The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1893-01-11

Is 3Wlndlny elsc now can an lnuu-Lty
that WAS not known to the census Of 1920
rival one that existed from the time Of
Cain? Let Us see what this means. In
primitive civilizations goods and effects
are moved or ,he backs and heads OF
persons. The introduction of draught
animals was Il vast Stride forward. But
when, through differentiation, one class
of bread winners undertake to do all the
hauling fer others il does not follow
that the rest are swindled although the
census does not "show up" on she right
side"
l have copy of a letter written in
1914 By Capt. Samuel Johnson, Of
Winnsboro, S. c., to she Hoa. David r.
Evans, member of Congress from the
same place, then in Washington. The
em mbargo hard shut up cotton in the inte-
rior towas, and there was a glut of it.
Mr.. Evans is asked to 90 out and see
some factor or merchant in Washington
or Philadelphia and try to cell him about
two hundred and fifty bales for Captain
Johnson. But the buyer must send
down his wagons for the cotton, as all
the wagons about Winnsbsro ere already
engaged. An old citizen of Winnsbolo,
Mr.. ]. NJ. Elliott distinctly remembers
seeing Mr. Adger and others starting
from Winnsboro, in wagons, hauling
cotton to Philadelphia. At that tinae
shese mules AID wagons were estimated
as part OF farm values. Since then the
railroad has made lis appearance, and
farmers no longer are required to keep
horses and wagons to haul their crops 10
seagorts. The property thus invested
has gone into another category, that of
Trade and transportation" and is cited
as an instance of inj ustise to the farmer.
Ouce, indeed. the sons of those old farm
ers hauled goods from Wipnsboro in
wagons-when the close OF the var left
the railroad destroyed. They were quite
willing to transfer the capital invested
in teams into something else rs scon as
the railroad was running again.
In the war Of 1912 the price of cetton
varied at least twenty cents a pound be-
tween Wiunsboro. S. c., and Phila
delphia This difference was swallowed
up in the mire aud mud of the dirt
roads. Il did nobody any good. Now,
since 70 much capital engaged il trans.
porta,ion il transferred to the other side,
the difference in price ia not more than
cent. This should not be accounted a
wrong to the farmer Of the same ma
ture is the investment of capita! in the
telegraph, in banks end in other devices
by means OF which the farmer can be
made eognlIsnt of prices all over tine
world aud may send and receive money
from all quarters at a minimum cost
One other case may be cited. Is it 8
wrong that great sewing machine facto-
ries have sprung up, transferring capital,
it is true, tronl the fa,m, but enabling
one woman to do tho work of dozen?
Tue mother OF the family is emanci patee
from grisdiug slavery. Her machine
is valued at forty dollars, while the wo
man Get free does not appear iu the dol"
lars and cents columns Of the ceneuI. 1t
may be remsrsed that the introduction
of labor saving machinery in any indus
try moi only helps it, but also aids other
industries, by allowing opportunity for
the introduction Of abundant manual
labor where machinery oaanot be intro
dueed. These are instances of the bese
icial effects to the farmer of ditlcrentia.
ton.
Now let ur consider some of his dissd-
vantages
Smaller returns ara required from
those processes into which fixed capital
enters. Where all the operations are
performed by manual labor, an expendi.
ture of one thousand dollars must sll be
paid back with profit at every process,
whereas if i've hundred dollars have
been invested in macnine and five
hundred dollars in wages and material,
it is necessary to return only five hun
deed dollars gitt o profit and enough
more to pay for wear and tear of machin-
cry. As the farmers expenses are
largely tor wages and materials, his gre IS
proceeds must be larger in proportion
| than those frnm manufactures.
Possibly The r,cst serious drawback to
the small f'rmpr of The Sauih Atlantic
coast ars,. irnm the law of diminishing
returns from land. The soil of most of
the older Sihres long sgo lost its original
powers. Farms at present productive
nave bsen puii up by application OF
capital and labor They yield not eco
nomic rent, but profit from capital, and
therefore returns from them must be di-
vided between the original investment
and the special application Ior the i'm
mediate crop The difference is the same
as that between finding barn already
built and building one. Yszo bottoms
and Red River lands need only to be
ticled to smile with such abundant crops
that the problem ID to gather them.
Caroliua uplauds must be TILED and fer
tlizad and feriiized again, and the aver
age yield is bale to three acres. No
legislation will equalze this natural diff
ference.
*
But The most important tactor in this
problem seems not to have heen properly
considered in discussion Of this subject.
1t is what may be called the Fixed
Charge of the Family. "a poor man
for children" runs the old Adage. These