davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-12-02

variety Of shade trees ADD hover.
Among other trees are the box elder,
cottonwood, poplar, p.alfai silver maple
aud wild lOrust-all natives OF the
territory, though not a. common a. tile
OAK, Of which there Hre about i've OF
six varieties, the hickory, thv pecan,
etc.
The indian Territory, which lies
west OF Arkansas, AMI between Kan
Hga and rexA., was a portion Of the
Louisiana purchase, and wa, set apart
for the Colonization OF peaceful inuiau
tribes. There is no territorial govern.
mnnt, each tribe or nation having the
management Of It's own uilaira. Odla.
hUmA In tract VI lana which wa
ueded To the Unltej States hy the
Creeks aud 5eminules iu 1885 TO DO
FUSED ne homes Tor tuch other civilized
Indians rs the United States may
choose to settle thereUu.v iulSsg tbls
tract was thrown open fJt settlement
by the whites, aud was tue signal i0r
n rush cfbettiUie such IA had never been
previously known. OUhur tracts nave
been since thrown open to settlers snd
added to Oklahoma, until now IL N
large enough nud has a population en-
titling II to statehood. II was situated
In the northern portion u tAe territory,
The i've civilized tribes--C Cherokee,
ChOclaw, ChiCkasaw, Creek ami Sent.
Dole-0ccupy the eastern anu southern
portions OF the territory, while the
semi-Civilizud tribos-Osages, Choy.
ennoi, AfapahOrs, COmanchu5,
Apache, Pawuees, KiogAs aad other
smaller tribes occupy ths west anu
north. THESE tribes have been taken
from their former locations aud placed
here by the United States government.
The first account we have OF the
CherOkeos Is that In the year 1929 they
were located In Virginia, from when
place they were Afterwards driven by
the NlTgiuians and forced 30 retreat to
the Holstsn river. Tho early ChefO.
KEGS claimed blood relationship with
the Powhattaus, and tholr claim IL
well grounded, Judging from the great
similarity In their customs aud ohafnc.
teristics. The residences Of the Cher0.
KEGS on the Holster river was OF short
duration, for thoy were attacked by
the tribes from tbs north anu driven
TO the Little Tennessee, whore they
again settled down anu established
themselves permanently. Tho Chefo-
KEGS are supposed tOihayelbeen the
original Inhabitants OF the southeast.
ern states, M the other tribes appear TO
have emigrated from the West nj no
very early period. 10 II claimed by
some scientists that these people are
the direct descendants OF the Mound
Builders, aud ~ Que proof Of this they
point 10 the fact that these mounds are
more numerous IN that portion Of
county once Inhabited by thV Cheto-
KEGS than In any other part.
About the year 1900 their nation
consisted OF sixty-four towns. Those
living In tho upper towns, situated on
the relllco and ths Tennessee rivers,
were continually nj war with the
Northern Indians, while those OF the
lower towns on the Ocouee AMI Sayan.
nah rivefe were harasssd by the
Greeks. Nor did their trouble end
with their red brethren, for they were
also Mt war with tho French and Eng
llsh At different periods. From
those causes and the terri
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-12-02

gained the last election, which was
held during the past summer.
The CherOkees ~ a people are better
educated AMI have better educational
facilities than perhaps any other VI the
Indian nations. There are about $50
district schools heaides the higher
schools and national academies, whose
faculties are qualified TO prepare the
student for the highest collegiate
course. Great advancement has been
made In this respect during the last
few year,. English exclusively IL now
Wught Ia tie schools.
z Previous 10 the year 1921 the Chero.
ktos had no written language, and II
was found very difficult ~ express
their Ideas through tins medium Oi tho
English alphabet. About this time
haif.breed Cherokee named George
Guess but called by his people
5equOyah, though uueduCated In.
