davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27

Minister Of War, has ron, Rnmaria Oh i eohn-
Dental mission TO Queen Natalie.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27

8 A. m-IIostnc Of co.orS and dressing OF naval neeO
shps in nics and bunting.
q +, information Of Gordon by pat steamers afouhu
naval review rcct
~ 40 a. m.-Prrs.dcnt Cleveland and Cabinet 90 oh
bo,ri OF Dolphin: and diplomatic officers, DuK" u'
vo,,gu, and p,rty members OF Congress ara ''oV-
crnor. OF states 90 board the MONMOUTH i'ak" anu
General Mcics The review Will then botin' at he
close Of which the final general sal"tc VIII d. "'e''
The Philadelphia will then 90 mp the river anu "'e
a xa,i,nal salute oapostc Giants tomb.
@ ., 40 H. n-Exhib!ton Of search lights on the war
ships ~ - A.,
@ IA .o o II m.-ENhbs'on Of night signalling on inc
ships of the naval Meet by the very ana Nruo'' H'
tens. ...o,
@ - m General Grants birthday anniversary banquet
Hotel Waldorf.
II y. m.-op,ning OF the naval hall at Modron square
Garden.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27

into lakes by ovcrnOwlng streams. and all tdih ~
putting I'm crop is ont OF the question. 10 HSht =
weather rp,rs indicate at least twcnty-iour hours
and rain.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27

In the bright sunshine Of yesterday thH sqna"-
ro, of tho nations. which had arrived in mist
and rain on the day before, swept mp TO t'r
1..;ano.od orchor,ccs IN the North River Two
long lines cf mighty ships OF war; '' "S '',
n,cshins Blake and Philadelphia. majestic ah'
slow. moved past the smoke-wrcathcd forts thAt
Numbered a greeting NJ th" Narows, over tn"
h,ich. waters Of the Upper Bay, and 20 up the
h.a,1 r,,bwav Of the snnlit river whose shores
,.oro cav with thousands of iias, and strcamcr,
d.,nc;nc in ,hc wind from masts and poles along
r,e way. The skies were blue" the water rlpp'd
,d,r tho fresh wind. which held out the flags
straight and iaunty. and festive TUGS and yachts
and steamers moved about IN bay ana flN"r'
Tl, oi,v and surrounding country poured out their
,hou.,rds 90 see the sight, and all the shores
were black with people.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27
SHIPS IN STATELY PARADE.
PASSING THE BOOMING FORTS.

A GATHERING PROCESSION OF FORrRESSES
MOVES Up WHERE HUDSON SAILED.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27

AMERICANS CONGRATJLATE MR.. GLADSTONE
London. April 2G.-Mr Gladstone has received many
tclcgrans from Am rican admrcr, congra ulallng MIN
upon the second reading Of the Home Rule bill.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27
OFFICERS AT A RECEPTION.
HOSPITALITY OF THE UNION LEAGUE.
HOUSE-THE GUESTS.

A BRILLIANT AssEMBLAGE At THE BIG CLUB
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-04-27
PROGRAMME FOR TO DAY.

SQUADRON OF NATIONS.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28
THE lwlSG FAILURE.


Tho failure Of MIR. Sam Ewing was
another of those unexpected lhings
which recent events have dev,lOlo b
and are as unweloome ~ unexpgrrei.
La this particular case II il unusually
trl Ing because great source Of incon.
veuienoe to large number Of people
~ wen ~ severe blow to the pro-
prietor; and, as has been spoken Of
before, the misfortune 70 not mendod
hut itB unwolcomo character rather
added 10 by the Information that the
assets are amplo-a long way ahead "
the liabilities.
MIR. Ewing has been here several
years, aud az butinesH man has
always occupied q place we'll 10 the
front. His personal integrity has
never been brought into question and
should not be- now because Of bcins
forced to the wall. The NEWS hopes
70 soon hear Of his having extricaird
himsof and the oxorllen, hostulry
which ne Old no much TO give a good
reputation being In prosperous work
ing order
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28

