davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
What Pearls Are Made OF,



Very few people are aware that the
pearl oyster is not in any way like the
oysters which we eat. 1t is OF an en-
tirely different species, and, as IL mat
ter OF fact, the shells of the so-called
pearl oyster are of far more value to
those engaged in pearl fishing than
the pearls. There are extensive pearl
fisheries in the Gulf Of California, and
some of the finest pearls have been
taken from these waters. In 1881 one
pearl, a black one, was sold for $lO,-
600, and every year since that time
many pearls have been taken from
the beds in the California gulf valued
at over W 500 each. But such finds
are very rare, and as rule, the pearls
which are brought up are OF very little
value. The shells, however, are very
valuable. Most of them are shipped
to Europe, where they are manu-
factured into ornaments, knife handles,
buttons, and the hundreds of other
articles for which mother oi-pearl is
used.
Another fact concerning the pearl
oyster and the pearl itself is very little
understood. have seen in the books
of instruction both in this country
and England the statement that " the
formation of the pearl in the oyster
shell is caused by disease of the
OYSTER; and this statement is more
or less generally believed, as is also
the erroneous inference to be drawn
from it, that the oyster referred to is
the edible oyster. The mother-of-
pearl is nothing more than q series OF
layers OF nacreous matter deposited
by the oyster npon the interior OF the
shell, and the pearl itself is perfectly
accidental formation. 1t is caused by
a similar deposit OF nacre around some
foreign object. This forcing substance
may be a grain of sand, parasite or
some similar object; but most author
tiles agree that it is more usually an
undeveloped egg of the oyster around
which this natural deposit is thrown.
The largest pearl ever found meas
ured two inches long and weighed
three ounces. This was OF Eastern
origin. The largest found in the Gulf
OF California did not exceed an inch
and quarter long and was somewhat
larger than the egg o: a blue bird
Many of the California pearls are
black and speckled. These are con-
sidered more valuable than the white
pearls of Europe, but the most highly
priced pearls of all are pink.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
HAMILTON FISH DEAD.
Grants Secretary Of State Died at
His Country Home.

The Hon. Hamilton Fish, ex Secre-
tary of State, under Grants admins
tration, died at his country residen ce
in Garrison, New York, on the morn
ing of the 7th inst. He was born in
New York city, August 3, 1908. He
was graduated at Columbia in 1921,
studied law and was admitted to the
bar in 1880. He was for several years
commissioner of deeds. In politics
he was Whig, and was the defeated
candidate of that party for the State
assembly in 1884. In 1912 he was
elected a Representative in Congress
from the sixth district of New York
over John McKeen, the Democratic
candidate, and served one term. In
1916 he was candidate for Lieutenant
Governor, but was defeated. Subse-
quently the successful candidate re-
signed, and Fish was chosen as his
successor. In 1S4S he was chosen
Governor by about 10000 majority.
the opposing candidates being John
A. Dix and Reuben Walworth. In
1851 he was elected United States
Senator in place of Daniel S. Dickin-
son. In January, 1862, in conjunc-
ton with Bishop Ames, he was ap-
pointed by Secretary Stanton a COM
missioner to visit the United States
soldiers imprisoned at Richmond and
elsewhere, "to relieve their necessi-
ties and provides for their comfort"
The Confederate government declined
to admit the commissioners within
the lines, but intimated readiness to
negotiate for general exchange Of
prisoners. The result was an agree
ment for an equal exchange, which
was carried out substantially to the
end OF the war. In 1868 he aided in
the election of General Grant, and
was appointed Secretary of State by
him in March, 1869. He was reap.
pointed at the beginning of his second
term in March, 1873, serving from
March IL, 1869, to March II, 1877.
He was for some time president of the
New York Historical Society and was
president-general OF the New York
Society, of Cincinnati.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
Hints AbOnt Driving.
Harper's Young People.

