davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1893-12-22
CONDITION OF THE IRON TRADE.
cUIETNEsS OF THE WINTER HOLIDAYS INTEN-
sIFIED BY TIE TARIFF INCUBUS.

sIFIED BY THE TARIFF INCUBUS.
Cleveland Dec N.-"The Iron Trade Review
says to-day: The quetness that usually settles
upon the iron trade in the closing weeks OF a year
is upon II now intensified by the tariff incubus
Yet in mill products It is evident that the volume
of going business is greater than 1t was two months
ago There has been. here and there. resumption
by a bostered agricultural concern few western
carshops have taken orders that will keep them
running most of the winter. and. what Is. perhaps
best proof of all that the call for finished material
has been growing blast furnaces are making over zo-
OO tons of pig iron more a week than at the same
time in October. and the demands of the mills ana
foundres are making slight nroaGs upon accumu-
lated stocks This condition indicates that although
no new undertakings of any magnitude are on hand.
and none need be looked for. the countrys renewal
demands are constant, and the stavinr-off process
cannot be persisted in forever. Yet more uh-
promising side of the picture than the absence or
great operations IS the pitiful plight as TO prices
in which the iron business finds Itself and In
which II is likely to continue. To keep rolls turn
ing seems 10 be the sole object of mills. and
bidders who have taken off a lump sum from & ac.
been surprised 10 find themselves outbid. not by
one or two. but by several competitors IL woud oi
the merest guesswork To attempt TO tel 10 wnat Ve.
a desirable contract would pull the market me Eass
s % d0s to h bas ro mae returns nd
asG IN that hs rna ISn to wheel
ing and I the two valleys BUT every quarter Of
the market emphasizes the fact that waste ana ma
repair only suffice to care for a fraction or me
enormous mill and foundry capacity Of the United
States. . , - -
Another straw In the steel rail situation mas ap-
peared within the week. order being secured by
the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company which cE, Is not
in the pool for 3000 tons Of rails for the Grippe
Creek extension of the Union Pacific. The railroad
receivership record for the year. showing that IS
per cent OF the entire mileage went into receivers
hands in eleven months. is not encouraging testi-
mohy to the ability Of the roads to make expend-
lures for renewals. yet with some OF them the re,
ceivership paves the way for betterments thai had
long seemed mpera tive The Eastern rail- mills re-
mort only light operations. At Pitsburg a shut
down will take place with this week. with pros
meet Of lasting until January buying develops Inc
market for soft steel at P!ttsburg Is weaker and
a transaction shading SIG 80 at makers mills has
heen reported. In Bessemer pig the little doing is
ire result Of further concessions. but little can be
said as to the Of this market after the open
ing of the year until the basis OF coke contracts
is
New-York tribune., 1893-12-22
To FORM ANOTHER WHEEL TRUST.

Chicago, Dec. 2.-Represen'atiVes OF twenty ieau-
ing wheel manufacturers In the west met al inc
Auditorium Yesterday and laid plans for forming
q wheel trust The presidents OF the several com
panes unable to do much on account @ 0 mos sS
erai months at existing prices. Capital TO the ex-
tent Of si5o0Oc0 represented az me mee.lny' i
rawford Fairbanks. of Terre Haute, ina. ,pfesi..
dent OF the Standard Wheel Company, stated that
II would be several months before any hhai ar
rangements could be made.
New-York tribune., 1893-12-22
TRYING ro c,r,, FLORENCE F. DONOVAN

Eugene D. Flanagan. counsel for Florence F.
Donovan. ex-member Of the State Board or Aroitra-
tlon will move in General Sessions to-day that the
indictment for manslaughter against MIS- client be
dismissed: Donovan and pr Saree r. ,s Gnase We're were
zoni. and the woman was sentenced TO eight years
In States prison. Assistant Dis'rict-Attorney DAVIS
VIZ oppose the motion.
New-York tribune., 1893-12-22
PROVINCIAL OF THE DOMINICAN ORDER.

