davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-05-21
SCALE.-64'=1 inch.

an aggregate amount of 2S5 inches of rain
may be placed at So inches on the ayera oe
ana IN Piedmont at 81 but in special locali-
ties 1t is greater, as, for instance, it has been
found TO be in Lodi 1873 inches, distributed
as 10 tlmel in very much the same order as
that given in the table
In another portion of his most valuable
work Captain Smith speaks of the bene-
ticlal effects Of irrigation on soil which
was previously comparatively worthless,
as follows:
Vast improvement in soils, in many cases
complete renovation of previously compare
lively worthless soils, have uniformly been
Writing of a district known as the an
Gent Lumellina, Baird Smith SAYS:
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-05-21

doubtedly of the highest authority and
reliability, to the landowners of Sacra-
mento County, and to the business men
and property-owners of Sacramento CITY.
May they not, in view OF the fact that ma
ture has provided the American River
Basin with a similar means of develop
ment and enrichment, safely conclude
that there is Of these natural resources
are wisely handled and their develop
ment judiciously encouraged), future in
store for them of far greater prosperity
and riches than they ever dreamed o..
even in the palmiest day of richest placef
gold mining.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-05-21
SOME IMPORTANT FACTS.

Applying similar comparison to the
valley of the River Pc, in Italy, we find
Captain Baird Smith, in his before-men-
toned work on Italian Irrigation"
says:
Lombardy and Piedmont constitute the
greater portion of the famous irrigation re-
gion of the valley of the Po in Italy. In these
districts water for irrigation is in greatest de-
mand during the months of May, June, July
and August, yet the average aggregate fall of
rain for these months is found 10 be: In
Lomhardy 1919 inches, and in Piedmont
1921 inches. During the seven months COM
mencing with March, which are regarded as
the irrigation season, in Lombardy there are,
on an average, "a rainy Gays, with an aggre-
gate OF 20 inches of rainfall; in Piedmont
there are, on an average, Il rainy days, with
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-05-21

BY a combination of movable ballast,
in the form OF pendulunls controlled by
water cylinders htted with loaded valves,
it is proposed to SO control the rolling of
vessels in seaway that the disagreeable
features attending their want OF steadi-
ness VIII entirely disappear.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-05-21

x1L4ilnrst College is now among the
s arielIean colleges which authorize their
s ..o.,i 70 appear in classical garb. The
wear the cap and black gown in cbapel.
The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-05-21

year,, and to be thence drawn in seasons
of lesser volume of the river, when its
daily flow might be less than the quantity
required.
AN UNLIMITED WATER SUPPLY.
Similar RESERVOIR" facilities, and on
even much greater scale, exist on the
upper courses of the American River,
above the dam Of the Folsom Water
Power Company, so that it is only a
question of time, and the judicious ex-
penditure of capital, to augment the sup
ply Of irrigation water just as fast as it
may be called for. Undoubtedly it
would take many years to elaborate
every detail of this vast system, and it
Will consequently be the policy of the
company to first construct works which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
VIEW OF THE CITY OF S. PAULO.

'Itatiaia" Che highest in Brazil, about 1000
feet is In full view, and Immediately west of
the mountains are the most famous coffee re-
gions in the world.
THE CITY OF SAN PAULo.
The city Of San Psulo, with its 90, 900 inhab-
itants, lies between two small rivers, on an ele-
waited plain which ia surrounded on all sides by
low green hills, half days journey from the
heart Of the coffee district Its streets are
narrow and rambling, laid out regardless Of
system or generalSregularity and have pave
ments Of red sandstone. Near its center is q
pretty public garden with q tall observation
tower, something like the Washington monu-
ment on a small scale. Tramways run to the
suburbs. where are many charming country
homes. large proportion of them occupied by
English, American and German families. The
houses are mostly one-storied, some of them
built of stone, but more commonly of mother
earth, slightly moistened ard then baked in the
sun. The modus operandi of constructing q
palace from this cheap and plentiful ma
terial il as follows: Dig down several
feet, as il you were going to lay the foundation
for a mansion of stone or brick, then commence
filling in with moistened earth, which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
FROM RIO DE JANEIRO TO SANTOS

