Lincoln County leader. [volume] (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987, 1893-07-06
FARM AND GARDEN.
Utilize Dead Leaves, COrnstalks
and All Rubbish.
STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER,
The Safest Investment That a Man
Can Make is to Buy Good
Real Estate-Etc.

We do not believe in root-pruning for
the corn crop. As the roots develop the
cultivation should be more and more
shallow until at the last it consists in
merely stirring the surface soil.
Dead leaves, cornstalks and all rubbish
which will decay may be disposed of bet.
ter than by burning. This by making
into compost heap, which in future
value to the gardener will repay all the
labor that you put upon it.
The first spring work consists of the
very important matter of " clearing up"
Don't begin anything else until you have
cleared up the entire premises and freed
them from the unsightly accumulations
always disclosed by winters departure.
The corn crop must make its growth
in comparatively brief time. See then
that you help it to the utmost by careful
and clean cultivation. Unless it is en-
abled to improve each shining hour, you
cannot hope for crop that will fill the
granary.
A man who permits fence rows to har-
Dor weeds cannot maintain reputation
as good farmer. 1t either proves that
he is very slack in his methods or that
the farm does not pay well enough to al
low putting any labor upon such use
less (?) accessories.
There is little time in early summer
when even the best farmers are apt to
get rushed, because the weeds grow so
fast. Rather than let them get ahead of
you it will pay to hire extra help for
awhile. The crops will be enough better
to pay the expense.
There is no piece of land upon the
farm but that can be put to some profit
it to good flock OF sheep. If you don't
fancy that, plant it with forest trees.
Don't let it remain idle, for then it is a
tax and not gain to own it.
About the safest investment that
man can make is to buy good real estate.
This is particularly SO if the land is pro-
ductive and not idle. For this reason
farms are good investments, and farmers
should not be anxious to sell out, even if
they do have poor year or two.
In discussing the question of good
roads not enough attention is paid to the
methods OF preserving them after they
are made. Wide tires on the wagons are
important to this end. In France, where
they have the best roads in the world,
four-inch to six-inch tires are common.
If you practice level cultivation with
the potato crop, you will simplify your
labor and follow sensible method. In
level culture everything but the digging
is easier, and this is not so difficult as to
be an objection. One Of the best pre-
ventives of mildew on plants is pow
dered lime. 1t should be busted over
them when wet with dew or just after a
rain and repeated as often as necessary.
1t is a good check for potato-vine disease.
PERFECT BUTTER AT ONE OPERATION.
If little skill is developed in making,
washing, sailing, working and packing
butter at one operation, the results are
quite satisfactory. John Gould describes
his process as follows: "Taking slightly
acid. cream, put it in a revolving churn,
and churn it until it begins to show
| signs OF breaking, when little weak
| brine should be added to the cream to
assist in the separation. When the but
ter grains are the size of small shot and
before taking out any buttermilk add
two-thirds as much cold water as there
is butter, etc., in the churn. Aeitate a
little, draw off this diluted fluid and re-
| peat until the water comes clear. Then
let it drain in a churn for short time,
and then add the salt by the use of
little wooden fork. Let the butter re-
main undisturbed for half hour, when
| the cover is put on and the churn slowly
revolved for five or more minutes. Then
take this fork and break up the butter
balls that have formed in the churn, and
llberate the buttermilk inside of them.
Then rechurn, and at the conclusion of
the operation pack the butter into the
little pals by adding pound or so at
time, turning off the moisture each time
until the pail is full. Then cover the
top with cloth wet in some of the brine
that came from the churn, and sprinkle
on dry salt and put on cover; and, if the
butter cannot be sold that day, put it in
as cool place as possible, and sell at the
tlrst opportunity, not that it must be,
but the great damage TO the butter mar
ket is in the producers holding their but
ter Tor some reason until it has lost its
fine flavor"
STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER.
This insect attacks the leaves of the
strawberry, drawing together the two
halves OF leaf with web; then the in
closed upper surface is eaten away SO
that it withers and turns brown. Some
times all the foliage is DESTROYED, and
even the plants are killed. This is one
OF the most destructive OF the straw berry
insects. The larvae is little more than
one-third OF an inch long, in color from
a yellowish brown to dark green. The
Iarya changes to a pupa within the folded
leaf late in June, being about one-ffth
inch in length and pale brown in color.
The moths emerge early in July, and
measure nearly one-half an inch across
the expanded wings. They are reddish
brown. Eggs for the second brood OF
larvae are deposited late in July, and the
larvae feed in the folded leaf the same as
those OF the first brood. They become
tull grown in September, when they
change to the pupe in the leaves and in
TINS state remain during the winter,
emerging as moths in spring. In South
ern Illinois there are three broods. The
second brood of Larvae may be reduced
IN number by spraying the leaves of the
strawberries with arsenical poisons or
powdered hellebore at the time the
Young Larvae are appearing and before
the leaves are folded; but better way
10 destroy this pest is to NOV the field
alter the crop Of berries is off, and after
letting II stand few DAYS to dry burn ii
over, adding straw where the leaves are
lew IN order that it may be thoroughly
burned: This will not iniure the plants,
and wi efectually destroy, Tho Iaaf rnIIer.