davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
!. j. RINGLEY AND FAMILY
Personal.

d. z. Ward, of Sioux Falls, spent
Sunday in Hutley.
John Fitch arrived home yesterday
from his eastern trip.
Mr. G. Is. Kimberly spent Sunday
with his family in Aberdeen.
Miss Kathie Conners visited with her
parents at Parker oyer Sunday.
T.J. Fromer returned home Thurs
day from his visit in New York.
w. E. Allen returned last Thursday
from his Chicago purchasing trip.
Miss Edith Welch went to Spencer,
S. D., last Friday, where she will teach
school.
Editor Quigley, of the Parker Demo-
crat was pleasant caller at this Office
Saturday.
C. A. Near and wife j. b. Gorton, C.
NJ. Pool and T. b. Buch anan are taking
in the G. A. II. encamplnent at Mitch
ell this week.
D. w. Fairchlld and family and Mrs.
Arnett, Mr.. Fairchild's mother, de
parted Monday, for Julesburg, Colo,
where they will make their stopping
place while Mr.. Fairchild is looking up
a place to locate in the Centennial
state. ALL acquaintance in Turner
county. dislike to see this family de-
part, but the best wishes of all will be
with them wherever they may be.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Lumber is just everlastingly rolling

Lumber is just everlastingly rolling
out.
F.A. Horton is building Il house on
south Main street.
Cedar shingles, form the Pacific slope
are being sold by Slagle & Co.
Now is the time to advertise if you
want a share of the spring trade.
Work is progressing rapidly on the
addition to Rasmnssen's store building.
A cool wave has prevailed this week
and seeding operations have been at a
stand still.
Supt. Heinrich, at L. NJ. Slagle s. Cos
yard, says the lulnber sales have more
than doubled this spring.
Seed oats and barley-extra fine
quallty-for sale by N. Z. Nelson, two
miles west of Swan Lake.
John Fitch brought a number of fine
horses from Iowa, which he is offering
for sale at DR.. Graves barn.
If the party who took those n. SIS.
from Brauch's clothes line will return
the same, their name will not be pub
lished next week.
Mr.. Edward Breier and family arriv-
ed Monday from Iowa, and Mr.. Breier
is now busy getting his goods in shape
at the G. NJ. Pier store.
The coal dealers are smiling at the
change which has taken place In the
weather. Never, mind, the ice men
will have their turn next.
The sale of s. w. Baker. which was
advertised for Wednesday will take
place in front of Rundell's livery barn
Saturday afternoon of this week. the
18th inst.
The Ministerial association of the II.
E. church for the Sioux Falls district
will be held in Hurley April II, 12 and
IL. A very interesting program has
been arranged.
at the caucus for Hurley township.
to elect delegates to the county con-
vention. the voters assembled decided
that if Parker was entitled to II dele
gates Hurley was entitled to 8, and
the following were elected to represent
the township in the republican county
convention held at Parker Wednesday:
A. T. Boyd, Jas. Lease, Eli Rundell, e.
j. Bach, w. E. Allen, F. H. Newton.
Peter Allen, Vinton Mann, and L. j.
Fromer.
At the county convention held at
Parker yesterday the following named
were chosen as delegates to the state
convention to be held at Chamberlain
on the 22d inst: E. Withee, w. E.
Allen, j. +. Tomlinson, W. E. Egge, F.
w. Downer, F. G. Danforth, j. E. Ken
dali, II. 2. Smith, w. G. Carpenter, w.
H. Rector. j ohm Downer, Jas. Lease,
j. z. Ward, Jorgen Peterson, Robert
Penny, Jacob HEB, w. r. Parker,
Theo. Chase, VIM. Andrews, 0. b. Col.
man, Thos. Elce.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Hurley High school.
WEEKLY BULLET1s-1OTH WEEK.
OBITUARY.
MICHAEL RINGLEY,

( !
Deceased was born in October, 1873,
in Canton Arrou, Switzerland; came to
America in 1897, living for a while in
Michigan, then served FIVE years in the
US. regular army and received an
honorable discharge at Fortress Mon
roe. Married in Richmond. Virginia.
November, 1s45, to Anna Eva Yoor]in,
formerly OF Aschatfenburg, Bavaria,
four years his junior. Lived while in
southwestern illinois, moved from
there to Paris, Wis, in l848. where they
made their home until April, '72. when
they moved to Turner county, S. d..
and located homestead, where he
died March 3, 1899. He has been the
happy father Of nine children, five boys
and four girls, 3 boys dying while
young. The eldest son, w. j. Ringley.
has spent several years in the gold fields
of Arizona. Colorado and Dakota, and
is now located in Carbonate, Black
Hills. j. j. Ringley is living on the
old homestead, with whom the parents
have lived since they gave up active
labor, about seven years ago.
Deceased lived to see thirty-three of
his grand children and three of his
great grand children. He was always
ready to help the needy and console the
desparing, and it is doubtful if any
man in Turner county has left
more well wishers. lie is the last
brother OF the much lamented Rev.
Father Jacob Ringley, who died in
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1891.
"May the souls of the faithful depart
ed, through the merch of God, rest in
peace"
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Fer Purity try those CONNECTIONS at
Pioneer Drug Store.
Town Board Meeting.

