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The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1893-05-24
TO CORRESPONDENTS,

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The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1893-05-24

tural Society. Some OF the papers throw consd-
cradle light on the fruit conditions OF that State,
such as is not found in the boom literature for
outside circulation. There was a long discussion
on the subject of grapes. Judging from the
statements made, Florida grape growers get
prices for their fruit that make a California
growers mouth water"
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1893-05-24
INTELLIGENT LABORERS HEEDED.


For many years there has been n great
need of better class of labor in Florida
a need of more intelligent men to cul-
tiVate the groves, gardens and vineyards
of the State. In the long ago, before the
development of fruit industry of the
State, and when most Of the Florida
farming was done in the northern and
western portion of the State, and when
cotton was the chief, we might say the
exclusive crop, this need was not 50
greatly felt, for the reason that the
negro understood fully the character of
this work He was raised in the cotton
fields and in fact knew nothing else but
cotton and it's culture Then again there
is Il vast difference between cultiVating
a cotton crop and an orange grove, vine
yard or truck farm. The work of the
former is more solid and varies but lit
tie from year to year, while in the latter
eases it must be changed from year to
year to suit the varied seasons and the
CHdLStS VI Cllc grown ,lSc anu CO1ulIlOll
Of the farmer
The negro is hard worker rs long as
he is intelligently ''bossed'' and directed,
but as soon as the supervision Of the
labor is suspended its efficiency in large
measure ceases.
AS compared to other Southern States
the price of common labor in Florida is
very high-unreasonably high it would
Seem-in most cases being an advance
of from fifty to sevcnty-fivc per cent.
OF course we refer to the Southern or
fruit producing sections of the State.
In the northern and western portion of
FlOrida-What is known as the farming
section-We presume the same prices OBJ
tain as in other portions of the South.
Good intelligent white labor has al
ways been scarce in the South. This is
probably accounted for by the fact that
white men must compete with negroes,
and the negro being of lower order of
the animal kingdom than the white man
lives cheaper and has but modicum
OF ambition, consequently he works
cheaper. The better class of white men
soon rise above the position of common
labOrer, and in short time instead of
being an employe he is an employer.
We think it will never be possible to
secure from the native American pOpu-
latiOn the class Of labor most needed in
Florida. Although tourists and maya
zine writers have written page upon
page and volumes upon the subject of
race prejudice Ga subject of which. we
are sorry to say they know but little)
they have failed to minimize the "Dre-
judice ITO such an extent that the eau
casian citizen OF America will labor side
by side in the same field or grove with
the Ethiopian. OF course we again re-
fer to the better class of white men
the class we need. Experience of those
who have employed both white men and
negroes largely for years goes to prove
that the white man who tolls by the
side of the colored brother year in and
year out-whO is willing to accept the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1893-05-24
EDITORIAL CHAT.

Public health legislation at the capital
is said to be hanging fire. This is bad. We are
not conversant with the bill or bills before the
legislature but it is certain that the public health
is one of the things that cannot be reelected
whatever else is.
XIV
The senate has passed Senator Marks
bill appropriating 600 for the Florida exhibit
at the Worlds Fair, on condition that the rail-
roads of the State appropriate like amount.
The $25O 900 to be appropriated by the State is to
be divided among the several counties in proper
ton to their assessment. OF course the bill has
not yet passed the house and we rather fearful
that, it will not.
An inspection tax of twenty cents or
fifty cents per ton on fertilizer, in fact any
kind OF a tax on fertilizers anything else is not
a d by the manufacturers but by the consumers.
1t would seem that some of alleged states
men now occupying seats the floor of the
State capitol are not aware of this fact. At least
some of them seem perfectly willing to saddle
tax OF fifty cents per tor all the fertilizer used
in the Stated tax which the hard pressed soil
t.ller cannot afford to pay.
The Los Angeles, (Cal) Times of the
18th says "a recent issue of the FLORIDA AGR1-
CULTURIsT contains an interesting report of pa
pers read at a meeting of the Florida Horticul-
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1893-05-24
TERMS.
ADVERTISING RATES.

Rates for advertising furnished on application.
by letter or in person.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1893-05-24

Entered at the posrofice at DeTand. Florida, rs
: scOnd Glass matter
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20
Telrgray,i,ic Clicks.

