davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04

Senator Farwell, who has already gwen
the subject much thought. General
Dyrenforth was also student OF this
method of producing rain and he and
Senator Farwcll had just about this time
acquired, through his interests in the
Texas State capital syndicate, an enor-
nous cattle ranch in Texas, and natur-
ally the subject was one of grea. interest
to him. Lieutenant John p. Findlay,
of the army signal service, was also an
enthusiastic believer in the theory of
,ain.production by artificial means, and
he, Senator Farwell, Genera! Dyrenforth
and General Rugeles had, during the
years 1889 aud 1890, many consultations.
At last Senator Farwell obtained from
Congress an appropriation Of $4,000 with
which to test the theory, the same to be
expended BY the Department Of Agri-
culture. Out Of this fund the expert.
uenis ef last year In Texas sad Of last
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04

squares, which arc dried aud sold for
fuel. The women are the wives and
daughters of cottagers, frugal, industri.
Gus, remarkably handsome and OF hns
figures, which are strengthened and de.
veloped by this out.of-door labor. It is
not infrequent to hear them singing in
rich, natural voice the plaintive songs OF
Ireland in their native Celtic tongue.
While the manufacture OF fuel out of
turf is carried on by men, these women
do considerable business in selling it in
its prepared state or in delivering it,
In small quantities. Their wages are
mere trifle, but help to exc out an exist
ence that is full of privations.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04

it much. Once or twice during tho bal
loon experiments one could see that the
cloud riffs were disturbed, but their per-
turbation and quite conspicuous frown
did not result in tears. II the science
OF rainmaking IS ever to be carried to
success by these methods it must be by
balloons, and to employ them in sulfi-
cient numbers will entail cost and diff
ticulty OF construction and operation
scarcely Commensurate with any benefit
likely to be obtained.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04

turc or expressions upon her usually
calm face, among which surprise and
chagrin were foremost, Gertrude took
her departure from the room. Aud
40 | won my wife. my jewel aud my
Hope, the anchor which will hold me
fast no matter how many may be the
temptations which the coming years
eau hold.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04
Turf Carriers OF Ireland.

A distinctive feature OF the historic
regions OF Killarney and other parts Of
Ireland are the turf or peat carriers, who
are usually women employed by the peat
farmers or those who make business Of
cutting up the soil Of the red bogs into
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04
She Seized Her Opportunity.

IL am always moved by the sound
of music," said young Phlathead, az
the clock struck II.
"Le: me play something for you,'
said Miss UpIate. with sudden eager.
meas.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04
The Oil Yenr and the New.

The Oil Yenr and The New.
How swift they go,
Liie'f many years,
with a cir winds OF wos
Aud their storms of tears,
And their darkest Of nights whose shadowy
sopes
Arc lit with the flashes Of starricst hopes,
And their sunsbiny days on whose calm
heavens loom
The c'ouds of the tcmpest-the shadows Of
gloom
And ali! we pray
with grief so drear,
That the years may stay
When their graves are near.
Tho the brows of to-morrows be radiant
and bright,
with love and with beauty, with life and
with light.
The dead hearts OF yesterdays. cold on the
bier,
To the hearts that survive them, are ever.
more dear.
For the heart so true
To each Old Year ceayes;
Tho the hand of the New
Flowery garands weaycs.
But the flowers of the future, tho fragrant
and fair
With the pasts withercd leaacts may never
compare;
For dear is each dead leaf-and dearer each
thorn
In the wreaths whsh the brows Of our past
years have worn.
Yea! men will cling
with love to the last,
Aud wildly fling
Their arms round the past.
As the vine that clings to the oak that falls,
As the ivy twincs round the crumblcd
walls
For the dust of the past some hearts higher
prize,
Than the stars that flash from the futures
bright skies.
And why not So
The old, old years.
They knew and they know
All our hopes and fears;
We walked by their side, and we told them
each grief,
And they kissed off our tears while they
whispered relicf
And tho stories of hearts that may not be
revealed
In the hearts Of the dead years are buried
and sealed.
Let the New Year sing
AT the Old Years grave;
viii the New Year bring
What the Old Year gave.
All! the Stranger Year trips over the SHOWS,
Aud bis brow is wreathed with many rose
But how many thorns do the roses conceal,
Which the roses when withered will soon
reveal
Let the New Year smile
When the Old Year dies;
In how short while
Shall the smiles be sighs?
Yea! stranger Year, thou hast many a
charm
And thy face is fair and thy greeting warm,
But dearer than thou in his shroud of
Is the fnrrowed face of the year that goes.
Yeal bright New Year,
Der all the earth,
With song and with cheer,
They will hail thy BIRTH
They will trust thy words In single hour
And they will love thy face, they will lau
thy power,
For the New has charms which the Old has
not,
And the Strangers face makes the Friends
forgot.
-[Father Ryan.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04
MAKING RAIN.
FAILURE OF GENERAL DYREN.
FORTH'S PLAN IN TEXAS.
Howth Thco.5 Originated aud How
Experiments Were Conducted
Atmospheric Conditions I'm
changed by Concussion.