When driving, you must watch the
road. Turn out for stones, so that the
horse shall not stumble nor the wheels
jolt over them; avoid the mudholes
and places where the going is bad; let
the horse slack speed when the road
becomes heavy, and if you want to
make up time do it where the ground
slightly descends.
1t is common mistake to think
that horse can haul carriage easily
on the level. On such a road he has
to be pulling every moment; there is
no rest. Whereas when the road now
rises and falls the weight is taken off
at times, and he has a chance to re-
cover his wind and to rest his muscles.
AS between level road in a valley
and an up and down road over the
hills, the latter is by far the easier for
u horse to travel. When you come to
a long level stretch, let your horse
walk bit in the middle OF it.
Almost everybody knows that for
the first few miles after coming out of
the stable a horse should be driven
slowly, and especially if he has just
been fed. On a journey it is Of the
utmost Importance to observe this
rule. Be careful, however, not to
check ayoung nag too quickly when
he comes fresh out of the stable. Give
him his head, talk to him soothingly,
and presently he will come down to a
moderate pace. If you pull him up at
once, you vex him extremely, so much
so that he is not unlikely to kick.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
HIS Carriage Driven by Naptha.
Springfield Republican.


c. L. Simmonds, OF Linn, has made
steam carriage for his own use
that will make 10 miles an hour. The
carriage weighs only 400 pounds, and
can carry two persons at a time. 1t
has the appearance of an ordinary
carriage in front, except there is no
provision made for a horse. The
wheels are Of cycle make, and are four
in number. The hind wheels are 43
inches and the front wheels are sc
inches with rubber tires. The boiler
and engine are just in the rear of the
seat and give the carriage the appear
ance of a fire engine. The steam
generates in what is called a porcu-
pine boiler, which weighs 100 pounds.
The steam is made by naptha from
three Jets. The naptha is kept in a
cylinder, enough to last seven hours,
and there is a water tank that will
hold 10 gallons. The steering part
consists OF a crank wheel on the foot
board so that the engineer can steer
and attend to the engine at the same
time.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
The Youngest Conductor,

Oregon claims the distinction OF
possessing the most economically
managed railroad and the youngest
conductor in the country. The rail-
road is the States portage railway at
the Cascades, which is three.quarters
of mile long and transfers passengers
and freight past the Cascades from
Lower Columbia to Middle Columbia
steamers. 1t is operated at at ex-
pense OF but $3.50 month and large
part of the business for The Dalles and
other points along the river below The
Dalles is handled over this line. The
young conductor runs train on the
jerkwater road between Jacksonville
and Medford. He is but years old
but wears uniform and is clothed
with a conductors authority on the
train. His name is Bailey. His
father is the engineer who handles the
lever but the lad runs the train.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15

The Courier-Journdl says that the
country has been talked to death for
the past three months. The worst oil
it is that the talking is not yet ended
Somebody suddenly observed that the
gold was going off to Europe. 1t has
been doing this for three years, but no.
body noticed it until the drain began
to tell on the governments gold re.
serve. Then somebody spoke of it
with an Ominous shake of the head
and Immediately went up great hue
and cry about the danger just ahead
The people were scared out OF their
wits. They began to take their money
out of the banks and hide it away
somewhere, and the banks had to sus.
pend. They began to scrimp and
scrape and deny themselves the ordi-
nary induigences of life, and mer-
chants found trade dull and them
selves unable to pay their bills. Every
dollar that could be obtained was fas.
tened upon with death grip, instead
of being sent about its business of pay.
ing debts. Banks loaded up their
vaults with reserves OF 80, 40, so, or GO
per cent. and refused to cash their
depositors' checks or loan q dime on
the best OF security. We became a
Nation of nervous wrecks as to money
matters-a Nation OF crazy fools
somebody has put it-and each went
about yelling Panic" at the top ol
his voice to alarm his neighbors all
the more.
1t is surely about time to stop such
nonsense. Here is an official state.
ment that there is in the possession oi
the people of the country, outside oI
the Treasury, over sixty million dol
lars more than on August l, and
nearly seventy millions more than
they had a year ago, when they fel,
pretty flush. And yet this crazy scare
induced by talk and kept alive by
senseless gable, has so effectually
banished it from its proper place in
business that the whole country has
been running on one wheel for q
month or more.
The way to restore confidence is tc
restore confidence. and the best plan
is the old jerusalem style OF each man
looking out for that part of the wall
over against his own door. Pay your
bills. Use your money as you would
ordinarily. Put your cash in the
banks. Don't talk panic, or act panic
and in little while there will be nc
panic. In short use little mind cure
on this subject. There is nothing the
matter with the finances. 1t is the
people,
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
The Home Newspaper.

