davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03
TOLD OF AN EXTINCT RACE
WHrCH BUILT THB AycIENT HAbh' L."
THE ruLssosA TALbEI

a w.n.rorn,s, Loue-Livsd People VINO
Were Insu,tr,ou. and rru."i' Sus Froo'
atty w.,,a neither Fight Nor Pray
B,,,,,o,, rott.ry-Hints ss 20 Their
nr... ,,s Feod-Tho Pictures on the
1eek,-Ap unnpished Tale OF Real Life.
Tnis IA a part Of the story OF a race OF people
vho Tor a long time. perhaps during several
bundled years. Inhabited desert nook OF the
e.rritorv of New Mexico and then disappeared
rsxstsriously. leaving neither written history
nor oral tradition among other peoples for the
Information OF those who were to come after
than. but instead thereof. ruins Of well-butlt
houses household utensils Of rare beauty and
excellence. personal ornaments that excite the
wonder OF the modern Investigator. and other
unmistakable signs which point to curious,
and, In some aspects. to remarkable
state OF civilization. The story. 40 far
a. IL can DO read from such remains
- are found. Is that OF people who
were tall we'll formed. and had large brains.
They were very likely almost white.skinned
race. They were at once farmers OF rare skit
and successful hunters. They were industri-
Gus and frugal They gained wealth solely BY
manual labor. They probably had no god or
religion. and were yst the prehistoric Quakers.
The tourist who would like to mako study
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03
A RIDGE COVERED WITH RUINS.

times IN clay that burned to a rod color and
We're. after fashion, Glazed 1 over. t One ssm
PIE OF red bowl has boon found in which
through the sazne sspss Of ths COVE
The diIRners assnredly were fashioned after
not be known. but many Of them bulge in the
ally they are painted to increase the similarity.
~ vi the gray ware many many PIECES are made IN
head has sSoept
case Possibly these duck shaped jugs were
MADE tSd Tor hnmp p Certainly LAMPS were needed
than any oshsr Rarposs: The mouth, Tsrsly
pitcher. but Just right for a lamp. Still. but
one OF these pieces has been found showing
In size ali Of the pottery from the ruins may
been found that would hold two quarts and
quantity. Most OF the jugs hold less than a
quart, and many Of the cooking pots hold no
marks Of having been on the Are hold NO more more
'I Sne cannot think that this was . race o,
gluttonR as were most OF tho Indians found on
But Whis the s the Various pieces o,
1 We're TO
oTtI h # must be said that they were a,ss
An animal with Its hind feet on the hody and
Its r9re on TIE meek II Tster bottle re.
was not at all bad. hut no one could say
whether the animal represented was q wildcat
or bobtailed pig. 30. too, for birds heads.
There was often q birds head, unQuestion-
ably. hut II might be that OF turkey ora Mex
been made to represent young yeliowham-
mer. The wings and spotted breast we're
fairly indicated by paint, but there the artist
stopped. He would merely suggest an idea
and let the spectator dream out the details.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

!. In spite Of the apparently solid condition Of
skeletons OF men, women. and children were
riety Of Jars, bowls. and other crockery. and
household utensils. In all cases these skele-
found ssd On s oG5 In
the at hnd
TRa t. sna the "
present surface OF the earth below q fairly
walls. the ancient tenement house 80 to speak.
was 30 long that II extended 200 feet or more
away to the brew Of the ridge and on down the
a long tunnel into tho ridge and divide It into
rooms Ims which they eventually filled BY digging
essr MINER would ID ee
Or did they dig holes, like cellars. moro than
10 feet deep. wall them up and roof them
lily made it desirable. according to their no.
:, Both tbs, DelGars and the Grosaetotes be-
nels nor dugouts:, They think the houses
were originally built on the surface as II was
then or at with h the wall be-
the ancient Eunis built. It is pointed out that
these walls had windows in them-even the
face. had windows In them originallySthat is,
holes that seem to have been windows. and
windows would not be built In Q cellar wall
HAVING but their onestory 'n house, they
Into grave. Then they moved out arranged
&e. and fllled up the room with earth Of some
kind-.sand from the creek bed. clay from the
to Se to Se Sonse %s
@ a eveeS o sd mot ss
the surnce az the eve tRc
top OF the old walls. and moved In.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