precau.ion destructive landsiides sometimes
occur and the track Is constantly patroled by a
force Of watchers with shovels. From the sum
NIT Of the Sierra do Mar the scenery is superb
Of coffee groves, emerald valleys, palms and
pines, dim mountain peaks and the restless
ocean; but some Of il along the ''incline cas-
YOU rush down awful grades with the speed of
the wind, apparently upheld from bottomless
abysses only BY single frail cable-is too hair
lifting to be thoroughly enjoyed.
OVERLAND IRON RIO.
Coming overland from Rio to San Paulo you
leave the former city about 5 am. from the d.
Pedro Ii station on the Praca da Acelamacao,
BY the train marked Ramal de Sac Paulo. II
passes over the main line only to Barra do
Pirahy; thence over the the San Paulo branch
of the ID. Pedro III road to its terminus at
Caehoeira. where IL arrives about midday. and
here you change TO the meter gauge Sac Paulo
and Rio Janeiro line. The distance 10 $40 miles,
and several interesting towns are passed
among whose jaw-dislocating names Pindam-
onhAnsaba Is easy. For great part Of the way
the road follows the Parahybe river. muddy
little stream fun of rapid and noisy cascades,
sometimes on one bank, sometimes on the
other This Dom Pedro railway il said to be
one OF the best specimens of Engineering skill in
the world After passing Beiem II ascends the
mountains IN heavy grades and sweeping
curves. and runs through q score Of tunnels,
one OF which Is a mile and half long and upon
~ a.ons was expended seven years of labor and
z.WO.00o miters. The cars are q sort Of COM
promle with the American idea, though they
as wei as the locomotives were made In Eng
land For mounting the Sierra two locomo-
tises are used, one at each end Of the train.
The scenery Is indeseribably beautiful, espe-
eially IN the neighborhood Of Palmeiras. a little
station overlooking the Marcos valley. which
has high reputation as health resort. After
leaving Rezende We pass along the rim Of an
enormous valley, fall forty miles vide. bor-
dered BY the coast range on one hand and tho
Sara da Mantiqueira on the other
In - latter range the spleudid peak
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25

must be beaten hard as possible As the wall
raises above the ground frame Of planks is set
up TO keep it within proper dimensions, this
curbing being moved upward as fast as re-
quired until the whole is completed. The walls
generally of enormous thickness, and
under the tropic sun soon become indurated,
like one massive brick or stone impervious alike
to fire and water. When covered by Approaching
roof of tiles, to preserve the adobe from the
effect of rains, they have been known to stand
for three centuries; and when handsomely fin
ished outside and in with successive coats of
delicately tinted cement they resemble pol
ished marble, and are far more imposing than
the great mass of frail structures one sees in
the United States.
ITS GREAT UNIVERSITY.
The roofs Of San Paulo houses project five or
six feet over the street, affording cooling shade
TO the interiors and protecting passers-by from
sun and rain. The city bears no resemblance
to any other in Brazil, but, with its white cot
tages EMPOWERED in trees, its green prairies,
dotted by herds, and its background of distant
mountains. reminds one of Piedmont and Bur-
gundy; while the quantity overhanging ewes
give ii an appearance not unlike Tevey on Lake
Geneva, and the immense plantations of genu-
inc Chinese tea that flourish in the neighbor-
hood transport one in Imagination to the in
terror of the howery kingdom. In other re-
spects, too, San Paulo differs from the rest of
Brazil, for its great university-the Oldest and
best in the country-has exercised a marked
influence upon the people. The word dinheiro
money does not sound constantly in your ears
here as in Rio de Janeiro, and society has less
OF a commercial and more Of an intellectual
air. The history of this section dates back to
an early period in the settlement Of the new
world by Europeans-to the year 1853, when
some OF the Jesuits who accompanied Thome de
Souza, the first captain general Of the Portu-
guese colonies in Brazil, found their way to this
plain, which they named Piratininga. They
built a mud hut here, in which they established
a school for instructing the Indians, and from
that humble beginning sprang the famous
college which occupies the, same site. The
early school happened to be consecrated on
January IS, 1854, the day on which the con-
version of Saint Paul is everywhere celebrated
by the Romish church, and so they considered
the apostle the special patron Of the place and
gave his name to the town and consequently to
the province. The University of Sac Paulo,
with its academy of laws, has long ranked first
among all the literary institutions of South
America. Its curse juridico has upward of 500
students and occupies the old Franciscan con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
Coins with Queer Stories.

