davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-06-25
Certain Features OF New York.

The fourth and supplemental volume OF the
Memorial History of the Citv of Mem York. edited
by JAMES GRANT WILSON. contains a large
number Of essays on special topics. contributed
by writer's particularly qualified to treat Them
by the trend OF their studios. or by their pro-
fessional work. These papers include accounts
Of the suburbs Of New York. of its libraries and
newspapers. Of the history Of the fine arts. Of
music. OF science in general and OF medicine o
survey Of the city's churches colleges and
schools hospitals and theatres. an outline
Of its commercial history. and a review
OF Knickerbocker authors. There are
chapters also on the New York mill
tary. on the statues and monuments OF the
city on it's clubs. its coins and currency. on
the early Huguenot settlers and on the Jewish
element Of the population. We can touch upon
only few OF the characteristic features Of tho
city here dcineated, and. perhaps. we cannot
do better than to begin with description OF its
topography and park system. for which We are
indebted to Gen. Edward L. Viele. and which is
prefixed by a useful typographical map show
ing all the original water courses and made
grounds. To buy house without looking at
this map would be an act OF folly.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-06-25
formed that several s and 10 shilling bills OF

formed that several and 10 shilling bills Of
the issue OF 1874 and large parcels OF 40
shilling bills Of 1897 were counterfeited.
the fraudulent notes having been printed
in ireland and imported. In 1749 We
learn that although about seventy thousand
pounds OF all tho emissions during the pro-
vious forty years had not vet been cancelled
the credit of Now York had not been as badly
impaired as was that OF the eastern colonies
The ratio OF exchange for one hundred pounds
sterling. which had boon 100 In 1740, had
risen in eight years to 100. while In New
England II advanced. during the samo period.
from go to zoe. At the close Of the French
and Indian war. In 1864. there were curront OF
New York bills OF credit three hundred and
twelve thousand pounds, the liie of which
legally expired in lTGS. The bills could not
10 met ON maturity, and the colonial debt had
by no means con INUNDATED on the outbreak
OF the Revolution.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-06-25

We are reminded at the outset OF Gen.
Viele's essay that the orig nal surface OF Man
haitian Island was very diversified In charac-
ter. including level meadows, deep valleys.
sharply projecting hills and precipitant rocky
cliffs, varying in height from tide level to $50
feet. In carrying out the plan OF improve
ments. the greater portion OF the islands sur
face has / cen made to approximate to gen.
eral level in order to give q low gradient to the
streets and avenues. This process has re-
suited in the stoppage ofthe old water courses
by filling In the deep valleys OF drainage 80 as
to raise them near the normal plane. How ex-
tensive were these old water courses is shown
by the following description: Beginning at the
Battery and following the original topography.
Gen. Viee points out that previously to the
year 1905. an inlet. and subsequently, canal.
ran through what is now Broad street. as far
as Exchange place. with a branch running to-
ward the west through Beaver street. after.
ward known as the Old Ditch. The main
canal WAS crossed by two principal bridges.
one at where Bridge street now Is and the
other at Stone street, while at Beaver street
there were two smaller bridges for foot pas
sengers. 1t seems hard to realize that the
Long Island ferry house then stood at the
corner OF New street and Exchange place. the
ferryboat passing through the canal
little further to the north. a stream ran
through what is now Maiden Lane Next
above, where Ferry street 10 now. was Beck
mans Park. large tract OF wet land from
which stream ran into the East River. Still
m ore to the north lay the Collect Pond u large
body OF water said to have been seventy ieet
In depth. situated In basin on the site
where now stands tho prison known as the
Tombs. 1t Is interesting TO learn that. on this
small lake, Fitch launched his first sten mhoat.
strean called the Wrock Brook ran from the
Collect to the East R!ver through a low
meadow, and emptied into the estuary at the
loot OF what Is now Roosevelt street. There
WAS formerly bridge across this, on
the Old road corresponding to what is
now Park Row. The main outlet OF
tho Collect was by Etream running
to the North River. through the Lspenard
swamp. which covered very large surface.
extending from Duane street on the south to
Spring street on tho north. large stono
bridge crossed this wator course. at Canal
street. II appears that. In the year 1896. u
project was submitted by gncers TO tho city
authorities. for maxim; dock or basin OF tho
Collect. as II safe harbor for shipping. and to
carry on the surplus water from that quarter
by meanY Of ship canal Nine years later O
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-06-25

