davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02

in grants of fee simple title, and
are translated, "heirs and assigns.
In the confrmatory Act passed by
the Legislature, however, the reserv-
alton was made to the King, his
"heirs and successors"
The lands thus reserved by Ka-
mehameha III. were treated by
him and by Kamehameha " as
private property. They were leased,
sold and disposed of generally,
solely according to the royal viii
and pleasure. At the death of
Kamehameha III. they passed to
Kamehameha ". by will, the
latter being the Kings tesla
mentary heir and successor
to the throne. No question,
therefore, as to the nature
of the royal title could arise at
that time, and none did actually
arise until the death of Kameha-
meha ". in 1863.
Kamehameha V. was not the
sole heir of his brother, and this
circumstance raised at once the
CROWN LANDS QUESTION. Were
these lands the property of the
monarch passing by the ordinary
rules of descent to the legal heir or
heirs, or were they limited to the
successors to the throne a? Kane
hameha ", who was not over-rich,
was naturally very much interested
in having the question answered
in the latter sense.
The matter went to the Supreme
Court, and they decided in the
famous case of the Estate of Kane
hameha ". that the limitation
under the original grant was to the
heirs and successors to the throne.
The lands were intended as royal
domain to maintain the dignity OF
the Throne of Hawaii. They gave,
however, dover to Queen Emma
and left each monarch full power
to use and dispose of the lands as
his private property.
The decision was really a com
promise between the different
claimants, and probably satisfied
none of them, though it was a vic
tory for Kamehameha V. so far as
the main issue was concerned.
In the following year, 1866, the
Legislature assumed an authority
in the matter, and passed a statute
which created the Crown Lands
Commission, Invested the sovereign
of his legal estate, making him a
beneficiary merely, provided that
the lands should be inalienable,
and limited the term of leaseholds
to thirty years. The Act also di-
verted large portion of the income
to the payment of the late kings
debts.
The Act of 1865 revolutionized
the nature of the Crown Lands
considered as a legal estate. It
created the interest which every
Hawaiian ruler since Kamehameha
", including of course the present
sovereign, possesses in the Crown
Lands. Since 1865 a large num-
Der of Acts have been passed by
the Legislature dealing with this
subject, which need not be re-
hearsed in detail here. For exam
pie, the Legislature has authorized
the Commissioners to grant lands
in fee, to compromise a claim, and
to reserve income for the payment
of debts.
Such is a brief sketch of the his
tory of the Crown Lands; the legal
aspect of the facts will be con-
sidered later. In the meantime we
commend the attention of our read
ers to a valuable little pamphlet
by Prof. Alexander, revision Of
which appears in Thrum's Annual
for 1891, and which gives a very
concise history of Hawaiian land
tenures.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02
WHAT ARE THE CROWN LANDS?

The old Hawaiian Land Tenure
resembled strongly the feudal sys-
tenn. The real owner of the fee
was the King, who was lord para
mount. But the chiefs, and the
tenants, the men who actually
cultivated the soil, also had rights
which were as real as those of the
sovereign. When Kamehameha I.
conquered the group, he followed
the usual custom in such cases,
and apportioned out the lands
among his chiefs, retaining some to
be cultivated by his own retainers.
When, under Kamehameha I'LL,
the forms of European law and
administration were introduced-a
process which was necessarily very
gradual-one Of TIE principle needs
was found to be the settlement of
land tenures, and the ascertaining
and fixing definitely the extent of
the several interests in land. The
recognition of this necessity led to
the establishment in 1916, of the
celebrated Land Commission. All
claims to land were required to
be proved before this Commission,
and on the basis of it's awards,
Royal Patents were issued, which
granted fee simple title, after the
communication had been paid to the
Government for it's interest. The
principle of division followed was,
one-third to the King, one-third to
the chiefs and .one-third to the
tenants, which means that the
rights of the three parties in inter
est were considered to bear that
proportion to each other. This
process, by which the rights of
King, chiefs and people in the
lands of the kingdom were fixed
and separated, is called the Mahele,
or great division.
The lands reserved in this divi-
sion by the King were not, how
ever, considered as his own private
property. Under the old absolutist
system, in which the King was
the government, they would of
course have belonged to him alone,
but the introduction of constitu-
tional forms had changed all this,
separating the ideas of King and
government, and both of these
branches of the supreme power
were held to have an interest in
these lands. In 1840 therefore the
King executed 4 deed by which he
made over to the government the
lions share OF the royal domain,
reserving to himself certain enum-
Grated lands. In June of the same
year the Legislature passed an Act
confirming both the grant and
the reservation. The words in
the Kings original deed, ''hope and
hooilina," are those ordinarily used
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02
Yours Truly,
I. MIGHT -

