The morning call., 1893-01-30

1HlS dHICdlS CouCiuSHCi9 10 uCtctuiuo THO
route OF all trans Pacific cables TO be by way Of
Honolulu.
The certain coming pTeponderanee OF British
shipping will tend 10 increase the number Of
Brush residents ana enlarge British poll ica in
fueuee in Hawaii. There VIII grow up pres
sure not now existing fer Great Britain to take
possesSion Of the islands ia order 10 provide for
me security OF her growing commerce across the
Pacific AT the present TINT The United States
has thorough and pleasant understanding with
England thar Hawaii is TO be regarded as right
fuIiy falling 10 the United States rather Than 10
any other power. Germany and France fully
concur in this view. None OF HE great powers
would al The present time think OF interposing
I obstacles TO any amount OF domination that The
United States might seek 10 exercise IN HAWAII.
These are we-esiablished facts.
WHAT England, however. might become in.
cned 10 DO, after the sudden growth OF her
SHINING in The Pacific consequent upon the cut
ting OF the lsinmuS, is another question. he
imperial strength OF the UnIed States is so for
mdabie that their views IN the matter could
hardly fan to receive he utmost respect. Ger.
many, france aud Russia would naturally prefer
America 10 ngland as controlling Hawaii.
But in preventing England from furnishing pro-
teclon and facilities to commerce IL would be
difficult for Amer lea 10 eyade the responsibility
oil herself supplying all that Was necessary In
the most efficient manner. England would eX-
perience an additional motive 10 occupy Hawaii
as size has done IN Egypt, Oh account of the
former being SO directly on The road between
British Columbia and Australia.
Canada. as We shall see, is already betraying
serious uneasiness on this account. In view Of
these facts 1t would seem quite improbable that
tne United states VIII be content 10 wall until
TIE pressure Of new conditions arises before
asserting heir claims and establishing Their con
trol Of HAWAII in some form.
Ii has lOug been held by American statesmen
that some control of these ISLANDS would become
Indispensable to The naval aud military security
OF Tie Pacific Coast They have also regarded
naval station tneTe as Indispensable 20 their
naval efficiency IN the Pacific.
Nj Blaine was thoroughly penetrated with
these views as was his successor, Mr.. Bayard.
1t is easy 10 see that The possession of these
Islands 10y any other power in their central
monopoly OF tie Intersection OF commercial
routes a the only point OF supply at convenient
distance from The Pacific Coast would constitute
a menace to that coast which would be intoler-
/ able. Modern steam naval necessities also EN-
der station, at least Tor coalng. al no greater
distance than Honolulu Indispensable, and this
I TO be one fonIned against the chances OF war.
Successive steps nave been iaken by the
United ates toward securing dominating
! influence 10 Hawaii
The drst OF these was the treaty OF reciprocity
with Hawaii established in 1876, aud stiI in
force BY this treaty Hawaiian rice and the
lower grades Of Hawaiian sugar were admitted
DUTY free TO the United States. Under the late
high arIh on sugar this was Of immense advan-
tsge 10 hawaii. she being abb TO realize from
$40 O $50 ton IN san Francisco more than
other countries could do. Tie product of sugar
steadily Increased from 49, 900 tons 10 1876 10
10000 tons 10 1890, thus placing Hawaii as
eighth on The list OF cane growing countries.
The total valuation Of sugar plan iatlOns I'D 1890
was about $50. 600 600 OF which nearly four
fl Is aie owned by American citizens OF whom
4 large number now reside ia the United States,
after making fortunes in Hawaii.
Under lie working Of This ueay for fifteen
years Hawaii has become, socially ana CONNER
cially, 10 Predominant degree an American
colony.
! Al Tie same time through reciprocal free trade
! in American products very large commerce has
/ grown up between the Pacific Coast aud the
/ Hawaiian Islands. which derive thence their en-
/ tire supplies Of lumber, -four. potatoes salmon,
| live hogs. mules and horses, with muiifaiious
| products OF orchard, dairy ana farm, besides
machinery. furniture. Carriages, shoes clothing.
