davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

The Cumberland Neacs says: Sena-
tor Faulkner does not lose any time in
beheading Republican official when
he gets the chance. 1t seems that it
requires three persons to superintend
the erection of the public building at
Martinsburg, w. Va. One superin-
tends the workmen, another helps, and
third keeps the two former straight
by keeping the accounts. Now up to
Saturday last thes three individuals
We're doing very well until Mr.. Faux
ner got sweep at them with his axe
and off went their heads. Three good
Democrats Immediately took their
places, and the work of reform pro-
ceeds on It's merry way. Mr.. Cleveland
must have overlooked Faulkner's mer~
It's. He would have made an excellent
fourth assistant postmaster general.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

The rule of our Presidents has al
most invariably been to turn consuls
out and give their places to the faith
full, the latter being generally Exon
gressmen. The competency of candi-
dates has been little considered; poll
teal influence has generally decided
whether or not the applicant for a CON
sulship was successful. Whether he
was or was not a person who could in
crease our trade with the country to
which he was sent was not taken into
account. In numberless cases good
Americans have been made foreign
consuls only because they wanted to
90 abroad, and could not do what they
wanted unless the government paid
their expenses. Generally they found
four years enough, and did not strug-
gle for retention or do anything to de-
serve it. Presidents who desired the
aid of Congressman for administrative
measures or policy offered the hon
orable members the gilded bride of
consulsbip, and thereby won their sup
port. This sort of folly, or worse than
folly, has gone on long enough. Eu-
rope, largely through her consul sys-
TEN, has a much larger proportion of
trade, with South America for In
stance, than she should have, or than
she would have if American consuls
had been in all cases chosen as hers
We're, and because of their capability
to get trade.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
RAILROAD TIME TABLES,
BALTIMORE & OHIO TINE TABLE.
ID -O-
In Effect Sunday, Nov. Is, 1899.

No. 5. Vestibuled Limited "Dcly," leaves
New York 1915 a, M, Phila, S:15 BALTIC 1920 :
Wash; 11:3O arrive at Martinsburg 140 p. m,
and Chicago 1855 a. M, connects at Hancock
for Berkeley Springs, and at Cumberland for
Pittsburg
No. Z vestibuled Express DAILY leaves
New York 1;30 p M, ; Phila 4:05 BALTIC 7:15
Wash; S:15 arrives at Martinsburg 1887 p. m.
and Chicago $3.50 p. m.
No. /. vestibuled Limited Daily" leaves
New York, 900 a. M, Phla, 11:35 BALTIC 2:3O D
m., Wash. 800; arrives at Martinsburg $3.50 D,
M ; Cincinnati 745 Z. M, st. Louis 6:25 D. m.
Connects at Hancock for Berkeley Springs, ex.
No. 3. Vestibuled Express Daily" leaves
New York 500 p m Phila. 722; BALTIC 1851 /:
Wash 1875; arrives at Martinsburg l:45 a. n. >
Cincinnati 5:15 p M; and st. Louis 7:15 a. M
No. 8. Pittsburg Express DAILY, " leaves New
York 1870 p. M, Phila. 4:05 BALTIC 7:4O and
Wash S:45 arrives at Martinsburg 1905 D. m.
No. 10 Baltimore and Cumberland Accomo
dation Daily" leaves Baltimore 400 a. M. via
old line, arrives at Martinsburg S:95 a. M; Cum
berland 1115 p, m. Stops at all stations ana
connects at Hancock for Berkeley Springs. ex.
cept Sunday
No. Is. Baltimore and Piedmont Accommo.
dation Daily" except Sunday, leaves Balti.
more via old line at $40 a. m and arrives AZ
Martinsburg "a p. m, and Piedmont at 5:25 D. m.
stops at all stations and connects at Hancock
for berkeley Springs and at Green Spring Run
No. 70. Brunswick and Martinsburg Accom-
modation, daily leaves Brunswick Clio D m
arrives at Martinsburg : ~ p. m.
EAST BOUND.
No. 6. yestibuled Limited Daily" leaves
Cmcago zoo p M: arrives at Martinsburg 2:3O
p. m, ash 4:55 p. M, BALTIC. 600 Phila SIS
ana New York 1910 p. m. Connects with Pitts
burg train at Cumberland
n. 8. Nestibuled Express DAILY, leaves Chi
cago 1910 a. m. arrives at Martnsburg at 9,4s
a, m, Wash, 1146 am; BALTIC. 100 p. m. Phila
3:25 and New York 500 D. M
No. 10. Express Daily" leaves Pittsburg a,
g50 p M arrives at Martinsburg 4:54 a. m.
Wash 7:40; Baltic 8:45; Phila lilo a. M, and
New York lbs p. m -'N
No. ?, Vestibuled Limited Daily Leaves
ST Louis 500 a. m, Cincinnati 7:20 D. M ar
rives at Martinsburg lisa a. M: Wash 2:1O T.
p, m. Stops at Shenandoah Junction. connects
at Harper's Ferry for Lexington Va, and inter
mediate stations. Connects at Weverton for
IHagerstown, and at Washington junction for
Frederick, except Sunday
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

