St. Paul daily globe., 1893-08-27
HANGING IN EFFIGY.
NOTABLE MEN UPON WHOM LNOfcNa
TON HAS BEEN VENTED.
somE AMERICAN INSTANCES.

Vague Origin OF an Ancient and
Dramatic Custom = Methods
Common to All Lands-Effigy
Burning as Practiced by the
Orientals, Ancient Romans and
Modern Races.
President Cleveland, who has been
cepunished in effigy during the pas
week-once in Colorado and once in
Texas-is only one more case of the
many, men in public life whose counter
felt presentments have been condemned
by fanatics to suffer the doom that
could not be wreaked upon living
man. The notion of punishment by
effigy is as old as the human race, and
the English word 'effigiated," that has
now fallen into disuse, is the verb that
indicated the form of punishment that
found its expression in this way. says
the New York Herald.
But the Anglo-SaXon race, with its
hard, practical ideas, has almost dis
carded the representative mode of pun
ishment, and it is only occasionally that
outbreaks. of popular violence are ex-
pressed in this way. Rarely has man
of strong ideas yentured to enforce
the principles in which he believed
without some corresponding condemna-
ton evidenced by the same crude
method as has been employed again
with Mr.. Cleveland, and during the late
civil war the effigy OF Abraham Lincoln
was burned, drawn and Quartered in the
presence of audiences both numerous
and delighted, and at his death his as
SasSin, John Wilkes Booth. came in for
his share of the same effigial treatment,
At the time when President Garfield
was murdered Guiteau was hanged in
effigy, and no punishment that the in
genuity of man could infiict upon him
was overlooked in the treatment of the
| dummy that represented the cOwardly
| criminal. In England Napoleon Bona
| parte for a number of years stood not
| only as the hobgOblin for frightening
| children into obedience, but it was the
| standing diversion to burn him in effigy
! whenever the rural population found its
| life so lame that it required some eX-
element blended with the patriotic idea
of ridding Europe of its terror.
| Philip Ii. of Spain during the reign
of Elizabeth was favorite subject for
the puppet burners, and Oliver CrOm-
we'll was burned so often in effigy that
had his opponents succeeded i'll their
| desire the hereafter would have had
no terrorS for one so thoroughly pre-
pared for it. The Duke of Culloden,
known as 1.-The Butcher" was burned
| i'll many towns after the battle of Cul-
loden. and another subject OF universal
hatred was the Marquis of Argyle.
Ehigies in Japan.
An effigy is, of course, merely a SYM
Dol and may be used as either an object
of alteration Or of hatred, and the mar
row lines that divide these two Senti-
ments are clearly shown IN the action
OF the Japanese girl who. as we are told
in the "Tales of Old Japan," behaved
| thuSwise 10 a faithless lover: The
maiden rises at 2 O'Clock in the morn
ing, dresses herself i'll white and carries
a'littie straw figure-the effigy of the
faithless one-to the sacred grove
around some ShInto shrine.
! TNEhe trees are surpassed to be under
lire special protection OF the god to
whom the shrine is dedicated, and any
| INJURY done to them arOuses him to
vengeance. So, taking the effjgy in her
left lfand. and hammer in the right,
she sacrilegiOusly nails the figure to one
or the holy trees, praying the god to
Stay the tIaltorouS youth, and vOWing
| thatii he grant her power she will pull
out the nails which offend the god by
w6nnding his conSecrated tree. Night
| after=night she strikes in two or more
I Halls, believing that every nail will
! shorten her unfaithtul lovers life, be-
| cause the god will be snre at the last. in
order TO save the tree, to strike tie young
| man dead.
Among the Romans.
| his custom, which IS current IN
| Japan, found its counterpart among
| the ancient Romans. where the idea
was not to punish the lover. but to win
| him. a waXen image was made, which
was supposed TO represent the object of
| the gIrIs affections, and another figure
was made of earth, and when made
both were set before the fire, and the
! girl crooned this incantation:
| As fire his image nardens, made of clay,
And this of wax with fire consumes away,
| Such let the soul OF cruel Daphnis be,
! Hard to the rest of women, soft to me.
The Custom in France.
In France execution by effigy ac-
| quired legal right, and up to the time
of the revolution wdS 4 solemn, judi
| clally performed act. Both Diderot and
d'Alembert mention the fact and at
tempt to defend it philOSophically.
In the time of Louis vi. Thomas de
Marine, who was condemned for high