GENERAL DYREN-
\: !: ; i: j: 8; !:
&1S 7 forth's fourth exper-
3SA N/iment in rain making
" VI in Texas has proved,
-NSD says Chicago Herald
Mn,I letter from San An.
r,%IINI,ST tonic, no more sue.
SHNIS. ~ cessful or satisfactory
,NT\-NNdS.3' than were his three
m lpETN experiments OF last
Wk MCc1.,< year. There seems
~ aIUh M to be something in
EUi the atmosphere Of
/ WYI Texas that Is "agin"
~ III the theory OF the
~l,Hf.',V scientists who believe
.,ssd in raiumaking by at
lacking the heavens with bombs. IL is
probable that this will end all luther
attempts to carry the theories to a sue
cessful conclusion IN this State, even il
IL does not result in the abandonment OF
the theories altogether. The people who
have backed General Dyrenlorth's last
experiments are satisfied that rainmaking
ChutlDt Dt tntut " SuCCtSoiui VI
pursuit.; the CO npany which was to have
been formed, bad these experiments been
successful, will probably not materialize,
and the gentlemen who have put up all
the way from $1,000 to $4,000 each will
return home poorer in purse, but rich in
experience.
In view Of this last unsatis factory at.
tempt to disturb the forces of nature, it
may be interesting to give brief history
of the science Of rainmaking by force OF
explosives. Ex-senator Farwell is really
the guilty person who projected this I'M
happy theory upon az unsuspecting
world. He was not the discoverer OF the
alleged science, but he is responsible for
supplying the means with which General
Dyrenforth made his first experiment
The real discover of the science was Ed
ward Powers, who in 1871 published a
book entitled "War and the Weather. "
This was a collection OF historical data
tending to show that even in very dry
regions, battles, during which there was
cannonading, we're followed by copious
falls of rain. The fact was not new IN
itself, for even Napoleon had written in
the same strain of many of his cam
raigns and many European scientists Of
a later day wrote of the unusually wet
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1893-01-04

tonic, no more sue.
cessful or satisfactory
than were his three
experiments Of last
year. There seems
to be something in
the atmosphere Of
Texas that is "agin"
the theory of the
scientists who believe
in rainmaking by at.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Corouer's Jnry Verdict.

The eorOner's jury rendered the
following verdict Sept. 18th in the
matter Of the shooting near Pearl
City last Friday; That the de-
ceased Akualani came TO his
death on the 18th day of Septem-
Der st Waiawa, Eva. by being shot
through the head by rifle bullet
fired from rife in the hands of
one Of the Honolulu police while
resisting arrest upon . lawfully
issued warrant charging him with
the murder Of his wife Niau at
Waiawa on the said 18th dav of
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Sugar.

