The evening world., 1893-12-19

taxation should be dictated by the self.
lsnness n greed Of those who are 10
receive the taxes. '"
INDUSTRY AIDED FIRST.
we have believed that the first stem
towards, n reform of the tariff Should
% a. release Of X on the materials
There can be no substantial and bene-
ncial REDUCTION upon the necessary cloth
ing and other comforts OF the American
II ial enlargement Of the field of Ameri-
can labor, so long as we tax materials
an9 processes OF production.
vi iSery tax upon the producer falls
Every tax on the producer in this coun-
Try Is a protection to his competitors
N al other countries. and so narrows
MS market as to limit the number and
lessen. the wag OF those to whom he
can give employment.
Every c%heapening In the cost or en-
terials. while primarily inuring to the
benefit OF the manufacturer himself,
passes under free competition Immediate
~ and passes entirely to the consumer,
out OF 1T than such reductions seem to
carry, because with the rapid widening
or his market the manufacturer Is able
10 sell at a smaller profit.
LEGISLATION FOR THE CONSUMER
It is, therefore. a very narrow and
we release tire duties on iron ore and
coal and wood and other like articles
for the benefit OF those who manufacture
our iron. steel. woollen and other fab
RIGS.
We are legislating for the great mill
Ions Of consumers beyond them, M for
the scores of thousands of iaborers to
whom they may thus give steady and
well paid emDlOyment.
u is no less a narrow and short-sighted
view that suppose that a removal of the
dustry will inlet any real loss upon
those who produce them In our own
country.
WIDENING THE MARKETS.
The enlargement of markets for our
products In other countries, the Increase
carrying trade ofsour country. will in
sure a, growing home market for all
these things that. will quickly outstrip
anything they could nave under the pro-
Iron and coal are the basis OF modern
industry. The abundance and cheapness
Of their supply offers in many lines of
acy Of the world.
While the mines OF other countries are
becoming exhausted AMI the cost of min
ing In consequence Il. increasing we are
constantly discovering and developing
new sources of supply.
The discovery of the immense beds of
Bessemer ores In the Lake region and
ern States, their convenience for trans
p~ortation and for the assemblage OF
materials. The use of the steam shovel
In m~ining-all these have 80 cheapened
the cost of producing pig-lron and steel
as to take away all possibility and dan
ger of foreign. competition in almost
every part of the country.
COAL PRODUCTION EXTENDED.
la.. .-t -. 49,
our coal production. The existing duty
OF 70 cents a ton on iron ore and or
bituminous coal cannot be justified
either as a protective o. a revenue
try are too small to add materially tc
our revenue. while no one contends thai
the cost OF mining Is higher in thu
United States than In the countries tha
might seek our market.
1t could never have been intended that
4 constitution which establishes perfect
States should countenance laws that hold
one section of the Union. however re.
mote, tributary to other sections for the
Supplies Of those necessary materials
law and not by m choice
WOOL TARIFF A HAMPER.
This House in two Congresses in recen,
years ht wing. after full debate, passed
laws putting wool upon the free list, II
attempt a restatement of the reasons
for doing SO. 1t is enough to say tina
the tariff upon wool has disastrousl.
and made cruel and relentless war upoi
the health, the comfort and the@produc
tive energy of the American people.
FREE LUMBER.
Logs are already on the free-list. w,
have gone a step farther, n put un
dressed lumber generally on that list
This may serve to cheaper and improv,
the dweliing-house of some of our peo
PIE. but # is justified II it shall accom-
plish nothing more h to delay the rap
Id destruction of American forests.
FREE HEMP AND FLAX.
We have also placed hemp and fla,
unhackled on the free list. for the rea
sons, stated above, that we may Civ,
material to work upon and hat we ma!
give the finished product, as far as pos
sible, to the consumer with but a singl,
tax, and that a moderate one. instead
of a medley and cumulation of take
gathered during the process of produc
ton.
In addition to these so-called raw ma
terials we have released from tariff
duties certain important articles AM
manufactures which we have shown
our capacity to produce cheaper thai
= any other country. such as pig copper ant
the more important agricultural nipple
ments.
Any article or manufacture which cal
: sustain the competition Of like foreign
a. III Nv maj dH utly SuCl
t competition in the home market. and 4
not protected by the duty. but by IT.
own intrinsic superior ~cheapness ant
quality.
THE EFFECT OF NEEDLESS QUITE!
'he only effect of a duty on such ar
ticles Is to enable those who make then
to charge higher prices to the citizenl
OF their own country than they charg'
to foreigners, and this has been motor
lously the case with both copper AM
many agricultural implements.
In adjusting duties upon what may b
called the finished products we hav
tried to impose such rates as will nc
destroy or distress any of our HON
> Industries on the one hand. no
on the other ecu to them an oppres
sive monopoly of the home market. Fo
!, thority both of well-known n leadin
: Tariff reformers and of those who Il
= days past were considered moderat
: protectionists.
of the late enato Beck, Mr.. Carlisle
+, the late President Garfield n Senate
, Sherman.
/ IMPORTANT CHANGES.
A few only of the most importan
!, changes made in the dutiable list nee,
I be here enumerated:
In the earthenware schedule, we hay
: made substantial reductions. leavin
I rates as high as were deemed necessar
In he wal tariff. In common windo,
. glass, where close combinations hav
kept up the prices to consumers unde
!. a scale of duties averaging more tina
-At xYa haNFh made n aI,,.t