davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
SOME SANITARY ASPECTS or
BREAD MAKING. s..
By CYRUS EDISON, II. D..

Health Commissioner, New York City.
1t is necessary, il one would under
stand the sanitary aspects of bread
making, to fully comprehend the pres
ent theory held by scientists Of germs
and the part played by them in disease.
The theory Of disease germs is merely
the name given to the knowledge had
of those germs by medical men, 4
knowledge which is the result Of In
Vulnerable experiments. Being this.
the old term of theory has become
a misnomer. A germ of disease is a
plant, SO small that l do not know
how to express intelligibly to the gem
eral reader it's lack of size. When this
germ is introduced into the blood
or tissues of the body, its ac-
ton appears to be analogous to that
which takes place when yeast is added
to dough. 1t attacks certain elements
OF the blood or tissues, and DESTROYS
them, at the same time producing new
substances.
But the germs of the greater part of
the germ diseases, that is. of the infec-
tious and contagious diseases, will de-
velop or increase in number without
being in the body of human being,
provided always you give them the
proper conditions. These conditions
are to be found in dough which is be-
ing raised with yeast. They are
warmth, moisture and the organic
matter of the -four on which the germs,
after certain changes, feed.
1t is necessary to remember at this
point that yeast is germ growth, and
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17

tho cir and dust. The longer any sub
stance to be eaten is exposed to the
air, the greater the chance that germs
will be deposited on it. Bread raised
with yeast is worked down or kneaded
twice before being baked and this pro-
cess may take anywhere from four
hours to ten. It has, then, the chance
OF collecting disease germs during this
process Of raising and it has two peri
DDS OF working down or kneading dur
ing each of which it may gather the
dirt containing the germs from the
bakers hands. AS no bread save that
raised with yeast, goes through this
long process of raising and kneading
SO no bread save that raised with yeast
has SO good q chance of gathering
germs. IT, =,
What is meant by ''raising" bread is
worth a few words. The introduction
OF the yeast into the moist dough and
the addition of heat when the pan is
placed near the fire produces an enor-
nous growth of the yeast fungi-the
yeast germ" in other words. These
fungi effect a destructive fermentation
OF portion of the starchy matter OF
the hour-one of the most valuable
nutrient elements in the -four. The
fermentation produces carbonic acid
gas, and this, having it's origin in
every little particle of the starch
which is itself everywhere in the flour,
pushes aside the particles of the dough
to give itself room. This is what is
called raising the bread.
1t needs but a glance to see that It
is, in its effects on the dough, purely
mechanical. The dough, which was
before a close-grained mass. is now
full of little holes, and when cooked in
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17

this condition is what we ordinarily
call light. This porous quality of
bread enables the stomach to rapidly
and easily digest it, for the gastric
juices quickly soak into and attack it
from all sides. The fermentation of
the dough, however, uses up portion
OF the nutrient elements of the loaf.
1t it beIpossible, therefore, to produce
light porous loaf without this de-
structio n and without the ''kneading''
process, which fills the dough with
germs and filth, and without the long
period during which the raising process
goes on, the gain in food and the gain
in the avoidance of the germs is ex-
ceedingly plain.
But while we can easily see the dan
gers which attend the use of yeast it is
certain that the vesiculating effect
produced by it on the dough is to the
: last degree perfect. BY this mean
that every particle of gluten produces
its little bubble of gas and that there
fore the bread is properly raised that
is, it is raised everywhere. It is ap-
parent that if we are to substitute any
other system of bread making we must
have one which will give us, first, me-
chanical results equally as good, that
is, that will produce minute bubbles of
carbonic acid gas throughout the mass
of dough. Now it is in no way diff
cult to produce carbonic acid gas chem
ically, but when we are working at
bread we must use such chemicals as
are perfectly healthful. Fortunately
these are not hard to find.
The evils which attend the yeast
made bread are obviated by the use OF
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
NOW FACE THE MORROW.

=. -
) =. tno uay = DfloI pain ana passing care
aavo seemed TOO much and too bard to bear:
Thou hast failed In temper and lost in heart:
! II tho undiscouraged. iourncying sun,
As 1t sinks TO its rest with its travail done. SIS
Leaves thee all spent with trouble and
s0rrow- - S-s S.: Sc
How shalt thou face the harder Tomorrow
.S Isl I'll ssz5
u tho tnlngs familiar daunt thee 80.
noW snait tnou oeal with IN unknown wool
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
HORSE SENSE.