w-Haven. Dec A.-Father A. v. Higgins. for
eight years pastor OF ST. Merys Roman Catholic
church in this city. has gone to New-York TO as
sume the duties Of Provincial OF the Dominican
order He was chosen to this position year ago
Father Higginss headquarters Will be at St. Vim
cent Ferrars Church, Lexington-ave and Sixty
she Catholic clergymen invited to address the
pnriianient Of Religions At the Worlds Fair
New-York tribune., 1893-12-22
JrLIrs HARBURcER REAppo1yrED cLERK.

julius Hamburger vas reappointed clerk of the
Fourth District Civil Court by Judge Alfred steck-
ler yesterday. The salary Is $O0O and the term q
~ the S,ecksr Assacis tion Tor fwelve vsars ~
Is Grand Master Of the independent Order Free
organizations in the world. and is an active and
prominent member Of EdIard Everett Lodge
Moriah Lodge. F. and A. NJ: Mutual Relief Asso.
ciation Everett Lodge. l. o. o. F.: Isabella Hell
humane Institutions -
New-York tribune., 1893-12-22
THE n.TUs AT hot SPRINGS, ". c.

Hot Springs n. c.. Dec. A.-The proprielors =.
the Mountain Park Hotel here have secureu .'e
sarv,ce. ~ DR. scbuman LecIercq a weiknown
phvs,cian of Carlsbad, Austria. who VIII nave
Charge OF the famous Hot Springs batns Th,e These
are operated in connection with the hotel iHese
baths are provided with every requisite anu sdar Az
models Of elegance and luxury. The hote unTsn
The nanao cement of Messrs. Doolitte bouen
who are Well and favoraby known In connscJd1 onSenI1
with some Of the best hosteries at "''""''N
epringR
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
Broaden the Wagon Tires.

It seems inadvisable to attempt by
legislative force reform that cannot be
accomplished easily, and that ought to
depend upon personal intelligence and
self interest. At the same time it is use
less to hope for permanent road i'm
provement as long as the ordinary wagon
tire is used. How this came to be gen
orally adopted is mystery, for the saw
ing in weight of metal is easily offset by
the greater depth to which the wheels SC
encircled will sink in the mire and the
greater force required to drag them
through it.
In all European countries where
smooth, hard roads have been construct
ed people would no more think of per,
hitting them to be cut to pieces by mar
row tires than they would of allowing a
man to set at work digging them up with
a pickax. There is an indirect way OF
getting at a change in the common Gus.
tom of farmers that would be very effect
i've. To prohibit and punish the use OF
the narrow tires is hardly practicable,
but tax levied on all farm wagons hav-
ing tires not exceeding a certain width
would soon Danish them from the public
highways, and such an imposition would
be perfectly justified, as the receipts
from it would not suffice to repair the
damage which such tires cause. As an &C.
compartment of road reform. the adop,
tion-enforced, if necessary-of wider
standard Of wagon tires is necessity
st. Paul Pioneer Press.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
WE ARE CONTENT WITH THIS.

have often seen illustrations of such
conservatism in spot where an seng-
neer carried wagon road half mile or
more along one side of high spur of
mountain ard farther back along the
other side An easy and even grade was
thus secured, but the distance around
the point is twice as great as that from
the place where the old trail leaves the
road to go zigzagging up over that
rough and rocky spur and down again
to the spot where that ancient trail joins
again the modern way. Sometimes an
arriero so far forgets to protest against
this violation of the traditions of his IA
theirs as to permit his mules to go around
by the road, but caballero in the sad
die never!
Not that any time can be saved by
clambering up 400 feet to scramble AGO
feet down again. One could go around
the bend in less time and with less ex-
penditure Of energy than is used in toll
ing over the ridge, but why should one
save time and the strength Of his mule
in that land of manana, that happy fu-
ture to which are relegated all duties we
can shirk today.
One whose brain is moved by slow
northern blood can conceive of only one
cause for so following tedious, difficult
and costly way when an easy and less
expensive one offers, and that cause is
identical with that which leads millions
of people in the United States to continue
year after year, generation after genera
ton. to use as roads the rough, dusty
and muddy lanes that are in place of the
highways they can easily have-and that
cause is conservatism.
Once in their chosen field, the advance
guards Of our nation were busy in max
ing secure their holdings. Years passed
before the pioneers had much to haul to
or from their homes; therefore they
need care little for roads. Time enough
for making good roads when they would
be needed. They had got along with
the roads they had or with none If
others wanted better, let others make
them. If their children could not be
content with the ways and means that
had answered all purposes of the IA
theirs, the children would be able to pay
for better. The labors the fathers had
done would help the young generation
to do that.
The makeshift ways Of those days be-
came the habits of the new generations.
What was good enough yesterday will
do well enough until tomorrow. We
laugh at the manana of the children of
tropical America and put off to our own
tomorrow our own greater need and
duty. Therefore there have never been
in all this great land a hundred miles of
roads as good as those ancient Americans
built with their crude appliances.
D. E. VERAS.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
THE SILVER LEGISLATION OF
1873 AND 1890,

