davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
THE COMING BEEF.
Che Animal Cattlemen VIII Find Most
Prof table.

Undoubtedly the most marked
change in the handling of beef cattle
Auring the past few years has been the
system, now in vogue and rapidly in
crcusinG, Of finishing off a steer for the
block before he has turned 2 years
Old, says the Lire Stock Reporter.
Great cr-dit must be given to the fat
stock shows for having educated the
rank and lie of our feeders up to this
point.
Our surplus has to face the fierce fire
Of competition from all parts of the
globe. In the southern part of this
continent are vast herds of cattle
whose owners have to find a market
for their overflow. In Australia the
cry is echoed across the sea of too
much beef and mutton. Even in some
of the European countries there is meat
for export. For years past our safety
has lain in virgin soil. a generous
climate and cheap transportation, but
the Improvements in steamships is
bridging vast distances, and the era of
liercer competition looms up in the
| distance.
We must be up and doing. You
cannot reduce the cost of beef produce
ton as if it were wheat, by cheaper
machinery and improved methods of
handling. You can, of course, help in
this way, but the only true system is
to improve the breed and handle it
more judiciously. improvement Of
blood comes largely from capital, but
it takes skill, science and practical ex-
perience added to the above to pro-
duce first-class beef in half the time
required some years ago, even pro-
vided you have the material to work
upon. 10 obtain this end an animal
must be fed from its infancy. 1t must
never be allowed to retrograde. We do
not say it should be crowded right
along. but the growth must be steadily
onward, and toward the end the pres
sure must be greater.
The profitable time to sell bullock
| just now is when it has reached 1886
to 1900 pounds, live weight. and that
weight should be reached before 2 years
old with average feeding. Where one
buyer will look at big fat 15)o-pound
bullock you have three or four Gus.
toners for the lighter weight. The
producer should cater to the cOnsum'
er's taste. In doing so he helps him
self at the same time. In this mundane
sphere the reward of skill and science
generally comes in the shape of dol
lars.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27

qo!qm leQl 81. 4esqM pleH 'AIp pus
ueslo 'dtunld AUeuo!ldeoxo J! 'ce 'AsI
-Igq pug "a 'aAL :fF 'sleo :spunod 80
spunod cF 'AoI1uq pue 'Ge s4eo :9c 'eiI
:spunod 60 'leaQM :qo!eM pInoqs epc1o
le!oI7Uluoo asaq oQl sloNIEW le!oIeW
-tuoo oVl II! pun lse.M oVl vi 's7lels
lu0I0U!p II! so!LBA su!EI9 qua 10 atuoy
u! !IoVsuq lod spunod 10 laqtunu 9QL
'urld ON 20 loAr4 III GupoIS S! anQ quo
4ou uonrAnIno lseI oQ1 4H splagu1oo
Ii9Vl Il! 0AI uMos oACV oqM 20 MouY
9M u0ruAl!ap 6u!s!IdI91uo oLoU 10
rolpuuV oVl 0uomV 'sIoJaq .! o. s19
prol Ino 20 uonuo4le Qua poUeo 9ArV
puC 0onogld s!ql 10 Auouooo oV2 u!
contains gluten largely in connection
with starch. White winter wheat is
generally graded soft-it weighs light
er than red winter wheat--and spring
wheat is usually graded hard; but No.
/ hard is, as rule, the spring wheatf
of high northern attitudes; as. for
sofa and the Dukotas.
With clover the american CNltiUotor
saws, a certain amount of top to pro-
tect the root through winter is help
ful $50, too, with timothy, which has
Il bulb near the surface of the soil that
freezing and thawing Injuries little less
| than it does winter wheat. But a pas
| ture of bluegrass, or natural grasses,
as it is called, may be pastured pretty
closely without injury. Tie frozen
herbage is not rich in nitrogen, as
clover leaves are, and is of little value
as manure 1t has little value as Il
mulch to prevent freezing, and by OBJ
structing sunlight on the soil makes it
cold, and encourages the growth Of
mOsses that soon run out the grass. If
you want to mulch a pasture, feed it
down as closely as possible, and then
! mulch with manure.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Starting Boys in Business.

