The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-12-31
NorEs ON SCIENCE AND INDUsrRr.

plished by mixing pulverized anthracite ana
lime water together. and forming the mass
into bruuettes under great pressure these
briqnettes being then brought into contact
with the molten metal In this way exc
actly the desired proportion OF carbon
for the formation OF steel OF various
tempers and qualities can be Impaired
TO the converter This method OF recarbon-
iznR is stated to cost only about one sixththas
OF the ierro-m anRanese plan. but the most im-
portant advantage claimed is tho greater. ac-
curacy and uniformity with'yhich any reauired
the way from the hardest TO tho very toughest
sorts II Ia assumed that rails made according
| to this system will have a lie oil some thirty
nVe TO forty years.
What may be considered somewhat extraors
| binary claims arc pus forth in the Bduteoh-
| mixer in behalf OF the new substance known as
| xylolith. or wood stone a structural material
| composed OF magncsia cement or caclned
| magnesite, mixed with sawdust and saturated
| with solution OF chloride OF calcium. this
| pasty mnsp. before the cement sets. being
suread out into sheets OF uniform thickness,
| and subjected to a pressure OF more than .
| thousand pounds to the square inch. II Ia made
| in sheets. from a quarter OF an inch to an inch
| and q half thick. and OF all sizes. the dimen-
sons being almost Interchangeable by dryness
or moisture A shoot measuring one metre
square when perfectly dry will expand from
| in water. and moist sheet will contract in
| drying 10 about tho same extent Being SO
| little subject to contraction and expansion. 10
| is considered OF special admiration for hoorsin
railroad stations, hospitals. and similar BULL.
ings. and for decks OF vessels &c. Tits readily
| planned sawed. bored. and fashioned with ordi.
| nary wood working tools. and may be painted
| is itself nearly waterproof and may be made
entirely 80 by painting tho surface.
triumph OF mechanical ingenuity. unsur-
passed in it's line. is recorded at the celebrated
| tin works. swansea, Wales. The iron from
which tho sheet was rolled was worked In .
nnery with charcoal and the usual blast after
| ward taken to the hammer to be formed into
| n regular fiat bottom, thence conveyed to
the baling furnace. and when sufficiently
heated taken up to tho rolls. heightened.
| and cut by shears into proper lengths. piled
| up. and trans ferrcd to tho ballinR furnace
nGain. When heated 1t was passed through
the rolls. back again into the balling furnace.
| and when duly brought to the proper pitch
tax en- TO the rolls and made into a thorough
good bar. subsequently,. at the tin mills. IL
was rolled till 1t was supposed to be thinne.
than tyenty.thI1ee Erain,s aite nv passed
polish, the result being the thinnest sheet Of
iron ever rolled that lie. the sheet was ten By
| five and one-lalf Inches or hfty-hve inches In '
surface. OF only twenty grains weight, which. !
being brought to the standard Of eight by Ave
inches, is but sixteen grains. or thirty, per
cent. loss I'll an previous attempts. at least 1900
being required to mako one inch In thickness.
| Tho smok eless combustion OF powdered
| coal. which has recently become an importane
fact in Europe. is greatly facilitated by the
| adoption OF q now automatic mechanism and
| other arrangements. The fuel, instead Of be-
ing introduced in the. ordinary manner. To-
| FIRST grouud to n powder. and. In place OF the
| ordinary boiler trebox. there is n mbustion |
| chamber In the form o. q closed furnace lined
| with friedrich. and having an Injector similar
In construction to those used in oi-burning
furnaces. This chamber has two openings.
one on the centre line and In the place
other on the opposite side. me ori-
ter Aperture and throws Constant Stream
| Of fuel into the chamber. the nozzle being so
the whole space Of the irebox; when the
powder is once ignited which is very readily
perature by an open Are the combustion oon- !
| tinues 10 an intense and regular manner un-
e Carries It IN This current Is Regulated 81 the
amount OF powder required for the production
Grafton Of the weight OF steam demanded.
| new method OF depositing copper is pro-
| posed. by which, as Is asserted. perfectly
| smooth surface Is obtained and by which Q
very dense and firm deposit is assured-such q
method OF electroplating the halls OF steel ves-
soils. in fact. as will keep them from fouling.
also doing away with the necessity for dry
docking. scraping and repainting. The plan
is to plato the bottom OF iron and steel vessels
with q continuous sheet OF copper that
| will be so firmly attached to the iron or steel
that there will be no danger OF any tearing or
by accidental grounding on 6ars DC. and
and set up gaivapie action. The ordinary
method Of dePOsidIng eoPpes see.5ics h on
tbs S Say as hsk Of
| required when thrown down from the ordinary
sulphate solution would be very rough. por-
| GUS and otherwise united.
The use OF the insoluble szo colors. which
are produced when an amino is diazotized
and combined with naphthol. Is said to have
| been patented in France for producing de-
signs on textile Hbres by printing. the method
| adopted being the same as ia now used
| IN printing with the mineral colors. AS au
| example the production OF red 10 In
stanced. this being obtained by printing on
| q color made with four hundred gram.
water. one hundred gram OF the color
nanhthol. 50 grim. gum water. l4O grim.
9g0 one saaa one HR Ss 20 s
| process being accomplished the goods ara
dried and steamed. and then passed intoS
bath containing 90 gram. oxallc acid ana oO
| gram. sulphuric acid in each litre. the tissues
being aiterward well washed in water.
Among the recent mechanical Inventions
brought forward is a removable inner cylinder
| lining to receive tho wear made so as TO be
securely held In position by an outer shell.
| and whom worn 4 can be quickly removed anda
Eew one substituted. Tho outer casing Is split
| from end to end and fanges are provided
along the edges OF the split and also at the
| ends OF the casing 10 these latter the cyl-
| Under heads are bolted In the usual man
| ner and the former. when brought together
| BY bolts clam rs the casing tightly upon the
| hnhg which i provided with a short key Mt
| ting into "a notch AMI thus preventing the linz
| ing from turning. Whom II is desired TO re-
| place a worn lining II Is simply necessary to
| take on one Of the cylinder heads, loosen the
| bolts of the other and those along the side
| fiange, when tho old lining may DO pulled out.
| a new one inserted. and the casing aud heads
| TebOlted, According to this plan a cylinder
| which is to all intents aud purposes new 10
| provided at Rn extremely small cost
| Awrlter in tho OD'iciap. discussing the sub
| jeet " conduetlyity and the feeling Of eoolness
| 10 tho touch Of different substances which are
| at a temperature below the temperature OF the
] bur, ba.Iy citns Soma facts NJ n Intaraafin0