davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
WARNED BY rnE GLOBE
He Responded With Revolver
When re Held Up His Hands,

A bold atrempt at highway robbery
which occurred Friday night, was re-
ported to the police yesterday. l.. f.
Smith. living at 257 West Fifth Street,
was the intended victim, but Mr.. Smith
bad his nerve and also a revolver with
him, and the thug came off second best.
Smith was about 20 open the door of his
boarding house few minutes before
midnight, when tOugh-lonking
fellow called on him 10 throw up
his hands. Smith, who has been
reader of the GLOBE was prepered for
just such an emergency, AMI while he
did as he was told. he also threw re-
vulver which he carried in his r@ht
hand into the highway mars face. The
tables were turned so quickly that tie
thug was completely taken by surprise.
smith told the tell:,w TO make move
and 1le was dead man. and ordered
him to skip. In order 10 make sure that
the man would leave the neighbOrhO0d
Smith walked behind BIN to the corner
OF Fifth street and Smith avenue, and
the bighwayman. at his command. gal
loped down the avenue at & Lively gait.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Commissioner browning Makes
His annual iteport.


His annual iteport.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 23.-The COM
missioner of Indian affairs. Daniel NJ.
Browning. submitted his annual report
to the secretary of the interior today.
A change III the policy of administer
ing affairs was made in the latter part
oi The fiscal year. This was due to the
order of the president detailing army
officers to act as agents, INSTEAD of civ
ilIans. Of tifty-seyen Indian agencies
there are now tWenty-slX in charge of
army officers. Great effort is being
lliade 10 reduce the cost of the service.
1h5 estimates for appropriations for the
hScal year ending June 80, 1880
amount 10 S6,93l, ,756. which is S1.l9I.414
less than the estimates tor the current
fiscal Year. ENCOURAGING advance has
been made in Indian school work. Tne
total number of pupils enrolled is 21.-
lSo. DIX new training scllOolS ami var
lOus boarding schO0is have been
opened. The amount set apart Tor
contract SchuOlS during the current
fiscal year is S502, ,635, being $50, ,6O3 less
than last year.
Ii Is believed by the commissioner
that the interests of the Indian will be
better protected aud their legLI rights
secured by the provisions of an act of
congress appropriatinz $1,000 to pay
legal costs Incurred by Indians in con-
tests by or against them i'll public land
claims.
the policy of the government in max
Ing allotments, 1t is stated, is To fit tile
Indians for citizenship.
Indians al the MenOminee reservation
IN WISCONSIN logged 20,0O0,O00 feet of
10 Ntna1Ns a Itnfr b..
" lth funds OF aUout $6O,000 a creditaule
irrigation system will DE eStablishe on
The Navajo reservation in Arizona.
Over S3,OU0,00J has been paid to Indians
other than the five civilized tribes dug
ing The past year as interest on trust
funds, treaty stipulations and other
deUtS.
The appropriations for the service for
the fiscal year 1891 amount 10 S7,O54 ,963.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24

to go Into executive session at 4 o'clock.
and Mr.. McPnerSon (Dem., n. J.,l
wanted t. know whether any question:
nf appointments 10 office was of Snfti-
rrnt Importance 20 Justify neglect or
delay as la the rep al bill. The discuS-
SION. in the opinion of Mr. Chandler
(Rrp., y. H., was drifting too danger
uIlsly near IL q revelation of executive
secrets, and finally Mir. Voorhees him
self submitted the motion, and the sen-
ate proceeded to executive business in
which 1t remained until u'clock, when
1t adjourned uulil Monday at IL Il. III.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
4 Banker Goes to Jail.

TACOMA. Wash, Sept. 23.-S. B.
Dusinberre, ex-cashier of the Bank OF
Puyallup, who Thursday pleaded guilty
to the charge of embeZzling the funds
of the bank, was sentenced i'll the su-
periOr court this after oon to three
years in the Walla Walla penitentiary.
DuSinberre made a lengthy speech, in
VIII ich he threw himself on the mercy
OF The court. Six other indictments for
embezzlement and grand larceny were
quashed. The sentence is regarded as
light. 1t was alleged that Dusinberre
had taken $4,000.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
A $4,000 SAVE
Wanted by Mrs. Lila Clement. of
Minneapolis.

