The sun., 1893-07-09

Pref rr..-.. o. reser., e.v.r--.u..

Erots hFe.sAh - StoSrSa S0Nsrt-SHN
The students Of political history are muo
Indebted to Macmillan q Co. for issuin q. under
new title second edition Of a book which frs
appeared in 1868: History OF Federal Gorern
rnent in Greece and Ralp. by the late EDWARD A
FREEMAN. Why the author ceased to carr,
on tho work. Of which this volume was 70 b
the first installnen., ia made plain by tn,
original title. which was: History OF Fedora
Government from the Foundation OF the Acha
Tan League to the Disruption OF the United
Htntse" Long before Mr. Freeman had nm
ishod the studies preliminary to q second
volume. il was made clear 70 all the world
fhpt tho United States were not to be dis
sxuptod. ChnRrin at the mistaken aesump-
tlou 20 witch he had committed him
SELF deferred him from completing his
task. lie applied himself 10 other subjects,
and. so far as his own intention Of publication
waa concerned. his projected history OF Fed
eral Government stopped short with an ac-
count "f the Achaian ard .Etolan leagues.
anil of such rrav;ous, distant, or short-ived
approaches TO tho embodiment OF tho federal
principle ne had hcen made In Greece. New
erthcless. there was found among his papers
the manuscript Of an additional chapter con-
tanning n full description OF tho defective
forms Of federal union which hive appeared in
Ealy. comprising the leagues OF early Italian
history and the Lombard confederation OF a
later age. This chapter. together with a frag-
mon. on the German confehcracy, are appended
to tho original volume in the book before us.
The editor. hIr.J. =. Dury of Trinity College.
Dublin, has set forth in an additional ap-
pendix such corrections rs seemed called
for by inscriptions which have locn published
since the appearance OF Mr. Freemans work.
and which throw new liEn; upon some roints
In the Achaian and .'.toiian constitutirn. The
only matter o! Importance. however. IN which
Mr.. Frccman's sketch Of the Achaian and
Etolian federal systems neods modification is
the constitution of the scnntos We nave now
direct evidence that the Itoiar Senate was II
body OF representatives chosen by the Statos.
THAT Is to say II body analogous to the Senate
OF tho United States. We have still NJ such
direct evidence for the Achaian Senate. but we
have some distinct Indications pointing IN that
direction. and the analogy OF the .Etoian
League confirms these Indications No altera-
ton Is made by the editor in tho references
TO contemporary events. and therefore the
reader must bear in mind that he il renl-
ing words which refer TO the situation
OF EurOro and America In 1862 and 1863
When this hook was written tho war between
the North and the South had not yet been do
cided. and two Federal Govern mcnts then OK
listed in tho English speaking part OF North
America. the United States and the Contci- |
crate States. France was in the hands OF tho |
usuiper. Louis Napoleon: and tho German |
e'a'es were LOOSELY pound 'ogether III the So
~ onieu Ion,eu'.''i'n ""tcn 'au'e u ah emu IN
Aooo' N"iious' e'o"S,'' 'if. rleo'h'h u'o ho.
refer IN MS hst OF ana'"e'es potWeeh FEDERAL
o'efnhenI "u" ''.u h'ie"t system oi smhii ,
eity com omhonweai,hs 10 tne compulsory
ke'erehou'h ol inc ""'ss 'ohs''ut'oh OF lo4e.
ahS 'o'hpu's'r' referendum reihteu 10 con
stitutlona revisions. Since 1874 there
has also heen established in Switzerland
an o't'cn"' 'elerehuum "'n regard TO
ora'nary laws. mo Two provisions con
sti'"'e an a'tempt % hhu suhs'Fute ior the
ao'ahIhRes oi the Hreek hkkiesia' or Urinary
Assehi'iS VI hii 'he VOTERS In circumstances
IN which such an fkk!eaa IL not possible.
mat Mf. p'ceman Should nave paid no heed
10 an ihSthutioh lor Which the luture may re-
ser'ea momehtous role In federal Govern
ment, is serious detcctin the BOOK Whon all
as s"u ho"e'er. ms 'o'uhe answers as uoes
no other WORK IN existence. the wish express
Cd by an American statesman more than
hundred years ago In tho seventeenth number
OF the Tederh'": 'ouiu the interior struc-
Lute anu regular operation OF ene Achaah |
League DC assertaifea ~ Is propapie that
moro hRnt might pe throWh by IL on the
eeiehee OF i feueral Government thaa by any OF
the hke eAPerihehts Win which we are ac-
ouainted.
Haa ne carried out his plan. Mr. freeman
would nave discussed ht length the four Ia
nous federal corn riInonwoaithS oi history which
were republican in form 1t must be remcn'-
bered that IN" now German empire is con
iederatioh ol me nonarchical type and that 1t
was notiounoeh nntlt seven years after the
pubiratlon OF this book. The four fcdcrative
eystems which he intended to describe were
SeaTo W. - -oi-ifoi' hecoHo. inc lOTleucra-
Hon NJ Gxvia -ki i.t, ,,,;tl |
uoh u, tho .N'sh .hh'ohs, "hicn, WIN many
," 1nanIee III ns eN'eh' III" ohSsHu'ioh' Ehs
.as'ou upM"," ., slA con' OF rom l-'l
~ ouf oMh wi. w, 'n'rn ''e ,eNeh 'h'teu fto'.
=. ,"' Netno'ia1us, WHOSE union ias'ed
~ ,opu"''enp or,i ior II" Years 'i"h'-i'o
Anu iou.tn 'n' on'ten Hta''s" "' Nor'h -tmefica.
Wnose ieior'' uii,""' eo"h''nS, from i''o' naa
"n," 'rren'"n wro'e .or ei@hty-hVe
,oaf'' ou. whIs'i' 'ho"en lie i'resaW 1t not
war eetthih'y 10 iah' on" hundrei ana seven