The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-06-11
WORKS ON SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

| Advancement IN METEOROLOGICAL science than
the United States within the same period Of
time. and this is largely due to the various ad-
mirablo mechanisms which American In
Renuity has devised in this flcld OF observa-
tion. Notable among these instruments Is n
recent continuance for recording sunshine.
which Prof Marvin describes as consisting In
principle OF Lesl 70 difrerential air Their
the air ,bs tso
whole THERMOMETERS is designed In the form
SS e hnyns Ss5S az S
tho tube is placed approximately parallel TO
period sSns,5sins, lns !,
promptly. The register for this device may DO
Usns he ere 70 closed
| tire, time OF sunshine, which uses np great
deal Of battery material. but having the circuit
clock movement used for driving the recording
| cylinder. These contacts are automatically
each minute, or In some cases once each five
minutes. at this time the circuit is also
current flows tile pom OF The register making
a short lateral mark and soon returning to its
normal position.
A masterpiece In mechanical construction
has been built In Glasgow. a vertical and
horizontal planning machine. for tho use Of
marine engineers and others, when ordinary
planning machines arc insufficient This ma
chine consists Of a heavy bed plate OF box
section forming the work table, and carrying,
when desired. a set OF compound slides. and
circular table, tho motions Of which can DO
made self;acting. For horizontal planning.
the vertical column. which carries the tool. Is
he tool IS traverssi up and down tIis
SevcI gearing below: the driving irving nuts whicf,
run on these screws arevery long and com
the the ~
Vertical i chsns and aate@ata and hand feeds
and Column The driving is e eiiecied through
two sets of pulleys the smaller giving the
EeIts are so arranged that one belt leaves the
first pulley before the other begins to drive.
change Of driving from S vertical to Horizontal
Gun be effected instantaneously.
Some valuable suggestions In regard to do.
sirable improvements In lake steamship con-
struction have been made by Mr. Oldham.
we'll known as an authority In such matters.
among the most important desiderata emu
merated being the following: Greater length
and breadth. more simplicity Of design and
build. deeper water ballast tanks. and more
careful arrangement, OF bottoms for with
and unper works to be- desisne d. more more
particularly for resisting increased stresses
fne to aRS in 6o S
heads should be made stronger generally and
stiilened as may be necessary to resist the by.
electuaily connected to the shell of the vessel
than is generally the case; also an improved
ns snaden asasssr after WV, Voent IL
more efficient system OF bilRe and ballast
handnH
crease: stoekless anchors to stow In the hawse
sh short stroke in engines and fewer tubes in
boilers would give Increased efficiency.
The introduction OF metallic laths has become
30 growing a feature in building operations as
to lead to the mechanical perfection OF the
article and Its production on the most eAten-
sive scale. with. however. tho greatest degree
OF simplicity. 1t is formed from o slightly
corrugated steel sheet. making In this two
parallel cuts at regular distances apart the
entire length. which is forced outward oy
pressure applied on one side, thus forming
over the surface OF the sheet series Of loops:
the cutting and expanding are done instanta-
neously by specially designed machinery. The
finished lath Is very easily handled and rapidly
placed: the mortar can be applied to either
side. as may be convenient. and the loops upon
plaster. holding 1t strongly in place. and with
the minimum amount OF material It'll claimed
Tines ss much d this lsth in dsS a. Of wood
%so to e
O. M s that Tx rum Less
that a given amount Of plaster, will cover
nearly twice as much surface on this lath as
The openings. Uniform and suicient to guar.
tar ie oil from The Back Of the III ath S'' '
It Is stated that at the mines near Walden
burg. Lower Silesia. a special and efficient
method OF ventilation has been adopted in the
extremely fiery coal seams. viz. by means Of
wide blast pipes and by artnclally retaining
the fresh-air current and strongly depressing
the outgoing current Tho fresh-alr current.
kept back by tho air doors. is conducted to
each working place through wooden pipes,
water level and parallel gallery. or BY ordi;
zine 1e snHFs
sss to ass;,oIs Is s;ssSs
These These air gates are placed hmm sdately tefore
commence there are never very long; the cree
tions at the back and also the sell; acting plane
loss Of air the surplus Of depression necessary
for the fan to circulate In three self. acting
RGSn tses q sPe wa %ae IA hs
method OF ventilation, IA com pared with others
In use. requires great expenditure Of motive
those cases whore considerable volumes OF air
may be disposed Of with adequate depression.
Immense quantities Of artificial Ice are now
produced with aqua ammonia by means Of the
absorption process. some of the most exaui-
site specimens OF modern machinery heing
employed In the manufacturing operations
Aqua ammonia OF twenty-six degrees Baum5
10 introduced into the generator or retort
where 1t is heated with steam. thus expelling
the ammonia gas: tho gas ascending into the
stand pipe OF tho generator. 10 rectifled and
becomes 100 per cent pure. and compressed
by its own natural accumulation, until SUM-
Client pressure is obtained to force 1t through
aid OF cold water in which the pipe coils are sub
merged. 1t changes it's form into LIQUID: 1t IL
now allowed to expand and pass into the coils
submerged In the brine or. freeZlng tank.
where It does the work Of refrigeration. by alb
eorDing heat, and then passes into the alb
sorbe Pr. combining there with the water that
had In the mean time also ont rcd the ahsorh-