davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate and Topeka tribune., 1893-11-01
RAILROAD AND CORPORATION AT
TORNEYg IN CONGRESS,

road and other corporations hsv,
their paid attorneys in congress tt
look after their special interests
They engineer such measures through
Rs their employers desire, and they
defeat such measures as are displeas
ing to them. II is not often, however
that one Of these attorneys gives him
self away as clearly as did the con-
gressmsn from the Fourth Kansas
district when the bill was reported
from the house committee to compel
the railroad companies whose lines
run through the Cherokee strip to
erect depots and put in side tracks at
the towns located along those lines
by the agents Of the government.
We have seen a great many refer
ences in republican papers to the
little colloquy of Mr.. Curtis and Mr..
Simpson in the house during the dis
Cussion of this bill. We have read
in these corporation organs how
Jerry was paralyzed by the new
congressman; and we have seen it
facetiously stated as a reason why
Jerry had come to Kansas that Mr..
Curtis made it uncomfortable for him
in the house. Such is the reliability
tithese organs.
In order that our readers may
know the facts concerning this little
affair in the house as well as under
stand what kind of a representative
they have from this district we repro
duce from the Congressional Record
Of October 20 and 21 that part of the
discussion Of the bill which shows Mr..
Curtis relation to it as we'll as his
little controversy with Mr.. Simpson.
The gist Of the whole controversy
turns upon the fact that the railroad
companies in collusion with a few
Indians, or pretended Indians, under
took to steal the town sites along
their lines in order to speculate upon
the town lots. They 80 far succeeded
in securing the lands whore depots
had been established, that when the
agents of the interior department.
went to locate town sites as the law
required, they found the land already
monopolized around these railroad
stations, so that they we're compelled
to locate the government townsiteS
elsewhere. This done, and the towns
being built up by bona fde citizens
some Of them having three or four
thousand inhabitants, the railroad
companies refused to establish sta
tions or afford freight or mail facili-
ties for their accommodation. The
bill in question was to compel them
to do these things.
Mr.. Wheeler from the committee
having charge Of the bill SAID:
The evidence before the committee
seemed 70 be pretty clear that certain
parties made contracts with the Indians
purchasing all or nearly all Of their allot-
ments and then arranged with the Indians,
/ presume before the transactions were
made,to have the allotments located as near
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
British Military Tournament.

New YORK CITY, \. v, Sept. Is.
"A British military tournament
is in progress at the Madison
Square Garden. Interesting drills,
military sports and realistic scenes
of famous war incidents comprise
the program. OF those who are par
ticipating, twenty-four served with
the Royal Horse Artillery, and
have two guns and sixteen horses ;
twenty-fOur with the First Life
Guards, all with horses; twenty
with the Fifth Royal Irish Ian
GERS, with horses; sixteen with
'Prince Albert's Own" the
Eleventh Royal Hussars, with
horses; twenty with the Grena-
der Guards; twenty-five with the
Forty-secOnd Highlanders, the
famous "Black Watch" regiment ;
twenty with the COnnaught Rang
ers, and others formerly with the
Royal Engineers and Medical Staff
Corps. A military band of fifty
men who We're members of the
bands of the First Life and Cold
stream Guards furnished the mu-
sic. The military staff consists of
Captain c. w. Gordon, Royal Ar
tillery, in command of the brigade !;
Captain r. NJ. Dawson, Third bat
talon Essex infantry, Lieutenant
w. Rawson Turner, Fifteenth hus-
sars, riding master, and Lieutenant
J. Rymer, First Life Guards, quar-
termaster. This tournament has
just completed an engagement at
the Worlds fair.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
TAKE THE KATY FLYER FOR
CHICAGO

The NJ. X. & Il. railway is now run
ming daily a solid vestibuled train consist
ing of elegant coaches, chair cars Seats
free and Wagner Buffet sleeper lighted
throughout with Pintsch gas from Hous-
ton to Chicago via Smithvllle, Taylor,
Dallas, Fort Worth and Hannibal.
Passengers from San Antonio and vi
cinity desiring to travel on this magnifi-
City. Sleeper leaving San Antonio via
Southern Pacific at 9 p. m. every night
and transfers into Chicago sleeper at
Hillsboro at a. m. next morning, with
out having to get off the train, arriving
in Chicago at AIS p. m. second day in the
remarkable quick time of 43 hours and
Is minutes. making direct connections
with all trains for the east and northwest.
For ticket and sleeping car berths apply
to J. M. knight, ticket agent, or Hal
Howard, assistant ticket agent Southern
Pacific railroad, opera house building or
deDot. IT If
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13

