davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

Its losses at Gettysburg were G66 killed, 1921
wounded and 2, l62 mIssing-total, 6,059 out of
9,403 engaged. about all sustained the LIST.
The two divisions of the eleventh corps lost 262
killed, l,4li wounded and .lGG mIssing-tottl.
2,Si2. Steinwehr not engaged. sihis makes
a total fe 1eral loss on this day of 550S killed
and wounded and 8 22S missing. many of whom
were killed and wounded; total, S,905, out of
| possibly 10000 engaged.
The coAfederates had won. but at fearful cost.
IIeth was Wounded and the life knocked ont OF
hs division. Rodes had also sustained heavy
| losses Of Heth's. Pettigrew's brigade lost
l.l05 men and Davis brigade 897. nearly all on
| this day-far greater brigade losses than any
sustained III the Union army. One of Petit
| CREWS regiments, the twenty-sixth North Caro-
| lima. alone los! 583 killed and wounded In
| Rodes' division Daniels brigade lost GIG and
| lverson S97 men. Pendcr wounded and
his diYisiOn lost heavily, but Early, whose
division mopped up the eleventh corps. prob
ably lost not over 700 all told. Their total loss
in killed and wounded could hardly have been
less than &, 500 men, besides 1000 captured.
THE SECOND DAY.
The collision at Gettysburg set aside all thco-
retical schemes to decoy Lee down to Pipe creek.
The whole army was ordered to Gettysburg as
soon Meade learned what was going on
Both Sickles and Slocum, when too late had
already taken the responsibility to march
toward Reynolds battlefield, and began ar-iv-
ing at shutdown. Gen. Meade reached Gene
terry Hill about midnight and inspected the
entire line. giving orders for the disposition of
troops Gen. Hunt stationed the artillery
Hancock's second corps, most of Sykes fifth
corps and some others arrived about a. m
and the rest of the commands by noon of July
2 except Sedgwick's sixth corps which did not
get up until 4 p. m.
The new ground was admire BILE for defen-
sive battle. lis general aspect that of two
or three ridges. with intervening valleys and
some cross hollows, generally running north
and south along Rock creek fordable stream
on the east and higher eminencos on both
TANKS. with many rough bluffy points between.
affording good positions for infantry and ex-
cellent range for artillery in all directions
The Union position on the north, on Gene
terry and Cups hills was a half circle. extend
ing thence about mile down Rock creek toward
the south, facing east; the left extension fac
ing west, was finally established as far south
az the Big Round Top, two and a half miles
from the cemetery. This front for the most
part slopes gradually off into a richly cult
waited valley, dotted with comfortable farm
houses. orchards and fields of golden grain. up
which the Emmittsburg road passes to Gettys-
burg. There was but little woods for cover
such as the confederate foe was used to in its
| Virginia battles Most of the line WAS in
| trenched. The horseshoe shape of the Union
position afforded easy facility for quickly re-
lnfOrclng any threatened point.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

