davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

tablished laws Of the kingdom that,
although the Siamese call themselves
the Thai, sthe Free" and their king
dom the Muung Thai, sthe free king
dom" they are practically under the
same kind Of government as most
other Asiatlcs.
The King of Siam Is, comparatively
speaking, a rich monarch, having an
annual revenue somewhat exceeding
92, 900, 900, of which sum G2S7, 600
come from the land taxes, 500, 900
from the taxes on fruit trees, G1OO,-
900 from. the spirit tax, a120, 900
from the opium tax, s1OO, coo from
the gambling tux, 9l43,0 900 from the
customs duties, $50, 900 from the tin
tax, s27, 900 from the tax on edible
birds nests. and about the Same
amount from the fisheries tax. AS
all the taxes are, however, farincd
out. and Siamcse tax farmers are no
more honest than the people Of the
same business in other parts of the
world. his Majesty of Siam loses no
small sum annually from the pccuia-
tions and Embellishments of his
agents, and it is ven asserted that
scarcely more than half the amount
due reaches the royal Golfers. He
probably makes up the difference in
the personal service exacted from all
Siamese natives, every Siamese in
habitant of the Kingdom being re-
quircd. III called upon, to give at
least three months labor in the year
to his sovereign. The result may be
beneficial, 81 far as the King is con-
cerned, but as he frequently calls for
this service at u time when the crops
should be planted, or cultivated, or
gathered, the result is far from benc-
fetal to either the agriculture or tho
general prosperity of the kingdom.
A similar state of things prevails in
regard to military service, all the in
habitants being required to render it,
exceptions, however, being made In
favor of the priests; of the Chinese,
who are taxed instead: of slaves: of
government officials, and of those who
are willing and able to purchase cx-
emption by hiring a substitute. The
| whole kingdom is practically, there.
fore, at the Kings command both in
| time of peace and of war, and AL
though 1T is, in some respects, n of
the richest countries on the globe, its
natural advantages lie unimproved,
and a territory almost the size Of
| Texas has thus an annual export of
only about sl2, 900, 900 a year, con
sisting mostly of rice, tea, pepper,
and other tropical products.
Bangkok q Singular City.
Bangkok, the capital, is in many
respects a singular city. Its popula.
tion is estimated all the way from
500, 900 to 1000, 900, and is curiously
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
SIAM AND IT'S PEOPLE.
FACTS ABOUT THE LAND OF THE
WHITE ELEPHANT.
Causes Of tho Dla,culty Between France
aud slam-Extent of the siamese EN-
plre-Its Great Natural wealth-Its Capt.
tai the Oriental Venice.
Coveted by the French.

The trouble between Siam and
France, is only another phase Of the
overcoming and n%ever-ending East
.ern question, the difference between
this and former appearances being
that in this case the trouble broke
out a little further east than usual.
For over 200 years the French have
been longing for an Eastern empire.
In the time of Louis XIV. the dream
of empire seemed about to be real
lied, and but for the almost acct
: dental formation of a company of
English traders the Empire OF India
might have teen French instead Of
English. The marvellous growth
of the East India Company, the
equally marvellous success of its
armed agents in Hindostan, put an
end to the French hopes, and
until the present generation little or
nothing was accomplished. About
1881 the French, however, estab-
lished a foothold in the Indo-C Chinese
Peninsula, and by treaty with the
: government of Cochin China acquired
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
AS Good as a seashore Cottage.

