davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1893-03-30

Speaker Barrett's efforts to secure the re-
publican nomination for congressman from
the seventh Massachusetts district are be-
ing opposed by Mayor Hayes of Lynn, who
desires the nomination himself. A party
fight is the result and it is stated that the
democrats are talking of nominating Dr.
Everett who has before narrowly
escaped securing an election to
Congress from this district. IL there is any
thing that Speaker Barrett wants and does
not see be is evidently not afraid to ask for
it, and the fight promises to be unusually
bitter.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1893-03-30

1crms-s1.oo Year, Always In Advance
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1893-03-30
a PROCLAMATION

BURLINGTON, THURSDAY, MARCHED.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
WITHOUT FOOD Or FIRE
Pathetic Plight Of a GreenyilIe
Couple-ChiId III, Parents
Disappeared.

A very pathetic story OF want was
brought to light in the Greenville section
yesterday. Mr.. and Mrs. Tucker. who lived
at NJ. A Walker avenue, and who were
in very sore straits. q their household
belongings taken from them o n Monday
and were left without even q stove by
which to warm themselves. Their four
year old son, John. was lying very Ill.
suffering from a complication OF diseases.
His little bed even was taken away from
him, and he had to be taken away from
parents have now disappeared and no
trace of them can be found.
The unfortunate couple rented apart
ments on Walker avenue, q month ago.
Mr.. Tucker had lost a position a few
weeks previous. which although IL had
Noted him but a meagre salary had kept
them above absolute want. But as
gan to look very dark. Little
John had been sick for several
weeks, and DR.. Walter Wilkinson gave
his services gratis.
THEIR FURNITURE TAKEN
What little furniture adorned their
humble apartments MI. and Mrs. Tucker
had purchased on the installment plan
When Mr.. Tucker was thrown ont Of
work, he found it hard to pur-
chase even the necessarles OF life
and as he could not meet the payments
Of the furniture firm on Monday al
agent Of the firm called and told Mr..
Tucker that as the payments had not
been made, he would have to
take their furniture away Nj. Tucker
begged the agent to give him n few weeks
more tune but it availed nothing, and on
the following day a truck drove up to the
door and their furniture vas packed
upon it and carried away
DR. Wilkinson called upon the family q
few hours later and found MI. and Mrs.
Tucker huddled together in a corner of
the cold kitchen. while the sick
child was lying between them. wrapped
up in an old shawl. The doctor
had the child taken to the City Hospital.
The parents promised to call aG the City
Hospital the next day, but thew never
came, and the last that was seen of them
was when they boarded a Greenville car
bound for the Jersey City ferry. 1t is
believed that they went to New York.
H POOR HELP THE POOR.
The landlord Of the house in which
they lived never pressed the unfortunate
family for the rent. The people living in
the neighborhood are mostly poor people.
but nevertheless they helped the fuckers
as much as they could, by giving them
clothing and food. The storekeepers in
the vicinity also helped them. and Mr..
Tucker helped to pay back the kindness
by doing edd jobs for his benefactors. but
when their furniture was taken away.
their lot was indeed a hard one.
The child is still at the City Hospital,
and is In q very precarious condition.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
BEATEN AT LAST.

The Holzhacker Team Lost Its First
Game In the Hoboken Tourney.
The HoIzhaeker Clubs team, after tax
five straight games and holding the lead
in the Hoboken tourney for several weeks,
fell. The Atlantic oarsmen did the trick.
They won by over a hundred pins. The
Friendship team beat the Phoenix Clubs
octette, and this gives the Friendship
club a chance to win the honors as they
have 1--WE victories and two defeats. Five
cams can be considered in the race for
the championship. Thescore OF the Holz-
hackers first reverse is appended
Holzhacker-Sina, 1873; Bullwinkel, III;
B~odensteIn, 121: T1etjeu, 1879; Meyer. 1853;
Jensen. 1856; Kretzmer, 1872; Schumann,
140; total, l 1855.
Atlantic Boat Club-Sagendorf, 40;
Beyer, 1854: Steil. 149; Bergman, 100:
Yurte. 121; Vottler. 177; Jaeger, 2O5; Hues.
man. 159; total, 1875.
The Friendship team bewled well. One
small score kept the teams total below
that of the Atlantic boabmep. They de-
feated the Phoenix team by 122 pins. The
score:
Friendship-Lieben. 157; L. Schoenfeld,
116: Spohr, 1853; Nordhaus, 40; Sachan,
1877; Nordenholz, 116; A.. Schoenfeld, 1856;
Bryan, 1877. Total, 1851.
Phoenix-Anderson, $50; Herbert, 131:
Karr. ia; Borghart, ia; Meder, 147;
Kuncken, 100; Volk, 147; Winkleman,
1866. Total, ], 129.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
LABOR BUREAU NEEDED.

