davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16
Electric Bitters.

This remedy is becoming so well
known and so popular as to need no
special mention. All who have used
Electric Bitters sing the same song of
praisc-A purer medicine does not exist
and it is guaranteed to do all that is
claimed. Electric Bitters will cure all
diseases of the Liver and Kidneys. will
remove Pimples, Boils, Salt Rheum and
other affections caused by impure blood.
Will drive Malaria from tile system
and prevent as well as cure all Malarial
fcvers.--For cure Of Headache, Consti-
patton andIndigestion try ElectricBitters
--Entire satisfaction guaranteed. or
money refunded Price so cts. and 700
per bottle at ITulbmd & Co.'S. drugstore
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16
WEDNESDAY, AUG, 10, 1858.

The remarks of Democratic editors
that 'swool is now on a free trade
basis" can easily prove their asser-
tons by the number of sheep in the
slaughter pens. But how about the
farmers that owned the sheep? Their
industry is destroyed by free-trade
Democracy.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16
LAND OFFICE AT ST. CLOUD, MIMI
TIllV a. 1893

ing named settler has filed notice of his
intention to make final proof in support of
his claim, and that said proof will be
Stevens County, Mimi, at Morris, Mimi,
on Saturday, August 26th, 1893, viz: Julius
Ashenbach, Homestead Application No
oSl9 fol, the ne14 section a. township 125,
range A.
He names the following witnesses to
prove his continuous residence upon and
dick, Henry Heuer, Louis ReSer, Emil
Reker, all of Morris p. o.
A. BARTO,
Register.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16
Before and After Taking.

Before and After Taking.
1892 BEFORE TAKING.
Grandfather's big hat.
Wheat 80 cents to 81 per bushel.
Wool Is cents per pound.
Factories running day and night
to fill orders.
Homestead labor IS to $l8 per day,
and striking for more.
Labor i'll demand and all employed.
1893-AFTER TAKING.
Growers big collar.
Wheat so cents per bushel.
Wool 10 cents per pound.
Factories shut down-gone Demo-
cratic.
Money scarce and hard to obtain.
Labor idle and out of job.
Which did you vote for in 1892?
Exchange.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16


- Stevens, District Court, 18th Judicial
District.
Edna L Corbett, plaintiff, versus-William
Corbett, ACCOMPLISHMENTS
The State of Minnesota to the above
named defendant:
You are hereby summoned and required
to answer the complaint in this action,
which has been filed with the clerk of said
to said complaint on the subscriber, at his
Office in the Village of Morris, County of
Stevens, and State of Minnesota, within
thirty days after the service of this sum-
mons upon you, exclusive of the day of
such service, and If you fail to answer the
said complaint within the time aforesaid,
the court for the relief demanded in the
complaint.
Dated August Sd, "A. d. 1893.
GEO. E. DARLING,
aug9 Plaintiffs Attorney, Morris, Mimi.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16
MINNESOTA
STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS
AT
WINONA, NANKATO, ST. CLOUD AND
M0ORHEAD.

These schools are organized for the train
ing of teachers for the common schools of
ORGANIZATIoN.-Each school conlpris-
eS two departmentS-th Normal Depart
ment and the Training Department. or
Model School.
The Normal Department embraces:
TAI An Elementary Course for teachers
Of rural districts and elementary grades.
(b An Advanced Course for teachers of
advanced grades.
(cl A Professional Course for teachers
who have completed the required AGA
denic work elsewhere.
I'D a kindergarten Training Course lat
Winona and st. Cloud.
lSSlON.--Graduates of high schools
and colleges, and teachers holding coun-
ty superintendts' first and second grade
certificates are admitted without exam
1nat1on. All others are required to pass
an entrance examination.
ADMINISTRATION is free to all who
pledge themselves to teach in Minnesota
Text books are furnished at a rental of
in each school for economical living The
average cost of furnished rooms with
board is about So per week. The Ladies'
Home at st. Cloud offers board, furnished
room, heata and light at So per week.
The new Dormitory at Noorhead will be
ready for occupancy at the beginning of
the fall term
a recent act of the leg
islature,. diploma becomes state
teachers certificate of the first grade
The next school year opens at Winona,
Sept. 1st; at Mankato, Sept. 4th; at ST.
Cloud, Aug. 20; and at Moorhead, Oct. g.
For free catalogues and circulars, giving
full Information, address the presidents |
IRWIN SHEPARD, Winona.
EDWARD Soaring, Mankato,
JOSEPH CARHART, st. Cloud
LIVINGSTON LORD, Moorhead.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