"Are you going to the seashore this
summer" Jones asked of Brown. "N-not
exactly" said Brown, "but we're going.
to accomplish the same result without
going from home at all" What do
you mean?" "Why, it's this way: You
see, when q person Of my means takes
q cottage at the seashore he, Of course,
gets o poor sort of shanty, because We
can't afford O large, finely finished and
well-furnished house. You know the
sort of place the usual summer cottage
is. Well, we've decided to accomplish
tho result in another way. We're go
ing to o up into the attic for the
sumner sum- Move up into the attic.
like q seashore cottage. The sun beats
down on the shingles and raises
tho temperature above 100 degrees
every sunny summer day; that's just
like q seashore cottage, too. When it!
rains the water doesn't beat through
our roof, to be sure, as it does through,
the roofs of the seashore cottages, but
VIC can remedy that by poking q fewl
holes through the shingles here and
there, and getting the roof mended in
the fall. It will smell a little stuffy,
but that is eminently like o seashore,
cottage. We shall keep q clothes
basket full Of unwashed clam shells.
/ standing in the corner to produce a
realistic effect. On the whole we shall,
be ever SO much moro comfortable in
our own accustomed garnet than We
! would be ut the seaside, and we shall
have this inestimable advantage, that
when we get sick of it we car simply
move right down into our own comfort
able home, whereas if we were at the
shore and paying q high price for q
''ttage we should feel bound to stick
out to the bitter end. Oh, I tell you
II is q great STANDARDIZATION Tran
cur;,,x
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

of the yeast into the moist dough and
the addition of heat when the pan is
placed near the fire produces an enor-
nous growth OF the yeast fungi-the
yeast germ" in other words. These
fungi effect q destructive fermentation
of q portion of the starchy matter of
the flour-one of the most valuable
nutrient elements in the flour. The
fermentation produces carbonic acid
gas, and this, having its origin in
every little particle of the starch,
which is itself everywhere in the flour,
pushes aside the particles of the dough
to give itself room. This is what is
called raising the bread"
1t needs but a glance to SEQ that it is,
in its effects on the dough, purely me
chanical. Tho dough, which was be-
fore a close-grained mass, is now full
of little holes, and when cooked in this
condition is what we ordinarily call
light. This porous quality of the bread
enables the stomach to rapidly and
easily digest it, for the gastric juices
quickly soak into and attack it from all
sides. The fermentation of the dough,
however, uses up a portion of the nu-
tricnt elements of the loaf. If it be
possible, therefore, to produce q light
porous loaf without this destruction
and without the "kneading" process,
which fills the dough with germs and
filth, and without the long period dur
ing which the raising process goes on,
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
SOME SANITARY ASPECTS OF
eREAD.MAKlNG.
BY CYRIJs EDISON. M. n.

Health Commissioner, New York City.1
1t is necessary, if one would UNDER
stand the sanitary aspects of bread
making, to fully comprehend tho pres
emit theory held by scientists of germs
and tho part played by them in disease.
The theory Of disease germs is merely
the name given to the knowledge had
Of these germs Ivy medical men, q
knowledge which is the result of innu-
merable experiments. Being this, the
old term of q theory" has become q
misnomer. A germ of O disease is a
plant SO small that I do not know how
to express intelligibly to the general
reader its lack of size. When this
germ is introduced into the blood or
tissues of tho body. its action appears
to be analogous to that which takes
place when yeast is added to dough. 1t
attacks certain elements of the blood
or tissues, and destroys them, at the
same time producing new substances.
But the germs of the greater part Of
the germ diseases, that is, of the infec-
tious and contagious diseases, will de-
velop OF increase in number without
being in the body of u human being,
provided always you give them the
proper conditions. These conditions
are to be found in dough which is be-
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
A DETACHMENT OF sIAMEsE ARTILLERY.

matters not which, between the peo-
pie Of Tonquin and the French,
and after a bloody struggle this
country, the. dependency OF China,
was made French province. This
left tt two French possessions in
this part Of Asia widely separated,
and In order to consolidate them the
coast territory lying between them
and known as Anam was taken pos
session OF. The area of Cochin China
Is estimated at %, 900 square miles,
and its population at 1000, 600.
Cambodia has an area of 3S, O0O
square miles and an estimated popu-
lation of 1,s0O,O 900. .Tonquin has
an estimated area of a 1000 square
miles and a population of 5000, 900,
while Anam has 40, 900 square miles
Of area and 5000, 900 inhabitants,
the aggregation of all these giving a
very fair start for q colonial en-
pire.
To the west of this territory lies
the valley of the great river Menang,
which, rising in Thibet, over 1000
miles away, flows with many wind
tngs in q general southeastern course
through Thibet, asportion of China,
q part Of British Burmah and Siam,
passing through the French domin-
Ions just before entering the sea.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

