The sun., 1893-07-09
NOTES uN SCIENCE AND INDusrRr

Experiments made by Lelebur OF Berlin
exhibit in q striking manner the effect Of
| picking and rusting on tho strength OF iron.
| In these experiments rails. ioists. and bars
| were subjected to various conditions. inClud.
| ing their state when dellvercd-aiter exposure
for purposes OF rustinG-zlnkod or galvanized
and tested at once. also galvanized and cx-
posed for timc-pickled In acid and imme.
tiatey tcstcd, also picklod and kopt for time
in dry place Tho picking was done with
sulphuric acid diluted with water in the pro.
fortransverse. tensile, and com pressive strains.
and under q falling weight. the Investigations
hcing mado on the enmc sample for each of
with wrought iron ioists showed substsntiaIIs
bSns
10 the patpersl eo1bditi9n. and tho lowest when
dlminution Of strength more apparent in tho
galvanized than those not galvanized. In tho
wn tne snnnd % o ysrS
In the picked and percoptible In the rustod
specimens,
most ingenious lathe attachment hos been
contrivcd. adanted to any lathe within Ger.
tain limit OF siEe and with which the lathe can
be turned into pipe threading machine In
few minutes and pipe OF any length threaded
very rapidly and correctly. The mechanism
consists OF n die-carrying hoad. attached to
tno Bplnule Uke CnuCk, hn auJuSthplc Bets
centring vise attached to the carriage and an
adjustable pipe rest affixed to the bed OF the
lathe to support long lengths OF pine. The
sss Is sf S ths dies BY ho
the carriage with the hand, or this can he don.
Ss ,ss "a. to * nsnf the s Sss. q
t. ss % to SS
Iae sef % PRRs es sH aess ass 2ads nS
from one size of pipe to another. SO that each
set OF dies will thread several sizes OF pipe
any make or sHs Of lathe no maehne work
necessary except on tho hanGe.
The claim has been made by Boston com.
pany OF producing the first successful machine
for electrically forging round shapes. The
machine. which Is designed and built for
rapid and accurate work. is rotary in all its
movements. and thus n time or power Is lost
In the return OF the dies to thcir working DO.
siion. Articles from one-half inch UP to six
inches long and from one-halt to an inch in
tho an IT,
carbon in order thpt they may be turned
be worked equally as we'll ss iron or soft
fully steel Of the highest Grade Of cfSH, crHcSs
down to tho open hearth and Bessemer: cop
BY this ronS % process @ @ ioo pereet handles are
capable OF being made in the time required to
make one by former methods. Anti-friction
In diameter. are likewise manufactured by this
forging process at . speed otherwise unap-
tween thu revolving dies. and for every revoIu-
tion Of the dies ball is. forged. or o concal
wss sape as
pin. DC. are produced.
Sou,a TIN a ~, A. .@.tar,.na ..s -,
publication that tests made with
timbers Of long-leaf pine. bled or unbled.
Tended to show that the timber thus bled or
tapped did not suffer in strength by the opera
lion OF tapping. 1t is now announced that
further tests and examinations prove without
question that the timber OF long e-leaf pine is
n no way affected BY the process of tapping
as is refers to
hat It might suffer in, durability is
lgalnst the use OF bled timb in construetion'
wherever the, unbled timber has beon con-
no In fact % TSs Sass fs for the
tatement relative to the mechanical proper
r e
p p thirty two trees Of this pine. blod and un-
sn tS o
he chemical composition take place, a series
( chemical analysis OF bled and un Dled tim
rise affected BY the bleeding
From inquiries into the character and af1lni-
les OF tho organic forms in past geological
Res. Prof. Edward Hill concludes that the
7aters OF the ocean must have been salt from
cry early geological times. but It by no means
olows that they were as fully saline as those
I the present day. There were two wars hs
links by which the saline character of tho
logcal time may be accounted Tor. Viz. by
lpp2sing that tho Drimeyal waters were gutu-
enson in the vaper SURE surrounding & e he II nsan- cans
e,scept e,.s globe. or that such sa!inity re-
%hsh fom salt alss m that
ny have boen formed From some
.use or other CHLORINE must have largely
ore chlorIdss,, and chlorine is very s sIights s
rom the example Of closed lakes the proces;
saiiniffation ii.,s can 1t Is asserted. he deter
th ts utmost oStFssnty that Is
kes have been receiving the waters OF rivers
,lnging down both mechanically Suspended
ties. and carbonates and, as tho sediments
err. ere @preeipitated pres oyer tho bottoms OF the
mosphere in the, form, OF vapor as far as it
tered. LETT behind the dissolved ingredients.
Sntefs o bs SFss In
turatod with the salts and carbonates.
There has latoiy been constructed at one Of
o Massachusetts establishments for manu-
cturing machlnists tools. drills, and general
on-working machinery, massive radinl
Ill OF immense proportions. pronounced to
the largest OF its Kind in tho United States.
IS operations on so vast scale. The radia
III weighs somo thirty thousand pounds.
sixteen feet from top TO base and
q radial arm eight and one half feet long.
means OF this powerful mechanism a hols
nches In dil neter can bo bored. and drill
10 to the centre Of a circle 10 feet in diane
:. and; though the machine IL designed for
complishing the heaviest description oiwork.
10 50 STEnnstruoted Tn that one man can oror
dial arm. and the head is moved by a spiral
hring with quick and easy motion. The
ton different kinds of speed
now kind OF carbon is described and OK
bits some peculiar properties. chemically
nsidered. When piece OF porcelain-such
cruoible or crucible coyar-is hented I'm a