davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

for It. Any patient who can afford it
and so wishes can pay for his board, but
he gets the same as all the rest. The
General Government is the only paying
customer Of the department. II sends
the cases OF scarlet fever and measles
that reach quarantine to Riverside. pay
ing fixed sum for their care. Yellow
Jack and cholera 1t deals with at quaran-
tine itself. Its diphtheris patients go to
the Willard Parker Hospital, In Six.
teenth street, where the health depart-
ment keeps its cwn us well. Diphtheria,
unless complicated with other DIS
eases, Is rot admitted to the island.
Upon the main shore also are the dis.
injecting furnaces or crematories, through
which all infected clothing must pass be-
fore readmitted into the community as
snfe. The clothing of typhus fever
patients never returns. IL Is fed to the
flames as the surest way Of rendering it
harmless.
As an institution North Brother Island
is unique. There is nothing like 1t any
where in the world. In the great cities
of Europe they have floating hospitals
for smallpox and more or less perfectly
isolated contagious wards in their or
dinary hospitals. The isolation secured
in New York Is absolute, and 1t must
ever be the chief defense of the city and
of the Nation against an enemy that is
forever knocking.
Hoffman Island, where the cholera
patients go, is about two miles south of
the Narrows, and, says Frank Leslie's IL
lustrated, gets its name from Governor
Hoffman. Its built on sand-bar known
to pilots as West Bank, and rises abrupt
ly out OF the water on q pile of rocks.
The island itself, covering II Few acres, is
composed of sand inc,osed in crib
work, which in turn is protected by the
rip.rap. About nine hundred patients
can be handled there at one time. On
it are the germ-proof dormitories for
disinfecting, and in every direction the
assertion Is borne out, so often made by
sea captains, that the New York quaran-
tine is the safest in the world.
The floors Of the building are made
of asphalt, while the ceilings are con-
structed of galvanized and corrugated
iron. The partitions are also built OF
iron, while in some portions the smaller
walls are built of enameled brick. There
arc no mattresses in the dormitories,
and the cots are the simplest kind OF
hammocks suspended over iron frames.
Steam does everything, from disinfect-
ing to cooking. Bath tubs to the mum.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12
A CHINESE COW FLOWING.

lFnith raises his sledge, imbeds 1t IN the
earth, and pulls it forward. The food
Of 400, 100000 people is cul-
tivated by this one implement. A
trashing machine or a reaper is never
seen in China. The Chinese put as
much labor on an acre as an American
farmer would on twenty acres. A China
man will raise enough on an aero to sup
port family of seven and pay his dollar
and a half In taxes. The size OF
Chinese farm is from a hundred feet
square to three acres. A quarter OF an
acre will keep man busy, but he will
raise three crops year on 1t. First no
raises barley or wheat in tho winter.
When the wheat Is heading, cotton is
sown broadcast. After reaping the
barley and wheat in June tho little
cotton is seen coming up. Then the
barley roots are pulled up and the cotton
comes on. 1t is in beds and is oil hoed
by hand. 1t grows low and has short
stable. Chinese cotton would not bring
three cents pound in New Orleans, and
tho yield is about 200 pounds to the
acre. Men and women draw the crops
to market on two.wheeled carts.
Cotton is not baled but crowded into
sacks like wool. Horses are seldom seen
on farm in China; men and women do
the work OF the horse. A Chinese farm
laborer gets about four or i've cents day
and his rice.
Notwithstanding labor being SO cheap
In China the superior skill of our Amer
lcan cotton planters and the good quail
ity of their cotton and lis cheap price is
destroying the cotton industry in China.
China will have to givo up cotton and
go into rice, barley and peanuts. Last
year the Chinese raised only 100,0 900
bales OF cotton. The raising CT silk
worms here will always thrive, and silk
will be reeled from the cocoons into
skeins by cheap five cents per day labor,
but silk weaving will have to go to Eng
land and America, where they use power
looms. Tea will always be raised in
China, where fivo cent labor can pick
the leaves. The tea plant is the same as
our camellia or japonica.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