BASIL LOCKWOOD. the calOrcd hero
OF the Ford Thcater disaster at WASH
ingt"n, has been presented with gold
watch.
EDWARD NJ. GADSDEN, of Georgia.
has been appointed superintendent of
the money order service, Postotlicc De-
p trtment.
The Arkansas State Bank Of Stuff
CART. and the Arkansas Farmers and
Traders Bank of Dewitt, Ark, have
closed their doors.
THE Mayor and Council of Kansas
City, kas.. have concluded to order the
electric lights turned off on account Of
the city's poverty.
\ NEW trial has been granted to ex-
Cashier John W. Flood, convicted Of
embezzling $l64,OO0 from the Donohue
Kelly Bank at San Francisco.
THE firm Of Corrigan, Ives & Co., Of
Cleveland, was placed In q receivers
hands on petition by Judge Stevenson
Burke, who charged that the active
partners have contracted debts to the
extent Of 100000 without the consen,
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20
CHAPTER v.

Inquiries made at the Club confirmed
de SOuza'S surmise that Delmar wa-
there on the night of the murder. He
hal gambled, won. and gone home, as
usual, about three O'Clock. But though
Drlmar was no. liked. and it was sup
posed that he did not always play fair.
there was nothing to show that any
member OF the club was privy to the
murder. The last man with whom he
had played cards, and from whom he had
won the most money, could account for
every minute of his time, from Del
mars departure to the discovery of the
crime.
The night porter. the head waiter,
and the cham bermaid We're arrested and
examinel; but, as there was not a par
ticle Of evidence against them, and
they made no damaging admissions. all
were released after Il short detention
Wherefore, to O'Yea's ,hagr:n. the
boom did not las: long. There was
nothing to keep it going. and except 10y
tho police and few others the Crime
OF the Hotel Mijoux" was soon forgot
ten. Among the few others was Mime
MiiouX. Several OF her visitor. left
and though the room in which Dclmar
dici WAS one OF the best in the house
no one would have 1t at any price.
by don you core and live hcre,"
said de Souza 10 ME one day. Il wish
YOU woud
Il wish I eon'd. rnfor,uu ately, l
cannot afford 10.
Yes. Sou can. il you axe not super
stitious. Are you2
The idea of a suh-,ditor being SUPER
stitious,
well. I have spoken 10 Nine Mijoux,
and II you will occupy nelmar's room
for two months she Will let you have it
for nothing. and give YOU a good break
fast every morning into the bargain
Pour cucourascr les autres, sup
pose?
Exactly She thinks YOU will bring
her la bonnie chance" ,sooi luck.
All right It's a bargain"
when will you come:
'To-nisht>
And l did. and the arrangements
suited me to T. 1t was great saw
Ing. an important consideration III those
DAYS. l was also nearer to my work
and saw Marie and her broth, T every
day and dned with them at least once
week.
Shortly after l took up my quarter.
at the Mijoux she asked me whether
was not afraid Of sleeping in "tha:
dreadful r ON.
Not the least. Why should l be-
: We'll. know should be. Of course,
You are always careful 10 lock you,
door
Il never lock my door on principle.
knew a man who always locked himsel.
N his loom. One night he was reused
ny cry o. fire. but the lock being
hampereu ne could not get out. SO had
~ drop from the window. thereby sus-
tanning injuries that crippled hi Il 10!
ne. besides, l regard number fifty
OK tbeimar's old ruoUa ,, the safest
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20

