davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-01-02
7lG Sunday Gazette for 1883.

II impossible page space especially good
things provided for SUNDAY GAZETTE addition
local domestic fogn printed
what patrons SUNDAY GAZETTE
the following sample what It's
Three Great Adventure Novels.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVSONS serial
ped Tho oscapao thrilling
Baiour the hero powerfully Began Dec
CAPT CHARLES KINGS entitled, Ambush
life on the frontier in Indian fighting be the
Stevenson serial concludes and twelve weeks
CLARK RUssEs story ship
girl he engaged disguises
herself boy and hides aboard the convict ship exciting cpl
sodes such muny try capture
ship
Popular Articles on Health and Hygiene.
DIR JOHN BILLINGS,
ss Wonders OF Modern Surgery What Everybody Should Know About
Consumption
DR. BENJAMIN WARD RICHARDSON
surgeon Health and Hygiene for everyday Readers"
The Training @
Tho Ideal
doal Foods Feeoding
How Not to Grow Old or Preparing Old Ago.
Unsolved Problems in Medicine etc
THE TEA TENTo THE INCUBATION EXPERIMENTS
going the New York Hospital
William T. Bull
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-01-02
THE SUNDAY GAZET

Will be sent by mail poslpai
any address for $500 a ysr
advance, or 81. 90 for six mos
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-01-02
The Youths Department.

w. D. HowelIs
Cen. O. O. Howard
John Burroughs
Helen Gladstone
Sir Robert Bali
Rose Kingsley
Bret Harto
Mrs. Burnett
Richard Harding Davis
Francis Parkman
Camille Flammarlon
Henry Cabot Lodge
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-01-02
The Problems Of Electricity.

OSCAR Crosby recently speed one hundred and twenty
miles an hour Two Hundred Mios by Electricity.
DIR LOUIS BELL formerly Electrical World Long Distance Trans
mission OF Electrical Power
f DUNCAN Of Johns Hopkins University Storage Electrical
Power Tho author experimental very sueo IN this
~ - w
he liant $500
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1893-01-02
The Woman'S Page.

Care and Training OF Children
Toilo, and Caro- OF tho Person
Fashions and Fabrics
Open Air Life and Physical
Training
Etiquette and Ethlcs
Hygiene and Sanitation
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
the air and dust. The longer any sub

the air and dust. The longer any sub
stance to be eaten is exposed to the
air, the greater the chance that germs
will be deposited on it. Bread raised
with yeast is worked down or kneaded
twice before being baked and this pro-
cess may take anywhere from four
hours to ten. 1t has, then, the chance
of collecting disease germs during this
process of raising and it has two peri
DDS of working down or kneading dur
ing each of which it may gather the
dirt containing the germs from the
bakers hands. AS no bread save that
raised with yeast, goes through this
long process of raising and kneading
so no bread save that raised with yeast
has so good chance of gathering
germs.
What is meant by raising bread is
worth a few words. The introduction
of the yeast into the moist dough and
the addition of heat when the pan is
placed near the fire produces an eDor-
nous growth of the yeast fungi-the
yeast germ" in other words These
fungi effect destructive fermentation
of a portion of the starchy matter of
the hour-one of the most valuable
nutrient elements in the -four. The
fermentation produces carbonic acid
gas, and this, having its origin in
every little particle of the starch
which is itself everywhere in the -four.
pushes aside the particles of the dough
to give itself room. This is what is
called raising the bread.
1t needs but glance to see that it
is, in its effects on the dough, purely
mechanical. The dough, which was
before close-grained mass. is now
full of little holes, and when cooked in
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
SOME SANITARY ASPECTS OF
BREAD MAKING.
BY CYRUS EPSON, N. D. !,

Health Commissioner, New York City II
It.is necessary, if one would under
stand the sanitary aspectaSSof bread
making, to fully comprehend the pres
ent theory held by scientists of germs
and the part played by them in disease.
The theory of disease germs is merely
the name given to the knowledge had
of those germs by medical men, a
knowledge which is the result of in
Vulnerable experiments Being this,
the old term of a theory has become
q misnomer. A germ of disease is
plant, so small that l do not know
how to express intelligibly to the gem
,eral reader its lack of size. When this
germ is introduced into the blood
or tissues of the body, its ac-
ton appears to be analogous to that
which takes place when yeast is added
to dough. 1t attacks certain elements
of the blood or tissues, and destroys
them, at the same time producing new
substances.
But the germs of the greater part of
the germ diseases, that is, of the infec-
tious and contagious diseases, will de-
velop or Increase in number without
being in the body of a human being,
provided always you give them the
proper conditions. These conditions
are to be found in dough which is be-
ing raised with yeast. They are
warmth, moisture and the ors anic
matter of the flour on which the germs,
after certain changes, feed.
1t is necessary to remember at this
point that yeast is germ growth, and
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17