From the Youths Companion.
Numismatists, or coin collectors. have inter-
esting objects Of search in two coins which be-
long to the transition period between the French
republic and the second empire. One of these
Is an extremely rare coin which was struck on
just at the moment Of the assumption Of the
reins Of empire by Napoleon Ill Only the die
for the diverse or head Of q new imperial coin
had been completed. and by some accident. or
possibly by mischievous design, q coin was
struck on which bore the head Of Napoleon
III. Emperor" on one side, and French he
public" on the other.
This contradictory coin Is Of interest 10 others
than numismatists, for it symbolizes in q strik-
ing way the many sudden changes which have
taken place in French politics in the past CEN
tury.
With the other coin singular story is con-
president" and Just before he made himself
emperor, a decree was issued ordering q 5-franc
piece 10 be coined bearing his image
The dies were made, and the coin was struck
on - sample and sent 10 the prince-presldent
for approval But sometime passed before hs
ton he was annoyed 20 find that he had been
represented on the coin with a "loye lock or
booked lock Of hair on the temple, which he
did actually wear st that period. but which he
thought unsuitable 10 90 dignifed and perma-
nent Improvisation Of himself n an eifigy upon
coin
The prince-president sent for the director Of
the mint and ordered him 20 remove the 'siove
lock" Then he found that his silence with re-
0rd 70 the piece had been taken for approval.
and uh.t the stamping Of the coins had COM
menced-
ns 81 sGs II .spss oo and sus The ss ss
thrss coins that had already been struek Oh
we're not destroyed, and ere nov regarded - Of
great value.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
A NATURAL MISTAKE,
He Had an Expansive Ear for wagner's
Music.

He Had an Expansive Ear for wagner's
Music.
From the Chicago Tribune.
The great bell in the clock tower OF q ueiah.
boring church pealed the hour of noon. As
the sound Of the last stroke vibrated through
the air the hush of expectancy that had per.
vsded the modest little parlor was broken BY
the entrance Of the bridal party.
1t was no fashionable wedding, No costly
lighthouse exotics provided with lavish hand
MAIDS the air heavy with their perfume. No
richly attired leaders of upper tendon gave
to the occasion the eclat Of society event.
The bridal party consisted merely of the bride
and groom.
Yet thispair had bright expectations Youth
health and contentment were theirs. A young
man in moderate circumstances, but with q
good business position and the certain prospect
OF advancement, the proud and happy groom
felt upon his arm the soft pressure Of the hand
dearest to him in all the world. and exulted.
And upon the fair face of the bride there was
look OF pride. of trustfulness, Of timorous Joy
that almost wholly neutralized the conventional
hue of blush pink which characterized the end
OF her nose. These two young persons were
unreasoningly, sbsurdly, ridiculously happy
The few yet solemn words that made them
one had been spoken. The neighbors and
hAcHVs WIZ uao Witnessed the ceremony had
crowded about them and offered the sincere
congratulations and good wishes that como
from the heart and mean far more than the
formal lip service Of the curious, critical spec
tators at a wedding IN fashions select circles
The customary tears had been shed and wiped
away and the young husband turned to his
bride:
Darling" he said, sit was a pleasing sur
prise: Where are the musicians cOncealed?"
What musicians, Harold?'
Don't pretend innocence, Mable. The mu-
sicians that have been playing ever since came
here an hour ago and stopped at the moment
we entered this room together-where are thsy2
Their music was grand, thrilling; overwhelm-
ing! want to see them and thank them per-
sonally."
but, Harold indeed there was no"
Ut was selection from Wagner, was IL not?''
Harold, dear" said the bride, the clear light
OF truth shining in her glorious dark eyes, .fhst
neise came from the boiler factory ON the other
side Of the back alley"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
WHAT BRUSHES ARE MADE OF.
All Sorts OF Queer Materials Used in Thei
Manufacture.