But meantime this hill on which the house
Is tns svs
have been upearthed. and e good solid hill il
Is h Of q earth IKE the rest Of thy
broken down ooneiom crate. while tho mate
rial within the walls is, as SAID som times
% tne tIa S
some Of the hopses-notsbly that at the 5. q.
are rocks mixed with It. and because
srode cut Wow down. 81 the rd Lsss
Did the people themselves build up the earth
without bout. as vel! as within the houses they
finding OF buried skeletons outside tho walls
indicates thatit is made ground there. They
walls Of the ruins at Joseph contain hundreds
Of cubic yards OF stone work. and yet every
bit Of that stone was carried from box canon
:. some q the rooms n the cid ruins were very
the Same ruin are others no more NOR than 2I5
feet large. These look ike Railways. but are,
nevertheless rooms; and were probably used
opened into larger room In which three sets
Of for Grindng gren were found ar
one apartment to another were very narrow
never more than two feet wide.
Of there dca
OF different families. Either some great man
in the community occupied the great house
with his family and servants or elise the people
rooms among families. The distribution OF
skeletons on the various floors however would
things In common. occupied the larger houses
Skeletons OF old and young, males and fe-
and some outside. but close to the walls and
on q level with the floors.
=, The house roofs were undoubtedly fiat.
Tree trunks were cut and laid across the tops
Of these walls to support the roof. At the s. U.
ranch one can ST see the remains II tho old
roof timbers They are placed about az peo-
pie would place hem now. and they In ust have
been COVERED with poles and brush to support
roof OF adobe earth. Just as many roofs are
now supported in the same region. The fact
that these timbers are found at the present
surface OF the earth. and nowhere helow 1t. 10
as at first built was cellar more than fifteen
feet deep
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

ancient race OF people were probably builders
OF duRouts very much better than the durouts
Territory in these days And yet It cannot be
stated beyond dispute that the houses were
dugouts. for, curiously enough. some have
another On the ridge on which stands the 8.
Y. cattle ranch headquarters, near Fort
be found typical collections Of these houses.
In each one. excavations have been made to a
se5tn eI h'een feet or more GOOD walls Of
way down. but In no case WAS the
bottom Of tho walls reached. The digging
wac carried down through earth rs solid as
that without the walls, but ut intervals Of
about Ave feet on the average q well;laid
floor OF adobe clay was encountered. These
floors were fairly level and about two inches
thick. The ground on which they were laid
had been well packed before the laying. for no
place where the floor had sunk down or given
way was found.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

IN THE Valley
BY tho time one has seen q dozen such
patches the most prominent feature Of the
home site Of the ancient builder 10 apparent.
He always chose a ridge Of some kind. On
almost every promoutOry. ridge. or knob OF
ground along the Tulerosa Is an ancient ruin.
found 80 far. There are. indeed. ruins down
low in the valley.there Is one below Harry
that would not be reached by high water. and
was probably once conslderably higher than It
water has cut down knobs and filed in hol:
lows that were prominent some hundreds Of
years ago when these houses were INHABITED.
There ia another interesting feature about
these house sites, The sites. with one excep-
ton. have y sunny exposure: The first spots
Of ground to pecpme bare after n snowfall are
the spots covered with the debris Of ancient
ruins. 1t scarcely can he supposed that these
elevated spots were chosen to enable the peo-
pie to keep u look out for an enemy. 1t was not,
as will appear further on. a warlike people,
and thu siteR. though high enough to be clear
OF water. were not, as a rule. high enough to
give v lew across the country for more than a
mile or two. They chose sites that were warm
and dry for their homes and these two consid-
erations seem to have alone prevailed. for
some houses were built more than o mile from,
and many hundreds OF feet above any posi-
BILE supply Of water that can now be found
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03


