davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA.
No Trace of Wreckage in the Deepest of
 the Oceans Depth.

2
 the Oceans Depth.
 An extraordinary circumstance that has been noticed with interest and that always creates surprise when first learned is the entire absence of foreign matter in the deepest part of the oceans floor. Of all the vessels lost in mid-ocean; of all the human beings that have been drowned; of all the marine animals that have perished; of all the clay, sand and gravel let fall by dissolving icebergs; of all the va- rious substances drifted from every shore by shifting currents, no trace remains, but in their place water from one thousand to twenty-five hundred fathoms in depth covers the uniform deposit of thick, bluish, tenacious slime called globigerina ooze, says the Cosmopolitan Magazine.
 A bit of this under powerful lens is declared to be a revelation of beauty not readily forgotten. The ooze is composed almost entirely of the dain- tiest, most delicately beautiful shells imaginable. At depths greater than twenty-five hundred fathoms the bot tom of the sea consists mainly of prod uct arising from exposure, for almost incalculable periods, to the chemical action of sea water, of pumice and other volcanic matters.
 This finally results in the formation of red clay deposits that are considered characteristic of the profoundest depths of the ocean. Carbonate of lime, which in the form of shells of foraminifera makes up so large part of the globigerina ooze, is here almost entirely absent.
 Soda water is very nearly universal solvent, and before any shell, large or small, reaches the bottom of these tre- mendous abysms it is chemically eaten up, literally dissolved-a result which the enormous pressure of the water must materially hasten.
 At one thousand fathoms the weight of the water pressure on all sides of an object immersed to that depth is very nearly one ton to the square inch, or more than one hundred times that sustained at the sea level, and at the greatest depth the pressure is so in- creased. that it would seem nothing could withstand it; in fact, heavy metal cylinders let down with the sounding apparatus are sometimes, on being drawn up again to the surface, found bent and collapsed; strongly made glass vessels which the metal in- closed are shattered into fragments.
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
UNDERGROUND AvALANCHEs.

Evidences of Subterranean Convulsions Among the Mountains of Pennsylvania.
 The curious phenomenon formerly exciting the wonder of people living in the vicinity of Thick Head and Sand mountains, south of Tusseyville, Gen. ter county, Pa., which has not been noticed for five years, has made it's pres ence known again. For twelve years, at irregular intervals, the dwellers in that part of Center county had been dis turbed by loud and mysterious noises which came from the ground between the two mountains named. In the spring of 1888 these noises were heard daily, with increased volume, for a week. The noises, according to the Chicago Herald, were sometimes like the rumble of distant thunder and then like the deadened crash of thunder heard in the air close by. On the sev- enth day of this protracted disturbance beneath these two mountains resi- dent of Tusseyville was climbing Thick Head mountain, when the rumbling began in the mountain op- posite. At first it was deep and low, and it increased in violence until it be- came as the tumult of a mass of rock rolling down a mountain side. The person who heard the sounds said that they convinced him that they were caused by subterranean avalanche, as it began at the very top of the mountain, increasing in violence and speed as it went down, and terminal ing m terrible crash at the bottom.
 After that day the Thick Head noises ceased, and were not heard again until week ago, when they began just as they had terminated in a similar sub terranean land or rock slide, except that this time the hidden avalanche oc- cured somewhere in the depth of Thick Head mountain, instead of in Sand mountain. In Potter county, Pa., between Roulette and Burtville, is hill in which rumblings of the same nature are heard at irregular inter- vals. This elevation is called Thunder hill, and it rises from the south bank of the Allegheny river. The noises that occur in this hill sometimes make the earth tremble for long distance around, and they have been heard for mile away. The theory of local saw ants is that a strong vein of natural gas underlies the hill, and that when the great retort is disturbed by some un- derground convulsion it rises in it's might and tumbles rocks and things around in the confines of the hill until everything huns. Still no one has con- fideIce enough in this theory to hand out the money that is being asked for to send a drill down into the alleged gas cauldron, let out it's treasure and make everybody in that bailiwick rich.
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
INDUSTRIAL INSTABILITY.
The Elect of Invention Upon Un-
 skilled Labor.
As Consequence of New Mechanical Ap- pliances Domestic Servants Have Become Much
 Scarcer.

