davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14
How the Ocean Became Salt.

Professor Edward Hill read paper be-
fore the Victoria Institute recently on
How the waters OF the oceans became
salt" From an inquiry into the charac-
ter and afinities of the organic forms oil
past geological ages. .he conclusion was
justified that the waters OF the ocean
must have been salt from very early
biological times, but it by no means lol-
lowed that they were as fully saline as
those of the present day. There were
two ways by which thy might account
for the salinity Of the ocean waters from
very ekrly periods Of geological time.
First by suppOsing that the prineVai
waters were saturated with acid gases
which were he'd in suspension In the
vapor surrounding the incandesceht
globe: or. secondly, that the salinity re-
suited from a process resembling that Dy
which salt lakes of the present day had
been formed. He thought that they must
concur with DR.. Sterry Hunt, that from
some cause or other chlorine largely
abounded in the waters of the primeval
ocean as by far the greater proportion
of the salts were chlordes, and chic
rine was but very slightly represented In
river waters OF the present day.
From the examples of closed lakes they
could determine the process OF sallhih-
cation with the utmost certainty.
throughout greater or shorter periods
these lakes had been receiving the waters
Of rivers. bringing down both mechan-
cally suspended sediments and cheml-
cally dissolved salts, silicates. ana car
donates. The sediments were precipi-
tated over the bottoms Of the lakes. and
the water being carried off into the at
mosphere In the form of vapor as far
as II entered, left behind the dissolved
ingI edients These necessarily augmented
in quantity. and ultimately the waters OF
the lakes became saturated with salts
and carbonates. which were then depos-
tied The ocean was a closed lake OF
enormous magnitude. and they were thus
brought 10 the conclusion that the salt
ness OF the sea might have originated in
very much the same way as had that or
the Dead Sea, Lake Oroomiah. or the
Great Salt Lake OF Utah. and many others
which possessed in common the charac-
teristics OF having no outlet. When the
great envelope of vapor which surrounded
the incandescent globe began TO condense
upon its cooling surface, the resulting
waters, though containing, as Dr. Stcrry
Hunt supposed acid gases, were desti-
tute Of saline ingredients. The process
of salinihcation began with the first
streams which entered the seas from the
bordering uplands. and this process car
ried on throughout the long ages proceeds
ing the silurian period. brought the
waters to a condition suited TO sustain
the life OF forms of Inhabitants repre-
sentative of those which Inhabited the
ocean at the present day. These long
ages might be supposed to include not
Only the archaean and aZoic periods, but
that during vhicht he first crust was
in course OF formation over the incande-
scent globe-Londor Standard.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14
tragedy AT vASSAR.
ysIDrNs PREPARE FOR a
coDUcTION or "xNTIGoNE."
,,sni Classic Observation-Disclosures Stage
s,tiings Trials and Tridmphs OF
Hohcarsals- Striking Scenes.
-.....---hl. lsaa. ~ The rImesl

,-,,,r,eht. 1873. for The Times)
..., I'm one OF his early lectures in
not to be found. ! think. in any
Ibis books-said; Il like to hear
cook language. 1t sounds so much
i, .,. ocean" The people OF Pough-
and many persons who will has
chat city on May 2Gth next. ere
,.,e Thorcau's delight under the
,,pilvaung and suspicious circum-
II IL Is pleasant. therefore
,..r The language Of Aesohylus and
.,thcocs az an. imagine how much
.i.,s,nt 70 viii be 10 listen 10 II
pleked group OF bright girls at
Nriv equipped college And this
-. .s open 60 all who may choose
. p,grhkccpsic on the date named.
...ommo8lte the large audience
SSH assemble the POughkeepsic
t.rec. from which the college Is
... away. has been engaged. This
which is both handsome and well
,roustcally. VIII lend pleasure
...f1rmaucc Mr. John Il. Cough
F. found 80 one Of the most
.. audience halls TO speak in
tr. had ever met with.
,-rIrrn performance OF a Greek
r.t "a new thing entirely. but II
.lnUy rare thing % be extremely
..I interesting. The German and
european universities have not.
.. Undertaken &C. though Sophocles
-r.rv at least is much studied and
f PLAYS Of Aeschylus and Sopho-
have been given at Elton, Harrow
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14

