davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
SHORT OF CURRENCY.
The Chemical Bank Unable to Furnish
Cash FOR tho Central Pay Roll.

The Chemical Bank Unable to Furnish
Cash for tho Central Pay Roll.
New YORK, Aug. 0.-The great scarcity
Of currency at the present time is very
conspicuously shown in the refusal OF
the Chemical Bank to make up the
amount of the New York Central Rail-
road Company's pay roll. Mr.. Depew, the
president of the New York Central, was
seen at his Office. In relation to the mat
ter he stated that the banks refusal to
make up the monthly pay roll was due
entirely to the scarcity OF currency. "Our
pay roll, " he said, amounts TO $500, 900 a
month. The Chemical is our depository
and will 80 continue. IL will give us just
what currency it can, but the present
scarcity renders IL unable TO accomodate
US as formerly, and we must collect it
elsewhere. 1t hss been suggested that we
issue our own notes, but we will not have
to resors TO that measure, as the money is
already in sight. IL would besides hardly
be lawful, though in the crisis Of 1873
many merchants issued notes from five
dollars upwards"
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
1T PLEASES WALL STREET.
The Presidents Message Favorably Re-
ceived by Bankers and Brokers.

The Presidents Message Favorably Re-
ceivcd by Bankers and Brokers.
New YORK, Aug 9.-Immediately af-
ter the message had reached Wall street
and considerably before the average opera
tor had an opportunity to read not to
speak of digssting it, drive was made
against the whole stock market. 1t is an
old device with the bears to sell on a
piece of good information in order to kill
the effect. 1t proved successful once more,
and some long stock was sold 10y holders
who had not time to read the message
and concluded from the drop In prices
that the document was disappointing.
As IA matter Of fact, however, it fully
met the expectations of leading bankers
and conservative Wall street houses, who
have been most desirous that silver legis-
lation should take precedence OF everything
else and that Congress should adjourn as
speedily as possible after repeating the
Sherman silver law.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
TELEGRAPHIC BREvITIEs.

Three children were drowned at Marys-
vile, Kan.
The Ute Indians have invaded Colorado
from Utah.
The seal catch of Cooper island and the
Japanese coast is very poor.
The town of Cspe Charles, Va, was de-
vastated by fire; loss sS00, 900.
The lease of :he Lehigh Valley road to
the Reading has been dissolved.
The home rule bill will 60 before the
house of lords the last of this month.
A masked man held up an electric car
In Omaha and robbed the conductor.
ID. A. Vaight, a drummer, had his left
foot crushed by the cars at New Britain,
Conn.
= An officer on tho staff of Governor Pat
tison of Pennsylvania has been arrested
on charge OF obtaining money on false pre-
tences.
General Fitz John Porter has been ap-
pointed cashier Of the New York post
rfiice by Postmaster Dayton. The place
DAYS $1,000 year
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
HE WAS A STRANGER,

And IL was Case Of he ing Taken in on
Both sides.
JONES Moore, who boards at IS f ,gle
street, came to this city fro Boston on
Monday night, and while on the road met
your z stranger with whom he became
quite thick. The stranger gave his name
a. Fred Bowen and stated that he was
looking for y boarding place in this city.
Moore invited him TO his house and the
stranger went, but yes erday morning the
young man arose frs aud made his way
out into the cold world bearing as trophl, =
OF the event several pair Of pa nts, pair
Of sleeve buttons, a scarf pi n and SO 80 in
money. Moore reported the affair To the
police
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Rearing Maine rish.

wATERvrLLE, Me-. Aug. 9.--The second
annual outing Of the Kennebec Fish and
Game association occurred yesterday at
Great pond. Accounts Of the work OF the
association In rearing trout and land
locked salmon at the Matching house show
that about 5000 young trout Of this years
Matching are now growing finely, and
there are almost rs many salmon In
troughs. The salmon turned out last
year have reached the growth of six
inches
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
An Adopted Daugnler'. Rights.

, CHICAGO, Aug. 0.-Under highly ro-
mantle circumstances Mrs. Eva Lewis, Of
Chicago, was awarded s76, 1S2 by Judge
Lansing In the county court at Lincoln,
Neb. Mrs. Lewis started in life as =
Chicago waif. When years old she was
adopted from the Chicago founding home
by wealthy Jason q. Miller, of Platts-
mouth, Neb., who was childless. lie
agreed to make her his heiress, but when
she reached womanhood she married
against his will and in Miller's will no
mention was made Of her She promptly
sued for share In the quarter million es-
tate and after bitter legal Gght has won
her suit,
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Tho shann Murder Trial.

