davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16
IN RE MECHANICS BENEFIT
UNION.

WHEREAS, THE MECHANICS
W. Benefit Union, a Corporation es-
tablished under the Laws of the Hawaiian
Islands, has pursuant to the law in such
cases made and provided, duly filed at the
Office of the Minister of the Interior n
Petition for the Dissolution of the said
Corporation, together with certificate
thereto annexed, as required by law; now
therefore
Notice Is hereby given to any and all
persons who have been or are now inter
ested In any manner whatsoever in the
said Corporation, that objections to the
granting of the said Petition must be filed
IN the office of the undersigned ON or be-
fore WEDNESDAY, the 2lth day of May,
is'3, and that any person or persons desir-
ing TO be heard thereon, must be in at
tendance ut the Office of the undersigned
in Aliiolani Hale, Honolulu, at 10 o'clock
4. NJ. OF said day, 10 show cause why said
Petition should not be granted.
j. A. KING,
Minister of the Interior.
Interior Office, March 70, 1893,
U50-9t
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16
Golden Rule Bazaar,
w. F. REYNOLDS, Prop.

Our Optical Department still
goes along IN the eren tenor of its
acay despite all opposition. Every
day ace fit somebody either ecith a
pair of Eyeglasses for @5c., and
once IN Vhjle aOe get as high as
$500. We can't 90 higher be-
cause that IS the best pair of crys-
tails you can bug and aOhy pay
more? The reason IS that 'Oe do
not need any special t'co aceeks'
study of the question: because our
instrument, the EYEMETER, IS
so simple that its test IS absolute.
Doesn't matter If your eyes are
myopic, astjgmatic or amy other
attic, that instrument gets there
eUery time.
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16
FOR WAIANAE.

THE SLOOP "WAlANAE," nj
i +. Motta, master, sails LTStY
from Honolulu for above port .&jIxfA
on every Monday and Thurs 49,
day NJ ~ O'Clock A. NJ.
A. &. PESrANA, Agent,
with GOnsalyes a. Co., Queen st,
7l6-lIu
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16

There is nothing | have ever used
for muscular rheumatism that gives
me as much relief as Chamberlain
Pain Balm does. | have been using
it for about two years-four bottles
in alas occasion required, and al
ways keep bottle of it in my home.
| believe ! know good thing when
l get hold of it, and Pain Balm is
the best liniment | have ever met
with. w. B. Denny, dairyman, New
Lexington, Ohio. so cent bottles
for sale by all dealers. Benson,
Smith q Co., agents for the Hawai-
ian Islands.
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16
Wise and Otherwise.

The word "rascal" originally meant
"a servant" 1t now means servant
who has held office during the last
four years.
The Brute-"Does he write to you
regularly since you became engaged?"
"No. Sometimes l only get one letter
day."-[ Life.
A man at Downs was so absent
minded that he mailed Columbian
postage stamp and forgot to stick the
letter to it, Kansas Journal.
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16

1sr -SPRECKELSvILLE PURSE.
Running Race. 6-Mile Dash. For
Hawaiian Bred Horses.
2D RACE-WAILUKU PURSE.
Running Race. H-Mile and Repeat.
Free for all.
3D RACE--HAWAITAN COMMERCIAL
& SUGAR CO.'S PURSE.
Trotting and Pacing. 1 Mile Heats.
Best 2 in 3 to harness. For Hawaiian
Bred Horses.
4TH RACE-WAIKAPU PURSE.
Running Race. A-Niile Dash. For
Hawaiian Bred Horses.
9TH RACE-KULA PURSE.
Running Race. N-Mile Dash. For
Ponies IA hands or under, to carry 100
lbs.
9TH RACE-KAHULUI PURSE.
Running Race. Mile Dash. Free for
9TH RACE-WAIHEE PURSE.
Trotting and Pacing. l Mile Heats.
Best in 5, to harness. Free for all.
Horses with record of 2:30 or better,
to carry $50 lbs.
STH RACE-LAHAINA PURSE.
Running Race. 1 Mile Dash. For Ha-
waiian Bred Horses.
9TH RACE-QUEEN LILIUOKALANI
CUP.
Running Race. ~ Mile Dash. Free
| for all.
10TH RACE-HANA PURSE.
Trotting and Pacing. 1 Mile Heats.
Best = in to harness. For all Horses
without a record of 300 or better.
11TH RACE-MULE RACE.
Running Race. k-Mile Dash. Catch
weights. Free to all.
18TH RACE-MANA CUP.
Running Race. Ia Mile Dash. For
Hawaiian Bred Horses.
Subject to Change!
MAUI RACING ASSOCIATION,
727-1w EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16

