New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1893-06-18
IN THE HIMALAYAS.
EXPLORING AND CAMPAIGNING ON TIE
VERGE OF THE PAMlRS.


WHERE THREE EMPIRES MEET. Mari. Narra'i f',, 81
Recent Travel in Kashmir, Western Tibet Hilg.
M Tna 'ne m na1o'n n usrasions Pp XVI 93
Longmans Green Co.
Almost a year spent in traversng the compare
lively small area bounded by the seventyth'rd and
sevcnty.eighth degrees Of east Longitude
and the thirty-tbird and thirty-seventh
parallels Of north latitude enabled MI.
Knight TO make fairly minute study OF
the races east and rorth Of the fuhJaup IL
is the realm Of Pcrtab Sing, Maharhjih OF haSh-
mir and has become, to all practical intents and
purposes. a part of the British Empire buI' as
il may still be called debatable land, its position
oivos il snccial interest in the frontier politics
Of three great caritals-London Pekln ana ~
Petersburg For Kashmr has been called the
Northern bastion of India. IL stretches up 10 Ut"
socalled Roof of the World, where Russian cN-
nlorers are continually at work, and from whlch'
Il we are TO believe Mr.. knight and other Eng
lsb writers, parties of Cossacks not lhlrequeh.N
,,aho their way among the trlhesin"n 10 inc
soutbwnrd fomcnting disturbances, which, APP
narcn,ly. the British are only too glad 70 haV'
the opportunity Of suppressing. 10 inc 'asI"ar'
the Maharaiah rules over portion OF the lioe'''i
Rnddhists. the inhabitants Of the province Ut
I .doL IIis subjects comprise the greatest Vari-
ctv Of races and religions Almost every shaoc
Of Asatic Mahometanism is represented aiiio"s
them as we'll the more antique Worsihp9 -
Indio and these aptagons,ic beliefs seem actually
10 have been fused into one III inc ihi"'' W
s,mo ,rhes while in others the conflict OF re-
,ieous has produced complete indifference sue"
a. would satisfy the most arrogant 1ree'''ii'N0i
in Europe Polyandry and polygamy CONFRONT
zach other on the confines Of Bait ana l-aoaN'
cha troops Of children among the Batl Ma"oin-
et,ns and the rarity of offspring among WV
Iadaki Buddhists attesting the results Oh '"''o
two antione forms of marriage. MI hhl5"' "''
particularly struck by the fact tha' PoiS"h''s
was accompanied by an emancipation Vi "'""''
unexamrlcd in any other part Of the wori"'
Niobtipp from the train which had hrongh'
him from Roinbay to Rawal Plnd te ra\ciii
found himself in one Of the most important iiiiii-
.arv stations Of the British Empire. Az 10 'n''
,vorl, going on there, however, the reader Will
learn nothing from this book. Mr.. Nhleh' "''
in India not TO disclose brl'lsh secrets ""' "
so,rd Tho ,rumpet over British achievements HIS
volume is mairlv an argument in the loriil VI "
narrative AGAINST those people in England VINO
op,ose further aggression in ASIA lher'' "''
save zone SENS to live in purer atmosphere,
"a o1dtssbiopel patriotism takes the p'ac" OF
r.roch;alnolitjcs souabbling. 1t is In ASIA, per
,ans that ono realizes hest what"ireat britain ~
od thoro ono sces the pick of her sons living inc
,arocr and noblcr life that men should nVe|' DIV
Mr. KNIGHT confcsScs that H. coud hav" gwen III"
inflammation about the military WORKS az h'"',
p,ndi since his departure for Srinagur' inc cdpi'
of Kashmir. was FASTENED by MIR. Charles Spe' J.
ding the engineer who was constructing sia''1io
I'D ost.psihjv for the MaharajalI. but obviously
OF fine highest utility to the Empire. 'is "o,N
,,,s only ono example of the methods ny whicn 'hc
English TO use Mr. Knights phrases. are ac'i>'''
interfering in the administration oil th" cou"''H
and introducing much needed reforms "''io" WI"
rroduco imnortant results in tire Immediate future
Thus for the second time kashmlr mas "eco"i'
Hrit;sb posscsson. Previous to 1919 il wa rule
,v potbon cononorors Then II was capture' ny
,he Sikhs and was ANNEXED TO the PunJann unit
!, .s ossionad hv treaty in 1916 TO 'iolab Singh,
Tho Nahoraiah of Jummu. The English were
thep unaware Of the fertility and attract
i've climate Of the Happy valley anu
were not impressed with the indispensanie hec's
sty Of controlling in their own interest t'e pis'o'
~ the Undoo Koosh and karakoram mountains
Iv the terms of the treaty the MaharaJah was u
nav an indemnity Of seventy-fve laos OF rupees
nominal annual tribute in Kashmlr shawlS' ana T.
hold his army in readiness 10 aid the Empire III
anv war near his frontiers. But the "as,'iu
and oppressive methods of Oriental revenue coiiec'
ing gradually reduced the country to panSrup'cS
ora tho unpaid troops 10 the condition OF mob
This furnished the excuse for Enghsh interference
which has taken the form of loan of certain
civil and military officers to the State of kashmr
1bo ARMY has been reoreanized by English officers
an Fnclishman has control of all the methods To-
collecting revenue and as will be seen later on
any military movement of which the hashmlr
feel themselves incapable easily he shifted u
tho strong hands Of an Imperial agent III was
nc n volunteer under such an agent that MT
knight enloyed the rugged pleasures Oh lilma
layan campaign in midwinter
ANY method of governing the country that wa
systematic must prove welcome to the people liz
English officials equalizod the burdens which 'h
ncoplc had 10 bear, and while augmenting the IN
come of the State left the farmers with sometime
Ia encourage their future labors. The same DC
viccs which had made the agricultursts OF th
Yunjaub prosperous were put in operation 10 r.
store human happiness in that vale which ma
been the theme of romance ever since mahhlh'
heoan the practice of telling tales and composn
verse. Peasants who had been driven into e\lh
hv taxation and by the enforced labor on puoS
roads returned TO their homes. They no longe
lad 70 conceal their crops 10 keep them from be
emo seized In general the picture Of the VALLEY
which Mr.. Knight gives in spite of his resolut
ao,cr,,in,.ion not 10 uuotc from "Lalla Rookh
is iGyllic Only man is vie. The author eA
pres e. the deepest contempt for the character 0
Tie Kashmri, They are a biz, muscular race, bu
cowardly 10 degree uneNamplcd even III ASA
ANY living creature, even halfgrown puppy, cal
fright,n Kashmir into hysterica moaning AM
wcoe:ng This timidity has, perhaps, been tn
cause of their preservation since the Drawer race
that overrln the country found 1t more prohtaDl
TO rob them Of the crops they had raised than I
kill them and tTen undertake the labor OF tlllin
tie land Curousy enough these cowardly peas
anti adhere to a corrupt form OF The most militar
religion ever invented that OF Islam, while th'l
orpressors-at least those of recent times-wcr
IIjndoos whose faith in any form is certainly ia
s.o,, ,,.,l;lxo This is onlN one example Of tn