davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

a Brief Hlstory Of the Rise and ran Of
This Fuel.

nrio& nHtofy OF the miss anu ran ol
40 This FUEL
The histdfy OF the rise OF natural
gas for Manufacturing purposes In
Pittsburg San interesting one, says
the Chronicle Telegraph OF that city.
1t was about the middle OF May,
1884, when IL displaced coal In the
FIRST iron mill In this city. The first
OF that month IL was used for the
first time in an extensive Industrial
works, in the O'Hara glass house at
Thirtieth street and the Allegheny
Valley Railroad. About the fifteenth
of the month 1t took the place OF
5000 bushels of coal in the Carnegie
mill at Twenty-ninth street. Not I'M
eli early in November was 1t intro
duced In the mill of this firm at
Thirty-thlrd street, where 1t took the
place OF 7,o00 bushels of coal daily.
While the use of natural gas was
very satisfactory, the slowness at
tending its introduction was remark
able. 1t was about the middle OF
the summer OF 1885 before it was
used In half of the iron and steel
works in the Pittsburg district, and
it was fully three years before 1T took
the place OF coal in all OF them.
There was considerable trouble in
securing manufacturers to make the
change. The low rate offered to the
firms was not so much OF an object as
the room saved by absence of ashes.
There was no trouble in recon-
structing the furnaces from coal to
the use Of natural gas, yet this re-
tarded its early use somewhat.
Among the first along the Monon-
gahela River to adopt it was Jones &
Laughlins, in the winter of 1884, in
the American Iron Works. To
guard themselves against possible
trouble they only remodeled a por-
tion Of their works. About six
months after it was used with salts
faction in these works it was used in
all the mills along this river and the
Ohio, excepting in those Of the Oliver
Iron Company. ,.I + &
Beginning with 1889, the gradual
abandonment of natural gas in the
local mills where natyfar gas is still
being used in pudding furnaces are
those of A. NJ. Byers s. Co., Tug 81
Co., Brown & Co., and the Carnegie
mill at Thirty-third street, These
four mills run 1872 furnaces, Of this
kind, besides the heating furnaces
and the tube works OF the firm first
named. There are few mills in
which gas is still used in the heating
furnaces, but altogether it has al
ready given away to fully 100000
bushels of coal daily.
The idea that the supply OF natur-
al gas would never be exhausted was
only entertained for about year
from 1887 to 1888. After that there
were many evidences that the supply
would not hold out. During this
year there were some firms who be-
came imbued with the idea that all
they had to do was to dig a well any
where and they could soon get enough
gas to supply them. There very few
accidents in any of the mills caused
by gas
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
A brilliant Thought.

There may be more ways than one
to kill cat, but l learned Of a
novel way to protect that animal
from the mischievous youngster the
other day.
1t happened that / was stopping at
a summer boarding house up in the
Catskills for few days where an old
maid boarder had located herself and
her three cats for the season. The
children in the house, from the
youngest to the oldest, had led the
three cats such dance that the fe-
lines were justified in wishing during
their waking moments that they were
dead.
1t had kept the old lady on the
jump to keep her cats out Of the
children's hands during the day and
to protect them at night they had to
be locked up in her room. Thus
stood affairs until a few. weeks ago
the old lady happened to think of a
scheme whereby her own and her
pets troubles would be ended. She
organized a Juvenile society for the
prevention of cruelty to animals.
I. IT. was a thought that entered her
head at o'clock in the morning as
she lay awake trying to devise a
method to relieve the cats of trouble.
The next morning every child in the
boarding house was coralled in the
old lady's room, and she instilled into
the young hearts love for everything
that walked, flew or crawled, includ-
ing babies.
TheoGhildren, little. comprehend
ing the, sport they were sacrificing, or
the deep motive Of the old lady, all
took a pledge to live up to her teach
ings, and not only this but to get
every new boarder's children to join
the society, too. For fear the novel
ty would wear off and the children
would forget their pledge, the old
lady sent to the city and obtained
little badges for the children to wear.
The result is that all the children
in the house strut about like nina
ture policeman; the cats are recover
ing their composure, besides patches
OF new fur, aud the old lady can do
her Knitting without fear OF being
disturbed to rescue her pets from all
but sudden death.-New York Her
aid.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
An Ingenious Contrlvance.

