davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
No. 1000
Application for a Patent.
U s. LAID oFyIcE. ErHEKA. New.

u. 8. LAND oFFIcK. EuKEKA. New,
November Is. 1854
Po.ics 10 hereby given thai James sri
and David Ross. whose Postofhce address
IL Hamilton. White Pine county Nevada.
have This day fled their application for
patent for fifteen hundred linear feet Of
lhs Nevada lode. mine or yein bearing
gold, silver and other minerals. With sur
face ground siI hundred feet in Width.
siiaAied in White Pine Mining District.
White Pine county. aud State Of Nevada.
and designated By the Geld notes and on
cial plat on Gle 10 this ofice as lot So ".
in township No &c north. range 81 east. Of
Mount Diablo meridian, said lot No 81
being described - follows. 20 Wit:
Beginning ~ . post marked num-
Der 1, U 5 5 number 81, being
ths original location corner; hence
running frat course 5 &c deg W 1915 feet
10 the southern boundary Of L 5 survey
No %, Monitor lode, whence post No ;.
the southwest corner Of said Monitor sur-
vey, hears y 81 deg W i0s.s feet. COO feet
70 post marked No 2, L 5 5 No 81, and
The original location corner, whence the
quarter section corner on The ~esi bO1n-
Diary Of section IA. township is n. range
81 Z, bears y 7 deg 20 min " 40 feet;
the location point bears y 40 deg 50 min
" - AG1e NV AS1N4 ~ s1N1%
bears n "A deg is min W ss2 feet. and the
mouth Of tunnel No 2 bears " 50 deg w
6s2 feet; thence second course y e. deg
W 1900 feet 70 peat marked No s. SIS
No 81, and The original location corner;
thence third curse n &c deg Z COO feet 10
post marked No 4. 8 s No 81. and the
original location corner. and thence fourth
course s Ga deg Z I.025 feet 10 the vest
err boundary Of said Monitor survey,
whence corner No 8 Of said Monitor sur
vey bears 5 i5s feet. I 500 feet, 10 poss No
/. the place Of beginning. 80 much OF this
survey As conflicts with I s survey No Sc.
Monitor lode, IL hereby excluded. Sail
confict 10 described a. follows:
Beginning ct post No Of this survey
No 81 aud running thence hrst course 3
70 deg w 49, feet; thence second course
y 81 deg W zoe 8 feet 10 post No 5 OF
said Monitor survey; thence third course
y l5s feet. and shence fourth curse 8 ca
deg Z AIS feet 10 the place OF beginning.
Total area OF survey. 80. 2o.6e scres
Area in conflict with Q 5 sur
vsy No 90, Monitor lode. LEI acres
Remaining area. ...-...-.-..ls.ss acres
Courses expressed from the true merid-
ian, With . magnets variation Of i6 deg.
I As min. east.
Auc Aoc4tou VI t1. MUS - fcSofucd IL
the Recorders offcs Of White Pine county.
The adjoining claim 10 the Monitor on the
north.
Any and all persons claiming adversely
any portion Of said Nevada lode No. 81.
are required to file their adverse elaine
with the Register Of the Z. 8. Land Office
81 Eureka. in the State OF NevAds, during
the sixty days period OF publication. or
they will be barred By virtue Of the pro-
Visions Of the statute
Up. pUEKLEs Register.
II Ia hereby ordered that the foregoing
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
Assessment Notice.

JACKSON MINING COMPANY. LocA-
- ton OF principal place Of business. San
Francisco, California; location Of works. Eu-
reka, Eureka eouuty. Nevada
Notice IL hereby given that ct . meeting Of
ting Board OF Directors. held on the 7sth day Of
March. lse3. an assessment (so- ~ OF twenty
cents per share wAs lie led upon the capt.
tai stock Of the corporation, payable fmme-
diately IA United statss gold coin. 10 the See
rstsry, 81 the once Of the company. so Pine
street, San Francisco. California.
Any stock upon which this assessment shall
remain unpaid on the 18th ear Of April. lSQ8.
will be Delinquent ard advertised for sale at
pablo auction. and unless PAYMENT lie made
before, will be sold on the 27d day Of Nay.
1898, TO pay the deliEqaent assessment. &C.
gether with the costs Of advertising and az
pensss Of sac. By order Of the Board Of
Directors. o. r. JONES. secretxry.
offc-3 30 Pine street. San Francisco. Cali
foruia. Alta
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