There Ia no indication Of a wall built for do
fence about any Of the structures, nor has any
warllke weapon been found about the houses
They practised the arts OF peace only There
Ia nothing that oan he construed into indicat-
ing any thought OF danger from an enemy, un :
less 1t no q curious STRUCTURE on a mountain
tor near DeEar's. One mile due south OF
DelRar's house TINT Is. as said built on the
site OF a great ruin. Is q conical mountain ris-
ing nearly 1000 feet above the creek bed 1t
has the usual cap OF lava. which forms n per-
pendicular precipice about fifteen feet high ali
around the top. The ascent to the foot OF this
precipice Ia on every side steep but to m cunt
the precipice itself is we'll nigh impossible
without the aid OF ladders, save at two points,
one on the side toward the ancient ruin and
tho other on the opposite side toward the
stream. At these points heavy blocks OF lava
have been piled TO form the rudest kind OF
stairways; The ,stairways were as bad when
plenty Of broken erockery beside them crock.
when its bearers stumbled or slipped over
those lava rocks.
oval sRaps anG SBoSf e6 s. Wds .0 By s5
long. 1t is rough and partly covered with
grass and brush. Around the edge 10 a low
wall. built Of large blocks Of lava, but there
are, OF course, openings in the wall at the two
stairways. The blocks In this wall are so
large that four strong men could not lift one.
top from the base Of the prsclpice; such blocks
are not found In great numbers on top OF the
mountains roupdabout Some Of tho blocks
are four by fiye large on several faces.
ScAttsred along on the top OF this mountain
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

"s sSs es .cD TSsrs e ars
there was no regular funeral. In i Tie regsiar
pots were placed beside the head, and nsts- =.
one pot was PLACED 10 the
buried IL room Thirty wore found in
room, TIE e. bodies we're fIaoed side by 81
IN all shapes and directions. Some aeon t.,
have been thrown IN a heap against the wall
t as II water water had flooded tho place and washed
II these localities the pottery Is found In all
SrokeS turoSsly enough too. many q thsse
upper rooms seem to have been burned out
am old eand
against the wall with a pipe tho only one
%pnd 20 far n h' In
against the wall While its mother was
SPRAYED out on tho floor In interior room
room. Rshnd i Woman aSn bad d. knsit st bssr
work. while In front was the big bowl 70 re:
placed her left hand on ii,e corner OF the BID
St0ne and bad put her fiaht into the corn n
was found. every bone perfect. In what form
did death come to her. In what form did Il
soSde G but r Sth @%P any my
How were these top stories llied with earth
after the people eoDes
here OF the sinners destroyed by the flood Of
Noahs day. They think the wash Of the Hood
fllled the houses with debris rs well ms drown
ed the people But they d D not explain how
many Of tho rooms were DurnUd ont "a well rs
flooded Others. seeing that IT IL n volcanic
region. sugGsst Tint huge orator may have
opened with no great violence releasing such
vast volumes oi deadly gases as 70 destroy AZ =
that ten per cent. OF carbonlc acid gas In the
people THU the common prairie lire may have
destroyed the interior Of the houses. and that
the cloudburst OF tho region may have filed
up the rooms But they do not explain how
powders too large for four men to lit got into
some OF these Same upper rooms. although
none is found other In the walls or elsewhere
in the vicinity OF the ruins.
. Still another theory OF destruction Ia found
In an epdemic or plague o. some kind. engen.
dered by their own habits in combination.
perhaps with an unusual season. The sanl-
tRry Arrangements are unquestlOnab bad In
the villages extremely bad. No theory IL so
perfect that II may not be attacked. but all the
things that appear to have bsen done--tho
burning out OF rooms. tho filling In of about
all OF them. even the transportation Of bowl
ders, may hnye beon done by fear-stricken
ssnryly2rs, until at last mono remained to tell
Perhaps some day an Antiquarian with SUM
these and the other remains Of prehistoric
people TO be found In New Mexico and ArlzonA
the thorough examination which the Interest,"
Of the subject warrants. Perhaps the mystery
81 this region will then he cleared IN. but now
II IL as impenetrabls as 1t is interesting.
JoHA r. BPHAnss
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

