The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-07-01
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT SPRAYING.
A Cooperative Plan Advised For Farmerr
with Small Orchards.

with Small Orchards.
Spraying with arsenites for the pre-
vention of insect attacks has by pro-
gressive fruitgrowers become recog-
nized necessity. Spraying with copper
compounds for the prevention of fungus
diseases is rapidly growing in favor, and
its value has been demonstrated by the
orchardist as well as the experimental
ist AS the treatment is entirely prevent
i've it must be commenced early in order
to make it effective. All parts Of trees
or plants must be reached with the pre-
ventive agent.
Drenching is not necessary and is ex-
pensive. A thin film or coating Of the
fungicide deposited upon the foliage will
prevent the development of the spores
as well as complete soaking, but it is
important that all the leafy surface
should be wet, at least on the upper
side. For orchard work good force
pump, which may be fitted into barrel
side or end-will give satisfaction.
More expensive pumps, drawn and op-
Grated by horsepower, may be purchased,
but are seldom necessary except for
large orchards. The Vermorel nozzle is
very satisfactory instrument for dis
tributing the liquid.
There are certain inconvenience that
retard the progress of the practice of
spraying. 1t must be done at certain
periods of the year; otherwise it is inef-
fectual. 1t involves the purchase of inn
plements and materials sometimes diff
ficult to obtain just when wanted. Sue
cess also depends on intelligent adapta-
ton of the treatment to climatic condi-
tions existing during the spraying peri
ods In view of the difficulties enumer-
ated John Craig, horticulturist of the
central experimental farm of Canada,
suggests in recent bulletin the adop-
ton of a cooperative plan of spraying:
First, where orchards are not large, a
few farmers might combine and purchase
a spraying outfit, which would serve the
community. and if it were possible to
have it continuously operated by the
same individual, whom practice would
lend superior facility in using it, an adj
ditional advantage would be gained.
Another arrangement could be made as
follows:
A complete spraying outfit, including
chemicals, naight be purchased by per-
son who would be prepared to spray
under contract by the acre or at a
stated figure per tree. If this system of
combating fungous and insect enemies
was introduced, it would obviate much
of the prejudice and inconvenience now
connected with the work, and spraying
would probably in a few years, to the
great benefit of orchardists, become the
general practice.
For the treatment of apple and pear
spot Mr.. Craig gives the following direc-
tions: Il. Before growth begins in spring,
spray with a solution of copper sulphate
Il pound to so gallons of water. On no
account should this be applied after the
foliage has appeared, as it will severely
injure it. 2. Just before the blossoms
open, spray with diluted bordeaux mix
ture. Repeat this after the blossoms
have fallen and make third application
two or three weeks afterward. If the
season is wet and rainy, a later applica-
ton may be advisable"
In regard to grape diseases, the advice
is to spray 1.-The canes with copper sui
phate, 1 pound to so gallons, before
growth begins Follow this solution
with diluted bordeaux mixture (omit-
ting paris green) or ammoniacal copper
carbonate Immediately after the fruit
sets. Repeat at intervals of three weeks,
till the punches begin to color. Am
moniacal copper carbonate should al
ways be used for the later applications. Z"
Chemicals for spraying can now be
obtained from most druggists.