The sun., 1893-07-17
ROADS OF ITALY AND SPAIN.
0ENOA, BOLo0yS, CAT1SId, B4RCE-
LoNI, VALENCIA, CARTHA GENs.


Bioyeii.ts say or the Highways OF spain
Genoa boasted OF fine roads long before Co
Iumbus was born. The streets to-day have q
bed Of sand nearly six inches deep upon which
are laid stones about two and a quarter fee,
long one foot wide. and nearly eight inches
thick. The face OF tho stone has TO be Rrooved
to afford a foothold for horses. Tho sidewalks
are constructed nin the same way. but with a
thinner bed OF sand and thinner stones. The
steep streets. OF which Genoa has many. have
smaller stones and between each two rows oi
them is placed n course OF bricks set on edge.
to give horses surer foothold. Genoa has
fully y thousand streets too narrow for carts or
carriages hnd,these are constructed OF round
or oblone flint stones with coDtral pathway
OF brick In tho steopest OF them TO give bet
ter footing for pedestrians, There are also
macedamized streets In Genoe. and recently.
rs Consul Fletcher says. experiments have
been made with small round blocks OF oak In n
sand bed. On the whole. we have nothing to
learn from Gcnoese streets.
In Lombardy. according to Consul P"ppor
tho condition OF the roads OF all descriptions
10 far superior to that Of any other part OF
Italy.
The scale OF wages In Italy given by Consul
Jones includes 80 cents n day for stone
cutter. 40 for u laborer. "a for boy 20 for
woman. sl2O for a horse. cart and driver.
~ CenUB Tor n PACK uOnkey anu ,urlFet. ahu
! cent for the hire OF a whcelbnrrow.
In Bologna the prevailing method OF street
making, according to Mr. Gardini. Is to lay
flint stones ON u band OF sand or OF siitcd
gravel. while IN some streets on each side are
placed bands Of granite. In FLORENCE hard
ssns ss o. M R
The country roads In Tuscany arc paved with
broken stone.
little or nothing to teach us In the way OF
road making. 1t is as Consul rlgh remarks,
out Of the question. The abundance Of
preparing allow the principal streets 81 cities
to be paved with solid blocks Of II. from ls
thick. laid in mortar and placed Oh n bed Of
concrete This durable paving costs not over
IN Messins the pavements are OF paving
stones. cobblestones. pebbles. and a union OF
the two first sometimes paving stones are
placed on bed OF mortar. and sometimes n
hyer Of cement and small pebbles is put un
der the mortar and paving stones: u
good The foundation is broken lava, in pieces
Of ~ inches or les less !, , diameter ilrmly &C.,
depth OF about inches. Then comes super
structu,e. The pHveemnent T. the best streets
very rough in blocks about III by % by s
,1ches and worked In the street re- Itself Sc The
street is most comfortable. with II smooth sur
ss saso q ds t Gre
sountGy roads ,d Ia three respects, therefore
the smooth surface with lac i Of open joints.
and the foundation OF cement and stone On
the other hand. the country roads OF Cutania
are generally poor. being made Of an inferior
quality oi lava with Jumps Of clay thrown on
The clay and M lava into y Dnssable e condition ,
men. who arc the great popular authorities on
the condition and peeas Of roads the world
ssses.ss SS Of II Oae Rss Rees
Flor to those ef France or Enels but that he
Gee
would be made equal TO any in the world,
according tS 81. isidoro both, the ,cartha:
latter eonstIaetsd = ans, system Il hisIxays
q layer Of stones, sometimes in mortar. over 1t
q stratum Of cement or plaster the. then another
curved from the middle toward the strongly
We're elevated ' serve S rsSei rs st.s or the
mounting and dis, dsmenntinc Of horses They
mar; stones, about thirty miles apart each OF
w ppeda Sr ar
ioHr Imperial iighwssys; aegregatIng 9929
mileage, Including com ercinl routes &c. 900 |
miles The ancient names of these ma"s,onnss.
numbar OF hundreds, are very interesting to
eompareec with the modern namsss Of the same
eomes Calahorra; sebe laci becomes Beeh;
laga: Gades ls Cadiz; Regana is Regina En-
erita is Merida: Olsipone is Lishoa; Suis-
s1ts high
ways. and canals was established In Spain. ana
% conflict between local % j and centralized t power
lev waGss Foripstanse., grading aud level;
70 their position in small baskets balanced on |
the hesds Of laborers, who walk along leisurely.
substituted ior the man with tile bssk Of. and is |
SaDpssd Tith Trge s4dde 6@RT oadGd ds with
named by city councils often in honor OF men.
and the names are therefore apt to change with |
Barcelona consists Of two parts. the old city |
snd The new as or r,,sGn"he m; In the former most
with asphalt. cylindrical pegs. or iiags. There |
were were some M f w1oden 81 & paysments i & however con
or 0t 81 sWsdh Ar on pase
tion. Consul Bowen gives this account Of
some new pavements, with which export ,
ments are being made:,
One kind t an artificial cement pavement which
metres thck. OH which is laid u cover Of Portland
cement fr0iu 4 to 6 centimetres deep. mixed with |
coarse sand, and then rikidy rolled and compresSe,.
The durability or this pavement said to be great and
well adaptei for the use OF carriages and bicycles
Snother kind OF pegs that are made from the
centimstres long and from TOO csntmetres in diam.
eesr. Th.ni lnid vertically n layer OF
stone brOk en in pieces from to 3 centimetrrs in
size and riHidy rolled and com ressed and covered
with coating OF sand frnui u centimetres
thick Tho spaces between the pegs are hIcd with
sand The cost OF this kind OF pavement is about II
pesctas tho surface metre.
In the new city or "tnsanche" the streets Of
Great rnvth and Of width that never less than 20
metres ana that httnns sometimes 81 81 and ,I
metrss In fact they favorably with the
finest streets In the world. The pav.mrnS aid there
are for reasons nj economy mad" from brought
from the neiahboring quarries OF Montiuich.
The streets OF Madrid show wsll-cut stone
blocks. laid in sand. Those OF Carthaccna,
however. have badly cut stones according to
Consul Molina. Of an exaggerated wedge form.
with the bottom much reduced. so that they
arc laid In mortar. However. Belgian blocks.
Limestone blocks. and those Of smeltcd slnenrc
nIRO of lat I'm uSp. AltOpathar fhpra Ia nnth.