davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
, DISHONEST 0EMAsoeIcAL ADDRESS.

The address of Commander-in-C Chief
" oissert of the G.. A. II. at the Indian
apolls National Encampment Is a
thoroughly dishonest and demagogical
document, intended for Republican
campaign use, and unworthy of any
soldier Of character or patriotic i'm
pulses.
He refers to the fact that large
number of claims of soldiers for PEN
sions, worthy claims, have been pigeon
holed in Washington for years, and
then goes on to charge, by implication,
that the southern Democrats, are in
measure responsible for this.
Now Commander WeiSsert and every
well informed soldier knows that these
worthy pensions claims were pigeon
holed by the Republican administra-
tion of Benz. Harrison, and put aside
In order to put the whole clerical force
of the pension Office at work on the
pension claims of those who applied
for pensions under the provisions of
the pauper pension act, No less an
authority than the National Tribune,
Of Washington, ID. o., Republican
paper that supported Harrison and
violently opposed Cleveland's election,
recently printed an editorial showing
up the enoTmity of this proceeding,
and fixing the responsibility
on the Republican administration The
National Tribune also said, In the same
editorial, that the present Pension Com
missioner, Judge Lochren, (amuch bet
ter soldier than Weissert), was now do
ing hts utmost to take up these meri-
torious cases, pigeon holed by a Repub-
lican Pension Commissioner; and the
National Tribune commended Judge
Lochren for his patriotic action. Such
speeches as the effort of Commander
Weissert do the Grand Army great
harm among patriotic citizens OF all
classes.
The great body of the American peo.
pie believe in liberal pensions to wor-
thy soldiers, aud the narrow minded,
bigoted phrtiSsns like Weissert, who
take occasion TO use the Grand Army
on every great occasion, to stir up par
tisan mElce and sectional prejudice, do
this great soldier fraternity a deal
of harm,
The real facts are, the leading Re-
publican papers, West as we'll as East,
have raised the biggest howl about
fraudulent soldiers pensions Take
Ohio for illustration. No Democratic
paper In this s,ste has had one half as
much criticism or denunciatory COM
ment on this matter as the Times-Star,
one of the oldest and most widely cir
culated Republican journals in the
West.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
Not the Right Word

"No," said Bertha sadly, "'pain'
doesn't express what 1 suffer at these
ttmes-it is simply 'anguishp know
l ought to consult physician, but
dread it sol l can't bring myself to do
1t. Then, too, female diseases always
seemed 30 indelicate to me, can't
bear to have any one know or speak of
mine."
Eyes, DEAR" answered Edith, "but
don't you know you can be cured with.
out going to q physician? Send to any
druggist for bottle of DR.. Pierce's
Favorite Prescription, and take it, and
warrant you'll feel better In a very
few days."
The manufacturers warrant the
medicine, too. They guarantee 10 to
do exactly what It claims, viz: TO cure
leucorThee, painful irregularities, ex-
cessive flowing, prolapsus, inflamma-
tion or liberation Of the uterus, and the
innumerable other female weakness.
es," IT 80 strengthens and builds up
the uterine system, and nerves, that
worn-out, run down wives and mothers
feel rejuyenated after taking 1t, and
they are saved the painful embarrass-
ment and expense OF q surgical exam
ination and a tedious, tires0me treat.
ment.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

Should this ct.ich the ays of any who
need reliable advice regarding nervous
prostration or debility, slseplessness, fits,
epilepsy, 81, ViIus dsnca, pslpitation or
hut'erinH of tDe heart, nervous troubles
attending change OF life, sick or nervous
headaches or any form of uerve diSeAse,
you can obtain advice and consultation,
free OF charge. Ivy writing the J. W. Brant
York, makers of "Dr. Wheeler's Nerve
Vitalizer." Explain case fully that Doctor
may advise undsrstaudtnEIy. This great
remedy for nerve disease, trial HampleA or
81 bottles of p. II. Barr, Canton. (2)
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

THE fascinating theory evolved In
1891 and 1892, that the Worlds Fair
would bring foreigners oyer by tens of
thousands with their gold, and that
business would boom is now dead
and dreary delusion. The Worlds Fair
has plenty of foreign exhibits (all for
sale) but outside OF the show people on
Midway Plasiance, there are no for
eigners. 1t Is an American show, and
the greatest show on earth, but 1t helps
no city but Chicago. 1t hurts every
other city. 1t has taken thousands of
dollars out Of Canton, never to return.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
Guaranteed cure.