But The federal defeat At Chickamaues caused
the oloveath aud twelfth corps TO be hsstiy
sent by raal 10 reinforce Roseorans and this q
once ssorped Moade's aggressive movomenta
Then Los again took the initiative. Crossing
the k9ps1an ociS5ur 10. he suddenly pushed
up ga AeGce's right flank. throste ming the
federal conmualcagiops Meade for a time
sc, nls 70 have been panic-strtckea as he w
contEefty tell back across o.. a~rpshan-
no-k as. thence rapidly rSirestsS-se C-nser-
vile. Leo pursuing closely. tbrisso- station,
IN TACT. A. a.. Halls CORPS actually cut % War
rem. with the second corps bu, IA the battle
that onsued warron wcrsted Hill. capturing
lye gus some co,ors and 400 or 800 ~ isoners
Withdrawing "a safety TO CcntcrvIe. This
movement Of Lees was another bag bluf with
in:,r.pr Lambers. ana made probably without
ala Intention OF engaging. aud he retired a.
qEl, aly Rs be had advanced 20 the south side
OF ~ EApVahzuno,k, where his troops be gan
10 ta..I winter nuts.
E...y in Nov, r!bcr. after repairing damages
M,5-., moved forward again. ON the 9Th tho
rect Ge:enses al Eappahannook station we're
csarrel bv Russell's division and carried He
caF'srea four guns seven flags. pontoon
bride. 2,ooa suia.l aims and l.Sco prisoners
o.e 81 the most brilliant exploits OF the war.
| ylai:aueousiy the troops II Wards division
dasa q across the river at Kelly's Ford. thres
m.c-- below. and drove Of the confedcrates.
Capturing 800 prisoners. Lee fell back 20 Cui-
! PEPPER that night and the next night beyond
tie Rapilan ITSELF. somewhat staggered BY
/ these cVcats.
O. n Meade. with gathering courage, crossed
the RApidan Gu the Esd aud soon developed
Lees army strongly intrenched behind Nine
run, facins east After threatening him sew
-raI days, but finding 1; impracticable 10 At
taca. the federal general recrossed and vent
INFO winter quarters around Culpeper. This
Was tie last important: military operation on
the Washington mont until May. 1894.
| THREE WARS OF FRUTTLrss BATTLES.
1.c VIZ had been in progress now three
year,; about a dozen great battles had been
fou-h: between the two principal Virgins
armies. in which alone the aggregate federal
losses IN killed and wounded were over n. 900;
nearly as many more had fallen in scores OF
lesser actions-all to no purpose for notwith-
standing the fact that perhaps equal losses had
been inflicted on the enemy, the situation Of
| the bclligerents IN Virginia remained substan-
TALLY the same as when the first battle OF Bull
run occurred. in 1861 The north had repealed
two invasions, but on this front il had accom-
plished little else. Its noble soldiers had
fought like heroes. pouring out thor blood like
water. bat an eKsspersting iuoapacity OF lead
ership had for three years rendered futile their
bravest efforts. Ii was a melancholy record
and the outlook was seemingly hopeless.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
REPRODUCED PERMISSION CoMPANYI

uttered. AS he turned to look for the on
, coming supports he struck in the head by
! Il sharpshooters bullet and died Instantly
| But his splendid troops rushed forward, clear
| ing the wood. capturing Gen. Archer and sew
eral huadred of his men. Gen. REYNOLDS
death was a great blow. but his ready de-
cision had determined the field of battle
This decided success was achieved at severe
loss. But Cutters lost ground was soon re-
covered. Lieut.. Col. Rufus Dawes with the
sixth Wisconsin of the Iron brigade. who was
in reserve. by bold and timely charge struck
Davis confederates in front and flank. as they
were pressing back Cutler. driving them into
| the railroad cut north of the Cashtown pike
where he captured the second Mississippi with
its colors. thus relieving Cutters line, which
was re-established
In less than half an hour Heth's advance
had been smashed up before it could be sup-
| ported, mostly BY single brigade Of the Union
army. But the battle OF the day was only
fairly opened. Heth's other brigades were
pushed rapidly into line on Willoughby run,
! supported by powerful batteries, and Pender's
DIVISION was now getting up. Doubledav,s
| second and third divisions also arrived de-
| ploying to right and left Of Wadsworth under
| heavy artillery fire. About noon the eleventh
| corps appeared and Gen. Howard assumed
command on the field Doubleday had ex
hibIted real ability in the earlier stages of the
! battle and remained COOL earnest and hopefnl
| throughout the day.
parioW anu ochurL DIVISION were placed
IN positi9n 10 Protec' Oouoleday's right from
iarse ooales OF cohledefates now known to be
coming from the northeast, while Stenwehr
| was deployed in reserve on Cemetery hill.
southeast of the town, which he immediateIy
s oeeu T ~ .or e wen nau ieit Heidlersburg
Gat,vsImrC, nr, Dsn-,m mas nov headed toward
1890; BILL On d,ia; rom Heth OF the
%. .l' az "a T n came down exactly
on 1nI naa y, Douoeoa! lines and his
on MS S az. Si4llg Ine ridSe soon com
p onou se ';9i "i'nor""si OF Cutler back to
'e Rnt ~ e, Sods.. ;r,,,.u
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

