davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
SCIENTIFIC SCRAPS.

Successful experiments have been
made in burning brick with electricity.
Sir John Lubbock, who once kept a
queen bee for fifteen years, declares
that test proved that the eggs were
as fertile at that age as they were
twelve years before.
There has not been total eclipse
of the sun at London since the year
lao, except that of Ills, and
Holden says there will not be an
other until after the opening of the
twenty-frst century.
Much interest is felt in Scotland in
the attempts to utilize Scotch oil-in
which the trade is much depressed
for increasing the Illuminating power
of coal gas The mixture is claimed to
give better gas, at lower price.
The last annual circle of wood leaves
an accumulation of living cells upon
its surface, and towards midsummer
these cells produce an abundance Of
new ones until the aggregate is sufi-
cient to form new annual layer.
This process on common trees requires
about six weeks.
According to Topinard, the average
height of Laplanders is 60.7 inches !;
of Bushmen, 81; of Chinese, Ga; of
Frenchmen, 65; of Russians, 65.4 of
Germans, 66.2; of Danes, 66.2; of
Irishmen, 81; of Englishmen, Scotch
men and Swedes, GA; of America
Indians, 6S.2; of Patagonians, 1913.
Certain heterogeneous prove to be
capable of enduring great changes of
temperature; and Forster and Bleek-
rode have found few species, having
an immense number of individuals,
that develop at freezing point. One
of them, living in sea-water, produces
phosphorescence at that temperature.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
When You Want 10 Look on The Bright Side Of Things,
Use
SAPOI 10
August
Flower

I used August Flower for Loss of
vitality and general debility. After
taking two bottles I gained SO lbs.
I have sold more of your August
Flower since I have been in business
than any other medicine I ever kept.
Mr.. Peter Zinvil1e says he was made
a new man by the use of August
Flower, recommended by me. I
have hundreds tell me that August
Flower has done them more good
than any other medicine they ever
took. GEORGE w. DYE, Sardis,
Mason Co., KY. 8
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
FARM AND GARDEN NOTES.

FARM AND GARDEN NOTES.
Sunfower seed will often induce lay
ing.
Parched oats are excellent for the
hens.
Bowel disease in summer is sign of
lice.
Green clover is valuable for the lime
it contains.
A warm mash is often relished by
the poultry.
Rats are worse enemies to chickens
than the family cat.
It is the regular systematic care for
the chicks that tells.
Shelter should be provided against
the cold and the damp.
If the hens are fat, linseed meal
should not be given them.
A patch of grain sown where the
chickens can help themselves will be of
great value.
Whitewash should be literally ap-
piled to the poultry house. Keep the
chicks off damp floors.
Broken flint is largely used by poul-
try keepers in neighborhoods where
gritty substances are scarce.
Success with poultry generally de-
pends upon good food, good water,
good quarters and good care.
Chickens can be cured of the gapes
by dropping down their throats lump
of camphor as large as can be swallow
ed with ease.
Wheat is an excellent reproducing
food and will also make young fowls
grow rapidly. There are times when
the relative values of wheat and Of
poultry products make such feeding
profitable.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
FOWLS FOR THE TABLE.

OF all the fowls the well bred Dork-
ing still stands pre-eminent, says a
correspondent in English Live Stock
Jou. nal. The reasons for this are =
First, it is large sized bird, and its
meat is tender, savory and juicy, at
the same time sufficiently firm in tex
ture. Second, the breast is very
broad. deep and projecting. This is
the most valuable part of the fowl, and
in the Dorking enables one to cut ex-
ira wide slices from it. The shoulders
also are quite full, which is another
good point in its favor. Third, the
body is long parallclogram. thus
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
DESTROYING L1oHENs ON PEAR TREES.

