davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10
CHAPTER III.
THE START.

The car Of the "Aeropole" had been con-
structed especially for the needs of this e1-
pedition. It was 40 feet long and IL broad,
made of wicker work, covered with alum
mum and lined with six inches of felting.
There were five windows in the car, each
two feet square; one on each side, one on
each end and one in the floor. It was heated
by petroleum apparatus especially devised
by Prof. Wilder. 1t was divided into three
rooms. There was the dynamo or engine
room, whence the ship was to be propelled
and started This was in the bow, so to
speak. There was the middle or sleeping
room, 15 feet long, and there was the pro
vision room.
No dogs were to be taken on. The party
did not expect to have to travel on foot in
the inaccessible regions to which they were
to 60 Indeed, according to Melville,
above the s6th latitude, dogs will be found
q nuisance rather than help. The car was
designed to carry five men and their person.
al luggage This footed up 1,175 pounds;
six months food for the men, 8, 168 pounds;
weapons and tools, 584 pounds; scientific
instruments in charge of the tutor, 6,117
pounds; patent car-ooat, MelVllIe sleoge,
powder, fireworks, ETC., 1922 pounds; two
rope ladders, 1929 pounds; water and
alcohol, 1893 pounds; with total of
35, 418 pounds
As the carrying capacity of the airship
was more than twice as great, there was
added a further ballast Of water, alcohol,
ETC., that brought the grand total up to
"a, 600 pounds
The "Aeropole, for such was she christ
ened, was now able to keep for two months
on the wing, with provisions for at least six
months for five men on liberal rations.
Above the car was platform of observa-
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10

rection. But let us suppose . wind to blow
in opposition to the direction of the sound.
How q Sound Wave l. Detected.
Close to the earth's surface the winds
motion is retarded by friction; and, as the
air is to some extent viscous, its successive
layers, proceeding upward, will be retarded
In their motion over the lower ones. In
brief, the wind at height above the earth 9
surface will move more rapidly than close
to the surface. Consider, then, the case Of
a soundwave, that in calm weather would
remain perfectly vertical, passing through
air thus in motion. 1t is obvious that the
wave cannot continue vertical. As whole
it will be pushed back by the wind, but
because of the quicker motion Of the upper
air, it will be pushed further back above
thrown into leaning attitude Cif may
use the term), its upper portion inclining
toward the source of the sound.
Bearing in mind, then, that the wave
moves in direction perpendicular to Its
front, and bearing in mind that the perpen-
dicular to that front points obliquely up
ward, the wave will follow this oblique di-
rection. It will pursue its way through the
upper air, eluding observers upon the
earth's surface. The sound is thus detected,
not blown away, by the wind. The credit
Of verifying this theory Is due to Prot. Os-
borne Reynolds. have myself made many
experiments on this subject, and verified
the results of Prof Reynolds. By means
of ladder planted on Wimbledon Com
mon was enabled to raise my head to q
height of II feet above the ground
The Theory Conclusively Established.
The hammer of the bell that employed
was adjusted by a spring, so that the stroke
should always have the same value. Carry
ing the bell along the ground to windward,
q point was at length attained at which an
ear played near the ground at the foot of
the ladder heard nothing. On ascending
the ladder the detected waves were recov-
cred, the sound becoming distinctly audible.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10
A GUN TO THROW v1TR10L.
Hideous Method Of Warfare Proposed to
suhjugate the Negroes.

