davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
LABOR UNION MEN

Condemn the Board of Education-
Want Things Their Own Way-Will
Obtain Legal Advice and Fight for
the Enforcement OF the Vote Passed
Mt the Recent District Meeting-A
Protest Adopted Against tho Re-
election of Certain ORciaIs-A Spicy
Meeting.
Delegates from the twenty seven branch
ca of the Central Labor union met in
Trades Council hall yesterday afternoon
to consider what action should be taken
by the organization in reference to the
question of having the new manual train
ing school and high school constructed
only by union men and of union materi
ais. The body remained in session over
three hours and concurred in disspproval
of the board of education's position in the
case.
The speakers were especially incensed at
the action of the board, which they claimed
went out of its way to down the labor
men and shift the blame to some one else
by referring the vote to Ex-Governor Inger-
soil for decision as to its legality. They
claimed that the ex-governor was not q
friend to the labor element and that 1t was
to be expected that he would render the
decision he did. They also condemned the
board for not calling q second town meet
ing, notwithstanding the fact that q pc
tition asking for one had been sent to the
board signed by all the branches of the
organization and by twenty-t three outside
taxpayers.
The members of the union finally after q
lengthy discussion voted to obtain legal ad
vice and fight the contest to finish no
matter at what cost. After obtaining this
legal advice the union will again visit the
board of education and try to secure the
granting of the petition asking for a second
district meeting at which time the whole
| matter can be settled, and declare that q
| call for this meeting should have been
issued long ago.
The union also claim that the business
was legally before the last district meeting
| and was included in the words of the call
''and to do such other business as lie
| proper to come before said meeting" In
| addition to this, they claim that the fact
| that the labor men were going to
| introduce a resolution calling for the EN-.
| ployment of union men and union material
| had been announced in the news columns
of the various city papers, and this was
sufficient advertisement. At meeting Of
the labor men held after the adjournment
of the meeting of the Central Labor unior
the following preamble and resolution wer.
unanimously adopted:
| Whereas, There has been general desir,
on the part of the public to place in posi-
tions of trust men whose honesty and in
tegrity cannot be doubted, and,
| Whereas, The present officials hav
proved oonclusive]y that they are wanting
In business acumen and have no desire tt
satisfy the public in the ministration O.
their duties; therefore be it
Resolved, That we, citizens Of the tow
of New Haven, protest against the re- cleo
| ton of those officials and call upon all cit
liens of New Haven to cooperate with u
in our endesvors to secure honest govern
| ment
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
The Hon. Nathaniel wheeler.

BRIDGEPORT, Oct. 29.-We regret to learn
that the condition of Mr. Nathaniel Wheeler
is not very encouraging. Since the attack
of malarial poisoning from which he suf-
fered last summer he has not rallied, and
complications have arisen which have con-
tributed to produ ce state of extreme anae
mia and prostration. Drs. Janeway and
Loomis of New York, who have seen him,
agree with his family physician, DR.. Blod-
get, In regarding his illness as very serious
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
CONNECTICUT DISPATCHES.

