldivia III. Rivero,
ex-Consul to Venezuela. to get the
money, but found that he had left this
CITY about two months ago.
From there he went to the First Ma
tional Bank, took n blank check and
filed 1t out for 500. signing Consul
Rlvero's name. This he gave to Mr..
SAM. n requested him to indorse II.
Tegeda did so and was Immediately
handed over to the police. Mr.. SAM
having learned that 1t was Il forgery.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
HIS BAG OF MONEY STOLEN.
Muhlhofer Robbed
When He Turned His Back.

James Mason, flfty-seven years old. OF
12l East One Hundred and Sixth street,
and VIM. Smith. twenty-five years old.
Of 1876 West Fifteenth street, were pris-
oners I'm the Essex Market Police Court
this morning.
Shortly after IL A. NJ. the men entered
George Muhlhofer's saloon at 203 Chrys-
tie street. They began n conversation
with the saloon-keeper and had several
rounds OF drinks.
Muhlhofer counted the receipts of the
hind the bar. Smith then called for an
other round OF drinks. md while Muhl-
hofer was drawing the beer from the
keg, Smith lifted the canvas bag from
behind the bar with his umbrella and
placed 1t IN his overcoat pocket.
at 1872 East Houston street. saw Smith
steal the bag OF money. The colored
man believed that the men were friends
OF Muhlhofer and took the bag for a
After drinking the beer the men has
informed the saloon-keeper what he lac
seen.
The men entered a saloon Mt the corner
Of stanton street and the Bowery. closely
followed by the colored man, who sum-
moned Policemen Nell and Harris, OF
the Eldridge street station.
The two men were arrested. On Smith
was found the bag Of money. 1t con-
tained Sl37. 25.
Policeman Nell took the men to Police
Headquarters this morning to have their
pictures added to the Rogues' Gallery.
Both declined to make any statement
further than that they were intoxicated
at the time. .
Justice Koch held them in default OF
81 900 ball each for examination.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
FIVE SAILORS WERE LOST.
And with Them Probably a Ferry
man, Of Baltimore.
Three Men Saved by Heroic Efforts
Of a Police Boat Crow.
fpy Associated Presa)

BALTIMORE, Jan. l2.-This mornings
gale, which brought sunshine In It's wake,
cost certainly nve. and probably six, lives.
and gave the crew of the police boat
Lannan a chance to make one of the
more harbor.
While the whitecaps were running so
high tina, the gallant little steamer could
hardly breast them. a signal OF distress
was heard. and the search-light revealed
three men struggling In the freezing
waters. They were all who were left of
n party Of eight sailors. who accom-
panied by a ferryman, left the foot OF
broadway about midnight to cross over
to Locust Point.
Their boat was swamped before they
sailors and. It is supposed, the ferry;
man. sank before the Lannan could
The other three were taken to the
City, Hospital. Unless pneumonia sets
At the time of rescue the three men
in the water grabbed hold Of the Lam
mans small boat, which had put out to
1t took water and was finally swamped.
Then the Lannan's crew did the most
noble work. Without a moments hesita-
tlon they caught the exhausted
heads above the water until the arrival
of a small BOA manned by six Of the
crew of the steamship Mareca, which
rescued all.
Finlayson, William H. Nelson. Robert
j. Wilson. John Hughes. Peter Safranski
and a sailor whose name has not been
learned. Nearly all the drowned men
crew OF the Mareca, and had been on
shore leave.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
HE SWINDLED POOR GIRLS.
Kiss Took Money for Portraits and
Never Delivered Them.

Frank Kiss. thirty-ive years old. OF
307 Rivington street, was held In 500 bail
for examination at jefferson Market Po-
lice Court, to-day, on a charge Of swim
ding.
Kiss has been conductor OF the Metro
politan Art and Photo studio. at IA
Broadway. and taking orders for pictures
In crayon. which : never delivered.
He has been collecting money right and
left. 1t is alleged. chiefly from ignorant
servant girls.
The complainant was Antonio Jentka,
81 Park avenue, who CAV Kiss 33l 80
for crayon work to be done. Late in
December Antonio went to KISS studio,
on broadway, but found that he had
been succeeded by Smedley g. White, OF
Twelfth street and Fourth avenue, who
are said to have a lengthy list of KISS
victims.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
PLAYED POLICEMAN.
Az Such Jacob Kirchof Worked
Worthless Checks,
Had Billy, Nippers and a BIuecoat's
Trousers.
Hotel-K Keeper Hicks Spoiled His
Little Game.

