davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19

scrutinize closely. and at q distance not ex-
ceedinG two iinTers, breadth; It's ann"nrancs
with the utmost attention. and saw distinctly
The Vial with its side turned toward us was
| solid and thoroughly dried up The vial with
its edge turned toward us was about one-third
full! OF the, same substance the drying up Of
which. in either vial. seems to have occurred
at very remote reriod.
and the ecclesiastics. but also to the strangers
who surrounded him. the canon came down
chanc,I. and. elevating it in his hands. ev.
hibited it-,,perya1sd az it was with the light
multitude. He then assembled to the altar and
began in a loud voice to. rncite prayers. in
emit A is Tss si'I laying /: Il the ' relir pursyns on 'f ths
mouth and forehead Of every one around him.
he allowed them to kiss It After TWENTY-FIVE
nearly as as-d and fsohle as himself. and
"The canon eli'1 wfo took his s'' pia sssP began to
recite prayers. atrrsh. and the praying and ex-
ioia. Al last. at thirty-seven minutes pa sTS 8.
t tnre ot Mhil. Rs r pIissi TIA %sd S. ! ,s s ssots c sSs
The hymn Of tn. re- beum. imtone Sit By ali ii' pres:
emit. rose in grave and solemnly imposing
the vast arches Of the cathedral, A shower Of
tlowsrs fell on the altar. Hrndreds Of birds
Welc set Ut llpeIty anu IeW all over tlle cnurcn.
filling the air with songs OF JOY. Tho miracle
had been accomplished.
Although this scene was OF n nature to
deeply impress both the imagination and tho
heart. we are quite certain that We retained all
tho while our self-possession; and. with the
most scrupulous ana intensely scrutinizing
attention.: We looked; not once, but six or
Is It was 9y the light Of tho candle held be-
hind 1t. The vial. with the edge toward us.
gave no signs OF idueluction: hut in the other.
placed at right angles TO il. the transformation
undergone by tho substance when II con-
tanned was undeniably. evident. The vial had
become full of I. liquid having the color. the
consistency. and the 1aidlty OF blood fresh
drawn from the veins Of u living man.
"Skoptics will exclaim that it is an impos-
ture. We confne ourselves to narrating lust
what We saw; The miracle OF st. Januarius is
not an article OF faith: The reader will! form
whatever opinion in the matter he chooses.
but we can affirm that every part Of tho
~solennity seemed to exclude the idea OF fraud
or legerdemain. Our impression in this
respect was. We can truly say. shared by all
the Frenchmen who were with us in the
chapel. and among them were many skeptics.
We would. besides. remark that this prodigy
has been going on for many centuries back.
that 1t has continued, during several revolu-
tons. and while Naples was occupied by the
French. and that un to the present day no
savant or chemist has been able to point out
the process by which the result is effected"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19

in it's closet In the evening" and. generally.
any other facts OF the day Which the oficers
charged with this duty deemed worthy Of note.
Another diary. commenced long, before that OF
the Tesoro, Is kept 10 the Archiepiscopsl ar
chtyes. and from 1852 y, complete.
nrst sunday Ia FMfay. the annise giscs OF of Tie
translation OF the relics from Marcian's field to
Naplct, and daily throughout tho octave: on
the, 18th Of September. the saints festival.
and daily Throughout It's. octave; and again Oh
TIE loth Of Decenbsr. in copmemoratien q
from u terrible eruption OF .Nesuvius. which
burst out after an unbrokeu sleep Of 1874 years.
40 story OF that miraculous deliverance is
THIS: Early in the morning there was q very
ersa.ing IN violence as the hours rolled on.
and the atmosphere became sultry and close.
About 4: NJ. n huge, column Of smoke was
seen Swiftly springlnG upward from the
conc OF yesuytus. and, expanding. into, u dark
and fearful cloud. which shut out the heavens
added q pouring, rain. heated. and charged
Inc trembling OF the earth had indeed
ceased. but Instead there came sharp. quick
shocks. OF earthquake. four or nve OF them
every hour. The Cardinal Archbishop at
monced In oil the churches and to be con.
tinued without ntermission. and the relics OF
~. Januarius to DO 10 no in q procession
through the streets near the cathedral As
the rain, ceased, but the dark cloud siill hung
overhead and the ashes kept, on falling. Al
the procession issued from tho cathedral a
blazs OF sunlight beamod around. The pro-
c"Bs!on moved on to tho gate OF the city look
inG directly toward Nesuvius and the advance
prepared in tho opon mir. and after psalms, pray
era. and litanies had been chanted. the Bishop.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19
CHRISTIAN