~ helped to dig this country out
of the wilderness and often think
that you young folks can't under
stand 1T. You have things made
too smooth for you, these days.
Nothing would do, Jennie, here,
ntiI she had to throw away the
old wood stove and cook with gas;
and it was more like play than
work. Now she's out with gas be-
cause she has heard they are cook
ing with electricity up north, and
she'll not be satisfied until she
tries that. Think of the years and
years her grandmother cooked on
a big fireplace. This was some
thing like work. But l can tell
you right now, nothing will ever
taste as good again as the homely
meals she used to cook in that old
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13

"You have a great many improve
ments, now, 1 don't deny that.
You have a grocery at the corner,
where you can get anything you
want to eat; and you can step on
the car in front of your door and
go straight to the church. You
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
SEE THE WORLDS FAIR FOR
FIFTEEN CENTS.

Upon receipt Of your address and fifteen
cents in postage stamps, we will mail you
prepaid our Souvenir Portfolio of the
Worlds Columbian Exposition. the regu-
lar price is Fifty cents, but as we want
you to have one, we make the price
nominal. You will find it a work of art
and a thing to prize. 1t contains full
page views of the great buildings, with
descriptions of same. and is executed in
highest style of art. If not satisfied with
it. after you get it. we will refund the
stamps and let you keep the book. Ad-
dress II. +. BUCKLEN & Co.,
Chicago ILL.,
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
A CHANCE FOR HOUSE WRAPPER:

We will drive new Indigo Blue
Calicos, genuine color,
20 YARDS FOR $1.0O,
until Saturday this week.
Falls advent strewn with many
surprises in cuts all over our estab-
lishment this week.
GIL 3t JOSKE BROS.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
RuckLEN's ARNIcA sALvE.

The Best Salve in the world Cuts
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum, Fever
Sores, letter, Chapped Hands, Chilblains,
Corns, and all Skin EruptiOnS, and posi-
is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction
or money refunded. Price 25 cents per
box. For sale by f. Kalteyer & Son and
A. DreiSS
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
HOUSEHOLD MOVING

Done by the San Antonio Transfer
Co. Special attention given to
Merchants freight hauling. Tel.
sol. Office 1923 Soledad st. IS limo.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
CHEAP READING.

Our subscribers can get three
novels, by standard authors, at
the LIGHT office for ten cents.
Cut out this slips and bring it
with you. 9 II If.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13

telephone for the doctor when you
want him, and you telephone to
your butcher for the meat for your
dinner. You live easy, and you en-
joy your luxuries; but the more
you have of them the more you
want. l do believe that these lux
uries are robbing the younger gen.
Grafton of their manhood and
womanhood, and making them
helpless and lacking in energy. 1
have heard that there is but one
generation between shirtsleeves
and shirtsleeves. Who could think
there was but one generation be-
tween the brave and determined
pioneer and the cirgarette-smOking
dude.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13

"When our first baby walked IN
to the heap Of white ashes aud
burned her feet on the Goals be-
meath, | rode thirty miles to doc
tor and brought him back with
me. The first sermon that was
preached in all that country was
preached in my house, and the
neighbors came from fifteen miles
around to hear it. We organized a
little church then and there, and
the preacher got around to us
once in three months. Oh, but
everybody was brimful of religion
then. 1t seems to me that there
was more then than there is now.
There's a big, fine church on the
very hill where our first little log
stood, and they've got an
eloquent preacher, and he hasn't
had conversion in four years"
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13
THE HOME CORNER.
BY JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.