to their knees, After the rice is har.
vested a full crop OF radishes Is put In.
In order to irrigate for rice water Is
pumped on to the land by hand, though
sometimes revolving belt covered with
buckets is propelled by buffalo COW
which walks round and round like
thrashing horses in America.
Rice In China is worth about q dollar
bushcl. A Chinaman can live on four
bushels OF rice year. This, with pea
nut oil. tea, and little sugar, costs
about S5 year.
"You think five dollars a year IN
America" said Mr.. Leonard, our Con-
sui General, ais cheap living, but II o
man In Chicsgo should live on boiled
wheat with little cotton seed oil. tea,
and sugar, he could live as cheap as the
Chinese. It is meat which makes liv.
ing expensive in England and America.
1t takes eight pounds OF cereals to make
a pound OF beetsteak, and where you get
pound of beefsteak it Is only worth
about third as much as q pound Of
wheat OF corn. Americans reduce tho
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

being longer as you recedc from tha
name, for an apple, the last one being an
inch and half in length. When the
fruit is quite fully grown select u smooth,
fair, healthy looking apple from the
south side OF the trees, and tic the name
portion on the side facing the sun, and
in few weeks tho portion of the skin
underneath the letters will have bleached
to very light shade. OF course you
will have soaked OIL the paper on the
back previous to tying in posi-
tion. A late keeping apple should
be chosen, and red variety is pref,
erable. How it will appear when the
cloth letters are removed is shown in
Fig. 2. 4
When des iring to imprint n melon,
pumpkin, or other vegetable. lar ger let.
ters can be US cd and moro of them ms in
Fig. Q. Instead Of letters the year may
be imprinted, Or any plain design, lik,
pair OF half open scissors, hammer, etc.,
being careful to tie the strings firmly,
and in case OF fruit, chaose a specimen
that will not be touched by another OF
where an adjoining twig will not change
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12
Making til, Dumb 10 Speak.

There cannot be an instance of q per.
son born dumb regain'ng speech, for no
one can regain what he never possessed,
though he may acquire it. In speaking,
however, of persons born dumb We must
exclude the vast majority OF those called
deaf and dumb, for their inability 20
speak arises from no malformation of the
tongue, but they remain speechlcss be-
cause, having been deaf from birth or
early childhood, they have never heard
the conversation OF others, nor learned to
initiate it. Large numbers, who in this
sense have been deaf and dumb all their
lives, have learned to speak by signs or
by the motion of the lips, or by sounds
such as ordinary persons produce. 1t is
difficult to tell generally whether per-
son is dumb from birth, because the de-
feet is not at first suspected. But there
are cases OF real congenital dumbness. 1t
arise from injury to the lingual nerves, or
nerves OF the tongue, or from general or
local debility. But it may arise from
visible cause, from the child Being
tongue tied, the fi@num lingue, as it is
called, or bride Of the tongue-a men,
brane underneath lt-extending too far
forward towards the tip of the tongue,
so as to prevent the tongue being ex-
pended or put out. This may make it
impossible for the child to suck, and, II
not relieved may interfere with Its speech.
A surgeon can snip the thin part of the
frenum, care, however, being taken not
to endanger the lingual artery. 1t is not
certain, however, that tongue tied per.
son could not speak, for Jussien, one
hundred and sixty years ago, recorded
the case of a girl of fifteen year old. who
had never possessed tongue, and yet
could speak without inconvenience, and
persons learn to do so who have had their
tongues to great extent removed.
Yankee Blade.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

tion Of an occasional Inspector OF the
Health Department, these are the only
new faces ever seen on the island-lit-
orally faces only, for no visitor Is per-
mitted to 90 far beyond the ferry dock
without having enveloped him or herself
in the ugly Mother Hubbard gown and
big rubber overshoes that are the uni.
form Of the island, worn always In the
sick wards.
Though the island Il connected with
the city by cable and telephone, the lit
tie hospital of nurses spend their lives
there In virtual Punishment from the
world. It has happened that a whole
winter has passed without auy ono OF
them crossing over to the mainland. The
doctor mag travel on the steamer, and
does when he has time, but the nurses
not. Their duty is on the island, and
there is always enough for them to do;
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

