davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
Better Than Powder,

Recent experiments just concluded
- @5s ;.TSernment proofbutts, WOOL
rich. ri apuear prove the decided
superiority Of cordite 5ss 9unpo"osf:
A six-inch quick-f1rinR eaws ws
loaded with 20 pounds u ounces o.
the ordinary back gunpowder, apd
yielded a velocity Of 1900 feet per SEC
ond, with q pressure strain on the
gun Of Is tons per square inch. The
same gun was charged With IA pounds
three ounces Of cordite, and gase q
velocity Of 2274 feet per second and a
pressure of 1872 tons. More import
ant still, after $50 rounds had been
fred there were no signs Of erosion.
The new substance is manufactured
at the Government powder miias,
Waltham Abbey, and contains So per
cent. of n:tro-Glycerine 81 Of gun
cotton and 5 Of mineral jelly. The
velocity Of the shot along the bore OF
the six-inch gun was calculated to
the tnillIonth Of a second from
the first moment Of being set in
motion. Minute as they may appear,
Lieut.. Il. sWatkin, R A., has in
vented an instrument which, IL ia
said, will measure fractions Of time
to the nine billionth part Of second.
About SO OF the 6-inch quick firing
guns have been supplied to the navy,
and the authorities at the royal gun
factories have begun the manufacture
IF larger guns Of the same pattern,
with velocity Of 1900 miles per
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
A Deadly Poison.

Two eminent French chemists have
succeeded in extracting a deadly
poison. in the shape Of liquid, from
human and animal breath. It is
concluded that in the air Of ill-ven
tilated rooms there is an accumula
tion Of a deadly volatile principle,
more dangerous tran the carbonit
acid which Is always present. The
discovery constitutes an additional
reason:why greater attention should be
paid to the publication Of the air Of
dweHing-houses, and especially Of
sleeping rooms, by thoroughly
scientific system OF ventilation. We
are reminded, by the announcement
Of the discovery Of the poisonous na
ture of breath, Of the very extraor
dinary occurrence that took place at
the Old Bailey in 1850. Newgate
Gaol, always in very bad sanitary
condition. had been crowded with
prisoners, mostly discharged soldiers,
on the close of the great Continental
War. Snollett, a doctor of medicine,
says in his history that 1.-THE very ali
they breathed acquired pestilential
degree Of putrefactlon. The result,
when the men were taken for trial ii
the Old Bailey, was fearfully tragic.
The lord MAYOR, an alderman, two
Judges, several lawyers, most Of the
iury :pqd a large number Of specta,
! tors died the effects ef inhaling
the poison reeking from the pris
| Oners.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
HorseShoes.

Horses were not shed in Egypt
Assyria. or Palestine. The latte
country was supplied with horses b.
the Egyptians. Solomon paid Isl
shekels Of silver, equal in value to 81;
for each horse. This was a higf
price, the difference in relative valu,
Of a shekel and given weight 0
wheat being considered.
Isaiah speaks Of horses who's
''hoofs shall be counted like flint:
valuable quality where they wer'
shoeless. The Syrians and Hittite:
were supplied with Egyptian horse
by Solomon, who turned an homes
penny by this means.
Aristotle and Pliny mention th'
covering Of horses feet in ston.
places to protect the hoof from break
age and wear, but it is probable thai
such a covering was bandage o.
boot, and used principally on lon
journeys.
Suetonius refers to the dismount
ing Of Vespasian's muleGeer, to shot
his mules. Wrappings Of plated
fiber, such as hemp Or broom, were
used, as was also leather. In Japar
the horses have clogs Of twisted
straw, Of which large supply is car
ried on a journey; when worn, an
other IS immediately applied.
The modern custom Of shoeina
would, no doubt, appear barbarou:
custom in their minds. Capt. Cool
refers to the fact that the Siberian:
and Kamtschatkans use travelling
socks for their dogs. Camels IN ole
times were similarly provided. Thess
bouts were drawn on over the feet, anG
it does not appear that iron or otheI
metallic plates were nailed to the
hoofs. Such boots were shod wit
metal for the rich.
The mules Of Nero were shod with
silver; those of his wife Poppea, with
gold. For less stately purpose:
mules were shod with iron. Homel
mentions brazen-footed steeds, prob
ably merely Hetaphorical expires.
sicu implying strength.
Mithridates and Alexander eXpe
rienced great difficulty with theil
cavalry, owing to the: soreness Of the
unprotected feet of the horses in long
marches. The first certain mention
of shoes being nailed to horses boots
is in the works of the Emperor Leo,
ninth century. The practice Of shoe,
ing horses is said to have been intro.
luced into England By William I.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
TERRIBLE VOLCANOES.
What Ono Of Them Can Do When Thor
oughly Active.