1t is time that the Administration at
Washington settled down to business.
The President and the Cabinet officers
have devoted a sufficient number of
entire days to office-seekers. They
ought now to restrict these callers to
certain hours and to set about the task
Of preparation for fulfilling the prom
ises of the Democratic platform.
There is no reason why the whole Of
the first few months of the Administra-
TONS time should be devoted to the
selection Of subordinate officers. That
task is essential, but not 50 essential
as the framing Of methods for carrying
out policy.
The Democratic platform promised
certain reforms in the currency OF the
country and revision Of our tax laws
to the end that the burdens Of the tariff
on the necessarles Of life might he
lightened
If effective work is to be accomplish
ed in this direction the Treasury De-
partment ought TO be at work formu-
iating its policies. 1t will not do to say
that the Senate is organized for free
coinage. Something can be accom-
plished and the silver question can be
driven out of political and financial
discussion if it is made part of the
larger and more important currency
question.
There is no doubt that large sections
of the country are in need OF more
abundant currency and their ills ought
to be righted. There is also no doubt
that no civilized country in the world
has such Heterogeneous mass of money
and money-tokens as is issued by the
United States, some Of the paper be
Jag payable in gold, some in silver and
some in any kind of coin.
The plan for remedying currency
evils is not more important than the
plan for reducing tariff taxes without
unduly decreasing revenue. While
the tariff reformers seem to be at sea
the manufacturers are busy They
are doing their utmost to con
vince the country that it would be a
crime to increase revenues by reduc-
ing the tariff. The woollen manufac-
turers who are anxious that the coun-
try shall carry them through few
more years of liquidation, are insisting
that they cannot stand reduction nc
matter what may be done with wool.
The time has come when these mat
tiers may be thoroughly discussed, but
discussion cannot begin until the Secre-
tary Of the Treasury has a plan.
Let the Administration go to work
and prepare for the session than is
coming and for the education that
must precede the session.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

The Directors Of the Worlds Fair
are in state Of mind because only
half Of the exhibitors have come to
time. Wherever the responsibility for
this discreditable state Of affairs may
leland the fact that the hardness IS
SO general suggests some central source
and cause OF 1.-THE inevitable effect
will be rush and confusion in the com
ing weeks, entailing both loss to the
belated exhibitors and dIsappoint-
ment to the visitors.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

Miscellaneous as the Mckinley tariff
is, an extra session of Congress for its
removal was never part of the Demo
cratic programme. The only discus
sion of an extra session has been in
connection with a contingent necessi
ty for a repeal of the Silver Purchase
act. Since there is no prospect for an
immediate repeal of this act, there can
be no necessity for an extra session of
Congress. Tariff legislation, impor-
tant as it IS, can wait till the regular
term. But the advocates Of tariff
spoilauon may rest assured that the
work Of reform will be none the less
thorough because of this delay.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

The news that Mr.. Gladstone is i'll,
though coupled with the assurance that
no serious result is apprehended, will
nevertheless attract widespread atten-
ton, and all over the civilized world
people will watch for further and better
news. 1t should be remembered that
Mr.. Gladstone is now in his S4th year;
that his life has been larger and fuller
than that of any of his contemporaries;
that at his present great age his intel
lectual labors are severe and unceas-
ing, and that just now he is engaged in
struggle in behalf of human rights
against odds that would appal many a
capable statesman of half his years.
His Interpretation for further Parlia-
mentary work at this time might prove
calamity to Ireland and his death
would not only put off indefinitely the
realization of her dearest hope, but
would be far more than Il national mis-
fortune. Until his eloquent tongue
shall have been stilled forever the
world will not fully realize Mr.. Glad
stones true greatness.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

Congressional syndicates formed fol
the purpose of farming out patronage
would show wisdom and practical fore
thought by making it their first bust
ness to ascertain if the patronage could
be farmed ont. The disposition shown
by the Administration to let competent
and faithful officials serve out their
terms, to prefer new men before pro
fessional office-holders, and to look
quite over the heads of quarreling fac
tons in dealing out preferment, should
beget warineSs on the part of che spoils-
hunters. The syndicates may arrange
to suit themselves the postoffices, con
sulships, collectorships and other posi-
tons at the Executive disposal. There
Is nothing to prevent them. But it
would give great satisfaction to the
country if the Administration should
make up the civil sArvice as the Presi-
dent has made up his Cabinet-with-
out other aim han to carry out the
distinct policies to which the Demo
cratic party stands pledged
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