ure produce carbonic acid gas, and
having done this, disappear. Its leav-
ening strength has been found supe-
rior to other baking powders, and us
far as I know, it is the only powder
which will raise large bread perfectly.
Its use avoids the long period during
which the yeast-made dough must
stand in order that the starch may fer
ment, and there is also no kneading
necessary.
The two materials used in the Royal,
cream of tartar and soda, are perfectly
harmless, v e when eaten. But they
are combined in exact compromising
weights, SO that when chemical action
begins between them they practically
disappear, the substance of both hav-
ing been taken up to form the carbonic
acid gas. More than this, tho proper
method OF using the powder insures
the most thorough mixing with the
flour. The proper quantity being
taken, it is mixed with the flour and
stirred around in it. The mixture is
then sifted several times, and this In
sures that in every part of the flour
there shall be q few particles Of the
powder. The salt and milk or water
being added, the dough is made up as
quickly as possible, and nodded into
the loGves.
These are placed in the oven and
baked. But the very moment the
warmth and moisture attack tho mix
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

the gain in food and the gain in the
avoidance OF the germs is exceedingly
plain.
But while we car easily see the dam
gers which attend the use of yeast it is
certain that the vesiculating effect
produced by it on the dough is to the
last degree perfect. 1t is apparent
that If We are to substitute any other
system of bread making we must have
one which will give us, first. mechan-
cal results equally as good, that is, that
will produce minute bubbles of car
bonic acid gas throughout the mass of
dough. Now it is in no way difficult to
produce carbonic acid gas chemically,
but when we r working at bread we
must use such chemicals US are per-
fectly healthful. Fortunately these
are not hard to find.
The evils which attend the yeast-made
bread are cbviatcd by tho use of a
| properly made, pure and wholesome
baking powder in lieu of yeast. Bak-
ing powders are composed of an acid
and an alkali, which, if properly COM
bined, should when they unite at once
destroy themselves and produce car
bonic acid as. A good baking powder
does it's work while the loaf is in the
oven, and, having done it, disappears.
But care is imperative in selecting
the brand of baking powder to be Ger.
tain that it is composed of non-in-
furious chemicals. Powders contain
ing alum or those which are COM
pounded from impure ingredients, or
those which are not combined in prop
er proportion or carefully mixed and
which will leave either an acid or an
alkali in the bread. must not be used.
1t is we'll to sound a tote of warning
in this direction, Dr. the change from
the Objectionable yeast to an inn
pure baking powder will be a case of
jumping from the frying pan into the
fire.
The best baking powder made Is, as
shown by analysis, the Royal" It
contains absolutely nothing but cream
Of tartar and soda, refined to O chem
ical purity, which when combined
under the influence of heat and moist
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
Wonderful Helen keller.

Helen Keller, tho wonderful deaf,
dumb, and blind girl, who has been
taught 30 much despite her triple af-
Fiction, has been visiting Prof. Gra-
ham Bell, in Washington. She has
lately taken up the study Of French.
and already has a good knowledge Of
the language. In a letter to q friend
she once wrote: II am always delighted
books are SO full of the riches Of which
Mr.. Ruskin speaks that 1 love them so
dearly. Ibid not realize until I began.
to write the sketch what p~recious.co com
panions books have been to me, and
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