This is Mr.. Nights second
rattle at the Aermotor. He
buys a geared mill only after
giving the pumping Aermotor
a very careful test. If the
mills will work satisfactorily
at Mahukona they will any
where.
With a loft. geared Aer-
motor you can run your corn
mills-with a 12-foot geared
mill you can run your rice
mill and save a bushel of
money every season. With
an S-foot mill you can irrigate
your banana, pine apple or
taro beds and increase your
business 200 per cent.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02
n9 NEW GOODS TO THE
PACIFIC HARDWARE Co., Id.

Picture Mouldings. A new lot of
Mouldings of the latest patterns
direct from the factory ex "Mari-
posa." If you want picture framed
in the latest style call on the under
signed.
The fact that the VACUUM OILS will
save more than their cost over any
other oils is an established fact. The
United States Navy have made this
the STANDARD. As also some of
the largest manufactures of machin-
cry in England.
Reliable Goods at reasonable
prices at the
PACIFIC HARDWARE CO.,
Fort STREET.
2SS9.1 SS3b
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02

fIB~All transient advertisements and SUBJ
scriptions must be prepaid.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02

olo AlOI AANSAAIlOlidAAS
deceive you in giving the
weather probabilities last
week-we were mislead by
using a back number almanac.
The dry weather begins to-
day unless we are again de
ceived.
Three Aermotors went out
of the store last week ; two of
them to people who had
bought from US last year and,
being satisfied with their bar
gain, want more. The other
customer is just beginning to
irrlgate his fruit plantation
and he selects the Aermotor
as the best medium. While
our prophecy may have cause
Ell you to go down town last
week without your umbrella
the changeable weather in no
way interfered with the sale of
the greatest wind motor,
(which is the Aermotor) on
earth.
During 1891 there we're
2o,o4o Aermotors sold in the
United States. During the
current year it is expected
that three times that number
will be added to those sold in
previous years. Just fancy!
10000 new wheels erected for
the purpose of making life
easier for the man who has
stock or lands. 10000 people
who have been convinced that
there is only one mill in
existence and that the Aer-
motor. How many will be
convinced here that there is
no other mill suitable for use
on these Islands?
We quote from letter re-
ceived from purchaser on
Hawaii:
"Your Aermotor worked
though the last big storm all
right. 1t pumps 400 gallons
of water per day, through a
halfinch pipe, an eighth of a
mile, and a thousand gallons
of water through an inch pipe
500 feet, SO feet above the
pump. | find it advisable to
oil the Aermotor every day.
When the wind blows over
20 miles an hour we shut it
half off although it has been
left running when the wind
was blowing at a greater
velocity. In light winds it
runs moderately fast, pump
ing as above-when a Union
windmill that we have will not
turn around. In heavy winds
it runs more regularly than
any mill | have ever seen.
Further, your guarantee that
the pumping Aermotor would
do more in a wind that would
not turn around the old mill,
than the old I4-foot wooden
mill would do under the most
favorable circumstances has
been carried out. | would say
in conclusion that you cannot
expect a windmill to run with
out oil any more than you can
a wagon, and if an Aermotor
is properly put up and proper
ly cared for, | believe that it
will give a better return for
the money invested than any
piece of machinery on the
market. The geared Aer-
motor which | desire you to
send me will replace wood
en- mill that has been in use
less than a year.
Yours Truly,
c. L. WIGHT"
This is Mr.. Nights second
rattle at the Aermotor. He
buys a geared mill only after
giving the pumping Aermotor
a very careful test. If the
mills will work satisfactorily
at Mahukona they will any
where.
With loft. geared Aer-
motor you can run your corn
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02
VITAL STATISTICS.
MOrtuary Report for the Month of
March, 1892.

The total number of deaths reported for
the month of February was Al, distributed
as follows:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-04-02
Hawaiian Hardware Co., Id.

