The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1893-04-21
The Teachers
Institute Work.

Roll call showed all the teachers
present but Miss Dealey, Miss Sayre
and Miss Levings.
Following teachers were enrolled
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. A. Campbell, Warren
ton, C. C. Brewer. Clatsop, W. II. Bear
Vesper, and ]. G. Ross, Washington.
Reading Of the minutes followed ant
Mrs. Krager was appointed critic.
]. d. Halves then presented the sub
ject Arithmetic" Should cultivat,
speed in mathematical work, but pre-
fer mind work to figure work; we give
too much time to the subject Of arith.
metic; don't separate the study of men.
tai arithmetic; omit its logic and do the
work. He took the subject OF prac.
tical measurements and illustrated his
work by use Of the blackboard. He
employed the principle of cancellation
throughout.
Prof. Clark then introduced the sub.
ject of Mental Analysis OF Problems
1t Is the reasoning process. There is q
difference between reasoning out a
problem for yourself and being able to
make another understand the problem.
The problem should he made so plain
that the youngest must understand.
The steps In the analysis OF a problem
begin with the unit. Have no special
method; most of my work is oral be-
cause there is no time for written
work; differ entirely with those teach
ers who claim that there Is no advant-
age or benefit in analytical work. 1
find out by mean of questions whether
a pupil understands a process or not;
usually allow pupils to use the book in
stating a problem.
Mr.. Williams then introduced the sub
ject Of Manipulation of Numbers and
Elementary Operations He used the
text book; found no fault with 1t; teach
to ten, thoroughly, then to one hun
dred. and on. Must first know how to
write numbers; write, write, write; drill,
drill, drill; be able to add rapidly and
correctly.
Then followed a discussion on the in
PRODUCTION OF number work into schools,
which was participated in by many of
the older teachers. Then followed ques-
lions as to the different phases Of the
subject.
Miss Badollet's class in Arithmetic
was the next on the program, but was
out, although 1t wa a mat
ter Of Inconvenience to the pupils who
kindly consented to take part.
After announcements for the after
noon session, recess was taken till 1870
p. m.
Miss Mexican presented the subject Of
clay moulding. She had a number Of
her little boys and girls who had Tor
y model the sphere, and the process OF
modelling from the clay to the COM
pleted object. 1t was a most interest
Ing illustration Of the unfolding process
Of the child mind, and the relation
that the manufactured products Of
heir hands bears to a great man. nat
lral ones.
Miss Lawrence then spoke on the sub
fect Of History" Most teachers have
hobby, but this Is not mine. History
more than any other study enlarges
he mind. Only about Is per cent. of
pupils reach the High
School; 80 per cent. neve enter the up
per grammar department. United States
should be taught to every pu-
)l In the elementary department. All
In elementary schools should
cad to a taste for good reading; es.
ablish libraries; have supplementary
eading; the child should be familiar
With many biographies. before begin
ling history; by stories, anecdotes, etc,
the way for better work. For
Example: "Who were the first settlers
n Astoria? Why did they settle here?
Where was the first custom house?
Wonder II there wele as many appli-
for the position of collector as
lowY" Don't overestimate the inn
'ortance of dates. Memorize only the
important local, national and inter-
dates; pupils of Oregon should
e familiar with Oregon history. In the
PIPER Grammar department the pupils
nay study by the special" method
'hich would be by assigning subjects
avs in advance and allowing zach pu-
II to prepare a separate topic, Can 1t
e applied to public school work? Yes.
muat onCooad tho,,gh Ia onoAhat. 4
I their own. not borrowed methods. :
Rev. Dilworth presented the subject I
Map Drawing" He chose a num- |
Of teachers for a class, and North 9
merica, for a map to he drawn. His {
lstem was the wedge within a
edge" system, and is said to be any l
here from 20 to $500 years old. II
as heartily appreciated and thorough- l
presented in a somewhat hurried I
amer. yet It Is the free hand sys- t
m OF map drawing which after all Is S
q practical one. t
An intermission Of ten minutes fol- ,
wed. after which C. C. Brewer pro a
nted the subject "A Graded Course Of
udy for Country Schools" 1t was a
to advance the cause OF coun- 4
y schools. Country schools are In 8
ed of help; city schools have had the G
lp at the expense of the country p
hools. For a graded course OF study a
is necessary; must be devel- Il
I'd according to the laws of the mind: b
9 course should be arranged so that b
Iste of time may not be allowed, One fC
the chief incentives to study Is the d.
complishment Of some definite result h'
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