1t is a grand thing for farmer to
have well-trained judgment in values
of farm product. The farmer who
knows what a thing is worth in market
has biz advantage in his favor. Now
this Judgment is not born in Il man.
1t comes from study and experience.
Hence it is wise to commence training
the farm boy at an early age along
these lines The Armour brothers or
Chicago. New York, and Kansas City
are the greatest animal merchants IN
the world. Their father, Danforth
Armour, of Stocllbridge, Madison
County, N. Y, was a shrewd, tar-see-
inc farmer He made practice or
training his boys in the study OF values
in farm animals, and encouraged
them to trade in such animals from an
early ace. The effect of such tram
inc on the after fortunes of the boys
was very marked. The Nutionut 'S(0c"-
man advises the giving OF pig to the
boy and says: -,
Pick out the best SOW pig in the Ut
ter and make the present as You would
to a friend whom you expect to bene-
fit. Give the boy to understand that
it is not his pig aaA your hog. The
keep of the pig until it reaches IT'S
maturity should be included with the
Gift. If the SOW is bred and the boy
wants to enlarge on his operations ne
can and ought to be willing to furnish
his own feed or pay for it. He can 90
this and make money. The interest
created in caring for the hogs Will
more than repay the farmer for the ne
cost of his exp pertinent. The boy will
learn more business in such a transac-
ton than he would in a whole lifetime
theorizing upon business principles;
1t might be better to start a child
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
TIaQy kent-COneCtOrS.

Probably no city of the world has in
its poor so much as London to be-
ashamed of and in its dealings with
them so much of which to boast AS
the need has been very urgent the re-
sponse in organized charity has been
astonishingly great.
are models worth copying in every
large city. The success Of some Of
them is due in no mean measure to
the plan by which the rents are col
lected.
Miss Octavia Hill in 1861 began the
system by which women took the
place of men as rent-collectors. La
dies in no need Of remuneration offered
their aid at once. But Miss Hill saw
the wisdom of putting the plan upon
a purely business basis and insisted
that the collectors should receive
commission of 5 per cent.
She took as her field the very lowest
grade of tenement-houses. Besides
the mere duties of collector she under
took to better the condition Of tenants.
First inducing them to give up living
| IN cellars and removing other evils,
| she has gradually educated her tenants
up to wanting the best possible quar-
ters. Through her agency many
model tenements have been built.
Many other ladies are engaged in
the work, and. though their achieve
ments may not be told in large figures,
it is very easy to see what good they
can bring about. They must come
into constant contact with the poorest
C q sses and, full ot spirit and charity,
must see countless ways to help the
tenants wives and children.
The men. too, come to look upon
the rent-cOllectOr, not as a heartless
agent to be Stunned and put off, but
as friend with ready sympathy and
real power to aid.
Modern charity follows more and
more the good Samaritan example.
American workers who copy from
England this form Of it need never
fear ridicule as Anglomaniacs.-
| I0UN'8 COuD,l2i0n.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
MIXING DAIRY BREEDS.
Observations of One Who Has Given the
subject Some Study.

The average American dairy of COM
mon breed. says a writer in the Prairie
Farmer, is heterogeneous in quality.
There are scarcely two COWS exactly
alike in a herd. Such a dairy is like
a hill of potatoes containing tubers of
the Beauty of Hebron, White Star and
Pink Eye varieties, and the results are
about the same as though potatoes
were raised in that way.
The most successful dairymen keep
COWS of one or more standard breeds,
having either tltoroughb hbreds or grades.
This course, accompanied by the usual
plan of modern feeding, gives as
nearly uniform milk yield as can be
ob1ainad For instance, one grade
Holstein COW under good feed can be
depended upon to yield say II pounds
of milk per day, the rest OF the dairy
being OF The same breed and character
istics and receiving similar diet, ought
10 produce just about the same. But
suppose the dairy is composed of what
is termed "cOmmOn cows" the agGre-
cation of q dozen different breeds,
with perhaps the best points of none,
the DAIRY can then best be compared
to Il hill of spotted, ring-Streahed and
speckled potatoes.
In such a herd odd Brindle' can be
depended upon to always give good
mess of milk, with old Red" not do
inc quite rs well, while "Crumpled
Horn" does not yield as much milk
from day to day rs Il goat. You SEQ
at on e in This dairy that there is NO
uniformity. even though the animals
are fed high, for the good feed will
only stimulate the COWS according to
their separate breed capabilities. do
not mean to imply by this that it does
no rood to feed common COWS we'll; it
IS very important that all COWS be fed
from the best possible bill of fare; but
when one breed does well by you, why
not have the whole dairy of the same
character? You would hardly tolerate
a field of wheat of mixed varieties, be-
cause it isn't good farming. Neither
is it good dairying to mix the dairy up
as | have attempted to describe.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
How to Handle Lambs.