Latest News From All Quarters
Suicide OF a New Haven Young Man
I'm Hartford-Flre in Danbury-Rob-
bery-New Britain saloons to Close
Tomorrow Night-Fire In Middle.
town.
DANBURY, Oct. 29.-Chsrles Ksulbresch,
of Phil Simon on White street, robbed the
money drawer of $50. Kaulbresch belongs
in New York and had been In Mr.. Simon's
employ but two weeks. His whereabouts
are unknown.
The dwelling house of ]. Pomeroy at No.
II Franklin street was damaged by fire at
o'clock this morning. The flames orig
mated near the furnace. Loss IS, 500. In
sured.
HARTFORD, Dot. 29.-Charles E. Thomp-
son, a well known young man of Hartford
| society and the son-in-lsw of Sanford F.
Bronson of the Hartford Life Annuity
company, committed suicide at the resi-
dence of his father-in-law late yesterday
afternoon by shooting himself. He leaves
a wife and three children. The report
1 OIL bu6 6utC1uC CtChtCo bOuctuluH VI
a sensation about the city, but the family
made every effort to suppress the
facts in the case and but few of
the particulars were obtained. 1t
| was learned, however, that the young
| man went to his room yesterday afternoon
| and shot himself through the body several
times, and as result died in an hour. The
cause of his rash act was that he could
not support his wife and three children in
style as he wished. Brooding over his
misfortunes have lately led to intemper-
| son married Miss Bronson when he was
less than twenty years of age, much
against the wishes of the girls parents,
and for some years the Bronsons refused
to recognize the young people. A short
time ago, however, they were forgiven and
came to this city to live at the Bronson
residence. Mrs. Bronson has since con.
tinued her objections to Thompson and
they frequently quarrelled. Thompson
belongs in New Haven and the funeral will
probably be there.
NEW BRITAIN, Oct 29-AIl saloons In
this city will be closed after next Tuesday
night, as all licenses expire at that time
and as the town has voted emo license" new
ones will not be granted.
MIDDLETowN, Oct. 29.-The large barr
owned by Robert P. Hubbard at West Long
Hill, two miles from this city, was burned t.
the ground early this morning with mos
of its contents, entailin9 loss of $12. 600
The contents included 10 tons of tobacco
100 bushels of oats, 100 bushels of barley
400 bushels of potatoes, 40 bushels O.
wheat. so tons of hay, farming machiner,
and produce. 1t is believed that the FIR
was set by gang of young thieves VIII
have had grudge against Mr.. Hubbard
since last summer.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
Death of Mrs. Maria Gard.

Mrs. Maria B. Card died at her late resi-
dsnce, 40 Henry street, Saturday after
noon of cancer from which she had been a
constant sufferer for over two years. The
funeral services will be held at her late
residence at 1890 O'Clock this morning,
sitter which the remains will be taken to
Norwich where the mother and sisters of
the deceased reside. The interment will
take place in Jewett City, Conn.
Mrs. Gard was the plaintiff in the well
known Csrd-Foote litigation which has
been periodically ventilated in the courts
since 1885.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
EhIe Violently Insane.

Charles Ehle will doubtless be committed
to the insane asylum at Middletown by the
probate court this morning. He is vio-
lently insane, having been taken to the
almshouse from his boarding house on
Union street, where he was fourishing q
revolver and threatening to kill everyone in
the house last Wednesday.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30

