davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
CLEAN THE POULTRY HOUSE.

Give 1t Good Going Over Before wins
tor Sets In.
Before going into their winter quarters
the chickens should all he turned out Of
the poultry house, and thorough clean
ing and renovation of tho place should
be ATTEMPTED. 1t Is in the winter time
that eggs bring their high prices, and the
fowls that can be induced to lay heavily
then will be more than profitable. They
ran only do this, however, when clean,
fanitary poultry houses are fitted up for
their comfort. Fall cleaning of the
houses is more essential than the spring,
for the filth and dirt that are left in the
house in the winter must be shut up in
tight places so that it will tend to breed
disease. Worms, magsots and lice will
thrive in this filth, which is kept warmer
than the outside air. They will soon
swarm about the interior in great num-
hers, and naturally worry the life out of
the chickens. In addition to this, the
chickens will have to breathe the foul
air that emanates from the gases of this
filth. This alone is sufficient to cause
sickness and death.
A thorough renovation Of the house,
outside and inside, should be made.
Everything should be taken out and the
roof, ceiling, sides and floor should be
swept and then washed and scrubbed
There is nothing like thorough scrubbing
with soap and water to make the boards
clean and healthful. Then let the place
be aired for day, and meanwhile wash
and scrub the feed boxes, the nest boxes
the roosting sticks and everything that
was taken out. After this go into the
house again and whitewash all of the
woodwork. Do not be afraid of the
whitewash, but throw it on thickly, es
pecially in the cracks and holes, wher,
lice and insects may be lodging. In fac
all the woodwork is thus washed, excep
the roosting poles, which are scrubbed
with boiling water, and then treated
with kerosene oil. These should b,
drenched with oil afterward about ono,
q month, and no disease can then yer,
we'll attack the chickens. The red mite
are often troublesome in the winter, bu
this treatment will keep them away
The house outside should be inspected
carefully, and every crack through which
snow or wind would come in must b.
stopped up. Have no wind drafts blow
ing on the chickens, but have good ven
tilation. If such house cleaning i
given every fall, one may depend upol
it that he will have more eggs ant
healthier fowls in the winter.-Annie G
Webster in American Cultivator.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
PI,"CER AND BALL.
The Russian army is cultivating the use
of bicycles.

The Russian army is cultivating the use
of bicycles.
Sir Charles Dixie, who IS familiar with
all the armies of Europe, says that the
French army is now the first on the Cont
nent.
1t has been determined by the English
admiralty authorities to remove and
strengthen the two ll0-ton guns of the wa.
ship Benbow at Chatham.
The idea that all naval guns should not
exceed weight capable of being "man
handled" is a growing one among British
laval officers. All 6-inch guns common
to the United States navy could be handled
readily enough. 1t is questionable if it
would be practicable to handle pieces above
q 10-inch caliber by man power.
The new cruiser New York is designed
to carry % wardroom officers, IL junior of
fcers and Q warrant officers. In addition
she has quarters for an admiral and a cap
tain. Among her miscellaneous fittings
she will be providedlwith 700 incandescent
lights, and have 5 sets of engines and
There will be search lights.
The 87-miliimeter Hotchkss revolving
cannon can be fred at rate of so shots pei
minute. Each shel of the revolving can.
non gives from 10 to II useful fragments
the gun therefore produces about 50,
fragments per minute. The Whtwortl
and Krupp guns give only to useful
fragments during the same time, having
| the same range and precision as tue revolv-
| ing cannon
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
SNAP SHOTS.
ing cannon

A recent invention is a camera in the
form Of an opera glass.
An active though small camera club is
doing good work in New Orleans. The
field is comparatively new in the south.
The first gold medal of the London Pho
tographer has been awarded to John F..
numont, one of the best of the American
amateurs.
Members of the Atlantic Camera club
have during the summer and fall been Sc
curing pictures of the picturesque south
ern country in the lower Blue Ridge noun
tains and scenes on the plantations, which
will be much admired when in the shape
OF lantern slides
A remarkable invention has just been
announced in Vienna. 1t j. a complete
miniature apparatus for taking photo
graphs in n rifle, the apparatus closing it.
self every time shot is fired. The photo.
graph will show the object aimed at in n
circular picture, in the center Of which is
the shot.
The exhibition in New York of the Amer
lean institute fair photographs WAS most
gratifying to the Society of Amateur Pho
tographers, who furnished the exhibit of
the amateurs. For the most part the
awards of prizes and diplomas for merit
were satisfactory. The exhibit was large
and the work shown of an excellent char
lcter.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
A DRAWING OF THE REFORMATION.

