The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1893-03-02

chine cut an acre of oats in % minutes. which re-
auired &C minutes of the English machine. and az
minutes of the French. By increasing the efii-
cheney of the harvester 2)-fold land twice that by
the se!-bindersl these great inventions have been
| second only to the railroads in developing the
| great West.
| The largest machine in use there employs but
four men, costing So day for wages; aud yet this
| machine weighs eight tons, and, pushed by o0
mules, cuts swath % feet wide and Is miles long
| in a day-over eight acres-yielding from IS to 90
tons of wheat cut threshed, cleaned and deposited
| into 200 sacks, ready for shipment. These ma.
| chimes will be among the World Fair wonders
S. Among the mutifarious agricultural inven-
tons Of high Importance are the stump and stone
| extractors, ditching- machines. fencing devices,
ground breakers, harrows. seeders, planters, Guilt
vators horse-rakes. hay-loaders and tcdder, corn
hnskers and SHELTERS potato and rock diggers, and
| abor-saving devices without number.
By machine planters and seeders the farmers
| work is made five times more efficient; by cuiti-
vators To- by potato-diggers. 90 by narrowing, 30:
moving and harvesting p to SO; corn huskers
and Shelters 100. The latest cotton harvester, en-
poying two men and team, does the work of 40
| hand pickers.
All these useful Inventions which require brains
] TO operate, have improved the farmers condition.
social and Industrial shortened his hours of toll.
! increased his gains, and developed his mental
powers by giving scope to his energies as an eco
nomic factor of the great Republic. The advance
| along the lines of progress in National develop
ment will be better understood when you have
these agricultural MAN. helpers at the Worlds
| Fair.
MECHANICAL INVENTIONS.
/. The triumph of the American Revolution
| brought industrial freedom and inventions multi
piled rapidly. The improvements in four-millng
were the most marked. led by Oliver Evans The
! gradual grade from coarse black bread, made
from grains. husk and all, 10 the fine. aaky pro.
ducts of Minnesota mills. marks rapid change in
the wheels of social and material progress, well.
| The mills of America and Europe were revolu-
| tioniZed by Oliver Evans's devices for handling
and milling grain. Evans experimenter
with steam early as l7GS and but for series of
dspappointments, over which he had control,
he would have secured for himself the fame since
awarded TO Fulton.
2. nail machine, patented in 1875, by Jacob
Perkins, Displaced the hand industry of
America and Europe, and proved one of the great
blessings of the world. Scarcely less important
| was the Blanchard lathe. of 1919, of inesimable
| importance as n labor-saving tool.
! 8. In 1887 William Compton invented auto
matte loom for fancy weaving, first used at Law
| renee. Mass, and now used throughout the world
for the manufacture of fancy cassmeres ginghams,
shawls, and other figured fabrics
4. An epoch marking industry was the invention
of the Bigelow carpet loom. The problem of
weaving figured carpets by power had been given
! up as impossible when the Bigelow loom pro-
| jeeted; the bulk of the worlds carpets are now
| woven upon it. The LyaIi loom, another great
American invention has done wonders for the tex
tile arts. These two inventions. by reducing the
cost of manufacturers has placed carpets and
| other choice textile fabrics in every home in the
| land.
5. The invention of the sewing machine, like all
great Inventions was the result Of long expert
| ment. About the beginning of this century Rev.
John A. Dodge. of Monkton, VT, and John
Knowles, clever mechanic. invented a machine
for sewing backstitch with double pointed needle,
but il failed commercially.
The first working machines made and sold
by Walter Hunt, of New York, in 1921; an in
veniion developed by Howe, Singer. Wilson, and
others. Between 1856 and 1877 over 100000 ma
| chimes were sold in the United States.
1t is estimated that the factory machines alone
! in use in this country give employment TO 10000
| 600 persons. mostly women. The perfection to
| which the sewing machine has been brought for
artistic needlework and ornamental embroideries
| will be seen at the Worlds Fair.
woRLD-FAMoUs INVENTIONS
l. The American Lighthouse System, with its
| ife-savng appliances and machinery for prevent
Ing collisions at sea, service, ana It's
| hibts will be part Of the Government display at
| the Worlds Fair
| 9. The castiron kitchen stove is American
! convenience. The family stove, first essayed by
! Benjamin franklin in l745 the first ROOM
warming stove, and though by hand
some, IL has not been exceed simple heater.
! Rumford soon followed with primitive cooking
| stove. Jordan L. Mott invented the sef-feeding
anthracite stove i'm 1885. and about the same time
Dr. Mott. President of Union College. greatly per-
| fecied the baseburning stove.
We have now petroleum stoves, gas stoves. cleo
| trio stoves and stoves of every size. shape and
| style, all to be at the great Worlds Fair.
3. The wonderful inventions in steam and elec.
tricity, steam engines. elegrapls. telephones cleo
| trio cars and engines, street-Shting appliances,
| and so on, the very names of which suggest such
| immortal spirits Fulton, Franklin, Field. Edi-
son. Bell, and on. their origin and develop
ment to American genius and American pluck and
| skill.
Through tfeir agencies the world has been revo.
! lutionized. space and time annhnted, and the
kingdom of universal brotherhood advanced
throughout the earth. Specimens of the crude in
yentons OF dawnipg progress will be seen at the
/ Worlds Fair, conirasted with the marvellous re.
suits OF the century of applied sciences.
NINTH PRIZE PAPER.
]. What does the Worlds Fair at Chicago cele-
|
2. In what great lines of progress does the United
| States lead:
| 3. What American inventions to be found there
| have benefited the whole world?
| ]. The Wosld's Fair ut Chicago celebrates the
400h anniversary of the discovery Of the Western
| World by Christopher Columbus.
Columbus sailed westward from Genoa Italy
hoping to find short passage TO india and when
lie had discovered AN island of the Western World
lie thought he had been successful. Columbus was
| man 81 practical views, who believed that the
world round aud could be crcun na vigated.
| There were but few people Of the age in which he
| lived who believed this.
Not only will the Worlds Fair CONNIE morate
these historical facts but 1t will to immor-
| talize the wisdom OF the Queen of Spain for fur
nishing ships for the great undertaking. Queen
| Isabella viii ever be remembered who
deserves large share of the honor OF he discovery.
| At the great Exposition will he representations
of the ships of Columbus. and many relics OF the
| great discnvercr aud the people OF his time.
2 The United States has always been a leader i'm
almost every line of progress The most import
Inventions most worthy of notice those which
have brought under the control of man steam aud
| electricity.
When Robert Fulton sailed the fr.t Steamboat
on the Hudson, In 1907, IL marked greater line of
progression than had been known since the world
| began, and date far memorable than any
| battle fought earth.
| 3. Franklin's experiments with electricity by
| which he proved that lightning and electricity are
and the same. opened sources for long lines of
progression The telegraph, the telephone. the Al
lantic cable. electric cars and the phonograph are
| some OF the fruits of this invention.