vented Cherokee alphabet. From
childhood SequOyah seemed 10 POSSESS
extraordinary intelligence. At the
age VI fourteen he was an excellent
slIvcfsmith, but he Afterwards devoted
bis attention t. drawing life sketches
on the skins Of animals, and finally
became a skilled artist. The members
% his tribe came from all quarters 10
Wow his work, Hud be soon became
quite popular. When be hal grown
TO manhood hv observed, while on a
trip toa nUighDoring village, that the
white man used series " sigma or
marks for conveying his thoughts upon
paper, aud lao al once conceived the
idoa Ihht he could make marks
tuRt would be- Ineligible 20
thu red man. He accordingly
took up n milestone aud began to
scratch figures upon II with n pin,
rtmarkiug that he could "tenoh tho
ChvrJkCrs to talk on paper llko the
white man.n
TOTS evoked considerable laughter
from those accompanying him. who
ridiculed such an idea, but this only
renewed his determination 10 cary
out his plans, and he went 10 work snd
alter three yenu' time succeeded ia
invcDting the compete Cherokee
alphabet, consisting Of eighiy.six
characters or letters. When he an.
uUuncod 10 Colonel Lowry the com.
plciion Of his undertaking, that
gentleman was very mucn surprised
1T his complete succrss, ior he had
often advised Soquoyah 10 stop his
"cfazy tlgu'NritinE" aud employ his
time with something more profitable.
In short umo the alphabet WAS
adopted by those engaged In the
cducatlou Of the Indians, anu type
was made and books were printed and
put b. circulation.
In 1928, two years after the complies
ton VI the alphabet, tho general
council Of the Chefokees passed n
resolution awarding him u silver
medal as a token Of their appreciation
Of his genius. II has indeed been OF
great benefit In the education OF tho
Cherokee people. Another step IN
advance was made ia the year 1880,
whom VIM. EuDanks, a quafter.bt
Cherokee, invented n system Of
shorthand, consisting OF curves and
dots, their position dsnoting the sound
| to be expressed.
Tho first halfbrsed Cherokee was
born In Virginia In tho year 1920,
being the son OF an irish adventurer.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-12-02

tie sc9urgo OF rmnllpox the
Cherokee were, In l7iD, reduced from
seven thousand to i've thousand war.
fiots. AZ this time they had not been
brought into contact with tho whites o.
any great txtent, sud were still Ia their
wiii, uucivilizri state. Their warriors
were In ths habit Of having their heads
shaved, lyavIuE only q email bunch ga
the back part, which was 0rnnmeutol
with ilumtt, while thJlr ears were Hlit
and aIgrUti witu long pendants and
In,-. They are very fine looking
PEOPLE, ami indeed they Hfe haiI 10
nave been the most proud ~ any Of the
Indian tribes. This trait was especial.
~ exhibited in their early intercourse
with the Europeans, the WARRIORS
feusiny TO associate with any tut the
Generals ami superior III 'prs Of the
english aui French armies,
The iir-t treaty MAIZE by the ChUrO.
EepH was wiki ths British govefnine O.,
aud was cOuuummato n. Dover, June
20, lT2l, six Cnivis appearing before
George the Third, and plrdging their
isaliy to his unlrsiy. IL 1901 Henry
IiuberiRku, a lieutenant iu the British
service, IN UrIer 90 cultivate irieuIiy
relations with the CherOkees, visited
the towns on the rUllicJ anu Tennessee
rivets nud peHuadud three powerful
ellie tains 20 accompany him 20 Eng
land. They were presented TO George
thu Third, being introduced nj court
ny Colonel B,umtr Here they ~.
hibited y dignity and btatirgin Keep.
lug with their TanK aud Influence a.
representatives Of lTeat nation.
During tue war VI the Revolution
the JhvfUkUea remained faithful anu
were pD8eriul allies Of the Biitish uu-
al alter tho war closed, when they
ceased hostilities anu agreed 10 u treaty
with the United States government.
