davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

the third George" is to be undone, then
we must have liberal and enlightened
citizens Of each country making propa-
ganda in the other. He also believes
with Carnegie that w. w. Aston in Lon
don could place himself at the head Of
the movement for the reunion of the
English speaking race. He is sure there
is in Great Britain already tendency
toward Americanization, and that there
ought to be a still stronger one. He says:
Turn where we may, we find evidence of the
Americanization of British institutions. The
Australian banks are reconstituting them
selves on the American basis. Mr.. Rhodes an
nOunces at the Cape that he is studying the
American immigration laws with view to re-
stridting the landing of Asiatics. But 1t is in
England and at Westminster that the tendency
is most perceptible. Mr.. Gladstone-most un-
fortunately for his cause-began by framing
his home rule bill with an eye not to American,
but to colonial presidents. That was the root
of all his errors, the of all his embarrass-
ments, for the difference between colonial
and American precedent is simply this-that
the colonial constitutions were drawn up with
the view of enabling the colonies to become in
dependent states, while the American consti-
tuition, as interpreted by the great civil wal
and its corolaries, is based upon the principle
of keeping together in indissouble federation
states which in their own domestic affairs are
independent.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07
ISSUED EVERY SATURDAY.
IMPROVEMENTS

1t is almost universally the case
that when a portion of town is de
stroyed by fire the rebuilding is on a
more elaborate and substantial
scale. The rebuilding of Bonners
Ferry promises to be no exception
to the rule. Before substantial
buildings will be erected, however,
it is essential that some color of
title must be obtained to our lots
That this may be secured the busi-
ness men of our town have started
movement whereby government
townsite will be established, en-
bracing that portion of the town
known as Fry, which lies between
Eaton and the Great Northern adj
dition.
This is a movement that should
have been made fully year ago,
and though it has been delayed too
long already it is by no means un-
necessary at this time. There may
be opposition to the movement
there doubtless will; there was never
project started in this little burg
however meritorious its object may
have been, that did not meet with
opposition from some of our citizens
1t is always essential in every town
whether large or small, that some
personal interests must be sacrificed
that the public good may be en-
HANGED. Our town has suffered dis
asters of almost every kind and only
sublime faith in its future has main
tanned its existence. 1t is now thu
duty Of every man to cast aside al
personal prejudice and animosit.
and enter into the spirit of ever.
measure that will benefit the town
No man has right to oppose tn
wishes of the majority of the PEG
pie, and anyone who does so is al
injury and a disgrace to the town
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

It is known that the sun spot period is
lit years. During that time the spots
fade out dim, increase to their maximum
size and again fade in regular sequence.
The maximum of sun spot storms occurs
this year, 1893. 1t is believed on fairly
established observation that the sun spot
display at its height is attended with a
corresponding display of the aurora bo-
reals on our earth. If this theory be true,
we may therefore look for splendid ap-
pearances of the northern lights this
year. The Peary party will be excep-
tionally well situated for observation.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

AND now the fight is fairly on
between Cleveland and many of the
democratic senators in regard to
some of the nominations made by
the president. Hill and Murphy,
two of the strongest democratic pol
iticians in New York, are opposed
to the nominations. Davis and
Washburn of Minnesota, Allen of
Nebraska, Martin of Kansas, and
Roach of North Da xota, are opposed
to the president. This opposition
coming, as it does, at time when
the administration is taxed to its
utmost to hold the repeal forces in
tact, is almost sure to cause a rup-
ture within the party which will be
of great benefit to the silver men.
Weakening the power of the admin
istrative lash in one place will also
weaken it in another and the result
will be the final abandonment OF
the unconditional repeal idea and a
proposed compromise. Whether
such a solution will meet with the
approval of the silver men oil
whether they will insist on specific
legislation in favor Of silver, will be
question for the conditions of the
future to determine,
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

The next great railway to be built will
be that from the east coast of Africa to
the Victoria Nyanza. Several years must
elapse before the work is finished, but it
is down in the books that this railroad is
to be. 1t will be 651 miles long and will
cost $1,000 a mile to construct. The
engineering difficulties are not so great
as some that have been overcome by
Americans in the Rocky mountains.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

QUESTIONS affecting the Indian
allotments, especially SO far as the
tswn is concerned, are about settled
and the allotment will be set aside.
This solution has been materially
enhanced by the application of the
parents and grandparents of the in
FAINT allotee, for an allotment in lieu
Of the. one sought to be vacated.
Whatever may have been the pro-
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07
Americanizing England.

