The state republican. (Jefferson City, Mo.) 1871-1896, 1893-12-21

Of the United States in the Pacific clearly In.
dicate who at a distant day may he responsible
! for the government OF these islands. Under
territorial government they could be as easily
governed as any OF the existing territories OF
| the United States.
| Hawaii has reached the parting of the WAYS.
she must now take the road which leads to
| Asin or the other which outlets hcr In Amer.
| lea, gives her an American civilization and
| binds her to the care OF American destiny"
He also declares one Of two courses seems
TO me absolutely necessary to be followed,
vlther bold and vigorous measures for auncSa-
tion or q customs union and ocean cable from
| the California coast to Honolulu, Pearl harhor
perpetually cedcd 10 the Unite states with
an implied but not expressly stipulated Amer.
lean prOtectorate over the islands. | believe
the former to be tile better that witch will
prove th1 more advantageous to the islands
| the end to the United States. II 1t was
wise for the United States through Secrc-
tury Marcy, thirty.eight years ago, to Offer
to expend slOj0OJ to secure treaty OF
! annexation, it certainly can not be chmerical
| ton In the near future, To-day the United
/ states has five times the wealth she possessed
| IN 1884, and reasons now existing for annexa-
| ton are much stronger than they were then l
can not refrain from expressing the opinion
with emphasis, that the golden hour is near at
These declarations certainly show a dlsposi.
tion aud condition OF mind which may he use
fully recalled when interpreting the sgnn.
considering the probabilities OF such conduct
on his part us may not be admitted.
! IN tllS Wow IL seems proper To also quote q
letter written by the minister to the secretary
OF state on March 3. 1892, nearly "a year prior to
the first step taken toward annexation. After
stating the possibility that the existing gov
crnment OF Hawaii might he overturned by an
Norderly and peaceful revolution. Minister Ste.
vens writes as follows!
Ordinarily in like circumstances tho rule
seems to be to limit the landing and movement
OF the United States forces in foreign waters
and dominion exclusively to the protection OF
the United states legation and OF the lives and
property OF American citizens. But as the re.
latlons OF the United States to Hawaii are ex-
ccptonal and in former years the United
States oflcials here took somewhat excep
tional action In circumstances OF disorder. |
desire to know how far the present minister
I and naval commander may deviate from estlb.
lshed international rules and prccedunts in
contingencies indicated in the first part OF this
, Dispatch
! 10 minister Of this To nper full Of zeal for
annexation, there seemed to arise in January
ls9l, the precise opportunity for which he was
watchfully waiting--an opportunity which by
timely deviation from established international
| rules and preccdents might he improved to
successfully accomplish the great object in
| view: and we are quite prepared for the cxul.
tant enthusiasm with which letter to the
| state department dated February !. 1898 he dc.
/ clarcs the Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe
and this Is the golden hour for the United States
| to pluck It,"
the PRoTECToRATE PROCLAIMED.
| As further illustration OF the activity of the
| diplomatic Representatives attention Is called
! to the fact that on the day the above letter was
| written unable longer to restrain his ardor,
!
name OF the United States he assumed the
| protection OF the Hawaiian islands and de.
| clured thpt said action was taken pending
and subject to negotiations at Washington.
| or course this assumption OF protcctorate was
promptly disavowed by our government. but the
| American fl * remained over the government
| building nt Honolulu and the forces remained
| on guard until April and after Mr.. BlOunt's
| arrival, and he knew when both were removed
| \ renewed statement OF the occurrences that
! led to the subverston OF the constitutional
government OF Hawaii: In tn" interests Of an.
/ nexation 10 the United States, will exhibit tho
! true complexion of that transaction.
saturday. January II, 1893, tho queen of IIa.
wall, who had been contemplating the procla.
nation OF II new constitution had in Difference
to the wishes and rcmonstrancos OF her cabi-
| net, renounccd the project for the present at
least Taking this relinquished purpose
| lulu. numbering from fifty to one hun.
| dred, mostly resident aliens, met In u
private oilte and elected so;called commit
tee OF safety, composed OF thirteen persons,
| seven of whom were foreign subjects and con.
sisted OF i've Americans, one Englshmnn and
| one German This committee. though its de
| signs were not revealed. had In view nothing
less than annexation to the United States and
between saturday. the 18th, ami the following
| Monday, the 10th OF January, though exactly
what action was taken may not be clearly dis
Sio5ad they were certainly in com
qtigtatcGnu u9p ,u,MQRdaY, rpaynip"p. % the
nation with y notice which was special.
ly served upon the representatives OF all for.
eign governments that any changes in tho con
stitution would be sought only in the methods
provided by that instrument Nevertheless,
at the call and under tho auspices OF the com.
mittec OF safely, mass meeting of citizens
was held on that day to. protest against the
queen 3 alleged illegal and unlawful proceed
ings and purposes Even at this meeting I he
real purpose, and cOntcnted themselves with
procuring the passage OF resolution denounc.
Ing the queen and empowering the committee
TO provide ways and means to secure the per-
manent maintenance OF law and order, and the
protection OF life, liberty and property in
| Hawaii.
THE APPEAL TO MINISTER STEVENS.
This meeting adjourned between and 4
O'Clock in the afternoon On the same day
and Immediately after such adjournment, the
committee. unwilling to take further steps
without the cooperation OF the Um'cd States
minister, addressed him note representing
that the public safety was mcnaccl and that
lives and property were III danger and con.
we are unable to protect ourselves without
aid, and therefore pray for the protection Of
the United States forces"
On the 10th day OF January 1898 between I
and 5 o'cloek in the afternoon u deta achment OF
marines from the United States steamer Bos.
ton with two pieces OF artillery, landed At
Honolulu. The men. upwards of $50 in an;
with ammunition. This military dcmonstra-
tion upon the soil OF Honolulu was Of itself an
act of war unless made either with ,h thG con.
ing imperilci lives and property. OF
citizens Of the United states But there is no
pretensc of any such consent on the part OF tn
government OF the queen. which at that time
was undisputed and was both the de facto and
the de jurc government. There is as little ba
sis for the prctense that such forces wcro
landed for the security OF American life and
property. II so they would have been stationed
In the vicinity Of such property, and so as tc
protect it instead OF at q distance, and so as to
command the Hawaiian government building
and palace.
WHOLLY WITHOUT JUSTIFICATION.
Thus 1t appears that Hawaii was taken pos
session OF by the United States forces without
the consent or wish of the government OF the
islands or OF any body else 80 far as shown, eS
| cept by the United States minister Therefore
the military occupation of Honolulu by th'
United States on the day mentioned was wholly
without justification either as an occupation
, by consent or as nn occupation necessitated 10y
dangers threatening American life and prop
, The United States forces being now on the
scene and favorably stationed the committee
of safety proceeded to carry out their oriElna
scheme. They met the next morning Crues
day. the nth and perfected the plan OF tenn
porary government Between and oclocl
they proceeded to the government building Il
proclaim tho new government No sign OF op
Q position was manifest and thereupon an Amer
lean citizen read the proclamation from the
n steps of the government building almost en-
4 tirely without auditors The one controlling fac
tor In the whole affair was unquestonubly lh'
: United States marines, who, drawn mp under
q arms and with artillery in readiness onl!
n seyenty'hye yards distant, dominated the sl'
i untion.
i was by the terms OF the proclamation, It
v exist until terms of union with the Unite
\ States had been negotiated and agreed upon.
!, The United States minister, pursuant to prio
agreement. recognized this government With
/. an hour after the reading OF the proclamation
II and before O'Clock, in answer to an inquiry o
!. behalf OF the queen and her cabinet, announce
Y that he had done so.
d NEITHER DE FAcTo NOR DE JuRE
# when our minister recognized the prov
sional government the only basis upon whtc
1t rested was the fact that the committee @
safety had in the manner above stated. dt
n clared II to exist. II was neither q government
r de facto nor de jure. That 1t was not in sue
8 possession of the government property an
e agencies AS entitled It to recognition, is col
i cluslvely proved by note found in the hles G
. the legation at Honolulu addressed b
" the declared head of the provisions
Y government to Minister Stevens, date
T. January II, 1893, in which h
G. acknowledges with expressions OF AZ
ID probation the minister's recognition OF th
T. provisional government, and states that II !
ii not yet In the possession OF the station hous
=, (the place where u large number OF the queen
81 trooDs Were Quartaredl though the same ha