BY direction Of Secretary Carlisle the
regulations Of the Treasury Department
in relation to the registration Of Chi
nese laborers, has been modified, dis
pensing with the attaching Of photos
and requiring an affidavit only.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Aluminium is found combined with
1876 other minerals. and therefore con-
stitues q large part Of the crust Of the
earth. bat until recently has been very
expensive because Of the difficulty Of
separating.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Among the historic trinkets to be
melted down 10 the Columbian liberty
bell is a link from a gold chain worn by
Lincoln at the time Of his assassination.
This interesting contribution to the
melting pot was furnished by Minister
Robt T. Lincoln.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

IA S~-rss4ry e. the Trsusry Mr.
Carlisle seszs 10 be developing q sng1-
lag foadoss. far Mrsssshuss;ts and Ssv
York ansss1-ss- Is rosI4 sppsR ss II
ss believed his eaisf zi.s 90 "a Ssers-
tsry Of ihs Treasury 10 to provide Tor
Ssr York s.d MAsslehssst:s nss IN oil
responsible ps.isisss 10 The Department.
Ii - isissi sIsrIosdiaIry. Mr.. Carlisle
v1zld nsvsr have been suspected Of il.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
lionel Robert @. Ineersoll

Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll was re-
Gently approached by a Scotchman at
the close Of his lecture on Robert Burns.
who said: Colonel, the title Of your
lecture should be the epitaph on your
tombstone" "How is that.' asked the
orator. "Robert burns" replied the
Scot.-Argonaut.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Two hundred relocated British SOL
diers. representing every arm Of the
English military service, have arrived at
New York on their way to the Worlds
Fair. They come to the United States
under private auspices.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

1t 10 estimated that since SIR. Morton
started the Arbor Day movement AGO.
100000 trees have been planted in the
Northwest alone. II is an established
fact that tree planting will prevent
~protractsd ~droughts. This 10 . much
surer method Of rainmaking than Uncle
Rusk's plan Of shooting of the surplus.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

There are now slOO. 1000, 900 in geld
10 the Treasury exclusive of that which
has certificates outstanding against it.
There will be no trouble about gold n
til the people who want bonds issued get
ready to make another raid.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Though it rarely wins elections. Mr..
Cleveland evidently has faith in the
Massachusetts, brand Of Democracy.
There has been no batch Of appoint
ments so far in which . Massachusetts,
man failed to carry of one Of the j~uiciess
OF the plums.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

The Chicago Tribune notes as an in
teresting fact not only that physicians
headed the list Of suicides last year. but
that they have headed il every year in
the last ten.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
MAR RED.

In Esrsks. Nevsi1. April IL ls3. b. Rev
Mr.. E1lIsn, II. Il BrszkzR1 70 Mas A1s
E1geeozb-
Mrs.. Kate n. Dakzs. % Eko.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
NOTICE.
In h District Court of she state
of Nevada. Eureka County.
In the Matter Of the Estate Of W. W. Ntekals,
Deceased.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT y. r..
~ NeSamee has hled with the Clerk 81
said Court. apetition. praying for Letters Of Ad-
ministrsticn. with . copy OF the will annexed,
Of the estate OF W. W. Eieksis. deceased. and
that Saturday. the sth Of April. 1855. at I
O'Clock p. NJ, the same being . day OF the reg
ulsr session Of said Court. ct the Courthouse.
and 10 The Courtroom thereof, in the town Of
Eureka. said Comfy and State. has been set by
the Judge for the hearing Of said petition.
when AID where any person interested may
sppear and show eause why said petition
should not be granted.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF. IHAvE HRREuNTo
set my hand ofncisily. and AIMED
lsRALl the seal Of said Court. this 2f
day Of March, lssS.
y. II. HARMON,
County Clerk. Eureka County. Nevada. and
exofhcio Clerk Of sad Court. mh25-3w
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Jay Gould's children are about to
build a church to their fathers memory
at Roeksbury. Delaware county, New
York, the place where be was born.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
Notice to Creditors.
In the Distrfet Court of the state
Of Nevada, Eureka County.
m the Matter Of the Estate Of W. p. CLoHEoY.
Deceased.

