Los Angeles herald., 1892-11-27

water to them when needed, will b
time we'll spent, If the rewards OF al
olive orchard may thus be secured bu
while the trees will do fairly well unde
conditions in which any other fruit ire
would perish, it pays to give them gen
erous culture.
FOR THE STREET.
The olive is coming into favor as I
street tree, combining several good quail
tiles outside of its profitableness it il
not apt to be blown down by hard vino
storms; it does not litter the grounC
with fallen leaves it's branches do no
droop and obstruct the walk, if properly
trimmed; is not subject to have iti
fruit stolen by persons passing; requires
little or no irrigation, and is generally
regarded aH a suitable tree for the pur
pose wherever it has been tested.
INSECT PESTS AND THEIR DESTRUCTION.
The only insect pest that infests the
olive tree in this state is the black scale
which attacks it in locations near the
coast about the time it begins to bear
it is not infested with it in the interior
even the olive tree is unable to bear q
full crop of fruit and full crop OF
black scale at the same time; perhaps
nothing has retarded the olive in
dustry in this state more than the
sorry appearance of the neglected,
ecale infested trees in certain sections,
which by proper care might have been
kept in profitable condition any other
fruit tree would have been dead and out
of sight, long ago under the same
neglect. Lately improved methods of
dealing with the pests have come into
use and they may now be destroyed at
comparatively small expense by spray
ing the trees with the following mixture
during autumn, when the insects are all
out Of their scales: pounds caustic
soda 60 per cent?; 25 pounds resin; 3
pints fish oil; boil the soda, resin and
oil in 20 gallons of water for three or
four hours; when done the mixture
should dissolve readily like milk in
water, without being ropy; add enough
water to make 100 gallons. In case the
resin, after cooking, does not cut well add
a little more water. A treatment of the
trees with hydrocyanic acid gas in au-
tumn once in two years is also found to
be an effective remedy. Parties here
contract to rid trees of the pests by
either method at 20 to 25 cents per tree,
everything. Mr.. Goodrich,
before alluded to, Gays his system Of
pruning (Which he adopted three years
ago), by the aid of the twice-stabbed
ladybug. has reduced the black scale in
his orchard to such a degree as tojusti-
fly the belief of practical eradication, or
ut least control. Fruit raisers in Cali
forhia have insect pests to combat, and
30 have olive growers located near the
coast. Happily, by the above methods,
they may bs subdued at cost go low as
to justify the expenditure.
OLIVE OIL AND OLIVE PICKLES.
In the year 1890 there was imported
into this country 500, 1884 gallons of al
legged olive oil; this state produced the
same year 52O2 gallons of pure olive oil,
and in the year 1891, IL ,420 gallons.
California olive oil has the distinction
of winning prizes at the Paris worlds
fair, and its superiority over imported
oil is conceded. We have it from reli-
able Suthority that xt least four-ffths Of
the olives used in Europe for oil contain
a worm, which is ground up and pressed
with the pomace in oil making. From
the consular reports we learn that it is u
practice abroad to mix cotton
seed oil with the olives while being
ground for oil. Vast quantities of this
oil 60 to Europe from this country for
the purpose of adulterating olive oil
The process of refining cotton seed
oil is said to be such as to rem
der it's use as food deleterious to
the health, and even dangerous to life.
The department of agriculture at Wash
ingtou caused tests to be made of some
&C different brands of imported oil; not
one brand was found to be pure, and
several did not contain any olive oil !;
but California producers are determined
that the home oil shall be put upon the
pure and unadulterated; to this
end they have procured the passage of
an act to prevent the manufacture and
sale in the state of impure oil, and have
organized to aid in its enforcement, and
have lately taken measures to have it so
amended as to render it more efficient
in its operation. Large quantities of
foreign picked olives come to the United
States and to this state; they are sold
here in small bottles at the rate OF about
81 per gallon; they are put up when the
olive is green ard are unfit for food,
while the home olives are put up ripe or
nearly SO, and are a wholesome and
nutricious food, vastly superior to the
foreign article. The last crop sold in
the stores at $1.20 per gallon. Dealers
paid the growers from 65 cents to 81 per
gallon. They are put up in Pomona by
the following method: For six gallons
of olives dissolve one pound of e. T.
Lewis concentrated I've in six gallons
of water, add four pounds of salt, soak
the berries in this mixture two
days, then draw off and replace it
with same kind for two days longer,
drawing the mixture off several times
daily and pouring it over the olives.
Now, draw off the mixture again and
immerse the olives in water from five to
eight days, then draw off the water and
put on brine of three pounds OF salt
to six gallons of water for two days, OF
until the least trace of lye is removed
finally cover them with new brine oi
three pounds of salt to four and one-hali
gallons of water.
VARIETIES.
According to an Italian authority
there are 300 varieties of olives. l have
upward of 30 new varieties in course oi
propagation in my nurseries. Many OF
these are in bearing in different parts ol
the state, and have proved valuable &C.
QUESTIONS. By careful observation the
different sorts may be distinguished
from each other in the nursery by theil
appearance, which will greatly assist
the nuraeryman in correctly labelling his
trees.
OUTLOOK FOR THE OLIVE IN CALIFORNIA