davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14
He Was Strung to-a Limb.

UNION CITY Oct. News has just
reached this city of Iynching which
occurred at Mount Pelia, in the seventh
district of this county. last night. 1t
seems that on last Saturday night, Alex
Bell, colored, went to the residence of
a widow lady and attempted an assault
upon the person of her daughte ter. The
ladies had retired for the night, and
were awakened by the black brute be-
ing in bed with them. sT TT
The screams of the women attracted
the. neighbors, and on their entering
the room Bell made his escape through
back door. On Sunday he was ar
rested and made his escape again, but
was shot through and through in the at
tempt, the ball entering his right side.
He was again arrested on Monday at the
house of Phil Holland, colOred. When
the officers entered the house Bell was
in bed nursing his wounds, but he was
able to snap shotgun four times at the
officers. Fortunately it was not loaded.
Finally Deputy Sheriff Kinnard
started with Bell to Jail, but before
going a great way was confronted by a
mob of one hundred citizens, who de-
manded Bell. Mr.. kinnard did all in
his power to dispense the mob. and did
so successfully for fifteen minutes, but
was finally oyerpowered. Bell was
then hung to limb and his body rid
died with bullets. He confessed his
crime, and did not murmur while being
executed Hst- A.f 80
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

REv II. p. CARsoS, Scotland. Oak, says:
Two bottles of Halls Catarrh euro COM.
pletely cured my little girl" Sold by Drug,
gists.15c - ks M
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

BEECHAM's PILLS cost only IS cents a box.
They are proverbially known throughout
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

tarrh in tho Head That means that it's
driven from the head into the throat and
lungs. But, by its mild, soothing, cleansing
and healing properties, Dr. Sage's Catarrh
Remedy perfectly and permanently cures
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

Nor necessarily after O bird-the man
Who goes out for a lark.-Brooklyn Eagle.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

"DID you know his business had run
downf' Il had supposed So. / heard he.
was going to wind it 1up.n--Nasts Weekly,
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

CHECK Colds and Bronchitis with Hale's
Honey OF Horeh0und AMI Tar.
Pixies ,Toothache Drops Cure in one minute.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14
IN WOMAM

THE man who figures in an explosion be-
gins at the bottom and works up.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

$50 YoU have a new servant GIRL" said
one housewife to another. "Yes. How
does she like youl''-- Washington Star.
The Bolivar bulletin. (Bolivar, Tenn.) 1888-1946, 1892-10-14

n TIRED WOMAN,
just as much as a
sick and ailing one,
needs DR.. Pierce'S
Fa vorite Prescrip-
ton. That builds up,
strengthens, and in
vigorates the entire
female system. Il
regulates and pro-
notes all the proper
functions of woman
4
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11
DEFEAT ANp RkrnsAr.

When Mr.. Manning, OF Alabama,
placed the name of General !. n.
Weaver IN nomination nj the Omaha
convention, he pledged th. vote of
that state for him Ia case hc was
chosen Ia head the peoples ticket.
Last week the Alabama state cleo.
iion resulted IN n victory for the old
Bourbon Democracy Of iO,OOo 10 no..
uD. Does that look as though "thr
popular movement" was swerpinp
the south? u must bc confessed
that u does not look that way and
that II is even as the Republican.
claim that the Alliance was only Ia.
stitutrd To help the Democratic
party Ia the north. Last week also
tue Alliance state central committee
of Minnesota met aud Withdrew
voluntarily from the contest, by re-.
calling Its candidates for state offices
aud presidential electors. Mime.
sofa farmers are Just as brave and
Just as honest NJ those who live In
Kansas, or anywhere else. They
are essentially Of the same blood NJ
characterizes the citizens of Kansas,
but they don't propose to be used as
catspaws To rake chestnuts out of
the fire for Democratic politicians
by lending their aid To n second.
handed effort To elect Grover CIeve.
land. They are not built that way.
Hence they Withdrew and left each
individual member to vote accord.
ing to the dictates OF his own con.
science, and M u consequence Min.
nssota will roll up her customary
majority for the Republican ticket.
The example Of the Minnesota nj.
lance Is worthy OF the serious cou.
siderstion Of Kansas men pursuing
the same line Of political action.
Briefly stated the status Of the cause
in these two states 10 defeat In one aud
retreat In the other. Besides this In
Tennessee the farmer candidate has
Withdrawn from the fight and In
south Carolina Mr.. Tillmans's
chances are considered very bad. IL
IL "a condition and not q theory
which confronts the peoples party.
Every day In Kansas Is one OF de.
creasing strength and confidence. Il
Is idle TO talk to impracticables and
fanatics but you plain, honest citi-
zens who were drawn into the move
ment In the hope aud on tie A..
sursnce Of bettering your condition.
you men who were deceived, should
calmly consider all things before
you make up your minds which way
you are going To vote. Do you in
tend to give your vote to an attempt
to elect q man who does not and
never did represent your ideas, or
are you going TO vote for q man who
has the courage TO do what is right?
Stand up for Kansas.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

