davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

to about $50 degrees. This heat causes
it to expand sufficiently to be placed
over the tube. To assemble the tube
and jacket the former is placed on end
in shrinkage pit in the middle section
of the factory, and the jacket, after be-
ing heated, lis slowly lowered into place.
1t is then cooled by stream of water
which is thrown against it. The hoops
are next finished, and as soon as the
jacket is cool row of hoops are shrunk
on one by one in similar manner ex.
tending from the jacket to the muzzle.
1t is necessary to still further increass
the strength of the gun over the bottom
of the bore, where the powder pressure
is the greatest; consequently the jacket
has shrunk over it a row If hoops. The
gun is now almost completed, though
it still has to be placed in the lathe to
be rihed and turned on the outside.
anism is fitted and the gun is ready foi
shipment to the proving ground. Every
gun after completion is thoroughly
tested on the proving ground before il
is sent to the fort where it is to be
mounted. The sea coast guns in our
service weigh from fourteen to sixty
tons and cost on the average of $1,000 a
ton.
The smaller guns are made in a sim.
liar manner in the old gun shop and
differ from the one described only in
having a fewer number of pieces. Some
of the smaller guns can be completed
in few weeks time, but to complete a
gun of the largest calibre it require,
several months of continuous work. -.
New York Herald.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
RlAck Hebrews.

In Cochin, on the Malabar coast,
there is race Of black Jews, COM
pletely like the native inhabitants
1t has been .thought that the black
ness Of these Jews is owing to inter-
marriage with Hindus; but of this
there is not the slightest evidence.
A German traveller informed the Rev.
Dr. Phillips, a missionary In North
ern Africa, that he had discovered q
race of negroes, near the Kingdom OF
Bambarra, who are Jews in all their
religious rites and observances.
Nearly every family has the law Of
Moses written on parchments. Jews
are found In almost every district and
country on the face Of the globe, and
numbers have settled all along the
North African coast. where, indeed,
they have had communities for more
than Thousand years, some have mi.
grated there In conseau ence Of Span
lsh persecution.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

gentle and not unlike the process
known to many small boy who has
listened to fairy stories from his grand
mother while he held her skein Of
yarn. In the same case are shown
some very pretty designs made of silk
skeins and braids. One is large fan
shape with fountain scene on the
side, all worked out with punches of
bright colored silks. They are not
sewed together, but simply placed tD
punches. and are very artistic.
The most elaborate of all the dis.
plays is made by silk thread firm.
It is an engine and car made of spools.
Eight thousand spools of silk are used.
Each piece is ten feet long. The
wheels are made of large spools and
the spokes of smaller ones. They are
all of black. The panels of the car are
worked out in different colors. The
engine is the most wonderful piece OF
work. Every detail has been worked
out in marvellous way, even to the
CONFERENCE.-The on the side of the
drive-wheels. From the smokestack
flies backward lot of silk floss, very
black at first and ending in thin steam.
The bell is made of gold-colored silk
and the reversing lever is made of tin
spools put end to end. The only ma.
terial not made of spools is the head
light, which is reflector with an elec.
trio light.
Another case SHOWS life-size figure
OF Chinaman watching big silk
worm Mt work. All of the products of
the silk worm are shown and they take
many forms. There is collection OF
hosiery fit for princess and beautiful
silks for gowns. Many of the articles
are made expressly for this exhibit,
while others are just the stock of the
firms.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
ChickamaiiRa.

The terrific nature OF the great struggle NJ
Chickamauga may be II ustrated by TIE re
cord of the 2lst Ohio In the course OF the
battle that regiment fired 43 $50 rounds OF
liked ammunition. and fought till its last
shot was expended. II suffered loss OF one
officer and fifty men killed. three officers
and ninety-eieht men wounded, aud twelve
officers and one hundred and four man
captured, yet even such magnificent bravery
as its men exhibited could not suffice to give
victory to the Union arms.
The to'al number Of troops engaged on
either side in the battle has never been sat.
isfactorily determined. The total strength
Of the army Of Rosecrans was from 55, 900
to or, 900 effective men, and quite likely waa
not far from the frst-nained figure. Bragg's
force has been variously estimated as having
been from less than $4,000 to fully 10000.
The probabilities are that the two armies
|. In number were very evenly matched.
The losses OF Rosecrans, In killed. wound
ed, and missing, were over 49, 90. The loss
60 of Bragg seem TO have heen ut least a.
heavy, for there was terrific slaughter dur
ing his desperate attempts to drive Thomas
from Horseshoe Ridge. Were we to consid-
er as accurate the Federal estimate OF the
Conferate loss, and the Confederate estimate
of the Federal loss, the figures would b
very greatly increased The Battle field
at Chickamauga."-BLUE AND GRAY. Phil
adelphia, Pa.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
MARYLAND. NV Marxland ~

