davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
ST. C~LAIRsvILLE.

ST. CLAIRsvILLE, January 2S.-The pro-
gramme for the Belmont County Farmers
Institute 10 be held at the Court House
Hall February 18th and 10Th is an excel
lent one and will certainly draw a large
crowd.
A public Quaker wedding at Louisville
attracted O large crowd TO the little meet
ing house on Wednesday. A number OF
years ago such weddings were very com
mon. The participants were Josiah &.
Merritt and Rebecca S. Frevel. The fol-
lowing persons Of this place were presents:
Misses Ada Sutton and Alice Edgerton
and Messrs. Arlin Hartley and e. q. Hon.
A sleighing party went TO Flushing
Thursday night and enjoyed an elegant
dance at the hotel Mr.. George Hughes
furnished the music.
Charles Steger, Of Cardington, made a
visit 10 friends here this week.
Mr.. Brice Murphy Is confined TO his
home with a severe sprsin received while
coasting.
John Ried, q blind boy Of this place, Is
furnishing the music 10 draw the crowd
for a patent medicine man.
Hon. Albert A. Lawrence has gone 70 the
Flushing sanitarium. He was suffering
from q slight attack Of pneumonia
Isaac Davis suffered a slight stroke
Wednesday. butts q great deal better now.
The following marriage licenses were is
sued this week: Leon X. Hayes and Mary
e. Seal, Stephen Herink and Mary Dlesk,
Anton Pencar and Mary Holdina- One
marked ''don't publish"
There is a travelling salesman for
O'Keefe's pills in town.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
G.

The leading social event OF the week
| took place at the Good Templars'
Hall on Friday evening, 1t being a recer-
| ton given under the auspices OF that -four
ishing organization known as the US.
Considerable preparations Tor the event
were made by the willing hands OF the
band. The hall was prettily decorated
with evergreen and holly. while the stage
was decorated with bunting and fags.
About one hundred and fifty were present
to partake of the hospitality OF the young
ladies. After the guest had assembled in
the hall, nine young ladies bewitchingly
sttired in polks and gowns representing
the famous peak Sistersn occupied the
stage for g lengthy time. They
went through some comic songs n
recitations, delighting all with their pres
ence. The drill was under the supervision
OF Miss Blanche Dunlevy, one OF the zeal
Gus workers Of the association, TO whom
they owe a great deal toward the success
of their band. After the entertainment
light refreshments were served and all de-
parted reluctantly, only wishing hat such
another enjoyable affair would again
be booked for the nesr future.
On Friday afternoon John Lampkins, q
roller in the matching department OF the
! sheet mill at the 4Ena, was seriously
burned about the face and neck. He was
working around the gas producer and was
leaning over examining q valve when the
gas blew up in his face, burning him con-
siderably. DR.. Var Wagner was sum
moned. The man was removed TO MS
home in the West End and is reported rs
resting as easy as could be expected un-
der such circumstances.
The members of Branum Post No. 22l
held q meeting at their hall on Friday
evening, aud installed Joseph l.. Wilson.
Commander, and Samuel Martin, Adiu-
tant.
The watering tough in front Of M. Mil
kr's saloon in Etnaville has been frozen
aver since the winter weather set in, thus
preventing farmers from watering their
horses. 1t is hardly thought that the
trough will be ready for use until the frost
is entirely out OF the ground.
Religious services will be held at the M.
F.. Church during the coming week under
the auspices OF Rev. G.. B.. Henthorne.
Burt Hopkins spent yesterday with
friends in town, having stopped here on his
way home from Colerain, where he had
been participating IN ar entertainment.
~. II. Robinson and wife, OF Tllton-
vile, were down yesterday.
Mrs. Rine and daughter are visiting
friends at Brilliant.
w. T. Graham Is home from a business
trip to Chicago.
3. M. Caldwell is home from Pittsburg
DR.. VIM. Stewart, Of Stewards Land
ing. was in town yesterday calling on
friends.
Rev. Z. M. Worthington has returned
from a brief visit 10 GAINESVILLE.
Andy Washington was arrested yester-
day for disorderly conduct.
Hon. Ross j. Alexander was at Pow
hatan yesterday.
Mrs. Charles Coss is indisposed.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
BENWOOD.

