Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1893-02-04

mountain ranges the highest being the
Black Hills, s,249 feet above sea level
In the construction Of the Suez Canal
81, 900. 000 cubic yards of material were
excavated by $4,000 laborers.
Engineering is the art Of directing
the great sources of power in nature for
the use and convenience of man.
Caracalla's engineers understood the
principle Of the siphon and employed il
in some of their water works.
The Rialto at Venice, designed by
Michael Angelo and erected in 1883, has
single span of ninety. eight feet, with
twenty three feet rise.
The accuracy OF the surveying in
ancient engineering Is marvellous consid.
ering the rudeness of the Instruments.
The famous bridge constructed by
Queen Nitocris at Babylon, and described
10y Diodorous, was five furlongs long.
Rome was supplied from twenty-four
arge aqueduots, which brought SO, GOO
600 cubic feet of water daily into the
city.
The first tunnel for commercial pur-
poses was executed 10y NJ. Riguet, in the
reign of Louis XIV, at Bezieres. France.
In boring the Mont Gents and st.
Gothard tunnels, ordinary means were
used first, then steam power; finally
compressed air.
1t is estimated that by improper meth
DDS in the Pennsylvania mines, 80 to 40
per cent of the anthracite coal was for
morly lost.
The Hoosac tunnel, Massachusetts,, is
the longest in the United States; length,
four and threefourths mile; cost, $l4,
GOO 600
The Croton aqueduct is forty miles
long, having sixteen tunnels and Q col
Letting reservoir of 5000, 600, 900 gallons
capacity.
The Ernst August tunnel in the Hartz
miGes IS nine miles long, and the water it
drains from the mines is used for trans
portation.
The Languedoc Ship Canal, in Franco,
10y short passage of AS miles, saves u
sea voyage of 1000 miles by the Straits
of Gibraltar.
Three different boring machines, de-
signed to cut out q central bore twenty
four feet in diameter, were invented for
use in the Hoosac tunnel.
The New York obelisk was brought TO
this country in a specially prepared YES
sell the hold being opened at the bow to
admit the stone.
At the present day most heavy tunnel
work is done by machine drills, driven
by compressed air, which also serves to
Ventilate the works.
Some of the English pumping engines
perform work equalling the raising of
1870, eco, 600 pounds one foot high 10y the
consumption of one-hundred weight of
coal.
The Simplon road, from Switzerland
to Italy, was built by Napoleon's engi
neers, in 1907 over 40, 900 workmen
were employed at one time.
The largest monolith ever cut in this
country was quarried of granite in Mis-
souri, and transported to the East on
specially prepared train.
The length of the Tay bridge which
fell, 1879, was 10,G12 feet, 80 feet above
the water level, IS spans The new Tay
bridge was begun in 1882.
One of the first tunnels in the United
States was on the Allegheny Portage
Railroad in Pennsylvania. 1t was 900
feet long and finished in 1881.
OF the whole length of the Suez Canal,
siXtysiX miles are cuttings, fourteen
were made by dredging through the
lakes, and eight miles required no labor.
The Suez Canal, the greatest work of
marine engineering, is eighty eight miles
long, and reduces the distance from
England to India from II, 1919 miles to
1928 miles
The Victoria railroad bridge over the
St. Lawrence at Montreal is two miles
long, cost over 81, 600, 600, and contains
10, 500 tons of iron and 5000, 600 cubic
feet of masonry.
The auger that bores a square hole
consists of screw auger in square
tube, the corners Of which are sharpened
from within, and as the auger advances
pressure on the tube cuts the round hole
square.
The most famous wooden bridge was
built at SchaiThausen in 1857, by Cru
benmann, an illiterate carpenter. 1t had
two wooden arches with spans of 1913
and l72 feet respectively.
The best example of a stone bridge in
the United States is the high bridge Of
the Croton aqueduct. It's length is 400
feet, the top Of the parapet 116 feet
above high water; there are fifteen arches,
eight Of which have an S0-foot SPAN
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