GAS he proceeded I began to soften,
and concluded to give the copper.
Another stroke of his oratory made
me ashamed of that, and determined
me to give the silver; and he finished
SO admirably that I emptied my
pocket wholly into the collectors
dish, gold and all"
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

The same genial philosopher gives
one of the best instances on record OF
the persuasive power of speech. The
great evangelist, Whitefeld, wished
to establish an orphan house, and de-
cided to locate it in Georgia. Frank
lin advised him 10 b,Qld it in Phila-
delphia, but he was resoluto in his
first project, "and therefore" says
Franklin, 81 refused to contribute"
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,

UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
MARSHALL, Hinn:, June % 1893
The hearing of the above described
proof is hereby, according to the request
of said William d. Hunter, adjourned to
August 18th, 1898, before the same officers
and at the same place.
L. NJ. LANCE,
Jull2 Register.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

The standard blood purifier,
strength builder, and nerve helper is
Hoods Sarsaparilla. Insist upon
Hoods, because Hoods cures.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

81 happened soon after to attend
one of his sermons, in the course of
which | perceived he intended to fin
ish with collection, and | silently
resolved that he should get nothing
from me. I had in my pocket a
handful of copper money, three or
four silver dollars, and five pistoles in
gold.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

Board met agreeably to adjourn
ment at 2 o'clock p. M; all present.
Stocks of goods in the village of
Morris belonging to firms named
were assessed as follows:
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

My brother had, in 1870 or 1921,
begun to print a newspaper. 1t was
the second that appeared in America,
and was called the New England
Courant. The only one before it was
the Boston News Letter. | remember
his being dissuaded by some of his
friends from the undertaking, as not
likely to succeed, one newspaper be-
ing in their Judgment enough for
America. At this time, III, there
are not less than e-and-twenty.
Benjamin Franklin.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

k't. TUT 1IIILII'
NoTE.-Write for G. M. & St. P.
Worlds Fair folder. 1t gives full par
tlculars as ohow to visit the Fair and
what it will cost If
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16
FACTS AND FANCIES
EDITED BY REV. II. NJ. nERRlcK.


A San Francisco paper offers the
following conversation as an impos-
tant contribution to the Chinese quos-
ton:
Algernon (solemnly} You had a
very narrow escape last night, Miss
Julia.
julia Mercy! What do you mean?
Algernon Well, you see, ! had a
dream about you. thought | was
just about to kiss you, when the
Chinaman raped at the door, and I
woke up.
Julia latter pause) Tho Chinese
must go.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

Some men are obstinate enough to
vote against a proposition in geom-
etry, and would even pass a vote of
eensure against the professions Of
the hypothenuse Of q triangle.
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

Afternoon session. All present.
SYNNES.
Horses, 3 years old, raised 10 per ct.
Wagons, g 10
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

Oxen, reduced 25 per cent.
Wagons, raised 10 g
Sewing machines, reduced 25 per ct.
Organs, raised so per cent.
PEPPERTON.
NJ ob
Morris tribune., 1893-08-16

Wednesday, 10 o'clock, a. NJ, board
met according to adjournment; all
members present.
Personal property was sgain under
consideration, during forenoon ses-
sion.
Adjourned to 2 o'clock, p. m.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24
Honolulu Fire Department
NOTICE.

