davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1893-05-28

costing "a cents made IN; picking, packing
ana hauling 10 the railroad abnut 10 cents
more making 80 cents |. u. b. cars. I lie CORE
spondeni ftli lher states that carload OF good
peaches usually nets The grower about $1,000
He further reports sales OF 4S0 cases Dy Snow
y Go. Of Boston in August, when Delaware and
California peaches were in the market at
S172l 10 gross. Allowing usual commissions
IL will be seen that $1,000 per car net to The
grower was an inside estimate.
We ought mol 10 be obliged TO make ailidayits
about our profits when the New York apple
grower and The Georgia peach-Grower claim an
You VIII observe that The transportation cost
from Georgia 10 N-w York Is greater than ours
from here TO New York.
No one can doubt the superiority OF the Cali
fofnia fruit orchard for certainty OF crop. ouan-
iiy ana quality OF fruit. Why, then. should
any one doubt the prontableneSs OF the indus
Try?
Mortimer Whitehead, special agent in charge
OF Division of Agriculture of the Eleventh
Census, which includes horticulture. at Il meet
1891. stated that the peach acreage in the
United States was found to be SOY 1856; the
vaiu- of The product, S71, 100. 400; and that
over $40, 600. 900 were Invested In peach grow
Ing III the census year OF 1889.
Here is evidence that the American people
expend about 81 20 per capita per annum for
peaches alone. 1t IL also evidence showing
that The peach orchards d whole yield about
$3.50 Ier acre. Large as Is uie peach inuus.
try Ii Is less than one-tenth of the whole fr1Iit
Industries. Mr.. Whitehead stated that the in
vesiment IN horticultural rur.uits Will be shown
TO De more than $1,000, 600 ,0O0
Surely, the humble frtiit-gruwer nav now
Claim tie right TO stand beside the noble army
OF agrieultui al tnlIcfs whose mission has been
tu supply The world with articles of TODD neces-
sary 10 human existence, and whose calling has
hetn the theme OF itoets. The care of statesmen
Inc aolicltude OF governments and always will
The morning call., 1893-05-28

be. as it always has been regarded as the basis
of human progress and human happiness.
The truth is that tile problem With US is
one nf transportation and distribution And
this involves the problem of bringing the pro-
ducer and consumer lie rer to each other We
are content with | u cents = pound Tor almost
any of green fruit. IL Will afford a good profit
al l cent. ADD l 12 cents for csrrIag., and 2
cents TO the middlemen anG for packing, and
We have California fruits In the hands of con-
Sumers at cents per pound. and this means
three-ounce peach for Il cent or dozen aprIcots
lor a nickel. or three large Baitletts for 10
cents, or Il uIce dish of fruit for family for a
quarter. We all know that people VIII ett fruit
Ill quantities at reasonable prices. Tie whole
solution OF the question rests with Us In im-
proving and cheapening transportation costs,
aud not giving the lions share 10 the mddle-
men,
A new and important factor has been intro
duced IN the demonstration that our green truit
can be laid down III good condition in Lon
don and Paris and Hamburg in 10 days. Our
dried and canned fIuits are So being we'll re-
ceyed abroad ana This Will add immensely 10
onr markets. l think need not pursue this
point further. Many are deferred tom engag-
ing in fruit culture because of The time con-
sulned In building an orchatd, because OF un-
familiarity with Inc occupation ana because OF
the cost.
Now, let us look at these objections
moment. Given tile land (Which can b. bought
at from S25 to $500 an acre. and If you are con-
tent TO start In newly developing regions the
cheaper land viii be found Just as good As the
dear-l say, gwen the land, you can have
paying peach OF almond or apricot orchard by
emitting one summer-fallow crop of wheat-in
other words, In four years; In five, paying
ptune orchard and In six paying pe ar or
chard. You VIII get fruit sooner and consider
able of II. From this time each year adds 20
the value.
As TO your ubfamiliarIty with The business
you have only TO study The methods OF success
fnl growers around you and apply The ordinary
rules OF soil tiliage and your good eommon-
sense, and nothing more. There is no mystery
In The art OF fruit growing.
AS 10 the cost, you must consider your in
ye>tment ana It's character and value. You
SOW wheat, and put 81 or S8 into the ground,
and III two years take away S12 or SO AT
most, and must then epeat the process, Every
planllng Is new investment aud new yeu-
lure.
The morning call., 1893-05-28