PROGRAMME
RACES
JUNE II, 1893.
49,
1sr RACE-BICYCLE RACE.
Mile Dash. Free for all.
2D RACE
Running Race. n Mile Dash. Free
Trotting and Pacing for Hawaiian
Bred Horses. Mile Heats. Best 2
in 3.
4rH RACE
Running Race. u Mile Dash. For
Hawaiian Bred Horses.
9TH RACE-KALAKAUA CUP.
Tor,,or,,, II;, NJo;,,t,,,s C,,, NIL,
Dash. Hawaiian Bred Horses owned
by Members of the Club.
6rn RACE-HoNoLULU PLATE.
3 Minute Glass. Trotting and Pacing
to Harness for all Horses not having
record for minutes or better.
7rH RACE-ROSITA CHALLENGE CUP.
Running Race. Mile Dash. Winner :
to beat the record of "Angie A."
1:45k. Free for all
Sru ACE-KAPIOLANI PARK PURSE.
Trotting and Pacing to Harness. Mile
Heats. Best in s..
9TH CE-KAMEHAMEHA PLATE.
Running Race. N Mile Dash. Ha-
waiian Bred Horses.
10TH RACE-OCEANIC STEAMSHIP
CO.'S CUP.
Running Race. p Mile Dash. Ha-
| waiian Bred Horses.
11TH RACE-PONY RACE.
Running Race. / Mile Dash. Ha.
waiian Bred. For Ponies 14-hand and
| under.
18TH RACE-3:15 CLASS RACE.
Trotting and Pacing. Best 2 in 3.
Open to all Horses that have never
| beaten 3:15.
18TH RACE-PRESIDENT' CUP.
Running Race. IL Mile Dash. Free
| for all.
HAWAIIAN JOCKEY CLUB.
719.td THE COMMITTEE.
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1893-05-16
To Let or Lease.
ROOMS TO LET.

1.-TWO FURNISHED ROOMS .Ns% A.
Il on Beretania street, near .sss%5a
Alakea street. Apply at this &hH GH sss II
office. 7I7-tf
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15

Higgins Bros.
Dealers In flne Liquor.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15
Enoland Is Interested.

LoNDos, Aug. 15.-In the house of COM
mons Robert l.. Everett QIiberaD asked
that the house, In view Of the fact that 3
bill for the free coinage Of silver, at a
ratio Of "a to 1, had been introduced In the
senate of the United States, declare that
the time was opportune for Great Britain
and the United States to establish dura-
BILE par basis for gold and silver. Mr..
Gladstone replied that the bill referred to
by Mr.. Everett in no way represented the
views of the United States government.
Its introduction. therefore, could not form
a suitable opportunity for communication
with the government, apart from the
question whether the passage Of such a
bill by the congress Of the United States
would justify the opening Of communica-
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15
A MISSING Steamer.

MONTREAL, Aug. l5-The Dominion
l.ne steamer SarniA, with . general cargo
and 50 passengers, which LETT here July 80
for Liverpool, was spoken Aug. by the
steamer Ripon City. hence for Glasgow,
500 miles east Of Newfoundland. with ma
chinery disabled. She refused assistance.
Nothing has since besn heard Of the
Sarnia, and her arrival In Liverpool Is
awaited with some anxiety.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15

IF YOU get of our Hard Rubber Unbreaka
Combs you get the best comb in the world for
money. They guaranteed not to break with OF
nary use for six months Take no substitute, fer tn
is nothing like the Unbreakable Rubber Combs
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15
The End Of Monroe Smith.

