The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-11-12

This Is saving much when you thlhh %
the tremendous pressure Of work on MN,
WITCH encroachts on every minute W
time WHY II is q common thing ioi
him 10 arouse his official household ana
plunge into work at a. NJ. three OF
four hours before sunrise lie IS a man
OF iron, almost tireless in body and brain
In addition TO affairs OF state and the
local affairs Of the province he is cohtli'-
ually called out 90 review troops lhsPec'
ships. ship.yards and arsenals. ana Watcn
a thousand administrative detahs.
# presume the viceroy Is man OF
large wealth, as Il Is said that hlgh
officials In China have every opportunity
Of squeezing those below them
"Wei. Il is true that the fammahF We"
Of office prevails largely even among inc
highest mandarins. 1t couldn't De ou,,
wise Fixed salaries are very s.udH'
ogicials OF an ranks exc 0ut their hFlhs
by fees and emoluments, and II pubic
fundz sometimes stick fast IN TRANSIT IL y
wirked at by the Peking authoti'ies. %
LONE as the leakage iS not excessive. lHi'
has been the memorial hapit, ana IL -
not looked on I'm China as IN other paIH
Of the world. Many Of the MANDARIN
have accumulated fortunes IN tnls "as
and are thought none the worse ioI ~
craat ae are the Offices of II, hissipend is
ne Is expected 10 DO, in order 70 sustain
HE rank. But for all this he Is under
stood 10 be poor man I'm spite OF his
sip,nle habits OF life. When you CONSIDER
what man Of such enormous power
could safely 90 and yet roiralns from
doing. you can see why he is regarded
among us as the beau ideal Of honor ana
integrity"
What first brought Ii Hung Chang
into great promiBerce?'
"The Tarplng war furnished the oppor-
tunity Ii gradually arose from honor to
honor as he became known IS man OF
consummate ability both in field ana In
council. AZ the close Of the reDelllon'
which lasted about fifteen years, III had
already signalized himself as the most
important actor on the stage. Gordon
was directly under his command In the
victory IS almost rs brilliant soldier
the whole disastrous business. The
viceroy Is almost as brilliant soldier as
as he is statesman, though he is essen
tally pacific in his ideas of public policy.
He specially admired General Grant,
because, though a great soldier he was
such lover of peace"
1.-The viceroy's theory Of Chinese wefare,
then, is to avoid an foreign entangle-
ments.a and make concessions rather than
fight, / take e., or as Americans would
say, 'crawhsh If need be?'
That's one way 10 put II. a more
correct way would be this. Ii knows mat
the an important thing for his country
Is internal development; that the enor-
nous resources of China are almost UNI
touched: that war would be certain 10
Qelav progress. lie knows too that Won
derful as have been his Improvements
in the Chinese army and navy within the
u - &
being equal yet 10 any foreign power ~
war-making strength; and that war would
probably end in Chinese defeat and hunll-
iatiou. That is the reason why emma
submitted 10 the late French aggression
in Siam. The time is coming when CHINA
viii hold her own with any power but IL
is not yet. In the meantime let China
lend all her energies 90 making herself
great at home by introducing reforms and
borrowing the modern arts and sciences.
That Is Lis idea"
81 understand that it was through the
ciceroy that telegraphs were inaugurated
in China2'
"EesI that was twenty years ago. II
was his influence with Prince KING then
the great power behind the thtCLe. which
secured the authorization. There are now
about 1901 miles of line CCHaecung the
important provincial and commercial
centres with Picking. That has done a
great work i'm opening the eyes of the
bigoted literary class. most OF whom have
fought bitterly against Lis reforms q"
The literary class, Why one would
fancy they would be heart and soul for
reform?'
mot in China. You must know that
no man can ever acquire the rank OF
mandarin, OF even petty office. without
passing through one or more of the lit
erary examinations, of which there are
/ three. Literature In China means merely
the ancient Chinese classics, the notions
OF which about science, art, and history
| are very narrow and auUquated. The
great scholar in China, saturated I'm this
ancient learning, is a man whom we
should call very ignorant. His conceit
despises the new knowledge. BESIDES,
he knows that if the western arts and
sciences get the upper hand he would
need TO begin all over again. or 70 be "a
nobody. Ii IS a great master of the
Chinese classics and reveres tfem, but he
outgrew them many years ago"
Il suppose many western books of
science are translated into Chinese and
are available for those who might wish
TO use them?"
THAT is one great stumbling block.
| Chinese, though in many respects a
| rich and beautiful language. is struc-
| turally incapable Of representing the
| Technology Of western science and the
| ideas which lie behind it, Those who
master foreign science must do SO i'm
| foreign languages for the present Ii
| himself to be sure, knows no English
! or French but he is such q thorough
! student OF results, of historic and poll
! teal facts that while technically lg-
! norant of science, be fully appreciates
| it. You can see, now why the literati
| fight so against the arts and sciences of
| the west"
How about railroads in Gilman"
That IS the viceroys great hobby
| Even the army, which his efforts have
armed with Remingtons and Krupp ar
tillery and disciplined under German oni-
| GERS, and his new iron-clad navy. do not
| so occupy his heart TO Introduce rail.
! roads mas been the great battle OF his
| life. and ne is Just beginning to reap the
| fruits of victory"
What is the actual progress already
made?'
Not 50 much actually but great 20.
tenually The ice has been broken. A
road runs from Tlentsin, through the GOA
fields OF ki-yiis. TO the Great Wall, and
is being built thence into Mantchuri1
| Upwards of 100 miles are i'm operation and
when completed, il VIII be 200 miles long
Another route is projected from Tientsin
| south. along the coast"
| How long has Ii been striving tC
| Teach this result?"
"He and few others whom he haf
converted began TO memorialize the thron,
during the first years Of his vlcerega
rule in Chilli. Though he had the backing
/ OF Prince kuns, the hostile influence.
were too strogg. The most powerful OF
the government boards at Picking is the
Board OF Censors, which consists OF old
I i'm