The herald., 1893-10-01

ception OF Ropertson's and Prescott's,
ana those many years ago. Dissertations
on Peru, it's ancient civilization, his.
torical and archaeological. l have read
few, and have endeavored in my poor
way, and with very limited means, to
keep In touch with scientific investiga-
ton in Peru as elsewhere.
Mr.. Lummie seems to think that to
the pride and jealousy of England-to
which he pays his respects in the usual
way-is due the mistaken notion that
the Spanish adventurers were not a
combination of the dove and the lamb.
AS he has kindly pointed out profit
able course of study for me, | will do as
much for him and recommend him to
read the Brevisima Relacion de la De-
struycion do lac Indias." He will there
find scathing arraignment of the
/ Spaniards tor their cruel determination
of the aborigines, by one of their own
coHntrymen, q noble Spaniard who de-
voted his life to the attempt to succor
the victims of their oppression.
To return to matter more worthy OF
serious consideration "His three and
half column TRADE, meant for my per-
sonal head, hits only modern science
whose light evidently has not reached
him-and his able [sic] satire succeeds
only in revealing the fact that he knows
nothing of what has been proved by
science and is now accepted by all
scholars"
In humble reverence for science I will
yield to no man. Though never des-
tined to paes the peristyle of its temple,
my worship 10 no less fervid than is that
OF its devotees who are privileged to
enter its sanctum but am not obliged
to listen to every eelf-constituted ex-
FOUNDER who believes himself destined
to explain it's principles.
The twin sciences of anthropology
and archaeology have done much during
the last generation in teaching us how
communities were fret built up. Its re-
searches have established that all COM
munities, in whatsoever part OF the
world, passed, in their evolution TO civil
lization, through the tribal stage, the
stage from which the Peruvians had al
ready emerged when the Spaniards first
encountered them. This fact Mr.. Lum-
mic denied, and still denies, for in this
notice we read: 1T was purely Indian,
OF the same complex but uncivilized sort
which belonged to all Indian tribes Of
the new world, and survives today
among our own aborigines;" and he is
kind enough to add, THAT belongs to
the primitive grade Of study to which
Mr.. Johnston should betake himself"
Perhaps, however, as l have already
''betaken" myself to the study of the
guiding lights of ethnology, from Her
therefrom much pleasure and perhaps
| hn no aI,n
dant.
Now, when Mr.. Lnmmis says that
''my TRADE hits only modern SCIENCE"
it appears to me that he makes use of
what lie is pleased to term "Joilnstonian
twistings" himeelf, for he aifects to be-
lieve that tbs sole object OF my criti-
ciem was to show that he knew nothing
about the civilization of the Incas. II
that had been my object my article
would never have been written. OF that
fact every candid reader of my paper
must admit. What was the situation
Mr.. -Lunmis had put himself on record
as an apologistof Pizarro, popularly be-
lieved to have been one of the most
blood-thirsty wrotches that ever encum-
bereA the earth. On this l took iseue
and as q preliminary, l gave half o
column to an attempt prove that Mr..
Lummis did not know as much about
the Incas So he thought he did, and in
this attempt believe was entirely
succ esRful. AS an Offset to his state
ments, gave those of Mr.. Markham be-
cause he objected to the testimony Of
"romancers" who had never visited
Peru. Mr.. Markham had, and his evil
deDce, as far es it went, / believed, and
still believe, worthy of all credenee. He
saw what he described, and honestly re-
ported what he saw. II | am not mis-
informed, Mr.. Lummis had never been
there when he wrote his series of al ticles
in the Times, he taking the somewhat
unusual course Of writing his impress
sions first, and Visiting the place alter
wards.
Mr.. Lummis seems to infer, though
he nowhere expressly states, that In
dian tribal communities are something
essentially different from those of other
races of mankind. This ia not the case,
as scientific research has plainly ehown.
All races in their tribal stage resemble
each other-ancient and modern--Sem-
itic, Turanian, Dravidian, African or our
own Aryan forefathers. As Mr.. Lummis
remarks, with reference to national NOR
ality, they ARE tarred with the same
stick" Their traditions and ceremon-
les are so like that they might have been
the result of the teachings of the same
master mind.
Rome, in the days of the early kings,
was an antstype OF the Peruvian empire.
1t was formed by the aggregation OF diff
ferent tribes-the Latini, the Sabines,
the Titles and Etruscans, which latter
for time dominated the whole, just as
the Incas did in Peru. The resem olance
is striking, vet who would venture to
compare Rome, in the days of Tarquin
the Superb, to the ''Indian tribes OF the
new world, as they survive today among
our own aborigines."
Our own English hancestors-Mr. Lum-
anything English in his-were in the
same tribal sage before the establish
ment of the Heptarchy.
Already his visit has produced re-
suit, for in his present paper he admits
that there is wonderful stone work
here, but nothing which can be called
architecture in our sense, fine distinc-
ton, but one necessary from his stand
point. Ii Mr.. Lummis should ever be
fortunate enough to visit Persia, he will
see similar wonderful stone work"
there.
But there was no necessity to bring
outside evidence to fconfute Mr.. Lum-
miss statement; they contained within
themselves their own refuCation. My
article was three and half columns
long, as Mr.. Lummis states, yet lesa
than column was given to the testi-
mODy of Mr.. Markham, and nearly all