The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1893-10-22

II
SetWesn the sss from the coal and the boie
Biie until aiterSdmiXtnre with the Injected air
adequate space being also provided ior the OK
ppssd tho Sonnss o az air upon the tor
Of the fuel should be equal to at least one-hai
Of the volume admitted through the bars; and
finally. considerably moro steam should be
present In the furnace than can be obtained
from the hydrogen OF the coal. To carr out
%ea a fo Mhch steam ' from from ' the
boiler Ia first suuerheated and then passes 70
an from the latter the sts@m and sS ar
| door. and in this way the current Ia completely
distributed over the surface OF the fuel.
| The very considerable uneasiness which not
| long since prevailed in the public mind from
the supposed free use OF arsenic BY manufac-
turers In the preparation OF cotton prints has.
1t would seem. been generally quoted and.
though II Is true that large proportion Of
such goods contain arsenic. the quantity is SO
small rs to be practically harmless Many OF
the anliines. II is asserted. such as ceruleine
blue aniline greens. &c, and many OF the
vegetable colors. are fXod on calico with a
salt OF alumina ana o solution OF white arsenic
In glycerine or in borax solution. The reac-
ton that taxes place on steaming the goods is
colorng matter. or brie rs. double arseniate
Of aluWin1 and dye Thi; cSppSun ss eonsti,
flbres OF the cloth with a more or less insolu-
BILE and fast color: this Mt once removes any
danger In the wearing OF the material. In.
deed. 1t is asserted rs n matter OF fact that
aniline colors contain considerable excess OF
alumna. and this is n preventive against the
possible presence OF uncom bined arsenic. In
extract alizarine colors the soluble arseniate
OF alumina Is in some instances added by man
colors. greater degree OF brightness. but on
stenming the insoluble compound Is obtained.
as before described.
Photographers have lately introduced a PEN
ell for use In retouching negatives which is
rapidly revolved by a small electro M otor 30
that the point OF tho pencil spins. and Is
rubbed on to any spot by simply moving the
point gently over In any desired direction. thus
doing away with the necessity for the
tiresome. confined motion Of the. opera
line. which Possesses merit. consists in
Living the negative OF the photograph in
ae TnGh Is y6ated raPdy by an electo
OF a still later device of this Kind. OF English
origin IN which the pencil point is very rapidly
by simple ELECTROMAGNETIC contact breaker.
so that the pencil has only to be guided hy the
the necessary rubbing at an exceedingly rapid
rate-about 1000 strokes per minute.
Tho great quantities OF anthracite coal
wasted by the unsuitable methods resorted to
complaint by Mr.. Harris. the head official OF
the Lehigh Coal Company. These operations.
he says. result in reducing large proportion
OF the coal to sizes too small for commercial
purposes. the percentage OF waste from this
source averaging as high as twenty per cent.
Of the coal hoistGd from the collieries-thls.
however. having been somewhat diminished
recent years by the utilization Of tho smaller
sizes OF coal. lie thinks that this latter pro
destined to go much farther in the more gen
eral use OF coal in fine particles. He believes
that 1t may not be going too far to assume that
improved methods OF mining and Of preparing
coal may insure the use. as fuel, OF one-nalf
the coal now remaining. 50 that 1t may be
reckoned that there are still not lar from six
billions Of tons OF anthracite available before
the beds will be wholly exhausted. The pres
ent annual consumption Of anthracite is about
forty million tons. and this consumpt ion has
for some years been increasing at the rate Of
four per cent per annum.
A new brick. baking machine is to DO noted
among the recent mechanical novelties. 1t is
simple contrivance. consisting OF a table
covered with iron brick moulds. to which an
electric current Is applied. the table being
eight by fourteen feet. and holding one thou
sand moulds. Joined together like pigeon holes:
each mould Is the size Of brick which has
been pressed but not baked. and each has a
cover SO fitted as. to follow tho brick as it
presses and placed in the moulds. the cover
ad lusted. and the current turned on. Tho iron
sides OF the mouds form the res istance," and
the bricks are virtually Enclosed by. walls Of
fire: the bricks having shrunk to the proper
size. the sinking covers OF the moulds automat-
ically turn of the current. the baking is DONE
and the bricks dumped.
A remarkable geological substance found in
Finland lisa stone which foretells by change
Of color. the probable character ofthe weather
In fhn fitnr
known by the name Of semakur and which
Is said to turn black shortly before an ap-
rain. while in fine weather it is
notified with spots OF white. For long time.
It appears, this interesting phenomenon was
ncXpllcaDle. but on an analysis of the stone |
It was s lown to be fossil mixed with clay and
containing n portion of rock salt and nitre,
This fact being known. the explain alton of the |
,hanges became easy; the salt, absorbing tho
II DISTURB. turns black when the conditions |
are favorable for rain. while the dryness OF
he atmosphere mustas naturally bring out the |
salt from the interior OF the stone in white |
spots on the surface