We authorize our advertised druggist 70
sell Dr. Kings New Discovery for con-
sumpsion, coughs and colds, upon this con.
ditson. Ii You are afflicted with a cough,
and will use this remedy as directed, Civ
Ing II fair trial, and experience no ben-
eht, you may return the bottle and have
the inoaey refunded. We could not make
this offer did we not know that DR.. Kings
New Diacovesy could be relied on. It
never dissppoints. Trial bottles free al
Size 60c and 81.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
TIE silver compromise propositions

THE silver compromise propositions
now being discussed by Democratic
Senators, are as follows: Coupled with
the bill repeating the purchasing clause
of the Sherman act, there shall be a law
directing the secretary of the treasury
to buy monthly a considerably reduced
amount of silver bullion, and to actu-
ally coin this bullion into money. The
secretary of the treasury is also to be
given ample power to protect all gold
and currency and money of the United
States, and to make 1t interchangeable.
In addition to this, national banks of
the United States are to be permitted
to issue national bank notes to an ag-
gregate equal to the face value of
United States bonds on deposit. Con-
cessions TO state banks are also discuss
ed.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

Allow me to add my tribute to the
efficacy of Ely's Cream Balm. was
suffering from severe attack of infiu--
enza and catarrh and was induced to
try your remedy. The result was mar.
velous. l could hardly articulate, and
In less than twenty-four hours the Ca
tarrhal symptoms and my hoarseness
disappeared and was able to sing q
heavy role in Grand Opera with voice
unimpaired. strongly recommend 1t
to all singers. WIN H Hamilton, Lead
Ing Basso Of the o. ID. Hess Grand
Opera Co.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
Col. watterson WIN Address Them.

LOUISVILLE, Sept. 12.-Messrs. Louis
T. Labeaume and Burt w. Lyons of
st. Louis, prominent members of the
Travellers Protective association, ar.
rived in Louisville bearing an official
invitation from the association and
from the governor of Missouri, and
mayor of st. Louis and others to tho
Hon. Henry Watterson, inviting him to
deliver the address at the annual re-
union of the travelling men of the
United States, to be held in st. Louis at
the exposition on Sept. 80. They urged
his acceptance in such forcible manner
that Louisville's great orator-editor
gracefully yieled
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

strong, healthy bodies. SO many children
suffer from impurities and poisons In the
grow up 20 be men and women. Many
parents cannot find words strong enough
70 express their gratitude TO Hoods Sar-
saparilln for its good effect upon their
children, Scrofula, salt rheum and other
diseases of the blood are effectuslly nod
permanently cured By this excellent medi-
cine, and the whole being 10 given strength
70 res,st attacks of diaease.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

THE Toledo News, an independent
journal, edited by an old time Repub.
lican, INDUCES In the following pun
gent editorial paragraph:
"In spite of Mckinley and his unpa-
triotic monopoly press and calamity
bowling ward heelers, the bankers
panic is going to the dogs and business
Is resuming normal conditions. If the
business public, and especially work
ingmen, who have been put on short
rations, and farmers who have been
robbed, could only know that 1t all re-
suited from Wall street conspiracy,
Mckinley would be defeated by 250,00O
majority"
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

THERE is vein of inconsistency upon
the question of finance running through
the record of Governor Mckinley that
will tend to weaken his availability as
leader In the existing juncture.
Just at present he Is an earnest advo-
cate of the prompt and unconditional
repeal of the Sherman silver law, al
though he not only voted for 1t when
he was member of Congress, but ad
yocated its passage as the one thing
needful to give confidence In financial
circles and resulting prosperity to the
country.-EaSt Liverpool Crisis.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

REPUBLICAN newspapers are quite
unanimous, declaring that the Sherman
silver law brought upon the country
one OF the most serious money panics
1t has ever known, and again are as
unanimous in declaring that Sherman
Is the ablest hnancier In the country.
1t seems to take very able tinancier
to wreck the hopes and prosperity of
65,0O0,000 of Americans by tricks In
legislation,
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
Kmma Goldman Pleads Not GuIlty

New YORK, Sept. 12.-Emma Gold
man, the female anarchist, was ar
raigned in part l of general sessions TO
plead to the indictment found against
her by the grand jury last week for un-
lawful assemblage and melting to riot.
The prisoner pleaded not guilty and
said she would defend herself, declining
counsel assigned to defend her by the
court. She was remanded indefinitely,
bail being fixed at $4,000.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
Strictly Pure
White Lead

