The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03
2EnoAaDrNrxo AsD1An,ure.

Looks % them as they are to-day. AZ with
flowers. 90 with fruits and the tenantry Of the
kitchen garden. Contrast . Baldwin apple
with the ancestral crab. or q parsnip with the
tough little root from which It Is descended.
Once each individual grain on an ear OF corn
was wrapped In q sheath By itself: good breed
tnR has here 40 effectually done It's work as in
the case OF building the Hereford OK for beef
and the Jersey COW for milk. In enriching the
soil. In careful tillage. in selecting seeds from
the thriftiest plants, In crossing varieties. In
SELLING UPON the sports" nature Offers the
gardener has been able to work wonders.
Ample proof OF this Ia gathered in tho
southwest corner OF the Agricultural building
. at the Worlds Fair where the experiment sta
tons mako their exhibit Here arc contrast
ed. not only vegetables and fruits with the UNI
promising stock from which they came. but
an elaborate display OF how the chemist and
the inventor have gone into partnership with
both the gardener and the farmer. IA we en-
ter we sse . row OF glass Jars filled with water.
each sustaining corn, pea. or fax plant fed
by appropriate chemicals In solution. verify
ing the chemists dictln that every specific
crop demands from the soil n particular kin
and quantity OF diet Near by 10 another row
OF Jars alled with sand instead OF water. each
Jar also suitably Fed: In this row the plants
have firm support. aYl look the bstter for 1t.
Tho chemical analysis Of soils ID not to-day
considered "a important rs 1t formerly was
yet at times 1t has very great value. as whore
In New Jersey certain al the reach growers
have doubiel their crops by acting on tho ad-
vice OF tho chemist ut tho New brunswick
station and giving their soil tho potash 1t
lacked. Before the days Of chemical tests the
dealers In fertilizers had it all their own wav:
the arms that made tho boldest claims did the
biggest business. Eighteen years ago. In Con-
necticut. farmers were paving all tho way
from 10S cents to Sl87 per pound for their
nitrogen. and from 10N TO 25,i cents per
pound for thsir soluble phosphoric acid: to-
day they buy their fertilizers on analysls.Ssn
no imaginary element enters into the price.
40 the people OF Connecticut expend an
nually. chiefly for their tobacco crops. some
S5o0OO0 for fertilizers. In tho single item OF
eoouomlzlnG this outlay the experiment sta-
ton ut Mtddletown has saved the State mach
more than Its cost
While tho chemical test tube and the
scales have served to show the farmer
the worth OF tho phosphates and nj
trstes offered him, q simple bit Of home made
apparatus enables him co test tho vitality OF
seeds-oiten sold ut high prices. Mr. H. l..
Bolley. the chemist OF tho North Dakota sta.
tion at Fargo. has devised q seed foster that
can be put together in two minutes. A small
stu pbb - tuthou upsiu0 uoWu iubluo u ldT&o
one. On the bottom OF tho small pan o piece
Of folded cotton Is spread under and over the
seed to DO tested: the cloth hangs down into
little water poured into the large pan. SO as to
keep the seed thoroughly moist The special
application Of this foster in the Northwest has
been to ascertain the value of frosted wheat
for seed. In the Dakotas and Minnesota the
farmer often suffers from an early frost SO Sc
we're that no must either plant nipped grain
or buy his seed. Fortunately. no finds that as
arule. he can use frosted grain with safety.
At the Fargo station. Mr.. Bolley says. no fewer
than LAG varieties Of wheat are grown with In.
tent to compare their hardness. YIELD and re-
distance to disease: several Of these varieties
are the result Of artificial crossing. The keep
ing seed wheat true to q single variety 10 a
peint which has long been held as important
BY observing farmers: indeed. It IL q point
forced upon them By their harvesting machin-
err. nthey plant different varieties OF wheat
together. they cannot avoid cutting in the
Same swath grain ripe and unripe. Mr.. Pills
bury. the famous miller OF Minneapolis.
through the Minnesota experiment station.
has distributed hundreds OF sacks OF pure
proved In quality and increased In quantity
by taking pains In shis matter.
sTocK.5RnDNo HxrKRIMESrs.
Between wheat a. IL grows In Minnesota and
~ IL grows In Southern Illinois or Kansas.
there Il very decided difference. The berry
IN Its southwark migration loses hardness
aid milling quality. 80 with other cereala A
hog fed on rations OF corn in Canada lays on
more hssh and less fat than his cousin in
Ksnsas: or to express It as the chemists do
cotn In Canada 10 richer in protein and poorer
In Arbo-hydrates than in Kansas A Ques-
zion. therefore. for the experiment stations In
Tho Middle States 10: can We breed o variety Of
corn with the good points Of the Canadian
arttclef Why the hog Is so popular medium
for sending crops to market comes out when
we glance at three tall glass boxes standing
beside each other In the stock feeding exhibit
Each box contains corn. peas. and oats In the
proportions best suited for building pork.
mutton. and beef To add ten pounds to his
weight the hog asks but half as much provon-
dor as the sheep. and only about q third as
much as the OK. SO much for personal inao-
tivity as an element In turning the scale OF
advantage: In feeding for fat the farmer gives
his hogs corn. in feeding for flesh he adds
ekin milk or other heterogeneous food Near
the cross sections OF porkers which make all
this plain and clear are tall glass jars. show
ing how valuable fesh.former Is the cake
'eade from cotton seed after the oil Is pressed
Mol It 1t is but few years since cotton
wv. with all Its wealth OF OIL was thrown
! fny or. crudely fermented was used in part
Or hog feed. Not until machinery had been
Invented to free tho seel from lint. express
lts oil and thoroughly pulverize the residue.
did cotton seed rise to It's present value.
Close to the exhibit OF cotton seed produc
tho botanists OF the exporim emit stations show
an alcovs Of forage plants. To inexperienced
oyes the alfalfa OF Colorado and California de- |
spite tts being perennial OF tho hardest,
bears somewhat scared and woody look.
From japan comes the soya bean. now success
fully cultivated: 1t is highly prolific. Here. |
too. In percentages, we are told how much is
gained in nutrition by waiting until hay is
thoroughly ripe before cutting It. In n largo
wire frame is exposed the root system OF u corn
plant: the roots have spread themse 80 |
thoroughly through tho earth. and come 80
near TO Its surface that tho Injury which close
md deep Dloughing can do Is clearly accounted |
Ior. In an adjoining case Is model OF WELL |
built silo: this attracts good deal OF atten- |
Hon. When silos were first introduced in this |
country they were usually filled with green