The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1893-05-25
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

surface has well developed eyes. In
deeper water only eyestalks are pres
ent--no eyes, while in specimens from
still deeper water the eyestalks have
joined forming a pointed beak.
The British Royal Commission on
Labor says in recent report that the
annual rate of remuneration for farm
labor in the United States is 1882, COM
pared with $3.50 in Great Britain, S125
in France, 500 in Holland. 800 in Ger
many, $50 in Russia, $50 in Italy, and
$50 in India.
The making of tannin extract from
hemlock bark has become quite an in
dustry in western Washington. The
variety used, known as white hemlock,
yields a very superior light extract,
which gives leather color that can
hardly be distinguished from oak tan.
Paris has practically decided that
the big thing with which she will
amuse the world at the exhibition of
1900 will be the greatest of all tele-
scopes. 1t will cost at least $500, 900,
and it is expected to bring the moon
near enough to see objects no larger
than the towers of the Brooklyn bridge.
According to recently issued statis-
tics there are 1871 1928 miners employed
at the coal mines of France. of which
$1,000 work underground and $3.50
above ground. OF those working under
ground 1881 are children less than 10
years old; of those working above
ground, 1886 are women and 4,s2O
children.
"A new work by r. w. Wilson states
that by irrigation 25,0O0,0OO acres are
made fruitful in India alone. In Egypt
there are about 6,000,000 acres, and in
Europe about 100000. The United
States has but just begun the work of
improving its waste area, but has al
ready about 100000 acres of irrigated
lands.
The life of trees is determined very
largely by climate. Actual experiment
has shown that the English oak, for in
stance, natures and consequently dies
sooner in the United States than in En-
gland. The life of one of these trees
across the water is estimated to be a
thousand years, and in America but
three hundred. Journal of
Commerce.
The value Of silver ore shipped from
Creole, Col. in February is estimated
to have been SS5O,000, The silver out
put of Colorado was increased last year
by 5000, 900 ounces The low price of
silver has no effect upon the production
of the metal in the mines, where the
cost ranges between Is and 40 cents an
ounce. The output this year will prob
ably be very much larger than in 1892.
While digging sewer bitches in AL
bany, Ga recently, it is reported that
workmen unearthed curious rock forma-
tons, which go to prove the assertions
of biologists that many years ago that
part of Georgia was part of the sea,
and was built up by gradual deposits
of sediment from rivers and other
sources" The rocks found are said to
be limestone and contain fossil sea
shells and impressions of shells.
During the last few years Prof. Bar
nard, Oh the Lick observatory, has been
engaged in photographing in detail the
Milky Way. When the plates are fin-
ished, which will not be for three
years, it is expected that the facts re-
vealed by them will revolutionize the
old conceptions of this remarkable phe-
| nomenOn. The textbooks declare that
the Milky Way probably contains 30
100000 suns; but Prof, Barnard esti-
mates that the camera will record the
presence of at least 500 900, 900, with the
certainty that there must be a still
larger number which are not visible
n. Y Tribune.
I'm 1892 the total number Of persons
employed in and about all the mines
in the United Kingdom was I'll, S0S, of
whom 5000 were females, working
above ground. There were 1862 acct
dents during the year, occasioning
1,034 deaths, one death for every 679
persons employed, as against one for
every 66S in the preceding year. The
total amount of mineral wrought was
1911 ,054 1908 tons, of which 1S1, 1861
tons was coal. There was a decrease
in total production of 5,73S,6S4 tons
compared with 1891. When protectory
laws was first passed, there was one
death for every 233 persons employed.
Astronomers are delighted with the
results of the observations made on the
sun during the total eclipse. The OBJ
servations made at the Harvard station
in Chile are thought to establish con-
clusively the theory that the dimen-
sions of the corona depend on the
activity of the sun itself. The unusually
large corona observed on Sunday is
taken as evidence of the remarkable
activity of the solar fires. The prac-
teal application of these discoveries is
not yet clear, but it is expected that
eventually they will be of use in fore
casting the character of the season.
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