extreme. AMI daring the night of the ith he
succcs-ful.v Withdrew 10 the north bank Of tho
hsppahannock. ry Banks ford. The most pit
liable thing about this entire business was that
throughout the Ith. while SedywIcS was strug-
cling for existence. Hooker with 5000 iafan-
try. less h. l0--.s ~ go Of whom had scarcely
Erred gun ia tins battlel remained perfectly
PASSIVE IN the pr"-cuc" Of not more than Is. 900
OF Jark~1n's WORKOUT and maulcd troops.
Weak he from losses and overwhelm-
ingly ~trons a. Hooker relatively after
dl-posInC % edrvick Lee vigorously turned
AGAIN toward Hooker. seemingly coafid Mt OF
yet s.Tikin- him a fatal blow. But before he
couli complete dispositions for an attack
H0oNsr on the night OF the 5;h withdrew to
The north bank % the RtpPahannock
The CuICn losses Ia this baltic were as fol-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

Il.
and we're far from success: The losses had
been very severe on both sides and probably
not far from equal.
THE BATTLE OF THE THIRD.
The high ground secured by Longstreet
along the Emmitsburg road and the positions
close up to the Round Tops and Johnson's cap
ture of Williams entertainments encouraged
Lee to order an attack in concert on the morning
Of July by Longstreet and Ewell. Ewell had
reinforced Johnson during the night, and at
daylight he moved against the Union rear
Meanwhile Ruger and Geary had completed
their arrangements to retake their works. and
Johnson was met by heavy artillery fire and
the onset OF their infantry divisions 1t re-
suited III close contest. lasting four or five
hours. when johnson, completely worsted re-
tired back TO Rock creek. abandoning all the
ground gained. The twelfth corps had made q
good fight, supported by Shaler's and Whea-
toms brigades.
LonSstreet's proposed attack on Round Top
WAS never launched. Ewells last remaining
fresh division was whipped and permanently
put out OF the fight without q helping hand on
the other end of the line. The ease with which
Wright broke through Hancock's lines the
night before had turned Lees attention to that
point. He finally concluded to turn Lon gstreet's
effort against the Federal center along the west
front OF Cemetery Ridge, held by the second
corps Hays division on the right. Gibbons
In the center and Caldwell on tho left
with an angle between Gibbon and Caldwell
where Doubleday's division of the first corps
was placed, while Robinson supported Hays.
Picketts division Of fifteen Virginia regi-
ments IN three brigades. commanded by Brig
Gems. Garrett. Kemper and Armistead. with
Pettigrew's. late Heths, divisions we're selected
by Longstreet and Lee to lead this assault,
Pickett on the right, Pettigrew on the left, the
former supported by Wilcox's and Perry's
brigades and the latter by Scales and Lane g
brigades. Altogether there were probably
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