torale directly into - germicideo OF tue
fire, they should uso sJmu means OF
conveying tho spula to the germicide
or tho famua. II handkerchief or
clothes ere used, they should not be
sent to the lnundry, ~ human hnppl'
ness and life are joopardizud through
tho probability OF inlculaiioL
through abrnslons upou the hands'
These hacili shJuli never TO
allowed to Dry up and impresnate the
air, as is now done through Ignorance
Of possible result. Numerous expert
mcuta ny leading medical Authorities
have proved beyond doubt that con-
sumption Ia an inocuubiu disease, and
40 rapidly ~ The thrung Of converts
growing that the speaker would not be-
surprised n even iu bis day resorts
now soliciting ths patronage Of the
consumpt.ve Will DO quarnntiucd
agains. bin.
Utah t., we believe, o. nearly free
from this scourgo as any other part Of
the country; stiD, we do have u case
now and then anu tho suggcstious
contained In the foregoing may be
useful,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28
OUR PELICAN IN rRoOE

The famous pcliCGus Of Utah Lake,
known to every resident anu every
acientinc man w4o has given the
subject attention, receive brief notice
In au article by ST.. Adolio Posado On
the "Moral Responsibility OF Animals"
IN the June number Of La isgua
MdsrRa, published az Madrid,
Spain. The writer disputes the COR.
rectuess Of the prevalent idea that the
conception Of justice 10 confined 20 the
human race. He thiuEs tho question
OF right ana wrong 10 not settled duGn.
itely enough among os, aul Jhat
which pleases us individually we are
too apt to call JUST, The power we
WELD over tho lower orders Of ere,
alton IS 80 great tina, our right is only
rarely questioned, and there Is enough
srlhshEefa Ia our nature to prevent us
from acknowledging them unless they
are able to revenge themselves. al
this 10 aet forth and elaborated in an
excellent Translation oithcarlicle in the
Literary Digea Of July o. The whole
paper is interesting, ana the il'ustra-
tons drawn from animal lie In nn.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28

may gain something Tor sii the East
aud render our resort 10 homemade
"money" unnecessary. New Orleans
would gladly take our silver whether
in tho shape Of money or ingois or bars
and supply us In oAchango therefor
with everything We now order from
New York, AMI would De glad to
make such an arrangement That
city can settle he European BALANCES
with cotton and the cotton raisefs
will bu only too glad to take the silver
In return. By tais afmnremeui-n
mutual trading tysiom between two
sections ia commercial sympathy with
each oiher-lHe national metropolis
would be brought 10 terms quickly and
effectively. Stranger thing. have hap
penoi, and ia dire cmergsuo.ea, when
We are menac d by those who ought TO
Gid ne, we must uso such means as
are placed within our power and make
the situation us comfortable ior our.
selves a. possible.
The NEWS columns arc open for
others TO declare themselves Or show
rolsous u any they have why such
arrangement should not be carried out
and become a recognized system.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28
CONSUMPTION CONTAGIOUS.

Consumpti u l. one OF the most
dreaded o. All diseases because 1t Is IN
so many eases fatal sooner or later.
Ouco the luugs arc firmly in tue grasp
" the destroyer the downward Ioa II
Travelled and the bottom reached with
reasonable certainty and but slightly
varying celebrity. Il HAT not hitherto
boen regarded ~ cont g.ou., nut several
gentlemen prominent n the practice
nuds,udy OF medicine havs iat,lysl
declared 10 and they are obtaining now
recruits every day. A recent uumhcr
OF the Mdicaf record contains paper
by Dr, !. q. Hopkins OF rl.m mvilc,
Ga., m which hc raiu he hal jlinpI
the growing army spoken OL pllcing
tuberculosis m the category OF con.
ag.o,s anu his experience with thi.
ui-easo during ninu,eon years Of ir-
vts,iFaliou iu phomasyil,u - which
place is a ttsgr, Tor consumptivet-
uufo him out In his opinion
aud made "a willing aueec. OF
the gtes, and rrull, Koch. lie does
not doubt tnUt a, men, women
aud uul4Ten, at some time or TIME,
receive into lhalr air passages the
iuuuTcIr ualiI, but fortunately tie
great majority possessed tie power Of
relelIiug them aud throwing them on
they uid not Had that soil, NO to
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28

