davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

page during the past year. Owing to the
interest which farmers have manifested
on this subject and an unusual demand
for bulletin No. 81, the Michigan station
decided to publish . third edition with
some improved methods which have been
found advantageous. In this edition the
sen or hot water treatment of the seed:
Have kettle in which to heat the watet
quite hot, say 165 degrees Near this ket-
tie place . barrel in which to treat the
seed. If sunk partly in the ground, it
will be more convenient for use. Fill the
barrel about half full Of hot water from
the kettle and keep the temperature at the
desired height by adding cold or hot alter.
The water should be At 135 degrees when
the wheat or oats are pu; into il. Allow
the grain to remain in the water FIVE min
utes and keep the temperature above 100
degrees. Keep il As near lS4 degrees As
possible. To dip the seed, place about q
bushei in . gunny sack and fasten this
sack to one end Of Q long pole used as q
lever hung across . notched post Keep
the seed moving all the time while in the
hot water. After taking oats ont of the
barrel of hot water 1t is best 10 throw cold
water over them to cool them OF, and then
let them stand and drain for two or three
hours, when they may b sown broadcast.
Wheat dries much more readily. As both
grams will be considerably swollen after
their treatment. il 10 we'll 70 regulate the
drill to feed from one to two pecks per
acre more than with dry Sod.
In the eccoupauying cut the central
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
BATTLE WITH BURGLARS.


In O0kIo00s
OAKLAND. March 1l.-At 8 o'clock this
morning Special Officers William Cashin
aud George Ely discovered two burglars in
Auhnle's saloon on Seventh street. The
ocioers ordered the burglars to surrender,
when tho latter opened fire, shooting
tashin through the stomach and probably
fatally wounding him. Ely returned the
burglars fire, and shot one dead and
wounded another.
The officers were standing on the oppo-
ste SIDE of the street, when they noticed
ahght In Kuhn.e's saloon. The officers
crossed the street and Cash;n entered the
ssioon. revolver in hand. He saw q man
hext the bar and fired at him without
sneet The burglar returned the fire.
,aoossng Cashin in the stomach. Cashin
cropped and Ely appeared in the door
way. The robber rushed past him and
h'y shot him dead. The man died
instantly and fell on his face in the street
""a hts revolver grasped in his right
aAAd While Ely was shooting this burg
az as companion escaped through . rear
widow. The dead burglar was identified
john Gilmore. an ex-couvict, recently
discharged from Folsom PRISON, where he
srsed term for burgl airy.
tievious 10 entering kuhnie's saloon
'ae burglars had broken into the Point
'AsAI market, on Seventh street, where
~e! cid not secure anything. They then
sa'esed Eileen & Noes grocery store on
sehsh street, where they robbed the till
.a Dew open the safe. They secured but
.e" dollars. \ trail Of blood was dis
covered In the direction in which tie ss-
capped burglar lied.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

UnlVereity OF Ill1nois Alumni Meeting.
A very enjoyable annual meeting Of the
former students OF the University Of ILL.,
nois (located at Champaign was last even.
ing held at the Hotel Tacoma in the city
Of Tacoma or the former students Of that
college there are within the limits Of the
Puget Sound Association forty-seven mem.
bers, and happy time was had At this
BANQUET; many pleasant recollections of
the former days were recalled. Those
II c. Es,ep, seattle: Dr.. VIII r Oliver. wana,
Wash; A. Z. starr. Portland; Miss Jessie
Estep, Seattle; James Boutwell,, Seattle: Mr..
and NrA H. h slauson. Seattle: George W. Bull
lard, Tacoma; Benjamin +. Billiard. Tacoma;
Hon. Henry Drum and wife, Tacoma; Mr. and
Mrs. c. +. Bogardus, Seattle: Mr.. and Ara r J.
Davis, Tacoma: J. Edward LILY. Mr.. and Mrs. c.
H. Lily, Seattle: II. L Reynolds. Seattle; s
Foster Billiard, Tscoma, and Robert G. Walker.
Tacoma; also Judge and MrA Langley and M.
and Mira J. J. Bogardus. were In attendance
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
CONDENSED DISPATCHES.