Siam to give up about one-third to
one-fourth of its best territory.
This. in brief. is an explanation Of
the difficulty between France and
Siam.
The limits of Siam on the north
and east have always been rather in
definite, for to the north, adjoining
British Burmah, there lay a number
of semi-independent states, which
sometimes owned allegiance to Siam
and sometimes to Burmah, as the In
fluence of one or the other preponder-
atcd. The same difficulty existed in
the east. where the Anamites some
times paid tribute to China and
sometimes to Siam. Siam itself has
in times past been a dependency of
the Chinese Empire, and eve now a
sort of allegiance is acknowledged and
a tribute paid. So far as the Siam
csc territory a be estimated, its ut
most limits at the time Of its great
est extent were about 1900 miles
from north to south and 200 miles in
width, or very nearly one-third the
size of the United States. That,
however, was before the English con-
quests in Burmah, which considera-
| bly, reduced the nominal size of the
empire. Its present area is esti-
mated at 25O, 900 square miles, while
it has a population of 1000, 900 Siam
csc, 1000, 900 L%uosians, and 1,OOO,-
900 each of Chinese or Malays.
Government of Siam.
The Government of Siam is in
some respects much like that of other
countries having a limited monarchy,
while in n particular it is curiously
different. There are two Kings. a
first and a second, each of whom has
a state establishment, but only one
is honored as a sovereign, the other
acting as a sort of Prime Minister.
The whole country is divided into
districts, the government of each be-
ing administered by a local official
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

mixed and cosmopolitan. Siamese
and Chinese p%redominats in its
streets, though the Malays are also
very numerous, and frequent Euro
peans in its streets demonstrate
the presence Of Western civil.
lization and interest. They are,
in fact, the leaven Of Siam,
and to their influence and the spread
of Western ideas are due the various
improvements noticeable in the great
city, from which political power pro-
ceeds to the utmost boundaries Of
Siam. The army is Differed by
Europeans, chiefly English and Danes,
the navy is commanded by Euro.
peans, and of the many business en-
terprises in Siam, most of those
which connect it with the outside
world are superintendent by Euro
peans. There ia little love lost, how
ever, between the native and foreign
elements of society, and the intense
hatred felt for all foreigners by the
large Chinese population may at any
moment prove disastrous to all for
eign interests. English, French,
German, Russian are all alike to the
low-class Cinnamon, who cannot dis
tinguish between their languages,
and all are hated alike. There is
every reason to believe, therefore,
that the presence of a hostile fleet in
the river may at any time excite the
passions of the populace to an uncon-
trollable degree, and mob violence
in the East has a meaning which is
unknown in Western lands.
Bangkok is the Eastern Venice.
Formerly all its houses we're built on
the land, but the prevalence of chol.
era many years ago so alarmed the
Government that it ordered the
houses on the banks to be abandoned
and.directed the people to live on the
river itself. Thousands upon thous-
ands of houses were consequently
built on RATS and moored to the
banks Of the river, and although the
policy of river houses has been to
some extent modified by the Govern
ment, no inconsiderable part Of the
capital is still on the waters of the
Menam. The houses are of slight
materials, constructed on bamboo
RATS, each attended by a canoe, for
to the river resident of Bangkok q
skiff is as indispensable as a street
car to the suburban resident in an
American city.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
A Georgia Marriage Ceremony.

A justice of the peace in Sanders
Vile, Ca, being called upon to perform
q marriage ceremony, is accused of
concluding with, by the authority
vested in me as an officer Of the State
of Georgia, which is sometimes called
the Empire State of the South; by the
fields of cotton that lie spread out in;
snowy whiteness around US; by the,
howl OF the coon dog, and the gourdi
vino whose clinging tendrils will shade
the entrance to your humble dwelling
place; by the red and luscious heart Of
the watermelon whose sweetness filisI
the heart with joy; by the heavens and
earth, in the presence Of these Wit
nesses, I pronounce you man and wife,
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

The Menang is the greatest river in
that part Of Asia, both in the length
of its course and the volume Of its
waters, comparing favorably with the
Ganges, the Indus or Brahma-P ootra.
The French found that the possession
Of the coast lying to the east of the
river was of little value without the
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

ther conquests began, and the sur.
rounding country began to suffer. IE
the following year the kingdom of
Cambodia was formally taken under
the protection of France, which then
began to extend it's dominions still
further to the north. In 1884 trou-
BILE broke out, or was provoked, it
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
RIVER HOUSES IN BANGKOK.