Central Ofice Detectives McGuinness
and Bonnoil arraigned Jacob kirchon
in Jefferson Market Court this morning
on a charge Of forgery and impersonat
ing an officer. Kirchoff Is a big six-foot
er, and looked older than his avowed
age. t~wenty-one.
Kirchoff once worked for a burglar
alarm company, and in that way accu.
INFLATED a choice collection of billies.
nippers, revolvers and other pollcemen's
bric-a-brac, which he is alleged to rave
been using lately to his own advan-
tage.
Dec. 0 las. It Is alleged, Kirchoff passed
o worthless check. purporting to have
been issued by David NJ. Torrey. banker,
OF los Nassau street. on Callahan &
Kemp. wholesale grocers, at Al Vesey
street. Kirchoff said he was an Off
GER Of the police force.
Kirchoff is said 20 have worked other
people In the same way, but he over
stepped his line of prudence when he
buncoed Alexander Hicks, colored. the
proprietor Of the Bantam Restaurant
street. He had been living a week
with Hicks, and on Jan 6 he went into
the restaurant wearing a pair of police
AtcH , tTOuEtTS, WIFI IL White stripe
down the side.
He mentioned the fact that he was a
policeman. Hicks replied that he had
never heard of It before.
Kirchoff said he had been detailed at
the Eldridge, Charles and Madison street
stations. He showed n billy and nippers.
and asked to be allowed to change his
trousers. He did so and left the trousers
with Hicks.
He also left a bad check for S45 on the
Chemical Bank and signed by Thomas
Smith," as was the former check.
Hicks took the check to Kinks whole
sale liquor house at Twenty-seventh
street n Broadway, where II was
cashed. He gave Klrchoff $40 and found
out next day that the check was worth
less.
Hicks took the trousers. together with
q report of the swindle. to Police Head
quarters. Detectives McGuinness and
Bonnoil were put on the case, and ar
rested Kirchoff last night in Dey street.
y. Kirchoff vas held for trial in 81, O00
bail on the combined charges.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
"COL." POTTER GETS SIX YEARS.
lie Swindled Many Firms by Means
OF Forged Checks.

"Col." Henry Potter. alias Harvey
Brewer. alias Henry Dewitt. alias Jo-
seph Potter, who was arrested in the
Academy OF Music on Dec. 26 last. on n
men In this city by means OF forged
checks, was sentenced to six years and
eleven months in State prison by Re-
corder Smyth. in Part III. of the Cen
eral Sessions, to-day.
He pleaded guilty to forgery in the
second degree on Wednesday. Com
plants are lodged against him by the
OF about $3.50.
Potter wears n G.. A. r. uniform. He
is an old offender. having served one
year in the Kings County Pe%nitentiary
and two terms Of one year each on Black
wells Island for swindling.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
ANOTHERCHEAP RESTAURANT
Poor People Near Monroe and
Market Streets to He Cared For.

Market Streets to he Cared For.
At a meeting held in the parlors Of
the Tenement House Chapter of the
Kings Daughters, II Madison street,
last evening, to form a District Commit
tee to open u Peoples Restaurant In
that section, this committee was or
gained:
Rev. John ]. Kean, OF St. James's
Church: Rev. Alexander F.. Irvine Of
the Church of the Sea and Land; Rev.
Thomas Galligan,. assistant pastor OF
st. James's Church; William Brett and
John Cotter, of the st. Vincent De Paul
Society: w. S. Kellogg, of Broome street
Tabernacle: Miss c.. A.. Waterbury and
Mrs. l.. S. Houghton. Of the Kings
Daughters; Miss NJ. A. Delany,. OF the
Catharine Mission. Rev. William l..
Dunnell, D. p; Of All Saints Church;
Temple: william r.. Barnard, OF the
Five Points House Of Industry, and
others.
Rev. Mr.. Kean was elected President,
and Mr.. Irvine Secretary. An executive
Committee was named, n 1t was
determined to Immediately. open q Peo-
pies Restaurant in the vicinity OF Mar
ket and Monroe streets.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
Wire News in Brief.

Tho strike OF freight conductors and trsinmen
on the North Carolina and ST. Louis Railroad was
settled last evening at Nashville.
Fire damaged the Southern Hotel building. At
Chattanooga. Tenn, last night to the extent Of
$50. 900.
W. T. Jempp shot and killed himself at st.
Louis yesterday.
Joseph A. Mack, arrested In Cleveland, Ia
wanted at Kansas city for embezzlement OF $40, 400
from the American National Bank.
A passenger train on the Pittsburg, ShenanEo
and Lake Erie Railway was ditched Mt Watson
Run. Pa, last night. Engineer II. j. UnEer,
Fireman George Porter and Brakeman II. p.
Trace were probably fatally injured.
Michael flanagan and William Gale are under
arrest In Williamsport, Pa, on the suspicion
that they were concerned in the murder of Stunt
Haldsman. OF the Franklin Mines. on Dec. IS.
Gov. Pnttison, Of Pennsylvania, has commuted
to imprisonment for life the death sentence of
Joseph Zappe, OF Allegheny. and granted a full
pardon to James J. Mccarthy. OF Lackawanna
County.
The evening world., 1894-01-12
GREAT FIRE SALE
VOCEL'S CLOTHING HOUSE,
49th ST. & Sd Ave.,
NOW CoINc ON.
STOCK OF MEMS AND BOYS,
and Well Made Clothing,
SLIGHTLY DAMAGED BY water,
AT MOST
extraordinary Low PRICES. J
49th ST. & Sd Ave.
OPEN EVENINGS UNTIL 9. 4

simply want work in order to earn a
livelihood for themselves and their fam
lilies.
A great labor parade will take place
under the auspices of the Central Labor
Union, which has decided to present
the Council a petition asking them to
appoint a special committee to investi-
gate the conditions and needs of the
unemployed.
II will be glad to receive the commit
lee of workingmen," said Mayor Hop
kins last night. but I do not approve of
this idea of a labor demonstration in the
streets. The thor%oughfares must not be
blocked. There must be no ~disorderly
demonstration. If there Is. something
will happen which they do not look for.
II am aware of the deplorable condi-
ION of the unemployed, and am trying
to do everything within my power to
push public improvements. so that they
may be given something to do in order
t. earn a livelihood"