when introduced into a mixture of g1u-
cose or starch, in the presence of
warmth and moisture sets up fer
mentation. If the mixture be starchy
dough the yeast first changesa portion
of the starch into glucose and then de-
composes the glucose by changing it
into two new substances, viz, carbonic
acid gas and alcohol.
Now the gluten, which is also con-
;stituent of dough and moist starch,
affords, with the latter, an excellent
indus for the development of germs of
disease as we'll as for the yeast germs.
The germs of cholera, as of typhoid
fever, would, if introduced into dough,
find very favorable conditions for their
growth.
do not wish to pose as an alarm
list, nor am I willing to say there is
very much chance of the germs of
typhus and of cholera reaching the
stomachs of the people who eat bread
which has been raised with yeast.
But while | am not afraid that cholera
and typhus will be greatly spread by
yeast-raised bread, / have not the
slightest cause to doubt that other dis
eases have been and will be carried
about in the bread.
have met journeymen bakers, suf-
fering from cutaneous diseases, work
ing the dough in the bread trough with
naked hands and arms. 1 suppose I
need scarcely say this was put stop
to in very short order. I have no rea-
son to suppose bakers are less liable to
cutaneous diseases than are other
men, and I know, as every house
wife knows, yeast-raised bread
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17

this condition is what we ordinarily
call light. This porous quality Of
bread enables the stomach to rapidly
and easily digest it, for the gastric
juices quickly soak into and attack it
from all sides. The fermentation of
the dough, however, uses up portion
of the nutrient elements of the loaf.
IT it be possible, therefore, to produce
light porous loaf without this de-
struction and without the ''kneading"
process, which fills the dough with
germs and filth, and without the long
period during which the raising process
goes on, the gain in food and the gain
in the avoidance Of the germs is ex-
ceedingly plain. *
But while we can easily see the dan
gers which attend the use of yeast tits
certain that the vesiculating effect
produced by it on the dough is to the
last degree perfect. By this mean
that every particle of gluten produces
its little bubble of gas and that there
fore the bread is properly raised that
is, it is raised everywhere. It is APP
parent that if we are to substitute any
other system of bread making uo 1aa,.et
have one which will give us, first, me-
chanical results equally as good, that
is, that will produce minute bubbles of
carbonic acid gas throughout the.mass
of dough. Now it is in no way diff
cult to produce carbonic acid gas chem
ically, but when we are working at
bread we must use such chemicals as
are perfectly healthful. Fortunately
these are not hard to find
The evils which attend the yeast
made bread are obviated by the use of
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
HOW FACE THE MORROW7

II the days brief pain and passing care
Have seemed too much and too hard to bear;
II under Its trivial press and smart
Thou hast failed in temEer and lost in heart;
II the undiscouraged, journeying sun,
AS 1t sinks to it's rest with it's travail done,
Leaves thee all spent with trouble ana
How shalt thou face the harder tomorrow!
II the things familiar daunt thee SO,
How shalt thou deal with an unknown woel
II conquered by every passing dole,
How build the snews OF thy soul? 5
To stand and SILVER on the brink
OF each recurrent task, and shrink,
Will never harden thee to abide
The waves Of the turbulent JORDAN tide.
Never 8 river but brims and fills
BY the aid OF numberless slender rills;
Never q strength but has grown and fed
With the force OF q weakness conquered;
Never day but is ruled and shaped
By the power OF a yesterday escaped;
And never human soul that grew
BY single resolve to its stature truo.
Winter makes ready for the spring
BY months Of struggle and suffering;
And the victory won from the mortal strife
Strengthens the fiber and pulse OF life
How If the earth, in its chill despair,
Felt that the fight were 100 hard to bear?
Where were the bloom and the vintage then?
Where were the harvest for hungering men?
&c. il the now seem cruel and hard,
Endure it with thoughts Of the nfterward;
And be sure that each task that is clearly set
Is to brace thee for other tasks harder yet
Train the stout muscles of thy will
In the daily grapple with daily ILL.,
TILL strong to wrestle and firm to abide,
Thou shalt smile at the turbulent Jordan tide
Susan Coolidge, in S. S. Times
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17

all homage-it had been of so dou btful
sort. How did this Englishman
wake in her thousand beautiful
things?
Love is Of no nationality" he would
say, smiling. You were born for me,
and I for you the one in France, the
other in England. What matter?''
What did he love in her? Wistfully
she said it.
you yourself The self somehow
knew. .
4 The marquis de Lys, who had left
Nice before his English friend, got q
letter from Euston Leigh in Paris one
day.
You wondered why wouldn't leave
Nice" the Englishman wrote. "You
can't leave you, heart behind you, can
you? married Claudine Daubray this
morning, and we leave for England to-
night. Come and see us. Are you
afraid for me? You need not be. You
laughed at me once for saying there
were twin souls--I know it is true
s But the marquis did not laugh this
time something he guessed of that
night at the Casino.
Those English are fond Of romantic
marriages" he said. 81
And the greatest gambler in Eu-
roper" She has still only one passion.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
being added, the dough is made mp as