BIRMIEoHAM, Ala, Aug. i5.-Monroe
Smith, negro. criminally assaulted Mrs.
ID. 4. Sears, a white woman, near Spring
Hill Sunday afternoon. A posse pursued
him all night and captured him yesterday.
After hanging Smith to q tree the mo-
filed his body with bullets and then cast
a. into A creek
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15
Pocket Was Empty.

ST LOUIS, Aug l5-willism y. Cald-
well, assistsnt chief of the FIRE department.
of Pueblo, Colo, shot and instantly killed
himself here. He had lost all his money
In speculation. snd some time ago hal AZ
TEN pied 20 shoot his wife.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15
Cha sra on the Increase.

ST. PETERSBURG, Aug. ib-The intensi '
of the heat his caused sudden increase
of the cholera epidemic Ia the infested
Russian cities. In Moscow there were ~
fresh cases aud 10 deaths yesterday.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15

at Kennison's Music store a-compIete nst Of
over 1000 popular pieces Of sheet music
Only 10 cents per copy. Catalogues free.
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15
Lyons De|any & Co,
COFFEE DEPARTMENT.

Our facilities for handling and giving good value in Cos
unsurpassed works thoroughly equipped with the and
best machinery Paten Cylinder Roase Revolving Exhaust
for cooling and instantly preventing further carbonizon the
fee its discharge from the heated cylinder also Separators
removing all impurities such sticks stones nails etc. gathered up
harvesting the the coffee plantations and also freeing
from all worthless mattercha Shells blghd berries This
separating machinery also grades the roasted coffee large medium
and small sizes and Sits out the broken pieces and grades according
weight thus giving the finished coffee uniform
immense stock and great variety coee the
ducts of the most celebrated plantations of Arabia the Es
Indies Central and South Americas Our prices will compare
ably with the lowest market quotations and price roasting
milling for the trade is half cent a pound
Pawtucket tribune. (Pawtucket, R.I.) 1890-189?, 1893-08-15
just Received.

Beecham's Pills cure indigestion and con
stfnatfnn.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1893-07-21
Proclamation to all People,

Whereas, 1t being now the dull
season Of of the year, and, whereas
many people desire to have things on
easy payments, such as We keep and,
whereas certain parties at the very
time OF year when there is no cash.
offer goods for cash only. Now,
Therefore |, j. w. higgins, proprie.
tor of Waco Trading Co., do hereby
direct and proclaim that complying
with our universally known liberal
mode Of doing business announce.
that We have a stock of furniture
carpets and stoves and over our ability
to furnish your home from kitchen to
parlor, on easy payments, so much
needed this dull time or will at all
times meet any prices in Waco or the
world for cash, on the so.called; cash
sale basis.
Done at the office of the Waco
Trading Co, in the City of Waco. A.
d, 1898, in the month OF July, beng
one OF the dullest months Of the year.
J. W. RdcINs, Prop.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1893-07-21
THE CAUSE OF TIGHT MONEY
Old Stocking Legs and
Scared Bankers.
higgins Hits Waco Banks One.