"While the political movements of the century have changed the person
 mel of domestic servants in America,
 the development of the material re-
 sources of the country has affected their status. Before the present cen tury employees of every kind were in a sense stationary" writes Lucy NJ. Sal mon in the New England Magazine.
 E'This was due partly to a system of indenture which bound a servant for seven, five, or four years, and to the system of slavery which bound the servant for life; partly to the system of apprenticeship which made the servant member. of the family of his master; partly to the custom prevail ing in country districts and small towns for unmarried workmen in all industries to board with their employ CTS, and partly to the lack of facilities for cheap and easy means of comInuni- cation between different sections of the country. There was no mobility of labor as regards either employment or place of employment-a fact true alike of domestic service and of other occupations. But this, condition of af- fairs is changed. The establishment Of the factory system of manufactures and the consequent substitution of mechanical for skilled processes of la Dor broke down the system of appren- ticeship, and workmen in every occu- patton, except domestic service, ceased to be members of the families of their employers. A greater mobility of la Dor was made possible. At a later time the great era of railroad develop ment and similar enterprises gave op- portunity for certain mobility as re- gards place of employment.
 "All of these industrial movements have been important factors in chang ing the condition and character of do- mestic service. It is true in general sense that every. great change in economic conditions affects all other occupations, even those not primarily concerned in it But domestic service has been affected in certain specific ways. The employe who disliked homework, but to whom no other oc- cupation had been open, could go into lclSOOI1SS StLII HILLS SInCS nO WdS consumed in learning the simple proc esses of mechanical work. Every in- vention formed the basis for new oc- cupation. Domestic service had hun dred competitions in field where be- fore the era of inventions it stood alone. Moreover these new occupa- tions required little skill, no prepara tion.
 'In view of these changed and changing economic conditions it may be said that that immobility of labor which has seemed to some economists so great an obstacle to the industrial advancement of women practically has ceased to exist in the case of domestic service. Industrial development has been carried so far that the problem has come to be how to make this form of labor not more mobile but more stable" -;.--.Ess-s..v
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
HER DREssMAKER's BILL.
The Novel Expedient Resorted to by the .,-.- Daughter of Millionaire.

The Novel Expedient Resorted to by the :s-.-. Daughter of Millionaire.
 The daughter of a retired millionaire has an allowance of three thousand dollars year for pin money. Out of it she is expected to pay for her clothes and other personal expenses, such as gloves, candy, books and matinee tickets. One would imagine that she could manage to squeeze along on her income, particularly as she had no board to pay. But she didn't. In fact, she found herself very heavily in debt to her dressmaker one fine morning. She struggled on a few months, accord ing to the Minneapolis Tribune, keep ing her trouble to herself and trying to economize. Finally a crisis was reached. She had nothing to wear'' and could not order any new dresses without paying something on account. To make the matter worse the dress maker began pressing her for her money. She went'to her father. He re- fused to help her. She appealed to her brother. He sympathized with her, but he could do nothing, as hewas deeper in debt than his sister. Then she went again to her father. This is substan- italy what this cruel parent said:
 ''No, my child; will not help you pay any of your debts. Your allow ance is large enough to supply you with everything you require. If you go beyond it you must suffer the con- sequences. Go to your dressmaker and arrange to pay your bill out of your future allowance. In the meantime you have all the clothes any reasonable being could wear for year. Let this be a lesson to you"
 Did the young woman take her fathers advice? Not bit of it. When she found that tears and entreaties would not move him she took counsel with some of her relatives and friends. The result is that private entertain ment has been arranged for the bene- fit of the poor unfortunate millionaire's daughter. All her friends are expected to buy tickets, and the proceeds will go toward liquidating the hated dress makers bi2. Perhaps if the father would hear about it he would veto the proceedings. For that reason it is not we'll to mention her name, except to say that she is member of the Four Hundred, and that this is a true tale
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
Oneen Yictoria,s Family.

