davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
"
AN uNsoLveo PROBLEM u
The Derivation Of the Word California
Has Puzzled all tho Etym ologists.

The Derivation Of the Word California
Has Puzzled all tho Etymoiogists.
Tho derivation of the word "Cai-
fornia" has never been definitely Gs-
certained and settled Different au-
thorities have given it various orr
gins, bu. none has as yet found for it
a positive origin. Many Of the most
profound scholars and etymologists
of Europe and America have in vain
attempted its elucidation. Eminent
Greek scholars have supposed it to
be derived from the Greek worGs
''KalaphorrAeia," signifying beauti-
full adultery and "Kala- -phora- -nea,"
meaning a beautiful young woman
or new country.
The early navigators gave its on
Gin as derived from the two Latin
words tcalida fornax," or in Spanish
''caliente fornalla," hot furnace.
This, however, Venegas, the most
learned and authentic of the early
historians in his Natural and Civil
History Of California, published in
1853, denies and ascribes its origin to
accident, or in his own words ''pos
sibly 10 some words spoken by the
Indians and misunderstood by the
Spaniards.
This latter designation is obviously
erroneous, as the word has certainly
an origin anterior to the discovery
Of California. The name first occurs
precisely as it is now spelled "a years
before the discovery of the peninsu-
la in a romance published In Spain
in 1910 entitled "Sergas of Esplan-
dian, the Son Of Amadis of Gaul. +"
This romance was very popular and
passed through several editions.
The two following passages quoted
from this volume will show how the
name occurs: Know that on the
right hand of the Indies there is an
island called California very near to
the terrestrial paradise" And in the
next thus: I'm the island called Cali
fornia are many griffins, on account
of the great savageness of the coun-
try and the immense quantity OF
wild game to be found there"
Grecian mythology had it that the
fabulous animal the griffin, was the
offspring of a lion and an eagle. It
was supposed to watch over gold
mines and all hidden treasure and
was consecrated to the sun, whose
| chariot has been represented by
some Of the old painters es being
drawn by griffins 1t is certainly
within the scope Of probability that
some Of Cortezs officers had read
this popular novel, and considering
the name suggestive and appropriate
to- their new discovery so applied it.
San Francisco CHRONICLE.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Heating by Electricity.

In some of the hotels in the west y
system Of heat regulation which Is
certainly novel is carried out. For
instance, a guest occupying room 1876
asks for heat. The order is trans
mitted to a particular person, the
typewriter of the hotel generally.
She goes to switchboard, and con.
nection is given electrically with
that room, allowing heat to pass
into it. The occupant of the room
is perhaps particular. Ahot blooded
person wishes rnerely to keep from
freezing; another wants a high tenn
perature. Each can have his wish,
for thcrnlossat with pointer is on
The wall, and the room will teep it.
self automatically as desired. The
regulation is 20 degrees, but it can
be departed from as stated. Hard
ware
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
URGENT DEFICIENCY BILL.
Some OF the Amounts Needed to square
Uncle Sans Accounts

Some OF the Amounts Needed to square
tacie Sans Accounts.
WELLINGTON, Dec. l3.-The sub-com-
mittce og the house appropriation com
mitsee has been considering the urgent
deficiency bill, which Il is expected will
be reported i'll few days. Many of the
item which were included in the def
ciency bill, which failed TO pass at the
extra session, are not included in the
present bill, as the house takes it for
granted that as tAe previous bill is still
Ia conf renee, IL nGy be passed.
ComTissioRer OF Pensions Lochren
has appeared before the committee and
urged 2n appropriation of 100000 for
speciaj agents and examiners to investi-
gate lel icn frauds.
The public printer has sent in a requi-
sition for 100000 for the deficiency of
the government printing office,
The treasury department wants $780,
0SJ for q deficiency on collection of Gus
| toms. 1t has been the rule OF congress
to appropriate $500, 900 for the service,
together with an indefinite appropriation
for fines, penalties, etc, which may
accrue to collectors. This has amounted
to 81, 500, ,0C0 or So, 900 coo, but in recent
years it les been cut down to less than
81 ,000,0Ia Wlile this indefinite appro-
priation aaB been cut down it has been
necessary for coa3ress 30 appropriate
from 81, 4,G0C 900 to 10000 for def
ciencies. II the present amount asked
for is not appropriated the treasury de.
payment will be obliged to curtail its
customs service, as the department il
not willing to create any deficiency.
Another item asked is $4,000 for the
transportation of silver coin.
For Special Agents.
The commissioner of the general land
Office asked $50, 900 for special agents
This appropriation asks SO, 900 for con
tinsent expenses. The last congress ap
propriated $500, 900 for registers and re
ceivers and provided tifat enough land
Offices should be consolidated to make
this amount sufficient, but the Offices
have not been consolidated, and II the
So, 900 is nov appropriated it will b.
tantamount TO changing the law, so as
to increase the last appropriation tc
$4,000. 1t is anticipated that appro
priation for clerks for the senate durina
the recess Of congress III 1890, will he
attached to this urgen. deficiency bill,
in the extra session OF congress, and that
it will be one of the contentious Of the
session.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
BIaek Hills Tin Mines Resume.