Hurley, S. d., March II, 1892.
Board met in regular session. Pres
ent, D. Dwyer, chairman, and G. M.
Pier, also p. Allen, clerk.
Minutes of last meeting read and ap-
proved.
On motion the following bills were
allowed and orders ordered drawn on
treasury for same:
E. F. Judson, work on highway, S 300
F. NJ, Slagle & Co., lumber and
coal, 1885
T. w. Kyle, mos. hall rent. 5000
On motion board adjourned.
Attest: z. ALLEN, D. DWYER.
Clerk. Chairman.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Tho Sioux City weekly Journal.

The Sioux City Weekly journal.
The brightest, the newsiest, the best.
Twelve large pages of seven columns
each, containing the cream of the news
of the world up to the hour of going to
press.
Full telegraphic associated press re-
ports.
Complete news of the northwest by
its own special correspondents.
Reliable market reports from the
leading trade centers of the world. In
fact it gives all the news. Buy it! Try
It'll
One dollar per year, fifty cents for six
months. Sample copies free. Address
the publishers,
PERKINS BROS. Co.,
Sioux City, Iowa.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Hurley, S. D.
To the Public.

After nine months absence, again
return to Hurley and can be found at
my old stand at. Pioneer drug store,
where am prepared to do all kinds of
watch, clock and jewelry repairing.
Work and prices guaranteed. Respect
fully soliciting share of your patron
age / am yours respectfully,
JENs. T. CHRISTENSEN.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
A Little Girls Experience in a Light
house.

.
Mr.. and Mrs. Loren Trescott are keep
ers of Gov. Lighthouse at Sand Beach,
Mich, and are blessed with q daughter,
four years old. Last April she was tax
Ell down with Measles, followed with Il
dreadful Cough and turning intoa Few
er.Doctors at home and in Detroit
treated her, but in vain. she grew worse
rapidly, until she was mere handful
of Then she tried Dr.. Kings
New Discovery and after the use OF two
and a halfbottles, was completely cured.
They say DR.. Kings New Discovery is
worth its weight in gold, yet you may
get trial bottle free at p. Brauch's
Drug store.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Bucklen's Arn1ca SaIye

The Best salve in the world for Cuts.
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum, Fe-
yer Sores, letter, Chapped Hands, Chill
blains. Corns, and all skin Eruptions.
and positively cures Piles. or no pay re-
Squired. 1t is guaranteed to give per-
fect satisfaction, or money refunded.
Price 25 cents per box. For sale by +
Israuch.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
School Blanks.

| have complete stock of standard
school blanks and supplies of all kinds.
and can furnish whatever is desired.
Mali orders will receive prompt atten-
zion. v. c. WAss.
Ceptreyille. S. d.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Farm; for Sale.

A good farm OF 16o acres, 81 miles
from Hurley. ITO acres broke, good
house, and good spring of water in
posture. Enquire at Herald Office.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Try those 20 cent Oranges at Pio-
neer Drug Store.
Please Read This.

Please Read This.
Having sold out my business in Hur-
ley wish to have all my accounts set
tied as soon as possible and hope my
customers will in addition to many
fayors done me in the past, confer the
additional favor of calling as soon as
possible and settling.
Truly yours,
c. NJ. PIER.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Please Cali and Settle.

Having disposed of my stock of goods
l earnestly urge all parties owing me
on account to call and settle the same
at once by cash or secured paper.
Mrs. E. e. KELLAR.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
The campaign of 1891 will be hot

The campaign of 1891 will be hot
one.
There will likely be fusion of the
democrats and Independents against
the republicans.
1t behooves the republicans of the
state to use every measure that can
strengthen the party and promote its
interests in the contest.
The Sioux Falls Press proposes to be
most emphatically one Of the meas
ures.
It asks republicans throughout the
state to give it their support and help
increase its circulation.
THE NEWS SERVICE.
Of the Press is unedualled by any paper
in the state, and the readers may de
pend upon being kept thoroughly post
ed.
The Daily Press will be sent to any
address from any date in February TO
any date in November, covering the
campaign, for Sc.
CALDWELL & BLISS.
Publishers Sioux Falls Daily Press,
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
x..,c. to school omcer. and Patrons.