to the next floor. Before attempting to
open thu door We Knocked vigorously
and ~houte our lOudest.
something wrong here. said de
Sou II as he put the key in tho lock.
We went into the room together, lcav-
Ing the landlady. Jules and the cham
b. maid In the corridor
why. he Is fast asleep still. Wake
w. old man. My God. look at that
Then saw that the bed clothes were
enlrared with blood. and a thick pool of
ii was coaSulatcd on the carpet
ne has either been murdered or
bending over the body. AT any rate.
he i, dead"
Suicide. perhaps.
NO. Tho wound is there between
thc shoulders. 1t is case of murder
Don't disturb anything. Jules, go to
the nearest police station and tell them
what has happened 20 running. No
tn ~ must so In until the police come,
locking the toor and putting the key in
hi>, ocket.
- murder in my house. Oh mon
hi u. mon Dicu' | shall be ruined.
cried Nine. Mijoux. wrneing her hands.
what shall do? What shall do"
l,rr Miss de Souza came up. looking
much more frightened than Grievel. I
wa. glad t. see After telling her that
II was really true Dclmar had been muir
dcre,l. her brother advised her to return
t. thcir own partm.QtS. which she did
pr 'mptly.
Presently Il commiSsary o. police and
two sendarmes arrived. followed L, a
short interval by JUICE construction
AMI Il surgeon. The magistrate. aided
by the surgeon. drew up Il process verbal.
an questioned cveryl Ody who could
thr light on the affair. De Souza
I" g.! ali hc'knew. which was very little.
no more. i'll fact. than | knew myself.
Mine MlJoux and the chamtermaid
KEW nothing. The n ght porter. who
HL"uid nave been an important witness.
was Just rs ignorant NJ Delmar went
Ou' at on the previous night but at
what time he returned the man could
not :,ll. He slept in an alcove. near
the front door. which he opened with a
cord ~ any OF the guests who rang the
bell and gave his name. But as he had
acquired the habit OF performing this
duty automatically, and invariably fel,
asleep again the next minute. no could
give no information as TO the murI.raj
man : return.
The position OF the body and tho M.
tn OF the wound left no doubt that
p"Inar had been Killed While tie sIen.
III the opinion OF the surgeon. about
8 ur 1 o'clock with long bladed,
Oharp- pointed knife.
save for a few pieces OF silver, the
victims pockets Were empty. His
watch was under the pillow. The door
had been locked. OF course. from the
on. side. and the key taken away
When III" urortS rcrbui hal been
draw up. and the preliminary invest.
ga IONS completed, the i"J, Il H~'rat-
DO. to whom de SouZa was well known
askcd him what he thc-ght u the N
1Ais.
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20
CHAPTER ".


Tho morning was fair and myself In
high -pirits, for was going to see Miss
de Souza. and / inferred from her broth
er' : silence OH the subject that his fears
and mLe touching Delmar's supposed
des gn5 were proving groundless. True.
my friends were going away. but they
liked Paris 50 well that 1 felt sure they
would soon return
started at IL, a world too soon, but
b. lettering On the way and making
few det,urs l contrived to arrive at my
destination not many IN nutes before
thu appointed time. After exchanging
bon ours with tho porters and Nine.
Milou., the landIady. went up stairs.
My friends rooms were on the first
floor, en- suite. Delmar's bedroom was
on The second floor NO. 80.
I te de Souzas were waiting for me.
and "a went Marie rang the bell for
breakfast. She looked as bright and
happy as usual. but her brother was
pale and heavy-eyed and complained Of
hrada'he. His sister suggested that
walk would do him good and proposed
q roll in the BOi-, propos al to which
Il sented gladly ana de Souza with
seeming hesitation.
SO soon as breakfast was over Marie
went to her room to put on her things.
Two minutes afterwards there came
a knock at the door, followed by Nine.
Nljnux. looking Hurried and anxious.
"rardOn me for intrudinQ on YOU, NJ.
dc Souza. But N. Delmar-I am very
nu h concerned about him-and you
are his friend, and 1 want your advice
~ 20 what l sh ,uld do.
My advice will be quite at your
service, Nine. Mijoux. when l know
what has happened suppose some
thing has happened"
81 hope not, monsieur. Still it is very
strange. Last night, before he went
out. NJ. Delmar ordered himself to be
called at 10 and his breakfast be served
al half-past. Jules called him at 10,
Without response; he has called him
twenty times since. always without re-
spouse. IL is now 11::,n: his breakfast
ma been ready an hour. Jules has
ca led him again. l have called him my
SET, always without response. What
ought we to do?"
80 urst open the door, should say.
He may be Ill.
There is no need TO break open the
door. The chambermaid has key.
But f he is we'll and simply very fast
as.cep he might be vexed. l thought
you would, perhaps. kindly"
90 In? Certainly. Where is the
kew Com" along, Davenport"
The key was brought and We mounted
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20

