davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
REVOLUTION = BORN GOVERN
MENTS.

The other day Mr.. Davies said that
the Hawaiian sovereignty cannot be
annulled without a ballot. Naturally
enough we pointed out that higher
power than the ballot had annulled it
already, and that British law and pre-
Cedent could not be found to support
Mr. Davies view Of the case. An
illustration has occurred to US since OF
settled international acceptance OF a
power-republican at that-whlch had
been established by force of arms even
against the direct majority vote OF the
people. Take the example of Chile.
In the late war the rebels were min
ority of the population holding the
better part of the feet. During the
progress of the trouble two-thirds OF
the Chilian people held the constltu-
tional election and chose Claudio
Vicuna President. Soon after this the
rebels captured Valparaiso and Santiago
and drove Vcuna out of the country
andthe departing President, Balmaceda,
to the refuge of suicide. The next
step was to install Jorge Mont as pres
ident without the formality of ballot
According to the theory advanced by
Mr. Davies, the Balmaceda-Vicuna
administration, which was born o.
purely constitutional methods, was moi
annulled from want of a legal election
of the Mont Government, The British
and American Foreign offices, however
took a different view Of the case and
fastened to recognize President Mont
and to accord to his government the
respect due it as legal form OF rule
Chile is now as much an independent
member of the worlds family Of nations
as it was in Balmaceda'S palmlest days.
The lawful commentary which such a
fact makes upon the Davies plan to 60
back of the January revolution here to
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
LEFT TO SPLIT HAIRS.


The Bulletin has made a discovery
which would do credit in stateCraft to
some OF the courters in Gilbert and
Sulivan's "Mikado." 1t is that Presl-
dent Cleveland when he wrote to his
good friend. President Dole that
Minister Willis would strive to advance
the interests and prosperity of both
Governments in a way to make himself
acceptable to the chief Of the Pro-
vlslonal one, did not mean Govern
ments at all, but only "the governed"
The ingenuity of this is equal to tina,
of the man who found out that "chest-
nut horse" was nothing but another
phrase for "horse chestnut" Even if
''the governed" had been the object Of
President Clevelands address, the
policy affecting them would still, as per
instructions, have to be of character
TO commend the new Minister TO Presi-
dent Dole. 1t is hardly probable that
Mr. Cleveland could expect the Pro-
visional executive to be satisfied with
anything less than policy of respect
to his administration. AS to the assur
ances of goodwill to the prosperity Of
the Hawaiian Islands, what is that but
the ordinary phrasng of diplomacy
which was used, for example, to com
mend Ambassador Eustis to the good
will of "the Government and people OF
France" Possibly some supplemented
Bonapartists and Orleanists thought
that they were "the people" to whom
the compliment was paid in spite of the
fact that the American Government in
accrediting its Ministers, is not accus-
toned to pay respects to the
domestic enemies of the power whose
favor and hospitality have been thus
invoked
However, in view of the fact that
Minister Willis came accredited to the
Provisional Government under the
terms of the full recognition which the
United States have accorded it; and
nasmuch as all his credentials and
communication have been friendly and
respectful to the powers that be, it is a
waste of time to handy words with The
Bulletin over the text of his policy.
We may merely remark that the Gov,
eminent party is far better satisfied
with it and with the general outlook
than the Restorationists can be. For
them there is not glimmer of hope
left in the whole field Of politics.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
ITEMS OF INTEREST.