Thulr first treaty with the United
states was entered Into at HOpewelI,
south Carolina, November Is, 1885,
anu was the comm encomont OF u ser.
les Of fuinOus contracts whereby the
Chefukpes were o0erced OF forced by
circumstances into feliuquishing their
rights TO the land east Of tho Missii-
sippi. Many plans aud devices were
adopted 10 deprive them OF their ia.
heritance, aud they suffered inbuman
treatment at the hands OF tbs cJl0nisls,
but rarely sought revenge Tor
the,e outfager, until, In l1b2, being
driven almost " desperation, n UOdy Of
1Ol warn ~ under JOhu waits NJ
tackled Buchanan station, near
Nashville, Tenn, aud probably would
have reduced IL to ashes had not their
leader fallen beneath mis- wounds early
m the attack. Later on, Cayitts
station, hear In xyllle, Tenn, wa,
captured anu burned ~ force Of 1900
braves. Peace was not fully restored
10 the border until tue summer OF lIBI,
when Major ore destroyed two large
Cherokee towns-Running Water ana
Nickhlack,
Ia the year 1909 the Upper aud
Lower Chorokoes began to develop a
difference In tastes and methods OF
living. The former were making con.
siderable progress In agriculture, while
the latter, VINO chiefly subslsied on the
proceeds Of the chase, wore becoming
disconnected with the growing scarcity
OF game, and Us u consequence n party
Of the latter started for the White
! river country IN Arksnsas,with view
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-12-02

in full council rejected the treaty, but
Notwithstanding this " was rat lied ny
tho United states Senate May -, 1896,
aud the ChBtUktes were c1mluliei t.
leave their home. anu seek new ones
In the western wilis.
The history of the removal u the
GnetOkrtH from their eastern homes is
q very sal story. Between sixteen aud
seventeen thousand men, women aud
children left Bfainarl late ln the tall
with wiutet's journey Of about half n
year before them. tbs severity OF tbs
weather, together win thu uumber Of
Hid and inhfm Umignuts, rendered
hem unable 30 travel more than
rom five ~ iiittpn miles a day. A.
MOI SEASON advanced they were attacked
Iy discase with dreadful fatality. A
arge numtor lay down by THE rosdsiGe
90 die, aud tue great caravan ru0u be.
came a workable funeral procession, tue
,vUrngU number ~ deaths reaching
thirteen per day. At the end OF the
journey tue roll was called aud over
four Thousand persOns were missing,
One.foutth OF the company having died
by the waysidU. The survivors were
sO euragod at those who had been In
stfumrntal IN bringing this calamity
u3on them that shorty after their AT
rival at their destination three OF the
leaders ~ the treaty party were
brutnliy murdered. The old settlers,
these Of the lower towns who came
west Of their own accord, re-.
used 10 acknowledge John Ross
as their chief aud consid.
cradle trouble uusurd, many murders
resulting tnofcfrom. At length, con.
cludinK they c0uli not live In peace
with the Hoss party, the old ssltlera
sent delegation into the Texas
country 10 explore FRA new home,
but it wFnt no farther NJ that time.
Heretofore the ChctOkecs were under
the government OF their chiefs, but
nov u was decided TO make change
Ia this matter, nudi constitution,
based on the Constitution OF tho
Unitod States, was gd1nted on tho g.h
Jay u July, 1898. Under this the
supreme executive POSER Uf the nation
IL vebttd la the principal chief or
governor who IL U'o',ci Ny tho popu.
lar vote iof a term ui four years. In
case Of death or removal from office
his position II iilltd by an assistant
principal chief. Tie former receives u
salary Of 5000 ami the latter $1,000 per
annnm. An executive council or
.cabinut composed Of from three to five
persons IL appointed by the national
council, 10 be- nj the disposal OF tho
onioi when their services are 70.
qriroi. Among Uihot important
Ulcers are thu treasurer, solicitor
general and auditor, the former two
receiving $1,000, anu the latter $500
per nunum.
