The sun., 1893-10-29
VOTES vs SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.


The name Of "pallograph" has been giver
to o newly invented German apparatui
| founded on the principal OF so hanging q
weight that In consequence OF its inertia. Il
takes no part In q given direction. in the
tremblinRs and oscillations OF the point to
which IL is suspended. In q series Of expert.
ments with this device. made on board q twin
screw vessel Of the German navy. it appears
that the vertical vibrations always attain cd
their mallest. and vice versa: this phenome-
non was peculiar TO twin-screw vessels only.
namber nun 'tIa oi the ~ revoIstons @ ' Of the @ two two
moving parts, The horizontal direction was
masses OF the heaviest moving parts of the
engines-the connecting rods and cranks,,
neutraliZcd each other because they were oi
equal size and acted IN opposite directions.
The older. passenger steamers had much
smaller dimensions, and the engines. as Is
well known. ran at much smaller speeds than
those OF to-day. The smaller the length OF
the ship, the greater the number per unit Of
mon nsions. the period Of the vibrations becanie G
steadily longer. whilo the necessarily greater
engine power. which was requisite, comrelled
the increase OF tho number OF revolutions.
recent Improvement con sists OF the drivin.
OF tho taker-in and dofrer OF cardinR engines
for carding cotton. or other flbrous ma erial
by one continuous baud. This is accom-
plished by placing on the cylinder band pull
Icy. which gives motion to band or rope. this
band then passing around a pulley on the
taker-in shaft and from thence around the
pulley that drives the dofrer: returning from
this pulley 1t aga In passes around the pulley
% on TIP takerin shatt hat which mas h tive grooves
ropes, separate. and returns again to tho
cylinder. By putting adouhle Rrooved pulley
taker.in pulley. additional power may be OBJ.
talned to drive the various parts; but even
with the single groove upon the cylinder pnl.
on the taker-in. thus obtaining q m ore effectua
result than is practicable with a crossed belt
between the cylinder and taker.in
Among large class OF craftsmen the wish
has long been entertained for the discovery Of
a hard. COMPACT. and even grained wood. hav
ing all the characteristics OF lockwood. and for
which it would form an efficient substitute.
For many years past. the gradual diminution
in the supplies Of lockwood. and the deteriora-
ton in its quality. have proved serious facts
in more than one occupation. including en-
gravers hardwood dealers. &C.. especially the
former. on account Of the higher price asked
for the material. and the difficulty OF secur:
ing 1t OF the needed size and irmness Of
sxesIisnes - q + the ensrss!ne; ] '"S whle h's ~
the enzrayer's art. il is also applied to nu-
merous other purposes such. for instance, as
weaving shuttles. mathematical instrume ents.
turnery uses. carving, ca bihet work, &c. The
fact is Interesting. as we'll as important. that
boxwood is the nearest approach to ivory OF
any wood known. and will therefore. probably
increase gradually in value as 1t becomes
scarcer. Small wood. under four inches is
used considerably by fax spinners for rollers
and by turner's for various purposes, rollers Tor
equal value withthe larger wood. ' "
An ingenious contrivance for stopping an
engine In machine shop is being introduced.
The whole m mechanism occupies not more than
q cubic foot OF space. and consists OF an cleo
ro-magnet. q system OF small levers. and q
cylindrical chamber at right angles to the
steam supply pipe. this chamber containing
two connected valves. one thick and the other
thin. When the steam is shut off. the thicker
valve lies across the main supply pipe. but.
when the steam is on the two valves lie in the
when in this position the valves lt loosely
enough into the cylinder to allow a strong
Ts sres o The on OF
BY two small electro magnet spools. through
which a current is sent by pressing the button
magnets small bar Of steel which is fastened
at one end 81 an angular lever: at the
horizontaiiy. and on its under side is a small
notch. into which. whom the machine Is ready
for % acton. Ats the end % Of vertical lever; ito to
perpendicular, and 80 arranged that when 1t
falls tho two levers separate: The action OF
the magnet raises the end OF the horizontal
arm Of the angular lever and loosens the
valve swings 1t down In a semicircle, thus hit
ting cam and tripping a valve This eX-
hausts the steam outside OF the smaller valve
in the cylinder. and tho steam beyond tho other
the se the enrns
within fifteen or twenty seconds
recent contribution OF note to the discus
ali ~ 10 hut Dr
Clarence King. in which he claims to have ad-
vanced Lord Kelvin's method OF determining
the earth's age to a further point Of impor-
tance. He discusses the experimental inves-
LEGATIONS Of DR.. Barus on the effect Of heat and
pressure on certain rocks. and particularly
selects the case OF diabase. which has q spe-
age specific gravity OF the earth's crust. In
the light OF all the new facts. he then recon-
tne a.e e b GUoaG M
arrived at by Kelvin. Az the result Of his re-
searches and investigations. all OF which, It is
needless to say. were conducted on the widest
plane and in the most thorough manner. Dr.
King concludes that the earth's, age preba-
OF years Notwithstanding the contrary opin-
ion held by certain geologists.
An italian inventor proposes a novel method
for duplicating copies OF writing The mech
ansm for this purpose is provided with two
manner that their points are always in the
same horizontal plane: n pen at the right is
intended for the operator or writer. and the
least stroke made by this pen is at the same
time duplicated by q pen at the left. The
framework is 30 iointed and hinged
that the pens can be moved in any
direction. and q counterbalance takes tho
weight OF the frame from the hand, SO that tho
act OF writing is made almost as easy as with
the usual pen and holder. Two ink wells are
provided at tho base OF the stand. and the dip
ping Of a pen In one well causes the pen to dip
In the opposite well: and whom the two sheets
of paper to be written on are placed para lel to
each other and secured the remainder OF tho
work is as o. mple as ordinary writing. The
4 is designed in especial for fur
nishing duplicates OF contracts and Of those
legal and other documents which it iS often
deeirab BILE to have duplicated not only In words
but also in the paper and handwriting.
Some recent results in French chemical OK
periments have attracted considerable atten-
ton from the fact that. by new methods. q
temperature has been obtained far lower than