davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08


wagg-Well, now, should say that
this was going back to the middle ages.
Here is a story about a man who was
drawn and quartered.
Hownow-Whered did it happen?
Wagg-Here in England.
Hownow-It must have been 200 years
ago.
Wagg-Not at all. It was only last
week.
Hownow-Great heavens, man, you're
crazyl
Wagg-Well, crazy or not. it's here in
the paper.
Hownow-Tell me all about it, quick
Wagg-Well, it seems he was a pop
nlar politician, and when he came to a
certain town to speak he was drawn tc
the town hall by four bay horses and
afterward quartered in the best hotel in
the town.-London Tit-Bits.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
HAVE FAITH.

Some Of the Democrats who have not
vet got federal office at Salem should
rest serene 10 the cheerful hope that in
due time all will be provided for, even
to the meanest. That we. are not TO
have too great prosperity right away
everybody understands. But # Demo
crats were not to have Offices what was
the G. e It charge for anyhow. Simply
hold On y yMr t e-nails rear brother.
Time will bring you an Office.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
EVILS AND CUgES.

The doing aud undoing Of evil is
handsomely illustrated by an exchange,
printing an illustrated advertisement
to encourage boys to chew particular
brand of plug tobacco. aud just below
1t another advertisement of gold chlor.
ide tablets - tobacco habit easily
cured" That is about ss fair an illus
tration of modern social methods a.
we have seen. IL applies To education,
religion, family life and government as
well as 10 "the tobacco habit" Evil i.
encouraged that We afterwards pay t.
''cure."
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
DOWN GO THE RATESl

The Union Pacific now leads with re-
duced rates to eastern points, and their
through car arrangements, magnific-
emily equipped Pullman and Tourist
sleepers, free reclining chair car and
fast time, make 1t the best time to trav-
el. Two trains leave from Portland
daily at S:45 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. The
rates are now within reach of all, and
everybody should take advantage of
them to visit the worlds fair and their
friends in the east. Send for rates and
schedules of trains, and do not purchase
tickets until after consulting Boise &
Barker, agents, Salem, Or.
w. H. HURLBURT,
Asst Gen'l Rass. Agent, U. p,
Portland. Or.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
IMPORTANT.

II you anticIpate visiting the world's
fair, or your friends in the East, take
advantage of the present opportunity,
as the fares are now so low they cut no
figure in the expense. The Chicago &
Northwestern Railway have placed In
service a solid yestibnled train, between
Portland and Chicago, the famous
Wagner tourist cars, free reclising
chair cars. and dining car-'par excel
lent" With the accommodations fur
nished, rates now offered, together with
the short time consumed Ia making
the trip, IL is within the reach of ali.
For further Information, apply TO any
ticket agent, or write
A. G.. BARKER, Gen'l ARt,
2T2 Washington street.
Portland, Or.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Freedom of worship" In Russia.


If the Saviour himself should ap-
pear, poor and unknown, in a Rus
sian peasant village, as he appeared
in Gailee 10 centuries ago; if ne
should speak to the people the same
words that he spoke in Galilee and
that are recorded in the four Cos
pels, he would not be at liberty "a
hours. He would first be handcuffed
and sent to the pale of settlement by
etape as a jew, and then, If he con
inued 10 teach, he would be rear
rested and thrown into prison. If
he finally escaped crucifxion at the
hands of the holy orthodox church
which bears his name, it would be
only because crucifixion has been su-
perseded in Russia by exile, incar-
ceration in the 'heretic cells" of re-
mote monasteries and deportation to
the mines of Transbailalia. George
Kennan in Century.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
He Knew.

Teacher-Now you see why some sub
stances absorb moisture. Can any of you
name substance which so easily alb
serbs moisture that it is nearly always
damp.
Boy-I can.
Teacher-Good. Nothing pleases me
more than an evidence of careful obser-
Yation. What is it, Johnny?
Boy-Mud. Good News.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

What Oregon wants, TO secure fair
play for all sections aud all lines, and
above all to encourage and make posi-
ble the const uction of new lines of
railway in Oregon, is the enactment of
a distance tariff with terminal charges
added applicable to all railroads in the
state.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Conservatory Of Music.

Willamette University, Salem, Or,
School of music for piano, organ, violin,
singing, orchestral instruments, harmo-
ny, counterpoint, fugue, orchestration
and higher musical composition. No
better grade of work done west of the
Rocky mountains. Prices low. Seven
teachers. Next term begins Sept. 4th.
Send for annual year book or address,
2. NJ. Parvin, Mus. Doctor, musical
director. SO 2md&w
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
RennOrRA.