The royal family of England is the largest in Europe. Her majesty Queen Victoria's family circle numbers fifty living descendants, including sons and daughters, grandsonsan granddaugh- ters, great grandsons and great-grand- daughters, besides whom she has four sons-in-law and four daughters-in-iaw, five grandsons-in-iaw and one grand daughter-in-law. The queen has lost one son and one daughter, five grand sons, one granddaughter; one great grandson and one son-in-law. If these were living her family circle would number seventy-four.
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
A Toy Worth s5.ooo.

One of the most valuable toys ever made is that recently constructed by a jeweler of Turin, Italy. It is a boat made of a single pearl. The outlines of the boat are said by those who have seen it to be perfect. it has a sail beaten from solid gold, and is studded with diamonds. The pinnacle light is ruby of wonderful brilliance, and for rudder it has an emerald. The stand upon which it is mounted is made of the purest of ivory; and the whole toy stand, boat and all-weighs less than half an ounce. The value of this 1aar- relous thing in dollars is five thousand.
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
EVERY SEVEN YEARS.
A Curious Belief in Regard to Physical
 Regeneration.

A Curious Belief in Regard to Physical
 Regeneration.
 It is surprising how many people be- lieve that the entire body of man is renewed every seven years exactly, says the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. This used to be taught in books, and, although not orthodox now, is still ac- cepted as gospel by many. To show it's inaccuracy one has only to hit a nail on his finger hard enough, for in that case the injured object will come off and be replaced by an entirely new nail.
 If this process occupied seven years such an accident would be very tire some affair, but, as any mechanic will tell you, it occupies few weeks. The growth is more rapid in summer than winter, but never taking more than four months. So far as the nails are concerned. then. the renewal process is repeated about twenty-one times during the regulation seven years. and the theory is thus destroyed, even if no other proof of its falsity were forth coming.
The St. Johns herald., 1893-08-10
Wonders of the Insect World.

Entomologists generally concede that upward of one hundred thousand species of insects have been recognized and classified; some authors even place the number at two hundred thousand, and it is even believed that this vast number does not represent more than one-tenth of the number which act ually inhabit the globe. One-half of these belong to the Coleoptera, or beetles. Of the butterflies Lepidop- tera) there are fifteen thousand species, and an equal number may be credited to the Hymenoptera Cbees. wasps, etc. ], the Hemiptera (bugs in general and the Diptera (flies). The Orthoptera Qocusts, grasshoppers, etc.,) are much less numerous, and of the netted winged insects there are probably less than two thousand.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1893-07-28
ENTERTAINMENTS.


Miss Ross Shei,ou, daughter Of Mr..
J. w. HheliOn, gave an exceedingly
pleasant entertainment last week at
their beautiful home ON the Bigby-
willie Pike, in honor Of Misses Susie
OttenviIle aud Lille Muirhead OF
Nashville and Miss Mary Cawthon
OF Muriresboro. AS Mr.. SheltOn's
house is kept cool by the magnificent
grove around it, dancing was found
very comfortable and VAS kept up to
late hour, when elegant refresh
ments were served. The participants
in the entertainment were:
Misses Amy Gsrtner, Lille Muir
mead, Susie Oltenvllle, Annie Lou
Mckay, Annie and Carrie Brszrer,
Brownie and Carrie Barker, Mary
Cawthon, Effie Jackson, Annie Ben
nett, jamie COwan, Leila Holman,
Pearl Bullsrd, Mamie Res, Msud
Walker aud Pearl Smell and Mr..
Geo. Adams, The gentlemen were
Nessrs. Tom Friel, Ed Church, Jim
Jackson, Claude Headley, Walter
LOckridge, Or. l. p. HaUnrr, II o
r gs ale, Rush Gresham, John Rea,
A y. McKeunon, j. H. Quart, VIII
Wood, Frank Leonhard, Sam Gill
bur, John Lochridge, Perry Smell
and Mr.. Geo. Adams.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1893-07-28
SPRING HILL.

