davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Progress., 1893-12-16
ADDITIONS TO ALPHABET.
Letters J and W Unknown to the Eng
lish Tongue Until 1850

Letters J and w Unknown to the Eng
lish Tongue Until 1850.
1t is fact not so we'll known but
that it may be saiG to be curious
that the letters j and are modern
additions to the alphabet. says q
writer in the st. Louis Republic
The use of the j may be said to have
become general during the time Of
the commonwealth, say between 1919
and 1868. From 1880 to 1916 its use
is exceedingly rare. In the century
Immediately preceding the seven
teenth it became the fashion to tail
the last when Roman numerals
were used as in this example: VIII
for 3, or XII. in place of l2. This
fashion still fingers, but only 10
physicians prescriptions, believe
When the French use it has the
power of as we use it in the word
"vision." What nation was first 70
use it as a new letter is an interest
ing but perhaps unanswerable query
In like manner the printers and
language makers OF the latter part
of the sixteenth century began 70
recognize the fact that there was
a sound in spoken English which
was without a representative IN iss
shape of an alphabetical sign or
character, as the first sound in tns
word wet. Prior TO that time 1t naa
always been spoiled as vet, the
having the long sound Of u or oil Two
us together In order to convey an
idea of the new sound they began !"
spell such words as wet, weather
web, ETC.. with two us, and as tne
of that date was a typical " m'
three words above looked like TINS
wet, weather, web. After aWnls
the type founders recognized the lac'
that the double u had come to stay
so they joined the two VS. toge'nsar
and made the character now 80 We.
known as the W. There is one OoOh
In which three forms OF the " sf'
given. The first is the old douole v
(vv), the next is one in which s1'
last stroke OF the first crosses Wv
first stroke Of the second. ana Wv
third is the common " as used
day.
The Progress., 1893-12-16

GERMAN doctors some years ago
came forward to protect the German
breeders of hogs from American
competition, by starting a false re-
port that American pork was in
lccted with trichina. The scheme
worked. Bismarck, who is one of
the greatest land holders in the Ger
man empire, was then at the head
of affairs, and he made this slander
on American pork a pretext for ex-
cluding it from the empire. This
made pork dearer than ever in Ger
many, and was one of the causes of
the low price Of pork in this country
Tor many years. Now there is de-
mand in Germany for American hay.
and German chemists are brought to
the front again to declare il less
nutritious than German grown hav.
Besides, they fear that with Ameri-
can hay new and dangerous insect
pests will be introduced. 1t is an
idle fear, but this time it cannot
hurt American farmers as the other
lid. Germany must now either i'm
port large quantities of American
hay or grain or it must lessen its
live stock and be more dependent
upon this country for pork and beef.
The Progress., 1893-12-16
Interesting Rail Tests.

In tests conducted at the Watertown
arsenal il has been found that old steel
rails, when submitted to bending test
in which the head of the rail is put in
tension and the base in compression,
will invariably fracture, making clean
break across the rail, while if the same
rail is turned over and the head put in
compression it will bend without frac-
ture. Again, if before conducting "a
test about one-sixteenth inch of metal
is planed off the head of the rail, there
will be no fracture, no matter which
part of the rail is in tension.
But if in planning this head care is rot
taken to remove one-sixteenth inch of
metal from the corners as well as the top
of the head, the rail will fracture as be-
fore. The explanation of the matter is
that a thin layer of metal on the head of
the rail has been greatly hardened by the
contact and pressure from the wheels
passing over it and fractures when put
in tension. When once started, the frac-
ture of course extends entirely across the
rail. If this hard material is removed.
the fracture cannot make start, and
the head Of the rail is as good as the base.
Exchange.
The Progress., 1893-12-16
SHREVEPORT,

ANOTHER infl.nal machine has ex.
ploded in Marseilles without doing
very serious damage. How fortu-
nate it is that these machines are
usually more Internal in intention
than they are in execution. 1t seems
to be as hard to invent an Internal
machine that will really work as to
invent flying machine that will
really fly.
The Progress., 1893-12-16

A DENTIST at Birmingham. Eng
and. has just been mulcted in $3.50
damages for the extraction of the
whole of the teeth of a married
woman. She only asked him to ex-
tract one tooth. Previous to the
operation she testified she could eat
crust or pick bone with anyone.
The Progress., 1893-12-16