WING TO THE PRONUNCIATION
~ OF Provisional Government for the
Hawaiian Islands and the Declaration
of Martial Law, the Parade OF the De.
partment proposed to be held on
Saturday, February 4, 1898, has b en-
put off.
BY order of the Chief Engineer.
HENRY SMITH,
3282-3t Secretary H. F. D.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24
An Appropriate Hymn.

A good old time member of the Meth
odist church, whose keen appreciation
of hunoE is only one of many pleasing
characteristics, relates with rare gusto
the following story: For a meeting of
the congregation certain subject was
announced for discussion. The mem
bers were invited and expected to par
ticipate in the debate or consultation.
When the hour for adjournment was al
most reached male client of the creed
arose. He was VIGOROUSLY long winded.
When delivering an address or opinion
he treated the possibility of eternity with
contempt. In this case the audience
could not escape. He held it there some
time over an hour, and finally sat down.
to the great relief of the people.
The pastor glanced at the programme
for the evening Unfortunately for
him, perhaps, the preacher had
designated on the written slip only
the number of the hymn TO be sung
Consequently he announced, I'VE will
sing hymn number three" And num-
Der three turned ont to be no less a
triumphal selection than the grand old
"Halleluiah, It's Done" Perhaps never
before in the history of that congrega-
ton was the moving melody sung with
more meaning and enthusiasm.
cinnati Times-Star.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24

OF the real '.Iing,eberry. The Jealousy
soon gave way to CONSERVATION, for, to
the wondering sutton, the independent
reflection was beginning to do that for
which he himself had come. In other
words, there was proposal going on in
the glass. and .Iiugleberry enjoyed the
novel sensation Of seeing how he him
self would look when passing through
similar ordeal.
Altogether, however, 1t was not as
pleasing as most novelties are, for there
were distinct signs in the face of the mir
rored Marian that the mirrored Jingle
berry's words were distasteful to her.
and that the proposition he was making
was not one she could entertain under
any circumstance. She kept shaking
her head, and the more she shook it the
more the glazed Jingleberry seemed to
implore her to be his. Finally Jingle
berry saw his quicksilver counterpart
fall upon his knees before Marian of the
glass and hold out his arms and hands
toward her in an attitude of prayerful
despair, whereupon the girl sprang to
her feet, stamped her left foot furious
ly upon the floor and pointed the unwel-
come lover to the door.
,Jingleberry was fairly staggered
What could be the meaning of SO extraOr-
binary freak of nature? Surely 1t
must be prophetic. Fate was kind
enough to warn him in advance. no
da.bt: otherwise it was trick. And
why should she stoop to play so paltry
trick as that upon him: Surely fate
would not be SO petty. No, it was a
warning The mirror had been so at
fected by some supernatural agency that
it OWNED and reflected that which was
to be, instead of contenting itself to what
Jingleberry called ''simultaneity." 1t
led instead of following or acting CO.
incidently with the reality, and it was
the part of wisdom, he thought, for him
! to yield to its suggestion and retreat,
and as he thought this he heard soft,
sweet voice behind him.
81 hope you haven't got tired of wait
ing, Tom," it said, and, turning, Jingle
berry saw the uuquestionably real
Marian standing in the doorway.
"No," he answered shortly. IL
have had a personal---very. entertaining
| ten minutes; Out IuuSI hurry dlOHSI
Marian" he added. II only came to tell
you that l have a frightful headache,
and-er-l can't very well manage to
come to dinner or go to the opera with
you tonight"
"Why. Tom" pouted Marian, Il am
awfully disappointed. had counted
on you, and now my whole evening will
be spoiled. Don't you think you can
rest little while, and then Gomez
'Well, IL want TO, Marian said
Jingleberry, ''but to tell the truth ii
really am afraid | am going to be i'll
I've had such a strange experience this
afternoon. r
Tell Inc what it was, suggested
Marian sympathetically, and Jingleberry
did tell her what it was. He told hel
the whole story from beginning to end
what he had come for, how he had hap
pened to look in the mirror and what he
saw there, and Marian listened atten
lively to every word he said. She
laughed once or twice, and when he had
done she reminded him that mirrors had
habit of reversing everything, and
somehow or other Jingleberry's head
ache went and-and-well, everything
went. john Kendrick Bangs in Chicago
Post
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24
Why the People Smiled.