a seed.sower and harrows behind them, fol-
lowed in harvest season WITH combined
harvester that reaps and 'hleshes ana lays The
grain iu sacks readv for mar' ct. may he gratify-
ing TO The owner of large areas, bui it is no at
tracttan TO small fainets; indeed. il is The
draihblOw 10 whea-growng on small farms.
We can afford TO speak the Truth anant what
In California. IL IL no longer profitable except
under the most favoring conditions, ana gen.
eially farm crop must give way 10 some
thing else.
/ need not cucumber this paper with addi-
tional proofs TO show that wheat-growipg Is not
whaI + once was here, aud thai it Is no longer
an attraction to the hontseeker of the East
who Is looking toward California. We cannot
sell our lands for wi" at-growing at their true
value to Western wleai-growers, who would
have TO exchange Two or three acres for one.
and leave more favorable conditions than exist
here for their pursuit.. We who believe IN fruit
talked to deaf ears when the farmer was getting
2 cents y pound Tor his wheat and WAS growing
20 bushels more to the acre. Now, how
yer. we ask lin 10 look al his ledger and see
II lie cannnt du better. He bought his land for
So 10 $50 per acre. Our ftuit Industry has
given IL high value and we want him 10 Yield
up bis rich acres 10 The demand for higher and
better uses.
President Andrews of Brown University saws
IN lie North Angrcan Review for November:
"Ony about oue-sIXih Of The cutivable land OF
the globe Is yet occupied"
Let our wheat grower remember that wheat
is tile product of all lands and climes. Where
ever man can live wheat will grow. Not so of
Tie orang-. the lemon, The liz, the prune, the
ollVe tht rais;n gfape, the almond, me apricot.
or even fhr pear OF the ieacil--all distinctiveiy
California fruits. France obtains % per cent
more wheat 10 the acre than we do. and Eng
li>h farmers obtain more Than twice much
ls we 10. France reports 10. .000, 900 hectic.
Hires, or over SOC, 600, coo bushels, grown this
year, which j. about three tths much as
the entire crop If The United States.
What is it that gives value 10 California land Z?
Ii is nor richness OF soil alone. for Kansas and
lhe great Northwest have Ihe fattest lana in
tile would. II Is not in the profitabeneSs OF our
nar Il for in fan NtrIll
That they are mol making money. What then is
il? II is the adattabiliiy OF climate and soil TO
The production of the most profitable fruits OF
the earth.
Eat California ia not TO be buit un by her
climate alone, for mankind cannot exist IN
climate. J lie State is not Ia be bull up by the
richness Of soil alone. for men Will NOT 60
thousands OF miles and pay mote for land than
tqually fertile will cost near home.
The morning call., 1893-05-28