We have often wondered to see how
a cOsset or some lamb that had had eX-
ira attention, and was about twice rs
large rs the average Of the flock, in
autumn when the trying season Of
parusil"s diarrhea, and other troubles
of sheep life came on, would 90 through
everything pouring rains. fogs, slushy
GRASS, diarrhea. papersh!n, all around
him without Il particle of injury.
His magnificent vitality, created by
months of liberal feeding all his life,
in fact-carries him unharmed through
evils which lay waste the ge
flock. The farmer ought to begin at
once with his lambs, if he has not al
ready, giving them all the wheat bran
they can eat up clean once a day at
least, better twice, and if there are
any weaklings remove them to smaller
flock and give them extra attention
feed for that priceless vitality and
force, that constitution without viii ch
a sheep is about the poorest piece Of
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
THE HORN FLY.
A Winged Insect Rapidly Spreading
Through the Country.

The American Agricultaristp publishes
the following description of the horn
fly, which it says is rapidly spreading
through the Eastern and Middle states
and into Canada:
"The fly is dark gray in color, re-
sembling the ordinary house fly, but
only about one-third as large. 1t OBJ
tains its popular name from its habit
OF alighting around the horn to rest
when not biting, as being a place
where the animal cannot easily reach
to brush it off, but it does no damage
to the horn. 1t shows the same in
stinct in selecting its places for biting,
usually attacking the back, ilanks, un-
der side of the belly, and the neck or
head. 1t works its way beneath the
hair, and gorees itself with blood as
soon as it can enter it's dagger-shaped
probOcis. These bites are very irri-
tating, and as they usually appear in
great numbers cattle are made nearly
frantic by them, and also are liable to
make themselves sore by rubbing the
bitten parts against trees.
"To prevent the biting smear the
cattle with some cheap oil, such as
train oil, fish oil, tallow or aNlegrease.
If to half gallon of this is added about
a tablespoonful of either carbolic acid
or oil of tar, it will keep the flies
away, and also reduce the irritation of
bites already made, and be healing to
the sores, if there are any. Kerosene
emulsion also has been used with good
success when diluted with nine times
its bulk of water, and in spraying the
cattle, but we prefer the other pre-
scription as it will not need to be re-
newed as soon.
"The fly deposits its eggs in the
treshly-dropped dung, where the mag
got is hatched out, and on which il
feeds until ready to pupate. 1t usual
" brings out several broods in a sea-
son, the last brood remaining in the
pupa form until spring. To destroy
them throw shovelful of lime or o1
wood ahses upon the fresh dropping gs
every day both in the yard and pasture.
This will serve also the purpose ol
making more richer fertilizer, anC
thus partially repay its cost. Another
way would be to have all the drop
pings in the pasture spread with hoe
or rake twice a week, which woulc
cause it to dry up before they hac
reached the pupa stage, and as they
feed only upon the moist dung they
MOula soon die.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
ThOuShtless Farming.

There is too much of this-too much
traditional and rut farming, without
thought or understanding. In one of
his institute speeches Prof. l. P. Rob-
erts plainly told the farmers present
that if they wanted to reduce labor
and increase cash returns they must
discard prejudices, opinions and tradi-
tions Said he: Il farmed without
any plan till Twas 35 years old. Then
one day sat down and said: Rob
erts, what is all this for, and what am
l receiving for it? Why do | rise at 3
or o'clock, and work till y at night,
at carpentering, after my regular
work is done?' | received no satsfac-
tory answer and resolved to make a
change. | was burned out, lost every
dollar had; it was the best thing that
ever happened to me. 1t set me to
thinking, trying to do more with my
head and less with my heels. | began
to study, plan and think to do better.
Now, when | have anything to do, |
plan. stop and Think
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Shrinkage IN Hay.