There is an honest and jolly butcher
who does business in Eighth avenue not
far from the Central park entrance. He
is large and heavy man, his wife is al
most as heavy, and his grown daughter
weighs nearly 200 pounds. tits custom,
airy for this weighty family to take n
ride in the butchers delivery wagon
every Sunday afternoon, and the trio,
dressed III Sunday finery, present very
imposing appearance. The women are
particularly fond of bright colors. Ono
OF two Sundays ago this party arrived
on Riverside drive and attracted much
attention. The complacent butcher and
his female companions seemed to more
than fill the stout wagon, and doubtless
they were wholly unconscious of the
reason for the merriment caused by
their appearance. On each side of the
wagon was painted in bold, black let-
tiers, Dressed Beef New York Times.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24
gHs cLAMsAKE OF RHODE ISLAND.

Ho, for the sea, the moss green grove,
Where the rocks in a glowing pile.
With rockwell make fragrant bed,
For clans TO rest awhile.
With bluefish from the briny deep,
With sweet corn from the field:
And sweet potatoes from the south,
Their fragrant breath will yield.
The ambrosiai feasts OF the tabled gods
Are as naught compared with thee
Thou delicious. fragrant, delightful thing,
Thou clambake by the seal
Eta A. Brow in Providence Journal.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24
The Illustrated Tourists Guide

That popular work, "THE TOURISTS
GUIDE THROUGH THE HAWAIIAN ISL
ANDs," is meeting with steady sale
both at home and abroad. Tourists and
others visiting these islands should be
in possession of a copy of it. 1t is a per-
feet mine of information relating to the
scenes and attractions to be met with
here. Copies in wrappers can be had at
lhe publication Office, IS Merchant
street, and at the News Dealers. Price
80 cents
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24

The pyrometer measures heat in de-
grees and fractions, and Will give accu-
rate figures even though the heat runs
up to the unthinkable intensity Of 1000
dogs.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24

Strange stories are frequently told of
the doings of electricity, and there is no
doubt that CT all the forces of nature
this is the most capable of eccentric
manifestation.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24

We learn from = doctor that STAN
mering is almost unknown among say
ages. Is this infrmity, then, one Of the
penalties we pay for civilization:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1893-01-24

Girls from the Dressmaking De-
partment of Kawaiahao Seminary
may be employed to go out sewing
by the day or week to do plain
dressmaking or sewing,
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1893-10-27
THE FRArERNITlEs.

THE FRATERNITlEs.
LAKE pUNMoRE LODGE, NO. II, I. o. OF o. F.
". C. Foote, " g.; n. 4. calhoun, y. g.
II. 4. peek, Sec'y.
Meetings every Friday evening at 80
o'clock. Degree work every meeting. Hall
In Dyer's block.
UNION LODGE, MOP, F. AND A. M
+. O. Severance, ". W.
Regular communications the first Monday
evening OF each month.
POTTER CHAPTER, NO. %, r. A. N.
w. II. Bre,cster, NJ +. II. p.
Stated convocations the third Tuesday even
ing OF each month.
M1ppLEBURY COUNCIL, NO. IA, R. AND s. NJ
". H. Bre,oster, r. l. M
Stated assemblies the second Tuesday even
ing of each month.
MT CALVARY coMMANDERY, NO. l, X. t.
Sir W. II. Kingsley, E. c.
Regular conclaves the fourth Wednesday OF
each month.
WIN. p. Russell POST, NO. SO, G. A. r.
j. II. Sargent, Commander.
Regular meetings the second and fourth
Wednesday evenings of each month.
CAMP A. S. TRACY, S. OF V.
Chas f. Rich, Captain.
Regular meeting the second and fourth FIJI
day evenings of each month.
GREEN MOUNTAIN LODGE, NO. s74, X. OF II.
". NJ Cttshman, Dictator.
Regular meetings the last Thursday evening
of each month.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1893-10-27
CONGREGATIONAL.