Common sense ought to come to the
rescue Of those who have been dazed
or deceived by the fne-spun theories
Of civil service reform. The people have
Endorsed the Democratic party and its
principles. There are the offices to be
filed Other things being equal, why
should they not be filled by Democrats
rather than by Republicans?
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

Pope Leo in his disposition to sup
port Republican institutions in France
appears to be as far ahead of his
Bishops iii that country as he is in ad-
vance of the Catholic clergy in this
country in his liberal attitude toward
public schools. Undoubtedly the Pope
is one of the ablest statesmen in
Europe, us well as one Of the most
sanity men who ever sat in the Papal
chair.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

The Baltimore authorities, acting on
the hint given in the recent decision Of
the United States Supreme Court de-
claring the right Of municipalities to
put unreasonable tax on telegraph poles,
have decided to impose a tax of So per
pole.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

The ocean is so crowded with vessels
that there is justification for the hope
that the crew of the Naronic-some,
if not all-may have been picked up
by passing ship. The empty life
boat sighted by the Coventry speaks
encouragement and few days more
may clear up the painful mystery at
tending the fate Of the missing steam
ship.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
FRIDAY. MARCH "a, 1888,

American -four is being largely ship
ped to Canada, despite the duty Of so
cents per barrel, the shippers, it is
alleged, having fraudulenty sent low
grades Of the article as feed. Fraud
is poor substitute for reciprocity eth
er northwardly or III the Pan-American
direction.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

After the New York earthquake We
had premonition that something mar
velous would turn up i'll the West to
restore the balance. And it has. Tele-
graphic reporss from Denver announce
the discovery in Colorado of the skele-
ton of an ichthyosaurus 100 feet long,
and with a back bone thicker than a
nail keg.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

No. e. yestihuled Express --Daflv. ,, -.
St. LoEis sos D. m: Cincinnati s.iJ a ~ asa
rives at Martinsburg 2:3s a. m. Wssb a.
BALTIC. $50; Phila. 9:15 and New York 11s.s ~
No. IS. Cumberland and Baltimore a - y. 2.
mediation, Daily" leaves Cumberland 20 ~ g
arrives at Martinsburg $40 p. m; Washi5,.s.al eng
$40; Baltimore 1000 p. m; PHILADELPHIA a. =
m; and New York 40 a. m Stons =. az a
stations west of Washington junction cow, a. ~
at Harper's Ferry for Winchester, at Weverrsa.ss
Tor Hagerstown, and Washington junction n.
Frederick, except Sunday ~
!, No "a Piedmont d Baltimore accommod.
tio1, caily, except Sunday, leaves Piedmont :.
40 a. m, arrives at Martinsburg at 11.10 q
arrives at Baltimore, via. old line at 4:90 n u
stops at all stations and connects at Weysss-4t-
Tor Hagerstown ana at Frederick Junction y.
Frederick. -On Iul
No. 80. Martinsburg and Brunswick acco,.
mediation. Daily" leaves Martinsburg an e[,
a. m; arrives at Brunswick at 65s a. M aT;
connects at Harper's Ferry for Lexington AZ
Baltimore, and at Weverton for Hagerstown1 1'
GO. SCULL, G. W. SANTMAN
S n oI Tass,r a gt. Ticket Agent
Baltimore Nj
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

X On Sunday will stop on signal or to let of
passengers.
Additional trains will leave Carlisle daily ex-
cept Sunday at SO a. M, IL. 80 p. M, 8 45 D. M,
stopping at all intermediate stations, arriving at
harrisburg at 6.4O.a. m, rs p. M, and 433 p. m.
NO runs daily between Harrisburg and
Chambersburg.
Daily.
+ Daily except Sunday
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
FirSt-Class Risks at Lower Rates

Than any equally sound institution that
places all its risks at one rate wholly
ignoring the Importance of charging
each policy holder a premium equitably
proportioned to the risk assumed This
is the
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
UNREASONABLE AND PURELY
ARBITRARY TECHNICALITlES

Which have so long worked injustice to
applicants and agents, and while it does
not contemplate in any sense the accent
ance of any applicant not safely instr-
able, it recognizes the fact that a large
number Of risks usually declined can be
safely insured at an increased premium.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
The Adjusted Rate plan

Is original with this Company and is an
entirely new feature in lite insurance.
1t enables the Company to provide in
surance to persons who are
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
Merits Of the Risk Establishes
The Rate of Premium

The principal is similar to that applied
to fire insurance, the premiums being
regulated in accordance with the nature
of the risk. The Adjusted Rate Plan
avoids also the
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
THE WORLD

F. VERNON ALER, Editor & Prop r.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
Most Equitable System Of
Life Insurance.