The market Is flooded with spurious
white leads. The following analyses,
made by eminent chemists, of two oi
these misleading brands show the
exact proportion Of genuine white lead
they contain:
Misleading Brand
STANDARD Lead Co. Strictly Puss White
Lead. St. Louis"
Materials Proportions Analysed by
Barytes 59.30 per cent. Regis Chauvenet
Oxide OF Zinc A.19 per cent. d Bro,
White Lead 6.46 per cent. st. Loula
Less than 7 per cent. white lead.
Misleading Brand
"Paciae Warranted Pure [Al White Lead"
Materials Proportions Analysed by
sulphate Of Lead AIS per cent. Ledoux q Co.,
Oxide OF Zinc 45.0i per cent New York.
Barytes b0.05 per cent.
No white lead in it.
You can avoid bogus lead BY purs
chasing any Of the following brands.
They are manufactured by the "Old
Dutch ptocess, and are the standards:
Armstrong & MeKelyy"
"Beymer-P -Pauman" "Fahnestock"
Davis Chambers"
For sale by lthe most reliable deaIers in
paints everywhere.
ssSs book Io1 soa.snlnS @ laiSr%Ss: sfis SSs
only cost you postal card TO do so.
NATIONAL LEAD CO.,
Broadway, New York.
Pittsburgh Branch,
National Lead and on Co. OF Pennsylvania,
PITTSBURGH. Pa.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
susk,en,s Arr,sa sssua

The best nLlvs In tEs world Tor cu.S,
bruises, sores, ulcsfn, sait iFiistnn, Eepef
sorsp, letter. ehhpped hsEids. chilhlntnV,
corns and oil skin asnptions. and poal-
lively cures piles. or no pay required. II
lion, or money refunded. % Priss Sns Is cent?
per box. For sale By DuIbip; Wright 4
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

THE bank statement published Sat
urday shows that the New York asso-
ciated banks now hold In the aggregate
about $3, 100000 above the local require
ments. This will be hailed as most
welcome news all over the United
States,
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
DO YOU Know 2.

That more ills result from an
Unhealthy Liver than any
other cause-Indigestion, Consti-
patton, Headache, Biliousness,
and Malaria usually attend it.
Or. Sanford's Liver Invigorator
Is a vegetable specific for Liver
Disorders and their accompany
ino evils. It cures thousands
why not be one Of them1 Take
Dr.'Sanford's Liver Invigorator.
Your Druggist will supply yoas
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
started on Eun TIme,

SoUTHNaToN, Conn, Sept. 12.-All
the factories Of the Peck, Stowe and
Wilcox company at Plantsville, East
Berlin and this place, have started up
on full time
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
Wooden Mills Close Down.

ROCKVILLE, Conn, Sept. 12.-All the
big woolen mills in this city, nine in
number, have closed for the entire
week, something that never occurred
before. Only two mills in this city are
running this week.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

THE Commercial, of Toledo seems to
think that many young people now
elope because fashionable weddings are
too costly and elopements advertise the
affair more generously, at much less
cost.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
Our Public SCHOOLS

Are the mAinstAy of our republic. In them
are being cultivated the minds which are
90 be our future lawmakers and leaders
that these minds should be united 70
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

THE news from Washington indicates
no vote in the Senate this week on the
repeal Of the Sherman silver law.
Prominent senators are booked for
speeches every day.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

The only salvation for Mckinley is
to keep up his calamity howl and if
possible keep back the coming revival
of business. 1t looks now as If he
would fail.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

The people quickly recognize merit,
and this Is the reason the sales of Hoods
Sarsaparilla are continually increasing.
Try it.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

A diamond discovery is reported In
the White Mountains. Probably some
Summer tourist left poker deck under
a shade tree.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
LIVURA OINTMENT
The Great S1xi1, 6Nv1ra.

Cures Eczema, Salt Rheum, Pimples Ulcers,
Itch, and all affections of the skin. Heals Cuts,
Bruises, Burns, Scalds, etc. Sold by all Drug
gists, or by mail. Price SO Cents.
THE LIvURA MIRO. Co., NASHVILLE, TENN.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

=, VITA CoRBETr. bad conditions she com.
plalned Of pain in the limbs and We were very
much alarmed about her. We tried everything
we could think Of but nothing had tho desired
eject until we found PITCHERS LIvURA- She
had not been taking IIvURA more than ono week
when her eyes looked natural again, her appetite
improved, and before tho second bottle had been
used, the rash and blOtches disappeared tho itch-
ing left, and she Is now PERFECTLY WE'LL and
has gained flesh. An due TO,
PITCHERS LIVURAs
Very Sincerity, Mrs. JOHN CoRBErr.
H5 Madison st., Huntsville, Ala. 90
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

