, 1893-05-24
THE LARGEST STEAMER
AFLOAT.
Tsmss, 21N April.

The new steamer CampaniH, built by the
Fairfield Company for the Cunard Line, has
now completed her progressive TRIALS De-
tween the Clyde and Liverpool, ana the
builders have realized all that was required
~ them and in soms respects very much
more As boats have increased in size and
nower the test Of the measured mile has
baoome uf less value, and at times lnconve'
nient to those who happen to be Oh the shore
at the time of trial. A vessel OF the size OF
tho Campania. driving through the water at a
rate approaching 81 statute miles an hour,
produces a wave that plays havoc with tne
foreshors so, after making one or two
runs on the first days of the trials, with
results of about a knot in excess OF the con-
tract. the Skelmorlie mile was abandoned fol
the long distance trials. Frequent runs
between the Cloch light and the Cumbrao
gave over 224 knots, and a longer run, round
Ailsa Craig, approached % knots, or Z64
statute miles. The Umbria, when tired on
the milo on October 9, 1884, made Z0loo
, knots. So that the Campania may be taken
to DO at least 2 | kno's faster. 1t 10 una as
speeds are increased that the disparity be
tween smooth water and Atlantic steaming -
leasened. provided the bulls OF the ooa'S
are properly fashioned to deal with heavy
weather.
The Campania is SCOT. long by 6'ft Sin.
broad and ISL. deep. She is only 72ft. shorter
shan the Great Eastern, but her lines being
finer and her depth far less her grosA to mage,
or cubioal contents, is leN than half hat OF
Brunsl's failure.
The engines Of the Campania are of 100000
horsepower. The diameter of the two high
nressure cylinders is 37in. each the diameter
of the intermediate 10 70 in, and OF the two
low pressure 93in. Thsspace occupied by these
engines 10 not greater than that required by
some uf mucl less power, and 1t has neel
found uossible TO pack into the hull OF tho
Campania two acts Of engines, eide oy Slue'
each of which is greater in power tnan the
engines of the Umbrla, and at the same Time
to provide ample and even large space lor
access to every part of them. Inc plStons
v,iston.roIs and connecting-rods OF the en-
zines weigh about 100 tons; they nave a
stroks Of 60in.. and at 81 revolutions, the
~ormal .nesd Of the engines, this enormous
wa;oht Ia moved q distance OF nearly I,OoUft.
each minute. The crank shaft 10 26in. In
diameter. and each OF the three intefc hange.
able parts weighs ::27 tons These, with the
thrust shaft. 14ft. long, make Op a total OF
40 Mons for each crank shaft. Tbs propeller
aG ahaSt liz 24in. in diameter, and 10 lifted IN
Inngths Of 24ft., each length having two
beariug. and the thrust block is fitted with
T IA rings. The propeller, which is placed on
the end of the shaft without any, exterior
oysrhanging bracket, Ia three bla'ted. and
each blade weighs eight tons, or 4S tons IN
ali. A great novelty in this part of the
machinery consists in tn addition 6 what is
described as an emergency go ernor, In the
event of a fir seizure of ths propeller shaft, or
upon anything occurring which would result
in the racing Of tile screw beyond. say 1870
revolutions per minute. the governor will get
upon the reversing gear. place the ea eulric
links into mid gear. and thus stop tho
engines. This novelty has been designed to
nreyent such a ,tas: no 'he MS that which
occurred in the engine-room Of the Paris three
years ago.
The saloon of tho YES ell is vast apartment
capable of seating at dinner 4So people. 1t
extends across the entire vessel for a length
Of loaft.. and is IL big as many a provincial
town hall. The ceiling is panelled in while
and gold, and the sides are emit ely OF dark