The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1893-02-25
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

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I'm 1870 there were 40 establishments
in the United States for the manufac-
ture of sewing machines, employing a
capital of about Ss,00O,OO0. The total
annual product of the sewing machine
business in the United States in 1890
was probably not loss in value than
$50, 900, OO0
There are two fixed rules for pro.
portioning the human form; just two.
They are that eight heads Chat is, skuH
lengths) make the total height of tho
figure and that the invariable center Of
the total length of the whole figure
should be the front termination of the
lowest part of the pelvis.
Australia is entering into strong
competition with France in the produc.
ton of brandy In 1892 the colony OF
Victoria exported to the United King.
dom 53,O4O proof gallons. 1t is said
Australia can produce brandy that will ]
stand comparison with the finest French
cognac All the indications are of a
very encouraging character, and the
area planted with vineyards is very
largely increasing.
During the year 1892, 1895 vessels
arrived at the port of New York. In
this number are included only steamers,
ships, barlis, briggs and schooners. Of
this total S,7O5 were coastwise vessels.
Of the remaining, 5,3S3 vessels were
from foreign ports. Great Britain heads
the list with 2,G3S; America comes next
with a total of 1,22S, and Germany is
third on the list with SOL. In 1891 the
number of vessels of this class was H.
Railway Review.
The power of cold to preserve ami
NAL tissues from actual decay is indefi-
mite, perhaps infinite, but it cannot
prevent all change. A turkey that was
kept in refrigerator for ten years was
free from putrefactive changes. but also
free from favor-practically tasteless.
Flavor is an evanescent quality of or
ganic tissues that cannot be in any
manner surely bottled up and preserved
for any great length of time.
Over hundred specimens of deep
sea fishes have been secured off the
California coast For the most part
they are dark colored, soft bodied, and
many of them are covered with phos-
phorescent spots which act as portable
lamps, whereby the fish are able to see
in the dark depths of the ocean. These
fish live in the open sea, at a depth of
two to five miles, and their soft bodies
at this depth are rendered firm by the
tremendous pressure of the surround
ing waters.
Reports to Bradstreet's from one
hundred and thirty-five railway COM
panies furnish an aggregate of $685.
O25,0O0 gross earnings in 1892, about A..
per cent more than their total gross
earnings in 1891, when their gain as
compared with 1890 was 9.G per cent.
Granger roads report relatively the larg-
est increase in 1892 (12 per cent. East
ern railroads and the Southwesterns
following with gains of z and per
cent respectively. Southern railroads
their gross earnings last year
over 1891 by SO per cent, and Pacific
railways similarly, while Central West
erns gained 81 per cent and trunk
lines only ~ per cent.
The general showing in regard to
sidered to be very salts. actory. The
total yield for the seventy-six depart
ments in which wine is made is esti-
mated at 654, 34S, ,O15 gallons. This is a
decrease of some 5,0O0 900 as compared
with '01, and yet some 80, 900 more acres
were planted in vines 1t is, however,
an increase over the two years preced-
ing 1891, and is $4,000, 900 gallons above
the average of the past five years. But
theaverage has been decreasing steadily
since 1875, when the phylloxera in,
vaded French vineyards. In that year,
with 5,55O,OOO acres in vines, France
produced l, 800, 9OO 600 gallons.
The researches of many observers
as reported upon by DIR. Buchan; show
that the ocean currents cause the tenn
perature of the west side of the Allan
tic, at depths from 100 to 500 fathoms,
to be nearly 10 degrees warmer than at
the same depths on the east side. At
500 fathoms, however, the temperatures
of both sides are equal, while at greater
depths the east side is the warmer.
North of the Wyvil Thomson ridge,
which is between Shetland and Iceland,
temperature is reached al
700 fathoms, below which the water re,
mains at about 29.5 degrees. In the
Gulf of Mexico the water grows cold
down to 700 fathoms, below which it is
always at abont 25.5 degrees. The tenn.
perature of the Mediterranean at zoo
fathoms is about Sc degrees, and no
change is found in going to the bottom,
which in places reaches depth of !, 800
fathoms,