The Campcrdown, the vessel which
rammed the Victoria, is again cruis-
ing in the Mediterranean in company
with the ships of the British squad
ron. Rear Admiral Markham is in
scmmand.
The Progress., 1893-12-16

A New England firm is introduces,
an automatic gas lighter for SUE ,sis
lamps, which works on the prinO.s,SS
of an eight-day clock. 1t is exPlss....,,
that the only attenaon the u .ss
requires is a weekly --inding o. .s,. ~
clock movement, and that 1t hs.SS
the lamp at the required time a.
extinguishes it at daybreak'
The Progress., 1893-12-16

Fourteen members OF the Do'
freeholders of Patterson, N H., or
been convicted OF making
fraudulently in the purchaS
court house for that town.
The Progress., 1893-12-16

of society" Society" does not even
deign TO adjust its single barreled eye
glass to see what it is all about ''Socl-
ETY." simply plays with the poodle and
drinks tea until 1t is over. Moreover,
such Il grand exposition could never he
conceived, much less carried To sue
cessful issue without a cooperation,
which means the subordiuation of self to
tl~ good of others. Subordination of self
is the great unknown III society $50
ciety" = born, lives. moves, has its being
strictly in and of the exploitation of self.
To subordinate self would mmhilate
society at one full stroke. 1t would
destroy cnque and class and eXhalt hui
manity Hence society was not IN 1t.
And it could not have entered 1t with
out abrogating its right to existence.
If it were indeed the Worlds fair, and
society" was not there. the place of
Society" is where? The echoes of vac
uity answer Nowhere"
But why inveigh against society"
with such warmth if 1t We're not there
and did not profess to be thereI For the
same reason an irascible old justice of
the peace once gave for fine. a young
lawyer accosted him familiarly on the
street one day and made some remark
which at once aroused his wrath.
Young man" said he, 81 fine you -
for contempt of court"
why, judge, " said the young offender,
You are not in session"
This court." responded the judge,
now thoroughly aroused; this court is
always III session, sir. and consequently
is always an object of contempt
Second-Such movements presuppose
a boundless faith i'll man.
1t required measureless faith i'll man
TO project i'll the name of human progress
a mere show to last but six months
which could not be held without lcvying
tribute upon the whole world, civilized
and savage. and expcnGing the enormous
sum of 5000. 900, 900.
Society" i'll its fundamental creed for
bids. under penalty of banishment among
the common herd. faith in man.
Society" does not know man" He
has not been presented. Nobody can
speak for his ancestors. And those who
do whisper the horrible rumor that
folks say he is related by blood to mon
key! Whereupon society" Is shocked
and calls for smelling salts AMI 'ea for
400!
The Progress., 1893-12-16

1t has no mission in the real work of
the world. 1t is froth. There are two
great problems that now weigh on the
minds of ''sassiety." They are the two
problems that always arose to trouble
the peace of distinguished cipher in
that august coterie. There are two
things that bother me-" he said. lone is,
how the world got on before l came into
it, and the other is how it is going to
get on after | leave it"
This exposition, that marks the glory
of centuries of human achievement, has
given most emphatic answer to these
solemn queries.
Yet how many poor fools there are in
this big world of ours who actually be-
lieve that the universe is no larger than
their conception of a ''class." or caste, of
artificial social distinctions!
Most of our sighings and heart burn
ings are not over the great problems of
the human race and human heart, but
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16
EGGING ON THE TEXAS COAST.
Tubs and Barrels Fun Gathered U

