Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-09-16
THE TROUBLES IN BRAZIL.
The Unhappy People Continually nj
Odds With the Federal Goyerumert.

Odds With the Federal Government
From the New York Herald
The feverish spirit of unrest which eeens
TO be Characteristic accompaniment of
all South American governments has pgr-
sued the destiny of Brazil ever since Dam
Pedro was overthrow and the form of the
government changed from that of monarch
ical to republican.
The revolution which brought about the
deposition OF Dom Pedro was sudden as
1t was effectuaL Although mutterings of
discomfort at the, financial status of the
empire had been INDUCED in very generally
the heads Of the government Of the old en-
peror did not see fit to endeavor to stem the
advancing tide. The republicans under the
leadership of shrewd and popular pollti-
clans. were anxiously tanning these little
sparks of trouble into more extensive
blazes. No possible opportunity to create
dlstrust for the government was neglected.
The army especially was PLAYED upon with
specious promises OF bettered condition in
the event OF the overthrow of the govern
ment This method Of awakening enthus-
iasin IN the new movement was partiCu-
larry enectual
Fonseca BECOMES President.
Gen. Manoel Deodora Fonseca. who vas
at that time the head Of tho army. was an
ardent republican. His sympa:hics were so
well known in hat direction that he Was
feared by the emperor. He prevailed on the
soldiers to clamor for Increased wages and
by championing their demand Fonseca
made himself more popular than ever with
Them Thus, on November IL 1883 IL Was
no surprise to the citizens of Rio Janeiro 20
learn that the troops had refused to pro-
tect the garrison OF SAINT Anna although
the marines, sailors and police remained
faithful to the emperor. Fonseca lost 20
time in placing himself at the head of the
mutinous soldiers and laid siege 20 the bar
4 A..
istry foresaw the result of keeping up a
struggle without an army they SURRENDERED
the barracks and were placed under guard
They were almost Immediately relieved OF
arrest. At O'Clock that afternoon the EN-
peror was called upon and the resignation
OF the ministry was rendered and accepted
proclamation announcing the establish
merit of republic and the formation OF a
provisional government was Immediately IS
sued. The provisional cabinet was COM
posed OF Chief Fonseca, DIR. Quintino Iso-
| cayuva. minister of foreign affairs: DR. Raw
Barboza, minister of finance: Benjamin
Constant, minister OF war; Dr. CamIsos
SALES. minister OF justice; Eduardo Wan
| denkolk. minister of marine; Aristide Lola.
minister Of the interior. and Demetris Iti-
bero. minister Of agriculture.
The deposed emperor was notified on the
morning Of November ls 1889. that he Yves
10 leave the country. He signed his ac-
quiescence in the condition of affairs which
deprived him of a throne and made hasty
ARRANGEMENTS for his departure. A sum %
I
emperor on his embarkation. He left the
| city at O'Clock the next morning on a gun
boat and was placed.on board the steamer
Alagoas, which took him to Europe. lie
died in Paris December 4. 1891. The ern.
press died on December ss 1889
Many Difficulties Encountered.
From the very outset the pathway OF the
provisional government was beset with dif
fculties. In the first place the tardy recox-
milton of fits authority by foreign nations
created a sense of insecurity. This WAS
largely overcome by the action OF the
United States and later OF the German
| government in officially recognizing the
new republic A shrewd move to secure ths
sympathy OF foreign states was decided
| upon by Chief Fonseca and Minister Lobo
| They saw the need Of the moral supp0r4
OF outside people and accordingly they -
| sued a proclamation announcing that al
foreigners residing I'm Brazil were there
after citizens OF the republic and entitled
! to every privilege that might imply with
| the exception of becoming chief of state.
| Fonseca was reelected president Of ths
| republic on February 6. 1891. He almost i'm
| mediately thereafter began a renewal OF ths
methods which had in the earlier part Ss
his leadership Of the provisional govern
| ment made him somewhat unpopular. Con-
gress at length took il up and a chssm ef
discomfort yawned between the president
| and his people. These differences princi-
pally conferred on the question Of finance.
| Measures passed by the legislature wee
vocated by him were voted down by con-
| gress.
Fonseca dissolved the congress and mar.
tial law was proclaimed In the states OF ths
| federation. Next day he proclaimed himself
| dictator Rioting in many parts OF the -
public followed and several lives were lost.
Fonseca issued a manifesto explaining his
! action in assuming the dictatorship by the
| statement that the acts of the congress
were not promoted by any feeling of SYN
| patty with the republic. He claimed that
| the plotters who had sought a restoration
were at the bottom of the more recent sc-
! tons OF congress and accordingly he de-
clared IL was necessary to maintain the
existing form of government by the display
OF force and frmness.
4 few sailors in the navy yard at RIO
Janeiro on the morning Of November =.
1891. began 70 shout Down with Fonseca!
Long live the republic The demonstra-
ton spread with rapidity and news OF u
was carried into the town. Business Was
suspended and the streets soon became M
ed with excited citizens. Orators ADDRESSED
the crowds and denounced the tyranny q
| Fonseca until the blood OF the hot-headed
southerners was reused to the point OF rev
| olution.
/ Discomfort Spreads
The news had been carried to Fonseca.
| who Immediately summoned his cabinet.
The condition Of affairs was hurriedly die
cusscd and as the consultation proceeded
spies arrived bearing the intelligence of the
spread OF the discomfort. Fonseca. seeing
| that Il had already gone too far declared
| that his chronic infrmities would prevent
him from taking the field to suppress tie
| revolt and accordingly ne thought II better
to resign The leaders of the oppositi0n
were sent for and Il was agreed TO acceIt
as successor Vice President F1oriano Peis-
oto who had remained neutral in all the
controversies between Fonseca and con-
gress.
With the accession Of Peixoto as press
dent a con siderable period OF peaceful prog
ress was anticipated His moderation on
questions Of public policy was believed 10
be Just what was wanted TO give the neces-
sary confidence to foreign capitalists WHO
might be seeking a field Of operations IN
4 Brazil For this purpose he fosteTed ses-
eral measures looking toward the favors-
bic realization of commercial schemes
Rio Gran DO SuI's Unrest.
Discomfort. however. grew in Rio Grande
do Sui and IL was but few months age
that q revolution started I'm that state
which has since then given the federal gov
eminent continuous trouble. The Heralds
exclusive cable dispatches from that coun-
try have kept the world I'm touch wi n the
belligerent state and Informed OF the prog
ress of the revolution.
Admiral wandenkolk early figured in f.
Rear admiral in the navy he is a fine looks
ing man, sixty years old He has n bushy
head of dark gray hair and heavy mus