WINoNA, Minn.. Sept. 23.-The SEN
satiOnal breach of promise suit, Mrs,
Lila Clement, of Minneapolis, W.. Sey-
mour Brown, OF Win1na, for S25, 100
damages, began this morning. The
scanGalOus nature of the case was ap-
parent from the start. Judge Start or
dered all persons under age excluded
from the court room. The entire murn-
ing was consumed with the examna-
ton of Mrs. Clement. She testified in
detail as to Browns relations with her,
and how. through his influence, she
secured divorce from her husband.
George Clement. She had lived with
the Browns for sixteen years. till last
October. when she moved to her
mothers home in Minneapolis. She
told of Browns visits to ner there. how
he had advanced money and promised
to marry her, and admitted their Grim.
inal relations. She also told how Brown
had afIerward repudiajed this promise.
and since SUNNI, had igmOrtd nPr let
ters. and would have nutning 10 do with
her. At nuun an adjournment WAS
taken Til .iuniay.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
A Measure of ECONOMY.

The amount of gas consumed in keep.
ing the lights burning in the chief of
police offices all night to prevent his
safe from being burglarized, is becom-
ing quite problem for the taxpayers
The GLOBE detective bureau has an
piled to the burglar alarm people for
rates, and finds that the full rate for
placing burglar alarm on the chief
of policies safe would be 50 cents a
night. Ii is, however. quite prob
able that the city could secure
very considerable reduction on the
regular price in view of the splendid
advertisement secured for the burglar
alarm. and while not positively author
lied, tie GLOBE detectives think the
projection could be obtained at the
nominal figure of from 10 to - cents
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
odd Fellows Adjourn.

MILWAUKEE, Wis, Sept. IS. The
sovereign grand lodge of Odd Fellows
concluded its session today and adj
jOurned. The action tine grand sire
i'll declining to furnish Archbishop
Kalzer copy of The ritual was coll
tirned, OH the ground that no authority
exists for revealing the secrets of tlis ur-
uer To- any man EXCEPT by Initiating Inn
as member. A resolution was adopted
declaring tnat all regulations OF lie Suv
ereign grdIlu luuge Tor Tie government
OI subordinate grand jurisdicIinns sIaII
apply 10 Tie heUeKan degree until ii
cure of laws Tor that degree shall Ue
adopted.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
4 DARINU BURGLARY
Which the A.ayor's Detectives
AiTI Inu..ctinot, &c.. 49,,

Which the A.ayor's Detectives
Va ill Inv. stigate After While.
The residence of Charles Schanno. a
dairy man al the corner Of Como bOule-
ward and Adams street, was burglarlzed
Friday night and a gold watch and
chain and S35 in money stolen. The
burglars forced open one of the rear
windows, and then made a search of
the house. So we'll was the work done
that The robbery was not discovered
until yesterday morning, when the
occupants arose. MIR. Schanno reported
The burglary TO The police yesterday
morning, and gave the detectives a de-
ScripliOn of the stolen property. AS
soon as the detectives can spare the
time from investigating where MaybelI
got his stationery and who bored the
chief OF policies safe, they will look into
the matter.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
A BIG Steal.

BosToN, Sept. 23.-An indictment
warrant is out for the arrest of T. o.
Richardson, formerly of the firm of
Richardson Il Dennis, leather dealers,
charging him with swindling over $780,
000 The firms involved are some of
the largest banking houses at Boston,
New York and London. The immediate
complainant is the firm of J. S. Morgan
d Co., the London bankers.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
A PRIsONHt', PARTNER
Is Arrested aIiI heId to Give
States evidence.

40 SOU W OINe
States evidence.
Patrolman KIuZak yesterday made
good capture i'll the person of Henry
Dunavan, who is now at the central
Stallion. D0nav@n, who halls from Oma-
ha, Is a partner of George Farrell WHO
held up the pr0Drielurs of two Chinese
laundries Thursday night. information
OF which WAS first given The ponce hv
the Globe Detective bureau. A.
Ter beng locked up Donavan
made confession in which he admit
ted his correction with Farrell and also
with Iames Griffith. who was sent to
the wurkh0use Tor ninety days thurs
day Tor ''Iiiung" a ring from The level
ry store Of Henry JACKIE on East aev-
enth street. Griffith was arrested by
PatrolmaT kluzak shortly alter stealing
the ring. Donavan says the two men
anu hlmsell came from Omaha a week
ago. lie VIII be allowed 10 turn State,
evidence IN order To convict Farrell.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
A Nice Legalouestion.

