The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-09-18
VOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY

alton. II consists In purifying the crude
nickel resulting from the reducing fusion OF
nickel oxide or roasted nickel matters. By
charging the crude nickel with the addition OF
coke and lime. magnesia or baryta. together
with Huorspar or sea salt. This Is done In a
water-iacketed furnace having a basic lining
or n lining OF chrome iron ore, tho bed OF fu-
sion being so prepared that the bases
enter into the Stag formed In the pro.
portion Of seventy-ilve per cent. to twens
ty-flve per cent. ofsiiica and fuorspnr or silicA
o any seq 81 f nisiie ShS and nFa the m Sssf.a % t fSSef bod Il
fusion. namely. iron and somettmss copper,
ilHm pThmir'uss have BEEN eiimina.ed. 81. Garnisr
states that tho Product thns tormed may 2s
s stSssSt 70 sst o rid 'of' the ""f IRON @n.s so as to Obtain
pure nickel or nickel alloyed with copper.
What arc now known rs luminous paints. or
colors. aro now extensively employed for ar
tistic purposes. for which uso they are pre-.
pared by mixing with East Indian poppy OH
in the same quantity. instead Of the vnrnish.
particular care being exercised to grind the
materials TO ns fine q condition as posstbles
that is. for luminous ~oil-color paints. equal
ouantitios OF pure linseed. cold pressed and
thickencd by hent. are a substitute for the
varnish. 1t is found that all the luminous
paints can be used In tho production OF colored
papers for artistic application II varnish is al
together omitted and the dry mixtures ground
to y paste with water. In tho beautiful gray
iiyn pnrts OF the prescribed material aro mixed
With y Ia s nxG parts rcd Of Z, E .iI p, cd rb Sarlqm ok sn'p n : II:
% tra nj rrspI biae e' and Is S" parss gray vi zinc S' sui.
pllde:n yollowish brown luminous paint 10
scribeI material, ten parts preciritated, hisrl.
UNI, sulphats. cigh, OF nnrinigment. and thir-
ty-four 81 luminous calcium sulphide.
An instance OF remarkably fine mechanical
work Is that described by Prof. Rowland. tho
distinguished microscopist. who has now sue.
cccied in manufacturing u screw for his
dividing engine which is said to be moro
nearly perfect than any other Of the kind ever
produced. 1t is made OF tho best Jessop steel.
is one and inch in diameter. seventeen
inches long. and with twenty threads per inch:
was first cut in u lathe in the ordinary man.
ner, then ground BY using a nut equal to 1t In
length. which was placed on it with washed
emery. and the screw revolvcd under n bath OK
water and oil maintained at II constant
temperature. The grindin: required about
three weeks. 1t Is to DO used mainly
in ruling gratinGs for srcctroscopes and
it liz thought will be capable Of ruling
a million OF lines to an inch. In
the head attached to the, screw there are II
thousand notches, 80 that the moyoment OF
! 'hSrEsa. fiat q NJ, an he} ' i has az i %sa :: stated ed
the network in hardened steel may 10 made
annealing-ti dark. sinuous lines answering
TO- the bright ones shown by s"rby on etched
contains hard ETanuies bound up in a lnatrix
OF soft iron.
Much interest has been created among
Ecologists in the casc Of the insulated noun
tain known rs Icbcl Naibo. about twenty-five
thousand feet high. md situated near Bona.
Algeria. but which is found TO DO rapidly de-
creasinG in height, a considerable cavity hav-
ing already formed around its entire base. the
whole mass Of tho g~igaptic peak evidently
sinking into tho eartl's crust. Singu.
larry enough. evidence is said to exist
almost within the very limits OF Bona.
showing that a similar phenomenon had taken
place there; PROBABLY centuries before. Ac-
e efft soms Il Sn,s Hyls'o OF at lss' IN n'e esteat a I SGas
between the mountains and the city. did not
exist in the ilme Of the h9nnn empire q and
settled, tho fact that; # NOW covers what was
west west WHITE iaf;' b 'GsS for d G,sy: in ms s9ec ssaGos s sGS.nz
Indications of this are visible far out In the
lake.
For the more perfect qualification OF steel
ingots. a Western inventor now proposes =
simple process. namely. that OF pouring molten
steel Stag on the molten steel Immediately
after the lat,rrhas Lcen poured into the mould
and bcf re it has had time TO set. the steel
castings thus treated proving to be dense.
homogeneous. and free from pipes and blow.
holes. This improvement in tho quality OF the
casting is attributed partlytothe weight OF III,
Stag upon the steel and partly to the fact that
the molten Stag serves 10 keepthe surface ott,e
steel longer in II molten o. liquid condition,
thus %nllowinE. os course, greater timcand frr,-
dom iortie escape Of Eases from thn steel. and
IN" passage ui.ward OF iross ar Impurities
en" i"r ne IS st ,.I n mstA Ii. l 1fMor y i ,iH ina ar sa u Is !;
thnt the latter can follow tn" former very
quickly; Attire ingot ten inches hiEN. on which
fail two and o~ne-hnlf inches in Ike centre. III ~
showing how much II" in=ot 'onI"nsGS. The
and it Is easily rem ,vca at .gw,ri. i~nyiu. u"
tHHndeney to muito with the .'rsi; and only
sh.nrcd on the TOP o,these inEo:s as comrured
with those otherwise treated.
One Of the most intricate. delicate. aud curl
Gus OF mechanical PROCESSES of tho present day
is that OF getting the correct focal power OF a
telescope lens. The testing, perhaps hum
dreds OF limos. is BY the aid o! II silvs, mirror.
On being set before tho mirror n lit.lr starliks
ayofliGht is madoto pass through thc lens ard
reflected back through it from tho mirror. hut
until ali the, in'Tuniiti"s o. density in the glass
are removed tho ray OF light transmitted il noe
perfect in shape. and on this account back AMI
smoothing marhIn 20 tho ~tcst,n: apparatus,
until the tiny ray Of iiGlt is as rerie't as whcn
forth. The grinding APPARATUS is an Ingenious
mechanism, consisting OF tw" cranks, one OF
which. rcvolveS. seventeen tines to tho ono
time that It's fellow moves around. thus max
lng, the lens present. n constantly changing
surface to that. which is polishing It. I;ud OXIDE
OF iron Is Ufol Tor the grinding. ana bSeswaS
n,rings out the polish: but even after the ma
chimes have done all tnoir Gne work. human
fingers have 10 complete the polishing prog
cSs.
The comprossion OF timber Is becoming .
growing industry. and the material thus treat
ed is being applied TO a variety OF useful and
purpos es. especially in the field OF
carving. most attractive and artistic designs
being thus brought out. pronounced in many
cases fully equal, If not superior. to anything
ordinarily produced in that line. Tho wood TO
be employed in this manner is compressed
e,tner N its naturn! conhiii?n o. iii"r icing
wei seasoned nsh timber, say u four