davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-06-10
G%TRK
Turkish Towels.

appliances. that hays been Taught M by the
Iurks. q thsm aii,, tho TowsI Il tho most
important. hut in these swift passing days
changes come quickly. and now thero aPs more
= urki,h Towels inside In one IL our manufacture
iny cltics than Ia al Turkey. England and
scotland took tho art from Asia Minor. and In
turn u comos to M. This turn IL 80 complete
that Turkish Towels 10 from tho United tatss
y ENGLAND and Canada. and many points In
Eeuth Amsrioa.
Ws win place nm sale Monday. June 8 for ono
woek 100 dozen Of thsss celebrated Skin Awake
uera, bjze 20x42 for only
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
Light Shoes For Horses.

Light horses Of 1000 pounds weight,
with well shaped upright feet, should
have fore shoes weighing about one
pound each and the hind ones II ounces.
according to The American Agriculturist,
which makes the following computation
If four ounces are added to each shoe,
let us see what a difference it will make.
In blowing, cultivating and many other
farm operations horse will walk from
10 TO 20 miles a day and advances about
four feet at step. At each step the
horse lifts half a pound extra on its two
feet, or CSC pounds in every mile. In Il
days work of Is miles the horse woul6
life $500 pounds extra. or nearly five
tons. If the force required to lift this
five tons of iron could be expended in the
work the horse is doing, much more
could be accomplished. In the light of
these facts is it any wonder that when
young horses begin to wear shoes they
soon become leg weary, have their step
shortened and acquire slow walking
gait?
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
A----------.a- -
TILE LAID on IMPERFECT GRADES.

TILE LAID On lAfEEtECI GRADES.
tirely filled with silt and cease to be of
any use, as shown in Fig. 1 above.
However great the care taken in laying
tile, there are liable to be slight inequali-
ties. These should, however, be reduced
to the minimum. Where there are not
more than 2 inches fall in 100 feet,
and where we have nothing better than
the eye to determine it, it is very easy to
go from 3 to 3 inches below the true
grade line without discovering it. This
would cause n three inch tile to be stran-
gulated, and hence useless. If tile are
properly laid on grade of an inch to
100 feet, it will be sufficient in most
soils. Such grade is over feet to the
mile, which is greater than the fall in
many of our rivers. By placing tile
in ON as perfect grade as possible
it need not be so large as otherwise
needed. The cost of the tile depends on
the size. Thus, 8 inch about IS cents
per rod; inch, % cents per rod; 5
inch, 81 cents per rod; inch. so cents
per rod; Z inch. 20 cents per rod inch,
80 cents per rod; 10 inch, $1.20 per rod.
Now, if three inch tile, properly laid,
could be used where six inch tile must
be used under the other methods, then
it would be much the cheaper to lay the
tile ON perfect grade.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH
corner Burke street and Maple avenue,
Rev. William II. Chapman, ID. D., Pas
tor. Sunday School, ga. M; preaching,
IL a. m. and s p. M, except during the
summer the evening meeting will be
song and praise service; prayer meeting
Wednesday at z As y. IN.
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH-West King
Street. Services every Sabbath: Sun
day school 9 30, young mems prayer
meeting 1890. and preaching 100 a m.
Young peoples UNION 600, and preach
ing $50 p. m. Prayer meeting every
Wednesday evening at S O'Clock. Rev.
Jno. w. Hundley, Pastor; F. S. Emmett
Superintendent of Sunday School.
TRINITY NJ. E. CHURCH, SOUTHWEST
Martin street. Preaching, ! a. IN. and
Sp. M; Sunday school, 9.l5 a. m. class,
3p. M; weekly prayer service, Wednes-
day s p. M: official meeting on Monday
after third Sunday, 5 p. m. Seats free.
Rev. A. NJ. Cackley, Pastor.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-South Queen
street. Sabbath School, 0 80 a. m. /;
preaching. IL a, m. and p. M; prayer
meeting. Wednesday p. M; monthly
concert of prayer for missions, first
Wednesday evening of each month;
communion, first Sabbath of September,
December, March. and June. Rev. F.
NJ. Woods, d. D., Pastor.
u. B. CHURcH-Pennsylva Ave
nue.. Preaching, II a. IN. and p. M:
Sunday school, $50 a. m; class, $50 p,
m. weekly prayer service, Wednesday
s p. M; Friday p. m, cottage prayer
,oaptinu I II Chan bp Rim Pastor
ST. JOINS EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN
CHURCH-Corner Martin and Queen
streets. Services, Sunday, 4 a. m. and
$50 p. M: Sunday school, 0 30 a. m.
Prayer meeting, Wednesday, s p. M;
teachers association meeting, Thursday
Sp. m. Seats free. All welcome. Chas.
S, Trump, Pastor.
Parsonage-WestM Martin street.
ST. JOSEPH S CATHOLIC CHURCH-First
Mass, 7.30 a. m. Sunday school. 9 30 a.
M; high mass AMI sermon. 10 30 a. m. :;
vespers and benediction. s p. IN.
THE REFORMED CHURCH-East Burke
street. Rev. J. A. Hofheins. d. D.. Pas
tor. Services on Sunday, II o clock Il.
m. and g. 80 p. m. ; Wednesday evening
service at 7.30 o'clock. Monthly mis-
sionary service first Wednesday of the
month at Z 80 clock.
FREE BAPTIST CHURCH-Raleigh
street. Preaching, / a. m. and p. H..
Sunday school, 2 p. M; class, 3 p. M;
weekly prayer services at s p. M. con
ference meeting Friday. s p, M; official
meeting on the second Monday in the
month. All are welcome. Rev. b. w.
Kirk, Pastor.
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH
(Colored) West Martin street. Serv-
ices every Sunday: Sunday school, 9 30
n. M; preaching, II a. M; Sunday
school, 9 p. M; class, p. m; preaching
s 10 p. M; the young peoples meeting
every Tuesday night. s 80 p. M: prayer
meeting Wednesday night at 8 80. Rev.
A. II. Tilghman. Pastor
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