The question as to whether the wages
of an employe of a corporation that is
in the hands of receiver can be gar
nshed has never been passed upon in
the state of Minnesota. The question
has been raised by Ambrose Tighe in
case pending in the district court In
which the Northern Pacific road is the
garnishee. A decision III the matter
will be Of general interest.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
THE LUCKY ONES.
More Patriots Appointed TO Serve
Uncle Sam

WASHINGTON. Sept. 23.-The presi-
dent today sent the following nomina-
tions to the senate: Joseph A. Manson.
of Tennessee, to be marshal of the
United States for the Western district of
Tennessee; Joseph Ii. Woodnorth, of
Wisconsin. to be pension agent at Mil
Waukee, Wis: David NJ Boyle, of South
Dakota, TO be register OF the land office
at Pierre, S. D.; James K. Wright, OF
Michigan. to be receiver OF public mon
eys at Grayling, Mich, Joseph +, Carter,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Murphy's Bond $4,000.

Special TO the Globe
GRAND FORKS, n. D., Sept. 23.-The
temporary bond of NJ. F. Murphy was
tonight fixed at $4,000 pending further
proceedings TO be heard next week by
Judge Templeton. The bondsmen are
Mayor Richardson. John Bartholomew
and E. NJ. Prouty. Sentiment Is now
practically a unit in Murphy's favor.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
GILBERT p. RUGG's FUNERAL
To Take Place Under the EIks'
Auspices at q u. m. Today.

The funeral of the late Gilbert P.
Rugg takes place from the family resi-
dence at . y. m. today, the exercises
being in charge of st. Paul Lodge of
EIks. No. 80. The lodge will meet at
its hall at D. NJ. and proceed iii cleo
trio cars TO the residence. The officers
will occupy carriages, and special
cars have been secured to take the
body of the lodse and visiting members,
holtl 10 the residence and to Oakland
cemetery. J. l.. Stack, the exalted
ruler; Esteemed Leciurrng Knight E.
Ii. Drarth, and other officers have be ell
active in making tile arrangeme nts
complete for the last tribute to q be-
loved brOt her
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Indicted rur ARSON.

SpecIhI 70 the UIODe.
LITTLE FALLS, Mimi, Sept. 23.-John
A. BenOlkiu, formerly a saloOnkeeper
here, now emp!O. ed hs bartender i'll a
saloon formerly run by him in the
Vasey block, was today indicted for
arson. Thursday there was small
blaze in tnis establishment, and evl-
dences Of its being set on fire were
plain. 1t is for this Benolkin was in
diotpd
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24

of Montana, 10 he agent for the Indians
of the Fiathead agency. in Montana.
AlSO the following pnstmasters: james
5. Butlolph, Iowa Falls. To-; Matthew
NJ. Vonstein. Glidden. ln. John Ahern.
Slayt"n. MIMI; Frank A. Wells, Plain
view, Minn.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Flittie on Hansbrough.

Specialize the Globe.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 25.-John Flittie,
of Mayville, eX,secretary- OF the state of
North Dakota, is at the Ebbett house.
He will be here several weeks. He
says he thinks Hansbrough represents
popular sentiment in his state in voting
against repeal, though he does not
represent the Republican party in his
present attitude.
Mr. Hall Is suffering from a Slight in-
disposition, which has kept him out of
his seat fer the past two days,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
SAVE ME-"
An Innocent n an sentenced to BE
Hanged.

Aoh&C0s
MEMPHIS, Tenn, Sept. ga strange.
eventtuI errand took Capt. VIII. WoOld-
ridge off to Birmingham, Ala, last
night. 1t was in response TO the fol-
lowing, received by wire during the
day:
II am sentenced to be hung for mur-
der Dec. "a, 1891. l was working for
you at the Woodbridge Stove works
Come and save me. (SigneO William
Bell"
Upon investigation Capt. Woodbridge
found the facts as stated in the tele-
gram by Bell to be true. The man was
actually at work III the Woodbridge stove
works on McLelore avenue at the time
stated, and, upon further investigation.
it was shown by the books of the con-
Germ that he had been employed at the
work for several months prior to the
date alluded TO, as well as tor a consid-
cradle period afterward.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Ashland Bank OPENS

ASHLAND, Wis, Sept. 23.-The First
National Bank of Ashland, which sus-
pended July 81, will open its doors and
resume business on schedule time Oh
Monday morning. Nearly all of the de-
posItors have signed au agreement to
take certificates of deposits, payable in
three, six, nine and twelve months.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Hay WILL REMAIN.
He Will Not Be Removed From
His Position.