DESTROYING LICHENs ON PEAR TREES.
The presence of ichens on pear
trees is at least Objectionable, if not
absolutely harmful, and many means
have been devised by fruit growers to
rid their trees of the growths. As
general thing, the various washes have
not had the desired effect, but expert
ments made last year, under the aus
pices of the Department of Agriculture,
and the personal direction of M. B.
Waite, special agent, show how simple
tits. In large orchards in Southeast
ern Virginia, many of the trees were
infested with great masses of IL
cl-ens, foliaceous and crustaceous,
some adhering to the rough, ex-
foliating bark, and others to the
smooth, green bark of small limbs. In
the experiments, four fungicides were
used, but only one gave any good re-
suits. This one was Bordeaux mix
ture, which is now SO well known for
its effects in preventing many plant
diseases. The formula used was: Six
pounds ofcopper sulphate, fourpounds
of fresh lime, and eleven gallons of
water, instead of the usual twenty-five
or forty-four gallons This was applied
to the trunks and larger branches with
whitewash brush, and it's effect was
almost Immediately apparent. The lis
chens turned yellow, and within three
weeks-probably in less than that time
the lichens were dead. Later expert
ments showed that just as effective re-
suits were obtained by spraying with
an ordinary spraying machine. Care
should be taken to thoroughly wet the
branches. When eau celeste was used,
the results were not satisfactory.-[A Am
erican Agriculturist.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
KNOWLEDGE

Brings comfort and improvement and
tends to personal enjoyment when
rightly used. The many, who live bet
ter than others and enjoy life more, with
less expenditure, by more promptly
adapting the worlds best products to
the needs of physical being, will attest
the value to health of the pure liquid
laxative principles embraced in the
remedy, Syrup of Figs.
Its excellence is due to its presenting
in the form most acceptable and pleas
ant to the taste, the refreshing and truly
beneficial properties of perfect lax
ative; effectually cleansing the system,
dispelling colds, headaches and fevers
and permanently curing constipation.
1t has given satisfaction to millions and
met with the approval of the medical
profession, because it acts on the Kid
neys, Liver and Bowels without weak
ening them and it is perfectly free from
every Objectionable substance.
Syrup of Figs is for sale by all drug
gists In Soc and 81 bottles, but 1t 10 man
nfactured by the California Fig Syrup
Co. only, whose name is printed on every
package, also the name, Syrup of Figs,
and being well informed, you viii not
sccapt any substitute if offered.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05

making It in comparison to other fowls
like that of the Shorthorn cattle.
The Houdan is the nearest approach
to the Dorking of all other breeds
both in size, good shape and qualities
of meat. As it carries fifth toe and
top knot, it is generally thought to be
across of the Dorking or the Poland;
yet have seen it stated in French
publication that they have been known
in France for upward of three hundred
years.
The game fowl is first quality, but
its meat is of different flavor from the
two above, resembling that of the
pheasant, and for this reason many
prefer it. The size varies from large
medium to small, and does not carry
so much meat on the breast in proper
ton to its size as the Dorking and
Houdan. This is deep but more round
ing and less projecting. Some other
breeds of fowls are well shaped and
moderately full in the breast. Among
these I found the Dominique super.
ior.
Most Of the Eastern fowls are def.
cient in good breast save the Langs.
han, which is said to be pretty fair in
this point. The others, except Brahma
now and then, run too much rump,
where they are extra large. AS the
meat here is not equal to that on the
breast and rather coarse, they do
not excel as table fowls. But the
chickens grow large rapidly, and as
people generally are not particular as
to the quality of poultry they sell well
and are popular with the public, their
extra size being their chief merit.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
FARM AND GARDEN.
CONTROL OF QUALITY.

The quality of butter may be infiu-
enced by the food, according to some
experiments conducted at the Maine
Agricultural Experiment Station. The
milk from five COWS was analyzed and
the effect of the feed on the quality of
the butter noted during three periods.
The practical fact which the expert
ment makes evident is that mixture
of cottonseed meal or inseed meal
with corn meal and wheat bran, espec-
tally the cottonseed meal mixture, pro-
duced butter less easily melted and of
more solid appearance than did the
peas and barley. This indicates that
the tendency of butter to melt during
hot weather may be controlled to a
large extent by the kind of food the
COWS are getting. II American Farmer.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
The Slaughter of Elephants.

