Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1893-09-07

when introduced into mixture of glu-
cose or starch, in the presence of
warmth and moisture sets up fer
mentation. II the mixture be starchy
dough the yeast first changesa portion
of the starch into glucose and then de-
composes the glucose by changing it
into two new substances, viz, carbonic
acid gas and alcohol.
Now the gluten, which Is also con-
stituent of dough and moist starch,
affords, with the latter, an excellent
indus for the development of germs of
disease as well as for the yeast germs
The germs of cholera, as of typhoid
fever, would, If introduced into dough,
find very favorable conditions for their
growth.
/ do not wish to 'pose" as an alarm
list, nor am l willing to say there is
very much chance of the germs of
typhus and of cholera reaching the
stomachs of the people who eat bread
which has been raised with yeast.
But while am not afraid that cholera
and typhus will be greatly spread by
yeast-raised bread, have not the
slightest cause to doubt that other dis
eases have been and will be carried
about in the bread.
have met journeymcn bakers, suf
fering from cutaneous diseases, work
ing the dough in the bread trough with
naked hands and arms. / suppose /
need scarcely say this was put stop
to in very short order. have no rea-
son to suppose bakers are less liable to
cutaneous diseases than are other
men, and know, as every house
wife knows, yeast-raised bread
must be worked long time. This
is an exceedingly Objectionable
thing from the standpoint of physi-
clan, and for the reasons that the
germs of disease which are in the air
and dust and on stairways and straps
in street cars, are most often collected
on the hands. So well do physicians
know this that there is no ablution
practical equal to that which they UNI
dergo before they perform any kind Of
surgical operation. Any person who
has ever kneaded dough understands
the way in which the dough cleans the
hands. In other words, this means
that any germs which may have found
a lodging place on the hands of the
baker before he makes up his batch of
bread are sure to find their way into
the dough, and once there, to find all
the conditions necessary for subdi-
vision and growth. This is equivalent
to saying that we must rely on heat to
kill these germs, because it is almost
certain that they will be there. Now,
UNDERGONE or doughty bread is form
which every man and woman has seen.
1t is belief as old as the hills that
underdone bread is unhealthful. This
reputation has been earned for it by
the experience of countless genera
tions, and no careful mother will wish
her children to eat bread that has not
been thoroughly cooked. The reason
given for this recognized unhealthful-
ness has been that the uncooked yeast
dough is very difficult to digest, and
this reason has value. No one but q
physician would be apt to think of dis
ease germs which have not been killed
during the process of baking as a
cause of the sickness following the
use of uncooked yeast bread. Yet this
result from this cause is more than
probable. ] have not the slightest
doubt that could we trace back some
of the cases of illness which we meet
in our practice we would find that
germs collected by the baker have
found their way into the yeast bread,
thct the heat has not been sufficient to
destroy them, that the uncool1ed yeast
bread has been eaten and with it the
colonies of germs, that they have
found their way into the blood and
that the call for our services which
followed, has rounded off this sequence
of events.
have already pointed out that the
germs of disease are to be found in
the air and dust. The longer any sub
stance to be eaten is exposed to the
air, the greater the chance that germs
will be deposited on 1t. Bread raised
with yeast is worked down or lsneaded
twice before being baked and this pro
cess may take anywhere from foul
hours to ten. II has, then, the chance
OF collecting disease germs during the
process OF raising and 1t has two peri
DDS q working down or kpeading dur
II