WATER BOTTLE
with sand: they had become like rotten brick
In the fire. and thev showed plainly the i'm
press OF the article that had been fred within
them. even to the ornamental figures which
They crumbed to powder 50 readily That none
pottery were encaeed in matrices OF rotten
texture. and then buried in hot wood fires
until sufficiently bnked.
Other evidences OF wealth wore found in
various kinds OF jewelry. Beads were very
common. but are usually found In bowls be-
side the skeletons Of women. They are mar
yelous little leads. apparently made OF tho
finest clay. co|ored to bake red. black. or white.
and pierced with holes 30 fine that no needle
ia small enough to 20 through them. 1t Ia
conjectured that they were mado by rol ling
the clay around n human hair and then baked.
perhaps in q matrix, as was the pottery.
w It'll the heads are found other ornam ents,
such US bits Of the pearl oyster shell. which
probably were brought from the Gulf OF Califor-
MIA. and curious little hone limitations OF frogs.
lizards. &c. There were bits OF bone and ivory
In the shape of u figure s. and others in the
or more long. Then there were bracelets cut
from large clam shells brought from tho sea
shore. and othcr clam shells cut into rude i'm
itattons OF frog One OF these was found
with couple OF tiny bits OF TURQUOISE glued
where eyes should ne. but the glue failed when
exposed to the sun and the eyes dropped oil.
Many bits OF urQuoise In the shape Of a key
stone are found. some IN inch across.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

UPPEB ROOM.
Another article OF interest found Ia the NOR
tar. None with bowl more than four inches
across has been found. though one very large
lava and these have pestles TO match. Some
but half inch deep It was OF fine grained
flint and had two pestles OF agate and one Of
that the ,mortars were among these people
used by the medicine mon only.
As already minated this people had NO
arms ft for killing men, Hundreds Of arrow
heads are found. but rarely 10 one found more
e Hsp s6 pSn lone T pssSs
over, ali. Most OF them will fall to cover
man 8 finger nail out OF sight, ana some OF per-
feet form nre less than half inch incl, long. They
They were ut for Killing fish. squirrels,
and. at short range. turkeys. The largest
ones would have served for deer or
rarely found that one must conclude that
venison was obtained by concentrating the
deer. The abundance Of turkey egg shells in
dicates that turkeys were also domesticated.
Certainly the utter absence OF spearheads and
large arrowheads Is proof of the peaceful dis
position Of the race.
1t Is a singular fact that but three pieces OF
wrought metal have boon found. Two were we'll
tempered copper punches. say three INCHES
long and having eighth-inch points. The third
oned sleigh bell. This bell undoubtedly came
from the Isthmus OF Panama. whore many
such bel 8 have been found in ancient graves
1t was long way from home. but 1t had been
The work OF the. mechanics OF this ancient
people was done with tools OF bone and stone
Even the big pine logs used for roof timbers
were hacked down with stone axes
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03
At THE s. U. RANCH.