Tubs and Barrels Full Gathered Up
ana Sent to Market.
Egging in years past has been regular
business on the Texas coast. 1t is begin
ming to show results in marked de-
crease of bird life. But there are still many
places where the people turn to ''egging''
as surely as the season comes round
says the st. Louis Republic. Fishermen
keep sharp watch on the birds when
laying time is near. They note the hid
den islands and the secluded beaches
where the birds Of all kinds are getting
ready for breeding. Then the word is
passed along. The whole population
turns out with everything in the form of
a boat. A descent is made on the breed
ing ground. The first visit is for the
purpose of destroying every egg that can
be found. This is to make sure that all
will be fresh on the next visit. After
smashing the contents of the nests the
eggers take to the boats and go away far
enough to give the birds opportunity to
return. The next day or the second, the
''egging'' begins in earnest. If the first
visit has been well timed, and it usually
is, for practice has made perfect this rob-
berry, there are found in the nests many
thousands of freshly-laid eggs. The egg
ers go from nest to nest gathering all,
with the certainty that there will be no
spoiled among them.
only those VINO nave seen one OF these
breeding places on the Texas coast can
have any comprehension OF the vast
numbers of birds that assemble in the
laying season on comparatively small
space. The eggers lind no difficulty in
gathering tubs and barrels full. 1t is the
rule to take everything over an inch in
diameter, except the pelican eggs, which
are too fishy to be palatable. For days
after the return of the eggers there are
eggs to be had in almost any quantity
and at almost any price. An ornitholo-
gist who examined one of these breeding
places before the eggers gather them says
the eggs are fragile, and large per-
centage is broken in the gathering. Still,
enough reach the town to glut the mar
ket. Some of these gulls and terms do a
very strange thing when driven from the
nests by the eggers. They dart about,
and with feet and wings and bills they
destroy all the eggs they can in the vi
cinity before the eggers reach them.
They seem to realize the purpose of the
visit, and deliberately set about thwart-
ing that purpose.
Immense numbers of the birds would
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16

mand, it represents the slow devolment
OF Gods thoughts and designs in human
history, finding fragmentary expression
through many minds, revised by others
under His guidance, and gathered finally
into books as we have them. eliminating
in the revelation of Himself through His
Son Jesus Christ, whose life and teach
lngs and Spirit were recorded for US and
for all mankind by those who best knew
and most loved Him? In any case, the
present value of the Bible is its meaning
to us as giving US a revelation of God.
he who does not see God in it cannot
have permanent interest in it. To him
who does not see God in it no account
which 1t is made to give of its own hlsto-
ry will cause Him to vanish from it.''
Touching the new Prayer Book the
Catholic Champion of the Guild of st. Ig-
natius q. e. says: 1--WE feel that we
would be doing wrong to the church
were we TO be silent upon two points,
we think the committee exceeded their
powers when they placed open spaces in
different parts of the PrayerBook where
such spaces had not been ordered by
General Convention, and we are more of
this opinion since by special resolution of
convention such spaces were introduced
IN ilVe different places: Ii for these live
spaces the order OF two consecutive Gen
SAoA OOAN W. u6CcSSdTy, VIC Cdll-
not but think that Tor other like spaces
like action was necessary; these spaces
have been introduced into the Litany,
and also before the Gloria Iutri in sew
eral places. In another matter we also
think the committee have done that which
they had no right to do. We refer to the
Grange of spelling of the words 'movea-
ble' and 'immoveable.' The other mat
ter is the use of red in the book. Here
we can only say that we cannot under
stand the principles upon which the red
has been introduced. There have been
many fabricated editions of the English
Prayer Book and several of the Ameri-
can, but no book which we have ever seen
follows the same rule in the use OF the red
color. By the ordinary custom in all lit
urgical books red is used for rubrics,
captions, etc., and for initials; thus Min
lister and Answer are always in red, and,
generally speaking, all those parts which
are not TO be said IN the service. More
ever, with the exception of one edition of
the English PrayerBook, the rubrics
were printed in Roman type, not in itaI-
les. We are exceedingly sorry that the
customary method, both as to the places
in which red is used and the kind Of type
employed, should not have been fol-
lOWedv
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16
A SHADOW PAINTING.
peace on earth, good will toward men,
Rev. xiv. 6.