When examined under a microscope
milk is found to consist Of numberess
transparent gobnlcs of very minute size,
floating in a clear colorless fluid. These
globules are composed Of milk fat
(butter) and they are each included by
a thin envelope of albuminous material
termed Casein.
An order, whose motto is "AmeriCa
for Americans" is in convention at
Des Muines, Iowa. Its principal OBJ
jet is to prevent foreign born citizens
from holding Office and boycott foreign
born business men and foreign institu-
tons The order claims a member
ship Of $4,000 people.
The proprietor Of an English mag
azine offered prizes of $25 to persons
predicting with the greatest accuracy
the number of hours of sunshine and
the number of hours of rain for the
ensuing week. He was arrested and
fined $I25, the Judge ruling that it was
merely form of lottery.
A Hindoo baby is named when it is
twelve days old, and usually by the
mother Sometimes the father wishes
for another name than that selected by
the mother. In that case two lamps
are placed over the two names, and the
name over which the lamp burns the
brightest is the one given the child.
Killkinick or kinikinick, which the
Indians are in the habit of mixing with
tobacco, is rapidly becoming extinct.
Several plants have received this name,
but they have no right to it. The true
herb is the inside bark of young
willow, and when smoked alone makes
a mild and pleasant smoke.
Interesting relics of dead and gone
Indian tribes are the great mounds OF
oyster shells formed along the seaShore
in Southern Delaware. According to
local tradition the NantiCokes of Penn
sylvania were in the habit of wandering
along the seashore in lower Delaware
and of eating an enormous quantity Of
oysters.
Among the letters returned to the
London postofice from abroad this
year was one addressed to Jacob Stainer
Esq, violin maker, Absam, Germany
The writer, who asked to see one OF
the celebrated violin makers price lists
received his letter back with an indorse
ment in English and German to the
effect that the gentleman had been dead
! 200 years.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09

The longer the new American
Minister stays here the more he will be
impressed by the fact that the stories
told about Hawaiian affairs by Charles
Nordhofi were a tissue of malignant
falsehoods. Possibly he has not heard
that Nordhoff's first Hawaiian letter,
in which he told the whole tale upon
which his further screeds were variations,
was dated and mailed the day after he
landed, after an absence of twenty
yeats; and that, in trying to explain his
nervousness away, the Herald cores
pondent made the admission that he
had gathered his material or ship. board
while tn his voyage hither. 1t may
also be news t. the Minister that Nord.
noh kept the local papers busy fol
several days printing his reluctant cards
Of apology to those whom he had
ibelled. No doubt Mr. Willis read
the Nordhoff correspondence, and as
it is within his power now to contrast
that writer's averments with the facts a.
they exist, he will be able to see to how
great an extent the reform cause here
has been falsifed before the American
| nublC
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
SCHEDULE.


Poi, per ID 5000 lbs more or less per month. }
Fresh Meat, per Id.
Hard Bread Medium, per Id.
Bread, fresh, ID loaves, per loaf.
Salmon, (red) (6 to bbls per month"; per Dbl.
Tea, per ID.
Coffee, per ID (Kona in beam.
Beans, per ID (red)
Potatoes, per ID.
Onions, per lot.
Rice, No. 1, per bag Of 100 lbs.
Bar Soap, (brown) per lb
Sugar No. 2, per Id.
Milk, per quart
Straw Hats, (small) per doc g doz per month";.
Blue Denim, per yard.
Brown Denim, per yard.
Canvas, No. l, per yard.
Blankets, per pair (small).
Kerosene Oil, per case, cases per month.
Galvanized Iron Buckets, per doz, - and ID
inches.
| Yard Brooms (rattan) per doz.
Lime, per Dbl, l to 2 bbls per month.
Cement, per Dbl, to bbs per month
Shoes, (Brogans), doz pairs, (Small), pei
month, per pair.
California Wheat Hay, large bale, per ton.
Oats, (good white OATS, per ton.
Sole Leather, per lbs
| IoI-3t
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
SALE OF LEASE OF GOVERNMENT
LAND IN HAMAKUA, HAWAII

On TUESDAY, December Sth, 1893, at IL
o'clock noon, at the front entrance OF the
Executive Building will be sold at Public
Auction, the lease of the Government Lot
mauka of Grant 2S32, Hamakua, Hawaii
containing an area of 81 2-Io acres, little
more or less.
Terms-Lease for 20 years.
Upset price $50 per annum, payable semi
annually in advance.
j. A. KING,
Minister of the Interior.
Interior Office, Nov. l, 1893. IS7'3t
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
SALE OF TENANCY AT WILL OF GOV.
EMINENT LAED At LAiMi, MuUANu