qnoteL Lat the easy victory at Frederick
burc hai completely restored the failing cour-
a. q IT. rank ard i.ic.
Lees military character il a psychological
-tuIy. observe tho DIR, renee after the lesson
OF AntIet.m between the Lee OF Frederick
burg where. with 5000 men. guided by cold
calculation. be hugced his breastworks and
Stone walls. no: even when Burnside was
lUT.sl back defeated and bleeding did he
venture 10 attack. AMI the Lee Of Chancellors-
wi q. with $1,000 fewer men. boldly sallyinS
fo-th against Hook r and considerably larger
:1rce than BIru,il. mustered. Il is obvious
that both his own and the temper OF his army
49, vastly improved.
There was az times a rccklessncss about Lee
hard t. coI4pr, bend. unless lie WAS endowed
with intuition and foresight amounting to
more than ,enIus. The dangerous scattering
OF his army IN the Maryland campaign has been
alluded O.. Va that based ON a belief in luck
or ON an able estimate OF his opponents char
Actert Again. Ills rHsneuyors - Ch@accllors-
vile were characterized by deyil-may-care
heeiltssncss O! all the rules of var bordering
on desperation Dividing his army. he gave
battle with the isolated halves to twice his
numbers concentrated between them, with
-tlil another formidable force operating
toward h.s line OF comm Iaic..tious.
Winning victories almost without effort
unler such circumstances who can wonder
that Lee was encouraged to essay greater
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

Ewell did not follow Lees suggestion and at
tack the new federal positions it was too formid-
able. Rodes division much used up, occu-
pied the town, whore it renamed during oil the
subsequent operations. Hills two shattered
divisions were Withdrawn to Seminary Ridge
for rest and repairs. Late in the evening
Johnson's division joined Ewel and Anderson
came to Hill. Longstreet with McLaws and
Hood was camped that night at Marsh creek.
They arrived next morning. forming on Hills
right. Pickett did not arrive from Chambers
burg until night.
Gen. Sickles with the third corps had estab-
lished himself on some high ground along the
Emmittsburg road, on the Union left, forming
a sort OF salient, projecting half mile to the
front. Gen. Lee on the I'd quickly Sc
lected this as his point OF attack. tougstreet
formed Hoods and Mclaws' divisions for this
purpose; Hood well around on Sickles' south
ern flank. with orders to attack up the En-
Inittsburg road, although, perceiving its i'm
portance, he suggested an advance on Round
Top. which was then undefended; McLaws was
to strike Sickles square in front, and both to
attack early i'll the morning. But Longstreet
was not ready until p. m. by which time ali
the federal corps had arrived-a hardness for
which he is greatly criticised BY the confederate
inquest in session since the war to determine
the causes Of Lees defeat
The attack was introduced by strong artil-
lery fire on all parts Of the Union lines Then
Hood advanced. sending Law against Round
Top on his own responsibility; with his other
brisades he moved against S:ckles' left. he
was repulsed in his first attempts, but soon
pressed on again. McLaws now advancing
against the federal front. After some desperate
fighting these concerted sustained attacks
drove Sickles' lines back. he being wounded.
and nearly broke up Birney's division, but not
before it had inflicted and sustained heavy
losses. Hood and McLaws gained considerable
ground, but heavy Union reinforcements at
last repulsed them before any vital part Of the
line was penetrated
DarEx BACK ynon souxD TOR.
Meantime Waxrsn. ehisf Of euxineeus ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

antly compelled to retire his sturdy but worn
command to Cemetery Hill.
Without doubt this was the greatest six
hours battle or the war, numbers and other
circumstances considered. 1t was fought in
the open neither side protected by breast
works; both lines Of infantry were advancing
when the collision occurred. The first corps
fought with no other protection than the
flannel biouses that covered their stout hearts "
Largely outnumbered. for hours they stood up
to the murderous work without flinching. YET
Gen Howard told Hancock when he came upon
the field that "Doubleday's men" had broken.
He probably meant his own. but in the excite
ment Of battle used the wrong name
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