TRENTON, n. j., Aug. 9.-The trial Of
Mrs Matte G. Sham, indicted for MUIR
dering by poison her 20-year- old son, John
F. Sham, at their home in Princeton on
April 1S last, has just begun here The
peculiar and horrible nature of the accusa-
ton against the woman-the doing to
death by slow torture of her own child to
recover 81, 100 insurance on his life-lends
dread fascination to the trial, and the ex
pected throng of spectators was early on
hand. A jury was obtained yesterday,
and several witnesses examined.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
The Cherokee Strip.

CHICAGO, Aug. 9.-Gen. Miles, acting
under instructions from Washington. has
ordered all the troops in the Indian Terri
tory to be in readiness for an invasion Of
the Cherokee strip on instant notice. In
view OF this command, it is believed in
army circles here that the strip will soon
be thrown open to settlers. Before this is
done one of the troops will patrol the
country and drive put all "Sooners."
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
OLD ACT ENFORCED.
Statesmen Cannot Draw Their None,
Until December.


WASHINGTON, Aug o. Senators and
members of the house who on. coming TO
Washington have been accustomed 10
draw Immediately comfortable little
sum. amounting up in some instances to
hundreds of dollars, for mileage, have
received most unwelcome setback by a
ruling from Acting First Comptroller
Garrison, that as the act of July 2S, 1866.
which Is the law now in force respecting
the compensation of members of congress,
provides that their compensation shall be
5000 per annum and mileage at the rate
of 20 cents per mile. to be estimated by
the nearest route usually travelled ''in
going TO and returning from each regular
session." this mileage will not become due
and payable before the commencement of
the next regular session of congress, which
will convene on the first Monday in De-
cember next.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Minor Court Happenings,

Henry Feldermann was fined SIS md
costs In the police court this morning for
solici' ing passengers unlawfully for the
Continental Steamboat company.
James German, foc stealing n coat
belonging II man named Waterman.
was fined $40 and costs in the Sixth dis
trict court.
Charles Moore was bound over in $500
surety for trial at the next session of the
common pleas division Of the supreme
court. charged with carrying concealed
weapons.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
A uorrluIe Accident.

CLEVELAND, Aug. 9-In the convert
ing department Of the Bessemer steel
works five men were terribly burned and
cooked by molten metal. The workmen
were about to make cast and the appara-
tus became unmanageable. With a hiss
the metal flowed into the pit under the
converter, and as IL struck the water there
was terrific explosion.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
An In..n. Fa,hcr,. D.ed.

ST. LOUIS, Aug 0 John Finn, living at
2s24 Chateau avenue, had been confined
to his house for several days with An at
tack of bilious fever. Yesterday Finn be-
came dclirious. and sprang from bis bed
and seixins q heavy flatiron attempted to
dash out the brains OF his two little boys.
He then Rrssped carving knife and hor-
ribly cut his two little daughters. Finn
then drew the blade across his throat. All
will die
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Ounrrymen FATALLY Injured.

PATERSON, n. j., Aug. 9-James Nor
rell and John Richie, qusrrymen, were
blown 20 feet in the air by premature
blast at the Pompton quarry. Richie's
eyes were blown out and his hands blown
Off Morrell was internally injured and
one arm was broken. Both men will die
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
NEW POsTSfAsTERs.
Another Batch of Names In tho Fourth
Glass Grade Announced.

Another Batch of Names In tho Fourth
Class Grade Announced.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 9.-The total num-
Der Of fourth-class postmasters appointed
yesterday was 75, of which 81 were to fill
vacancies caused by resignation and death.
Among the appointments were the follow
ing:
Vermont - w. l.. Howard, Concord;
Miss CAME Steel, Peacham.
Connecticut - l.. G. Chaplin, Pine
Meadow; J. J. Cyan, Sharon; Burr Haw-
ley. Stepney.
New York-Charles Walsh, Armenia; f.
N Farnham, jr., North Hannibal.
Pcnnsylvania-Charle McGehea, Burnt
Cabins; j. ID. Smith, Emmaville; John
Van Pelt, Marlboro; II. B. Schofield, Paoli;
o. l.. Brown. Turtle Creek; j. s. Covalt,
Warfordsburgh.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Senate Patronage.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 9-The Democratic
members of the Senate will hold caucus
to-day for the purpose, it is said, of dis
tributing the patronage Of the body. 1t is
also probable that in view Of the precipita-
tion of the silver debate that this subject
will receive the earnest attention of the
cancus After this caucus decides what
the Republicans may have, the Republi-
cans will probably hold another conference
tomorrow to settle their appointments.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
THE CITY OF PROVIDENCE.
CHAPTER Dill.