NV 0oSk. >sp,- f2-Cub3u Cen
rif1gals, Is 5ssgees, 81 cents, grzuu-
izrei. 3 14-l10 cents
The So Francisco market : sSssdy
zrd unchanged
\ eSble from LEMON. dated The 6,h.
sSys- DA-z o5sainzble from reliable
sourcs O. IL prospective supplies q
E-ropsa1 best S1ES- from the crop OF
ISIS co1stis-sbly modify the estimates
q L'-Acrlcclre1r NSriol.zl. q Brussels.
Al estimates mus D tSken subject
= Deductions according - the vsSthe-
frcD nov III the crap ! completed
he present prospect Sppezrs 70 justify
TIE expectation q deficiency IN
Frzncs q SEQ tons. Sui in Holland
% 500 tons The Weld in Belgium
vii 1o- differ from the Weld OF iSSs
Il i probable thSt there viii b an
excess in Russia q 9lL0G tons IN
A1Ss-iz-Hu1SSry q Illlup tons. Sli
II Germany q ISS,a00 tons, making s
p-ohshle nes exesSS over the Yield OF
ESo7 q S45.asl tons
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Chinese Deportation.

Inc 1O-l0thing policy of the gov
eminent hzS resulted IN u0usiug the
indignation Of the lab0EiuE men OF
California 70 such pitch - u cause
them 10 commit such sets s. would
Be declared outrsgs by eastern lovers
q the little brown men Through
out the interior Of the state. where
large numbers Of Iaborers are REQUIRED
70 harvest crops the lzborzng men in
many instances have rssOTIed 10 f0rre
% drive the Chinese from their re
spsctive sections, and II some cases
there has been violence and blood
shed Usually, however, the coolies
have been sent awsF without znv
t1Ouble- Within the psst few DAYS
Inited StateS District Judge Ross. Of
Los Angeles has declared the Gezrv
lzE constitutional, and ordered the
deportation Of Chinese convicted IN
der H. Cleveland / in great distress
over the situation, a. il Is not his
policy 70 sDtsgOnize the Chinese, ana
il i announced from Washington that
Notwithstanding the order Of & Fed
eFSl c0urt- the Law VIII Be allowed 70
rsmzin 8 dead letter. This may 10
some extent be due 70 the fact that
the Chinese government l. reported
to have entered 3 f0Ieible protest
against the enforcement CT the mea-
sure- IL any r4te Cleveland i Sc
eusei OF being afraid 10 proceed With
Governor Markham. q
this state IN reply to dispateh from
Secretary Gresham, has seat 5 tsle-
gran TO that official in which he
states thst unless the government
shows q disposition to put Ehe law
into force, he vii not Be responsible
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
calffornia Mfdwfn.er -.

The wo-A q making the miiviuteT
fSir fscs Is progressing with reSSon-
Sble dispatch 7ni everything points q
5 Erest exposition. Notwithstanding
tbs Sho-tnssS q the time LETT 70 com
uls-s il. CASH collections Sre coming IN
freely. the designs for the various
building hSve been Secspted. grading
i IN progress Snd the construction a
the beautiful siiticss viii shortly be-
gin The applications for space. for-
eisu zni domestic. sire SlrsSdy 80 great
s. 70 smbSrrSSS the management Sud
Ii may be found necessary 20 increase
the size o. the buildings. Many O.
the novelties o. the Midway PlSiSSnce
zrs coming snd everything thus fSr
cpsS SwimrninEiv.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Hawaii zf the Fair.