Elk Senator John B. Henderson's
able and comprehensive communica-
ton to Secretary Carlisle, upon the
monetary condition of the country,
concludes with statement of the
character of the silver acts of 1878 and
1890. These acts, known as the Bland
law and the Sherman law, are justly
held responsible for the overthrow of
public confidence in our currency, and
general depression of business. Says
Mr.. Henderson:
THE act of Feb. %, 1873, known as
the Bland act, was by title to author
iZe the coinage of the standard silver
dollar and to restore its legal tender
character 1t directed the secretary
of the treasury to purchase monthly
not less than 100000 nor more than
$4,OO0,0O0 worth of silver bullion to be
Immediately coined into silver dollars
of 4l2I grains of standard silver-that
is, SIN grains of pure metal and
these dollars when so coined were made
legal tender for all debts, public and
private, except where otherwise ex-
pressly stipulated in the contract. The
act further provided that the holder
of these coins might deposit them
with the treasurer or assistant treas
urer of the United States and receive
therefor certificates of not less than
$40 in amount, and these certificates
were made receivable for customs,
taxes and public dues. and when so
received may be reissued.
THE act of July IA, 1890, known
as the Sherman law, directs the secre-
tary of the treasury to purchase each
month four and one-half million
onces of silver bullion at the market
value thereof, SO long as silver was
deprecated below the par of gold, and
to issue in payment therefor treasury
notes of the United States in demon
nations of from 81 to $1,000. These
notes were made legal tender for all
debts and receivable for all public
dues and to be reissued by the gov
eminent. The secretary of the treas
ury is required to redeem these notes
in gold and silver coin at his dis
erection. To induce the national
banks to accept them they were
authorized to count them as part OF
their lawful reserves. Coinage OF
silver dollars was to continue, as pro-
vided by the Bland act, till July l
1891, and after that the secretary is
required to coin any additional bullion
that may be necessary to redeem the
treasury notes issued for its purpose
Under the act of 1878 the government
purchased 291. 292,0l9 ounces of fine
silver at cost of $309, 1916. 262, anG
coined it into silver dollars to tht
amount of 1878. l96.793. The profit OF
nearly $70,OOO,0O0 made by stamping
a falsehood on the coins was covered
into the treasury as SO much profit
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
Roads the Test of Civilization.

1t has recently been advanced in mag
azine and newspaper articles that one of
the best tests of nations prosperity
and general progress in the march of
modern civilization is to be found in the
nature and condition of our common
highways. By this it is not meant how
the boulevards, streets and alleys of her
large cities are paved and kept in condi-
ton, but how the approaches to the
cities, the turnpikes, the country roads
and the cross country cuts, which the
farmer must use in order to bring his
produce to market, are constructed and
maintained.
Judged from this standard, it is claim
ed that America is less civilized today
than any European country, and that
the United States would have been in
all essential regards more prosperous
than it is at present if in place Of its
railways 1t had secured a system of
highways constructed and maintained
in the highest state of the roadmaker's
art. Many Of its cities would be but
country towns, and the buffalo would
still roam over much of the country to
the west of the Mississippi. On the 9TH
er hand, the farmers would know more
of one another than they do at present.
Though they could not market their
corn in Liverpool, they would still be
able to take it to mill without the sore
tax which the bad roads SO generally
levy upon them, or which the toll taker
requires as the price of a passable way.
In such a well united community dis
lance counts for little against the duties
of life. The farmers could attend their
own meetings. They could do their du-
ty by their churches and have share in
the festivities which enliven and enlarge
their days. On the contrary, where the
roads are bad all the duties of the citi-
zen and the social being are most imper-
fectly done. The people get in the hab-
it of hermit life, and the winter season,
which should bsrthe time of social inter
course, is passed in seclusion.-St. Louis
Post-Dispatch.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
CONSERVATISM IN ROADS.
Progressive In Most Things, We Are Be-
hind the Age In Highways.