81 crTfBG roS.as T 7 h,r tlEst one Is + fTp I.a on PsGs sd dst
Win a nrstentious title by o reverend author.
Of the lique,actIon. emitting ali mention OF
NE fellquary and certain other Important par
luuiars: he pronounces II, withou! any at
aanI pr, du@@aiins. to he a triek. and he ADDS
EE,91a would not liaaety. whereupon the
Gennar'oa.I ana lI's aoId tho .w Bi shon0 Rs % SppGis''fb blow os
.mlfssle.'D fh s'i Iiishs sai HTo.s as Il could not
he he p9as; but e: :ssip Y:t sss ic Moras t., was S,n In rarn TSs
prelate referred to 10 an Archbishop. and tho
fo1lish talo ie untrue.
Inc other lie out OF whole cloth which, has
iieved by many. Is found in one Of Alexandra"
Dumas, the elders works. He twisted and re-
x.eIsed II from an older one i1 q work entitled
Loaaos in H ISIS 5An II. aslst tss'f that e% pr Nay r. I.
lIb1, Gen: Championnet. In order to hurry up
sne llGueisetioni Which Vas being delayed;
It were not accomplished In ten minutes his
reverence, would he shot in fifteen. and that
ne miracle took place Aye minutes after the
was not in Naples. liz had sosn reiisssd Of his
count Of ii hssith,1 Tor he Sied At
cessor In com sm %o Tas GeaaerasL. aitsrwsrd
Marshal. Macdonald. and It is stated IN the
record OF the day IN question that he Vas
t EssEsI plac SI anit ms so siaa. ina. a shs li ~ snis tom
minutes; that the de,nsanar Of the General
was very respectful and that he confirmed his
issqsss Ghs. q ,sy sssSssu ~ M. Gle. @1,r.. r to the ls
q. .scristy;. Moreover. TO, ciinch' the ,nsttss.
1850 reports that Cen, Ssodpn4id. With With III:
ssaSsSsd miissis which took place some
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19
OF mounds and the boats ussd in the fishing.
Often they are worked by four or 1--WE men In .

OF hounds and the boats used In the fishing.
Often they are worked by four or five men In
Each pound costs from $500 to $1,000 and
t ssep @s the % work h sSins = s deaslH '9 pa9Fns tho TO
warm ", I'm y weather ona, \ a m pound a met % sriss be sn 5Hk tenrs up
place. when tho weather becomes cooler it
nets to await g favorable market Meanwhile
e enSs Eaes. and Ei %en NTH iyH UNIT Tor food oodot but they they
rounds Of such starved fish can be seen 10
pound. The boat with it's crew goes oyer the
net at the entrance and hang II over the boat
low Ry f poefet q one one ns sorn g IN w. Which %' Al e 81 ffn e..
fish are confined in a mass: The men now dip
the boat. Thers is no time for. sorting them,
an and ma as eGn Ise} Sss &C. fth hf@ ~. b Q, small nall s nd
with the bigger ones, sometinss the catch
will be SO poor In marketable fish that only q
i msn can %ss Be sa n!sk I'd. e aser In !hS SsS Sf ices ,s' 81. 09 sSi,
In the argument before. the Fisheries Com
said that he did not. want to. ruin tho pound
men. Al he wanted was q law which would
com cor, ? Pei J. them to US. a larger mesh. go that
That would ruin US" said tho owner q a
pound. The big nsh- would then be gilled
and die in the nets" He had just denied that
any fish, were ever gilled In pound nets; and
the the alert ssh r tishe sIT}s5 I R0i Int 7 d out to hi him nr thnt Il
statement must be correct about millions Of
little hlqsfsh being gilled In the small meshes.
owning several. boats at seabright. remarked
to tie writer that everybody along the coast
who did not have money invested IN pound
nets would conceda that those nets were a
great detriment to the people. The fsh going
intn. rivers to spawn have been steadily be-
coming fewer since tho pounds have been in
operation. he. says. and. moreover. tho off,
shore fishing fo- weakflsh and othsr varieties
has been seriously affected,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19