too late that "Oreat words of pridefui
men are ever punished with great blows "
and that reverence towards the gods
must be inviolate..'
The ibretto which I have named the
vassar girls have had beautifully printed
IN coarse type. with a fine translation OF
Professor r. c. Jebb. OF Cambridge.
England Set opposite the Greek text.
This translation varies from the text In
only nine verses, and but slightly there.
There are a few misprints in beth the
Greek and English, but they are not
serious ones.
have been rehearsing their text with
earnest study and practice. IL Is said
their memory for II Is already notable
and occasions surprise. The one who
must remember most In not the person
ator OF the chief part, but she VINO rep
resents Creon, whose lines are by far
the most numerous. But the personator
OF the chief character is said 10 be spe-
cially fitted by a remarkable voice LOT
her part In the cast. The players are.
selected not simply from the senior class
but from all the classes In the coiese'
according 10 their proficiency In Greek
and their general equipment for their
respective places. In the matter OF resi-
dence they cover a wide geography as
the table below will show:
PERSONS REPRESENTED.
Creon (the King. Miss Emeline Bart
lett. '9i. Of Providence. X. l.
Antigone Miss Helen Slade, ~, OF
Quincy. Mass. 40
Ismene. Miss Ann Van syckel, '",
Pennington. N. J.
Haemon. Miss Blanche Presley, 49,
Providence. II. /.
Eurydice Miss Margaret Macauley. ~,
Louisville. Ky.
Teiresias. Mss Grace Cooley. ~. Plain
field, N. J.
Guard Miss Mildred Mathes. 's3. Mem
phis. Tenn.
First Messenger. Miss Frances Jolline,
'93. San Francisco, Cal.
Second Messenger Miss Genevra Tryon.
90, Cambridge. Mass.
Leader of the Chorus. Miss Alice a.
Berry, teacher Of Latin. Forestville, \. l.
The members of the chorus are: Misses
Elizabeth Barnes. '9i Beatrice Bennett
95: Ellen Cumming. SO; Susan Cramp-
ton, "a: Bessie Curtis, 96; Hazeltine
Fletcher. IS; Ida Hemans, "a; Wilhel-
nina Klrchner. 80; Abbie Learned, 70,
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14

Murie Mabie. &c: Louisa May. "a; Angle
Myers, "a; Bertha Morgan. '95; Sarah Nc
Carthy "a; Elizabeth Hacker. '95; Hen
rietta Pratt, '93; Ella Rudman. SO; Effie
Sanders. '9e; Flora Simmons. 95; Laura
Smith 93; Mary Twitchell. '95; Katha-
rine Utter, "a: Miss Weeks. "a; Marian
WEIGH. '95; Clara White, 93, and Har-
riet Wood 93.
The attendants are: Misses Wait. 80;
Enos, "a; Jones. '96; Cheter, "a; Marvin,
SO; Warner, 90: Farmer, '95. and Doug
lass. SO, and Morgan Taylor. The last
named is a very small lad, son OF Presl-
dent Taylor, OF the college.
Professor Greenough. OF Harvard, the
accomplished Latin teacher and author or
Latin text books, is among the recent
visitors to the college who have been
admitted TO a rehearsal, and who have
both given help 10 and expressed admi-
ration Of the work now so nearly done.
The price of tickets Will be only from
81 TO 81, according to the seat chosen,
and they can be obtained from Mr.. VII
lard Dean. an official of the college The
tickets for the Harvard play were q and
50. The day and hour appointed for the
performance is Friday. May 26th, at +.
NJ. A special train will run to New York
when the exercises ere concluded, as
others will no doubt in other directions.
Something like 5000 have been spent so
far. taking no account or time ana unre-
Enumerated services. TO produce the arts
tic effect contemplated. and If any proht
remains IL will be turned over TO the
American school at Athens, To the sup
mort of which Vassar College is yearly
contributor. JOEL BENTON.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14