Monday, Mar. 90, 1899.
The ae'eather for the next fesg
months is likely to be dry.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
i.,. N.,,.. m. IN. stage.

"The art % making love on the stage
IL one that few actors acquire, said an
old The-piAn. "a woman naturally
clings 20 q man with grace. graspins hi.
arm with cleverly implied passion or
tenderiy ne-tling on his bosom. But q
man doesn't get on 30 the sstheticism OF
the thing with the same ease and grace.
Harry Lacy was . dream of lover.
though. lie hal q trick of weaving hi.
arms about q woman with q sinuous. se-
ductive movement thA, brought little
lump into the throat u every woman In
the audience. lie always preferred ap-
preaching q woman from behind and
then drawing her back into arms that
SEEMED made for that purpose. Hsn
isn't bal lover by any means. Ask the
~. Louis girls u they don't think he
make. very fsw false moves.
"funny thing. while on this topic.
but you know when barrymore Wa
supporting Lsngtry they hated each
other worse than poison. lie declares
she would put pins In her bodice 10 stick
him. and they kept up regular quarrel
the whole time they were billing and
cooing and embracing In most ardent
fashion. Don't hold me ~ tight. sir;
you have evidently never had your
arms around . lady Langtry would
cay In whisper. III You knew how
thoroughly distastsful this IL 10 me you
would never accuse me IL getting near
you.' he would reply. Do people ever
make love on the stage' Not that
know Of, It Is all purely business.
~. Louis Republic.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
A x..A,.. 10, s,n,.s A.s..

A machine has been invented which
separates ashes from boiler fires int
three portions. Unburnei fuel. Gale,
brecre OF cinier-. which can BE- miIed
with coal and burned over again. OF fol
blacksmith.' fires, being the finest ms
teriAi procurable; fine dust, useful fol
builders In place of sand; clinkers. use
ful for roadmaking. paths, etc.
The machine consists % tank OF com
partment kept full of water. The Ashe'
or breeze 20 bs cleansed rest on q graf
ing. which u covered by hne perforated
copper plate. A free passage Of water
II allowed. and at the same time the
breeze OF fuel is prevented from falling
The separation Il effected by an Agi'
tator worked by crank shaft. AZ each
downward plunge of the agi'a,or ths
water is forced upward through the pr
forated copper bottom. causing the ma
tsriai to rise. The rubbish. owing to II,
greater specific gravity. IL prccipitat.si
20 the bottom on the return stroke. ai
the same time the breeze, or unburn~i
fuel. being lighter. works 20 the surface,
Al each stroke of the crank body Of
water and quantity Of clean breers Is
carried To = plate. which l. also pr.
forated. 80 A. 10 allow the water 10 fall
into the machine and thence through a
valve % be used over again, and ths
clean breeze Il swept 10y revolving
brush over Q ledge. The clinker &C
cumulat.- on the perforated copper
plate. and from time 10 time Il allowed
10 e.cap. by valve In the body of the
machine. whence II u RAISED by an ele-
yaior and discharged. Pittsburg Dis
match.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
Ins DAIRY INDUSTRY.

The ialry Industry L. of such q nature
that fc~ people eau realize lts magnitude
until their attention IL especially called
to Il. lyet us compare whest-gro~tng
Nth butter-maklng. In enumerating
the provisions for q family. = barrel of
ao,.r per annum for each individual IL q
fair allowance. About i've bushels of
wheat are required for this barrel OF
rour, worth little over et.uo at prs.
ent prices, or say 500 Tor the barrel o'
-four. The butter allowance for fami.
ly I. about one pound per individual
member for each week, or say MY lbs.
per year. Al twenty cents per pound
hi. 4. 5000. or at twenty-five cents,
about the average price for good butter
N i. si3.5O. Taking the smaller Of thess
two sums, we have the cos of the but
ter consumed by our people ~ full,
twice the cost Of the wheat. hut In ad.
ditIon To butter there is the cheese and
especially the milk, the value of the lat
ter amounting to an enormus sum In the
aggregate. without the figures u y
doubtful u Il would be conceded that
dairy products cost the people OF our
country two or three times a. much III
the wheat they consume.
IL IL probable that no improvements
I'm the manufacture ~ -four will mate.
rally increase it use. Enormous ~ u
the con.umdtion Of dairy products, th'
limit IL by no means vet reached. 1h'
general adoption of the creamery system
through the West IL substituting . GOOD
product for . poor one, and an eve'
widening circle Of consumers are learn
ing the taste Of good butter. For year
pa.t the CRY has been heard la the north
~e.t that dairying would be overdone
and vet the prices for creamery butter
have held up the best of any agriculture
product, all things considered. A mar
k-t can longer stand . rise In quaiit,
than q mere Increase Of receipts, an'
the change In the butter market has beer
largely In the direction Of superior
product rather than mere gross output
slowly the sale Of cream and milk In tn
cities Il coming under better manage
ment, aud better quality 10 being plae
ed before the consumers. Great chang
"a for the better are sure to come In TILL
most inviting field, and With the chang
es will come . lafkely Increased con
.umotIou
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27