multitude saw Z all. They saw the
:ir.lnen leap out through the circling
flames 10 sure death below. They saw
the high tower, wrapped in flames.
rreInblc with doomed men still cl;uEins
10 that cgumb-ing ledge under the
dome. They saw the bodies tumble
into the great vat OF flame.
The crowd Sickened at the hor-
rid sight. Women screamed, wrpt
and tainted. children cried and strong
men turned away and cursed in Il help
less rage. Sixteen men jumped from
the burning balcony, and. as the last
one sprang out, the tower. completely
enyeioped in flames, tottered and fell
with a crash. The burning mass
smashed through the roof, carrying
with il the dead and wounded who had
not been dragged TO a place of safety.
But the horror did not end here
Three minutes after the fall of the
tower the entire roof was ablaze. One
hundred men We're on II. Sc quickly
did the fire spread that the ladders on
the east and south sides We're cut of.
The only way Of escape for the gallant
hundred was down single ladder at
the nor.h end Of the building.
Deeds OF Heroism.
The deeds of heroism and courage
performed in the few minutes that it
took to clear the roof will never all be
told. Half a dozen brave fellows with
the burning roof sinking beneath thci,
feet rushed to the aid and rescue OF
Captain Fitzpatrick. who lay moaning
mangled and dying right in the seeth-
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20

ing mass of flame. Many others rushed
to save their helpless fellows. who lay
about with cruelty broken bodies. the
result OF the leap from the tower. Ev
eryono who was not buried in the
burning debris was lowered to the
ground by ropes or in strong arms.
Then the blistcrtd heroes sought
the north ladder. About them
-urged the fire. Flames c,lrled
around their legs. stabbed at their
faces and licked OFF their mustaches
and eyebrows. But here. as in the
tower, there was no cutlery, no struggle
for precedence. no cowardicc. Down
the ladder they swarmcd, by twos and
thrces and on both sides. The last man
had scarcely left the roof then it fell
with roar. Ambulancesc came. Bodies,
the smell of which made the nostrils
sick, were hurried away. All the
stretchcrs were smearcd with blood.
The firemen. maddcncd by the fate of
their comrades. fought in reckless
spirit Of revenge. Soldiers and guards
OF a half-dozen nations held back the
insane crowds. As the hospital filled
up the building burned. 1t may never
be known how many victims lay in its
fiery depths.
Will VIC dAl vi d UctdClllIleut ol III
fantry fire line was formed and a pas
sageway through the crowd was made
for the ambulances. With this ar
rangement a large space east Of the
64th street gate became practically
clear. On the north side stood the
line Of infantrymen resting on their
rifles. On the east there were infan-
trymen and some French and Russian
marines. On the south the fire en-
gines chugged and pounded. Every
/ few minutes an ambulance would dash
across the space and there would be a
flutter of excitement as guides in gray
uniforms and guards in blue lifted
something into it. At intervals down
! the front of the line Of soldiers men in
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20

