davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
td-Wintor Excursion 90 Washington via
u, 4 O, IL, H.

On Thursday, January II, the 3. &. 0.
K. Il. will begin their annual series Of
underwater excursions TO Washington
from Parkersburs, Wheeling, Pittsburgh
AID al! intermediate stations TO Wash
ington junction, Md. For this, rs Tor
similar excursions during preceding
winters, tho L. & o: will offer an exceed
inGly low rate, an uncXcellcd train Scr
vice, and every accommodation neccs-
sary for the comfort and convenience Of
passenscrs-all OF which should render
tho trip very desirable one. With
each succee'ing season these excursions
to the national capital are growing in
popular favor
Washington is full OF attractions. 1t
always is. Congress is in session. The
public buildings, the White House, tho
museums and the art galleries are al
ways open to visitors free OF charge.
Then, too, there are to be seen tho ele-
CANT private residences. The broad ave-
nues, the spacious parks and the num-
berless monuments.
Tickets will DO valid for return pas
sage ten days after day OF sale, allowing
ample time for visiting AIT. Vernon,
Old Point Comfort, Richmond, and
other adjacent points.
Tickets from Pittsburgh. Wheeling
and intermediate points to Alartinsburg,
are valid TO Baltimore.
Trains leave Wheeling at 6:l0 n. IN.
and 6:l0 p. H., and for these two trains
only will tickets be sold. Pullman par
lor cars without change on morning
train and Pullman sleeping cars on
evening train.
Round trip rate. $40. Corresponding
ly low rates from other stations.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05

Persons troubled with colds or the
grip will find some pointers in the fol.
lowin" letter from prominent Penn
sylvania druggist:
BRADDocE, Pa, October 90, 1891.
Ncssrs Chamberlain Il Co., Dts aoincs, fora
GEHTLEMES:--You viii please ship mo
as soon rs possible one gross Chamber
lain's Cough Remedy. Out OF the sixty
dozen you have shipped Inc in the last
two years ! have only one dozen and a
halfloft. l think from the sales to date
this fall that our sales this winter vii!
be greater than ever. It gives me pleas
ure to say that out Of the whole amount
that I have sold and guaranteed 1haye
not had one customer say that it did
not give all tho relief claimed for it.
Yours truly,
DAw AL. MAGGISI.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
THE DUBLIN CASTLE EXPLOSION.
Various Theories ms to Its Cnuse--Alr
Davitt Suggests nh Explanation.

LONDON, Jan. THE explosion Mt
Dublin Castle has brought out many
theories 10 account for the affair. Tho
conservative organs rs rule have
placed the responsibility upon tho
shoulders OF tho leaders OF tho "rhysi.
cal force party, and this has h~ the
effect OF drawing from Mr.. Michael
Davitt n letter, which hc sent to the
IimcS for publication.
In this letter Mr. Dnvitt protests that
1t Is cowardIyfor tho Times 10 insinuato
TINT tho explosion might DO traced 10
his friend Ford. Mr. Dnvitt Gays 1t ~
moro probable, as tho 1MltES friend
Piggott is doad, TINT that paper has un-
other agent TO preach tho gospel OF
dynamite MS pigo,t did tho gospel OF
forgery. Nj. Davitt also suggests that
the explosion was duo to one OF tho gov
erninont who caused it with the object
OF influencing tho coming election IN
Nosendalc to I'll tho vacancy in tho
house Of commons caused by the olova-
ton OF Lord harrington, now the Duke
oil DGvonshire, to tho house OF lords.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05

BALTIMORE, Nd, Jan. 4.-John Dictel,
who was known to dime museum visit
ors as ''the latest man in America
has been placed in vault here. Ser
vices were conducted by Rev. n. Burk-
art at the home OF the dead mans
mother The coffin was feet & inches
long, 35l inches wide, and % inches in
depth. AT the time OF his death in Gin
cinnati he weighed about 42O pounds.
Itrcquired the strength OF ten men 10
bear the coffin from the wagon to tho
vault. No hearse large enough to carry
the coffin could be secured, and so the
remains were taken to the cemetery in
one of the wagons OF the undertakes.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
BRAppocK, Pa. October 90, 1891.