Tho undersigned is in Parker on the
arst Monday IN each month for the
purpose OF attending to any school
matters that may be brought before
him.
Respectfully,
JOHN MCATHIE.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Republican state Convention.

On account of the republican state
convention, to be held at Chamberlain,
S. d., March 23d, the Chicago & North
Western Railway Company will sell
tickets at half rates, one fare for the
round trip. Apply to agents c. & N
w. R'y for tickets and further informa-
tiOn
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
-MILLERS, SEE HERE !!

The town of Hurley offers a cash
bonus OF $500 to any party or parties
Who will build. by Oct. 1st. and keep
In operation, in said town, for FIVE
years, a arst-class 75-barrel Touring
mill.
Best location in South Dakota.
Direct all correspondence to
E. BRAucH,
Committeeman.
Hurley. S. D.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
The First Step.

Perhaps you are run down. can't eat,
can't sleep, can't think, can't do any
thing to your satisfaction, and you
wonder what ails you. You should
heed the warning, you are taking the
drst step into Nervous Prostration.
You need Nerve Tonic and in Electric
Bitters you will find the exact remedy
Tor restoring your nervous system to
It's normal, healthy condition. Surpris-
ing results follow the use of this great
Nerve Tonic and Alternative. Your
appetite returns, good digestion is re-
stored, and the Liver and Kidneys re-
sumo healthy action. Try a bottle.
Price Soc at T.. Rrauct's Drug store. 6
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Card of Thanks.

To the many who assisted lis through
our late bereavement we wish to e1-
tend sincere thanks, and trust that IN
times of sorrow and need you may all
find as warm friends and true COM
forters.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17

Tomliason's Dead Shot cures collie
neuralgia of stomach. diarrhoea and
all bowel troubles. Guaranteed to cure
collie in horses. Sold by q. Brauch.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
HURLEY MARKETS.

CORRECTED EVERY THURSDAY.
Wheat-No. Too.
Wheat-No. 2-65c.
Wheat-No. s-s2c.
Oats-l9c.
Corn-25c.
Flax seed-75c.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Tho rhird PARTY Platform

The Third Party Platform
'Rah for labor!
Smash your neighbor!
Ring out the old
Ring i'll the gold
And silver, too!
Whisky free
For you and me;
Milk and honey
Fiat money;
Inflammation
And damnatiOn.
Atlanta Constitution.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
Turner County Herald.
OFFICIAL COUNTY PAPER.

1.a x.cooK POST, NO. 81. q. AR,
: Nest arst and third Saturday of each month
Af1. n. lp q p. B. hall.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
THE DAILY PRESS, SIOUX FALLS.

Asouth Dakota
Republican
Daily
Newspaper
Fer South Dakota
Republican
Newspaper
Readers.
Turner County herald. (Hurley, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1892-03-17
rr CHICAGO AND
NORTHWESTERN

TRAINS GOING EAST.
passenger Nos 1:+ p.
Freight No. a ASS Z. M
,u,.nsa No.s 1886 P. NJ.
Yrlrhf No. rs l2:l2 P. n.
Hsks through connection for Chicago and
Sioux City.
ysakton trains connect at Centreville with
SSosh morning and evening passenger.
1.ATHHALL. Genr Ticket Agent.
+. PHINNY. Agent.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
CONDENSED TELEGRAMS.