A phaian1 In the military Affairs OF
Greece was a square battalion or body
Of soldiers formed In ranks and files
compact AMI deep with their shields
Joined and pixies crossing each other %
a. 10 render IL almost impossible %
break Il. At first the phaianr consisted
Of 1000 men. but this number was after
ward doubled by Philip Of MAcedon.
and the double phalanx IL hence often
called the Macedonian phalanI. Poly
bius describes II thus:
1T was . square Of pikemen. consist.
ing OF sixteen In flank and 800 In front.
The soldiers stood 20 close together that
the pixies Of the fifth rank extended
three feet beyond the front The r-t,
whose pixies were not ssryiceabls owing
10 their distance from the front. couched
them upon the shoulders Of those who
stood before them. and - locking them
together In nle pressed forward 10 sup
port and push on the former rank. BY
which means the asssult was rendered
more violent and irresistible" The
spears Of thoss behind also stopped tbs
missiles Of the enemy. Each mans pike
was twenty.three feet long. The word
phalAnx u also used for any combinA'
ton Of people distinguished for solidity
and hrnne.s. A grand phalanI CONSIST
ed Of 10, ,ssa men.-Drooklyn Eagle.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27

inere was no time 20 bury the dead
and we hal no wounded. We hurried
10 meet Brown and the men who had
come 90 our rescue.
A we rode along ! told Lin Moore
how Min had b-friended ms. and that
without her assistance our success would
have been far from complete
~ ought to'vs married fifteen or
twenty yeah agone II "a been sot that
way said Lin, hut I wasn't. and I
reckon ia nsyah thought of sicn thing
ef Min hadn't growcd mp 20 kind and
purity aud 90 different frOm most gal.
I've seed. Shes one of them as'll wash
without losin color. And now thai
Hugh McNsil's gone she and neil hitch
the sooner"
In reply 10 my question a. 20 what the
girl would do In the meantime, the guide
aid that she would BE- sure to make her
way to jasper. nigh % which" some of
her mothers kin lived.
Just seventeen months after this. when
scouting In the same country, found
that Min had done a. the guide said. l
also found that Lin had marri~i her and
that she had q baby. But Mrs. Moore
was widow. her husband having been
killed q few months befor. In the al.
vance % Ro~ecranr through wills val.
ley beyond the Tenne-ses.
TIE rSp.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
Deg. rh., Hath. R.s.i.,iy.

II Is only the petted and pampervi ca
nine- who have such dreai of the surf.
The democratic curs of the town and tho
sensible old house dogs who have livei
here long enough 10 feel thoroughly ~
home and who feel equal 10 the task u
looking out for themselves under any
and all circumstances are Of an en-.
tirely different frame of mind. 40 far a.
that Il concerned. Plenty u them 20 In
for their daily swim a. regularly and AZ
unconcernealy a. the most enthusiastic
and invetsrate bathers the town con.
tains. and plenty more walt only for the
bare-t invitation 20 30 plunging In after
stick or ball. 30 bring 10 out On tho
strand. triumphant at the victory over
the watsry element - Philadelphia
Times.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
Odd s,smps .i,h nigh vsias&

Many stamps attain fictitious value
on account Of some accident In their
printing or publication. The story IL
told that on one occasion number of
stamps were sent into Wales without the
customary perforAtion. They were Il
the penny brick variety. common enough
In all conscience. but II IA said because the
$40 Of them which composed the prired
pounds worth were the only specimens
ever sent out In such manner they are
now worth two pounds each. and tho
same queer enthusiasm exists In France,
where the stamps used In connection
with the balloon post OF the great war
Of 1910 are considered worth their weight
In gold.-Million.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
GsssrVoomts lien.

