The evening world., 1893-07-26
HYG|ENE IN HOUsEKEEP|MG.
Economizing Time and Promoting
the Health of Families.
Disinfectants and the Uses to Which
They May He Put.

Hygienic housekeeping Is not as popu-
lar as It will be- The gospel OF health.
cleanliness and domestic economy IL
being carried into the homes of the
other half by "The Evening Worlds
corps OF free physicians. by the sanitary
officers OF the Health Board. by the
slum brigade OF the Salvation Army and
few other philanthropic organizations
that operate during the Summer
months.
In the best educational institutions for
women provision Is made for the special
training in the domestic arts: pupils are
fitted to become housekeepers. nurses
cooks. missionaries. nursery govern
esses, Industrial school teachers and
sanitary inspectors. The course pro-
vides laboratory as well as scientific
study; there are In many of the colleges
normal classes composed OF needy or
sick children. unframed servants and
ignorant mothers. where. under the
supervision of head nutse. principal or
matron, the student gets practice in
tea ching and nursing. In addition to
this, lectures are given by specialists
twice n week during the term. An ad-
mlTnDlP FEATURE OI tnt Coui NC va p'hNy
Is the outdoor classwork.
Through the courtesy OF manufactur-
ers, business firms and protessiona as
aociations visits are made to FOOD fac-
tories. laundries. hospitals. public insti-
tutions and buildings In process OF con,
structIon for the study Of methods and
sanitary improvements In PLUMBING.
heating. ventilation. &c. New notes are
college girls. and It is only fair to the
ma nagers to state that much practical
information is obtained from their
kitchen service: the methods may not, not ne
economical from material standpoint:
hut they are generally time-saving and
convenient
II is a long step from the ,woman's
university to the industrial sch'ooi Pne ths
attractive manner in which 1t is IRE
aented, the progress made by the chill
iren and the clvilizing and moralizing
influence exerted through them tnd on 'he me
nm outsider. Not only the little girls.
but the boys. are taught to mend. darn,
sew on buttons. cook. nurse. market ana
keep house.
Tn sullivan street school, where
scale the boys make kitchen and toilet
brushes for use IN their own nomes;
out out Of the class carpenter shop Vas
pair OF crutches for crippled child.
In connection with the cooking lessons
boys and girls n a Seventh avenue avenue
and invalid foods while in the kitchen
garden classes the l,ttl. pupils pp,.n,e are
drilled in simple methods OF hyg'enic
housework ,.
t,on is not available when most needed.
Charity like fashion goes on 'ara,
tIon about the first of June. and the
other class TO improve. the copditlon or
the masses, are turned into the street.
where in three months' time not rev
become demoralized bevond recognitlon'
In the study Of hyg'eric housekeep-
ing flrat consideration is given, the sub
iect of disinfection. the teacher argu-
ing wisely enourh that " room or
is It Is nS clean the dis
tinguished pathologist. DR.. Herman NJ
Biggs. on DIslnfectants and the
Methods OF plsinfecting." and adopted
by the New York Roari Of Health, Is
| household schools.
The following extracts are we'll worth
preservation:
Contagious Diseases are caused by
living germs. The object Of disinfec-
tion is TO destroy them.
The following art the best known dis
No. l. Heat Continued high tenn
perature destroys all forms Of life. Boil
| Ing for at least half an hour will de-
stroy all disease germs.
| NO. z. iaTDOllC HCV1
ton No. l is composed Of six ounces
OF carbolic acid. dissolved in one gallon
Of hot water, Great care should be
taken that the pure. acid does not come
tion should he used as hot ns nossihle.
No. g. Corrosive sublimate (hichlorlde
Of mercury. Standard solution No.
Is composed OF sixty grains Of pulyer,
grains OF chloride OF ammonia, dis.
solved in one gallon OF water. This
solution must he kept in glass. earthen
or wooden vessels and not in metal
These two standard solutions are
very poisonous taken by the mouth
but are harmless when used externally.
No, 4. Milk Of lime, Standard solu.
tion No. 3 is made by mixing one quart
Of dry freshly slaked lime with five
quarts OF water. Lime is slaked by
lump Of quick lime. The lime becomes
hot. crumbles. and as the shaking Is
complete a white dry powder is used
to make solution No, :. Air-slaked
lime has no value as n dsinfectant.
Often widely advertised disinfectants
whose composition Is kept secret, are
expensive. unreliable and worthless
mpSTnt,annt to nas 5"rs that sub
not necessarily disinfectants;
Methods of disinfec,ing hands ant
person, standard solution No. l shoult
water, Hands soiled In caring for tn,
sick should be Immediately and thor
oughly washed In this solution. and ther
washed with soap and water. The nail.
should be kept perfectly clean and tn
hands should be carefully dislnfectet
before eating or cooking.
Soiled clothing. towels, napkins. bed
ding, &c. should be Immediately put II
standard solution No. l and soaked
twelve hours, being occasionally moved
J about So as to bring the disinfectan
in contact with all parts. Then shoul,
be wrung out and boiled in soap sud
! for one hour. Articles such as beds
, Sc, that cannot be washed. should b.
burned.
Food and Drink.--Food thorough.
cooked and drinks that have been boilet
4 are free from disease germs. In pres
ence OF an epidemic OF cholera or ty
. phoid fever. milk and the water use,
, for drinking. cooking, washing dishes
SC, sh1ud be boiled Just before using
and all persons should avoid eatini
fruit. fresh vegetables and Ice. Ice may
however. be used when ordered for tn
sick by a physician.
Dishes, spoons. &C, used by the sicl
should be kept for the patients exclu
slve use; should not be removed from tn
room, but should he washed there, frs
In standard solution No. | and the
boiled In strong soap suds. These wash
Ing fluids should be thrown into tn
toilet closet. and the closet flushed witt
at least II quart OF standard solutio,
No. |, Remains OF meals should b