The WyandOtte and the Indian Game.
1t has appeared to me for the past two
or three seasons, says a writer i'll The
Fanciers' Journal, that the Wyandotte
and the Indian Game are the two breeds
which the supporters of the all around
fowl of the future will have to look to
for assistance in the course of their
breeding operations, and certainly no
finer table birds than the latter can be
found in this part of the world. Crossed
with Dorkings or grade Dorkings they
grow to an immense size, as we all know,
while the quality and toothsomeness of
their flesh are unexcelled. 1t somehow,
however, appears that many of our
judges of dead or table poultry are dis
posed to ignore the great property of the
delicacy of the meat in the birds before
them and are more largely influenced by
mere depth OF keels and breadth Of
breasts than might be expected or is de-
sirable. The appearance of the Dork-
ing's fifth toe seems to exercise an ire
sistible fascination over some of them.
and speaking seriously honestly believe
that, however excellent in al table prop
critics other competitors might be that
come before them, we have one or two
judges who would pass them over in IA
vor of a bird possessed of this superhu-
Gus excreSccnce.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

Select damp. cloudy weather for trans
planting eTergreens.
Give gladiolus proper support.
Layering of roses and shrubs is in or
der.
Sow seeds of perennials, such as pan
sy, hollyhock, delphinium, dianthus,
aquilegia, canterbury bells, digitalis,
lychnis, nyosotis, perennial poppy, To-
bella cardinals, antirrhinum and others.
If one does not mind q little tough
pulp and a somewhat foxy aroma, he
should not be without the Pocklington
grape.
The riEinas are dwarf evergreen
shrubs, much admired for their small,
bright scarlet berries.
The so called black Gala is of deep,
velyety purplish maroon, almost black
on the upper side and moss green under
meath. From the center of the flower
springs long spike of a glossy black
| hue.
To propagate rubber trees American
Gardening directs as follows: Cut off a
foot of the top and as much of any
branches and put the slips in spagnum
moss in a moist. warm place, with an
abundance of bottom heat.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
DIRECTORY.
BERKELEY COUNTY.

