davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
FISHING FOR sP0NGEs.
1t Requires an Experienced Eye to Di
cover the Coveted Objects.

1t Requires an Experienced Eye to Dis
cover the Coveted Objects.
Scribner's Magazine.I
The vessel has towed astern Just half as
many boats as she has men in her crew, and
two men are assigned to each boat. One of
them stands well aft and sculls with long
oar, while the other bends low over one of
the gunw ales in a most constrained po-
sition, and with his head buried in a water
glass eagerly scans the bottom as he is
moved slowly over it
Tho water glass is simply wooden
bucket, having glass bottom. that is held
an inch or so below the ruff1ed surface. and
in these clear waters plainly reveals all
submerged objects to a depth of 40 or so
feet. As a further aid in overcoming
ripples or moderate waves, each small boat
is provided with a bottle of oil so hung over
the bow as to slowly drip its contents into
the water.
Through his magic glass the observer
sees darting fish, richly tinted sea fans and
feathers, branching coral, gorgeous anem-
ones, bristling sea porcupines, and the
myriad other curious tenants of these tropic
waters. While seeing these he made no
sign until small dark object that, to the
unframed eve, differs in no respect from the
loggerheads surrounding it, comes within
his range of vision. Then, without remov-
ing his gaze, he reaches for the long handled
sponge hook or rake lying behind him, and,
using 1t with one hand. quickly tears from
the bottom black. Shiny mass, that he
triumphantly pronounces to be a sleeps
wool or grass sponge of the first quality.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
HOUSEHOLDS IN TURKEY.
The Selamlik and the Harem Constitute
the Two Divisions.

The Selamlik and the Harem Constitute
the Two Divisions.
Pearson's weekly.l .-. o..
Turkish households are always divided
into two parts, the first being the selamlik,
or mems part, and the other the harem. If
a man marries Turkish girl this division
will be more marked than when he takes a
Circassian; in the latter case his wife, being
naturally without any means but those he
gives her, cannot possess a sovereign right
over her slaves. who, being bought b him,
can hardly be said to belong to her.
The latter, then, look up to him as their
only master, and only obey her because he
orders it, while Turkish girl possessed of
q private fortune of her own, and bringing
her slaves from her fathers house, reigns
over the harem as supremely as he does over
the selamlik The slaves also in the latter
case depend entirely on her, and she is
obliged to furnish them with every neces-
sary without applying to her husband for
means to do it.
The harem is her own peculiar sphere,
und it is on her that devolves the duty of
seeing that everyone in it is comfortable.
She is free to sell her slaves, marry them,
or send them away without his being able
to do more than demonstrate with her
gently, and he would no more think of
selling or buying slave without her con-
sent than she would of sending away o man
servant. The furnishing OF the harem also
Ialls on her, and cannot be touched by her
husband, nor can he meddle with any detail
of her expenditure, which is left entirely to
her own discretion.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
Color of Incandescent Carbon.

A most interesting discussion has recent
ly been carried on on the subject of the first
visible color of incandescent iron. T. C.
Porter now describes how he tried similar
experiment with the carbon fllament of an
ordinary incandescent electric lamp. Using
an SO-volt, 16-candle power lamp, he passed
current from storage battery, through the
lamp and a water resistance, which was
gradually reduced by the addition of sui
phuric acid. The room in which the exper-
iment was performed was carefully dark
ened, and the observers were kept in dark
ness some minutes before the current was
switched on. AS the current was increased
by regular stages, the observers (25 in
number) carefully inspected the lamp in
rotation, and everyone wrote down his i'm
prcssions of the color of the filament in the
dark, SO that the eyes we're not affected by
extraneous light. 1t was unanimously de-
cided that the color of the filament was at
first very pale. Thirteen called it a very
pale yellow, three took 1t for white, seven
for faint pink, two for blush white. All
agreed that as the temperature rose, the
color grew deeper and redder. passing
through orange before arriving at crimson.
The words used to designate the final tint
reached in he experiment varied from deep
reddish orange to copper color. dark red,
blood red and crimson. In diffused daylight
this would be dull red.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
TELEPHONES AT SEA.
A Practical Method of Signaling
Between Vessels in Fogs.
DELICATE FIRE-DAMP DETECTOR.
II. Lippman's Achievements in Color
Photography by Electricity.
NEW APPLICATIONS OF THE CURRENT
WRITTEN FOR THE pIsPArcH.I