to bear on the flames, which all the
while We're spreading swiftly down the
tower. One big gust of wind after an
other swept down great sheets OF flame,
until the fire finally caught at tho win
dOws where the men We're standing on
a fOothold not moro than two feet wide.
1t was then that the most awful Ca
tastrophe met the eyes OF the thou
sands of moaning. Mortified spectators
who. now aware of impending danger,
stood in the avenues below watching
the flames eating their way down to
the men. The poor fellows Gu the VIM
dow ledge Were helpless. Their hands
were full Of hose and they had not no.
ticed the flames SO close. Suddenly there
was an expl, sipn-the ammonia pipes
had burst - and flames bclched
everywhere from the windows OF the
tower between the unfortunate tiremen
and the ground. Chief Murphy him
self had led his men on their perilous
climb TO the balcony, and when the fire
broke out below he ordered them to
save themselves. They could not go
down as they had come up. for the in
, terror of the tower was a roaring crater.
They We're completely surrounded and
burning timbers began to fall from
above The poor fellows huddlcd to-
gether as close d, possible at one corner
hoping that their comrades below could
| reach the flames with streams Of water
or afford some other relief. But it was
no Use. They We're surrounded by fire,
| with the roof one hundred feet or more
| below them and the tower ablaze nearly
all the way down.
| Futile Efforts to Escape.
/ Some # the men tried TO slide down
! the hose which had been drawn up.
| TIL. first man who tried descended half
| way 70 the roof. where the flames flew
| ont ard caught him. and he dropped.
| doubtless dead before he struck the
roof. Another and another tried II.
| The dark bodies Were seen whlrllng
| through the air. The arms We're out
stretched and the garments We're blaz
Ing. \ rope dang!ed down from the
| high ledge. Men with flames biting
their very faces fought to reach the
| rope. Some had fallen over - the
roof. eighty fee below. One had
| leaped away out. his body lurchinr for
| ward a> he shot downward \ man
was seen - start downward on
the rope through the boiling red
mass. The pope snapped. His body
| turned over ana over "a i fell. From
! thousands 81 watching sufferers went
UP a g~oan. thousands Of grcan> joined
into one. and then there came ShrieAs
as women tainted. For the building
which had started - burn stood a. the
| south ~ the grounds. just west from
| the cen.cat cuurt q honor, ND the
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20
HORROR At THE FAIR
COLD.STORAGE BUILDING WAS a
OEATk-TRkP.
Seventeen Firemen Crenated i'll the Burn
ing Building - Imprisoned Ivy Flames
They Leap from One Death to Another
I3elow-.A SickeninE Sight.
In Graves OF Flame.

The Worlds Fair has received bap-
tism Of fire and blood. seventeen fire
men We're killed outright. others will
die. and still others are seriously. in
jured including number Of spectators,
while property inside the grounds
to the value of $4,000 has gone up
in smoke.
Shortly before two o'clock on Monday
afternoon flames Of fire We're discovered
darting out from the cupoia Of the cold
storage building, POO fee. above the
earth. The entire brigade Of the
Worlds Fair fire department answered
al alarm. The grounds were thronged
with visitors. the heavens were blue
above, brisk north wind swept over
the park, and the gaudy engines and
carts seemed but to add to the holiday
appearance Of the scene. It was as if
the fire department was out on dress
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20

the hospital service stood grouped
around the little red banners which
showed their calling. The banners
looked like the guidons and added to
the strangene>s Of the scene, which
was half military in appearance Back
% the military lire the great!c-owd
nassed it-elf and stared with stony
faces over a the gha,tly happenings
across the way.
Witnessed by Thousands.
Twenty thousand people saw the hor-
for. Wien the tuwrr tel on the un-
foH:unates on the roof the groan that
went w. seemed to shake the skies.
Army officers. whose fHces never
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20
OF all. contrary to the articles Of agree

OF all. contrary to the articles Of agree
ment.
COMMODORE SAMUEL LOCKWOOD,
who entered the United States navy
IN $50. chen Il years old, died ut
Flushing, L. I.
WIN. HARMON. a convicted train rob
Der. on his way Ia the penitentiary,
leaped from Il train noar Fort Smith
and was killed
{. NJ. ZlEGfER. n travelling doctor.
committed suicide n; WawakA, Ind.
Letters in his pockets showed That d.
nnes;ic TROUBLES caused hjna - do tho
Ga.Al
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20
Man steep. Twenty out of Fifty Years

by the time Il man reaches his titt!eth
birthday he has passed 5000 day or
nearly twenty Years IN seer. No mar
Vel that a fellow sometimes rUhS his
head ana wonders ~whe!e on e@r-h .h,.
time ha- gone TO-" Or. !. ore correct =,
under the new regime, ~w4ar i ha-
been a.:
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20

b.anched in m, face Of death, covered
their eyes, turned away ami shudoered.
Bearded ner cited out and beat the air
with ilupotcUt fists. Women swooned.
and children Sto, q tran>tixed with hor-
ror w hen the terrible tragedy was at its
height some one in the crowd shouted:
Kun for Your lives: the ammonia tanks
are going to explode" y stampede en-
sued. Those nearest the building turned
and dashed at the living walls behind
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1893-07-20

narade. and none of the thousands saw
any menace in the little blaze away up
at the crown Of the big white building.
Fire Marshal Murphy, who was
among the first at the blaze, ordered
his men to the row of long windows
near the top Of the tower and went up
himself But there was great difficulty
in getting up hose or getting a stream