Hideous Method Of Warfare Proposed to
suhjugate tho Negroes.
Several Paris papers announce that dis
tinguished officer Of the French army, Com
mandant Mattel, has just invented and SUBJ
mitted to the Minister of War q new kind
of rifle so contrived as to project at a dis
tance of 20 metres powerful spray of Wit
riol 1t is added that it is not to supersede
the Lebel rifle, nor to be used in European
warfare, but only against savages and ne
groes, on whose naked bodies the corroding
liquid would tell with fearful effect, and
would prevent the ugly rushes which these
barbarians resort to against trained troops.
1t is calculated that the vitriol rife
would very materially assist the efforts of
the pioneers of French civilization to reach
Lake Tchad, unless, indeed, as seems to be
expected in some quarters, the Military
Convention against the use of explosive bul.
lets for small arms ammunition should be
held as bar against the adoption of an en-
xine which seems inconsistent with the
usages Of modern warfare.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10
SOUND IN THE WIND.
Professor John Tyndall Explains
Why You Don't Hear a Noise
WHEN A GALE BLOWS AGAINST 1T.
The Air Current Defects the Waves So
They Go Over Your Head.
ELECTRIC LIGHT ABSORBED BY FOG
WRITTEN roR THE p1srATcH.1


1t is everyone's experience that sound
can be heard better with the wind than
against it. It is common to say that ''the
wind blows away the sound" but from
experiments made while scientific adviser
of the Elder Brethren Of the Trinity House,
the Board of Trade and the Board Of Irish
Lights, know that the sound is not blown
away, but only detected SO it does not
reach the ear.
In the year 1873, after my return from
the United States, an elaborate investigation
on fog signals was begun at the South Fore
land For several weeks we operated with
trumpets, whistles and guns; but on October
8 an instrument was introduced which has
continued to play an important part in fog
signaling ever since, steam siren, invented
and patented by MI. Brown (or Braun), Of
New York.
The following is brief description of the
apparatus: "a boiler had its steam raised
to pressure Of 70 pounds to the square
inch. On opening q suitable aperture this
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10

tion rallied off and reached from the interior
Here the sledge and the boat were lashed.
The car itself was built to float, so that in
case of accident she could be easily de-
tached and used as miniature Noah's ark.
On the night whose morning broke the
LIST of July every man of the five adven-
turers had slept within the three-acre in
closure, while several men guarded the ves-
sci of the air. Ugly rumors had got about,
and yet, up to this morning, Prot. Wilder
had not been very anxious. Two days be-
fore, the board covering that protected the
huge airship from sight had been taken
down, and the enemies of the plucky in
ventor, ever lowering about the place,
trying to spy out his doings and to serve
writs, made up their minds, as we have
seen, that final trial must be made
or their bird would soon fly. For three
months Hennepin had vainly endeavored to
serve that injunction, and in the meanwhile
he had been fastening the construction Of
an airship from the same lines and design,
in order to prove his title before the courts.
Backed by Mr.. Vanderlyn, Prof Wilder
had gained some hot preliminary judicial
skirmishes, and things looked hopeful up to
the time of this forcible, illegal attack. The
early train had brought 20 special officers,
whose instructions was to stop the work un-
dertaken by Professor Wilder, if not to de-
stroy the completed wonder
''Open in the name of the law of Illinoisi'
shouted the leader of the gang again, as he
battered at the bolted, oaken gate that pro-
tected the polar expedition. Five minutes
leftl 1t was o'clock in the morning. The
five held an immediate consultation with
the foreman of the machine shop. Through
minute peek holes they could see that the
crowd was determined. A hundred roughs
and sightseers had collected. Amy act of
violence seemed possible.
"Why on earth can't we cast off and let
her go?" asked Jack Hardy. He seemed
in nowise troubled, and had already en-
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10