RESPONSIBILITY II something that
cannot lie shifted Off ones shoulders
when once IL has been assumed.
For instance, when the Democrats
organized the present house they
assumed the responsibility for Its
acts and the blsrIe for its sins Of
omission as well. Therefore, they
must not think that the people of
this country hold them guiItless
when they try to run away from the
responsibility OF action in congress
when all the power lies in their
hands. Congressman are elected to
fulfill a positive mission, and not to
sneak out of doing things simply be
cause they lack little courage.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

CONuREss has at last packed up iis
things and gone home. u has de.
monstrated clearly To this country
three things, viz: that this IL "A
billion dollar country and that Its
predecessor acted wisely Ia the mat
ter Of appropriations. II proved the
necessity of n "CZar Reed" "a hun.
dred times over. Had Reed been in
the speakers chair u would have
accomplished all IL has done IN
three months. Lastly IL explained
the necessity Of force bill," be
cause n minority of Democratic
congressman who delayed with srri.
Gus prospects OF defeating the will Of
the msjoriiy of the nation were
elected by a minority Of their con-
stituents.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11
sasp.nunm. ASp TUMBLE WEEDS

II now transpIres that Mrs. Leases
father was drafted Into the army.
Times are so hard In Atchison that
two women want TO drive street
cars.
A Democrat says his party II doing
business In this state In It's wife's
name.
Ksnopolis IL on the eve of big
coal find, says the Ellsworth Re.
porter.
N. ID. Adams. editor Of the Scott
City NsTs II dead. J. ID. Crawford
is his successor.
Down In Manhattan Il IL a sign Of
culture when anyone refers to the
"Kansas" river.
Why is the boy always unpopular
who takes u towel with him when
he goes swimming?
The plank In peoples party plat.
form declaring for nine eggs In q
dozen was inadvertently left out.
Charley Hsrger IL out In Colorado
picking flowers with one hand and
making snow balls with the other.
As an indication Of how healthy
Kansas Is II 10 stated that the A. q.
Y. w. made no assessment for
August.
The only place In the state where
the Office really seeks the man IL In
the sixth district, where Hons"
abound.
Two bears under the management
Of two brothers OF Anarchist Berg.
man are on exhibition at Abilene In
Kirby park.
Clay Center has real estate dealer
named Isms. II he IL related to his
Pennsylvania namesake he 10 keep.
ing IL quiet.
A store keeper In Lawrence who
bought stock OF caps with the pro-
hibition candidates name on them
finds no market.
Two years ago there were $50
Democratic papers iu Kansas. Now
there sre s5 ghosts OF what used to
be Democratic papers.
An eastern paper Gays the exact
physical center of Kansas Ii q tomb
stone In the Ft. Riley cemetery.
Now let US hear from Kanopolis.
An exchange In the east thinks
because . number Of startling snake
stories originated In Kansas this
year that prohibition don't prohibit.
A gang OF brass thieves has been
spotted in Topeka. Perhaps the
members could explain the scarcity
OF calamity orators and stories this
year.
Backward, turn backward, oh
time In thy flight; give us frost
again just for tonight. I am %
weary Of weather 90 hot, the sweat
Ii produces would ali o big pot;
weary Of collars that wilt like rag,
weary Of toiling away for the swag.
A storm or blizzard would 70 very
nice. put me on Ice, mother, put
me on ice."
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

