The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-05-20
DR. RAYMOND 1ES1F|ES.
The Noted Mining Experts observa'
tions Made on the Drum
Lummon Hill.
Describes Geologically the Great
Upheaval There and Then the
Vein System. x,
After the Properties Arc Visited by the
Jury Counssi VIII Make Arguments
Pro and Con.

All Of the testimony has bsen introduced
In the Drum Lummon case. The jury will
no out TO Marysvillo In the morning In
charge of two bailiffs aud two guides to in
spsct the properties of the st. Louis COM
pany and the Montana company. limited.
Both sides agreed to this yesterday after
noon. Tbs jury have permission to stay
until Monday II they want 10 take that
much time to inspect the mines. After
they return the arguments will DO made and
the instructions given. The witnesses who
were on the stand yesterday were DR.. Ray
mond, II. 7. Bsyliss, the manage of the
Montana company. Experts Parks and
Hand and William Mayer. the manager of,
the 81. Louis company. The three latter
were called In rebuttal. The lawyers did
not got through with DR.. Raymond until
yesterday forenoon. His direct examina-
ton was very interesting, and is
Of great Importance to mining
men and others who dcsirs to learn
something OF this mining region.
He said the principal feature ~gsologioally
of the Marysville district is the granite.
AhAo kkhAAVU ! . q OoooS ~ ~ . . OuAAOAt w
dome. recognized by its crystalline struc.
turs, and, like all the other granite in the
world, 1t has been exposed by this removal
of the superinoumbent rock. There 10 no
granite known which ever onme to the sur
face Of the earth as granite. II Is Demon
strsted and easily proved that granite
cannot be found except Mt a considerable
depth and under very heavy weight. The
sams materials that constitute granite. that
10 chemically, il they came to the surface
In an ordinary dyke. would crystalline as
some other rock; orystalize probably 40 q
kind of trachyte. We sac a good a deal Of
material of relatively modern origin which
does come to the surface in all this
western country. It is not granite.
although II it had aolidifed at a
sufficient depth and under a sufficient pres
sure il would have been granite. Crush it
up and analyze it, and the same elements
are obtained that come out of granite, but
the moment his Rianitic structure. this
intercrystallization of quartz, felspar, or
mica or horn-blende. or mica aud horn
blende. sometimes one. sometimes the
other. sometimes both-we know
it il a rock OF deep origin and
1t must have been laid bare. Co nse-
Ou6kltIy lA AnO1Ak II k(aulb0 III MNEyb-
Vile it was Immediately obvious that it had
been exposed + ON the surface by the re-
moval of everything rocks. The everything
rocks are very evidently there in the form
of states which lie against the granite on
all sides Of this great dome or nucleus.
. mile in diameter. The slatos nre lying
up on all sides against the granite. The
doctor said he had been SUI rriscd to hear
Them called magnetism. He does not know
where the name came from. and said they
are certainly not magnetism states. They
contain almost no magnesia and are good,
old-fashioned clay slate, some lime
In them but mostly ~silicnte OF alumina.
The doctor fancied that tho term mag
nesian shales might have been applied to
them by parties who examined them first
along the contact. and who found magno-
sian minerals there; but tho magneaian
minerals there probably did not come from
the states at oil. At tho same time there ia
very little magnetism mineral of any kline
around there, no more maRnesia that he
could find than horn blende, which has
some maRnesia in it. very little talo. There
is very little of that about the Drum Lum-
mon mountain, n we have the very COM
mon phenomena OF ordinary clay slate
lying against ordinary granite. These
states are affected where they come together
With the granite. The subject of the CON
tact of granite with clay slate Is 4 very old
one. and a subject that is perhaps better
known than any Of the Obscure parts Of
geology, and the reason why it IL so we'll
known is that it happens in so many min
ing districts.
For instance. the mining district of Corn
wall repeats in oil its general features Of
country rock this Drum Lummon hin. Il
is Cornwall over again-granite and clay
slate on the granite. What they call In
Cornwall the killas is what we would call
clay slate. and then what they call the
elvans is what we call here porrhyry dykes.
They have there these three elements az we
have here. And in portions of other min
ing districts great mines having occurred
in clay states laying against granite. men
have had opportunity to study very care
fully the contact phenomenon Of granite
with clay slate. II is q very peculiar re-
suit. II is very puzzlinR. The doctor
view about it and then specify that the suc-
eestion was his own in addition to that.
Tit puzzling thing about the contact Of
granite n clay slate IL that in some
places one cannot see any effect At all. and
in neighboring places very extensive effoot
subject and the reports of tho various dis
triots whore the contact occurs. show that
In some spots tho slate will come
straight up to the granite and DO frozen to
il, and no alteration In either. In other
places the alts, alton will extend from .
Ao" ASSs oNoA W. p" AN ouw ~ IN 0u0~
posed that in cases whore il goes two miles
tho granite is still underneath somewhere;
they have not found it.; they do not believe
it to have extended two miles through tho
slate. Still there is this popularity left.
that slate will occur. and right in tho mid
die OF o highly altered region of slate a
patch OF slate will occur that has not been
altered. That ia the general proposition.
and no answer Ia given to it on which all
biologists unite. The DOCTORS own OBJ
servation led him to believe that that phe-
nomenon was due to the bad conductive
power Of rock for heat. That Ia true of all
c~ruptive rocks. What he meant was that
wheE granite solidihea against solid slate,
and the heat has got to pass
through tho solid granite, ii there
happens to be at that point no fissure
through which tho heat might come in the
form of sophisticated steam from the inter-
Tor of the granite. thon tho effect of sim
pie, dry. direct heat, noting through the
mass of rock ia very small indeed. This ia
true of all eruptive rocks.
'For instance. ! have walked over the
flowing lava during an eruption of Vesu-
vius." said DR.. Raymond. mot more than
six inches thick without my inconvenience.
except the heat which cnme MP into nv
inca from the cracks; aud upon the sides OF
HItna there Is to-day. and has been for 100
years. n layer of leo with Il layer OF lava on
top OF 1t, the lava having flowed over the
bank Of snow III ice and having thawod q
part Of II until the lower portion of the
lava had formed . solid crust through
which. after that, not enough heat was
nble 10 pasg to thAw tho jce.n Wherever