davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

Shall American boys be permitted
them shall they be permitted to work
at them? They are apparently sim
pie questions, and the answering of
them is an apparently simple matter.
Most persons thus Intercepted would
reply at once: "Certainly they should.
Why do you ask such unnecessary
questions?" We ask them because
under the present conditions of trade
instruction and employment in this
country the American boy has no
rights which organized labor is bound
to respect. He is denied Instructions
as an apprentice, and if he be taught
his trade in trade school, he is re-
fused admission to nearly all 1.-THE
trade unions and is boycotted if he
attempts to work as a non-union
man. The questions of his character
and skill enter into the matter only
to discriminate against him. All the
trade unions of the country are con-
trolled by foreigners, who comprise
While they refuse admission to the
trained American boy they admit for
eign applicants with little or no re-
gard to their training or skill. In
fact, the doors of organized labor in
America, which are closed and barred
against American boys, swing open,
wide and free, to all foreign Corners.
Labor in free America is free to all
save the sons of Americans. These
are neither idle nor exaggerated
statements. They are sober, solemn
truths, expressed with studied mod
GRAFTON. called American labor
to- day is a complete misnomer, as far
as the trades are concerned. How
has it come about that the United
States, alone among the nations of
the earth, has not merely surrendered
possession of her field of mechanical
labor to foreigners, but acquiesces
when the foreign possessors exclude
from that field her own sons?-Centu-
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13
Migration.
birds aupear in crowds

Gay summer birds appear in crowds
Beneath an autumn sky,
While shrieking winds and lowering clouds
Warn them tits time to fly.
With eager joy they spread their wings
To take their southern flight:
There's One will guide their wanderIngs
To sunny lands, and bright.
O happy birds, forever free
From sorrow, toll and care,
How full of sweetness life must be,
How beautiful and fair
No winter storms about you blow;
No want is yours, nor pain;
Secure, to genial chimes you go,
Till spring returns again.
When doubts and cares my spirit blight,
o singing birds, like you,
To some blest land of love and light
tain would migrate, too
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13
How This /!

We offer One Hundred Dollars reward for
any case of Catarrh that cannot be cured
by Hall's Catarrh Cure.
FL. CHENEY g. CO, Toledo, o.
We, the undersigned. have known f. j
Cheney for the last Is years. and believe him
perfectly honorable in all business transac-
tions and financially able to carry out any
obligations made by their firm.
West " TruaX, Wholesale Druggists, Tole-
do, o. Walding, Kinnan & Marvin, Whole
sale Druggists, Toledo, o.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internally, act
ing directly upon the blood and mucous sur
faces of the system. Testimonials sent free.
Price Zoe per bottle. Sold by all Druggists.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

While the coinage of the Columbian
half dollars did not result in doubling
the appropriation of $4,000 it
nevertheless put about one million
additional into the Golfers of the Fair
managers. But they will not throw
the unsold portion on the market at
their face value. They will have them
recoined into the ordinary Govern
ment half dollars and thus the pur-
chasers of the early coins will be pro-
tected.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

In the rivalry between the coal min
ing companies as to which could mine
the largest "black diamond the
honors are easily with the United
States, thanks to the marvellous coal
deposits of the State of Washington.
There is now IN Chicago, from the
mines at Roslyn in that State, lump
Of coal twenty four feet in length,
five feet eight inches in width, four
feet eight inches in thickness, and
weighing forty one thousand pounds.
This is nineteen thousand pounds
more than the Hooking Valley lump,
and fifteen thousand pounds more
than the great block sent over from
England.
Washington State is a country of
great things. 1t has great mountains,
great trees, great crops, great fishes.
1t is fitting that it should eclipse all
competitors in respect to great Jumps
of coal.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13
Strength and Health.