got to the end OF the mischief To the
Weather OF those who hlro cabs. the pay
mont OF fares In excess OF the authorized
rates would BIO OF no consequence pecuniarily
considered. but II would be OF consequence
to the less wealthy and more numerous who
| nro. in some cases. Obliged TO hire them. and
| who. in other cases. would be prevented from
| hiring them when fatigue or hurry prompted.
or course. Mr.. Spencer does not mean that
through tho mind Of ono who refuses the un-
| warranted demand there suddenly pass
| thoughts OF oil these ultimate results. 1t Ia
| meant rathor that II one has occasionally traced
out tho ranlfying effects OF mons actions, he Is
| Immediately conscious that breach Of the un-
| Outstanding tactly entered into whom ho took
! tho cab tends toward evil He is aware, for
instance, that ulo giving Of considerable Era-
tuitlcs to the servants at English hotels has had
tho effect Of making thor places so profitable
that they have had 10 buy them from the land
lords: and he is aware that aimee the Dystem
OF charging for servants IN tho bill has
been established In England tho practice OF
giving gra:uitie3 TO servants has been growing
UP aircsh. anu that It Ia certain to be presently
taken account OF by The landlords and will end
In reduction OF wages. Tha. IL, the employer Of
q cabmnn will recognize the general truth that
dcvet!ons from Tho normal relation OF pay
ments proportional to services are sure after
many mlSCnloNOOS p6rturbatlDnE, 10 cnu IN TO-
establishment OF the relation; and being pos
sesscd by this general truth, he will decline, in
the interests of all those who will. in the long
run. DO njuriousy affected. to encourage a
vicious system.
Genernlzing the conclusions drawn from
this instance. and also from the practice Of
tipping porters and guards on English rail-
ways Mr.. spencer maintains that exchange
Of benefits should always conform as
nearly as possible to actual or tacit contract
where there is one: or. where there ia no con-
tract. to such conceived one as might have
reasonably been made That social life may be
carried on smoothly without Gratuities there
is conclusive proof. We are reminded that
generation ago. while there still fingered much
OF the purity which at first characterized
American institutions. employees. and. among
others. the servants In hotels. looked for
nothing beyond the wages they had contracted
to receive for services rendered In England.
too, at the present time there are to be found.
even among the more necessitous. those who |
will not accept more than they have bargained
to get. Mr.. Spencer can himself recall the
case OF a poor workwoman who. seeming to DO
undergrad by the sum she asked. declined to |
receive the extra amount he offered her The |
deduction is that it 10 quite possible to have on
both sides resistance to retrograde form Of |
social cooperation. |
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-06-25
SOME NEW BooE2
M. Ter, sp,reer.. --latest moot.

Mr.. HInprrr SPENCER has at last beon abb,
n complete tho second volume OF " Tho Prlnci.
ples o, Ethics" by the Issue OF Parts V. and VI,
under the title OF NeOatire Ben.fcence AMI Post
tirs Benegcence Appleton'sL The author
admits that here the doctrine OF evolution has
not furnished guidance to the extent that no
had boped. Most Of tho conclusions drawn
empirIcally are such as right feeling. enlight-
ened by cultivated intelligence. Ind already
su1lced TO establish. Beyond certain sanctions
Indirectly referred to ir the verncation. thoro
are only here and there. conclusions. evolu-
tionary in origin. that are additional to or diff
ferent from those which are curront
What distinction docs tho author have in
mind when he discriminates negative from
positive beneflcence3 Under the former term
no contemplates the species OF beneflcent
conduct which is characterized by passivity In
deed or word at times when egoistic advan-
tage or pleasure might he Gninod by action.
Nnny forms OF seIf-restraint not commonly
regarded as ethlcaliy enjoined ought never
theless to be so regarded. and IRE here pointed
out and emphasized. After these are doalt with
those kinds OF action alone recognized In the
ordinary conception OF kind doing. but which
ase hero distinR ulshed as positive benef-
eence. Under this head arc comprised all
actions which imply sacrifice OF some
ching actually or potentially possessed
that another or others may be beno-
fited-sncrifce. It may be. Of strength which
would otherwise be economical. sacrifice OF
the product Of efforts actually obtained. or OF
Che forthcoming product OF efforts made in the
NJ Tn MI fhaaa fhara n approXimafa loss
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-06-25
i i.