Mr.. Oliver Turvey, q popular. young gro
cervman of McMechen, and Miss Jenny
Keller, a we'll known young lady OF that
place. were quietly married one evening
last week az the home Of the brides par.
ents on McMechen avenue.
Miss Rose Riddle, of Wheeling, was Wis
iting her sister, Mrs. Kelley, on Water
street, Friday.
Miss Nora Dolbear is the guest Of friends
in Martins Ferry.
The pudding department OF the Ben
wood iron works will resume tomorrow,
after q somewhat protracted period OF
idleness.
The bell weld department at the River
side tube works has suspended operations
until the steel plant resumes, which IL Is
expected to do in the course Of several
weeks.
The funeral OF Mrs. David Anderson,
who died OF consumption, took place Fri
day. The remains were inferred in Nc
Mechen's cemetery.
Joseph McMahon has sold out his inter
est In the grocery business conducted by
himself and Mr.. Turvey, and will probably
locate in Wheeling.
Yesterday was pay day at the Riverside
tube works.
Mr.. VIM. Lineberger, who is at the City
Hospital, underwent a critical surgical
operation there Thursday.
The ice in the river at this point Is GER
tainly not safe, but pedestrians still con-
tinue 10 use il as a th~oroughfare.
The Arbitration Committee, which has
been in session sometime at Squire Rid
dies Office has completed the examination
of witness on the side OF those claiming
damages and the other side will now be-
gin its work.
Mr.. James Scally, brother OF Mrs. Muir
raw. died quite unexpectedly at his home
Ia Wheeling Friday evening. The de-
ceased had a large circle OF friends here.
MIR. Christian Beck has been unable TO
word for the past week, owing TO an at
tack OF typhoid fever.
Miss Nora Serig is the guest OF friends
in Jerusalem. q.
The strikers on the street car line had
Dolan's large express wagon out yesterday
carrying passengers between here and
Wheeling.
District Teachers Institute will be held
here February IL. and will be conducted
by Prof. X. A. Riggs.
Harry Noble, the young man who fell
from the trestle in upper Benwood, and
broke his arm and dislocated bis hip, is at
his home, on South Huron street. His In
juries are very painful, and he does not re-
cover rapidly.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

sented a Iaughable sight, executing the
figures OF the may TO the music OF the
Lazear orchestra. After unmasking
and proving themselves to be some q
else the young folks engaged In various
interesting games until called to the
dining room TO discuss something much
more inviting and substantial than
0ghosts.~ But the amusements did not
lag until a late hour. Among those
present were Misses Florence Harvey,
Alice Baxter, Alice Campbell, Matte
George. Carrie Matthews, Annie Hall,
Virginia Beall, Matte Scott, Frances
Tarr. Nellie Bracken, Pansy McCleary,
Jennie Exley, Messrs. Argyle Campbell,
Curtis Barth, Charley McKelvey. Bern
Dornan, James Lloyd, Albert Caldwell,
Calm Werlich, Bryant Boyd, Roy Nc
Cleary, Dan Jacob and John Davis.
The affair was well arranged and nicely
executed.
Wednesday afternoon at 9 o'clock a
pretty wedding occurred at st. Luke's
Church, the principals OF which were
Miss Minnie Edith Crowther, OF this
city and Mr.. Clyde Ernest Campbell, OF
Utica, Ohio. The bridal party entered
the church in the following order to tho
strain Of the wedding march played by
Miss Annie Sage: First, the ushers,
Messrs. Archie Taylor, Harry Trimble,
Albert Crowther and Josh Buckley,
then the bride attired In a handsome
tan gown with hat and gloves to match,
leaning on the arm OF her brother, Mr..
Robert Crowther. They were met at
the chancel by the groom and mis- best
man, Maj. Davidson of the Seventeenth
Ohio Regiment, and were made man and
wife according TO the beautifulEpiscopal
marriage service by Rev. Jacob Brit
tingham. After the ceremony a brief
reception was held, when the bridal
party entered carriages and were driven
TO the P, C. 81 st. L. depot, where they
took the $3.50 train for an extended East
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