CIRCUIT COURT. Judge, Thirteenth
Judicial Circuit, Il. Boyd Faulkner;
Clerk, VIM. b. Colston; Prosecuting
Attorney, u s. G. Pltzer; Sheriff, Louis
G. Gerling, Deputy Sheriifs, Robt. Gold,
Elijah w. Van Metre, Alex. Clohan:
Deputy Sheriff and Jailer, Alexander
Elliott.
Terms Of the Court commence on the
second Tuesday in January, April, and
September.
COUNTY CoURT.--President. G. p. Ri
ner; Commissioners. II. j. Seibert and
and r. L. Thomas; Clerk, c. w. Doll.
Terms commence. first Monday in
March, June, September and December.
Commissioners of Accounts. John I
Picking, Adrian c. Nadenbousch. l..
Dew. Gerhardt; Surveyor of Land. l.
w. Woods; Assessor. First District. c.
J.. Nicely; Assessor, Second District
James A. Gageby; General Receiver.
Henry j. Seibert. Coroner. VIM. Mckee;
Sealer of Weights and Measures, w. H.
Lamon; Steward of Almshouse, Thos.
Wolford.
Local Board of Health. E. L. Hoff-
man, John L. Williamson, DIR. S. N.
Myers, the President of County Court,
and Prosecuting Attorney.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
Thrashing Wheat In the Field.

Thrashing wheat out of the field is q
favorite method in all extensive grain
growing regions. There are several OBJ
jections to this way of handling wheat,
but its advantages are also great. If the
season be showery, some damp wheat
will be thrashed, as one can hardly help
it. A damp butt will dampen the grain,
and when the weather permits one should
turn the shocks over before beginning to
haul, letting the butts lie toward the
sun. A heavy dew is as bad as light
shower on the shocks. If one does not
grow wheat very extensively, it is far
better to stack or NOW it away, letting
it go through sweat, as this brightens
the grain, makes storage safe and per-
mits one to put the straw near the barn.
This last mentioned advantage is impor-
tant, as all straw should be converted
into manure when possible and returned
to the land, according to correspond
ent in The Prairie Farmer.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
sa O
kx y,
CULTIVATION OF THE RASPBERRY.


The Notable Change introduced Into the
Genersl Management Of This Plant.
The only pruning formerly given to
the raspberry plant was confined to cut
ting out the old stems which had fruited,
thinning out the young stems which
were to produce the new crop and short
cning them by cutting off their tops.
These would then be fastened to stake
CT some similar support, and this COM
pleted the pruning for the season. But
the more modern system Obviates the ne
cessity of Gny kind Of support, and the
plants are managed so that they are able
to support themselves when full Of fruit.
This is accomplished by allowing the
first years growth of newly set ont
plants to g1ow undisturbcd. The second
year tive Or more shoots will be pro-
duced, ana when these have reached to a
height Of about two feet their tops are
pinched OF so as to stop their further up
right growth. They will then proceed
to push out side shoots or laterals on all
sides, balGncins and supporting them
selves veIy offectually and appearing like
small evenly headed trees.
When growth has been completed for
the season and the leaves have fallen,
these side shoots are pruned back so as
to leave them from y to f6 inches in
length, according to their strength This
pruning can be done quite rapidly with
pruning shears. At the same time, if
not before, all the old stems or canes
which hare fruited are also removed, but
many culti7ators prefer to remove these
old stems ilnmediately after the fruit has
been gath7red, claiming that by sodoing
the young canes have greater freedom of
grow III; also that by promptly remov-
ing the old canes many kinds of insects
which lodge in the old wood and have
cocoons and nests upon it are thus de-
stroycd b burning all the prunings as
they are collected.
This systeia is continued annually. No
greater nGmber of young shoots than is
required are allowed to grow, all others
being destroyed as they reach few
inches in height. The summer topping
is attended to as previously stated. AS
excellent Authority as Mr.. William Saun-
ders of t!30 United States department Of
agriculture says that the result of this
routine treatment is self supporting
plant AM IN improved fruit.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
Wy EsTERN MARYLAND RAILROAD
Seized ule of June IS. 1893.