s sy IN, : so By tse fTT lis e Bin o SssIt5SstipP BE Sas sssd
aroused the opposition Of tho mem who put
two months in each year to catch Spanish
il, is safe to assert that not hnli a dozen
Just, what . pound net. is and how it's oper-
s.ed; It ia 2 wall q fine netting set up
A. 11Sn IN ap pfaes. " With hNG a ' gesSlia aps i stansi
extends out 1000 or 200 feet; and beyond it
..ndins s ss.x ard rom rom That shat. ' 50 thai Saot the s *:
f mile at t sea T i ~ water Is P's shailo %", enough no to
permit Of placing It. The accompanying cut
gives an excellent idea Of one s%ectlon OF such
along in either direction. The vertical wall
leading out from, the shore is known as the
heart. or bay. These parts are merely walls
OF netting reaching to the bottom and secured
to the stakes. The RECTANGULAR enclosure Is the
Ing into It from the heart. This opening extends
from TOP to bottom and Is only a few inches wide.
inasmuch. as It has a bottom OF strong netting
stakes which keep it in form. ,By,pulling upon
tents removed. Now place another leader:
heart. and pound to the sesward OF this. and
Of what l. poken Of as a pound on the Jersey
coast. Fish swimming in either direction
along the coast run their noses agains tho
seaward to round the obstruction they follow
tho line Of netting into the open throat Of tho
water. bur win in curved lines. and they
naturally follow the walls Of the heart until
they ind their way through the opening into
tho pound. Those which escape the first are
caught by the second or third. and when 1t is
take On into consideration that there are TWEEN
Hook and Barnegat 1t may be understood why
and others complain that fishing Is
being ruined.
The meshss OF these pound nets are built
with stout cord thickened with tar. They are
what is known rs two-inch stretch. which
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19

Henri Cauvian Is inaccurate in his descrlp-
uon OF tho quantity 81 contents OF the vial con-
one-third inli:, he was probably deceived
by It's dark color and position. But as no
liqnefaction. so far ms | have read. takes place
In that vial, this error IN his observation Is OF
The facts gathered in these lines have been
GGbIRlned from flye articles written by the late
Hf xa.h' t OF Gharlestop, H. he Eigh. icy; DR.;
since Eublished in book form, ind from Fred
erlek Hurter's narrative taken from his book.
"Geburt und .Wiedergeburt.'"' both. but par
ssoand ., fac t%st s aGsp srap SSsst'nf s,s fhss E EhSis
witnessed the liQuetaction six times when he
noticed the presence OF several Protestants.
ne wAs allowed to eIsmins the records as
made Of the archiepiscopal ones.
II Is certain, that, the, people. OF Naples.
whether OF high Or low degree. ,ich or poor.
li1uefaction. and view Its cessation or certain
exceptional forms OF appearance as indi-
fTSS,lns t1 ths yyStsin Of d ISlo against e the FIX:
nearly three years. the blood remained hard
and solid without lipuefying at any time. A
terrible residence. which broke out In 1929:
causing 10000 deaths in tho single year 9f
months OF 1920. comedies with the period Of
cessation mentioned. Again In 1851 and 1853
there was no liduefaction.
To the sketch given in the foregoing lines Of
tho mode OF liquefaction. Of which Bishop
Lynch furnishes such abundant particulars;
nav be added this summary. showing that
those ars as various. as 10 can imagine and
ssss1.las tho ssfs ! IT, sis%a sRS ssssi l ysty
nn%erogs changes: lllueiying. hardening:
In an unusual mspner. There are, also notable
differences Of color or, various days or parts
Of The same dsy; The diary rsgistsrs them as
dense or dark. or blackish or ash coiored. or.
again. pale or ysllowsh Sometimes the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19
WASTEFUL POUND NETS
THAT IN TEN FEARS HAvE SO HURT
THE FISHING IN NEW FORK BAE.

