davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
THE WINE PRODUCERS.
they Ask Legislation Permitting a Great
Many Things.

Washington, Nov. 1.-THE general
meeting of the Democratic membership
of the ways and means committee,
which was expected today, did not
take place. although every Democrat
lie member of the committee was at
the capitol. They will probably meet
tomorrow.
Congressman Geary, of California,
had a long talk with Chairman Nc
AIillin and other members of the sub
committee on the internal revenue in
regard to the various changes desired
by the wine producers of the Pacific
coast Among other things Geary
urged legislation permitting the bot
ting OF spirits in bond, providing for an
extension of the bonding period, per-
hitting the blending of brandy in
bond, providing drawbacks on bottles
and corks. permitting the transfer of
brandy in bond, and permitting the re-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Prison Doors Unbarred.

New York, Nov IA decision was
handed down today at the general term
of the supreme court in the famous
case of Charles W Gardner, superin-
tendent of DR.. Parkhursts society, who
was convicted a year ago in the court
of general sessions for extorting money
from Lillian Clifton, the proprietress
of bawdy house. The decision of
the court sets aside the verdict of the
jury which tried and convicted him,
and an order has been issued direct
ing that Gardner be discharged from
the tombs, where he has been con-
fined.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Brief Bita From London.

London, Nov. 17.-AdmiraI Sir Mich
|ael Culme-Seymour, who commanded
the British fleet that visited laramie,
Italy, has been appointed K. c. B.
The remains of Sir Robert Morier,
recently ambassador to Russia, who
died at Montreaux, will be brought to
England and be inferred at Rickmans-
worth the middle of next week. The
government Of Russia and members
Iof the Russian imperial family have
sent kilograms to Lord Roseberry ex-
pressing regrets.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
AND NOW If is AN ABsoEss.
The President Must Have Something.
Whether He win or Not.

New York, Nov. 17.-An afternoon
paper says: Light is beginning to
dawn upon the object of President
Cleveland's hurried, mysterious visit to
this city on Wednesday. Notwith-
standing the statement that Cleveland
is enjoying the best of health, it is
understood today that such is really
not the case The rumors have been
traced to a prominent surgeon of this
city who is in the confidence of Cleve-
lands professional advisers. He has
stated the real object of the presidents
visit here was to get advice about a
painful coccygeal abscees which he
has.
DR.. Bryant, Cleveland's physician
when seen refused to affirm or deny
the rumor about his patients new
affection
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
THE BRAkE.cHAIN BROKE.
A Thrilling Accident on the Lehigh Val
ley Road.

Hazleton, Pa, Nov. 1.-THE Beaver
Meadow branch of the Lehigh Valley
railroad today was the scene of a
thrilling accident. About noon Fore
man Eek, with six Hungarian laborers,
boarded a handcar. Half way down a
steep grade the brake-chain broke.
Like a flash the truck ran down the
mountain side. On the edge of a high
embankment the truck, with its human
load, was precipitated to the bottom
bank 300 feet below.
Andrew Koitz was taken from the
wreck dead. Nike Mority was fatally
wounded. Foreman Eek sustained Sc
we're Commissions on the body and head.
Joe Taotsin had his legs broken and
his head cut. The other men escaped
with severe, but not dangerous
wounds
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
CALLED HOME.
Prince Aiexander.

Gratz, Nov. 17.-Prince Alexander,
of Battenberg, died at noon. He was
recently prince of Bulgaria and brother
of the late Empress of Russia He
served in the Russian army during
the war with Turkey He was elected
hereditary prince Of Bulgaria in 1879
BY ccnsenting to q. union of the two
Bulgarias, he incurred the displeasure
of the car and through the machina-
tons of Russian agents his army re-
volted in 1886 and forced him to abdi-
cate. In 1889, under the name of
Comte de Hartenau, he married the
celebrated actress Amelia Louisinger
and retired to his estate. Death was
the result of Inflammation of the
bowels
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
ENGAGED TO HELEN GOULD.
An Advertising Boom FOR Actor Harry
Woodruff.

