davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1893-06-22
WOMEN Al UNIVERSITIES.

Miss Florence Bascom of Massachusetts
has had the degree of doctor of philosophy
conferred upon her by the Johns Hopkins
University. The event is noteworthy for
two reasons. 1t is an academic honor con-
ferred for the first time in America upon
any lady student, and it is the first degree
of any kind conferred upon a woman by
this seat of learning, which takes a fore
most position in the aims of higher cul-
ure. With every extension of the facili-
ties for study. women are giving proof of
the highest capacity to attain eminence.
The percentage Of exceptional distinction
cannot be higher than among male students.
but the average may be quite as uniform.
But opinions as to comparative merits are
quite beside the question of removing any
barriers which usage and prejudice have
maintained against women receiving
equal privileges and advantages in sys-
tens of education. Whatever part they
play afterward in the race OF life, they are
all the better qualified tor it, from having
enjoyed a disciplined mental training,
terrifying them for any career toward
which they have an inclination. Their
store of learning and cultured taste in no
wise divests them of practically. They
are not apt to move in a world of dreams
any more than others whose talents are
ripened and nodded at a university. After
they emerge from the college halls they
have. the world to face, and the uncer-
tainty of beginning for livelihood is
much less thai in the case of women who
have only had the training afforded by a
misses school. Only a few women can 60
to university, just as only minority of
men can go. Free as the facilities are the
necessities of life's struggle debar the
great majority of people from striving for
degree. To certain extent the profess
sons are overcrowded, but not by the bril-
liant. and there is no reason to apprehend
that women will fail to find an encourag-
ing opening in any profession or business
pursuit they enter. Speeulations on what
they should do are useless. They have
the right to do what they can. Miss Bas-
com becomes a university professor.
The morning call., 1893-06-22

whether the other railways like 1t or not
There is perturbation all round at preseB /
in railroad competition. and it has a
healthy effect on trade. 1t is only by COM
petition that railroads are put Oh their
mettle in giving good service at fair rates.
They profit by it themselves even tually,
owing to increased travel and the stimulus
TO business. Chicago has thrived on COM
petition. and so have the railroads which
center there.
A fight is imminent about street railroad
accommodation at the foot of Market
street. The Harbor Commissioners and
not the Supervisors are the arbiters in the
matter. and it is important they should
have back bone enough to deal fairly with
all concerned. To give any undue advan-
tage to the Market-street cable companies
would be grievous injustice 10 the other
lines, whether operated by cable. cleo
trcity or horses. Where is the equity of
giving a company more because it says
most OF the travel is in its cars?
The dime "shocker" in novels is said to
nave been responsible for an accident on
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. A teie-
graph operator became so absoI bed in the
thrilling story that he forgot his duty and
let the trains run amuck, with startling
and expensive denOuement. One of the
passenger sufferers Is trying TO recover
$4,000 for the negligence. Obviously too
much addiction to fiction on railroad duty
is a s Dad as seeing double or falling asleep
from lnebriety, but disasters are rare
from devotion to literature.
A couple of predatory impostors are
going about San Francisco getting well
paid for useless services They profess to
have orders to varnish the front door. 1t
is not a long process with big brush and
some slushy compost that makes the wood
shine. But when the proprietor comes
home he finds that the servant has paid
So 90 for work unauthorized, that his door
is daubed with some vile grease which
must be got rid of at the cost of few
more dollars. and that there is no trace of
the clever raScals. The wonder is that
men so ingenious do not turn their gifts
into honest business. The vanishing trick
is too transparent TO last
The morning call., 1893-06-22
PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT.