From present Indications the most
/ interesting foreign exhibit Sc the Mid
I winter exposition viii Be thSt which
/ Is 70 be pl3sed in position by Hawaii.
/ SuSce hiss been set aside for this ex-
! hibit Sni Commissioner ThurSton hiss
I sent forward 10 Honolulu sll the de-
/ tSils, - that the exhibit can be inside
/ rsSiy in time Hawaii looks upon
/ this IS her best opportunity for solver
/ Using herself in the eyes OF the world
Her exhibit cSn be loSded into YES
sels 81 Honolulu snd brought direct
70 san Francisco 81 little cost
Ii is Commissioner ThurStoniS in
tention thzt the HSvSiisn exhibit
shall represent not only the products
Sri industries Of the iSlsni. but thst
/ lis historical and folklore shall De
I fully exemplitiei- There viii be rs
tives working ST their occupations
Sri manufacturing Hawaiian srti-
eleS The celebrated Hawaiian bSnd
viii t-S here Sud there viii be native
island music.
NJ. Thurston hSs slreaiy consulted
With the Worlds Fsir authorities
and everything Is in full swing.
The CvciorSmS OF the volcano Al
lsCeS in eruption now ST Chicago i
70 Be put Up here Ii viii be enclosed
in sIxteel-sidei building is feet in
diameter. Then there VIII Dc : per-
feet representation % Sn Hawaiian
yillSEe with the houses o. the natives
arranged slo1E the outer line O. cir
cuiCOCS pSCh Of roadway These
houses viii be frame, covered il with
cocoanUt and palm Leaves th2cchsd by
natives. In the houses the natives
can live. pursuing tie even tenor Of I
tLeiE way. lust s. they do 81 home.
The ci-cuitoIs ru2d viii border = lake I
about Loo feet long S1i 50 wide. On 4
the water there will Be canoes Sni 1
other boats built b. the kznSk2s- 1
Close too, there are 70 be tanks con- 4
tAinilg small sharks. SluI1S, the Hz
Esiizu sti1gsrse and other pets. In 4
cages there VIII &c birds and animals
from the islands The EoFeT gardens
vii Be laid out with plzutS Snd shrubs
from the Sandwich Islands. aud IN
svsry particular The life, customs.
fora zut fz1uS Of Hawaii viii be ex-
li6ired.
The village VII Be one Of the great
81 drawing cards OF the expos ton I
s11 VIII bs 81 insight OF new life 10
nzuy who know the Islands only by
The agricultural Sud hOF-
.icultural products OF the islands viii
BE- exhibited II 3 separate building
fifty feet long and thirJy-dve feet
vide 50 hist visitors 70 the fair m2y
Know what Hawaiian GeIic4cies zre,
here VIII b S restaurant connected
With the vill5ge in which native
fishes only-eOoked by the native
.hsfs-EiIl Be served
Side BY side and II contrast 10 the
azEaiiau yiIlzge there viii be a
ypiczl South Ssa island village. II.
%, vii be inhabited by natives
.Ee-ling IN huts Of their own con
-rIctiou- This village viii b smaller
han the Hawaiian. out viii be hard
; less Interesting. In addition 70
he houses OF the natives there will
z hOls c01fee-house, where this :
Celebrated coffee viii Be connected By
be natives and sold 70 the visitors in ;
be fOrm most appreciated by the
.0Ith Sez islanders. :
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26

abandoned owing 70 fears for the fn-
ture. The correspondent adds, the
Chinese in southern YunnSn and
Quong 81 are preparing to protect
their interests on the Left bank Of the
Me-Kong, Snd that in consequence
the French Sre likely To be placed in
S diSsgreeShle dilemma. The French
commander az ChantSboon has asked
the commander at Saigon for re-en-
focementS, rs his position is unsafe.
De CSSSagnac, Floeuet, Clemenceau
and other notable Frenchmen were
all left ut home 81 the recent French
elections.
The German army has recently held
extensive mSneuverS st Meta and the
emperor has made fiery speech there
greStly to the ruffiing Of French pub
lie opinion.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Spouins.

Count EStetieS the young Austrian
nobleman who married J. T. Hag-
gins daughter, is expected 10 sail for
Honolulu and the South Sea- islands
soon on the schooner yacht De TalnS
which has 4 rowing commission.
John d. Spreckels sailed the Yacht
lsnd cup on the 9th inst, defeating
the schooner Aggie by three minutes
over twenty mile course. The cup
must be won three years in success
sion in order 10 become Spreckels'
property.
Directum, the game son of Director,
trotted S mile in s:07i st Fleetwood
Park on the 9Th giving him the
worlds stallion record. He went 10
the half mile IN l:00l or 2:Ol clip.
but the fast pace killed him for the
finish. Efforts are being msde TO
match him with Nancy Hanks for
$500 side.
0rmonde has reached California,
Snd the $4,000 stallion is now quar-
tered near Menlo Park.
Disblo paced mile st Woodland,
Cal, in race, in s:09I, giving him
the worlds stallion race record. 1t is
thought that he can beat a:O5 against
time.
The Governor of Indiana prevented
the Critic Lavigne fight from coming
of at Roby, aud it is thought that the
Columbian club will, in consequence,
be thing of the past. The governor
had 100 men in readiness TO stop the
mill.
Ed. Smith, OF Denver, who whipped
Joe Goddard. is in San Francisco. He
Is out with s defy" to Corbett.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26