for whether there be two or twenty pa
tients in pavilion they must have their
own nurse. No other will do lest the
pests get mixed up aud the end become
worse than the beginning. There are
six women nurses, young girls all of
them, who with rare devotion and cour-
age have put away from them all that
makes life sweet, and taken upon them
this dangerous duty. Their chief IL the
matron, Miss Kate Holden. who for ten
long years has led this life Of solitude and
sacrifice. She is a Southern girl whose
people lost their all in defense Of the lost
cause-so the tradition of the depart
ment runs. It was little less than lost
cause she espoused when, having finished
her course in the Charity Hospital Train.
ing School, she offered herself to the
Board of Health. A typhus outbreak
had then decimated the staff Of the old
Riverside Hospital on Baokwel's Island,
and the authorities we're at their wits
ends where to get other nurses. They
looked aghast at this frail young girl,
and asked her, almost harshly, II she
knew that she was courting almost Ger.
tain death. She replied calmly that she
knew; it was her chosen work. So they
took her, and the doctors soon learned
to trust her rs their chief support in the
unequal fight. Before it was won she
too succumbed, and for weeks the city
across the river that had heard the story
of her devotion and her suffering listened
anxiously day by day to the bulletins
from her sick bed. She recovered aud
was made matron in the course Of years
at the munifcent salary of $50 month.
Ever since she has been the mainstay and
guardian angel Of the island, coupling
with her duties as matron and nurse now
those of hospital apothecary as we'll.
Having passed tho requisite examination,
sho has been duly commissioned to mix
the medicines as we'll as care for the sick.
When, last February, in single day
| fifty.seven Russian exiles were found in
half dozen lodging-houses suffering
from typhus fever and were packed off
to Riverside Hospital, followed by a pro-
cession that swelled their number to a
hundred before the week had passed,
Miss Holoon spent forty hours among
them, without sleep and almost without
food, arranging, soothing and cutting
the hair from their fevered brows, until,
literally worn out, she had to be carried
20 bed.
Elm the administration building the
nurses have library gwen by thought
full friends, and even music-room that
is not neglected under the pressure OF
life's sterner cares. They cross the
threshold of this their refuge only to
take up their never-c -ceasing round Of
duties. The rooms of the physician in
charge, the autocrat of the island. are on
the main hoor. His little principality
embraces two-score subjects, male
nurses, helpers and attendants of all
kinds. His rule extends to the boiler.
house next door, where the steam is
generated that heats all the hospital
buildings, and whence the very conf
p!ete tire-extinguishing apparatus Of
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

Scarlet fever and measles clam most
OF the pavilions in times of comparative
peace. This year typhus fever in ,aded
them. In the sudden rush their capacity
was quite exhausted, and u camp Of
tents was pitched on the lawn to shelter
the overflow. 1t was while the weather
was yet cold, and cry went up against
the supposed outrage. AS matter of
fact these tents Eave board floors and a
stove that make them very comfortable
abodes and much preferable in the eyes
of the physicians to the wooden houses,
partly because the ventilation in them is
perfect, partly because not much Is lost
in destroying them when the scouree has
had its day. Even the pavllions are built
on the modern hospital plan with this
end III view. It is the easiest way to get
rid OF malignant contagion. Flame is
a great purifier. Still, one hesitates to
burn up house, while tent is touched
of without pang.
All travel to and from North Brother
leland is restricted to two routes, that
by the department steamer from the re-
ception hospital at sixteenth street,
which IL pre-empted for the sick, and the
other via the 13Sth Street Ferry. This lat-
ter slime" 10 represented by single yawl
propelled by sphinx like boatman,
who answers calls on the drum telephone
at the shore end OF the ferry. On visit
ing days--twice a weeks few scat.
tered callers come sometimes to see
friends u the hospital. With the excsp.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

nutritious quality OF their food thirty
fold, by feeding IL first to the animal
and then eating the animal.
"China," continued Mr.. Leonard,
"supports 4OO, 100000 beings, but
they eat the cereals. America could
support four billion people II they would
eat corn and wheat like the Chinese.
But instead of that, Americans feed
eight pounds OF corn to sheep or steer
and then eat the steer"
The Chinese COW on the Yank-tse
Is a semiamphibious animal. You will
often see her grazing with her head en-.
tirely under water. This Is the ami.
NAL that q well-dc.to farmer uses for
plowing, instead of his wife and
daughter. He uses the milk aud mus.
Gle Of the poor COW. It is pathetic to
SEQ this patient old COW plodding along
through the rice fields knee deep In mud.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12
Jewels aad Their Uses In Watches.

