The Helena independent., 1893-01-06

no. 0D0 acres; public buildings, 1872. 600 aerss.
An agricultural college must be established
In accordance with nm net OF congress-, APP
proved July 2. 1869. In order 10 avail onr-
solves Of the appropriation mKds In the not
ot August So le,W. undsr @ ths provisions
and an increase Of $1,000 psr snnum for
ton years, IL appropriated TO zach state and
territory, and tho sum OF 92b, ,OG0 per annum
10 thsFsafter'to be applied to instruction In
sgricultufs. the various branches Of math-
s%'ssic' physics <. ;,.h natural a and economic
chsnio arts. II requires no argument 10
show the losses which the state " sustain
ing through our neglect to locate this in
slitution.
ORPHANS HOME.
Ia my Judgment. provision should bs
made for state Orphans home. The CON
dition Of these unfortunate children appsnls
10 the generous side Of every mans nature,
and the fostering cars Of the state IL do
Mandsd. am informed that the promot-
eHs OF an OrphnnaQs In tile county OF Silver
Bow offer 10 donate their property, COM
prisinR 100 acres OF land with all ths i'm
provsments. for state asylum, provided II
10 deemed best to establish such an institu-
Sion. recommend the confederation Of
proders Of this character which may come
from different counties in the state while
the question OF c,eatjng An institution Of
this kind 10 pending.
NEW COUNTIES.
Tho creation OF new counties 10 incidental
to the growth of the state. The u % OF
many Of our counties 10 30 great shat the
cost Of maintaining local government 10 .
burden upon the taxpayers. Judicial pro.
cesdings involve an enormous outlay OF
money whom Jurors and witnesses are COM
pslled TO travel from 100 to 400 miles to
roach the county seat To invoke justice
under such conditions il to invite bank
ruptcy to the litiganta, In civil oases. or add
70 the burden of taxation in criminal cases.
Tho trend Of public sentiment is toward
the subdivision Of our larger counties,
Whenever 1t appears that the valuation and
population Of the proposed new county will
Justify the step. But every proposition Of
this character should be approached with
ext enc cate. The interests Of rival towns.
and the ambitions OF would-bs office.hold-
era, should not detiect the attention OF leg
islatoFs ,M, from the rugged merits OF the case.
prediction that tho growth of population
will soon double the number OF counties in
tue state. conservative action by tho logis-
laturs in this regard will at all times con-
serve the best interests OF the common
wealth.
REFORM SCHOOL.
All experience teaches the necessity OF
maintaining state reform schools. The
federal government recognized this in do
mating to our state 5000 acres of land as
an endowment fund for such an institu-
tion. IL 10 cause for profound regret that
very often our courts are called upon
to sentence those who are under the age Of
majority. That such offenders should be
punished in like manner az those who are
older. and practically placed under the
daily tuition OF those who are graduates in
crime by being incar cerated with them,
does violence to every ones sense Of justice.
From this standpoint OF decenoy. human
ity, due regard for the morals Of society.
from an economic standpoint. indeed. from
make such PROVISION for the youthful
criminal as will, while restraining him OF
his liberty, set to work influences which
may result In his reformation. The two
fold purpose OF our penal laws is the pun
ishment of crime and the reformation Of
the criminal. Nov, everyone who has given
the subject any thought and investigation,
knows that the rofo nation of the youthful
offender is made Impossible when he ia
coml elled to associate day and night with
those who are hardened in every form OF
vice.
10 reclaim these young unfortunRtea is a
noble work and appeals to the best effort of
heart and mind OF tho stateman who wants
most to serve humanity and the state. I
hope you can see your way clear to take
some action looking to the separation OF
the youths and less hardened criminals
from old offenders. If you conclude to
establish reform school. it ia my opinion
community, where 1t could be made partly
self-sustaining.
STATE EXAMINER.
My honorable predecessor called the at
tention of the last legislative assembly to
the Importance OF providing for state ex-
aminer, but no action was taken. Our
constitution says: 1.-The legislative assem-
bly, shall provide for state examiner -
This matter, in my judgment, 10 of great
Importance and earnestly ask. in the in
terest OF good government aud thorough
business principles, tha. you create this
Office and define tho duties pertaining
theIoto. These duties are such as TO de-
mand high order Of ability, and I hope
You will hx the salary at such figure as to
command the services Of capable man. /.
II is the common fault Of Legislatures in
the creation of public offices to allow such
small salaries as to make ii practically inn
possible to secure efficient men. The temp
tation is strong to secure reputation for
economy. While economy should be prac-
iced in every part of the state, yet when 10
is done at the expense of the service it
smacks of demaRogism.
STATE BOUNDARIES
There should be NO further delay in off,
cially determining the boundaries of the
state of Montana. Our northern boundary
has been surveyed and its position exactly
fixed by the monuments established by the
American British boundary line commits
sion; our eastern boundary and the Mon
tana. Wyoming line have been located under
the authority of the general land office.
But there still remains to be established
the western and southwestern boundary of
Montana, separating us from Idaho. In
the northwestern portion of tho state. on
the Kootenai river and in the country ad-
jacent thereto, there il a present and pros
psctive activity In mining which gives
promise of a large population in the near
future. Vexatious questions have already
atiscn as to whether claims to be officially
surveyed belong to Idaho or Montana, and
as to which state should order the surveys
made. Tho permanent growth of that sec.
ton is largely dependent upon the official
establishment OF the boundary line. and
the interests of Montana demand an early
settlement OF the question.
PUBLIC LANDS.
Eeventy-two sections OF public land were
donated to the territory of Montana for
university purposes by the United States in
1881. of which 45,226 acres were selected
during the two years following. Another
grant OF 622,0OO acres was made by the
federal government III the act providing
for the admission of Montana into the
union, making a grand total of 66S, $50
acres of public lands donated to US for the
purposes set forth in the act. The report
of the state board of land commissioners
e ia Al