Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1893-07-20
FARM AND GARDEN
Effect of heterogeneous FertiL
izers on Crops.
PRACTICAL BREEDING RULES
The Man Who Feeds Haphazard i,
Most Likely to Make Very
Serious Mistakes.
PRACTICAL BREEDING RULES

into a series OF practical Tis, is
for breeding, of which the following a.
a brief synopsis:
|. Animals should be fed as much .,
they can digest without injury to health
2. They should be fed balanced 70,
ton that is, one in which the varior.
ingredients are adapted to their need,
and the purpose in feeding.
8. Food is required to maintain anim9
heat; hence animals exposed to cold n.
quire more food than those proyida
with warm but well-ventilated quarters
The man, therefore, who is kind to HI,
cattle is kind to himself.
4. The digestive capacity of animal,
may be stimulated by variety OF food
salt, etc.
With regard to the substances which
enter into the composition of foods 70,
stock, usually arranged in six groups
the following definitions are given:
l. Water-The amount of this varies
with the kind OF food supplied. While
pure water has no nutritive value in it.
self, it plays no unimportant part in the
animal economy, and should be freely
supplied and of the best attainable quail
ity.
2. Ash-This is what remains after the
combustible portions have been burned
away. 1t supplies the mineral ingredi.
ents 10 the animal body.
8. Protein pronounced pro-tee-in)- Z
Is the nitrogenous portion OF the food.
and goes to form muscle and all other
nitrogenous parts of the body, aiding al. +
most in the formation of fat. 1t is the
most valuable of all the food ingredients.
4. Fat-This substance produces ami.
NAL heat, or is stored up in the body as
fat for future use.
5. Carbohydrates include the starches
gums, sugars, ETC., and produce fat and
heat.
6. Fiber-This substance has about
the same composition as the carbohy.
drates, but is much less digestible, and
has but little if any nutritive value.
1t is by knowledge of these various
ingredients as combined in different
foods that scientific feeders are able to
secure the best results, whether they are
feeding for milk or muscle. A man who
feeds haphard, with whatever he has on
hand, may happen to hit on the right
ration, but the chances are he will make
very serious mistakes. The subject for
rations for cattle is one OF the deepest
with which stock owners have to do.
FACTS ABOUT FERTILIZERS.
As the results of experiments at the
Storrs Agricultural School it has been
found that, while the addition OF min.
eral fertilizers increased the yield Of
clover, it had no material effect on the
yield of grasses. In general the yield Of
hay was increased with the quantity Of
nitrogen supplied; but the mineral fer
tili2ers when used alone were applied at
a loss.
Some OF the facts obtained are well
worth attention. For example, the ad.
dition of 100 pounds of nitrate OF soda
per acre Containing twenty-five pounds
OF nitrogen in addition to the fixed min.
erals gave an average profit during pe-
riod of three years of $1.40 per acre
Three hundred and twenty pounds OF
nitrate OF soda (tifty pounds OF nitrogen
gave an average profit OF 1924 per acre
while 4S0 pounds of nitrate of soda (sev-
enty-tive pounds of nitrogen) yielded a
profit of only S2.45 per acre. The re-.
turns of profit from the useo OF 800 pounds
of nitrate of soda were very uniform, be.
ing $40, S5.l2 and $5.49 respectively for
the three years.
The application OF nitrogenous fertil-
izers, it was found, increased the per-
centages of protein in the crop, and the
increase was somewhat in proportion to
the amount OF nitrogen supplied. The
increase in the amount of nitrogen in
the crop did not, however, equal the in
creased amount of nitrogen supplied in
the fertilizers, which would appear to
show that the plants were not able to
utilize all the nitrogen supplied.
1t is plain, therefore, that it is not
profitable to apply more of this expen-
ssive ingredient than the plants can read
lily assimilate.
TO FATTEN DUCKS.
An English contemporary says: First,
select clean, shady yards; if they are
grassy, SO much the better. Do not put
more than 100 birds together, giving
them about six or eight square feet OF
room per bird. Begin fattening when
the birds are eight weeks old. The feed
may consist of 20 per cent of cornmeal
10 per cent OF gluten, 10 per cent OF
Bowker's animal meal and 5 per cent Of
wheat bran. This should be carefully
mixed and made quite moist, but not
sloppy. The birds can eat it more read
lily when it is little sticky, and do not
waste it so much. The feeding trough
should be five to six feet-two for each
100 birds. Feed regularly three times
day-at sunrise, noon and sunset, water
ing at the same time. In warm weather
the ducks should be watered between
meals in addition. Be sure and feed all
they will eat clean. II there is any food
lett in the troughs at the end of twenty
minutes, take it up clean so that the
birds may not be cloyed. Keep cracked
oyster shells and coarse sand in small
boxes within reach. Give green clover
or corn fodder once each day-say at S
\. M.-what they will eat each day.
Pekin ducks, carefully grown and iatted
in this way, should at ten or eleven
weeks old tip the scales at twelve pounds
per pair. That is about the average
weight.
NOTES.
Don't cool off the stables before milk
ing. 1t makes the cows hold up their
milk, and frequently they become fret
ful and kick.
Sweet cream should be churned at a
| lower temperature than sour, and it
takes a longer time for it to separate;
otherwise the same rules apply to both,
The foals OF 1898 need the best OF care.
Tive them food adapted to their needs.
lhree hours week can be protitahy
spent IN training each pair OF colts dur
ing their first six months.