by Meade to observe the situation on the ex-
treme left while Longstreet's attack was pend
ing, detected the intended attack on Round
Top. and energetically brought up to the sum-
NIT in its defense Weeds and Nincent's bri-
gades of the fifth corps, just arriving and Hnz-
let's battery. These forces arrived just in
time to repel. after A bloody hand to hand con-
flict among the rocks and glens. Laws confed-
crates climbing its western slopes. The heroic
Gems. Weed and Vincen. and Lieut. Hazlett
were killed i'll this encounter, one Of the mosi
remarkable of the war.
During the afternoon part OF Anderson 3
division achieved some successes in front of
Hancock's position, which had been greatly
Weakened by sending treeps to Sickes.
Wrights brigade actually bHaking through
and getting posse sion of sonfS guns but he
was speedily driven back and the guns
recovered.
While these deadly struggles we're in pro-
gress, away around on the confederate lefs
Ewell tried his hand again Opening with n
heavy artillery fire, which had no effect, and
was in fact sienced. he projected Johnson's
division against the Union right TO the south
OF Culp's Hill Here too. the line had been
practically abandoned by the withdrawal OF
Gen. Williams twelfth corps TO support
SickLss and Just at dusk johnson had pene-
trated into and held their line of cntrench-
ments, threatening the Union rear and line of
communications along the baltimore pike. but
1t was SO dark johnson could not see to profit
by his luck. Kuger's and Geary's divisions
returned soon afterward, securing the line of
the pike, making preparations to attack and
drive out johnson at daylight.
Early attacked the east front OF Cemetery
Hill simultaneously with Johnson's advance
1t was Temporarily successful. breaking the
first line of infantry and capturing some guns.
but Hancock sent over Carrolls brigade.
which speedily sent Early's men flying down
the slopes again. re-establishing the lines and
recovering the battery. This ended the fight
ing Of the second day. whiSh through bad
tactics on the left had been somewhat unfavor-
able to the Union arms though the con-
federates had achieved no serious advantages
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

armies-into the heart Of Virginia again.
Crossing the Blue Ridge he eventually fsn IN
behind the Rappahannock.
The federal army rscrosssd the Potomac
lower down and pursued . parallel line est Of
the Blue Ridge. An stssmps vas made 70 cut
Lee Oh through Manaasas Gap. but II failed
About the last Of July We and Gen. Meads In
position along the north bank Of The Kappa
hammock Early In September Lee detached
Longstreet's corps 10 the assistanos Of Bragg
a. the vest, and With his dspletsd force drew
back safsly bshind The Rapidan- Assds -
once erosssd TIE Rappahaaneek end pushed
tve serps dsvs 70 ~ Aaot1aa. Sssllng Ter -
$1,000 - aH>nnk
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
Total.

There ore manifest errors in Guilds report,
which Ia very unsatisfactory one in several
respects. 1t does not correspond with many
Of the field returns. Some Of the commands
are not reported AL seem to be reported in
q haphazard way and show discrepancies The
War Department archives bear the names Of
IL, 227 wounded and unwounded prisoners car
tured at Gettysburg; 6.S02 OF these were
wounded A careful study Of these figures in
comparison with the reports OF brigade COM
msnders leads to the inevitable conclusion that
Lees loss must have been between Is 600 and
$4,000, Of whom at least II, 900 we're killed and
wounded
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
PoSTOoS BOAT.

The cavalry corps was given TO Gen. p. II.
Sheridan. who came from the wcst The writer,
who was a soldier of the old first corps. which
had performed 50 eloriously at Gettysburg. 10
Of opinion that this consolidation OF the firss
and third corps out OF existence injured the
efficiency OF the army TO the extent that il de-
stroyed the soldierly pride of the men in those
splendid organizations. Their depleted ranks
should have been filed up with recruits and
new regiments Going into the other corps.
the men felt that they had lost their identity,
and they partly lost heart in consequence.
May /. 1864, the official returns found AZ
pages l95-9I5, part ], volume Sc, Of the war
records. showed the fighting strength OF this
army, present for duty, TO be lis. sos men,
which excludes engineers, Quartermasters' en-
ploy.e Ac as folloys;
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