Progressive In Most Things, We Are Be-
hind the Age In Highways.
Man is conservative. To this hour
and in lands whose people boast great
achievements he is still content to use
roads that are in roughness, in steepness
and wetness what they were centuries
ago. He seems to believe-I do not
charge that he thinks-that continued
endurance of ills he knows is easier than
the mental exertion required for learn
ing what are better ways and for screw
ing up his courage to the point of adopt
ing those ways.
Leaders of reforms are usually de-
nounced by their own generation as ex-
tremists. It is necessary that to move
the masses as far as they should go the
leaders must go farther. But can it be
shown that the most extreme Of reform
ers has been guilty of persisting in blum
ders as wasteful, as costly, as absurd, as
those to which the conservative element
obstinately adhere?
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07

The prospects of home rule for
Ireland grow brighter day by day.
Gladstone and his followers are max
ing noble fight, and it is now de-
iinitely announced that the home rule
bill will pass the commons before the
middle of August, and be sent to
the house Of lords for consideration.
The tory journals predict its rejection
by that body. Gladstone remains mas
ter of the situation, however, aud If
the lords reject the bill, it is said that
when the session of 1894 commences
the first act will be to send it to them
again. Home rule may be delayed a
little longer, but will certainly be
adopted at no distant day, and Ireland
obtain that for which large majority
of her people have long sought-the
blessing of local self government
and this fact should cause every friend
of human progress to rejoice.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
Strength and Health.

If you are not feeling strong and
healthy, try Electric Bitters. If LA
Grippe" has left you meek and weary,
use Electric Bitters. This remedy
acts directly on liver. stomach and
kidneys, gently aiding those organs to
preform their functions. If you are
afflicted with sick headache, you will
find speedy and permanent relief by
taking Electric Bitters. One trial
will convince you that this is the rem
ely you need. Large Bottles only SO
cents, at w. n. Prideaux's drug
store.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
HIGHWAY DRAINAGE.
Information Concerning the Forms an
Location of Under Drains.

Information Concerning the Forms and
Location of Under Drains.
There Is no fixed rule for the construc-
ton Of under drains, says I. B. Potter in
Good Roads. The primary object Of this
form of drain is to provide an under
ground channel which shall invite and
carry off the surplus water which sat
urates the surrounding earth above the
level of the drain. Any form of under
drain which permanently accomplishes
this result is good, and drain that is
not permanently good might better have
been left unmade. To construct good
drain requires no elaborate outfit, and
the common sense selection and use Of
materials found in most neighborhoods
will generally suffice.
Draintile should be used if possible.
1t is cheap, plentiful and makes per-
manent and substantial drain, insures
an ample, uniform and constant chan
mel for the flood of water and is far and
away the best channel for ordinary road
drainage that has yet come into common
| use.
In the matter of size draintile hav-
| ing an inner diameter of or inches
will generally be sufficient for the under
drainage Of 90-foot roadway and in
many soils Of even greater width. A
greater diameter may always be used to
advantage, and 6-inch pipe is none too
large to improve the condition of the
roadway, since the larger pipe invites
| the entrance Of warm air in spring and
quickens the thawing of the frost and
| the drying of the earth which surrounds
| the pipe.
Draintiles should be carefully laid,
and since this work is designed to be
| lasting and is always troublesome to re-
| pair 1t is best at the outset to give due
attention to the work of making it per-
| manent.
There is variety of methods followed
by different authorities in the making
of tile drains, and most of them are
good and none positively bad. 1t is idle
to take sides In controversy which
serves no good end and settles no i'm
portant difference. Tiles should be laid
true to grade, evenly and substantially
supported by the soil beneath and at the
| sides and covered in such manner as to
prevent the introduction of silt, mud
and other foreign substances into the in
terror of the pipe.
This is accomplished in most cases by
layer of straw or coarse marsh grass,
over which is carefully placed consid-
cradle depth of rubble or field stone and
the whole topped off with a material
composing the macadam surface. Some
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07
ROADS OF SWITZERLAND.
Rules and Regulations For Their Govern
ment and Maintenance

