The evening world., 1893-12-19

.F1TTI NTTVPTI uTU THUT T0p T1TCQ M
taNatlon should be dictated by the SELF.
lsnness and greed OF those who nre 10
receive the axes.
INDUSTRY AIDED FIRST.
we have believed that the first step
toWards a reform of the tariff should
OF industry.
There can be no substantial and bere-
nclal reduction upon the necessary cloth
ing ana other comforts of the American
hepIle, nor any substantial and hene-
can labor, so long as we tax materials
ana processes of production.
Every tax upon the producer falls
WITH increased force on the consumer.
Every tax on the producer in this coun-
try Is q, protection to his competitors
~ al other countries, add SO narrows
nus market as to limit the number and
can give employment.
Every c~heapening In the cost or en-
iarSement. of the supply of his raw ma
%terials, while primarily inuring To the
dement, OF the manufacturer himself,
passes under free competition Immediate
~, and passes entirely to the consumer,
VINO very soon gets even more benefit
out of II than such reductions seem to
carry, because with the rapid widening
OF his market the manufacturer is able
TO sell at a smaller profit.
LEGISLATION FOR THE CONSUMER
1t Is, therefore, a very narrow and
shorts! GIFTED view which supposes tina
we release tire duties on iron ore n
coal and wood and other like articles
for the benefit of those who manufacture
our iron. steel. woollen and other fab
RIGS.
We are legislating for the great mill
ions of consumers beyond them. and for
the scores of thousands of laborers to
"hom they may thus give steady n
well paid employment.
II Is no less a narrow and sho~rt-sighted
view mat SlDDDSpS that "a removal of the
tariff duties on such n~ecessarics of in.
dustry will innlct any real loss upon
those who produce them in our own
country.
WIDENING THE MARKETS..
The enlargement of markets for our
PRODUCTS In other countries. the increase
on the Internal m and in the
carrying trade of our country, will in
sue a growing home market for all
these things that will quickly outstrip
anything they could have under the pro-
tective system.
Iron and coal are the basis of modern
Industry. The abundance and chcapness
of their supply offers in many lines of
productions the manufacturing suprcm-
acy of the world.
While the mines Of other countries are
becoming exhausted AMI the cost Of min
ing In consequence l., increasing we are
constantly discovering and developing
now sources of sup )lY.
The discovery of the immense beds of
Bessemer ores in the Lake region and
of foundry ores in several of the South
ern States, their convenience for trans
portation and for the assemblage of
in mining-all these have so %cheapened
the cost of producing pig-iron and steel
as to take away all possibility and dan
ger of foreign competition in almost
every part of the country.
COAL PRODUCTION EXTENDED.
Not less rapid has been the growth OF
our coal production. The existing duty
or 10 cents a ton on iron ore and on
bituminous coal cannot be justified
either as a protective or a revenue
duty. The importations into this coun
our revenue while no one contends tina
the cost Of mining is higher in the
United States than in the countries that
might seek our market.
1t could never have been intended that
a constitution which establishes perfect
freedom Of internal trade among the
states should c~ountenance laws that hold
one section of the Union, however re-
supplies, Of those necessary materials
whose location Is ordained by natural
law and not by human choice
WOOL TARIFF A HAMPER.
This House in two Congresses in recent
years H. wing, after full debate, passed
laws putting wool upon the free list. ii
Is not deemed necessary in this report To
attempt a 'estatement of the reasons
for doing so. 1t is enough to say tina,
the tariff upon wool has disastrously
hampered our manufa curing industry
and made cruel and relentless war upor
the health, the comfort and the produc.
tive energy of the American people.
FREE LUMBER.
Logs are already on the free-list. We
have gone n step farther. and put un.
dressed lumber generally on that list
This may serve to cheaper and improve
the dweliing-houses of some of our peo.
plish nothing more than to delay the rap.
Id destruction of American forests.
FREE HEMP AND FLAX.
We have also placed hemp and fax
unhackled on the free list, for the rea.
sons stated above, that we may give
material to work upon and that we may
give the finished product, as far as pos.
sible, to the consumer with but a single
tax. and that a moderate one. instead
gathered during the process of produc.
ton.
In addition to these so-called raw ma.
terials we nave released from tariff
manufactures which we have shown
our capacity to produce cheaper han
any other country, such as pig copper and
the more important agricultural nipple
mcnts.
Any article or manufacture which car
sustain the competition of like foreign
articles IN Otner markets can uefy Sucn
competition in the home market, and T.
not protected by the duty. but by Its
WI intrinsic superior cheapness and
quality.
THE EFFECT OF NEEDLESS DUTIES
The only effect of a duty on such ar.
ticles Is to enable those who make then
to charge higher prices to the citizens
of their own country than they charge
to foreigners, and this has been motor.
iously the case with both copper anC
many agricultural Implements.
In adjusting duties upon what NAV bI
called the finished products VIE hav,
tried to impose such rates as will no
destroy or distress any of our HON,
Industries on the one hand, no,
on the other secure to them an oppres
sive monopoly of the home market. Fo,
this rule We have the recognized au
thority' both of well-knoWn and leadin,
Tariff reformers and of those who ii
days past were considered moderat,
protectionists..
The report here quotes from speeche,
Of the late Senator Beck, Mr.. Carlisle
the late President Garfield and senate
Sherman.
IMPORTANT CHANGES.
A few only of the most importan
! changes made in the dutiable list Nee
Lc here enumerated:
In the c~arthenwarC schedule, we hay
made substantial reductions, Icavin,
rates as high as were deemed necassar,
in he war tariff. In common w!ndoy
glass. where close Combina tons hay
kept up the prices to consumers unde
n scale OF duties averaging more THAI