the island of Pulo Condula and the
right to establish a station on the
main land. The right, however, was
never exercised until 1915, when, a
dispute arising between the French
and the government of Cochin China,
Saigon, the capital, was occupied,
and the whole of Cochin China be-
came a French province. In 1862 fur
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

river valley itself, and accordingly,
to secure possession of this valuable
and coveted territory, they laid claim
to the east hank of the Menang and
all its islands. AS through a large
part of it's lower course the river
flows through Siamese territory, this
claim was equivalent to a demand on
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

cended the throne in 1868, and who
governs by means Of a council of six
Princes and from ten to twenty mem
bers appointed by himself. Nomi-
nally a limited monarchy, there arc
SO many ways Of setting aside the es,
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18
Blockaded by Bees.

A swarm of bees entered the cab Of
Q locomotive at Huntington, Pa. drove
the engineer and fireman out, ga
stopped travel on the roalsNntVS ae
farmer owning the inyadf @S&6Al.
and effected their rom
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

The mosquito gives you some mu.
sic and then takes up a collection for
it,. -Gaiveston News.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

how blessed even my life has been, and
now l am happier than over because I
do realize the happiness that has come
to me-" This was written two years
ago, when she was but III years old.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

ture Of CT
two ingrJ
and carboj
evolved.
seen at q 8
during the
oven, and thu
all conceivable
Here, then,
germs of disease
and. thence intoN
than that, the bred
sweet as possible, II
no time in which 1t Cd
involves the fact thai
made will keep longery
likely to be contaminated
that effect the souring proN
1t will be strange If the
visitors to the Worlds Fair
greatly increase the number of
tagious diseases, which we will ha
treat. Under these circumstance
it not folly OF follies to open q sing
channel through which these germ
may reach us? Is it not tho part o.
wisdom to watch with the greatest caroN
all that we eat and drink, and to see
that none but the safest and best meth
dds r employed in the preparation Of
our food? 10 me it Gems as though
there could be but one answer to ques-
tions like these.
1 have shown the danger Of using
tho yeast-raised bread, and with this 1
have shown how that danger may DO
avoided. The ounce of prevention,
which in this case is neither difficult
nor expensive, is certainly worth many
pounds of cure, and the best thing
| aho,,t H. ia TINT ~ ,no,, ho ro1iod m o5.,
or biscuits or rolls made at home with,
Royal baking powder may be sure they
have absolutely stopped one channel
through which disease may reach
them.
observation-disclosures desiring information
in regard to the preparation Of the bread.
strongly urges for general use. should write to
the Royal BnkinR Powder Company, Now York
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1893-08-18

who is siamcse, or Luosian, or Malay,
according to the prominenceo of people
of these nationalities in the popula-
tion. The reigning King is Chula-
long Kom l., known also as Som
detch Phra Paraminde Maha, who as
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1893-10-07
Concentrating the Suns Heat.

Everybody knows that convex lenses
Of glass have wonderful power of con-
centrating the sun $ rays, and yet few
ever stop 10 consider the enormous
amount Of heat that is being constantly
emitted by the great light -giver 81 the
solar system. Parker, an English
optIcian, once constructed lens three
feet IN diameter, the powers Of which
were SO great that it would melt a solid
cube of cast iron in three seconds.
When turned upon q piece Of granite
1t fused that refractory substance IN
less than one minute. Using the abo:e
facts as a basis We may get some start
ling deductions nv few minutes #
figuring: II cast IRON will melt n
three seconds underi,hs concentration
OF seven square feet OF sunshine. i.
would melt in less than the milllone.h
square mile Of concentrated rays. Nov,
as the earth Is constantly racelvIa as
much sunshsn. a. would illuminate
50, 600, 600 square miles OF Ia. surface,
and even this vas. quantity IS a. uo'h.
ing for the earth only receives tae
rays with which i come. II colts~:
when they are being sho. out ia.o