The record-union., 1892-08-05
FARM And ORCHARD.
The Recent Work of the HolsteinS
and Jerseys.
xsoney Made by Wasps and Other In
sects-Milk or Butter-Buckwhea
for FowIs-Selling Eggs by the
Pound-Pumpllins for Mich Cows
Miscellaneous Items.

''Did you ever consider how many
flowers are required to supply one pound
of honey?" said a naturalist. about
two and a half millions is fair estimate.
Think what vast amount of toll by
hard working bees that represents!
However, there are other creatures be-
side bees that gather honey. For ex
ample, there is the 'honey-wasp' of tropi-
cal America and the honey-making ant
of Texas and New Mexico. The latter is
very abundant in the neighborhood Of
Santa Fe, and the sweets it collects are
highly esteemed by the Mexicans, not
only as food, but for medicinal purposes.
There is an insect called the 'tazma' in
Ethiopia which deposits its stores of honey
without wax. 1t looks like giant mos
quito, and it's product, which it hides
away in holes underground, is eagerly
sought by the natives as a remedy for
diseases of the throat. There are giant
bees in India which suspend combs as
big as house doors from the branches of
trees in the forests. In the Koono Prov
ince of Lithuania bees are reared in eX-
ca waited tree trunks in the woods, and the
famous Koono honey derives it's peculiar
and delicious flavor from the blossoms of
the linden trees which are so abundant in
that region. One tribe of people in the
province devoteS its attention exclusively
TO Bookkeeping.
Bookkeeping is taught in Switzerland
by paid lecturers, who go from town to
town ana from canton 10 canton. In that
country honey Is staple article of food
even among the poorest classes, bread
and honey being the most common break
last. One gets nothing else for the morn
ing meal at the big hotels. Consequently
nearly all of the Swiss product is required
Tor home consumption and very little Of
1t is exported.
'All over continental Europe agricult-
ure is very important industry. The
German Government compels all school
masters to pass an examination in bee
keeping. European Russia produces
100000 pounds of honey annually. The
ancient Greeks were famous for hOney-
making, but the business is neglected by
their modern descendants. Corsican
honey is rendered so bitter by the arbutus
blossom, from which much of it is OBJ
tanned, as TO be unpalatable. The great
est beekeepers in the world are in the
United States. Single individuals in Cali
tornia each own from 1000 to 1900
swarms, which they farm out to the own
ers of orangeries and other fruit orchards
during the poisoning season. One bee
farm in San Diego County in that State
furnishes 10000 pounds of honey annu-
ally. Some bee farmers have floating bee
houses, which follow the streams to find
towering pastures for the insects. This
was done in Egypt thousands of years
ago. 1t has even been proposed to send
swarms by ship to the West Indies in
winter. Washington Star.
MILK OR BUTTER.
In reply to the question, (which pays
better, to make milk into butter or
cheese" Peter Collier, Director of the
New \ ork experiment station, at Geneva.
answers, substantially, that it depends on
conditions, says the Orange Countu
Farmer. AS rule, in winter butter paws
better, since the amount of fresh butter
is far below the demand, and prices are
comparatively high. In summer, cheese
making pays better, since the price of
butter IS then lowest, and in the form OF
cheese the product can be held and stored
until prices are high.
AS regards the loss of fat in cheese
making and butter-making, we may put
the average factory loss OF fat at not less
than one-quarter Of a pound of fat for
one hundred pounds of milk. In the
case of butter-making from the same
milk, by ordinary process of Dreaming
by gravity Settlng, or churning etc. as
IN the case of the average farmer the loss
would not be far from half pound of fat
for every hundred pounds Of milk. By
using "A centrifugal machine for separa-
ting the cream, and by skillful handling
IN subsequent operations, the loss of fat
can be reduced to one-fifth of a pound of
,dat for one hundred pounds of milk, con-
tanning 80 per cent. of butter fat
AS to yield of cheese and butter the
average yield of cheese on the above sup
position would be about ten pounds of
cheese for one hundred pounds of milk.
In the case of butter, as made by the
average farmer, the amount of butter
made from one hundred pounds of milk
would be about 80 pounds. In the best
creameries the yield would not be less
than SO pounds per hundred pounds of
milk. To realize % cents a pound on
each pound of milk fat the cheese would
have to sell at $50 cents per pound: the
butter for % to 25.5, according to the
amount lost in making.
The record of over l,047 pounds of but
ter in one year by the JERSEY COW "Sig-
nails Lily Flag" is not the largest. nor is
she the champion, as the best records be-
long to the Observation-Disclosures. Not only
have the HolSteinS exceeded the JERSEYS
in the best yearly records, but they have
surpassed all other breeds in the produc-
ton of milk, win ming the prizes AT the
New York Dairy Show, at Madison
Square Garden, in tests made before the
public for the largest production of but
Ter, competing with Jerseys and Guern-
Seys.
The Holstein cow, Pietertie II. in test
produced in one day over 1l2 pounds of
milk. As two pounds of milk are about
one quart, her yield was close to 56
quarts of milk in one day, truly an enor-
NOUS quantity. and her yield for 81 DAYS
was ,2S9 pounds, and for one year it was
30,3lS9 pounds, the average being S3i
pounds. This enormous yield is equiva-
lNaar
year. The COW De Kol II. not only
yielded 50 pounds of milk in one day, but
Its richness may be shown by her butter
record of SO pounds and ounces of butter
in one week. The advantages of large
milk yields with corresponding butter
records cannot be overlooked by those
who value breed for all that can be de-
rived from it. Nor is the above large
yield of milk TO be considered as the
highest possible limit, for a large num-
Der of Holstein COWS are pressing Pie
tertie for first honors, and many surpass
her. From 10000 to 10000 pounds of
milk in one year by Holsteins is not now
considered remarkable for the breed.
While all honor is due the grand Jer-
sey cow for her record of l ,047 pounds of
butter in one year, her large yield is ex-
ceeded by the Holstein COW Pauline Paul.
whose record is L, l53 pounds of butter in
one year, or lO6 pounds more than that of
Lilly Flag. Mlchthilde, another Holstein
COW, produced 80 pounds. I0l ounces of
butter in one week, 1901 pounds in thirty
days, and fraction over 292 in sixty
days. The yield of milk by Clothilde. of
26,0Zl pounds in one year, with a butter
record of Is pounds and p ounces in one
week, is remarkable record for both
milk and butter, while Clothilde I'd has
record of 30l pounds of butter in one
week, Il9pounds and I4S ounces in thirty
days, 223 pounds ana 81 ounces in sixty
days, and 800 pounds and II ounces in