/ dry goods. hardware etc. This trade is a lead
/ Ing item in the business OF san francisco. The
/ large number of American SHIPS engaged in it is
/ very important element Il is true thai Hawaii
has received "a large excess OF pecuu2ry adyau-
/ tsee 10 lie millions Of annual profits reaped
! through the remission OF duties Il seems sufli-
! cient 10 point ont that nearly al Of this profit
1 went into The pockets OF American citizens. Ha-
! wai las Dee simply al outlying sugar farm
OF tie Unued States. very properly enjoying ike
| protection with Louisiana.
! IL 1887. under President Ceveland's admits
! tralion. supplementary provisions TO the treaty
We're agreed 10 by both pafiies, whereby thedura-
/ ton OF The treaty was extended and dutie> were
RENTED upOn larger number Of products, in re-
/ turn for which kslakaua coded 10 the United
States the exclusive right 20 establish and fortiiy
| naval station in The II " ian Islands. Pearl
/ HsIbor was designated as Tie sta ion Th- con-
tnuanee OF This exclusive right was limited by
/ the duration OF the treaty. About Pearl Harbor
/ mGge anon.
| IN 1889 Mr. Blaine dissatisfied with lie imper-
! fec cessioD of Pc 80 Harbor and with the very
/ limited Influence OF the United STAT : In HAWAII.
urged upon h. A. =. Carter, the Hawaiian Min
isleg at Washington, an enlargement Of the treaty
! provisions so as 10 confer special advantages
| upon both parties
! II was proposed to make tho treaty permanent;
/ TO create absolute fee trade be ween tie two
/ countries In al articles kept inJoxlcants; to
make the cesslon Of a naval station permanent
/ as well as exclusive. and 10 pledge 10 Hawaii
fun participation in any bouniies TO be given to
! American producers Of sugar. Ia short. Hawaii.
/ in all It's commercial and productive Interests,
/ FaH ~ IA1'f eli t4C tAtfttCsCS VI OhC " tLc
! United States.
/ In eturn for these privileges, besides the ces-
/ sion Of Pearl Harbor, Nj. Blaine asked pledge
! from Hawaii 10 enter into 20 treaty engagements
vi b OiLer powers without lie full previous
! knowledge Of The United States. AT bis request
/ another provision was appended TO The draft Of
! lie treaty forwarded 20 Honolulu by Mr.. Carter,
/ to he feet that the United states Government
should have Tie right TO land military forces 10
/ Hawaii WNHneVpr for ha
/ pr servaiion Of order. 1he benefits rendered to
/ Hawai- were very great As tile event has
| proved. ID provision concerning sugar bOuBues
/ was of extreme importance 10 her chief indus
/ try. At the same tine the concessions asked
amounted 10 a partial surrender Of autonomy
/ and submission TO something ike a prOtecEOrate.
/ The Cabinet submitted the proposed treaty to
the King vi The obnoxious clause expressly
disapDroyed. kalakaua was, however, anxious
| 10 defeat The reform party IN the coming election
| and saw bis opportunity 10 diseredlt II with Tie
! natives seeking 10 sacrifice Hawaiian
/ autonomy. He communicated tie offensive
clause 10 the reaeuonary leaders, who effectively
used It IRE the native mind. They hoped to
secure such a majority of reacltonary members
In the LEGISLATURE as 10 put In a new Cabinet
| who should join The King in resisting the old
| constitution, or failing that, should proceed
| with reactonaTy amendments In the legal
| method. In that result hey failed for lack OF a
| united majority, although scoring a success
| Otberwis.
In the meantime the reform Cabinet had ap-
Piled themselves earnestly 10 the work of Sc
| curing the Kings sigma ure to the amended draft
| OF thY treaty. Their efforts would manifesily
have been successful but for the interposiion OF
| Canadian Influences through The saeency
Of the AtiorBey-General. while England
Is comparatively Indifferent 10 Amer
lean domination 10 Hawaii 1t is quite
| otherwise With Canada. Who il habit
usly sensitive about her great nelghbor'
| aseendency. Especially are tile CONNER cial
| Interests Of British Col umbia. and peculiarly SC
those Of the CaHad ian Paeinc Railway, conc ined
10 snppiani San Francisco IN The trade Win Ans
| traia II seems 10 them hard that the CONNER
cial tribut Of their great siser colony on the
othei SIDE q he Pacific should he paid 10 a rival
cousin and not o themselves Yankee 10 Thence