framework and hinged to the wall so l
can turn them up instantly while sweep
ing the platform. They are left in this
position from morning, when | clear the
boards, until after the last feeding,
when | turn them down.
But the arrangement Of all this does
not Tighten the work of roost cleaning.
The box shown above the perches is the
real wizard in the operation. The cornu-
copia shaped affair coming out of its
bottom is sleeve of cloth four inches III
diameter and three feet long. The box
is filled with dry sawdust from the up
per floor or it is shoveled into window
Just over it. A false bottom Indicated
by the dotted line) throws it all to the
sleeve. never allow myself to unlock
the perches for the hens until l have
first taken the sleeve off the hook where
its free end rests and sifted a sprinkling
of the sawdust over the platform. Then
the next morning light sweeping will
easily do in one minute what pick and
shovel would work at an hour.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
American Butter in Europe,

EicOli Andersen, assistant chemist at
the Colorado agricultural experiment
station, states with truth that American
butter in Europe is deprecated, not be-
cause 1t cannot be made we'll in this
country, but it lacks the uniformity,
keeping qualities and flavor Of the Dan
ish or Schleswig- Holstein export butter
The difference is caused, he says, in q
large measure from improper treatment
while ripeniug the cream. 1t has been
shown by the Wisconsin and Texas Sta
tons that the yield of butter from
ripened cream is IL per cent. larger than
from sweet cream. II. w. Conn, of this
country; Y. Storck, Of Denmark, and IL.
Weijman, of Germany, hold that certain
bacteria play an important part in the
process Of ripening, but no study has
thus far been made of the changes that
really take place in this process.
The professor hopes to find time in
the near future to examine into this
matter from en- economical and sanitary
standpoint and demonstrate: First, what
happens when cream ripens? Second,
how does the ripening Of cream inilu-
ence the quality Of butter? Third, at
what stage is cream ripe and by what
easy test shall this be ascertained:
Fourth, a certain bacteria makes butter
tallow, tho butter principles oil, etc.
This being the case the professor queries;
Would a cream, separated By centrifu-
Gal force from q new MIXED milk after
pasteurizing (heated to 70 degs.), cool
ing and incubation with pure culture
Of the bacterian thought to produce this
so called ripening, produce n better,
more uniform butter than now obtained:
Field and Farm.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

There Is a latent devil in bull, and no
man knows when it is going to wake up
The handy and profitable beef steer
weighs from $50 to 600 pounds and
natures quickly.
The headquarters Of the Holstein-Frie-
sian Association Of America will here
after be in Boston.
Let out that checkrein. You will ruin
your horses neck, making i. stiff,
bumped and scraggy.
Permit only your best animals to be
bred. BY that means you improve your
live stock year by year.
Illinois has ,335 ,2S) Lorses, the most of
any state in the Union. Missouri has
the most mules, 245, 1872.
William Chalmers was a valued cor
respondent of The Breeders Gazette. lie
lived in Oregon and was an experienced
stockman, He was bitterly opposed to
dishorning cattle, especially bulls, con-
tending that it impaired their vigor. He
believed that a bull by kind treatment
could be trained like horse, and he
praoticed that system with his own ami
mails. And not long since Mr.. Chalmers
was gored to death in one of his own pas
ture fields by IA bull that he had petted
and treated kindly from a calf.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
s,sGasss;.;.ss s,:-,.-s
,ass|5S,ez.!s!l2aEgHsE2}Y
~.-->4'-A7sNs ssf
WINTER DklRYlNG.
The Right Cows and the Right Man
Must Come Together.