Men Perish in Cities Where There Is
Work, Because sThey Cannot Find 1t.
Ihave heard it said a thousand times
that in this busy city Of New York no
one who really wants work need 60 idle
long; but In the best season, when work
and wages are most plentiful. that is
only half true. says JAG OBJ A. Riis in the
Forum. The Work may be there. and at
the same time thousands may be going
| around looking very hard for 1t, yet fall
to find it. They do not know where to
look and there is no one to tell them.
| Perhaps they do not know enough to
our language to ask and be understood.
Some agency is needed to bring the work
| and those who own 1t together under
| auspices that would inspire confidence IN
both sides. I remember being called a
year or I'VE ago. in my capacity as police
| reporter. to a tenement on the West side
Il think it must be on West Thirty
| seventh street-where q painter had that
| day cut his throat. Standing there by
the corpse I learned from the sohbing
want OF work. He had been on
the street for weeks and his children
| were starving. IL happened that l had
been for just the same length OF time
look for a man to paint my
house out in the country, where painters
were scarce and very busy. L nao just
made up my mind TO advertise that day.
There lay this painter dead because he
could find no one to give him work. while
/ would have been glad to pay him more
than the wages of his trade to get him
to work for me. Had there been any
means of bringing us together to which
| we would both naturally nave resorted,
| he would have been alive and his family
| self-supporting. Now it seemed certain
| to become a burden upon the pubic.
1t was not the only instance OF that
sort by very many / had come across. |
| thought then. and I think now. that
some great central labor bureau con-
dncted by a thoroughly responsible or
ganization that could appeal TO the COM
munitY with the certainty. not only of
/ existing tbs aid of employers, but also
| of reaching the unemployed. would be
one of the greatest boons that could be
| conferred upon the poor.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
BAYONNE JOTTINGS.