- rr-Iy and the "Agamemnon' OF
r.. Vas once performed ar Bal
r.f.. oxford. The "Agamemnon'
- Us the part of a riioey ana
somewhat different treatment
r .r. "Auu-0nc' of Sophocles when
r..I.. Nh. Nasslr girls have selected
...fr.. Twelve years ago the Har-
-rl.rt. presented at Sanders
... Do. .OsdipJs Tyrannis' Tor three
.... and this was then very properly
.-.I . most notable literary event.
.. D..t fo 30 not knowing what 10
,a un-Greeked part Of the au-
.......inr they would receive only
..,.... sensation OF listening 90 the
.f .u ancient speech that would
.... r.fhIrp. but. AN the literafe ana
..t. I.u with new IDEAS of me
... .T.,f aud intelligence AFFORDED.
b., small part of this effect was que
rr Ffiie's dramatic genius ~ ms
ODE protagOuist and 10 Professor
musical adaptation when was
n and impressive reNcihli"i.,
.trtiGuhes'' given 10y the htai's ="
-a Haven for the beuent oi 'he
u.-... Mas spoken from tiausi"t loi''
I ue -ds of Smith college, apOus
four l.. AGO. played the titcud'
..I OLD. Students OK the University OF
l...e .t.rIa-on Just what tate can
...lNc Aristophancs 'Arcdnlahs.
I.. u these performances were j"
D. ,... ,,l,,..
.fon these facts here TO SHOW now
f...r.h and ambitious Is The attempt
OH. ..iri. of Nassar have undo rtahen' ana
ff.r are preparing for 20 under me COM
r.t.nt and resolute supervision OF IrO-
.sor Abby Leach. who has the creek
department of the COLLEGE in charge 20
thorough has Miss Leach been, ana so
rnNious u.s. She 90 have this performance
true. not only t0 the best Can0ns of taste
lut % the highest ideal that intelligent
scholarship demands. that she has con-
suited already the best authorities for an
undertaking of This sort 10 be found IN
Me country Professor IT, II. Sargent has
DOW visited the c0llcee many times 10
lse points ON the dramatic cast and
rendering. Professor Bliss Perry, OF VII
Damn. College. has been present 10 super
r.a flc style of ciocutiOn. and Miss A.
N story who trained the New Haven
hIIes ON behalf of Yale. has freely lent
t- results OF her long experience and fine
.tstc training. For the handling Of
la chorus. that unique and distinct part
4 fae Greek play which adds so much TO
quality. expression and effectiveness,
lN Drsauer has given up his best at
trl1n and time.
N0, little thought. too. has been de-
voted to the scenery and costume as was
rs' necessary. I'm the directions for this
Pr William u. Day. the architect, has
n engaged 10 supplement the fine
mn.ue instinct for dress and effect.
1 is nowhere 10 be- found in a higher
l1e chan 1t Nassar.
believe BE- has never been considered
fy in the modern rendering Of
PLAYS 10 follow with absolute lit
-.-ss the minute features of the Greek
tara DO would not. I'm fact. be possible
01 SD Or one should set about it. We
lt not know always whether the
..rc or Attic costume In any particular
ueht be most true and ht to the
a.on But there was a large liberty
q Greek costumes and there is a large
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14
Iny-lW

ITO HOLDERS OF VIRGINIA BONDS.
i The announcement has just been re-
ceived from London that the lnterna-
tional Committee, appointed TO fix the
rates at which the new VIRGINIA CEN
TURY BONDS are 10 be distributed 10
the holders OF the several classes Of old
VIRGINIA BONDS and COUPONS UNI
der the debt settlement of February,
1892 has at last made its report, and IL
is expected that the exchange OF POOL
Certificates for the new bonds VIII very
soon begin.
In our Virginia Circular. Of November.
the case in all its bearings, we have
prepared the following table, showing the
result Of funding the debt at the rates
therein suggested by us, which we think
would be an equitable and successful
solution OF the problem" The cables
thus far received Indicate that the figures
a which the two most important classes
of old bonds. namely, the "CONSOLS
and ''lO-4Os," are to be exchanged for
the Century Bonds, ARE PkEGllSSlEsiL.1T,
THE SAME THAT We SUGGESTED
IN OUR CIRCULAR ABOVE RE-
FTERRED TO SOME EIGHTEEN
MONTHS AGO.
We shall be pleased to furnish holders
Of the Pool Certificates, representins flr-
ginia bonds or coupons. upon application,
any further particulars in regard 10 tne
conversion or exchange of their certin-
Gates that may be obtainable, ana we
are prepared 10 arrange for such holders,
the exchange of their certificates for the
new % per cent. Century Bonus
Correspondence invited . co.,,
John l.. WILLIAMS & SONS,
Bankers, Tenth and Main streets.
RICHMOND, VA.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14

TO modern ways and human pleasure.
The costume will be distinctly Greek.
There will be the himation, the chlsmys,
the chiffon and other features. no doubt,
together with the sandal and "buskin
where needed. At Harvard. when THESE
last two articles were wanted. shrewd
country shoemaker was sought out. and
by the help OF accurate patterns given
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14
Pianos for Country Retreats.

While the children are away for the
summer they can be practicing. We VIII
rent pianos cheaply. Call on us and see
for yourselves.
MANLY b. RAMOS & CO.,
Main street next to corner OF Ninth.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1893-05-14

b., TO select from. Masks now need
'-l am sure viii not. be worn.
r.l Nlfnt be permissible II there were
ls. 'is. but 10 hide the faces OF the
-" Students would be a dlsappolnt-
t.-.t tnef 20 the audience We shall
Slri ste the girls who attempt this
O. q ran tragedy under circumstances
py1 and fascination.
~ ,,,. s play rs TO be quite realistically
outstanding Sa1ae slight Difference
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12

we will see the property wners and
business men solidly in line on side
and the working men arrayed against
them.
The action Of the Trades Council has
blown tho the winds all this talk. That
body represents nine-tenths Of the
working men OF this city. 1t is repres-
tative in opinion and in intelligence.
Whatever the Trades Council may say
on any subject is worthy OF thought
and consideration not only because Of
the great class of our population that
is represented, but because of the char
acter of the men who constitute that
body.
1t must be remembered by those peo-
pie who chatter about the laboring
mans lack of interest in the city. that
the majority of the workers in Tacoma
own their own homes or are struggling
to do so; that they have come to this
city with their families to live and that
their interest in Tacoma is just as real
rs that of any man who may own a
half dozen additions to the city or a
brick block on Pacific venue. They
wish Tacoma to prosper and they
would not put in the way of that pros
perity the slightest obstacle. They are
not the croakers who encourage hard
times and they act from a self interest
that is quite as enlightened as that
of their more fortunate employers.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12

The Northern Pacific Railroad Com
pany is soon to have a direct eastern
connection with the sea-board, running
entirely through Canadian territory,
from Parry sound on Georgian Bay tc
Quebec, a distance Of $50 miles. The
entire road, which will be open for next
year, will prove an important rival to
the Canadian Pacific Railroad, at least
so far as the movement of the grain
from the Canadian Northwest is con
cerned. Between Ottawa and Parry
sound the road also traverses a new
and richly timbered pine country.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12

Mr.. Wade Hampton Smith in a COM
munication, scouts the idea that juries
will not convict in this city, If proper
evidence is produced before them. The
point The Astorian makes is that it is
impossible to secure witnesses who will
testify against law-breakers in such
a manner as to warrant a jury in con-
victing. The jury nay feel sure in
their opinion that a party is guilty,
and yet they are sworn to decide ac-
cording to the evidence. Those who
are anxious to have the guilty pun
ished must pull off their coats and pro-
vide witnesses to convict those who in
their opinion are VIGOROUSLY guilty.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
THE EASY THING IS DONE


The anti-gambling ordinance was
passed unanimously last night.
That was easy. Anybody can pass
ordinances, issue manifestos, and proc
lamations.
Who will enforce this law, and how
long will the endeavor be persisted in?
VIII this municipal law be any better
enforced than was the state law?
Whoever honestly tries to enforce this
law should receive the entire moral
support of the community, for that is
probably about all they will get.
Experience leads to the BELIEF that
this is a sort of a moral spasm, that is
too severe to be sustained.
Better that the city should make gam
blers pay into its treasury than to have
the money go where 1t will do more
harm.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
LADIES' TEA

Is a pleasant drink, which will be
borne by the stomach without nau-
sea or gripping. 1t acts thoroughly on
the liver, kidneys and reproductive or
gans. A gentle physic, efficient diu-
retic, and is most useful in scant or
painful me%nstruation. 1t aids diges-
ton and reduces corpulency; clears the
complexion, rendering it fair, and re-
storing the natural tone of the skin,
for 1t removes the bile, which by ac-
emulation, produces the sallow, mud
dy complexion, peculiar to the con-
stipated. Sold by all druggists.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
BITTERS.

This remedy is becoming so well known
and so popular as to need no special men,
ton. All who have used Electric Bitters
sing the same song of praise.-A purer
teed to do all that is claimed. Electric
Bitters will cure all diseases of the liver
and kidneys, will remove pimples, boils.
salt rheum and other affections caused
by impure blood.-Will drive malaria
cure ali maieriai fevers'DFor cure of
headache, constipation and Indigestion try
Electric Bitters-Entire satisfaction guar
anteed or money refunded.-Price soc. and
$1.W per bottle at Charles Rogers drug
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
A Sure Cure for piles.

Itching Piles a.e known by moisture
like p~erspiration, causing intense itching
when warm. This form, as well as Blind,
Bleeding or Protruding, yield at once TO
DR.. Bosanko's Pile Remedy, which acts
directly on the parts affected, absorbs
tumors, allays Itching and effects a
permanent cure, SOC. Druggist or mail.
Circulars free. DIR. Bosanko, S29 Arch
street, Philadelphia, Fa. Sold by ]. W.
Conn.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12

Coinage executed at the mint Of the
United States during March aggregat-
ed 10, 13S,0 22 pieces, OF the value of 49,
422, 795. 20, divided as follows: Gold,
194,597 pieces, Of the value of 1885, 100;
silver s,O67,O2O pieces. of the value of
81, 1908, 644,, so; minor coin, 6,S76,O4O pieces,
of the value OF slSS, 1861. 2S, OF the silver
coined 2.O69. 1O5 pieces were Columbian
haIf-dollars. Of the value Of $1,OS1, O52,5O.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12

Notice is hereby given that the annu-
al meeting of the Stockholders of the
Progressive Land and Building Asso-
citation, will be held on Tuesday, April
IS, 1893, at 7:30 p. m, at the residence of
Job Ross, Astoria Oregon.
f. L. PARKER, Secretary p. L. & B.
Association.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
Bucklen's Aruica salve.