Bogus sisi; s;:i;; e: u IL; $sss !; e. e e
afford Smakers a larger profit than
Strictly Pure White Lead.
The wise man is never persuaded to
buy paint that 10 said to be "just as
good" or better than
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14

A certain and lasting cure, for the worst
sI1i Gstarh y y The Head Head sasa1Rssod R6.y By the
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1893-09-14
WHAT OTHERS SAY.
BLOOD POISON
BODY COMPLETELY COVERED
WITH A RASH AND RED
BL0TCHES.
EVERYTHING ELSE FAILED BUT
lIvuRA CURED.

LIVU1A MFG. Co.
GENTLEMES'-"My
little girl had Blood Pos
son, her system was an
run down, her body was
completely covered with
q rash and horrid red
blOtches, owing TO the
intense itching she could
not sleep. Her digestive
! organs were In a very
tt -. An - -
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1893-03-24
THE CAUSES Of REVOLUTION.
The Country will Revolutionize the Politics Of any
Country where Such Gross
Outrage is Enacted.
Injustice Reaches a Point where the People
Can Bear it No Longer
Defeated!
The Fate of the Markham Bill in Minnesota a
Lesson to the Weakened, 'Soft-spoken
PopuliSt



Populist
boundess realm OF by
every effort defend the humble
toer usurpaon We surprised soporifc
policy peoples party this invites defeat Most OF the pop
the party great volcanic uphava
pundd poor thoroughly "sweazed Of energy, activity
vitality How? BY the kmmlk policy OF destroying
radical booming harmonng opate That bill
mont-here
everv crossroads from Red Lake to the Iowa ine
Even the was presented by popuist.
poor through the terrible without
hs-and through
On this land they support great
wealth. mighty wherein their porcelain
pendor Industrious s The lash winds around the
tory ml the factory and the mill the labo
politics. the leader annually sells his
plated
taught soothing
talk and harmony fight
combine with the democrats With hccup
grub million Minnesota
ss homny, railroad Emperors this
OF million ac million
Thousand times
the satel
only toll to enrich the the
putocras protect
care for gode
secure the
An empire solitary has
railway
Al the same time the gded headlights robbe civilization nav
not one their They pay
honest operative they
pay quote republican Tawne
in Minnesota legisature):
the rses eo%@o1 5ns 1892 5 ts e % oss %
% little all In s ss p 5s e
paid for all OF $l2 ooo on valuation Of
property companies paid less
than per total collected from the people
that the , value
actual Admit
and than OF all the This clearly
Of they adjusted they pay
earnings thereby forced the adoption
equitable system Of taxing their property.
The Markham lengthy
full investigation
railroad lands
glad report nearly h
populs straight Even Dedon La
public Mayo
plutes Mott. And
gymnast The following the For
against the bill:
hyss' Az, asnms1 Gsdssssn, MsSss Msge.
Brown HOmpe,
Burkhart Keller Nelson,
Crandan Ieavtt, Peterson, J. W.
Craven, lenau, Phillips
Davis Little, Sanboln
Rsson, essoi Meaiisn aais smith, smith. j. John In D.
Erickson, March, Stockton-3O
For the bill:
Allen, Dedon Lommen
Barr Donneny, Probstfed
Borchert, Geisse, Sevatson
Canestorp, 5raie, Stevens.
Gansibery 6ssagi Kisstsr, sfs Vssaty Woodnyao.
Day. La Due,
S'fsss S's;ss, fs's''0o' : : s''s'''e''''-4
II so many the bill
Continued .. last
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1893-03-24
THE REf0RMER wHOM Y0v cANN01 7RU8T

follows enemy ON
his practices Destroy also the fellow
corruption whewash
victory Thne for all hazard
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1893-03-24
THE COAL COMBINE