The remonstrances against giving
advertising of their towns to "outside"
publications oi questionable influence,
which are seen in the columns of
Eastern Washington papers at present,
are justifiable and we'll taken. When
a local newspaper is not good enough
to herald towns advantages abroad,
there is something wrong with the
town. The newspaper is to very
great extent what q community makes
it, and by reason of its representative
capacity, the community has meas
ure of responsibility toward it. The
people who will not help to make a
good paper for their town must not
complain if they are held in low es.
TEEN by the outside world. The
home paper, properly supported. not
particularly by advertising patronage,
but in hundred ways OF kindness
and of service which costs nothing, is
always the best possible medium for
advertising its locality, because it will
be bright, newsy, and will be read by
intending settlers and capitalists as a
truer index to the towns social and
business life than any other printed
matter could be.
The proprietor always spends his
income to improve his paper. 1t
seems that he can't help it. When he
has few dollars ahead he must get
the paper q new dress, or some all
brass galleys, or an improved mailing
machine. If few hundred, he buys
a new press, and again puts his nose
to the grindstone to get out of debt.
When he thinks he sees good times
ahead he enlarges his paper and in
creases his payroll. When money
gets scare sgain he tries to keep q
stiff upper lip, takes wood and pota-
toes on subscription, works Is hours q
day, backslides at the church, defaults
at the lodge, forgets his friends and
neglects his family. Whatever else
he may prove recreant to, with his
paper it is always glove, honor and
cherish" All the aid and comfort the
town gives to its paper goes into it.
Subscriptions paid in advance blossom
into breezy locals, and half-page ads
bring forth double.leaded editorials on
the new water works and the shipping
en- route and the country's wonderful
wealth and progress. To tender its
generous support is to invite capital; /;
to withhold" tendeth to poverty.
The live town will have live paper !;
and if it has anything worthy of atten-
ton of the outside world and wants it
told where it will do the most good, it
will put its trust in the home paper,
and the home paper will do the bust
ness. There are newspapers in Oregon
and Washington which are read at the
East, and have helped in many ways
to build up the Pacific Northwest; /;
but they are not printed in towns
whose advertising funds have gone to
Eastern and California journals, to
the neglect OF the home publication.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15

OF the Pacific States, Washington
makes a brave display of iron, silver
and gold ore heaped in pyramids.
Among the gold nuggets from Kittitas
county is one valued at $500. A
unique exhibit in this section is that
OF colored sands arranged in glass
jars. There are eleven shades, rang
ing from pure white through grays,
yeiiows' ETC., to garnet. What a para.
disc Tor future glass and porcelain
makers! This States shares with
Colorado in being source Of molybde-
num.-Scientifc american
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
Conductors Large Acquaintance.
Philadelphia Iuoujrer


