davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
niagara Committing Suicide.


Formerly the Canadian side OF the
Niagara Falls was U-shaped, which
caused the name Horseshoe Falls to be
given it. For the last ten or dozen
wears, however, that side OF the fall has
been V-shaped instead Of U-shaped, the
change being caused by a wearing away
of the ledge over which the waters
pour. Jan. 4, 1889, a great displace-
ment of rocks again took place and now
the Canadian side of the great cataract
is known as Horseshoe Falls" 1t Is
pretty generally known that the falls OF
Niagara are moving to the south. A
deep cut through the solid rock marks
the course they have taken in their
backward march. 1t is wonderful ex-
cavation, a mighty canal dug out by the
sheer force of falling water. Not less
astonishing the removal OF all this de-
bris. The rocks have been thoroughly
pulverized and swept out into Lake On
uartg. UncU II was peHeVeu InaI tne
falls would ultimately wear back &C
Lake Erie and degenerate into a sec'
ond- class rapids. The latest idea IL
that the fall will recede two miles fur
Their to the southwark and then stol
still; that is, as far as the backward
tendency is concerned. The cause o
this will be that at that point SOLE
foundation for the limestone ledge owe
which the waters pour will be found
Two miles OF wearing back Will max
the falls only eighty feet in height, In
stead of 100, as at present
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

AN Iowa woman has received a
verdict for sl5, 900 from the Illinois
Central, Railroad for the killing OF
her husband, who had been q brake
map. The award is the largest ever
made in that State in suit OF the
kind, and one OF the largest on record.
A few such verdlcts will teach rail-
road managers the utility of adopt
ing safety appliances. Managers may
even see the. time when an automatic
coupler of. uniform pattern will be
looked upon by them as an excellent
investment When employees are
rated at sl5, coo, their slaughter is ex-
pensiye, ana makes inroads upon the
company's, Golfers that at once appeal
to the. corporations nearest approach
to soul,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

The Senate Tuesday passed the House
bill requiring polls to be opened at a M
The House INDUCED In protracted hght
over the Moore bill. authorizing the mayor
OF Detroit 10 appoint members OF tho Board
OF Education OF that city. The bill failed
20 pass but the vote will be reconsidered
In the course OF the discussion Representa-
tive Moore declared that the Detroit Board
OF Education Is the most corrupt body Ia
Michigan and the people wished TO rid
themselves OF IL
The Senate bill providing tax OF one
sixth OF u mill In support OF the State upi-
yersity was amended Wednesday SO as TO
REQUIRE the regents TO maintain all the de-
partments upon an equal standard. failing
which the tax be reduced to one-twentdeth
OF a mill The bill then passed by, a vote
OF "a tor. Mr. Sumner offered concur
rent resolution providing for mai al
iournment on May 20, which was laid over
one day under the rules. e,
Miss susan Anthony, who was an adj
yocate of the woman suffrage movement
before Michigan became State, sat in the
Legislature Thursday and saw the House
defeat the bill providing for female SUI
fringe at all municipal elections. by. vote
OF 80 TO 49, The vote was reconsidered ana
the bill laid on the table The bill author or
king the city of Detroit TO expend $500, GOD
for the. purchase OF. an" electric lighting
pl ant. which passed the House, encountereq
| Hard shedding In the Senate An amend
ment was made TO the bill prohibiting tne
| city from commercial lighting, and proyid-
| ing that the question OF buying the plant
| be submitted to a vote OF the people The
| amendments made by the House TO the Dill
providing for is mill tax for the support
| Of the University were, concurred in by the
| Senate Governor Rich, 1t Is deemed GER
tain, will sign the bill. p. su.
| The woman suffragists received grain
| of comfort Friday by the action OF the
| Senate upon a bill exactly similar TO thai
/ which went down TO defeat In the House
| Thursday The measure was taken from
| the table, aud motion TO indefinitely
postpone its consideration was tabled on
| yea and a nay vote of 81 TO G. This Is no.
| decisive as to final action. but II has
| favorable look The House joint resoiu
ton for the submission OF con-
stitutional amendment for the employ
ment of convict labor on public high way
i after long discussion, had all after Tn
/ euacting clause stricken out During th'
discussion plan was proposed for the EN-
ployment of this class which meets Will
| favor 1t is to credit convicts with 20 pc
cent of their labor as compared with ire
labor, to deduct from this the cost OF main
tenance, and pass the balance, II any, to
fund for the benefit of those dependen
upon them and the families of those &c aims
whom they have committed capital or dis
abling offenses. The House adopted con
current resolution for final adjournment
May 25. 1t went. to the Senate and wa
| there tabled. .fr
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

An Interesting Relic which WIN DO Mn
hibited ~ Chicago.