Trains leave Cherry Run 8 IS and II So
a. M. Williamsport 06 and 12 40, arrive
at Hagerstown 9 20 and 12 40. Leave
Hsgerstown Z OF a. m. and so D. M, ar
rive at Highfeld I SO and g As. arrive at
Baltimore at 10 40 a. m. and Q 10 D. m. i,
connecting for Washington, PLiladel-
phia and New York.
Leave Baltimore. 80, 8 a. M. and 90
p. M. arrive at Hsgerstown at sos a. m.
~ 15and s 03 M, and at Cherry Run
at 8 AZ a. M. 40 and z 05 y. m. Con 4.
meet on Is. & o. East and West: con-
meet at Highfeld for Gettysburg and
Hanover and over the main line for
Emmittsburg, Westminster and all
stations.
Train arriving at Cherry Run z 05 p.
m. runs through to Hancock, arriving
0 Is p. m. and leaves Hancock 20 IN. m.
arriving Cherry Ron 8 IS a. m. Addi-
tioDal train leaves Cherry Run at 8 i0p.
M, arriving at Hagerstown IS p. m.
stopping at informed late stations. LEAVE
Bruceville for Frederick at 8 0J and 10 32
a. M. and "a p. m. Leave Bruceville
for Taneytown. Littlestown. York,
Wrightsville and Columbia at Q So "a. m.
and 8 As p. m.
p. & K. r. Trains leave Shippensburg
at 6 OF and 10 80 a. M. and 3 SO .. IN !.
and arrive at Shippensburga at 8 81 a. m,
! II and 300 p. IN, daily, except Sunday
j.. VI. HOOD. Pres.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

asARMN CARDEN
LAYING TILE DRAINS.


How Water Gets Into the Tiie-Size Of
Tile and Distance Apart.
The novice is interested to know
President j. NJ. Bloss of the Ontario
State college, in an address before
the Marion County Horticultural soci-
ETY., said: 1t rises up on the under side
between the ends of the tile. 1t could
only go down through the top of the tile
while the whole tile is covered with
water. The water all goes into the tiles
at the ends of the sections. 1t does not
soak through the body Of the tile.
Avoid the agent who wants to sell you
porous tile. You don't want that kind
of tile. The harder it is burned the bet
ter
In reply to the query how close must
the tile be placed, President Bloss said:
| There is no rule that can be followed.
In clayey ground the tile must be
closer, say from 16 to 90 feet, while
In certain loans equally good drain
age may be secured at 40 to so feet
apart. The next question which may
arise is the size of the tile to be used.
| This depends first ON the method used in
laying the tile and second on the fall or
grade. First, if the tile is laid by guess
or by water level, or rather by obsery-
ing the flow of the water in the ditch,
then you had better use a six inch tile
where q three inch tile would be album
dant on perfect grade, because the grade
line will have many inequalities in it,
and you must make an allowance for the
parts below grade to be filed up with
silt. If these inequalities, upand down,
be less than inches, then some water
will continue to flow from six inch tile,
as in Fig. ?. Figs. ! and 2 represent
tile laid on an imperfect grade. The
dark portion represents the silt which
has collected in points below the grade
line; the light, that part not filled. In
Fig. / the tile is cholled with silt and is
useless. In Fig. . the tile is partly filled
at C, F and G, and its capacity has been
limited to that of the narrowest point,
as at f.
The probabilities are that the inequali-
ties will be more than inches, and that
tile SO laid will in few years be en-
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
CUMBERLAND VALLEY r. r.
In effect Sept. 10, 1898.
DOWN TRAINS.