"When was out in Chicago at the
opening of the Worlds fair" said a
friend of mine, al had occasion to
make call on some old acquaint-
ances on the West Side. The streets
in that portion of the city had many
OF them the baptismal names OF wo-
men, and as / lived there ut one time
the calling of them by the car con-
ductor sounded familiar to me, al.
though it seemed to puzzle an old
countryman on board, who was doubt.
less visiting Chicago for the first time.
There were a number of ladies among
the passengers, and as the conductor
called out Elizabeth the car stopped,
and one of them got off. A few
squares farther and there was the call
Ada followed by a stop and the exit
of another lady.
"The old countryman began to
look interested, and when the next
call came, May and he saw a lady
gather up her bundles and walk down
the aisle, he had puzzled air. In
quick succession there came Pauline,
Roberta and Augusta followed by
the departure of a passenger. The
old man could not stand it any longer.
His eyes bulged out, and making a
rush for the platform he said in a
strange whisper to the conductor,
Great snakes, mister, do you know
the names of all the women folks in
this big town.
"He had been under the impression
that each woman who left the car
answered to the name that was called
out"
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15

THE safest way to keep potatoes is
to pit them in the ground at least
eighteen inches deep. This keeps
them cool until they are taken in for
the winter. When the potatoes are
taken up they should be exposed to
the air, but not to the sun if it can be
avoided, for some hours, then heaped
in the pits as high as they will stay,
which is twenty-four inches for two
foot pit, enough for safety, as in too
large quantities they are apt to heat.
They are covered with boards placed
endwise, one end on the ground to
make a sloping roof over them, and
straw is thrown over the boards to
keep them cool and dry. When the
winter comes earth may be heaped
over the straw, which should then be
made foot thick. A few wisps of the
straw are placed in the tops of the
heaps to make way of escape for the
dempness or any heat that may arise
in the potatoes.-Amer lean Dairun,an.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
The Animal sill There,

People who were in the Illinois
building, lately, saw man who lived
thirty years or more with the indians
who gave Chicago its name, says a
Chicago exchange. The visitor was
Frank Crikelair, of Green Bay, Wis
al will tell you the story OF the
christening" he said, as he stood in a
little group of men and women
"While seated round campfire in a
tepee in 1856 an old Menomines.
squaw told me that years before, while
a band of her tribe were travelling to
and from Detroit and Green Bay they
had to follow the beach closely. One
day while camping on the present site
of Chicago some Indian boys, who
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
WHOLE NUMBER 1.759.

o. w. Lund, a watchman at Ia
coma grocery store. was recently
arrested on charge Of stealing goods.
1t was believed that he, with others,
was systematically robbing the estab-
lishment. Subsequently he was re-
leased. He has brought suit against
Charles E. Hale, manager of the
concern, for $4,000 damages for false
prosecution.
A hundred bushels of wheat will
buy more this year, OF what a farmer
uses than it would last year. This is
because everything is lower in price
than it was last year. Four bushels
OF wheat at so cents bushel will pay
for keg of nails this year; last year
it took four and half bushels at CO
cents bushel. Where the hardship
comes in, is when a man has to pay a
merchandise bill contracted at last
years prices.
Sheriff Valentine has captured at
Waterville the notorious rustler, Ed.
Henderson, who escaped arrest several
weeks ago in Oregon. The cattle-thief
was found on a ranch on Osooyos
lake, B. c. John Brookhouse has also
been arrested, charged with stealing
Major Nash's cattle. A man named
Pearson has also been arrested for rum
ming off Commissioner Boynton's
stock. At the preliminary examina-
tion Henderson gave damaging testi-
mony. He was bound over in the
sum of $4,000.
Frank L. Wilson. prominent
colored Republican politician of Spo-
kane, shot and instantly killed Charles
Hart, also colored, at the formers
homestead, in Kalispell valley, Stevens
county, about 6 o'clock Tuesday, the
9Th inst. Wilson and Hart, who have
long been intimate friends, own ad.
joining homesteads. Wilson is in
business in Spokane and on going to
his ranch Tuesday, found Hart had
jumped it. Wilson carried q repeat
ing rifle, with which he had been
hunting. When he arrived at his
place and found Hart in the barn, a
quarrel arose. This was followed by
fight, in which Hart wrenched the
gun from Wilson. He raised it to
fire, when Wilson begged him not to
shoot. Hart fired, however, the ball
passing through Wilson's clothing,
and grazing his body. While Hart
was throwing in another cartridge
Wilson jumped back, pulled his pistol,
and shot Hart through the heart, kill.
ing him instantly. Hart's wife wit.
messed the killing and testified to the
above facts before the coroner's jury,
which exonerated Wilson on the
ground of self-deiense. Hart had only
been married six months. At the
inquest an agreement was produced,
signed by himself and wife, whereby
she was to grant him divorce, live on
Wilson's place long enough to acquire
title, while Hart lived on his own,
after which they were to be married
again. Wilson bears an excellent
reputation, and is q man of ability and
very popular.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
A NUMBER OF our northwestern Sen.