The real name of Caran Ache. the most
popular OF European caricaturists. is
Emanuel Pore.
One of the great authorities on tr0tting
horses is Ex-Governor Morgan G. BLlkeley
of Connecticut.
Governor Northen of Georgia is an old
scho0lteacher and has lost none Of his in
teIest In educational matters.
Van Leer Polk, the new Consul-General
at Calcutta. is an ex-newspaper man, hav-
ing been for some time associate editor OF
the Nashville American.
Legouve, Camille DOucet and the Duke
of Broglie are the only members of the
French Academy who date back to 1865.
All their c0nfrereS prior to that time are
dead.
Governor Russell of Massachusetts, who
has been attending the camp of the State
National Guard at birmingham, has tried
his hand at the rifle range and proved him
self an excellent shot.
Miss Mnnehaha, an Indian woman, is a
trained nurse in the New York Woman 5
Hospital, and this nameSake of Longfel
lows Dakota heroine is said to be one of
the best in the institution.
Professor A. Halter, director of the
Chemical Institute of the Faculty of Science
of Nancy, France. and DR.. Marcel Ban
douin, editor in-chlef of the Archives de
Sty recently.
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps was only 19
when her first story was published. and she
was 20 when her Coates Ajar' brought her
celebrity, so that she is usually thought to
be much older than she really is, her name
having been so long before the public She
does all her literary work between A. NJ.
and p. NJ.
A remarkable Russian woman, Nine. de
Novlkotf. is about to sail from England for
the United States. She has been famous
for years in London as the center of Rus
sian intrigue in the interest of the Gar
and as the friend of Mr.. Gladstone, sinsu-
lar to say. The diplomats are curious to
known what her mission is in this country.
After her spectacular visit to the United
States and her theatrical manifesto de-
claring her rights. the Princess Kaiulani
OF Hawaii has settled down IN the village
Of Burton Latimer, in Northamptonsbire.
England. to await developments in the
Sandwich Islands. She occupies a cottage
with an elderly woman as her sole CON-
DaniOn.
The morning call., 1893-06-22

felt, then the wind freshens and theHsea.
disturbed from its quiet repose. froths
angrily and rises in its wrath. The boom
of breakers trebles, and with crash the
blast strikes the crest of the island.
'One catches breath and holds 1t in
dread suspense, while overhead masses OF
clouds flv past, each contributing us snare
OF forked lightning and pealng thunder.
Then the rain! it starts with big
splashes of warm wafer which fall upon
the white rocks aud the beach; slowly at
hrst but increasing in violence every min
ute until all heaven seems to have been
turned into monster shower-bath which
pOurs relentless floods upon the guano de-
posts till every level spot becomes a lake
and every rocky seam a rivuIet. Leaping
from the ;op of the guano deposits the
waller falls in milk-whte cascades to the
beach below and spreads out in white
sheet 20 meet the foam of the breakers.
almost as quickly as it comes the Clip
perton thunderstorm passes away.s The
clouds pass over and the thunder grows
more and more indistnct. The seabIrds
settle down on the rocks. the crabs crawl
out of their muddy holes and the sun
shines with the same tormentlng fury of a
few hours previous"
One of the Compeer's men tells a story
of volcano which is supposed to have
existed on the island some years ago. The
karstad's sailor spoke of this phenomenon,
but declares that it was merely geyser.
ut existed" he said, con the north end of
the island and used to spout hot water.
We called it the devils foghorn,' for II
would wall like siren when in eruption"
The seaman then told a strange story
of how the geyser disappeared, which may
be fiction, but is worth recital.
One night, just after a thunderstorm, the
devils f0ghorn spouted water higher into
the air than ever. All through the night
it gave forth weird sounds and the island
trembled as If from an earthquake.
Every sailor on the Karstad thought that
the island was doomed and lmplored the
captain of the schooner to sail away. He
refused to do so, and during the early
hours of morning fearful Squall sprung
up and lasted for several hours. After the
wind had died down not a sound was
heard from the foghorn.
a boat was sent ashore and an investi-
CATION of the crater of the geyser made.
1t had disappeared almost entirely, and
over it was spread layer of dust and
stones.
The sailors always said after that that
the storm had blown the DEVILS fire out.
Perhaps it was the wind. Nature may
have changed her mind. however, about
her contemplated destruction of the island
by an eruption. and destroying its many
wonderful inhabitants, SO in the case of
the DEVILS foghora:
The breath of heaven has blown its
spirit out and strewn repehtant ashes on
its head
The morning call., 1893-06-22
BACTERIA AND TOBACCO.
A Theory That incubation May Inn
prove the Flavor of the Leaf.
Louisville Courier-Journal.


