davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1893-03-19

Puritan, Dutch OF French blood IN their
veins.
The Sorosis Is q - hood society cofnp<red
~ girls from fhs tenth grade ap~sft. IL
came into existence November ], l>ssz an
a sort IL foii % the high school iyeeum,
which admits only toss IL lts menltseT
ship. On Friday the members Il this
..sscisfs gave an ~irlsi entertainment.
the invitations 90 which bad been writ
ten in green lax and decorated with
shamrock After the usual program ~
songs and recifations ia praise n Erin.
each nems.or deposited tiaf specimen
n ireland's staple IN a basket. accom-
panylng the act with All appropriate
quotation These We're given afixraaftl
10 poor hut worthy irish family.
Most II the city hall and court house
employees spofsed Erins emblem on ~.
Patrick's day. one IL the mattresses even
INDUCING in an apron III brilliant green.
An Irish party was given on Thurs
dap night at the home ~ d.. William
Fuller No. 4tki Fountain street The
program was a. follows:
Piano solc-- ir.sh hsls,.is M, No, sn .,'.s
keeitstien Kate An-~ef hif- Nsties
Vocal solo The shamrock for NJ ,"il~sn
cofnst s-sio sS.seeted lio,d s~@rshoas
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Mi,s blanehe alicf
Reeitatian selected ....--.. M,ss Warner
Piano Duo Selected 80 -. .....-.. ....s-.s.
Mr. Belle Mcleod Lewis. Miss ffsn1
Vocal solo hsthieen Aayourten ..--
Violin sole selected MI. Luia hessss
Recitation Squeeze IN the psfs -. ,,...
Vocal solo Selected. -. David Forts
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1893-03-19
A PITCHER OF
PERFUMERY!

pitcher containing eight 81 Toilet
sold pc this we4k-barFaiu~
Five hundred only sell nj this price They should be
swept away the first day Monday.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1893-03-19
/" DEMOREST"
SEWING MACHINE

Elegant three drawer walnut wsfh full attach
mems eieht Warranted tte wears Hundfsis "a
adng srs@<fnakes them. Thousands ernaz-i'fl
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1893-03-19

The following program was rendered
at the pupils recital given by Henry I
Post. Francis Campbell and Wilbur
Force. on the evening ~ March IA. AZ
the rooms in the Gilbert block:
Piano Dne,s Nos. B. 4 and . Loesehhorn
MisSs.s Edith and Helen ~tudley.
Selections iron klinincckes ->ceses from
l. = L. Il
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1893-03-19

middle aged and elderly Ladies becoming stylish and
durable The Ladies should not fail Cloak depart
before the purchase OF anything tc line Of
thought Of IL will be profitable call believe there
why do better by the cloak purchaser
than others.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1893-03-19
BOON THE
CLOAK STOCK"

Says our cloak manager; yet lac il TOO
busy TO offer a suggestion. in the labor
of opening great boxes Of Ladies'. Nisscs'
and Children's new Spring Wraps
Enough in sight already to supply thou
sands with handsome NANTES.
Ladies Capcs in tan. tobacco green.
blue and black. The line Of Misses and
Cbildrens Rcefers il growing like a
rpring freshet.
These long CLAY" Worsted Capes for
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
rooentrinitr rnsi1v pnrnnnen.

One Of the old residents of Mount Vernon
was Theodore Marston, who moved into
the place before il was a town and settled
on the south tier of lots next to Read1eld
where he made himself a good farm. He
was eccentric. but a man of the strictest
honesty and remarkably generous to the
poor. When he sold poor man bushel
of corn, he never struck the measure, and
if asked why, he would put his hand on his
heart and say, Something in here will tell
when it is full enough" and it was never
full enough" till well rounded. In 1916,
which is known as the cold season, he kept
his granary open for those who had no cash
and would say to those who had, you can
get it somewhere else; keep it only for
those who can't pay."-Lewiston Journal
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
Cloves and Rouge.

Cloves are dangerous little articles. Many
Of the girls nowadays ''touch up" their
compilations, you know. OF course no real
ly nice girl does it TO any extent, for al
though it's no longer connected with vul-
garity as it used to be still it rather stamps
a girl as being conspicuous, not to say loud.
1t is connected somehow in our ideas with
bleached hair, blackened eyelashes and 9TH
er unpleasant deceptions that never deceive
any one. But it is such a temptation to
rouge a little in the evening, and when a
girl does it artistically, and many Of them
do, defy any man to tell it from the real
bona fide bloom that nature is so chary in be-
slowing, and it is in cases Of this kind that
the innocent looking, pleasant smelling lit
tie Glove may do its deadly work.
1t is said by the best authorities that il a
girl IS rouged and a man eats cloves and
then, to put it plainly and vulgarly, "blows
on" her check that self same cheek will turn
black. But all the smart men who have
hear this and determined in their innernost
and very suspicious hearts to try it on
some unsuspecting sweet feminine creature
should also be informed that while the rule
holds good in most cases yet there are some
kinds of rouge that are not affected by
cloves, just as there are kinds that defy
water. And any girl who uses that sort may
weep, or get caught out in the rain, or rub
her cheek with her handkerchief to prove to
you that she is innocent Of the charge, and
yet for all that she may be artifcally paint
ed.-Chicago News-Record.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
nnron nirsoh.s nensfnotions.

If it is true that General Beaurcgard left
100000 apiece to his two children, the
conclusion is reasonable that when he
twirled the wheel of fortune for the Louis
lana Lottery company he did not do it sole
ly for love Of watching the turns Of luck.
There were sure winnings in the lottery for
him, and he did not disdain to carry them
home and salt them down. Therein he diff
fered from Baron de Hirsch, who, as most
people know, finds one use Of his vast in
come in demonstrating that that notable
lottery, the turf, is worth cultivating pure
ly for itself and aside from all the chances
of possible gain.
The baron has given to hospitals, homes
and benevolent associations, principally in
London, without regard to their creeds or
nationalities, all the money won by him
upon the turf during 1891 and 1892. In
1891 the winnings amounted to g. 600, and
in 1892 to 1850 The amounts received
from him by various institutions vary from
$4,000 to 600. Several Of them received
1900, the largest beneficiary Of all being
the London hospital. There are some 40
institutions on his race money hst.-Har-
per's Weekly.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
10. of numor IN Women of IIstorr.

The woman of history is not funny. She
is hardly cheerful She is deyout, pathetic.
passionate ana even tragical, but never hu-
morous. She prays and weeps, but never
laughs Momus and Bacchus and Puck
and all the rest of the merry crew are
males. Venus and Circe and Calypso
smiled, but it was only to please or entice
the lords Of creation and had nothing TO do
with humor, while Archne and Niobe did
nothing but weep.
Even in Christian times humor is sym
bolized by the image Of a well fed monk,
with a nose as purple as the grapes from
which his wine was pressed, holding his
fat sides, while his bestial and besotted face
is wTeathed with smiles. But woman-poor,
sad. pathetic woman-had either no appre-
citation of humor or was deprived of the
ribald feast which tickled her lord and
master 1t was enough for her TO minister
to his wants and whims; to nurse him in
his illness and swathe his aching head after
his debauch; 10 be a maid, mother, or a
mourner; to pass from the cradle TO tta
altar, and from the altar back to the cradle,
and employ her idle moments at the chapel,
i'm the sick chamber orchurchyard. Indeed
the whole history Of woman from ;he ear
liest period of which we have any record Is
made up of tears and black stuiis, like a
! succession of silver nails in a colin.
The trouble seems to have been that she
commenced wrong. 1t Mother Eve, for ex-
ample, had had any sense Of humOr, She
would have taken no stock in the serpent'i
story.-New York Recorder.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
Fire Drills In Private houses.

At one Of the houses in Mayfair a novel
and not altogether purposeless form of en-
tertainmont or experiment was devised
The hostess, having a new fire escape, de
termined to have a midnight instruction
drill in the use Of it, with one Of the inspect
Ors on hand to see it carried out. Accord
ingly at midnight the false alarm was given
out, and the ladies and visitors of the house
hold maneuvred the escape, and all alight-
ed on the pavement in safety. Such prac-
tice is worth the attention of other house
holders, and perhaps the midnight drill is
the moro effective, as most fires occur at
that time. Lady Maple has such drills car
ried out periodically at her city and coun-
try houses, and the fire drill at Holloway
college has become a matter Of celebrity
New York Sun.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
Tax ON FlunI,vism.

The French chamber has passed a meas
ure laying tax on all liveries-that is to
say, any gentleman or lady who claps what
we call Livery" upon q servant shall pay "a
tax Of 90 francs n year for each livery worn.
The opponents Of the bill in France are en-
deavoring TO bring it into ridicule by in
sisting that the chef in his cap and the
nurse In her white apron shall also come
under it's provisions, but this viii not win.
The spirit of the bill is all right. IL is put
ting a tax on hunkyism. and this has be-
come so conspicuous of late years ia what
we call American society that the subject
recommends itself 10 the attention Of our
law givers. A carriage rolling along Fifth
avenue Is likely to contain from one to two
persons in plain attire and not less than
three men in livery bedight.-New York
Commercial Advertiser.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
several Ilinla or somnambuiIa1a.


In paper published in 1893 in Paris by
1eruand, noted authority, somnambr-
ha'n was divided into classes, according TO
ihe causes. First Yves particularly nerv-
sas tempormcnt, which predisposed indi-
riduals otherwise in good health TO par
pSysms of somnambulism during their
ordinary sleep. Then this sleep walking
was sometimes produced in the course of
'ertain diseases, of which il might be con-
idergd % symptom or "a crisis. Then, again,
Z was often brought on or scenin the course
tf the pro eding necessary TO bring on the
condition Auown as animal magnetism.
And, again, it might result as oonse-
Quencc Of q high degree Of mental eXalta-
ti0n In such "a case IL was contagious by
Imitation TO such persons as should be sub
mittod 20 the same influence. In these four
divisions OF causes DR.. Hammond, q living
and modern authority, holds that Bertrand
makes four different kinds Of somnambu.
lism-the essential, the symptomatic, the
artificial and the ocstatic.
Bertrand was at that day ignorant Of that
form of artificial somnambulism known to
more modern medical science as hypnotism.
II may, however, be properly placed in this
third class Then taking the four divisions
they may be reduced to two classes, accord
ing TO DR. HammOnd-the natural and the
artificial The former may occur In persons
who manifest no marked degree Of devia-
tions from the standard of health, and in
whom there IS no very evident nervous ex-
citability. q Is usually, though not al
ways, MANIFESTED during ordinary sleep,
and it is common for authors 10 speak OF 10
as being connected with dream.-St. Louis
Globe-Democrat.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
nobul,e For the Elder Quincy.

Threcscore years ago, when the elder
Quincy represented Massachusetts, in the
lower house at Washington, he was noted
as one of the leaders of the Hartford con-
vention wing of the Federal party, in SYM
pathy with Harrison Gray Otis, John Quin-
cy Adams, Timothy Bigelow and others,
lie was o fearless partisan and on more
than one occasion gave mortal offense to
both political sides Of the house. lie par
ticularly drew the fire of John Randoiph Of
Roanoke. At the close of one Of Quincy 8
caustic speeches, Randolph arose, and point
ing his index finger (a iavorite gesturel TO-
ward Quincy said, "The speaker, the gen
tleman from Massachusetts, soils the very
carpet on which he stands. n-Boston Ca
2ette
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
An 1nscrlntion to Eriosson.

We do not see why the statue erected to
Ericsson should not state that he was a ma
tive of Sweden and a citizen by adoption
OF the United States. We have many thou
sands Of Swedes among us who have be-
come citizens, and they are a worthy and
reputable portion Of the foreign born con
tingent Of our population. Ericsson was a
typical Swede. who did honor to the coun-
try OF bis adoption as well as TO that Of his
birth, and there would be no impropriety
IN stating the facts suggested upon the
pedestal Of his efdgy. Sweden is one Of
those countries whose sons the least fire.
quently force themselves into notice, but
the sterling merit and stoadfast character
Of its people are none she loss worthy Of
recognition when opportunity demands.
We trust yet to see the proper inscription
placed upon the pedimont of the Ericsson
statue.-New York News.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
Sauces and Condiments.

Pepper is simply general stimulant for
the digestive tract. It braces the stomach,
gives q sense of warmth and causes a ilow
OF the digestive fluids OF the stomach.
Mustard has a somewhat similar action,
while salt and vinegar serve the double
purpose of supplying the needs SO far as
saline matters are concerned and rendering
oleaginous matters fit for speedy absorp-
tion.
Tabasco, Worceo oershire, pipricon and
when one partGkcs of fish or salads A
dressing is absolutely necessary for boiled
or baked fish. and no salad outside OF tho
watercress or celery is &c to be taken into
the stomach without the stimulus 10 di-
gestion which the dressing furnishes.-Jen-
ness Miller Magazine
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
Anmsthesia From Torture.

An extraordinary thing happened during
Mr. Seney's last illness. Whilea friend was
with him he was smitten with a violent at
tack Of angina pectoris. Il seemed as
though his suiIerings We're more than the
body could stand and survive. The parox-
ysm lasted fer more than an hour After
it had passed he opened his eyes as one who
awakes from a sound sleep and said to his
friends, "Why, have been asleep haven't
II" SO that it seemed that the excess Of
pain and struggle had really produced a
sort of au@sthesia, and the case will be
discussed ct a meeting Of one OF the med
ical faculties.-New York Cor. Philadelphia
Press.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
How ,be Norverian natbes.

In Europe the only peasantry thatI know
of who take a bath every week are the Nor
wegians. The custom there is a very old
one, and it is attributed thereto that the
Norsemen call Saturday 'Lordag," or wash
ing day. They differ from the Japanese in
that after washing they all put on clean
linen and their best clothes for Sunday. In
Germany personal cleanliness is restricted
TO the upper classes, and baths are looked
upon rs even a still greater luxury than in
France, being confined entirely to the houses
of the very rich.-Cor New York Tribune
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
RAILROADS.

u DENNsYLvANIA RAILROAD STAND
ARD Railway OF America-Protecfe1
Throughout BY the lnterlocking switch and
PHiikDTIpHiA. WILMINGTON and BAt.
flMQhE RAILROAD. $50 y. m. May Il, 1919.
Irelne Will leave Wilmington as f0isowc.
Philadelphia, express, 55, 2 30, 20, BOZ 2,
80, 60 90 30 AZ, 50, 10 05. 10 10, II ~, II y
u 81 am, sl2 70, / 81. sos, O4. 10, II. 8 b.
Accomimodatlony.s 90. 6 s5. Z O5. %, 10 asa m.
ID s3, %, o 40, 4 70. %, %, z 40, 10 3g NJ
900, p6a, 1905, Ii 20, Ii 81, a m, 81 o., T.
Accommodstion.s 8 90 8 55,7 o5, 90, 10 o4s, II ts
New York, IS. 2 IS. n, 30, S., 50, f9 u.
lVu0 10 40, II bl IN. f2 10, 81 90, % 10, lie
%, . %, IS q, 90, ls, l2; 10 80 p M:
Boston, without change, 10 10 = m, % M
New Orleans, Richmond, and Danvtllo tx
press, Al m. All sleeping cars and dining
car.
West Chester. via Lamokin, 80. soo m.
Newark Center and intermediates stations.
Baltimore and Washington, ass s01. 3 II.
10 10, We m, II 0d, u %, 208, 42i. p,
10 Q3, bs, 2 40, 8 y . m. l2 % night.
4 %, 90 p m, and ~ 10 night
balumore and Bay Line, 23p m.
| trains Tor Delaware Division leave for.
New CASTLE, lb, IL % IA, 2 90, 40. 40, Ia
$50, 81 p N, u 06 night.
Lewes, lb a M, ,iH pm.
kxpreea for Dover, Harrington and Delmar.
8 10, n Is = n, 80 IN, 10 ol night.
| Harrington, Delmer and way stations, Q 10
q 10. Harrington and way stations, 2 81 y 1n-
| Express lOr Wyoming. % m
Express FOR Cape Charles. Old Point Com
/ fort and Norfolk, N rs a m. ~ 0l night.
| Leave Philadelphia, Broad street for VIII
10 s8, II IS 4 m, ils %, l3), 02. as. So,
,ul; tal, 0s. 30, b5o, 6l7, z o., 40, IL Is.
Accommodations, sO.7 90. l0as u5fam.ia2
s33 10, 0, 81 22, 88, 10 03. 10 40 IL 38 D. N
Sunday Treins-Leave Wilmington for;
80 philiaodelphia, p I'D express 30 255 20 s59 soe,
a m. i7 10, aS, lOb, 8 %, 1890 pm.
an. j 81, 5 o.. 8 IS, 70o, ais p m. Accomme-
dation oO,sO5 a IN, II ~, ab, o5, $50, 90,
New York, express, l55. 255,42O.7O 50,
f9t7, 1908, i q am, ie 10, 81, o. %. % lf,
| % 81 606 70 n, z 90. 10 30 p IA.
Boston, without change, % p m; r,,,-
New Orleans, Richmond and Danville.
express, Al p m. All sleeping cars and dining
car.
New Castle, 81 y IA, ~ 06 night.
gape Charles, Old Point Comfort and Nor
folk, lg On night.
ton. Harrington, Bridgeville. seaford. LauI el
and Deimnr, l2 Oi night.
Baltimore and Washington, ABS, s0l. 10 10
am, II 00, O. II, t6O3, 40. 3 20 p m, Il 40
Baltimore and intermediate stations, 8 oe,
y m. and l2 l8 night.
lHaNNN ANllitNAs A9lNtA nAAn"tt AIA " A.
mington. express, so. ~ $40, II ls a no,
4 a bo8, %, 2 40, 55, II l6. II 30 m. u GO
Accommodation. 05. 10 Ss a m. IL 60. 2 ob. . l1
4 80 10 o. II 88 y m.
For further Information, passengers arc re-
ferred 20 the ticket Office AZ the station.
fU0ngresalOnal Limited Express train com
/ posed entirely OF Pullman Nestibule Pnrloi
and Dining Cars. No extra fare.
| tLimited Express trains. composed OF Pull
man Veatihule parlor Cars, Neetibule PaFaen
ger Coaches and Dininq Gar No extra fare.
fRichmOnd and Danville Express, Sleeping
parlOr and Dining Car attached. (No coaches.
fDining Car attached.
8 NJ. pRENOSI. J. r. WOOD,
General Manager. General Passenger Agent
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
chanee In oreat InrentIon..

There can oe no doubt that many an in
ventor, with one object in view, has fire.
quently been upon the brink of wonderful
discoveries and passed them 10y uncon-
sciously. UnQuestionably great discover
les which would have been OF incalculable
value TO humanity have thus been delayed
and left for ages to come, when some fortu-
nate inventor may discover the process
which win make his fortune and enlighten
the world The accidental discoveries In
the PAST demonstrate this fact Boston
Herald
Evening journal., 1893-05-29

Messrs. Garretson, Cox & Co., publish
ers, Of Buffalo, N. Y, have acquired the
magazine heretofore known as the
Quarterly Register Of Current History,
and which was published in Detroit,
Mich. The distinctive features OF Cur
rent History, which have commended it
most highly to appreciative readers as an
authoritative and comprehensive, yet
concise record of the worlds progress,
will be preserved. The general plan of
the publication will remain the same
Dut the name will be changed to The
Cyclopedic Review Of Current History
Each number will comprise about 200
psges, being a material increase over The
amount of reading matter heretofore
appearing in Current History. In size
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
snrrinru unnnst1r

Scene-A Partisan restaurant. Enter q
fussy old gentleman, who, after choosing
his table, bockons to the waiter and saws
eonfdentially; II want a really good din
ner. Here's your tip beforehand. Now
ing cautiously round and whispering in the
clients ear)-Go somewhere elsel-St.
James Gazette
Evening journal., 1893-05-29

It was sometimes a wonder to those who
knew Rossetti casually that his friends bore
so patiently with his moods and impulses.
but it was nevertheless true chat he was
deeply beloved, and that his faults were
universally tolerated.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
80 IL -, cnrnlrle..

In Egypt or no Constaltinople style con
sists ia the quantity of fur and fine clothes
q lady can puc on without danger of suiio-
cation Here iJ is otherwise and consists
in She quantity sine can put of without the
risk of freezipg. a Chinese lady is thought
prodigal Of her charms If she exposes the
tip of her nose or the ends Of her fingers to
tie ardent gaze Of bystanders.-Phi Phiiadel-
nlfa ifnea
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
when Travelling

Whether on pleasure bent, or business,
take on every trip bottle of Syrup Of
Figs, as It acts most pleasantly and ei
fectively on the Kidneys. liver and bowels.
preventing fevers, headaches and other
forms Of sickness. For sale in 90 cents
and 81 bottles by all leading druggists.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
A MEETING.

A troth and grief and blessing
Disguised them and came this way,
And one was promise, and one was =
doubt,
And one was a rainy day.
And they met betimes with this maiden,
And the promise it spake and lied,
And the doubt it gibbered and hugged it.
self,
And the rainy day-she died.
James Whitcomb Riley.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
Women once Seekers ut the CAPITAL.

The women office seekers about che cap
itol are oasy 10 distinguish. They suffer
from the feminine drawbacks of no pock-
cts, and most oithcm have 20 carry theirpre-
oious documents In their hands. III q wom-
an appears with "a fat, small package about
inches wide and lcng, done mp in brown
MANILA paper Of the dry goods counter
stamp, it is Eafe to say she wants an office.
She thinks ncbody suspects what is in the
package, but every member who sees it
knows from experience the exact character
of its contclis. -kate Fields Washington.
l.,aralass tAs paotosE.pnsr. ~ ssAIsst
Evening journal., 1893-05-29
rlrcnirch

'Brakes and couphngsl Ratsw exclaimed
AIRS. Hogan, as size threw down her paper
In disgust. "Piwin ! read thot head on
the Cy-r-ticle, sure l fought it was divorces
an marriages, an it's nought but lut of
stuff about the railroads. indianapolis
Journnl
Evening journal., 1893-05-29

Frances Willard has somewhat astonished
the English by suggesting that the grill"
behind which all women excspt peeresses
have had tc conceal themselves to listen to
debates in the house of commons, be placed
in the British museum as a relic
Evening journal., 1893-05-29

it's fairness, but with instructions as to
how it may be fully and fairly laid with
out disgracefal systems of fraud and
hateful work ny spies and paid reform
Evening journal., 1893-05-29

The book department Of the May
Annals of the American Academy Of
Political and Social Science contains
notices of very many recent economic
works. Among those reviewed are
Bernheim's "Lshrbuch der Historischen
Methode;" Blocks "L'Europe. politique
et sociale;' Bourdeaus lie Socialsme
Allemand ct le Nihiisme russo" Mul.
berger's "Studien uber Proudhon %
Brentano's "Die Volkswirthschaft I:
Brockings "Die franzosiche Politik
Papst Leo TX. - Gould's Social Condi
tion of Labor" 50. Mares "Etude sur
l'enseignement de lEconomic politique
dams les Universities d'Allemagne et
d'Antriche;" Trumhull's Free Trade
Struggle IN England :" Wise's "Indus
trial Freedom" Atkinsons Taxation
and Work. Strange's Farmers Tariff
Manual: :" and "Woodburn's Causes OF
the American Revolution
Evening journal., 1893-05-29

The common name of the Easter festival
IN the east was the Paschal feast, because
kept the same time as the Pascha, or jew
ish passover, and in some measure succeed
inc to it.
Evening journal., 1893-05-29

and form, the pages VIII be altered so as
TO conform, when bound. TO the volumes
Of the Columbian Cyclopedia In the
matter of illustrations the highest
standard OF artistic work will be fully
maintained. The subscription price will
remain the same, $l50 year; single
numbers 40 cents; sample copies, 20
cents. All agreements with old sub
scribers remain in force.