Few people understand just what is
the practical value of the jewels" IN a
fine watch. These tiny bits of precious
stones are set in the 'bearings" OF the
machinerv-or ''movement," as it is
called-where the pointed ends OF the
little pivots turn and turn continually.
This constant grind OF the sharp little
points would wear away the hardest
metal. Only the hardness OF precious
stone can resist the severe friction.
Garnets are sometimes used and some
times sapphires. These, being harder,
are put into the new improved, quick
winding watch, which adds to its wear.
ing qualities. 1t Is one OF the marvels
Of the watch trade, that jewelled
watch OF this high grade can be sold SO
cheaply. boston Cultivator.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

have enou,h to form tho name, paste
them in the nroper or der on some thin,
tough papcs when dry take strong
white linen thread an d connect the tops
of the letters together oy sewing through
them, as shown in Fig. 1, leaving the
ends long enough to reach around the
article to which IL is to be attached.
These end, should have short
strings connecting the tying cords,
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

II any boy or girl desires to make a
unique and very acceptable present
to friend he or she can do SO by fol-
lowing the accompanying instructions,
and besides will derive great pleasure In
preparing the gift. 1t consists of i'm
printing any name chosen upon the skin
Of apples, pears or vegetables.
Select any strong. woven, dark woolen
cloth: cut letters from 1t about threo-
quarters Of an inch square; when YOU
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

teu WItu piUNcs US
thick as haycocks on New England
meadow. The farmers house Is always
hut, writes Eli Perkins, In the New
York Sun. II Is generally built Of rice
straw and looks like straw stack in
Illinois with holes eaten into IL by sheep
and hogs. 1t would be poor COW shed
in America.
When not made OF rice straw IL Is
built Of rough boards or adobe bricks
one story high, has paper for windows
and is tbatcbed with rice straw. II has
no chimney and no stove. There are no
flowers about it as with the Japanese.
A pig and COW may occupy the same
hut. The pig is scavengef with big
black ears. The farmer has few
chickens and ducks, but never eats them
himself. He never sees a newspaper.
He has no carpet, no musical instrument,
no books, aud seldom a clock. The
floor of lis house is hard ground. His
bed is straw. He has no windows in his
house or hut. In winter he covers him.
self with rags to keep warm, aud In
summer he is almost naked. He sows
his barley or rice In bed, hoes them by
hand, reaps them with a sickle, and
vim ows them in the wind. A quar,er OF
an acre is big farm. He has no
knowledge of politics. China might
have q big war and he would never hear
of IL till troops marched into his rice
field.
The tools of the average Chinese
farmer are basket, tea kettle aud q
four-tined hoe. This hoe is very heavy,
and is used for spading as we'll as hoe.
ing. He raises IL In the air as n black
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

The plow she is drawing is a rude bit Of
a log with an iron point. A digger
Indian could make It. II was used be.
fore Noah went into the ark, and it will
be used thousand years tron now. The
Chinaman never changes.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

II rice Is to DO raised after barley and
wheat, tho land Is flooded with water.
Men and women, knee deep in water,
pull tho harrows. Then the rice Is set
out In tho wator In hills foot apart. 1t
is common to sec women working In the
rico dold covered with straw garments
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12
WHERE VICTIMS OF CON ia
.GIoUs DISEASES ARE TAKEN.
New York's North Brother Island
System is by Far the Best In tho
World-wherc Cholcra
Patients Go.