Chicago, Nov. 17.-An afternoon pa
per has dispatch from New York,
saying Harry Woodruff, the actor, now
playing in New York, taking a boys
part, though 80 years old, is engaged
to Helen Gould, daughter of the late
Jay Gould, and heiress to $40, O00, 000
1t further says George Gould was bit
terly opposed to the match until re-
Gently, when he made a condition that
the young man should quit the stage
and go to Yale for two years. Gould
paying his expenses and giving him
$4,000 to keep his mouth shut about
the matter, and at the end of that time,
if they are still in love, they might
marry. He remembered that in choos-
ing mate from the stage, Miss Gould
would be following in the footsteps of
her brother, who married an actress,
Edith Kingdom.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Bismarck's Recovery Is Slow.

Berlin, Nov. 17.-Prince Bismarck,
replying to the address Of the West
Prussians, has written a. letter in
which he says: my recovery, though
slow, is proceeding so steadily that
with Gods help I hope to regain my
former health during the course Of the
winter, and it will then give me great
pleasure to welcome here those Of my
political and personal friends wishing
to honor me with a Yisity
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Nationa, Grange.

Syracuse, N. Y, Nov. 1.-THE third
days session of the National Grange
opened today with Overseer E. w.
Davis, of California, in the chair. The
roll of states was called and business
introduced without debate.
Mrs. c. Elestra Bowen Pomona, of
Connecticut, made a report of the
Grange work of that state, Mrs. ]. J.
Woodman, of Michigan, reported for
the committee on woman's work.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
MIR. THOMPSON TALKS.
His Idea of the Authority said to Have
Been Given to Willis

Been Given to Willis.
Terre Haute, Ind, Nov 17.-Com-
menting on the report that Minister
Willis was placed in supreme COM
mand of the naval forces at Hawaii,
and the regular officers of
the navy were commanded to
obey such orders as he may issue,
ex-Secretary Of the Navy Thompson
said tonight:
by what authority the president is
sues such an order it is hard to under
stand. The president is commander
ir chief of the army and navy, and
during a state of war may place at the
head of either whomsoever he pleases,
but if there is not a war his nomination
must be confirmed before it can take eff
feet. In the time Of peace the regular Of
ficer of The navy is in command, and
he cannot be superseded even by or
ders of the president. If the rumors
referred to are true, the president OBJ
viously regarded himself as above both
the constitution and the laws"
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Resolved to Resist Repeal.

Washington, Nov 1.-THE southern
manufacturers who are protesting
against the abolition of the duty on
iron ore and coal. have issued public
statement to the Democratic party, ap-
pealing for consideration in view of
their well-known fidelity to that party,
and saying among other things: 1.-The
southern iron men have resolved to
resist repeal, forgetting. for moment,
all differences of political belief and
mindful only of the more stable and
better thing, to-wit: domestic pros
-perity"
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Heavy Failure in Frisnn.

San Francisco, Nov. 17.-Henry H.
Sherwood, manager of the firm of Sher-
wood & Sherwood and member If
the firms of Richards, Harrison &,
Sherwood and Harrison, Woolf & Sher-
wood, commission merchants, has filed
a petition of insolvency The liabil-
tiles are placed at S51 ,000
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
sLouNT,s REPORT.
Gresham Says 1t viii Not Be Given to
the Public

Washington, Nov. II. = Secretary
Gresham today said to a reporter with
some emphasis: Nothing further will
be given OF on the subject of Hawaii
Blount's report will not be given to
the public.
It is strongly intimated there was
nothing in the report not indicated in
the secretary's letter to the president.
He declared there is no truth whatever
in the story that the department has a
tug outside the San Francisco harbor
10 gain time in bringing the dispatches
from Minister Willis into port He
went On TO say it was not true that
anything further had been dispatched
10 Minister Willis. This assertion
seems to be meant as an intimation
that Willis has received full instruc-
tons and is fully equipped to act in all
CONTINGENCIES.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
A ROCKY REVOLUTION.
Affairs in Mexico Not So Bad as at First
Reported.

