New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1893-04-19
.INDIA rs AS . JUDGES.
THEY HOLD COURT IN DISTRICTS or.
THE RESERVATIONS.

THEY HOLD COURT IN DISTRICTS or.
THE RESERVATIONS.
Some of the Penalties They May Impose
For Ofenses and Their Fees For Per-
forming the Marriage Cerernony-Fines
4 For Vagrancy.
During the recent discussions Of In
dian affairs reference has been made to
the judicial establishments on the reser-
vations. The obstacles to carrying on
there a full system Of courts will be ap-
parent on rejecting, in the first place,
that q large proportion of the Indians
are among the five civilized tribes, who
have arrangements Of their own under
the local governments assured to them,
and next, that among the remainder.
there are many thousands who by TAX
ing allotments have become citizens and
have passed under the jurisdiction of the
states and territories where they reside.
However, there is an existing system
OF Indian courts organized under the
regulations of the interior department,
Thile the act Of 1885 gave to the United
States and territorial Courts jurisdiction
of crimes committed by Indians upon
their reservations. Recently Che regular
tons for the Indian courts proper have
been enlarged, so as to make them more
efficient. Among the changes in the new
regulations is the division of the reser-
vations into districts, with a Judge in
each, while there is court in banc for
the reservation, having a clerk to keep
its records. A reservation may be div
ided into three or more such Districts,
following, as far as achcable, county
lines, provided that the Indian popula-
lions, including mixed bloods and whites,
who are members of the tribes, shall be
nearly equal in the districts. If there
are no county lines, natural boundaries.
are used, So that the Indians can easily
ascertain what Districts thee7 bellong 70.
Al the judges are Indians and must
be men of intelligence, integrity, good
moral character and monogamists, pref
erence being given to those who ''read
and write English readily, wear citizens
dress and engage in civilized pursuits"
They are appointed by the commissioner
of Indian affairs for the term of one year.
subject of course to earlier removal on
proof Of misconduct. Each judge must
reside in the district and hold court at
least one day in each week.
Any Indian engaging in the sun dance,
scalp dance or war dance, or any similar
feast, so called, shall be punished by
withholding his rations for 10 days or
less, or by imprisonment for 10 days or
less, on the first ohense, second offense
bringing not less than 10 nor more than
80 days of withholding rations, or i'm
prisonment.
Plural or poiy2gsr,ous marriages here
after entered into receive a penalty of $50
to $50, or hard labor for 90 to go days, or
both, and the forfeit CT right to rations
while continrinyi-2 such relations. Other
immortality Of like nature is punished.
The vil1SCl destruction Of property Of
other Indians requires the making up of
it's value and clso 80 days il, prisonmeat,
and the plea that the person convicted
or the owner Of the property in question
was at the time 'moy,rner,' and that
thereby the taking, destroying or injur-
ing Of the property was justified by the
customs or rites Of the tribes shall not
be accepted as sufficient Defense
Intoxication and the selling of intoxi-
cants are put on the same footing, bring
ing a penalty of between $50 and 500 or
imprisonment between 80 and so days
The FOUNDERS Of the police courts of CT
ties who are accustomed to the $40 or 10
days Of civilization might be aghast
at the introduction Of these penalties
Among the misdemeanors, neglect or
refusal to perform road duty brings a
fine of $3.50 for every day omitted or
Imprisonment for not more than five
days. Another noteworthy provision
proposed in the new regulations reads as
follows:
s'That if al Indian refuses or neglects
to adopt habits Of industry or to engage
in civilized pursuits or enlployments, but
habitually spends his time in idleness
and loafng, he shall be deemed vagrant
and guilty Of n1isdemeanor, and shall
upon the first conviction thereof be LA
bic to a fine Of not more than S. or to
imprisonment Of not more than 10 days,
and for any subsequent conviction there
Of to a fine Of not more than $40 or to
imprisonment for not more than 80 days,
| in the discretion of the court"
This inclusion Of vagrancy among Of
lenses punishable by the courts is among
the changes in the new regulations.
Any one who adopts the practices of
medicine men or the arts of the conjurer
to prevent Indians from abandoning
their barbarous customs is to be impris-
oned between 10 and 80 days for the first
ofense and not more than six months
for subsequent one. The lettering of
Indians from following civilized habits
and pursuits, or their children from at
tending schools. is also included under
this regulation ..-...=
The district court judges have power
to solemnize marriages between Indians,
the fee for each not exceeding 81, and
they are to furnish certificates of such
marriages.
The Indian court in general term, COM
prising all the Judges on a reservation.