An Instance Which Shows Wonderful
Sagacity In Two Animals.
A writer in Nature from the Ruskin
museum, Sheffield. records an instance
of sagacity in horses. From the win
dow opposite, he says, have just wit
messed an interesting performance on
the part of two horses. Bordering the
park is q strip of land, doomed to be
built upon, but meanwhile lying waste
and used for common pasturage, on
which the horses under notice were
leisurely grazing. A pony in cart,
having been unwisely left by the
owner for time unattended on the
grass, suddenly started off, galloping
over the uneven ground at the risk of
overturning the cart. The two horses,
upon seeing this, Immediately Joined
in pursuit with evident zest. My first
supposition, that they were merely
joining in the escapade in a frolicsome
spirit, was at once disproved by the
methodical and business-like manner
of their procedure. They soon reached
/ the runaway, by this time on the road,
one on one side of the cart and one on
the other; then, by regulating their
pace, they cleverly contrived to inter-
cept his progress by gradually coming
together in advance of him, thus
stopping him Immediately in the tri-
angular corner they formed. Until
the men came up to the pony's head
they remained standing thus together
quite still; then the two horses, evil
IDENTITY satisfied that all was now right,
without any fuss trotted back again
together to their grass.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
MARRIAGE DON'TS,

DON'T forget that marriage is the
foundation of new family, not the
union of two old ones.
DON'T marry anybody till satisfied
that life together will be bearable and
enjoyable as long as both shall live
DoN'T expect marriage to make a
great change in the habits and aims of
q young man~-or q young woman
either.
DON'T marry for physical beauty
alone; for, unless mated with beauty
Of mind and spirit, it is truly an apple
of ashes.
DoN'T marry one whose tastes and
ideals in life are SO different from your
own that there could never be single
ness of aim and purpose in the home
Good housekeeping.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
THE BARNARD.

AS THE comfort of the animal is de.
stroyed, so is it's proftablsss reduced.
THE time to get rid of old or other.
wise improbable animals is before the
pastures fail seriously.
HAVE good shade for the hog lot il
it has to be built of boards and during
haying. 1t never pays to let swine cook
in the hot sun.
The work team is kept in the best
condition more by regularity and man
ner of feeding than by the greatest
amount of food.
If there is any rule more important
in stock raising than to have the ami
NAL gain something every day from
the time it is born until it is put upo1
the market, we have not heard of it.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
August
Flow p'

I had been troubled Eve months
with Dyspepsia. had a fullness.
after eating, and heavy load in the.
pit of my stomach. Sometimes. 4
deathly sickness would overtake.
me. l was working for Thomas
McHenry, Druggist, Allegheny City,
Pa, in whose employ l had been for
seven years. fused August Flower
for two weeks. I was relieved of all
trouble. I can now eat things I
dared not touch before. I have
gained twenty pounds since my re-
covery. J. D. Cox, Allegheny, Pa. o
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
being added, the dough Is made up o.
quickly as possible and moulded into

being added, the dough Is made up aa
quickly as possible and moulded into
the loaves.
These are placed in the oven and
baked. But the very moment che
warmth and moisture attack the mix
ture Of cream of tartar and soda, these
two ingredients chemically combine
and carbonic acid or leavening gas is
evolved. The consequence may be
seen at q glance, the bread is raised
during the time it is baking in tho
oven, and this is the most perfect Of
all conceivable methods of raising Il.
Here, then. there is no chance for
germs of disease to get into the dough
and thence into the stomach, more
than that the bread is necessarily as
sweet as possible, there having been
no time during which it could sour.
This involves the fact that the bread
so made will keep longer, as it is less
likely to be contaminated by the germs
that affect the souring process.
1t will be strange if the crowds Of
visitors to the worlds fair do not great
ly increase the number Of contagious
disease, which we will have to treat,
Under these circumstances is it not
folly of follies to open a single chan
mel through which these germs may
reach us? Is it not the part of wisdom
to watch with the greatest care all
that we eat and drink, and to see that
none but the safest and best methods
are employed in the preparation of our
food? To me it seems as though there
could be but one answer to questions
like these.
1 have shown the danger of using
the yeast raised bread, and with this I
have shown how that danger may be
avoided. The ounce of prevention
which in this case is neither diff
ficult nor expensive is certain
~ worth many pounds of cure,
and the best thing about it is
that it may be relied on almost abso-
lutely. Those who during the coming
summer eat bread or biscuits or rolls
made at home with Royal baking
powder may be sure they have abso-
lutely stopped one channel through
which disease may reach them.
NoTE.-Housekeepers desiring informa-
tton In regard to the preparation Of the
bread which DIR. Edison for sanitary reasons
| so strongly urges for general use, should
write to the Royal Baking Powder Com
pany, New York.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17