Strength and Health. If you are not feel
ing strong and healthy, try Electric Bitters.
IF 'La Grippe" has left you weak and weary,
use Electric Bitters. This remedy acts direct
ly on Liver, Stomach and Kidneys. gently aid
ing those organs to perform their functions.
If you are afflicted with Sick Headache. YOU
will find speedy and permanent relief by taxi
ing Electric Bitters. One trial will convince
you that this is the remedy you need. Large
bottles only SOC. at II. C. Pierce's Drug Store. IS
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

Prevention is better than cure, and those
who are subject to rheumatism prevent
attacks by keeping the blood pure and free
from the acid which the disease. You
can rely upon Hoods Sarsaparilla RENE
dy for every form of scrofula, salt rheum,
boi1s and other diseases caused by impure
blood. 1t tones and vitalizes the whole sys-
tenn.
Hoods Pills are easy and gentle in effect
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

have been great sufferer from catarrh
for over ten years; had it very bad, could
hardly breathe. Some nights l could not
sleep and had to walk the floor. l purchased
Ely's Cream Balm and am using it freely, it
is working cure surely. have advised sew
era1 friends to use it, and with happy results
in every case. 1t is the medicine above all
others for catarrh, and it is worth it's weight
in gold. thank God have found a remedy
I can use with safety and that does all that is
claimed for it. It is curing my deafness.-B.
w. Sperry, Hartford, Conn.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

the least particle of trouble between
their father and mother, and in clos
ing this account of our first difficulty,
I thank God that I am enabled to de-
clare it was not only our first but our
last.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

The payment Of all deposits il guara
by the company's stockholders. The cl
stock is S5O,0O0.C0 and the additional liza
of stockholders $40, 10000, which pla
guaranty fund OF 500 10000 between dt
tors and any chance of loss. This mai
certain that no deposition in this banl
ever lose penny OF his deposit.
Nearly all the company's deposits are ID
ed right here in Orleans County and u
wife depositors, and others, TO investigal
loans, knowing they will pronounce the
tirely safe.
We invite your confidence and promij
entire safety and four per cent intcrel
sides.
The company also pays the taxes on al
posits of $1,000, or less.
@. A. PRoUTy, President. p. j. Farrell,
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13
returned

Another widely known lady, Mrs. N. Blatt
of 70 Mulberry Street, Newark, N. j., speak
ing in the same vein, says:
s'I have been suffering with pain in the back
and head. 1 tried doctors, but found no re-
lief. I was recommended to try Dr. Greene's
Nervura blood and nerve remedy. 1 now
sleep soundly and have no pain, and am well,
thanks to Dr. Greene's Nervura blood and
nerve remedy.
If you are sufferer from disease it is plain
~ your own fault if You do not get cured
This wonderful medicine, DIR. Greene's Ner-
vura blood and nerve remedy viii certainly
cure you. 1t is purely We getable and harm
less.
1t is constantly prescribed and recommend
ed by doctors. 1t is the discovery of physi-
clan, DR.. Greene, of 81 Temple Place, Boston,
Mass, the famous and successful specialist
in curing all forms of nervous and chronic
diseases. He can be consulted without
charge, personally or by letter.
The advancing years seem to pro-
duce an increase rather than a di-
minution in the number of gigantic
schemes. We have all heard of
the scheme for expanding $40, 900, 900
in the construction of monster dam
in the vicinity of Newfoundland that
would turn the Gulf Stream back on
itself and give New England a tropi-
cal climate, so that the Granite State
boys could climb palm trees to shake
off the succulent cocoanut on their
own bleak hillsides, while the Rhode
agement to the peripatetic Italian ba-
mana vender, as each and all of them
would have a banana tree in close
proximity to his own back porch.
A more recent scheme is the bridg
ing Of the English Channel between
Dover and Calais. 1t is said that this
scheme has gone so far that compa
ny has been formed to secure the nee
essary concessions from the British
and French Governments. The cost
of this bridge is something like $24O,
10000.
The latest scheme is one for roofing
London and other large cities, and
thus doing away with the umbrella
trust. The protector has not yet con-
sidered any such vulgar and insight
icant detail as the matter of cost, and
hence has not enlightened the public
on this point.
Such schemes are, adds the Anaeri-
can artisan, of course, largely vision
airy; but they indicate a tendency to
grapple with the most stupendous un-
dertakings that is in manner char
acteristic of the nervous and pro-
gressive age in which we live.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13
ORLEANS TRUST COMPA
Statement showing condition Of, at cl
business July LIST, 1893.