The Right Cows and the Right Man
Must Con,e Together.
II your dairy has not been paying, try
and find out where the trouble is before
going any further You know that lots
BIZ dairymen find the business profitable,
and it is confession OF weakness to adj
nit that You cannot do as well as they.
Look to yorr cows first, and see il you
have the right sort. Out OF them all if
you fnd one poor miller, or dozen, sell
such at once They will help spoil the
profit OF al the rest. Then study up on
tho feed question, and find whether you
have been feeding iudiciously, keeping
In mind that You want to feed for milk
pot for fesh.
If the cows are good and they are
properly fed the foundation is all there
for successful dairying. The rest is
merely matter of application and
proper husiness qualifications. Do not
blame the COWS IL you have not got
those. In looking into the question Of
winter dairying, and figuring upon the
probabilities OF profit to be derived from
adopting this method, it must be borne
in mind that the COWS would have to be
vintered in any event, and it is certain
II they are fed full milk ration of bran
and meal they Will not consume more
than half the amount of fodder that
would otherwise be required to winter
them. Consequently the grain fed must
not all he charged against the winter
butter, as there is such saving in fodder.
Further than this, fall cows, stabbed
and fed through the winter will increase
their yield of milk for some time when
they get to grass in the spring, especially
If some feeding is continued after they
are put On pasture, and they will not 90
dry SO long. That cows fresh in the fall
will give more milk during the year than
such az are fresh in the spring is an es-
| tablished fact. Add to this that in win
ter dairying tho bulk OF the work comes
at the season when there is little else tc
90, and you have several good reasons
for studying the subject carefully.
Running dairy Of COWS SO as to have
/ them dry III winter and have nothing tC
sell when dairy products are highest i;
not the sort Of fnancier1ng that will
make farming pay.-Nebraska State
Journal
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

Tho agricultural editor of the New
York World says:
Wheat hourshes best and is most
productive on calcareous soils-that is,
on soils that contain moro or less lime.
Rye grows we'll ON soils much lighter
and lrier. and although it does better on
lands containing some lime, it does not
require it necessarily to the same extent
that wheat does. Farmers sow rye on
soils they consider too poor for wheat,
AND therefore rye fields will usually be
found occupying the poorest soils Of the
farm. Rye endures cold better than
wheat, and is a common substitute for it
ON soils that will not grow the latter
grain with certainty and profit. Rye
sown as Il green crop in the fall may be
used for winter pasture or for soiling in
the spring, in either case furnishing
green food, which no other crop will so
well supply at the same season. When
harvested for the grain the straw of rye,
unlike that of wheat, is Il valuable part
of the crop for sale, being extensively
used for packing and bedding material,
Int on account of its tOughness and
coarSeuess it has but little value as ami
nal food.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
Sweet or Sour Crcam Butter.

There has been considerable revival of
the old war between sweet and sour
cream butter advocates since the new
extractor came into the field. This new
war has led to some excellent results.
Men have been experimenting to find
some way to prevent the alleged loss Of
butter in churning sweet cream, and,
according to Professor Meyers, of the
West Virginia experiment station, if the
sweet cream is churned at 81 dogs.
Fahrenheit it will come within forty
minutes, and with no greater loss of but
ter in the buttermilk than occurs when
sour cream is churned at &c degs. Fab
reuheit. There is still tho custom Of
marketing the two kinds of butter. The
commission merchants set their faces AS
n flint against sweet cream butter, but
Mt the same time they accept butter
made from cream that ten years ago
would have been called sweet by any
butter maker of those days. American
Agriculturist.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
Cheese Making in Ontario.