The Great West on the Knights Of the Order of
Of Black Ba1ons!
Published One Year Ago on this Issue!
WE'LL LAST the people waking up to the
deep, nfamy Coal combine
published
riot boodshed and revolution regarding cruel
it seemed impossible to get believe the charges
We charged in print and hundreds public that
dealer the at least the cities dared price
could yardman than miserable little discount
of violation the bonds seized
coall
pungent against this combine we
republish. It was as follows:
Something About the Gigantic Black Knights of the Sacred
Order of Coal Bdrons.
placed might
supply black blood upon which the
The e1
d I'm m S
producer areside on the
It turns the wheels the speeds the locomotives
powe ageno energies
an a1 G sn
who make the world their jumping jack laugh
Ard And i 1 i hard ard to o.. eelezsi it: ..u.
globe the hsatnaRe Of
hundred will believe the figures
tie m will ss ss .a into % hnsa nS
comprehend teness enormously
within cracked walls for tax world and
amid the splendors OF their palaces
Well will tell Coal hard anthracite COAL laid
the docks OF Erie ready the tee north
the Of $e 90 ton Nonot that s. 90 toni No
much?
Why for $22 per
be on great docks at So 55 ton!
would would it, Well would
docks Duluth and Chicago 50 IS plus the the
When gave
evidence to railways the howl from Dan
day the world knows so today the world will oH these
but tomorrow black thieves who
How coal dumped the docks at Erie Buffalo, n T.
Simply because the
tOn-ready to be carried along these
Iron CIVILIZATION
dollar the akeboard allowing &c. obb
profts-al that is claimed.
Average cost 81 Of coal in in the esl.is y 1922 9s2
England - ... l15
turOpe - .l1
Average costin Chrstendom - $o9e
average
and the freezing pickannnies with bare toing the highway
lars
In lectures average simply
the
who still lean their ous up the pluto
sor hstry
the beauties the tariff COAL Labor
What rattle that heard bombaIng walls the solar system?
oh billions Of dead Who turned their
bOnes
enough to cause aurora borealis in the
Look at this The highest price paid for mining coal the United
States 50 feet below the $12 35
week on full average per pays
for his own blacksmithing oil and powder? |
The per
averaging supplies
leaving him say dollar week less.
But there mines that pay 4oc where the make butt
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1893-03-24

The GREAT u Humanity and
the world methods either
the Of the selfish philosophy the be removed
without its weaknesses and then the revolution not
at handl
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1893-03-24

)NAL CONFLICT! !!
IT, ey
-
ad
asi sa0S Ps
NJ, e -FOUR Do DOLLARS rs AM AND EIGHTY CENTS PER TON.
Look hs sparkling gems satisfaction set
ass
and an extra
yards % at %se the old rdG
ling over on to youand you don't you'll
That article was published year ago-one OF
The legislature
OF Minnesota has taken hold this devib quy way
get fingers OF the house.
republican and democratic defense Of the
much that the and legislature appealed
to defend the scoue and back
tee and suppress the damnng testimony.
CHASTITY at
last honest republicans squay
committees which Mr. Donney is chairman But the rascals still
hover the combine dstaon
woe and suffering great northwest!
managed Mr. J. Rhodes The
committee the books Rhodes point
that kept books and merely
ments.
Then the law probed
pealed to, and defenders OF the nquity found
By the time could get
thai the evidence Combine
violation Of the let the 20 back
Now almost romantic Of this investigation
retail against octopus and Mr.
through the ma large number OF letters written
such Dealers with the addresses giving ample
testimony the trust On this pub
ish an editorial from a Minneapolis daily:
The contained Rhodes unarthed
the 5 M the Tribune
% to on the people o Minnesota during the six months
books and Of the
ss9s
the hands OF the for their following
a5 a S To ST ssss @ sss % act prohibit pools
m sr boof oe % John Rhodes Of S. Paul. gives tho most
evidence organized
published s3s
below s aa sad S s % ss .s %ss
P @ Dn + s to Ss dealer
ns One Mimi ape firm called to % time f9s selling s.
notified that the tot seta and
Dec the are no
fed that meeting will be held Dec 81 the
the exposed the letters
coal Th price n4ned
the city they and divide
dealers letters make the defense
the the for 5 se te 2
that the combination egs
As the stands book
and proposes to Keep it. Walsh was summoned before Judge Ean
local The legislature
to the body Wells went to the that
5 H @ s whGs v It.:
jurisdiction did the entire and said
missing
In the sanborn Ramsey county, pre-
sened resolution referring
by q vote OF 81 to 3. That desperate three
DOnney his
the
that the who defended combine might dangling from
lamppost That this little Of St.
Paul. - m -@ = -"
what he said the House direct viola
the constitution the
- $500 "o0An
mass meeting called at Market Hall for Thursday evening
The Alliance Aid benefit 81 life and Az
terms which
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1893-03-24

This Republic was 1cnnded
1p0n principles which involved
the Dignity of Labor. TO des-
troy the power of Labor il IT,
construct Caste. A Caste cannot
c0-exist with q Republic.