Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-03-04

ing received in the election by the people 90
electoral votes, Adams 81. Crawford Al and
Clay 81. The choice of President having been
thrown into the House Clay used his influence
In favor OF Adams. who was elected over Jack
son. who had received 10 more votes than Adams
had. When Adams made Clay his Secretary
OF State the Jackson partisans charged that
there had been a bargain between Clay and
Adams and that Adams had secured Claws sup
port in the House by promising him the fast
place in the cabinet The custom up to that
time had been to make the Secretary Of
State the succeeding President. Political
feeling ran high and John Randolph charac Ter
lied this alleged bargain as "a coalition be-
tweer. Blifl and Black George, the Puritan and
the black Leg" which. it il asserted, led to a
duel between Clay and Randolph, which. fortu-
nately, was without serious result. Despite
these charges, Adams held on 10 Clay
as his Secretary Of State and retained
Writ, Southland and Mclean, who had
been associated with him in Monroes cabinet.
In spite Of the fact that his administration
favored many principles espoused by the wings,
be resisted the "spoils system" and declined to
remove from Office even the men who had Wig
orouslv opposed him, while Jackson, disap-
pointed at his own failure. promised a clean
sweep if he should be elected next time. Jack
sons promises successful. and in tho next
presidential election he received IFS electoral
votes aginst S3 for Adams.
Jacksons cabinet experiences were Of a de-
cidedly stormy nature, even more SO than those
which had characterized tho cabinet expert
ences of Washington and John Adams. They
were, too, of o less exalted order for the quar-
res in Tie cabinets Of Washington and Adams
were those of statesmen of high rank and grew
out of differences of opinion OF state matters,
or Mt the worst their political and personal am
billions. Not SO altogether, however, in the
case of Jackson, who had no less than nineteen
members of his cabinet from first to last jack
son began his cabinet circus with the selection
OF Van Buren, as Secretary Of State. Ingham.
Secretary OF the Treasury; Eaton, Secretary OF
War; Branch, Secretary OF tine Navy; Berrien,
Attorney General. and Barry. Postmaster Gem
erai. Those. compared with the earlier cabinet
officers such an Hamilton, Pickering. Monroe,
Madison and Galla,in we're obscure names.
Besides this cabinet he brought in the first
Kitchen cabinet" He looked upon his sec
retaries as clerks and made his confidential
advisers few men who held no important
Office, among them Amos Kendall. Duff Green,
W. B. Lewis and Isaac Hill. These four came
to be known the Kitchen cabinet" which
term has been retained to the present day and
variously applied to differen: advisers Of differ
ent administrations. Green and Hill were
editors Of partisan newspapers and Lewis had
been active in training Jackson for the presi-
DENTAL race in 1921. Jackson, who was en-
Uttered by his former defeat for the presi-
dency. and who believed in putting his own
partisans in Office, entered upon a Wholesale
slaughter of Office holders Of opposite politics,
and between March 4, 1929. and March 70,
1880. had made 2. 900 changes in office as against
seventy-four which had been made in all pre-
ceding administrations. among his appoint
ments being some fifty newspaper owners
or writer's. 1t was at this time that
the celebrated phrase "to the yictors be-
long the spoils' originated with William L.
Marcy OF New York, who made this declaration
in a speech in the Senate in 1881. Nothing was
too bad for Jackson to believe Of Adams and
Clay and his wholesale removals were prompted
by the desire to turn the rascals out" This
demoralizing policy led to differences in his
official family, particularly between Vice Presi-
dent Calhoun and the Secretary of State, Van
Buren, who were rival aspirsnts for the presi-
cabinet also made things hot for the legitimate
cabinet and there was trouble. The most
prominent cabinet difficulties. however, arose
with reference to the wife Of his Secretary Of
War, Mrs. Eaton. Secretary Eaton had married
Mrs. Timberlake, who was formerly the boau-
tirul Peggy O'Neil, and with whose name and
reputation gossip had been busy. The wives
Of the other secretaries refused to recognize
Mrs. Eaton, ~ did also Mrs. Calhoun, the wife Of
the Vice President. jackson took Mrs. Eaton's
part with his customary vigor and earnest
ness. There were some peculiar reasons why
Jackson befriended any woman thus attacked,
for his own experience and that Of his wife
bad led him to intense feelings in this regard.
Jacksons wife had in her early womanhood
married unfortunately and was deserted by her
husband. After a long absence and, bearing
that the Virginia legislature had granted . d.
vorce, abe married jackson, but learned two years
afterward that the divorce had not yet been
completed. When the divorce was completed
Jackson procured new license and the mar
riage ceremony was again performed, but this
incident was brought against Nrs. Jaokson