PORTLAND STATION. O., January
Miss Bird Chapman, OF the Island, vlsiteo
friends here this week.
f. Ellis Weldy was the guest or Il. ..
Betton's family last Sunday.
Henry West, wife m daughters Maude
and Pearl attended the Campbell-Crowther
wedding at Wheeling Wednesdays
Miss Edith Elliott, OF Steuoenville, re-
turned to her home after a brief visit with
her sister, Mrs. T. j. Stringer.
G.. Il. Akens, Of ~Tiltonville, was calling
nm Portland friends Monday.
Miss Lola Sutherland, q charming young
LADY of Smithfeld. spent several days with
her cousin. Miss Jessie Betton. this week.
Miss Lulu Nicely is visiting Martins
Ferry friends.
Capt Henry Consnt died at the residence
Of Can't Thomas Moore last Sabbath
morning. His remains were inferred at
MI Wood Cemetery, Wheeling, Monday.
Miss Minnie Stringer is visiting relas
tives at Bloomfield.
Mrs. 7. j. Hodgens was called to Wheel
ing by the serious Illness OF her sister,
Mrs. ID. z. Phillips.
The Young people of this place enjoyed
the sleighing while it lasted.
Miss Eva Conley, Of MI. Pleasant was
the guest Of her cousin, Dr., Hcgue' one
day last week.
Bert Ansley, the popular drug clerk at
T. V. Moore's, left Friday for East Liver
pool TO spend a few days with MS parents
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
HANNIBAL.

HAsssAL, o., January 2s.--W. B.
OfNeill was at Wheeling on business the
first OF this week.
John Kast Is home from Cleveland and
will remain with his parents until the first
of March.
Mrs. Paul Rist was visiting her brother,
Mr.. John Easily, the first Of the week.
Miss Rena Noll left Wednesday for
Wheeling, where she is visiting her sister,
Mrs. Sam Lenkard, Of the Island.
Mrs. Lou Muhleman and Miss Cal Muh-
leman, Of Buckhil, o., were In town
"wednesday calling on friends.
Rev. Kuster is holding a series Of meet
in9s in the German NJ. 4. Church, OF which
he Is pastor.
Albert fisher returned TO Steubenyille,
O.. Monday evening after a visit OF several
weeks al his home at this place.
Miss Edna Dunlap was az Sardis, o.,
the first Of this week
A sleighing party from C~larington, O.,
vas In town Tuesday evening and took
supper at the Hannibal House.
Evan Williams and wife. OF West vtr-
ginis, were calling on friends In toHn this
Wee1<
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