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN BIZ TIE
IN undersigned, administrator Of the es-
tate Of W. p. Clohecy, deceased. TO the cred.
itors o. and all persons having claims against
the said deceased TO exhibits them with the
NECESSARY vouchers within four months from the
hrs; publication hereof 70 the said
administrator at his cfnee. In the toxn Of
Eureka, county OF Rureha. State of Nevada.
b. SULTY, Pabiic Administrator
al4W
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

TIE noblsst eisracssrs are those -ho
have ssssfsd the life ressel thrOosh
ssornisss seas. 4 bed q dawn never
EzrsursS . srea, soldier.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Ex-Governor Caleb w. West has
been reappcintsd Governor Of Utah by
President Cleveland. His nomination is
generally satisfactory to Salt Lakers.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

sspsrin.eEdsrs Byrnss says no large
s..y in the World il % free from gam.
bling ~ NsE York.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Any CssgrsssmAn who votes 10 make
macy sesFssr -ill End ks E~sPPortsrs
scarce uksn the rent election rolls
arsssd-HsraId, YisksbGrs. Miss.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
FOR SALE.

THE RESIDENCE OF R T. r. CREEK,
on Railroad Avenue. adjoining the resi-.
dsnee Of J. W. Lambert. IL offered for sale;
also. the furniture and piano. All Of the sbove
property can be purchased cheap for cash
For particulars. apply On the premises.
Eureka. April Z. 1858. ss3x.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

TIE exercises at the opening Of the
Worlds Fair May ! will be held cat Of
doors.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
MINING TAX.

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT TIE
IN taxes on the proceeds Of the mines OF
Kureks county for the quarter endins March
81, 1898. are now due and payable o me - my
once IN Eureks; and the Law In regard 10 the
same will be strictly enforced.
J. O. POWELL,
Assssserof Eurska county. NeysdA
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
Up. pUEKLEs Register.

IL 10 hereby ordered that the foregoing
notice Of application for patent be pub-
lished for a period OF sixty days. item con
secutive veeksl in the SENTINEL, . weekly
newspaper published si Eureka. Nevada.
j. P. DUSKLE, Degisser.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
DIED.

In Eursks, ssylfs. ApnlT. is93. infant son
q Mrs. A. Rogantlni. ssed Z months
In Eursf1. Nevada. April 10. 1853. Roger Nc
Csrmisk. . native Ct Leland. aged g years.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Toys, candies. nuts and fancy gre.
ceries, for salecheap at Nc ConnelI's
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

Mining and 0fher tecks Bought
and sold ON Commission.
Eureka. March s. 1890. nh II
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15
NOTICED.
the District Court Of the state
of Nevada, Eureka County.

In the Matter Of the Estate Of ". ". Slekals.
Deceased.
Eureka weekly sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1887-1902, 1893-04-15

OFFICE IN q YOUNG BUILDING In
" the rear Of the SENTINEL once.
EurekA, n W., April IL. 1875. asst
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
Treasure Unearthed.

CITY OF MEXICO, June S.-A few
days ago some old and,musty documents
were found by which it was learned
that treasure, consisting of jewelry and
gold coin, n,amounting to So 900, 900, is
buried at No. 6 Perpucta street this
city. The documents bear official
marks and state that the wealth was Sc
creted by orders Of Emperor Maximi-
liam. The discovery of these documents
produced a sensation among those who
were permitted to share the secret and
prepa ratlons were at once made for
unearthlng the treasure. The work OF
excavation was begun and in a short
time clay vessel filled with gold
powder was unearthed. Then came
several pieces of solid silverware. A
depth of only a few feet has been
reached, the work having been tenn.
porarily interrupted by great flow OF
water into the cavity. AS soon as the
water can be shut out or controlled the
work of excavation will be resumed.
There seems to be no doubt about the
documents being genuine and it is be.
lieved that all of the great wealth will
be unearthed.
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
a Candidate for Yuma.