An Ordinance permitting the Union Railroad
company To erect and maintain pOies and wires
in certain streets.
Approved August 4, 1893.
n IL ord aimed by the City Council OF the City OF
Providence as follows;
Section The Union Railroad companyls here
by granted permission In eddition 10 the rights
now possessed by ~. 10 erect use and maletan
DO es and appliances and such Appurtena noes as
may be necessary for the purpose of carrying
and maintaining thereon insulated feed and
power wires for transmitting currents OF electri-
city Tor motive Dower. in. over and along the
potter's avenue from Eddy street 60 Cianston
street Lockwood street from Eddy street 10 Br0ad
ttreet Fddy street from Richmond street 20 Dyer
street: Over street from Eddy street to friendshi
street: Point street from thc Biidge 60 Hospital
street; Winter street from Broad street To Gran.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Raashop May Recover.

The condition OF Basshop. the sailor on
the Pomham. who was badly burned
during the fire on the stean er Yesterday
morning. is reported as being rather
more encouraging The physicians have
slight hopes. however, that he will re-
cover.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Will kattla In Full.

wELLsBURG, w. Va, Aug 9-The Bank
Of Wellsburg closed its doors yesterday
because IL was unable to realize on its
securities. The assets are $500, 900; liabili-
ties half that amount. Sam George, the
president Of tho bank and principal stock
holder, has sufficient property to pay every
stock holder
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09

PHrLADELrmA, Aug. 9.-The directors
OF the Lebigh Valley Railroad Company,
yesterday, in view of the default Of the
Reading Railroad Company on bills
due, dissolved the lease Of the road to
that corporation.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09

SOUTH BEND. Ind, Aug. "a. ID.
Baker, proprietor Of the South Bend
wagon works, has made an assignment.
Liabilities, si2o, 900; assets, s55, 600.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Cholera I'm Europe.

BUCHAREST, Aug. 9.-Fifteen cases OF
cholera and four deaths were reported in
Brahilov yesterday. In Soolina 20 cases
and five deaths were reported.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09

SHAuoKrN, Pa, Aug. 9.-The fire In
Pennsylvania colliery has been extinguish-
ed. Work will be resumed to-day, giving
employment to two thousand hands after
one months idleness,
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Herr at Inst.

The Alien Hotel Cars now on exhibition at north
side Worcester freight house Everything in
readiness for excursion Aug. IL. American Band
afternoon and evening, today and tomorrow.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09

BUCHAREST. Aug. o.-Fifteen cases OF
cholera and four deaths were reported In
Brahilov yesterday. In Soolina 25 cases
and Eve deaths were rsperiea
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Providence savings Banks.

Books on any Savings Bank In Proyid ence will be
taken In exchange and full value allowed without
loss of interest. purchases made through the
Office of VIM. II. Herrick. No. IL Custom House
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
fhc Yacht Races.

No part OF the races can be seen from Newport
harbor. Take steamer Frances which follows the
yachts from start to finish.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Savings Bank

Books on any bank in Providence will be taken In
exchange fer Real Estate. without loss Of principal
or Interest. by VIM. II. Herrick. No. IL Custom
House street.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
without Loss of Principal or Interest.

W. ii. Herrick IL Custom House street, Will take
Savings Bank Books any bank in the city of
Providence in exchange for Real Estate. without
loss OF principal or interest.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09

The Allen compartment cars will be exhlbi-
ton Wedns sdsy afternoon and Thursday.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09

whose ioveth q good business Ioveth
advertisinY but me that despiseth famei,
an asas
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
Windmill Puzzle.

Csn rnd get one at what Cheer Grocery. 81 an,
81 weybossst street
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09

ALMANAC ron WEDNESDAY. Auo. o.
SUN RisEs........ 70 Moon IssEs.. 1 81 AN
LEN EgsoTn sTTs or DAY. 6 FULL SEA Is ss ss
WASHINGTON. Aug. 9.-Forecast for New
England: Variable winds; fair weather;
warmer
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
THE WEATHER.

