The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-11-19
i v.

with the reputed inventor had brought greater
profit to the company.
Still combining ourselves for tho purposes OF
| this notice to the record Of STEINER scion
| tiilc and technical labors. we procead to indi-
cate what he accom- plished between 1850 and
1850. During the first part Of this period he
was busily engaged with Haske in improving
teleCraphc apparatus. electrical appliances
and measuring instruments for scientific and
technical purposes. 1t was still a tolerably
unploughed field which they worked over and
their activity was extremely fertile. Their
constructions. which were rapidly made
known. especially through the Universal Ex-
hbitions in London and Paris. have almost
everywhere formed the basis OF later con-
trivances. Only a few OF these innova-
tions. however. wore patented. and tho
majority OF them were either not de-
scribed at all in newspapers or only in
later years. This facilitated their general
Introduction. and brought to Siomens and
Halske many orders. but at the same time the
firm lost the universal acknowledgment OF
their orisinaton Let US note few OF the d.
rections which their constructive activity took.
Besides the practical development OF tho
Morse telegraph for hand use. Semens was
occupied at this period with tho elaboration OF
that apparatus into an express writer for his
automatic telegraph system. which was origi-
nally destined for tho great Russian lines. and
came first into operation on the Warsaw-St.
Petersburg line in 1854. In this system. the
messages were prepared by the so-ca!ed
three-key puncture. whose object was to i'm
press the Morse signs on a paper ribbon.
in which by depressing tho first key.
single round hole. and by depressing
the second key. a double hole was cut out in
the ribbon. The necessary pushing forward
OF the ribbon took place automatically. while
the greater interval required for the separa-
ton Of the words was produced by the depres-
sion Of the third key When. In this manner. q
message had been punched into the paper slip.
the latter was drawn along In the 50 called
express-writia2 transmitter. by the help OF
wheel work. between a roller coated with
platinum and a contact spring or brush.
BY this means the single holes pro-
duced dot, the double holes o dash. at the re-
ceiving station. AS 1t turned out that ordinary
magnets with iron armatures did not work
quickly enough. Siemens employed for the re-
lays as we'll as for the mixers light cores. capa-
Bile OF turning tho stationary coils OF the mag
net. which were formed OF bundles OF wire or
OF thin. split iron tubes. whereby the desired
velocity could be attained with certainty.
The signalling service Of the railways with
Leen particularly occupied. brought further
problems. on all tho German railway limos
ringing apparatus had to be set up. which. on
the departure OF q train from the station,
should give audible bell signals for the whole
distance. The mechanician Leonhardt had
already provided such gong apparatus for the
Thuringian line. but 1t acted imperfectly. as it
was difficult to maintain In good condition tho
large galvanio batteries which were required
at the stations for setting the apparatus to
work 1t was an obvious idea to employ mag
netc inductors INSTEAD OF batteries. but tho
characterization machines known up to
that time were not suited for tho pur-
pose. S!emens proceeded to construct
new kind Of such inductors which
worked admirably, and aiterward entire
ly superseded all other constructions. Tho
essential feature OF his conductor was
the en- ployment as a rotating bar OF nm iron
cylinder. which was provided with deem or
posite grooves forming q channel for the re-
ceptlon Of the coil OF copper wire. From tho
form OF Its iron cross section this bar received
the name OF the double 7 armature; in Ing
land 1t 10 known as the Semons armature The
steel magnets. followed out ut the end, which
surrounded tho rotating cylinder. could be set
up along 1t apart from one another and ac-
cordingly exert more powerful effect. while |
they less Impaired zach others action. lnduct- |
ors OF this kind are to-day exclusively en- |
ployed wherever 1t is desired to produce DOW
erful currents by permanent magnetism.
".
1t was through the construction by Slemens
OF the so-called plate" machine that the |
problem OF the production OF uniform currents |
OF nearly constant tension by voltaic induc-
tion was actually solved. This plate" ma
china afa i1Ilv ~ m In n haF NJ |