An important communication of Bayonne
Lodge No. 90, f. and A. M, was held last even
ing in Masonic Hall at Bergen Point.
This evening the members Of Bayonne City
Lodge No.Q, Ancient Order of United Worktnen,
will publicly Install their new corps of officers
and celebrate the occasion with q musical and
| literary entertainment in Hendrickson's Assem-
bly, Rooms. Among the guests will be Q delega-
ton from Port Richmond Lodge No. $40, 40:
u. w, Of Port Richmond. Refreshments VIII
be served. The Committee of Arrangements
consists of Messrs. Richard w. Warren, William
! Holiday and Bloom Gardner.
According to the monthly report by City
/ Treasurer William D. Salter the city's financial
accounts contain the following balances:-Gen
eral account. $1,000 81; water account,
$40, f93. "a; appropriation account. $37, $50 81,
Department, SIS, 500 60; salary, s5.645.46, street
| repairs. S2,311.4l; books stationery, printing
and advertising. $3.50. IS; elections, $LS41.77
Fire Department, $l,s4S q; garbage removaL
sprinIliag and repairs to macadam roadways.
S55.70; Insurance SASS.
The stockholders of the Mechanics Trust
Company have reelected the following Board of
Directors:-President, ex-Mayor John Newman.
| Vice President, ex-Counciiman Alfred w. Booth;
seoretary and Treasurer. Charles 8. Noe: James
Cook, George II. Carragan, Thomas j .Daiy,
Ezra B., Ely: Conrad Muller, Joseph H. Snyder
and Counsellor De Witt Van Buskirk.
The election of officers of the Holy Name
| Society Of St. Mary's Star of the Sea r. c..
| Church viii take place on Sunday afternoon In
the basement of the church.
The postp oued annual ball of Company B.
Hibernian Rifles. will take place this evening In
| Brady's Hall at Bergen Point.
In St. Thomas's Hall on West Thirtieth street
the Foresters OF thus city and their friends will
make merry this evening. The occasion is the
|1ifth anniversary of the institution of Court
Wianeld Nc. 1881. A. o T. of A. There waf
be a public installation OF the new officers, la
musical and literary entertainment, a collation.
and q hop.
The weekly reception and hop of the Newark
Bay Boat Club will take place on Saturday
| evening in the club house.
A series of private rheatricals were given on
Wednesday evening at the residence Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Egbert j. Gallo, of Schuyler Court, Bergen
Point. by young people prominent In society
circles of that section. i
Enterprise Hose Company No. 1 has expelled
Edward Farrell, Henry Herchenroeder, John
Ryan. Joseph Brown, Robert Mccarthy and
Patrick Conlin.
The Board of Councilmen has instructed City
Attorney Northrop to bring suit against the
MontcIair Water Compavy for failure to furnish
the new water supply. . penalty is $50 per
day, and the time spec n the contract for
the new supply expiJg al moDths ago.
Disagreeable sem
vanish before Dr.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
NEW BOWLING LEAGUE.
Formed by Three Green
vile and a BaYonne
Athletic Club.
WHEELMEN'S LEAGUE
Jersey City Athletic Clubs Team in
First Place-Big Bowling
Oar and Paddle.

The Greenville- Bayonne Amateur BOWL
ing League was organized last evening
by the Garfield A c.. Puritan A. VI ana
Friendly Bowling Club of Greenviiie, ana
the Iroquois A. e. of Bayonne. ina Gar
fields were represented by J. O'Halleron;
F. Schultz and A. Hossack. The Puri-
a n by j. C. Heider. H. Welbrock ano
H. Nelson. The Friendly's by J. Roch-
renbeck and ]. Koelech. and the lroqoois
by E Edinger.
Mr.. Joseph C. Heider WAS elected tenn
porary chairman. and Mr.. John Rocnen-
beck secretary.
The only business transacted was tne
selection of the name aud the appulnt-
ment of the following committses:-
Constitution and By-Laws-E. Edinger,
II. Welbrock, A. Hossack n +. Hausser.
Schedule-H. Nelson. E.. Edinger, >.
O'Halleron and John Roehren beck.
The league will meet agaih oa Y Hee 4
Thursday evening at the Gal a. Y.
rooms, No. 80 Linden avenue.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
D%EN0DNOING FAKIRS.
Grssnviile Yacht Club Exposes An Even
ing journal Lie.

Gresnviile Yacht Club Exposes An Even
ing journal Lie.
At the meeting Of a G~reenville Yach1
Club, last evening. the members spenI
over a half hour in denouncing the
Evening Journal and another Local
sheet for publishing flake" articles In
regard to the club. The papers in ques-
tlon faxed ccou OF a row which never
took place at the club. The row was
said to have started over the question OF
whether or not liquor should be sold at
the clubhouse. Three months ago when
"Martlp," the janitor of the club. dis
appeared. the club decided at a regular
monthly meeting not to allow spirito us
liquors to be placed on sale there, as there
was no one at the club to take care OF the
t'stuff."
A few weeks ago, however, these papers
"hatcheG" Il Liquor question row."
There was not a grain of truth in the
stories. The articles were read last
night and the papers were denoun ced.
The Entertainment Committee was in
to arrange for a ladies' night on
Saturday. January 81. A covered stage
will meet the guests at the Greenvllle
railroad station and convey them TO the
club house.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
Roman Catholic Rectorshlps.