varieties of table and wine grape and i score
or moEe OF various fruits that need not he
named. The climate. soil and atmospheric
conditions that permit this must indeed lie
unusual.
Consider The siugle advantage or country
where The farmers labor every day in The wear
Is productive; that he can work In his shirt
sleeves with comfort without cessation and
the soil 10 fruitinn. His apricots ana cherries
come along in May and June, and until his
olives are picked or put into oil In December
be is working with some of his fruits in some
form.
On the 9th day OF April last the telegraph
reported snow three feet deep and still fail
ing i'll Minnesota, wniie here many of our fruits
were already formed and were quite large and
the whole face OF nature WAS agl0w with
warmth and sunshine and flowers and The
brightness OF summer verdure.
Let me show yan The difference between an
orchard and field OF wheat:
Given forty acres OF good wheat land and
forty acres side by side OF orchard land both
are river bottom. alluvial aud rich and cannot
be sHmmeIfallowed because weeds grow TOO
rank aud must be ulowed and soNrd each year.
This i supposed to be the most favora bic land
10 tie wheat grower here. He plows ana sows
IN December or January. He caunnt do any
wor, after his, bIf must be Idle til July. He
harvests and sells his grain aud again Il period
of ideness till December for himself and his
appliance. He make. more than the average
farmer II he clears so an acre equal to 5000.
The oichardl,t plants in December we will
say apiicals. peaches and rrune>. The first
and second year. and possibly The third, he gets
nathng, although we often get enough the
third year To iiay part Of the expense. Tue
fourth year he will make 500 pi oft yer acre,
Let us now stale the account.
Wheat-growrr has made in fnur years.. $500
trult grower has made Ia four yehr'. 1000
hone 10 increase his profits and his land Is be-
coming poorer,
The morning call., 1893-05-28

very effective ans Is 10 take localities where
fruit-growng has become leading industry
ana compare them with those localities where
the change TO Fl it-growIng has not become
marked.
need not refer to all the counties where The
evidence exists; few VIII serve the purpose
The proof rests upon The concurrence OF two
facts, namely, increase In assessed valuation
and increase in the population.
l will take five counties In which fruit
growing is distinctive feature.
$3.50. ESQ 1sso hsR as issS S'l ASS 1885 Sa
gees 1881 l.454 s1e .ses. .e4s 500, AIS. .o25
sls6 na5a,ao 5.sss 25.as7 s.s7e,s7s 2s,41o.44o
Fresno. OATS 32O26 e,354.5a6 s6,llO,57s
Cara. 5000 4s.ovs 27,eOs.24o 53,lss,57e
In population Los Angeles gained 2o3 ner
cent, San Berpardino 227 per cent, San Diego
800 per cent, Fresno 237 per cent and Santa
ClaraN37 per cent aud the increase In valuation
ran along pari passu.
Now. lei Il. consider four wheat counties:
COUNTY lsss FsR Isao Rsa; AS $50 9al ASS sss Val
S0Iqsaisl1s 1890 $3.50 $50 $50 $50 soe
Tehana.. s.s0l s.9l6 4,lse,99S s,I2l.975
quin. 2is4s 2s.62s 17,s77l2s s2,osol17
Colusa gained In population II per cenr.
Butte lost, Tebama gained G per cent and San
Joaquin gained II per cent
IL Is The proud boast on Colusa that she Is the
largest wheaf,prodncng county in the world.
She has gained 1922 people in ten years But
what pfohteth i the great State of California
that she has broad acres OF wheat and no per-
ceptihle growth of population to show TO the
world?
Compare San Joaquin and Fresno. The for
mer Is a great wbeat-growing county and has
not yet developed fruit dsiinctively. Fresno
raises large amount of wheat also. but ma
developed fruit largely. OF the TWO counties
San Joaquin Is the more favuraby situated a
TO transportation facilities and IN all respects
haul lf..r, ~
with much the same conditions OF soil and eli.
mate.
Fresno has increased ESQ per cent in porula.
tion and san Joaquin only IL per cent Nan
Joaquin has added less than 1000 population
in ten years. while Fresno has added over
% 900.
II you will study the drift OF population In
the valley regions of the State you Will find
II has gone TO the truil growing counties al
The morning call., 1893-05-28