The following questions relative to
the shrinkage of hay were sent out by
the y. Y. RUrn1, and answers made
thereto by Messrs. Chapman and
Lewis:
l. What is the shrinkage in the
weight of hay? Is it more profitable
to sell directly from the field at $l2, Or
after lying in the NOW three months
at from SO to SIS?
2. When we say "twO tons per acre"
do we mean as it comes from the lot
or after seasoning in the stack or
NOW?
can not say positively what the
shrinkage on hay is, SO much depends
on its condition and whether it has
been cut early or late in the season,
and the tightness of the barn in which
it is placed. AS nearly as | can tell,
in hay cut before it is in full blossom
the shrinkage has been about one-sixth.
That is, hay that would weigh 2.4OO
pounds in the field would not weigh
over 1000 pounds three months after
ward. From this allow that it would
the field at $12 per ton than three
months afterward at $15, as 50 cents
per ton would not pay for the extra
handling of the hay. after allowing
for shrinkage. At $1S per ton the case
would be reversed, as | could handle
the hay and stand the shrinkage for
ST. When | say "two tons per acre, :"
| mean as it comes from the NOW after
seasoning. Charles Chapman.
1t would be more profitable to sell
hay directly from the field at $l2 per
ton than to keep it and risk shrinkag q
and handling. When we say "two
tons per acre." we mean hay taken
from the NOW for market. 1t would
be better, or at least as good to sell
hay from the NOW Immediately after
the sweating process at $l2 as to sell
it the next winter at $15.
ID. c. Lewis.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Earth Over Manure Piles.

No matter how hot or wet the
weather.. a few inches of common earth
spread over a manure pile will save it
from loss. The heat of fermenting
manure keeps the soil dry, and it also
sends up ammonia that the earth re-
tains. During most Of the year heaps
of manure with soil over them do not
get more wetting down than is best
for them while they are fermenting.
The loss from fire -fanging. especially
of horse manure if the heap is under
cover, is greater than the waste from
teaching in a pile out Of doors. In a
few weeks the outdoor heap will lose
half its bulk and scarcely any Of its
plant food. The heap protected fro N
rain will be burned TO ashes, with the
loss of most of its ammonia.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Posed as the Banker.

"The slicNcst piece of knayery ever
perpetrated in the world was the work
cf FrenchmAn," said Louis Latretc
Joining in the discussion of coinci-
dences in progress at the Laclede. I'm
1864 | was employed in the private
banking establishment of jacques Ba-
rere. at T0ulon. Barere was called to
Paris OH business, expecting to be ab-
sent three days. On the second Gay,
apparently, he returned, stating that
he must have at once 10000 francs,
with which to close an important
transaction he had on hand. There
was not so much cash in the vaults
and he at once opened negotiations
with the other banks to supply it. Not
soul suspected him. | entered his
private office on my errand, his large
St. Bernard dog trotting at my heels.
When he saw his MASTER instead of
springing forward to greet him as was
his wont, he uttered vicious growl
and began barking at him. Barere
turned TO me and demanded: Why
do you bring your dog in here?' 1t
is your dog, monsieur | replied in
surprise. | went back to my desk
with a feeling of uneasiness I could
scarce define. / noticed that Barere
wore his hat in the office, something
unusual for him, and that he gave me
| evasive answers when | asked for in
| structi0ns. | was seized with Il desire
to have Barere take his hat Off. [
scarce knew why | wanted it removed,
| for doubt Of his identity had not taken
tangible shape in my mind. | again
entered the Office with paper for his
signature, and as | placed it on his
desk | managed, by seeming accident,
| to knock his hat off. 1t was not ST.
rere! The resem Alliance, SO malhcd
when he wore his hat. entirely disap-
peared when it was removed. He re-
| placed it hurricd!y and / retired.
communicated my discovery TO the
cashier and an officer was summoned,
but when he entered the office the i'm.
poster was gone. He had escaped
through side Goor. ."-St. Louls Globe.
| DenlOrrGt.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Early Planting.