Special to the Globe
WASHINGTON, Sept. 23.-Mr. Cut
cheon called upon President Cleveland
today and had a pleasant interview. He
also had long interview with Attorney
General Olney. In response to an in
qulry he refused to be interviewed, but
said that his previous impression that
Mr.. Hay would not be removed until the
expiration of the term was confirmed by
today'S interview. Mr.. Cutcheon will
leave Washington Monday afternoon
and get home the last of the week. He
regards his visit as satisfactory, and
expressed himself generally as having
accomplished all he had expected to
when he came here.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Thro ugh Train Service.

CHICAGO, Sept. %. -On next Monday
the Canadian Pacific will inaugurate
what it calls the 500 Pacific route. and
through train service will be established
from St. Paul and Minneapolis TO Brit
ISL Columbia and all other points on the
Pacific coast.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
HkLIJ ia BANK.

Work OF a PaIr of Robbers in
Carlton.
Special to the Globe.
CARLTON, Minn., Sept. 23.-Ahout
O'clock today bold robbery Was CONF
mitted by TWO men whu entered the
Carlton County bank and held up tile
assistant cashier, who was alone. The
men were dressed as wOudSmen. One
covered the cashier with gun and tie
other secured about $40 ID silver. but
overlooked Il large roll of bills in the
cash drawer, against which the cashier
was standing, / he robbers escaped TO
the woods. The sheriff and posse are
in pursuit
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
AIi-Year Tourist Sheet.

Chairman Caldwell has addressed
letter to the members of the Eastern
committee regarding the postponement
of the issuance OF the all-ycar tourist
sheet. He states that, all lines having
agreed thereto. the Issuance of 'the
sheet in question will be postponed un-
til about Nov. l, 1898.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Grave Robbery.
Special to the Globe.

Special 10 the GIObe.
MAZEPPA, Mlnn., Sept. ga case Of
grave robbery is reported today. The
body of child was buried by August
Gatze, butcher of this place, was found
missing from its grave this morning. 1t
was buried in lot belonging to d man
named Blake.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24

Last night Martin ID. Clark, living at
297 West Seventh street, reported to the
police that his horse and buLgy, which
had been left standing On Wabasta.
near Seventh street, mad been driven
off. A description of the missing rig
was given The officers.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24

per night. The gas costs from 40 to 80
cents per night. and the mayor can un-
dOubtedly make quite saving for the
city if he will focus his intellect on
contract with the burglar alarm conI-
pany.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Sherwood Discharged.

YANKToN, S. D., Sept. 29.-After
preliminary hearing LOUIS s. Sherwood.
charged with the murder of Minnie
Sawyer, three weeks ago. was today dis
charged There is no clue to the mur-
der
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
The Most sfaanificent

Collection Of exclusive designs in all
wool and sink and wool fabrics for
gentiemen's wear ever shown at The
plymouth, corner Seventh ana
Robert,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
CAPI. j. -. WOOD

Secures His Former Position as
Postoffice InspectOr.
The hosts OF friends of the veteran
newspaper man, Capt. j. d. Wood, of
81. Paul, will be glad TO learn that lie
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
SENATORS WANT LIBERTY.
ONLY AVENUE BsTW -ER THE SENATE
and THE PEOPLE
NILL RE CLOSED sy o1oTURE.

Senators Turpe and Call Make
s;trnnS ~peeche. glinst the
CIoture Resoiution-f fhe Press
Declared to Ee Controlled by
the Great MoneyeI Interests
OF the Country.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1893-09-24
Engineer Arrested.

KANKAKEE, ILL.,, Sept. 23.-Thomas
Ames, the engineer OF the second sec
tion of the Inflated Big Four train in
the Manteno wreck. was arrested and
brought to this city today. Orville
Duncan, the brakeman of the first sec
tion, was arrested at Indianapolis, but
cannot be brought here without requi-
sition papers. Both men were arrested
on coroner's warrants and there seems
to be some doubt as to whether they
can be legally committed to jail, so the
sheriff will not receive them. Engineer
Ames is at liberty and prepared to give
bail as soon as he can secure hearing;
but the trouble seems to be to get a
hearing, as the coroner's warrants can,
not be returned to a justice.
A Woman Cess Twenty-Five Years
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Sept. 2S.-Mrs.
Louise Worthington was today sent
enced to twenty-five years in the state
penitentiary for the murder of Harry
Baddely.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1893-01-14
HE LAUGHED.
But 1t Came Very Near Breaking up a
Fond Engagement.

