Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1893-12-28
MUST ALL SEE WELL
VARIOUS mETHoos EnPtoYtD


o. - 60 nany esaiikis - Ssqu6s
= - Doun,ssd - csndzdnsss one No.
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~ asss sbds - sny 6ssrEipsinn ars -
lovof - ~ vosn. snd bnfors bstng
psuagon5 ~ nen nnse - ahis 70 pnss
nn6nn1.Depg1y go which. VIII dior
90 ssnDanis4 vsxtas h ssvxtsy. Esns
osupnn1ss ~ periodically. vhilAe<hsss
only - - vAea ths m ~ pronotsd
- 6xize sDd tsivfng. % vhsa $500 No
49, susun thseugh asnal having hesn
u1sanhun a. 5000 - dAnour.
In jes<1cs. thsrsfoss. 10 ~ tSavsling
pnhkio. = wolI - fnr shkiy ewn intsgestA
= = ~ dusy % railway eompaniss 70
go that tbs - 10y plAcs h such ~
spoazbls posifjons szs thoroughly com
ps<ent. ~ the spssd - which trzins srs
nsw run requires acutsnsas Of vis,on
In the early dAys 81 railway sntsrpriss.
Ne train was oftsn precsded BY ma %
foot som<times On korssbeck-whonp
dury ID was % go tbs line clear. bat
With the rapid drvesopmsnts made IN -
corotivs engineering e was soon found
necessary 10 dispense with this herald
und IN due course fred signals were
placed ai0ug the route
Thus tsse responsibility Of seeing the
positioa Of signals and attending 10 them
w2s plased upon the usn in charge q
The train-vix. driver. fireman and
guard for ths latter IN the event Of an
-. -. a.. ru<~ wIs4 49,
ths signal was clear or not. and his sight
(zlso tkat Of shaasers and signAlmen) il
subjected % ths same tess - that Of the
locomotive men.
varicus methods Of testing have been
resort<d %. but the ore which for q con-
siderable period was used BY railway
companies. and which the men stiil most
spprovs Of. was testing by means Of Gags
and tampa The candidate was taken 70
anics straight stretch. and another party
with the f2ss tired. green and vhiss) BY
day and lamp By might wa sent forward
about GO yards and exposed the signsls.
whsch the Candidate was required to
name TO the foreman % inspector pre-
snt-
some efzciAls, however. do not approve
Of tho candidate naming the colors. and
In such cases what h Known - the ''wool
tess- ~ TO BE- gone through This con-
slzfs Of bundIs Of various colored woods
FROM which the candidate must pick Sut
pieces h thinks correspond 10 sksins
which are given him 70 match In some
companies the skeins are simply hung
q bar and ths candidate aslced to
pstns sus the danger colers. ETC.. with
go nADing them. but ~ there ara vzri-
go Kinda Of color blindness. IL 10 much
bsessr 20 uss othsr colors - we'll -
thoss In daily 10 on the line. I'm
1sub<edly this n ths correct method for
tsseing color blindness If properly con-
1ucsrd- +.
Dut - usthed which 1t the PRESENT
Nns seems most popular II Whist y
Down - ne card test This b .
1880 Of cardboard about 81 inches BY 81
fhch<s. In each Of the four CORNERS are
Ne colors. red, green, bius and yellow,
. al very bright, while the space left DO
tween. about tvo inches. u divided into
squares ous-ffth Of "a inch. which 1t Q
distance Of Is feet Corresponds 70 bulls
sye . feet square 60 yards away. The
eandidafs stands Is feet IRON the card
and names the colors - they are pointed
out. also counts the number Of black
ened squares. which are varied In num-
b-r By covering up some with piece Of
paper.
Each eye u examined separately, both
g. 20 color ssnss and form. care being
taken that the unuscd eye 10 nmply Gov
cred and nos pressed upon. ~ this osusss
irritation % both msnbers. Having
named the colors and counted the spots
correctly, the candidate may congrstu-
late htnsslf that he rs passed.
Gsn<slly Speaking. the sight should
b tested onoe every thrce or four years.
~ <nring thss period accident or dissHsa
may have impaired the vision. while
hAbitn2i smokers should b tested much
oftsrsr. a. 10 hzs been asosrtained that
tobacco SMOKE has . dsietsrious eject
On the sight.
A. pet railway conpsnies have moi
sdevtsd hard and fAss tesf. Each hxz
"a own iaeshcd. bat ~ 30 many prscioaz
lives arr intTusted 70 engine drivers md
thstr mates. an exhaustive test should b
made. Strictly speaking three t<sts
shouId be gone through: 1. Wool test,
% detect color blindness. 3 Object test,
squares or small letters. for form. &
Tested in dsrkcned rom with lamp fos
eolcr ixnorsnce. - n y important thai
tas candidzs- should - sbls TO name
sAe ooiors The lamp. having ben Light
I'd, y placed on table. whils the csndi-
date stands about ~ feet eff. A psecs
81 csrdheard with hole about half "a
inch IN diameter IA placed over the fzcs
81 - Ismp. ADD vsrisus color~j glasses
passed IN frpat. which the candidate
Should nsre. rsfssrxinx whether hghsez
Or darker thsn tie previous ons u tn
sasns esiorsd groap. London Tit-Bita
r.xsisu e.--ry Bird<
h stxrv q he talking canarv vh3rh