The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-06-16
TWO RULING GLARS.
TIE CHEF OF a CONSPIRACY wHo
Is AS STRONG AS ALEX ANDER,

nntts Crime In Its Name to Dethrone
the omenoffs-Ignatiew's Remark
able Caresr-The Wrecking OF Inper-
isI Trains and Riots by the Peasants.
Parts of His Scheme OF Am bition.
From the Pittsburo Dispatch.
Trhe author Of this remarkable and start
ling presentation of the political situation
in Russia formerly practiced law In st.
Petersburg and attained no little oelebrity
as writer. The expression OF his political
onlnions made 1t inoonvenient for him to
remain In his native country, and be now
lives in London. his address being 90 Boil
Ton gardens, Chiswiok. Recently he pub
tshed a book here, Poland, Siberia aud
America" in the Russian language, in
which be treats in detail the gigantic con-
snracy which is outlined in this article. He
speaks and writes in this letter to the DiS-
match as one perfectly assured of his facts,
and there can be no question that he has
had ample opportunity to gain command of
many facts that will be new to students of
cotemporary history.l
There are at present two czars in Russia
One wears the crown and is recognized by
the governments of the world. The other
is as yet uncrowned, although he hopes
some day to possess that final mark of the
mower he already yields. One mods his head
aud the Russian empire seems to shake; the
other hides his head and unseen brings about
such a relation of circumstances that the
man with the title is compelled to shape his
ways according to the unsupported will.
One sits upon the throne; the other is not
only the power behind the throne, but his
power is exercised unknown to the throne
itself. One is Gar Alexander Ill the other
is Nicolas 1gnatiew.
HE ROSE FROM THE PEAsANTRY.
How comes 1t that Ignatiew, wealthy
banker of st. Petersburg, a man who has
held no official position Of consequence, If
any, for ten years has attained this extraor-
binary and peculiar eminenoel
He Is the son of an ordinary peasant
whose career shows that a country need not
be democratic in order to offer advanta-
geous opportunities for promotionto station
and wealth to those most lowly born Paul
Ignatiew, the father of the uncro wned car.
was sent by the lord of his province into
the army as recruit. Once enrolled, he
was assigned to the Imperial Guard because
of his unusual stature. With this
advantage he combined exceptional alertness
Of mind, and he soon attracted the atten-
ton of powerful general, who made him
his body servant and eventually secured
him several promotions. During the great
insuIrection of 1925 Paul Ignatiew, by a
happy chance. was appointed chief of the
senate guard, and in this capacity rendered
considerable service to Car Nicholas, for
he prevented the soldiers under his COM
mand from holding any communication
with the insurgents, and thus made it inn
possible for the rebellious subjects to enter
the senate house. For this important
service the Gar Nicholas made Ignatiew
his aaidde-camp and afterward promoted
him so rapidly that at the beginning of the
reign Of Alexander IL, Paul Ignatiew was
governor general of st. Petersburg, and his
eldest son, Nicolas. with whom we now
have TO do. had attained the rank of gen.
eral Of the imperial suite, and was dis
patched to Bokhara at the head Of an ex-
traordinary Russian mission. may add
that Paul Ignatiew, in common with other
Russian dignitaries, had paid due attention
TO filling his pockets and had accordingly
become wealthy man.
THE ACQUISITION OF AMooR.
The mission to Bokhara met with COM
plete success, and, as a reward, Nicolas Ig
mathew was appointed ambassador to China
There happy chance, combined with con-
duct on the part of Ignatiew and his friends
at court that cannot be regarded as strictly
hSlSA6 OAOS OAOAbhb ~ OtAb OlsSluSbAOu W Luo
diplomatist. At that time tie governor
general of Eastern Siberia was Mouravieff,
who was a man Of good character. No
public or private moneys clunR to his
fingers. Unhappily, as Is too we'll known,
Russian officialdom is honeycombed with
corruption. and by reason of his prohity
Mouravief stood head and shoulders above
his colleagues. He saw that the country
could never be properly developed With
out more southerly approach to the
sea, either Boring or Oktosk; that such al
approach could be secured by the annexa-
ton of Amor; and that unless Russia
could secure possession of that province her
interest would be in constant danger from
Chinese aggression. Mouravieh laid this
scheme before the car and the government
at st. Petersburg, and repeatedly urged its
acceptance, but without positive result.
Then there was an unexpected and terrible
massacre of Christians in China, and W est
ern Europe was aroused to the point Of a
conjoint attack upon China in reparation.
Up to this time the Chinese had been in
toxicated with the false notion Of inaoces-
sibility of their country and the infexibility
OF their army. The truth appeared to them
Ike flash; they saw that combined at
tack by European powers must be crowned
by success, and vain confidence gave way TO
fright.
Ignatiew saw how to make use of this
moment of terror. He had never preached
TO the Pekin government the subject Of the
cession of Amoor, but now he suddenly de-
manded this, threatening war in the event
OF refusal, and he promised the friendship
and support of Russia against Europe in
case the demand were granted. The Chi
nsse yielded. Amoor became Russian
territory, and Ignatiew, regardless OF Mou
raVietf's preliminary work, without which
the annexation would not have been possible
or thought OF, fastened to acQuaint st. Pc
tersburg with what be had done, claiming all
the merit of the affair for himself. 49,.
Ibis achievement gave 1gnatiew great,
u unulerited. distinction in Russia and
Europe generally as a diplomatist. and it
brought about another promotion; he was
appointed ambassador at Constantinople-
1t is we'll known that the art Of diplomacy,
as practlced in the Orient, 10 colored very
greatly by intrigue, aud Gar Alexander
was soon convinced that he had only to
push the Russian forces to the
banks of the Danube, and all Turkey,
The trumpet, would fall before him. Igna-
flew rejolced that he had SO easily hood
wlnked his monarch, and Of the millions
sent to him expended but q small portion
tor the purpose of corruption. The re-
malnder, after the manner of the typical
russian statesman. he pocketed. He owns
lands 10 the value of many millions in va
Fious provinces, and has millions in ready
money at st. Petersburg. which he loans at
esurlous interest. He enriched not only