PERHAPS the old soldiers of Kan
sas could believe the war Is over il Il
were not for such breaks as these
from the Durham. n. C., Globe:
The pension fraud il the greatest Of
the age-and Cleveland struck the
beggsrs in the face. He should be
given a chance to hit 'em again."
This, bad IS it is, il no worse than
what Ed. Snow said in the Ottawa
journal about them. Because there
are few chumps in the Democratic
party and the other thing, the op-
position seems to think they are all
made out of the same stuff.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11
wAsrsp-A .voRcs srLL."

The last week Of the first session
Of the present congress proved that
the country 10 lady In need of what
the Democrats call the "forcs bill"
and about which they grow Wild
every time the subject recurs 10
them. II isa plain outrage that =
minority Of eopgressmsn elected by
. minority Of votes should he allow.
cd To boss the house of representa-.
tives. Look At Il as you will there
has scarcely been y congressman
from q southern state of recent years
who was not an interlopsr aud whose
hands were not stained with the
blood of the majority Of voters. 10
there II no renvdy in law, outraged
Justice will Ia some way lind retfibu.
tion, aud vengeance will be visited
uIon u- ail. The servility with
which the majority Of Democrats IN
this congress bow the knee 10
the minority show. that The race of
dough faces 10 stilI ektsut The
cardinal principle of the Democratic
party 10 no, that the mAjority shall
rule, hut that the minority may
prevent the majority from au'
complishing anything,
The only mistake made by the
late iiepubliean congress Was IN nsl
iedesnilng its pledge 10 provide
means ~ insuring = square deal IN
congressional elections, ~ ether
words, ~ not passing the fierce
hill" when u had chance, Had u
dobe 30 there would now hs nu
chance far n mere handiui ~ hull
d"ssfs, wha unfortunately hail ffoa,
"he section ~ the county, ~ black
Ing the wheels ~ progress aud
Ahrosa,s the public VIII, ~ was
the ease ~ making n suitable apluo,
riiHtion for the worlds fAif,
No h0hust Mah need fear the
r"iulaf expression ~ the puhlip
viii ~ the ballot hos, itit 10 ever
rii"hunus u IL always speedily fprll.
He'd ~ The saiup way aud by tie
sainr mrahs, For years aud ypafs n
section ~ The Democratic patty has
prevented n naIofl,y from express
luz ii- choice ~ the government,
aud the least We eat do IL tu hlual,
foi them, M they seem 10 bp ~.
capable uf pprreIvlnR the magnitude
~ their own shame. when the
state governments du not ptotpr, the
right uf their humbipst citizens Iu
vote, then u IL the duty ~ the
national government, which IL 81.
ppriut, beyond aud above the state
governments, Ia step Ia aud see that
Justice IL done. Contrary 10 all
that Democrats may say or believe
there IL no such thing ~ state
uovteleniy, n part II not greater than
the whole. u IL only for towards
aud scrrz To submit themselves tu
minority rule, aud this Ia theory NJ
least does not obtain. That u exists
Ia fact calls for the effort of every
honest citizen Ia suppress u. That
Il what fore. bill" IL for.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

SURPRISING the Democrats carried
their unholy plan Of throwing the
presidential election into the house
OF representatives, and then sup
posing G. Cleveland should up and
die, what q pickle they would be in.
They would then be compelled to
elect Harrison, and 1t would be just
like Providence to visit them with
such layout, just to punish them
for their cussedness. Let Il not be
construed. however, that this is the
only hope for success the Republi-
cans have this year.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

