The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-12-03
NOTES on SCIENCE AM IyDvsrar.

According to stnteme nts made in the South
ern Journals. tho extensive Introduction Of the
| Talbot open hearth basic steel process in that
| section seems quite probable. This process
| eliminates most Of the silicon by pouring the
melted iron through basic Stag. which IS low
in silicon and high In lime and oxide OF iron.
The silicon which has been reduced in the
smelling furnace along with the iron. APP
parently takes up oxygen from the oxide Of
iron In the Stag. staying in the Stag and the
latter also takes up some OF the phosphorus
aud little Of the sulphur. while Mt the sam o
time the deoxidized iron OF the Stag is
added to the charge. 50 that there Is gain OF
IRON instead OF p loss as by nrst 6loTTIhn ys
desiliconi7ed metal Is then ready for treat
ment in an ordinary basic open- hearth fur
mace in tho ordinary manner. aud the savings
thus effected over the old basic open:h hearth
process are said to be some fouriold. further.
can be used. and. as there Is no necessity for
the use OF scrap when doslliconi2ed metal Is
Ss sp S Furnace hot large pere cent Of the
time required to melt u cold chorge Is saved
II the basic Stag does not contain enough iron.
OF brown hematlte ore The resulting steel Is
reported to be OF excellent quality.
One OF the most effective methods for pre-
venting white effiorescence on brick walls.
when caused by lime. Ia, saws Thouindustrie-
ZeitiHg. that OF dipping the bricks before burn
ing into dilute acid For this purpose the
strength Of the acid il to be determined by the
amount OF lime present in the clay. the, greater
the am cunt OF clay the more dilute the acid:
Thus. Tor ordinary clay solution composed %
forty quarts OF water to one OF hydrochorio
acid IL found special Hiagtsd "a ts pHrpGss
and then the solution is 10 he renewed HAY
ing been thus dipped ana th9Toughly dried i9
again lust before burning. The additional
cost OF this treatment Is very slight
A serious objection TO the system OF silent
machinery running. as proposed recently by
an Austrian manufacturer. consists, M mem
toned. In the considerable additional expense
which the pIan involves. The article. which
IA claimed 10 realize the desideratum in ques-
ton. consists OF cog wheels made OF pressed
rAwhIde. which are intended to work in
and other metals. The wheels made Of this
material are found t. possess not only great
strength, hut as they require no luDricating.
are very clean In operation, and. II is claimed.
substantially reduce the vibration OF the ma
ehinery IN which they are ,S used, They are sur,
the dishs Use 90 ISlsPisd. Thsss hIio SossS IS
wooden framework, and, after cutting. the
wheel is covered with shelIae solution
The photographs properties Of cerium salts
are beginning TO be appreciated and practi-
cally applied that Is. 1t is found that light. I'M
der certain circumstances. rapidly reduces tho
persalts Of cerium to the Serious condition. and
the reaction may form the basis Of interesting
photographs processes. 1t is thought Celia
tinted or highly sized paHsr is sensitized by a
solution OF cerlc sulphate Of nitrate. which
cOlOTs tho paper strongly yellow, ana. the pa
per heing then exposed under transparent
positive, the exposed parts become bleaehed
By reduction to the Serious condition. On now
being treated witt organic matters which the
ceTic compounds can oKidiZs into cOloring
com pounds, a positive image Is developed on
the Iaper. Thus. an acid solution OF phenol
gives a gray print. Hniline salts give green;
alpha nRpthylamina blue RmidO-h enzoie ACID
brown. CeTlum papers ars more sensitive than
iron or manganese papers
An examination Of the phenomenal sands
which emit sounds Of = sohorous character
and are famlllarly known as singing sands"
has given rise 70 yArloes theories a.
ever Of equality or Of the inequality Ia
the size o. the grains, beinE nov re-
jsctsd. IL the eastern part Of Massa chusstts /
u = locality where this kind Of sand e fSund.
which does not pFessnt the supposed esl-
IalAr structure associated With such a sound.
noF does shsEvssesnes Of air between moist