Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-30

REcoRDING WIND PnENoMENA.--The
new method OF recording wind phenom-
eia, which has now for some time been
ID use in the Odessa Observatory, has ac-
cbmplishcd very satisfact ry and useful
results. BY means of this simple appa-
tus the direction and velocity OF the
winds are alike marked on cylinder by
onesymbol. The record consists in this
cas-, OF arrows, which are printed on the
paper covering the cylinder, their posi-
tioi showing the direction OF the wind,
and the number'o them marked on n
length of paper corresponding to one
hou furnishes data for finding the We
locty by an empirical scale, the special
valle of the readings being determined
by an anemomcter. The recording appa-
! tusis actuated by clock work, and the
Indications are made with great readiness
ana accuracy by electrical contacts,
which are produced by a,battery cell, the
duration of this contact depending on
tn. velocity Of the wind-a light wind
producing, of course, contact OF longer
duration than strong one.
How ZERO WAS ADoPTED.-From a
bow Fahrenheit was a close observer OF
nature. When only nineteen years old,
in the cold winter of 1905, he expert
mented by putting snow and salt to-
gether, and noticed that it produced
degree of cold equal to the coolest day
in the year. That day was the coolest,
the oldest inhabitant could remember.
Gabriel was struck with the coincidence
of his discovery, and concluded that he
had found the lowest degree OF tempera-
ture known in the world. He called the
degree Zero" and constructed q Their
mometer, or rude weather glass, with
scale graduating up from zero to
boiling point, which he num-
bered 212, and the freezing point 80, be-
cause, as he thought, mercury contracted
| the thirty second of its volume on being
cooled down from the temperature of
| freezing water to zero, and expanded the
| 13Oth on being heated from the freezing
to the boiling point. Time showed the
arrangement arbitrary, and that these
two points no moro represented the real
extremes of temperature than ''from Dan
to Beersheba" represented the exact ex-
tremes of Palestine. But Farenheit's
thermometer had leen widely adopted
with its convenient scale, and many peo-
ple cling 10 the established scale. The
three countries Which use Fahrenheit
are England, Hollad and America.
INGENIOUS MECHANICAL DEVICES
Mechanical devices in the manufacture
of shoes are claimedto have reached their
ideal ingenuity in n recently invented
continuance for attaching heels to boots
and shoes by driving staples from the
inside through the inner sole, the counter
and the outer sob, and nearly through
the heel, the points of the staples reach
ING into ana rearly through the
ton lift-tbus, if desired lcav-
inc the She heeled with a blind
lift bv the first and only operation
of attaching If it is desired to slug the
heel. the apparatus is provided with
n mechanism for driving slugs into
the top lit at the instant Of attaching
the heel ! the shoe. The staples being
thus driyn from the inside, their crowns
are left hbedded in the inner sole en-
! tirely How its surface, and the inner
r and OUR soles and the counters are
drawn fmly together, making mos
perfect leel seat BY other methods, a!
9 Is well hown, the heel seat has TO bt
4 rIarie fIt, SO us TO iusurea tight joint Al
D the pok of contact between the hee
: and thu utcr sole, and to provide some
j. thing did to which the heel may be at
tachedIy the points Of the nails TIL
claim Therefore put forward that, IL
the malfacture of boots and shoes, thi
mechaAal wonder supplies the place o
!, the heeheating machine, the attachin1!
u machindan the smuggling machine-il
: fact, peIArming the whole work at on
Z operatiohand simultaneously.