No. 4. Mail leaves Winchester 0 So a.
M, Martinsburg "a, Hagerstown 8 20
Chambersburg 90, Carlisle So, arrive
at Harrisburg 10 80, Phila. / 25, BALTIC,
8 10, N. Y. 4 90, p m.
No. s. Leaves Winchester 9 80, Mar
tinsburg 5 20. Hagerstown at 4 i0p.
M, Chambersburg 8 05. Carlisle6 IL. ar.
Harrisburg Z 05, Phil. 10 So, BALTIC. 10 40,
n. Y. 8 80.
No. 10. Mail, leaves Winchester 4 90,
p. M, Martinsburg 90, Chambersburg
9 20. Carlisle 10 36, ar. Harrisburg II 80
Phila. a 80, Baltimore 0 90. N. Y. 80.
UP TRAINS.
No. /. Leaves Harrisburg 40 a. m,
Carlisle 80, Chambersburg 0 3S a. m. /,
Hagerstown 25.
No. 93, leaves Hagerstown at 8 90 a m.
Martinsburg 8 20. az. Winchester II 90.
No. 3. Leaves Harrisburg 2 SO a. m.
arrive Hagerstown 10 "a. Martinsburg
IL l2, Winchester 12 90 p. m.
No. ., Leaves Harrisburg at f2 40 p.
m. ar. Hagerstown 8 25.
No. Z, Leaves Harrisburg 3 40 d. M.
ar. atHagerstown O 10, Martlnsburg Z OF.
Winchester at 2 so.
Additional trains between arrisburg,
Carlisle and Chambersburg. Connec-
tions for all trains on Mount Alto and
P. r. system. ]. +. BOYD.
w. A. GUARD, Supt.
Agent.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
IN THE APIARY.
Krs. Harrison's illustrated Description OF
Bee Escape.

Krs. Harrison's illustrated Description OF
Bee Escape.
Mrs. Harrison, whose success in bee
keeping entities her remarks to consider
alton, says i'll q communication to The
Prairie Farmer that the trade in honey
now demands that it shall be stored in
one pound sections of the smoothest and
whitest wood and that the honeycomb
shall be of snowy whiteness and free
from any discolorations. In order to
preserve its pristine loneliness it should
be removed from the bees as soon as
sealed to keep it from being travel
stained, as they frequent muddy pools
and are not always careful to wipo their
feet. Bee culture for several seasons has
been under q cloud, owing to low prices
for the product and poor seasons, and
beekeepers have sought out many inven-
tons to cheaper its production and have
given to Us the bee escape.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
A BEE ESCAPE.

The idea of a bee escape was born in
the shape of little cone, through which
bees could pass, but not return. Time
has metamorphosedi it into various forms.
In England they are called superclean-
ers. A board is made of the size to OK
actly fit case of sections, with round
hole about an inch in diameter, and the
escape fits over it. When it is desired to
remove the bees from case of sections,
it is raised up, the escape placed under
meath. If this is performed in the even
ing, the bees will all have gone below by
morning. BY removing bees from the
sections in this way no smoke has to be
used to discolor the white honey or give
it smoke favor. The bees leave quiet
ly without tearing open the sealed cells
and are not irritated and on the warpath
for days after its arrival.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

Is it generally known among amateurs
that the common garden larkspur can be
made to give d second crop of blossoms
by simply cutting down The whole plant
as soon as The first seed vessels appear:
| found this out by accident myself; also
that the hoya roots readily and quickly in
water instead of earth or turf, writes a
correspondent of American Gardening.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
SEE THE
NEW STOCK
OF
FINE WATCHES,
CLOCKS,
AND JEWELRY.
All Watch and Clock Repairing
Warranted.
'"NH THE
II 7 DE, JBwELER,
As QUEEN STREET
Hall Rate Excursions to the World 5
Fair.