1t would hardly be imagined that there
was much connection between bacteria and
tobacco. but the progress In the science of
bactenology, which is now making such
rapid strides, has shown that such is the
case. Although some bacteria are so deadly
others are found 10 be of the greatest possible
s rYice 10 mankind. IL has been discovered
tnat tneSe minute organisms play an important
part In determining the quality OF tobacco
The leaves of the tobacco plant, before tuey
are worked up into cigars and finally handed
over 10 the general public, undergo Ger
tain Preventative changes. II was for
mrrly supposed that The alteration in their
condition thus brought about was due TO
purely chemical changes. but some expert
ments recently made are regarded as going TO
show that these important results are brought
about by special micro-Organisms.
, In paper read before the German Botanical
society Sucband gives an account of his in.
vesIigatlon oil tile bacteria found in different
KINDS of tobacco. He has examined f.,
mented tobaccos from all parts of the world
and found that they contain plenty of micro.
organisms, although but few varieties as a
rule, but TWO or three different species 10 auv
particular brand, and but rarely micrococcus
forms. he finds that pure cultures of bacteria
OBTAINED from one Kind OF tobacco ana inocu-
lated on 10 another kind generated in the latter
taste auu aroma recalling the taste and aroma
OF The original tobacco from which the bacteria
had been in the first instance obtained. This
discovery suggests great possibilities Thus,
1t Is limited that in the future it may be pos
sole 10 raise The quality of German to-
bacco, not so much by careful culture and
ludlcious selection OF varieties, which has so
FAR proved comparatively unsuccessful as by
lnoculating with pure cultures OF bacteria
found In some of the fin foreign tobacco,
whereby corresponding ferment ton changes
may be induced in the German raw material
and he quality improved accordingly. Ii Will
De mighty Interesting to watch the future re-
suits OF this tianspianting OF bacteria. II sue
cessful they will lead to notifications and i'm.
provements IN many industries.
The morning call., 1893-06-22

so much from any supposed lack of cur
rency as from the fear that there is COM
paratlyeiy small amount of money in
which currency may be redeemed. This
really Is the crucial point. There is no
trouble about issuing currency: the trouble
arise from An apprehension, more or less
we'll founded. that there is not money
enough in the country to redeem currency
with. When this feeling gets abroad. the
men who know the least about the con-
dltion Of banks are the first to want
their money. Their consciousness of
lack OF knowledge suggests that they get
on the safe SIDE In the country outside
OF the treasury there is reasonably broad
basis OF gold coin. If to this were added
the silver coined and unconed. there would
be something more than dollar in coin
Tor each dollar Of currency afloat. There
VIII be no cause for apprehension until
Congress shows a disposition to reduce the
legal tender money in the country to the
stock of gold.
The morning call., 1893-06-22
Railroad Engineering.
st. LOUIS Globe Democrat.


Railway men Will remember that the Great
Northern Railway contractors laid track i'm a
very lively fashion during The past year III The
state of Washington Probably the most In
terestlng portion OF the line is the switchback
over the Cascade Mountains. Beginning on a
% per cent grade on the main line al the
east II reaches the summit at Stevens Pass
by three switches. with a maximum grade of
31a per cent Its highest elevation is 4O55
feet, where IL passes through the pass In a
cut 13 feet Deep The descent on the west
SIDE of the summit is more difficult, the
maximum grade being 4 per cent This
swltchback is 10 be replaced by tunnel 13.-
l79 feet long. extending from Tunnel City on
the east 10 Stevens Guy on the west 1t VIII
have slope toward the west OF 80 feet to the
nile. or IL per cent. 1t will be single rack
tunnel. 16 feet wide and 23 feet high. end will
probably cost about S2.000.o00 1t will prob
ably be lined with brick, and II is expected that
Twill be TWO years before trains can be run
through 1t. As trains have to be broken up in
order 10 be handled on the swlicbback. the
WORK VIII be advanced with all possible rapid.
Ivy 10 save the loss In running time particularly
as the competing division of the Northern Pa
cine is now operated through its tunnel. the
doned.
The morning call., 1893-06-22
THE SENATORIAL VACANCY.

Governor Markham has now the oppor-
tunity of his life. The death of Senator
Stanford gives the Governor the appoint
ment of Senator for the two sessions of
the present Congress. Governor Mark
hams term expires on the 1st of January,
1895, and the Legislature will meet on tn e
same day. The Senatorial term to which
Mr.. Stanford was elected does not expire
until 1897. but the power to fill the vacancy
will devolve upon the Legislature at
the time of its meeting. There Will be,
however, but about two months between
the meeting of the Legislature and the
adjournment of Congress. The next Legis-
lature will have the election OF a Senator
The morning call., 1893-06-22
R. c. WoOLWoRTH's WILL.
His Estate Bequeathed to His Widow
and DAUGHTER in Equal Shares