REV. A. ". DICKENS, TAbIUh'
lunday services, III 40 a. MI I 'oo P' iii'
sabbath school, IL OO M -oo, -,
Thursday, conference meeting, '9 S p III
Up. S. c. E., Sundays, o'oo P' iH'
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1893-10-27

The pantaloon sale now going on Mt Pine
Hall Is great opportunity to save money,
nm, n good deal OF 1t. Go and see.
Unusual pantaloon sale; 80 pants, 30 to 40
per cent discount. Unusual opportunity this
time OF year.
CouPERiNG-l am making meat tubs OF all
sizes and am prepared to ito anything IN new
work or repairing.
43:Sw GEO. GoULErrE, Middlebury.
FOR sALE.-A quantity of household goods
at my home 30 IL Seminary street, including
furniture, crockery, BEDS etc. Prices
reasonable. MRS. r. T.. GoODNOUGH.
Look tor sale OF furniture damaged only by
water. You can get good goods at your own
price. Must be sold to make room for others.
b b. HOPE
FOR SALE--A second hand four horse power
combined engine and boiler Inquire at
Langworthy's machine shop.
have the best line OF millinery goods
cioaks, gloves, trimmings, etc, etc, ever In
stock. K. II. CLAY.
NOTICE. have tor service the registered
Jersey bull Coomassie Lord, 2d, No. 29,272 IL
first-class animal OF choice breeding. Fee
81, payable at time of service.
G;tt WE. HAMMOND.
$50 dozen gents and boy s. underwear at
Pine Hail. Double breasted, double back
undershi 80 cents. Full line Bennington
goods. PINE HALL.
FOR SALE-I offer for sale my place on Court
street, Mddlebury. consisting OF a house and
one and a half acres OF land. Call on or adj
dress SO K. n. rHRALL, Cornwall.
Mrs. d. V. Giffen OF Rutland has lately re.
turned from New York and has secured a
competent New York cutter. She will be at
the Addison House every Monday till further
notice.
| POPULAR AND FASHIONABLE MILLINERY
Miss Cummings, +. r. Clays milliner, has
! lust returned from New York with all the lat
est styles and novelties in fall and winter
millinery.
am prepared to take orders for cut flowers
roses carnations, violets, etc, and tor de
signs tor funerals weddings, etc. John j.
! Hyde, at Chairman Il Co.'S. Att
AUCTION sALE-wilI be sold by auction il
not previously disposed of mt private sale, on
Monday, Nov. 6, at the Mcdonald place, Main
street, beginning ut 10 o'clock, Il quantity OF
household goods, several vehicles and har
nesses, one COW, etc.
FOR SALE-Eight-ton Hubbard squash, IL
cents pound; cabbages, 10 Tor 81; turnips,
40 cts a bushel; beets, 40 cts; also onions
and carrots, Cabbages will be ready in
November. orders for the above promptly
filed. 42.2w GEO. c. SHELDON.
FOR SALE. l offer for sale my house and
lot on Sou h Main street, Middlebury, and
four other pieces OF outside lands IN con
nection with them or separately. Terms and
particulars may be learned at the house at
any time. j. L. BUTTOLPH.
Middlebury, Vt, Aug. ), 1893.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1893-10-27