DIV
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05

New York, Dec. 4.-"Prinz" Won
who has caused SO much an
noyance TO the family OF Jay Gould by
insisting that Miss Helen Gould should
marry him was pronounced insane at
Bellevue Hospital to-day and will be
sent to the asylum on Wards Island to-
morrow. His hallucination is that all
gels arc whispering to him and breath
ing inspiration to him.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05

pAnls, Jan. An. Rbot, the French
foreign minister. has created 4 bad i'm
preston in Russia by instructing the
French ambassador at st. Petersburg
to Intervene in favor OF Paris Jewish
firm in danger OF public prosecution for
trying to sell large quantities Of adul-
teratcd flour in the famine stricken
provinces and claiming reduced rates
OF transit.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
AN UNIQUE ARGUMENT.
A Lawyer WHO Advocates tho Fostcrii

A Lawyer Who Advocates tho Fostering
: OF Dives In tho Metropolis.
New York, Jan. AT the meeting
OF the.telnpcrance union in the Grand
Opera House yesterday, Joseph Laird,
y New York lawyer, advocated the fos-
tcring Of dives in the city as IN outlet
ior the social impurity OF society. They
would also, no maintained, bea stand
inr lesson to the better elements OF So
ciety and would have wholesome. eti
feet on them. So long, said Mr.. Laird,
rs the Hoffman house remained and
football games brought nabobs to tho
city to make its streets q public place
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05

Our enterprising druggists, the Logan
Drug Co., WHO carry the finest stock of
drugs, perfumerles, toilet articles,
brushes, sponrs, etc, arc giving away
Il large number OF triul bottles Of Dr..
Miles celebrated Restorative Ncrvinc.
They guarantee it to euro headache
dizziness, nervous prostration, sleeples5.
ness. the i'll effects OF spirits, tobacco,
coffee, etc. Druggist say it is the great
est seller they ever knew, and is univcr-
sally satisfactory. They also guarantee
DIR. Miles New Heart Cure in nil cases
Of nervous or organic heart disease, pal
pitation, pain in side, s,nothcring, etc.
Fine book on NERVOUS and Heart Dis
eases" free. 1
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
What It win Save,

PARIS, Jan. 4.-Thc special joint SEN
ate and house committee on printing,
which has been at work since last
March endeavoring to reform the prac.
tice followed in printing and distrbut-
ing public documents, has completed
its work and has prepared a bill that
will save SSO0,000.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
Tho Grin In Belgium,

BRUSSELS, Jan. 4,--lntuenza is raging
all over Belgium. Many cases of tho
disease, including number Of fatal
ones, have occurred among the mem.
bcrs OF the model colony for lunatics ut
Gheot. All the schools at Malines have
been closed on account Of the influenza
endemic.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05

OF dobnuchory, then lot these dives re.
main. These diYos should DO allowed
to remain just 80 long as tho Repub.
lean or Democratic party allowed tho
liquor interests to lead them by the
nose. They will, in time, so sickcn the
people of this country that they will
insist OH reform.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05

"Now is tho winter OF our discomfort
malo glorious summer by Ayers Sar-
saparilla. This wonderful medicine so
invigorates the system and enriChcs
the blood tllAt cold weather becomes
positively enjoyable, Arctic explorers
would do well TO make notu OF this.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
State of Ohio, City OF Toledo, | !.


Frank j. Cheney makes oath that he
is the senior partner OF the firm OF +. ].
Cheney 4 Co., doing business in tho
city OF Toledo, county and state aiore.
said, and that said firm will pay the sum
OF one hundred dollars for each md
every case OF Ca.arrh that cannot DO
cured by the use OF Halls Catarrh Cure.
FRAME J. CHENEY.
Sworn to before me and subscribed in
my presence, this 9Th day OF December,
a. y. 1856. A.'W. GLEASON,
[Seal. Notary Public.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internal.
ly and acts directly upon the blood aud
mucous surfaces Of the system. Send for
testimonials, free.
+. ]. CHENEY & Co., Toledo, Q.
Sold by druggists, IS cents.
Q
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1892-01-05
for Infants and Children.

"Thc uso OF 'Cngtotla Is so universal nnd
its merits so VOL known that II EcGnls work
OF rupcrerogatinn to endorse Il. Fow arc the
Intelligent families who do not keep Castoria
within easy reech."
CARLOS MARTYR, DID,
New York City.
Late Pastor Bloomlpgdalo Reformed Church
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
THE CHICAGO CONVENTION.
Wilson, of West VirIipia, is Perma-
nsnt Chairman.
PROBABLY No BALLOT TO DAY.