Hidik OF prosperity among fruit
growers, compared with the condi-
tons present among many of the wheat ranch g.
that all atmosphere of comfort and even luxury
surrounds The orchard regions, while the wheat
grower Is content with tie same roof that shel.
tered MN twenty years ago. and his hired men
continue TO r0ost in the haymows or migrate
alter the harvest ana disappear with the
meadowlarks TO redprear from God knows
where the following season.
slothful, or lazy, Or unambitious man has
no business with an orchard. lie must be OBJ.
servant. Industrious, Int. llsenl, a eadlng man.
aud lie must nave 10 some extent the mercantile
faculty. The wt,ea.-grOwer cannot make his
marx ct; II Is made Tor him. The fruit grower
can make his market by superior cultivation
and care OF his orchard and handling his
product. His calling develops his higher facul.
Ties and makes hiin superior citizen.
Again. the products OF the orchard Will hear
all iali transportation 10 the c@nt-fs of con-
sumption, while wheat can 90 only by water
Our iruit may be shipped green or dried and
still yield nrohl, ana II Is a question In which
form II Is he more profitable. We thus II We
the markets OF the world, while our wheat has
but one point of consigDment, aud that 15 600
miles away. Our green and dried TUT NAV
now be Placed in Liverpool In fifteen days
while our wheat takes four months; ana The
farmer must bear all The cost OF this delay in
reaching the consumer. And this item alone
means half years in erest on all his cIop
Again, there Is more certainty in the fruit crop
than IN The wheat cron, While prices ale at least
equally stable. Again. family can be we'll
supported OH ten acres Of fruit. and upon less
Invested capital than IN wheat culture. a fam
The morning call., 1893-05-28
TO FIGURE IT.
Did you ever try 10 figure ont what
The Santa Clara Valley would sell for,
If 1t could be picked up and SET down

III the Santa Clara Valley would sell for,
II 1t could be pick ed up and SET down
WI h all lis advantages of climate and
soil. as We know Them, within. say 100 mites of
The city OF Chicago? The Happy Valley OF
Rass sselas, the Vale of Cashmere, The home of
the Peri. ana all The other poetic conce, tiOus
nt al the centuries, have never piciur' any
thing more charming or more valuable than
that would be. Every acre would be worth IA
small fortune. And yer ] can conduct You 10 Il
hundred places in Northern California equally
attractive, where the owners are bliBdy mis-
using lie soil aud squeezing out the last re-
naming elements Of fertility 10 grow Il crnp
that barely pays cost of prodncti6n. To my
mind 1t is not less senseless than would be The
miner who would clean up his >iuce- boxes and
save the pebbles and let the gold go down the
gulch.
If you agree with me that the beautiful Santa
Cara alley set down III Illinois would have
incalculable valut, ell me why 1t has not ap-
proXinIately that same value here, only four
days ride from Chicago?
If A. T. Hatch's Suisun orchard, or General
BidwelPs Butte County orchard or J. s. cones
Iehama County orchard. or In fact. any OF our
weil-planted orchards, could be set down In
Iowa, with all their delightful surroundings
and all their eXuberance and wealth Of tIuiIs
would anybody hesitate To pay $1,000 an acre
Tor Them? Can you give me a satisfactory rea-
son why They may not be nearly as valuable
heie-Dot Tor wheat-grOwing. but for prunes
and peaches and almonds aud pears; in short,
Tor California fruits =?
am endeavoring uot to depart from my pur-
pose, which is to exat fruit growing to ITS we'll
Will be sern that it Is only to give you fresh
view point. What the fruit grower has unset
hshly lab0red for 10 all these years has been.
ana Is. 10 build up great ana powerful com
mon"ealth, by planting Industrious families on
many or these uDpopulated, monotonous,
dreary ana unprofitable wheat fields and waste
place>. anu convince their nwnsrs that when
the Creator selected California as the only place
on his 1oOtstool Where every fruit of every zone
might be grown, he Intended that We should
supply The wants OF the teeming millions who
were 10 dwell on Tile American continent, apd
be did not mean that these nlatchieSS gifts
were 10 be nrOs,iluted 10 ignobe and proiitless
uses.
Indeed. 1t may be conceded that wheat may
be grown heIe at piofr, bur the fact remains
that fruit Is more profitable than wheat can
possibly be under any conceivable conditions.
But what evidences have we tnat these
S2O00O,OO0 received from frnit IN 1890 pro-
dnced more iroBt 10 the Iruit-grOwer than the
wheat-grower got for bis wheat, and what evl-
dence that fruit-growing Is doing what we
claim for the State?
There are many ways to prove this. One
The morning call., 1893-05-28

