Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1893-09-01
STATE AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATION.
BURLINGTON, Vt, lSG


Bulletin No. IS. Newspaper Bulletin No. Il.
ANNUAL EErOEr OF THE DIRECTOR
PART Il.
Variation In Quantity and Quality of Milk.
y full record has been kept at the sta
ton of the milk Of each COW year after
year, and many thousand analyses made.
The voluminou' records now on file fur
hish abundant data for determining The
changes that t,Ee place In the quantity
and quality of the milk of COW and
the influence that various circumstances
have on the GIantie and quality.
\ study Of these records leads to the
following conclusions:
Flrst-Al cows shrink in quantity OF milk MS
they ret further from sizing. II they are far
row, this shrinkugc In quantity IS nccumpn-
MED jy almost no change In quality, even UNI
til they go dry, provided they are still farrow
II they are in c,,:, the milk increases In quail
ity ns Il decrease IN quantity. This increase
Is slirht-but onr-twcnticth during the iir.t
six months after cnlving-but becomes quite
p ouounccd just before tie Cow G'cs dry.
Second Cows TINT culyc III the slrln- aver
age giving more milk during the first tlucc
months RilGF ChlNl1lE lIblI l4iN liihl ''A'N' 'I'
the fall. For the seventh, eighth ana ninth
months this is reversed. Fall COWS 'how
smaller variations In the quality Of the milk
than cows THAI CAlIc in the spring.
Third The milk OF u COW Tor the tr.t few
day, or weeks after CulNing i very variable u
quality. On tbs average II i ihihncst Just
after CRlyinE, becomes slightly richer during
the next two weeks and then holds Hlmo
uniform In quality for the next four or five
months.
Fourth Cows vary in the quality Of their
milk from one milking To the next Aud from
day to day, the quality rising and falling with
out apparent cause. such changes are usually
within per cent Of fat. though one COW W s
known to change 2.tS per cent in two day -
The least change OF any Of the COWS In the sid-
ton herd during an entire period Of hctatiun
is O.33 per cent fat, the average change Is l34
per cent, and the greatest change 2.1h per Ccnt
The largest variation IN Yield Of butter IS If IN
milk TINT required 70 pounds to make pou"d
OF butter to quality Of mill, which would re-
quirc but H. pounds. 1t is probably possible
that cases may occur of II doubling Of the rich
ness Of the milk during different times in the
same period Of lnc.alion.
Fifth Just after calving the milk is poorer
In fat and In solids not fat than Just before the
COW went dry. The average drop in fat IS Ia
per cent, the greatest change being 2.D per
cent nnh the lcnst 90 per cent. Tho average
| change ia solids not fat is II fall Of o., per
+ cent, with variations from u decrease Of Isl
to an increase Of o. per cent.
| Sixth-Ilust cows give about the same quail
| ity OF milk year after year, beginning with tbs
quality at the first calving. There /, 10 gen
cral tendency for the milk to become either
richer or poorer rs the COW grows older.
Seventh From one cnlvlng To the next cows
! may bc expected to wary the general quality Of
| their milk not much IaOrc than a sixth Of per
cent fat, and scarcely over will SHOW a variu-
ton Of more than quarter Of Ter cent.
Eighth--Thc milk OF II heiGCr tends 10 agree
very closely IN quality to that Of her dam. The
average variation is a third Of per cent Of fat
and the greatest difference is PER cent IN tn,
case Of an Ayrshire COW crossed withN Jersey
bull.
| Nnth-Tho present cheap, rapid and cas-!
methods OF testing COWS leave 10 excuse fo
any dairyman's not knowing the quality OF tn,
milk of each one OF his cows. II two tests ar,
made, each OF IL mixed sample Of four day :
milk, one being taken FIX weeks after the COW
calves and tho other Fix months after calying
the average OF these two tcs;swill agree ahros
exactly with the average quality OF the mill
given during the entire milking period. Their
will seldom be II difference OF MS much as
quarter OF Ter cent OF fat.
Tcnth-If It Is desired to know from test
nearer together what quality Of milk II COY
gives, very accurate results viii be obtained b.
making two tests 10 days apart, four month
after the COW calves, each test being on
mixed sample offour days milk. The nvcrNg
+ of these two tests with Onc-eighth Of per cen
OF fat added is surprisingly near the truth 10
the average quality OF tho years milk.
EloNcnth-ln the long run, just about til
= same results nrc obtained whether COWS ar
tested once a month or twice II month.
Twclfth--COws that have been properly fc
at the barn do not shrink In quality Of mil
when turned to pasture. They usually lnCrcas
both IN quality and quantity.
Thirteenth Full feeding with grain at IL
barn and while the cows are on pasture pry
= duccs o much larXCr flow of milk during Apr
= md May and causes the flow to keep up con
:, siderably later In tho fall. No attempt wa
made to ascertain whether this Increase wa
sufficient to pay for the extra grain.
, Fourteenth The milk produced BY the COW
Of Vermont during the entire year contains o
= the average III per cent OF fnt, and would
rightly handled mako pound OF butter frol
each =! pounds Of milk.
Fiftcenth-ThC station herd was trouble
with abortion, and the trouble ceased nftt
= thorough disinfcctng with sulphur and pier
tiful use Of laudnnum. There is nothing I
prove conclusivcly that the treatment was til
cause of the cessation OF the disease.
| Sixtccnth-The most noticeable effect
W '''e'
1t richer than It would have been had the co
X gone full time. This quality, however, fnl
during the first few months after abortion
, until by the third or fourth month 1t il
It about the Same quality as would have BEE
given II the COW had calved naturally.
II Seventeenth The worst effect OF abortion
the decreased quantity of milk given, while
$ with the cows OF the station amounts to abOl
a third OF tho full yield.
d Record of the Station Herd For 1902.
Careful and very complete records {
l. the station herd were kept during til
year 1892 and showed that the II regula
members Of the herd averaged III
pounds Of milk, Of such quality as
make 3j1 pounds Of butter each. I'll
records also showed that the herd COZ
tanned on the average 81 cows, and tbs
Il these produced 7,02S pounds Of mil
apiece and 3Si pounds of butter.
The best Ayrshire gave S,05j pount
r. of milk and $40 pounds Of butter; II
best three Holsteins, 9,Sl0 pounds {
y milk and 9sS pounds Of butter; the be-
three Jerseys, 7,130 pounds Of milk an
d 1872 pounds Of butter. The best reccr
of any COW in the herd within the yea
e was 12 ,22l pounds Of milk and 500 pound
If butter.
Relative Value OF IA Cow For Cheesemal
ing and Butter Making.
When the records of the various COW
in the station herd are compared rs
The amount of butter and of cheese thu
rould be made from their milk, it
Iound that If p pounds Of cheese al
m considered to be equal in market walt
to one pound of butter, then for ever
t 500 obtaired from the Jersey mil
made into butter there would be r
,e ceived $9j if the milk had been made il
To choose. Tho relation with the AY