Ever offered to the public, as the rate
charged is directly N proportion to the
risk assumed rather than an equal rate
for all. While none but those safely in
surable are accepted, the
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24
BALTIMORE AND CUMBERLANI
VALLEY RAILROAD.

Train arriving at Cherry Run S.45 P. NJ runs
through to Hancock, arriving go p NJ and
leaves Hancock $50 A. NJ arriving Cherry RuQ
$40 A. NJ.
Additional train leaves Cherry Run at sos D.
intermediate stations.
Leave Rocky Ridge for Emmittsburg at SEQ
and l0.40 a. M, and 332 and 6 25 D. M
Leave Emmittsburg for Rocky Ridge at 7.50
and 955 a. M, and so and 5.40p m.
Leave Brqceville for Frederick at 10 .32 a. M.
and 5O2 and 7.20 p. m.
Leave Bruceville for Taneytown, Littlestown
YORK, Wrightsville and Columbia at 95S a H.
and 345 p M
+; " r. X. Trains leave Shippensburg at As
and 1.35 a. M, and 1890 D. m, and arrive at
SShippensburg at 9.45 a. M, 1.40 and $40 p. m
daily, except Sunday
*Daily., Mondays only. All others daily ex.
cept Sunday.
j. M. HOOD, B. II. GRISWOLD,
Genl Manager. Gen1 Pass. Agent
CUMBERLAND VALLEY RAILROAD TINE
I L n.A
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

soFF1cE ON PUBLIC SQUARES
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1893-03-24

Additional trains will leave Harrisburg, daily
except Sunday at S.25 and 1925 a. M, and 5.15
p. M. arriving at Carlisle at 91Oa M. II 20 am.
and 500 p M, stopping at all intermediate sta
tions
Pullman Palace Sleeping cars between Hag.-
erstown and New York on Nos and 10 east
and on Nos. 3 and west
Pullman Sleeping Cars on Nos. and 10 be
tween Philadelphia and New Orleans
Daily.
t Daily except Sunday.
Connections for all stations on Cumberland
Valley Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad sys
TEN.
II. A. RIDDLE, W. A GARD, j. F. RoYD
Gen Pass Art Agent SUI
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-02-07
THE JOINT ASSEM- II

1t Passes on Once More without Incident
Of Note.
There were again nina pairs recorded In
the joint assembly for United States ssns-
tor yesterday. Beyond shat there was
nothing Of interest in the voting, except
that all the Dixon men were there this
time. The senate voted az follows:
For Clark-Csrdwsll. MoDermott and
Steele-3.
For sanders-Brown, Folsom. Goddard
and Swift-4.
ForDixon-Fgsleston, ellison and Mats
8.
Paired-Buford. Cullen and Hoffman.
with Baylies. Hatch and Powsr-6.
The members Of the house present voted
as follows:
For Clark-Bach. Beeoher. Butler. Fit.
schen. kilgnllon, Logue, Loring. McDonel,
Murphy. S~appington, Tierney, Truman
and Wahle-13.
For Sande:s-AnAear. Babcock, Benson.
@. Fl. B ay. Carpenter, Cooler, Fleming.
Goodell, Huffman, Jeffsrs, Lewis. Jockey.
Losee, Mckay. Metzel, Monteath, Rose,
SWEET, Tallant and Winter-20.
For Dixon-Bonner. A. +. Bray. Burke.
Fitzgerald, German, Smalley. Ward,
Walkup and Matthsws--9.
~Paired-Ash, Dudley. Lockhart, Martin,
Scharnikow and Wilson, with Bur- ell.
Burns. Graves. Lawrence, Lssch and Van
Cleve-12. ag#
Join. ballot-Clark 16. Sanders "a, Dixon
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-02-07
THE HOUSE.

