Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-12-02
Children's Dept. Souvenirs.
The Palais Royal.

over $50 to 800 per cent, and these spe-
ctic duties were universally laid upon the
cheapest grades of cOmmoditieS-thoSe con-
sumed by the poor-while the lowest rates
were levied on the highest and more valu-
able-thoSe consumed by the rich. These
prohibitory duties upon the necessities of
the poor have been by this bill abolished,
or rather reduced TO an ad valorem that
will either compel the domestic manufac-
turer to sell his commodity for It's real
value or permit the consumer to purchase
from foreign manufacturers.
The Iron and Steel Schedules.
THE duties provided by the Mckinley law
in the iron and steel schedule were intended
to overcome, or rather TO give protection
to, the American manufacturer against
geographical and local transported ton condi-
tions-in other words, to compel the Amer
lean citizen residing on the Pacific slope
to pay not only the cost of production In
Pennsylvania, but wherever else in the east
the product might be manufactured, but
also the full railway transportation from
such points to the Pacinc slope"
TAKE the iron industry from another
point of view. That industry has entirely
changed, not only in condition, but in char
acter. Within the last twenty years steel
has supplanted iron in almost all its uses.
and steel is manufactured today at less cost
than iron. 1t would have been considered
as proof positive OF lunacy twenty years
ago IL one had declared that Pennsylvania
would be required to import ore to make
steel or iron. yet such is the condition to-
day. The transformation or change in this
industry from iron to steel has developed
that nature has blended here and there
beds of ore containing the proper combna-
ton of chemical elements to produce steel;
that among the classifications of mineral
ores today there is one known as Bessemer
steel ore that no artificial blending or in
termixing is required, nature having ac-
complished this work of blending, and it is
found that Pennsylvania Is not sufficiently
supplied Herewith to keep her steel manu-
factories in operation, that such supply is
rapidly being exhausted. and she must look
outside for the needed supply. Other beds
of this ore are found in limited quantities
in northern New York upon the Canada
border. They are found in limited quanti-
ties in Tennessee and Missouri But IN
none of these places in adequate quantities
to more than meet the present local de-
| mand but up in the northern peninsula Of
Michigan, and there running west into
Minnesota and Wisconsin, a great body of
this ore, thus far the greatest discovery in
the world, is located inexhaustible In its
supply, close to water transportation, and
the supply east of the Alleghepes that the
mills at Bethlehem, Scranton and other
places in that section have been compelled
to transport this ore from the Michigan
mines to supply their demands, thus en-
failing upon the cost of the consumers Of
steel in the Mississippi valley the added
cost of transportation east from the mines
of the raw ore; hence the development of
the steel and iron Industry lying along the
great lakes. The Illinois Steel and Iron
Company. located at Chicago, can transport
its ore from Escanaba. Mich, to the yard
of it's mills for 85 cents per ton. while the
Bethlehem and Scranton works are COM
PEELED to pay So cents per ton for lake
transportation and upward Of 50 for rail-
wav transportation from the lake ports to
their mills therefore 1t Is not strange that
this industry is rapidly centering west Of
the Alleghenes.
Raw Sugar Untaxed.
by the Mckinley bill sugar was free, re-
fined sugar was taxed one-half cent per
pound. We leave raw sugar untaxed and
rate the tax on refined sugar at one-fourth
of a cent. The law OF 1880 provided a
bounty of 2 cents a pound for all the sugar
produced in the United States from the
passage of the act until 1905 There was not
member of the committee that was not
opposed to this bounty system. believing it
to be. If not unconstitutional. clearly I'M
democratic. This bounty could have been
abolished Immediately without absolute in
justice. 1t would have been abolished; but,
realizing that millions of dollars had been
invested since 1880 by those interested in
sugar production on the strength of the law
existing, and the implied contract that such
bounty would continue as provided by law,
We felt that it would be an injustice to
those thus situated to suddenly withdraw
from them the promise of the government
upon which they had made their invest
ment. Consequently, without recognizing
the principle involved in the Mckinley law
or approving in any manner the bounty sys-
TEN, and actuated by the equity Of the sit
uation. we concluded that Justice demanded
that those who made investments upon the
strength of the law should not be deprived
suddenly of all remuneration they expected
from such Investment, and therefore pro-
vided for the gradual extinguishment Of the
bounty, giving them time to adjust their
business to the changes and conditions pro-
vided for.
1.-THE bill presented by the committee in
the Judgment of every member of the COM
mittee, Is clearly upon the lines of demo-
cratic thought and democratic declara-
ton. 1t Is complete compliance
with the pledges and promises Of the
democratic party in relation to the tariff.
and being SUCH have no doubt but 1t win
be enacted into law substantially as 1t
comes from the committee.
The Policy Pursued.
1--WE can not consider that a broad ma
ton would require us to live among our
selves, by ourselves and upon ourselves
We must take orr share Of the COM
rnerce of the world. and II We take our
proper share of this commerce, we must
leave to the interior. by reason Of geo
graphical conditions. the supplying Of our
domestic wants. For our export trade
therefore, the placing Of raw material, like
iron ore. coal and wool. upon the free list
enables capital upon the sea coast TO in
vest in the manufacture of the products
of these materials, to enlarge by export