became satisfied the whole rebel army con-
verginS on Gettysburg, and so notified Rey-
nolds. He naturally expected fight next
morning.
THE BATTLE OF JULY 1.
As Bufocd anticipated, Hcth advanced at 5
a. m. July 1. followed closely by Pender's
division, soon encountering the federal troop
ers. Archer's and Davis brigades were de-
ploycd on the right and left of the Cashtown
pike, quickly driving in the federal skirmishers
on the main line well posted on the second ridge
mile west of Gettysburg. Heth had orders not
to bring on a general battle until the rest of
| the confederate army was in reach, and hence
probably did not press hard. Buford's cavalry
made n magnificent fight holding the enemy
in check about two hours, when help came.
and never was help moro timely and more
efficient.
Early appraised of the confederate approach.
Reynolds, with Wadsworth's division, moved
along the Emmittsburg pike from Marsh
creek, sending orders for Howard's eleventh
/ corps and Doubleday with the balance of the
first to follow i'll the direction of Gettysburg.
| Soon the din of Buford's battle became audi
BILE; gGlloping forward and joining Duford,
| Reynolds made rapid examination of the
field and found the situation to be critical.
Directing Buford to hold on to the last, and
remarking that he would bring up his entire
three corps to this field. Reynolds rode back to
hurry up his leading DIVISION. Meeting Wdu5-
woTth's troops they were headed across the
fields toward the high ground near Willoughby
run. between the llagerstown and Cashtown
roads. Swinging into line south of the Cash
town road. facing west. Gen. Cutters brigade
OH the right. the Iron brigade on the left, the
cavalry relieved But before Cutler had
| fairly got into line he was struck on the right
flank by Davis brigade, doubled up and forced
back.
GEN. REYNOLDS DEATH.
The Iron brigade, lead by the second Wis
consn. at the same time pushed for McPher-
sons wooded ridge, an important point, as the
confederate Archer's brigade was entering it
on the opposite side. Gen. Reynolds rode up
to the second from the right; ordering it to
advance at double quick. he joined in the
charge, exclaiming Forward. men. forward!
for Gods sake, and drive those fellows ont of
| the woods" probably the last words he ever
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
Total
Total
70,4A

2othA .-..-.----------. fofto7
Confederate writer's generally place the hg.
ures considerably under the foregoing. Bat
very little reliance can be placed Ia the south
ern unofficial statements Of the strength and
loss Of their armies, based on memory and
hearsay. Union estimates Of Lees strength
vary. Bsdeau places 10 at $751; Gen HUM
phreys In his account OF this campaign, proves
that Lee had not less than 81, s5a The only
question is about the number Of men who came
with Longstreet and otherA think Badeau's
estimate Of Lees aggregate perhaps too high,
but not far from the actual figure. and Hum
phreys himself thought his own too lov.
Humphreys contents himself with counting
Longstreet's corps, Of which The latest return
on ale was March 81, ~ 10000 Badssu says
lA00Q
I think its strength vas 81 least 1900,
because after the date Of the return quoted y
was considerably recruited and he certainly
brought with him from Tennessee Law's Ala
bama brigade, not included In Humphrsys'
estimate. In tongstrses's return Of March "a
his divisions average les than 5000 men,
whereas those Of Hi and Evsll. twenty dayu
later, officially average over $500 And no
doubt even after April 70 Hill and Evsu we're
considerably strengthcned Every efTors vss
being made 70 increase the effective strength
Of the Army Of Northern Virginia, becauss Lee
knew the death ersppis Of the var - In
pending. June 20, after al fss loses = -
Gildsrnso and 81 sposssylvania, Loaesersss's
corps vs. reported II, l5s strong. L : .ossiiy
oorSaan that Longstrsss marshaled nos 10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

SHORT RESUME OF
military operation
In the east following
the Pennsylvania cam
paign will be necessary
for . proper under
standing Of subssquen,
evenh Lee, after
Gettysburg, recrossed
the Potomac a Failing
Waters and wnliams-
port and retresssd up
the Shenandoah valley
ever the pathway of