The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-06-12
VOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDus1Rr

carbon and the metals necessary for the hard |
eninR shall be added exactly in predetermined |
or Martin ~ steel
burization. the bath H. deoxidized by a SUM- |
Client quantity Of silicoj;sIieGeI. by which
silicon and manganese. With traces OF car
bon. manganese. and, silicon passing into
mum in the form Of rich alloys Is then added.
and aluminium can also be used alone rs a |
macy pf WG ' sac
cessiyely or simultan nee usly..for preparing the |
other metals. the proportion to vary with the he
degree Of hardness TO be obtained. 1t is |
pletely as possible such substances as silicon |
and manganese In steel preparation
The distinction Is claimed for Detroit OF hav.
ing the largest engineering construction in
the shape OF dry dock to be found on the
great lakes. Two thousand piles were driven
to secure tho greatest strength for the struc-
ture. It being designed to safely dock loaded
ships carving q cargo Of three thousand TONS
while taking In vessels OF the largest size.
The inside dimensions of the dock show a
length Of three hundred and seventy eight
feet. width Of seventy eight feet at entrance
There are two wells. twelve feet deep. at each
end OF the dock. with cranes above them for
hosting out and ,repncing wheels. &c. Tho
caisson gate; which when closed shuts on the
twS r FEET about eighty feet long
which 1t Is calculated to do in twenty minutes.
is one and a half hours; The whole, dock, is
sS Ave feet hsE nnd sa doWh
below The j, old river bed which completely
entriiueaI ipumps. with .;3O-inch discharge
pendent compound Westinghouse engines:
se II &
passing from the dock To fhe wall thronCh n |
ys ans the
and the fuel is oil.
In the Phdrnaceutische Centralhaue. Thoms |
calls attention to method OF detecting copper |
in distilled water. Distilled water. he asserts.
the purity Of which has been ascertained by |
the ordinary processes. becomes colored yellow |
on dissolving in it potassium iodide: q closer |
examination admits Of the detection of inrni-
tesimal, quantities Of copper which neither
Seaed"and it is the presence y this impurity
which occasions the yellow celebration Of the |
re-agent gives. he says II feeble yellow colora- |
ton with one part in some two hundred thou |
full determination. the liquid must not contain
any other substance whatsoever canal BILE OF de- |
composing the iodide and liberatinC iodine.
Ono OF the most interesting contributions Of |
late to meteorological discussion is that on
cloud formation and movement. by Mr. John |
Aitken. He finds. as in former observations. |
that fog is intimately dependent on the pres
ence OF dust PARTICLES In the air. each OF the in |
visible granules forming the nucleus Of a tiny |
head Of water. these vesiccs constituting in |
tho aggregate clouds. mists. and their kim
dred. At elevated situations. the air is COM
paratively free from dust. while lower down it |
is full Of it. but while clouds are passing over
a teak the number OF PARTICLES varies consid-
fully com piled data. is due to the fact that the
air entering into the clouds has forced itself up
the amount OF this lower world current which
til" ether resumes its old comrositon. ''. An.
other curious fact noted is that tho moment
in the sape q s3eaT shoWer IT'S
nutc drops. not Capable Of being appreciated
~ sc but by OF he
Aiken: the exact n,, number falling On given
air is in such circumstances saturated with
damn it is fact that scnts. stones. and other
large objects near tho earth are perfectly dry.
OF the ground
very marked increase in the system OF
compressed air power transmission is noted
in Switzerland and Germany. The town OF
Lucernc. Switzerland. after having had sew
eral years experience OF alternating current
distribution Of light. has now supplemented
this by distribution Of power IRON the same
water power--tbis to be carried out. by still
later arranG cement. by means Of RednGer's
bach has also completed an installation OF
compressed air distribution. which seems to
engineers In this case. the total length Of
pines laid Is Sc seven thousand seven hundred
hundred yards are Of pipe one foot in diameter.
Hhont the sn nm isngh Of pipe eight inches in
tOrty-Seypn
ef s are d fS and
tions OF the pipes are made by means Of India
rubber as In similar installations In Paris. and
there are valves provided lfor shutting off
system there Is found to DO loss Of o. OF an
atmosphere IN seven and half hours. or
the power transmitted being. on an average.
five hundred horse power
Some improvements have been made in ring
spinning frames. by means OF which the yarn
delivery rollers have thoir speed regulated ac-
cordng to the diameter of tho cop at the
same time controlling the lift OF the ring rail.
in this way regulating the twist and the ten
sion. and obviating bal!ooning. In order to
realize this advantage. there Is flxed on tho
tin roller shaft n pinion operating toothed
wheel and sun and planet motion: and by this
arrangement motion is conveyed through
train OF wheels to z swinging frame operating
and cam. the latter being connected with the
ring rail so as to regulate the lit. thus on
ahllng tho yarn to be laid on more quickly or
the sun and planet motion to the yarn delivery
rollers to regulate their delivery. by means Of
rack and pinion and cam and wheels.
What was at first regarded as simple ANA
tour venture In the way Of experiment-the
French velocpede for service on land and
water as Wells now treated by tho Marseilles
papers as practical and available mechanics
Instead OF skeleton wheels. the wheels are
made hollow. so that when the machine enters
the water they support the device with its
rider: they are also grooved on their crcum-
ference with ru bier tires for land use. At the
sides Of the wheels are small copper paddles
and when the machine Is run from the land
into the water these serve to propel 1t. SO
that, while the machine can make very good
speed on land 1t Is able to make about three
miles an hour In water. with tho me exertion
as Is needed for its propulsion on good road
II L. that II dong sil II ,yhen