AT Deming, N. NJ, an old hunter and
frontiersman named George Darling,
has arrived from Casa Grande, Mexico,
and reports the discovery OF long
| abandoned village. Several brick build
ings still remain. and the surroundings
show that it mustat one time have been
large town.
THE steamer Missouri sailed from
New York for Russia on the 18th loaded
with food for the famishing. She carries
2, 100 tons Of -four and meal
THE beef trust has burned its books
in order to escape the scrutiny OF the
Federal officials.
Gov. BRowN, of Kentucky, on the
18th signed the bill which makes. the
operation OF lotteries penitentiary
offense.
A TRUST. including the ribbon manu-
facturers of the country, is being or
ganized, and it is the intention to
start it out on the basis Of a capital
stock of $50, 100000.
THE gigantic fly wheel at the Cincin-
natl electric works burst on the 14th
with destructive effect. 1t was "a feet
high, weighed "a tons, and was making
IS revolutions per minute. 1t smashed
SIC, 900 steam engine, crushed several
dinamos and knocked out one side Of
the obuilding. The loss may foot up
nearly $40, 600.
Ilainfeld, N. j., it has been dis
covered that the water works tap river,
which flows under the city, and that the
supply is inexhaustible. The water is
very pure.
NEAR Columbus. S. c., negro woman,
being troubled by chickens thieves, fed
poison to her fowls. Several of her
neighbors have since died. and the
chickens are roosting in peace.
THE House Committee on reform In
civil service on the 14th agreed to re-
port favorably the bill to exclude politi-
cal influence in the employment OF Ia
borers under the au thority of the United
States.
TIE situation on the lower Rio Grandt
border on tho Texas side is assuming
serious aspect. Complaints from highly
respected citizens concerning the al
legged unjust action of certain Unltef
States troops and their commanders con
tinue to pour in from all quarters.
JOHN F. BRIGHT, who shot anc
killed his wife in Laney County, Mo-.
day CT two ago. has been euptured'
| had trial, was convicted and executed
Judge Lynch presided.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
CRIMES AND CASUALTIES.

bob MUsGRAvE, the life insurance
swndler, was taken into the circuit
court at Terre Haute, Ind, on the 9th,
ana Judge Taylor overruled his motion
lot new trial and sentenced him to the
S'ate prison for ten years.
LETTER was received by the sheriff
" Ohlcago, on the 9th, from Juneau,
Alaska, from ]. H. Howard. of that
Place' informing him that W. B. Tas-
cott, the alleged murderer of Millionaire
9neli, is now in the Yukon river coun-
.'y' o0O miles northwest of Juneau, and
expected to return in August.
JOHN ANDERSON, the Dane whose
1dine as polygamist is as wide as the
oouhtry, is wanted in Germany. He
VII be tried in Cleveland, O., for steal
ing $1,000 from his latest dupe, Mrs.
Lien Purcell, of st. Louis.
w the 1lth George Woodyat Has
,iHeS unlonist member of parliament
o' East worcestershire. was sentenced
- y I'VE years at hard labor for embez-
1,hg 4l5.0O0 from the estate of John
nFoWn, of which he was trustee.
An awful colliery disaster occurred at
iilHoerlues, Belgium, on the nth. Three
-'uhdred miners were entombed in the
r. very few of whom could be reached
- Noiunteers. Latest accounts es-
s.lHated that from $50 To 200 of the
.a ner many Of whom are women,
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
THE SCULPTOR'S ART.

PRINCESS LOUISE of Lorne is engaged
upon bust of her royal mother, Queen
Victoria, which will be shown at the
worlds fair.
Mr.. NOBLE, Cambridge sculptor, is
making for exhibition at the Chicago
fair bronze statue to represent man
perfectly proportioned according to the
ideas of DIR. Sargent, the physical diree-
tor at Harvard.
THE statue of Queen Isabella, which
Harriet Hosmer is to produce for the
worlds fair, will present the queen as
she steps down from her throne to be-
stow her jewels upon Columbus, and it
will be one of the finest works that Miss
Hosmer has ever produced.
FRANKLIN SIMMONS, the sculptor, who
is spending few weeks in Washington,
obtained sittings there soon after the
late war from many of the union gen.
erals. He is now at work on statue
Of Grant for the rotunda of the capitol,
and expects to complete it in two years.
1t will be of marble and seven feet in
height.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19