Dispatches from Buenos Ayres cay that the
political situation there 10 strained and the gov
eminent 10 strongly condemned
sam steele. le-year-old nephew OF Judge g.
McFis of the supreme court OF New Mexico.
was shot and killed by John Rarsf, cowboy.
near Las cruces. n. NJ. March 10
Coz G4 W. Stevenson, OF Meridian, Miss., has
Just made . tip over the cyclone-dsvastated
country and reports . dsplora bic stale o. afiairs-
Relief 10 being sent the people Of the district
Two hundred plas.erers at work on the
Worlds fair buildings struck for an increase OF
wages March 9. giving ~ . reason the extra ex-
rense en;aiied for Importation TO and from
the grounds and the increased cost o. living in
the city
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
LEGAL NOTICES.

DEcEIyER's SALON MONDAY. 18TH
II March. as 10 o'clock. will sell BY public euO.
lion in the alley between Front aud West stseses,
a. the rear Of the Coinan block, leading from
Columbia street, the following described machin-
cry: l Mosler- Bowen safe. II. Il. smith sash
st!ckeP Chicago sash routing machine. ChicaxO
pulley stiie machine. Carey combination saw.
Huston 9-inch mo1ider. Huston finch moulder.
band saw, pony p'snef. swing cutoff saw. Q dfop
hangers. z pos, bangera band sawA ~ fec
heads, z cope heads 2 pair 26-inch plansr kuives
pair 24inch piauer knives, 10 bench screwa. Is
puiIeys EklcK ULiN Jr.. Receiver
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
Tried to Cren,ats Herself.

SAcRAMENro. March 11.-Early this
morning q French woman named Mime.
A. Coblyn. who roomed in q large lodging
house, poured two gallons Of coal oil over
her mattress and bedclothes, laid down on
them and set them on fire. The dodgers,
aroused by the smoke. rushed into tho
room and found the woman was still alive,
though horribly burned. She will un-
doubtedly die. The woman was craxed by
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

A common but ill-advised plan is max
ing gravel walks in front of the house with
pounded stone and gravel placed hap
hazard without any thought about the
effects Of time and wear. Soon. however,
the pieces Of broken stones keep working
up on top Of the gravel. Fig. represents
. cross section of portion of such rock.
the stones below and the grsyel above.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
COUNT NOTTOEs.

COUNTY TREAsURERs NOTICE - THU
W county treasurer OF King county. WnGh VII
ray on presentation on and after March - 10e3.
al warrants drawn On school fund Of dlanlD1 Ma
issued July a. 1892. SO intessst via - peSd =
such wasrauep affer March 10, 1884
BYRON PHELPS. County 1reaGMeA
0ooo1 March q 1854
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
An Insol ent British Minister.

BooorA, Colombia, March lin . lead
ing editorial . local paper charges the
British minister with making himself
personally unpopular by frequent and
wanton insults to Colombians of all
classes. In several instances these insults
have been followed by the striking of
bloVa
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

figure shows large smutted head, the
husks Of which arc only partly destroyed
by smut. Fig. represents fully smutted
head, while Fig. 3 shows . smutted head
at hArvesf TINA
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

carr. A secret conference Of the brother.
mood was held with Chief Arthur this
afternoon IN regard 70 . boycott Of the
Ann Afbor road.
The o@cials Of the roads to which the
Ann Arbor 10 delivering freight are re-
ucent and evsde the statement by saving
that the high water and RAINY weather
gives them al they can do to take care Of
their own business.
CLEvELAED. March 1I-Alexander ].
Smith. general counsel for the Toledo. Ann
Arbor Northern Michigan railroad. ap.
peared before Circuit Judge Picks here to-
night and was granted mandatory injunc-
tons against ell railways centerine in To.
iedo, to prevent their refusing to accept
freight from the Ann Arbor road. The
inJunctions will b served Monday morn.
ing. 1ney are against the railroad COM
panies and also their employee
CHICAGO March 1.-THE switchmen
employed on the Chicago q Eastern ILL
nois road stopped work this afternoon ct
land returned to work ut 7:00. It IL not
exactly strike. but . misunderstanding.
President Carpenter. Of the road, issued
mis- refusal 70 demand for an increase in
wages and insisted that the men must in
form him By 5 o'clock this evening whether
or not they intended to remain with the
road. Failure 20 send in an answer
meant discharge. Before 6o'clock, however,
vice Grand Master Downey had . confer.
encs With President Carpenter which re-
suited In IN agreement to . truce till
wednesday next Downey neglected to
notify the men and when 5 O'Clock came
they quit. When matters were explained
1t was too late to get the day force back,
but the night crew went on duty at tho
usual time. On other roads the situation
remains UNCHANGED.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

