The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-01-29
xorss or sorrxcr AxD rsDUsrsr.

tempts started some years ago. particularly In
France. to manufacture silk from wood pulp.
and by methods. a. proposed by NJ. Chardon-
ner. similar in principle to that employed Tor
converting wood into paper. 1t Is well known
that, n few years ago. large works were built
at Besancon. and preparations for manufac.
turing silk In this way were projected and
carried out on a somewhat extensive scale the
result was that. though remarkably s~atisfac-
tory specimens Of elk made b.. tho .processin
aSsfs.S :" mens i"SSa could not efS Se woven VEN sae.
ctsslully in large. pieces, and that 1t was OF 30
n nis srsa man ddSanms @so'f IS o nss%ss ss , Il ss Z a faSri.
ties very thorough expertments have for some
. snIts THAT ei,ss the Sss eom mp%s5 nay Esyin aed tS w,f ihd Snsh r IN
chargn claim to be able t. furnish 2 su5stitnte
pected to. be put upon the market at about
one.half the cost Of the genuine article, dress
pieces. ribbons.. &c. being included In the
prospective goods.
In his recent work on mechanical and indus
trial progress OF late years. DR.. BENJAMIN
states that in no department have the i'm
provements and advances been productive OF
greater results than In that OF Agriculture.
This is seem. he declares. In the general
substitution Of iron and steel In nearly all
kinds OF farming machinery. which. with other
improvements. has increased Its effectiveness
and at the same time reduced its cost IRON n
Afforded. Of this in harvesting. machines, the
binder. having been perfected so that twine
ha as "'!d t%S a Vast !. stimulus 70 Tic grail, grow:
Ing Of the United y states so., where her ,,t the r hinder
X Az hnIsS'ea and a'' parts = / '0S of Africa. without
which Invention i. would have been impossi;
s els to h hss tSe bertha tas i 1886 %Sss also a. se a..
signed the general INTRODUCTION Of the Hun
garian system OF high milling, and. the eT.
in place OF bbuhr stones. thus revoiutionislne
tho flour industry. VI machinery ueed, In the
t tx mm ieaSst tmpcr sGS; s@ 81 sSs im Is ave dp ess.
syS5sSG is ssssdi Sii tfsS sD b ! j. j. S SiSSS 4sysi n
tions per minute.
A writer in the Opt,cian calls attention to .
fact not generally known. namely. that porce-
lain-such as au unglazed combustion tube
becomes saturated with hard carbon.on expos
ure. while at the temperature Of incandes-
ccnce. to n hydro carbon gas: other porous
anil refractory substances can be similarly
chrbonized. The electric resistance, how
ever. remains extremely high. In .mcst
etitically is. Of course. strongly r%esistiye to
oxidation. but would tend. presumably. to
s sIs :; and bin tSSethssT era ANY very PSrSSa as
might be appiied with advantage to. the cylin:
II the Durability OF the cylinders can thus be
increased without detrim ont In other respects.
would f be- gained: TIL Tie high eieetricsI resist
ance Is favorable. inasinuch as 1t I'm plies but q
slight Increase in the conductivity for heat Of
the carbonized material
Engineers are quite interested in a device
lately brought forward for sounding an alarm
Whenever a bearing gets hot. The arrange
ment consists OF a cup containing some mer-
curry. this cup being set in the bearing. and
- --. A. An -
%annunciator. one OF the wires leading from n
screw that can be set ut any desired distance
from the surface Of the mercury: this screw is
and the circuit competed through tho mer-
then backed any distance reGpired; Should
the bearing. Uecome heated. the mer-
f & tsuc sxsnP Phs . slss31T and &c thus s'rs sllInI vf 'ss
alarm. 1t Is proposed TO have one on each
bearing: the belief being expressed that.
no doubt can be entertained that it would save
ares f is y. n,t'I po n z snsn n, p ssftco q" m,iIs. whns:
Dust is likely to get into a bearing and cause 1t
to heat. thl: arrangement. IL is thought. may
serve u useful purpose.
The exhibition ofspecimons Of brass made BY
compression OF the constituents Of that metal
Is noted in q Belgium paper. One OF these
specimens is described rs OF a reddish color.
produced by compromising a mixture OF copper
and ono OF zinc-auother. pale yellow. by COM
pressing seven parts OF copper and three Of
%zinc-both specimens having boon filled up
twice and again consolidated by pressure: the
reddish metal was = little softer than common
cast brass. and could be somewhat fiat
and brittle. Both varieties contain
pears to be in an amorphous state. showing a
uniform: finely grammar character; without
istic OF copper zinc alloys obtained by fusion;
there We're also many angular fragments, Of
red copper. some otthem cracked and doubled
Jumps and strands. and finally some zinc. an
gular fragments and threads. trendinY out.
, Tasa cy ana apnasIns sD near ans coE Tss r metal Is
nearly hut not wholly compact; there Is also
much that gives syidence o. a few IN the gel.
to truly LIQUID state OF the alloy or one OF its
compoLents.
No less than twelve thousand traction en-
Gines. 1t Is stated. are at present In use In
England for hauling heavy freight. or for pas
srn!er service. or for steam p%loughinR. or as
roud rollers. and are built rs a rule in one Of
throe sizes. The smallest Is an engine weigh.
ing nine tons when fully equipped. and has
cylinders eight by ten inches In size: the
t naNs % %nd has " eytinser asn eight ant am" %si'0 'one,
these machines weighs. eleven apd one.
pounds OF coal in Its bnnkers and 1888 gallons
o. water In it's tank: its cylinders are - by IL
inches. and n load OF iorty tons can be pulled
up u grade Of ono in fifteen on II good hard
road. The most economical load for good
roads and moderate grades Is said to be about
twice the weight Of tho engine. under such
circumstances tho largest size requiring from
300 to 300 pounds OF coal In ten. hours. Single
mand for those on. the compound principle. 1t
Is believed. will take place before long.
new kind Of paint is announced which. II
Is claimed. possesses in n peculiar degree the
properties OF preserving motals from rust. and
is unaffected by either heat or cold. When
applied to sleet-iron 1t Is found that the GOAT
in: is not affected by warm water or steam.
nor is 1t at all influenced b. the action OF acid
aud alkaline liquids. ammonia gas. hydro
chloric acid gas. and sulphureted hydrogen
n silicnte o. iron which IL found in tina neiOh,