"Where would you have spent
the summer if you could have gone
awayw was the momentous ques-
ton that was agitating the group
on the lawn. None of them had
been able to go on account of the
financial stringency. You will OBJ
serve that they discussed the ques-
ton in its past tense. All of them
realized that the time was past for
going, and this was merely kind
of pause, at the close of the season
which might have been a holiday
and was not, and a looking over
the fields where their feet might
have strayed Tiff things had been
different.
OF course most of them would
have gone to the Worlds fair. The
little schoolteacher thought it
would have helped her so much in
her school work. The thoughtful
young man would never cease to
regret that he missed seeing the
exhibits of machinery. The mother
of the family would have given a
good deal to see some of that cook
ing by electricity. The brighteyed
little schoolgirl would have rather
seen Helen Keller than every
thing else they had at the fair.
So, one after another, they all an
nOunced their preference for some
particular object or place; until
at last the little schoolgirl walked
the whftehaired old gentleman
from his reverie with the question,
"What do you think about it,
Grandpa"
"What do | think ?" he said.
"Well, l have been sitting here
listening to you young folks, who
are all grieving because you hadn't
the money to go to Chicago and
see the Worlds fair. Truly, it is a
grand sight, l suppose, and well
worth going to see. And yet while
you were talking, l got to think
ing, somehow, of old times and
some of the trials and pleasures
that went with them. | have
hunted and fought Indians all
over this country when the huts of
white settlers were scarcer than
the palaces Of milliOnaires are now.
| camped all night on the site of
this town when the scream of the
panther and the bowling of wolves
were only sounds and they made it
solemn enough.
"Think of going to mill hum
dred and fifty miles, and then
maybe having to stay at the mill a
week before your turn would come.
Yet that's what we did for years
and years. When a mill was plant
ed only thirty miles away we
thought our fortune was as good
as made. When Mary and | were
married we took a wedding tour in
an OX-wagon. She rode in the
wagon and / walked and drove. The
little cabin l had built for our
home was the end of the wedding
journey. 1t was stick-and-dirt
chimney, and the cracks between
the logs were chinked with mud.
The floor was made Of slabs split
from logs, and the roof was clap
boards weighted with poles.
"When our first baby walked IN
20 +bo ham Of yrhita oSbnC and
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1893-09-13

"No, | wouldn't have gone to the
Worlds Fair this summer, EVENT. |
had been able. | would have gone
back to little old log cabin, and
Mary and | woule have sat on the
little gallery again and watched
the sunset; and l would have liked
to 60 down to the spring again and
kneel down on the moss and drink
but oh, the face | would have
seen there would be so different, so
different from the one | used to see
there years agOw
JULIA TRUITT BISHOP.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
Taxation.

SECTION l BE 1t reSolved by the General
assembly OF the State OF Ohio, That prop
osition shall be submitted TO the electors
OF this State on the first Tuesday after
the first Monday in November, 1898, TO
amend Section 2, Article XII, of the Con-
stitution OF the State of Onio, so that it
will read as follows:
ARTICLE XII.
,, SEC. 2. Laws may be passed which
shall tax by uniform rule all moneys,
credits investments in bonds, stocks,
joint.stock companies, or otherwise; and
all real and personal property according
TO the true value thereof in money. In
addition thereto, laws may be passed tax
ing rights, privileges, franchises, and
such other subject matters as the gen.
eral assembly may dirsct; but burying.
grounds, public school houses, honsrs
used exclusively for public worship, in
stitutions of purely public charity, pub
lie property used exclusively for any
may, by general laws. be exempted
from taxation; and the value Of all
property SO exempted shall from
time TO time. be ascertained and pub
lished se may he directed by law.
SECTION 2 At such election, those
electors desiring to vote tor such amend
ment may have placed upon their ballots
the words s"Am6ndmPnt taxing iran
chises and privileges Yes, ''and those op-
posed 70 such amendment may have
placed upon their ballots the words,
"Anendmentt taxing franchises and priv.
ilege s--No."
SEcTIoN This amendment shall take
effect on. the fret day OF January, 1894.
LEWIS c. LAYLIN,
Speaker of the House of Representatives..
ANDREW L. HARRIS,
President of the Senate.
Adopted April 20. 1893
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, OHIO,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
/, SAMUEL M. TAYLOR. Secretary OF
State OF the State of Ohio, do hereby
certify that the foregoing is an exempli-
fied copy, carefully compared by me with
the original rolls now on file in this Of
fiee, ,and IN my official custody as Secretary
of State as fequired by the laws of the
State of Ohio. of ioint resolution adop-
ted by the General Assembly of the State
of Ohio, on the 22nd day April, A d 1898.
In TESTIMONY WHEREOF. / have
hereunto subscribed my name
(sEAL] and affixed my official seal, at
Columbus, the Oath day OF
April, A. d 1893.
SAMUEL NJ. TAYLOR.
Secretary Of State.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
JUDICIAL TICKET.