oughly Active.
Few people in this country imagln.
6hat terrible work a volcano Of the
regulation size can do when it once
gets fully aroused. In 1883 Catopaxi
threw its fiery rockets more than
5000 feet above the crater, and In
1857, when the blazing mass confined
in the same mountain was struggling
for an outlet. it roared so loud that
the awful noise was heard for a dis
tance of 600 miles.
In 1877 the crater of Tunguragua:
one Of the great peaks Of the Andes
flung out torrents Of mud and lava,
which damned up great river.
opened new lakes besides making a
deposit Of seething mud, ashes ami
lava 800 feet deep over the whole
area of valley which was twenty
miles long and averaged 1000 feet in
width, says the Philadelphia Press.
The stream of lava which flowed
from Vesuyius in 1887 and passed
through the valley of Terle del Gre
co is estimated 10 have contained
333, 900, 900 cubic feet of solid matter
In 1850 Etna poured out a food OF
melted stones and ashes which GOV.
cred eighty-Four square miles of fer.
tile country to depth OF from ten
to forty feet.
On this occasion the sand, scoria
lava, ETC., from the burning noun
tain formed Mt Rosini, a peak two
miles in circumference and over 4, 900
feet high.
In the eruption Of Vesuvius in the
year 10 A D., the time Of the des
truction of Pompeii, the scoria, ashes,
sand and lava vomited forth far ex-
ceeded the entirgbulk Of the volcano
itself, while in 1860 Etna disgorged
over twenty times its own mass.
Vesuvius has sent its ashes intt
Syria, Egypt and Turkey. 1t hurled
stones of 800 pounds weight to Pom
peii, a distance Of six English miles,
during the eruption Of 49, A. D.
Catopaxi once projected block OF
stone containing over 100 cubic yard:
a distance Of nine and one-half miles
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26

The Mouth Of the Pope.

An Italian daily supplies the world
with a pleasant little anecdote upon
the personal vanity Of His Holiness,
Pope Leo XIII.
The nuns inhabiting a convent
near Rome had joined N embroider-
ing beautiful carpet, the center Of
which displayed a likeness Of the
Pope. When the clerical messenger
unrolled the splendid gobelin before
the eyes Of Leo the latter scrutinized
his likeness and pulled face, saying,
querulously, THAT mouth is twice IS
large as mine. would not have so
ugly face said to be mine, even to
be trampled under foot. Take it
awaym The messenger wes speech
less. Then one Of the papal courtieTs
said, "Woman is talkative. 1t is not
surprising that even the mouth Of
Your Holiness under female manipu-
lation should have grown beyond all
measure" The Pope laughed and
ordered the carpet to be accepted
with thanks.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
or Modern C6nstruction.

The construction Of mechanical
singing birds has now reached such
perfection that at first sight the lit
tie automaton is absolutely like the
bird whose plumage it borrows,
whether it represents simple night
ingale or is adorned with the brilliant
feathers Of a bird Of paradise
Neither in the pose nor form could
the art Of the taxidermist do better.
The attitude Of ch species is care
fully studied. Certain of these birds
are inclosed in a simple cage or are
placed upon a branch forming perch:
while others placed upon tree, futter
from one branch to another, without
1t being possible to see the little rod,''
mounted upon a pivot and hidden in
the leaves, that carries it back and
forth. Again, others may be placed
upon sjasInd OF in a basket of flowers;
Humming birds az concealed In a
snuff-box, the cover of wETfeh2s- being
raised, they suddenly appear and rs Gs-
gin to sing. After the air is finished,
they Ie-enter the box and the cover
closes Of itself. The snuf-boxes in
which they are tnclosed are decorated
in all possible ways, with inlaid en-
amel work, japanese designs upon
silver and gold, old silver. repousse
work, inlaid work. and so on. The
first automatic singing birds had a
motion of the bill only, and it was by
means Of a bird organ or music box
that they seemed to sing. The improve.
ments afterward introduced consisted
in the substitution Of a genuine
warbling for the music box, and in
giving these little singers the perfect
appearance Of life. A reproduction
of the true song Of birds has been
successfully obtained, and we are now
able to hear all our ordinary artists,
with the repertory peculiar to each OF
them. The mechanical apparatus i:
wound up like clock-work, and pro,
duces various motions OF the head,
tail and wings which are so naturally
combined with the Warbling that the
mechanical songster, whose plumage
leaves nothing to be desired, seems to
be a living, breathing thing.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
MODERN HYGIENE.
Seemingly Wholesome Foods Now Said Il
Be Dangerous.