~ST w o'mut-
ton sleeves and "a inches
long. A frst-class tailor
made Jacket which many a
retailer gets $3.50 for-Big
Store price $I4.5o
Fetching Fur Capes of
Coney, English Seal; Astra-
chan and Marten, $4.oS,
$3.50, $3.50, $1,000 to $1,000.
WINDOW BEAUTIES
Some are tempted to think
of this Lace Curtain Sale as
a sort of hoax. They're sus-
picious of the quality, the
age, the size. The condi-
tons are abnormal we'll
admit, speaking relatively as
to Price and quality. Find
us one out of a hundred
buyers willing to sell them
back to us and we'll give you
the pair. Bromley's Mott
ingham Curtains, Irish Point
and Brussels patterns in
ecrue and white, 50 to $I.o8
a pair.
HOSIERY, UNDERWEAR
Quick cash does wonders
for us and so for you. Think
of this
loO dozen Ladies' imported full regular
made Fancy Hose. stainless black boot at
10 cents, regularly % cents pair. Hur-
Ladies heavy Merino so cent Vests and
drawers III aN viii go like snow before the sun
No slower sale on the heavy Merino 80 cent
kind at 81 cents each
But Will Children'S fine all wool Vests that
We're 50 to IS cents go fast at from IS to
SO cents Win they?
Children's Is cent heavy Cotton Hose at
Ladies' fine drop stitch Hose worth So
cents, will go quick at IS cents pair. "
ABOUT SHOES
Lilies winter pathway is
made smoother, by smooth,
warm, health-saving, money
saving foot wear. Most
Women, Misses and Children
have realized the sum of
these qualities in our popu-
lar department now amply
filled with all possible foot re-
qulrements for street or
house use. Have you seen
the Shoe Window, Chapel
Street, corner entrance?
SHARP SELLING
Monday the last day of the
Ladies' Muslin Underwear
Sale at Center Counter. One
day is as good as a dozen if
you use it. SIPS Gowns for
oS cents and others worth
from $I.3S to $I.4S for
$I.oo.
Drawers of heavy muslin,
finely trimmed in various
ways, SO, SO and Is cents. |
Six styles in the latter price. |
All the above are put togeth- |
er to stay.
FURNITURE
Common buying judgment |
runs a good deal like this +;
cheap enough if it's good and
none too good unless too
high priced. We prefer GUS
toners back on our hands
rather than Furniture. This
does it
Five piece Parlor Suits, crushed plush
tor M assorted colors, carved oak frame,
p o.oo antique finish and handsome.
Six piece Parior Suits In Wilton rugs
20 polished Cherry frame and hand
oo.%o somely trimmed.
Overstuffed piece Parlor Suits In
t.1ro three colors Brocatee, plush trim
pr ~ med, heavy fringe.
Parlor Suits, same as above except |
RI heavy imported Wilton rugs used
~. ~ instead Of Brocatele.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
s1,s17,tOl So ss33,174 es s1.4-s,498 Z

On Wednesday of this week the semi
annual coupons from $4,000, 900 Housa-
tonic R. R. gold per cent. bonds will be
payable at the Farmers Loan and Trust
company of New York city. At the same
time the coupons on 1925 900 New Haven
and Derby K R. consolidated fves will be
paid. The interest ON both the above mort
cages ia now guaranteed under lease by
the New York, New Haven and Hartford
R. R company. The Chicago Rock Island
and Pacific will pay the usual quarterly
dividend of per cent. November /.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
FINANCIAL NOTES

OF Interest to New Haven Investors.
The New Baven Clearing House reports
the clearings and balances for the 4th week
in October of this year and last year. The fig
ures of the year continue to show decrease.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
Veru Road IL ace.

The following riders have entered the
second Veru ten-mile handicap road race,
to be held tomorrow afternoon over the
Pequot course: William Il. Ainscoe, p. T.
Catlin, Thomas Cox, Nathan F. Greene,
James Langt, 81. F. Mckenzie, B. NJ. Pres
colt and Lawrence W. Sullivan.
The race will be conducted like the first
Veru race, for the best advantage of riders
and spectators. Each rider will carry both
number and color and the spectators will
be furnished programs which will enable
them to identify each rider and keep a
memorandum of his time and position. 1t
will be the most interesting race ever run
in New Haven and will repay anyone for a
trip to Morris Cove.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30