for the consequences Snd that he be
lievsS thst serious trouble will enSue
II the president snisSvorS - nullity
Sn scr a. congreSS- The situation Is
evidently grave, sud whatever horn
q the dilemma Cleveland takes will
set him into difficulties greater than
the present. The outcome i SwSited
with great interest by the whole eouo-
r-V
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Latest Chicago Fad.

Mr.. Stephen King. manager OF
the Kealia plantation, returned
last week By the China from a
lengthy visit to the Worlds Fair.
He wore the latest thing in button
iers-a live chameleon tied with a
gold chain. These are said TO be
all the rage in Chicago. The little
animal sells for 81 there. Mr..
King has perfOrce become an ex-
pert fly catcher, his pet requiring a
number of these per day as food.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
The ChoIerz Scare.

That grim ss1urge choleFa i stiII
causing : great deal OF anxiety and
there VIII 0@ 10 abatement thereof
until cold weather comes There have
been some sporadic cases in jersey
City but they hsve been wiped out
ana the country i now free Of the dis
ease. In England, however, the dis
e2se has established itself, s1d there
zre fears q s serious spread Of the
usscIlence- Il was introduced through
careless regulations OF customs IN the
interest q trade and there i : great
0utery against the cuIprits. TOdzy-s
dispatches ron Hamburg are that the
hospitals ars TOW free from choleEa
uarfeuts-
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Consul Walkers Trfp.

Mr.. 7. R. Walker, British vice
consul, viii leave by the steamer
Miowera. sailing from here on Oc-
tober I'd, for an extended visit to
Canadian and American cities. Mr..
Walker expects to meet Mr.. Thee.
Davies at Vancouver, B. c., on or
about October 10th. Mr.. Davies
viii leave soon after that date for
this city by the way of San Fran
cisco.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
SAX FRANCISCO LETTER
Is.eSr A6rfcsS Per p. n. :. :.
Chizz. September r.

mrs --- san Fz-=e7 C1--e7e73s-s.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Possibility Of More Steamers

4 5iSpztsh from Corvallis Oregon,
dated the st, says Il ! stated here
thzt the Oregon PSeific rSilruSi Is TO
put On r=o steamships between vs.
gEinS and HO1olulU- The steamers
Sill uC- be lsSs thsn 9AAl tons ezpG-
city With co.o1 passenger Sccommoiz-
lions The Officers Of the Oregon
PScl6c v-iil sSy nothing On the sub
5ecc beyond tie statement thzc moth
I1- = impossible lCw-S-lizvS
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26

and the Adams, SlusSiy in Honolulu,
viii make s feet q seven vessels, The
moral effect - the presence a these
vessels. together with the Svovsd
purpose q the United States 70 protect
The new government when formally
established. viii. IL : believed, be
sufficient 70 guarantee peSesiui Snd
tSir election
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
HaKaff,s Neg Consul.

WASHINGTON, September 9.-The
senate today confirmed the nomin-
alton of Ellis Mills of Virginia to
be consul-general at Honolulu, vice
Henry W. Severance, recalled.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1893-09-26
Foreign News.