Mr. P. SwEDLUND was in town
Saturday, and says the political out
look in his part of the county is all
right from . republican standpoint.
Mr.. Swedlund has been mentioned
frequently as a candidate for COM
missioner from the third district.
In regard 70 the rumor. he said he
was not seeking the Office, but was
for any man the convention nomi-
mates. Mr.. SwedlUnd is a man of
good business judgment, and IL the
republicans Of the third district
should select him as their candidate,
they would make no mistake.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

Nsw SoaR maa hates u Chicago
nan with iar more intsnsity than
sn Abilene man used ~ hate n ss'
iina man tani piof refsal ~ the aid
days ~ riValIy' oui here ~ kan'
sas wu haye oul 'gf0wn such ehiid'
ish things Wa have learned that
every ,own, Ne every individual,
has lie avn pucailHI Wissloa ~ tui'
~, aud u 10 Idle ~ hate o,hUfs tef
what they rsn'l help, besides bsina
extremely foolish iiad u bat
pomu on gradually those wbo wi,'
lessei the hsfrp flsalfy lev years
hack sould nos ihiuh that the
millunium 10 NJ hsud, whereas u IL
oniy the era ~ rnninIun spnsp,
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

In another place will be found an
interview with Rev. j. A. Bright,
grand secretary Of the Kansas Odd
Fellows, and chaplain OF the state
senate. Mr.. Bright counts his
friends in Saline county by the
hundred, and besides he is a man In
whose judgment and discretion his
friends have implicit faith. His
reasons why Senator Mohler should
be returned to the state senate leave
no grounds upon which the opposi-
tion can consistently stand. All our
readers should carefully weigh
Chaplain Brigbt's words.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

SEvENTY-Two young fellows In
one ward of Kansas City who have
not been Democrats long enough for
the moss to get much Of a growth on
their backs, have organized a club
and propose to vote for Warner for
governor. There something touch
ing in this. IL i'm Missouri where
the Democrats have a msjority,
some Of them can Stubborn PARTISAN
ship to patriotism, why cannot it be
done here in Kansas where the
Democrats have not, never did, nor
never will have a show Of success?
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

Now comes Kansas. 81 samples, 80
ounces in weight, and I4s per cent.
sugar. The bulletin says this Is very
high, considering the size Of the
beets. or the SO samples sent by Mr..
Ed LotE, 12 were tested with the
highest results, considering the
primative way the bee;s were raised
and handled. The results were as
follows: The highest weighed AZ
ounces; the lowest, % ounces; high
est In sugar; 12.5s per cent. lowest,
s.22 per cent. average, 10 81 per cent.
II more information 10 desired 10 can
be had from men interested In this
great coming enterprise.
JOHN BUcHI.
salins, August 8, 1892.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

THE first question asked when
the Opposition" made the howl
that all the hacks in town had been
hired by the friends of Senator
Mohler for the primaries, was, how
did they discover the fact that the
hacks had been hired. The truth of
the matter is that Joey and Fitz
approached the hsckmen and COM
menced negotiating, but found
them all taken. Then they howled
"f-r-a-u-dw 1t is clear case of be-
ing beaten at ones own game.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

A GREAT cry Of fraud" was raised
by the RcpUbiicdn when u discov.
cred the hacks had been engaged by
the friends of senator Mohier for
the primaries. We are curious To
know what II will say when u learns
that Moore aud hl- friends tried 10
"brib," said hackman 10 no back on
Mohlcr, for n money consideration.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

A pisrArcn from New York say.
Tom flatt refuses 10 br piacatcd,
10 II all right, Mr.. rlntt does not
need 10 bc placatcd. 10 he will only
keep his mouth shut or Join the
Tammany outilt, he will confer Rn
everlasting favor upon his party, u
there are any like this same they
may apply this to themselves,
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

The real friends of Jos. Moore are
cory TO see him loan himself to two
or three OF his doubtful admirers for
the purpose of causing trouble in the
next county convention. Even the
paper that il fighting Senator Moh-
Ter does not support Mr.. Moore.
Their hope is not to nominate
Moore, but to beat Mohler. Then IL
they get the convention, they can
nominate whom they please. In fact
the RepWblicdn is for Bristow for
State Senator.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