peace on earth, good will toward men,
ev. xiv. 6.
Night of mystery, night OF wonder,
tune OF ages past and gone;
Wrapt in thee is hope eternal,
Born OF thee, celestial dawn.
Night of angel-woven story,
Tell us OF the morrow, when
Peace shall come, as il was written,
Peace on eartn, good will to men,"
Shadow pictures now the freight
Paints upon the wall Tor me,
AS sit and pioneer DER
All the hopes that were to be
With the coming OF the morrow:
But remembrance lives, and then
begin to doubt the S Jng of
Peace ON earth, good Will 10 men,
First appears a scene of grandeur,
lis prIncely mansion fair;
Ills the home of wealth and plenty,
Never knowing want or care.
And amid their joy and 1eaStiEg
They forgot some things-but then
KNOW you not ii is the day of
peace on earth, good will to men ?"
Yes, they sang Of peace and plenty,
Well II Is TOR them to sing,
When they know no grief but gladness,
When the years no sorrow bring.
But the ill-fed and the hungry,
Can they join in praising, when
Hunger moclSs them-and they sing of
peace on earth-good will to men? '
And the freight flashing brightly
Paints another scene for me,
Ills home among the lowly
Where the darker shadows be;
Where the gaunt VOLTS fierceIy barking
At the door-and can you, then,
Blame them when they curse the song of
peace on earth-good will 10 menu"
There, amid the haunts of evil,
There where sin and vice are bred,
can see the drunkard's hovel;
Where no ray of life is shed;
His environments have made him
What he isl ask again:
Who is guilty?-was there ever
peace on earth, goodwill to men ?"
II there was, then who has robbed US?
What the profit of the birth
OF the Chris t-Child in Judea.
While the people of the earth
Live just as they lived before Him
Righteousness of self again
Making dead the heart of 1.-The
Peace on earth, good will to men ?"
But the day of reckoning cometh,
Men have sown and men will reap,
And through terrors awful will they
See truth wake from her sleep;
After TINS the earth 10 pladness
VIII awake-and not till then
Peace shall come as it was written,
peace on earth, goodwill to men,
Albert Frank Holman,
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16
Newest Mother-in-Law Joke.

The intense cold had caused a rail to
snap and the express train had been
wrecked. The distracted wife of the Gin
cinnati man rushed up from the unhurt
rear car to the shapeless smoker, where
he had been enjoying cigar when the
crash came.
"Save my husband!' she cried in
agony.
Smoke assembled; timbers crashed: the
roof settled lower and lower, while horri-
BILE groans emerged from the inside.
"Oh, Henry" she walled, ''are you still
alive?"
YES" came the agonized reply, "but L
am pinned across red-hot stove, my
clothes are on fire, the roof is crushing
me, beam has half inpaled me and I
shall be dead in one instant if help does
not come"
"Oh. help, help! Rescue my hus-
band !" she shrieked in frenzy.
The rescuers worked like demons.
81 am safe, Henry" she cried.
"Thank Heaven for thatr
''The baby is not hurt Bit"
THANK Heaven for thatr'
His voice grew rapidly fainter while he
moaned; MAKE haste, men; the car is
on fire all about me and l shall be roasted
alive in two minutes more.''
And Henry" again cried the wife,
dear mamma is safe, too.''
Then from under the blazing wreck, in
clear, calm, collected Pearl-street bust
ness tones of resolve, the husband cried:
THAT settles it, boys-rescue somebody
elser 20
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16
LOVES Me-

Over all the din and rattle
OF noisy railway train,
Rang little childish prattle
With lucrative refrain:
"Darling loves me- Darling loves me ~
Rang the tuneful cadence clear:
darling loves me. darling loves me,
Cause love my darling dear"
"Sweet," said, her face caressing-
Eyes of brown and golden hair
Such winsome little blessing
For q heart o'erDorne with care
"Sweet," ! said, show Go you know 1t?
Have you never doubt nor fear?"
"No," she said. "she cannot help it,
Cause love my darling dear"
And the mother, tired, saddened,
Looked up in the childish face,
While with love her own face gladdened
TIL it took an added grace.
"Yes,'' she whispered; yes. love her
More than words can tell, my doveI
She has solved earth's saddest problem;
Love will always beget love"
Then the bare fields faded slowly,
While the sunshine disappears;
For l saw the autumn landscape
Through Il misty veil of tears;
Then from out my heart upwinging
Flew unrest. and doubt and fear;
While the childish voice was singing.
''Loves me, cause | love my dear"
o my darling, [, through loving.
Still may hold your heart steadfast
When, all other loves disproving
You will turn TO me at last.
So, though sun or cloud above me,
/ shall love you, far or near
Till you cannot help, but love me,
Cause love my darling dear
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16
Early Postal Changes.