A perjury case Is under advisement
by Judge Sloan. Frank II. Howard is
charged with that offence. Demurrer
in the case was argued Wednesday and
taken unGer advisement, he having
previously been tried and convicted.
The perjury is in contradictory stories
told before a grand jury and the justice
of the peace at Crttenden, relative to
dispo itiOn made of one head of stock of
Cameron brand, with which a man
named Parks vas found, by r. f.
Richardson and a man named Bern
hardt. Befre the justice it is claimed,
Howard swore that the animal was a
steer, and before the grand jury that it
was a COW.
Both Parks and Howard claimed that
the animal had been found dead and
that Parks was draggi g it to his ranch,
to be fed to hogs.
The penalty for perjury is one to
fourteen years.
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17

"a LIVELY agitation" says the Age
of Labor of Oshkosh, WIS, ''is going on
in the eastern part of the country re-
lative to the proprety of city govern
ments supplying fuel to the citizens at
cost. Most progressionists are heartily
10 favor f such a scheme and it occurs
to US that the city of Oshkosh would be
e good place for the est blishment of
such an excellent public service. Here
where there are any number of men
supporting families on an income of a
dollar day, where men have offered
their overcoats in midwinter as security
for little coal TO warm their novels, a
fuel supply station which furnishes
fuel at cost would surely be appreciated.
Many cities furnish both water and
light to their citizens. Some of them
supply gas for lighting and heat ng and
there seems to be no good reason why
they should not furnish fuel IN other
forms than gas. Whatever will Tighten
the burdens of labor without injury tc
anybody is a good thing. To reduce
the cost OF living is the same as to raise
the wages OF the poor. The city should
own the water works,.the light plant, the
public coal stations, the gas supply anC
the street car lines, and operate then
all at cost for the benefit of the peo
ple."
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
Question to COngressmen.

NEW YORK, June l0.-The World
presents the answers of a major ty of the
members of the next congress TO these
three questions:
1.-Do you, with present information,
favor the repeal of the Sherman silver
bill?
2.-Do you favor an income tax?
3.-Do you favor the repeal Of the
state bank tax?
These questions were asked OF every
congressmeR by telegraph on Tuesday.
To the first question there are sc repre-
sentstives who say practically YES
while only 19 say mo" OF the rest
many who qualify their answer so
strongly that they cannot fairly be
placed in the affirmative column, show
plainly that their inclinatiOns are il
favor of repeal.
On the income tax 45 says squarely
that they favor it and IL that they do
not. Southern and western congress
men are the most numerous advocates
of such tax.
On the state bank tax question the
opinion is almost as one sided as in re-
gard to the Sherman bill. Six say
positively that they are against repeal
ing the tax while Only thirty favor the
repeal.
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
The Statehood Committee at "

The Statehood Committee at Work.
From An Associated Press dispatch it
is learned that the territorial sub-com-
mittee will come to Tucson in August.
The committee appointed to gather
data for the occasion will prosecute the
work ith vigor and whether the senate
committee comes or not they will have
AL needful showings. The following
letter on the subject has been received
by the secretary from Phoenix:
PHOENIX, Ariz.. June 7, 1898.
Chas. F. Hof, Fsq, Secretary StatehO. Com
mlttee. Tucson, Arlz,:
DEAR SIR-Your favor OF the 9th inst.
received. | am glad to know the clti-
Zens of Tucson have. organized with a
view of facilitating statehood for this
territory. We will oe glad to cooperate
with you in all things that may tend to
establish the fact that Arizona Is ready
to assume the responsibilities of self
government.
/ see by recent press dispatches that
the visit OF the senate committee on
territories is indefinitely postpOned; /;
however this should make no difference
in the work before US. There is a great
deal to be done to satisfy congress as to
the justness Of our right to enter the
union of states.
Would be glad'to hear from you at
any time, and will take occasion to COM
munlcate farther with you,
Very truly yours,
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
The Prize Ring.

New ORLEANS, June 1O.-Jack DAILY of
Wilmington, Del, and Owen Harvey,
cf this city, fought tonight on the arena
OF the Crescent Athletic club before
200 people. The weight was 126 pounds
give or take two pounds. The fight
was the second prettiest ever seen here,
that of Tommy Warren and Cal Me
Carthy ranking first. DAILY outclassed
Harvey in weight, height and reach,
though the home man outpointed his
advantage-laden opponent by his quick
ness of hands and feet. In the ten
rounds fought Harvey was down in
the first, third and ninth rounds, and
would have been counted out in the
ninth but for the gong. The seconds
of Harvey threw up the sponge esrly
in the tenth round to save their man
from further punishment. Daily
escaped unhurt, while the defeated
man was somewhat swollen.
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
A Sensational Event.