In Zanzibar alone, some 500, ZOO
pounds of ivory are brought every sea-
son to the market. There are tusks
among them weighing from $50 to 160
pounds, and even more, but, of course,
the tusks are mostly small, for it is
much easier to trap or kill young
elephant than an old one. Let US say
that on an average every tusk weighs
twenty to twenty-five pounds. The
tusks of 10000 elephants are brought
annually to Zanzibar.
Elephants in Africa are mostly
killed by poisoned arrows. Perhaps
fifty per cent. break away to die
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05

in the jungle, where their tusks
are never found. So perhaps
10000 elephants have been sacri-
feed to get the ivory for the Zanzibar
market alone. Besides this a lot of
ivory is used in the interior for all
kinds of domestic purposes. The
tusks are used as grain Founders, etc.,
while ornaments are commonly
fashioned of ivory. There are ever
chiefs in the interior who have fence
around their houses made of elephant
tusks. San Francisco Call.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05
Those Dear Girls.

Anne--Do you know, Mabel, had
two offers of marriage, last week?
Mabel-My darling Annel I am SO
delighted! Then it is really true that
your uncle left you all his money!
buffalo Express.
Passaic City record., 1893-08-05

Iron steamships were first Quilt in
Great Britain 1643.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19

this condition Is what We ordinarily
call light. This porous quality of
bread enables the stomach to RAPIDLY
and easily digest it, for the gastric
juices quickly soak into and attack it
from all sides. The fermentation Of
the dough. however, uses up Il portion
of the nutrient elements of the Loaf.
If it bc possible, therefore. to produce
Il light porous loaf without this de-
struction and without the 'kneadinG"
process. which fills the dough with
germs and filth. and without the long
period during which the raising process
goes on. the gain in food and the gain
in the avoidance of the germs is ex-
ceedingly plain.
But while we can easily see the dan
gers which attend the use of yeast it is
certain that the v~csiculating effect
produced by it on the dough is 20 the
last degree perfect. Ey this mean
that every particle of gluten produces
its little bubble of gas and that there
fore the bread is properly raised that
is. it is raised everywhere. 1t is APP
parent that if we are to substitute any
other system of bread making we must
have one which will give us. first, me
chanical results equally As good. that
is. that will produce minute bubbles If
carbonic acid gas throughout the mass
of dough. Now it is in no way dill
cult TO proGucc carbnnic acid gas chem
ically. but when we are working ct
bread we must use such chemicals as
are perfectly hcalthful. Fortunately
these are not hard TO find.
The evils which attend the yeast
made bread are obriatei by the use of
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19
HORSE SENSE.

An Instance Which Shows Wonderful
Sa=acIty In Two Animals.
a writer in Nature from the RuSkin
museum, Sheffield. records an instance
of sagacity in horses From the win
dow opposite, he says. have just wit
messed an interesting performance on
the part of two horses. Bordering the
park is a strip of land, doomed to be
built upon, but meanwhile lying waste
and used for common pasturage, on
which the horses under notice were
leisurely grazing. A pony in n cart.
having been unwisely left by the
owner for n time unattended on the
grass, suddenly started off, galloping
over the uneven ground at the risk of
overturning the cart The two horses,
upon seeing this, Immediately joined
in pursuit with evident zest- My first
superstition, that they were merely
joining in the ~cscapade in a frolicsome
spirit, was at once disproved by the
methodical and business-like manner
of their procedure. They soon reached
the runaway. by this time on the road,
one on one side of the cart and one on
the other; then, by regulating their
pace, they cleverly contrived to inter
eept his progress by gradually coming
together in advance of him, thus
stopping him Immediately in the tri-
angular corner they formed. Until
the men came up TO the ponys head
they remained standing thus together
quite still; then the two horses, evil
IDENTIFY satisfied that al was now right,
without any fuss trotted back again
together to their grass
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19

