Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891-1902, 1893-06-17
THE FARM AND HONE.
rzE PRoPER LOCATION or
TILE DRAINS


t-aG AAr LAS. esA- est-AAg -n1--@~-n
I s2szftute-
! II ae4liag Wifh drainage Eork il
/ 65Sersnt lorsiit5es no OTTER meet
Gases whieh zasa ~ tgeasea ia =
, SPECIAL EaT. 81 order 10 q she work
I Which = 2e-tre-2 ard expected
/ These speeizl cases eAnnot BE- n51ae
/ the erit~Elon Tor z1y oshers. a1c9Et
I fhase EhirA are gL4eily SIMILAR
since SPECIAL oe1.3ftiEns are APT -
osezr or every f2rEz or tract ca Which
drainage i aftezzI, Piled. the GifieaAfg
q making plazs Tor sae<rssfal Gr2iE-
age WithoEt giTing he lad = PER
s.Ozal eXHEinztioE- q apparent 70 arr
0le who VII thinE q Il NJ eXpe-
rienee il this rsss1sact has teeE sach
that I VERY relBctaailF gire aayio-
UpoE the E-ere ~1ateEneEa % 8 Ezse
yet il may b. - Some practical Ese
% describe some 81 these c4ses- and
the plan 81 treating lhrll Which
has EsrgreG saesessluL
Arti6elsl drainage l. o1ly = method
q helping On natHral drainage j.
the general plan - p7ouedare il Is
assumed that the sgbsoll gn1er. ring
the entire Tract or held j. neArlr ani-
form ID lie drainage properties. - ia
the facilities with which soil hater
VIII Esereolate CT strain through X
towards existing natural depression
An exeeptipa - this state o. fhiEss
is 0stea found "a hillsides and SLOPES
where Tie land apI-aars % q dry al
both the foot and CREST of the slope.
but i j. very vet - sosue Esoins Dr.
tEess. notwithstanding the fact that
the surface slopes Sufficiently - pro
GBee good results
This l. owing q y sub-sar face
g1dge u inIserviOls clay which eX-
tends along the siofe. q 70 q change
in the texture q the sul~soll, which
prevents the soil water from fsrcol-
sting eOWu the slope a. = uniform
distance from ihe surface, bat =
forced up - the surface and pros gees
..sp0ngy Land. zs Il Il sOnnetirne-
called, or cap II draining such
land. We may take advantage - this
clay ridge under the surface ana 10
cate drain along the slope Tie
clay ridge prevents the water from
passing farther doEn the slope aud Is
drawn 0d By the drain a. uater s
drawn out Of a reservoir. II vii -
seen that this drain l. merely q con-
daetOr q water whieh has L-sen
brought into q natural basin Is tie
percolation nf natural drainage
water IL j. like 8 pond. except that
instead II collecting water from
all directions II collects from one side
only
Sometimes a single drain will drain
the entire sloF-- IN other cases & IS
necessary 70 lay laterals from this
drain up the slope az far Is the land
seems saturated.
The first would b. the ea-e where
the soil is porous, and drained readily;
the second. when the soil Is ciose ard
tenacious. There are some siou-h-
Or natural waterways which haze a
sGb-sOu % stiff clay Or gunlbO xlieh
prevents soil water from passing from
the side slopes 10 the center ditch
which carries all surface water that
may come 20 T. The result s.. that
while the slough it-elf + firm land
and comparatively we'll drained. she
foot d each slope Is completely sat-
urated and worthless for cultivation.
The plan that have found 70 b. e.
ficieat in such cases f. 20 run mains
on each side of the center and when
necessary use iaterals. Unless the
center ditch s too small - carry the
water from the upstream area, this
plan will when sell carried out. give
both slough ard side slopes good
drainage
Again, there are some LOCALITIES
where the Wettest land Is on the TOP
Of q hill. while the surface which
slopes from it In all direction. :
dry. Looking At the surface merely
this j. hard - explain. but rs cx-
aiming the sub-sOil. one Of two con
ditiOns will b. found 70 exist. FIRST.
the crest Of the bin viii b. found 10
have q sub-ridZe % imperyions elias.
thus forming basin or uond on top
Of the hill. or second. there NAV - 4
series Of pockets existing each t.or-
defed b. a similar clay band Ia
either case whatever water falls upon
this area is held there until the soil
Is saturated and no means provided
for its removal except by eyapora-
tion. have found such places.
which were excessively set, even In
mid summer.
They are very aggrassfing 10 the
farmer, to say nothing 81 the Loss en-
tailed in operating the farm. 10
drain sach land successfully, each
pocket must be tapped by passing
tile drain through t. To do this. q
good plan IS to extend drain from
the most available waiercouFse 10
the slope and across the lowest part
Of the hill fat. and from this a.
main run laterais 30 as 70 penetrate
every subsOil pocket
The location Of lateral drains %
that they are parallel to one another
Is not necessary feature Of Thorough
drainage. nor Is It necessary that
they should be- 81 uniform distance
apart IN draining surface basin