PHILADELPHIA, March 11.-Seth B. Stitt
and John F. Bottomley, individually. and
8. B. Stitt & Co., WOODEN merchants. have
assigned. The assignment is regarded
generally as the result of over-production,
depressed sales and heavy credits, which
an active trade would overcome. There is
no apprehension of any other concerns
being involved by the failure of the firm.
The firm was rated at 81, 000, 900. and the
failure causes great surprise.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
~"iEF ARTHUR DECLARES STRIFE.
Afoor Road L naer the kan-Engf.

he~fs Refuse to Handle Cara.
AoLfno. March 1.-THE strike situation
- 'he Ann Arhor railroad is unchanged.
,ae engineers on the Wheeling & Lake
.rle. shore. Grand Trunk. Ohio Central
s PROBABLY other roads have been noti-
ea os 'hief Arthur tina, legal strike"
Ia progress on the Ann Arbor. and they
'esoss refuse 10 handle any Ann Asbor
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

10 no, despair OF curing your s,ck headache
when Won can 90 easily obtain Cartef's Little
LAYER Hila They will eject prompt and PER
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
Delesssss 20 the Congress.

BoIsR, Idaho, March u.-Gov. Neon
nell today appointed ten delegates to the
trans Mississippi congress, which il 70 con-
vana in Ogden. April p
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
Directions for the Jensen or Hot water
Treatment Of the Seed.

Bulletins on the subject of smut In oats
and wheat have been published by the de-
partment of agriculture at Washington
City (farmers' bulletin No. 81 and by
Michigan station No. 81; also BY other
state stations. The remedies which have
been found successful for the prevention
of the disease have been described ON this
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

Axnio1so HAST Be In Place By Moy !.
SALEN. Or, March flowing to the
near approach Of the date for the opening
1.-THE Worlds Columbian exposition, Ore
CONS Worlds fair commission was uncer.
tam - to whether Oregon could get her
exhibits together and send them to
Chicago in time for the opening day. Sec
rotary Irvine autographed to the director
general to learn the latest dates upon
which exhibits would b received in the
different departments, and this reply to
the telegraphic inquiry came today:
"The exposition Il required to b open May I,
ana everything must b In readiness By that
time. Chiefs Of the departments and the presi-
dent OF the board Of managers must have salts
factory assurance on or before April 10 that the
space will Be- properly occupied. and II that a.
surancs 70 given. time will b extended to -
near the day of opening - possible"
This Information was reassuring, and
lett no doubt that Oregon could be prop
srly represented in every department in
which she expected to make entries.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

A food for the healthy-Cudahy's "RsI"
Brand Extract Of Beef. A drink for the
sickly - Cudahy's Rex" Brand Fluid
Beef
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

ST.. LOUIS. March 1.-THE Globe Demo-
ordt this morning says: Archbishop Sa-
tolli will 60 to Lincoln, Neb., Immediately
after Easter. and the object Of his mission
is now for the first time made public. His
visit. it can DO authoritatively stated. Of.
fects tho removal Of Bishop Thomas
Bonacum. The Globe Democrat last week
intimated that . movement was on foot to
transfer Bishop Bonacum to Cheyenne.
Wyo.. and this disadection of several
years standing has eliminated in .
priests petition. which reached Mgr. Sa-
tolli this week. It is this document that
prompted him to make the Western tour.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
60 m2
mZ Zll{'I2'lS{Iym
0ooB SECTIONS or CRAWL AND STONE
WAIKx

In process of time frost and treadinR FIRST
loosen the gravel and then the stones, the
points of which, working upward. present
the appearance represented in Fig. 2 A
specifically constructed walk will b sure
to reach this condition in . few years If
much used.
This state Of affairs may Be prevented,
says Country Gentleman. By initiating the
telford road, cross section Of which Is
represented BY Fig. 5. the stone being Get
on edge with the larger or blunter ends
down and tho points upward. Fine
broken stone placed on this bed, being
rammed in between the stones, wedge the
whole into . firm and solid mass, and
every vehicle which passes over it serves to
make Il all the frmer.
Milking Stool.
Here Is . sketch Of Minnesota farmers
milking stool. which is described - fol-
lows IN Farm and Home: The legs are IL
inches high, and stool 12x14 inches. with q
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12

shelf for the pail ska. 1t is made from
common boards. A slot about an inch
and a-half wide and 8 to 10 inches long in
the seat serves as Q handle. With this it
10 not necessary to squeeze the pail be-
tween the legs, which need rest after fol.
lowing the team oil day.
Minister and Mra. Robert 7. Lincoln dinod
with Her Majesty Queen Victoria on Saturday.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
British Steamer Wells City wrecked