dance, given at the residence OF Mr..
John Vernon by several OF the young
folks of that place. Among the many
present we noticed the following per-
sons: Misses Vogel, Katie Miner, Ra-
chel Cresap, John Youngma, Rich Nc
Clyre, John Cooper. Gala Mitchell, Mr..
McCune, of Wheeling; Mr.. and Mrs. j.
3. Welshhaus, Clara FILLER, Jacob Zil-
Ter, Laura Moore, Stella Moore, Chas.
Myre, Rosa Crossgrove, Mercer Moore,
James Moore, Amelia Straub, Mary
Straub, Mr.. and Mrs. Adam Ill
Ter, John Felsiuger. Of Gfen's Run;
J. M. McColloch. Byron McColloch,
Florence McColloch, Charles Zeidier
and Bro. Lewis Mcclure, Mary Mcclure
and Sister Emsley, and Bro. Al. McCol-
loch, Mary Wait. Robert Ennis, OF
Short Creek; Lucian Ridgely, West Lib
erty: James Wilson, Charles Akew, TIL
tonville; James Talbert, Wheeline, and
others. Music by Shockley's Band.
Refreshments were served at q season.
able hour, after which dancing was re-
sumed Until a very late hour In the
morning the guests began to depart Tor
their homes, carrying with them memo
ries of a we'll spent evening.
"a
Ed. Erb entertained the members OF
the Dueber Boys Fishing Club. at his
homo on Sixteenth street, on Tuesday
evening, January cath. The evening
was pleasantly spent In progressive
euchre and other games. About eleven
o'clock tempting refreshments were
served, to which the young men did
ample Justice, %pronouncing them much
superior to any fishing camp repast. The
guests departed at twelve o'clock much
delighted with their entertainment.
The Ideal Dancing Club will give q
dance at the Mercantile Club rooms
Wednesday evening, February Sth.
-
The Ponuias Club will give a nasquer-
ade ball Tuesday evening at the Wheel
ing Club rooms. This is going to be q
great affair.
Miss Annie Lee, entertained a num-
Der Of her friends in a very pleasant
manner at her home No. 1911 Eoff
street ldSb HIiUdJ SNSuiuS' A4OSAOoSi'O
euchre occupied the evening until mid
night when elegant refreshments were
served, after which the game was
again INDUCED in. After an exciting con-
test Miss Anna Wingerter and Mr.. John
]. Coniff were awarded the first honors
while Miss Lizzie KugIsn and Mr.. Chas.
Schambra captured the tiny prizes.
~ ?
Thursday evening Miss Jennie Car
roll handsomely entertained The Rev
elers at her home on Ohio street, Island.
As usual, the Mandolin and Guitar Club
furnished the music. The recitations
by Mr.. Rainbow were highly appreci-
ated. At midnight all did justice to a
splendid supper. 1t was a late hour
when the guests departed with good
wishes for their hostess.
~
The event Of the week will be the
Linsly hop at the rmory on Friday
evening. A handsome and brilliant
gathering is expected on the scene.
-
There Is talk of giving a fancy dress
ball Immediately after Lent. 1t will be
a brilliant affair, il given, as o number
OF prominent society gentlemen have
the affair in view.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

the set. Partners then join right hands,
uplifted, the ladies standing under the
arches so formed and %pirouetting
toward the centre, making a courtesy TO
their respective partners. The ladies
then form a star and polka around, the
gentlemen doing likewise. When the
polka is finished the music changes to
slow march time. In this figure is seen
some very graceful posing. Thedancers,
after performing several minuet move
ments, stand grouped in tho centre OF
the set, the hands nearest the
centre joined high, forming an arch
under which the dancers turn
their heads until they view
point-blank the opposite couple. After
this figure all face outward and per-
form several more minuet movements,
finishing with a courtesy to the center.
All then join hands in a circle, holding
the hands high and performing the
Spanish movement. This figure is TO
be danced four times before the original
partners join in couples again. Each
figure ends with 4 pretty semicircle
movement to the right and lett. The
closing figure is a very lively n In
galop time, ending with the four cou-
pies standing on the corners OF the
square facing partners. A general
waltz Of ninety-si1 bars concludes the
dance.
Miss Ella Wickart entertained a num-
Der OF friends last Wednesday evening
at her home on Jacob street. Dancing
aud music were the features OF the
evening. Miss Annie Shaw and Mr..
Harry Bennett added much to the en-
ioyment Of the evening by some very
fine selections. Refreshments were
served and discussed at q s~easonable
hour,
Wednesday evening the friends Of
Miss McMasters, of Ohio street, tender
ed her q surprise in honor Of her birth
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
NASTY PIECE OF BUSINESS.
A Divorce Case In High Life In LONDON
Great Interest Manifested I