The Judicial powers Of the nation
are vested IN supreme, Circuit and dis.
tfict courts. The former II conducted
by three ludgef, ono VI whom ia AZ.
pointed fby ..sthc council every. two
year.. These iuncliuuaries receive
salary u $500 per year, and hold their
commission for six years. This nation
10 divided into three judicial circuits,
zach OF which hns u judge, elected by
tho people, with "A salary OF y6OUA year
10 IL also DIVIDED into nine districts,
yiE Canadian, Illinois, SequpyHh,
Flint, Delaware, 6oing.snskc, fable.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-12-02

quah, Saline and COo.wes.coo.wee, In
each VI which ia district court, the
Judge being elected for term Of two
years st a salary Of SiJJ per yesr.
Each district sends to the national
council two senators and from thfee TO
seven representatives, In proportion
population. ethel national capital
is located Mt IAhiequRh, whore the
council meets annually the first Mon.
Jay 10 November and continues from
four u six wetds. The legislative bouy
10 divided into two branChes-the
senate aud council-Aud the members
are elected Tor a term Of two years, s.
per day being paid them during At
tendance. The majority Of the mem.
utrs are Cherokecs by blood, though
there are "A few exceptions. They are
mostly men OF Intelligence. Their
lave are very goOi, anu are more
strictly enforced than those Of other
tribes.
At the breaking out Of the war Of the
Rebellion many Of the Chetokets were
wealthy Shareholders and Ia sympathy
with Tie South. As ~ consequence a
party was organized under the leader
ship Of stand Waite, and united with
the Southern Contederacy. Others
remained loyal 10 the Federal govern.
munt aud o party was organized Tor it,
support. Chief John ROss for time
remained neutral, but finally organ.
lied a regiment 10 nsfist the Conled.
cratCS. They served but ten months,
however, when, not being supplioI
with food Il clothing, they sl went
over To tue North, Hul IL was not long
until Chief Koss followed thcif exam.
pie, claiming 10 have favored tho
North from tire iitst, but that he had
buen overcome by tue power OF tue
CJniudurBCy, ami fOlt constfained to
save the material interests OF his people
from total destruction. lie was escort.
~ out OF the country by Colonel
We're regiment, aud we I 10 Phila-
drlphia, where ne remained three
yeats.
In the spring Of 1858, after the gov.
'tnmUn had returned the refugees to
their homes Ia time 10 plant their
crops, Stand Waite, with about eight
hundred warriors, secured the country
In lho vicinity VI rahltquah, and drove
before him the frightened tlllots of the
soil, who He'd for safety 10 Fort Gibson,
until about six thousand refugees were
gathered there. rney hau brought
with them supplies aud agricultural
Implements, anu these all fell into tho
possession Of Stand Waite and his fol.
lowers. Whom the loyal party returned
thuir allegiance 20 the government ia
1903, they passed an act Of council con.
flsCaiiug all property belonging 10 the
southern refugees, who were then liv-
ing Ia the greatest destitutiou on tho
banks OF the RED river. There excited
such bitter feeling between the two
parties that II was expected new
nome would have TO be found for the
ulhernors, but the death OF Chief
Ross In 1886 moderated the party feel.
ing anu they were allowed to return
aud dwell among their people. Since
that time they have lived together Ia
comparative peace, being divided into
two political pattioa-National aud
Downing-each having held the ielns
OF government at different periods.
The former II now In power, having
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-12-02

10 finding a better hunting rTouuJ. Ia
this they were suCCes.iul, AMI IN eight
years from the date Of their first
sct,Itt,, - there we've three thousand
malitvf. Of this tribe located on the
White river aud It's tributaries. Thsu
followed the treaty Of 1917 whereby
the United States government ur,-
scented each poor ozilv Indian with o.
rife. tran AMI blanket iu lieu nf hI.
meme claim, aud transported am Yves
ut tue great river to JOIN his cymia CO.
and ight the Osagcs and Ql,uss, VIII.
wern incsssantly raidiug uuun tur
new clmcrs. the gUv,ri mtnt has
promised thtm protection lrum On.
nustilps, hut refused TO Interfere unit
the r mnindrr OF The Cherokee
walled themselves OF tine lalO tfatfs
and abandoned their homes.