Said qualified voters, as aforesaid, win also
on the day. between the hours and at the
places as aforesaid, proceed to vote by ballot
according to the said Constitution and laws,
for
One Judge Of the Common Pleas Court for
the Second Sub division of the Fifth Judicial
District of Ohio composed of the counties of
Ross, Highland and Fayette, for the regular
term. Es
One additional Judge of the Common Pleas
Court for the Second Sub division of the Fifth
Judicial District Of Ohio, composed of the
counties Of Ross, Highland and Fayette, for
the special term,of five years, created by an
act Of the Legislature of the State of Ohio
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19

DO you Know 7

That more ills result from an
Unhealthy Liver than any
other cause Indigestion, Consu.
patton, Headache, BiliCusness,
and Malaria usually attend it.
DR.. Sanford's Liver Invigorator
Is 2 vegetable specific for LIVER
Disorders and their acp0supany-
ing evils Il cures thousands
Why not b one Of thems Take
~: eon1oed = Liver lnvigQra&or.
a. Qssc IN seely ~.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
Tuesday, November Z,

(Reing the first Tuesday next after the first
Monday in November) in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and ninety three
tlS93), is by the Constitution and laws of the
United States and said State of Ohio, appoint
ed and made day on which the qualified
voters of said county shall meet at their prop.
or and selected places for holding elections, in
their respective townships and precincts, be-
tween the hours of 8 o'clock a. m. and
o'clock p. m. of said day, the hours named by
law between which elections shall be held,
and then and there proceed to vote by ballot
e.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19

IT Is HEREBY ORDERED, That the Courts of
Common Pleas for the year 1894 shall begin
in the several Counties of the Fifth Judicial
District Of the State Of Ohio at the times
following, to-wit:
FIRST SUBDIVISION - Adams County,
January 10th, April 10th, October I'd. Brown
County. January ID. May lst, October 23d
Clermont County, February 9th, May 18th,
October 3Oth.
SECOND sUBDIvIsIoN-Fay County,
January sth, April Sd, September Path
Highland County, February 18th, April 10th,
September Oath. Ross County, January Sth ,
April Sd, September Oath.
THIRD SUBDIvISION-F franklin County,
Madison County, February 10th, May 14th,
ctober 18th. Pickaway County, January
I'd, April I'd, September 5th.
ELI P EVANS,
WILLIAM E. EVANS,
THOMAS j. DUNCAN,
DAVID F. PUGH,
FRANK DAVIS,
l. N. ABERNATHY,
CYRUS NEWLY,
HENRY COLLINGS,
D. C. BADGER,
JUDGES.
IN WITNESS WHRREoF, l have hereunto set
my hand and affixed the seal OF said Court
this 7th day of October, 1898.
T,Seal WILLIAM HI. SIMONTON.
CLERK of Courts OF Franklin County, Ohio,
wide 0 L Vol. 50. P %, Sec. 45s 459.
o. L. Vol. So, P 80, Sec. 457.)
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
Legislative Single Districts.

SECTION /. Be ii resolved By the General
Assembly of the State of Ohio, That prop.
osition shall be submitted to the electors
OF this Slate on the first Tuesday after
the first Monday in November, 1898, to
amend Sections TO II, inclusive, Of Ar
ticle XII. OF the Constitution oil the State
OF Ohio, 30 they shall read as follows:
ARTICLE XII
SEC. l. The superintendent for mem
bers OF the general assembly shall Dc
made every ten years, prior TO The first
election for members of the general as.
sembly In each decennial period, in the
manner herein provided.
SEC. >. During the month of February,
prior to the drst election for members Of
the general assent bly, after the passage OF
this act and In each decennial period the
memosrs OF the senate and house OF rep.
reeentaiivsa representing the two leading
political pArttes, respectively. shsl meet
In separate bodies, and each OF sai a bodies
shall designate two electors, who shall
forthwith b. appointed BY the governor |;
and sald four Electors 20 designaied and
lsppointe6 shall cnnatitute . commissi0n
wh0 seail qeeeso6la a1d dseermtne tAe
yA4iO o. sepFeee pts1ton tos members ~
~ tooDe % repfe6e 6eptatives and senk orr,
~ netpopt ~ eeSop5eeDntee5v>e to's hieh
taeo SDuooy ~ na5ttlD6 20 he ernpd
tetge e(nneApeo1aAps1e, eH1etes GhotJ1
4. y - IS -
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
THE STATE OF OHIO, I 90
ttiuhland ('otluty o.

THE STATE OF OHIO, 90
Highland County.
l, ". II Walker. Clerk of the Common
Pleas Court Within and tor the afore said
County, in the State OF Ohio, do hereby
certify that the above is a true and cor
rect copy o. the original now on file in
this Office.
In Testimony Whereof, 1 have hereuuto
set my hand and affixed the
[sEAI.l seal of said Court, at Hillshor-
ough. Ohio. this l0th,day OF Octo.
ber, A. D. 1898.
w. II. WALKER, Clerx
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
Proposed Amendment TO the Con
stirution Of Ohio.
EAxArIoN.