the cir and dust. The longer any sub
stance to be eaten is exposed to the
air, the greater the chance that GERMS
will be deposited on it. Bread raised
with yeast is worked down or kneaded
twice before being baked and this pro-
cess may take anywhere from four
hours to ten. 1t has, then, the chance
of collecting disease germs during this
process of raising and it has two peri
DDS of working down or kneading dur
ing each of which it may gather the
dirt containing the germs from the
bakers hands. As no bread save that
raised with yeast, goes through this
long process of raising and kneading
| so no bread save that raised with yeast
has 50 good 4 chance of gathering
germs.
What is meant by raising" bread is
worth a few words. The introduction
of the yeast into the moist dough and
the addition of heat when the pan is
placed near the fire produces an cpor-
nous growth of the yeast fungi-the
yeast germ" in other words. These
fungi effect a destructive fermentation
of a portion of the starchy matter of
the fiour-one of the most valuable
nutrient elements in the flour. The
fermentation produces carbonic acid
gas, and this. having its origin in
every little particle of the starch
which is itself everywhere in the flour.
pushes aside the PARTICLES of the dough
to rive itself room. This is what is
called raising the bread.
1t needs but 4 glance to see that it
is. in its effects on the dough, purely
mechanical. The dough, which was
before q close-grained mass. is now
! full of little holes, and when cooked in
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19

When a woman is sick and tired and
has to make a good appearance she can
belle her feelings by putting on a red
dress. IL that charitable, warm-tinted
toilet is not at hand, get a crimson,
claret or cardinal scarf or a yard of
silk and fashion a kerchief, bretelles
or chemisette against the face. Red is
the flag of health the banner of love,
the color of life: il Is the rouge with
witch nature makes up the palms, lips,
ears, cheeks and tingernails of her
children: it is the heart of more than
half the flowers; it lines the sea sheiis
and tints the priceless pearl, and it is
the best anti-freckle cure and skin
brightener in the trade. No woman
suspicious of her beauty should at
tempt to dress well without a red
pJwn.-N. Y. Recorder.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19
HOW INSECTS MAKE MUSIC.

KatydiGs Rub Their Shoulder Blades and
Grasshrppcrs Strike Their Wings.
Everybody is familiar with the music
of the katydid. Here, again, says the
Washington Star. it is the male that
has the voice. At the base OF each
wing cover is 4 thin mcmbraneous
plate. He ~clevatcs the wing covers
and rubs the two plates together. IL
you could rub your shoulder blades to-
gether You could initiate the operation
very nicely.
Certain grasshoppeI" make a sound
when flying that is like Il watchman'5
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. very rapidly re-
pcated. There are also some moths
and butterflies which nave voices. The
deaths head" moth makes n Noise
when frightened that strikingly re-
sembIcs the crying of a young baby.
How it is produced is not known,
though volumes have been written on
the subject. The mourning cloak"
buttcrily-a dark species with a light
border in it's wings-makes Il cry of
alarm by rubbing it, wings together.
The katydids. crickets. grasshoppers
and other musical insects are all ex-
aggeratcd in the tropics. assuming
giant forms. Thus their cries arc pro-
portionateiy louder. There is an East
Indian cicada which makes 4 remark
ably loud noise. 1t is called by the
natives ..dundub," which means drum.
From this name comes that of the
genus. which is known as dundubia.
This is one of the few scientific terms
derived from the Sanskrit.
The '.d~cathwatch" lisa popular name
applied To certain beetles which bore
into the wall, and floors of old houses.
They make It ticking sound by stand
ing on their hind legs and knocking
Their heads against the wood quickly
and forcibly. 1t is 4 sexual call. Many
supcrstitions have been entertained re-
spccting the mise produced by these
insects, which is sometimes imagined
to be a warning of death.
Entomologists have succeeded in re-
cording the cries of many insects by
the ordinary system of musical nota-
ton. But this method does not show
the actual pitch, which is usually scv-
eral octaves above the staff. 1t mere
ly serves to express the musical inter
walls. 1t is known with reasonable GER
tainty hat many insects have voices
so highly pitched that they cannot be
heard by the human ar. ms evidence
of this fact is that some people can dis
tinguish cries of insects which are not
audible to others.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19
SOME SANITARY ASPECTS OF
BREAD MAKING.