At the same ume the state uillclals
VI GgUtgla commenced purecuuug
those who remained Ia lhuir old hUmas
nnd pressing the United States govern.
meut TO hasten their removal itOm the
state. IN agreement ha1 been entered
into la April, lsO2, whereby Georgia
cedtd to the Unitou Statos certain lands
lying south n tho Tennciseu and west
II the ChatAnouchie nvuu, etc, h.
confederation of 81, .51,uJi, the Indian
title 10 lAuda In Guofsia % h' eNtin.
guisheI on pogcehblo aud reasonable
terms. As ine yuars won't by without
the fllillment Ut the latter part u the
contract, the c.tizsns " Georgia grew
more aud more Otienslv, ali Cover or
Troupe went - far ~ TO threaten the
srct,tiTy VI war with impuudiug blood.
aucd u Immediate action was MT
taken. At this time tue.e were tow
white men among the lndiaus labsf.
ig flr thcir welfare, ANT they were
arrested. hut those who would promise
not TO return to the Indian untfy were
Immediately released. Dr.. Worcester
aud Butler refused 10 make this promise
and thuy we're thrown into prison.
The United States Supreme Court
ordered them 10 be liberated, but the
state Of Georgia nj first refused AID u
was not done for over ~ year after.
wards,
In the meantime the final treaty was
drafted Hud concluded i1 December,
1885. This treaty was u clear tciegse
oil all lands owed by the Churlkees
east Of thu Mississippi fDr the sum "
"a, 200, 900. John RUss, the principal
cni,L who had been ~ Washington
for three or four winters in the iutuf.
usus Of his poop =, was opp0s ii 10 tho
treaty, anu 0usuud n correspondence
with the President IA the hope Of re-.
lioi, but obtained none. On the other
hand Andrew Ross, number Of the
Cherokee Delegation, VINO was In favor
VI the emigration, entered into an
agreement with the commissioner Il
Indian affairs TO bflng together "a SUI
ticlent number Of leading Chrf0kess
with whom n treaty could be ,llscied.
A preliminary treaty was Therefore
concluded ON tho 18Th day VI June,
1884, but it was never rauticd, MS the
Chefokues were civiIcI, some being
Ia favor Of emigration, while others
were opposed 10 IL. On the iiih day OF
March treaty providing Tor removal
was drawn up with the delegates, with
the expires stipulation tlat II should
receive thu approval Of the Cherokee
people In full council assembled. In
October following tue Cherokee people
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1893-12-02
WITHTHELAMANITES
Frank B. Woodbury. Tells Of The
Indian Territory Indians.
cHERoKEEs' PAST AND PRESENT.
interesting Facts Relating 10 the Most
Civilized Of the Aborlgine
Nations.

In response 70 an Inquiry regarding
HE recent mlssion In tue Iudian Terri
tory, and the history and condition OF
the native tribe with which he vas
best acquainted, Elder Frank II.
woodbury. made the following report;
ON the morning OF the 10th OF
October, 1891, | boarded the X. q. w.
rain ut Salt Lake City aud was soon
sueeding on my way 10 the Indian
Teffitory, whittier ! had been called
10 bear the message Of life aud saliva.
lion TO a portion Of the house Of Israel.
A. crossed the prsirics Of eastern
Colorado aud Kansas lOnged ~ see n
mountain, or even a hill, this being
my first Wow Of such n vast amount of
trfritory without mountain 10 oh.
ttfuct Ii In any direction. After vlHit-
Ing Pueblo and Kansas CITY tho
Journey was continued, aud on the
morning Of October l9ih / arrived nj
Fltt Gibson, Indian Territory.