a friend in need. Don't
have to bundle up so with
one of these. They protect
the a0eak spots, that's the
main thing. Fit like a book
and yield with every move
you make. There they are
right on the table for sharp
est scrutiny.
Mems Furnishings
The following statement
speaks for the lively interest
in the voting contest. One
vote cast with every one
dollars worth of goods bought.
st. Francis Orphan Asylum, 1880
Mothees Aid and Leila Day Nursery, 40
st. Rose Guild, Bis
Sterling Lodge, A. o. U. w, 4oI
Grace Hospital, 2H
James T. Mullen Council. No. Go, 227
S Sew Haven Fsra @ Orphan 1aana Asylum ~
New Haven Hospital. 60
st. Johns Catholic Club, 81
Sacred Hart Catholic Club, q
Harugar Singing Society, 90
Seam M Bethel IS
Pyramid Lodge, A. o.U.w, SO
Columbia Council, K of O., 50
Christian Endeavor 80
City Lodge No. SO, 81
Grand Division of Conn, S. O. T., %
st. Patrick's T. ALB, .
Young, Mems Christian Association, .
0hve!Brand Lodge, Westyflle,
Santa Maria Council K OF c., q
Grand Canton Sassacus, 20
Admiral Foote Post G. A. R., 20
Masonic Blue Lodge, 10
st. Domnck's, IS
Hiram Lodge, IL
Israel Putnam Lodge, 16
st. Ignatius, l6
San Salvador Council K. ofC, II
Henry c. Merwin Post, G. A R., II
knights Tempiars n II commandry, 10
Christian Star Lodge, 10
New Haven Aid Society Q
Band of Mercy Elm City No cess, 9
Young Women's Christian Association,
st. Patrick's Y NJ. L, o
n. II. Turner'S Society," s
Old Ladies' Home
Co D. National Blues,
Dorcht Lodge, Z
Skandia Singing Society 6
WOmsns Christian 65Tisia temperance Union. g
n. H Lodge No. SC.
Daughters of Rebecca,
East Rock Lodge, 3
Relief Lodge No. sc,
Harmonic Club.
Conn. Rock Lodge,
Momanguin Lodge A. o. U. W.,
Knights OF Golden Eagle
Court Goethe Forestersl
State Hospital,
Humboldt Lodge, :
ST. AIMS Guild, 4
Knights of Honor, 3
Court Quinnipiac, 3
Council,
Wooster Lodge,
Davenport Council r. A,
Bricklayers A. A,
German American. A. A,
Ladies' Seamen's Friend Society.
New Haven Poultry A. A..
Veteran Volunteers Firemen's ASS,
Court Herman Forestersl
Hall Coax St
Society.
Clan Mcleod o. S C.,
Garfield. o. U. A. NJ,
Arion Singing Society,
of Locomotive Eneineers No "a, ]
conn. Training School Of Nurses
Home OF the Friendless
: o. Railway Conductors,
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
The Empress se-Ling-she

Invented the silk loom 2640 B. O. That
il why ladies crowd the Oriental Art
rooms at 1906 Chapel street, opposite
Osborn Hall. Miss Kunz, who ia In charge,
is showing the softest of downy pillows
covered with rich Japanese and India Silks
and Japanese Crepes,-the only place in
the city where they are to be obtained.
The rich colorings. unique figures and ex-
quisite hand embroidery emphasizes ORR
entail magniGcence. The prices are mod
crate. You have a very wide choice.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30

From ING Land OF IItIpUs
A special exhibition and sale of Japan
csc tea and chocolate pots and after dinner
cups will commence to morrow in the ORR
entail Art rooms, 1905 Chapel street. oppo-
site Osborn hall
The finer ware in this lot of Oriental
curios rank with the best shown at the
great fair.
Each piece ia a triumph of Japanese art
and patience, and the colorings are very
pleasing. The prices commence at SIS
each.
Miss Kupz, the experienced lady In
charge. will be glad to point out the hid
den charms of these eastern wonders,
which. once known, adds to the estimate
in which they are held.
The Oriental Art company's rooms are q
perfect treasure house of rare wonders.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
WARD INTEREsTED.

TWO Meetings Will he Held Wednes-
day Which Will Interest Nearly
Every H esident of the Ward.
The residents of the Seventh ward will
undoubtedly be present In large numbers
at the City ball Wednesday evening. On
that evening Aldermen Morgan and We'll,
constituting the aldermanic portion of the
committee on licenses, will meet and take
action upon the petition of the Standard
Oil company for permission to erect tank
and buildings near the Tin bridge juno
ton. The resident of the ward are op
posed, almost to man, to the granting of
the petition, and very interesting meet
ing may be anticipated.
On the same evening the committee on
ordinances, Aldermen Chatfield and Burke
and Councilmen Bishop, Reif and Parish,
will meet and hear the residents of the
ward who favor and oppose the petition
pending before the court of common coun-
Gil providing for the dividing of the ward
into two or more polling places. The poll,
ticians are very much interested in tie
question, and will probably be out In full
force.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
FELL ACROSS A STEAM PIPE.
Horace Kitchard Badly Burned, Blu
Will