To obtain light instantly without
the use Of matches aud without dan
ger of setting things on fire is an easy
matter. Take an Oblong vial OF the
clearest of glass, put into it piece Of
phosphorus about the size OF pea;
upon this pour some pure olive oil
heated to the boiling point, the bot
tie to be filed about one third full;
then cork tightly. To use the light
remove the cork, allow the air to en-
ter and then recork. The whole
empty space in the bottle will then
become luminous, and the light OBJ
tanned will be good one. AS soon
as the light becomes dim its power
can be increased by opening the bot
tie and allowing fresh supply of air
to enter. In very cold weather it Is
sometimes necessary 10 heat the. vial
between the hands 20 increase the
fiuidity of the oil, and one bottle will
last all winter. This ingenious con-
trivance may be carried in the pocket.
and is used by the watchmen of Paris
in all magazines where explosives or
inflammable materials are stored.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

The wonderful advance that has
been. made during the last third OF q
century In the constructionn0f ma
chinery, and particularly In the equip
ment OF ships with propelllng power,
Is iHell illustrated by comparisons
presented, by an Eastern journal. 1t
Is well known that the Great East
ern, that wonderful leyiathan of the
seas which was the talk OF the world
some thirty years ago, was In all prac-
tical respects complete failure. The
reason for this will be understood
when 1t Is stated that engines of only
I, Gao horse power were provided to
propel asship $50 feet in length and
80 feet in breadth. In those days
engines of, such power were consld-
cred very remarkable, and it does not
appear to have been suspected at the
time that the failure OF the great
ship was due to lack of sufficient
power TO drive her vast bulk through
the water and render her manage
able.
She was abandoned and allowed to
60 to ruin because it was believed
that the limit of Size had III her case
been exceeded. But when we COM
pare her 1860 horse power with the
20,605 horse power OF that modern
greyhound, the City OF Paris, a YES
sci l20 feet shorter and nearly 20 feet
narrower than the Great Eastern, it
is plainly seen where the trouble lay.
Such an equipment OF machinery as
the great steamships of our day carry
would have been entirely beyond the
comprehension Of the engine builders
Of thirty years ago.
But after all it appears that we are
only just beginning to develop the
possibilities OF the steam engine, and
that there are no longer any limita-
tions as TO the dimensions that may
be chosen for steamships. The Cam
pania, just launched from an English
shipyard, is $40 feet in length. or only
sixty feet shorter than the Great
Eastern, and is equipped with engines
of 10000 horse power. The propel-
ling force which these figures indi-
cate is almost inconceivable.
j. The new American steamships now
building for the transatlantic BUSH
ness will, be smaller than the Campo
MIA, but larger than any OF the other
liners now afioat They will be pro-
vided with engines proportionately
powerful and representing the high
est modern skill.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
The Black swallower.