There are people who would like to
see America and Great Britain united
again into one country, but whether we
should politically swallow our mother or
she should swallow us they do not make
quite clear. One of these gentlemen is
Mr.. Andrew Carnegie, who having done
well in business, is in a position to have
views about anything he likes. Another
Is DR.. Albert Shaw, who thinks the
union, however, can best come about by
Americanizing England, a proposition
which our British brother would I'M
doubtedly lfurl back with scorn upon the
head of the proposer Drs-Shaw says
that IF the great political blunder of
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

ceedings of those interested in Sc
curidg the allotment, or their mo
tives, this action on their part is
highly commendable and will do
more toward the solution and set
Element of all the cases than any
other move on their part. 1t is an
indication Of fairness that has been
wanting heretofore.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

An agency which is doing much good
in quiet way are the so called univer-
sity settlements in the large cities. The
one in New York recently gave free
loan exhibition of paintings and art OBJ
jects in one of the poorest tenement
house districts. The rooms were crowd
ed with visitors of the very class for
whom the exhibition was intended, and
more than half of them were children.
The visitors took vote ON the pictures
that pleased them most.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

Among the many failures and suspen-
sions of business that still are recorded
daily, there is one cheerful sign. 1t is
that here and there is mention of late
ly suspended firm or shut down factory
that has already resumed.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

What is literary fame? The rural in
habitants who lived neighbors to the late
Donald G. Mitchell in the palmiest days
of his literary reputation speak of him
now as "a queer duck who didn't know
beans about farmin. but could write like
thunder 4"
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

1t seems to take as long to select asite
for the new Philadelphia mint as it does
to settle the silver question itself.
The Kootenai herald. [volume] (Kootenai, Idaho) 1891-1904, 1893-10-07

Just hold on to the handles and wait
till the clouds roll by.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

Mr.. Larry Neal late Democrats can
di'Hlte for goycrnor Of Ohio, says he was
defeated on account Ut the Democratic
odmlnlslmtion's policy toward pensioners.
Thai may or may mol be The case. We
think he was beaten because Mckinley
was a stronger man than he Bat how
ever g is the people Of the United States
arc a grcli deal morc concerned in honest
tensions ihan in the governorship OF
Ohio.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

MICHIGAN GOLD EXCITEMENT.
by Associated Press.

by Associated Press
Rhodes, Mich, Dec. at is believed
There q more Ia the gold eXcitcmcni in
Bentley township than was at first sup
posed, lhcrc are finds made almost
dnily the last being within this village,
hut q short distance frnm tie station.
Largo prices have been offered for Village
property and The lands along l.litlc No.
msscs river near here, and been refused.
Excitement Is at high pitch and every 81,
me " prospecting for the yellow metal.
Rhodes is hcgnning to present 40 an
pearauce OF typical mining town pros-
peetora are coming In in large numbers.
solid sold watches S1a 90; Nlorchous
* McBrides.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

nir n. n Sprinkle IS clrrnntnr for inc
Gazette In Fort Worth, and orders for the
piper should be given 90 him or MS agents
ill cflice Is Ga Maln street.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11
ARGENTINE AMNESTY.

TN NH7TTTTTTT I-TT7N-
Buchns Ayrrs.. Dec. 9.-rhc govern
meat has derrccd amnesty to all political
eNiles aud prisoners with The exemption uf
thusC on trial In the Federal courts
Good watches never have been offered
So low rs now. Morohous \ Mcbride,
tho jewellers.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11
LARGEST clTy CIRCULATION
LAaoES7 TEXAS clRcULhHoN.
LARGEST SOUTHERN EJACULATION
VIA Three Exceptions.
rrnMs or srnsonn,r1oN.

BY Afnil--ln Advancc--Postagc Paid;
Daily and sunday, one yenr. ........Ss ~
Daily and SUNDAY, six months, ...s... ~
Daily and Sunday, three months...... = ~
Daily and sunday, one mouth.....s.-- o.
The Sunday Gaztie 90 10 "a pngesl, m
one NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. go -. "a. W.
The sefni.Weekly Gazette two papfra, ~,
pages ehculs .sssssas .ss-s.ss -. ~
Daily, delivered by carriers Ia the cily
and ali towns ana cities where there nte
local agents, Is cents a week, or % oenS
per month.
Remit by bank draft. express or money
order. Do not send Individual check
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

Laredo Ncwsi IN about sixty days moro
Texas VIII De IN the flir0cs 81 lie irrrcFi
political campaign that she ever expo
ricucc1.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11
INJURED By Az EXPLOSION.