CUSTER CITY, S. D., Dec. 13.-The
Harvey Peak Tin Mining company have
recently begun work on large number
of their tin claims. As yet no work has
commenced or been contracted for ex-
cept the assessment work of 1894, but it
is rumored that work vii, be resumed
on all the best mines at an early day,
and that the Eta and Hill City mills
will start crushing soon after Jan. /.
So far about 200 men have been put to
work Superintendent McFadden is hir-
ing all the men he can get.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Failed to M1terlaliye.

CHICAGO, Dec. l3.-=Six hundred
policemen, held in reserve during the
night to quell possible outbreak at the
lake front, We're not disturbed. John
Wer,yarth, supposedly Il crank, had
issued call for 10000 armed men to
meet him at the lake front at aaybreak
and move against the city with de-
manl for work or bread But John and
his army failed to rIaterialize, and the
policcmen were allowed 10 break ranks.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Saw MIL For Indians.

WASHINGTON, Dec. IA new saw
mill or the Fond dt Lac Indian reserve
ton, near Duluth, will be erected by
j. +. Steasis and others, regulations for
the same having Leen signed lay the pres
ident within few days. They gave q
bond OF $4,000, agreeing to cut the
burnt, dead and down timber on the res
eryation, and such timber IA may be
sold them by Indians who have been
awarded lands in severalty.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Some APE .intments.

WASHINGTON, Dec. l3.-The president
has sent to the senate .e following NOM
nations: Charles w. Dabney, Jr., of
Tennessee, assistant secretary of sgricul-
ture. vice Edwin Willis, resigned.
Postmasters: James II. Jordan, Den
yer, Colo. Ilowa-- Samuel +. Mcdonnell.
Bloomfield; Matthew McAlpin, Denison;
w. J. Stonebreaker. Hampton; John Fl.
Sherman, Osceola; l.. l.. Parker. Sibley;
Thomas J. Kelleher, Waukeen. Mime
sota--Myers G. Shook. Preston.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Mepape Located Again.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 13.--All the addi-
tional information the state department
has received about Menage is that he has
been actually located in San Salvador.
He iourneyed from Guatemala to Hon
duras, and from that republic TO Saliva
dor. Mrs. Menage, it is also learned, is
in Guatemala, where Menage was first
discovered. The state department is
still awaiting information from Minis
ters Young and Baker. If anything is
heard before Thursday it is probable
that Eye and Bracket will abandon
their trip from New Orleans 10 Central
America
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
4 Beech Tree L. Safest.

The danger of taking refuge under
a tree when Caught in thunder
storm is one Of which we are con-
stantly reminded, but when we have
TO choose between getting wet
through, with its attendant discom.
fort, and the apparently small
chance of being struck by lightning
while tinder the shelter of the tree,
1t Is only natural that we should dc
eide in favor Of the latter.
Under such circumstances it is Of
advantage to know which is the best
tree to choose for shelter. A certain
Herr Wockert tells us that we should
select beech tree and gives us the
following reason:
1t is always advisable to select
these trees whose leaves are hairy OF
ciliated in preference to trees with
smooth leaves. The danger of being
struck by lightning depends not only
upon the height of the tree, but also
upon its power of conductibility, de,
termiIed by the amount of sap and
its electric t. lSion.
Most of us know the tendency of
points to attract electricity, the most
notable example Of the application
of this principle being the lightning
conductor. The hairs OF ella Of leaves
act the part Of natural lightning con.
ductors, aud thus prevent the forna-
ton of very strong electromotivc
force. Therefore it stands to reason
that there is less danger in shelter
ing under beach tlee than under
an oak or trees of q similar kind
Paris FIGARO.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
FIGHT rOR PROPERTY.