Statement showing condition Of, at oil
business July LIST, 1893.
Resources.
First Mortgage Loans. els2
Loans with Mortg'e as Collateral
Security, ~
Personal Notes, "a
Loans on other Collateral Security, q
Loans to Towns. Villages and Districts, 1
School Bonds, at par, i
Municipal Bonds, OF par,
National Bank Of Newport stock,
at par,
IsLand Pond National Bank stock,
at par,
Fort Fairfield, Me, National Bank
stock at par,
N. G.. Loan Company stock, at par, 10
Overdraft,
Furniture and Fixtures,
Cash on hand, on deposit in National
Banks, ~
Interest, due and unpaid,
Accrued Interest, not yet due, 2
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13
Liabilities.

Capital Stock, paid in,
Due 1856 Depositors,
Due State of Vermont, Taxes, about,
Unearned Discounts,
Treasurer's Checks outstanding,
Blls payable,
Undivided Profits,
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13

BUCKLEN's ARNIcA SALvE.-The Best Salve
in the world for Cuts, Bruises, Sores, Ulcers,
Salt Rheum, Fever Sores, letter, Chapped
Hands, Chilblains, Corns and all Skin Erup-
tions, and positively cures Piles, or no pay re-
quired. 1t is guaranteed to give perfect sat
isfaction, or money refunded. Price rs cents
per box. For Sale by II. G. Pierce
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1893-11-13
BOYS AND LABOR.

S Pills are easy and gentle in effect
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15
FOG AND LITTLE WIND.
Poor Prospects for the Regatta OF tho Ne
York Yacht Club.

Poor Prospects for the Regatta OF tho New
York Yacht Club.
New YORK, June l5.-The forty-eighth an
nual regatta Of the New York Yacht Club was
held in the lower bay today. The course was
from buoy No. II, below the Narrows, south to
Sandy Hook and east to the Sandy Hook light
chip and return over the same course.
The entries we're:
First-class schooners-Brunhilde, Coronet,
Dauntess. Romoua, Yampa.
Third-clsss chooners-Emerald, Lasca.
Fourth-class schooners-Clytie. Sham rock.
Fifth-elass chooners-Azeala, Victor, Neara,
Mouhegan.
Third-class sloop-Katrina.
Fourth-class sloop-Hildegard.
Fifth-class sloops-Clara, Eclipse.
The members of the club and their guests
witnessed the race on the iron steamboat
Taurus.
late in arriving at the starting point. The
prospect for good race was not encouraging,
as there was very little wind at IL o'clock and
fog still hung over the lower bay.
At PM, the fog having cleared away, the
racing yachts Of the New York Yacht Club in u
long string were observed coming down the
ship channel, the usual course toward the
southwest spit, their first turning point.
All were on the port tack with sheets close
hauled.
Most Of them carried club topsails and the
schooner yachts had also maintopmast stay
sails SGT.
The wind is from the south southeast blowing
sixteen miles an hour; weather partly cloudy;
sen smooth. A large number Of steam and
sailing yachts are at the races.
The yachts passed out by the Hook in the
following order: Lasca, 1:23 pm; Hildegard.
LES: yacht Pomona, 1882; Emerald, 1888; Vic
tor, 1885; Yampa, Coronet and Neara, 1877;
nanptIeaa lao. Shamrock Enl;n
1A4; Brunhilda, 1:52; Clytie. 1853; Azeala,
1:56.
They are ali out and standing toward Sandy
Hook lightship.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15