On TUESDAY, December 5th, 1893, at 2
o'clock noon, at the front entrance OF the
Executive Building will be sold at Public
Auction, the Tenancy at will of portion Of
the Government Lot at Laim, Nuuanu Valley,
Honolulu, Oahu, containing an area Of ~
acres, a little more or less.
Terms;-Tenancy from year to year until
such time as the Minister OF the Interior may
wish to terminate the same by giving 90 days
notice.
Upset price $40 per annum, payable semi
annually in advance.
j. A. KING,
Minister Of the Interior.
Interior Office, Nov l, 1893. 1875
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
Up authority.
SEALED TENDERS.

Sealed Tenders will be received at the
office Of the Minister of the Interior till IL
O'Clock noon on WEDNESDAY, November
~, 1898, for the erection of Jail at Homo.
kaa, Hamakua, Hawaii. Specifications and
plans at the Office Of the Superintendent Of
Public Works, also at office of !. w. Moana.
uli, Deputy Sheriff Of Hamakua.
All tenders must be endorsed "Tender for
Honokaa Jail"
The Minister Of the Interior does not bind
himself to accept the lowest or any bid.
!. A. KING,
Minister OF the Interior.
1876
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09

Tenders will be received at the Attorney
Generals Office until IL o'clock noon on
TUESDAY, the 2Sth day of November, 1898
for furnishing the Oahu Prison for one year
beginning on Friday, the list day Of December
1893, with the following supplies at such times
and in such quantities as may be required.
The Marshal or such other officer as he may
designate, will make the acquisitions, and all
supplies will be subject to his inspection and
approval.
The amounts set opposite certain items in
the schedule are the approximate requirements
per month, but all the supplies are to be fur.
nished as required by the MARSHALL.
The contractor will be required to furnish
suitable bond for the faithful performance o.
his contract.
All tenders must be distinctly marked
blenders for Supplies Oahu Prison"
The Attorney General does not bind himself
to accept the lowest or any bid.
VIM. o. SMITH,
Attorney General.
Attorney. Generals Office, Nov. 7, 1893.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
ADVERTISING RATES :
THURSDAY, NOV. 9, 1898

He will constantly endeavor to
advance the interests and pros
perity of both GOVERNMENTS
and so render himself acceptable
to Your Excellency. - Cleveland to
Dole, Accyediting Minister Willis.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
Insomnia Parties.

A society young woman of this city
has devised novel entertainment,
which is shortly to be made public. 1t
is to be reception for people who
can't sleep at night" Among her
friends, she says, are a great many
very delightful people who are troubled
with insomnia, and who confess that
they spend many frightful, wakeful
hours walking the floor, looking out of
the window, rocking in easy chairs, try
ing to read or write aud in other use
less and tiresome occupations.
When her plans are folly natured
this original young woman intends on
at least two nights in every week to be
sat home" to those distressed female
friends from midnight until morning.
The guests are requested to appear in
any unique respectable bedroom gown,
bath robes not excluded; the lights are
to be dim, soothing music and stupid
conversation will be the only diversion
permitted, hot chocolate and light
waters will be served, CouChes and easy
chairs will be provided in abundance,
and the insomnia victims are earnestly
desired to fall asleep as soon as
possible.
1t is whispered that prizes will be
offered FIR the first snore, but this
detail is not automatically announced.
The reception is to be fact, however,
and an eager expectancy as to invita-
tons is in the air Courier journal.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
SALE OF LEASE OF THE REMNANTS
OF THE GOVERNMENT LANDS OF
PUUHAOA, WAIALUA, AND kOALl
HAMA MAUI

On TUESDAY, December ), 1893, at
IL o'clock noon, at the front entrance OF the
Executive Building will be sold at Public
Auction, the lease of tn, remnants OF the
Government lands of Puuhaoa, Waialua and
Koali, Hama, Maui, containing an area Of 600
acres, little more or less.
Terms:-Lease for 20 years.
Upset Price SIS per annum payable semi
annually in advance.
These lands will be leased under the condi-
ton that no cutting Of timber or pasturng will
be allowed thereon.
]. A. KING,
Minister of the Interior.
Interior Office, Oct. 3rst, 1893. iSo-3t
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
TOM REED in CALIFORNIA.
How the Ex-Czar Of the House Was
y. Admitted to the Bar.

