davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
ANCIENT ADVERTISING.
The Origin OF the business Architect oil
Today Lost In Antiquity.

The Origin OF the business Architect oil
Today Lost In Antiquity.
For a science whose retl development Is
of such comparatively recent origin, adj
vertising has a surprising perspective. IL
we place the broadcast construction upon
the term, we may look in vain-smong
ancient historical records-for the first adj
vertisement. When 1t became necessary
for tribe or nation to convey certain
piece of information to all Of its members,
the natural means was the posting in
prominent place OF an inscription. Thus
the prototype of our modern signboard
came into existence with the very dawn OF
civilization. 1t is known that in the first
DAYS of the children of Israel tho utter
ances Of kings and prophets were conveyed
10 the people through the medium of prim-
tive signs.
But the real significance OF the word
advertisement" has come TO be the use
of publicity for business purposes-for the
purpose Of inducing trade. Adopting this
meaning, the earliest advertisements were
symbols lungs outside the doors of shops.
In Rome saw so placed indicated the
carpenter; bushel measure, the baker,
and branch Of ivy-sacred to Bacchus--
marked the tavern. From this latter form
of advertisement, we have our proyerb,
"Good wine needs no BUSH"
The use OF written characters in adver-
Using for trade dates back at least 20 cen
turies. The excavations at Pompeii have
brought to light a sign at street corner
which, being translated, reads, "Visit the
inn of Lianus; turn TO the right" The
custom of advertising for lost articles also
obtained then. Another inscription un-
earthed In the buried city reads, "a wine
Jar is lost from the inn; il any one bring
it back, there shall be given to him G5 ses-
terces; IL any one bring the thief who took
it, double the sum will be given"
That the wineshop should have agu-ad
30 conspicuously in the early history o,
advertising, we may remark in passing, Is
more of reflection upon the people OF
those times than it is discredit to the
art of publicity. In fact, in no form OF
literature are the vices and virtues and
customs of different eras more wildly por-
trayed than in advertisements. Photo
graph the shops of nation md you have
a correct idea of its methods of living.
What does this sc well as an advertise
menti 1t Is the unedited voice of the peo-
pie.
As to the first newspaper advertisement,
there Is a difference OF opinion. Some
credit 1t to the ancient paper The Mercu-
RUS Politicus, while others claim that a
certain old journal supposed to have been
printed In 1891, and on file In the British
museum, deserves the honor. One OF these
pioneer advertisements Is curious enough
to quote. 1t reads thus:
'sThat excellent and by all physicians
approved Chinese drink called by the Chi
nesc Toha, by other nations Tay, alias Tc,
IL sold at the Sultane's Head Coffee House
In Swesting's Rents. by the Royal Ex-
change, London"
Another early form of advertising was
the bellnan or town crisr, which still Elk
lists in some old New England towna.--
John Irving Roner's Lecture.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24

~,o,xao,e importance. re Enow that the
snfetv Of the town might depend on bis
vieilance, and that disgrace and death
awaited him IL he were found asleep, put
excessive WEAKNESS seemed to blunt al
moral sense OF obligation. He says;
Ircsisted the temptation for awhile, and
then, feeling that must sleep II died sor
it, I deliberately lay down on the GROUND
rested my firelock by my side, and Win
stone for pillow fell asleep.
limo passed quickly, and now what mas
seemed to me an intervention OF proV-
dence occurred. was awakened by q ter
rible dream. An immense lion, ! fanoied,
was about to spring upon me. In the ut
most terror I sprang TO my feet, instinct
lively grssping my frelock. Footsteps were
approaching.
pulled myself together and had sufficf-
ent presence Of mind 70 give the usual
challenge, "Who comes theref"
"The grand round" was the reply.
"Stand fast, grand round" Icommand-
ed. Advance, sergeant, and give tue
countersign.
The sergeant advanced few PAGES, pro-
nounced the mystic word, and l called
out, "Pass on, grand round; all's well.
1t would not have been well for me had
they caught me asleep. The inevitable
punishment for such crime, under such
circumstances, would have been death. l
had been asleep nearly two hours. THANK.
ed God for my deliverance and vowed
never again to sleep while on sentry. In
deed was too much excited to care for
any more sleep that night.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
a SANTA rans Reen Here. I,