urAH's PioNEEU DAY IS appropri-
ately observed as Founders Jay by
another growing and interpreting
community ri this great ard broad.
shouldervd country OF ours. 10 was on
tho 2ith VI July, 1901, that Autoile de
In Motto Cadillac, at tho head Of a
party Of Frcnchmou, began the first
permanent settlement on the present
site oil Detroit ani established Fort
Pontcharlfain. "Cadlhc day" 10
regularly celebrated by the northern
Michlganders with procession, pagoan.
try AMI c0siumed representatives. II
The early wor,hirs.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28


The United States ilag was nut TO a
use which should have caused the i'm.
mediate arrest OF the one using II and
MI his nilcrs ohg abottors, this morn.
iug. An Italian who has presumably
but recently come here was parading
the streets with ia, Stars and Stripes
gurmountoi by rtrsamerH Of black
Grape floating over his head ana a
motley gang following IN his wake.
There was an inscription fastened
% the emblem and is words
were those Of men bent on riot
and plumber This grcwsome
procession passed by at luast ono
policeman but was not disturbed, and
such policemen should themselves be
taken TO task and made to explain N
they can.
Toe NEWS sympathizes fully with
the cause Ut labor aud liz always Will
ing to DO 90 much rs 1t may 70 alleviate
distress. But It has no sympnthy Tor
men who would not only override tho
lnw but perohnucs not bcfuplo az PHI.
lage anu bloouthed. Let Oh such pro.
ceciings be- hummarily subduod and
the authors ot them mace to feel
that melting to riot 10 mo- mere DIVER.
Vi n here, Whatever II may be where
they came from.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28

port Of the authors position are many
and wonderful. Otlocal interest De the
nllusion to our pelicans, and Captain
slansbury's work Is quoted to the
effect that Zone Of these birds WIS
noted in the lake OF Utah the Span.
ian nulhlr spells It Uth0l which was
quite blind and old, yet apparently
fat." The captain watched the bird
and found 60 was feI hy otneri younger
than itaelf-an incident even more
than cofroborative Of the well.kuown
fact that policons fsh Ia common, and
allow each other to alsry theirhuageF
driving the fsh toward each other hy
turns.
Senior Posado concluies With the
sound though not altogether compli.
mentary assertion that the fact Of cur
inability to arrive at just comprehon.
zion Of the moral state Of the animal
world does not prove that the animals
arc entirely lacking In what We are
pleased to call intellectual qualities.
lie thinks perhaps some Of cur great
economical problems defy satlsiac.
tory solution because We fancy our.
selves 40 high above the rest Of the
creation; perhaps we are unable T.
comprehend the harmony Of the uni
verse because we coolly rely upon our
tistiuotinna and rafuep In study n In all
lts branches-a conclusion 10 which
We are pleased 90 think the Uiah Lake
pelican, with all We slurgIshncss and
bad odor, may have helped him.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28
wonAS's UNnounrED RIGHTS.