ended, and after my report had been pre-.
sented to the House of Commons, few of
the Elder Brethren went to the South Fore
land with view of determining whether q
siren worked with air under pressure could
not be substituted for a siren worked by
steam. The air in this new instrument was
compressed by an air engine. There may
have been grounds cogent with the Elder
Brethren for the adoption of this latter.
Be that as it may, although the pressure
attained by the air engine did not approach
that attained by the steam engine, and al
though the experiments of the gentlemen
to whom have alluded were, to the best of
my recollection, begun and concluded in a
single afternoon, they decided that the air
siren was quite as good as the steam siren,
and recommended the abandonment of the
instrument with which all our experiments
had been made, and upon which all our
knowledge had been founded; and the es-
tablishment of the air siren at all points of
our coasts where such instruments were re-
quired.
Eject of Wind on Sound.
During the South Foreland investigation,
whenever the wind was too strong to permit
Of our going to sea, we turned our forced
leisure to account by making upon land OBJ
servations on the action of the wind. Two
parties of observsrs, starting from the sta
ton, would proceed, one to windward and
the other to leeward, noting as they went
their observations Of the sounds 1t was BY
no means uncommon to find the range to
leeward five, six or seven times the range to
windward. Indeed, there were times when,
If circumstances had permitted the observa-
tions to be made, the range to leeward would
probably have been found ten or fifteen
times that to windward.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10

steam would issue forcibly in continuous
stream, and the sole function of the siren
was to break up this stream into series of
strong pufs. This was done by causing a
disc with IL radial slits, placed in the
throat of great trumpet, to rotate behind
fixed disc with the same number of Sits
''When the slits of both discs coincided a
puff escaped; when they did not coincide
the steam was cut of. Each puff of steam
at this high pressure generated sonorous
wave Of great intensity, and the successive
waves followed each other with such rapid
ity that they linked themselves together to
a musical sound SO loud as to be best de-
scribed as continuous explosion"
With regard to the instruments employed,
q uniform superiority could not be con-
oeded to anyone Of them. Charged with
proper powder, the gun is frst-class sig
nal. Still our observations we're so numer-
Gus and long-continued as to enable us to
come to the sure conclusion that, on the
whole, the steam siren was beyond question
the most effective fog signal which had
hitherto been tried in England. 1t was
especially powerful when local noises, such
as tnose OF vino, rigging, breaking waves,
shore surf and the rattle of pebbles had to
be overcome. Its density, quality, pitch
and penetrative power rendered it domi-
nant over such noises after all other signal
sounds had succumbed. The steam siren
was, therefore, without hesitation recom-
mended by me as coast signal. Provision
was made for its rotation, SO that all points
of the sea should receive by turns the maxi
mum or axiaI sound.
Compressed Air to Produce Sound.
have no desire to be severe in my judg-
ment of the course pursued regarding it, but
I have always regretted, and have frequent
ly expressed my regret to the Elder Brethren
and others, that this fine signal was not al
lowed to remain for purposes Of. comparison
at the place where it was originally used
1t was, however, not only removed, but
abolished. After the experiments were
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10

render it effective as a fog light But eI-
periments have convinced me that electric
lights are poorer than either oil or gas
lights in fog because the waves Of Light
from the electric lights are more easily
absorbed. JOHN TYNDALL.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10
Value Of a Lock of Hair.
Pail Mall Budget. ]

The other day we referred to the Grand
Old Mans locks of hair. It would be in
teresting to know the commercial value of
these '1yart haffets." Now, we have to
hand an American dealers catalogue, in
which one of the items consists of locks Of
hair of Byron, Shelley, Keats and Leigh
Hunt, neatly put up In pssse-partout frame
on decorated card, and offered at the mod
est sum of S1O0
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10
BY HERBERT D. WARD.
RITTEN FOR THE DISPATCH
SYNOPSIS OF PREVIOUS CHAPTERS


WsS West to Chicago
hcago
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10
REFR|GERAT0RS AND BABY CARRIAGES

We have everything and all prices and of settlement
suit all could ak7 Why should not have
comfort house when We sell cheaper
than house the CITY, Why sell cheaper Because
do business It's that firm
goods competitor who
THAT is OUR CASE EXACTLY.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10

This PAPER CLAIMS A CIRCULATION OF $4,000 TO-DAY.
We every believe this claim Of all people do
read ads Well take for granted that of % $4,000 read
this d To those people particularly wish make few remarks It's
the that desire make
particularly what do
that all need Furniture Carpets Bedding Stoves Ranges Etc
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-04-10