Sympathetic Friend - Don't worry
about it. old fellow. You'll get on your
feet again some day.
Business Man (who has just failed for
half a millionHThe only regret feel
just now, my friend, is that l refrained
from ordering tenderloin steak with
mushrooms at dinner yesterday because
l thought l couldn't afford it.-Chicago
Tribune.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

The Oregonlan is much opposed to
the idea that the state owes il to sOci-
ETY. to give employment to lsborers so
that they may live. Is Dot that the
policy Of protective tariff If men
cannot be employed society must So. :
port them at the wOrkhouse.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Before Going to the Wo,ld's Fair
Enquire About

The Limited Express trains Of the Chi
cago, Milwaukee & st. Paul Railway
between st. Paul and Chicago and
Omaha and Chicago.
These trains are vestibuled, electric
lighted and steam heated, with the fin
est Dining and Sleeping Car Service in
the world,
The Electric reading light in each
berth is the successful novelty of this
progressive age, and is highly appreciat-
ed by all regular patrons of this line.
We wish others to know its merits, as
the Chicago Milwaukee & st. Paul Rail
way is the only line in the west enjoy.
ing the exclusive use of this patent.
For further Information apply to
nearest coupon ticket agent, or address
Z. j. EDDY, General Agent,
]. w. CASEY, Trav. Pass. Agt.
225 Stark ST., Portland, Or. If
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

DashAway-What are yon taking All
your winter clothes 10 Chicago fOra You
wont need them while yOu are. there,
viii your
Travers-No. but ! may after I huxs
paid my hctal bilL-TtatA
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Composition.

"Then You are not going to send your
son TO college, Mr.. NewmoneyS"
mo, we changed our plans. You see,
an ex-prizefghter has come to town and
started school for physical culture,
and it's a sight cheaper than college,
Vogue.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

AGAIN.--John Holman has again
opened blacksmith shop Ia Salem, at
rear Of Cooks hotel. An friSnds In
viled TO give him call, and get work
done IN the best manner. 0-0-lm
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
wouId Have a snap.

Mazzaln-Do you think that people
will have some occupation in the next
world similar TO the one they have herel
Gaddox-I hone so.
Mazzam-Whyl What do you dor
Gaddox : Nothing. Harvard Lam,
poon.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
To Trade for Goods

Valuable timber aud farming landa
la Lincoln county In tracts ~ 10 to Ie0
acres. VIII trade for general naerehan.
disc. Address. PEEK a RUSSELL.
20 I'M haquina, Oregon.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Emptying n Theaters

"The tleater is afre," excitedly whis-
pered the tragedian. 1--WE must get the
crowd out somehow before there is a
panic"
That's easy" said the soubrette.
'Just ster out and announce that you
have concluded to change the bill and
mean to give them Hamlet. '"-Indian
apolis journal.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
sUsGEsTED COMMENT.

1t is refreshing to know that few
defaulting county trrasurers will al
least be sued.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

Her Adorer Oresh from the ribbon
eounterl-Will YOU take ms for son-in.
law, sirf
Father. (hesitatinglyl = Yea, If che
wants yOn. I'll take you.
her Adorer (absentlyl --Cashi-Truth.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

The dishearteniug discovery is made
that Sam Jones, the mOuntebank
preacher, comes of long lived family.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Oregon State Fair.

Under the management of the State
Board of Agriculture, on the State
Fair Grounds near Salem, commence
ing September l1th, 1898, and con-
tiHuing one week.
MORE THAN SIS, 900 IN CASH
VIII be paid as premiums for Stock. Poultry.
Swine. Agricultural Products, Fruits, Native
Woods, Minerals, Works Of Art and Fancy
Work, and for trials OF speed
Reduced Rates of Fares and Freights
on All transportation Lines.
PAVILION open four evenings during the
week, with good music in attendance.
THE NEW GRAND STAND and the new
Regulation Track are conceded to be among
the most comfortable and the best on the Pa
SPLENDID CONTEST OF SPEED each
day. There is entered for these contests the
best field OF horses this year that has been on
the grounds for many seasons,
Valuable and handsome Improvements
have been made on the grouudsand buildings
PREMIUM LIST.
Has been revised aRd improved 10 the credit
OF the exhibitors.
Entries for Premiums close at D. m. the
first day Of the Fair, and Exhibits must be in
place by 10 p. M of said day.
PRICES OF ADMISSION.
Mems Season Ticket---------------- 2 go
Women's Season Ticket--------- 90
Mems Day Ticket "a
Race Track Tickets, Daily--- Is
Women to Race Course, Free
Children under IL years, Free to all.
Send 70 the Secretary at Portland for Prem
ium List.
]. APPERsoN, President.
j. T. GREGG. Secretary. S9d&wtd
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
AGENTS WANTED on Salary and Commission
for THE ONLY AUTHORIZED
BIOGRAPHY OF JAMES G. BLAINE,