squabble Over the Possession Of Ssig
Grain brill Plant.
DowAGIAc, Mich, Dec. 13.--The
Michigan Trust company Of Grand
Rar.ds ~ receiver for the Dowagipc
CO.. Daay took forcible possession Ut the
ijIapt Monday and were in turn. elected
at midnight by General Manager Lyle
anl = force Of 200 men. The plant used
in ehe manufacturc Of grain drills, is
valued at 81 ,Doo,o 900 and employed about
BOO rlaIh
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Grave Robber Convicted.

DEs MONIES, Ia, Dec. l3.-John w.
Schaeffer, who together with DR.. Over
ton professor in the medical department
OF Drake university, and three associates
were caught in the act of robbing the
grave of Wil'iam Case, an oh soldier.
last February, was found guilty IL the
district court. The jury was out but q
few minutes. Schaeifer until recently
was first assistant chief in the weather
department in the government building
here
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14

sUcceeded in satisfying Indian Comrnis-
s.oner Browning that Sioux soldiers and
scouts who are entitled to annuity are in
suffering condition and must have
money at once. Special Agent Shelby
has been ordered to report at the Indian
oiace Thursday to receive instructions.
lie will then go to st. Paul to make the
payment.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Insane Asylum steamer Sunk.

SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 13.-The steamer
Leader, having on board number Of
patients from the Stockton insane asy-
hum has been sunk in the San Joaquin
river, near Bittsburg, by colliding with
the steamer }. d. Peters II Is reported
that the passengers were rescued by the
steamer Mary Garrett.
There were ~ insane persons aboard
and when the collision occurred taey
were liberated anG saved themselves by
climbing aboard the Peters. The
Leader then sunk, and 400 sheep and .
quantity of merchandise was lost.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Cashier Suicided.

ROCHESTER, n, Y, Dec. l3.-Albert
II. Bruhnan, rec living cashier os the
Rochester Savings bank, suicided by
shooting himself at his home. He had
been i'll for three weeks, suffering from
a severe attacl: of grip, and it is sup
posed that despondency prompted bis
act.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Factory Burned.

AUBURN, Ind, Dec. 13 The factory
of the Auburn Church Furniture COM
pany. one of the largest factories here,
burned at 2 a. H. George Frederick,
the night Waterman, perished in the
flames, while fighting the fire. Loss,
S25 600: insurance, -, 900.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
There Are Apprchensions.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 13. There are
grave apprehensions at the state depart
ment over the non-arrival of the ship
from Honolulu, due Monday at San
Francisco. The vessel is one Of the
most reliable and regular. There are no
reports Of storms or accidents, and the
fear at tbe department is that war has
been precipitated IN Hawaii and the
shin detained.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Author of the JunIus Letters.

LONDON, Dec. 13.--The st. James
Gazette states that new book about to
be published will prove conclusively
that Sir Phillip Francis was the author
of the celebrated Juuius letters, whose
authorship has been disputed FOX the last
century and quarter.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Fire at sheldon.

SHELDON, Ia, Dec. IA fire at 5
o'clock a. m. burned ont Allen & Go. S
drug store all Messer & Co. $ hardware
store Loss, $4,000; insurance about
5000. The fire department worked
well and saved the balance of the block.
The cause OF the fire is unknown. 1t
was discovered by the night watch.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
COLONEL EASTMAN DEAD.
He Was Prominent in Politics Fifty Years
Ago.