Hardly a day passes that we do no>
receive some shock, that we are not
asked to give up SOIL. faVorite dish
around which clusters a host of ten
der memories, and after eating OF
which we have. for twenty years on
end, felt ourselves grow fat and child
like and undyspeptic- But the mod
ern hygiene says it must 90, and Il We
retain it on our list we do it in an
anxious and guilty mood sure Of itself
to beget internal trouble.
Seemingly simple things like dry
toast, oatmeal, and app.es we have
beard fortb1den Of late as hard to
take care of, and bananas, or. tor ex-
ample the delicious, but as we sup
posed deadly, fried bacon cried up as
food for babes and sucklings This
is puzzling; it goes against personal
experience, 1t upsets all our dietary
plans and pleasures and it awakeDs
the shrewd suspicion that mere fash
lon is al the bottom of the change.
One interested in the subject, haT-
ing an az to grind, could without
much difficulty prove that every
known edible has at some time OF
otaer been declared digestible and
healthful; let the experimenter eat
with his (or her) eyes shut, and be
for she} will be backed up in what Is
chosen by some respectable authority.
This being so, the wisest plan is to
select food according to the private
palate utterly without regard to DR..
A., B.. or G. (since DR.. X, Y,
and Q. will infallibly dispute them,
and with the eye Of faith fixed on
f6N good day when all digestion will
he carrisir;sn by artificial means, and
the whole Sof1d .S nay be in that
lovely state attributed to GsSss. GsSsgs
Meredith's gourmet who is pictured
lu after-dinner ease as "languldly
twinkling stomachic contentment'
Hartford Courant.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
DrumIins.

It is only within a few years that
any extended research has been made
into the history Of drumlins. A
drumlin is a mound Of material pro-
jecting upward from the surface nf
the earth to sufficient height to. be
called a hill. This mound Or hill is
made from loose bits OF earth and
rocks torn from ledges at the time
-some thousands of years ago-when
this part Of the earth was covered
with sheet Of Ice at least four
thousand feet in thickness As this
vast sheet moved of to the southwark
it carried with it quantities Of earth
and small fragments Of rock, which
we're deposited in valleys or heaped
into drumlins. The reason for the
depositing Of the matter in valleys is
an easy one to explain, but how it
came to be piled into hills has never
yet been discovered, though from
time to time scientific men have
given the matter careful study.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
HIS CURIOSITY SATISFIED.
ono Store, by the Proprietor's Meannesa
Loses . Cu,tomer.

ono Store, by the Proprietor's Meannesa
Loses . Customer.
He walked into the drug store and
mentioned to the clerk chat ne would
like cup Of boiling hot water, says
Tom Mason In the New York World:
Dyspepsia, eh?" remarked a BY
jtander, who was slipping strawber-
y and cream. That's pretty good,
but I know something better than
that You-"
@But I haven't got dyspepsia" he
replied, as he took sip OF the color
less fluid.
perhaps you have just slight
feeling Of Indigestion" remarked an
other man. "A sort Of goneness, as
it were. Well, I am sorry for you,
IS I know what that is myself. I
lave a remedy that I have used for
Iears, and"
"But l haven't got any indiges-
;iou," he interrupted. It's"
Il bet l know what's the bic, "
.emarked q third man. Neuralgia
# the stomach. Well, hot water ia
1 pretty good thing for that. I know
what Is better, for Tye had it for
years. But il you will allow me to
suggest 7 have little preparation
that's done me more good than"
"Pardon me-" he said gently, mild
look Of expostulation creeping over
his face, "but, gentlemen, you are all
wrong. There Ia nothing the mat
/ ter with me. fmz ven M man: I z41ty 4sy
years old yesterday and never had 6
sick day in my life. And now, gen
;lemen, would you like to know why
ordered hot water?"
1--WE would" they replied in 8
;horus, a general air Of dtsappoint,
nent creeping over their faces.
Then I will tell you," be replied.
T have been buying soda water in
this place for six years. My face is
Is familiar here as PATHS autograph.
Chocolate, vanilla and other favor:
aaye diurnally passed down my throat
"And to-day I came In here and
ordered q simple cup Of hot water,
yentlemen," be continued, as he
picked up l0-cent check from the
counter. II wanted to see II They'd
% so dodgasted mean as to charge
ne for it., . -,------
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26