VIII Recover.
Horace P. Kitchard, aged twenty seven
years, while at work in the engine house in
the railroad cut in the annex Saturday af-
ternoon fell across one of the large steam
pipes and was horribly burned about the
chest and abdomen. He was taken to the
hospital suffering intense pain. Last night
he was resting comfortably as could be
expected and it was believed he would re-
cover. Kitchard had only been in the city
few days, having come here from New
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30

Joseph F. Mcfarland, ex- financial clerk
to the town agent, has left town. He ia
accompanied by his wife and is thought to
have gone to New York, where he has q
number of friends. SIT is expected that
he will remain away from New Haven
until things have blown over"
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30

Twenty per cent. saved by purchasino
Wsdging gifts ct Silverthsu's, 100 Chapel 81,
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30

will sell the furnishings in the resi-
dence, 33 Warren street, Tuesday, October
81, at 10 a. m. Carpets, black walnut
dining room set liable. sideboard and
chsirs), hall stand, table furniture, pic
lures, etc. B. Booth, Auotioneer.
N. B. Sale, rain or shine, and goods
must be taken day of sale. o2S St
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
monday, October 80, 1898.


NEW EMENIS fun Ao-DA Z.
Accident Policies-Fred R Loydon.
A Pointer-The Chas. Monson Co
Brandreth's Pills-At Druggists
Chrysanthemum Crepe-Ewen Mcintyre co.
Daily Chat-Maley. Nicely & Co. ~
Elm City Private Observation-Disclosures Big.
Entertaiument-Grand Opera boose.
observation-disclosures Wonderland.
Ely's Cream Balm-At Druggists.
For Rent-House-38 Olive Street.
For Rent-Flat-686 State Street.
Grand Shopping Emporium-F NJ. Brown q TO-
House Outftters-Peck & Averill.
Long Island scollogs-Grand Avenue Brioge.
Mahogany Dressers-1134 Chapel Street.
Wraps-Chase & Co
wanted-Filling-532 State Street.
Wanted-Girl-310 State Street.
Wanted-Situation-4 Day Street.
Wanted-Situation-F E. O., This Office.
Wanted-Situation-1O Orange Street.
Notwithstanding Frank Street.
Notwithstanding West Street.
Wanted-Situation-S, This ONCE.
Wanted-Situations 800 Chapel street.
Wanted-Situations-775 chapel street.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30