fully bestowed upon France. Italy and Snain.
The lines nf equal temperature That sixteen
years Of daily official observatI' n Of The Signal
Service Bur au, and later the Weathe: Bure II
Of The United States. have traced upon the map.
are iHcoutestable records "f our wonderful
climate. The line marking 80 deg. above ro.
minimum temperature of the year, starts on the
Pacific Coast near Cape MpndociuO. and runs
through The valleys. near Los Angeles, down
10 san Diego, and disappears IN Mexico and
emerCes on The Atlantic Coast, at Cedar Keys,
Eta. 500 miles farther south than where 1t
started.
Tie zero line starts en the Atlantic Coast,
near New Haven, Conn, runs through ST.
Louis. SAINT. Fe. Prescott, Arz., aud then
iurns Mouth and enters BRUSH Columbia, cas-:
of SPOKANE, in Washington.
The lines OF deg, 10 deg, 15 deg, and
even 20 deg. above zero, starting at various
points on The Atlaulic, from about Sandy Hook
down 10 HatIeras, run across the continent
and into British Columbia. without reaching
any OF our low altitude valleys from Shasta To
San Diego. The minimum line Of 25 deg
abnve 10 passes east of Red Blum. little
east OF NIsalia and Riverside, runs into Mex
leo and appears again at Wilmington. n. G.
While we are pruning. planting and working
In our orchards and putting in our wiBter-sOw |
grain III January. the thermometer marks "A
deg. below zero In Chicago, 81 deg below at
81. Paul and SO deg. below at kismafck
Dakuta. While we are shipping our late green
fIut3 in November. the Thermometer |. play
ing with zero at the points named In the West
These are stris ing differences, aud they are
Wndi give the high value 10 California homes
and California agriculture.
Tho region 10 which | have referred, lying
west of the Sierras, embraces 10000, 900 acres,
where may be gIOwn every product known TO
the map of all Europe. Tie range OF products
that lies between the date palm and the hardy
anpie is prod Igi0us. Ii exists nowhere IN any
one country on Gods foOtstool except In Cali
foinia; within that range lies great wealth
than il has yet entered into our minds to con-
ceive.
do rot hesitate to declare that the fruit Is
to be the leading agricultural crop of CaliIor.
MIA II has already r ached the point where
the value of its exports texceed that of wheat
This supremacy is the logical result OF favor
able climatic conditions existing here in de.
gree not elsewhere to be found In the United
States. Tell me where on the tace of the globe
outside of California you can find growing side
by side In commercial quantities The apple
apicni, almond, cherry, French and English
walnut fg, hectarine, olive. orange. peach,
urUna pipm nnIupe aisip and all fnr,.fur
The morning call., 1893-05-28

features, looked up, and his eyes met hers
Surely he would recognize her ow, she
th6ught; but, Instead, he simply called the at
tention of his comrades 10 her. For moment
they looked at her. talking together as II ex-
plalning why her face had been thus dishgured,
until in her shame she made slight indication
with her head toward Harry as If she wished
him o come to her. Al this his comrades all
laughed in which he joined them, until the
woman before them covered hor lace again
with h4r hair ana passed out of the camp. AS
she dsappea ed surprised that She should
have motto him. Harry said:
"By George, she has pretty eyes! wonder
who she ISL
"Quien sabe?" said comrade. "Wheu a
woman has her nose cut OFF her own mother
wouldn't know her."
The morning call., 1893-05-28
YOUR ACRE.
You plant an acre OF trees and they

