The evening world., 1893-12-19

understand them. and that the rates OF
AVIATION should be dictated by the self
ishness and greed OF those who are TO
receive the lakes.
INDUSTRY AIDED FIRST.
We have believed that the first step
towards n reform OF the tarin should
be a release of taxes oil the materials
OF industry.
There can be no substantial and bene-
hcial reduction upon the necessary cloth
ing and other comforts OF the American
people, nor any substantial and bene-
n ,ai endorsement OF the field of Ameri-
can labor. so long as we tax materials
ana processes of production.
LIVERY tax upon the producer falls
with increased force on the consumer.
Every tax on the producer In this coun-
try Is a protection to his competitors
IN all other countries. and SO narrows
ms market as to limit the number and
lessen the wages of those to whom he
can Civ employment.
Every cheapening in the cost or en-
largement of the supply OF his raw ma.
terials, while primarily inuring to the
benefit of the manufacturer himself,
passes under free competition immediate.
~ and passes entirely to the consumer,
who very soon gets even more benefit
out of 1t than such reductions seem to
carry, because with the rapid widening
of his market the manufacturer Is able
to sell at a smaller profit.
LEGISLATION FOR THE CONSUMER
1t is, therefore, a very narrow and
short-sighted view which pos tina,
we release tire duties on iron ore and
coal and wood and other like articles
for the benefit of those who manufacture
our iron, steel. woollen and other fab
RIGS.
We are lcgislating for the great mill.
ions of consumers beyond them. n for
the scores Of thousands of laborers to
whom they may thus give steady and
well paid employment.
1T is no less a narrow and short-sighted
view that supposes that a removal of the
tarin duties on such necesaaries Of In.
dustry will infict any real loss upon
those who produce them In u owr
country.
WIDENING THE MARKETS.
The enlargement of markets for our
products In other countries, the increase
on the Internal commerce and In. the
carrying trade. of our country, will In.
sure a growing home market for al
these things that will quickly ~outstrir
anything they could have under the pro.
tective system.
Iron and coal are the basis of modern
industry. The abundance n cheapnes,
Of their supply offers in many lines o.
productions the manufacturing suprem
acy of the world.
While the mines Of other countries arr
becoming exhausted and the cost Of min
ing in consequence /. increasing we ar,
constantly III ~ uSNNiopiit
new sources of supply.
The discovery OF the immense beds o.
Bessemer ores in the Lake region anc
of foundry ors in several Of the South
portation and for the assemblage Of
materials. the use Of the steam shove
In mining-all these have so %cheapenec
as to take away all possibility and dan
ger of foreign competition in almos
every part of the country.
COAL PRODUCTION EXTENDED.
Not less rapid has been the growth o
our coal production. The existing dut.
OF 10 cents a ton on iron ore and oil
bituminous coal cannot be justified
either as a protective or a revenu,
duty. The importations into this coun
try are too small to add materially t.
our revenue. while nc one contends tina
the cost of mining is higher in tn
United States, than in the countries thu
might seek Our market.
1t so rsula he en v haye been beer Intended tia
freedom, OF internal trade among tn,
States should countenance laws that holC
one section Of the Union. however re
supplies OF those necessary material
whose location is ordained by natura
law and not by human choice
WOOL TARIFF A HAMPER.
This House In two Congresses in recen
years he wing, after full debate. passet
"ooh opoi thC lIec llSt, i
Is not deem necessary in this report t
attempt a restatement of the reason
for doing SO. It is enough to say tina
hampered our manufa curing industr.
and made cruel and relentless war upoI
the health. the comfort and the produc
tive energy Of the American people.
FREE LUMBER.
Logs are already on the free-list. w
nave gone a step farther. and put un
dressed lumber generally on that list
This may serve to cheaper and improv
the dwelling-house of some of our PEG
pie. but It Is justified IL it shall accom-
Id destruction of American forests.
FREE HEMP AND FLAX.
We have also placed hemp and fla:
unhackled On the free list, for the rea
sons stated above. that we may Civ
to the American w%orkingman untaxe,
material to work upon and hat We ma,
give the finished product. as far as pos
sible, to the consumer with but a singl
tax, and that a moderate one, instea,
of a medley and emulation Of take
gathered during the process of produc
ton.
In addition to these so-called raw ma
%terials we have released from tariff
manufactures which we have show,
our capacity to produce cheaper thai
any other country. such as pig copper an
the more important agricultural nipple
lNillS
Any article or manufacture which cal
sustain the competition of like foreigl
articles In other markets can defy sucl
competition in the home market, and 1
not protected by the duty, but by It
own intrinsic superior cheapness an
quality.
THE EFFECT OF NEEDLESS DUTIE!
rhe only effect Of a duty on such ar
ticles is to enable those who make then
to charge higher prices to the citizen
of their own country than they charg
to foreigners. and this has been motor
iously the case with both copper an,
many agricultural implements.
In adjusting duties upon what may b
called the finished products we hav
tried to impose such rates as will no
destroy or distress any of our HON
industries on the one hand, no
on the other secure to them an oppres
sive monopoly of the home market. Flo
this rule we W. the recognized au
thority both of ~well-known and leadin
Tariff reformers and of those who Il
days past were considered moderat
protectionists..
The report here quotes from speeche
of the late Senator Beck. Mr.. Carlisle
the late President Garfield and Senate
Sherman.
IMPORTANT CHANGES.
A few only of the most importan
changes made in the dutiable list nee,
be here enumerated:
In the earthenware schedule, we ha v
made substantial reductions, leayjnI
rates as high as were deemed necessar
in he war tariff. In common windo,