I'VE are going TO have pis for din.
ner.- said Bobby 10 the minister.
"indeedr" laughed the clergyman.
amused ct the little boys artlessness;
"and what kind OF pie, Bobbyr
"lt's q new Kind. Ma was talking
this morning about pa bringing ycu TO
dinner 20 often. and IA aid he didn't
care what abe thought, and ma said she'd
make him eat humble pie before the day
was over, an supposs we're goin TO
have Il for dinner. er.--Texas Stftings.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
stv.sss AppIisatioas.

The salvation Army has In London .
bureau Of information, where Ladies
may obtain servants and thoss In need
Of employment hnd work. II has been
extraordinarily successful. During the
hrst year 1900 employers found serv'
ants, and thousand girls applied for
work.
Strange applications come to the ONCE.
One lady recommended her departing
servant ~ "clean. tidy. honest. sober.
truthful and good worker" Wonder
ing why maid and mistress should part
under thess conditions, the bureau found
that Q terribly bad temper was the cause
Of separation.
"But. strangely enough" said the
chief. ut happened that lady had Just
applied TO IN for servant with . bad
temper. believing that such girls make
the cleansst hsndmaids. 30 that We ars
able TO meet every requiremsnt"-
Youths Companion.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1892-09-27
s,ooY's eAp nABIr CURED.

A few weeks ago farmer John Dayton
of Jackson township, Pa, had four sit-
ting hen. come OF With broods of chick
ems on the same day. There were forty
.lx chickens In ali, and Farmer Dayton
gave them all to one hen, aud turned the
other cluckers Into the general nock.
The hen aud her large family we're plAc-
ed In big coop With q wooden door
and slats In front, and At night board
Vas propped up agains, the Stats 10 keep
small animals out. One night, when the
chicken. were le.s than . fortnight old,
some mlnks burrowed under the coop,
cra~ led through knot hole In the door,
Killed every one Of the chickens, aud bit
the old hen on the neck so that she has
had to carry her bill on her breast ever
since.
Farmer Dayton had another hen that
wanted to sit all the time, and be thought
he would see II he couldn't break her of
the habit by using her as bait With which
10 catch the destructive mlnks. 10 he
built long box trap, q foot and
half high. and In the rear end of u he
psriiiioned OF q space for the hen by
fastening upright wires close together
the whole width Of the trap. 4 mink
could walk under the raised Id and take
a look at the Gagged hen, Tut u couldn't
get at her. and, as soon a. u began To
no.e along the wires, II MAS bound To
.tep on the spring and get shut In.
That night Farmer Dayton set the trap
and put the old hen into the cage. piac-
Ing Il near where the chickens had been
Killed. Before bedtime the hen set up =
loud .quaw king, and the farmer found
the I'D down. lie poked the front end
Of the trap Into the watering trough and
held II there q spell. and when be raised
the ia there Law drowned mink. The
old hen Was all Of q nutter, but she had
Ia stay there, and In the morning an
other mlnk Was In the trap. Then Farm
er DAYTON let the hen out, and, after she
had got some breakfast she trotted on
Ia her nest and sat on u till after dark,
when the farmer pulled her OF aud put
her iuto the cage. Every night Tor q
week mink scented out the live bait
aud got caught, and every morning the
hen sought her eggless nest and kept u
all day long. She wasn't getting over
her habit worth q snap, the farmer
thought, but he said he had hopes that
| she would In time.
One morning Farmer Dayton heard
the old hen squawking long before day
break. lie took another nap, but when
he awoke she Was still squawking. By
aud by she stopped her nolse, and then he
vent out and saw that the trap MAS cIos-
ell. lie stuck the front end Into the trough
AZ usual aud when he opened it he
couldn't believe hls eyes for . moment.
Instead of the drowned mink that he ex.
pected to see, there lay the limp and
iifele.s bodies Of an old she skunk and
four pretty little skunk kittens about
month old. On the other slde OF the
wire. the old hen WAS bleeding and shs
was kicking her last. The mother skuni
had poked her peaked nose between th:
wires aud got the hen by the neck, and
biddy's sitting habit MAS finally broker
for good.-New York Sun.