The story Of how the poem Maryland,
my Maryland" was set to music and adopt
ed as a Southern war song forms roman
tic and interesting incident Of the Civil War
The music at first chosen WAS Frederic
Berat's ma Normandie. but that was soon
Swept away" to use Mr.. Randall's own
language when the lovely German lyric,
"Tannenbaum, o Tannenbaum" was Sc.
lected as u more spirited air. shortly after
the battle of Manassas, General Beauregard
invited several Maryland ladies who were
living in Virginia, to visit his headquarters,
near Fairfax Court House The ladies and
their escorts camped the first night at Man.
assas, were they were serenaded by the
famous Washington Infantry Of New Or
leans The boys in gray, at the end Of the
serenade called for song from the ladies.
and Miss Jennie Cary. standing at the door
Of the tent sang my Maryland" The
refrain was quickly caught up by the
soldiers, and the camp rang with the words
Maryland, My Maryland" As the last
notes died away, the wild Confederate yell
was given, with three cheers and a tiger
for Maryland" A spectator Of the scene
relates that there was not dry eye In the
ladies' tent and not cap with rim on il
in camp This is how MY Maryland"
came to be adopted as a national wsr-song
OF the South,-"The author of Maryland,
Ny Maryland BLUE AND GlAY. Phila.
dslphia. Pa.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
THE REMODELED BALLOT.

CHANCES MADE ny THE LEGISLATURE IN rHE
BAKEB LAW TERsELY STATED.
The ballot Is decreased to one-half the
size required uuder the original law.
are required to be printed and distributed,
instead of duplicates. rs before.
The time allowed for printing the ballot
is extended.
The percentage Of party nominations 10
reduced from 3 to p per cent of the vote cast
at the previous election.
The printing and distribution Of the bal
the supervision of the County Commissi on
ers, instead Of the Township Auditors.
One mark in circle at the top ofa col.
umn Of candidates shall count as vote for
every candidate in that column.
Where the mark is not placed in q circle
q mark opposite the name Of every candi-
date voted for Is required.
A screen or door Is to be placed In front
Of each booth to better secure privacy to
the voter.
When an elector votes for more candi.
dates than be is entitled to vote for, the bal
lot shall not be entirely thrown out, but
that portion which is properly marked
shall be counted.
It will be noticed that circle Is to be
printed at the head of the column Of candi
dates instead OF square at the right OF the
party name. This Is to avoid confusion In
the mind Of the voter by designating the
di Inference in marking to vote for an entire
ticket and voting for candidates individual.
ly or in other words, independent voting OF
scratching" The elector who desires to
vote his full party ticket will mark in the
circle, and he who wants to vote only part
Of 1t will mark In square to the fright OF
the name OF each candidate voted for
Lancaster New Era.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

Maine. The progression of the work
is shown by dirty fleece just shorn,
and this being the first step each sue
ceeding process is exhibited, the card
ing, spinning, weaving, and finally the
completed cloth. All the grades and
styles known to wooden manufacture are
shown. Several cases are filed with
bright colored yarn and the finer
thread used in making cloth.
The silk department il the most pic
turesqe, rs the soft quality OF the goods
admits of full scope in the window
dresser's art. One of the most inter-
esting and at the same time instruc-
tive exhibits is at the north end of the
space. There is long show case with
q row of bottles. In the first is the
moth, then in succession are shown the
moth eggs, the Matching process, with
the worm one day old and 30 on up to
the age of four weeks, when it begins
to make silk. Keeping up the pro-
gression the cocoon is exhibited in its
various stages from the time 1t il COW
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
acres, and are advantsgeously located
on the Hudson River and Erie Canal.

