The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1893-03-23
c. c. coLrMBIAN CIRCLE.
Prize Papers and Prize Winners and Prizes
Yet to Come.

Prize Papers and Prize Winners and Prizes
Yet to Come.
Prizes are offered for the best papers on any
subjects announced such papers TO be mailed TO
Kate y. Sherwood, Caution. o., not less than two
weeks before the date OF publication Notes of in
terest on the Worlds Fair are invited from all
those Interested in the subject.
THIRTEENTH PAPER. MARCH 30.
l. What is electricity. and when, WHERE and by
whom first discovered?
. What are the great American electrical inven-
tons?
g. Who are the greatest American electricians.
living and dead?
l. What will be the extent of the electrical ex.
hbi;s 81 the Worlds Fair?
FOURTEENTH PAPER, APRIL 6.
l. What is paper aud when where and by whom
first used?
2. What articles are made from paper?
FIFTEENTH PAPER, APRIL i3
l. What is the history OF music, and what prog.
ress had if made ia Colunbus's time?
2. What nations excel in music and musical COM
POSITION
3. What progress has America made in innsicp
T. What viii be the musical features Of the COM
ing Worlds Fair?
SIXTEENTH PAPER, APRIL 20.
]. When and where coal first used rs a fuel?
W are tue grew 'Dsti Oh America.
B. What are The uses OF coal, and how has Il ad.
vanced civilization
SEVENTEENTH PAPER APRIL q.
l. What is sugar. and from what is it NADER
q Which are the sugar producing countries of
the world?
3. VIVA. is The extent OF the sugar industries of
the United States?
TWELFTH PRIZE PAPER.
copy of " Campfire aud Memorial Poems" has
been awarded TO Mrs. Dene Giddings. Hebron, H.,
for the best Twelfth Paper, Columbian series. on
COAL OIL AND ITS PRODUCTS.
/ What is petroleum, and when dscoveredr
2. Tell Of its history and products.
Coal OIL or petroleum. takes it, name from the
Latin word petra rock and oieBfd, oil. That il is
formed 10y Il process OF distiilaiion of coal
not Ice subsantated a fact, there being traces
of heat 10 be found where petroleum abounds. IL
IS now generally attributed to deeomposed vege-
table and mineral matter mixed in finely grant,
lated condition with clay.
Petroleum a substance has been known for
ages. bat as useful product il WAS not developed
iil 1873. Evidence of the Of petroleum early
a. the time when Nlneysh and Babylon fiourished
are found in their ruins. Herodotus. $50 years be-
| fore Christ. spoke Of oi-wells and Piny and
Dioscorides both decr'be the oil of Agrigentum
used in lamps aud called Sieilian oil. The fact
that oil-well on one of the Ionian Isles has
yielded oil for 2.000 years demonstrates the
! fact that petroleum Is not a product of modern
! In 1919 an l-we was bored on the Muskinenm
River, o. by mistake the intention being To bare
Tor salt The OF! was tested IA lamps designed for
burning animal snd vegetable oils and OF course
proved unsatisfactory. IL Was considered "A
curse, il greatly reduced the quality of salt OBJ
tained.
Many experiments were made ia the nanufle.
iure Of oil from coal and shale for illuminating
purposes with lamps specially adapted 10 ills use
This successful far producing a good
light. but too expensive to be practicable and
become the universal ilumnant, but it opened the
! way To petroleum.
Ia 1850 James Young. OF Scotland. manufactured
/ parafiis.c OIL which obtained from the mineral
| called bog-head" coal. This operation WAS quite
successful. and the Germans took ap and man
uiacEred u from The same material, or from The
! bltunleuous shales wiici. found in thier
| coUBtry. The enme year Luther Atwood expert
/ mented IN the United States the same class oil
oils aud obtained his coup OIL" The iiEs. factory
| FOR the manufacture Of this lubricant was estab.
| iisldat Newton Greek ia 1854. Within the xt sir
years 10factories were built tie Atlantic borders
and OHIO had 3.