Prot. w. W. Jacques, who is sanguine of
the early adoption of electrical signaling
between vessels, has shown how simply
such a system could be carried out He
pictures two ocean grayhounds approaching
each other with combined velocity of 40
miles an hour through heavy fog. The
lights are useless, even on q dark night, for
in foggy weather even an electric search
light will not be visible mile away. The
steamers whistle is useless, for the fog soon
absorbs the sound. Yet, although the ves-
sells may be approaching each other with a
force that, in case they meet. shall mean
total humiliation, there is no danger if the
ships ere already fitted with electrical sig
mailing apparatus. Thus provided the ships
will signal to each other when miles apart.
Prof Jacques proposes to equip each
vessel with an insulated wire rnnning from
bow to stern, but dipping into the ocean at
each end. In connection with this wire,
one vessel is provided with means for pro-
ducing strong and rapidly alternating cur
rents of electricity, and the second vessel
has its wire connected to an ordinary tele-
phone. Electrical undulations will be radi-
ated from the first vessel through the water
in all directions, until, reaching the second
vessel many miles away, they will be heard
in the telephone. With the telephone can
be connected an alarm bell, so that any
sound received will automatically call the
notice OF the attendant. BY thus equipping
each vessel both with means for sending
out electrical undulations and for listening
for any that might be received, each vessel
would be made aware of the approach of the
other, and the danger of collision would be
avoided This principle is not by any
lug have already demonstrated its feasibil-
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13

to open new infrmary at Aberdeen, the
consulting engineer had requested that the
storage cells for lighting the building might
be thoroughly charged by continuous run
of one set of the engines and dynamos for
30 consecutive hours. On the evening Of
the completion of the charge a very brill.
liant aurora borealis took place, causing
frequent momentary reflections from the
glass roof of the dynamo room, which so
terrified the hospital authorities that they
attributed the phenomena to the surcharg
ing Of the accumulators. They accordingly
proceeded without delay to turn on the
lamps as fast as possible to the cells with
the view of lessening, as they thought, the
excessive amount of stored electrical energy.
They at the same time teiephoned to their
electrician to come instantly and stop the
lightning.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
PRIZES FOR BEAUTY
Gorgeous Chrysanthemums Will ,
With Each Other This Week.
A GOOD EXHIBITION ASSURED.
How to Obtain and Name New Varieties Of
the Popular Flowers.
CULTIVATlNG THEM FROM SPORTS

The second annual chrysanthemum show
of the Pittsburg and Allegheny Florists
and Gardeners Club will be held at the
Auditorium, opposite the Duquesne
Theater, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Friday and Saturday of this week. The
club offers handsome list of premiums
which will probably be augmented by do
nations of local amateurs and connoisseurs
in the oriental flower.
Only three distinct species of the original
chrysanthemums of China and Japan are
now recognized b. botanists, but as garden
ers every year raise types of all three from
seed saved from some one plant, it leaves
them much in doubt if there is more than
one original species. On the other hand
the centuries of natural and artificial cross
ing and mixing may have eliminated in the
plants of to-day their original specific
identity.
The chrysanthemum is the national badge
of Japan nd is grown there in rare perfec-
tion. But from recorded measurements be-
fore US of some of their finest flowers, and
photographs of their show plants, says
Gardening, we are inclined to believe that
in the case of individual blossoms anyway,
it would require the very best efforts of
japan to surpass those of some of our flor
lists.
If one wishes chrysanthemums he may
raise them from seeds, import them from
Japan or Europe or secure them from
"sports." A sport is an ofshoot of differ
ent variety from plant. For instance, .
white blooming variety may have tvlg
bearing yellow flower. This twig is .
"sport," and can be propagated from cut
ting. Should you raise q new variety from
seed, and you are sure it is worth saving
and naming, and that it is perfectly distinct
from any other kind in cultivation, you
have q right to call it what you please, pro-
yided that name has not already been ap-
propriated by any other sort. The Ameri-
of all the new names given to these flowers,
and you can lind out from it whether the
name you wish to use has already been
given to some other sort or not. Don't use
q name in defiance OF this society, for In the
trade its nomenclature is law.
Chrvsanthemums are very easily grated
in early summer, and by this means you
may have two, or as many as twenty varieties
if you wish, growing on one plant. The
Japanese are experts in this line. While
grating adds to the oddness of the plants in
bloom, it does not in any way benefit the
plants or flowers.
The best shelter for chrysanthemums
when in bloom is the greenhouse, and this
should be a cool house and very thinly
shaded from warm sunshine, but it is easy
and inexpensive toduplicate the conditions.
Raising chrvsanthemums is one of the most
ENJOYABLE of fads, and will continue to +
popular in spite of the late dictum of n
York society that the oriental flower
passe.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
Electric Fire Damp Detector.