ment and Maintenance.
The highways of Switzerland are d.
vided into cantonal and communal,
which for our purposes we may call
state and county. The state roads are
those whose importance as arteries of
communication is generally recognized,
all others coming under the head of
county.
The maintenance of the roads COM
prises the supplying of the necessary
broken stone and, all new work and re-
pairs, where the cost does not exceed
5000. With state roads the maintenance
Is incumbent on both the state and the
counties through which it passes. The
share that falls on the counties may,
however, partially or wholly be placed
10 the charge of other counties than
those through whose territory it passes
This is made possible only by the ap-
proval of the legislature.
The law for the proper policing of the
public highways is primarily for the
purpose of seeing that the various reg
ulatlons that are necessary are not in
fr1nged. The. cooperation of those u.s.
ing the roads and those owning property
along the lines is almost if not quite as
necessary as the proper attention on the
part Of those having the matter in
charge
The regulations as to the weight Of
vehicles and width of tires permit no
wagon weighing more than 90, 900 pounds
with the load included, no matter by
how many animals it may be drawn.
The very fact that a penalty is neces-
sary for the Infringement of such limit
speaks volumes for the economy of q
proper road system. Where with us,
very few exceptions being made,
would our legislators think that any one
would be wild enough to attempt to
haul such a load? If we could only
bring such facts home to our people at
large, and farmers and merchants in
particular, what would we not have &C
complished for the cause of good roads?
They would then see that economy in
money spent for proper construction and
maintenance is not the only way in
which expenditure may be saved. They
would realize what a saving IN horse
flesh good roads really mean.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07

CROSS SECTION OF ROAD AND DRAIN

CROSS SECTION OF ROAD AND DRAIN.
times the rubble or field stone is placed
in direct contact with the pipe, being
carefully laid against it on either side to
support it in constant position, while at
the top of the stone layer is placed a
compact layer of sod, which serves to
prevent the passage of earth through the
loose stone aud into the channel of the
pipe.
But excellent drains are often made
without the use of draintile, and where
tile cannot be readily obtained other
methods may be substituted with ad
vantage. In stiff, firm soils drainage
has been very we'll effected by simply
digging uniform ditch of the proper
depth, form and grade and filling it to a
depth of two or three feet at the bottom
with irregular powders and rough field
stone of such size and shape as to insure
loose, open structure through which
the water will readily pass. Over this
is placed layer of sod, straw or coarse
marsh grass and the top finally COM
pleted with the material which forms
the roadway surface.
A somewhat more elaborate yet vast
" more efficient form of drain can be
made by the use of rough stones and
consists in the selection of fattened
stones of a moderately uniform size and
so laid at the bottom Of the trench that
the edges of adjacent stones rest against
each other SO as to form an angular
opening through which the water may
pass. as in the case of a draintile. The
bottom or channel stones are then COW
cred with coarse rubble or field stones,
over which is placed the usual layer of
sod, straw or coarse marsh grass, and
the trench is then filed to the top with
earth conveniently at hand.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1893-07-07

Many of our republican exchanges
are still harping upon what they term
the evils of immigration. When a
person makes an exhibition of himself
by talking or writing against foreign
ers, or of the necessity of abridging in
any way their rights and privileges, if
you only scratch deep enough you will
find knowno.hing, with a very mar
row conception of what is meant by
American citizenship.