The record-union., 1892-10-14
FARM And ORCHARD.
Breeders Associations Adopting
the Advanced Registers.

Poultry On Large Scale-Does Butter
Production Exhaust vitalftys-Treat
the Cows Gently-Feed the Straw
Treatment for Milk Fever-Give the
Horse a Bath-Care of Warehouses
| at Noon-American Titles.
| A thoroughbred scrub is the most
hopeless and worthless of all scrubs.
AS Darwin's theory Of evolution rests
upon the survival of the fittest,'' so the
evolution of improved breeds rests upon
process of selection with view of de-
velopment of certain desirable qualities
and prepotency to transmit such qualities.
This tendency is not uniform, and all
breeds develop individuals varying
widely in typical characteristics, and in
value. Now the temptation is very
strong to sell such animal at reduced
prices to amateur breeders instead of de-
stroying their capacity to represent the
race as should be done. Such breeders
form and scatter through their commun-
lty an opinion of the breed based upon
such as they have had, reasoning that all
animals with pedigree should be prac-
tically identical. Whenever any breed
has gained enough reputation to be in
profitable demand spectators will enter
the market to buy the cheapest animals
that will pass for that breed, and sell
| them on the reputation made by better
animals. Owners of such often think
that they have the best, and expect to re-
ceive premiums upon animals that are
far below average.
Again, people buy and breed without
any clear idea Of the special purpose for
which the breed is intended, and you
will see herds of milking stock being i'm
proved in the direction of beet, to the
sacrifice of qualities distinguishing the
race. And such people wonder bye and
bye why blooded stock won't sell. Now
to improve standard of breeding and di-
rect attention to points for which breed
is propagated, breeders associations have
| begun to adopt advance registers.
To be eligible to entry here an animal
must scale a certain number of points
and have record for performance which
is at least above average for the breed.
For instance, trotting horse is not
standard unless the individual, his sire
and dam, or his progeny are in the 2:3O
| list.
Let US hope for the time when there
viii be similar early maturity standards
for beef breeds, butter and milk stand
ards for dairy breeds, standards of wool
and weight for sheep, and so on through
the list of improved stock. That would
soon place such animals as were ineligible
to advanced registry in the same position
as grades now are, and practically rule
them out Of competition as thorough
breds. Thus it would accomplish more
than almost any one step we could take
to improve standard Of breeding and en-
nance prices of first-class stock.
Breeders are not yet strong enough in
numbers in California to secure all adj
vantages to be gained from this course,
but all should have organizations con-
nected with similar bodies in the East,
should have an Inspector and Secretary
of advanced registry, and should hold
annual meetings at the State Fair whose
proceedings should be a part of its record.
POULTRY ON A LARGE SCALE.
It does not always follow that because
one is successful in raising poultry on q
small scale that proportionate success
will come when they are reared by the
hundreds. The conditions are somewhat
changed then. A retail merchant may
make money at his business and vet
prove an entire failure if he entered into
the wholesale business. Nevertheless, if
the work is understood, there is more
| profit in poultry on large scale than in
a small way, but to make it one must
study the business from the beginning.
| The most successful wholesale poultry
men are those that started in a humble
way and worked up their business to a
gigantic one.
| Poultry raising on a large scale de-
mands special study. One cannot reason
| that if one hen makes profit of 81 90 a
year, therefore 200 will make 81 500 clear
profit. In large 1ocks it will be necessary
! to increase the size of the farm, so that there
will be a larger initial outlay and the in
terest on this money must be considered.
| There will be great deal Of loss from
deaths and crowding if one is not careful
! Different sanitary conditions will come
| into existence. A dozen or two chicks on
| a farm will not breed any disease to speak
of, but when several hundred are kept
there. new and strange diseases will
break out. An epidemic will carry Off
| half the flock unless precautions are
| taken beforehand.
But in another way there are many adj
vantages in raising poultry on large
scale. Feed can be bought by wholesale
quantities and quite saving will be re-
allied in this way. New blood and poul-
| try can be purchased at wholesale prices
and disinfectapts and medicines likewise
should all be purchased in large lots. 1t
is such small trifies that makes poultry
raising on large scale successful. Every
small item of expense and loss must be
magnitied in the poultryman's eyes until
| he has reduced it to the lowest minimum
AS in all wholesale business, there should
be no leaks, no breaks and no unac-
counted-for items of expense.
1t is necessary to divide the poultry
into fiocks of about fifty each and let each
| flock be separated from all the others. A
greater number than this will cause
crowding and breed disease and vermin.
Give each flock a large range of wood
land or grass to roam through. Where
| land is cheap this can be easily DONE and
| it will do more toward preventing dis
ease than any other measure. If there is
a small running brook on the place, maxi
each tenced-in range touch the brook at
| some point. One cannot realize how
healthful this is to poultry in summer
| time. They will drink more of the water
| than if supplied to them in cans and
troughs and it will always be cool and
| fresh. Care must be taken to see that no
disturbing element is introduced into the
| flock Sometimes cross hen or Young
rooster will worry and brighten the hens
SO that it is necessary to remove the dis
turber at once.
The hen-house and roosting-place
should be empty in the daytime Keep
the poultry out in the cool range, and
give the house thorough airing. Make