ST. LOUIS, Dec. 13.-Colonel Alton X.
Eastman, one 0f the most prominent cit
izens of ST. Louis in early days, died
here just before midnight, aged SO years.
He il was after whom Alton, Ills, was
named. He was colonel of the First St.
Louis Legion in 1914, military governor
of Santa Fe during the Mexican war and
until 1913, assistant United States treas
urer under Fillmore, Inspector general
OF Missouri lS6l-6i, assessor of internal
revenue for this district under Grant.
He was close friend of Grant during
all his life. o. late he has been living
quietly at his o. homestead on Easton
avenue, this city. where he lied.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14

pected trial of Alfred John Monsor, a
tutor, charged with the murder of
Lieutenant Windsor Dudley Cecil Ham
brongh has opened in the sherig's count
before Lord Kingsburgh, lord Justice
CLERK OF Scotland. The trial just com
meneed involves the solution Of what is
known as the Ardlamont murder nys-
terry, and dates from August last,
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
81. Paul Taxable Property.

ST. RApL, Dec. l3.Assessor John
stone states the revised valuations of
taxable property for 1894 TO be. as fol-
lows, in round numbers: Real estate,
$l0a 900, ,0j0 about the same as last
year; Improvements, $3.50, 00O, ,00c; per
sonai property, $1,000. 900, the two lat
ter items showing an increase OF 81, ivO,-
600 over last year, which may be cut
down by the board Of abatement.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Will BE Liberated.

BUENos AyREs, Dec. Is. - General
Aleu- and Colonel Espina, leaders i'll the
recent revolutionary movement. and who
are now in prison, will be liberated
shorty by order OF the supreme court
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Beer DepSt Burned.

MARSHALL. Mimi, Dec. l3.-Early in
the morning the beer depot in the vicin-
ity of the Northwestern road was
burned. \ few kegs of beer were saved.
The fire was caused by az oil stove left
burning all Eignt The building is the
property Of John Grnd cf La Crosse and
is fully insured.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
LEAK IN A METER.
Seven Persons Pulled Out Of the
Deneen Flats at Sioux City,
Unconscious.
WERE ASPHYXIATED By GAS,

The Leak Being Caused by Freezing
David Wilson and Deputy Sheriff Sing.
iinger Cannot Rscover-Steamer Garry.
ing Insane Asylum Patients Sunk in the
San Joaquin River-Psssengers Rescued
SIOUX Cry, Ia, Dec. 13.---Seven per.
sons were pulled cut of Deneen flats
asphyxiated by illuminating gas. The
leak was IA the meter and was caused
by freezing. David Wilson and Deputy
Sheriff Charles Singlinger cannot re-
cover. The others will be saved.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
RsIensed tho steamer.

MILWAUKEE, Dec. 13.-The tug Wei
come released F. & p. M. steamer No. 3
from tho rocks in Whitefish bay abont
noon, and towod her into port She will
he placed in drydock at once. Her inju-
rieS are not serious.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
How to rat Up q Ciotheslinc.

A simple contrivance designed to
save great deal of washdGy work
can be put in place very easily 1t
consists of a-little house or shed Is
inches long fastened stoutly a!l
along one side against the outer wall
of building, or perhaps against a
fence, though one objection TO the
latter is that the line when stretched
and hung with wet clothes would
pull upon the fence and perhaps
cause it to sag il time. A part of
the other or outer side of the little
clothesline shelter is made in a sort
of door, opening OIL hinges, which
lets down, disclosing the barrel ON
which the clothesline is wound. TO
this at one end. crank handle is
attached with q ratchet wheel.
IN putting up the line, one end of
which is tied TO the barrel, first un-
wind the line and pass it around
each pole until al is in the position
wanted. Slip the loop III the end
over the last pole, then go back to
the box, turn the crank until al the
line is straight and taut, then fasten
by means of ratchet SO that il can.
not unwind. This cfectually pre-
vents ''saggirg." When the clothes
have been taken OF the line, wind il
up and shut up the side opening tc
protect the rope from rain, damp
ness and riildaw. Good Housckeep.
inp
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Was ia Years Old.

San DIEGO, Cal. Dec. 13.-A Mexican
named Panch, il3 years old, and totally
blind, has teen found burned to death in
his home near here. He was left alone
in the house with some cigarettes and
matches, and it is supposed he set the
p1,cn ~, fra
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
An S'npsrd donable Fault.

Figg-Goodman is dead. He has
led most beautiful and correct
life. Everybody praises him.
Fogg - But, confound him, he
trumped my ace once when we were
playing partners at whist!-Bstor
Transcript.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
HITS RESOLUTION.

