The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1893-04-13
SEVENTEENTH PAPER, APRIL %.

SEVENTEENTH PAPER, APRIL q.
l. WIN; is sugar and from what is it nader
> whai are the sugar producing countries OF the
worlde
3 What is the extent of The sugar industry of
the United States?
EIGHTEENTH PAPER. MAY A.
l. Who are the great American poets, living and
dead? Who are the great siory-writers:
. What is the Iaost popular book ever written in
America and into how many languages has II been
translated?
5. Tell something of books at the Worlds Fair
NINETEENTH PAPER, MAY IL.
l. Who were The great orators of the American
Revolution? Quote memorable sayings.
> Who the great orators of the Emancipa-
ton period, including the civil war? Quote mem
orable sayings
g. Who are the great orators Of the present time,
and what their themes?
Both men and women are included in the above.
FIFTEENTH PRIZE PAPER.
The theme for the 18th prize paper is music, as
follows:
I. What is the history of music, and what prog
ress had it made in Columbus's time?
. When music first written?
3. What countries excel IN music?
! L. What rank does the United States take in
musice
5. What will be the musical features of the
Worlds Fair?
No contributor has covered all the questions, but
to Lenorc Rivers, Bristol, is awarded prize,
I copy of Campfire and Memorial Poems for her
excellent. fneiy-prepared article upon THE Be-
ginning of Music. and honorable mention TO John
NJ. Murphy for Worlds Fair musical notes.
Honorable mention is given the following, whose
contributions came too late tor competition Carrie
T. Bowers, Mishawaka, Ind, Paper; Emma
Henderson, IVA, Wyo.. Paper" and Electric
iy'; Russell Klein. Spirit Lake. Iowa.
/ TO questions music the Editor would note
briefly the following:
J. Music antedaes history. With the Oriental
naiious it is probably what it was thousands OF
years ago: little less than discord 10 our ears.
Among European nations there has been steady
progress from the ancient Greeks aud Romans.
fosiered and developed ia its highest form by the
Mother Church. The Masses have been heavenly
themes for great composers. In opera Richard
Wagner has reached the highest dramatic express
sion
la The age of Christopher Columbus the Neither
lands led all countries. Guillaume Dutey was the
greatest composer, and his masses are the oldest
I exianf in the improved form.
I The Germans Iesd all countries in their love for
} music in its varied moods The Italians and then
/ tie French follow in musical sequence.
Music as an art has been little cultivated In the
/ United States and musical taste among The masses
comic opera where music is degraded TO the mere
servant OF low comedy. #'l
Serious schools OF music, especially in New York
ard Boston, and the study of Americans with the
masters abroad. arc doing much to bring about
better state of things. The American voice is
developing wonderful qualities. and holds its own
/ with the best under proper cultivation.
Music was first written from letters. Guido Are
iuo Italian, first used signs early ia the lltli
century, bat not until lJ02 was music printed from
movable types.
PRIZE PAPER on MUSIC.
From facts before me I CLEAN the following,
which n,usicloviug c. C.'s may find interest
The Greeks. who in every other department of
art left works which the world can never hope to
equal did not evolve the science of music
'fhey had no knowledge of harmony in the
modern sense of the word. nor was their scale
based the octave, but on the fourth Their
music was melody simply. and even their accom-
paniment followed the singers voice.
Such is The opinion Of scholars; but on the other
hand The elaborate meters used By the lyric poets
aud b. the tragedians in their choruses. seem 10
imply some scientific knowledge. and il is certain
that the Greek musical characters very many.
The Greek National instrument was the Tyre
which had only seven Strings. In this they were
| surpassed by the Egyptians, who possessed n arp
complex as the modern instrument and they
! also had knowledge of the use of fres.
/ Poor these instruments seem in comparison
with The modern organ aud piano. yet music
played an important part in HneeDt life, especially
/ among the Greeks Its study formed regular de-
EaFtme ut of education, embracing, as ~ did. tile
/ proper pronunciation and acceniuatiou OF words
nnd syables. SO general this knowledge
| HAT when Greek wished te convey idea OF
mans total ignorance lac said He does not even
! understand music"
! Win 10 other nation Of antiquity did music
! reach any higher development. and it WAS
LEFT FOR CHRISTIANITY
! 10 make ihe next improvement. Music came in
/ for attention. St. Ambrose, Bishop OF Milan. III
3s5. began 10 systematic it, His basis WAS the
/ four modes known TO the Greeks, answering TO
our scales Of d. T. +. and G. ard called the
! ihentic modes. lie also introduced antiphonai
| singing in the Christian churches. 81. Ambrose
arranged the Preface, sung in tl.e Roman Catho-
J lie Church-that most affecting OF songs. which
81. Augustine avcrred brought tears into his eyes
| At every hearing.
| Scarcely any Of Auibrose's work save this has
| come down TO u.s. and his system is wholly lost.
iu the course of Time this system became overlaid
with frvolitics. Between $50 and 600 Pope Gregory
the Great, who had no sympathy with Gorid music,
! made "a effort at reformation. His greatest i'm
f, provement WAS the adding Of four new modes 10
| those already employed. TIE next
BENEFAcroR or MUSIC
was Guido, Of Arrezzo. n little town of Tuscany
lie was the hst 10 use Tie stan and points to iudi-
cate noies. lie also added bass note answering
10 orr q in the bass ccf. This lie called by The
Greek ie,ter. gammn; and hence this series OF
sounds is called the gRInut.
Guido also seems to have been the first 10 make
any discoveries ia regard 10 harmony-a subject 10
which the invention of the organ called his attcn-
iion.
Music was regarded auxiliary TO the Church
rather than as having independent existence
,intil the year l5i0. Ia that year
THE FIRST oRAToRIo
was performed ia Rome. This name was given To
il because ~. Philip Seri and the congregation of
the Orsiory originated the idea. aud had il exc
cued al their house "A sort Of sacred amusement.
| Other musical entertainments followed, aud so
the general theatrical enthusiasm then prevailing
ia Italy, was put 80 pious account. IL WAS but a
! short step from these performances TO the opera.
! The first opera entitled Daphne" sad was
, presented ia 1897 Until lately music cannot be
said To have materially changed, though the world
r.ckons. many distinguished musicians.-Lenorc
Rivers. Bristol, VT.
WORLDS FAIR MUSIC.
The grandest of preparations teng made
, . Tor music at the Words Fair. There arc two
buildings TO he devoted 10 music, the Music Hall
aud Festive Hall. The Music Hail stands on the
lake, and is connected with Ihe Casino by peri
style. consisting OF promenade Of As Corintan
, columns.
Tie architecture of tire Casino Music Hall aud
perisiyie uniform, in Roman CoTnhian.
4 Staiues aud has reefs adorn every available
] space. The auditorium contains seats for 900
people.
The 4s columns of the perisiy1e are symbolic OF
ilre States and Territories
The other temple devoted to music, Festive Hall
| stands upon the lagoon. IL is built in the Doric