The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1893-02-23
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.


in the United States for the manu;ac
ture of sewing machines, employing a
capital of about 5000, 600. The total
annual product of the sewing machine
business in the United States in 1890
was probably not less in value than
&c, 00o, 900.
Australia is entering into strong
competition with France in the produc.
ton of brandy. In 1892 the colony Of
Victoria exported to the United King,
dom SO, 04o proof gallons. 1t is said
Australia can produce brandy that will
stand comparison with the finest French
cognac. All the indications are of a
very encouraging character, and the
area planted with vineyards is very
largely increasing.
During the year 1892, Il, 900 vessels
arrived at the port of New York. In
this number are included only steamers,
ships banks, briggs and schooners OF
this total s, 705 were coastwise vessels
Of the remaining, 5,SSS vessels were
from foreign ports. Great Britain heads
the list with 2,63s; America comes next
with total of 1,22S, and Germany is
third on the list with SOL. In 1891 the
number of vessels of this class was L.
77L-Railway Review.
The power of cold to preserve ami
NAL tissues from actual decay is indefi-
mite, perhaps infinite, but it cannot
prevent all change. A turkey that was
kept in refrigerator for ten years was
free from putrefactive changes, but also
free from flavor-practically tasteless
Flavor is an evanescent quality of or
ganic tissues that cannot be in any
manner surely bottled up and preserved
for any great length of time
Over hundred specimens - deep
sea fishes have been secured off the
California coast For the most part
they are dark colored, soft bodied, and
many of them are covered with phos-
phorescent spots which act as portable
lamps, whereby the fish are able to see
in the dark depths of the ocean. These
fish live in the open sea, at depth of
two to five miles, and their soft bodies
at this depth are rendered irm by the
tremendous pressure of tie surround
ing waters
Reports to l,radstreet's from one
hundred and thirty-ive railway COM
panies furnish an aggregate of $685.
OBS, 900 gross earnings in 1892, about T. I
per cent more than their. total gross
earnings in 1891, when their gain as
compared with 1890 was 90 per cent
Granger roads report relatively the larg-
est increase in 1892 Q2 per cent East
ern railroads and the Southwesterns
following with gains of and per
cent respectively. Southern railroads
increased their gross earnings last year
over 1891 by SO per cent, and Pacific
railways similarly, while Central West
ems gained 81 per cent and trunk
lines only - per cent
The general showing in regard to
the vintage in France last fall is con-
sidered to be very satisfactory. The
total yield for the seventy-six depart
ments in which wine is made is esti-
mated at 654, S4s, OILS gallons This is a
decrease of some %, 600, 900 as compared
with 81, and yet some SO, 900 more acres
were planted in vines 1t is, however,
an increase over the two years proceed
ing 1891, and is Is, 600, 600 gallons above
the average of the past five years But
theaverage has been decreasing steadily
since 1873, when the phylloxera in
vaded French vineyards, In that year,
with 5,550,00 acres in vines France
produced 500, 900, 900 gallons.
The researches of many observers,
as reported upon by DIR. Buchan, show
that the ocean currents cause the tenn
perature of the west side of the Allan
tic, at depths from 100 t. 500 fathoms,
to be nearly 10 degrees warmer than at
the same depths on the east side. At
500 fathoms however, the temperatures
of both sides are equal, while at greater
depths the east side is the warmer.
North of the Wyvil Thomson ridge,
which is between shetland and Iceland.
stationary temperature is reached at
zoo fathoms, below which the water re-
mains at about 29.5 degrees In the
Gulf of Mexico the water grows cold
down to 200 fathoms, below which it is
always at about -, degrees. The tenn
perature of the Mediterranean at 200
fathoms is about sc degrees, and no
change is found in going to the bottom,
which in places reaches a depth of !, 500
fathoms,