There are two classes Of rectors in the
Roman Catholic Church, removable and
irremoyable, The former may be dis
placed at any time by the Bishop of the
diocese; the latter can be removed only
after trial on definite charges They are
appointed only under the special exami-
nation conducted by the Bishop, the
Vicar General and church officials, called
the diocesan examiners, who are appointed
by the bishop from among those who are
we'll known for learning in history, law
and the ordinances Of the Church. The
examination is both oral and written,
and covers the whole range of moral ana
dogmatic theology aud cauon law; cues
lions are both speculative and practical,
and must be answered without prepara-
ton. 1t is also required that a short SER
mon on the spur of the moment to be
written by each candidate on a topic
given out by the examiners, who are par
ocular to ascertain the fitness of the eau
dilates for the duties of the confessional.
especially as to restitution aud matri-
mopial cases.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
WHEELMEN'S LEAGUE.
Jersey City A. O. and Ataianta W. Are
Now in First Place.

Jersey City A. O.. and ATLANTA w. Are
Now in First Place.
The first place in the Wheelmen's
Bowling League is now held by the Jer-
sey City Athletic Club. They are not
alone. The Atalanta Wheelmen OF New
ark are on even terms with them. Each
has won four games and lost one. The
Jersey City boys have beaten the
Atalantas, and accomplished u az
Newark, but it was the Atalanta team
which helped cur athletic Wheelmen to
the front in defeating the Brookiyn
Bicycle Clubs team. The Brooklyn
boWlers had bowled three games az nome
and were invincible there. 1t was me
only team that has thus lar nao tne
honor of making the Jersey City boys
play second fiddle. They neld Ine teae
until they went out to Newark, when
their clean record was spoiled. 1t was
further ruined by The Union County
Rca5sters on Wednesday night. Inc
Brooklyn boys bowled at Railway and
were thrashed by 136 pins. This was tne
scorer
Union County Roadsters-Black, 15li
S. Martin, 2O1; W. j. Mooney, 15l: A. Il.
Cham beriain. 10; J. L. Martin. l5S;
Spence, 1876; Langley. 139; N. Il. Mooney,
100. Total, 1925.
Kelly, 1874; Cooke, LIP; Ackerson, l1s;
Sterr, 1877; Allaire. 100; Soper, 1874;
Swezey, 142. Total, 1.096.
TheJersey City boys have a chance OF
occupying first place alone. They will
bowl at Elizabeth this evening against
the Elizabeth Clubs team. The latter
have won only one game. but they have a
spasm occasionally and roll an extra
ordinary game. If they do not
have q spasm tonight the
Jersey City team will win
easily, as it's record shows. 1t is the su-
perior team by many pins. The Jersey
Cityss have a decided advantage now.
They have only n strong team to meet
awsy from home. They must meet the
Union County Roadsters at Railway.
They will play at home against the
other two strong teams, the Ataiantas and
Brooklyns. With ordinary luck the team
from the Heights will attain first place.
The record OF the League men is:-Jer-
sey City A. G. w. and Atalanta w. have
each won 4 and lost /, Brooklyn Bicycle
Club and Union County Roadsters have
each won 8 and lost 2, Elizabeth A. G. w.
have won l ard lost 4 and the Manhattan
Bicycle Club has lost five games.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
DISPUTE OVER FIFTY CENTS.

The business in the Court Of Sessions began
this morning, the first to test justice on a snowy
stealing fifty cents from luis brotherin
law. Theodore Schmidt Of Hoboken
O,Connor admitted taking the money but aid
he was told he could have 1t by Schmidt. The.
afty cents O'Connor said he used to buy some
clothes for his wife and himself. SO that
they could attend the funeral
Of Mrs. Schmidt. O'Connor did not say how
great a quantity of clothes the fifty cents
Bought, Schmidt told the Court that he had
not charged O'Connor with stealing the money,
but admitted that he made a complaint to Re-
corder McDonough. The evidence was so con-
charge.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
THE ENTIRE NEIGHBoRHooD DRUNK.

william McNulty was arrested in Hoboken a
few nights age for breaking a window.
He was arraigned In the Cour.
Of Sessions to-day on charge
of malicious mischief. He testified that when
the window was broken his wife was drunk.
two men who assaulted him were drunk and
that he was drunk.
'.Was there anybody in that neighborhood
who was not drunk on this night?' queried
Judge Lippincott.
mo, sir" was the quiet answer.
ssThat being the case the Court finds you
guilty and will suspend sentence Eaid the
Judge, and McNulty looked happy.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
FIVE AGAINST ONE.
A Young Woman Cruelty Assaulted by q
Family.