EAhooNs
than Mr. Dant's bid this spring. Something like
5000 was the bid, but witness did not remem-
Der who made the bid. Witness said that he
did not think either he or Mr.. Covert was COM
petent to superintend such work. Witness had
felt no personal responsibility or fear. Had
considered that it was not in his hands, and
that Mr.. Dant, the contractor, understood his
business, and that Capt. Thorpe and Col Aims
worth knew what they were doing.
In his inquiries last fall had found that every
one spoke we'll Of the carefulness and skill Of
Mr.. Dant.
Witness remembered a conversation with
Mr.. Lemley, in which he had said that In an
othea hour the danger would have been past.
Had said this in view Of the accident and with
no reference to danger. That is he thought
the pier would have been thoroughly under
pinned in one hour, and that there could have
been no possibility Of danger afterward.
Juror Hanvey-But it was only the half Of
the pier was it not?
Witness-Yes, but it would have made anv
fall impossible whom that was DONE say this
now, but at the time had no idea Of danger ex-
isting
JAS. II. DoNY.
This closed this witness testimony, and Mr..
JAS H. Dony was called to the stand. He was
a clerk in the building at the time Of the col
lapse. He was a printer. The body Of the
specifications, (which he set up" was in type
writing, he said. part was in Col. Aims
worth's handwriting. As a rule Col Ainsworth
told him to add the usual signatures They set
up great many specifications in the Office and
had a form for them all standing. He identi-
fed copy Of the printed specifications and said
which part came to him in typewriting and
which was in Col. Ainsworth's writing.
At the request Of several Of the juro rs the
witness was directed to produce the originals Of
the proposals and the contract but he though:
probable that they were not still in existence
He was quite positive that Mr.. Thorpes name
in the copy was not in his handwriting.
At this point the coroner adjourned the in
quest until o'clock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15
Baltimore Markets.

BALTIMORE. June l5.-Flour dull, unchanged
receipts, 9,507 barrels; shipments, 7sO barrels;
sales, 625 barrels. Wheat quiet and lower-No. 3
RED, spot. 70aIOH; June, 1Oa,OA: July, HANK;
August, TN bid; September, 1sk old; steamer
No Y, red, 65a65k-receipts, Is, 600 bushels ship
ments, 10000 bushels; stock, s34,5O9 bushels;
sales, $4,000 bushels. Milling wheat by sample,
ssaTi. Corn dull and easy-mixed, spot, AK a4s;
June, AZ asked; July. 4s asked-receipts, 61,97s
bushels; shipments, 9s,Ii4 bushels; stock. sss5ss
bushels; sales, l,l00 bushels. White corn by
sample, 81; yellow corn by sample, 49, Oats steady
No. white western, ~ asked; No. = mixed west
ern, S6as6H-receipts, 5000 bushels; stock, 75IO7
bushels Rye dull-No. 2, so, nominally-stock,
4s.466 bushels. Hay quiet and steady-good to
choice timothy, 15.5oalI0c. Grain frelghts quiet,
unchanged. Cotton hrm-middling, So. Pro-
visions quiet, unchanged Butter frmer-cream-
cry. fancy, 20; do. fair TO choice, 1sa1s do imi-
tation. IL. Eggs steady-l4ka15- Coffee dull
Rio cargoes fair. TX; No. I, l6K. Sugar strong
graduated, 81. Copper unchanged. Whisky
nrm-l.lSa1.19. Peanuts unchanged.
BALTIMORE, June 15.-Baltimore and Ohio
stock. 73a75; Baltimore and Ohio Southw estern
first incomes, 1881 bid; do. second incomes 81 bid;
do. thgrd incomes. bid; Consolidated gas bonds,
11l4; do. stocks IS bid.
Chicago Markets.
CHICAGO, June IS (closing)-Wheat-June,e 5,;:
July, 66S; September, 5O4. Commune, s9..;
July, 40Xa40H; September, 4lha4lX. Oats
June, 3ok; July, 2sh: September, rs. Pork-July,
1890; September, 20.65. lerd-June, 9.92X; july,
1905; September, loss. Short rbs-uly, $40;
September, 965.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15
A LAW CLASS BANQUET.