Some paper up north says: cod
stockings and trunks are to blame
for scarce money" The addition
we make is "scared bankers"
Then it would read: "Old stock
ing legs, safety vaults and fool
scared bankers" are to blame.
Look at the statements of Waco
banks. At least half a million of
money laying in their vaults
Nearly four times the legal require.
ments. Idle money. You may add
to this about hall a million in stock.
ing legs and trunks and trunks and
safety vaults, and you have one
million dollars of idle money in
this county alone. Then talk about
scarcity of money Why should it
not be scarce? Who is to blame?
The Waco bankers are to blame
larg, ly for this. Bankers are sup
posed to be neryy, wide-awake busi-
ness men. Yet these very fellows
the example for hoarders. The
writer is not an applicant to any
bank in Waco for money-not be-
cause we don't need money-but are
afraid to ask for it.
The policy of Waco bankers has
been both suicidal to themselves
and to business generally.
The policy of most Waco banks
seems to have been to get in money
to protect themselves. This is
simply the greatest folly. What
bank is expected to stand run-to
pay all its depositors one day or on
demand? Fifty or seventy-tive per
cent of cash On hand of depositors
would be no protection to bank if
confidence was removed. Now,
why should the banks of Waco
hoard up SO much money?
1t would be no discredit to any
bank in Waco to suspend payment
should run be made. Nor would
the large percentage of cash now on
hand protect them in case of a run.
Then, why hold from the business
of this country a half million of
money? The deposits of these
banks show perfect confidence.
Now, the other class of vault fell
lows are still worse. That fellow
who boards up his money, puts it
into an old trunk, or stocking, is
very little better than a s,ingy,
miserly thief. Let the money come
out. Let the banks realize that
they are "hoarders" and stop the
boarding business. Then, and not
until then, can money circulate.
The many who have money on de.
posit are not going to make invest
ments now. Let the money out of
the banks and stockings and times
viii then be better.
Again, the banks which have
failed ., out of 10, had nothing but
the peoples money-al Waco
banks have money and property
capital.
Turn the Money Loose" Let
'er go.
The poht. of Waco Trading Co.
is to a1oomodate all in our power,
to our fullest capacity. We
can furnish your home from kitchen
to parlor, cash or on easy payments.
See us-our goods are the best for
the money. Fine or cheap, best,
exchange-"Trade in everything"
w H., D.
The Waco evening news. [volume] (Waco, Tex.) 1891-1894, 1893-07-21

IES q: =:
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1893-12-29
Exchanges.

The Je,cish Voice, ST. Louis, has collected over
$500. 90 for shoe fund for the poor children
of the city and turned it over to the Relief So
ciety for the purchase of shoes and their distri-
button.
We are very happy to record the recovery of
DR.. Samfeld Of the Spectator. from his recent
illness, and express the hope of his continued
and uninterrupted health.
With this issue the .Ie,cish Voice completes
its sixth year of existence. May it and it's re-
spected editor see many more anniversaries nm.
Der such favorable conditions.
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1893-12-29

sufferer for years GRATEFULLY acknowledge
the great benefit he received by taking DR.
David's Cough Syrup for Asthma and Bron-
chitis, of long standing. If you suffer, take it
and be cured Only % cents ever y where.
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1893-12-29
What Judge Christian Said.


[speech at opening of Richmond Chamber o
Commerce, December 2sth.]
What makes the Jew the most sagacious f.
nancier and the most successful merchant in
this or any other land to-day? Is it simply
because he is Jew, and as some will say, con-
sequently "born trader?" No, my friends,
it is because he has been prosecuted and driven
from pillar to post, with no country he can
claim as his own, and these trials and persecu-
tons have made him sagacious and strong He
is no pampered scion of luxury, reared in the
ot-house of idleness and ease, but like the
sturdy oak in the mountain side, the storms of
winter have beaten and broken upon it, rock
ing it to and fro, it may be but only to make the
roots strike deeper and more firmly in the
ground. And this people teach us lesson we
ought never to forget. And that is, as / have
said, they are the most united people in the
world to-day. No deserving Jew who is I'M
fortunate and who needs help ever fails to re
ceive it, and Twill venture the assertion tha
no man within the sound of my voice ever saw
Jew begging, or one who has been unfortu
nate in business and who deserves succor il
that line, who did not receive it. This trait o.
the jewish character, as well as many others
could enumerate, esteem most highly, and
wish it was in my power to impress the princi
pie of it on you for your emulation and gui
dance. And this people are not only faithful
and loyal to their own race, but I happen t
know that recital of the contributions to tn
general charities of this city would reveal tn
fact that the most liberal donations which ar
made to these come from the excellent Israelit
citizens, who are in many respects among tn
very best citizens we have.
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1893-12-29
NORFOLK, VA.