(Margaret Eytinge, In the Homemaker.)
A pretty doll on Christmas morn
Our little grille found,
And viewed II. not with wonder, but
With gravity profound.
And when we asked, In feigned surprise,
Where did II come from. dear?"
Unhesitatingly she said:
why, Santa Taus been here"
Mamma had told her Christmas Eve
The story old and quaint,
About the yearly coming of
The children's patron saint.
How eight feet reindeer drew his sleigh
And how that sleigh was filed with toys
For small folks everywhere.
The baby. as she listened. looked
SO innocently wise,
And when at last the tale was done,
Like starlets shone her eyes.
And DER her face a smile there crept
Most beautiful to see.
A smile OF sweet and deep content,
But not a word said she.
Then, after she her prayer had made,
She went 70 Sunderland
The smile still lingering round hen mouth,
Her cheek on dImpled hand.
And In her happy dreams she heard
The legend told anew.
And woke at dawn without q doubt
That II had all come true.
OH wondrous trust Of iife's nrst days.
BEST faith OF babyhood,
That unquestionlng accepts
From unknown powers each good.
Would they could with our darling blde
As strong for many year
A. when she saId On christmas morn:
why. santa Taus esen hsres"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
MOTHER ANARCHIST LARORATORY
ODD WEDDING CUSTOMS.
Marriage I'm Wales Once Attended by
Peculiar Features.
New York SUM-

New York SUM-
Until quite a recent date marriages in
the rural districts OF Wales were attended
by many curious circumstances.
, When a wedding had been agreed upon
what were called bidding papers" were
sent round TO the friends OF the parties,
which requested the favor Of the invited
persons very good and most agreeable
company" and 1t was added, whatever
donation you may be pleased TO bestow on
us then will be thankfully acknowledged
and cheerfully repaid whenever called for
ON n similar occasion"
This paper was signed by the betrothed
couple and a double postscript was added
on behalf of each, asking for the return
Of "all gifts OF the above nature" to-
gether with additional fayors.
On the day of the wedding II was tho
custom for the bride to be hidden away
by her friends. and four or five represen-
tatives OF the bridegroom would be chosen
TO discover her place OF concealment and
bring her forth, which was often matter
OF considerable difficulty.
Subsequently the friends OF the bride
groom made an attack upon the escort OF
the bride, and between the combatantS
the poor girl often got roughly handler.
But eventually she would arrive at the
church, and the ceremony would be hur-
rledly gone through after which all the
race back TO the BRIDES home, the victor
being rewarded with a pint of ale.
When the happy couple reached home
they seated themselves at a table, each
holding plate for the reception of the
bidding money" Later on practical
Jokes were largely INDUCED in, the newly
married pair being the usual victims.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
Tn Tell Pure silk or Wool.

A simple bat effective practice is IA
vogue in Germany for determining, With
out the aid Of a chemist, whether fabric
of silk or wool Is FREQ from admixture y
cotton fibers, Of fax, china grass or other
vegetable constituents. a piece of tte
stuff 10 DO examined, say about 3 Inches
square, Is, after careful cleaning, plunged
into strong sulphuric acid, water beng
afterward added, and the whole boiled. In
about five minutes the fluid Is poured INTO
q clean vessel and made strongly alkaline
by saturation with caustc soda, then aaa.
ing few drops Of dissolved orchil, ana
the mixture il warn I'd for several miA'
utes up 10 temperature Of $50 degree
Now, IL only l per cent Of vegetables
fibers exists 10 the fabric, the reddish W.
let color Of the orcLil is precip!tated' or 10
this takes place only after heating i"F
more than five minutes, the gnantlF
amounts 10 less than per cent !; Is 80
solutely necessary, however, that STAR
should be removed carefully from the Sun
70 be examined, as the presence OF thA'
substance yitiates the result In testing
goods alleged to DO silk the result j. a.
tanned more easily by plunging the sample
into hydroehloric acid. the hber OF si.S Do
ing very soluble in such acid, and u ths
material contains wool or cotton u ~
mains behind.-New York SIM.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24