Tns "hafm"ny" pfalllef ~ the
Rsppbiirdn IL ieally amusing 10
,huse who ate acquainted with the
situation, Thls Ia their campaign
work "i'll write harmony articles.
fuu ~ over the county aud deian,e
his character, Nuu talk fraud about
the hirlun Of the hacks, while you
Yourself see n you cant btlbe some
Of the hacks over 10 our slde. Z"
There are Just four of them, aud
this l. their work,
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

JoHN DAVIS voted with the
southern Bourbons, bull dozer- aud
filibuzteTerz against giving the
Worlds Faii 81 $4,000. Let II not
be forgotten, he voted against max
ing n rucrcHs commensurate with
our greatness the exposition which
IL to commemorate the discovery oi
America, aud all the Alliance coii
grerrmen from this state with the
exception Of Glover mot accounted
for voted with him. Here Ia the
fifth district We ought To be thank.
iul that Jerry simpson II not our
congressman, aud that John Davis
IL decent. even II lac II visionary,
but at the same time the large ma.
jority Of his constituents do not mp.
prove Of his vote on that bill. lie
may explain u 10y saying thst he
simply followed the Kansns principle
Of having a whole hog or none. but
since Mr.. Davis and his peculiar
brand Of statesmen have occupied
the stage OF action. the Kansas
people have learned that 10 II better
to have half n loaf than no bread.
His vote on the worlds fair bill but
furnishes another reason why he
should be defeated.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

DID you ever notice how politicians
below, and yell "fraudi" when they
happen TO get beaten at their own
gamer II 10 always 80, po matter
how innocent the game OF trivial the
advantage gained. There 10 always
Q howl of dismay aud . charge Of
fraud. some fellows seem born 10
think that they can do anything aud
u 10 all right, bu, the minute some
other fellow oomes In aud fofestaiis
them u 10 fraud, outrage aud high.
way robbery all in one. These
fellows Invariably think Que man 10
~ good So another, always exempt,
Ing themselves from comparison on
account Of ths high value they place
upon their own worth,
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11
cmApLA,s mm,amr ~ SAUNA.
rks chspistW ~ th. ksssss senate oisss
uts Opts,s~ af sess,.v MshisE ta
che dsutssi fat rasiiss,tas,

CHAPLAIN HWt0wr ~ sAttsA'
rhs chspia,s sf,h. kss.ss ss~a,. oi,ss
tsts Opt.,ss af sssa,sv Mshisr 60
ths asssssi fav rssiiss,iss,
itsv, John A, b,ishl--and who
does not know him, and rsmsmbsf
him with q sn,ile ~ pleasure, when
he 10 ganeg-ws. IN town Tuesday
evening, on his way from Hays CITY
10 Marquette, where he delivered ae
address yesterday, A J0uHsAL
representative vailed upon him
while here aud asked him about the
standing of senator Mohler ~ the
state senate, "Nou may say on my
authority that J, u, Mohler stood
far In the lead IN ell matters PET
tHining 10 legislation and social re'
iations while NJ the state capital,
Ito wa. ons VI the tifst men ~ that
body, aud ali the promolsfs aud
friends ~ Legislation recognised him
as such, am surprised aud gFieyrd
~ irarn that there 10 opposition 10
returning him Tor another term
Srna'"f M""'"' can rs Wen """'"
""' !" fs'"'" !" w" ''""'' Ne "e
people VI the ai.i di.,rioi uan Hiofd
10 keep hlm away, in honoIinH
srns'"f M"h''' Tue pe"''i" w 'h's
district honoIed themselves, aud
gave the state u fAiihfui servant Hs
Wen
NV h''sh'' N""'" w" "'"" WV
I'M ,he J"ohsAt 'eA"e's "'N Hu"s'
'"' M"','sf s,"o" %" sneh uss''""s
~ 'he Atn w '""se"' NNF
"N"u esh say '"' me- anu , sFsss
''""h 'he s'ah"i"''"' w m'"'se' w
'he e"sfe' W Jesus 'h"s,' hs' "e
s'""u "" 'he ''sh' sue was w
'hs heh#'e eNe'f "sf' ah" Ns'ehe"
tue movements ann h'a'u we N"'"'
w eNe'f NAV, nv" ' say w Nss w.
ways '" "e '""n" "t"o we s'"p :"
'h"'a'''f nv" "'ehnsh'' Wv 'h'
p,p'a''"" w ""'s' sen''m'",'
,'.'',.. ,.,...,,.,,..,. ....,.., .i..,.
'e"ses es'""''""''''""' re"s'"' """'
iet' "e'"s y" ea'"es'' f"s''''e "s"!
has h's enp"'ps' ' s"fi"se' y" We"
Mat"n h"'he' AZ" score W "'h'A
, m'sh' ha''e " 'he ''''' "e'e w NY
disi'osaiI'
"Mf, t,flphl, the enemies ~ Rpnas
IA, Ni,bia, ara ,i,,uta,iuv ,bu ,.,,,,,
~, A.. A.. 49,. ,.,,t -,
INV W. WIS '" we P"s w WI" '"
Insurance companies ~ MI attorney
while ~ the Rpnaip. do you know
"a ub.,bu, a., u,i ,b.,. 4. su,,I,Iuy IA
',''...,.,
'"e N"'s m
"Mos' ruirhn'le'lly ~, why,
YOU should spp the letter hp Not ftum
a,,,,., a,,l,,t,. al u,,., n,.,I,.
'",'' ','"''', 80,
on 'n'a sa'''e su"l'c'' M"'" 'n"h
that you Hhuuld secure thht letter
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11
Senatorial Convention.