being added, the dough is made mp as
quickly as possible and moulded into
the loaves.
These are placed in the oven and
baked. But the very moment che
warmth and moisture attack the mix
ture of cream Of tartar and soda, these
two ingredients chemically combine
and carbonic acid or leavening gas is
evolved. The consequence may be
seen at glance, the bread is raised
during the time it is baking in the
oven, and this is the most perfect of
all conceivable methods of raising it.
Here, then. there is no chance for
germs of disease to get into the dough
and thence into the stomach, more
than that the bread is necessarily as
sweet as possible, there having been
no time during which it could sour.
This involves the fact that the bread
so made will keep longer, as it is less
likely to be contaminated by the germs
that affect the souring process.
1t will be strange if the crowds of
visitors to the worlds fair do not great
ly increase the number of contagious
disease, which we will have to treat.
Under these circumstances is it not
folly of follies to open a single chan
mel through which these germs may
reach us? Is it not the part of wisdom
to watch with the greatest care all
that we eat and drink, and to see that
none but the safest and best methods
are employed in the preparation of our
food? To me it seems as though there
could be but one answer to questions
like these.
have shown the danger Of using
the yeast raised bread, and with this I
have shown how that danger may be
avoided. The ounce of prevention
which in this case is neither diff
ficult nor expensive is certain
ly worth many pounds of cure,
and the best thing about it is
that it may be relied on almost abso-
lutely. Those who during the coming
summer eat bread or biscuits or rolls
made at home with Royal baking
powder may be sure they have abso-
lutely stopped one channel through
which disease may reach them.
NoTE.-Housekeepe desiring informa-
tiOn in regard to the preparation of the
bread which DR.. Edison for sanitary reasons
SO strongly urges for general use, should
write to the Royal Baking Powder Com.
pany, New York.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
1EcLAIMING THE zuYDER ZEE.


How tho Dutch Are Getting Back Again
tho Lost Acres.
It might be thought that the inhabit-
ants Of a land held so precariously who
have to offer constant and unrclaxing
resistance to the rapacity Of the sea,
would be content to do this successes
fully, satisfied to retain their own.
The struggle is, however, vigorously
carried into the aggressor's camp. Day
by day, and foot by foot, the lost acres
are being rewon. Since the thirteenth
century, in East Friesland alone, about
five hundred square miles have at one
time or another been torn away by
storm and food. On the other hand,
three hundred square miles Of cultiva-
BILE soil have been added to this PROV
ince, and this new land is, by the ma
ture of it's constituent elements, the
most fertile in the country.
The composition of this new soil and
the processes of it's formation and de-
posit are subjects upon which there are
some differences of opinion, but the
most generally accepted theory is that
embodied below. Twice day the tide
visits the coast and at each visit leaves
behind it deposit of solid matter
which settles on the foreshore This
substance is according to one writer,
the product of the meeting and mixing
of the fresh water coming from the
land through the ''Siele" or locks which
drain the ground with the salt water
of the North sea. Analysis of the lat
ter shows owing, it is surmised, to the
existence of extensive submarine beds
of clay, calcareous earth, etc, in the
vicinity of the coast-an abnormal
amount of solid constituents. The de-
post, however created, is. extremely
rich.
Itoccurs most plentifully round about
the mouths Of the rivers and canals and
on those parts of the shore where vege-
tation is found, being caught and re-
tanned by the stems and branches OF
the plants. The efforts of the inhab-
itants are directed toward increasing
the amount of this deposit, or, rather,
toward retaining the greatest possible
! quantity of it. With this object, par
auel rows of stakes are driven into the
foreshore, outside, and running out at
right angles to the existing dixie.
These stakes are connected and bound
together by willow branches and twigs,
the whole forming an enormous silt
trap, which catches and keeps the tides
deposits.
Day by day, inch by inch, this ma
terial is increased and solidifes until it
raises itself to the level of the tide. AT
ter time a struggling vegetation APP
pears; and when the entire surface
reaches this condition, and its extent
warrants the expenditure, it is enclosed
by new dixie, and another piece of re.
covered land is added to the balance in
favor of man. Another method, largely
practiced, is that of digging long
trenches parallel to the shore, into
which the deposit falls, to be subse-
quently shoveled landward.-Cham.
| berS' Journal
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
MARRIAGE DoN'Ts.