IL thought him weak. The woman
must have been beautiful once, but
she looked disappointed and peeyist
now"
"Did you hear what he called her?'
'tHe called her darling and dear
9 great deal, but once he spokA t(
her by the nameof Clara"
land she called him?"
"'Loren?"
Every word said must have i'm
planted thorn or sword thrust in
the unhappy heart Of the man who
heard NE, but I did not know it then.
But did imagine a romance that
would account for the strange action
of the boss. 1t was that Clara had
been his sweetheart before Loren had
married her, and that she had jllte.1
him for the other man.
!! From that hour the boss was under
the ban of the illness, which was now
at it's hight. Now, indeed, I had
learned to love him, as l never loved
mortal man before. I would have
throttled the man who would have
limited aught against him. / was his
faithful nurse as far as he would let
me be, for he still held aIoof from in
timacy; but. was glad to know that
nay hand, could soothe the pain that
racked his poor head; that he liked to
have me siJ beside him; that at night,
when he would stay alone, I might
lie in my buffalo robe outside the
adobe, and sometimes speak 70 him
for companionship.
Il was with him when death came,
for come it did. He had seen all the
men one by one, and then he signifled
his wish to be alone with me, so we
two were together hand in hand,
waiting for the supreme moment when
death would part US.
Then he told me his story. It was
strange, romantic, wonderful, but as
/ listened a great tide Of Joy ran
through my heart. Yes. Part of my
theory about the boss had been true.
He had loved most unhapplly-had
'Oeen cruelty lllGeQ lot announcer. but
it was not the woman who visited
the ranch that day whom he had
loved; she had wrecked his life. The
boss lifted my hand to his lips to pre-
pare me for that last great surprise
it was for Loren's sake he was exiled
from the world and from life. When
I closed his eyes that night solemnly
kissed the unresponsiVe lips. Then
I wrapped that wasted form, which
no hand but mine had touched, in
the draperies Of death, and bore it in
my arms to the grave which the men
had dug under the great cottonwood
tree, there to sleep until the resur-
rection morn.
Have you guessed it? Yes; the
boss of Liberty Ranch was a woman.
Free Press.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
Execution for Criminals

An ingenious inventor bad devised
IN extremely dramatic mode Of exc
cution for cris1inals, which possesses
the additional advantage OF being
painless. The machinery consists OF
a platform nine meters square, ap-
pr, ached by five steps. In the centre
Of the platform is chair for the con-
lemned man. Behind it stands a
figure Of Justice, holding pair OF
scales in her left hand. the scales be-
Ing movable. Under the platform is
placed anelectric battery, from which
wire passes through the legs Of the
chair into the seat and back, termin-
ating in platinum plates. If the pa
tient objects to seating himself in
the chair, he is simply tied in. After
the sentence has been read, the exc
cutioner takes stick, breaks it, and
places the pieces in one Of the JUS
ticc's scales. This descends, puts the
battery in motion. a:ld-fnis! Death
is instantaneous and painless The
machine vas tried on animals and
pronounced SUCCESS
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
THE MILE IN VARIETY.
Thero Are -Four Different Efnds In English
Speaking Sountrtes Alone.

There Are -Four Different Kinds In EnEnSn
Speaking Sountrtes Alone.
English speaking countries have
'our different miles - the ordinary
mile Of $3.50 feet and the geograph-
ical or nautical mile Of 8, 6,085, making
a difference Of about one-seventh be-
tween the two; then there is the
Scotch mile Of 5,928 feet and the
Irish mile OF 6,720 feet; four various
miles, every one OF which is still in
use. Then almost every country has
its own standard mile, says the St.
Louis Globe-Democrat. The Romans
had their mil passuum, 1000 PAGES,
which must have been about 5000
feet in length, unless We ascribe to
CEesar's legionaries great stepping ca
},acity. The German mile Of to-day
Is 24,318 feet in length, more than
four and a half times as long as our
mile. The Dutch, the Danes, and
the Prussians enjoy mile that is
49, feet long, three and one-half
times the length Of ours; and the
Swiss get more exercise in walking
one Of their miles than we get In
walking five miles, for their mile is
9,153 yards long, while ours Is only
l,760 yards. The Italian mile Is only
a few feet longer than ours; the Ro-
man mile is shorter, while the Tua-
can and the Turkish miles are $50
yards longer. The Swedish mile is
T.34l yards long, and the Vienna post
mile is 8,796 yards in length. So,
here Is a list of twelve different miles,
and besides this there are other
measures Of distance, not counting
The French kilometer, which is rather
less than tWo-thirds Of mile. The
brazilians have q millia that is one
and one-fourth times as long as our
mile; the Neapolitan migl1o is about
the same length; the japanese ri, or
mile, Is two and oue-half times ours;
the Russian yerst is fve-eighths as
long as our mile, while the Persian
standard is fesakh, four and q half
miles long, which Is said to be equal
to the parasang, so familiar to the
readers Of Xenophon's @Anabas:s "
The league that Is familiar to readers
Of French and Spanish books varies
lust as does the mile. In Brazil 1t is
three and foul-f1fths miles long, in
France it was three miles, In Spain
1t was two and two-thirds miles, and
once on time in England it was
two and a half miles long:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26