SPRING HILL, July 25.-The Ladies
! Missionary opri-ty of the NJ. f.. Gnu rch
! gave an enjoyable sOcIanle NJ the RS,
| ience OF Mrs. W. \. Deckwith, Tues
day afternoon.
| Tne Christian Ende4vOr Society OF
| the c. Z. Chltrcn are to spend Weunes
day at II picnic At Cdyce's Springs.
our town now has street lights which
add greatly to it.
Nj. C4per'On has a hose attached t
his pump and has the street i'm from al
MS hotel well sprinkled every day
This is very nice This warm, DUST
weather.
Ewell Station has closed it's Office al
ght The night operator Mr.. Pil,ings
left last week u take charge of another
station.
While out riding last Saturday after
noon Misses McLemore came near ba.
ing badly hurt. Their horse driven To
heir lovely little cart began to back ami
ran into the buggy driven by Mr.. Fri
ersOn, McLemOre and Miss Mary. This
gave their horse fright and he began
to run which upset 10th vehicles. Am
glad to : ate nIne of the occupants We're
hurt but vehicles badly smashed.
Misses Annie Lac and Bessie Alexan-
Ter, are quests Of Franklin relatives.
NlTN. VI Montgomery, WHO HAS DtCn WISH
ting Mrs. w. T.. Martin, LETT last week
10 spend some time with friends at
Bigbyville bsfore she returned TO her
home in Louisiana.
Miss Susie Belle Moore is with Brent
wood relatives.
Miss Nina McLemOre is now visiting
her cousins Misses McLemOre.
Misses Jennie SOuthall and her guest
VI !ss Clara Tucker OF Nashville, rev.
Mr.. Cuamcnt aud Mr.. Babb, took tea
with Miss Lizzie Dixon Monday evan
ing and spent a most pleasant evening.
Miss COrinne MilAn of Nashville, is
viei ing her aunt Miss Cap-rton.
Little Misses BESSIE amt Carrie Craig
Of Fayetteville, are spending some time
with little Miss jamie Moore. The little
aides are having pleasant visit.
Miss Williams, of Columbia, is the
guest OF Misses Hardin.
NJ sses Carrie White and Irene
Cheairs are at home after trip to the
Worlds Fair.
Mrs. John Vale YVES in Franklin this
week.
Ms. Dubose, Misses Fount Wade and
Mildred Thompson are at Primm's
Sp'i"gs.
Mr. w. B. Greenlaw's family of your
city are spendng the heated term al
his fathers.
Mr.. w. f. Greenlaw has gone East to
sell his crop Of fine potatoes. He will
take in the Worlds Fair before he re-
JurnS.
Mr.. Jim Crutcher is at Primm's
Springs for weeks stay.
MesSrs. Lou Greenlaw, VIII and
Frier-on McLsmOre and others, are of
on y fishing trip on Lick Creek.
Several families from our town leave
next week to spend some wesks at
Primm's Springs.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1893-07-28
COUNTY CULLINGS,
'tCotinued from First Page
ANDREWS.

ANDREWS, July -. our community
was thrown into nigh STATE of excite
Inent and sympathy last "Wednesday
at the news Of the suddeu death OF
Miss Aur la L!tJlrj0hn, the fifteen year
old daughter of AT. John W. Little
John Al his home near Rock Spring
She was seemingly well and assisted in
preparing the MONDAY meal, and after
noon was very gay and lively. During
a rOmp wiLh-some of her sisters she ran
from the yard IT, the barn lot. She hdu
not been gone but "A few minutes whei,
her mother found her lying Just out.
side the yard gate almuS; dead, only
gasped few times afterward. Thel
think she died of heart affection.
Funeral services were conducted by
Rev, w. II. Ussery% at Rock Spring
Thursday afternoon and ths body laid
TO rest III the cemetery near there. She
was an Intelligent and lUvU,y MISS and
her early death is lsmeuted by all who
knew her. the grief stricken family
nave the sympathy OF their netghbors
and friends.
me q. p. brethren have just closed an
Interesting meeting aJ Union Grove.
There were several added to the con.
gregAtion of wOrshippers there.
Inc free schools have opened in our
district with flattering prospects. The
one at Union Grove is being taught by
the well known educator Mir. K. p
Stegall; Rock Spring by Mrs. MOlit
Barker; Call by MIR. Amis DerryberrN
and Sbarp's by Miss ). f. Nicholson
Wheat and oats have almost all been
threshed outin this ighbOrhoOd. TIL
farmers never had a dryer time IOI
saving their grain, but the growing
crops are suffering for rain.
Mrs. Wilburn SOwell and t IL
daughters are at Cayce's Springs.
Mr.. Jas. White has returned to his
home in Columbia af er lengthy visit
to relatives here.
Mrs. Louie Porter and little son,
FOlwell are boarding with the pleasant
family of Mr.. w. J. Andrews. Mr..
them last week.
Mrs. Maggie Campbell visited her
parents here last week.
Mrs. Matte Cooke and Mrs. r. p
Stegall spent last week in our midst
Mrs John Atkisson has returned
home after weeks visit TO her parents
at Pennington. Mrs. Long came home
with her and spent several days. Miss
Hay Davis accompanied Mrs. Long
home Tuesday where she expects t.
s1;Sain two weeks.
III. F. G.. SOwell is expected home
frOm Texas Wednesday and will preach
at Cornth next l. IS day.
Rubie Smith has ueen suffering with
rheumatism.
MIR. &. X. Irwin was on the sick list
last week.
Mrs. Gus Watson has been somewhat
indisposed for some DAYS.
RIPPLING WAVES.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1893-07-28
The "COuntry School" Again.

This evening, (the 2Sth) at eight
and half o'clock, the aspiring and
perspiring actors Of the FriersOn
neigbOrhOod, will by special request,
present the Country Skule" for the
third and last time at Stephenson
Academy near Zion Church. Re
member this is the last time these
great actors will exercise their talent
upon it, therefore they will make a
last dying effort. Be certain not to
miss the fun. Some of the other
prominent features Of the evening
will ba "The Bonnie Blue Flag, y
sung by thirteen great vOcalists,
Maryland, sung by fourteen fair
maidens. "Old Black Joe" sung and
acted by professionals, gypsy scene,
singing by the young tenor"
assisted by gypsy maiden, several
recitstions by select elocutiOnists etc
Don't fail to get onto the new Ger
man step shown on the stage. A
good road, a pleasant drive, cool
house, a grand glorious and peculiar
play will sum up a great evening
Be sure to come. Boys can't You
stand two? Admission 25cts.
The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1893-07-28
WEST END NOTES.

Miss Ella Ford OF Nashville, was
the guest OF Mrs. w. b. Harrison the
first OF this week.
Prof. Hugh Wallace of Franklin
is here on a visit to relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs w. p. Woodbridge and
daughter Louise, after all absence OF
two weeks at EastbrOOk, have re.
turned home.
Messrs. Nelson and Joe Rainey of
Memphis, are here attending the bed
side OF their father Mr.. w. ). Rainey,
who WAS taken suddenly iii last
week. Mr.. Rainey's condition when
first taken down was thought to be OF
dangerous nature, but We ale glad
to learn that he is improving nicely
at this writing.
Sam Cook and family have moved
from South Columbia TO West End,
and are occupying the cottage belong
ing to Geo. Conant.
Horace FriersOu Jr., met with a
very painful accident last Monday
afternoon while playing ball ut the
Athletic park. He collided with
one Of the other players, who had a
steel spike in his shoes which cut u
deep cash about three inches long,
in the calf OF MS leg
West End is infested with q gang
Of negro toughs who congregate aloug
West Seventh street early in the
night aud indulge in al kind OF pro-
fame and indecent language. Later
in the night it IL 10 uncommon oc
currence TO hear them firing oil
their pistols on the streets. II has
reached the point here now that la
dies cannot sit on their front pOrches,
or even keep the doors or windows
open without being compelled to
hear the vulgarity they indulge in.
II they are allOwel to continue in
their rowdyism much longer Black
Bottom, or even Hell's- Half Acre OF
Nashville will be " paradise COM
pared to West End. We have no
police protection out here, but we
have a magistrate and constable who,
if they would get move on them
selves, and bring some Of the offend
ers to justice would soon put stop
to all such disgraceful conduct in the
future. We will refrain from COM
menting on our guardians OF the law,
until we see what course they intend
to pursue in the future. This Is fair
warning to them. FINOCCIDENT.