DON'T forget that marriage is the
foundation of a new family, not the
union of two old ones
DON'T marry anybody till satisfied
that life together will be bearable and
enjoyable as long as both shall live.
DON'T expect marriage to make a
great change in the habits and aims of
a young man--or a young woman
either.
DoN'T marry for physical beauty
alone; for, unless mated with beauty
of mind and spirit, it is truly an apple
of ashes.
DoN'r marry one whose tastes and
ideals in life are SO different from your
own that there could never be single
ness of aim and purpose in the home
Good Housekeeping.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17

must be worked long time. This
is an exceedingly Objectionable
thing from the standpoint of physi-
clan, and for the reasons that the
germs of disease which are in the air
and dust and on stairways and straps
in street cars, are most often collected
on the hands. So well do physicians
know this that there is no ablution
practical equal to that which they I'M
dergo before they perform any kind of
surgical operation. Any person who
has ever kneaded dough understands
the way in which the dough cleans the
hands. In other words, this means
that any germs which may have found
q lodging place on the hands Of the
baker before he makes up his batch Of
bread are sure to find their way into
the dough, and once there, to find all
the conditions necessary for subdi-
vision and growth This is equivalent
to saying that we must rely on heat to
kill these germs, because it is almost
certain that they will be there. Now,
underdone or doughty bread is form
which every man and woman has seen.
It is a belief as old as the hills that
underdone bread is unhealthful This
reputation has been earned for it by
the experience Of countless genera
tions, and no careful mother will wish
her children to eat bread that has not
been thoroughly cooked. The reason
given for this recognized unhealthful-
ness has been that the uncooked yeast
dough is very difficult to digest, and
this reason has value. No one but a
physician would be apt to think of dis
ease germs which have not been killed
during the process Of baking as
cause of the sickness following the
use OF nncooked yeast bread. Yet this
result from this cause is more than
probable. have not the slightest
doubt that could we trace back some
OF the cases of illness which we meet
in our practice we would find that
germs collected by the baker have
found their way into the yeast bread,
that the heat has not been sufficient to
destroy them, that the unlocked yeast
bread has been eaten and with it the
colonies Of germs, that they have:
found their way into the blood and
that the call for our services which
followed, has rounded off this sequence
of events.
I have already pointed out that the
geyms OF disease are to be found in
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
THE BARNARD.

As THE comfort of the animal is de-
stroyed, so is its proitabless reduced.
The time to get rid of old or other
wise improbable animals is before the
pastures fail seriously.
HAVE good shade for the hog lot if
it has to be built of boards and during
haying. It never pays to etswine cook
in the hot sun.
The work team is kept in the best
condition more by regularity and man
ner of feeding than by the greatest
amount of food.
If there is any rule more important
in stock raising than to have the ami
NAL gain something every day from
the time it is born until it is put upon
the market, we have not heard of it.
Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current, 1893-08-17
HOW INSECTS MAKE MUSIC.
Katydids Rub Their Shoulder Blades and
Grasshoppers Strike Their Wings.

Katydids Rub Their Shoulder Blades and
Grasshoppers Strike Their Wings.
Every body is familiar with the music
of the katydid. Here, again, says the
Washington Star, it is the male that
has the voice. At the base of each
wing cover is thin membraneous
plate. He elevates the wing covers
and rubs the two plates together. If
you could rub your shoulder blades to-
gether you could initiate the operation
very nicely.
Certain grasshoppers make sound
when flying that is like watchman's
rattle-clackety-clack, very rapidly re-
peated. There are also some moths
and butterflies. which have voices. The
deaths head" moth makes a noise
when frightened that strikingly re-
sembles the crying of a young baby.
How it is produced is not known,
though volumes have been written on
the subject. The mourning cloak
butterfly dark species with light
border in it's wings makes cry Of
alarm by rubbing its wings together.
The katydids, crickets, grasshoppers
and other musical insects are all ex-
aggerated in the tropics, assuming
giant forms. Thus their cries are pro-
portionately louder. There is an East
Indian cicada which makes remark
ably loud noise- 1t is called by the
natives "dundub," which means drum.
From this name. comes that of the
genus, which is known as dundubia.
This, is one of the few scientific terms
derived from the Sansl1rit.
The ''deathwatch" isa popular name
applied to certain beetles which bore
into the walls and floors of old houses
They make a ticking sound by stand
ing on their hind legs and knocking
their heads against the wood quickly
and forcibly. It is sexual call. Many
superstitions have been entertained re.
speeding the noise produced by these
insects, which is sometimes imagined
to be warning of death.
Entomologists have succeeded in re-
cording the cries of many insects by
the ordinary system of musical nota-
ton. But this method does not show
the actual pitch, which is usually sew
eral octaves above the staff. It mere
~ serves to express the musical inter-
walls. 1t is known with reasonable GER
tainty that many insects have voices
SO highly pitched that they cannot be
heard by the human ear. One evidence
of this fact is that some people can dis
tinguish cries of insects which are not
audible to others.