The famous Liberty Bell OF Phila
lelphia will be sent 10 Chicago Tor
exhibition at the Worlds Fair, where
IL will be hung in the State building
OF Pennsylvania. 1t will be escorted
by four OF the biggest policemen
Philadelphia can produce, and two
will guard 1t day and night during its
stay In Chicago 1t will be taken
West on the Pennsylvania Road, and
will be placed on an open truck, SO
that it can be seen by every one dur
ing the journey. A committee OF the
City Council will accompany the bell
land formally place IL In the custody
OF the Chicago authorities.
This bell has most interesting
history. 1t weighs 1850 pounds,
stands four feet high. and upon one
side is an inscription and the Script
ure text: Proclaim liberty through
out the land unto all the inhabitants
| thereof" The old bell, from its lofty
situation in Independence Hall, has
looked down on many stirring scenes
| In connection with our early history
| Until Its usefulness was impaired b,
| the fisspTe in its side, which was first
discovered in 1885, 1t was rung o:
every occasion of great public Joy Q:
sorrow. The bell was made in l75(
| in London and brought to Philadel
phia the next year, where it was re
ceived and hung with great public
rejoicing. However, a. disappoint
ment awaited the people, for tn
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

THE killing Of young woman at
San Diego by another young woman
who had "playfully" pointed a gun at
her is but another instance of Grim.
maj stupidity SO gross as W TIC wfroiiy
without excuse. There is an appal-
ling list of murders due to this habit
of "playfully" pointing guns. Gun:
were not made to play with. 1t is,
in fact, difficult to believe that any
one would point gun at a friend and
pull the trigger in a playful spirit
unless the offender was at least in
part imbecile. No one poisons food
in jest, OF loosely throws vitriol,
There should be heavy punishment
meted out to the pointers Of guns. II
is true that after having slain
friend or two such people seem to re-
greet their acts, but this neither
mends the matter nor suggests tt
other weak minded individuals hav
ing access to guns the desirability o
refraining from slaughter.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
onset the Onions.

1t is told of a well-known Ken
lucky Colonel that once he invited a
gentleman to dine with him at Cham
berlin's. in Washington. Among
other things ordered was porterhouse
steak, with onions. His guest asked
to be excused from partaking of. this
dish. alt gives me a bad-smelline
breath" he said. .
Never you mind about that" re
marked the Colonel; wait till YOU
get the bill-that will take your
breath away"
The ease with which the Colone
changed from host to guest nearly
took his friends breath away. The
bill did so completely.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

Tt is sad to see the genial Col. In
gersoll declaring against crinoline.
The declaration seems entirely out
of harmony with the great agnostic's
usual liberality Of view. But he APP
pears to think that hoop skirts would
obstruct public thoroughfares and
conveyances; and thus come under
the law. And he draws an irresisti-
bly, funny picture of himself shining
up telegraph pole to avoid being
swept into the gutter by all-invading
crinoline.. Good gracious, COLONEL
Did you never hear Of the telescope
hoop, which shuts up with noiseless
dexterity when the wearer approaches
crowd? Did you fancy that fem
mime invention was not equal to q
little emergency like that?
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

very first time it was rung
il cracked 1t was impossible to
send it back to London so some work
men attempted to cast over. The
mold was opened chlo, 1853, and
apparently all had gone well. But
the bell did not have a good sound
and 1t was believed that too much
copper had been added and so a third
casting was made. This was success
full and the bell hung undisturbed I'M
til 1873, when it was removed to
Allentown, Pa, to avoid capture and
melting into cannon by the British.
Upon the evacuation of the British it
was brought back and has ever since
remained undisturbed, with the ex-
c~ption of ten days in 1885 when 1t
was taken to the New Orleans Elk
position.
1t derives it's historic value from
the fact that the signing of the Dec
| laratlon of Independence by the Con-
tinental Congress July A, l776, was
announced to the people of Pniladel'
phia by its ringing.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