warm weather. which had the effect of
lowering the quality of the product.
Eggs sell AZ "a cents dozen and are in
GOOD demand.
s.,,,.,,, 80, tho oooet ,,b;,b h,r,,il,,
,id ,ittt, da,,.nn hrnnaht rai, ha xxx, ~,
,rrost,,. Nj, ern,, tl.t ,,,o ,'hannr,o'
naI,, yarn, hrigbt ,ynatbsr th.t has
m" O'.''i,,r ,,n,o,.or,h,' th,s ,.aar has
,'"a,'.;i,'d iii NV ,,'noi,' =, Ioi,,,s
bury man recalls that 80 years ago last
SATURDAY IS inches of snow fell in his
town and that there was good sleiyhiug
from then till spriup,
snoll h,ildino mead 90 chm ond
;,. hnu ,'a' ' "m NJ, II w uanr,n p "1 y
,,Iana oast of Tho v;,,ago ,,..s dnstrn"ad
h" Ia t;re " on 'rresd.r Tho h"ildinr, ;tsoif
,.2hi,h S st,,od 80" no." to ,hn borso b,rn nn
,hn sn,,,l ~ tha r,,,,d ,,.,. mot 80 ,,,,,,h
,aInn r,t H. ',omt,inad nn,nhnr of
vehicios and toois ,hat t,..r. n9 ANN
sidannblo,,,,orth rho i,s,rnnoo if n~,,
,.as sn,ai How Tho fra nanTbt , d"ss
NOR onnoar
IL Is se'ileu lllat Cnl"n olock' mex. 10
Iile stonr oriuge Oh t,le WeS, sue ol tue
river, VIII oe rs's .t 'a,is 'ail W thc new
SI"ue' ~ Vi tlc I'VE oWriers Vi Wv, .e
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1893-10-27
LOCAL NEWS.

An addition is being built on the rear
end of the tobacco and fruit store run by
Mr.. Eoutt in the express office building,
The middle store in the Dyer block is
being fitted up for fish and oyster
stand. Messrs. Paul Cornell and G. f.
Kidder will, it is understood, manage the
business.
Mr.. Earl began on Wednesday to re-
move his stock of goods to the Negus
store, next to Bond Bros. He will be
ready to open for business in his new
quarters Nov. l..
The college BOYS have organized a
"a football team, which Prof. James is
drilling. A game has been arranged
with the team Of Norwich university at
Mortified, Nov. 4.
The annual dance of the Volunteers of
SS Hose company, at the town hall on
Friday evening, was well attended and
successful in every particular. About 10
couples were present.
A wedding is set down for Monday
next at p. m. at the Catholic church.
Mr. Frank Myhew of Cornwall and Miss
Lettie GreenOugh of this village will then
be united in marriage.
The docket for the December term of
county court is out. 1t contains II
court and II chancery cases. The term
will open Dec. >. Judge Munson of
Manchester is assigned to preside.
Flash boards have been placed on the
top of the dam across the river here to
Increase the amount of water available
for power purposes in dry weather.
The stream has been quite low now
for some weeks.
Nineteen people went from here to
Boston on the excursion of Wednesday.
Among the Middleburians were Hon. l..
ID. Eldredge. Mr.. f. j. Mathews, Mr.. and
Mrs. L. +. Proctor, Mr.. w. II. Remele
and Miss Jennie Wright.
Mrs. Elmer, the widow, has bought
of the Chester Elmer estate the home
place on the east side of Weybridge
street. Her son, Mr.. b. F. Wales, and
family, will vaeate tn Nichols house.
where they have resided for some years,
and go to live with her.
Letters with these addresses are at the
post-ofilce unclaimed: Geo, w. CongdOn,
John O'DOnnell, Geo. o. COnnOrs. II.
Sessions, ii. A. ThOrndike. Watson l.
WATSON. Mrs. G. p. BOvia, Mrs. Aurilla
Holmes. Mrs. NJ. King. Miss Lucy Kings
land, Miss Gertie MumblO, Miss Jennie
Pecor, Mrs. NettIe Woodruff,
Buyers say the price Of butter in the
city markets l. about two and half
cents of from last week The very best
has sold here this week at ~ cents am
~ 20 good at n and % cents. A part
NSn& declipe is attributed TO the recent