Ell Paso, Tex, Nov. 1.-THE latest
in the Mexican revolution
is the report that battle occurred to-
day somewhere near Palomas, but this
was only because it was so planned.
and not on account of any news.
The Mexican consul today presented
to the district judge the names of peo-
pie living in this country that the Diaz
government wants arrested on the
charge of violation of the neutrality
laws. Judge Buckler agreed to fur
nish information to the United States
marshal and the state rangers. Three
hundred federal troops are now on
their way from Mexico to strengthen
the force in Juarez.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
10. Jefferson's Narrow Escape.

New York, Nov. 17.-Joseph Jeffer-
son, the actor, came near being killed
by the bullet of crank who shot into
Delmonico's last night. Mr.. Jefferson
had just left the seat over which the
bullet coursed to the wall, where it
struck, and was thus providentially
saved. Roeth, who did the shooting,
was today charged with insanity and
committed for examination.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
A Criminal Clairvovant.

Marseilles, Nov. 17-Clairvoyant
Marie SAINT Remy has been arrested
in this city on the charge of being i'm
plicated in plot to blow up the thea
tire Des Nationes. Documents were
found in her lodgings in which the use
of dynamite was urged, and the direc-
tor of the theatre was warned that his
building would be destroyed by the use
of an explosive.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Democratic Headauarters.

Washington, Nov. lit is authori-
tatively stated that Chairman Harrity,
ex-Postmaster General Don NJ. Dick
inson, ex-Assistant Secretary of State
Josiah Quincy, and other prominent
Democrats have had two or three con-
ferences here, at which the suggestion
that the Democratic Naional commit
tee be opened here, was considered
The matter will be further considered
and will likely take a more definite
shane soon
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
SHIPPING NATIONAL BANK NOTES.
The Consisnor Must Hereafter Pay Re-
mittance Fees.

Washington, Nov. 17.-An order that
will have a tendency to restrict the re-
demption of national bank notes
issued by Treasurer Morgan today
provides that ION and after November
81, 1898, the charges for transportation
Of national bank notes to the treas
urer of the United States for redemp-
ton under the act approved January
20, 1874, QS statutes, 1879, must be paid
by the party making the remittance.
If the charges are not prepaid, the
amount thereof will be deducted from
the proceeds"
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
He Found a Bomb.

New York, Nov. 17.-This afternoon
Police Captain Doherty made a report
to superintendent Byrnes that a dy
Mantle bomb had been found in the
cellar of the house at 70 East Third
street. The bomb is a piece of iron
pipe II inches long, with copper wire
running through it,
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Has Received No Information.

Washington, Nov. 1.-THE State de-
partment has no information of the
reported arrest in Desterro of United
States Consular Agent Grant by the
Brazilian rebels.
The State department has received
no official notification Of the murder
of the Swiss family in the Argentine
Republic, or of the request from the
government of Switzerland that Amer
lea would be asked to intervene for the
protection of Swiss colonists.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
A Battle with Moonshiners.

st. Louis, Nov. ia special to the
Republic from Birmingham, Ala, says:
A posse of deputy marshals made a
raid on the monshiners of Randolph
county last night, destroying dozen
large stills and capturing John Fuller
and Herman Hix notorious moonshin-
ers. A party of the prisoners friends at
tempted a rescue, and desperate
battle followed. Andrew Powell was
killed and two other rescuers fatally
xxro11radnd
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
An Old Reprobate.

Bridgeport Conn, Nov. 17.-Nellie
Mahoney, aged IS, has been confined
in an unused cellar for a month by
William H. McCooll, aged go, who has
"a wife and several children. The girl
was found by the proprietor of the
store above the cellar today in a ter
rible condition. Hhe clothing was fill
thy and her hair had not been combed
since she was imprisoned. McCook has
carried her meals to her. He assault
ed her in the store where he was work
ing the evening he locked her up. He
has been arrested.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Guion Line to Quit.

New York, Nov. 1.-THE World to-
morrow will say: The Guion line, one
of the most ancient companies of the
service, is about to end
for all time its passenger service be-
tween Liverpool and New York. The
reason is the traffic is improbable. It's
passenger ships, the Alaska and Ari-
IONA are to he sold
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Milton Bank Robbers.

