The sun., 1893-04-02
VOTES os sunsor AND 1xDusrsY.

Il.
II is the opinion Of mnny metallurgists and
chemists that chromium steel has an impor.
tant future before It. and that the special aues.
ton OF steel alloys or combinations will be
found to possess no little practical importance
to the world at large. as perhaps the means oi
eventually enabling engineers to design and
carry out works Of magnitude not at present
possible. II is believed. however. that the use
OF chromium as an addition to cast iron. in any
sbiiities; that Il. Il coniers hsrdnsss. not
per se. but owing to the property Il pos. pos
sued with basis Of good wrought iron scrap,
showing small percentages OF sulphur and
quantities OF ferro. chromium containing .
per cent OF carbon and W per cent q chro-
mot easy. owing 70 the matt nature o the
rich ferro-chromium. and pieces 81 the latter
come out OF the crucibles nnmelted, though
is allowed to diminish even for a short time.
soS eoSs he mstns 0f
carefully conducted and the heat well main
ss ths s ng
alloy steels, though cooling rapidly.
Some notable American and French devices
are among the recent railway inventions. In
cluded In the former is what is termed COM
or closed. the seats so arranged as to leave an
aisle down the centre. as in the ordinary rail
way coach. The windows large. with
eacl, window has two ,sashes. which may be
readily let down into the bottom OF the car.
earein car rough weather 'fhi the windows being
Si.ssd far 10 Frame. i j isssnioSs Fl pi pisin 1ss %
fs5a ss9HSs ths hsn
@ into m 'ss ssoose IN the tre eoe and
tire ,einC rvetel together. the bars bent
Ssas SSnS 1 se & ss hs rpSs nSa
ward bored out and the cnst.steel AXLE forced
% whesi Is @ snid to I be W srsetieaiiy interminabie
under ordinary conditions.
number OF interesting charts. illustrating
the colors OF the ocean. have been presented
to the Paris Museum by Prof. Pouchot with
accompanying explanations. It is we'll
known that NJ. pouchot some time aEo
proved. after extended Investigations. that
the differences in the color OF various parts Of
and insects. and the new chsrts in auestion
sssoelate n de Gar s.s WnscSed d osether e tie
Atlantc from spitzberEehh M to @ Scotland and the
ton. n Their o. observations snow that % the transi.
tion from one color TO another is often very
then It changes to green as soon as the Nor
wegian fiords are entered. For such sudden
ans he pTs Ts.
been known for centuries that blue is the pre-
vailing color in active water. the most recently
published observations show that such color
distinguishes other localities also.
A superior quality Of glass bottles has for
some time been manufactured OF peculiar
material and by q special process. at Finedon.
England. The factory is situated in close
contiguity to the blast furnace Of the village
the molten Stag is run from the furnace it is
the latter Siemens regeneratiye gas furnace
annlied to glass melting tank m enahes hIesd the
sssnaeSsy a"9dns @ % 0spsS I1
glass are fed into the tank 10 chnrges Of about
molten Flag. the remainder being the other in
gredents such az tad sand and and uikalies These
tank. the fused metal flowing through
bridge to the Other end OF the tank. where
are WORKING 5o% Ehss thG
articles in the usual way. the principa! prod
ucts being winenn beer bottles The daily out
operations have been SO satisfactory as to call
for a considerable increase OF the plant. The
s,ron iron ger thnn the ordinary article. and. though
tho natural tint is green. the color can be
varied as REQUIRED: and; as the material comes
for the worker. its working qualities are said
to be OF the highest order.
The opinion Is expressed by some noted en-
ginesrs Mt present that the only possibility OF
great power with safety at the
speed required in modern mills by means Of
toothed gearing. lies in reducing the length Of
the teeth. and in many cases their breadth.
the fact being that. owing to imperfertions in
only com rnrntiyely small proportion o; the
length OF tooth really comes into action
ever. the teeth actually have n long bear
the points, the risk Of breakaee is N pch great
er than when the contact is restricted to a
portion Of the surface and nearer the centre OF
the wheel; The essential part Of gearing prac.
IL that the teeth must be spaced accurately.
and that. before Que pair OF teeth part contact.
the sneSeedihlg pniT must thNv come intn gear
form Of the curve OF the teeth is perhaps one OF
the least important features IN connection
with the design Of wheel gearing. provided
that the deviation from the correct theoretical
shape Is not excessive.
Quito an advantage ia said to be gained In
the manufacture OF fabrics by some recent i'm
In the buffers or springs for the
nipping rollers in constructing scrapers and
for preventing such fabric collecting ut the
siueS OF me nHchlne curing IT'S trnHel 10 the
nipping roller. For pressing tho latter to-
gloyed. In combination with adjusting screws.
the spriDgs being placed In tubular cavities
form I'D In the side frame: the bearing blocks
Of the movable nlpping rollers are formed with
shanks. which arc constructed to slide IN the
between the hanks and the buffers are adjust
ing screws. having hand wheels, and arranged
10 screw through screw-threa1ed caps
fixed on tho frames sthus operating the
screw. the .pressure on the buffers can
he increased or diminished. The scr0pers.
the backs OF which are Of iron. and the faces
composed Of strips OF brass. are not liable to
be affected by the dye liquor, these scrapers
ihe centre Of the roller. and mounted on the
behring's of tho roller. otherwise 1t would re-
Inire adjustin. each time the roller il moved.
10 prevent the fabric from collecting at tho
sides Of the vat n cross piece or guide support
Is used so as to be capable Of sliding In bearing
pieces liked on the side Of the vat. and In each
brarinE piece il u rubber or elastic cushion for
ha croaS uiape IN AZ aDaipst Thua ha tha