T
Pitlsburg, Pa. De-. "a prema,nre
o ,,,.p gs. OF Blast at Hnuker's station.
iauy injured tl.ree miners, one no,'o5
Kaufman ana the others two brother.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

Cigir0viilo Anvil. Tho commercial inter
esis Of Texas will he advanced hy the now
deep Wnior mort nt Snhlne lHss. lhn bar
eighteen feet Of water can PISS 'nr mar.
Instead n expensive trir fera OF Liverpool
az heretofore, cUHun, etc. can now De-
sipptl fu Manchester or london dreci.
llis will D. especially valuable 10 Che luni-
bor and cotton Interests.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

prohibition, 81, The exact vote at Nom.
tain Peak anl Wyatt could not be learn.
ed but IL is known 10 be dry.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

Salld gold watches $3.50. AIbrohon.
y Mcbride ihc Jewellers.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11
salad bowls. nut anu
MoREHoUS & McBRrpp

The new Brooke roncf &. moss.
me .n2rnlns sly iun east ana ais,,,t ~ ~
100. hp1ir the horl1on at o'cloek h W.
e'"fif-lainh Coma hereuices. - 'u'
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

G. III Rohey, son. the iewaler Sor.,.,
street. ior The latest STYLES s'i''
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

&. IT, iinhouson, tho traveller. Sevcnlh
,Ir,al yan make yoa anything You want
ia irwalry.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

sou aald nei,s. white neurl handlcs.
~ Alorhons y Mcsldes
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

ilcsideht. Hlainhltlrim has u,8t. .4.,
" ,h, iatls Exposition NJ MOO. ia 1al ,l y
hal VIZ aeAt egtag international N,
''eh wan pe acii ia Chicaro IN i9laoi 'l's''
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

liy Associated Pvss.
d. Washington, Dec 0.--For Easteru
IVNaa,, .iair colder except stationary on
tLc gMi winds becoming northwesterly
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

Elgm, Nalihaiu. Hampton. Rockford.
Dnmnhns nnd Swiss Matches.
MOeEhoCS * MCBRIDE
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

We ran supply suitable gift Tor old
OF Young 40 any price you desire la
cynend from our Immense stock 81 SOW
clly, MOREHuuS & MCBRIDE.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

lalp Noz
Arb a.
- m,
Ar
.Ar3 IN
.Arl2a IN
Ar
Iy nm
w,rS friends coming to Texas take
s q WARNER A A. GIIsso
g. u A. ISlcr Tex T. T. A. Tex
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11
YE ARLINGTON INN.


nst Commercial aers sample Seventh street Leave baggage
day the Heated By lighted
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11
HoTELs ANp REsTAuRANTs.

STOP AT THE NEW HOTEL
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

IKE BEST
he most roliablei
,,,,,...,. TIE cheapest
'Noi'hlloSS 4 McBMDlss watches
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-12-11

8 S SIla, E2l3 watches sla.Ooi Nlorenous
Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1893-07-28

hibit Of Ise tea, above which is a series Of
pictures Illustrative Of the different stages
and kinds of labor employed upon the leaves
from picking to shipping. group Of photo
graphs of sim; liar scenes may also be found
just over the front entrance. Ise is the name
of q province famous for its traditions and
its tea. 1t is the place where, according to
japanese history unfortunately not credi-
ble), Jimmu TennO, the Japanese ROmulus,
in $50, B. c., laid the foundations of the
Japanese empire. It is now the most sacred
spot in all Japan, the seat of the ancient and
popular shrineS where the ancestors of the
present emperor are WOrshlped. 1t IS also
the place where according to tradition the
tea-plat was first discovered and cultivated.
Other important agricultural products OK
hibited by the Japanese are rice. barley
wheat, buckwheaf, beans, sweet potatoes
(uried), daikon Ca large bitter radish, which
is staple article of diet) and tobacco.
A great many kinds Of jellies and sweet
meats are made by the Japanese from vege-
table products and are harmless anG de
hcious. Several varieties OF bottled, boxed
and canned fruits. jellies and connections are
on exhibition. The sembei is kind Of waffle
much liked by both natives and foreigners.
Many kinds of anne also are exhibited The
advertisement of one is a curiosity:
''The manufacture of the Awa-Ame is per-
fected by my house with experiments Of
many years and scientific principles. 1t con-
tains more nutritive materials. That taste is
very sweet. Persons who have tasted it al
waJs would taken the cheerful feelings.
''The Okinakan, cake, Is made of the
Awa-Ame again. 1t is most delicate in taste
and especially excellent quality for tea-cake.
There is no slightest danger for the change
Of its taste kept long.
''Both are so honorable that obtained
medal at each time of National industrial ex-
hibitions.
Original manufactured by Osugi Kuroui-
mon
Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1893-07-28