An instrument of great value in mining
has been invented in the shape of a thermo-
electric fire damp detector. The danger to
miners from fire damp has never been effect
ually provided against, the safety lamp
having been found capable of mitigating
rather than obviating the perils of foul gas
in mines. The action of the instrument de-
pends on two fine platinum wires connected
with levers and pointer in the form of
differential metallic thermometer. The ar
rangement of the instrument is such that
the presence of gas is shown on the electric
heating of the wires, one of which is in
closed in an alright cylinder, while the other
is placed within a cylinder of wire gauze.
The instrument is claimed TO be % to 80
times more sensitive to fire damp than the
safety lamps at present in use for examin-
ing mine workings. 1t will indicate the
presence of less than tenth of l per cent,
or about one one-hundredth part of the
amount of fire damp requisite to form an
explosive mixture In the event of the in
strument being used in an explosive mix
ture, there is not the slightest danger OF
ignition, as the platinum wires are inclosed
in double casing of wire gauze.
The object of the apparatus is, however.
not to indicate the percentages near the ex-
plosiye point, but to show the existence OF
quantities much too small to affect ordinary
safety lamps In this invention the idea
has been to provide an instrument which
NAV be used under all circumstances, and
by anyone without q previous knowledge of
its working. 1t can be placed in any part
of the mine where coal gas is either present
or expected. and connected to a recording
arrangement with alarm in the managers
office above ground. Any undue accupula-
tion of fire damp in the neighbornooj of
the apparatus would thus at once be in
dicated to the officials automatically.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
Color Photography Is Coming.

M. Lippman has not rested on the laurels
he has already achieved in color photog-
raphy, but is pursuing his investigation
with energy. Some Of his latest expert
ments are very beautiful. On layers of
albumino-bromide OF silver rendered ortho-
chromatic by azaline and cyanina, he has
obtained most brilliant photographs of
spectra. All the colors came out at once,
even the red, without the usual interpo-
sition of colored screens, and after an ex-
posure of from to 80 seconds Among
other illustrations of the progress recently
made in.color photography NJ. Lippman has
submitted pictures Of. stained-glass windows,
draperies, oranges and vari-colored birds,
taken by electric light with five to ten
minutes exposure, in which the color as
W ell as the form is clearly defined.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
THE NORTH SEA CANAL.
1t Will Start at Kiel and Cut Through
Sohleswig- Holstein.