acres, and are advantageously located
on the Hudson River and Erie Canal.
The factory consists of the old gun
shop connected with the large new gun
shop the forr er is devoted principally
to the manufacture of guns of smaller
calibres, and the latter to the msnufac-
ture of large calibre guns. The new
building consists of two wings con-
nected by a central section. The north
wing is 400 feet long and 12S feet wide /;
the central section is 165 feet long,
and the south wing is 400 feet long and
1853 feet wide. The extra width of this
wing is to accommodate the enormous
lathes (some of which are over one hun
dred feet long) which are needed for
the manufacture of the largest calibre
guns.
The shops are filed with lathes, bor-
ing mills, drills, slotting, milling and
rifing machines. Overhead, running
the entire length of the building, whose
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

total length is 965 feet, are two travel
ing cranes capable of carrying the
huge masses OF metal to any part Of the
building.
The manufactur of gun is very
interesting operation. A modern high
power gun is complex structure
"built up" or composed of number
of parts. There are two reasons for
"building up" gun. First, it makes
it stronger; second, since the parts
used are made from smaller masses of
metal, the quality of the metal can be
made better and quite uniform. The
rough forgings, from which the parts
of the gun are made, are made at pri-
vste works for the Government and
shipped to the factory, where they are
carefully inspected to see that they
fulfil the requirements.
The piece which forms the part next
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

TO the bore of the gun and which \
called the "tube" is first picked up by
the travelling crane, and placed in one
of the huge lathes to be turned and
bored to the proper size. This tube is
the longest piece in the gun. BY IL
self it would not be strong enough to
stand the powder pressure, so it has to
be strengthened by "hoops" and .
Jacket"
When the tube is finished the jacket,
which ia the first piece assembled, il
turned and bored. The interior of the
jacket is slightly smaller than the eS
terror of the tube, 80 that when IA
sembled it will compress the tube and
so increase its strength, since the pow.
der gas must first overcome this com.
preston before il begins to strain the
tube. This is the reason why "built
up" gun is stronger than one made of
n single casting. The condition is
somewhat similar to two trains, one Mt
rest THE case of the single casting) and
the other backing. The engine of the
first can start ahead without much ex-
penditure of force while that of the
latter has first to overcome the retro
grade motion before it can start ahead,
and, therefore, must expend much
more force. The 'built up" gun
whose tube is under strain of COM
preston can for similar reason stand
n much greater powder pressure be-
fore bursting than gun made by a
single casting.
When the jacket is finished it is
placed i'll hot air furnace and heated
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
A brave Dog.

The bravery OF dog was notably
shown recently in struggle between
Mrs Burrill, cook at Boar's Head
Tavern, Leeds, and rufiian named
Rotherty, who was insane with jeal-
Dusy, says the London News. The
villain had enticed Mrs. Burrill into
a remote room. and was about to dis
patch her with a razor when the hotel
log issued from under couch, and
springing upon the assassin seized
him by the coat sleeve close to the
wrist. This compelled the man to
attempt to shake the animal of.
Meanwhile he necessarily relaxed his
hold upon the woman, who now
found strength To call for help Roth
cry, however, succeeded In releasing
himself, and once more he rushed at
the woman, razor in hand.
The dog, however, was still more
nimble; he sprang between them, and
eaped to seize the fellow by the
throat 1t was at this moment that
the landladY, having heard the
screams, rushed into the room. With
great presence Of mind the landlady
dragged Mrs. Burrill out, and closing
the door shut the man IN the room
with the dog The animal did not
further molest Rothery who there
upon cut his own throat, and was
found by a policeman a few minutes
later at the point Of death.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
TEXTILE EXHIBITS.
AMERICAN COTTON, SILK AND
WOOL AT THE FAIR.
Brilliant Contents Of Somber Cases In
the Manufactures Building-A
Railroad Train Made of
silk Spools.

OTTON, silk and
wool enter largely
into the textile ex-
hibit in the Ameri-
can section of the
M a n II I a tur e s
Building and it now
is complete. II oc-
cupies the northeast
corner of the build
ing and has been
dubbed "undertak-
crs' row, because
of the number of
black cases. How
ever somber tn @
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

The cotton exhibit is extensive and
includes all branches of the trade. One
of the prettiest exhibits is made of
bath towels, which have been ingeni-
ously worked into the shape Of Turk
ish bower. The many cases include all
of the different cotton fabrics made in
the country. Chicago News.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

The silk has three natural colors,
white, cream and yellow, and 100
cocoons are required to make one skein
of the delicate silk This is reeled by
machine in charge of girl. The
cocoon is put in a large machine, and
one end of the silk thread is found.
The motion, although rapid, is very
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

cases are the contents nre brilliant
enough and attract crowds of people.
The space, which is one of the largest
in the building, is divided into three
sections, wool, silk and cotton. The
wool and silk exhibits are made by the
association, the members of which are
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