COLUMBUS, June 1O.-A sensational
event marked the close Of the school
children's parade today in honor of the
duke of Veragua. The dukes brother
was stricken with angina pectoris and
fell PROSTATE on the grand stand. He
suffered frightful agony and the attack
seemed likely to result fatally owing to
the terrific jam of spectators and the
inability of the authorities to force back
the people and give the nobleman air.
Bishop Watterson stood ready to ad-
minister the last sacrament. An cleo
trio battery was brought into operation
By the physicians who had been called.
however, and the necessity for action by
the bishop gradually disappeared the
attack was probably brought on by the
excitement Of the day. The tumult in
the convention which nominated Gov
ernor Mckinley and the remarkable
sight of the procession of the school
children which proved to be miles in
lanOth
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
TIE late mistrial trial of Frank Kibt

TIE late mistrial trial of Frank Kibby
cost this county S2lO0. A retrial is on
he calendar for September. Its esti-
mated cost is $500 This is a case
Drought here from Pinal county on a
change OF venue and of course Pinal
county ls expected TO repay Pima county
for this enforced outlay, but as Pinal
county has no money in the treasury
Pima can whis le for what is coming to
her. This measurement Of justice for d
crime committed in a neighboring
county is liable to prove an expensive
luxury to the county upon which it is
saddled.
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17
GAS OR ELECTRICITY?
The New Light Must Be as Cheap and
Better Than Gas. if PutIn

The question of the light for the
streets of Tui son will be settled very
soon.
The steet COMMITTEES, empowered to
act in the matter, meet soon. he propo-
sition, of ghts in pairs, on towers, was
for $40 a pair.
The committee in the matter are not
going to rush into the matter of a new
light, merely because it is no. el and
dazzling. Councilman Woods and Proc
tor, of the committee, say that they
want to be shown as go)d a light
cheaper, OF a better llght for ihs same
money. The matter OF aecsrtaining
which is the better light is what the
council placed in their hands.
FOUR TOWERS. IF ANY.
Councilman Wood says should the
electric light be put in, there should be
at least four to Eers, and be would in
sisG on their being seveniy-tive feet
high. One If the e would te as at
present, on the court house, smother IN
the northern end of town, third about
the Lexington stable and the fourth at
Met Gormick a Meyer street. Tucson
Is a big town, and spreads It's one story
buildings over big acreage. Less llghte
he thinks would be incom Ilete. But $40
for the four lights would be $50. and
is more than he S " ling TO allow.
In view Of reduction of so month,
TO 5l25 a month, maCe by the ga COM
pa y a cOmparstiy ely low figure is
named.
As to the question of superiority,
there is the matter of where each light
can rea h. The gas lights are e ghteeD
candle power each, an2 fifty o them are
so divided over the streets and oyw' VS.
of Tucson TO Ii int fairly tho oughly.
Ibe electric ghJ people say their twin
lights are 12O0-candle power each, or
2400-candle pswer for each set. Th
would make q total, for fouI sets OF
9,600-candle power for the town, against
a t7ta of 900-candle power by the gas
But with the d Zzllng light, much Of 1t
is wasted in not being 20 located as To
light streets s. completely as does the
gas less bri liantly.
A to placing the electric lights slngly
instead OF pairs and IN more places, the
electric light people say the cost II
maintaining a SINGLE light is about the
same AS the twin lights. 1t is uncer-
tain winch lights vii be put in. A good
| service, and reasonably cheap is wanted
One good effect of the new light has
| been to bring down the present rates.
LATER.-Sjnce the foregoing was put
in type a new aspect has been put Oh
affairs by the explanation that the lights
must be in even numbers, but need Lot
be put up two together. Thus The
| lights can be more scattered than in
| three or four places.
Arizona weekly citizen. [volume] (Tucson, Ariz) 1880-1901, 1893-06-17

candidate by the republicans in the
next national contest, and also as indi-
eating the drift Of pub ic sentiment in
the Buckeye state on political issues
The reDominatlon of Governor Nc
Kinley, made today, is the just tribute
to his worth and popularity. He is
popular not only in Ohio but also
throughout the country, and is fast
growing into prominence as a presi-
dentisl possibility. With Governor
Mckinley at the head of the ticket
OHIO may be trusted to roll up hand
some republican majority next fall.
The convention mas exhibited vigor-
Gus and aggressive spirit in its treat
ment Of political topics. 1t has treated
the democratic party to some keen
criticism for its failure to carry out
it's pledges and its cowardly shutting
in regard to important issues that de-
mand positive and firm treatment.