The NEws IL not oi those disposed to
cfilicise the ladits who met Ia silver
convention few evenings since. That
the question under discussion, being
one that has engrossci the best thought
Of the wlscst men during more than
decade without yet being settled, should
now bo boldly CHARGED upon and airily
disposed OF by the genllor sex In a few
speeches and memorial, does not seem
TO us 70 constitute any cause OF com
plain. against the fair ones. ON the
contrary weare willing to accept aid IN
the great struggle from any quarter,
and ovonshould there be an ahonoo Of
real, practical help we are not inclined
90 reject OF belitilo the friendly motive
which IA this instance prompts the
tender OF II.
We shall have 10 beg leave 30 say
however, that the women might have
done much better than they did nt the
meeting, and they may still render
hAHANAnuNt VI AMN NANHN NhNHhANNAAA
and effective character II they are
really In earnest Tae plan OF cam
palgn we suggest lisa sor,os OF rololu'
tious, mental OF otherwise, s1muthing
like this;
since the money which tho fathers,
brothers, husbands anu sous Of the
community earn Is largely silver
money;
Since that is the kind OF money the
mothers, sisters, wives aud daughters
earn, anu with the others, spend;
Since ali OF US eau get that kind Of
money easier than any other, and It
can be made plentiful II that pure,
royal metal be not uniustly discriml'
mated againai;
Since It Is good enough for the wost
but IL not considered good enough for
the East;
Now therefore IN consideration OF
these premises, be II resolved that we,
tho women OF Utah, hereby pledge
ourselves 10 deal only with those who
will deal fairly with as
We will cease 10 purchase the ar,i %
Giles of iinery aud luxury which tho
East puts into our markets, ami viii
purchase OF articles o, necessity from
that source only such u, cannot be
made at home or supplied by our
friends;
We authorize our fathers, brothers,
husbands and sons 70 say TO the East
which does not want our silver, "Kcel
your silks and lRces, your bonuoia and
embroidefies, your iol-ic-rols aud
ilummery--our mothers, sisters, wiyc,
and daughters will buy mons OF them?
We agree to respect ourselves and
each other by saoreily keeping this
pledge, feeling that II IL far better Tor Q
timo to curb our whims aud r,Jec
fashions follios than to contribute II
even the least degree 10 the thralld1m
that IL sought to be placed upon w.
our loved ones and our homo.
This may not be the ortho
dox way Of meeting a difficulty
such as now oonlr1nls the West, bu
1t would breathe the go3d old patriotic
spirit that Rioretlme found exercise ia
spurning hated impOrts, MOULDING bul
lets and preparing lint ana handages
II lie just a. womauly as any kind o
speechiiyipg and memouaIizing an,
would prove hundred times NOR
fetching.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28

CoLLFcrORs on garbage in wReh-
ing,ou, ID. g., are supplied with Tin
horns TO notify householdors Of their
presence. Houleholieia In Salt Lake
are disposed 10 look upon the TIA horns
Of this town ns tho garbage itself.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28

A Gund thtug for Fnhmsr Complaints
DC. j. w. Hagcf, we'll known mer.
chant Of Clio, IfuJrll o., North Caro-
lima, cured four clsrl of lux with one
small bottle OF Chamhpr.p'r's Collie.
Cholera anu nIaulmh Remedy. This
~ tho most prompt nud successful REM.
Ody In use tor Uyiontry, dinrrhoa,
cole aud cholera motbur. No other
medicine will tnko its place or dl its
work In this cinbs OF uisrascs. 10 o.
equally valuable for children and
alults. 25 aul 90 cent botlles for sale
by T. &. IS. I. Dm Dep;. d&6
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28
nnrlIirn'. Arnicn sniye.

THE nEsr SALvE In the world Tor
Cots, Bruiscs, Sores Ulcers, SAlt
Rheum, Fever Sore. letter, Chopped
Hands, Chilblains, Corns and all Skin
Efupiions, ami positively cures Piles,
or 40 pay rpquiroi. 10 Is guaranteed 10
give perfect satisfaction OF money re-.
funded. Price 70 cent? pur box. For
sale lv A. &. Smith A. 90
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28

Subscribers changing their plnccoi residence
should aIways give former b. WtH ae pfcseh'
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-07-28
TRIMS on SUBSCRIPTION.