MIR. Reed soon gave up school teach
ing and, thinking that ii young man
would have a better chance out West,
he went to California. Judge Wallace,
afterward Chief Justice of California,
examined Reed for admission to the
bar 1t was in '63, during the civil
war, when the Legal Tender act was
much discussed in California, where a
gold basis was still maintained, that
Wallace, whose Office adjoined the one
where Reed was studying, happened in
one day and said, "N1r. Reed, under
stand you want to be admitted to the
bar Have you studied law?" eyes,
sir; | studied law in Maine while teach
ing" "Well," said Wallace, 81 have
one question to ask. Is the Legal
Tender act constitutional" Eyes, "
said Reed. "You shall be admitted to
the bar" said Wallace. Tom Bodley,
a deputy sheriff vino had legal asplra-
tions, was asked the same a. esiion, and
he said "No" 1--WE will admit you
both, for anybody who can answer off
hand question like that ought to
practice law in this country. "--Mc-
Cures Magazine.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09

find out the wishes of the defeated
party, and thereby, possible, delegalize
the arbitrament of arms, needs no
special Interpretation.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
BY AUTHORITY.
SALE OF STRIP OF GOVERNMENT
LAND SOUTH SLOPE PUNCHBoWL
HILL, HONOLULU, OAHU.

On TUESDAY, December s, 1893,
at II O'Clock noon, at the front entrance Of
the Executive Building, will he sold at Public
Auction, strip of Government land rear OF
lot recently sold to f. smith, south slope
Punchbowl Hill, Honolulu, Oahu, containing
an area Of 1875 square fee, little more or
less.
Upset price $50 90. w
j. A, KING,
Minister Of the Interior.
interior Office, Oct. 3Tst, 1893 lSo'p
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09

The Bulletin noted an item in the
STARS stereotyped miscellany the other
day to the effect that the standing
army of Hawaii has sixty-four men and
three generals. Doubtless the editor
of the stereotyped matter had the old
Royal army in mind-a force of lay
figures and bedizened sword bearers,
chiefly remembered for the glitter OF
its front in peace and the neutral color
of its back in times of domestic
trouble. 1t would pay the Bulletin
not to STIR up "reminiscences Of that
Falstaftian corps-so emblematic in its
pretentious humbuggery Of the Govern.
ment that employed it.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09

Mr.. WILLIAM LAA, has been this day
appointed Luna Of the Government Lands in
Nuuanu Valley, with authority to eject all
trespasse, without written permit from the
Interior Office. And also with authority to
take up and impound all estrays on the Gov
eminent lands and public highways from Judd
Street to the Pail of Nuuanu, vice Stephen
Won Berg removed.
J. A. KING,
Minister Of the Interior
Interior Office, Nov. g, 1903. IoI.3t.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
& HOURS
1900
$1,000.
Did You Ever

stop To
consider the advantages in using
typewriter
Its the exception to have bust,
ness letter from abroad that is not
typewriter. There's some good
reason, and business men have
found it. Suppose you write 6
hours day averaging 20 words Per
minute, you will write 1900 words
or "a pages. Use the Caligraph
and at end of 6 hours IL pages will
be neatly written. Besides, if you
wish, you can make 8 copies at
once on the Callgraph by manifold
ing. The Caligraph is generally
admitted TO be the very best mani
folder owing to strength Of arms.
The action is direct; there are no
complicated contortions performed
before the type strike the desired
impression.
Two machines delivered to pur-
chasers this week. Call or write
DESKS go to>
81 81, fss ! 5:::'i.; Hobron Agent
Buy maChine>
on my liberal in Fart Marrbant Me
stallment plan. iV' "o''n"' p'''
1t will pay you.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
Interior Office, Oct. 3rst, 1893. is6.3t
SALE OF GOVERNMENT LAND AT
LAIMI, NUUANU VALLEY, HOMO
LULU, OAHU.

