The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1893-06-18
FARM, FIELD, GARDEN.
The Apple Scab and Its Elimi-
nation BY Spraying.
POPULAR WHITE lEonoRms.
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aippsss-ne~ - Kni rkso-
ovaSnlng LADDER.

01DDOBD-oOW
ovssnaag LADDER.
n 4 March In Northwest Hcesieultufisk
What - this apple scab that Is making
such destructive work in our orchards? II
not only attacks the apple, bat the rear.
plum and cherries are more or lees affected
With il. The Bon d'Jerssy. Vicar. Glout
Moroccan, Madeline and other. are to .
great extent affected with this apple fungi
Trees that have given from ten 70 dozen
boxes Of good sound pears Eve years ago
nov scarcely yield . box OF second rate
peara.
Prof. =. Dstmee, botsnist at Ohio agrs.
cultural experiment station. says:
Its . parasitic fungi from which no
variety Of apple escapes. The parasite
nourishes bsst in the cool, moist weather
Of spring and early fall. Early In spring
pale green spots definite in outline appear
on the young leaves; these spots increase
in sire and have m olive green velvesy ap-
pearance. Later in the season the spots
become brownish and often cover the
greater portion Of the surface Of the leaf.
at Il on the fruit. however, that IL il the
most conspicuous and does the most dam
age. Apples no larger than pea are some
times completely covered and soon die and
drop to the ground.
"Whsn they escape attack until some
what larger they usually mature, but are
small. misshaped and knotty.
This brown russell appearance Of the
spots which has given the name Of 'scab'
70 the disease 10 due 70 cork cells which
are produced by the apple when the cpl
dermis ruptures, - . protection against
the wounds made BY the fungus. Ere
quently the ruptures extend deep into the
fruit, resulting in an unsightly crack. The
disease il communicated to the leaves and
apples by spores living through the winter
on the fruit buds and twigs OF the trees"
Now We have this scab and have IL bad
here in Western Washington. have cx-
amined the fruit Of over thirty orchards
in Whatcom and Skagit counties. and
there Is not one except those that have
fected to serious extent. 80 much 20 that
there Is not now one-fourth Of . crop Of
merchandise apples and pears grown.
Last spring concluded that something
had TO be done to tounteracs the effect Of
this scale or We might ~ we'll cut down
our orchards and use the land for other
purposes.
culturalist at Ohio agricultural experiment
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. with the Bordeaux
mixture for the disease 4 concluded To try
il on my orchard. I sent to F. Shute 4
Co.. Of Kent, Wash, for one of his En-
pire spraying pumps 1.-THE outfit cost SOY.
Tho strong point in this pump Is that it
s,irs liquid automatically and keep: the
barrel. used the diluted Bordeaux mix.
tuye made n follows:
Dissolve four pounds copper sulphate
(bluestone) in two gallons hot water; pour
this into . barrel and add cold water
enough 20 cool IL. Now slack four pounds
Of stone lime in Eve gallons of water, stir
we'll while stacking. add cold water enough
TO make thin whitewash, strain through
gunnysack or cotton sieve: add the
lime TO the copper sulphate. stir we'll while
adding. Now add water enough to make
fifty gallons in all, stir well before putting
into the pump barrel and We are ready for
business.
I use thrs. men in spraying; place the
barrel that holds the pump on . wheel
barrow: the man that does the pumping
runs the barrow. There 10 double hose
and sprayer to each pump. ono man uses
the ladder for the top Of the tree, the
other sprays the lower limbs.
l begin apraying the first time just a.
the leaves ere coming out before the
blossoms open.
The next spraying was done after the
blossoms had fallen and before the young
fruit had turned down.
The third spraying We made very thor
ough. taking great pains to cover all parts
until the leaves dripped quite lively. The
fruit was about the size of hickory nuts
and some had begun to show small signs
of the fungus. l gave only three spray
ings last year. ! will give four this year,
the last ono when the apples are about
half grown.
Now for results. My trees were loaded
with fruit. some OF them 50 much so that
We had TO resort to thinning in order for
trees To carry the fruit; and such fruit
the finest that has grown in my orchard
for years, while my neighbors on either
side Of me had hardly one-.ourth Of q crop.
the fruit having fallen when about the size
OF hazel nuts, and the remaining fruit
badly scabbed with the fungus.
TO show the direct effect Of the mixture
when thoroughly applied on the pear for
shot-ho!e blight. scab and crack. l will
mention an experiment that tried on q
Louise Bon d'Jersey dwarf pear worked
on q ounce stalk. The tree was about
eight feet high and fourteen years from
the graft. IL had formerly given about q
box Of delicious quince-iavored fruit. bus
for the last four years 10 has not borne a
pear that the indiana would carry away
would drop by midsummer and the growth
Of new wood had stopped entirely.
sprayed this tree six times and the resuks
were astonishing. The tree set full and
the fruit Was - fine as any ever
grown in its best days. some At ma.
iurity weighing over half pound.
The foliage remaining on until frost and
ii III ade fair growth of new wood. To
prove that il was the Bordeaux mixture
tina: made this great change in tho little
dwarf, called the attention Of Mr.. Ton.
neson. editor of the Horticultural. (who
made me visit In June) to the fact that
standing in the next row of trees was a
Madeline pear that Also failed by being
struck by tho scab fungus, which had q
spreading branch hanging partly into the
dwarf and OF course had received a share
o: the spray. Now every pear on the limb
was smooth and perfect while not q pear
on any other part Of the tree was lit TO eat.
don't claim that the fungus can be
suedued in one or two seasons, but tina, i:
IS practicable to so reduce the injury that
the crop Of merchantable apples shall be
more than double; and that the value of
the increase will pay more than ten times
over the cost Of Esing the mixture. The
cost Of the three spray!ngs was abou, 10
cents per tree.
As measured by the market value Of the
crop the taree sprayings had added fully
l1D per cent. 10 the value of my apple crop