The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-24

Masonic mummeries, wero puerlle, and farrell
RASH and now too dilatory: they had been
vindictive. instead OF for the patriotic alone
they had. at most. been able to agitate; but
| none OF them. and he determined to organize
new secret society. 70 DO called Young Italy.
| whose principles should be plainly understood
| by every one OF its members. This society
was to be composed OF men under 40 In order
to secure the most energetic and disinterested
| men. who. trained by tho past generation.
were not in touch with the aspirations and
the and 10 OF tSs
whereas the earlier sects had relied too much
on the urpcr and middle classes. whose tradi.
tions and interests were either too nristocratic
or too commercial point wherein Mazzini
differed fundamentally from some later re-.
ion. the Italians could not be led to n perma-
mont regeneration. lie proposed. therefore.
that Young Italy should substitute for Catlol-
icism religion based on reason and so sim
pie as to be within the comprehension OF the
hum blcst peasant. This religion is summed
mankind. through which lie embodies the
inniis natp nS II the nie Al Ills
brothers. in each Of whom there is some
spark Of His diyinity: God to be worshipped
freely and directly. without tho Interrogation
worshinred. moreover. in mems deeds. and
not in mere words, and to be worshipped hest
character which. ever expanding. shall afford
adwelling Naster and yet more vast for love
and yTtSS By spsh tsnmre yet upysr9s
hoped to arouse in his countrymen the re-
ligious sense which apprehenIs duty, and is
the source OF worthy deeds.
Having recognized. in this fashion. the need
OF morals, and having provided for dissem-
grated the political creed Of Young Italy. Ed
neasn and wsre the two means
m nat ri I'D 70 oh,
ample. word. and pen. tho necessity of
insnrre;Gtion. Insurrection. whenever it can
render It n means Of national cduca-
ton The ultimate aim of insurrection was
re Ys1n thG s
fore the national council. the sole source Of
authority in the state" In Nazzinis opinion
srous of emancipating themselves from n
foreign yoke was by guerrii!a;bands. which
and yet be most easily sustained. Every mem
Der of Young Italy, therefore. was ordered to
co!ors Of the society were white. red. and
green: the banner wore on one ,ssidc the words
EfndnsS nns On ,Ss
mod up the Mazzinian system en-" There iHF
anliators and the afnliate and. in order TO
prevent widespread trcachery. 1t was divided
ten being cognizant Of the members e of 't the
next troupe. The novice having been duly
informed Of the purposes OF Young Italy. took
an oath to further the, objects of the society to
keep its secrets and to obey its superiors
The doctrines Of tho new sect spread. but the
author OF this history is unable to cite figures
to indicate exactly the growth Of Young Italy.
Contrary to the founders expectations. the So
ciety was recruited. lot 80 much from the peo-
pie as from the middle class. the profess ional
men. and the tradesnen; moreover. it was the
political rather thnn the religious idea
Of the sect that drew adherents to it. The
Carhonari and their kindred cOnsprators
were discredited by the failure OF the revolu-
ton of 1881: it began to be felt that their
methods were wrong and their promoters
SO the more Jealous gladly
turned to the new society whose aims were
distinct and whose mem hers were young and
The very defniteness. however.
Of Mazzinls proposals helped to make clear
the lines Of separation. hitherto blurred. be-
tween the sections of the Liberal party. Young
Italy insisted uncompromisinGy on a unified
republic: hut there were many Liberals who.
while desiring the Independence and freedom
Of their country. were still favorable to a
N onarchical government or to a federation
and these refused to associate themselves
with the republic. They came to be known as
NJ oderates. and to be despised by the Mazzi-
lians. who regarded them as waverers and
cm poriZers.