But 1t Came Very Near Breaking up a
Fond Engagement.
He was one OF Chicago young
real estate men. She was well known
in the North Side societys circ es.
They became acquainted at a ball
during the last winter season and
passed through the usual stages OF
acquaintance. friendship and the rest
OF it The first two stages were pass
ed in quick time. but the third promis-
ed to be lingering. and, perhaps last.
| ing
At the beginning OF the summer he
purchased safety bicycle. and when
he had mastered it to degree Joined
a wheeling club This move was not
! vie we'd by her with favor. inasmuch as
it kept him from her side quite often
during the evenings. She could not
ask him to give up riding. so she de-
| termiued TO get a wheel and thus be
able to accompany him. AS she is
an only daughter and her father is
''well tixed' she soon had her wheel.
The young man undertook to initiate
her into the mysteries of its manage
ment.
Several evenings were spent in the
lessons and she progressed splendilly.
One evening she insisted that she
could ride without assistance. He
had some doubts as to the question.
but she was determined and. OF
course. had her way He helped her
to mount and gave the wheel gentle
push as starter" Then he await
ed developments They came with
startling suddenness For few yards
all was plain sailing Then the front
wheel began TO 'wabbIe" ominously.
He ran after her but before he could
reach her the machine had .'bucked. .
There was startled scream, a fash
OF white ard black and the young
lady had aiighted. Not in the ap.
proved manner but she was OIL the
wheel
Then he laughed He couldn't
help it. perhaps but he made great
mistake. He discovered il when he
offered to help her arise. Scorning
his outstretched hand she scrambled
to her feet picked up her fallen
steed and trundled it away. He fol.
lowed with explanations and apollo.
gies. but they were received in con-
temptuous silence. That was some
time ago. For several weeks they
met as strangers
They were seen riding down La
Sale avenue together the last few
evenings. however so peace must
have been declared.
She rides fairly well now but should
she take q tumble he wouldn't laugh.
That last laugh cost him too many
days OF anxiety.
Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1893-01-14
Constructive sraANcea.
nta Courage gowvd ~tuE Mlae." thi
isa,tJ ~ -oathrFn wG.ransin.

tia Courage Cowrd ..IiiE Nike" tho
lsa,t5 ~ southern wIsronsin.
~ few years ago baliy knoWn Al
Big Mike was tho terror u Sou.hern
Wisconsin said Patrick Ufnrrcll V
the Globe Democrat romanccr 4iig
Aiiko was monarch 81 all ho surveyed.
and his rights there wgrc uUnc 10 dis.
putG Jaucsv!lle liclolt and Wauku.
sha were his iayoritc hauots Ito
was always spelling for u h2ht ard
as no stood six feet SIX and wa4 plt
up like q Hercules nobody cared 81
accommodate him and like Arkansas
in Mark TWAIN 81 CrtruG tails 30
travelled chiefly on his bluffs add bal
looks
Ona night Mike was 10 Waakrsha
saloon kept ~ German with tho
patriotic name Of Yankce Mike was
huuRtg for trouble ITO insnlted
everybody prcssut. imposed on tho
bartender and made himself a
disugrccablc nuisance generally.
Presently tnll; gnunt consumpIiye-
looking chap driltsd In He locked
MS though good stliI breeze sOuld
blow him away. Ito louRgcd gp To
the bar aud in voice sweet and
deferential rs TINT OF bashiul school
girl called for brandy and soda Mike
swaggcred up 20 him and announced
his Intention 10 drink az the strangers
expense. The latter paid no attention
to him swallowed his IRE. water sud
turned away. Mike geame abusive.
He followed him about tho room
cursing him ana making pugilislic de.
moustrHiiUHa
Finally the eonsump,ivc looking
stranger turned AMI swcesly said Ny
Christian friend you appear 70 30
ycaruing for thrushing. 10 kind
enough 10 give me your address and
! will sond you homo 20 your family
when ! get through with you. lilo
handed Mike note. book and care.
fully removed his coat Tho cool au-
dacity Of the stranger pnrniyled Mike.
lie tried 70 craWish but the stranger
wouldn't have IL. I've heard OF you
Tor two years past and came 70
Wduknsha especially TO whip the in-
noconco out Of you he snid. and
right here wo mix.' But they didn't
Mike made "a break for the door and
has not been seen in Waukosha since
II was a beautiful bluff. Tho thin
stranger could not have hurt him Win
hammer Ho died two weeks later
OF consumption.