Three Sessions Held and Lots OF Basin O IS
Transacted.
The house held three sessions Yesterday,
morning, afternoon aud night. The morn.
ing session was necessarily short az it did
not begin until 1870 o'clock. Most OF the
days business was trans aoted at the after
noon session. when Gov. Richards returned
to the house with his veto the bill prsscrib-
ing the duties and compensation of the
Office and employees OF each house OF the
legislative assembly. He says: "Ssction
Z OF the bill provides that the speaker and
the speaker protein of tho house, and the
PRESIDENT protein of the senate shall zach
be paid ten dollars per day in lieu of hia
per diem as q member of the legislative as
semoiy. This provision seems TO be a clear
violation of the constitutional restriction
found in the last clause of section five, ar
tiole five Of the constitution of this state.
which say, that no legislative assembly
shall fix its Own com ensatlon. Section
eight. rrsicle five. of the constitution, ap-
pies with even more directness to this
question in the following language: No
member of either huuse shall. dining the
term for which he shall have been elected,
receive any increase in salary or mileage
under any law passed du ing such term
Section tWenty-nine. article five of the eon-
stitution, says: No bill shall be passed
giving any extra compensation TO any public
ofncer. servant or employe, agent or con-
tractor, after services shall have been rem
dersd and contract mRdo.' This provision
Hes against such portions of tho bill as pro-
vide extra compensation for sery!oes al.
ready rendered. /: Therefore becomes my
duty to withhold my approval of this bin
on constitutional grounds. ] recognize
much merit in the ends sought to be al
tanned by the passage Of this bill, and
offer NO objections TO its equitable measures
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-02-07

was also Q member Of the hoard
Of appraisers. When az a county com
missioner he came to pass on his
work 40 appraiser, he was not likely to want
TO make any change. The additional cost
under the new law would be very little, and
hs was satisfied there would be a better and
more equable assessment Of values. Re-
marks In favor Of tho bill were made by A.
Il. Bray. Goodell. Rose, Monteath and Huff.
man. II was changed 80 ns to allow the
boa d to sit twelve DAYS. instead OF being
limited TO eight. in counties where the val
uation Of property exceeds ton millions. IL
was the general sentiment that the board
should be allowed all tho time necessary, a.
some counties we're said to be in need Of
entirely new assessments.
A. F. Bray. Mu rhy and Lossee we're ap-
pointed 10 act with a similar committee
from the senate to select a proper design
for O state seal.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-02-07
THE SENATE,

Passage OF the Bill Extending the Torn Of
Existence Of Corporations.
The senate yesterday did not do much
work. Gibbons bill extending the term of
existence Of corporations to fifty years was
passed BY a unanimous vote. and that was
the most important thing done. Swift
gave notice of Il bill to create the twelfth
judicial district and also OF ono for the To-
cntion of the state reform school. A com
mnnication from the Pan-Amerioan BIZ
Metallic association requesting the gov
ernor to appoint twenty delegates to attend
the session OF the Bi-Metallio league al
Washington, Fob. %. and asking the legis-
lature to APPROPRIATE 800 for the expense
OF each of the delegates. The c~ommunioa.
tton Was referfed to a committee.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-02-07

the pro-tem presiding o%f1csrs' salaries dur
ing their term of office will effect the bill
increasing the paw of the governors private
SEQ etary from 81. 200 to 81 400. The con-
stitutional objections which the governor
found in tho way of increasing tho per diem
of President pro-tem Mats and Speaker
pro-tem Bray, of tho house. seem to be in
s~urmountable. Whether they apply to
raising the pay of state officers who have
already entered upon their duties remains
to be seen.
A correspondent desires to know what
has become of this memorial from the
Methodist Episcopal church of Montana
relating to the licensing of gambling. The
memorial was presented in the senate, re-
ferred to the COMMITTEES on public morals
and on last Friday that committee reported
it with tho accommodation that it be in
definitely postponed. This recommends
tion wes ooncu red in.
Hon. G. w. Stapleton. Of Butte, arrived
in Helena yesterday. 1t is understood that
Mr.. Stapleton isl Mr.. Daly's choice for
United States senator in case of NJ. Dix
on's retirement, and that Mr.. Stapleton
has come over with that understanding.
Messrs. Bray and Matthews, 1t IL under
stood. will vote for him to-day or to.mor-
row.
The Sweet Grass county people have
opened headquarters in the Power block.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1893-02-07
THE STATES

Message from the Governor GivlnC Some
ny Revised Estimates.
Gov. Richards sent to the two branches
Of the Legislature yesterday a message con-
tanning a more specific statement OF the
financial requirements of the state, based
on careful estimator Of the expenditures Of
the various DEPARTMENTS for tho fiscal year
ending Nov. 30, 1898. and Nov. 30, 10 "a.
In it, he says, is not included the salaries
of new officers that may be created, nor the
necessary expenses Of the legislative SEES
sion. the Worlds fair appropriation, the
items depending upon legislation that may
be enacted. The estimates OF needed re-
uuirements are Qixap aa folloXs: