The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-17
WAKEMAN'S TRAVELS.
IN GALICIA-I.

L
antry.
CRACow, AUSTRIA, April 5.-There are
two European Galicias Each Of these in
their peasant life possesses great interest to
the traveller. Spanish Galicia, comprising
the north western provinces Of Pontenedra,
Lugo, Coruna and Orense, will ever hold for
me the most tender recollections. Its Gal
Logan folk are the bravest, most patient aud
loyal in all the world. They love their rug
ged mountain land with SO passionate 4
devotion that they will suffer untold pri.
walton and even death before they will give
nup. They become the "Gallegan dog''
servants of all Spain, Portugal and Italy
for half their lives, bearing inconceivable
contumely, sacrifice and suffer-
ing that they may finally come back to their
dreary crags and wild and almost sterile
glens, to the ownership of a little cabin, a
tiny ratch Of land and the to them blessed
right to lay their bones in the same graves
as those who have labored, sacrificed and
died, in precisely the same way, for ages
before them. They are dumb folk, but not
even a spanish monarch has ever dared at
tempt their enslavenent.
Tie other Galicla is less tender and win
some in any OF its aspects. 1t is indeed i'm
measurably more sJmber and tragic. IL is
Austrian Poland.
Every oae re uembers the history of
ancient Poland; It's line of warrior kings its
SPLENDID and unrewarded victories for
Christianity over the Turks; its great uni
vegs.tes; even lis wonderful medieval lit
eraura, Its ktngly c0muoaers and its peas
ant III g5 aud tue final treachery of Russiss
Catherine, which led TO repeated d smem-
lermeut AID partition Of old Poland by
Russia, Germany and Austria with the
iorror5Cf 100 years of lnsurr ectiOn, murder.
slavery aNd despotism that followed
1t is all too horrible to dwell upon. Aus
tras portion out OF tue Polish murder and
rapine, t7Hl.cia, comprises al area OF over
5000 square miles, bounded north and cas-
by r ssh, OF the south by Hungary AMI
Is kJyiuG, and on the ives, by Prussia and
AuNrial Sues,a. Fully 100000 souls oo-
cln this area.
Oh e5e alb u 2.250OOO are Rusniaks-
h.erchaugsa1iy called Russinen, Ruthsnens
tu Eutlenia s, whom | shall call Ruth
ia Ia these papers, and who are Of
RI s.Ia SC OK ami tongue. A million and
aA.f are Jews. The remainder are about
equally divided between Austrian and
Russian Germans.
4 most the entire mob ;lity are Of Polish
extraction and ale country loving and liv-
Ing psaple. The lessantry are all Poles aud
hg,ngnlaus. 1t viii therefore be readily
sel that naariy the entire inhabitants Of
Guiician towns and cities are Polish Jews
AID Germans the former greatly predomI-
nqtiug To illustrate. this ancient city
Wa, Sc population does not exceed 50 900
Souls, contains g 900 Je as. Lemberg, COM
merciaHy the lea ling city Of GalicIa, has
G-,UoJ Jews among its 10000 people. And
have file word of friend, a Canadian
resident @. kJiOmeI, that amoUg the $4,000
iahaUtauts of he latter city more than
2L0'O are Jews.
lrlr ica'ly then, Austrian Galicia pre-
seats TO study four classes-the Polish and
RutaoDia1 peasantry who, whie thsoreti-
ca.ly free en-, are more slavlsh than slaves
tho eHcleLt Polish nobility who are either
lieo ami great enough to live almost rega!ly
IN Berlin, London or Paris, or home-loving
Ell ugh 10 live upon their own e8tates soms-
tllng after the simple and patrisrchal man
Ter Ji Count Tolstoi, not very far 10 the
Vrta OF them; the Jews who financially
oEn both peasant AID master body and soul,
as well as all business affairs of every name
ad nature; and the military who relent-
lesly control them all.
us,rtau rule over its share of fallen Po-
land, hlch for the first three quarters of a
oDtlry after its seizure was quite as cruel
a' that X the Russian plunderers to the
Ar.h, has had the virtue Of not having re-
t2Med is more barbarous iniquities. Il is
SUI lnposs ole to escape the cla0g of the
8ter, tie jingle Of the spur the challenge
OIL Tie sentry and the almost intoleraole In
s-eDce of the omniDresent soldiery.
l4eee Uniformed tyrants are in every
railway carriage or station. They accom-
taay every coach. They dog the stranger
Fm hotel TO count yside and back
a1san with imperturbable etrrontery.
tAey enter the home at will. and by
laa'T goddess presence sully every sanctu-
afy aud polute every shrine while spies are
~ lh.cS-swarming among all classes in the
E15e of officials, merchants. artisans, la =
poFeis peasants end comprising in one form
4 vi Iper more THAI One-twentetl Of the en-
ure ,anon-that the very air is said to
listen IN Galicia
Despite all this the Austrian Poles of
ua4tla live "Im Paradise" in contrast
@.H Their brethren, ten miles north of the
wy, Ia Russian Poland. The electoral re-
sIA aw OF 1878 gave the Galician Poles
G1eCt elections to the Vienna assembly
districts, thus breaking down the old
.anh.sh national Polish interest The gov
rI"leAt mas wisely encouraged agricultural
i|o'Ins and awakened an cumulative spirit
e'"eel native Poles and Ruthenians and
Is small but thriving German agricult-
sa CIJhles. Ana among other sensible
80 ~ HtS uOu6 Cne one tnlng which
'.yuld be first and best done in every farm
x c'mmunity in the world-built roads
,S sa' VIII vie IN their enduring qualities with
b. uuest to be found IN England or New
M U!e9d IN wandering through Galicia, l
a "ou certain but that | would count
grand Galician roads as the gre test
b,5 OIL blessings Of all time to the peasant
- heir general direction has been
~ 'CSIueI by the course of the great chain
H,Crar pathlan mountains which forms the
ss-'ual boundary on the south.
p1t""ay down in the southeast corner of
srSoI ma, over against wild and untrav-
sroo, hessarabia aud wilder Moldavia this
nero artery of Galician life and COM
, oeglns. Thence to the northeast
ta, t'saes through Kolomea, which has re-
Hs ~ come into prominence from being
rafr9ItSe CT operations in tho new Galician
.v suin ueldS. Thence, through the val
Eiooo' tne Pruth into the valley Of the
w6sr.eeF ' II touches ancient Stanislavov,
tn NC IL pears north to Lem5erg, the CEN
Lent auu greatest city OF Galicla. From
arrr,d <, 1t winds like the Carpathians
ag,io-,t 70 tGe west and passes through this
Mora olsh capital, and thence on to
G1,ia and Vienna.
EDgits.tu ls mighty thoroughfare, fully 700
mar. lllles IN length, are all the great
newar YVES OF Gahcia; and despite her
4 run always which for the most part
dav r,a NJ. aAei with 1t, pass to and fro to this
\ the , cir Oh the goods and products which
4 Other u yes OF Gallcia exchange with each
Besie,,..aas9 rude products of Moldavia and
whiobslDI the cattle from the great steppes
hal L