NEW YoRK, March 1.-THE British
steamer Wells City. Capt. Savage. which
sailed from Bristol February q and set to
sea on the sd, went ashore in dense fog,
broadside on, 1t Seabright, n. J., this
evening. Upon the arrival of the life
saving crews life lines were Immediately
thrown over the vessel, but only one was
made secure, and BY means Of this and
breeches buoys fourteen Of the crew were
landed. Eighteen Of the crew still re-.
manned on board. It required but few
minutes to get . shore line out to the
steamer and in an hour the entire crew
was landed. It IL doubtful if the ship can
be saved.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-03-12
NOTICE TO CONTRA CTORS.

NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS NOTICE ~
IN hereby given that sealed bids will be received
by the board Of commissioners Of King county
until o'clock p IN. Monday, March 20. 1893, fnr
the clearing. grabbing. grading and necessary
bridging OF the county road numbered SAT, and
generally known the John w. Denny road, ex-
tending from the quarter post on the south line OF
section 81, township 70 north. range east. ana
running north on the half section line to niersec-
ton with the snohomish telegraph road. which
point IL 1913 feet north Of the center OF section 20.
same township and range. having total length Of
one mile and 1888 feet
Work to be done according to specific atoms, one
copy Of which Is on file in the county auditors
Office and ono copy In the county surveyors Of
dce, over Puget Sound savings bank.
bond In double the amount Of the cOntfart
price will be required conditioned upon the pay
ment Of labor and material claims and the com.
pletion Of the contract
A certified cheek Of 800 Tor currency coinD
must accom- pany each bid, to be forfeited TO King
county by the successful bidder n bo fails To
enter into contract with good and sufficient bonds
within We days Of date OF award
BIDS should name . lump sum for the clearing,
Rrubbing and grading and price per ~ board
measure for cnive-ts and bridges
The board reserves the right 70 reJecs any and ~
bids. r. A. TWIEHSLk
County Auditor and ex-omeio Clerk Of the Board
Of County Commissioner
Dated ~ seattle March 2. 1893.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1893-02-16
A New Factory.

The William, Douglass Harvester
Company Is the latest enterprise start
ed in our city. The company has a
charter from the state and commences
business with $1,000 paid up capital.
The stockholders are VIM. Douglass,
H. w. Freeman, Il. B. Cabbell, q. B.
Lewis, A. NJ Thomas, Joseph /. AL
len, j. W. Hawkins, Nj. A. Warning,
j. Il. Harrison, b. f, Foster, j. Yer
nella, E Nj. eileen. p. N. Sexton, S.
VerneIla, Shelton, james and William
HENDERSON. The company is COM
posed entirely of colored men, resi-
dents of Topeka, Phillips county and
other parts of the state. The COM
pany will build and sell the Douglass
Automatic Straw and Grain Binder
The directors for the first year are j.
W, Hawkins, }. L. Harrison, }. S, AL
len, A. NJ Thomas, and M. A. Warn
ing, of Topeka, Il. b. CabbeA, Of
Pratt. aud Fl. w. Freeman, of Brad
ford. Mr. Douglass informs the HRR-
AID that the machines will be put up
at this place and given thorough
test, after which factory will be
erected, the capital enlarged and
manufacturing upon a large scale
commenced. Just where the factory
will be located has not been determ-
ined upon.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1893-02-16

The festival at the court house
Monday under the auspices OF the
Christian church, was attended by a
very large crowd. The cash results
were very gratifying TO those In
charge.
Nothing is so distressing as a
hacking cough Nothing SO foolish
as to suffer from 1t, Nothing so dang
erous il allowed to continue. One
Minute Cough Cure gives immediate
relief Fisher a. Co.
What is the matter with our
prosperity newspapers? The Dis
patch threatens to sue delinquent
subscribers and the Smith Centre
Pioneer Bulletin has gone back to
ready prints.
will McClusky and Miss Anna
Glenski we're married at the residence
of Ed Fenwick at Denver, on last
Sunday afternoon. The newly we'd
ded pair are keeping house in our
city. Mr.. McClusky has many friends
in this neighborhood, from whom he
is receiving the heartiest congratula-
tions.
DO you take the Kansas F'drmerf
Why not? Every farmer, stock breed
err, orchardist, dairyman, gardener,
poultryman, their wives, and the boys
and girls, will find it full Of helpful
information. 1t is practical, honest,
able; it is adapted especially to Kan
sas; it comes every week in the year,
with sixteen or twenty pages of very
valuable information. Sample will
be sent free, if you send postal card
request to KANSAS FARMER 20,
Topeka, Kas.
Mr.. j. N. Snyder, who returned
from two months visit in Iowa, H.
linois, Michigan and New York the
first Of the week, bringing with him a
new bride, does not give a very fiat
tering account of the times back
there, and especially in New York
state. In fact he says in every sec
ton visited east of Chicago the com
plant is hard times, and that appear
ances generally indicate the situation.
-BelleUjlle Telescope.
Mr.. Snyder is well known here, be-
ing relative to B. j. Garberson and
Frank Shaw.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1893-02-16


ALI winter goods at at cost Bick-
~
Mrs. Wilcox of Hill City, visited
Mrs. A. w. Robertson last week.
$4,000 to loan one man on real
estate security. See Mckay 81 Lowe.
~, -.
turned from visit in Missouri. He
reports very cold weather.
-. A. ,,
place-H. Michalisky, south of the
Bissell House.
cu.4.a
minister, is at home in the Dan Smith
house.
u.4 ~.
-Cash is tue pass wore 'naU le.s
store.
,r
Il n. Wlnship is having COM
plete, system OF PLUMBING put lhto MS
new house
! iJ iies Oh PeoPie 1 nave PICS p9I
De W I " 1, !1Gu A - T '"i'o WIZ
cure 'nonl' HlSner " 70
G A. Spauldng is confined to
his room with n severe attack of
~ y '''''''''
-Maxson's e. Mellen's is headquar-
ters for groceries. Best stock and
lowest prices in the city.
Wy -,
~ "A; parliaru anu II " o ,y
day.
ii you want TO nGy iWrm see
Mckay " Lowe: Ihey VIII MAKE MAKE
you prices ana give you terms tn"'
Will suit YOU
II T Fropcb bae natontad q ma
oh;oo for onttin~ rva ont If wheat
r. 10 w n wv man nower and is 10
b hc 10 ns oI for tho rnrnose Indicated inst
$500 "noN tbo n,hodt ;s bood;ng ont
''i''o 'D0 " -'N''
W IT Nolson has purchased Mr..
Rovce,s interest in the Smith Centre
! Pi3neer- Bulletin and will return to
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1893-02-16

The HERALD was shown by Will
liam Blssell a mortgage owned in
Hartford, Conn, bearing this endorse
ment:
''No. S2,912. This chose in action
mortgage is hereby exempted from
all taxation in Connecticut for the
period of one year from and after the
date hereof"
The endorsement Is signed by the
treasurer. So it seems that in Con-
necticut mortgages are listed but ex-
empted from taxation. Many people
in thus section think that if the same
plan was in vogue here interest rates
would be lower.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1893-02-16

We have the finest line of clothing
in northwest Kansas.
H. MTcHALIsKY,
Yes Cummings and Frank Smith
are in Chicago with car load of
horses.
Closing out at a sacrifice dry
goods and clothing, hats, caps, etc,
at H. Michalisky's, south of the Bis
sell House.
--Alonzo Beedy of Agra, has a trial
before Justice Hayes of that town, on
Friday next charged with bootleg
ging.
Remember William Bissell has
money to loan on good farm prop
erty, payable IN IaaCfm money! of the
United States. No gold bug in it.
The township has ordered a road
grader for use upon the roads. When
it arrives test will be made to which
all road overseers will be invited.
See Mckay & Lowe and buy you
a farm before the raise, for it is surely
coming to that point. Don't delay,
but get the benefit of the raise in
value by buying early.
Prof. Riste was unable to con-
duct his classes at sceool yesterday
on account of sickness. SLpenntend-
emit Smith had charge of the school
for the day.
Headache is the direct result OF
indigestion ard stomach disorders.
Remedy these by using De Wits
Little Early Risers, and your head
ache disappears. The favorite little
pills everywhere. Fisher & Go.
DR.. Houck has purchased the
Denison house, which stands just
north of George Meldrum's, and will
move icon to his lots in the east part
of the city and fit 1t up for a resi-
dence.
Quite number of shetland pom
les have been purchased in our city
during the past week, Geo. Spauld
ing getting four, G, j. Fleming two
Z. F. Horns one, and Henry Daun
one. Mr.. Spaulding IS about to en-
gage IN shetland raising and has nov
herd of five.