The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1893-07-20
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stakes, 1t will be observed, have each
been driven into the ground until the
hook is just 65 inches above the bottom
of the tile.
Then wire "a fine steel wire of tho
kind used for holding stovepipes in
place. is stretched very taut on the
ground between the two inclined stakes,
and when fastened it is then lifted into
the hooks on the stakes. This wire
must be, if the survey is correct, a
straight line and parallel with tho bot
tom of the ditch and just 65 inches
above it, The wire is on one side of the
ditch, but not over it. lii the illustra-
tion the line Y is q level or horizontal
line, the line X is tho grade line, and
the space between these lines indicates
the fall.
Tho difficulty in constructing a ditch
for tile drain on grade may be seen
in the cut. The upright stakes are %
feet apart, but different depth is re-
quired at each point. The tendency is
to make the ditch ut all points about the
same depth below the surface. In that
case the bottom of tho ditch would be
parallel with the surface Thus in the
illustration the first cut, the depth of
one spade, about 10 inches, will have
bottom parallel with the surface of the
soil, as seen at d. Tho second may be
made in the same way, provided it does
not reach the grade of the tile, In the
illustration the bottom Of the second cut,
at G, is placed on grade parallel with
the line X by means of the measure at
n Tho fbirl 10 ;,, i,o
way, but is made so that it lacks about
II inches of being to the grade Mt which
the tile is laid. as indicated in the figure.
Then with the bottoming tool, or spoon,
the bed for the tile is cut out carefully
until re grade line is reached This
will be determined by the measure in
dicated at F.
These measures are constructed as fol-
lows; The upright piece is G feet long and
81 by five-eighths inches. This is laid of
in inches. Attached to the upright is a
movablearm y, about lSinches in length,
having Il thumb screw for fastening it at
any point on the upright. This arm is
fastened at right angles. A plumb is at
tached to one end of the movable arm.
The movable arm in this case is fastened
Jhoh b' iIASil'o nun lllD bbllOll vi lllb
upright Hence when the measure is
placed vertically on the bottom, if the
grade line has been reached, the arm
ought to touch the WIRE In this way
the bottom on which the tile rests may
be made a perfect grade and parallel
with the wire.
1t is important that the tile be placed
in soil which has not been disturbed,
that the alignment may not be affected
by the tile settling. The tile should be
laid so that the ends are brought as close
together as possible, and so that the tube
will be continuous. By the method
above indicated short lines of tile may
be laid ON a perfect grade without any
survey being made by first determining
the depth of the ditch at each end and
then adjusting the wire IN equal dis
tance above each end and in straight
line between these points. The height
of the wire above the surface of the soil
is immatprial, but it must be placed par
allel with the grade on which the tile is
to rest. Those who are interested in the
subject oil drainage will find much of
interest in works devoted to that subject
by such authors rs French, Manly, Miles,
Klipart and Warning.