For tonight-Fair
and warm. For TO-
morrow = Fair and
warmer.
Temperature from
9s. m. Aug. s. to Q
n. m. Aug. 0: High
est. ss.5; lowest. CAS-;
mean, 16.5.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1893-08-09
CHAPTER DIV.

An ordinance In amendment o, Chapter cDxIv.
OF the urdinances entitled AN ordinance max
ing appropriations for the support OF the city
iember 30, $751; ana transferring the sum OF
sS5. .6t0 from the receipts for sewer assessments
la certain uuprOpriatiODS.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1893-10-05
New Advertisements.
TERRIBLE HEADACHES.
Health all Broken-ThOroughIy Built
mp by Hoods sarsapariIln.

was in very distressing and discourag.
ing condition. had no appetite whatever;
could not sleep well suffered with excruciat-
ing headaches. ! felt
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1893-10-05
PREMIUMS AWARDED

AT the Northern Caledonia Fair Last
Week.
Following are the premiums award
ed at the Lyndonville fair, in addi'
ton to what we published last
week.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1893-10-05
CHAMPION OF AMERICA.
T.. HJERTBERG, THE TWO-MILE
SEX,
Recommends Celery Compound to Those
"Om of Condition.

ONE OF THE GENTLEMEN ATHLETES VI
THE NEW JERSEY A. c.
A recent issue of the New York Sport
ing Times devoted its first page to the
record of E. w. Hjertberg, the two-mile
champion steeplechaser of America, and
popular member of the New Jersey
athletic club.
Mr.. Hiertberg, who is an authority on
the matter of training is only
another word for getting into physl-
cal condition-publicly gives some adj
vice to that large class of young and
middle-aged persons who find themselves
run down, nervous, unable to work,
half sick, unable to sleep well; in brlef,
"out of condition" He says;
II went through a thorough system
of training last winter, but found that
still needed something invigorating to
build me up. | determined to avail my
self of the benefits of scientific discovery,
and resorted to the use of Paine's celery
compound, which | had heard a great
deal Of found it very beneficial in ev-
cry way. 1t gave me good appetite,
built me up and was very invigorating.
This is what Paine's celery compound
has done for me, and not only endorse
it but highly recommend it to athletes
and all those who need something to
certainly assist them"
Mr. Hjertbergs experience is the expe-
rience of thousands.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1893-10-05

Outline embroidery, Ethel Wilmarth
Crochet lace, Emma Weleh
Night dress, Mabel Nicholson
Knit stockings, Edna Emerson
Loaf cake, Myrtle Joslyn
Patch work, Ida Jenkins
Jesse Wilmartb, four years old
Loaf bread. BERTHE Goss
Rug. Ora Eggleston
Double knit mittens, Ella N Emerson
Single mittens, Mabel Chapman
Cake, Myrtle Joslyn
Crochet tidy, Blanche J Joslyn
The outlining by Lila Carpenter anu
and Katie Eaton, G and 7 years
old, deserve special credit
VEGETABLES.
Best lot of vegetables, J r Webster
HE& % Woodruff
Fall apples, Josiah Brown
Winter apples, same
Myron Eggleston
Half bushel beets, Il { Carpenter
Three pumpkins, Adna burlington
Three cabbages, J p Webster
Peek beans, II E& D Q Woodruff
BA Kelley
E&DQ Woodruff
Tomatoes, ] i Webster
Caulihower, same
Celery, same
Will Wilmot
Rutubagas, l. Il Harris
Seed corn, Woodrufis
A burlington
Sweet corn, Woodrufis
Sheaf oats, same
Muskmelons, same
Mrs Kilby
Water melons, Frank Berry
Mrs Kilby
Three table squash, Mr. Palmer
John Murch
Peck onions, l. b Harris
Fodder corn, G p Gerry
Mammoth Chrli squash, Woodruhs
Variety table potates, same
Mr. Webster
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1893-10-05

road, pulled out of the Baltimore
and Potomac depot at 1926 O'Clock
on Wednesday afternoon last, it was
with the avowed intention OF put.
ting on her mettle the immense mass
of mechanism.
Attached to the iron horse was the
private car OF E. F. Brooks, super
intendent of the Maryland division,
in which were seated that gentleman
and several supervisors and train
masters.
The car was equipped with speed
indicator which, between this city
and Baltimore, recorded speed OF
60 miles an hour. Not until after
Perryvile was passed did the big
machine give evidence OF its posi-
bilities. Between that point and
Wilmington she fairly flew over the
rails, and for distance of 20 miles
ran at rate of 90 miles an hour.
Then ABE" closed the throttle and
put on the air-brakes, but it was
only after three miles had been gone
over that she was brought to a
standstill.
No. 225 is one Of three engines
destined to revolutionize the pas
senger traffic of the Pennsylvania
system. They were recently built at
the company's shops at Juniata, Pa.
They are known among railroad
men as class P, and are expected to
develop speed OF 100 miles an hour
After the remarkable performance OF
225, the officials of the road are
sanguine that this can be easily ac-
complished.- Washington Post
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1893-10-05
RUNNING NINETY MILES AN HOUR.