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co.
will run a series of special excursions to
the Worlds Fair for which excursion
tickets to Chicago will be sold at rate of
one fair for the round trip from Balti-
more and all stations west of there as far
as the Ohio River. The dates selected
are August 30, September !, -, and 81.
The special trains will consist of first
class day coaches, equipped with lava
tories and other toilet convenience. and
an experienced Tourist Agent and a
train porter will accompany each train,
to look after the comfort of passengers.
Stops for meals will be made at meal
stations en- route The tickets will be
valid for the outward journey on the
special trains only, excepting that from
way points they will be honored on local
trains TO nearest station at which the
special trains are scheduled to stop.
They viii be valid for return journey in
day coaches on all trains leaving Chicago
within ten days, including date of sale
Following is schedule of the special
trains and rates from principal stations
| in this vicinity
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

Aside irom the singular interest con-
nected with its deeply cut and pendu-
lous flowers, it IS particularly handsome
when in fruit, the berries being borne in
long clusters. It is proper to add, says
Meehan in his Illustrated Monthly, that
the flowers are dlpcius, and those who
buy plants have chance of getting q
form with sterile flowers, from which OF
course nc fruit results. Those who get
the most satisfactory results from the
fruit plant several in one large clump
together. It is said that occasionally
plants bear these beautiful clusters of
purple fruit when entirely by themselves
"a long way from any neighbor-and
this would indicate that occasionally the
plant is hormaphrodite. Although this
is reported to be sometimes the case, Mr..
Meehan has never seen an instance.
Barry calls the fringe "a superb lawn
tree"
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

A good barn will aid you in increasing
the profit from the farm. We are now
coming toward good time Of the year
for building. But before you begin make
a thorough study CT plans. Modern barns
are built differently from the sort that
was in favor 80 years ago, and they serve
the present needs better. One item in
building is to do it SO that you may feed
with the least possible labor.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
Attention Ladies.

Have you seen the new style engage
ment rings at w. L. Jones' Jewelry
store? You should send your best fell
low for one. They are the best thing
made for the purpose. Peoples Natl
Bank Building.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16
TO BE CONTINUED.
Improving Strawberry Beds.

Many varieties of strawberries are like
to become too crowded in tho rows the
second season and consequently give
only small. inferior berries A remedy for
this. according to Rural New Yorker
correspondent, is with II sharp hoe. AS
soon as the first crop is off. cut a strip
about o inches wide out Of the center
of each row. This gives us two narrow
rows instead of one wide one. Keep this
narrow strip clear of runners like tho
walk, and you will be surprised at the
nice lot of berries on the inside edges OF
these rows the next season. These strips
being very narrow, of course no piclzers
are allowed to walk in them, and thus
no berries will be stepped on
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

In the cut here reproduced from The
Farm Journal is homemade drag de-
visei and successfully employed by a
South Dakota farmer, who found him
self in possession of so acres of tough sod
but without the means for buying an ex-
pensive drag
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

While women have shown their ability
equally with men to receive the higher
education, they have not as yet demon
strated their ability to make as much out
of that education financially as men do.
Women are behind men in respect to the
development of financial ability. This
is needed fully as much as a higher ed
ucation. The evolution of the talent for
money making-honest and honorable
money making-is something TO which
present day working women need to
bend all their energies, so that in years
to come they may be pecuniarily indie
pendent.
Martinsburg herald. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1881-1920, 1893-09-16

Chionauthus virginia., or, as it is more
Familiarity known, fringe tree, is small
native tree or shrub with large glossy
leaves ana dropping racemes of pure
white flowers, having narrow fringelike
petals.