Every farmers family can have early
fruits and vegetables as we'll as any
body if only a little gumption is used.
Samuel W. AllertOn, Of Lake Geneva,
Wis. tells the readers of the C0untry
GenUcnnan a clever thing or two in the
following:
LET the farmer buy a few hundred
feet of boards in the winter, make
boxes three feet square, and saw his
boards 50 that one end will be six
inches higher than the other; then 90
to a sash and blind factory, get some
GLASS and set it into frame. Twelve
frames will raise 500 good cantaloupes.
Die hole in the ground. put in a
wheel barrow Of rich manure; then
spread on some soil. Plant them early
and let them grow until the vines till
the cold-frames. For few days be-
fore the cold-frames are to be taken
off, partially remove the glass every
morning so as gradually to harden the
plants to the sun. Should it be very
dry dig a small hole on the outside of
the coldframe. and put in that a
bucket of water that has stood one day
in the sun.
"To get early sweet corn soak the
seed twelve hours in warm water,
take an iron or wooden tub, put in a
spoonful of tar and teakettleful of
boiling water. Put the soaked corn
into the tar-water, stir il, and there
will'b a thin coating of tar on each
| kernel. Then roll the corn in gypsum
or sifted wood ashes. Setit in a warm
place and let it sprout. Plant it early;
| it viii not rot, but grow"
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Feeding Notes.

Good silage fed to cows in the win
ter will not taint the milk; if it did,
six out of ten premiums for fancy but
ter at the winter butter show would
not 90 to the dairymen who feed sill
age. That silage tainted milk is an
idea that was exploded wears ago. Sill
age wants to be fed-and other food,
for that matter, should be fed--to the
COWS after they have been milked.
Milk readily absorbs odors, and it can
be readily seen that il the silage was
poor and emitted a smell that, feed
i,rg Just before milking, there might
be an odor lett iE the stable that the
milk might take up, and the food get
the credit Of it. when any other good
sized smell would have done damage.
The silo is the most economical place
in which to store Il great deal of food
in a small space. IN a measure, silage
is green food adapted to winter use,
and thus serves as a substitute for
grass. While beef-feeders were not
among the most enthusiastic early en-
dOrsers of the silo, several of the most
successful feeders for the show ring in
the West, at the present time have
said that, after once having used the
food for fattening, they consider it all
most indisp pensable.
Mr.. Joshua Wheeler. who is himself
careful feeder, before the Kansas
Agricultural convention recently gave
the following as his own experience
and views about feeding:
We believe that stock cattle can be
BROUGHT through the winter in GOOD
condition on good timothy and clover
hay and good corn fodder, with but
very little grain; hence we consider it
the best of economy for the stockman
to spare no pains in securing his hay
crop. We believe it would pay better
to plant fewer acres of corn SO as tC
give more time to secure the croE
of hay.
We consider oats and wheat bran
valuable and economical for stock
There is no better ration for horses
milch cows, and calves than corn meal
ground oats and wheat bran in equa
parts. This ration will cost less than
corn and oats fed without grinding
| One hundred pounds of wheat bran i:
worth as much for feeding as three
| bushels of oats.
Last spring we sold oats at 50 cent:
a bushel and laid in a stock of bran tht
August previous at IS cents per 10,
pounds, or $l3 per ton. Last Septembe1
we laid in our stock of bran at 81 cent!
per 100 pounds, or $lO.SO per ton; oat:
were 80 cents. These figures SHOW
quite 4 saving in the use of bran. 4
good ration for horses not working toe
hard is equal parts of corn meal ant
bran. This is also good feed for milcl
COWS and calves.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Pit the Potatoes for Seed.

Only enough potatoes should be put
in house cellars for use during the
winter when it is not easy to get st
those in a pit. For seed especially pit
ting potatoes is best. 1t saves the
trouble of sproutIng toward spring,
and the much worse loss of vitality in
the germ. which after two or three
times sprouting can only produce a
spindling plan1. 1t is keeping pota-
toes in TOO warm cellars that makes
varieties run out" And the cellar
cannot be made cold without danger
of going below the frost line and do
inc worse damage.
The Sully County watchman. (Clifton, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1894, 1893-01-27
Well Supplied with Libraries.

Massachusetts, has done more than
any other state to encourage the es-
tablishment of free public libraries
among the people. OF the 351 towns
or cities of the state 24S now have free
public libraries, and the state has re-
Gently provided aid for the 1O3 small
towns and villages that are without
them, that they may have the same
advantages in this respect as the
arger places. 1t will probably not be
.yng before every town in the state is
provided with public library.