Go RI med with silk plush, rufied All a
pOo. ~ round, large drum arms and fringe.
heavy Brocatelle Suit: Biscuit tuff-
pI4.OO ted, really superb AFFAIR
Watch Tuesdays Papers
for tie other half Of this list.
Furniture, Second Floor.
SPECIAL.-OsOfne to tie
tremendous sale Of Silks and
Dress Goods during tie past
aoeek there has accumulated an
immense lot Of Short
Lengths" to 6esoM Monday on
double quick time at I-2 orig |
znaL prizes.
THE LINENS
81 X "a Fringed White
Sets $2.75 S-4 X 1914
Fringed White Sets $500
Same sizes as above in
colored boarder Sets at the
same prices.
10 pieces 6S-inch bleached
German Table Damask at IS
cents a yard, regular 90 cent
goods. 72-inch bleached
Scotch Table Damask at 90
cents a yard, worth $I.25.
The above two items are Sc
lected and priced with espec-
ial reference to Thanksgiving
Dinners.
THE HOUSEHOLD .
Are the Dishes good
enough for Thanksgiving?
Will there be enough to 60
around? At this rate you
could easily treat the COM
pany to an entire new set.
Decorated Dinner Sets, best
English ware Gas pieces,
$7.e7.
AMONG LACES
A choice of Laces at IS
cents a yard becomes signih-
can't when we say-Oriental
Laces, fine quality, beautiful
designs in open work and
delicate traceries in floral
effects, s inches wide, in
| fifteen patterns.
Maybe it's a triae late for Lawn Ties, but
it's never too late to save money. Five
Lawn Ties, with embroidered ends, for
few very choice Null Ties, embroidered
in colors, Is cents each, worth 80 cents.
HALF GONE
About IS dozen left of that
lot of rejected Corsets. A
leading New York house did
MT want them because they
we're not perfect. Our La
dy buyers fof the other rs
dozen know how insignificant
the defect is. A little hitch
in the embroidery, otherwise
a perfect $3.50 Corset be-
comes yours at oS cents.
Sizes IS to 30 double side steels, French
, horn long wasted; coiors white and
, drab, made from the best Sateen by
Manufacturers of the celebrated " Son
| nette."
But we keep anything you
can ask for in the Corset
Line as illustrated in Chapel
St. corner window.
THE FROST KING
Not very cold yet but its
the part of wisdom to get
ready
| f4SSAA for the
TN4 ugliest
SaS53 kind O
~ weather
!: J: !: ]. ]. |. !; |.
NJ - possible
H& L8 \ Men
jS& N IN who are
,GR ~ easy
j\1g &YHEN cold-cat
N/ifes.Sas3.X cheers
WI1N, = H&.> find
fWl " w FROST
49, N KING
Jacket
a friend in need. Don't
| have TO bundle I'M so with
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
MALLEY, NEELY Il co.
NEW HAVEN, Monday, Oct 80. 1898.
Pc
THE veatAer to-aay--Fa.r
TELEPHONE
No. S23.
TELEPHONE
No. S23.

$4,000 IN gold aOiU be
presented BY as an three gifts
of 500, 900 and 200 dollars
to the Society, Club, Military,
C1vtc or Religious orguuisa-
tson receiOlmg tie greatest,
second greatest and third
greatest number Of 0OkeS BY
IAN. 1st. One cote may be
cast for every $I.oo s00rth Of
goods purchased IN one day.
DRESS GOODS
Out of a little more SHOW
ing and shifting and saving
and pounding has come the
shapely shelving under the
great skylight for popular
priced Dress fabrics. Mon
day will express what we
mean, on this wise.
One lot of Ramsey Plaids at 10 cents, worth
IS cents. One lot of Matte worsteds
at 10 cents, worth 30 cents.
One lot of Novelty Basket Weaves at p
cents, worth 40 cents. One lot OF IS
worth so cents.
One lot of As inch all wool
Fancy Scotch Suiting at IS
cents, worth IS cents. .
| One LOT of all wool Serpes,
fine twill at SO cents, worth
90 cents.
Prices on Phoenix Silks are
carrying them rapidly off
but above all things don't
miss the lot of two-toned,
small figured Chameleon
Silks that we're $I.25 but now
reduced to 50 cents. Agar
we point with pride to tina
silent but expressive orator
the 10lv0oa0 at new entrance.
CLOAKS, WRAPS, FURS
This is another from GU
extensive collection of sea
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30
.COrSetS-
sole Agents for the Gel,

sole Agents for the celebrated
French p ID. COnsets ia CoulIl
Saieen and satin, In black. while
and drab.
Thompson's Glove FITTING. T. d C.,
Warner Bros, Looais' Moulded.
Balls and French Woven.
Ferris Waists for Ladies'. Misses and
Children Double Y Waists fuI
Misses and Children
An array Of Clothing Comforts for Infants and
Children thai will gladden. every mothers
heart.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1893-10-30

Mean temperature. 45.
Max temperature So.
Min. temperature, 40.
Precipitation, @ inches.
Max. velocity OF wind, 25W.
degrees.
deficiency of precipitation since January /
1.42 inches.
81. J. COX, Observer.
Note.-A minus sign II preflxed to thermom-
eter readings indicates temperature below zero.
"T' in connection with rainfall indicates
trace Of rainfall too small to measure.
ssnow is melted and resulting depth OF water
not known.