An Enjoyable Affair ut welcker's Last
NiRht-Toasts and Responses.
Amid ferns and palms the law class Of SO,
Columbian University, sat at q banquet at
Welcker's last evening, it being the farewell
meeting Of this organization as q class.
The affair was participated in by a large
majority Of the class, and the pleasure Of
the evening marks an occasion not soon
to be forgotten by those present. The serv-
ing Of the sumptuous menu was followed
by set toasts and responses from the
following gentlemen: sour Alma Mater" L.
H. Anderson; "Our Profession" J. G. Pollard;
Looking Backward" Paul 7. Gadsen; Look
ing Forward" A. v. Cushman; 1.-THE Prize, and
How Won It," by the prize man; "Class OF
'93, :" VIM. H. Kellar.
The president and winner Of the prize Of '9S
responded to the toast Of The class OF 49, in
words most complimentary to the officers and
members Of the class organization. Impromptu
toasts were responded to by the following: s.
R. Jacobs. F. H. Kiser. F. H. Finney, +. B.
Faust. W. l. Campbell and Mr.. Harvey. The
committee having the affair in charge consisted
OF Messrs. G. H. Shields (chairman), C. E.
Howe, W. L Campbell, W. NJ. Kelly and Ralph
r. Upton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15
Washington stock Exchange.

Sales-Regular call--i2 O'Clock m: U. s. Is,
reg, 500 At ITO. US Flee. Light, at TO- Ameri-
can GraphophoEe, at ~.
Government Bonds--U. =. s. registered, 1907
ITO bid. 1lOh asked U. s Ia. coupons, 1901,
III bid, lin asked
District of Columbia Bonds-2O-year fund, So,
1899, gold, 10S1s bid, asked.
Miscellaneous Bonds-Washington and George
town K K Cow. Us, lst. 49, bid, $50 asked. Wash
$50 asked Masonic Hall Association IS. - bid.
ITO asked. Washington Light Infantry list mort
gage Is, 1901. - bid. ,o3 asked Washington
Gas Co. Convertible q. 1901. 1872 bid, l4O asked.
Washington Gas Co.,series \, IS. IlS bid LIS asked.
washington Gas Co; series =, 6s, Il9 bid, asked.
asked. Capitol aud North Street Railroad LIST
IS. 1921. bid, 100 asked. Metropolitan Rail-
Electric Light Convertible IS, lls bid. IL, asked.
National Bank Stocks-Bank Of Washington, $50
bid s'0 asked BANK OF the Republic. = bid. 29o
bid. asked. Second. = bid. 100 asked. Farm
ers and Mechanics. 1870 bid. - asked. Citizens,
west End lis assed Sa s a'f SS
100 asked.
Railroad stocks-wasn,ngton and Georgetown
Capitol aud North . Street, - bid. IS asked.
Rock Creek. - Did. - asked Columbia, 65 bid.
80 asked.
Franklin, = bid. 90 asked Metropolitan. - bid
IS asked. National Union, - bid, 20 asked. Ar
ass s coa%Sa 40 asked 0. ssssa = riggs
bid. asked. Peoples. 81 bid. 5H asked. lincoln
g bid, = asked. Commercial. bid. So asked.
Potomac. 10 bid. - asked.
Title insurance Stocks-Colnmbia Title, 81 bid
So asked Real Estate Title, leo bid, = asked.
Gas and Electric Light Stocks-U. S. Electric
Light. = bid 40 asked. Washington Gas. - bid,
so asked Georgetown Gas. SO bid. - asked. &.
Telephone stocks - American Graphophone. \
bid. y asked Chesapeake and Potomac, bid,
Is asked. Pennsylvania, = bid, - asked
Miscellaneous Stocks Washington Market, II
bid, - asked: Great Falls Ice, = bid, 1870 asked.
Washington Brick Machine, bid, $50 asked.
Bull Kun Panorama. - bid. IS asked. Nor. and
Wash. Steamboat Co., 90 bid, - asked. Pneu-
matte Gun Carriage, bid, 60 asked lnterocean
Building, - bid, loo asked.
Safe Deposit aud Trust Companes-American
Security and Trust. - bid. 1870 asked. WASH
ington Loan and Trust, bid. 14O asked. National
Safe Deposit and Trust Co., = bid lao asked.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15