On TUESDAY, December 5, 1893, at
I2 o'clock noon, at the front entrance of the
Executive Building will be sold at Public
Auction, Government Lot at Laimi, Nuuanu
Valley, Honolulu, Oahu, containing an area
of "a acres, little more OF less.
Upset price, $2oo.ro.
]. A. KING,
Minister OF the Interior.
Inferior Office. Oct. 2Ist, 1903. 1856. 81
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09

WALTER G.. SMITH, Managing Editor.
HAS. w. DAY, Business Manager.
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09
SEALED TENDERS.

Interior Office, Nov. 6, 1893. Io
The Hawaiian star. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu]) 1893-1912, 1893-11-09

Interior Office, Oct. 3Ist, 1898. IS63t
The weekly Thibodaux sentinel and journal of the 8th Senatorial District. [volume] (Thibodaux, Lna. [i.e. La.]) 1875-1898, 1893-05-20
LIST OF PATENTS

Granted to Southern Inventors this
week. Reported by c. A. Snow 81 Co.
Solicitors of American and Foreign
Patents, Opp. U. S. Patent Office,
Washington, d. C..
c. E. Bean. Cha :tanoOga, Tenn
Car-Coupling. j. w. Berry. Hatties-
burg, Miss. Nut-lock. }. G. Bryan,
Atlanta, Ga. interchangeable tire and
sleeve journal for carwheels. j. F.
Collins, Oak Park, Va. Raising or low
ering device for buggy tops. S.
Fredlander, Memphis, Tenn. Coat
foim. J. w. a. E. c. Glover, Randall
Ark. Animal trap. r. c. Groom. Cobb
Ky. Buggy top. M. NJ. Hit, Luray,
Va. Fountain attachment for pens. j..
b, Hughes, Jasper, Ala. Car coupling.
J. A. Lapeyre, New Orleans. La. Rae
ing book, sheet, or card. NJ. j. Nc
Burnett, Wedowee, Ala. Plow STAN
dard. S. l.. McColloch, Wheeling, w.
Va. Moving machine. A. w. McKin-
non. Blanchard Spring. Ark. Saw gum
mer. J.P. Meyer & IL. Carlton, Bal
timore, Md. Die for shaping double
tapered metal bars. a. Ii. Perry,
Louisville, Ky. Alright cover for
vessels j. V Pitcher. Louisville, Ky.
Organ stop-action. w. q. Prewitt.
Lexington, Ky. Contact for under
ground electric railways. J. B. Rid
die, Morgantield, Ky Car-eoupling.
w. p. Sloan, Knoxville, Tenn. Book
binding. j. V. Upinston, Lexington,
Ky. Sulky. j. S. Veal, Rome, 6.
Pencil holder, f. Winner, Crabbot.
tom. Va Nail.
The weekly Thibodaux sentinel and journal of the 8th Senatorial District. [volume] (Thibodaux, Lna. [i.e. La.]) 1875-1898, 1893-05-20