In the coins and currency OF Manhattan Island
Mr.. Berthold Fern ow has found material for an
Interesting chapter. Until near the end OF the
seventeenth century wampum was the most
used circulating medium. not only in trans
actions between the settlers and the Indians.
but between the colonists themselves. AS late
as Nov. 10. 1892. We find the Governor and
Council issuing a proclamation to the effect
that all wampumpeaRe. commonly known
by the name OF black wampum. shall
be valued after tho rate OF three black
wampums to one styver. and twenty such
styvers shall be valued and taken for one
gullder or sixpence current money OF this
province" Six white wampums were made
equal to three black ones. Sums from ten
shillings to five pounds were legal tender II
presented in loose or unstrung wampum. but
larger amounts had to be strung upon thread.
The white wampum was made from the shell
OF the conch or periwinkle: the black or rather
purple. from hard-she clans. The shell was
broken into pieces rubbed smooth on a stone
till aboutthethickness Of clay pipe STEM then
cut and pierced with drill. When clipped into
the proper lengths three sixtecnths OF an inch.
these beads were strung on thin strips Of deer
leather. and then frequently made into
belts. The absence and uselessness OF
coin made necessary still other circulating
media for the trade with the Indians. or
these the most important was gunpowder.
The mode OF paying this was by the handful,
which led to the complaint that. when the ma
tives had to receive payment. they would al
ways send the men with the biggest hands.
In their trade among themselves and with
ncighboriag colonies. the merchants OF New
Amsterdam used beaver skins. wheat, tobacco.
lumber. and other articles Of barter. The
hrst order mentioning the currency OF the
province was issued by Gov. Richard Nicolls
in February, 1864 s. Itdirerts that the pay
mont Tor goods imported shall TO paid rs for
merly. in beaver pay. at q gu!idcrs or lbs. I'D.
Il beaver"
After the peace with Spain and her Am ericar
colonies had opened to thu merchants Of
New York new field for their operations
lot OF ou'landish coins found thor way to
tho cash boxes OF Now Amsterdam. We got
tho first intimation Of tho value Mt which these
coins were current In Now York. from rulo
made by the Court OF hsszes. Oct 3, 1872. that
"A good piece OF Eight OF Spanish coin OF
Mexico, Seville. or Pillar shall DO valued and
70 for q GhiliinGs: Boston shilling for ono
shilling current pay" On tho history OF these
pieces OF eight and on the Genealogy OF tho
American dollar, Alr. Fernow has collected
some facts which not only numismGtists but
the general reader will be glad to see. It
seems that on the road leading from Carlsbad
in bohemia to tho Saxon frontier Is
little village called Jopchimsthal. which
with the castle Of Freudonsteinl. only the ruins
OF which exist day. belonged 10 tho Counts
OF Schliek. The head Of this family In 1919
received from the Emperor Charles V. the
privilege Of coming "gulden groschen."
which were usually called "Joachimsthaler."
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
Il New Mining Venture.

Thos. McEniry, of Denver, arrived from
the north end of the Sandia mountains,
near San Pedro, yesterday, and filed with
the territorial, secretary charter for the
Montezuma Gold & Silver Mining COM
pany. The object of the organization is
to operate in mines, the reduction Of ores,
ETC., in Santa Fe, Bernalillo, Lincoln and
other counties in this territory. The
capital stock is $1,0O0,000 and the incor-
porators are Chas. W. Eckert, Simon
Bibo, Joseph Bibo, Thos. McEniry and
Geo. j. Humbert.
The company is organized chiefly for
for the purpose of reopening the old
Montezuma mine in the Sandals.
C"I have been fifteen years in the mining
business" said Mr.. McEniry, "and if I
make failure of the Montezuma, it will
be the first in my life. We expect to ex-
pend as much as $25,000 in developing it..
We are here to stay, and we want the
moral support of all fair minded men of
Bernalillo county, and very soon we will
show the world that the long lost Monte
yuma will be mine of which central New
Mexico may be proud"
Men were put to work on the property
a week ago last Monday, cleaning out the
old works. A pump and holster will be
necessary, as considerable of
the old drifts are under water, and the
whole will be safely timbered. The ore
at the surface is low grade, but at the
water level a fine body of gold and silver
bearing galena has been encountered.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
CONDENSED NEWS.