and Daughter in Equal Shares.
The Will of the late Ralph c. Woolworth,
who was president of the Crocker-Wool-
worth Bank. was filed for probate yester-
day by his widow and executrix, Helen j.
Woolworth. The will, which is in the
testator's own handwriting, reads as fol-
lows:
I, Ralph C. Woolworth of the city and county
OF San Francisco, state OF California, do make,
publish and declare this my last will aud lesta-
ment
First-I nominate and appoint my wife. Helen
j. WoolWorth, execnrlX and Reuben II. Lloyd
executor OF this will. to serve without giving
bonds or other security for The performance OF
any duty or trust hereunder. In case OF the
DEATH absence, inability or decnation of
iher, then the other shall serve as il named
alone.
Second-My estate is all community properly.
one half OF which on my death goes to my wife,
Helen j. WOOlworth, as l understand the law.
so far as necessary hereby ratify and confirm
her rights thereto.
Third The remaining half OF my said estate
give to my daughter. Helen WOolworIh. The
revenue Of such share or one-half may be used
by my wife, Helen j. Woolworth, toward sup
porting and maintaining herself and my said
age. If before my said daughter becomes of
age my wife remarries. then II of the revenues
arising from my said daughters share or one
nan OF my estate are to be used In supporting
and maintaining her, my said daughter.
Ii all the revenues arising from my said
daughters share or one-half of my estate are
pot so used, then The remainder shall be paid
to her when she becomes of age. Should nv
daughter. Helen, die before becoming of age
wish her share or One-half OF my estate TO &C TO
her mother and l hereby so direcJ. l hereby
revoke all wills heretofore by me made
RALPH Z. WooLwoRTH
Witnesses: William ii. Croker, e. W.
Elmer, Charles II. Athearn.
The valueo of the estate. which Is believed
to be considerable. is at present unknown.
The morning call., 1893-06-22

the reader can imagine cars hung from the
supports around the wheels periphery.
These cars maintain a pendent position as
the wheel slowly revolves, and presum-
ably the occupants are thrilled by the SEN
sations of an expanding view as they as
cend and contracting one as they descend.
1t is, in short, circular tour 20 the height
Of high church tower, the total voyage
being over 200 yards. Well may the inven-
tor be appla uded as having contrived a
mechanical novelty as striking as the Eiffel
Tower or the oscillating sad seawave
machine. which gives the squeamish the
pleasures Of NAL de mer on land. 1t may
be hoped that the Ferris wheel is so safe
as to Danish thoughts of accident
The morning call., 1893-06-22
THE SKIES SPOKE.
Thunder and Lightning of
the Tropics.
Stories of Cl'pperton Islands Fearful
Storms and Torrents of Rain
An Extinct Crater.

Il see you are interested in Clipperton
Island" remarked an English sailor to
THE CALLS marine reporter yesterday.
You can say that the Curtis. hartman
and Compeer are not the only vessels that
have visited the island. for in 1885 the
German schooner Karstad, then engaged
in the South Sea island trade, touched there
in hopes of finding guano which could be
handled and brought to a market"
From this seaman's description one can
imagine ClippertOn Island low circle of
white volcanic rock like the ghost of a
dead continent rising from watery grave.
Above 1t Is placid sky as ever changing
as an opal. Myriads of circling sea birds
are seen, whose strange calls drift across
the ocean TO greet the ears of approaching
navlgatOrs. About the ring-shaped isle is
a fringe OF breaking surf, leaping madly
forward. only TO roll its snowy waters like
a cloth upon the ia BILE Of the beach.
This seaman. as well MS those of the
Compeer, testities that Clipperton Island
IS not always gem of purest ray serene"
Inc Will OF heaven, the thunderstorm OF
the tropics, can blot its colors out and rem
der it black mass of shrouding clouds
and angry flakes OF spiteful salty spray.
These men tell queer stories of Clipper
toms thunderstornls as well as of its calm,
cloudless days and nights.
The reporters newly found acQuaint-
ance volunteered the first description of
the islands strange appearance in a
storm.
1--WE landed early in the morning." be
commenced. ut was a clear, warm day.
| say warm. but the truth is it was red hot
The mercury stood about 105 degrees in
the shade, which does not seem much
when compared to the heat of the San
Joaquin Valley of this Stale.
but remember Clipperton heat is OF
different character. In the San Joaquin
Valley cool breeZes sometimes spring up
during the evening, and at night the tenn
perature is very much lower than during
the day. Not so at Clipperton; the Their
mometer records los degrees in the shade
at noon, and registers just the same at -
O'Clock at night. There is no cessation of
the heat. Laden MS IL Is with moisture
it renders life almost uncomfortable.
"'What about thuDderstorms.' you ask.
Heaven only knows how human being
could exist on Clipperton Island if it were
not for the storms. Squalls always accom-
pany these atmospheric disturbances and
sometimes hurricanes. They cool the air
and lash the silken sheen of the calm sea
into turmoil of flying spray and nasty.
choppy waves.
1t Is astonishing with what rapidity
one OF those storms will brew. The sky
VIII De clear, but full of gorgeous tints. as
tropical sky always IS. Suddenly ihe
purple OF the horizon changes to deem
req. Long ribbons of color stretch across
the heavens. from beneath which creep sly
iittle lakes OF clouds. The red of the
norlzon changes to black; heavy banks of
CLOUDS accumulate and the sullen roar of
thunder is heard far in the distance.
just the merest ghost of breeze is
The morning call., 1893-06-22
Suits Against Railroads.

Josephine Goellert has filled suit against
the San Francisco and San Mateo Railroad
Company to recover $500 damages for
injuries alleged to have been inflicted
through the carelessness of the company's
employees.
Rebecca O'Malley and her husband, }.
OMalIey, have sued the Sutter-street
Railroad Company TO recover $4,000 dam
ages for injuries sustained by Mrs. O'Mal-
ley while travelling on the road.
The morning call., 1893-06-22
BIG FEATHERED GAME.

Before the present generation OF sports
men pass TO the majority they may have
an opportunity of bagging the noble
winged game known as the capercailzle.
A brace OF the birds have arrived from
Sweden and others may follow. As the
nest contains from six to twelve eggs. and
accllmatZatiOn is hardly doubtful across
The continent from Maine TO California.
wherever there are pine woods, no long
period should elapse ere the call of this
King OF the grouse family is heard in it's
haunts. Like the turkey, which it ap-
proaches in size, the males weighing as
much as fifteen pounds, the capercaIzie
may be easily domesticated, and as a
food bird 1t is highly esteemed. The
sportsman who brings down a few of these
handsome. dark-plumaged wood grouse
will have enough to do to carry his bag to
camp, but as toll attended with success is
the pleasure of sport, the good shot
should ind capercalZle shooting excep-
tlonally exhilarating. AS a feeder it is
fond of the shoots of the pine and the
Scotch fir. and the buds of the birch and
other trees, and 1t also finds aiiment in
berries. seeds, worms, insects and grubs.
1t is polygamous.
The capercailzie has a very wide distri-
button in Europe and Asia, but has no
habitat In America. In Spain and Italy,
Germany, Sweden and Norway it is COM
mon, and also wherever there are woods
across Northern Asia. 1t was abundant
In Scotland and Ireland, but was exter-
minated about century ago. Recently,
however, 1t has been reintroduced nd has
thrlved. 1t is frequently seen In the poul-
terer's window at Christmastide. Grouse
are abundant in North America as well as
IN Europe, bus it is a curious fact that this
one species CTetrao urogallus) is not any,
where found on our continent. 1t belongs
to the palB-Arctic division in bird distri-
button, which embraces all Europe and
Asia north of the Himalayas, while the
birds OF North America belong to the neo-
Arctic. That the capercaizie, capable of
great flight and hardy in food habits.
should have been unable to gain footing
in the western world is good proof of
geographical barriers far back in the
earth's history. Naturalists are now able
to come to very definite conclusions on
changes in the earth's surface by their
studies of the species of birds extinct and
living. 1t is now regarded as a very
proba BILE hypothesis. founded upon dis
coveries of fossil birds, that an Antarctic
continent existed, which joined Australia,
New Zealand. South America and NADIA
gascar at time when the southern pole
had tropical climate. The change from
equatorial to polar conditions is supposed
to have been due to the cycle of secular
movement indicated by the procession of
the equinoxes. The restriction of the
caperrailzie's habitat is similarly impor-
tant evidence of great alterations of sea
and land in the northern hemisphere.
The morning call., 1893-06-22
A YANKEE NOTION.

What is proudly termed Yankee no.
tion-the Ferris wheels this week to be
set in motion at the Worlds Fair. 1t is &
very original and remarkable structure for
spectacular purposes The design is sug-
gested by paddle wheel at the stern of a
steamer, but it is a huge extension OF that
invention. being over 200 feet in diameter.
Instead of water dripping from the paddles