MRS. FANaLE-You used to call me
your angel, Henry, but you never say
80 now. Mr.. Fangle-No, my dear;
have foand out the difference. An,
yels, YOU know, don't care anything
about dresses.
NOTHING good can be found Of
earth that will not be found il
Heaven.
The people who disappoint God tn
most are those who try to fight thei
own battles.
: IT is q good plan to keep a littl
money in your pocket that belongs eD
;tirely to God.
The only people whom God can no
help are those who think this worl'
is their home,
THE rebellious dwell in dry land.
There is never any rainfall in th
devils country.
IF you have never been in ad7ersit
you have never found out hho you
real friends are.
The wine cups of the Aesy7ian
we're shaped like our saucers aud wer'
of agate, other semi-precious stones
gold and silver,
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26

O0K 1nCO a 2raterul NarL
GOD speaks in th life Of every
iood man
BIRDS with bright feathers are not
Iways fat.
Your most deadly sin Is the one
rou love the most.
LOVE never has to 20 to school to
earn how to speak.
IF our eyes were better the stars
7ould give US more light
The real cross of Christ iooks
leayy, but it is always light
WEAKNESS Is. a blessing when it
:auses US to trust more in God.
TIE sin that shines has as much
death In it as the one that does not.
The trouble with the man who
lnows nothing Is that 1t takes him so
ong to find it out
THERE are church members wn,
all keeping the ten commandments
yoing to extremes:
THERE are communities in which
Solomon would not have received any
:redit for his wisdom.
ONLY three rich men are referred
70 as such in the New Testament,
and TWO Of them were lost. .
TIE glory OF love Is that it de-
lights in doing for nothing what no
body else will do for money.
If sunst.sse had to be paid fol.
there are pt who would declare
that candle q could beat It,.
EVERY sinner reasons that If there
is happiness in the heart there ought
10 be some sunshine in the face.
SEEsT thou man who is mean to
bis wife? Satan will not be injured
much by what he says in church.
TIE devil Is never made uneasy b>
the man who thinks he will have to
20 somewhere else to be religious.
FIND a sin that the Bible Is no.
opposed to before you undertake to
prove that 1t is not the work Of God.
TIE devil has never been able to
ind out how to make prison strong
enough to hold one Of Gods children.
EVERY time a stone Is thrown
straight at the devil it is sure to hit
some prominent man square in the
face.
TIE devil will stay all day It you
answer him back, hut strike at MIN
with Gods word and he will dee at
once.
WHEN a man discovers that there
is something wrong in his heart he
has begun to find opJ that be needs
Christ. ..=
THERE is not much drawing power
In the Christianity Of people who 20
through life shaking hands with two
fingers
TIE moment man begins to set
himself az God sees him, he stop.
talking about the hypocrites in tho
church.
IT should be the p1ayerful aim o.
every Christian to live in way that
would compel the world to believe In
his Master.
THERE are men who sing, 'Nearer
My God to Thee" in church, who try
to keep the Lord as far away as pos
sibe in their business.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
Adoption in Japan.

The custom Of the adoption is uni
vcrsal in Japan, where it is pracUiced
to keep family name from becoming
extinct. Indeed, there is scarcely a
family IN which it has not at some
time or other been practiced. A per.
son who has no male issue, adopts a
son, and, if he has daughter, often
gives her ito him in marriage. a
yonth, or even a child, who may be
the head of Il family, often ADOPTS on
the point of dying, a son sometimes
older than himself to succeed him.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1893-09-26
Free Coinage"

In its widest sense, the expression
means the right Of person owning
5ullicn to have it coined at mint
without charge to him. The only
metal coined freely is gold, and, in
effect. the expression free coinage"
is used only with reference to the
possible admittance Of silver to the
same privileges. Copper IS not coined
on private account. The coinage Of
gold is the only coinage absolutely
free in the miDts Of the chief coun.
tries Of the world.