.S25 by your own labor. At the end
OF the second year YOU Will have paid out SO
more per acre, the lhid S12 so and the fourth
S15-'a four years S67 90, II You have had
some bad luck you may add enough TO make
SO per acre, or possibly $50.
The fifth year CT aprlcOtS peaches or al
monds you should have a gross income of $3.50
per acre, at least half of which should be profit
The same acre In wheat would have given
a profit OF SIS, Which is far more than the
average, and you would probably get one vol
unteer crop, maKlng $50 in all. Bui at the end
of iDe fourth year you have nothing but the
land less productive.
In the case of the orchard, you have built a
permanent plant t6at needs only care and till
age, with an increasing lncOm and greatly
dspropDrtiOnate to the income from wheat.
Viewing The matter from the standpoint of
interest on the investment, and there Is in
cleaSing advantage in the orchard.
| think fruitgrowers viii corr0borate my
statement that l have underestlm ted the Of
chard and oysrstated the wheaitield.
In this discussion have not gone into long
line of products to which California Is esuec-
ally adapted other than fruits. There is no
place in The world where with the aid of irriga-
ti0n greater diversity OF agricultural crOps
can be grown. latensive farming here may be
brought to the highest degree OF development.
We are already Shipping East large quantities
of vegetables. Last year the Southern Pacific
Company sent out $3.50 carloads. In the finer
vegetables. such asparagus, celery and the
like. the field is especially inviting. In forage
plants our soil Is wonderfully productive. We
get from three to five crops Of alfalfa aud il is
easily and cheaply grown. Every condition
exists favorable 10 poultry-raisiug, but we i'm
port large quantities of chick ems. turkeys and
eggs. A profitable industry exists In these.
What we want IS intelligence aud economy
applied 10 tile art of farming. ana with these
the success of the farmer is certain.
One word OF disclaimer. | would not counsel
the cessation OF wheat growing. Some of our
wheat lands. the heavy and adobe soils. are
better adapted 10 that plant han TO fruit. What
claim IS that much of our wheat land should
be subdiyided aud subjected tn higher and more
profitable uses; that our soil ana climate are
adapted 10 the CROWN and production OF many
valuable crops that cannot be elsewhere grown
III the United States, and that we can find Il
much more femune1atve market than our
wheat can ever find; that profitable fruit grow
ing means small hOlaings and increased portI-
iatIon aud a better home market for wheat;
that one acre III fruit will Yield more proit Than
fifteen acres In wheat; that fruit growing is Il
higher order OF agriculture, develops a more
thoughtful and intelligent man. and conduces to
better citizenship by reason Of this higher III
telligence; that 1t Will tend 10 hold our children
away from the cities by making rural life more
attractive. In short, 1t Will add TO the happi-
ness OF the peonle, and wealth and power and
prestige TO the State.
The morning call., 1893-05-28
T~EACHES PAY.
/ AT the risk of pushing the argument

AT the risk of pushing the argument
III beyond reasonable limits 1or the
question of our ability TO sell our f. nit
Is certainly an important one), must
give you anotber illustration. l have care
fully inquired TO learn the consumption OF fruit
by family of five here in California, and |
hnd that 1t consumes, throughout the year. in
all forms. an average Of one lound prr day, or
seven y-tive pounds per CAPITA for the year
California now consumes % per cent OF all
that we grow. and our Stale only contains
about one-fittieth OF The population of the
Union. We consume yer capita-and we pay
good prices for it-seventy-ive pounds of our
fiur, while we are selling without the State
only 512 pounds per capita of all kinds. am
utterly unable 20 urn the light upon This ques-
tlon from any iiection without seeing prac-
tIcally unlimited market
lie California Fruit Grower recently pub
lShed an extract from Il letter written to The
Southern Cultvator relating 10 the Georgia
peach. The claim Is made that the Georgia
peach-erowers realize profit of $3.50 10 $500
per acre. and some valuable facts are given to
justify The claim.
They PACK in cases of six one gallon baske's
Weighing about forty pounds in each case, 500
cases TO Il carload. The freight 10 New York is
80 cents per case, or Sl75 rer car; refrigera-
ton. cents, making 53 cents per case In all
or $500 per car. The eases ale set down as