The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1892-09-07
CAPTIVE BALLOONS In WAR
OBSERVATION CARS USED TO GET
n VIEW OF THE ENEMY,

How the SCneme WOrkcu IN the
Franco-Prussian War - McClcl-
lan's Balloon.
HHE alarm which prevails in
Russian army circles over the
German balloons that have
crossed the frontier in mid-air
to study the Notifications of the great
czardom along its border-line from a
strategic standpoint is but o repetition
of the surprise with which the captive
balloon was hailed during the war Of
seventy.
The Franco Prussian war and the siege
of Paris have amply demonstrated the
utility of the balloon for the purpose of
investigation and communication, which
without it would have been impossible.
During that siege of five months, lasting
from the 23d of September to the 2Sth
of January, not less than sixty-five
balloons with crew of 155 men, 1863
carrier pigeons and tonnage of 10000
pounds of mail matter, consisting OF
letters, dispatches aud newspapers, were
sent from Paris to the provinces. The
carrier pigeons were used for carrying
back news from the provinces to the
locked-in capital. That the plan worked
successfully is proven by the fact that
fifty-seven carrier-pigeons returned with
more than 100, 900 dispatches. When it
is borne in mind that this mode of COM
munication was the only one left to
metropolis numbering its populaco by
the million this modest result assumes
enormous Importance, and the future
besiegement of large centres will un-
doubtedly bring a repetition and i'm
provemeut of this method.
During the last century the French
military engineer employed captive
balloons, which were held with ropes
by the privates of his corps. From the
car attached to the balloon observations
could be made of the territory, the
battlefield, or the fortress occupied, and
a correct idea could thus be formed Of
the position aud movements of the
enemy and the Notifications erected by
them. AS early as 1898 and 1894
balloon ascensions were made for this
purpose during the sieges of Valen
ciennes, Maubeuge and Charleroi, and
the battle of Fleurus. General McClel-
Ian was unusually fortunate in the
employment of his balloon June l, 1862,
during the battle of Richmond. His
headquarters were connected by tele-
graph with the observation car Of the
balloon and he directed the battle
according to the flashes of intelligence
received from there.
These and many other examples, dem
onstrating tho superior advantage of
bird's-eye view of the situation, assume
still greater range when the trajectory
power of our present firearms is consid-
cred, together with the introduction of
smokeess powder. The battletields
must of necessity expand, the fighting
distance become greater, aud that side
which discovers the enemy first will have
many points of advantage, enabling it to
a certain degree to shape and outline the
developments of the contest. A brief
lookout from the car of balloon 1000
to 1900 feet in the air reveals more
plainly the position of the enemy TO the
eye of the strategists than all the infor-
nation that can be gathered from re-
connoitering parties, outposts and spies.
1t is a connected picture that is thus
presented of all that would otherwise
have to be gradually united into a whole
from news and reports as they como
What can be seen from an observation
car is a complete chart, not one COM
posed Of isolated fragments, no matter
how correct they may be.
These facts, bearing so closely upon
the tactics of future wars, have resulted
in an increased utility of the captive bal
loon, the first essential of which is that
it shall be ready for service at short no.
tice. Napoleon /. abolished Coutelle's
corps of aeronauts only because they
were unable to keep up with his army.
The military corps of aeronauts at
Chalais- Meudon, in charge of Renard,
succeeded at last in constructing an aero
naut's park, the special arrangement of
which is kept as secret as that of the
English and German parks of this class.
Gabriel Yon, one of the most noted
Partisan engineers, who assisted in the
building of the gigantic captive balloons
exhibited at the worlds fair of Paris and
London, has constructed his aeronaut |
parks after the Renard model and sup
piled with them Italy, Russia, China and
other countries.
Two opposing elements govern the
construction of military balloon, and |
to harmonize them great care and judg- |
ment is required. One Is absolute safety |
for the lives of the aeronauts; the other
utmost lightness in weight of the balloon
and its outfit. The first demands con-
struction insuring durability and safety; |
the second Of minimum weight. To ef- |
feet a compromise between the two only
the best material can be used, and care
full calculation and many tests are neces-
sary to achieve the desired result. The
weight carried by the gas is by no means
small, for Yon's Italian balloon weighed,
with passengers, ETC., complete, little
over 1000 pounds.-Chicago Times.