eEcTIoN J. BE 1T RESOLVED M THE GEN.
KRAL ASSEMBLY oFrHE STATE OF OHIO, That
. pfOpos tion shall be submitted 10 the electors
Monday Do November, 1885, 70 emend section
4, Article XII. OF ths Copstitution OF the State
OF Ohio % that II shall read - follows:
ARTICLE XII.
SEQ. = lAws may be passsd which shall
tax BY uniform rule III money ., credits, IN
p:ns. 3. Il sS1 e. S
r honey p aasoa iS ...ss @ ss sv: msy .ns1iS g.
sos aSs oS.r s.os !.
public rshooi. houses. houses sssd ess,usivsIy s,
TsSn ss.f pqc
~ :.sspssd ea sSsss s.s.siss %ias
shall. rom Time . iins. : sscssssinsd fSssS snS
published a may BE- diT:cted ~ NV.
vos 4 ;seh nCss
h:vs placed upon their b.lio.s ire words
hsss hsi Sscsa IS.
MSrdas,: sa,.: ! H%sndAmens zee saxins franchises and
s.rsso. 4 Th,. ..,..a.,..e .n.,, -.
s4ect pm he nEst day of .Ja9Gary. 1894
sssalss q ~ Honss oi kepsessni:svsa
4fsSsm fsssiS.ni 4; 3, aSassa &. s.n..A
Aaepssd April a ia '' 'I71
uxrrHD srArss ov AMERICA, OHIO,
OrsIcR OF THE sEcRssA ~ OF sF4Ts.
II sAnUsL y. TAyIos. sesreiary NJ etats OF
sne stsss q Ohio, 90 hsrsAy certify that the
eompafSd Dy me- M With % tie orsinsi i' nssis nov ~
AZ e secrs,sry q sssse = rseairsd 81 The
ncn sdopi 3D. by ihs G Gshsrai n xsssmSiy Of
me e!sts of'o6io, On The sad day of April,
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
AppORTIONMENT OF JURORS,

And notice is alao hereby given that the fol-
lowing is the number Of Jurors apportioned to
each township In Highland county, for the
Court Of Common Pleas, Circuit and Probats
Courts, to be seIected by the Trustees Of each
township, and their names. duly certified, rs-
turned 70 the Clerk Of courts:
Bushcrssk, North Precinct.
BrushessSk. South Prseinct..........
y Gay .......t ......s....n 1srs
II, Concord -...s....,... ........-.............. 4
Qo0nco ..................... y
1sistsld. Hsst Prssisst. ..............s
yAlresld, wsst Prssiest ...... 3
U1Dtu9 s-...s......... ............ ......
51E4pGn .ss....ss i.s.ss.ss .s.ss.., a-.......-
kGn. pN4hoqa ryseinsA .........
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
STATE-
JUDICIAL. LEGISLATIVE
COUNTY ELECTION.
SEERIFF,S
PROCLAMATION

To the Qualified Voters Of Highland
County. Ohio:
THE STATE OF oHIo,( sherif's once.
HIGHLAND County,, IS. Hillsboro.
In pursuance Of law of the State Of Ohio
regulating elections, I, I. H, McConnaughey (,
Sheriff # the county aforesaid, in the State
aforesaid, do hereby proclaim, make known
and give notice that
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE
OF OHIO.

Also said electors, as aforesaid, in the man
per, At the time and in the places as aforesaid,
will proceed 10 vote for or against the follow.
ing proposed amendments to the Constitution
Of the State Of Ohio, to-wit:
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
COUNTY TICKET.

And also said voters as aforesaid, in the
manner and at the time aforesaid, will pro-
ceed to vote for M
One person for Represen tative of Highland
county in the next General Assembly Of Ohio,
One person fer Probate Judge of Highland
county, in said State,
One person tor Sheriff Of Highland county,
in said State,
One person for Treasurer of Highland coun-
ty, in eaid State,
One person for Recorder Of Highland coun-
ty, in said State,
One person for Prosecuting Attorney Of
Highland county, II, said State,
One person for County Commissioner Of
Highland county. in said State.
One person for Member Of Board of In6rma.
ry Directors Of Highland county, in said
State,
One person for Surveyor Of Highland county,
in said State,
One person for Coroner Of Highland county,
in said State.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1893-10-19
LEGISLATIVE TICKET.

Said qualified voters, as aforesaid, will also
on the day, between the hours and at the
places as aforesaid, proceed to vote by ballot
according to the said Constitution and laws,
for
One person for State Senator in the next
General Assembly of Ohio for the Fifth Sixth
Senatorial District, composed of the counties
Of Clinton, Fayette, Greene, Highland, Ross