ia the large family parlor. TN
prophets bell would be heard re-
echolng through, the long hallway as
the clock struck the hour and every
body was required % be present I'M
less kept away by some good or sum-
Gent cause 1t was a wonderful sight
to see flock OF ten or twelve chill
dren OF about the same age run to
his knees for the family salute and TO
note how he had a kiss and "A playful
word for each. Among his wives and
children he was regarded with some
thing akin TO awe, but an awe that
was accompanied by a profound re-
npect. All the wives addressed him
and spoke Of him as Brother Brig
ham," The children of the various
wives mingled together like own
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

handle bar Ia the hands Of the rider,
the propeller driven by cranks and
gearing, so as to use to the best adj
vantage the strong leg muscles of the
rider. 1t is extremely simple, not
costly to build nor likely to get out
of order. 1t will be as closely as
practicable large, soaring bird, the
soaring being chosen as the model OF
a flying machine, because 1t is more
difficult to initiate the tapping move
ments of the supporting surface than
it is to hold them rigid anu supply
the driving power by screw propel-
ler Further, the most graceful and
largest birds are soarers, while the
smaller birds do not soar as a rule,
which, would seem to be hint that
even Nature found it more conven-
lent for her large birds not to flap. IL
contains little that is new or has not
been proposed heretofore, but careful
experiments and much study have
led TO the belief that it is sufficient
for its purpo.e.
The great step, and the next one tt
be taken, is that of acquiring the
labilityito use the machine. This has
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
weather wnste Of so.t Coal.

The weather waste Of soft coal being
a settled fact, an allowance for its
loss is to be taken invo account by the
large consumers. The loss, as scien-
tifically stated, is due to the oxida-
ton taking place during the ex-
posture OF the COAL the result being a
lessened heating capacity, From a
careful and continued series OF ex.
periments made in Europe it has been
found that as result of exposure To
the weather, though anthracite and
camel coal suffer but little, the
ordinary bituminous coal deprecia.es
nearly oneethird in weight, and
nearly one-half in gasmaking prop
critics. Age Of Steel.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
ORIGIN OF PLUM DUFF,
How the Favorite Dish of Sailors Received
It's Name.

How the Favortte DIN OF Sanors'HeceNco
It's Name.
There are many traditions respect
ing the origin of the name "Plum
Duff" the great holiday dish OF
sailors. No feast on shipboard is
considered perfect without IT. Ac-
cording to the story given in the his
tory of the British navy, an English
brig in the South Pacific was caught
in series of awful hurricanes. All
on board were anxious to reach port
in time for Christmas, but the holt
day found them still off the Nayi-
gator Islands. Worst of all, they
had shipped sea that carried away
the hencoop containing a few chick
ems. When the cook saw the Christ
mas dinner floating in the lee SOUP
pers and in danger of going over
board he made a gallant charge down
the slippery, sloppy deck to recover
| it, but at that moment. a great wave
broke high over the bulkwarks, broke
with resistless fury. on the very spot
where he stood, and when it sub
sided cook and chickens had both dis
appeared. -
This unfortunate accident left the
crew not only without a Christmas
dinner, but without any one to pre-
pare an ordinary meal. The sailors
were heartily sick of bareback, and
remembered with longing the famou:
plum pudding of Merrie England
They determined that somehow they
must have a Christmas pudding, ant
drew lots as to who should be cook
The choice fell on the boatswain''
mate, a brawny son OF the Emerald
Isle. In the galley he found an OLE
ivyyuht,ool..----gstTf5- ire voivIunfy pUrct
over in search of something prom
Using, but for lack OF skill or material
found nothing he dared ventura
upon. At last he settled upon
recipe which began, make a still
dough-" When he reached the wor,
dough hesaid tn himself, IF r-o-u-g-l
spells ruff, dough spells duff" ;
he made the pudding, putting Il
some fine Malaga raisins, and serve
!. itout. with generous quantity Z
rich sauce. The sailors hailed 1T wit
delight and appreciation. "Wha
dye call it," they asked. "Plur
duff, said the proud cook. And piur
duff it has remained from that da
to this. Manchester Times.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