1t VIII start at hfel and Cut Through
Sohleswig- -Holstein.
Engineering Magazlne.I
During the approaching autumn and win
ter several large undertakings in connection
with this canal will be commenced at the
Kiel Firth. They will complete the build
ing of two harbors, an inner and an outer.
Three Kiel contractors have taken over the
matter for 1.000, 900 marks (e5O, ,0OO). The
inner harbor will be surrounded by wall
of granite and concrete 295 meters long,
which has to be completed on July 1, 1893.
The outer harbor has to be ready by Aug
ust 1, 1893.
The pier will, in this instance, have q
length Of $50 meters, and its height is to be
IL meters above ordinary water level. The
course of the old Elb Canal will to some ex-
tent be used for the outer harbor A long
pier for steamers is to proceed from the
outer harbor. The earth from the excaSa-
tions will to considerable extent be used
for the making of hill, on which will be
built Lighthouse capable of showing at
q great distance the entrance to the North
Sea Baltic Canal
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
Two Pnzz,ing Questions

An English magazine asks the followin
questions: 'Would you rather marry ma
whom you entirely love but whose love fol
you you are not sure OF, or man who entirely
loves you but whose love you do not thor
oughly reciDrocate?" And the editor of
the Wonan's Tribune answers it by pro-
pounding another: Would you rather lie or
steaI0n
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
Had to Return the Deer.

The trainmen on Central Vermont rail-
road train found deer caught in a wire
fence near Pittsford, VT, a short time ago.
They succeeded in capturing the animal un-
injured and brought it to Rutland, VT. As
it is against the law to capture q deer in
that State at this season of the year, the
trainmen were forced to take the deer back
on the return trip and set the animal Of
liberty.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
The Hat Peg in Church.

The church hat peg is brass peg, with
gimlet-pointed screw. SO that it can be fixed
to the under side of seat or bench quite
easily. The hat can be suspended from this
peg and the owner Is able to direct his at
tention to the service, feeling that his best
top hat is in sSfety from the feet Of his
neighborx
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
Making Ozone by Electricity.

Mr.. Ernest Fahrig. who carried out in
London a most successful series Of tests in
the commercial manufacture Of ozone, has
transferred his operations on an extended
scale to this country. The Fahrig process
consists in the manufacture Of oxygen from
peroxide Of maganese and hydrate Of soda
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
Converting Coal Directly Into Energy.

The solution of the problem of convert
ing coal directly into electricity, which is
being grappled with by some of the first in
ventors Of the day, is estimated to mean
the opening up to mankind of benefits
equal to twenty times those following in
the wake of the steam engine, and the
steam engines of the world to-day are doing
work that would require the labor of 1.OOO,-
000,0 men. At present coal is burned
under boiler for the production of steam;
the steam is passed through an engine and
power is produced; then the power of the
engine turns dynamo and electricity is
created. In the course of this long and
elaborate process there is clear loss of 95
per cent of power, so that only 5 per cent
is really available. An electrician who
has faith in the ultimate devising of an
electric generator in which coal is shoyeled
in at the bottom and electricity taken out
at the top, and the enormous waste of pres
ent methods saved, has calculated that
among the results of this change would be
the possibility OF transatlantic steamship
that now burns 300 tons of coal per day,
doing days work with but Is; or, with
the present coal consumption being able to
the same way, an electric locomotive car
rying its own supply OF coal and generating
its own electricity, would be able to haul a
train of cars from Boston to New York in
less than two hours. Furthermore, the
machinery of our great manufactures,
which now requires to move it power equal
to the labor of 1000, 900 men, could then be
operated for one-t1entieth of the present
cost
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13
The Force of Imagination.

An amusing incident is related by Lon
don electrical journal. Preparatory to the
proposed visit of one of the royalprincesses
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-13

and lime, and its ozonizat1on by electricity.
Ozone is found a much stronger and far less
harmful bleacher than chlorine, and it is
now used for the bleaching of spices, kill
ing the germs of table water preservation
of canned meats, fish aud milk, the ageing
of wines, oxidation of oils, destruction OF
malodorous, decaying or Objectionable mat
ter, bleaching of linen, silk, ivory, bones,
sponges and other materials The ozone
industry, in fact, promises to become an
important one in America, and is an exam
pie both of the usefulness of electricity and
of the way in which special industrial fields
can now be opened out by electrical appli-
ances, and even a demand created where
none before existed.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06
OFFICE WILSON BLOCK. PUBLIC SQUARE

me World wtH be deiigered By cdrrisrsto 1h parl
81 ne cffv OrdeFs for papers may be grtt 10 en-
Siey. cantassSr. on sSnt 70 ne Office By postal.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06
lress all communication rs
THE WORLD,
MAaTINssURc. W. VA.