eSnID YOU EVER SEE A BRUSH OF
Dspun glass?" asked professor Of physi-
cal science of a STAR reporter. "Here is one.
1t is for use where acids are employed that
would eat up any other substance. Bless you!
the materials Of which brushes are made are in
Vulnerable. Among other things they are
manufactured out Of whalebone, horn, wire and
the quilts Of feathers. The quilts and the whale
bone are split for the purpose and the horn is
softened, rolled out fat and broken into threads
Ever SO many animals contribute their hair for
brushes. Bears fur, being coarse and stiff,
makes the best vanishing brushes; brushes for
gliding and granting are made out Of badgers
hair and a part Of the hair inside of every cows
ear is utilized for lettering brushes.
''The squirrel, the goat, the horse, the bear,
the camel, the sable and even the pOlecat
supply material for brushes. Some Of it is very
valuable. three or four ounces of selected
cameis or sable's hair being worth $780, For
artists pencils the hair of the ichneumon and
ear are employed, but the best and most costly
OF such exquisite brushes are manufactured
from the long hairs of the sable's tail. How
ever, not all of these beasts put together con-
tribute 80 Importantly to the brush making in
dustry as does the hog. The hogs of Russia
bristles for the world, the crop being gathered
at regular intervals. OF the product the
whitest and best bristles are utilized for tooth
brushes and paint brushes.
I'm the manufacture Of artists pencils the
delicate hairs employed are first washed, dried,
combed, sorted and arranged in punches Of tho
desired sizes. Each bunch must be formed 30
as to have q sharp point when it Is wet Very
delicate manipulation is required in this work,
which is always performed by women and chill
dren. Each bunch is fastened together and
drawn through the large end Of quill until the
hairs project sufficiently from the other end
The quill, having been soaked beforehand in
hot water to enlarge it, shrinks enough on dry
ing to hold the brush securely. For this pur-
pose quilts from geese, turkeys, ducks, pigeons,
quails, larks and other birds are used
Among the vegetable materials used for
making brushes are cOcoanut fiber, old rope
and the roots and fbers Of many tropical
plants; also broom corn rattan and rushes y
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
WAYS OF KIOwA KIDS.
Something New That Ia Worth Seeing
the National Museum.

Something New That Ia Worth Seeing II
the National Museum.
THERE HAS BEEN NEWLY PLACED ON
l. exhibition at the National Museum glass
case containing a group Of Kiowa children Il
play, which is to make part Of tho show of the
bureau of ethnology at the Chicago fair. For
many reasons the Indians of this tribe are the
most interesting of North American aborigines
Belonging in the middle of the plains of the
great west, whence Uncle Sam took them not
long ago and placed them on a reservation,
they have always been surrounded by cloud
Of mystery. They had no kinship with other
savage nations in their neighborhood; their
language and mythology were peculiar to them
selves, and nobody has ever been able to guess
where they came from originally. Whereas,
other tribes have adopted more or less Of the
ways of the pale-faces they are living to all in
tents and purposes as they were 400 years ago,
at the time when Columbus landed.
LITTLE GIRLS AND THEIR DOLLS.
Two little girls are seen going out to play.
One of them carries her doll in cradle on her
back, just as the Kiowa woman carries her baby
while the other has IDOL stick" in her hand
with several small dolls of both sexes riding
astride it. The latter holds in her other arm a
uttle CoyOte pup. WHICH Will SrOW up some uav
and be her pet dog. Close by ia a miniature
tepee, copied in every detail after the typical
native dwelling, even to the furniture inside II
corresponds to the doll house which little white
girls amuse themselves with. There is a bed
inside, made of sticks sewn together, like ham,
mock set upon legs.
AND THE BOYS.
Peeping around from the other side O. the
tent to see what mischief he can do is q small
boy about five years old, whose mother has
dressed him up in all the toggery of q miniature
warrior. Two bigger boys are talking together
on their way to play the great "Kiowa' game
Of "chungkee." This game is played between
different clans and is very spirited. Each player
Is armed with long, light pole. The contend
ing parties go to some level piece of ground
known as the 'chungkee yard" where they ar
range themselves in two lines, as people do in
dancing the Virginia reel. One of the boys has
wooden hoop, across which coarse network
OF rawhide is stretched. At signal he rolls
the wheel as swiftly as he can between the lines
OF players and all run at once and throw their
spears at it. Those spears which pierce the
rawhide network count according to the near
ness Of the mesh through which the pole is
stuck to the center. At the end of the game
the points on each side counted up and the
contest is decided accordingly.
A great deal Of betting il done at 'chungkee"
Indians are great gamblers, and the Kiowa
warriors will wager their ponies, canoes, cloth
ing and even their wives on the result Of the
struggle. The winners are brought home in
triumph and big feast is held.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25