The best salve in the world for cuts,
bruises, sores, plcers, salt rheum, fever
sores, letter, chapped hands, chilblains,
corns, n all skin eruptlons, and positive
ly cures piles, or no pay required. 1t
is guaranteed to give perfect satisfac-
ton or money refunded. Price Is cents
per bux. For sale by Chas. Rogers, sue
cessor to ]. G. Dement,.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12

Local weather for the twenty-foul
hours ending at 5 p. m, yesterday. fur
nished by the u. 8. department Of agri-
culture, weather bureau:
Maximum temperature, so degrees.
Minimum temperature. 80 degrees.
Precipitation, .35 inch.
Total precipitation from July LIST, 1852.
to date, 69.OS inches.
Excess of precipitation from July LIST.
1892, to date. 200.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
DO you LIKE OYSTERS?

Those who wish to have the finest
Shoalwater Bay oysters or CLANS by
the quart or pint In jars. can have
them delivered nice and fresh by Hon.
er Fletcher. Orders left at The Asto-
rian office will receive prompt and care
full attention from him.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
YOU SHOULD READ THIS.

The popularity of the Union Pacific is
best determined by the superior service II
tanning two daily through trains to
Omaha, st, Paul, Chicago and points east,
thoroughly equipped with all the latest
appliances for the comfort and safety of
materially with its fast trains. The pres
ent train schedule enables passengers to
reach st. Paul seven hours quicker and
Chicago twenty-four hours quicker.
Omaha and Kansas City and intermediate
points, forty hours quicker than any line
from the Pacific Northwest.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-12
Editor Astorian:

a8AANOA AA1NCA AeAAs
Again you invite an expression Of
opinion on the Issues before the people
/ wish to challenge the declaration Of
The Historian this morning that the
laws against vice can not be enforced
in this town for want Of moral support
by the people. Every respectable man
and woman in the city ought to resent
the charge. The farce hat was played
yesterday was altogether too thin to
not be seer through, and / say 1t Is an
insult to this community to lay this
miscarriage of justice onto the Shout
ders Of the people. Far better would
1t have been had there been no arrests
made at all. The Astorian intimates
that the jury represented the senti-
ment Of the people, and therefore failed
to convict. II there was sufficient evil
dence before those jurors to convict,
they stand today in the eyes Of the
public as perjured men. If there was
not sufficient evidence to convict, they
should clear their skirts and the people
ought to know it. If there was not
sufficient evidence to convict before the
jury, whose fault was 1t but the off,
GERS who made the arrest and prose-
cuted the cases?
II there was no evidence and none
to be had, what business to make these
wholesale arrests and put the county
90 o,,oh hoo,yx, oaadIacs avnanoao Thio
public who refuses to stand up for the
enforcement of law and order, wants
to know why this is.
This community refuses to have this
great mismanagement of its affairs sad
died upon it. This kind of trickery
might do for some distant mining camp,
but It is altogether too thin for such a
community as this.
The Astorian makes a great mistake
in publishing to the world that public
sentiment in Astoria is not equal to
The suppression Of vice in its midst.
My observation is that jurors in Clat-
sop county as a rule are as ready to
when proper evidence is
brought before them as in any COM
nunity that l was ever in.
Once let 1t get abroad that juries
will not convict criminals in Astoria,
ind that the people have not got moral
,rit enough and where are we? 1t has
rot to be that our officials seem to think
hat they have no duty to perform in
juppressing vice only when the people
stand 1t any longer and move
Upon them in a body.
We have placed them in position to
'epresent us, and they are supposed to
,e there in ours stead. Therefore, men
business have a right to expect
hem to do their duty and look after
he welfare Of the community. 1t is
lot the peoples duty to be providing
around hunting up violation OF Law. If
he officers think they have to be maui
ed over the head before they are JUS
-ifed In holding down the vicious 1
trust they will take no offense at this.
The taxpayer will hold them respon-
w. HAMPTON SMITH.