The Bennington banner. [volume] (Bennington, Vt.) 1858-1894, 1893-04-14

SACRED COLLEGE OF CARDINALS.
The Cardinals as the advisers and as
sistants of the Sovereign Pontiff are the
supreme council or senate of the Church
and on the death of the Pope they elect
his successor. There are three orders of
Cardinals Bishops, Priests and Deacons.
These orders are distinct from those of
the hierarchy; with few exceptions the
Cardinal priests are Archbishops or Bish-
ops, and the Cardinal Deacons are gener-
| ally priests. The sacred college, when
! complete, consists of seventy members /:
| Six Cardinal Bishops, whose dioceses are
| the six Suburban Sees" fifty Cardinal
priests, whose titles are the ''Titular
Churches" of which they are appointed
superiors with jurisdiction and right to
the throne, ETC., therein, and fourteen
Cardinal DeacOns, who are appointed to
the churches called "Deaconries."
The first Cardinal Bishop is Dean, the
first of the priests is First Priest, and the
| first of the Deacons is First Deacon of
the Sacred College. The Dean has the
right of consecrating and the First Dea-
con has the right of proclaiming and
browning a new Pope. On the death of
the administration of the public affairs of
the Holy See until the Pope is elect
ed. The Creation " of Cardinal some
times precedes, even by several years, the
publication" or proclamation. The Car
dinal is then said to be reserved in pet
| to- and, when proclaimed, he takes pre-
cedence according to date of creation.
The title Cardinal comes from the Latin
carlo, hinge, because the gate of the
church, the Pope, turns on its hinges the
| Cardinals. Cardinal Gibbons is Cardi-
nal priest, but Cardinal is not neces-
| sarily priest. The famous Cardinal
AntOnelli, privy councillor of Plus TX,
was only deacon, an office which is
now only step to the priesthood. A
Cardinal Deacon may be priest in holy
orders, and Cardinal Priest may be, as
in the case Of Cardinal Gibbons, an
Archbishop or Bishop. The Cardinal
Bishops, however, are always Bishops,
and had their origin from the several
sees in the vicinity of Rome, and Bishop
is only a Cardinal Bishop when he pre-
sides over one of these Roman sees. Par
ish churches or titles were first instituted
in Rome by Pope Marcellus in the year
3O4, and the priests to whose charge they
were permanently given were Cardinal
priests" The fifty Cardinal priests are
those who hold the corresponding num-
Der of tides or parishes in Rome. 1t
was to receive his title that some years
ago Cardinal Gibbons went to Rome, as
it can only be obtained from the hands
of the Pope himself. A Carlinal is al
ways created, never made or nominated.
The procedure of the appointment in
the case of ecclesiastics residing in Rome
81 .1,I - 4,
vatican and receives from the Pope the
red beretta: afterward, at a public con-
sistory, the Pope places on his head the
famous red hat, the insignia of his office.
From the inside of the hat depend fifteen
tassels, arranged on both sides of it in a
triangle from one to five. The Cardinal
bears this symbol of his rank but once
when the Pope puts it on his head in the
consistOry at which he is created. 1t is
then put away and laid on his bier, and
after he is buried it is brought from the
place where his grave has been made,
until his successor has been created
To get the red hat means to be created
| Cardinal, and reminder that its re-
cipient pledges himself to defend the
church and its peace with his blood. Ur-
ban VIII gave the Cardinals their En-
inence." The Cardinal wears a distinc-
tive ring,a sapphire set in gold, and on
receiving it he is expected to give large
sum of money in charity. 1t is now
about $3.50, but was formerly much move.
In the second consistory the Pope
"closes the mouth of the candidate;
that is, he forbids him for the present to
speak at meeting of Cardinals; and at a
third consistory he opens his mouth !;
that is, he removes the former prohibit
ton, giving him, at the same time,a ring
and assigning him his title or parish
church i'll Rome If the candidate is alb
sent or prevented from visiting Rome at
that time the red beretta is sent TO him,
and on receiving it he is bound to make
oath that he will, within year, visit the
tomb of the apostles.
Cardinals who receive the hat by re-
quest of the heads of the nations to which
they belong are called Crown Cardinals.
Cardinal Guibert, Archbishop of Paris,
was called Crown Cardinal, although
France is Republic.
A Cardinal enthusiastically takes prece-
dence in rank over Bishop or an Arch
bishop, although, unless of episcopal
rank himself, he cannot perform the
special functions characteristic of the
episcOpacy.
the Cardinals were the inheritors of all
the honOrs of the Roman senators, and
declared them Consuls and patricians.
The Bourbon King of France addressed
them as dear friends and ''my cous.
ms" The Pope, in addressing Cardinal
Bishops calls them ''our venerable broth
ers;" Cardinal priests he calls 'our dear
sons" and in familiar conversation he
speaks to each a" Monsieur lie Cardinal
or 'Signore Cardinale." In writing to
the Pope Cardinal signs himself: ''Yos,
ira creatura," (by your crsation)
The Palatine Cardinals are so-called
because they live in one of the Pope's
palaces. The Cardinal Vice Chancellor
sends out the political bulls, and the
Cardinal Vicar administers the spirituali-
ties of the diocese of Rome. The Cardi-
nal Camerlengo was Archchancellor OF
the Roman university, suppressed by
Victor Emmanuel. His full title is
"Camerlengo of the Holy Roman
Church." He is named yearly, and he
looks after the interests of the Sacred
College.-New York Times.
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