This fort was used during the war by
the COnfederatea M military post,
and was for some time the home OF
Jsfier.on Davlp, president Of the Con.
ttdsfacy, whose residence IN still
standing. though II has been considered
unsafe AZ a dwelling for some time.
From Fort Gibson we took stage for
ManaTd, q distance OF nine miles,
where resides tho Hon. VIM. II.
Hendricks, with whom the Elders
always find n home. When the Elders
fret went there, having been turned
away from many doors through preJu.
dice, MIR. Hendricks and his noble wife
took them In and made them welcome.
An attempt was made by the Elders
Ia lsgl.g2 TO obtain a tract Of land on
which to erect n building for Church
ana school purposes, but they failed Ia
this, aud Mr. Hendricks furnished
some laud ana house was built there.
on. This II the only meeting house
owned by the Saints Ia the territory.
There they eau mold meetings when
they choose. Many OF the other
churches and schoolhouses arc closed
against them.
On tue way from Fort Gibson TO
ManArd the National cemetery IN
passed. II IL enclosed by n rock wall
about i've feet high. inside
stands a nice stone cottage, where
the superintendent, Mr.. J. Il. Dixon,
resides. The cemetery contains a frAc.
ton over i've acres OF land, In which
are Inferred the remains Of 24i0
soldiers, 2l28 Of whom arc unknown
The graveled walks are lined with a
Evening journal., 1893-03-20
YESTERDAY IN HIDDLETOWN.
Hundreds of People Gather There to
Hear the Conference sunday Services.

Hundreds of People Gather There to
Hear the Conference sunday Services.
STAFF Correspondence Evening journal.
MIDDLETOwE, March 20 When
Bishop Merrill arose 10 preach the con.
ference sermon in the Al H. Church here
yesterday every available inch of space
In the church was occupied and efficient
corps of ushers who worked under the
direction of Rev. N. NJ Browne, found
that they would have to direct every new
conner to the other churces or halls
where overflow meetings were being
held as no more could be accommodated
in the church.
Revs. Martindale and Terry, who
were leading the singing at the lovefeast
called on all the congregation to rise
while the closing lovefeast hymn was
being sung. Then Richard Price, who
directed the Middletown choir, conducted
the singing of the first hymn, Dr. Harry
Clayton playing the organ. Mrs. Mark
d. Bowman sang a beautiful solo. Rev
J. b. Quigg offered the prayer which
was an earnest supplioation for special
blessings upon the work Of the ministers
this year
Bishop Merrill preached nearly an hour
and half on "The necessity of watch
fulness and strength on this day. so
fraught with dangers to Christianity"
The dangers were mentioned of the
material tendencies of the age and of
some of the educational forces, both
technically speaking and otherwise, now
at work and the superficialty Of the times.
/ In speaking of technical educational
forces, the bishop said we must be watch
ful ana vigilant as to the public schools
"They are scattered everywhere over
the land and are necessarily exerting 8
/ tremendous power. They are intended
to be a benedction to our land, and We
cannot prize them too highly; but are
they advancing Christianity or course
the common schools must not be sec
tarian-that is denomiuational.
"But all the various branches Of thu
Christian faith have a common God anC
Bible ard surely this country is a God
believing country. One Of the burning
questions now is: Shall our schools no
teach hat the heavens declare the glor,
of God, and the armament shows Hi
handiwork
Ordained In the Afternoon.
In the afternoon Bishop Merrill he'll
ordination services, ordaining the follow
ing to the diaconate: Edwin Gardner
Francis B Short. Joseph II Geoghegar
George p. Jones, William HsmiltoT
Charles Norstrom, John B. Roberts, JON
P. Outten. William j. Tindal L. 7. No
Laine. Those ordained elders were