Scope. Certainty. add Varied Dertructtve-
ness of these Traps, which Spare Neither
Large nor Small Fish VIII New Jersey
Exact y Law Against Their C-cf
The agitation In New Jersey against tho use
OF the wasteful pound nets along the coast Is
the natural outRrowth OF n process which has
nearly ruined tho fishing In the last decade.
Every angler who goes down to the lower bay
or the waters about Staten Island knows that
nshine has become steadily worse year by
year. and attributes the decrease TO these in
fernal traps, which scoop up everything which
cannot escape through n liolo nm inch square.
The bill which is being held by the Fisheries
Committee OF the New Jersey Assembly is II
sweeping measure. drawn up by an angleranl
writer upon fishing subjects OF long expe-
rience. He framed 1t to stop the use Of pounds.
fykes. and stationary Rilling next in tho sca.
Had he been content to attack the pound nets
alone. or the pound nets at sea and the fykes
which stretch half way across the mouths Of
many OF the rivers. his bill would have aroused
less opposition from professional fisher
men. As 1t was he had the support
only Of q handful OF the line fishermen
OF Seabright and Galilee. the remnants Of tho
hundreds who have been driven out OF. the
business or forced to seek other fishing
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19

1858. By Pope Plus IL. as Nuncio to the Gov.
ernment OF the United States, and OF the
English naturalist, Charles Waterton. |
may also mention here that the verbal
In Naples. He csisfuiiy eSamined the
liquefaction. and made no secret nfterward
among his friends Of the deep impression II
produced on his mind and Of his decided ludg-
ment that chemistry. SO far as he knew IL
S SSv.' found %4s nS' %entlo1' Of this IL he writings.
although some OF his latest ones reveal ,yery,
strong inclinations toward Catholieity, Henri
Cauvain saw the miracle on Sent. l0. Iooo,
and his account, OF IT was copied from a Paris
city on the 18th OF October. following. l think
his narrative best suited for selection. be-
cause II shows fair mindedness and because
he was we'll known to he OF a skepticai turn OF
mind. and tho conviction worked In MS case
was so extraordinary and unlocked for that IL
Utbats: 'P0lid I'm miracle Qu Jcrdh, crorea
fOus les dutres.' Ills case Is n miracle whicn
would render the belief OF all others possiole.'
Henri Cauyain wrote:
THE reli1uary is made OF silver. 1t is cir
oular. and in shape resembles an enormous
watch case. with a crystal front and, back.
The edges aud handle are covered with or
namonts in relief which boar traces OF having
been. gilt. The reliquary seems 70 belong t9
the fifteenth century. ip Its centre; enG Gnn.d
are two fiat walls. with rounded edges and with
short and narrow pecks. one OF which pre-
sents it's side and the other Its edge to the
spectator. These Walls. are quite similar TO
those which arc found In ancient tombs and
Designated under the name Of nchry,nat,ria:
i1uary a priest holds behind i 1t u lighted cam
die. which gives abundant opportunity to
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19
one:luch square apsrtpre.. and tho tar

means onc.inch square apcrturee. and tho tar
reduces this somewhat. Nothing but an eel
can escape through tho mcshes, and the round
men are said to be envious OF the loss OF cells.
Fish which are two snail to get through the
netting are Gilled hS It. and when young blue
fisb arc running South IN tho fall. the walls
of the leaders and POUNDS are solid masses of
gilled fish. which arc allowed to rem ain until
they are beaten to pieces by the waves
other fish than young b!uelsh are thus de-
stroyel. but this waste t. not the chief cause
OF tile a~rraignment Of the pound nets. The
crueliest waste is tina OF good food fish which
are caught when there, is already a glut
in the market. An intelligent observer sai 8
pounds along tho coast ,teiegrnphed to
Nav York for tughoats TO come down
and take out the fish which crowded the
rounds. Tho tugs came. epptied the pounds.
dealers had no use for them and they. were
consigned to Barren leland. One day last year
Mr.. alter Brown OF Newark saw several tons
of wenkilsh taken from the, pounds and
brought ashore near. Point Pleasant. The
icing the fish. and when they cd to
become unpleasant they were buried on the
beach. 10 Il, subsequently Gug up and sold to
farmers for manure.
A pound.net fisherman com planning to the
Il sent six boxes OF fish TO market last week
md got only n dollar and a half n box. II
didn't pay ths iroight." A box such as is used
on the Jersey coast co ntains about 800 pounds.
Often during the summer sudden storms kill
many OF tho fish in the pounds. as long spells
Of bad Weather prevent the, men from making
their usual lifts. and the fish die from over.
crowding. These fish are turned over the sides
OF the net to float nway on the tide.
There IL considerable money Invested In
ploytnent is given to only n few persons. less
than 200 In all. Six men can handle a string
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19

what sooner than usual on the day above mon
TONED. and that the people think better OF us
Frenchmen and do not look on us any more as
The Rev. J. S. Northcote. In his letter to the
6amct,f; gives an account q certain parallel
natural. but not. as the iiauefacfion which
sttssted. nor sSy ever p ptubiieis ex sPf p'f
i.s 81 Is si fso% s thst s 7 Rsr 81 St. o1 FrsnS SIsS % x xs.fni
preserved at hieti. as we'll us another portion
preserved at Home in the Church OF the. So:
eliminate. liaueles annually on the nth OF
The same thing Is said 70 happen on q" 27th
In the Church OF ST. AGostin9. at Torni. sit
uatod near the picturesque falls Of the same
o oSrIs a .h5Ss T nso ts as i lie S Si q sh Of ihs s. sisni
Peter contain cd in q vessel Of thin glass: ap.
t%atacombs, which is said to iiiausiy and Toll
every year from the first to the second vespers
In the Church Of Sta Patricia. in Naples. the
e e,911 81 d. th 6i t ssn Is se Sn, to to- he S, always sold
the he'd day Se Of Il her re fsas ss" wS SSa ito L r 7gsn ar 1pl Ians:
friends OF Northcote. WHO had been taken on
In the Gesu Vecchio. in the Same city. there
preserved in a tabernacle upon the altar Of one
OF the private ehaE1ols. On a bitterly gold
mOTHlnR. on tne 1lst OF Dec9mber, 1871,
Northcote. in company with a French mis-
sionhry bishop from China. Mgr. de Nerolle,
and o party Of five or ak others. French and
English. were witnesses OF the liluefuction. Of
which he gives full particulars.
High up in the mountain. above tho town OF
Amslii. on the bay OF Salerno, and moro i'm
IL the small town of RavelIIo; which In. tho
ABLE Importance. with q population OF some
$4,000 souls In It's principal church Is kept
the blood Of st. pantalcon. which. from a hard.
congenled state. is said to become liquid
during the octave OF the saints festival. also
whenever the blessed sacrament Is exposed in
Its presence or when any relic OF the true
cross is brought before it. The vial. OF darkish
glass. containing the blood IL kept In the wall
above the high altar. in u small, square aper-
turc between two strong iron gratings. one In
front and one In the rear. both let into the
wall. The aperture Ia closed by a door in the
rear and In front. The vial cannot therefore
be manipulated. nor even touched. In order
to see the relic clearly n small lighted taper
must he PASSED through the bars. In 1S43 an
English Monsignor. who afterward Joined the
Congregation OF l;cdsinp tiorists in England,
went In company with an Italian priest from
La Casa to .~ltnvrllo expressly to see the mira
Gle. Thc Monsignor wrote to Northcote. at his
request. n detailed account OF the liluefaction.
which I'm Immediately took place when two relics
ofthe holy, cross were brought near the vial.
chemical cience has greatly progressed
since Neumans'. g and La Condamine's time. yet.
nowadays. we do not hear OF chemists trying
to re produce exactly the liquefaction OF the
blood OF st. Jnnuarius. L. u. b.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19