raTmonls for snUlcrIplon aIwhyi 10 alT'a'''
The record-union., 1893-02-14

in the British peerage is Scottish, that of
the Earl of Mar, which again was not
created but grew. 1t dates from 1910, thus
being nearly 900 years old. Duncan
ruled then, whom Macbeth murdered.
There are several kinds of British peers,
besides the various degrees of each kind.
The PittSburg Dispatch says they rank as
follows: Peers of England, created be-
fore 1907; peers OF Scotland, created before
1907; peers of Great Britain, created be-
tween l707 and 1850; peers of Ireland,
created before 1900; peers of the United
Kingdom, created since 1890; peers of
Ireland, created since 1900, and life peers.
The oldest existing English peerage is
the Earldom of Arundel ana Surrey, dat
ing from LOO, in the reign of Henry H.,
and is now held by the Duke of Norfolk.
The Oldest Scottish peerage is that of
Mar, 1910; but there is some doubt about
his, and the Oldest certain peerage is the
Earldom of Sutherland, and dating from
l22S, when Alexander III. was King. The
oldest peerage of Great Britain is the
Earldom OF Ferrers, dating from I'LL, in
the reign OF Queen Anne; this is held by
family to younger branch of which
Washington belonged, and the name
Washington is still familiar name to it.
The oldest Irish peerage, and the oldest
peerage which has not been merged i'll
higher title, is the Barony of kingsdale,
dating from 1851, when Henry II. was
Lord OF Ireland; it is held now by the
thirty-second Lord; he has the privilege
of wearing his hat in the presence Of the
sovereign.
The oldest peerage of the United King
dom is the barony ofMoore created in 1891
and the oldest of the modern irish peerage
is the Earldom OF Caledon, created the
same year. The very oldest peerage, that
OF Arundel, is by tenure-that is, the
original holder was a peer by virtue of
holding Arundel Castle, and then came
peerages by writ; wealthy men were
summoned to attend the King, and the
custom grew of summonIng always any
man who had once been summoned.
Then came the peerages by patent-those
granted since about 1887. All modern
peerages are created by patents of no.
hilitU
The record-union., 1893-02-14
THE HAIR.
a Woman's Protest, Advice and Re.
Elections on Care Of the Hair.

A Woman's Protest, Advice and Re-
Elections on Care of the Hair.
Some time ago a woman was going to
one of our Western States to make visit,
taking with her a little granddaughter
two years old. Let me give you a glimpse
of them as they waited for the train.
The little girl, a bright-eyed, pretty
little thing, was dressed in blue flannel
with black stockings and cunning shoes.
The prettiest of eider-down cloaks and
a hood of angora wool completed her
outfit.
While waiting she laid off her hood and
her hair, curling naturally in tiny rings,
was soaked with oil. Oil was on her
neck, oil was spreading over her face.
and one clutch of the little hands at her
curls oiled them. Her hands oiled her
dress and 1 have no doubt the oiling pro-
cess continued until her garments were
thoroughly fabricated. Grandma was
getting old, but it wouldn't do to tell
her so.
She wore fine suit of gray cloth with
hat and gloves to match. An elegant
wrap was thrown gracefully over her
shoulders. Paint filed up the wrinkles:
paint lent faint tinge to the face and head
The record-union., 1893-02-14
Berlin Cough Cure.

For coughs and colds and all lung and
throat affections this article has superior
merit. 1t is perfectly harmless. gives i'm
mediate relief, and cures the worst cases
in from two to three days. Endorsed by
our best physicians. Try bottle and
you will always keep it. Price, so cents
bottle.
c. c. Liniment, the best remedy for
aches and pains.
Compound Sulphur Powder, the most
perfect laxative and cathartic known.
Gives instant relief in cases of constipa-
ton, indigestion, piles, biliousness, liver
troubles, rheumatism, gravel, etc, etc.
A great blood purifier and pleasant to the
taste. The w. II. Bone Company, San
Francisco, sole proprietors. Kirk, Geary
d Co.. Sacramento. sole agents.
The record-union., 1893-02-14
Mrs. Logan's "Hore Magazine" AID
the "wcek1y Uuion,n