Pendleton, Ore, Nov. 1.-THE hors-
es, saddles and brides of the Milton
bank robbers have just been captured
by Sheriff Furnish in Cold Springs,
north of Pendleton. The animals were
found in an old barn, and had been
without food for a day or more. The
robbers are supposed to be in hiding
in the vicinity.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Mineral Range Robbers Sentenced.

Marquette, Wis, Nov. 17.-Dominick
Hogan, the express messenger, and
Edward Hogan, his brother, were to-
day sentenced by Judge Haire at
Houghton to five years imprisonment
for their part in the Mineral Range
train robbery in September. Both
Dleaded guilty.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
THAr cUBAN REBE1l1oN.
1t Was Fake, and Worked for Selfish
Purposes.

New York, Nov. 17.-GeneraI Jose
Morti, representative of the Cuban in
dependent party in the United States,
has received a dispatch saying the
Cuban rebellion is at an end, and the
insurgents have surrendered. He says
the rebellion was undertaken without
the approval of the revolutionary party,
and without the hope Of success. In
fact, it was instigated by the Cuban
government in order to demonstrate
to Spain, for selfish purposes. the ne
cessity for being prepared for upris-
ingS
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
A GALE SWEPT THE COAST.
A Steamer Wrecked and Twenty Men
Drowned.

Liverpool, Nov. IA vessel has ar
rived at Swansea with four of the
crew of the Cardiff steamer Boileau,
wrecked near Lundy islands. The cap
tain and sixteen to twenty members of
the crew were drowned. A fearful
gale swept the coast and many wrecks
were reported, though so far no fur
her loss of life is known
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
THAT suit Against SAGE.

New York. Nov. 1.-THE general
term of the supreme court has reversed
the decision of the lower court dis
missing the action brought by Will
liam r. Laidlaw to recover $50, 900
damages from Russell Sage for injur-
les received by Laidlaw during the
dynamite explosion in Sage's Office.
A new trial has hedl ordered.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Being Pounded 10 Pieces.

Ahnapee. Wis, Nov 1.-THE schoon-
er ]. A Travis went ashore last night
on Canal island and is being pounded
to pieces by the heavy seas. The crew
is unable to get ashore. The hfe-sav-
ing crew of the Sturgeon Bay canal
lis on the way to the rescue.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
BLOOD WILL BE SIZED.
The Examiner Attacks the Administration
on Its Policy.

on Its Policy.
San Francisco, Nov. .17.-The Exam
liner Democratic prints an attack on
President Cleveland and his admins
tration for its position on the Hawaiian
matter. and says Blount old not take
the statements OF the best men on the
islands, but took special pains to get
the statements of the queens supper
ters. and when asked to take the
statements of leading men on the other
side, he said when he wanted them he
would send for them, which he never
did.
The Examiner declares that Cleve-
land will be held responsible TO the
American people if harm comes to any
American on the islands through the
effects of his policy. thing which it
considers inevitable
There was a heavy storm here last
night. Much damage was done to the
shipping in the bay; to the buildings
in the city, and the Hawaiian buold-
ings al the Midwinter fair were
wrecked.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Rich Gold Find in Ter.s

FL Paso, Tex. Nov. 17.-Rich gold
finds are reported from the Organ
mountains, fifty miles northwest of
here. The stories coming in today are
so wonderful that within few DAYS
a whole army of prospectors will
leave for Organ district
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Mcdonald, on Jan. last, murder
his father and stepmother.
A FAMILY MAssACRED.
Colonists Combine and Lynch the
Criminals.

Berne, Nov. IA report has been
received from Rosario. Argentine Re
public, saying a Swiss family living
in that province was massacred; that
the Swiss colonists banded together
and lynched the criminals. Forty of
the participants in the lynching were
arrested and imprisoned. The Swiss
minister to the Argentine Republic,
absent on leave. said Switzerland will
appeal to the United States to have
the American minister intervene on be-
half of the acused-
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Story Is Deufed.

