The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1893-05-10
white Grubbs-rhe Farmers Pest.

Prof. Webster sav1: white grubs are
the offspring OF the May beetles of juno
bugs. While the wire worms develop to
adults in summer and live over winter in
that stage, the white grubs pass the win
ter either as grub pUpae and develop TO
adults in spring otherwise the life history
of the two ia much the same. The eggs
are laid in the ground. notable in grass
lands and Matched in about thirty DAYS
The young work little injury the first
year, but the next they Tava0e the fields
most seriously These grubs prefer the
higher to the lower lands. and therefore
| drainage has much less effect upon them.
Probably fall blowing and rapid rotation
of crop are the best method to pursue.
Fertilizing with barnyard manure is q pro-
lection against damage in infested fields.
The application of substances to the
ground. with a view of destroying the
grub, has long been advocated, but as yet
no great benefit has been derived, nor in
deed has the fact OF the efficiency without
harm to the crop been fully established.
except in some cases where the expense
of the substance and it's application would
be too great to admit of it's being profit
ably used. Under this last category will
come caustic lime wash car bon bisulphides,
bacco water, gas-tar water smmoniacRl
water and decoctions OF burdOok leaves
have all been tried by the writer. but in no
case were the grubs killed without killing
the plants also. In some cases. notable
with the burdock decoCtion, the grubs ap-
peared to iorsake the roots OF plants and
crawl to one side. probably TO return after
the effects of the application has been eff
faced by absorption, rains, etc.
When and How to Spray Fruit.
The importance of the subject leads US
20 give space to a summary of rules for
spraying. as prepared by Prof. w. j..
Green:
1. The profit to be derived from spraying
orchards often exceeds $50 per acre, and for
vineyards is much more The fruit crop OF
the state would be enhanced in value by sew
eral million dollars annually IL the practice
were generally followed.
2. Combined fungicides and insecticides are
recommended whenever applicable, because of
saving of time less liability OF in uring foli-
age greater efficiency in some cases, and as
ap revolutionary m easure in others.
g. Dilute Bordeaux mixture, copper-arsenic
solutlon and ammonieeal solution OF copper
carbonate are the most useful for the treatment
has the widest range of usefulness of all.
4. Early spraying is the key to success in the
use of fungioides.
5. For the plum curculio and shot-hole
fungus use Bordeaux mixture and Paris green
combined making three or four applications.
liz is not known that this treatment will pre-
vent the black knot, but cutting away and
burning the diseased branches will accomplish
the result.
6. Scsbby apples rot much earlier than
| those free from scab, and spraying with fungi
! oides will save at least fifty per cent of this
| loss.
7. Spraying with funRicdes in the season Of
| 1907 nravented much of the early dropping Of
apples, which is usually attributed to wet
& For apples, two applications Of Bordeaux
mixture before blooming are advised. and two
| of the same mixture after blooming, with Paris
| green added.
Q. The same treatment is recommended for
the near as for the apple before blooming. but
| the oopper-arsenio solution II advised after
| blooming.
10. The Bordeaux mixture, IL used to late.
causes a russell appearance on both pears and
apples.
IL. The ounce may be treated the same IS
! apples or with Bordeaux mixture alone.
il. The treatment for the cherry consists in
making two or three applications of Paris
/ green. two ounces TO nifty gallons Of water.
| I3 Peach trees and American varieties OF
plums have very tender foliage. and must be
| treated with very weak mixtures. II at all.
| IA Kaspberres may be treated with Bor-
deaux mixture alone; grapes with the same
until the fruit sets, after which use copper car.
! bonate. Potatoes should be sprayed at least
| FIVE times with Bordeaux mixture and Paris