Mr.. Bells factory is considered to be
tho best in Canada. 1t was selected
for dairy school last summer, and
over eighty cheese makers were here,
staying from two days to two weeks,
taking in the milk testing and taking a
look at the way the curd is worked. For
milk testing we used Dr. Babcock's test in
connection with the Quevenne lactom-
eter, the corrected lactOmeter reading
added to the percentage OF fat. This
divided by four gives US the correct
amount Of solids not fat. Taking 8 pei
cent. for average solids in milk, we car
easily find out if any water is added, and
if 70 how much. Before setting the
milk every vat Is tried as to the ripeness
Of the milk with the rennet.
As soon as the milk is ripe rennet is
added mo color now, the milk being al
temperature Of SO dogs. Then comes
cutting, after twenty-five minutes, stir
ring is done by paddles moved by steam
power. When the curd is firm anG
shows one-sixth inch of acid, it is dipped
into a curd sink, thoroughly stirred anC
covered up, Then it is broken in pieces
turned continually and kept warm unit
it is fit for grinding, one inch of acid
In May we use Harris curd mill. Now
we use common curd cutter, driven by
steam power. The cut curd is stirred
in good shape, turned and kept warm
After some time it is tit to salt, inch OF
acid little over 25 to the 1 900. Aftel
short while, when the curd does no
feel harsh, it is put to press and 0,
pounds of cheese are made out of the
| 1000. A few times we had gassy curd
In such cases the curd is piled up ant
kept warm until the pinholes disappear
We are getting about 10000 pounds Z
day.-Cor. Creamery journal.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
Horaes of Various Nationk.

Every nation has its prejudices in IA
vor Of the horses of their own country as
the best in the world; they get educated
up to that standard type. In Scotland
they think the Clydesdale the best draft
horse, while the English are equally as
sure that the Shire is the great model
draft horse for the world. Across in
Belgium every one from peasant to the
king and queen believe that the Belgian
draft horse is BEST of all breeds, while
the Frenchmen think there is no good
draft horses outside of France. America
finds much to admire in each of these
breeds, which are being SO extensively
imported and crossed upon our native
mares and from which the American
draft horse is being evolved-the best OF
all.-Westcrn Agricuturist,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

Ground cork is the best packing
material for bees in winter. 1t never be-
comes damp, and it is thorough non
conductor. 1t is SO cheap that its cost is
practically nothing, says Tie American
Bee journal.
George L. Hilton says no believes in
handling hives and frames less, "but if
either must be handled let it be the
frames"
One apiarist leaves the packing until
the bees hang ont; then he takes it off,
even with the top of the brood nest.
An Ohio beekeeper unpacks his bees
just before the swarming fever.
A member at one of the bee meetings
said that he uses chaff packed hives and
keeps the covering over the top until
about the middle Of June. Another
member said that when the hive gets
full of live bees he unpacks it.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

Professor Smith, Of the New Jersey
agricultural experiment station, tells in
bulletin issued that his experiments
with hot water proved satisfactory.
Heated to 1875 degs. or higher the beetles
We're instantly killed, but great difficulty
was found in reaching the insects with
a sufficiently high temperature. The
bagging Of grapes is highly RECOMMENDED.
The author suggests in conclusion that
the farmer should, first, prevent the
breeding of the insects ON his own land
by using the heaviest land only for grass
and keeping as little liglH land as posi-
BILE in sod, while thorough cultivation in
May will destroy many of the pupe; Sec
ond, plant few rows of lackberries
around the vineyards to attract the first
hordes-a few rose bushes or ssirmas will
answer the same purpose; third, use early
or late blooming varieties Of grapes and
stimulate the vines by fertilizers to force
the blossoms, and by inducing a heavy
bloom get II surplus which will stand
some thinning by insects. Keep a man
with a collector constantly at work at
least once day for three weeks.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

1t always pays to use horse power and
q scraper to excavate soft earth. | have
just had a cellar for a house 10 by "a by
80 and feet deep eXcayated. 1t was
done by team, Il man and boy, a
scraper and u spade, and cost me $0.75.
a similar job done by hand labor cost
over twenty dollars 1t is a question if
Italian sand shovelers' are cheap even
at one dollar per day. A Yankee, with
a good team and a quick boy, can dc
more effective work than Il whole gang
Of ignorant foreigners, writes CORE
spondent in Country Gentleman.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

