The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-05-28

ratainad syarvthi,o which they did not dele.
goto NJ, prvco nronorly begins his account
"a Amo.,..n no,,,ico, ,nstituttons By describe
To- 49, .ha TadoroI Government. but the
sta,es va oh.erve that. after referring 70
az ,ovnsh,n opd county systcm which pre-
,.,,. oyor eli tho Markham and Middle States,
NJ pryco "a oareful 10 note the absence OF the
toynsbin nnit 4, noatly all of the former slave
statas Attantion ia also drawn TO tho
nnitm,,.a nowsr Of every state over the
taxn,ion M nersons and property with
~ a.. 40, Aftor sen,ctipp tho breadth
.,a ,,,ia,y y, tho mowers retained by
tha s,otes and tho relatively narrow range OF
those yosted in the Federal Government, 1t Is
nointed ont thnt here nre a few subjects. 10
c,uding bantruntcy. which may be dealt with
eltber Inv Federal or state legislation. With
tho consent OF the Federal Legislature. a State
might eycn impose duties on imports or ex-
norts. md keen ships OF war In time OF peace.
Tho ~copital noint ia nlso brought out that.
vhereyer n doubt exists as to which authority
nossesscs n particular power. tho legal pre-
Ammunition IA in favor OF its being possessed by
the states. because .ne r'S.haI Wv, ,,hs
~ VI '"on 49, ayar chair c;tizens."
W. NJ ,s,a. 49,. - ,ast the election Of
San.ta,s a,ran,iv In Tho naonIa OF each State
wn,,,a $50 s,v ho , bo,tsr mothod than the
sras.nt thnrsh -, conrao. be docs not mako
a., nIs,,tno a. iuocinin, that the equality OF
ronroaontotion in thn senate could ever DO an
liz hnaonstitutionai amcndmont. With re-
hu u..e az oa.snn,ion which has. at times,
$500 ~ ,arta,n Amor;can municipalities.
Ar. pu.,. ,.n.,on. Enrone,n ~visitors not to
anar.stim,to tbaee blomishes in the demo-
s.s,,. insti,rt;,rs a, tho Ifnited States. They
-. ~. taI. ,hnm roto necessary incident to
samn.-ot,c in.titu,lons. Int largely duo to
cousos which mnv proye transitory. and thoy
A. not nrovont thc Government, both Of the
natior and n, the states. from being on the
mholo ornc,ont and nopular. conformable to
tbe wishes Of the peoplc, and sufficient for
their nceds. visitors from the province OF
Ouehec who read this guido book will be in
teroste1 TO learn. on Mr.. Bryce's authority.
that. while there Is now no established Church
IN any, ~ the united States. nor Is any prefer
ence now given by the law Of any State to any
nne religious body over any other body. yet
such WINS formerly the case In the older States,
and might be again enacted, so far rs the Fed
eral Constitution is concerned In any State.
-
w.
In his discussion OF the aboriginal remains
OF the United States. Prof. Mason warns Eu-
ropean tourists that AL the relics OF tho an
Client Inhabitants Of this region are OF the
neolithic type. though they will doubtless be
told that this is not true. and will have all
sorts Of marvellous things shown to them.
Even tho raw copper obtained from keweenaw
and Ontonagon counties. Michigan. WAS not
smelted. but treated as a stone. 1t was cold
hammered on stone anvils with stone ham
mers. ground into shape on sandstone. and
finished after the manner OF o stone imple-
ment. AS regards the ruder experiments
in filling. the whites found that they had
been anticipated. especially In South Mich
igan. Garden beds or rows were discov-
cred where maize. pumpkins. peas. and other
Indigenous plants had boon cultivated. Of
such pueblo Indians as the Zunt and
the Moki. 1t is pointed out that the
natives still manufacture excellent pottery to
initiate extant relics OF the old ware. but the
ancient is far superior In quality to the new.
Another thing to be remembered about tho
American aborlCines Is that. while they had
attained to tho form Of writing called pictoc-
raphy. they had no alphabet. The visitor is
eutionedt that bits ofstone which OCCASION
ally turn up with Cypriote or other characters
inscribed on them never belonged to the indig-
enous civilization OF this continent.
In an essay on the photography OF North
America. Prof. Shaler expresses the opinion
that in the Laurentian age. the earliest epoch
which biologists can trace In tho history OF
the earth. this continent consisted OF certain
islands. probably stretching forth into the
nelghborinG seas beyond the present limits OF
the land. In the Cambrian period. the Lauren
tian rocks. which had been formed on the older
sea floors. were raised above the ocean level.
and constituted considerable islands. the
larger Of which were grouped about Hudson's
Bay: while there were smaller isles In the
field now occupied by the Appalachian Noun
tains. and in that OF the Cordllleras. From
the debris Of the ancient islands which prefG-
ured the continent together with the deposits OF
organic remains accumulated in the seas. tho
strata OF the Silurian and Devonian ages were
formed. These. In turn, were partly uplifted
In dry land. thus adding to the area OF the I'M
perfect continent by the growth OF Its con-
stantly charging island nucleus Still other
marine accumulations made in the now shall
lowed seas afforded tho beginning OF the car
boniferous strata The conglomeraticn OF
these beds and the slow uprising OF the land
soon brought the continent to a state whore
khA rBarA xAro NA~et, I~- 81 .lN