COuiu SuiHd nave rtdllZtu years ago the
condition of affairs that exists now, the
missionary clause would probably have
never been admitted. 1t must have b cen ad-
mitted, even then, only because China, as a
whole, is pantheistic and could see no OBJ
lection to adding Christianity to Confucian-
ism, Taoism, Buddhism and Mohammedan-
Ism, which already existed. Probably the
difficulty is not really with the religion, but
with the powerful elements of Western civ
ilization which accompany it.
China is composed of large number of
provinces, or States, over which the general
Government has little real authority, It
controls the officials, and can degrade them
or take off their heads as occasion requires
but the people themselves are only con.
trolled because they are like large focks of
sheep, peaceful and timid, willing TO SUBJ
NIT to oppressive taxes for the sake of
peace; but if they are oppressed too much
or other occasion arises, they are feared be-
cause of their enormous numbers A mob
OF such people is cowardly and cruel
Difficulty in Suppressing a Riot.
Moreover (and here is a serious difficulty
when it comes to suppressing a riot) it is
against the theory of the Chinese form of
paternal government to shed the blood of
the people, they being the children of the
Emperor Hence the Taotai, or Mandarin,
who orders the soldiers to fire on the people
is in more danger of being degraded than
the one who does not order his soldiers to
fire, but does allow property to be de-
stroyed. 1t is allowable to shed blood in
defense of life, but not in defense of prop
erty.
There is no such thing as patriotism, As
we understand it, in China People of one
district take no interest in their nelghbors;
whole province might be captured by for
eigners, and its neighbors would care moth
ing about it and large, portion of the pop
ulation would even know nothing about it.
Patriotism will probably come with rail-
roads but not before. Tne province of
Human furnishes most of the soldiers. They
are brave when well led, but the Chinese
are essentially a non-fghting people, and
In country where military leaders have .
Morning journal and courier., 1892-07-02
FAIR HAVEN NEWS.

Borough Committees Appointed
Patriotic Services-A Couple of Mar
riages-A Load of Plaster From Novs
Seotia-Vesper ServIce-Fair Haven
East Brilliantly Lighted Last Even
ing-The Inhabitants Rejoice.
Captain w. A. Wright, the warden Of
the borough of Fair Haven East, has ap
pointed committees as follows: Finance
Measrs. Sizer, Bradley, Stone; lights,
Allen, Sizer Dayton; nuisances, Shannon
building lines, Stone, Sizer, Dayton; pc.
lice, Bradley, Stone, Sizer.
The music to be rendered at the choral
service at the Grand avenue Congrega-
gational church Sunday evening will in
clude: Batiste, offertory; short gloria;
venite, Gounod; Star Spaneled Banner
bass solo.
There will also be given patriotic scr
vice for the benefit of the children at the
Grand avenue Baptist church Sunday even
ing. There will be patriotic songs and
Rotations, an address by the pastor, and
a flag will be presented to each juvenile.
Colonel w. R. Dewey and wife of Win
chester, Va, are for the summer with
their son-in-law and daughter, Rev. and
Mrs. D. NJ. James.
Henry Potter, son of William Potter,
the oysterman, and Miss Daisy NJ, daugh-
ter of Mrs. Josephine v. Gessner, were
married Thursday evening. Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Putney will return from their
wedding trip, made to Nova Scotia, In q
few days.
''Doubting Castle" is the subject of the
midsummer vesper service to be given at
Second Congregational church tomorrow
evening.
Miss Bertha Ives and party of class
mates of Mt. Holyoke seminary are at a
Pine Orchard cottage to remain two weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. 81. F. Smith leave to-day
for Cape Ann.
A vessel is loading at Nova Scotia with
plaster for the Adamsnt Plaster company.
Charles Schlegel has returned from New
York, where he was successfully treated
for cataract of the eyes.
At o'clock last evening electricity was
turned on in the borough and the fourteen
arc lights cast brilliant rays of illumina-
ton over Fair Haven East. Many people
were watching for the new lights and the
advent of electricity was hailed with de-
light. This is the first time that the SEQ
ton on the east side of the harbor and of
Quinnipiac river has been lighted with
electricity. It is notable event, for it is
but the precursor of other modern i'm
provements that are even now demanded.
Another year more lights will undoubted-
~ be added to displace the old kerosene
lights.
B. s. Bradley and his hired man yester-
day afternoon caught three lads that have
been depredating on his Atwater street
property. They were locked up at Grand
avenue precinct, but will not be prosecut-
ed. Mr.. Bradley says he will stop this
trespsssing, however. =
Joe Kramp, the east side shoemaker, has
from Ansonia with bride and d
receiving congratulations from friends.
Morning journal and courier., 1892-07-02
To Niagara FAN. and Saratoga.