Entsrtd al me PostoFcs AZ Mortios5arg, rs. Fq !,
az second class matt mattst.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

s.Be sure you're right then go ahead"
This is good foundation. 1t is good
principal for organized labor to work
upaa. 1t is a great thing to be right,
to knew that reason is upon your side.
When you show this the people will be
with you first, last and all the time.
Be Just at all times and success awaits
upon your struggles if you are firm.
Public opinion rules, and if you are
just and show reasonable spirit
public opinion will be with you. Public
opinion is with the men locked out Of
the Carnegie mills at Homestead, Pa
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

The Presidential campaign has start
ed in from the beginning as cam
1paign Of ideas and intelligence, with
trival and disgusting ideas left out.
There is 4 sign Of national advance
ment in this which the people general
" would do well to observe. When
ever nation begins to regard politics
in the true light of its Importance to
the general welfare, then politics
reaches the high plane which it is in
tended to occupy.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06
DAILY AND WEEKLY

,.ss.nen ..... sOr0a .n0 ,ao,a.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

The silver certificates issued against
bullion purchases Of silver made by au-
thority of the act Of 1890 are put in
circulation on the guarantee of the full
quantity of silver placed in store for
their redemption. What right has the
Government to seize upon this particu-
lar bullion and coin it into 68-cent
dollarsa There is an implied if not an
express breach Of contract embodied
IN the provision of the. Stewart Silver
billNto issue two dollars-one paper
and one silver on the basis Of meta
held in pledge for the redemption o.
one dollar. III M
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06
You Can Examine

Our Spring and summer suits until your eyes
are tired, If you find flaw about them you will
be doing more than We arg able to accomplish
Never have we shown such stock of fine Cloth
ing and Gents Furnishing Goods as we show
this season. 1t isnot only the largest we have
ever shown but It is the best and most complete.
There is not good style, there is not good
shape of any good make, from the medium price
domestic garment to the very finest imported
pattern goods that does not find place in our
store, besides we show many exclusive novelties,
goods not shown by any other house. Buying as
we do direct from the best houses enables us 10
not only offer the newest and best Of everything
in this line, but also to sell at the lowest prices
A good article Is worth a fair price. Aeheap or
trashy thing Is dear at any price
| We ask you, everybody to come and see our
/ stock before making your purchases. We know
we can please you, and we guarantee TO give
you satisfaction in all your dealings with us.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

A cry for help comes from the kan
sas wheat fields. The harvest will be
twice as heavy as it was last year,
when 54,O0O,00O bushels were garner
ed. And there is not enough men in
the state to handle it. But the hands
viii be got from adjacent States, and
hapiy Kansas may keep herself warm
next Fail by replacing corn with mort
cages in her fuel-bins.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

As chasers of rainbows there is no
body in either of the old parties can
show candle to the People party
leaders. They not only see rainbows
in and over the Northern States and
most of the Southern. but are sure
they will get the pots Of gold there
awaiting them in the shape of the
spoils Of power
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

Bismark will not allow his friends or
his foes to draw him into futher inter-
views on political questions. The
grim old statesman has expressed his
opinions in language that cannot be
misunderstood by the German people;
and the Government may make the
most of it.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

Mr.. Sullivan, the greatest Of prize
fighters. most picturesque Of blowhards
and most reckless of drinkers, has a
Judgment for $3.50 standing against
him in New York. We predict that
he is more likely to thrash the judge
than to settle the Judgment.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06

Uncle Jerry Rusk not only gave US
clear weather for the Fourth but he
arranged sunset which stimulated
the national flag in all its glory Of
crimson stripes. As a patriot who
suits the weather to the occasion he
has no equal.
The World. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1891-1896, 1892-07-06
WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 8, 1882

Tammany Hall makes its Fourth Of
July celebration distinctly patriotic
performance. But as patriotism and
Democracy are synonymous terms, it
happens all right in a presidential
year