things are hushed up. II she laid that
dainty little weapon against her tenn
pie It would soon be oyer-soI
man sprang out from the trees,
right in front of her, and caught her
uplifted hand with wrench that made
her shudder and cry out. He put his
other hand over her mouth and stifled
the cry.
BE silent!' he said, in q hoarse, shak-
ing voice; do you want all the world
TO know Of your madness?''
'sMadness!-tO die when life Ia worth
less! Let me go! will kill myself!
That pistol is Miner
He drew the trigger and fired in the
cir. holding the girl so close to him
with his left arm that she could not
struggle. She knew this face with its
blue eyes. She cried out sharply:
1t is you who killed me!-why did
you look at me and reproach me?'
Ny poor child" the man said in IN
infinite pity. and she broke into hyster-
ical sobs.
"Why do you save me? MY life is
my own. have lost everything. I
will die-I must!''
"Hush! What have you lost?"
She started back and looked up at him
with her wild, dark eyes.
Yesterday was rich," she easped.
''to-day have nothing; staked the
last had-you saw it. What is left to
me save death?"
'Good God! child, why do You tear
my heart with such words! Death! be-
cause you are penniless! could laugh
it it were not so pitiable! Who taught
you that wretched code, that miserable
cowardice? You shall not 20 out OF
my sight till you swear to hold your
hfo as sacred"
II can't live-I can't! Oh! don't you
understand"
He loosened her from his clasp and
flung himself at her feet, locking her
hands in his.
II do understand" he said, ''but /
will come between you and dishonor.
Make your life mine, and all mine shall
be yours. All! stay" he sprang TO his
feet at her startled cry; don't fear
me; listen to me''
"You insult me; because you save
my wretched life, does that give you
this right?' she demanded, passion
ately.
'Claudine, listen; you shall not leave
me so. Hour after hour have watched
you-longed to tear you from that
sordid life-1 loved you"
| 'Loved me-a gambler! . would-be
suicide! A man who talks of love to
me only means one thing
'Yes-one thing. 1 swear by that
heaven above us!''
Clear, unfathomable, q very emblem
of purity, that sky stretched over them;
as clear were those eyes to which the
unhappy girl turned her own in an ut
ter bewilderment. He drew her softly
within his arms, and she suffered it
this stranger, whose name even she
did not know.
"Your life is mine," he said-and she
trembled, and when he put his hand on
the beautiful head and drew it to his
breast she made no resistance.
'All I have loved died." she whis-
pcred. II have no friends-nothing to
live for"
''For me, my darling"
She drew herself from him abruptly.
II will give you that promise you
asked for" she said. 'Come and see
| me Tomorrow"
| He took her home without anothe,
word. He heard her story when he saw
her the nextday-a motherless, neglect.
ed childhood, and father who trans
mitted to her his ruling vice. 1t was in
her blood. But she could not daunt the
chivalrous lover, who stirred all he,
dormant soul and wore her out with hi.
persistent devotion. She had scorned
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
HOW INSECTS MAKE MUSIC.

Kstydids Rub Their Shoulder Blades and
Grasshoppors Strike Their Wings.
. Everybody is familiar with the music
of the katydid. Here, again, says the
Washington Star, it is the male that
has the voice. At the base of each
wing cover is thin membraneous
plate. He elevates the wing covers
and rubs the two plates together. II
you could rub your shoulder blades to-
gether you could initiate the operation
very nicely.
Certain grasshoppers make sound
when flying that is like watchman's
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS., very rapidly re.
peated. There are also some moths
and butterflies which have voices. The
deaths head" moth makes a noise
when frightened that strikingly re-
sembles the crying of a young baby.
How it is produced is not known,
though volumes have been written on
the subject. The mourning cloak
butteray "a dark species with light
border in its wings-makes cry OF
alarm by rubbing it's wings together.
The katydids, crickets, grasshoppers
and other musical insects are all ex-
aggerated in the tropics, assuming
giant forms. Thus their cries are pro-
portionately louder. There is an East
Indian cicada which makes a remark
ably loud noise. It is called by the
natives "dundub," which means drum.
From this name comes that of the
genus, which is known as dundubia.
This is one of the few scientific terms
derived from the Sanslarit.
The 'deathwatch" is popular name
applied to certain beetles which bore
into the walls and floors of old houses
They make-a ticking sound by stand
ing on their hind legs and knocking
their heads against the wood quickly
and forcibly. 1t is a sexual call. Mhny
superstitions have been entertained re-
speeding the noise produced by these
insects, which is sometimes imagined
to be a warning of death.
Entomologists have succeeded in re.
cording the cries of many insects by
the ordinary system of musical nota.
ton. But this method does not show
the actual pitch, which is usually sew.
eral octaves above the staff. It mere
~ serves to express the musical inter.
walls. It is known with reasonable Ger.
tainty that many insects have voices
SO highly pitched that they cannot be
heard by the human ear. One evidence
of this fact is that some people can dis
tinguish cries of insects which are no,
audible to others.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17
why Fish Arc White Underneath.