Inc revolt il Brazil still continues,
but those % the revoIters in the navy
aEe in hard straits. They are not al
lowed by foreign gUnbOas 10 lombard
Rio Janeir0, and are now hemmed in
the hsrb0r By the guns OF the govern
meut forts Il Is expected that they
viii be compelled 10 surrender short
i. The trouble in the country has
not been settled, but the government
seems 70 hold the wiRRing hand. The
president has been asked TO resign
but declines 10 do 50 while the coun-
IN l. IN such 8 condition.
Il i reported that there Is : great
plot II Russia among the nihilists to
murder the car, aud that many ar
reSts Of suspected persons have been
made
The home rule bill passed the house
Of commons on the ID BY 3 majority
OF thirty four II was called I'D in the
house OF l0nis on the Sth inst and
beaten By 8 vote OF Is 70 4. What
the next move OF GIadstoneis Will be
remains TO Be seen.
4 dispsteh 10 the London Times
from Bangkok says that Graf Britain
hss lost her prestige in the east BE-
cSuse Of her pzssiveDess IN con-
neetiOl with the Freneh-Siamese
question Important British enter
prises Al Bangkok, II says, are being
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1893-03-05

o'clock and it occupied twenty-five min
utes.
TAKING THE OATH OF OFFICE.
At the conclusion Of his remarks, Mr..
Cleveland turned around II the chief justice
who was att.red in the robe OF his office, 10
take the oath, prescribed by the constiJu-
ton. Chief Justice Fuller and the other
persons near TO the President removed their
hats and with barred heads listened TO the
taking Of the oath, which was pronounced
by Chief Justice Fuller in a clear
voice and Mr.. Cleveland asserting to
1t by bowling his head end kissing the Bible.
Tbs oath taken by the Pres dent is what is
known as the constitutional oath and roads
as follows: II do solemnly swear that L
will faithfully execute the Office OF Presi-
dent Of the United States and will to the
best Of my ability preserve, protect and
defend the constitution Of the United
States
The Bible used in the ceremony was given
President Cleveland by his mother forty
nine years ago. By his special request it
was eight years ago put to the same service
for which it " as used to-day.
After the inaugural ceremonies were over
the Senate returned TO its chamber. A
committee was ordered 20 wait on the
President and to inform him that the SEN
ate was organized. Messrs. Blackburn and
Allison were appointed as such committee,
and at 2 10 O'clock, the Senate adjourned
until Monday at noon.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1893-03-05
HARRISON LEAV IS FOR HOME.

The Ex- President aud His Family GO
to indianapolis.
WASHINGTON, March 4-Shortly after
noon Col. Lamont drove over to the white
house from the Arlington hotel with Col.
Crook, financial officer OF the executive
mansion, and was welcomed in the lower
corridor by Mr.. aud Mrs. Mckee. He
brought with him his two girls and BABY
Ruth with her nurse. The little
folks took possession of the room
Baby Ruth held quite levee,
being visited by all the attaches who re-
meined in the house. Col. Lamont was
followed in few minutes by Mr.. Thurber,
the new private secretary, and the Two
were soon engaged in a conference over the
duties of the Office in the room recently oc-
cupied by their respective successor ana
predecessor. Maj. Halford. All the old en-
plnyes thronged about the colonel to well
come him back. He was very popular WITH
them oil In President Cleyeland's first ad-
ministratiou.
HARRIsoN's DEPARTURE.
Ex-President Harrison left Washington
for Indianapolis on a special train over tne
Pennsylvania railroad at 4:05 O'Clock TINS
afternoon. He was accompanied to tae
station by Acting Secretary Of State Whar-
ton, Secretaries Foster of the treasury,
Noble, Elkins, Tracy, Rusk, Postmaster
General Wauemsker and Attorney GeneraI
Miller. The ex-Presidents immedlate
party comprised Mr.. and MIS-
Mckee. their children, BelJa-
min and Mary Mckee, Lieut.. Parker
and Assistant Private Secretary libootV'
Postmaster General Wenamaker and mar
shall hansdell. George f. Boyd, assistant pas
senger agent Of the Pennsylvania raiiroau'
was in charge of the train and will accom-
pany the ex-President to Indianapolis. as
they reached the Baltimore ard PotoLnao
station by the private entrance for the pun
pose Of avoiding the crowd which cohSre
gated 10 the depot, there was no denonr
stratioa, as few VINO saw the distinguishes
party recognized them.