Two new comers have made their
bow in the journalistic arena, aud Of
fered themselves for public patronage.
One of them, the elder, is 1.-The Eran-
geline." hailing from st. Martinsville,
and fathered 10y that veteran in jour
nalism, Carlos, Greig. 1t is small in
stature as yet !; speaks th~ French ard
English languages, and Rolds foatll
promise of better things in the near
future. If we may judge from appear
ance, the gcangeline aims to become
a journal of the people J; it tiannts tue
motto "Aior PopaIi, aor Del
The other candidate for popular
favor halls from the heighboring town
of Breaux Bridge. and sails ander the
pretentious name Of the VALLEY Of the
I'echa." 1t is under the editorial con-
troll of Charles Delhommer and the
management Of Lee Begnaud. and is
the most uimlnutive visitor on our ex-
change table. 1t. too, already speaks
the two languages of Southern Lou
isiana, and gives evidence of a vigol
and vitality which bid fair to carry i
to success.
The SENTINEL. extends its best wish
es to the "Valley Of the 1eche" and t
l"The Euaageline.n
The weekly Thibodaux sentinel and journal of the 8th Senatorial District. [volume] (Thibodaux, Lna. [i.e. La.]) 1875-1898, 1893-05-20
A Strange Ceremony.

Ten thousand women, all Catholics,
aud from many widely separated
points and several states, performed a
strange ceremony on Mount Adams, a
prccipitous hill in the eastern portion
ot Cinciuuatti, its crest being 600 feet
above the rivers level. About half
way up series of wooden steps and
landings exceeding SEQ in number
leads IL ii small Catholic church. In
the church is Il statue of st. Francis,
brought from France. said to possess
miraculous powers aud never refusing
to grant the prayers of those who
once a year on II stated day approach
the sanctuary i'll proper form.
This form prescribes that only Wo-
men may come, and that each mnst
crawl on her knees from the bottom OF
the stails to the altar of the church,
where, after remaining three hours in
absolute silence, each snppllcant pas
sing out of a side door, leaves al
aims and .receives in return Il bless
in. from bare footed monk. Al
each step in the stairway the suppli
cant must say "Hail, ry.'-NeN
York Freeman's Journal.
The weekly Thibodaux sentinel and journal of the 8th Senatorial District. [volume] (Thibodaux, Lna. [i.e. La.]) 1875-1898, 1893-05-20
STATE OF LOUISIANA.
Clerks Office Parish of La
fonrche.

l. the undersigned Clerk of Court and
Ex-Otficio Recorder of Mortgages and Con
veyau oes in and for the Parish of LalOurche,
State of Louisiana do hereby certify tuat the
above and foregoing is true and correct
copy of the original act of incorporation on
file, and was duly recorded IN Miscellaneous
Book No. 81 toios 700 ct seq and of record
i'll my office. on this lst day of Nay 1893.
~ } In faith whereof, grant these pre-
LIS. sents under my signature and the
(-~~J impress of my official seal this lst
day OF May, A. D., 1893
CHARLES j. BARKER.
Clerk of Court and Recorder OF Mortgages
and COnveyances.
The weekly Thibodaux sentinel and journal of the 8th Senatorial District. [volume] (Thibodaux, Lna. [i.e. La.]) 1875-1898, 1893-05-20
RAILROAD SCHEDULE.

1st train leaves ThiGodaux at s a..
M, connections at Schrieyer with New
Orleans train, and arrives at lo:45
a. IN.
2nd Train leaves Thibodaux at 2:4O
ID. M. connects at Schriyer with East
and West trains, and arrives at 800
p. IN.
Mail closes 30 minutes before the
departure of the trains.
One mail IRON New Orleans arrives
in Thibodaux at 10:45 IL. m, and two
mails leave ThibodauX for New Or
leans, one at IL. H., and the other al
2:40 p. III,
The weekly Thibodaux sentinel and journal of the 8th Senatorial District. [volume] (Thibodaux, Lna. [i.e. La.]) 1875-1898, 1893-05-20

r. X. Mcbride president: A. +. kno-
bloch, superintendent and secretary A..
.Jbraud, Numa Elfcr Chas. 5 Math-
.ews, Jules Orilli on, W Z. Howell, }. l..
Leblanc, Emi4e Toups.
THlbvpAUx BRIDGE COMMITTEE.
w. C Raglan. president; Chas. }. Ral
ker, secretary Flank Zernott, h. ".
.labo,. E. u. Morvant, Emile l.