A Young Woman Cruelty Assaulted by a
Family.
Dominick Gilelio. his wife. two daught-
ers and son Thomas. Of No. 16 Bruins
wick street, are prisoners at Police
Headquarters on q charge Of
assaulripg and severely injuring
Mary Louri of Railroad avenue,
near Brunswick, All are Poles. Miss
Lcuri says they met her in Railroad ave-
nue. on Wednesday night. knocked her
down and kicked and beat her un-
m%ercifully, She got a warrant
from Justice J.. N. Davis. which Con-
stable Jelly served. DR.. Neviu sent q
certificate to Justice Davis that Miss
Louri was unable to leave her bed because
of Commissions on her side. and the exam
nation of the prisoners was deferred. She
will probably get we'll. There is no
EXPLANATION of the assault.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06

DEATHS.
sMITH.-At No. 500 Garfield avenue, this city. on
Thursday, January s, Helen a. smith, youngest
daughter O. George i. and Julia A. Smith. aged
five years and two months.
Funeral private.
Chez Wednesday, January 4. 1899 James
Roche. 3
The relatives and friends are respectfully invited
to attend the fun eral on Saturday morning at nine
o'clock from his late residence, No. 8Ol Henderso n
| Solemn high mass Of requiem viii he osfsre6 FOR
the happy rapose of his soul.
| EOoTHROYD. suddenly, on january 4. 1893 at
eldest daughter 81 THOMAS and LYDIA B IUydh.
royd, in the seventeenth year OF her age.
Funeral private.
G~EMMELL-on Tuesday, January s. 1899. william
Rollo GemmeIl, only son of William A. and
Clara g. Gemmell IN his thirteenth year:
to attend the funeral on Friday evening. January
S, at $ O'Clock. from the residence OF his parents
| MAHER-On Wednesday. January a, 1895, at Forest
Hnl, N. ] Mary Ashhurst Maher. beloved wife
Relatives and frisnds are respectfully invited
to attend the fuueral from ST. Mary's Church, Jer
sey City. on Saturday, January Z, at ten o'clock
lntcrment at Jersey City.
GRIFF1N.-In this city, on Wednesday, January
Relatives and friends of the family are respect.
dence Of his daughter, Mrs -Hagan, No. 81 R q
road avenue. on saturdas January 4 at $50 A.. M.
mass will be offered for the happy repose Of his
soul.
KINGMAN-In this city, on January 5, 1898, William
Charles Kingman.
Relatives and friends of the family, also mem
bers of Rising Star Lo5ge, No. 40, /. o o. F,
Lincoln Lodge, No. 80, K. Of Fl; Protection
tuaI Aid and the Jersey city Police Department
are in vited to attend the funeral ~crvices on satur
day evening at 8 o'clock at his late residence. 1888
seventh street.
Interment sunday, at p. m.
5yss, Lillian Tsrneeii. Saug tsars q WtJi Sanu :. an 2
Elite A. Turner, aged twenay months.
Funeral from residence, No. 1874 Harrison ave
| nue., Saturday, January Z, at eight T. M.
| ~IETING.-O Thursday, January 5, 1898, Herman
C. Wieting, beloved husband of Mary Agne.
Wieting, aged 4S years,
Relatives and friends of the family. also mem
\ bers Of Humboldt Lodge No. 1852, K. or H.; Order
Of Chosen Friends, Teutonia Council No
q, of New jersey, and FRITZ Reuter- Lodge. No
as, X. and L. OF. H. are in yited to attend thu
nue., on Sunday, January s. at2 D. m.
INCREMENT at New York Bay Cemetery.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
CORPORATION NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given that.o on the Fourth
day of January 1898, the commissioners Of AS,
the Clerk of the Board of Street and Water Com,
issioners their preliminary assessment map and
report for the 9psRi1g & AVENUE.
from Garrison avenue to West side avenue, go feet
The land to be taken for said proBosed improve
ment may be describedrs follows:
aT ssSinn Wher re- the eG line Of oft the north SID side o Of Pa1onia
avenue, would extend II produced through; thence
vonis avenue las said Inc now EXISTS between Gar
rison avenue and Ton ,eie avenuel to West Side
the csnsre line Of West Side avenue, eo.S4 feet;
thence e~asteily and parallel with the centre line of
Pavonia avenue, heretofore dec ared) to Garris on
avenue; thence northeasterly a I'd parallel with
the centre line of Garrison avenue to the point or
The land to be assessed for said improvement
may be describsd aR s. fSl5Sw as:yUE.uE
ION the east s'de) from Tonnele avenue to a point
about 1872 feet sogth # 5sy0 aHhs sys4ue.
6o,e the s Tsst SIDE 1875 frG 9ges Pa no4sh awe aaenq ssl' g P pee,
ROMANO AVENUE.
from Payonia avenue, as proposed ABOUT PIG. II feet
VAN WAGENEN AVENUE.
from Pavonia avenue, as proposed. about 22l,9 feet
n0''n AM '0'''' 1 ooRBIN AVENUE.
from Pavonia avenue. as proposed, about 2lS. is feet
WEST SIDE AVENUE,
ION the east side from Payonfa avenue, as pro
posed, about 1891 feet north. anu 2SO.us feet
south.
ION the east side) from Pavonfa avenue, about
2uU.6 feet north an DAG feet south
D ANENUE,
from West Side avsnne to Giles avenue.
GILES AVENUE,
Ton the west sfde) from a point in the centre line
OF Pavonia avenue If produced through, about lzS
feet north by rs iee1 south.
AS also all land fronting on said proposed open
ing.
And that the sixth day of February. 1898, at
len O'Clock A. M, and the meeting room Of
the Board Of Street and Water commissioners are
hereby hxed as the time and place when and where
the Board OF Street and Water Commissioners will
meet to hesr ami con4ider any objection TO said
report or to the improvement that may be pre-
b. order Of the Board of Street and Water Com
missioners.
Clerk.
nosod o,oo, ste, Tonuor, q 1909
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
yL,uck and Labor Proverbs