through the earthquakes. the elements did
the rest OF the work OF cutting out the Tule-
rosa Valley and Its branches by erosion. The
rain and frost wore and split out channel
through the conglomerate. made a channel
that was alternately cut out and filled up until
atIast there remained valley that from the
mead down to Joseph will average loss than
mile wide. and even this 10 cut into and con-
uacted by many rounded promontories or
hoRsoaoks OF the conGlomarate rock.
Ihs Tulerosa runs nearly to the southwest.
me careful observer will see that tho south
CRY oank for good many miles below the
source Is the sleeper. that the valley lies on
inc northsrly side. where. too. about all the
Iomontorles mentioned lie. Cottonwoods and
WILLOWS grow along the creek. while the noun
TAN sides and even some OF tho mountain
,ops are covered with a scattered growth OF
iena'leaved and nut pine and n couple OF vari-
..es OF cedar 1t will be further noticed that
. MS mountain sides slope up at various angles
'iil the car or crown Of lava IL reached. This
CAP invariably presents perpendicular face
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03
so.cALLEp IDOL, REDUCED oNE-HA1I

For cooking purposes pot that burned to a
long ropes OF this tenn pered clay and laying or
the coils together so that they would adhere to
terry exports as Prof Holmes Of the A rIc uItarsl
Department think that about ell the ancient
vessels that were to be Of smooth surface syinE
the ridges taken out OF them with paddle or
TIE tas eSs Ssrs sd up Rgt In The
while the inner Was made very smooth There
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

DISTANT VIEW OF THE MOUNTAIN THAT NAY
HAVE BEEN PLACE OF REFUGE.
Moreover these homes are located right am ong
the rulns. arc built In part OF materials for
mery used by the prehistoric people. while the
door yards are Uttered with bits OF ancient
broken crockery and the rooms Of the houses
are ornamented with curious and rare things
that have been found from time to time In the
ancient graves.
Perhaps the first thing to do In gathering
the story OF this ancient race would be to con-
alder the locality In which they lived. 1t Is
certainly most Interesting locality to con-
sider-a valley walled in by fat-topped. lava
capped mountains. Apparently where one
now finds the valley OF Tulerosa Creek was
once great mesa or steppe. fairly level
plain over 700 feet higher above the sea than
the present bed OF the creek. This plain
was probably once the bed Of q lake with
volcanic mountains around II. for II was oom-
posed OF u mixture OF watsr-worn pebbles.
sand, and broken lava. all cemented together
into what mining men would call q llght-col-
ored conglomerate rock. BY some means the
water was drained away. and then a volcano
began working handy by In such fashion that
tho elevated plain was covered over with bed
OF lava from ten to twenty feet deep. In some
places still deeper. Now this plain had q
slight moline. apparently, toward the Gulf OF
california. and was moreover eventually split
up the length OF It by the earthquakes OF the
time Thereafter. having obtained 4 start
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03

make pot with n rough exterior boil. because
1t had much greater heating surface How
too: but these wero Of a very hard texture.
and were probably used for roasting or parch-
inE grain instead Of boiling stews-
The cook ing pots were naturally the coarsest
but that they were Of beautiful shape In
seen At glance at the one illustrated. Nor
were they without ornament for most OF them
had rows OF indentatlons In various regular
forms. that were usually made By the thumb
OF the potter. but nevertheless produced an
effect pleasing to the eye.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-09-03
A CARD.

We take pleasure in announcing to our friends
and the public that our and commodious build
ing, No. 80 WEST Esd ST.. extending through the
block to 22d St. is almost completed, and will be
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1893-09-07
LA HORTENSIA
17ATOCHA-12
AImac6n de Novedades.
Mercado, Colon y Ca.
AImac6n de Novedades.

12ATOCHA-

Dade favor cada da p1bco dpensando
medic
acreedoresa distinction.
Rensados comodo. eegante local
la la succession de don Ramon Rivera,
Francsa, Aemania, Espaaa h.glaterra, Austria,
EUROPA AMERICA espedido
surtdo
las exgencias la Ultima moda. izan
muchos de dfcl
Eegantes ombreros mismos
don ho dc Esoca seda camsas banc cooe senoras
alta sombrilas
lana de seda cnurones pl
de hlo de
bcas povos tapetes
de
on ecdo suido de obeos propo regs estuches
Jeteras. Porta-caras &a ga
Crandes blancas agodon ho.
lana, Ga
Desde
ia de Paris Ponce Juri
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1893-09-07
CARTA DEL sENOR yIvONI

