The morning call., 1893-05-28

81 Sl,3Oo,OO0.OOO. At present our annual pfou-
uct is about $50. 100000, and is likely to con
linue for many generations. 10 be sure, the
places where gold could he dug with case
knife or spoon have been worked over and the
days or the rocker and long tom are no mere.
ltrequres capital 10 develop mines, and those
engaged in the business are inclined TO De very
quiet concerning the product.
The following table of cost OF working gold
by various methods in practice is taken from
the United States Treasury report:
Cost per ton of
CLASS. material treated.
Auriferous OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES 90 to SO %
nisr@iIns ninefs' .. ooto 30
~ 90 90
Hydraulic methods. l1ac to 81
The use OF electricity as applied to boisring
and crushing machinery and the use OF the ma
chine drill have made wonderful changes In the
cost OF mining. Chemical processes have been
SO improved That a great deal OF the treasure
formerly wasted is now saved. 1t often pays
10 work over the refuse or "tailings" from old
mines, and mines that did not pay by the old
processes are being reopeDed ana worked al a
profit under the new system.
Hydraulic mining has been almost generally
suppressed by law. BY this method the water
was carried by pipes from reservoirs sometimes
long distances from where II was To be applied
and turned against he base of a bank of earth
VII an irresistible force that enabled the oper-
ators TO wash down whole mountains Into The
valleys. Such damage was caused 10 farms
and naVigable streams below that these mines
have been at last closed except where the de-
bfis Is carried off by the Klamath and Trinity
rivers and their tributaries. There the farming
interest is so small and the streams SO rapid
that this method OF mining is not seriously op-
posed.
The average number OF vines to an acre Is
about 900, which make generally 800 gallons
of wine and 20 OF brandy from the residue.
In France 800 gallons OF wine and TO 6 gal.
Ions of brandy are made per acre. The pre-
dominance III Europe is acid; IN California
saccharine matter. In 100 pounds of Cali
forEia must we nave 20 to 40 POUNDS of sugar;
iii Europe B 10 20 pounds.
In California 1t Is claimed that no doctoring
Is done, no tlay0ring, no coloring, no Sweeten.
ing; but some brandy is added from the same
grape 10 some of the sweet wines.
Al first fully one.half of the California vines
were in the lowlands, as it was supposed they
would th-re stand drought best. THIS was
found to be an error. Everywhere on the steep
hills OF Tie interior the vine grows and thrlves
without Irrigation. Many have watered, but
year by year the practice was abandoned as
not only unnecessary but positively harmful TO
The fine favor Of It's wine. Once fairly rooted
the vine stands the summers long drought
better than any other plant; but If taught 10
del end on artificial watering 1t is divested of
its natural instlnct, which directs 1t 10 send
down It's pump-root 10 the line OF perpetual
moisture
Recent statistics gave 1000 large individual
grape growers in the State, of which 5000 or
1000 devote their grapes 10 wiBemaking.
Since 1875 up 10 tie vintage OF 1891 there
has been an actual shortage In The worlds wine
product of about 100000 900 gallons the
greatest defci' being in France, which pro-
duced In 1875 twenty-five bundled and thir-
teen and odd million gallons, including the
| product of Algeria, where vitculIuie has only
been known for the last ten or fifteen years
| Germany follows next; In 1876 hei production
was III 900, 900, which fell to only 8 427 09l,
| Italy, Spain ana the United States being the
only wine-producng countries showing an in-
crease.
| The solution Of this problem was found In
! two facts. The frsl and the smaller was the
| increased coDsumption of beer in the Wine-pro-
! dueing countries.
| Up 10 the b. ginning of the present decade
beer was rot drunk by the better classes OF
| people in Franc or Barcelona and statistics
! p rove that latterly the consumption OF beer In
| Paris is nearly twice that of wine, caused hy
| the absence of the smaller or bourgeois wines
! called leti s wins, which were within the reach
! OF The common classes. In 1891 France I'M
| ported 244 100000 gallons more than she pro-
! sumption. In that year p tris consumed D arly
! three times as much wine as the whole of the
! United States
The second solution OF the problem OF the
| shortage in VINE Is the fac Of The widespread
manufacture OF fictitious wines. Consular re-
ports show that in 1889 France manufactured
| 5000, 600 hectoliIres or nearly 10000 900
gallons Of fictitious wine, made from pom ce
| o. died grapes, Zaute currants. or any other
available frult product producing alcohol. The
! Montteur Nintcoe, French PAPER, places the
| production of fictitious wine In 1S9132 at
| nearly 100000 600 gallons; but that does not
! take into consideration the fallclzed adulter-
aled wines produced in Germany aud Tor which
| Hamburg is the great market.
| The only cure for this state of things is
| thought to be the enforcement of existing pure
wine laws. and the enactment of national
| pure food and liquor law.
! he president of The Board of Viticulture in
bis latestreport. gives the following facts:
All of the vineyards set out in the great
planting FRA of 1880 10 1885 are in bearing,
and there are practically 10 new VINEYARDS 10
| come into bearing. THIS means that the an
| Dual Weld OF wine and brandy 10 the State can
not be materially increased for at least five
| yeals-tlIat Is, until new vineyards can be
planted and brought into bearing. l do not
think that the annual Yield for ihe next iiv
years VIII exceed 1S,o00.00o gallons OF wine
ard ,250 900 gallons of brandy. To consume
this we have present Eastern and foreign de-
mand for 100000 gallons OF Wine and
| 100000 gallons of brandy and home con-
sumption of wine of 6,00e, 900 10 5000 900
gallons and Of brandy about 100000 gallons.
This would seem TO indicate lively reaction
In prices before long.
Following are the latest figures, giving the
production of wine and brandy, ETC.:
1880. 1S,C00 eco gallons; 1891, 100000
gallons; 1892, 100000 gallons. The de-
crease in 1892 was due to frosts, couture and
hot weather before the vintage. Tue prices
paid for grapes ranged from $40 to $50 or $50
Ter ton. the latter for such grapes as The
Cabernet, Petit Pinot, etc.
Biandy-making is very fourishing branch
OF the. business. In 1891 the production was
I'475525 Fiooi gallons. There are about ESQ
dlstilleieS in the State with more springing up.
BUILDERS OF SHIPS