The n mt entrance to Japan pavilion i'll
tho Agricultural Building, says the Chicago
Record is ut the south cnA Of the JaDaGes"
section. The doorway is constr: ted OF IA
tive woods i'll the Str,@ % 4 native gateway
with gable roo Just inside the cntran &c
is g booth devOte.ltc the exhibit OF tea from
Shi7nok;t KEN (prafecture).
TIE Shizuo5la teG IS Of the first quality. It's
fin flavor has been developed through the
culture o. many years. The annual pro luct
is 25.O0O,O00 pounds of which 10000. OO0
pounds are exported to the United States. y
small sample package Of this tea IS given
away. Of which Il tiny cup may be had in the
Japanese tea kOuSn.
Mr. NJ Hoshta is the Overseer Of the Shiz-
uoka exhibits ; Mr.. T. WdtanaOe is in charge
OF the different exhibits OF tea. and Mr.. K.
TaWirl is chief OF both the fisheries and the
agricultural bureaus These gentlemen are
always pleased to make explanations 10 the
visitors. The sample package is put up in
paper dipped in the fannie acid of an unripe
persimmon to preserve it from moisture. Mr..
Watanabe is ''purveyor of tea to his Imperial
Maestys Court of Japan"
Just beyond the ShiZuoka booth IS the ex-
Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1893-07-28
PROMINENT PEOPLE.

| President CLEVELAND IS still suffering from
! rheumatism
TIE late Duke of Bedford was one OF the
| richest and most misery men IN England
THE Duchess OF Teck, mother-in-law o. tht
| future King Of England. is fair. fat and sixty
SrR GEORGE TRICK was the fourth British
Admiral who lost his life by disaster uncon
nected with warfare.
/ GENERAL NELSON A. MILEs was clerk IN !
/ Boston store and familiar with q yar1st1cl
/. before he took hold Of sword
/ DocToR GCzMAx the Nicaraguan Minister
/ at Washington. has presented his letter 0.
/ recall his Government having abolished Ms
/ post
Acknowledgement HESDRICE. OF Ken
| lucky. prides himself on the fact that ne rose
| from a farm laborer TO his present place OF
| dignity and honor.
CHARLES NORDHoFF, the New York Herald
man, who has returned from Honolulu. says
Minister Blount wouldn't stay in the islands
for $50, 900 year.
JAY GoULD's sons. George. Edwin and
Howard dc not frequent any OF the big New
York fashionable clubs. but confine their at
tendance TO athletic clubs.
CHEW SaU Sum has landed at San Fran
cisco. He is the agent of the Six Companies
of China, the combination which controls
millions of dollars and practically owns
several hundred thousand Chinaman.
MISS ELLA KNOWLES, who was the Populist
candidate for Attorney-General at the last
election in Montana. has been selected by the
Republicans in that State as counsel in their
effort to secure control Of the Legislature.
The death Of Guy de Maup.ssant, the
French author at the age ot fifty-three, re-
moves a genius who in his way was the
equal of Edgar Allan Poe. His short stories
are remarkable for their brilliancy, but it is
the brllliancy of insanity
ADMIRAL TRYoN, who was lost on the
Victoria. was a descendant of Governor
Tryon. the English Colonial Governor OF
New York, who assisted at the burning
of Norwak, Conn, watching the con-
hagration from a safe distance.
THE Duke of Veragua has recently lost
his entire fortune. President Thomas W.
Palmer, of the Worlds Fair has started a
subscription for him and the people Of the
United States, South America and the West
Indies will be appealed to. for contributions.
EX-SENATOR HILL, Of Colorado, has made
{. fortune by smelling gold and silver by a
secret process of his own. by which his big
refinery in Denver is able to do some of the
best refining in the world. He is said to be
one of the best judges Of metals in the United
States.
SECRETARY SMITH is making tour of all
the important Indian agencies and will also
visit the Yellowstone National Park. The
land grant railroads will likewise receive his
attention, and he intends, as far as possible,
to investigate all the details connected with
his department. He will probably make
few speeches along the route, especially in
the far Northwest. He will be absent three
Or four weeks.
Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1893-07-28