There is no phenomenon of nature
that escapes the Investigating eye of
science. In England they have lately
been experimenting with founders in
order to determine whether the white
ness of the under sides of those fish is
due to the exclusion of the light, and
the presence of color on their upper
sides to exposure to light. They have
kept the fish experimental on living in
, glass tank having mirror placed be-
meath, so as to reflect light upon the
under sides Of the fish. One of these
prisoners has survived for three years
under conditions so strangely different
from its ordinary habits of life, and all
Of them have exhibited the develop
ment Of spots Of pigment on the lower
surfaces The experimenters have con-
cluded that it is exposure to light that
causes the coloration Of the upper parts
Of the bodies not only Of founders but
of other fish, and conversely, that it is
to the comparative absence of light
that the Wilderness Of the under side Of
the fish is due. They extend tie same
principle to explain the colorless condi-
ton Of the skins Of many animals that
pass Ill their lives in caves Youths
Companion. %.s.5
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17

all homage-it had been of so dou btful
a sort How did this Englishman
wake in her q thousand beautiful
things?
"Love is Of no nationality" he would
say, smiling. ''You were born for me,
and I for you-the one in France, the
other in England. What matter?'
What did he love in her? Wistfully
she said it.
"You yourself The self somehow
knew"
The marquis de Lys, who had left
Nice before his English friend, got a
letter from Euston Leigh in Paris one
day.
"You wondered why wouldn't leave
Nice," the Englishman wrote. "You
can't leave you heart behind you, can
you? I married Claudine Daubray this
morning, and we leave for England to-
night. Come and see us. Are you
afraid for me? You need not be. You
laughed at me once for saying there
were twin souls-I know it is true"
But the marquis did not laugh this
time-something he guessed of that
night at the Casino.
"Those English are fond of romantic
marriages." he said
And "the greatest gambler in Eu-
rope?' She has still only one passion.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17

properly made, pure and wholesome
baking powder in lieu of yeast. Bak-
ing powders are composed of an acid
and an alkali which, if properly COM
bined, should when they unite at once
destroy themselves and produce car
bonic acid gas. A good baking powder
does its work while the loaf is in the
oven, and having done it, disappears.
But care is imperative in selecting
the brand of baking powder to be GER
tain that it is composed of non-injuri-
GUS chemicals. Powders containing
alum or those which are COM
pounded from impure ingredients,
or those which are not COM
bined in proper proportion or care
fully mixed and which will leave either
an acid or an alkali in the bread, must
not be used.
It is we'll to sound note of warning
in this direction or the change from
the Objectionable yeast to an impure
baking powder will be case of jump
ing from the frying pan into the fire.
The best baking powder made is, as
shown by analysis, the Royal" It
contains absolutely nothing but cream
of tartar and soda, refined to q chem
ical purity, which when combined un-
der the influence of heat and moisture
produce carbonic acid gas, and having
done this, disappear. It's leavening
strength has been found superior to
other baking powders, and as far as /
know, it is the only powder which will
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-08-17

must be worked long time. This
is an exceedingly Objectionable
thing from the standpoint of a physi-
germs of disease which are in the air
and dust and on stairways and straps
in street cars, are most often collected
on the hands. So well do physicians
know this that there is no ablution
practical equal to that which they I'M
.dergo before they perform any kind of
surgical operation. Any person who
has ever kneaded dough understands
the way in which the dough cleans the
hands. In other words, this means
that any germs which may have found
a lodging. place on the hands of the
baker before he makes up his batch of
bread are sure to find their way into
the dough, and once there, to find all
the conditions necessary for subdi-
vision and growth. This is equivalent
to saying that we must rely on heat to
kill these germs, because it is almost
certain that they will be there. Now,
underdone or doughty bread is form
which every man and woman has seen.
It is a belief as old as the hills that
underdone bread is unhealthful. This
reputation has been earned for it by
the experience of countless genera
lions, and no careful mother will wish
her children to eat bread that has not
been thoroughly cooked. The reason
given for this recognized unhealthful-
ness has been that the uncooked yeast
dough is very difficult to digest, and
I this reason, has value. No one but
physician would be apt to think of dis
esse. germs which have not been killed
during the process Of baking as q
cause of the sickness following the
use 81 uncooked yeast bread. Yet this
result from this cause is more than
probable. Il have not the slightest
doubt that could we trace back some
of the cases of illness which we meet
In our practice we would find that
germs collected by the baker have
found their way into the yeast bread,
-stlat the heat has not been sufficient to
destroy them, that the unlocked yeast
bread has been eaten and with it the
colonies Of germs, that they have:
found their way into the blood and
!, that the call Tor our services which
& followed, has rounded OF this sequence
of events.
have already pointed out that the
/ ssms OF disease ere 70 be found in
s