The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1893-04-13
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.


were found on the top of the Palisade'
ing the course of the ice that covered
the continent down to this point. The
general motion of the glacier was
southwark but these cuttings point to
the southeast Many powders of trap,
obviously from the Palisades, are
found on the western end of Long
Island
Calculations, based on the observa-
ton of the refraction of light have
caused it to be supposed that the air be-
comes so rare at the height of about
sixty miles that the distance may be
regarded as the limit to it's sensible ex-
tent, but other calculations, made dur
ing the present century, of the dis
tance from the earth at which meteors
ignite indicate that the atmosphere ex-
tends to upward of one hundred miles.
IF pound of coal is subject to a
dry distilation and the products and
residuals treated chemically by the
processes for obtaining the well-known
coal tar colors," says the Age of Steel
of St Louis, "the one pound so treated
will yield enough magenta to color 500
yards of flannel vermillion for $500
yards, aurine for 100 yards, and ALTAR
inc sufficient for 1855 yards of red CLOTH"
Tobacco growing in the southern
states has for many years been one of
the leading industries, but the import
ance has not been fully appreciated.
Tobacco growing during the past year
has received a larger share of atten-
ton than usual and in almost every
southern state there has been formed .
number of local associations whose aim
is to provide the necessary warehouses
in which to store the plant and urge
the farmers to cultivate it.
Lines are an important article OF
export from tropical countries. In
some cases they are packed like
oranges, whole; in others, the ripe
lines are placed in casks. salt water, or
strong brine, being poured over them.
The cask is then made perfec thy tight,
and is exported, principally to Boston.
But the brine has to be frequently
changed before the fruit is properly
pickled The average quantity of lines
taken from an orchard in full bearing
is sixty to eighty barrels per acre. A
barrel of fruit yields from six to seven
gallons of juice.
The amount of blood in an adult
averages 80 pounds, or fully one-fifth
of the entire weight The heart is six
inches in length and four inches in di-
ameter, and beats 70 times per minute,
1900 times per hour, 100, 800 per day,
36, 729, 600 times per year, 1905, 100000
in three-score and ten, and at each beat
2H ounces of blood are thrown out of
it, 175 ounces per minute, 656 pounds
per hour, ~ tons per day. All the
blood in the body passes through the
heart in three minutes. This little or
gan, by it's ceaseless industry, pumps
each day what is equal to lifting l33
tons one foot high, or one ton 122 feet
high.
The Illustrated American reports
the discovery in Alaska of the skeleton
of a whale-lizard, the second of its
kind known to be in existence The
other was found some years ago near
Oxford, England, but is much smaller
than this one. 1t is now in the British
museum. The whale-lzard is described
in natural history as 1.-The king of the
land and sea-" doubtless from the fact
that it was equally at home on land or
in the water. In water its speed was
terrific; it swan with it's legs, its enor-
nous wings serving to keep its body
above the surface, so that it must have
appeared to be walking on the water.
An idea of its great size can be formed
from the fact that one bone weighed
794 pounds. The weight of the whole
skeleton is 2, 400 pounds.
The vineyards of Europe cover
%, 976, 9O2 acres Italy comes first with
s, 575, 900 acres, followed by France with
4 ,592 500, Spain with LOLA 800, Austria
Hungary with 1925 and Germany
with 300, 600 acres. The annual average
production of the European vineyards
is put at 1852, 800, 900 gallons, Italy
producing in round figures, 6g, 900, 900
gallons, France and Spain 60s 0O0 900
gallons each. Austria Hungary 20S, 00O,-
600 and Germany 51,000,000 gallons
Spain exports the most wine, 200, 00O.-
900 gallons, but it is chiefly common
wine, and it is estimated as worth only
800, 000, 900, while the value of the 3d.
600, 900 gallons exported from France is
put at nearly as much. Italy comes
third, with exports of Al, 100000 gal
Ions, estimated at Sl4000,000, while
Austria Hungary exports only G,0o0,-
500 gallons worth ss,600,000. Many
raisins are produced.