bees. honey. beeswax and hives The Jap,
anese agriculture bureau has published a
little pamphlet explaining the way o. using
the hive the method o; collecting honey and
giving the names Of the plants from which
the bees get honey II is there stated also
that one swarm will produce 1882 pounds
Of honey and 7447 pounds vi b4eswax. and
that honey sells for nine s@n cents Il kin
(l.325 pounds, and beaSwax vt thirty sen a
kin.
An interesting feature OF the Japanese ag-
ricutural section is the exhibit of domestic
fowls. One coop contains some bantams.
whicn arc kept mostly pets. though the
flesh may b. used as fool Another cage
Contains Siamesa game fowl. wnose flesh,
being almost as delicious As that Of turkey,
is Largely used as fool. The cock exhibited
is about two years old, weighs almost ten
poun is and has never been defeat I'd. 4 good
fighter will command from twenty to eighty
y4n [dollar5). The high COOP holds long
tailed fowls. The cock. four years old. has
a tail measurin, 1015 feet in 'cngt1. Tho
black cock, only two years Oh, has tail five
feet long.
The Japanese have likewise Oh exhibition
specimens OF their wild birds. both useful
and injurious. AMI OF their forage plants.
Ther have published descriptive catalogues
OF both birds and plants. Tho former are
divided into three classes: The beneficial
Dir IS Of forest and farm, twenty-One varie-
ties the Dir is used for food, thrty-fve vari-
cites. aud the birds Tor miscellaneous uses,
fOurt zen varieties. These are numbered
consecutively, and are carefully described as
to 10 .ation, cnara cteristics and utility. The
forage plants. similarly numbered, are
infinitely descr0et with ra;erenc4 to dura-
ton Of growth. height. Towering. seal
ripeninS AMI cutting times, pro TO the
acre. composition and locality.
Last, but not least interesting, are five
pictures which hang i'll the southwest corner
Of the Japan .sa pavilion and represent
methods OF hunting. One shows the way Of
catching small birds by hanging cages of de-
coy birds near biri-limed twigs. Another
represents sportsmen. in the early morning
or evening twilight, when the wild ducks
are flying low, catching them in nets at the
end OF long bamboo poles. The two pictures
at the extremes portray the two allied
methods of catching wild duck on Lake
Tega in Chiba prefecture. One is by means
of birt-limed ropes stretched over the sur
face Of the water the other is by number
of large spread-nets toward which the ducks
are driven by hunters The remaining
picture illustrates Japanese hawking, which
was very popular sport in former times.
Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1893-07-28
THE VIKING IN CHICAGO.
Enthusiastic Reception Of the Morse
men on the Lake.

The United States steamship Michigan and
the Blake, accompanied by hotilla Of ex.
cursion steamboats, and yachts bearing an
enthusiastic number Of Norsemen, steamed
north from Chicago to meet the Viking ship
In tow Of the revenue cutter Andy Johnson.
Every vessel was draped in rainbow fashion,
the flag Of Norway and the Stars and Stripes
being prominent. When the Viking was
sighted north of Evanston salute Of twenty
one guns was fired Captain Anderson and
his crew were taken aboard the Ivanhoe
where they were received by the Norwegian
Commissioners.
There was some speechmaking and lunch
con was served in the Ivanhoes cabin, after
which the procession started for Jackson
Park When off Van Buren, street Mavor
Harrison, from the deck of the City of Co
lumbus, welcomed the Norsamen to the city.
Captain Anderson replying from the PROV Of
the Viking.
The fotilIa steamed on to Jackson Park
where, amid the thunder of ca1nons and
shrieking whistles, the Godstadfnd dropped
anchor off the White City
Representatives of all Nations in uniform,
with native costumes, were grouped about
on the pier and welcomed the Norseman
parade was formed and the visitors escorted
ID the Administration Building, where they
were formally welcomed by the Exposition
officers.