Before the use of postage stamps vari-
Gus sums were paid for the delivery of
letters. The amounts were regulated by
the distance and were collected on the de-
livery of the letter.
In the early part of this century the
postage on Il single sheet of paper was
eight cents, and on over forty miles the
rate was increased, so that over 500 miles
"a single sheet was 25 cents. But after a
time these rates were gradually reduced,
until 1915 letter weighing not over half
an ounce was five cents under 800 miles,
and over that distance, 10 cents.
Sir Rowland Hill who was at the head
of the Postoffice Department of England
at this time, introduced the use Of postage
i'll 1910, and also lessened the charge for
postage. In 1917 the United States
adopted the use of the postage stamp, the
lowest-priced one being five cents.
But railways and steamboats, have now
taken the place of the old-fashioned mail
coaches and post boys; and with the
more rapid sending of the mails, the
cheaper rates of postage, and the growing
population of the country, gradual
changes and improvements took place in
the Postofiice system. And here we are,
in 1898, receiving our letters from the Pa
cfic Coast in six days-also from Eng
land in the same time; and a few days or
hours will place us in direct communica-
ton with our friends and correspondents
in almost every part of the country.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16

be bred along the Texas coast if it were
not for the egging sport. The ornitholo-
gists say that the people will bring retri
button if they do not stop. The pelicans,
gulls and herons are the scavengers of
the shoal waters, just as the buzzards
are on land. The punishment for shoot
ing buzzards is severe in Texas. If it
was not for the work the birds do along
the coast, the excess of valueless fishes
and other animal life bred in the shadows
would create such a stencil that human
life about the bays would be out of the
question
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16
CERTIFICATE OF COMPREHENSIVE.

CTATE OF CALIFORNIA, COUNTY OF
- Sacramento-ss. We, the undersigned, do
hereby certify that we are partners transact
ing business in this State, at the City of Sacra-
mento, in the County of Sacramento under
the firm name and style of JACON BROS !;
that the names in full OF all the members OF
LEON H. JAC0X, and that the places of our
respective residences are set opposite our re-
spective names, hereto subscribed.
In witness Whereof we have hereunto set
our HANDS, this 9TH day of February 1893
LESLIE A. JACOX, Sacramento, Cal.
LEON II. JACON, Sacramento. Gal.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16
D p. NJ.

Feel worse. Wish
| hadn't written that
letter. l know l am
to blame. Wonder
what is the easiest
way of committing
suicide? Wonder if
father would sympa-
IthiZe with me then?
Z p. NJ.
l don't want din
ner. Going to smoke
going to drink.
Brandy's the thing.
8 p. NJ.
w ell, here | am
in her parlor, after
all. Wonder if she'll
see me? Pll bet she
won't. She always
was the proudest girl
in town. l look like
a fool; and, what s
more, l am one. l
suppose she'll insist
on my taking all my
presents.
$3.50 p. NJ.
She has not said a
word about last eve
ming. l honestly be-
ileve L have got a
chance. Here goes
10 p. NJ.
1 am the luclliest
fellow in the world.
L had no idea she
would forgive me.
Guess rve got the
laugh on father this
time. Well be mar
ried in the fall and
We'll GO
Tom Hall in Life.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16

State of California. County of Sacramento
SIS. ON this eth day of February in the year
1898, before me, William NJ. Sims, Notary
Public. in and for said county, personally APP
peared LESLIE y. JACOX and LEON IL
JACOX, known to me to be the persons whose
names are subscribed to the within instru-
ment, and acknowledged TO me that they ex-
ecuted the same.
lsEAI..l WILLIAM NJ. SINS. NotaryiPublic.
fe15-6t In and for Sacramento Co. Cal
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1893-02-16

Two uncut diamonds. green and white,
mounted on square diamond, on which
is engraved the word 'Marie," has been
creating interest in England. 1t formerly
belonged to Marie Antoinette. In the
same exhibition Were two pearl epau-
lettes worn by the late Emperor of Delhi.
and an ornament made OF an idol of pearl
in a niche of pearl. a black diamond
was shown, the largest that has yet been
discovered, and which it took year to
cut, losing 100 carats in the operation.