- - - 4LiEl4E5 mel that winds past
s----sS the forts TO Long
se@ssse-.1 .:.,Es.Sa Island Sound. Two
are barren wastes Of bay weed and sand.
The third juts into the channel with
grass-grown bluff. Great powders
washed by every tide lie ut its base. Up.
big fog bell in its white tower against a
background of green trees. The fishing
boats that dot the channel keep to the
windward of the island. Passengers on
the deck of the big outgoing Sound
steamers watch the sunset glow in the
myriad windows of group of red brick
buildings on its shore, wondering what
they may be, while the citys spires fade
away in the distance. Presently several
shrill blasts sound from a steamers
whistle and at the signal, as the boats
shoot behind the point, a krot Of men,
carrying IA siretcher between them, are
seen making their way down to the
landing. The men are orderies from
one of the hospitals. The blasts were
sounded by the New York Health De-
partment's steamer coming up froA the
city to tell what it had on board. 1t Is
the official language Of North Brother
Island varied to suit the particular pesti-
lence of the trip. For this is New York's
pesthouse, better known IN this day as
the Riverside Hospital.
Whatever may be the shortcomings of
New York in other respects, it is par
ticularly gratifying just now to recall the
statement made by Jacob A. Rus, in a
recent number of the Cosmopolitan, that
1t is far in the lead of the municipalities
of the world in the management of pesti-
lent diseases.
In recent years marvellous change has
come over North Brother Island. To-
day, where once was waste OF sand, are
broad and shaded lawns; winding, we'll
kept walks, trees, shrubs and flowers /;
handsome, substantial buildings and hos
pital pavilions or wards, arranged on a
plan securing perfect and absolute isola-
tion with maximum of comfort to the
patients. One result is seen in very
low death rate, considering the character
of the institution. Last year before the
importation OF typhus fever in the ship.
IOau OF nussian eAies, IL was siAteeu per
cent. of about 900 cases.
The old pesthouse is still there, but
even that has lost its terror. Become a
harmless measles pavilion, it stands up
on the northeast shore OF the island at
one end Of half circle of one-story
frame buildings, seven in number now,
but so planned as to be capable of in.
definite extension as the needs of the
growing city may demand. The island
itself has grown under the hands of the
builders. Low places have been filled
in, the half-score acres OF available
ground have become thirteen, and IN
place Of the sandy beach, of which the
winter storms claimed their share yeai
by year, has como strong sea wall
against which the breakers rage in vain
The frame buildings are the fever wards
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

the island is directed in time of need.
At the door Of the kitchen, in tho build.
ing on the other side, It stops short.
There the matron takes charge, weighs
out all the groceries, and sees the food
for the sick and the we'll cooked. It
10 the best that can be bought for
monsy. though mona q asked or sxActsd
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12
Propagation of Cholera Germs.

The culture Of the cholera germ is an
extremely interesting though very simple
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

process.
> An upright glass
I tube, as shown In the
illustration herewith,
is filled with gelatine,
and when the latter
has hardened sufi.
ciently a germ Is in
serted In Its centre by
means Of q platinum
needle.
The germ at onco
begins to incubate.
and in a few days it
has m ultiplie d a
thousand fold. The
germs eat their way
down through tho
gelatine, and tn o
mass assumes q funnel
shaped form, which
gives the gelatine u
clouded appearance.
The single germs
nre invisible to the
naked eye, but can be
seen in large masses.
When magnified 800
diameters the single
germ becomes plainly
visible. 1t has a
crescent-shaped form,
: somewhat like that of
"a comma, and they
:. sometimes blend to-
? gether in the form of
o spiral.
overed the cholera germ
New York World.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12

Queen Victoria possesses small cabinet
Of Rose du BarrI china that Is valued VI
o150. 900.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12
CHINESE FARMERS.
COTTON AND ROE RAISING ON
THE YANG.TsE RIVER.
Three Crops n Year-Prlmitivc Tools
tow Flowing I'm the Water
chinese wages-A Chinese
=: Farmhouse.
.ry; HE Chinese farmer Is

he Suinese iHrIIIer u
Is in abject poverty.
1 rode up the Yang
tse Kiaug River as far
ns Hankow, 500 miles.
The Yang-tse is an
other. Mi s sis sipp l
River. The whole bot
tom Is ridged with
broken levees and DOT.
ted with graves as
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-10-12
FIG. III. INSCRIPTION on WATERMELON.

the position of the lettering, even il you
are compelled to cut away some small
anches.-Amer!can Agriculturist.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1892-04-08
NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPT1oN PROOF
NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPr1oN PROOF.

NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPTION PROOF
John j. McDonaugh, Pre-. d. S. No 1860
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON, IDAHo.t
March 26. 1892.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim and
Office, at Lewiston, Idaho. on May 49, 1892 viz:
JOHN J. MCDONAUGH
for the + y a Sec IA and w = N W "a Sec
49, 7 So N, R4 e, b NJ.
He names the following witnesses TO prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of said land. viz:
John T. Malloy, John II. Strange, John j.
Gatfney and George Gamble, all of Weippe
Idaho.
43-iS C. NJ. DAY Register.