Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-12-31

/ tN'oi ocNtScs IlAHASu bS tHe 3,UUV women IN
! ventors whose names are recorded by
Uncle Sam. In this connection due attention
should be given to the claim made the other
day by of the ladies connected with
the management Of the worlds fair, who er-
| pressed belief that nearly all known inven-
lions we're actually due to women, who had
suggested the ideas to their husbands and
! brothers.
SERIES OF DISPLAYS.
| The display of the patent Office will be ar
ranged in series. For example, one series will
illustrate the development Of the sewing ma
chine from its beginning. The very earliest
one is lost, having been stroyed by the fire of
| 1856, which wiped out all of the records and a
| great many models in the patent Office. Accord
hgy, the first continuance shown in this class
VIII be the second one patented in the United
States. i'll 1912. by j. J. Greenough. 1t carried
| the cloth along automatically. having q needle
| with hole in the middle which passed back and
forth through the fabric somewhat after the man
ner Of an old-fashoned needle. Next in order
comes the first practical sewing machine, pat
| en:ed In 1916 by Elias Howe. Its needle had
| the eye in the point and was operated with two
| threads from spools. On a card attac hed to it
Is scrap Of poetry, in which the machine is
| made to say:
| Mine are snews snperhuman,
Ribs of brass and nerves Of steel.
| i2in the iron needlewornan,
Born to toll and not to feel"
LNOTt lOU St"lIlR machines VIII De eXllD-
tied in this series marking every step in the i'm
provement and development of the mechanical
I wonder.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STEAM ENGINE
One OF the most interesting series will be
that showing the development of the steam en-
CINE. At the beginning of this class will be a
reproduction Of the famous Hero steam engine,
which was exhibited in $50 d. C., at the Sera-
peum. Alexandria. Though hardly more than
toy, j: perfectly illustrated the principle of
the modern steam engine. having a boiler that
generated steam, which caused hollow metal
ball to revolve. The steam. passing from the
boiler into the ball. which was Suspended be-
tween two pivots. escaped from the ball by two
little spouts turning opposite ways IN such
manner as TO occasion a rotary motion. In the
sans group will be exhibited all the types of
locomotives from Stephenson's Rocket to a
Gold-plated model OF the newest Baldwin COM
pound engine, contributed by the Baldwin
company in Philadelphia. Some of the models
OF otd-stvle locomotives are very odd and gro
| tesque. The collection will be helped out by
models from the National Museum.
TEXTILE MACHINERY.
All the models in the group illustrating the
development Of textile machineryhave been sup
piled by the patent Office unaided BY contribu-
tons. Those required for representing the
earliest types of implements for spinning have
been specially constructed for the purpose. The
series begins with the primitive distaff and
spindle accompanied by the Indian spinning
wheel. which is almost prehistoric. Next comes
a copy on small scale of Hargreaves' spinning
jenny. which was the first continuance
capable of spinning several threads at the same
time, being in fact the original type
Of modern spinning machines. 1t will
be remembered that James Hargreaves,
himself spinner by trade. was perse-
cuted By his fellow workmen on account Of his
! ivva hapo a.. "a
destroy their industry. inasnuch as it could
perform tho labor Of many men. The ipgeni-
GUS mechanic was driven from his native town.
and his machines were broken to pieces by the
mob. Lord Byron spoke in parliament in be-
half of the workingmen's side of this question.
The introduction Of the Arkwright roller-spin-
ming machine was opposed on the same grounds
with equal bitterness. Following these early
devices will be shown the modern ring-spin-
ming machines and the spinning mules which
spin 200 gossamer-like threads at once, the
breaking of a single thread stopping the
mechanism. owing to its extreme delicacv
Some Of these models are made up of more than
5000 parts. They have all been taken apart,
cleaned and put together in working order.
Machines for combing and carding wool are in
cluded in the same group, beginning with the
primitive hand tools and coming down to the
most complete modern patterns. Weaving and
knitting machines are similarly displayed and
looms also, beginning with the ancient Egyp-
| tian and Roman looms. which were hardly more
than frames for holding threads, being not ma
terially different from the looms used today in
Persia and Asia Minor for making oriental rugs.
THE AIT OF PRINTING.
Grea. inventions have commonly been re-
ceived with tho same sort Of opposition that
Hargreaves and Arkwright met with. The dis
covery Of printing was regarded as a lamentable
catastrophe by the scribes of the thirteenth
century. who made their living by copying
| books and documents, such being the only
method OF multiplying literature known up to
! that day. The series illustrating the progress
/ OF the art of printing will include the actual
| Gutenberg press and the original Franklin
| press. followed by complete series of presses
down to the patterns in use today. The Hoe
Company is making the exhibit q working
model. to cost $1,000. of the latest perfecting
press, which folds, pastes and does everything
short of delivering the papers to subscribers.
| 1t is unfortunate that q model is not obtain
| able OF the steamboat which Deuys Papin
launched on the river Seine in the seventeenth
century. anticipating Fulton's discovery. The
bargemen smashed the little craft to pieces,
considering that it would damage their bust
! ness. However, the exhibit will include the
original model of the first screw propeller that
drove a vessel across the Atlantic, invented by
Ericsson in 1s4s. 1t is q double propeller. hav-
ing two screws on tho same shaft The primary
idea Of the propeller was something in the shape
| OF a windmill, and in fact the modern screw for
ships in nothing more nor less than modifica-
ton Of the windmill adapted to water. All
types Of propellers and paddle wheels down to
date will be shown we'll az the development
of the apparatus for steering by machine.
| GUN MAKING.
The series showing the progress of gun max
ing will begin with the Chinese wooden cannon,
which represents the most primitive type
known. 1t is composed Of two long pieces Of
heavy wood. both Rrooved, which are bound
together with stout iron hoops in such a manner
as to form tube The earliest hand gun be-
longs to the thirteenth century and looks like
q Roman candle. II was both loaded and
lighted at the muzzle. The "hand culverin, -
an iron tube set in . wooden shoulder piece,
was first employed in the fourteenth century.