The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-05-06
THE MOUNTAINS move.
Dr.. Swallow Tells the Jurymen How
the Big Rocks Are Shaken
Near Here.
Water Down Below Hotter Than
the Preachers Can Make
It. He Says.
He Explains His Examinations Of the
Mines Of the Montana Company
and thu st. Louis.

NJ
Mines Of the Montana Company
and tho 81. Louis.
This interesting feature in the big mining
pass yesterday WINS the testimony of DR.. g.
G. Swallow, of Helena, one OF the most en-
,inent %geologists in the country. For nifty
yenfs he has been engaged in mining more
or less. He made the first geological sur-
vey OF Missouri. 1863 to 1861. and Of Kansas
in 1865 and 1866. He WAS professor OF Reol-
oRy in tho university Of Missouri and was
appointed state g~eologist in 1863. and wna
also state geologiss Of Kansas. He has been
a member of the American association TO!
tho advancement OF science since 1645 and
10 . member OF the American Geological
society md the National Geological society.
Ho 10 also a member Of the Imperial Geo
logical society OF Austria, and be-
iosgs TO u great many scientific 60
cieties in this country n has examined
thousands of mines. In his direct examine
ton he explains the geology OF the Marys-
vile district near Helena. ION the east
side of the valley" he testifies. 'it ia. slate
rock interseoted somewhat with porphy-
ret!c matter in places, and In places on the
west side. and in the valley. mostly granite
! will say-and up the hill on the east side
the granite extends nearly up TO the st.
Louis mine in places. The rocks there
in which the mines are situated are sede-
mentary." he said. land were formed in the
ocean. without doubt. Some c%onvulsion of
nature threw them up in their present posi-
ttov w han +hA rnrikn mi mi nm - n n m a
from below az igneous rock and 1t pushed
up walls which lay horizontally above them.
and thon the slates lay inclined on
each side" He vas asked to describe
which Is meant by a assure vein and an
swerel: "Well. We wore not there when
they were made. but the understanding IL
this: that whom there was some disturbances
made in those mounta In regions. or in the
surface OF tho ca, tn. or rocks. they were
fractured by some means, probably push
ing from below, md these tractu es were
opened, and then from below the matter
came mp in a liquid or gaseous 70 m and
deposited until that crevice was filled. and
a great denl of matter fell into this matter
from the surface frequently. as there is in
this crevioe which we are speaking about"
Further along in his examination he said
1--WE know that these mountains are NOV
ing now. some portions arc rising and low
eting. The elevations have been changed
since the white men have been in this terri.
tory. We know from actual experience
that there ia some slight movement RoinQ
on; and then We have shaking mp of the
earth, what we call earthquakes, and that
moves the rocks. and through oil the ages
past. perhaps millions of years. these rocks
have been shaken up, and where these frac.
lures are one side would move mo. . than
another. and there would be grinding up
and down. and they would be smoothed of.
and the fine powder is called selvece."
II examined the apex and the workings
in the st. Louis. l did not make the sur
veys; l had to take tho testimony of others.
On the st. Louis down to tho first level. the
levels wore run SOUTH. and l examined both
Of them. We went down that level and
examined the cross-cuts which went to the
hanging we'll. l examined the Hopeful
claim last Monday. My FIST effort was to
examine the surface indications. Com
menced at the apex. examined tho CROSS
cut n the dumps. which satisfied me that
considerable ore had been taken ont, and
that there WAS a good vein there, we'll de-
fined vein of ore. In cut sixteen we found
it to be an excavation about eighteen feet
deep. through the surface material into the
rock. the slate, and in that slate they found
good wall rock, indicating the hanging wall
of the vein, and below that what appeared
to be vein material, changed from this rock
above. We then went to ont fifteen.
After passing through the surface material
we found what appeared to be a wall rock
with selveRes. the same as the wall in the
II st cut. We passed to the next open cut,
and it was about fourteen feet deer. and
made through the surface material M
into the rock three or -four feet, exposing
what appeared to be wall rock. perhaps two
feet in depth. In the next excavation we
found the same indications. We found
-l,~ ~..o- - A. la Gh- E.-A all -
in the other direction, and tho selveRe On
the upper side, and also the vein matter on
the upper aide showing that that was the
wall Of the vein. There was some indica-
ions in these cuts, but nothing of impor-
lance in this connection, because we have
better indications below; it showed the
same sntface indications until We got up to
the St. Louis moline. INT there we found
by careful examination indications OF wall
rock on the foot wall. Indications of the
foot wall under the shaft or incline. We
drove down in that moline about thirty
feet. reckon. and we then come
to these levels which run south.
! followed those levels in some places and
found indications OF wall rock on this level
on the west side or lower side and the mat
ter on the inside appeared to be vein mat.
ter" The professor pointed out u CROSS
cut on the plan which he said went INTO the
cast level. This seemed to be in vein mat
Gpk unUh o C0IbhiA pO4ut WIN IeuCu0u.
Then we seemed to strike the hanging
wall and followed it almost all the way ua-
til We reached the south end OF that level;
seemed to be pretty good indications of the
south hanging wall, indications in places
that could not be mistaken for u wall.
From this point we vent down an incline
to n cross-cut. We found that second
second cross-out out to the hanging and
there We found a good wall. We found sell
vcges. We next passed to the third cross-
cut and there We found a good wall, we'll
defined, selveges eighteen inches thick.
some striae on the wall rock. CO there ia
on almost all these exposures.
II will mention that these striae on The
wall rock arc more marked in this mine
than in any mine l have ever seen in this
part Of the country, and they are as we'll
marked up here US they are down in the
Cruise level. in tho third orossout below
this level are sixteen inches of s~elvepe. The
wall 10 we'll marked. We then passed on
down to the fourth level; We followed out
the orossout to the wall, and found tho
Same Indications; there We found three
feet of selvege we'll marked, and the mat
ter of the vein IL very much changed from
what IL was in any places above. more min
eralized. Down in the next level there Ia
about two feet with all the marks of a wall
Jocl, n the vein matter ia quite as dis
tinct. From that point we follow out this
level, which seems to be OH the foot wall,
along the foot wall. and the vein here al
the bottom seems to be under the foot wall.
aud these cuts all pass up into that vein
and through it into the hanging wall. Then
there IL u level we run west, which goes
through the states and strikes the granite;
. knn au -..-,a~ --