By GAIL HAMILTON, his literary executor.
with the co operation ofhis family, and for Mr.
Btaine's Complete Works, TWENTY YEARS
OF CONGRESS" and hIs later book, "PoLI-
TlCAL DISCUSSIONS" One prospectus for
these BEST SELLING books In the market
A p. Jordan OF Me-, took liz orders frc IN first
ITO calls; agents pront sl96l50. Mrs Ballard
of o. took Is orders, l3 Seal Russia, in one day;
profit S26.25. Z. N. Rice, OF Mass. took n orders
In days; prodt S47.25. j. Partridge of Ne took
So orders from 36 calls; profit S75 3 4. A.
Palmer of n. Oak. took 50 orders in days;
profit sy8 25. EXCLUSIVE T vRRITORY gi
en-. II you wish to make LARGE MONEY
write Immediately for tel ms to
THE HENRY BILL PUB. CO., Norwich, Cor.
Sl44tw
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

Miss ANNIE THORNTON, Conservator,
wi ~ Music. Dresden, Germany. VNca
aod lnstrumeutal music lnEt ructor of Freneh
and German "a Willamette University
Rooms o., nank Building. altG
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

You will seldom need a doctor If you
have Simmons Liver RegulatOt handy.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

"The use Of 'Castoria' Is 90 universal and
it's merits 80 well known that 1t seems q work
Intelligent families who do not keep Castoria
within easy reach"
CARLos MAKrrK, d. D.,
New York City.
Late Pastor Bloomingdale Reformed Church
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Well AIerited,

Artist--Did any of the committee say
anything about the winter scene senti
Boy-Yes, sir. One Of 'em scolded me
cause he caught cold while he was look
In at it.
Artist-That's glorious! But why did
ne scold your
Boy-'C!ause ] left the door open.-
Good News.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
for Infants and Children.

''CaseOriaissov wen adapted to chi1dron that
Irecommend itas superior to any Prescription
known % me" n. A ARCHIE, n D.,
III So. Oxford St, Rrooklyn,N.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
Don't You Know

That to have perfect health you must
have pure blood, and the best way to
have pure blood is to take Hoods Sar-
saparilla, the best blood purifier and
strength builder. 1t expels all taint of
scrOfula, salt rheum and all other
humors, and at the same time builds
up the whole system and gives nerve
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08
THE NEW

WILLAMETTE STABLES
and ready wait on customer Horses boarded by
meet all demands Also the Stations service
Barn and residence block south of
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

Hoods Pills may be had by mail for
25c. Of G. 1. Hood q Co., Lowell, Mass.
Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1893-1895, 1893-09-08

Cnsteria cures Colic, Conutfusfsaa
Sour Stomach, Diarrhcea ErnotSfion.
ktls worms, gives sleep, and prounotss A
geskion,
w,shous Injurious mediOa4ioA.
For several years have recommends
your Castorfa, and shall always Continue n
DO 10 q. 10 has invariably produced beneficial
results."
EDvu =. PARD1R, MD,
" Tho Winthrop, 12Sth Street and 7th Ave.
New York City.
CoNPANx, u nuRRAX STREET, NEW YoRx.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
THE REPuBLlCA BINEPSlS.

Curious Society Formed Among Polish No
blemen In tho Fourteenth Century.
Republica Benepsis was the name of
a peculiar Polish society founded about
the middle of the fourteenth century.
Its name was derived from the estate of
it's principal originator. Its cons itu.
ton was modelled after that of Poland.
like that kingdom, it also had its SOW
ereign, its council, its master of the
chase and many other positions They
we're not, however, offices of honor but
of ridicule When any member made
himself conspicuous by some absurd
propensity, his comrades gave him a
title supposed to correspond with it.
So. If one of them was too fond of the
chase he was given the Office of master
of the hunt; If another was addicted to
exploiting his own deeds he was made
field-marshal. No one could decline an
Office; he had to accept it or subject
himself to still more ridicule. No mem.
Der indulging in personal satire was
admitted. The order was at one time
quite popular and included nearly all
the nobiemen ttached to the Polish
court. 1t was like the ''Order of Fools, :"
founded November II, 1881, by the count
of Cleves in Germany, formed for the
promotion of charity and the repression
of absurd habits and practices Chicago
Novya
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12

shans, Plymouth Rocks and Partridge
Cochins are his fancy, as we'll az
Toulouse geese. The past season he
has raised but so young birds. Disease
early in the spring caused much trouble
among his flock.
Mr.. Brosius keeps about 100 hens and
they did good service for him until farm
work piled up ON him and forced him
to neglect them.
Fig is q perspective view of the
house and yards. The house is plain
board structure, yet very neat and
comforta BILE for his flock. 1t is % feet
long, feet wide and 10 teet high.
There are two windows giving the
house ample light w is for windows,
R for roosts, N for nests, D for DOORS
The entrance to runs is shown at lower
right-hand corner, Fig. ), of ground
plan. The runs, as you notice, have
but two openings from the right side
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
TO CHEAPEN FEEDS.

Some Thoughts Which Are Certainly
Worth Serious Consideration.
The prices of feed bid fair to be higl
the coming winter, and such will con.
tinue to be the case every winter, a.
long as there is such ire mendous de-.
mand for all sorts of millstuffs, on the
part of dairy farmers, all over thi.
broad land. The da,rymen are all right
in their ideas of feeding we'll, but they
are all wrong in not growing more o:
their own feed.
Wheat is way down in the loves
notch we have seen in thirty years, anc
bran climbing up in price every day
We are not certain, but those farmer:
who are we'll situated to do it had bet
ter buy the wheat by the carload ant
get it ground at the custom mill ant
feed the bran and middlings. selling tn.
-four for what they can realize.
. If we were in northern Dakota o.,
Minnesota we would not sell wheat a,
fifty cents u bushel, if we had goo,
cows to feed it to, and butter thirty
:one cents pound in Chicago. We be
lieve there are four pounds of butter i,
a bushel of wheat fed to a good COW
with good roughage in addition.
But whether in Dakota or New York
Everywhere the dairy farmer is at tn.
mercy of the feed vender. This would
not be SO if the majority set seriousl,
to work to produce their own feed, il
some form or other. The mischief is
the most of farmers stop feed whe,
prices of feed go high, no matter wha'
the price of butter is. What a lot o
Education we all do need on this feet
Question. THERE'S so little real fgur
ing on it-so little really studied on,
by the dairy farmers by which the,
can figure.
The way to bring down the price OF
feed stuff is for more farmers to 90 a.
:growing peas and silage corn. No;
one man in a thousand knows what h.
could do if he should try.-Hoard'.
Dairyman.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
SAVED By A KITTEN.

Only . Plai, Yellow Pussy, but 1t Kept
Artist Louoir From Suicide.
In the atelier of a certain French
painter there seems to be congress of
yellow cats, or rather the same cat in
portraits innumerable. A pair of him
crown, like an armorial bearing, the
doorway; he plays with falling petals
OF tea roses; he sleeps while sparrow
eyes him askance; he sits grave as .
sphinx; even q procession of him forms
the frieze of the CHI mncy piece, and he
peeps between purple and golden PAN
sizes on the Sevres tea service in the
corner consecrated to Madame.
Eight years ago Maurice Lenoir
dwelt in a garnet, earning his bread by
copying pictures, nourishing his soul
with dreams of a great classic canvas of
his own. Needless to recount the dis.
illusions. privations, rebutfs or the
nervous reactions of the days when he
received few francs The unrelieved
pressure of poverty, the unremitting
blows of i'll luck-tap, tap, like a
PAYERS mallet-became unbearable.
Tn, thin blood of semi-starvation
mounted to his head, creating visions
of suicide.
One evening he bought poison. Re-
entering his room something brushed
past his feet He lighted candle and
began to write q few lines, merely to
save trouble at the inquest Suddenly
there sprang upon the table q little
yellow kitten; it rubbed caressingly
against his face. Evidently wait, one
of the surplus ninefold lives of nobod VS.
cat 1t was thin d famished. its wet
fur frayed by the jaws Of some dog.
Zone may be tired of life" &C i'd Mau.
rice. but ono does not leave q guest
hungry"
With bread and milk, all he had, he
fed the kitten; then warmed it within
the breast of his coat, where it caressed
with its tongue the hand that held it,
then 2urred itself to sleep
Maurice reflected: "Suicide Il the
refuge of one who has no longer hopes,
ties of affection or responsibilities In
receiving this kitten have assumed .
duty. To place this little creature for
war. nth upon my heart and then turn
At least will live until tomorrow"
In the morning the little cat ap.
pc, red 50 pretty Maurice painted, and
was able to sell, its portrait Another
was ordered, and another.
NJ. Lenoir's pussies became the fash.
lon. He deferred his dream of classic
canvas and painted only cats, in all
gestures and colors, yellow, black, white,
gray and tabby. He studied cats; he
OWNED, under their masks of drowsi-
ness or caprice, the subtle charm and
wisdom adored in old Egypt #*.a*"
The yellow kitten that saved his life
also made his. fortune. And M. Lenoir
proved not ungrateful; the yellow cat,
now patriarch Of q tribe, has his cushion
and his cup in the atelier. and wears .
golden collar inscribed. ITO Ny Bone.
faster ".-Shoet 1torioA
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
REPRESENTATIVES,.