The death of General Beauregard
is an event in the history of the coun
try which marks its successive chap
tiers as milestones mark the progress
of traveller along the highway.
The Union army had but one full
general, and he, Grant, was made
such only about the tipe when dthhf
war closed. The title was Continued
for Sherman and Sheridan, and be.
came extinct with the death of the
latter. The Confederate army had q
number of full generals, Including
Lee, Joseph Z. Johnston. Stonewal'
Jackson, Beauregard and Others o.
the great Southern military leaders
he was the most skillful military en-
gineer on the American continent
and was but little if any inferior t.
the great European masters of engi
neering science.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

A PIcKPoCKET was brought into
Judge Campbell's court at San Fran
cisco recently, and the Judge prompt
ly turned him loose. The only evi.
dence against the prisoner seemed to
be that he had been caught with his
hand in a strange woman's pocket.
Just why this evidence was not con.
sidered pertinent of course the mere
lay mind cannot hope to understand.
But hereafter pickpockets who do not
cIamor for a change of venue t.
Campbell's court will be neglectful o.
their own interests.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
Freaks of Fashion.

In 1000 the French fardlngale was bell
shaped; a little later, IL resembled an
en- ormous soup tureen turned upside
down.
LooKINe- GLASSES, Of polished bronze
or silver, were q necessary adjunct to
the toilet in ancient as well as modern
times
GREEK dandies, like Alclbiades. al
lowed their hair to fall on their shout
ders, and at night rolled the curls round
q stick.
THE Turkish turban came In during
the reign OF John OF France II was
sometimes three feet high and as big as
a barrel.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

achusetts TO forbid anything but
a popular approval OF any well de-
y.sed scheme for the general improve
ment Of country roads, and for the
appropriation OF sufficient means to
make this Improvement general
and permanent one. 1t is safe TO say
that the, legislative work to which
the law makers OF Massachusetts will
now direct their attention will prove
both interesting and Instructive.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

CHILL, 1t is said, will send no ex-
hibit to the Worlds Fair, because
she "has not forgotten the Baltimore
incident" The absence of the ex-
hibit will not be very important.
The allegation of good memory Is,
however, of some consequence. Chill
ought to cherish the Baltimore incl
dent and draw therefrom lesson in
good-manners that will extend its be-
nign influence even to the third and
fourth generations.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
as a. consequence a new Governor

as a consequence a new Governor
was appointed. Brigham dcfled the
Federal authority and said: III am
and will be Governor and no power
can hinder it until the Lord Al
mighty says: Brigham, you need
not he Governor any longer" In
1867 Alfred Cumming was appointed
Governor, and supported by an army
reduced the Mormons to submls-
sion.
Brigham's residence in Salt Lake
was the Lion House and here his nu-
merous wives dwelt. Each wife had
her own suite OF apartments. into
whose precincts the other wives sell
dom or never intruded. In summer
at and in winter at o'clock, says
Mr. Mac Knight, who being a relative
OF Brigham, dwelt at one time In tho
Lion House, morning prayer was held
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

beeen the gre t
stumbling block to
progress in the past,
and like any hidden
foe it has been more
powerful because 1t
has not been recog-
nized by the inven-
tors of the world.
They have spent
their time in inn
prov ing the ma
| chine, searching for
a lighter metal or q
more compact motor,
or more efficient
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

brigham to the, front and he became
the leader of the movement
1t was critical time. An agita-
ton for the expulsion of the Mormons
from Illinois had sprung up and. per-
secution was rife against them. Brig
ham began preparations for the exodus
which was inevitable. The first of a
band Of pioneers was dispatched TO
-t,t,rzIr-ury tir, vvoy--te, -tlso-I-oat- Salt
valley. They established camps and
planted crops for the shelter and sup
port Of the oncoming thousands.
Meantime the charter of Nauvoo had
been repealed by the Illinois Legisla-
ture, the city was bombarded and the
Mormons were forced out. In l847
the great bulk of the Mormons
reached the Great Salt valley. Brig
ham founded Salt Lake City and
pointed out to his people the SINH
larity of their tribulation to that OF
the ancient lsraelites, noting the nat
ural confguration OF the country,
which resembles that of Pales-
tine, as proof Of the divin'
ity that shaped their ends.
From that time Brigham was the
king OF his people, the absolute ruler
of the colony. He established roads
through the mountains, built saw
mills and grist mills, perfected
schemes of irrigation and encour
aged the growth of cotton. In 1851
Utah was organized into n Ferritor,
and Brigham was appointed its Gov
ernor for four years. In 1852 Brig
ham proclaimed the celestial law o
marriage, sanctioning polygamy, ant
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

