The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-17
VOTES ov SCIENCE AND 1sDusrnE

| The fact Is well understood that. for years
chemists have known that precisely the same
elements necessary for nmmoniacal mnnufac-
lures are to lie found in the heated vapors OF
the blast furnace which have boon allowed to 7
go to waste-the tremendous heat MS Prof
Markoc puts 1t. seeming to negative their
| utilization. hut under pressure OF neces- y
| sity a means to that end has been
| found which, 1t Is declared, Is n COM
| mercial success. In Scotland. especially the >
progress With mparativeiy short time has
| been very rapid in this line about 80 per cent.
| OF the furnaces in that country having boon
| capped" tho heated gas being carried through
miles Of condensers aud tho products savs-
! TIL" magnitude and value Of this Important
adxan"e n chemistry may be Judged by the
mcts is greater in cost than is tho blast fur
| nncc Itself and IN some OF tho furnaces the
the tar and tar products are OF great value
| The announcement is made in the English
| journals OF some new alloys for the manufac-
ture Of horing and cutting tools. tho claim be-
| Ing made for tho now substances that they
possess hardness equal to that OF tempered
steel. with the additional advantage OF not los =
| Ing their hardness when heated by friction. In
| the production of those valuable alloys pig
iron. ferro- manganese. chromi um. and tungsten
are melted together in graphite cruclbles'
under stick charcoal and calcined borax. the
crncibles together with the bar iron. the nickel,
SS SnD ara aImmn a. being subsequently
stick charcoal only and the alloys are cast In .
sand moplds in the usual manner For nail.
machines, cutting out tools. and similar en-,
poyments the alloy consists Of a certain COM
bnation OF pig iron. Swedish bar iron. ferro. !.
manganese. chromium. tungsten. aluminium.
nickel. and copper
On one OF the Kentucky railways Is q re-l
markable little locomotive. having eight
wheels. all drivers. but the length OF the wheel
base. or distance between front and rear axle.
is only sixteen feet. 1t weighs but eight tons.
being designed to work on steep grades and
curves and has hauled train Of four empty
cars, weighing sixteen thousand pounds. up
a grade of six hundred feet to the mile. and
around curves of fifty feet radius. where tho
grade was four hundred and fifty feet to the
mile, at a speed Of twelve miles an hour IL
has but one pair Of cylinders which are rigid
wheels are carried under two trucks. one at \
each end ard both able to turn about centre
THE front and rear axies. that is. the Grat axle
on the front truck and the last axle on the sec-
side being sufficiently large to permit second
axle TO run through. the connecting rods driv-
IiSs and TIC motion is eo@mupi:ated to the
tubular afles by universal Joints at their
outer axes are n not s aaG par%e but the
rotation 1f the former forces the latter to re-
the truck are driven. As. the cylinder is mid: .
on each face Of the piston. and the forward
stroke for the wheels under the front OF the
Hitherto the process in brush making Of
punching the brstles and drawing them into
the holes has been performed by hand. A
machine OF peculiar ingenuity has Just been
invented for this purpose the bristles being
al md in hnn uhnra fhav hnrf
zontally at right angles on the top Of q disk.
which. by means OF treadle, is caused to par,
TALLY rotate, first il one direction and then IN
Under r. the bristies some Of them entes
int the noicL before The h.. disk 81
nd Closes p tie Of the tie noteh the
then comes back and carries away the tuft-of
The operative. The whole qrraneem emit 4 that
aaPe% @ the Eos tie % eassns
cIal needle iIttsd to a Clamp Which is held in
the right hand; the loop being automatically
tUft Of brsss pnls o he Sire and thus draW
the bristles into the hole.
Additional tests. OF a satisfactory character
have been made OF new artificial fuel. pro-
duced by the admixture Of a white dry pow
der with coal dust in certain proportions.
Pitch is the combining medium almost uni
versaly employed for utilizing coal waste. but
it involves certain practical objections In stor-
age and use which. 1t L. claimed. are. overcome
powder employed IN this case Is not made
substances. both OF viii en- are plenti iHl andin-
expensive. and do not give out noXous fumes
enees Whatever Spo ss The Boiler plates or nes
Tests show that az, compared with an
arc s ni Ssao % ~Sss % this
b99r furnace: That Is. 1t was found that tts
30a ]. while with blocks Of the new material It
was 2OnGhthis eomp,mting twenty pounds Of =
to l indicated horse power: reel oninR, how. :,
ever. fifteen pounds of water per hour as equal
to indicated horse power. as Is customary
with the best triple expansion engines. the
total i horse power ewGISr . Win the bricks
The winding up OF textile fabrics or piece
goods into rolls, as they come from the loom.
is now proposed to be accomplished by a re-
Gently contrived device. designed to secure
greater evenness and regular lty. Briefly de-
scribed. the motion from the sword or arm OF
the loom is taken by means Of stud. on
which u connecting rod work rs. this being ut
tached to lever with sl1t In one e, end: so az
Of connecting rod adjustable for long or
short strokes by means OF the slot ., The other
the framework OF the loom. attached to this
lever being also d smaller one which works
ratchet wheel rtted with two stop levers.
This ratchet wheel works on stud fastened
10 plate bracket bolted to the end Of the loom.
the same ratchet wheel carrying pinions of
per inch required in the fabric: the second
wheel works on Il stud which moves in q slot
In the same plate as the stud OF the ratchet
wheel. and It carries pinlons which work the
third wheel fastened on the end Of the roller
Tor drawing on the fabric. tho surface OF which
s rouRhened to draw Oh the fabric
,yenly The fabric Is wound on roller under
hp al r
weights are attached by ropc or chain work
ing over u pulley. TO keep the fabric tight to
he draw & on roller. which adjusts itself to
he quantity Of material wound on.
Among the recent experimental processes
with iron and other metals IL Il new process OF
4 LIZ.