L
few DAYS in Norfolk this week.
Miss Rose Angle, of Richmond is visiting
Miss Clara Morris, on Fenchurch street.
Mrs. Alexander, of New York, and charming
daughter, Miss Lille, are visiting Mrs. Jacobs
on Falkland street.
Mr.. Jacob Umstadter, of John Hopkins, is
spending his Christmas vacation with his par
ents His friends are always pleased to have
him home.
DR.. George D. Levy, formerly of Richmond,
spent several days this week with his father
and mother in the Capital City.
Miss Helen Hirsh, of Bedford City, is the
guest of the Misses Spagat, on Bank street.
Miss Hirsh has made quite conquest of
friends whilst in the city.
Mr.. Samuel Campo, formerly of Norfolk, but
now of New York, is spending his holiday in
this city. He is accompanied by his friend,
Mr.. Harry Nebenzaul. i
It is certainly gratifying to know that the
young ladies are now in demand for the ger
mans. 1t makes the young gentlemen more
anxious and energetic and they are therefore
compelled to extend their invitations reason
able length OF time in advance
Judging from the rush in the establishments
of Messrs. Levy Brothers, Umstadter, and Nus
baum, our merchants evidently had a success
full Christmas.
The most enjoyable german of the season
was danced last Monday night at the Monte
fore, Mr.. Anthony leading in his usual fine
style, assisted by Mr.. Hamburger. Dancing
was kept up well into the morning, everyone
voting the affair an immense success. Among
the large number of strangers present were
Miss Helen Hirsh, of Bedford City Miss Rose
Angle, of Richmond Miss Lille Alexander,
of New York Mrs. Robert Marcus, of Hamp-
ton Mrs. Letterman, of Charlottesville /; Mrs.
Morris, of Baltimore, and Messrs II. Ne
benzaul and L. Flaunlacher of New York
Rev. Marcus Salzman, of Charleston, w. Va
and Mr.. Jacob Salzman, of Baltimore, have
gladdened the hearts of their parents by giving
them surprise visit, which, much to the re
greet of all, was necessarily brief.
Since the establishment of THE JEwIsI
SOUTH, some four months since, sample copie
have been sent to every Jewish family as far q
possible in the cities of Norfolk and Ports
mouth Some few signifed their unwilling
ness to subscribe and in compliance with thei
request their papers were discontinued. 81,
weeks ago representative of this paper wa
in Norfolk and succeeded in getting numbe
of subscribers. 1t was impossible in a limits
time to see all to whom papers had been sent
so the sample copies were temporarily contir
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1893-12-29