matter to the Secretary Of the Treasury,
the late lamented William Window, and
then to the President. Chief Meredith
was sustained, two printers who had re-
fused (under instructions of the Plate
Printers Assembly of the Knights OF
Labor to work with the coiored girl
and were discharged, and taken back on
condition that the first one OF them
should accept her as his assistant. Since
then there have been forty-five young
ladies of color certified to the Bureau,
and there are now forty-six OF them at
work-performing their duties in an en-
tirely satisfactory manner. Since the
first Introduction OF colored girls as
printers as st nts, however, the lead
ers of the Pla.e Printers Assembly have
waged relentless war upon the chief,
and are still adhering to their resolu-
tion to fight him to the end.
FOR EDUCATION.
The per cent. and amount of distribu-
tions to institutions for colored students
in agricultural and mechanical arts
made by the Secretary of the Interior
for the Southern States for the first
three payments Of s4s, 900 to each State
under the Morrill, bill, approved August
So 1890, was
Alabama. Normal School, Huntsville, 43
per cent. 20,6iO
Arkansas Branch Normal School, Pine
Bluff, 27 per cent. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1850
Delaware, Delaware College, Newark, 20
per cent 1900
Florida, State Normal School, Talla-
hassee, 461z per cent nt.................... 2,32O
Georgia, Branch Georgia University,
Athens, 4S per cent nt..................... 23,040
Kentucky State Normal School, Frank
fort. Is Der cent. Observation-Disclosures. 1900
Louisiana, Southern University, New Or
leans, 80 per cent. ..........--.---.... 2s,0oe
Maryland. Maryland Agricultural Col
lege, Station, % per cent nt................ u,Oio
Mississippi, Alcorn Agricultural College,
Rodney, 5S per cent. nt..................... 27,siO
Missouri, Lincoln Institute, Jefferson
City, per cent -......-.-.........--.... 1850
North Carolina, Shaw University, Ral-
eigh, 81 per cent Observation-Disclosures. 17,76o
South Carolina, GO per cent. nt..............
Tennessee, Fisk University, 26 per cent. 12.4so
Texas, Prairie View Normal School, A
Hampstead, Is per cent. ............. 10000
Virginia, Hampton Normal Institute,
Hampton, ssh per cent. .............. 10000
West Virginia, West Virginia Institute,
kanawha, per cent nt.................... 1900
Total S22S, 100
RECAPITULATION.
Colored Employees, Executive Departments and
tlPr branches at Washington. ID. e.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
The basis when it is obtainable is the

The basis when it is obtainable is the
last State school census; where this is
not attainable, the last United States
census. The census of 1890 is recently
attainable for this purpose, SO that the
ratio for the three years has necessarily
varied somewhat, but the amounts
given are approximately correct and as
nearly the exact figures as can be
reached without a vast amount of labor
among the records.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
THE WORLDS FOUR CORNERS.
ARABS never eat fish.

ARABS never eat fish. a-..B-8s
THE tallest and shortest people in Eu-
rope, the Norwegians and the Laps,
live side by side. l Hl
THE Egyptian fellah is apparently
the worst taxed man in the world.
Even on the palm tree, which gives
him food and shelter. he pays fifty cents
year.
The natives Of Costa Rica not only
believe in the mermaids, but pretend
to have seen them comb their sea green
hair and try the effect of their coquetry
on unwary fsherboys.
THE people of Rome get their supply
Of water, which is said to be remark
ably pure, from the Apprentices through
an ancient aqueduct that was con-
structed BY their forefathers:
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
A Miser's Hoard Found.

N. M. Cox, farmer who died in Mar
shall county, KY, several weeks ago,
was supposed to be in moderate circum-
stances, but his administrator found hid
about his home half bushel OF large
silver coins Cox seems to have been
miserly, as his family was but poorly
cared for
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
-Four Boys.

The wife of Christian Caldwell,
thrifty colored farmer of Orange burg
county, S. c., recently became the
mother Of four babies, all boye. One Of
the quartette has died, but the other
three, as well as the mother, are doing
well
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
Endorsed the Torrey Bill.

Both the New Orleans cotton sex-
change and the louisiana sugar and
rice exchange unanimously indorsed the
Torrey bankruptcy bill as pending in
congress, and petitioned for its early
enactment
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
Owned Up.

w. T. Read, charged with burglary
at Texarkana, Tex. admitted the crime
and got two years. He said: 'sThey
caught me dead to rights. and forty
lawyers would not do me any good"
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
Loved Her Old Home.

Mrs. Edgar McCracken, wife of Chi
cago business man, committed suicide
in Richmond, Va, because she could
not live at her old home in Richmond.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
Removed a Large Tumor.

Mayfield tKy.) physicians removed
tumor from Mrs. j. C. Braun, of Cuba,
KY, which weighed seventy pounds.
Mrs. Braun. who is 40 years old, is do.
ing well, and bids fair to recover.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
Paralyzed In the Pulpit.
Refused a Pardon.

A train load Of prominent men and
women arrived in Little Rock, Ark,
the other day, and demanded of Gov.
Eagle the pardon of ]. r. Williams, Of
Conway. Faulkner county, who had
been sentenced to the penitentiary for
one year for killing Sam NcCulloch.
The governor refused the request.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
A MAGNIFICENT SHOWING.

How More Than Thirteen Hundred Gov
ernment Omcos are FILLED by CoIored
People Under the Present Republican
Administration on Facts and Figures.
Huntsville gazette., 1892-03-19
DestroKed by Fire.

The Cochrane cottonseed oil mill and
fertilizer works at Rock Hill. :. C.,were
burned few days since Loss, 100000;
insurance, s52,eQ0,