The Honse Foreign Affairs Committee
Will Report IL Favorably.
WASHINGTON, Dec. l3.-Ihe house
committee on foreifn affairs has decided
to'order favorable report on the Hit
resolution calling for the correspondence
on the Hawaiian matters. The rssolu-
tion was amended so rs to include all
the correspondence during the Harrison
adpliniatfat.ou
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14

President Thwing says more young
women are hurt by too much dane,
ing and candy eating than young
mec are by too much smoking,
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Changes In Duties.

WASHINGTON, Dec. l3.-The ways and
means committee inI ceased the malt
duty from % to 80 per cent al valorem.
The duty Oh cut diamonds has been re-
duced from 70 to 10 per cent.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14

The system OF Pestaloza. taught
that form, number and language are
tie elements of knowledge anl that
thorough acquaintance with them
in every phase constitutes education.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
Neiggs on TRIAL.

ST. Paul, Dec. lB.-J. j. Meiggs, one
OF the Fleuly gang of bank robbers, was
placed on tiial in Judge Kelly's court.
A motion for a continuance was denied
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14

At the present rate Of increase
there will DE 100 900, 900 people in
TIE United States ia so years
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
TO LAnoR WITH THE N. p.
Grand Masters of I,rotherhoods Will
Meet I'm 81. PAU.

Grand Masters of Brotherhoods viii
Meet In -. PAU.
TERRE HAUTE, Ind. Dec. l3.-Grand
Master Sarg mt, of the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Fireman, has left here for
st. Paul, where a committee of six
botherhoods in the Federation Of Railway
Labor will meet with the officials OF the
Northern Pacific road to urge that the
proposed 10 per cent reduction in wages
bc not insisted upon. Ii the officials
will not yield the question of accepting
the reduction will be submitted to the
men. Two-thirds of each brotherhood
must vote in favor of strike before one
can go into effect, and this is not prob
able.
Reds VIII Get Money.
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14
The Ardiamont Mystery.

EpiSprRaH, Dec, .l3.--Ihe. long Ak
The pioneer press. (Miller, Hand County, S.D.) 1893-190?, 1893-12-14

Reds VIII Get Money.
WAsNiNeroS. Dec. TO- -:Celoncl Kiefer
Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1893-12-01
WAYS of a Captive Wildcat.

Everybody has heard of Mic Arend's
wildcat. The cat was given Nc some
months ago, and ever since has been
living on the fat of the land. The
cook, colored woman. at Mics place
feeds the cat. which has manifested
great fondness for her. When she ap-
proacbes the cage ne purrs in the most
pleasant manner, but if anybody else
comes about him he Immediately
growls and shows his wicked looking
fangs. The cat is perfectly satisfied
with his home. Two or three times
his cage door has been accidentally
left open, but he never even walked
outside to see what the rest of the
world looked like. However, whenever
it occurred that the cage door was left
open. Mic always missed n chicken.
The other day he saw the cat catch
one He simply croUched down by
the door and waited until the chicken,
oblivious Of danger, came along, and
then he shot cut lis raw and had the
chicken by the head. After he catches
and kills the fowl he picks oil the
feathers of it almost as carefully as
cook, and uses his mouth in the opera
ton while holding the bird between
his paws,-Florida TimesUpion.
Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1893-12-01
The Standing Stones of Peru.

Near the little village of San Jose,
Peru, on the bleak and barren shores
of Lake Titicaca-the most elevated
body of water of any considerable size
in the world-are three large pillars of
stone. If they were not of unequal
height they would resemble gate-posts
or piers upon which at some time in
the far past great arches had been
erected. To the different tribes of
Peruvians they are known by words
which signify standing stones" and
''tall stone gods. Upon the north
side of each of these huge powders the
rude features of human face have
been deeply carved, the other three
sides of each being chiseled with de-
signs of various shapes, kinds and
sizes These carved symbols are all
supposed to have some reference to sun
worship, which the ancient Peruvians
are known to have practiced. AL
though the ancient inhabitants of that
country were highly civilized, and
probably had many mechanical appli-
ances, it is believed that they were I'M
equal to the task of placing these gil
gantic monoliths in their present posi-
ton The evidence rather points to
their having originally been wandering
or erratic powders deposited by some
melting glacier -Detroit Free Press.