What a terrible, horrible animal a
tiger would be were it able to swal-
low from eight to twelve times its
own bulk. 1t seems impossible that
there can be any creature able to do
this, and yet, far down in the depths
of the southern seas, there lives a
fish known as the black swallower,
which cansswallow whole fish eight
to twelve times larger than itself.
HappilS5for the other inhabitants
of the sea the black swallower is rare,
there being but three known speci-
mems in the museums of the world,
In appearance it is a slender, elon-
gated fish Of uniform thickness, from
eight inches to a foot in, length. The
skin is without scales, the head
somewhat cone-shaped, narrowing
forward
It's fins end in spines, thus pre-
venting it from becoming dainty
morsel for other fishes. The mouth
is that of monster; it is very deeply
cleft, extending behind the eyes,. and
armed with many long, sharp-pointed
and movable teeth. Such is it's APP
pearance with an empty stomach. s.
Going about in search of food it
espies another fish many times larger
than itself. 1t darts upon this fish
from behind, seiZes the tail, and
gradually crawls over the struggling
victim with its jaws, using first one
and then the other. As the captive
is taken in, the stomach and integ-
ments stretch out, until at last the
entire fish is passed through the
mouth into the stomach.
Then the distended organ appears
as great bag, projecting out far
backward and far forward. Over
this horrible bag, and resting on it,
the swallower seems to lie; the lower
fins appear dislocated and lie far
away from their usual position.
The walls Of the stomach have been
so stretched that they are transpar-
ent, and the species of fish within
can be discerned. Sometimes, three
ktimes at least, such. rapidity is more
THAN the captor can stand. The fish
within the stomach begins to decom-
pose and gas is created. The black
swallower is forced over on its back,
when the Imprisoned sgasg as"in a
sballoon, takes it upward from the
depths to the surface1Df the sea.
Thus have the thyeeispecimens been
found floating on the surface, thous1
ands of fathoms above their true
Aaunts In each instance the fish
| iUthe stomach has been about twice
| as long as the swallower, .andnfrom
six to twelve times bnlkiersr ~ Itttf
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

In all the old Biographies New
York was, among other things, put
down as the first State in its dairy
products, says the Press. Its excel
lence in dairy farming was due to the
character of its inhabitants, who were
largely Dutch and large consumers ef
butter anhscheese; to the extensive
cattle grazing meadow lands in such
COUNTIES as Herkimer, Delaware,
Duchess, aldo Onondaga, and to the
growth of its great CITIES. The State
produced more and better butter and
cheese than all the balance of the
country, and the Southern and West
ern farmers sent to the State for the
beat brand of cattle as the merchants
came to the city to buy their best
goods. A farmer in Illinois or Vir-
giniaS when he had bought Jersey
or Guernsey heifer or bull from New
York, generally advertised the fact
in his local paper and his neighbors
usually called in great numbers to
see this improved example of the
bovine kind.
New York has exercised as great
influence over the dairy interests OF
this country as Kentucky has over
the raising Of fine horses, or Ohio
and Illinois on sheep husbandry.
But a few years ago the New York
Dairymen's Association began to real
ize the fact that the State was losing
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

its prestige in this respect, and that
Illinois, Wisconsin and Canada were
producing better butter and selling it
In this city for not more than half a
cent pound advance over the New
York State product. The market
preferred the Canadian and Western
product, and the dairy farms in the
State were not making more than
expenses. The Western meadows
contained more plant flood, and the
same. breed of cows would vic o a
fourth more butter. The West had
better meadows and the railroads in
its favor, and the Eastern farmers
must set abSdt to scientifically meet
the competition, of their Western RI
walls or abandon their old farms as
New England farmers had done in
their unsuccessful attempt to raise
grain, ETC., in competition with the
West. 1t has therefore been a life
and death struggle with great agri'
cultural Industry that has contrib
uted so laPgsaS sto making the Empire
State in poaRlation and wealth.
New York Dairy Products.
A few years ago the State Dairy
mems Association established mum.
Der of dairy conferences or schools,
where the farmers were scientifically
taught how to produce the best mich
cows, the greatest yield of milk and
the finest butter.
These Aokxpols and this compulsory
scientific study to the chief farming
interest OF the State have had the
result Of partially re-establishing the
prestige ofss dairy farming. The
farmers cettafHS have the best cows,
IL not the best meadows, the best
stables and the best creameries oil
the country. A dairy farmer of much
intelligence knows just how to breed
good cows and what to feed them
upon to secure the greatest and best
yield of milk and butter, but how t.
make his land produce the food
products necessary for such yields
has given him no little thought.
The State is old, and the large re
sources of plant food that made the
old Dutch dairymen in SO many coun
ties prosperous have been largely ex
hausted.
Hardly any other product OF the
soil and the mill so exhausts land al
cheese. A ton of cheese will take 8!
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
Two Imperial German spendthrIfts.