The Fog Horn on the McCallum Was Kel
Going, but That Did Not Warn the Servia,

The Fog Horn on the McCallum Was Kept
Going, but That Did Not Warn the Servia.
LIVERPOOL, June 15.-James White, second
mate Of the American ship McCallum. which,
while on q voyage from London to New York,
was run into and sunk on June by the
Cunard steamer Servia, in an interview today
confirms the story of the disaster as told by
these dispatches yesterday upon the arrival Of
the Servia at Queenstown with the twenty-four
survivors Of the McCallum's crew on board
White says that the McCallum entered fog
bank at midnight June Z. The fog horn Of the
McCallum was kept going at regular intervals.
At about O'Clock in the morning. when the
ship was in latitude 40 north, longitude 80 west,
or about 240 miles from Sandy Hook, the
Servia rushed out Of the fog bank and came
bow on into the McCallum, smashing into her
quarter and cutting her planking and timbers
as though they were match sticks.
White learned after reaching the steamer
that no one on the Servia heard the McCallum's
fog horn saw anything Of her until few
seconds before she was sighted lying directly
across the steamers bow. 1t was too late to
stop the momentum Of the steamer, though
her engines had been put full speed astern rs
soon as the McCslium's lights doomed through
the fog.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15
THE MARLBORO sCAFFOLD.
It Il Brought Into Town and Taken to tn,
Lail

At u brought Into Town and Taken to the
Jail.
Special Dispatch to The Evening Star
MARLBORO, Nd, June 15.-The scat
fold on which William Pinkney and
Daniel Barber are to pay the death penalty for
the murder Of Francis NJ Bowie was brought
into town this morning shortly after
o'clock.
1t attracted considerable attention as 1t was
drawn toward the jail
Charles Randall at once set to work to Join
and attach the beams. The timber used is of
white oak, painted red. 1t was built in detached
portions at Forestvile. The instrument Of
death is twenty feet in height, the stand being
twelve feet from the ground Two trap doors
will be used which will drop the murderers side
by side, but not sufficiently close to come in
contact with each other. 1t will stand at the
southeast corner Of the Jail, the approach being
by the rear entrance on the ground floor.
The condemned men are gradually awaken
ing to their doom and Barber now manieests q
religious spirit. Pinkney has expressed q wish
to be baptized within the week
Barber saw the scaffold when brought in this
morning. but showed no emotion. Since the
hammering has gone on both men show visible
signs Of distress. Pinkney now occupies the
cell from which Mike Green and Joe Vermillion
were taken by masked mob and hanged,
fifteen and three years ago respectively-the
former for rape and the latter for arson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1893-06-15
UNSUCCESSFUL IN BUSINESS.
Assignment OF c. Cottier & Son, Diamond
Dealers in New York.

Assignment OF c. Cottier & Son, Diamond
Dealers in New York.
NEW YORK, June 15.-Charles Cottier and
Jean Cottier, composing the firm Of C. Cottier
4 Son, dealers in diamonds at No. III Broad
way, today assigned to Samuel Greenbaum,
without preferences. The liabilities, it is said,
exceed 100000.
Mr.. Greenbaum, the assignee, stated to a
reporter that the failure was caused by poor
business and heavy losses caused by the
failures Of Kuehn. Doringer Il Co, c. s.
Eaies + Co., and Sanford & Co. The assets
will at least equal the liabilities.
A BANK CLOSED.
ARKANSAS CITY. KAN, June 15.-The First
National Bank of this city, one Of the oldest
and generally believed to be one Of the strong
est financial institutions in the southwest, has
failed.