Luck is waiting for something to turn
up
Labor, with keen eyes and strong will,
turn up something.
Luck lies in bed and wishes the post
man bring him news of a legacy.
Labor turns out at six o'clock, and lays
the foundation of competence.
Luck whines.
Labor whistles.
Luck relies on chances.
Labor on character.
Luck slips down in Indulgence.
Labor strides upward to independence.
Are you the slave Of luck or the friend
of labor.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
EXCITING TEAM CONTESTS.

The Klikow Bowlers Made Big Totals
in Three Close Games.
The excitement was as great last night
at the Klikow alleys over a series of team
contests of the Klikow Club as il they
were championship games. The bowling
was fine. Teams OF five were engaged
and the smallest total was over eight
hundred ana two OF the scores were above
niue hundred. Only two individual totals
exceeded Two hundred. The scores:-
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1893-01-06
TO HAVE A MASKED BALL

The Hudson County Schwabischer verein met
last evening at Kraus' Hotel on Dun
can avenue, Greenviile, and appointed
j.. Abel. E.. Koch, d. Kraus,
L. Gonla, A.. Kraus. E. Ehing, Il. Wendler,
6. Kruse. g. Schwab. G.. Bumbruster and G..
Schaefer u committee to arrange the
masquerade ball which will be held at Metro
politan Hall on Monday evening, January 23.
Mr.. Adolph Becker was proposed for member.