Health Commissioner, New York City.
It is necessary, If one would under.
stand the sanitary aspects of bread
making, to fully comprehend the pres
ent theory held by scientists of germs
and the part played by them in disease.
The theory of disease germs is merely
the mime given TO the knowledge had
Of those germs by medical men, a
knowledge which is the result of il
Vulnerable experiments Being this,
the old term of a theory" has become
a misnomer. A germ of a disease is a
plant, SO small that / do not know
how to express intelligibly to the gen.
eral reader its lack OF size. When this
germ is introduced into the blood
or tissues of the body, its &C
ton appears to be analogous to that
which takes place when yeast is added
to dough. 1t attacks certain elements
them, at the same time producing new
substances
But the germs of the greater part of
the germ diseases, that is, of the infec-
tious and contagious diseases, will de-
velop or increase in number without
being in the body of a human being.
provided always you give them the
proper conditions. These conditions
are to be found in dough which is be-
ing raised with yeast. They are
warmth, moisture and the organic
matter of the flour on which the germs,
after certain changes, feed.
1t is necessary to remember at this
point that yeast is germ growth, and
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19
Setting Doubtful Color.,

It is not always possible to tell what
will set all colors. but a trial of diff
ferent things with samples of the vari.
Gus goods will usually settle the mat
ter. Black and white cotton goods are
generally successfully fixed by adding
about a cup of salt to every two gal.
Ions of water used in the last rinsing.
A delicate lavender or pale blue had
better be set by soaking it for two
hours in a pail ofstrong salt and water
before it is washed. Wash it as usual
after this. being careful to use no soap
that has soda or any strong alkali in
its composition. As Il rule it is best to
avoid any brown soap in washing fan
nels or colored goods, but use a good
white soap. Wiring all calico goods as
dry as possible. and hang them in the
house to dry. This is better than to
dry them in the strong light outdoors.
where delicate colors are liable tn fade.
Another important matter is to sprin-
kle calicos and colored cottons just be.
fore they are ironed.-N. Y. Tribune.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19
Chudren's Witty Excuses.

The excuses given by children . in
order to escape from some distasteful
duty are often exceedingly ingenious
and even witty. Johnny was afraid of
the dark, and his mother was trying to
induce him to go to bed without her
accompanying him. The boy was the
owner of a little bantam hen and Ihir-
teen chickens. so his mother used these
as q sort of argument to convince him
of his folly in being afraid of the dark.
"Why, Johnny, just think of your
chickens--how bravely they go off tc
bed every night without a thought OF
the dark, and you, a great big boy, are
afraid to 90 upstairs aloner." Johnny
was silent for a moment, and then said:
But. mamma, don't you see the reason
hat the chickens are willing to go &c
bed in the dark Is because the old hen
goes with them? And 90 think yos
esght to 60 with m&."
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1893-08-19
SAVINGS IN THE KITCHEN.

If crackers nre stale or moist,
sprinkle slightly with salt. and heat
in d moderate vcn
DRY the leaves and left over stalks
of celery, and keep them in n sclf-scal
ing glass fruit jar, to favor soups with
DoN'r pay five cents more for -four
in a cloth sack. when you can buy more
and better cloth for the same amount
of money
DoS'T throw away a lamp-wick as
soon as it is short, but wash it, basic a
strip of white muslin to the lower end
and use it a week or two longer.
If hard soap is taken from its wrap
pings and stood edgcwisc on Il shelf in
a a room, or put in n bag and hung
behind the kitchen range for n few
weeks, it will last decidedly longer
than otherwise. katherine johnson,
In American Agriculturist.