Both only 81 70 per year. The Home
Magazine of Washington, D. c., con-
Quoted by Mrs. John A. Logan, is the
best and most popular low-priced period
ical ever printed. The publishers of the
WEEKLY UNION will furnish the maya
zine to its subscribers for mere nominal
sum above the price of subscription to
thu Weakly.
The record-union., 1893-02-14

The theatrical profession of Paris feels
highly honored by the nomination of NJ.
Laroche, the comedian, to be a member
of the Legion of Honor. a committee
from the Coincide Franchise called upon
the Minister of Public Instruction and
thanked him for his action.
The record-union., 1893-02-14
one ThIng mat Goes to Waste.

"One secret of the Chicago packers
great fortunes is simple" said resident
of that city. ''They don't waste anything.
The meat, the entrails, everything is
made use of but the squeal. They can't
catch that, SO it is wasted ."-Cincinnat
TimeS-Star.
The record-union., 1893-02-14
catarrh in the Head

Is undoubtedly disease of the blood,
and as such only reliable blood purifier
can effect perfect cure. Hoods Sarsa-
parilla is the best blood purifier, and it
has cured many very severe cases of
catarrh. Try it.
The record-union., 1893-02-14
OLDEST OF BRITISH PBERAGEs.
The Earldom of Mar, Which Go
Back to the Year 1910

Probably the death of the Duke of
Marlborough is responsible for the con-
tinued interest in the British peerage.
which prompts the question: who
created the first British peer, and when
did he do it?" The oldest existing title
The record-union., 1893-02-14

Roman ladies dress their locks in eight
different styles with numberless varia-
tons.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1893-11-09

During one Of his trips to the Coast
Range mountains. Joe Cohen, a ped
dler, came to lonely cabin. and found
the door wide open, says the Newman
Banner. In the center OF the floor
stood a cradle, in which was an infant
fast asleep. The cradle was rocking
with surprising regularity, but no sign
Of what propelled it could be seen.
Joes curiosity was aroused. He went
to the cradle and found stout cord at
tached to a nail driven in the side Of
it. The cord passed through an anger
hole in the side of the house lie took
up the trail. which soon led him into a
ravine where a donkey, or burro, was
standing and switching its tail. The
mystery was explained. The other end
Of the cord was tied to the jacks tail,
and the constant switching Of its eau
"a appvada.-, furnished motive power
s.'L.14 .a, ~ r0cR the cradle.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1893-11-09

their places in the least possible time;
but when they went back it was more
convenient to have them enter by one
door, so they were numbered, and
each knew his own number
When the horses returned from
fire. or from exercise, numbers were
called in order, and the first horse. or
number one, passed into the farthest
stall from the general door while the
one with the highest number had the
one nearest the door. All the horses,
you will thus see, were bright, but
Star was considered the brightest.
One time the horse in the stall next
to Stars grew i'll and would not eat.
Star, who was always ohservant,
knew something was wrong. and would
put his head over the partition and
give his friend gentle poke with
his nose. talking to him, perhaps. in a
quiet horse way, and showing all the
sympathy in his power.
The men in the engine-house tried to
induce the sick horse to eat, but moth
ing they offered him seemed to tempt
his appetite. They began to fear that
he would starve to death, and so he
might if Star hadn't helped them out.
One day, after the horse had refused
all sorts of food, Star took wisp of
hay from his own manger and thrust
it over the partition, holding it up to
his friends nose, as if coaxing him to
eat.
At first the sick horse did not notice
it, but Star held it out patiently until
at last he took it and ate it.
Star then held him another wisp and
then another until the sick horse had
made quite good meal.
1t seemed as if all the invalid had
wanted was gentle horse nurse to
feed him. And Star proved to be
faithful nurse indeed, for he fed his
friend regularly after that from his
own manger until he was well again.
st Louis Republic