The Cook County herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Minn.) 1893-1909, 1893-08-26

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| ed by the same process, and when
bronzcd make attractive ornaments,
| which cannot readily be broken.
Paper From Wood Pulp.
Probably but few persons realize
what an enormous industry the manu-
facture Of paper from wood has be-
come in the past five years. The pro-
cess that turns out the wood pulp is
as interesting as it is important
The wood generally used for pulp is
pine of some sort, although birch is
very good when it can be found i'm suf-
ficient quantities: The logs used are
generally from eight to twelve inches
| in diameter with few branches. They
are carefully curt infW lengths of about
6 or feet, and the bark and knots en-
tirely removed. The logs thus prepared
are cut up into shredS and chips about
3 inches long by a big revolving knife:
This masticated log then goes to- the
boilers to be digested There are num-
Der Of varieties Of Boilers; but those
used in the Mitscherich process can
be taken as typical of ALL They are
from 80 to 40 feet long,. r.: to il feet
in diameter and will. hold at least ten
tons of wooden chips; and shreds. The
inside is lined with: hard, glazed earth
| enware brick, laid against a continuous
backing of sheet lead. The ject of this
lining is to prevent the steel Of the
boiler from corrosion! The. gastric
juices used to digest the wood in this:
great stomach are steam and bisulphite
Of lime. The boiler is, filled with wood,
all the openings are tightly closed,
steam and weak soution Of the BIZ
sallphite admitted. The steam. forces:
the bisulphite into the pores Of the
wood, and this bisulphite, at the high
temperature of the steam, dissolves
the resinous matter holding the tibers
of wood together. After this digesting.
has gone on for about eight or ten
hours, the liquids are drawn. Off from
the boiler and a strong solutions Of BIZ
sulphite takes their place. After this,
solution has filled the boiler. steam: is
again turned on and: an. operation,
technically known as boiling begins,
which lasts from eighteen to twenty
hours. The tempera tune is, gradually
raised to 212 deg. and the pressure to
10 or so pounds by means of. steam.
The boiling dissolves the remaining
resinous and incrusting matter At its
close the I've is drawn off and the wood
pulp washed out by water into tanks.
1t is then stamped into a coarse, white
pulp by means of stamps, not unlike
those used in quartz mills, and is then:
| ready for mixing and forming into an
endless web about the thickness. Of
| medium pasteboard. The great secret
In turning out high-class; pulp is, said
to be constant watching Of every stage
| OF the process by skilled men, who re-
| move all impurities, such as particles
| Of bark or knots, as it flows, through
| the machines.
Electricity Applied to: Farm. wosa.
An interesting example OF electricity
| as applied to farm work is now in. oper-
alton at a Scotch farm. Th3, whole
of the usual farm machinery. such IS
threshing, saving, corn LhreshinS aud
. the like, are here driven by an electric
| motor. The electricity is gsnerated BY
| water power, the turbine wheel which
| drives the dynamo being about LOCO
yards from the farm. The electlic' cur
rent is conveyed by underground wires
| to the house and farm. in each Of wninh
| storage battery is, placed Th,s.> sup
ply the electric current for Mgmtlng
and notice purposes when the lnachin-
cry is not working. The whole of lie
mansion is Illuminated b. electric light
| and an electric motor is LOW provided
for pumping the waite: for domestic
purposes. At the farm there is larger
electric motor of sixteen HORSEPOWER,
which is arranged to drive the farm
machinery. This it does quite easily,
as it works smoothly and quietly 1t
| requires no. governor, as the speed does
not vary whatever the load may be-
Another allure of interest is the ease
and quickness Of starting; there is no
waiting to get up steam, as the motor
is at once started by moving over the
switch handle. There are many places
where water power now running to
waste could be utilized in similar man.
ner.
| Erecting Plate Orders for Bridges.
! In erecting plate girder bridges on
the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, a
rather neat plan is adopted. The grid
ers are unloaded as near tie Size OF the
| l,idro 90 poccihIo ono On nitl,n,. side