vent. the government having compelled the
monks to abandon it to its present and more
profitable use. The lecture and reception rooms
are ON the first floor. the professors room and
library on the second, and there are ample
court yards wherein the students ramble and
memorize their lessons by reading them aloud,
and two great chapels with vaulted roofs and
many monkish relics.
ITS RICH LIBRARY.
The library Of the institution contains some
10000 volumes, mostly Of the old Franciscan
collection, added to by requests Of two or
three defunct bishops and an occasional dona-
ton from the government. To enter this col
lege student must not be under sixteen years
Of age and well up in preparatory studies. He
cannot advance without having passed a salts
factory examination on the studies Of the pre-
ceding year and when the examinations of the
NTH year. are acceptably passed the academy
confers the degree of bachelor Of arts. Every
bachelor Is entitled to present theses on which
to be examined as candidate for the degree Of
bachelor OF laws. In examinations ON the
course students are Intercepted by three pro-
fessors for the space Of twenty minutes each.
Competitors for the doctorats are required to
argue upon their theses with nine professors sue
cessively, each discussion lasting halt an hour.
AZ the end OF each examination the professors
determine by secret ballot the approval or re-
lection Of the candidate. Having taken the
ancient Portuguese University Of Coimbra for q
model, the course Of study in this institution IL
rather Anticipated, but in connection with the
smaller law school Of Pernambuco it has for CEN
turtles furnished Brazil with all her statesmen
The genus student 10 about the same the
world over, a. full Of pranks and mischief as Of
intellectual effort. SSarming over the green
town at all imes and seasons, they remind one
OF Harvard or Of Heidelberg up rows
In the theater, flirting with every female, old
or young, that comes within their range Of
vision. and numbering sleep for tired travellers
In the hotels by rafting billiard balls till the
wee sms' hours of morning. FAxx1 n WA1D.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
Fan Collecting.


From Petersons Magazine.
Fan collecting ID becoming more and more Of
fad. There is probably no single collection in
New York equal to that which belonged TO the
late Mrs. John Jacob Aston, now, believe. in
the possession Of the Metropolitan Museum.
Mrs. Coleman Drayton has vellum fan
painted with . scene from Spanish history and
mounted on carved sticks Of sandal wood. Mrs.
ex-Sseretary Whitney has q very costly point
d'Alencon fan mounted ON . framework Of
gold. Miss Havemeyer sometimes carries q
genuine old-fashionsd turkey-wing fan. II
docs not resemble. however, the turkey-wing
fans Of long ago, for ths handle is Of tortoise
shell andths quilts are covered with pink satin.
Among beautiful and costly. fans in the pos
session Of New York ladies ID . marvel Of
Chinese art belonging 70 Mrs. Frederick VAN
derblt II h very dream, so delicate ID its
ivory carving.
Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer, has beautiful
fan painted by 6eloir and valued at o., 900.
Nrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt has . fan Of the
Louis XIV period, depicting the court life Of the
Tina.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25

PLAN one and . quarter miles distant for
Neptune.
The eclipse Of the moon on March, 1904, was
of great service to Columbus. His feet was in
great need Of supplies, which the natives of the
island Of Jamaica refused to let him have. Be
ing aware of the phenomenon that was about to
happen, he threatened to deprive them Of the
moons light, aud the arrival Of the eclipse 80
frightened them that they were glad to accede
to whatever he chose to demand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
Transition.
From Peterson's Magazine.

From Petersons Magazine.
A crude young bud on pendent stem,
wandering sunbeam near it;
The south wind croons a low sweet tune,
The shadows lean to hear it.
A sudden nush on the noweret's face,
A thrill through its leaves repose;
warmer ray, holder touch
Abloom, the full red rose!
A fair girl face, with brow thereon
A maids sweet dreams lie sleeping,
Eyes filled to the brim with questions shy,
White lids unstained by weeping;
A whispered word by lover breathed,
A strange new Joy foretold-
A hearts Wild throb, and eyes uplift
Ablaze with woman's SOUL
MORA c. FRANKLIN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-06-25
SAN PAUL0, BRAZIL.
The Headquarters of the Great Coffee
Trade.
THE TRIP FROM SANTOS.

Railway Ride Up the Hills by Series OF
Inclined Planes-Its Streets Narrow and
Laid Out without system-Its Great Uni
versity, With Its Rich Library.