The Commission OF Professors could "ny
report as they did. and. rs DR.. Fergola main
talns in his essay. that the li1uefac,ion Of
the blood Of st. .Januarius does not depend
on tho degree Of heat to which it is subjected
during the. exposition. Casper Neuman. IL
professor, Of chemistry in Berlin. exhibited In
January. 1874. at u meeting OF fourteen learned
friends invited to dine with him. an initial on
OF tho liIuetaction. But he held and handled
his vial with his hands. La Condamine.
witnessed the true liIuefaction at Naples.
gave In 1897 to the. Academy OF Science in
Paris an account OF what he believed was u sue
e%esstul imitation ofit. But in his reliquary.
besides the vial. there were two small cones
below It. and there was hidden within the case
r circular tube. Both OF these processes. and
others that may have been suggested. are far
from being a reproduction Of tho liluefaction
which is seen ut Naples. Tho differences are
essential and evident.
This narrative would hardly be complete
without the refutation OF two silly historical
lies omanating from sources apparently re-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-03-19
THE STORY OF A MIRACLE.
THE LIoUhFicTIoN OF THE O OF
~. JfHUARTUa

Facts and Tcstimcnv Reviewed by . Re-
inevcr-Auempts mt nitn,ion Iistorica
misrepresentation = Narrative OF Henri
Cauvain-sir Humphrey Davy'- Conciu.ion
"A Sr,entinc Record OF the Miracle.
The facts OF the liauefsction OF the blood OF
St januarlns tin italian Gennarol. patron
saint bf Naples. which ordinarily takes place
several times every year In that city. have
been grossly misrcprescnted by the many who
havesnearej etaud decried the alleged miracle.
Many fnlsehoods have been printed about the
matter. The purpose OF those lines Is to state
briefly and accurately what has taken place In
tho past, and takes place now. leaving 1t to
readers OF THE SuN TO Judge for them solves.
Januarius. q native Of Naples. was. in the
third century. Bishop OF Bsneventum tnov
BenevsntoL q city some thirty miles inland.
In 305. during the pers ecution under Diocle-
tfan. the nercest and most sweepingly de-
structive OF all. he AMI six companions wero
apprehended as Christians. held In prison.
and condemned to be exposed to the wild
beasts In the ampithea.re Of Pozzuoll. about
five miles from Naples. but on the day ap.
pointed. the ravenous wild BEASTS, whom lot
loose In the arena. instead OF devouring the
victims did them no harm. and even fawned.
upon them and licked their feet. The Project.
Timotheus. with the majority OF tho specta-
tors. attributed the preservation Of the mar
tyrs to the power Of sorcery and witchoralt,
and ordered Januarius and his companions
to DO led to the summit OF n neishborlng hill
and there beheaded in the sight Of ull. and as
warning to all.
! The amphitheatre OF Pozzuoli is now one OF
the attractive sights In the e~nvirons OF Naples.
and Is exceptionally interesting because Of
the good condition Of preservation OF the
curious underground passages in which tho
business OF the show. the preparation Of the
RladiRtors. and the care OF the wild beasts were
attended to: the ascent to the arena above boz
ing by openings having marble covers and re-
sembling tombs. The head and body OF tho
nartyred Bishop were taken by the Christians.
transported in secrecy across the bay. and
buried between Vesuvius and tho sea on tho
farm Of a Christian named Marcian.
4 was customary among the early Christians,
N those days OF persecution. to gather. when
ever they could. tho blood shed by n martyr
and preserve 1t in small glass walls called
dmpuH1. which were placed. with the martyrs
remains. In his tomb. In the catacombs at
Rome such vinls Id a niche are the surest sign
that a martyr was there deposited. Some Of
them. or fragments OF them. are still to be seen
IN the opened vaults or inches OF tho cata-
combs. The Walls have within a thin