tos, la superfcie de calefacci6n de cada uno
es de 112 pies cuadrados.
Al entrar en- los eliminadores 81 guarapo
es de 90 8 1O0, y cuando sale para las eva
poradoras, al cabo de media hora, tiene por
tsrmino medic 250
No empleo mas que una sola caldera, Gu
yo horno SO aumenta de continue por in
tervalos seg1n sea la calidad del combusti-
BILE.
La preston media es de cinco atm6sferas
8 sean rs libras preston, y adenas del mo-
limo de fuerza de 80 caballos efectivos, mue-
We la bomba de guarapo, la de sirop, la de
ahmentacion, Ell motor de las evaporadoras
y alimenta de vapor las tres eliminadoras,
dos evaporadoras dos clarifcadores El
escape SO invierte en- dos clarihcadores mas
2 dos evaporadoras.
La forma cuadrilopga de los aparatos de
los senores Aitken NJ Neil Ca, tiene, en-
mi concepto, sobre los otros de este genero,
la ventajs de hacetl los mas comodos para su
trans porte de mas facil instalaci6n, pues
ocupan menos espacio que los de la forma
redonda de otros constructors.
Por todo 10 cual puedo asegurar usted
que su installation reporta notables ventajas.
tanto por el aumento de avance y mejora-
miento de la production, como por Ia eco
nomfa de brazos y Ia de paja que Sc deja
toda en- la pieza.
Quedo de V. como siempre affmo. amigo
y S. S. Q. B. s.. Moss A. VIvoNf.
Ponce, Agosto % de 1893. 3tm
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1893-09-07
Haoior da Fraternidad," /" Guanica, 10
lio 4 de 1873.

Sr. don Tomas A. Dodd.-Penoe.
Muy senior milo amigo: Terminada va
la zafra en- eeta hacienda, tsngo el gnsto de
communicable, segdn sus deseos, las observa-
ciones que he hecho tocante 4 Las ventajas
que resultaD de la aplicaci6n del tTe,s evopo-
TGdor al vapor, de los senores Aitken :.
Neil G. de Glasgow.
En- primer lugar he obtenido an aur to
de tres por ciento, POGO mas menos, en- 81
rendimiento mejor cristalizaci6n, debido
que Ia coccion Sc opera con menos grados
de cal6rico que al fuego directo; como Sc
puede hacer subir ell guarapo cuanto ee
quiera, sin que para clio inhuya la clase de
eombustible nj la habilidad del fogonero, la
limpieza se hace mejor con mas facilidad.
Respecto 4 Ia cantidad de azucar elabora-
da he tenido tambien un aumento diario de
cuatro cinco templas de 900 galones cada
una; 10 que representa- POGO mas nenos
cuatro bocoyes mas de production, siendo
de notar que para atender los tres elimi-
minadores bastan solo dos operarios que
en- todo el tren invierto seis operarios me-
nos qoe cuando tenia ell sistema de baterfa
4 fuego directo, 6 sea al llanaado jamaiquino.
Ademas no he tenido que recoger mas
paja que la extrictamente necesaria para Ia
par los sillones dc bagazo para en- caso de
nuvia.
SegGn el calculo de Mr. Donington, que
es el Ingeniero que ha instalado los apara-
La democracia. (Ponce, P.R.) 1890-1948, 1893-09-07
IMPRENTA

Elm este estabecimieno hacen apdez perfection
economic toda clas de mpesones por dces compcadas
l. Hay gran variedad de tpos personal inegente
La nprime Ell pe6dico. que utilza
toda clase de nodes sin dpua la de sistema
nderno la mas perfecta meor que ha ntroducido
p4s
Los neceten encargar abaos pueden
dob Edelmiro Lesper epeado de que toda
deormenores ajuar pecio de la oba tpogafa que e
colfe