John Il. Sullivan was shot at in a drunk.
en- brawl in New York.
Josiah Morris & Co., leading private
bankers of Alabama, have assigned.
Mass meetings in the interest of silver
are to be held throughout California.
The Goelet schooner cup was awarded
the Alaska in the schooner race off New
port.
The Peary Arctic expedition is being
delayed at st. Johns, N. F., by the lack OF
dogs.
Barrott Scott, county treasurer of Holt
county, Neb., is short 100000 and is So
iourning in Mexico.
Mexican troops have been called out to
keep the rival candidates for governor in
Coahuila from clashing.
The betrethal of Prince John, nephew
of the king of Saxony, to Princess Maria
of Wurtumburg, is announced.
NJ. Lockroy, former French cabinet
minister, was shot in the breast by no
torious Socialist named Moore.
Three italian war ships arrived in New
York with 800 naval cadets and 200 civil
ians bound for the Worlds fair.
Pittsburg live stock dealers now refuse
checks and New York drafts in payment
of stock, accepting only cash.
The secretary of state of Missouri has
come out in letter severely denouncing
bond investment organizations.
oablegram received at st. Johns, New
Foundland, stated that Queen Victoria
had been stricken with paralysis.
Galveston bankers state that the diff.
Guilty prophesied in moving the cotton
crop has been greatly exaggerated.
Archbishop Satolli, the papal legate to
the United States, is in New York to pay
the much discussed visit to Archbishop
| Corrigan.
A frightful cyclone, which demolished
houses, barns and other buildings and
killed two children, occurred in Logan
county, ;Kas.
| Warren de Forest l. Co.'s No. knit
ting mill, Amsterdam, N. Y, has closed
for an indefinite time, throwing out 3Ot
men.
Rachel Boyle, aged "a, cut off and
broiled portion of her hip RS an offer.
l. ing to God. She is at the Philadelphia
hospital.
The Rsck Island switchmen at Kansas
City and st. Joseph have decided not to
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
CONGRESSIONAL.
SENATE.

SENATE.
WASHINGTON, Aug. Ex-senator Gordon,
of Georgia, recalled plank in the last
Democratic platform by presenting
measure to suspend for ninety days the
laws imposing 10 per cent tax on state
banks issue. He declared it would give
relief to the country in fifteen days and
would make it possible to move the I'M
mense cotton crop in the south. The
proposition was not received with any
particular warmth by the senate and went
to the finance committee.
The Lodge resolution calling for the
immediate repeal of the silver purchase
clause was called up and Senator Wolcett
demonstrated in a brilliant manner that
the Sherman law had nothing to do with
the present financial crisis.
HOUSE.
The first. Republican protest against
free coinage was delivered by Mr.. Gros-
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
Successful Kainmak ers

EMERsoN, Iowa, Aug. 16. Morris
Brothers, the professional rainmakers,
have received several orders as result
of their success in producing rain at
Bloomington, ILL.,, last week under con-
tract with the Chenoa Canning company.
Three-quarters of an inch of water fell
and, strange to say, the rain covered ex-
actly the territory the rainmakers said
they would cover. The canning company
who employed the rainmakers say they
are satisfied with the results and will pay
the money without word. Morris
Brothers do not use explosives of any
kind. They claim to have secret way
of oompounding chemicals in such way
as to cause precipitation.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16

yener, of Ohio, and was lacking neither
in sarcasm nor in satire.
Mr.. Snodgrass, of Tennessee. made a
bitter assault upon his colleague, Mr.. Pat
terson, on account of the position taken
by that gentleman against free coinage.
Mr.. Burrows offered resolution giving
Charles E. Belknap the right to contest
the seat of George q. Richardson from the
5ti i ,srict of Michigan.
Mr. Richardson (the sitting member
asked that the resolution be laid over; so
ordered.
The silver debate was then resumed,
Mr.. Hutchinson, of Texas, concluding his
remarks in favor of free coinage of silver;
he was followed by Mr.. Blanchard, who
also spoke in favor of free coinage.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
accept the proposed 10 per cent reduc-

accept the proposed 10 per cent reduc-
tion.
Two destructive fires, presumed to be
!ncendiary, visited Milwaukee, destroying
the lumber district and entailing loss of
$1,000,000.
S. D. Roberts, presiding elder OF the
Beatrice, Neb., district of the NJ. L.
church, committed suicide. His mind be-
came unbalanced by reason of financial
reverses.
A mob of drunken seamen had posses
sion of Port Townsend, Wash, Saturday
for two hours, threatening to burn the
town. Eight were arrested
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
TERRITORIAL TIPS.
ALBUQUERQUE ATOMS.