LONDON, January 27.-Another divorce
case in high life Is attracting attention
here. The plaintiff IN the sction Is LAoy
Alice Gooch. wife OF Sir Alfred Sherlock
Gooch. who asks the divorce court TO grant
her a separation from her husband because
of his adultery. Sir alfred In his defence
makes counter charges Of adultery against
Lady Alice. declaring that she has had
Illicit relations with Captain Eden. he
further pleads IS a bar 10 her action that
she condoned his violation OF the marriage
VOWS. Lady Alice denies the charges
made by her husband aud alleges thai IN,
stead OF Captain Eden bong q favored
lover Of her, he was apersistent prosecutor
OF her. Sir Alfred does not deny that ne,
kept a collection Of Mistresses, but claims
that his wife knew this and condoned MS
offences. The case is still on.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
killed NJ the crossing.

WILMINGTON, DEL, January 27.-While
crossing the railroad tracks this morning
TWO unknown men were struck By an ezra
s~outhhound express and instantly killed. A
third, John johnson, had his thigh broken
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
MIDWINTER PLEASURES
THE MANY HAPPY AEFARSTHAT FIGURE IN
THB MONTH OF JANUARY.

Various Private Dancing Partiss-Nany Surprise
eathsrings-PNpls S6ll Condnus to We'd.
Cher Festivities Of the Wssk-Gen-
eral Social Gossip
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

BuRpocK's BLOOD BIrTERs taken
after eating will relieve any feeling OF
weight or OYER fullness Of the stomach.
Sold everywhere.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29
An Idyl thought.

An Idyl Thought.
WrNfmJ Tor the Rsg1s-sr.
What makes memory so sad
As silent winter scsne,
When uOiselCssly the snowtaEeS tal,
Bringing back many a long past Dream
We see first our childish hope,
A lover: prince Charming" comes
With crown and sword1 hand, % WIN.
From far OF land where he SIN rOams.
A few years pass. It's then we say:
such love Is vain by poets sung
For us no dreamy love lay sweeL
A golden nest must be our home.
Next. a bonnie college lad
Leads us 90 hope love may endure;
We promise faith. he goes away.
Alas, cur hearts can Know no cure.
Our school is ser, the world before Us lies.
A fair young bud ia he's trst SESSION,
All kinds Of men Ia homage use; We'll win
The coolest OF we'l know the reason.
In vain we soon extend our arts,
We fall ourselves into the net;
And Just IS we begin 20 hope
He seeks a bride from "an older set"
At last We see our hero brave,
Tall and athletic, q tower OF strength.
He bows before us. we whtspero our conhdant
Our latent TO drop hirting al length.
She " "Hs likes you, at least he has
said
How charming you are, how witty, how
bright"
Our hopes 20 up high, while she's with US;
he really has called every night.
People whisper Wh,n we are together,
Aad several laugh. ''W hen Is the day.
We make room FOR the ring on our anger,
when our friend says, I've something 10
say"
sYou see, dear, 7 long have debated,
Since you noticed my dear boy az al,
We've been engaged tn whole summer.
Yopll, OF course, Ee my bridesmaid In TIE
fals"
4. L. L.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

Two dozen ghosts were merrily enter
tanned on Friday evening by Miss Katie
Roberts st the home OF DR.. and Mrs.
II. G. Roberts, in WellsbGrg. She was
assisted by her sister, Miss Anita, her
brother Arthur and Miss Jeanette
Campbell. The phantoms were ar
in sheets and masks and pre-
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

Tuesday evening a number Of young
people called on Mr.. E. L. Sims at his
boarding house, in the East End, and
rendered him q surprise in honor of his
birthday. Among those present were
several from near Benwood. The even
ing was spent in 4 pleasant manner by
sll present, in dancing and games. Re-
f-eshments were served ct 10 o'clock.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

The Harmony Club, Of the South
Side, gave Its second annual ball Tues
day night, in Teutonia Hall. At ten
O'Clock the march was led by Mr.. and
Mrs. Herman Schambra. The costumes
worn were very eJmical, and the affair
was q success.
On Friday evering, at Wilson's sta
ton, wa the scene OF . delightful
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