A NUMBER OF our northwestern Sen.
ators have been casting about for some
sort of amendment to the silver repea
bill that will be satisfactory to all, the
President included. Hansbrougf
(Rep.) believes that he has one which
will be satisfactory to the men from
the Pacific coast. The amendmen,
has been printed and referred to
the finance committee. 1t will retire
all paper money in denominations o.
less than $40, and all gold coins in
denominations less than the same
amount, except possibly silver certifi
Gates in denominations less than $40
now outstanding. 1t requires that in
place of the currency thus'retired silver
certificates shall be based upon silver
purchased at the market price and
coined into standard silver dollars as
fast as the currency indicated is re-
tired.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15
Seeing by Electricity.

We can write by electricity, can
send pictures and designs by the same
agency, and talk to our friends at a
distance by means Of the electric wire.
When the British association visited
Newcastle, England, says the Chronicle
of that city. Prof. Perry told his au-
ditors that seeing by electricity was q
possibility of the future, and he had
shortly before drawn picture of scien-
tific achievements which would enable
friends divided by large continents
and oceans, not only to talk with each
other, but to look upon their features.
Even before that Prof. Bell was known
to have been at work in his laboratory
endeavoring to solve the problem, and
though ten years have elapsed since
the possibility of applying the we'll
known principles OF light in the same
way as the principles OF sound have
been applied as in the telephone was
first suggested, the professor is still as
hopeful of success as ever.
There is no theoretical reason why
light may not be conducted in the
same way as sound, but Prof. Bell tells
us that it will be very much more
difficult to construct an apparatus for
the purpose, owing to the immensely
greater rapidity with which the vibr a
tions of light take place when compared
with the vibrations of sound. The
difficulty, however, is merely one of
finding a diaphragm sufficiently sem
sitive to receive these vibrations and
produce the corresponding electrical
vibrations, and it is encouraging to
have it on the authority of such man
as Prof. Bell that at least dozen
men, eminent in science i'll various
parts of the world, are at present en-
gagged in endeavoring to find the solu-
tion of this problem. Prof. Bell him
self, who has never ceased to grapple
with the difficulty, candidly admits
that up to the present his labors have
been in vain; but he is full of hopeful
ness as to the successful issue of his
own research, as we'll as of that of the
other scientists who have taken the
matter np.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15

TOBACCO ANrIDoTE. - Buy two
ounces or moro of gentian root, coarse.
ly ground. Take as much of it after
each meal, or oftener, as amounts to a
common quid Of fine cut" Chew
it slowly and swallow the juice. Con.
tinue this few weeks, and you will
conquer the Unsuitable appetite for
tobacco, which Injuries both mind and
body, and from which thousands strug.
gle to be free, but give up in DESPAIR.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1893-09-15

were playing along the shore, saw a
skunk and chased it into the water,
where it was drowned. Afterward.
when the Menominees wanted 10
designate the place they called it
Chicago, which, in the language
OF the tribe, means drowned skunk"
But isn't it possible, Mr. Crikelair
that the squaw was mistaken" in
quired fat man who rides over the
Randolph street bridge every day.
L" It's my belief that skunk was chased
into the river and that it is there
now,"