IConcIuded. from page IL
frightened whom she saw the meanly-clad
youth who was destined to be her future SON
in-law. She cried, and begged her husband to
take back his word. He utterly refused her,
but SO much he promised her-that out Of this
poor scholar he would make very great man.
! Ibn Ezra noticed that his arrival caused such
Ia diequietude in the house of his teach
Ter, and determined not to let them know his
identity till he found out the, cause Of this
trouble.
One evening Rabbi Judah remained in his
study longer than he was wont. Tho meal
was ready and the household waited for the
Rabbi. Finally he came, and by way Of OK
cuse for his hardness, said in . most grievous
manner, 81 have been working at . poem,
and am unable to finish it." His wife went to
the study and brought out the poem. The
new disciple looked it over, made some altera-
tions, finished it, and returned it to his mas
ter. Rabbi Judah perused it, found it perfect,
and embracing him exclaimed, "You arc no
other than the celebrated Ibn Ezra no scn-in-
law could be moro acceptable" Soon thsre-
after, the poor young scholar celebrated his
nuptials with the daughter of the renowned
Halevi.
Having enjoyed for short time the pleas
ant quietude Of family life, he started, soon
, after his marriage ON his great tour.
He visited several European countries, Pal
i. estine, Egypt, stayed for long time in Tibsr-
n ius, and left great many works as the fruit OF
y these travels.
J. But this gifted son of Israel was not allowed
to enjoy his old age in the quiet circle of his
n family, which consisted of wife and one son.
IN When he started on hia journey he was accom-
A. panied by his son Isaac, who was likewise
r. endowed by nature with his fathers poetical
10 spirit, but who forsook the religion of his an
- cestors, for that of Islam. For this the old
If father grieved deeply and brokenhearted,
( breathed his last at the age of seventy five
,e years. 1t is claimed that this great poet ply
Ne stefan, philosopher, astronomer, died in Rhodes
ve where he is also supposed to have been buried
:. He had the honor to be looked upon by the
he great men Of his time as "The Rising Star"
n Inc great MalmOnl0oS sal0 lon ETA sur
"a passed all his predecessors.
mt His works are very numerous and represent
wv all scientific branches, over which he was mas
n. ter. His best work is q commentary ON the
in Holy Scriptures, wherein he desired to show
If his faithful dependence on Rabbinical Judaism
IIthough he gave evidence, that in critical acu
I men he was centuries ahead Of his day.
CT Exchanges.
The Jewish South. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1893-1899, 1893-12-29

who will take great pleasure in receiptingI
them. All those who subscribed previous toI
December 18th, and who have received bills
from this Office are requested to remit to 722|
east Main street, Richmond, Va.
In thanking our Norfolk friends for their lib
erality, we desire to express the hope that they
will regard The JEWISH SOUTH as their paper,
as much so as if it were published in their own
fair City by the Sea, assuring them that our
columns will at all times be open to any ana
all matters concerning their welfare.
Our Traveller in lynchburg.
Mr.. Max Guggenheimer has returned from
Europe.
It seems pity that with the number OF
wealthy and public spirited Israelites of which
Lynchburg can boast that there is not syna-
gogue or even Jewish lodge of some kind
here.
A Catholic priest here called my attention
to queer inconsistency upon the part of the
Richmond Beth Ahabah congregation in plac-
ing upon their synagogue the date of its erec-
ton with the letters 6 D." added. This is
evidently an oversight, as A. d. (Auno Domini,
is confession of faith in the founder of Chris
tianity.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1893-04-06
Iowa.

A Seymour special says: The farmers
of this county have organized an assoc
citation for the purpose of buying land on
a large scale. Thy contemplate turning
their farms into common fund and do
ing all their business on the cooperative
plan.
AT fire at Spencer, Frank Osborn,
while helping the tiEeinen and saving
property, was injured. He died from the
effects last night
Charles Voss, young farmer living
near Zama, suicided by shooting himself.
Pecuniary difficulties was the cause. He
was unmarried.
Helmer johnson, a fifteen-year-old
boy, while riding on the tender of loco,
motive, fell off and was run over and
killed in the railway yard at Calmar.
Actress Irene Worrell Holton of Chi
cag6 of the once famous Worrell sisters,
gets $4,000 damages for falling down the
opera house starirs at Dubuque.
Comisky Bros, proprietors AZ a large
department stQre at Creston, failed to-
day, Chattel mortgages aggregating
$4,000 were fled. There are other UNI
known liabilities. Th assets are small
The Iowa college for the blind is ar
ranging for an elaborate exhibit at the
worlds fair. Space has been assigned
in the Iowa building. ]. w. Sarnagor.
member of the Columbia committee. was
here to-day assisting the arrangements.
A number of prominent LIQUOR sellers
were convicted in the district court al
Creston and the saloon element Of Cres-
ton is greatly discouraged, States At
torneE Bull announces his intention of
making clean sweep both by prosecu.
tons aud injunctions.