FollAwlng is a brief dsAcI
the gelh dance: Partners
Is IL a lQuadrille, facing the
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

A merry sleighing party drove out
from Martins Ferry, Monday evening,
and IN company with q number OF ST.
Clairsville young folks, took supper at
the Clarendon. Among the party were
Misses Kate Ralston, Jennie Dixon,
Anna McKim, Edith McKim, Lena Nc
Way, S. 5. Thomas; Messrs. Robert A.
BACKYARD, Walter Taylor, Will Dixon,
Alex. Dixon, and Gee. G. Ralston.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

The marriage of Mr.. Francis D. Cliff
ton and Miss Anna Schwanenberger
took place Tuesday morning al the St.
Joseph'S Cathedral. The ceremony was
performed by the Rev. Father McElli-
gott, and quite a number Of the friends
and relatives of the contracting parties
were present.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

Wednesday evening the friends OF
Miss McMaSters, of Ohio street, tender
ed her q surprise in honor Of her birth
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1893-01-29

The event Of the week will be the
Linsly hop at the armory on Friday
evening. A handsome and brilliant
gathering is expected on the scene.
The herald., 1893-05-01

the risk run by the companies. We
have lately added several new chemical
machines to our department. These
have naturally lessened the risk OF con.
iagration, and yet we are forced to pay
the same rates OF insurance now that
we had to pay before the depart
ment was thus reinforced. Why have
not the companies come down in their
charges in ratio with the increase OF
protection? Or is the insurance busi-
ness conducted on exceptional Drinci-
ples? Is IL with them all game OF
Observation-Disclosures (? 1t would
seem 80. They have formed pool, or
close corporation. of all the companies,
and fixed extortionats charges upon
their policies in this state. When some
relief from their oppression is sought
from the legislature, they at once send a
lobby and sack to Sacramento TO de-
feat it. They have the state under their
thumb, and like the great New York
boss they ask, "What are you going TO
do about it2" We look forward to the
time when these unconscionable cor
morasts will be forced to relax their
grip. 1t is long coming; but 1t will
come
The herald., 1893-05-01
A pesert rand swlndle.

The Fresno Expositor says an indi-
vidual sailing under the name Of W. J.
Raymond is swindling eastern people
by selling them lands on the Colorado
desert. Raymond represents these lots
as good citrus growing lands, and his
victims are beguiled into buying by the
knowledge that Riverside, Redlanda and
other fine orange producing sections are
in the same region of country. They do
not know that the Colorado desert is
destitute Of water and almost destitute
of Vegetation that it is dry, parched,
inhospitable plain, with a barren soil
and climate like furnace. This fell
low Raymond ia doing the state great
harm, aside from the fact that he is
Z winding unsuspecting people. His
victims, when they discover the worth
less character of the land they have
bought, will be apt to Judge the rest of
the state by that. They will also be
distrustful of all men with California
land to sell, and will scarcely be able to
diyest themselves of the idea that every
proposition to sell California land is q
swindle. Steps should be taken to ex-
pose Raymond in the eastern press.
The herald., 1893-05-01

IT is well to bear in mind that while
the American navy showed up very
creditably during the great Columbian
naval display in New York, we could
have been very readily eClipsed if the
governments of Great Britain and
France, and perhaps even of Italy and
Russia, had cared to have humiliated
us. The new navy starts out well, but
there should be no intermission in ex-
panding and improving it. We have
taken the thing in hand in good sea-
son, and we should bear in mind the
scriptursl injunction in this connection,
viz, 'That which thy hand dndeth to
do, that do thou diligently" England
and France sent only cruisers to the
great review. while they might have sent
line of battle ships. Still, there is some
consolation in the remark of the British
admiral in magazine article, to the ef'
feet that the whole British navy, as at
present constituted, was absolutely
worthless for the real purposes OF nsva
warfare.