az limited merely 90 the relative force
OF the various countries In hrst-cinss
hAttie.ships completed during the present
fiscal year. The truth Is that the Admit
rally experts are having their own way
and feel no need 10 threaten their retire.
ment from ONCE. The Cabinet has given
Earl Spencer, First Lord Of the Admiralty.
naval construction.
PARLIAMENTARY CHURCH PARTY.
In view OF the agitation In Great Britain
for Church disestabiIshment, a Parla-
mentary Church party has been formed.
The object is 10 organize In coalition
all members OF the House OF Commons
who oppose diseatablshment Sir L. ..
Powell. who Is most conspicuous In the
undertaking, said yesterday that the Ex-
eeutiye Committee viii, contain two Lioe-
rails, although the majority OF the mem
bers will be Conservative. The party were
already receiving ample funds. he said,
and meant TO scatter their propaganda
in conjunction with the Church Defence
Institute. lie declined 20 give the party
numerical strength, although declaring
that they were receiving recruits daily,
The men OF the Independent Labor party
have become affiliated with the Social
Democratic Federation. and the new coa~
lltion viii put up thirty candidates at the
next general election. Shaw Maxwell, sec
rotary of the Independents, and at the
same time an Official Of the federation
went to Accrington this week TO WORK
against the election of Leese, the Glad
stonian candidate. II was reported mat
Tory gold had been paid 20 him or his
party for this service. He admitted IN
an interview that offers OF considerable
sum had been made from Conservative
quarters. but denied that he or his col
leagues had touched q penny OF It, we
aid not take shilling Nm the Con-
seryatlvcs," were his words. THE work
ingmen alone subscribed 10 the fund
Maxwell denounced John Burns as being
no longer Socialist, but mere poIitl-
oal poodle" The Socialists. ne added
mean; to Gust Burns at the next eiectioh
from his Battersea constituency.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
ELECTRIC Battery In MS sIoalh.

Not long ago Pittsburgh had one OF
his back teeth alled with amaisam. -'n"'
composition filing that j. ~ largely en-
ployed on account Of the facility wIih
which it can be used. While IN New ok
the other day the tooth above The one ,'.A'
had been repaired began to ache te'fiD'y,
so that the gentleman was forced to ~ .
a dentist In that city. To economic i.ii''
the dentist filed this with alnaigam a'7o'
and the pitisbuFger started for bis h'.'l
On his way DO noticed that every time i''
teeth closed no received sort Of sh Gee
trio shock. This increased In inlep''y
until. when he arrived at the hotei' nc
sensation became absolutely painful ~
hurried back to the office OF tho derts.
The doctor had good laugh when -
foGnd that when the metal used ~ 10
amalgam and that used by the pt'sY"'s
dentist came together they fofred a nag
netio current The patient obise.e' y
having . battery in his head, 50 sneta''
kind Of filing was substituted. --I!'S
burg Dispatch.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
nyo,p I.ik.s Birds' Eegs.

II seems odd that huge animal like the
American black bear. able 10 skin a sheep
or slaughter pig or steer likes butcher,
would bother itself about the tiny but
inert larve or the fragile eggs OF bird.
but he does. There is nothing more awk.
ward looking than hew in motion, with
his hnlking, ungainly gait, slouching
along as II be could make no Roadway I'M
less he had wide field to swing himself
in. But the most expert slack wire per-
former cannot surpass the graceful, sure
footed poise Of a bear as he makes hts nom
chalant way out on the bough OF tree,
whore he has discovered bird s nest, from
which be IL bent on extracting the eggs
Hs picks the delicate little things from
their cuplike depository as deity as my
lady's taper fingers lift the bonbon from
Sta satin lined hox.--New York Herald.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
A Plous Mule.


There was n farmer OF this town,
Who had n mule whose name was lobe,
or great renown TO De.
A horse. colt and with one steer.
Two pigs and Il mule 10 add,
Made up complete the stock on hand
That this young farmer had.
Now. every Sabbath day OF rest,
With horse so fine and sleek,
This farmer, dressed in Sunday best,
Would church devoutly seek.
So leaving Tobe bc;,ind with colt
And steer and pigs and sheep.
To Craze in peace, without revolt
The quiet farm TO keep.
Rut Tobe with Jealous eye did see
That this fat horse was sure
Each Sunday, and not he,
BE brought up to the door.
with shaking head and switching tall
He eyed his master on,
And then he leaped the topmost rail-
And made for church himself.
Nor did he stop along the way,
But did devoutly tread
Until he came unto the house
Where pious prayers were saio.
u
Which lobe In silence spied,
Where colored brethren had just met,
And no one else outside.
with windows low and opened wide
CTwas in midsummer-timeD
He heard the earnest prayer inside
Most loud. II not sublime.
He paused moment. az IN doubt
To which sect 1t might be
VVbafhcr n moan or sing or SnOQt-
To stand or bend the knee.
He closer crept that he might eye
The. parson. whose dress would tell
Whether he wore a Baptist tie,
or Episcopal chasuble.
SO thrusting through the window wide
His head and ears quite Tar,
Surveyed the solemn scene inside
OF brethren bowed In prayer
And thinking that the time to say
Amen" had surely come,
He made one loud, unearthly bray.
And quickly turned TO run.
The Sisters screamed, the deacons
moaned,
The "bretheren" all rushed out;
The parson in fearful accents groaned,
Dat was old GabriePs shout"
But lobe was fleeing far away,
And did not stop until
He reached the other Westinghouse,
Which stood Just on the hill.
And when he heard the organs sound,
And long long prayer begin,
He knew twas Presbyterian ground
Which cheered his soul within.
And when his master came without.
with his best girl beside,
lobe Just snickered little shout
To see the future bride.
But lobe was ever after kept
In rigid durance vile.
Where he in silence often wept,
And was never seen 10 smile.
Alas! Alas! that church should be
Henceforth to him denied,
Because he hung around the door
And ope'd his mouth too wide.
When he did only initiate
The custom as in town,
Where every Sunday Is seen TO walt
A crowd of boys renowned.
Who stand at window and at door
Full two phalanx deep,
And do not say "Amen"-oh, no
But at the girls do peep.
e. C. NJ.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
AN OBSCURE PRESCRIPTION.

Where an Incorrect Interpretation Would
Have Necsssitated Calling In a Coroner.
A prescription written by we'll known
physician in New York gave the follow
ing directions: First day take three pills
at intervals Of an hour; second day take
two pills at intervals of an hour; third day
take one and then stop"
This is certainly obscure, and as mat
ter OF fact the wording Of the prescription
came near causing serious trouble. The
direction for the third day would be likely
of course to make any one pause to consid-
er what was meant by the whole, but IL
that last direction had not been given 1t
would have been easy for some people to
Interpret the directions as "take three pills
every hour during the first day and two
pills every hour during the second day"
What was meant Of course was that thee
pills were TO be taken on the first day, ons
pill at time, with an hour between every
pill, two pills on the second day, one at
time, with an hour between each, ana one
pill only on the third day.
But there certainly was danger In the
directions to people who were either not
quick to grasp point or were careless In
following the whole meaning. Suppose,
for instance, some one had undertaken
70 read the directions on the installment
plan, SO to speak--that 10, suppose he had
thought Sufficient to the day Is tho evil
thereof, and had considered that IL would
be time enough to study the directions for
the second day when the second day came.
Then he might have taken three pills every
n ~ n l. .a<.t1td
have done the rest.
But, to be serious, 1t Is desired here to
impress upon physicians that no room
should be left for doubt as to their can
ing, and upon those who read the direc-
tons of physicians prescriptions thatfhey
should read the whole carefully, and then
hesitated il they are in doubt.-New York
Tribune.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
Curious Rocks In MsshonaIsnd.

A characteristic feature OF Mashonaland
is the kopie. Some descriptions of these
curious elevations are given in a letter to
Professor Geikie, by ]. b. Don, formerly
one Of his pupils. A uniform granite for
nation is, he says, by far the most promi-
nent geological popularity of Mashonaland
and indeed OF most Of the interior OF
South Africa. Sometimes it rises into
mountains, but usually the general level
is only broken by low kopjes, and in those
parts where the bedrock and surface are
--LATEST the kopjes present the most singu-
lar appearance. The whole country seems
dotted with these curbstones, and in
whichever direction you look they gradu-
ally close in the view, as the trunks OF
trees would in forest. Some OF these
curbstones are 800 feet or more high,
sheer all round. and apparently Of smaller
diameter than height. Sometimes the orig
inal mass has been SO broken mp as to
form the most marvellous steeplelike struc-
lures springing out OF the rich foliage that
grows in all the crevices. Native huts are
built on these kopjes in the most inacces-
sible positions--London News.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
OrientaI snnerstitions.

The respect for the animal world, ,gen-
eral in Hindoo and Buddhist societies, Is
founded, with the tenet of transmigra-
ton, on the same fixed belief in the en-
durance and evolving advance Of every In
dividual being. No spot is empty Of life
In the Indian mind. A Deccani or Bengali
laborer, at his meal In the jungle, throws
behind him fragments Of his chupatt5 for
the invisible Bhuts and Prets to eat. In
India, as in Japan, festivals (shraddhas)
are made for the dead with scrupuious
regularity, at which their seats are duly
set. The east is saturated with the meatal
and social results of this universal acaep-
lance OF. the notion that individual life Is
inextinguishable. A digni1ed calm spreads
throughout the oriental populations, .
permanent uninquiring placidity, notice
able by the most careless or preiud'ced
eye.-Sir Edwin Arnold. I.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
ELECTRICITY FROM WIND.
Ingenious Arrangement by Canadian
Electrician.
Montreal Witness.)

Eugene Baldwin an amateur electrician,
has put about twenty sixteen-candle-
power incandescent lamps into his resi-
dence, at Dixv1lle. Quebec. which he is
going to light with storage batteries,
manufactured by himself, and so ar
ranged and connected with dynamo and
wlnd-wheel that the whole arrangement
will work almost automatically.
A short distance from his dwelling he
has erected a tower ffty-eight feet high.
Upon this tower is a sixteen-foot galvan-
Ted steel wind-wheel which Is connected
by vertical shaft with the machinery
below. In the base OF the tower there IL
a room fourteen feet square in which are
the dynamo regulator, automatic switches.
and other accessories. The dynamo was
also built by Mr.. Baldwin. and Is 1909
Watt machine, with certain improvements
which make it moro suitable for its spe-
cial work.
Connected with the counter-shaft Is a
regulator which keeps the electric poten-
tial at uniform voltage. There Is, In
addition to this, an electromagnetic
switch that opens and closes the circuit
Of the charging current whenever the po-
tential of the dynamo. in stopping, falls
below the voltage OF the accumulators,
or rises above II In starting. The storage
batteries are designed TO Icy up supply
OF electricity sufficient TO light the lamps
for three or four evenings In case OF a
lack of wind for motive power.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
The MAJORS STORY.
jim Carroli's Thirst for Yankee Blood Was
Almost Unsuitable.
New York Tribune.)

(New York Tribune)
This was a story told by the maJor-the
major who was three times wounded by
the Yankees, twice captured, once ex-
changed. and once escaped. III he bears
any ill-wiIl to the North or thinks OF
his mart in the conflict as anything but
the Jolly lark OF a youth, there Is nothing
IN his manner or words TO show IL Some
of the majors stories are not new, even
In the North. but, told as ne San , r,a
keen eye sparkling. and his lips ready at
any moment to curve with an infectious
smile, those stories are always sood 10
lisen to. and In a gathering they all re-
ceive generous applause. But ior the
II was pretty hot fighting. and Jim Car
roll rode over to where General Lee was
and said: =,
General, form me into a separate di,
vision by myself. and let me 80 ana
slal,,.hter the Yankees. can't Kill enough
~ fherl when I'm In anybody elses
Command" and then Jim Carroll rode
on ,,,t,e while later General Lee noticed
that one part OF his army was doing TER
ythie execution with the enemy: IL WAS
lin Carrolrs division formed OF himseiI,
The General rode up ana W. Mat s,nrY tine tine
major begins TO talk very rapidly.
Jim Carroll" said General Lee '"nat
are you doing?'' ~ p.u,
killing Yankees" said JIM; Bang
'a aIim Car Carroll" said General Lee. how
many have you knledy
@fros.'~ know" said Jim. Bang! bangN
and down came six Yankees.
Jim Carroll" said General Lee. this
y Bang SS bsng!! and down came six Yam
lin Carroll" said General Lee. cant
vou stake your thirst for bioodT
Bang! bang!. and down came hx fan-
Jim Carroll" said General Lee. cant
Won ratlate your mad desire for siaugh-
terri ..x .4
Bangi bangI and down came six Yam
kexA $780,.
10 spill this human hlood-"
Cant stop" enid Jim. Bang' bangli
sp1 aoy cs, ssns 8, IA xs Co.,, rss xou
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-12-24
Enxraxad diamonds.

As this IL an age OF novelties. and for
eign designers are struggling to produce
striking effects, you may receive a shock
by hearing that engraved diamonds are to
be a favorite wrinkle among people. to
whom precious stones are drug. Marie
Antoinette had her name engraved oan a
diamond set in ring, which Is now5for
sale in London. This ring was among the
late French crown Jewels, and it has given
leading jewelers. an idea that Is likely TO
bear fruit over here, where faie woraon
deny themselves nothing their husbands
and sweethearts choose to give them.--
Boston Herald.