ALBUQUERQUE AIOMs.
Gabriel Chavez, 17-year youth of
Atrisco, put bullet through his hand by
accident.
Lilly, the 12-year-old daughter of Nick
Gehring, was thrown from horse and
suffers broken arm.
Ninety-one degrees isn't SO very hot,
Hades is good deal hotter, but the
humidity is something awful.-Times.
Rev. Father Fede, for several years the
Jealous and conscientious pastor Of the
church of the Immaculate Conception Of
this city, expects to leave this week for
his new field of labor in Pueblo, Colo.
Chas. Conroy, the A. & P. grocer, has
decided to withdraw one of his delivery
wagons from the streets after August
%.
B. @. Wandeil, the Las Cruces water
melon man, disposed of a carload of the
delicious fruit here and left for homo to
bring carload to Santa Fe. He has
twenty-five acres of melons and expects
to ship six carloads to territorial points.
The case of the city against DIR. Chas.
E. Winslow, for cutting ditch through
South Edith street to Coal avenue in
order to protect his property frnn dam
age by water which flooded his residence
property, during late rain, was brought
before Judge Lockhart and the doctor
was discharged.
The following is report of coal oils
inspected at the Continental Oil company
store house in this city by Territorial In
spector Hart: Oil in bulk, approved two
cars, representing about 1850 gallons.
Oil in bulk, rejected one car, rt -esenting
about $500 gallons. Case oil approved,
400 cases, representing 1000 gallons.
Case oil rejected, 404 cases. representing
about 4,O40 gallons.
LAS VEGAS LOCALS.
A number of Nebraska families camped
on the edge of town, Saturday night.
They had four large wagons, carriage
and twenty head of horses. They were
travelling through the country looking for
a location.
d. s. Mes, of York, Pa, died at the
Montezuma hotel Monday night, at 10:30,
of consumption, aged about % years. Mr..
Mes has spent most of his time for the
last five years in Colorado and New Mex
leo, seeking relief from the disease which
had fastened itself upon him.
Frank Mcdonald, last week made ar
for running lunch rooms in
connection with the Elite saloon. He
bought and paid for the necessary outfit,
and began business Sunday morning
August 9th. He was seen during
Tuesday, in the old town, but no one has
since seen him or heard of him.
He left his trunk and all his clothing, ex-
cept what he had ON, in his room, where
they still remain.
There was report in town of the acci-
dental shooting of a woman, at one of
the outlying villages, but accounts of it
differ. One says that at Los Ojitos Fri
llos, small settlement six miles south of
here, a woman was shot by man named
Maestas. He was examining pistol,
when it was accidentally discharged, kill
ing the woman. Maestas'is under arrest.
The other story is that at Salitre, a set
tlement southwest of town about ten
miles, Gertrude Pineda, aged 18 years,
was shot by Maximo Benavides, aged 60.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
Settled mt Inst.

PARIS, Aug. 16.-The decision of the
Bering Sea tribunal arbitration was
handed down yesterday. The American
arbitrators have expressed their satis-
faction with the text of the decision.
They believe that the regulations de-
cided upon by the tribunal mean practi
cally the end of pelagic sealing and are
better terms than were heretofore offered
to the United States by Great Britain as
settlement of the question involved
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
Gold ana silver In spain.

MADRID, Aug. 16.-The recent PROPOSE
ton of the government to compel the
payment of customs duties in gold, which
would have been equivalent to heavy
increase, has met with SO many protests
from the commercial circles of every part
of the country that the government has
now disclaimed any design TO require the
payment of duties in gold.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16

The shooting took place at $50 Sunday
evening. The coroner and deputy sheriff
went out, and the verdict was that the
woman came to her death from wound
inflicted by a muzzle-loading rife, in the
hands of Bena, ides, but whether acci-
dental or not was not stated. Benavides
was brought to town and lodged in jail.
-Ontic
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
Wiped Out.

EVEN, Mich, Aug. 16.-Matchwood, a
little town of 200 inhabitants on the
Duluth, South Shore q Atlantic railway,
twenty-five miles south of Ortanagon,
was entirely wiped out by fire yesterday
afternoon. The people saved but little,
being compelled to fly for their lives.
Santa Fe daily New Mexican. [volume] (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1885-1897, 1893-08-16
The Northern Pacific

New YoRK, Aug. 16.-Thomas F. Cakes,
of New York, H. W. Payne, of Milwaukee,
nd Henry Gross, president of the Mis-
souri,, Kansas q Texas railroad, were ap-
pointed yesterday as receivers of the
Northern Pacific railroad