When ABE" Smith at the lever of
engine 225, of the Pennsylvania rail-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1893-10-05

HOODS PILLS act easily, yet promptly
and efficiently, on the liver and bowels. CSC.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-07-13

notice of n motion on the subject OF tue
conduct of Mr. Mellor. MIR. sexton there
unon Gave notice tnat he would move the
edoption of a resolution that the chairman
Of the COMMITTEE Ofthe Whole had mis-
used the powers of his ohice in suspending
him. o;..oo
When tho House went into Committee
Of the Whole on the Irish government act,
more commonly known as the home-rule
hilI Mr. Gladstone announced the with
drawal of the I'm and out " subsection OF
clause Q. which provided that the lrlsn
rneu hers of the Imperial Parliament
shonld not be entitled to deliberate or vote
on anv blll or motion the operation OF
which Is confined 20 Great Britain OF some
part thereof: on any motion or resolution
relating solely to some tax not ralsed or
to he raised IN Ireland: on any vote or
anpronrIation OF money made exclusively
for some service not mentionodin hesche-
dule of the act covering imperial 1aolu-
ties exoendltures. and miscellaneous reve-
nues. any motion or resOiutlOn exclusive
ly affecting Great Britain or some part
thereof. or some local authority or some
person or thing theron; or any motion or
resolution incidental to any snch inoC'ol
or resolution as Is last mentioned or re-
lotes SOLELY TO some tax not raised or TO be
raised m ireland. or incidental 10 any such
vote ar aupropratiOn of money ABOVE
mentioned By the withdrawal of this
subsection the eighty Irish members to
be retained in the Imperial Parliament
will have rights fully equal TO those gwen
20 the British members.
MIR. Gavin q. Clarke QRadicah, member
for Caithness. said that he supported Mr.
sexton in bis attempt 81 get the House 10
pronounce Chairman Mellor's action ar9l-
trary and IN excess OF his authority. Mr'
CLARKE also gave notice that he would in
troduce a motion TO reduce by $1,000 the
amount of the salary paid TO the chair
man. In this motion Mr.. Clarke. II IL said,
viii be supported by the Radical mem;
bers. whose aim. it is said, is to compel
Mr. MellOr 10 retire.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1893-07-13
ENGLISH ARMY TO USE coRoITE.
IL Is More Powerful Than Black Powder
and Is SIN OkelesS

The smokeless powder which has been
adopted bv the British government for use
with the new English army rifle is known
az cordite. SAYS the New York Times.
Cordite derives its name from lts struct-
ure. the powder being made mp III strings
or cords Of varying thickness. from about
3.10O Of an inch 70 s an inch IN diameter.
The thick cordite is cut IN lengths OF IL
inches. The cOrdlte used in held guns ls
cut in strips measuring II inches IN length:
The small-arm ammunition Is made up ot
sixty strands TO load.
According TO Colonel +. W. Burke, OF
the British Artillery, the new c7rdite Is
combination OF nitro-cellulOse and nitro
clycorine. The combination ia 81 per
cent. guncotton, - per cent. nitrO-glyce-
rine. and 3 per cent. vasellne. to which is
added a proportion of acetone distilled
from wood. Tue mixture takes on a
strlngy form.
In a magazine rifle charge Of seventy
grains Of black gunpOwder gives a velocity
Of $50 feet a second. while thirty grams
of cordite give the same bullet velocity
OF 2. 90 feet To obtain a velocity OF LILO
feet a second in q fold gun requires a
black power charge of four pounds. The
same velocity ~ obtainaOle from one
pound and half ounce of cordte.
Cordite, 1t Is stated has successfully
withstood all climatic te4ts imposed ut the
powder works at Waltham, Eng. Cordite
samples have been exposed IN an open
cas- in an oUen pouch 70 rain, snow, ana
the sun aud retained their force unIm-
/ paired.