The famous Roast Beef Of Old Eng
land" which has been made a theme for
poets, orators and statesmen, came in q
great measure from oxen which did the
farm work while they were growing into
beef. Nobody praises tho present beef
as the old beef was praised!
a Manitoba farmer writes as follows
to Rural New Yorker: "My team con-
ssts of three steers, which in this coun-
try are worked in harness. My collars
are made of poplar, with a stout haine
strap at the bottom and a piece Of wood
across the top, hinged in front of the
hame, on g-inch carriage bolts; l Use
good leather lines and bits in their
mouths. This summer they worked on
the mower and rake and cut sixteen
acres with a heavy binder on rough
ground. believe dis team is better for
any farmer than horses which are not
strictly first class. Some may say that
cattle We're not intended for bits, but if
they look inside the mouth of a steer they
will learn better. Mine can eat, drink
and ruminate quite well. OF course |
feed grain when working hard, but when
idle they are cheaply kept" a picture
of the collar is shown at Fig. /. This is
a front view, a \ representing mortised
holes for the traces, keyed in front.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
HARNESS FOR OMEN.

Fig. Q shows the head and shoulders of
an OK with the collar, traces and lines in
place. Breeching and "belly bands" are
never used. The trace should draw from
Il point about half way between the
points of the shoulder. We do not know
what breeds of steers make the best
"horses," but suppose the lighter, active
animals, like Jerseys or Devons, are best.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
Frank I-eslie's
ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER
ARKELL WEEKLY co. PRoPRIEToRA


New York, Nov. aS
Eaifor Free Press, BwliAgton, H.:
DEAR SIR We take it for
granted that you have seen the
issue of Frank Leslie's Weekly
under date of November 2rst,
which is so unique that it has at
tracted public attention. every
where. If you have not, we beg
to state that we have added to it
a front page printed in colors by
a process which equals Judge.
We have also added special de-
partment which appeals to the
children; also a department Of
Graphology, or the art of reading
ones character from his hand
writing
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
ERMkNss:gs.s:s:::z,.,,.,ss;
sssess'1CHR}BBgRA
A Tine SAVING DEVICE.

A Reformation In the Poultry House
which 1t VIII Pay Farmers to Adopt.
Some day look Into half dozen poul-
try houses when you are driving ont and
poe how few, even of the improved ones,
ore kept clean. This one piece Of work
is the great bugbear in the business.
Why? First, it is a dirty job, becoming
stillmore disagreeable by neglect; second,
it takes SO much time that it is put off.
1t is easy and not unpleasant to keep the
roosts clean, if il be done every morning
and in the right way, afirms CORE
spondent in the Philadelphia Farm
Journal. who writes about the matter i'll
this way:
BY watching things found that my
chicken roosts took moro of my time
than all other poultry affairs, so l just
set about correcting them. ] give you II
drawing of the reformation. | first built
a smooth droppings board and then
nailed trough just under its outer
edge. These are stationary. Then I got
q soap box and put it under the end of
the trough. The perches are built in q
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

Professor Babcock recommends the
addition Of potash at the rate of one
,scruple to the pint Of milk in testing,
where the moisture from the sulphuric
acid has tendency to make the tester
feel sick.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07

mails, which do
nothing but eat,
sleep and grow
fat. These work
ing oxen show a
greater proper
ton Of lean meat.
Does their exer-
else mako the
beef tough and
stringy! Who can
e..
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1892-01-07
OXEN IN HARNESS.
An illustrated Account of tho Manner
ca, 4 "a, w - cd q Ii hnirfa YIN n,

An illustrated Account of the Manner
Oxen Are " Cckcd on some Farms.
On many Vermont farms most of the
work is still done by oxen. One fte-
uuently sees farmer with IL yoke Of
oxen and one horse hitched ahead. Many
Of these oxen are high grads Dsgons, not
particularly heavy. bat active, fast walk
ers and very intelligent. Dishorning is
not practiced much in New England
states, particularly with working oxen,
as tho horns are needed in keeping the
big OK Jokes in place. They are cut off
nt the ends and little brass balls are
screwed ON, There are hundreds Of just
such oxen to be found on tue hill farms
of New England. In Maine and parts
of New Hampshire more Hersfords are
used; they are heavier than the Devons,
with better necks and shoulders, but not
SO active and smart. These working
oxen are finally sold for beef. The farm
e1s claim that they mako sweeter and
iucier beef than the lazy, palnpered ami