The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1893-12-22


She must now take the road which leads 70
Asia or the other which outlets her in Amer
lea, gives her an American civilization and
binds her TO the care Of American destiny.
he also declares. 'One OF two courses seems
10 me absolutely necessary TO be followed
either bold and vigorous measures for anneza-
tion or customs union and ocean cable from
the CALIFORNIA coast TO Honolulu. Pearl harbor
perpetualiy coded 10 the United states with
lean prOtectorate over tho islands. I believe
the former TO be the better. that which VIII
and the cheapest ana isast enibarr rss IN
the end to the United States IL IL was
wise for the United States through Secre-
tary Marcy. thirty-eight years ago. to offer
10 expend $4,000 TO secure a treaty OF
annexation, ~ certainly can not be chimericaI
or unwlse TO expend $4,000 to secure annexa-
ton in the near future. To-day the United
states has I'VE times the wealth shs possessed
in 1854 and reasons now existing for annexa-
ton are much stronger than they were then. 1
can not refrain from expressing the opinion
with emphasis. that the golden hour is near at
hand
These declarations certainly show DISPOSE
ton and condition OF mind which may be use
fully recalled when interpreting the signif-
canoe OF the minister's concerted acts, or when
considering the probabilities OF such conduct
on HIS part as may not be admitted.
In this view il seems proper to also quote a
OF state on March 3. 1872. sarIy a year prior to
the first step taken toward annexation. After
stating the possibility thai the existing gov
eminent OF Hawaii might be overturned by an
orderly and peaceful revolution. Minister Ste
vens writes as follows:
Ordinarily in like circumstances the rule
seems to 0e to limit the landing and movement
OF the United States forces in foreign waters
and dominion exclusively 70 the protection OF
property of American citizens. But as the re-
lattons of the United States to Hawaii are ex-
ceptional, ana in former years the United
States officials here took somewh1t excep-
tional action in circumstances OF disorder /
desire to know how far the present minister
and naval commander may deviate from estab-
lGh In a -fw4u .f1~N
contingencies indicated in the first part of this
dispatch.
TO minister of this to nper, full OF zeal for
annexation, there seemed to arise in january
1893, the precise opportunity for which he was
watchfully waiting-an opportunity which by
timely deviation from established international
| rules and presidents might be improved to
successfully accomplish the great object in
view; and we are quite prepared for the exnl-
state department dated February /, 1893. ne de-
clares 1.-The Hawaiian pear Is now fully ripe
and this Is the golden hour for the United States
ThE PRoTEcToRATE PROCLAIMED.
AS further illustration of the activity of the
diplomatic representative. attention IS called
TO the fact that on the day the above letter was
written unable longer to restrain his ardor.
he issued q proclamation whereby sin the
protection of the Hawaiian islands and de-
clared that said action was taken pending
and subject to negotiations at Washington :
OF course this assumption Of a protectorate was
promptly disavowed By our government, but the
American flag remained over the government
building at Honolulu and the forces remained
on guard until April, and after Mr.. Blount s
arrival. and he knew when both were removed
A renewed statement of the occurrences that
led to the subversion of the constitutional
government of Hawaii. in the interests OF an
nexation to the United States, will exhibit the
true complexion Of that transaction.
Saturday, January IA, 1893, the queen OF Ha-
wall, who had been contemplating the pr0cla-
nation of a new constitution, had, in Difference
to the wishes and remonStrancos OF her cabi-
TenOQncP6 Mt
least. Taking this relinquished purpose
as basis of action, citizens OF Homo
bred, mostly resident aliens met in a
private ONCE and elected a so-calIed commit
seven Of whom were foreign subjects. and con-
sisted OF five Americans, one Englishman and
one German. This committee though its de-
signs were not revealed, had in view nothing
less than annexation to the United States. and
between Saturday, the 18th, and the following
Monday, the 10th OF January, though exactly
closed, they were certainly in com
nmication with the United States
queen and her cabinet made public procla-
nation with n notice which was special
ly served upon the representatives OF all for
eign governments that any changes in the con :
stitution would be sought only in the methods
provided by that instrument. Nevertheless.
at the call and under the auspices Of the com
mittee of safely. masS-meeting OF citizens
was held on that day to protest against the
queens alleged Illegal and unlawful proceed
committee of safety continued to disguise their
real purpose, and contented themselves with
procuring the passage Of a resolution denounc-
ing the queen and empowering the committee
to provide ways ana means to secure the per
manent maintenance of law and order and the
protection of life, liberty and property in
| Hawaii.
THE APPEAL TO MINISTER STEVENS.
This meeting adjourned between 3 and
o'clock In the afternoon On the same da y
and Immediately after such adjournment the
committed
without the cooperation OF the United States
minister, addressed him note representing
that the public safety was menaced and that
lives and property were In danger and con
cluded as follows
we are unable to protect ourselves without
aid, and therefore pray for the protection of
| the United States forces"
On the 10th day OF January, 1898. between
and OF clock in the afternoon, a detachment OF
marines from the United States steamer Bos
ton, with two pieces OF artillery, landed al
Honolulu. The men. upwards OF $50 in all
with ammunition. This military demonstra
| ton upon the soil of Honolulu was of itself an
sent of the government Of Hawaii. OF
/ for the bona fde purpose of protect
ing imperiled lives and property OF
| citizens of the United States. But there is nc
| pretenSe of any such consent on the part OF the
government OF the queen, which at that time
was undisputed and was both the de faeto and
| the de lure government. There is as little ba
/ sis for the pretense that such forces were
landed for the security of American life and
! property. IL so tley WOulu nave Decn stationed
in the vicinity Of such property, and so as tc
protect IL instead of at distance, and so as to
| command the Hawaiian government building
and palace.
WHOLLY WITHOUT JUsTIFIcATIoN
Thus it appears that Hawaii was taken pos
session of by the United States forces without
| the consent or wish OF the governmentof the
| islands or OF any body else so far as shown. ex
cept by the United States minister. Therefore
| the military occupation of Honolulu by the
| United States on the day mentioned was wholly
without justification either as an occupation
by consent or rs an occupation necessitated by
| dangers threatening American life and prop
The United States forces being now on the
scene and favorably stationed, the committee
| OF safety proceeded to carry out their Original
scheme. They met the next morning Tues
| day, the 17th) and perfected the plan OF tenn
p0rary government Between ana O'Clock
| they proceeded to the government building Il
/ proclaim the new government No sign OF op
/ position was manifest and thereupon an Amer
/ lean citizen read the proclamation from the
| steps OF the government building ALMOST en-
tirely without auditors. The one controlling fac
| tor in the whole affair was unqueStionably tho
/ United States marines. who, drawn up under
arms and with artillery in readiness only
/ seventy-fve yards distant, dominated the sit
uatioD
/ The provisional government thus proclaimed
was. by the terms OF the proclamation, t'
/ exist until terms of union with the UniteC
States had been negotiated and agreed upon.
The United States minister pursuant to prlol
/ agreement. recognized this government within
an hour after the reading OF the proclamation
and before o'clock. in answer TO an inquiry Oh
behalf OF the queen and her cabinet, announced
that he had done so.
| NEITHER DE FACrO NOR DE JuRE.
When our minister recognized the provt
! sfonal government the only basis upon which
\ il rested was the fact that the committee 81
! clared il to exist II was neither government
de facto nor de lure. That IL was not In such
possession OF the government property an6