THE Goulds are reported to be try.
ing to eyade payment of taxes. They
declare that they have no personal
property In this extremity the
great public heart will go out to the
orphan boys in wave Of sympathy.
Possibly some arrangement could be
made by which they can acquire a
little personal property and the taxes
be met by popular subscription.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
protbers an Congress Again.

Not since the days Of the Washburn' 9
have there been brothers In the came
Congress. History, in this respect, will
repeat itself next year. Senator Cock
reil, OF Missouri. will enter upon his
fourth term, and at the same time his
brother, Representative Cockrell, oi
Texas, will begin his first term. The
Senator is the younger OF the Drothers,
by two and a half years. But he has
eighteen years the start OF the Iexan IN
Washington life. Both OF the Cockreiis
are lawyers.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
Not sound.

A New-Yorker forwarded to one Of
his friends i'm the West a. set OF Col.
Ingersol's works. Then he sent a
telegram informing him what he had
done, and expressing the hope that
the books would arrive safe and
sound. A few days afterward he re-
celvcd telegram from his friend
who was an orthodox Presbyterian
which ran this way: Books arrived
safe, but not sound.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

THE captain of the steamer which
towed the disabled Spree into port
has received s24, 900 for salvage.
Evangelist Moody claimed that his
prayers saved the Spree, but his claim
probably wouldn't be upheld by the
admiralty courts.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

SCIENCE announces that cholera
bacilli do not live long in the body
that has been properly buried. This
may be of interest in a general way,
but the habit Of flourishing in the
body that has not been buried and is
opposed to being buried, is what has
made the bacllli so unpopular.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

AT Brighton, N. J., a small club OF
fifty members has been organized. BY
the terms OF admission one Is chosen
every year to get off the earth and
make more room for people of sound
mind. The melancholy possibility
suggests itself that the present stock
of imbecility, unless Providence be-
nignly interfere, may last half CEN
furV
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
rrlrn.lIx Advice.

A duchess now often dresses no
better than her lady's-maid. A lady
of this rank, who, apparently, did not
dress up to her title, went into a
London shop and ordered a dozen
pocket handkerchie and asked To
have them embroidered with Il and
duchess, coronet. ooh, ma'am,
said the friendly shopwoman, "if
was you, 1 wouldn't have q Ouch
ess'l"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

THERE is a scramble for the mill
ions of the Economics. 1t is under
stood that Teed would be pleased TO
soothe the itch of his palm with some
of the gold. The great State of
Pennsylvania also wants it. In the
contention the only certainty is that
the Economics are going to get left.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

THE French Republic will be all
the stronger for the Panama revela-
tions. All the bribe-givers and BRIDE
takers in high places will be turned
down. and each class will receive a
lesson which will have q good effect
throughout the country for score
of years at least.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

KING HuMBERT has made the Com
poser Verdi Marchese di Bassett, In
recognition, OF his talent, but his
friends hope that in spite of his eie-
walton he win still be able to com
pose just as good music as before. ~
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

M. lola has been defeated four
times in his effort to gain a seat In
the French Academy. The I'm
mortals insist upon keeping him out
side until he is thoroughly disinfected.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23

THERE is no fear that Massachusetts,
will 90 astray in the solution of her
roads QUESTION. The State Highway
Commission appointed by Governor
Russell is doing its work in a thor
ouQh and effective way, and there Is
enough intelligence and thrift in
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1893-03-23
Rather CLASSY.

A glass factory at Liverpool has
@glass journal boxes for all its ma
chinery, a glass floor, glass shingles
on the roof, and smoke-stack los
feet high built wholly Of glass bricks,
each foot square"