1t is not generally known that the
German Empress, In spite of her
many excellent qualities, is very ex-
travagant and owes large sums Of
money to many OF the Berlin trades
men, one firm alone having bill of
500, 900 marks, or f40, 900, against
her majesty. The Empress never
wears either dress, mantle or a
bonnet the second time in public,
and everything that she buys is of
the very best.
The Emperor is also very largely
IN debt, in spite OF the handsome
present made to him last spring by
the Empress Frederick, who advanced
him 1900, 900 marks. The Emperor
has, unfortunately, not the slightest
idea of money, and scatters it right
and left, TO the great horror of many
of his loyal subjects. London World.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

herd now contains 164 head and will
be increased TO 400, with working
dairy of 800 cows. tcse
The world is standing on tiptoe
trying to approximate the speed OF
the future horse, but the amount OF
food that IS to be given to the future
COW and the amount Ofmilk and but
ter to come fromther is very great
economical question.
Nowhere yet have civilized men
settled so near to each other that the
COW does not thrive. In England,
France, and Germany she keeps pace
with the civilization about her. The
more nervous and intelligent the peo-
pie grow the firmer grows the COW.
The more populous the community
becomes the richer and more milk
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

as mixers, but Ii is to the latter that
particular attention is TO be called.
The Guernsey is a spotted. Short
horn COW, and is one OF heSlargest
and most beautiful and gentle cows
in the meadow or at the stall. They
are always plump and maintain good
condition, and it is always a pleasure
to look at and handle one. But, best
OF all, they stand equal in record in
the quality and quantity Of milk and
butter yield with the Jersey and the
Holstein cattle. They are certainly
more beautiful than either of the
other breeds.
A half dozen OF these beautiful cat
tie were on exhibition at the recent
food exhibit at Madison Square Gar
den. They were the property Of
Vice President Morton, and certainly
were one OF the chief attractions OF
the fair Every lover of the cow and
those who cared nothing for the cow
gathered about These beautiful and
gentle creatures which Mr.. Morton
had sent down from his farm at
Rhinecllff-on-the- Hudson. His farm
superintendent, Mr.. Cottrell, said
these cows we're sent TO the food ex-
hibit for the high butter record they
had made.
Guernseys at the Food Exhibit.
There Is, for instance, the pet OF
the lot, Good Morning, 3e74, nearly
solid fawn, imported Nov. 16, 1897
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
- bCIad In Costly Fur.

John the Baptist with his raiment
of skins would have been of little in
terest on Fifth avenue Thursday af-
ternoon compared with promenader
clad in Persian lamb, says the New
York Evening Sun. Her garment
cons listed Of a bell skirt of tender
young astrakhan, missing nothing of
a fashionable cut, and a Spanish
jacket. This was short over a skirt
of shaded green velvet of lettuce
like tint, so light it was, girdle fas-
tening with large flaps in the back,
and large velvet sleeves. This cos
tune was crowned by black hat in
velvet and violets. ,yThere was no
man OF, boy on the street so ignorant
Of feminine gear that this costume
did not catch his eye. To look at it
women almost brought the procession
to a halt.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

richest men in the State are devot
ing their time,to the breeding Of fin
cattle and are conducting some
the most costly and prosperous farms
in the world, for they have learned
that this sort Of farming is not only
most remunerative, but it is one of
the most delightful and eleyating
branches of agriculture.
The world renowned Jersey cattle
have always been prime favorites
among most dairymen, but there are
other breeds that are constantly dis
putting supremacy with this great
breed of cattle. The two other
breeds that are well before the world
to-day are the Crumhorn, Holstein-
Friesian and the Guernsey. The
former breed has made a great record
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

stored. This has not yet become so
necessary in the West. Illinois and
Wisconsin hay fields and meadows
are as fresh as New York's were a
half century ago, and here is given
its reason for raising the best breeds
of cattle for dairy farming, for fine
COW will eat no more timothy or
clover than scrub, but she will pro-
duce five times as much milk. The
result is that New York has the best
mich cows that have so far been
raised.
Cattle culture in this State has be-
come one of the finest branches Of
veterinary science. Many of the
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

stock of thoroughbreds owned by Mr..
Morton the milk from Good Morning
showed percentage OF $50 OF
butter fat"
Last summer Mr. Morton's barn
was burned, but his fine stock was
saved and the new barn which he is
now building at Elerslie will be one
of the finest in the world and certain
ly the best equipped for the breeding
of fine stock, there being room for
more than 400 cattle. The main
building win be 800 feet in length
and IS feet wide, with an extra
width of SO feet for room for the
silos and machinery. The Morton
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

and which has record OF e,2o5
pounds OF milk Ia year and 1,07il
pounds In month. 6bo is TO so to
TIE Worlds Fair as a specimen Of a
high bred, rich mixer. Then there
is Rosette, with a record OF S,10i
pounds In 1851 days; Olga, 7H5 pounds
In one month; Mango, 0,097 pounds
In eight months; Lady Antoinette
H., $50 pounds In one month; Brltoni,
8, 7O1 pounds in seven months; Cha
moinesse, 5,532i pounds In nine
months; Rosaline, 5,7I6 pounds In
nine months, and May Blossom, 5, $50
pounds in eight months. Ina serie'
of tests made among the very large
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

In the same animal, therefore. there
was but one way for the New York
dairy farmer TO meet the problem that
poor farms, ordinary cows and en-
travagant feeding had brought upon
him, and that was to produce cow
that, being fed upon the minimum of
plant food, would produce the max
imum OF butter and cheese. The
farmers knew 1t was easieto produce
fine mixer than to restore the vlr-
gin resources OF nature, for q fine
cow or a fine horse Is distinctly a
product of civilization and culture,
while nature, once robbed of its
virginity, can never be entirely re-
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

a ton OF plant food from the land
while a ton of butter takes only 20
cents. The manufacture OF cheese
from cattle not Of the best blood had
therefore exhausted many large farms
to such a degree that butter pr0duc-
ing was not even profitable. Plant
food is the hardest OF all foods TO re-
store to the soil Grain food Is easily
shipped, but grain food does not pro-
duce milk. It's function Is. making
beef. and beef and milk will not mix
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

and butter does she yield, notwith-
standing the fact that the meadows
and hay fields are gradually becom-
ing Smaller. The growth and per-
lection OF the COW is one of the
greatest economical triumphs Of the
present civilization, for she is one of
the chief agencies of its existence,
and he who can continue the i'm.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
what a show 1t would he.

One or two of the older Senators
are said TO favor the idea OF Senators
wearing silk gowns while In session,
like Supreme Court judges.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
OUR BUDGET OF FUN.


Sekss ana Joksists fhss Are Supposed -
Have Been nscsntIy Born sayings sad
Dsings that Are od< Curious snd
Laughable.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05
ABOUT DAIRY FARMING
THE HOME OF THE GUERNSEY
AND JERSEY.

rreatment Of Thoroughbreds L. Princely
In America = The Finest Breeds Are
markell Daintny as fsacehorse-Aris-
tocraof ASSERTS Itself at An Points.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

Ellen Terry made her first appear
ance on the stage when she was only
10 years old.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

genius, but TO waken human desire.
animate industry, and reward with
fruition? 1t Is the excess and the
abuse which are forbidden,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

A pool-room, exclusively for the
use OF ladies' is to be opened In Cows
ington, KY. No liquors will be sold
on the premises
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

A Mexican street car can be hired
for personal use for $3.50 day, with
a right to stop at any place for two
hours.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

About 5000 intoxIcantso OF different
kinds are known TO custom houst
sofiicials. ~
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

provement OF the COW is no less thar
a benefactor of his time.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

~There Is, for instance, the pet OF
the lot, Good Morning, 1874, nearly
solid fawn, imported Nov. l6, 1877
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-01-05

THE more liquid a man puts down
his throat the less chance there seems
to be OF drowning his voice. Yonkers
Statesman.