A Republican convention Of the 3ISt Scna- =
tor1ai district. compESad Bf OTTAWA and Saline
s-Duntt-s, will t- held ia the city Of MIBneap-
eiss- kansas. ON Tuesday. August 2ld. ls'la. ai
In Dcmiaation y candidate for state senator
aid the iransarti0n Of any other business
that may come before the convention. Each
sOaniy will h. entitled To five ~ delegates la
said convention. BY order of the senatorial
committee. y. g.. SWANSON chm
J. y. ToNLIS-oS. Secretary.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

Now that the campaign lags a
little will the Democratic press Of
the country catalogue the acts Of its
blooming congress for use this fall.
Set 'em uP In a heap boys, so that
the Republicans can have a little
fun out of pushing the pile over.
Two years ago much wac promised,
now tell u what has been done.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11

DowS in Missouri the Democrats
are SO desperate that each day we
expect to see them blame the murder
Of Abel upon Major Warner. and
exonerate Cain. Next to Major Nc
Kinley. Major Warner is entitled to
the highest congratulation for the
enemies he has made. Providence
10 kind to the Majors.
The Saline County journal., 1892-08-11
Republican COUNTY Convention.

a dssl.-Kzis EsisuiIiran convention will bs
fss-id ~ tisf f1fsurf ffsuz= 10 -ainn. Kansas 0n
sssf1urdsg. Augusf ~. =. at 30 Brfsrk a. M.
tsr the fsuFfss-ss q choosing candidates. for
ffss fslIss iffr sfBuufH Bfflrss: County kttBr-
us-r. Pfssissts. judy. afi.fE Of the District
fssuTf County -uTssfiufsTtdsut and Repre-
s--iffsffEs. AI=B ffsT fiis sissti1n Sf five dele
s.ffss - fsfsfs=s1nf saline cDunty tn the itf-
ttut8-sfl s-fsfIE sarflBu fFT the lisf senatorial
dt-ararl g. - sssid - Minneapolis August -.
Ifls dF issfsts-s ffs5fu fia third commissioner
dissgisf NiiI fnssf ifutus-d lately after the sd.
Bournliis af -aii Ns'fItiDn and otHinats
. eandIdafs f,sf commissioner. Zach Pr.riurt
% fts s'sunfy j. entitled to representation Ia
salG ss5uHfg convention a. ioli8Ws: