davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
NOTES FROM NERO.

John Gabriel left for Sheboygan few
days ago.
knute Johnson Of North Dakota Is
visiting relatives in this place.
Rev. Vychodil formerly of this place,
but now Of Milwaukee spent a day with
Rev. kabath at Tisch Mills.
Frank Blaha left for Ashland, Wis. to
resume his work as blacksmith there.
Halvor johnson is now engaged in
building a two masted vessel at Clay
Banks. Mr.. johnson will go sailing this
summer.
The Mathiesen cheese factory has been
rented to William Schmoock. who will
operate the same the coming season.
The continuous drouth last fall with
sudden freeze up, has caused a scarcity
OF water among the farmers here. Occa-
slonly a crowd can be seen in the direc-
ton Of a good spring.
The lenten season sets in with a grand
Itld-I iiGi due Dtit, 10 Dc nbll DIT tlaS.
Tegges He'll, Feb. y, 1898. Preparations
are being made to make the occasion
happy one.
The saloonkeepers in this vicinity, last
week were hustling up to fill their ice
houses. The quality this year is good
being from twenty to twenty-four inches
thick.
| Rudolph Last came near being drown
ed one day last week while saving ice.
Through the immediate efforts of Jos.
Urbanek and few others, Mr.. Last was
rescued.
The work Of the farmers here has been
! considerably retarded, owing to the recent
weather. No sooner was the work of saw
ing and hauling fire wood begun than fire
bee" consisting Of d number of young
farmers, for more than a week have made
it practice to camp III the woods. Each
night three Of the company act as senti-
nels to guard the engine from the inyas.
ion of rabbits. Daring the time meteoro-
logical observations have been taken.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

THERE Is 4 movement afoOt to secure a
school in this city for the education OF
deaf mutes. The steps to be taken are
the procuring of suitable rooms and the
permission Of the state superintendent
upon application of the mayor an ], city
council. The state pays annually for
each pupil IN such schools. the sum of
SI0O If school is maintained nine months,
and q proportionate amount for less
time.
\ resolution is now before the city
council requesting that application be
made for a school of this kind. There is
no such school on the lake shore north
OF Milwaukee while there are a large
number Of mutes III the territory tribu-
tary to Manitowoc who would take adj
vantage Of the benefts of such a school
There are il Manitowoc county %
/ mutes, Sheboygan 81. Kewaunee s, Calu-
met >. Many of these are now sent out
side for instruction. The school which
1 it is designed to establish here will teach
the pupils to talk and to catch conversa-
ton from the movement OF the lips. This
method has long since passed the expert
mental stage and is now adopted by all
the better class of schools
The expense Of the school is borne by
the state if an ordinary class can be Sc
/ cured. If eight students can be secured
| to begin with the expense to the city Is
nothing beyond providing a room. and
/ with large class the bonus from the state
4 would meet all expenses. There are quite
q number OF people IN this and adjoining
/ counties having children who are afflicted
by loss OF hearing who are unable to send
them to Milwaukee for instruction. but
who would send them to such school,
nearer home where the expense would be
less and the separation not so complete
A room could be procured in the Luline
school or in the Third ward school build.
ing which would answer all PURPOSES tc
begin with. and should the attendance al
the school warrant the outlay, building
for this purpose could be provided.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

TIE local feeling in Mamtowoc county
was intensely strong for Bragg. In Reeds
vile people from the county thronged
the depot and public houses awaiting
the arrival of the evening newspapers to
learn what the day brought forth on the
senatorial question. When il was learn
ed that he was defeated the feeling of in
dignation is said to have been startling.
In this city it was more subdued but not
the less intense because violent express
sions was depressed. Time may quiet the
feeling of dissatisfaction but unless 1t
does there is a revolution pending. 1t is
not good time IN which to speak favor
ably of the election of a United States
senator by the Legislature. The people
are abroad.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
MARINE.

QUITE lot of vessel property is chang
ing hands this winter.
The T. & P. NJ. No. and the Menomi-
nee lay in the harbor during Tuesday
storm.
Jim Corbettis occasionally heard from.
| When last seen he was near the foot of
the lake
The ice has been crowding the west
| shore for some time and causing the win
ter boats some trouble.
The propeller Menomlnee had a new
smoke stack put in while lying at her
dock in this city on Tuesday.
The Cora a. which was built here by
Burger & Burger was lately purchased
by Sheboygan parties for $4,000.
The ice is crowded pretty thickly into
the bay at this place The Menominee
spent yesterday forenoon in crowding its
way out.
The Milwaukee harbor was completely
blocked with ice during the early part of
the week. The Z. 4 p NJ. No. 4 was
caught in it and held prisoner.
The City of Pekin is seven days over
due at San Francisco and there are fears
for her safety. A ting has been sent out
to make search for the missing steamer.
Anton Johnson knows something about
tow lines and was summoned as witness
on suit at Chicago to testify regarding
the strength ola tow line in a suit for
damages.
The z. & P. NJ. No, !, is making pretty
regular trips to this port now. She is
one of the few boats which do not find it
difficult to reach her destination at either
terminus of the route
The T. & p. NJ. No. had her rudder
bent with Ice at Ludington and the No 5
4ad her wheel broken in slip in Chica-
60. Both had to go into dry dock. No
such mlshaps could occur in the Mani
towoc harbor.
The life saving crews along Lakes HUI
ron, Erie and Ontario have been notified
to hold themselves in readiness for ser
vice along the Ohio River when spring
opens. The severe January weather has
led to the belief that the break up will
bring heavy floods and thus endanger
life and property.
The steamer NOrtherener which strand
ed on Keweenaw PIT. Lake Superior,
November last had a cargo of oil. Two
thousand barrels were jettisoned. This
oil drifted to the foot of the lake a dis
lance of 200 miles and is now being re-
covered. The barrels froze in the ice
and are now being chopped out and haul
ed ashore by dog teams.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

To close our stock of winter goods and
surplus stock we are offering large dis
counts. These discounts on many goods
bring the price down to cost and our GUS
toners VIII find many bargains. We are
giving large discounts on Cloaks, Jackets,
Shawls, Blankets, Overcoats, Clothing
&c. Give us call before purchasing.
BARNES. MFNDLIK & MULHoLLAND.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

THE people of Cooperstown will be
slow hereafter in giving entertainment to
peddlers, but they will still buy from
them, Business men think this is foolish,
but they show lack of wisdom in the same
direction. There isn't fake advertising
concern which will fail to capture the
business men Of this city. They perceive
clearly the folly Of people when they
buy from peripatetic vendors, bat when
it comes to peripatetic advertising they
are just as gullible as the poor granger
who patronizes the peddler. There is
wonderful sameness in the foibies of peo-
pie after all, and those who blame their
neighbors should scan their own acts be-
fore passing judgment.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

HE Ackerman Institute is a new en-
terprise located in Sheboygan. Its III
corpOrators number some of the solid
men of the city. The Institute purposes
curing drunkenness and the opium habit
without the use of gold or atropine. The
advertisement of the Institute will be
found elsewhere in this issue.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
COURT NOTES.

Judge Gibson adjourned court on Sat
urday last until Tuesday afternoon o.
| this week.
The kocian case is still beng fought
out after the verdict of the jury has beer
given.
The present term of court is one of the
longest held in this county for years
| Court viii not close this week.
THE following Is the report of court
proceedings for the week preceding date
of publication:
Plumb & Nelson VS.. Theresa Schalo-
WITT ct al. Discontinued as to defendant
Schalowitz.
Christian Ludwig vs.. II. Ludwig. Dis
continued without costs to either party.
Frank Woerful VS.. VIM. Kadow. Mali
cious prosecution. Verdict of jury,
the deft. to pay $50 atty. fees and SIS
damages to pltf.
Geo. ". Jones ct al VS.. Manjtowoc
Manfg. Co. jury waived, caused tried
by court and taken under Amusement.
John Good VS.. Paul Olson. jury has
following verdict for pin. l. Owner of
rope. Wrongfnlly detained by deft. ,.
Value of rope seized by sheriff S51207.
4. Ealue ofrope sold S523.47. ). Wrong
full DENTON, damages S12.31.
A. ?. Schrumek VS.. Pauline Schrumek.
Placed on calendar.
Cecilia Giefer VS.. Matthias G efer. De-
cree OF divorce granted TO plff.
Sldonie Albert VS.. Edward Albert.
From kewaunee Co, Divorce granted
to plff.
Anna yoss vs.. J. NJ. Voss. Divorce
granted plff.
John Steicher VS.. D. O'BrIen. Discon-
t1nued without costs to either party.
Thos. Gretz VS.. Joseph Gretz. Order
to release bond and mortgage
Emma Othersall vs.. Phoebe J. Hill
Order that clerk pay surplus money to
Il. II. Markham.
A. S. Chloupek VS.. John Peroutka.
jury dismissed by court and case taken
under Amusement.
". Click VS., Jos. kloida Judgment
OF foreclosure signed.
Fred Finger vs.. Lucy Finger. From
Sheboygan Co. Divorce granted pltf.
Ernst Duebner VS.. VIM. Luebke. Cause
settled.
". d. Richards, Assignee VS.. German
American Insurance Co. Cause taken
under Amusement.
in matter of estate OF G. FinkelmeIer.
In matter of estate of JOHN Hayden.
Orders II above cases to discharge bond
and mortgage.
Angallne LaFond vs.. Godfrled LaFond.
Divorce granted plaintiff.
j. L. Edwards vs.. Manitowoc county.
Hubert Falge VS.. Manitowoc county.
Cause taken under advisement.
The State of Wis. vs. Caroline Frank.
The State Of Wis. VS.. Henry Scherer.
The State of Wis. VS.. Xavier Berkle.
The State of Wis VS.. Fred Beck.
Above cases continued by consent of par
ties.
The State Of Wisconsin VS.. John Sipek.
Defendant pays costs and action discon-
tinued.
The State of Wis. VS.. Albert Schnurek.
Discontinued because no malice appears
on part of defendant ia the wrong done
fences.
The State Of Wis. VS.. Wencel Walter
bach. Discontinued for reason as above.
In two actions OF The State of Wis. VS..
A. }. Endress and The State Of Wis. vs.
Fred II. harris, def,s waive the reading
of information and plead not guilty, also
file affidavits Tor change of venue.
Adolph Piening, Assignee VS.. T. NJ.
Miller. Cause in progress of trial.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
THE NORTH GALVESTON BRICK
PLANT.

The kiln of red pressed brick that was
opened a few days ago at North Calves
ton, Tex, revealed quantity of material
which was pronounced by experts as fully
equal in density, durability and color to
the best St. Louis pressed brick. The
North Galveston Brick Company is a
pretty big concern. The machines, build
ings, yards and general capacity equals
some of tue best plants in the country.
More factories being built, steady in
crease IN population and is abundant in
hux of capital seems to be the present
record of this thrifty young city. For
particulars call on or address John Franz
q Son, Manitowoc, Wis, the local agent
or address the North Galveston, Box 963
Minneapolis, MINI.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

WITH or without reason, there is a feel
ing that the opening of spring will be the
beginning of an era Of prosperity for
Manitowoc. The past year has been a
trying one, but when The disasters which
visited us are taken into consideration
the business done must appear quite
satisfactory. The people have made a
most praiseworthy effort to retrieve the
losses and the magnificent new factory
which will soon begin operations Is proof
Of the enterprise. On the whole there Is
ground for announcement.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
AN IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE.

To make it apparent to thousands,
Who think thenselve, Ill, that they are not
affected with any disease, but that the
system needs cleansing, is to bring COM
fort home to their heart, as a csstive con-
dition is easily cured by using Syrup of
Figs Manufactured by the CaliforL Ia
Fig Syrup Co. %
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

THE wind made some of the electric
wires cross the fire alarm wires on Tues
day afternoon. The fire department came
out in a surprisingly short time, notwIth-
standing that the streets were heavy with
snow.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
MARRIED.

At the city Of Manitowoc on the 2lst
day OF January y. D.. 1898 by John
O'Hara Justice of the peace, Mr.. William
Drumm and Miss Lizzie Wettenkamp.
both of the town of Manitowoc Rapids,
Manitowoc county, Wis.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
FARM FOR SALE.

50 acres of land in the town of Rock
land, % acres under cultivation without
stumps or stone, a good frame house,
barn 40x70, two good stables and frame
granary. Can furnish machinery and
horses If desired. L. H. MEANY
Reedsvills. Wis.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

HINRICHS' AMERICAN Corn CURE cure
quickly and does not cause pain or sore
ness. Cure guaranteed. For sale by
Henry Hinrichs, druggist.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
DOCTORS
SAID
CUT The LEG OFF

Ny son was afflicted for over q year
with very serious sore on his leg
which was caused by a hruise and tax
inc cold The sore extended from the
knee to the ankle and the flesh had
decayed to the bone. and even The bone
was largely deeomposet. Four differ
ont physicians had told me the only
wav to save the boys life was by am
putating the leg, which Of course. I
was seriously opposed TO fit We're
possible 10 save IT. We took him to
St. Mary Hospital in this city, where
he was treated about three months;
they scrapel the bone thoroughly and
we hoped for better results. Finally
we were recommended by our physi-
cian to try Sephcide. The first thing
We noticed after applying it was that
the offensive odor was gone, and all
the Inflammation was subdued giving
the sore much healthier appearance
1t commenced healing at once and
now the leg Is perfectly cured.
EBEN DAWES.
10i Fifth ST. Milwaukee.
Call for circular
Sold by o, A. ALTER, Druggist
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

Ex-senator MEAD of Plymouth was
IN the city on legal business on Tuesday
of this week. Mr.. Mead was Bragg
man and feels, as we all do. with regard
to the result. He is a democrat cast in a
pretty independent mould, and carries
his sovereignty under his own hat"
That's the kind of democrat the times
demand and is just the kind that will
give permanence to democratic success
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

PRINCIPAL Evans is now preparing the
programme for the spring meeting of the
North Eastern Teachers Association of
which he is president. The meeting will
probably be held in Oshkosh.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

THE Manitowoc Seating Co will have
a nice batch OF orders to begin work up
on when it starts up. Mr. A. c. Miller
lately secured a church contract in Mil
waukee and left last night to establish
agencies in the East.
The Company is delayed through fail
ure 10 receive the heating apparatus as
early as it was contracted for But the
delay is something unavoidable 10 far as
the company is concerned. 1t will not
be long before the factory Will be in full
blast.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
BIDS
d. c., SENGLAUB.

Will be received until February II. for 10
cords Of seasoned and 20 cords of green
maple for use of the county.
L. C., SENGLAUB.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

THOSE who hold a ticket for Gale
Glass Mount can have one % dozen
Cabinet Photos without the Glass Mount
for $500 if taken before March LIST.
9 HUGO kLINGHOLZ.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

CHARLES SALAK JR., was in the city
yesterday. He says the ferry beats axe
running steadily and have lost but little
time on account of Ice.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
UNDERTAKING..

G. x ". Frazer have put in a complete
stock of undertaking Goods and all or.
ders In that line will receive prompt at
tention. Day and night calls attended to-.
No. If North Eighth St.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

KEwAUNEE parties are about to sue the
Lackawanna Ry. Co. for 5000 worth Of
fish lost by the sinking of the steamer
Newburg. If Kewaunee people are so
almighty particular about few fish the
Lackawanna will play the deuce with
their differential. The Pilot doesn't know
what ditferential is, neither do the Ke-
waunee people, and still it seems to be a
big thing. Kewaunee could not get
along without it, whatever it may be.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

An elegant new line of imported and
domestic WooLESs for mems pants or
SUITS MADE To ORDER. at Schuette Bros.
tailor dept. 8
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

The T. Il ?. NJ. No had cutie time
of it getting out of the harbor yesterday
afternoon. There was lot of anchor ice
IN the way.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

TIE members of the Sons of Temper
ance desire to extend their thanks to all.
and especially to the musicians who so
ably assisted in the entertainment given
at the home of Mr.. E. j. Smalley on last
Friday evening.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
FOR RENT,

Convenient Flat over c.. w. Fechter's
Store.
Dwelling house with ! acre on n. 10th
st. For particulars call on
CHAs. b. TRosT,
Insurance & Real Estate Agent.
Office S. Sth Street.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
SURROUNDING COUNTRY.

The State University asks for an appro-
priation of S116.950.
Sheboygan is soon TO have fine hotel
which will cost $4,000.
Many of the Milwaukee schools will be
closed because OF sewer gas.
Rev. II. Stone Richardson of Oshkosh.
formerly of this place is seriously III.
John Koch of Milwaukee stabbed him
self with pair Of shears on Monday last
and died from the effects OF the wound
Ashland and Superior are having a
fight for the location Of the new normal
school. Ashland offers a site and 3d.,
900; Superior a site and $4,000.
L. D. Swift of Depere has been missing
for some time and it is thought he CON-
mitted suicide. He left letter stating
that he had nothing more to live for and
that he would save his friends the trouble
OF burying him.
Judge Moeskes Of Appleton is having
some trouble with officers whose fees for
accompanying dependent children to the
Sparta schools he says are exorbitant.
La return for his assault they made things
unpleasant for him before the county
board, and he brought the controversy
into the papers of the city.
The secretary has asked an additional
$1,000 for the government building at
Sheboygan. When Congressman Brick
ner wants anything for his constituents.
he at once lays siege to the citadel which
is to be carried. He is very quiet in his
movements but he can't be frightened
away. He fights it out on that line until
the citadel surrenders. He then gathers
up his Announcements and proceeds In
the same way with some other duty. Con-
gresham Brickner can do more with less
u0ise than most people.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

FRESH fish constantly on hand, also
salt water fish, fresh from the coast
4. ENGELs.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

THE best remedy to heal SORE BREAST
NECK and SHOULDER ON HORSES sold at
Hinrichs' Drugstore.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

MONEY to loan on farm or city prop
erty. MARKHAM x MARKHAM,
TOrrison's Block.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

A furious storm is raging to-day. The
streets are deserted and business is at a
standstill. AS the wind is from :the east
its full force is felt here.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

% Doz ladies' all-linnen Handkerchiefs
at 8 cts, piece or one dollar a dozen, is
what We are offering as special bargain
this week. SCHUETrE Bros.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

MONEY TO LOAN on good farm security
10 sums to suit. NASH & NASH.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

Mail matter was delayed considerably
by the storm Of Tuesday. The hiel mail
which should have been in on Tuesday
evening did not arrive before Wednes-
day. The same thing was true Of the
Rosencrans mail. The trains from the
west due Wednesday morning did not
put IN en- appearance on Wednesday fore
noon.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
BOARDERS.

[ have become proprietor of the Ver-
mont House and am now prepared to
take boarders either by the day or week.
The house is quite favorably located and
quite near the business center Of the city.
Terms reasonable. OTTs SMITH. 90
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
PERSON

PETER REF of Kossuth is quite seri-
ously sick.
Mr.. o. SMITH has taken charge of the
Vermont House.
4. J. SCHAIrz was iu Amigo on Tues
day or legal matters.
W. HOVER of Chicago was visiting
friends in this city this week.
DE-. JOHN MULHoLLAND of Minnesota
was visiting in the city this week.
JAMES PHIPPs OF Minneapolis was Wis
iting his mother in this city this week.
WM. SAVAGE of Manitowoc Rapids was
a caller at The Pilot Office on Saturday
last.
CHARLES HOVER JR., returned last
week from a visit of couple of weeks to
Mt. Clemens, Mich.
ED. HUBBARD is dancing attendance on
court as a witness and isn't in the best
OF hnmor over being kept away from his
business.
Mr.. AND Mrs. CHARLES BEERS left on
Tuesday for Sc. Joseph, Mich, having
been called there by the death of Mrs
Russ, a sister Of Mrs. Beers.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

Miss CLARA BREsLER will give vocal
lessons. All those desiring the same will
please call at her home the first week in
February and make arrangements.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02
FOR SALE

A gentlemans driver. Good roadster
Inquire of 81. GUTTMANN.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

FIRST Presbyterian Church corner Sth
and State streets, O. II. Chaplin pastor.
Sabbath morning Feb. 9Th, topic Phil
lips Brooks" Evening, "Some Great
Facts" Strangers welcome.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

= IrCH on human and horses and all ami
Sanitary Lotion. This never fails. Sold
by f. c. Baerstatte Druggist, Manitowoc
Wis
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1893-02-02

THE snap of cold has raised hob with
those whose cellars are not weather proof.
The Rand 4 Roemer Hardware Co. have
had its water upply cut off by Jack
Frost and Sixta 4 Sons have been IN
able to give their customers water for a
wash.