New York, Nov. 1.-THE report that
Helen Gould is engaged to wed the
actor, Harry Woodruff, is emphatically
denied on the authority of George
Gould this afternoon.
Actor Woodruff denies that he is
to leave the stage to marry Miss Gould.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18

San Diego. Nov. 17.-U. S. Grant, jr.,
today purchased what is conceded to
be the finest residence in San Diego.
His brother Jesse is also here and
they state that San Diego will be their
future permanent home. Mrs. U. S.
Grant, now in Santa Barbara, will join
her sons here in q few days.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Hanover Gamblers.

Hanover, Nov. 1.-THE gambling
trial ended here with the following SEN
fences: Hirsch and Hallmann de-
scribed as agents. to two and one-half
years imprisonment and fines of 5000
marks each; the women, Guehl
and Schweitzer and Herr Krain, were
acquitted
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Paid the Penalty at Last.

Chattanooga, Tenn, Nov. 17.-John
Rutherford, one of the most noted
criminals of Georgia, was hanged at
Trafion, near here, today. He was one
of the convicts who killed two guards
in order to escape at Coal City in 1891.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Proposes to Peach on His Pals.

Mason City, Iowa, Nov. 17.-An I'M
known man tonight gave himself up
to the authorities of Kossuth as being
implicated in the Kesler, Indiana,
Lake Shore robbery. He says he will
tell the whole story and give the
names of those implicated at the proper
time
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
Edwin booths Estate.

New York, Nov. 1.-THE appraiser of
Edwin Booths estate, DR.. Van Schaeck,
filed a report which gives the gross
value of the estate left by the late Ed
win Booth at $780, 57. After deducting
for debts, legacies, funeral expenses,
etc, the balance is S462, 4S5.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18

no signs of the Honolulu steamer at II
pm. Friday. The weather is rather
thick now. Tugs are outside the heads
waiting for the steamer and every ar
rangement possible VIII be made to Sc
cure the news from Hawaii at the
earliest possible moment
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
rhsx Aspired to Wear piamonds.

Pittsburg, Pa, Nov 17.-Thieves stole
$4,000 worth of diamonds from jew
elry store in Allegheny this afternoon,
but were overhauled and all the dia-
monds recovered except two.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
George Herd.

Washington. Nov. 17.-George Herd,
of Sedalis, Mo-, the father of Con-
gresham Herd, of Missouri. died here
today of pneumonia, aged 49, The de-
ceased was a pioneer of Missouri, hay
ing gone there in 1916.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
A Hanging in Texas.

Galveston, Tex. Nov IA Hunts
vile dispatch to the News says: Al
fred Mcdonald. colored, II years old.
was hanged here this afternoon The
rope slipped and Mcdonald was stran-
gIed to death in about twelve minutes.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
TO MAKE STEEL.
The Standard Oil People Are Onto a New
Process

Pittsburg, Pa, Nov lit is said
the Standard OIL company is preparing
to engage in the manufacture of steel
on a more magnificent scale than Car
negie or any other manufacturer, by a
new process which has been discovered
to make steel directly from the ore.
This will reduce the cost to- a mini
mum. Prominent capitalists are now
in Cleveland comforting with the Stan
dard officials
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Third Victim.

Madison, Wis, Nov. 17.-Frances
Henneberry, aged 9. of Chicago. died
this evening, making the third victim
of the Catholic seminary fire last night.
The others injured are out of danger.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
The Niclheroy Attaehed.

New York, Nov. 1.-THE United States
marshal has levied an attachment on
the new Brazilian warship the Nicthe-
roy, formerly the FL Cid, restraining
her from leaving port till the wages
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18

Colorado Springs. Colo. Nov. 1z-Dr.
~. N. Heating, the well known spec
|ialist for women's diseases, formerly
|of Philadelphia, died in this city this
morning of a pulmonary trouble.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
S. A. Coale.

st. Louis, Nov. us. A. Coale. well
known in art circles. died here today
from the effects Of a surgical operation,
aged IS.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18

Morrison, Ills, Nov. 17.-Charles An
drews, manager of the Andrews Opera
company, was run over by a train
here this morning and killed.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1893-11-18
A Consul Suicides.

Baltimore, Nov. 17.-Charles Diaz
Gomez de Cadiz, Spanish consul to this
port, committed suicide this morning
He has been an invalid for long time.