BUTTER with a flavor Of wine Is pro-
duced by farmer In Chautauqua, N.
Y. He feeds his cows on grapes.
A DOCTOR in Hannibal, No., charges
only twelve dollars year for treating
family, and he gets the sum whether
his patrons are i'll or well.
A PINCH of snuff taken by man in
South Bend, Ind, to relieve slight at
tack of catarrh, caused him to sneeze
90 violently that no dislocated his
shoulder.
A NAN down in Maine has found .
petition to parliament written in 1913.
It is written in ink On handmade paper,
and the brass pin stuck into the paper
II. doubtless. older than the petition.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
WITH THE SPORTS,
A RAcE-HoRsE clears from twenty

A RAcE-HoRsE clears from twenty to
twenty-four feet at bound.
MEN with gray and blue eyes are usu-
lily better marksmen than those with
lark eyes.
IT il said that bicyclists who ride to
excess become afflicted with catarrhal
laryngitis, caused by rapid breathing
through the mouth.
Two DEATHS during fencing bouts
have occurred In France through tho
foils penetrating masks that had been
bent and repaired. A fencing master
strongly urges foncers never to have
masks repaired after being once broken.
BuDD DoBLE, the well-known jockey,
who has held tho reins over Nancy
Hanks in all her wonderful perform
ances on tho trotting track last year,
enjoys the additional distinction Of hav-
ing been celebrated in verse by DR..
Hn1maa
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
A Point In Blauketlue.

Most persons who have the care O.
horses in the winter make q ba.
mistake in blanketing horse as sool
as he is stopped if he has become heat
ed by hard work or long travelling
The vapor that steams up fro N the ho,
sides of the horse condenses and wet.
the blanket, and as he continues t
cool the cold and wet covering chill.
instead of warming him. The bette,
plan is to allow the horse to stand un.
covered until cooled down to about thu
ordinary temperature, and then throw
on the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. stockmau.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
THE FARMING WORLD.
HOUSE FOR POULTRY.

Plans Showing Interior Arrangement aud
o. \ tho Suns.
On . pleasure trip last summer had
occasion to visit several breeders of
choice poultry. The house give illus
trations of is that Of Mr.. T.; Galen
Brosius- He is a farmer and for q
year past, his poultry has not been
given the attention he wishes to devote
to them. So much other farm work has
forced him to reluctantly cease work.
ing up his business in high-class
poultry. but he intends giving more of
his time to them very soon again. Last
season he sold 17s settings of eggs from
his hocks at profit of $3.50. Lang
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
A REFRAIN.

Wher0 barefoot once careless ran,
wander now alone, Z
And look across the treasured fields ii
That stranger hands have sown:
Eae from my heart rise thoughts Of one.
s As streams unbidden flow,
U0iii I sing o sad refrain;
u loved her long ago!"
Wt.~t are the golden fields to me,
THAT stranger hands shall reapl
Their beauty stirs my heart until
= Pain wakes from fevered sleep;
And as homeward turn again,
With weary steps and slow,
sadly sing II love her as
loved her long ago!"
p. Macarthur. in NJ E. Magazine.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1893-01-12
NOSE RING POR CALF.

one made by ]. NJ Drew and given in
the Rural New Yorker 1t is prett,
we'll shown in the illustration. Tn.
spike is riveted in one set of holes, anc
after the ring has been placed in thu
holes the bolt is fastened in the other.
This is sure to prick the COW and max.
her move away when the calf sucks
Some heifers get into this bad habi
and will not give it. up, even when the,
have calves of their own.