CHICAGO, June.1--The Convention
is assembling slowly, ani tneguilrries
are fun.
lib 4. Mt is gaid that tho anti
Cleveland men Will make a tight on
the question OF abrogd.,u- the rules
in order To prevent u ballot being
reached.
ll:35 a. M.--Convontion just called
L" order. Boies banner just carried
IN amid cheering all over the Hall.
l2:OI =. M.---CrcdcuUalS Committee
report II unanimous report favoring
the seating of regular Aiubamu dele
gates, while contestants arc given
seats on the floor. The same course
WAS taken III regard TO Pennsylvania.
Ohio and Utah. Nov Mexico and
Arizona will 10 given scags on Con-
vcntion floor.
1910 p. M.-.-Thc report OF tho com.
mittee on Credentials was u,tlni-
mously adopted. and the report of tho
committee on Permanent Organ cation
was called for.
l2:l2--Wilson, OF West Virginia,
chosen Permanent Chairnnu and re-
port OF committee on Permanent Or.
ganization adopted.
l2:2J--The committee cscorting
Chairman Wilson have entered TIE
Hall. Wilson just took The platform.
Delegates and galleries clearing.
Campbell, Of Ohio, madc IN adj.
dross, and wanted Democrats TO keep
their eyes on Ono next November.
llousill, Of PENNSYLVANIA, waa asked
tn address Convention.
Gov. Bob Taylor, OF T~onncsscc, was
invited 10 make m address. IIo said
he wac not well enough.
Cochrano roRe TO u point Of order
and said IL was impossible 10 boar the
proceedings ON account OF Uiulcg be-
ing filled with people. Chairman
asltcd all to take their E,ats.
1.-THE above ie all 40 have received
up to tho hour OF going TO prcaa. tho
prospects for n ballot TO day being
considered very pOor..-EO.l
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
RECENT sCiENrifiC FINDS.

TU=Tc u a tract Of ground in Levy
county, Fla, in which three holes have
been dug thirty feet apart and cach cx-
cavation has laid pare parts of tho skcl-
eton Of n huge animal.
PROF. BICKMoRE recently exhibited in
New York n variety Of frog whose fore
and hind fingers are wcbbcd so that It
can fly, in the manner of the lyinq
squirrel, from tree to tree. These frogs
inhabit Borneo.
a SPECIMEN of capped petrol, n bird
supposed to be extinct, or ut least n lost
species, was found recently i'll England.
The original home of the petrol is said to
have been the islands of st. Domingo
and Gaudaloupc.
~ NEW species of mammal allied
to the nnt-caters has been rcccat!y dis
covered in Sumatra and described by q
Dutch naturalist. 1t has n long tongue
which is of use in collecting ants, whose
nests 1t digs out with its long claws.
TIE recent discovery of prehistoric
copper implements on the site Of an an
cicnt Indian village near Bcttcrton,
Nd, Is considered az furnishing another
n in h chain OF evidence that
among the most rcmotc tribes there ex-
listed Il system of intcrtribal trade.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
MILITARY TRAINING.
Thousands of Boye Annually
Grounded In tho Use of Arms
Institutions Throughout tho Country
Where Officers Are Stationed for
the Instruction OF Prospoe-
tive Soldiers.

The Importance attached to popular
military education is shown bv the in
Gliding in the official army register a
list of the students who stand highest
in the military courses taught by army
officers Mt some schools and colleges.
AS many us fifty subalterns may now DC
detailed as instructors of tactics in col
lcgcs ind academies and forty-ciyht
such institutions were, Mt the last Of
fetal report, enjoying this privilege.
They are scattered all over the country,
from the Maine state college to the Uni
vcrsity of California, and from the Uni
vcr5ity OF North Dakota to the Agri-
cultural college of Texas. There are
also iTc retired oficcrs-two captains
and three lieutcnants-in charge of in
sntutions ut Mount Pleasant, Fcribault,
Garden City. Pccliskill and Portland.
Probably few people nave reflected To
what extent this form of popular mill
tary cihcation is carried ON. The stu
tistics show that last year more than
seven thousand Of the pupils at these in
stitutions received military instruction.
1t is compulsory in over half of them
and in most of the remainder IL is
compulsory on part of the classes,
the senior or graduating class being
most likely to be exempt. In only
three or four cases is it purely optional
for everybody. Six of the institutions
have military camping, four have
marches for instruction, exactly hale
have target practice with small arms
II six have practice with artillery. In
most cases the rifles are the property of
the United States, but in seven or eight
instances the state furnishes them and in
two they belong to the college. In gen
cral, the condition of these arms WAS
good, but the New York Ledger uc-
knowlcdgcs there were Il few notable
exceptions.
In all hut one of the institutions mill
tary uniforms nrc worn. There Is II
great difference in the amount of mill
tary Wort; done, II institution having
only n single drin per week, while one
holds ten. In some cases the officer has
other duties, particularly rs instructor
III mathematics, while civil engineer
ing French and drawing are subjects
for which Il few are called upon, us also
are the inspection of rooms. assistance
i'll discipline. and so on. In some in
stances this extra duty is literally re-
iIaburscd. Thus the Nevada university
gives a comp. nsation of twelve hundred
dollars n year, while the Mississippi
college gives eight hundred dollars. IL
is clear that, while this system of popu-
lar military education is still capable Of
much Improvement. it furnishes tho
most economical method which the gog-
crnmcnt can employ for this purpo1r.
Year after year thousands Of young
men receive through drills and le.tu-.i
the clements of II military training, and
some, who in turn h"rnmc teachers, may
repeat the lessons Cor their pupils.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
TIE SILVER PLANK.

From n dirpntch in the SIM Frnn-
cisco E.rumimcr. dated Chicago, juno
Dist, wc tnko tho following:
We donounco the Sherman law Of
1890, aud demand It's unconditional
repeal. We favor free coinugc. both
OF gold mud silver, on such basis as
Will maintain tho two metals on a
parity with cRCh otlior.
IL IN quito probable that tho finan-
cinl plank Of Chairman Joncs' plat
form will bO somewhat modified, ns
tho committee received with favor
tho following resolution, adopted 10y
the conference Of silver State dcle-
gates, and introduced in tho commit
too by ono Of thclr representatives.:
We donounCc tho characterization Of
B,ivcr 10y fraudulent legislation Of tho
Republican Congress al 1873 Ga u
Crlinc against the people and one 81 n
long liuo OF nets by which TINT party
has systematically taliru tho money
and property of tho country from tho
producers and toilura for tho benefit
Of capitalists aud creditors.
Therefore wo demand tho immo.
diatc repeal Of oil laws discriminating
against tho coinage Ot silver ON an
equality with gold, and demand tho
restoration Of silver Ia tho position
md full legal status occupied by it.
from tho foundation Of tho Govern.
mont until ia demonstration by tho
Republican party.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
BUSHES

Go 70 Ben Craighcud's for SOFA
wator on ice. "
Banjo. violin aul guitar strings, n
line assortment. ut Muiler's.
Tou.To Pain Bulm. Magic Salyo and
all tho pawnco McdlcIaes San DO had
at the Gem Jcwolry Store. II
Protect your weak eyss from Tho
injurious effect of sun and snow glass
by getting n pair OF dark glasses at
Muller's.
IL you want to have your jowclry
repaired by u frat clnsB workman, nj
reasonable prices, take it to Sam
Ncuschwandcr, at Nye's old stan
y ino dieplny Of al yer wurc,fancy
dishes, lampR, knives, forks, spoons,
ctc., ut tho Ell. NJ. Co.'S. Cali and
inspect these goods. which aro tho
finest in their line ever brought 10
Eliio.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
FARM FACTS.

No GRAIN OF any kind can be shipped
from Russia till after the harvesting Of
the next crop.
THERE is n scarcity Of clover and grass
seeds in England, the United States and
New Zealand.
OwISG TO rust in wheat, Cape Colony
hns recently been compelled TO import
brcadstufrs largely from Australia.
MANY settlers at Nucvn Plata in the
Argentine Republic are planting trees,
which, they believe, will pay better than
corn or wheat.
EXPORTS from New Zealand Of ngri.
cultural produce, wool, flax, frozen and
preserved meat, declined largely toward
the close Of last year.
PRINCE EDWARD island grows very
good wheat, and probably better oats
than most parts of the dominion. The
island is also noted for it's large crops of
excellent potatoes.
CoLoSIAL butter Is now beating that
of Normandy in tho English market, tho
reason being that the colonial produce
Is all pure grass butter, while the con-
tincntal and English products nro from
fOhdpr-fCd cows.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
a Close Gail.

This morning as the wrst bound
passenger tram was pulling into town,
and whom Il WAS nearing tho FIGURING
mill, p. Il. Wore, with u four. horse
tea.a, started 10 cross tho railroad at
thu west end ~ tho Will, tho track
from Tint point bejn; oUscurcd from
view, when tho train came along, and,
from eye witnesses we learn that the
engiGo did not miss hls wagon more
than n couple of feet. Ths team got
frightened AMI ran away but we're got
under control without any damage.
II was Il narrow escape and should
DO II warning TO all to look cut for
trains nj that point, AS it is n danger.
Gus crossing.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
a Deserved Compliment.

Recently tho Experiment Station
isRuod n bulletin on the crcnmcry
question. IL was an oxcoliontly we'll
written bulletin, and gavo a lino pro.
sontntion OF the subject. Tho othor
day Regent Fish received n letter
from tho Agricultural Department. or.
d"ring 1900 copies Of it.. They suid it
was tho best bulletin that was over 10
sued on tho subject In tho United
States. This speaks very we'll for
the work being dOno by tho Nevada
Experiment StatiUn.-iitenu JOu,WoL
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
Cassidy ON SCwInniS.

Mr.. Nowlands made "A bad job ot il
nt Minneapolis, no far ns FREQ coinnGv
is concerned. We hope he will hayo
battcr luck at Chicago. But Of which
purity, or what party, ia Mr. Nowlands
n Delegate to thcso various political
rnihcr'ugsI II tho Chronicle 10 cor.
rect, ho ia slO3hing around va though,
h" owned the cntirc works Of ali tho
p%Hftics. IL gcoms that lie hns not
fully determined yot whether wo
shall iiud him in Nevada this Fail 40
II i~'cpubiisnn, u DemGcrnt or lula.
pendent. We suppose, however, tho
world will continue TO movo no matter
where he lands Eureka Sentinel
~ - sSss4zAgA Irz.H.sresz ess,assp
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26

A surprise party WAS given last
night at the rcEilCnce or JAS. Clars,
to Miss Lois Fuller, OF Chicago, who
ia here visiting her cousin Miss Ifuttie
Clark. At tho appointed hour, 8
O'Clock, a large number OF friends rs
sCmDlui ut the Puri"r Of the Depot
lIote. aud marched TO tho residence
whore various SO ial games, ius,ru.
mental and vocal music was INDUCED
in until about hali past H., when al
rcpa;iol 90 the dining room Of tho
Depot llo.el where was sprcnd tho
uHual r~sfteshmcuts. Attcr pIrtRkiug
of the may good things tho mcrry
aCscmb:agc bid Miss Fuller good night
and dIsp srscd for thor homes.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
& DiGcrsncn OF Opinion.

W. T.. Sharon, % Virginia City, re-
ports that WHO East recently no mot
n ronnaylvanian who was ON his WY
homo from tho Minneapolis Conven.
ton. "fou people Of tho West" said
the Pcnnsylvnninn, "arc wild 90 tho
silver question, You want us to pay
leo cents for 40 ccntg worth OF silver"
"PHrdon mo for correcting YOU" said
Mr.. Sharon. "but you aro mistaken.
You charge us 100 cSnts, 20 cents of
which ~ duo 10 tho turiT, for 20 cents
worth Of iron aud YOU want us To pay
you Gi.3D worth Of Giiy,r for 20 c,nts
worth Of IRON" yhc Pcnnsylyunian
changed the subject.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1892-06-26
tFRoM FnrpAY's DAILr.l
SALMAGUNDI

]. g. Fitch, OF Wells, was iu town
today.
Local ews is very scarce at pres
ent.
Live and let live" is not tho motto
oil the 1.-Two electric wire.
Chas. Happier. catcher OF the Carlip
base ball nine, cnrne up this morning.
California showed her gold bug
prociivities when she cast her full IS
votes for Cleveland.
Seven Southern States are up in
arms against Wall Street aud will not
support Cleveland or Harrison.
To-day is st. Johns Day and the
Masonic flag is Heating from the staff
On their Hall in accordance herewith.
Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Montana.
Nevada, and New York, cast solid
votes in the Convention against Glove
land.
Sam CASTOR was taken sick yester.
day md is nov confined TO his bed
IL Is nothing serious however and he
hopes to be out again soon.
The silver convention mt Reno to,
day elected Thos. Wren chairman
and adjourned until 3 p. g.. 10 allow
committees time To make up reports
An advertisement 10 the Candclaria
Chloride Belt calls for 80 miners tc
work for the Mt. Diabiu company
which expects u resume operations
July lst.
Mr.. Joseph Delaney, an cld-time
printer. who has been in the northotn
pnrt OF this county Tor the past ten
or twelve years, came down yesterday
aud left tins morning for Denver.
Prof. Daley, will give "A social dance
at Freeman Hall tomorrow night at
which Il Luuber Of new dances will
bc danced. Admission 81 por couple.
II you want TO have a good timo take
IL in.
Bishop Leonard is expected to mr.
rive on this evenings train and will
hold services in ST. pauls church this
evening at 1870 o'clock. when he will
administer the rite OF confirmation.
All are IN vited.
Mrs. Grac" Hoskins, a lady over GO
years of age, attempted suicide in
Virginia City last Tuesday by cutting
her throat with a razor. She had
been suffering for years with a NAL
ady which at times rendered her in
sane, and during one Of these spells
she committed tho rash act. The
doctors pronounce her wounds fatal.