The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-11-02
HOW 70 Earrel Anples.

HOW - barfei AppieH'
F. Take the barrel under the tree for con-
yenience, pick the apples with care, plac-
Ing them I'm without sorting, and when fill
ed head the barrel without pressure.
The picking baskets can be obtained OF
double stave, perfectly smooth inside, so
as not TO bruise or scratch the fruit, and
with a swinging bail, then the half bushel
size will so inside Of the barrel, and
fruit can be poured out Of it without
bruisng.
The barrel should be new. bright, well
made and Of good material, and, for all
large markets, must contain three bushels.
After filling the barrel wheel it into the
fruit house or cellar and let it remain there
during the sweating or curing process.
When ready 10 make n shipment the pro-
cess OF sorting begins. Have a large
table in the fruit room. and on it empty
the barrels, two at a time. Apples can
be selected much better In this way than
IL picked from a heap from the floor.
Aim TO select none but perfect apples,
but as those Of every variety have differ
ent degrees Of perfection in size, form and
color, make two classes and mark them
accordingly. In packing or filling the bar
rel, the object is TO get into the barrel
the largest quantity with the least injury
10 the fruit. Apples are very easily in
jured by too much pressure applied 10
them In packing, and also by being packed
too loosely. When the barrel is properly
filed, instead OF putting on the proper
head in the first place, use a false cushion
head which viii play loosely in the barrel
This cushion head IS lined, a piece of old
sacking answering well for the lining
Considerable pressure can be applied "a
this cushion head without injury to the
fruit. Place this cushion upon the apples
and apply the press with sufficient pressure
10 get the apples together throughout the
| barrel.
Many use no press at all; This is sure
to lead to the greatest loss. Many use a
long poll for lever; this IS never salts
factory, as It generally Is one-sided
result in packing and will shake loose
The screw press IS preferred to the lever
| press as made for apple packers. Now
when the apples are pressed together
throughout the barrel remove the false
head and place the head proper apply
the press and complete the work In mark
ing use the word choice" or medium"
as the case may be, stenciled I'm small
letters on the barrel. accompanying the
| name OF the apple Then on each barrel
stencil the name OF the packer in fullas
a guarantee OF the uniformity OF the
package throughout
Judge Henley, as president OF the board
read his report. which dealt In a genera
way with the labors and accomplishment
| OF the department He spoke very highly
Of the Virginia Handbook. and stated
| that the second edition OF the handbook
now I'm press. would contain Governor
| McKlnney's article on Vigrinia. published
| in the book OF the -Four Southern Gov
| errors"
He recommended the creation Of ar
| equalization board TO remedy the com
! plants OF unequal taxation in the different
| counties. He also recommended a gener
| eral dog law for the protection Of sheep
raising and the repeal or the mOdifica-
ton OF the usury law so that capital vii
come into the State for loan to land hold
| ers. The report was acted on serlateH
and unanimously adopted.
The committee on publication, to whom
was referred the commissioners annual
report made it's report through Chairman
| Gaines, complimentary TO the commits
sioner, and the report was accepted.
work for the Year.
The commissioners report showed tha
| OF the $4,000 appropriated for the depart
| ment, s7,5Sj.72 had been expended from The
general fund The work accomplished
was much greater, except as 10 institutes
and immigration, than for some years
but the general conditions were encour
| aging. Only two Institutes had been he'll
| by reason Of the fact that the board di'
| not know whether the money 20 pay 10
| them was 70 come from the fertilizer o
the general fund until II was too late Z
hold them. Commissioner Whitehead re
| ferred to the advantages Of poultry rails
| ing. and encouraged It by setting forth Tn
good results already obtained in the stat
| by persons who devote some time 70 chick
ems, ducks, etc. His paper dealt at som
length upon immigration citing the nee
| Of additions to the Industrious white ele
! ments Of the State.
There were now millions OF acres o
land in Virginia lying idle. It could D
bought for almost nothing, and with sue
climate and social conditions as the stat
aYords every acre should be in cultiya
| ton. - -
He too. spoke highly Of what had re
suIted from the distribution OF the hand
hook. He suggested to the Legislature I
Ave this great question, immigration
some consideration during its next SEES
sion. speaking about labor in the State
| colonel whitehead said that much farm
| - hara yas done under the cOntrac