Mons, the most intricate and careful
preparation of designs, and skilled
workmanship scarcely second to that
'equired in the manufacture of the
inest watches. 1t was necessary for
ihe United States Government, in or
Ter to insure a certain supply of guns,
TO establish a National gun factory for
ihe army, and also one for the navy.
While these factories are sufficiently
large TO supply the peace demands,
;hey could not supply the demands in
Ease of war. To provide for the latter
emergency, instead of increasing the
plant of the established factories, it
was deemed wiser, by giving sufficient
iy large contracts for guns to private
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

Frank Austin, of Eckerly, Ind. had
collie dog that was very fond of him.
He was going on a journey the other
day, and the dog wantedt to accompany
him. Austin drove him from the
train, and the dog was 80 detected that
he lay before the engine, and the train
passed over him.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

firms to induce them to introduce gun
making as branch of their business,
so that at the present day there are a
number of steel works capable of build
ing guns equal to those turned out at
the National factories.
The army gun factory is situated at
Watervliet arsenal, West Troy, N. Y.
The grounds contain over one hundred
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
RAILROAD TRAIN MADE OF SILK spooLs

wholesale dealers. The cotton exhibits
are made by individual firms.
One does not expect, rs a rule, to see
. lot of pieces of cloth piled up in a
picturesque way, but that is Just what
the woolen exhibitors have done. In
one case is shown lot of blankets made
entirely of American wool. They are
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

light and soft, and suggestive of warm
comfort in cold weather. In the over
coat materials the goods are graded
from the very heavy shaggy cloths
down to the very finest. There are
thirty-four of these cases representing
lis mills extending from Milwaukee to
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
New Styles In Hair Dressing.

The brief day OF the Brighton bun is
past, and somewhat less atrocious haiI
dressing prevails. The two favorits
styles at present are the simple coli
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

A resident of Butler County, Kansas,
is said to have taken the Keeley cure
for the fishing habit.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

From A LAST WILL.-"My faithful
servant Johann Is TO receive 1000
empty wine bottles, the ,oatents OF
which he dralk du,lng my lifetime
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21
MAKING BIG GUNS.
WORK At A UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT ARSENAL.
why n Composite or Built Up Cannon
Is stronger Than One Cast In u
single Piecc--Cost of Mod
ern Gunmaking.
aRHE making Of gums

HE making OF guns
to-day is not the
simple foundry
work OF n few
years ago, but n
science requiring
the deepest math-
ematical calculo-
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

just above the nape of the neck and
the double loop somewhat higher. In
the latter the hair is twisted into two
coils close together, each one repre-.
senting the figure IS" Instead of the
customary pin of shell or silver OF
gold, clasp, fastening the loop'
across the center, is the only adorn
ment. New York World.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

There are seasons when suicide
seems to be almost epidemic in large
cities.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-06-21

SOLDIERS COLUMN
sErT1N' THE FLAGS.
THIS amt Joe Brown,
Z II Isl Why, Joel
M>~ You're bent, md
CNSCN[- gray, md 60 80
zSNMN(N slow
%tNSMN.l I thought twas some
NMAvlNS old man. But
(O(WSLNl here.
tG//N.I Furgot I'd been
D ~ away ten year!
had to come, joe had to come
For one more Thirtitth o. May,
To see the boys. nd help 'em so ne
In keeping Decoration Day.
Bur whar We bound fur this time Joe7
To set the nags2 Wen both on 'sgo
nd mark the end o. the march, that done
Nd call the roll o. the boys that's gone.
Say. Joe, you N me have come so near
The still place where
They're camped. that we can almost heat
EN- answer their names from Over There
Theirs Jest ten graves. r'member 'em all
Ten men that's answered Detail Call.
Five flags fur me, md five fur you.
What's all the rest fur2 Ten'll dol
Nd whar's the rest o. the boys to-day?
Their should be twelve on IS, s,counting you.
! hope they amt took to stayin away
That amt the way they useter dol
Taint right! They all had orter CONS
To mark the graves for MORTAL Day,
No matter 4 work Is pushing some!
Why joel Your re cryin'i What ails ye. joel
What's thatl Good Lordl That can't be SO!
All dead but us? Why. Joe-But thar,
That couldn't be, outside o war.
Did fal in battle, Yes-you're right.
We've all been in long, hard fight.
They fell in battle. Yes, that's so!
ND that's the way we've got to go.
An, Joe, I'll bet
Not one O. them boys ever let
The colors outen lis ght!
Well Joe. We'vegot these ha9s to set
Here's ten fur me nd ten you keep.
Theirs two OF us is wakin' yet.
To stan guard over them that sleep.
But which of Us two, Joe, d Ses1oss
Will set the flag fur the next that goes?
james C. hrdy, in Washington.
The Lamar register., 1893-10-28
A st.ss soda FOUNTAIN.

1t may sound like Munchausen yarn, but
Is an actual fact that the squinteyed little
ourg OF sodayille, In Linn County, In block
10, oil the town plot, there is a soda spring
md that the last legislature, In its infinite
wisdom, provided that ''inasmuch as there is
grea, and growing demand on the part Of
she public for the waters OF said spring. the
ua,c would spend $500 to improve 1t. This,
~ last Ia the fond realization of the long
leit want which has been loaang around the
country Ike the ghost OF boyhood's happy
iays In quest OF a watermelon patch where
hapiy fingered no vicious dog. 1t is a grand
and imposing sight TO see the Legislative
fancy rising from the sordid contemplation
ot cold and unresponsive hog law and hoy
.ring on haleyon wings over the soft murmur
81 an idyllic state soda fountain.-4storid
(Ore.) Budget
The Lamar register., 1893-10-28


There is merely n patch of earth Gov
cred more thickly with broken rock
than the earth ronnd about it Is.
Else where, however. any one can trace
out walls in the surface stone. and
rf;er having seen such place the
tourist is ready to believe that the
other patches OF rork are also signs OF
ancient homes
By the time one has seen n dozen
such patches the most prominent feat
ure OF the home site of the ancient
builder is apparent lie always chose
a ridge OF some kind. ON almos;
every promontory, ridge or knob OF
ground along the Tulerosa is an an
ei-nt ruin, and only on ridges or
knobs have they been found SO far.
There are, indeed. ruins down low in
the vnlley-therc is one below Harry
Delxers house-but they were built
on ground that would not be reached
by high water. and the one near Del
gar's is on low knob that was prob
ably once considerably higher than 1t
il now. In the alluvial soil of the
valley the water has cut down knobs
and filed in hollows that were prom
inent some hundreds of years ago
when tn, Sc houses were inha bited.
The Lamar register., 1893-10-28

The story. 50 far a. II can be
r. sach remains as are found.
IA; y q people who were tall,
s-ze4. and had large brains
rafr very lkcly almost a white
u ACE. They were at once
b g! rare skill and successful
y They were indu trious and
Th-y gained wealth solely
gal iAhor. They probably had
II rel .iau. and were ye, the
Ne Qaakrrs-
z-ist who would like 20 make
O. ihe ruins left b. this ancient
i15aId so 10 socorro on the
Fs Fzllruad ia New Mexico, and
1tc train on a Nt;lc branch
e; Eras thiriy-aTe miles west
- camp called Masdaiena-
tz1 = = sare-en0nHh frontier
siaton. the supply depot for
5zen and others who live scat
a,czt oyrr tic desert wherever
= Gzy b. found clear away TO
r. waters 81 the CIia river.
ssekiy mail service is main
-ua saEdaleaN ives, across
lz, and the tourist can take
ss-a tgckb.lArd with one seat
tan hirc a rig at the livery
il either event the destina-
VII seek Is in the TulcrosA
e the west side OF the couti-
rte aud more than 100 miles
at-pss the san Augustin plains
c-ruey OF TWO and a half days
: th= yzlley the tourist can
"a uAfry Delxsr, whose 'dobe
znown in the postofie. de
~ - Washington a. the Post
oseph," or he eau stop with
at.e;tc \ widow with a grown
LIVING la 'dobe house at
t1wn 10 the war department
Illerosa Both families are
i'.se loeal archrologisis, and
- q gging for so many years
old ruins that their neigh
people who live within iii.y
think they are cranlSs-
these homes arc located
lzoaz the ruins. are built IN
n2tcrials formerly used by
itor!c people. while the door
- Uttered with bits OF anc:ert
roszery and the rooms of the
1-e oFnamented with curious
things tha; have been found
&C 10 time in the ancient
- the first thing to do in gath
e story of this ancient race
* 70 consider the locality in