A large number of people will be pleased
to learn of the renewal of the ever popular
personally conducted four-day visits to
Saratoga and Niagara under the auspices
OF the Hygeia Recreation company, T. E.
Peck, manager. The first date for the
Saratoga trips will be Monday, July II,
and each following Monday until the close
of the season. Tuesdays, July 10 and Au-
gust 16, are dates of the Thousand Islands
tour, and September 6 that of Niagara
Falls. Lake George and Mt. McGrepor are
arranged for as usual
It was stated in both Saratoga and Mia
CARA Falls that the parties brought in on
these trips were the best class of people
that visited those cities and the MANAGE
mont was equally praised.
The new electric road at Saratoga, six
teen miles in length, is one of the new at
fractions at Saratoga. The National Edu-
cation association will convene on the day
following the arrival of the Saratoga
train, which viii be Of interest to many.
Morning journal and courier., 1892-07-02

captain of the baseball team, the captain Of
the Yale eleven and several of the invited
guests. The banquet continued until an
assembled had GIVEN thrse ronsinr cheers
| for cold Yale" three more for the crew
who had SO gallantly led the blue to victo-
| ~ at New London, another three for the
baseball and football teams, the party broke
up and dispersed to their various abiding
places.
Never in the history Of Yale has there
been such q general celebration over the
victory of yale crew as occurred last
evening. For the time being both the cit
liens and collegians united in one grand
demonstration in honor of the victorioui
crew, and enthusiasm ran rampant.
Morning journal and courier., 1892-07-02
DAY WITH THE VETERANS.
Admiral FoOte Post Excursion to
COney Island-The Public Invited to

Coney Island-The Public Invited to
Join.
At the great parade of the Grand Army
in Boston two years ago Admiral Foote
post attracted much attention, being
greeted with cheers all along the line of
march. With one exception it was the
largest Grand Army post in the parade,
marching in regimental formation of
twelve full companies, each company COM
manded by its own officers. 1t is believed
that similar reception awaits it at the
national encampment in Washington
in September. To maintain the reputation
of New Haven it is desirable to swell the
ranks of the post By taking along every
member in good standing who has provid-
ed himself with the regulation uniform.
Several of these worthy members are I'M
able to meet the expense of the Washing
ton trip, and the officers of the post are
making an effort to take them along
They have chartered the Elm City, and
will give grand excursion to New York,
Bay Ridge and Coney Island Wednesday,
July 10. It is believed that not only the
comrades throughout the city and djoin-
ing towns, but that hundreds of friends of
the veteran soldiers will join in the excur-
sion and help swell the fund for the chart
table object. Those who do not care for
Coney Island are making up parties to
stop off in New York and spend the day
in Central park and other points Of inter
est, taking the steamer at Peck slip on its
return at night. Other friends of the vet
Grams will 60 to enjoy the sail, remaining
on the steamer at Bay Ridge and viewing
the wilderness of shipping passing up and
down the narrows. Those requiring state
rooms should apply to Past Commander
William e. Morgan at the freight Office,
Belle dock. au....