davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25
Restoring the Drowned.

Prof. Laborde's simple method OF
restoring life in persons apparently
drowned has been recently tried In
France with signal success. The other
day at watering place in Normandy
two bathers, young man and boy,
who were unable to swim, went out
OF their depth and disappeared. They
were brought on shore inanimate, and
were taken to the village. Two doc
tors were sent for. but the young
man gave no sign of life, and they
declared he was dead. NJ. Laborde,
who was fishing at half an hours dis
tance, came up as soon as he heard of
the accident. He examined the body,
and found that the extremities were
cold and the heart had stopped. Then,
taking hold OF the root OF the tongue,
he drew it violently forward, giving
it q succession of jerks in order to ex-
cite the reflex action Of the breathing
apparatus, which is always extremely
sensitive. At the end of few min
utes slight hiccough showed that
the patient was saved. In addition
to the usual restorative means, Prof.
Laborde, in extreme cases, rubs the
chest with towels soaked in hot and
nearly boiling wa er, although the
skin is bliStcrcd by this.
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

the AZtecs, smoking mountain, is the
most IOtcd volcano in the Western
hemisphere, and one OF the highest
mountains in either America, its snow
covered cone towering up II ,S53 feet
above the sea. At its summit there
lies an immense crater about mile
across and more than q third Of mile
in precipitous depth. Sulphur from the
crater is or has been quarried at an ele-
walton Of 12,OOO feet. During the last
800 years there have been but two or
three eruptionS, and those have been
mild. Smoke constantly issues from
the mountain, and at times cinders and
stones are sent up in showers.
Mount ST. Elias. in Alaska, is classed
as an active volcano. and exceeds Popo-
catap I'll in height, the latest estimates
placing it's height at IL, 100 feet.
Interesting volcanic remains are to
be found in the western part Of the
United States and especially in Utah.
The most interesting volcanic district
in Utah is near Fillmore, where volcanic
buttes and tables rest upon the plain at
distances of ten to thirty miles apart
The Tabernacle crater and Pavant
butte may be mentioned in connection
with volcanic remains in Utah.
The demonstrations accompanying a
volcanic eruption depend upon the char
acter Of the material within the crater
and the passage leading downward. II
the crater has thin floor and the pas
sage below is partially open or filled
with molten lava, the volcanic gases
can escape upward and outward with
comparative quiet. But if the passage
is badly obstructed violent explosions
may take place, pre- :eded by rumblings,
and even by earthquakes, far-reaching
in effect.
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

there We're numerous Outbursts from the
top OF the great cone which caused it to
reach a greater elevation than at any
former reriod, the height April 3 being
4,253 feet above the level of the sea.
At the beginning OF 1871 the noun
tain again exhibited signs OF activity.
which continued throughout tho year
and eliminated In the eruption OF 1872
April "a five streams of lava issued from
the great cone. During the night of the
25th a fresh stream of lava issued about
half way down the side OF the crater.
A number Of people had collected to
Wow this, when torrent OF lava sud-
denly burst out close to the crater Of
1865. and envelopcd and killed number
of the sightseers. TIL. 2sth and 18th
there was tremendous outBurst Of
ashes, which fell over the surrounding
country as far as Naples. obscuring the
daylight and entirely destroying the
vegetation.
Other vo'can,es.
Iceland, as is well known, has a geo.
logical formation, and its hot volcanic
cruptions form a strong contrast to IFS
climate. Most of the mountains of the
island have been volcanoes. Hccla, the
most famous, is between 1000 and 5000
feet in height. 1t has eighteen record
cd eruptions. the latest being 1S45-6.
The earliest known eruption was in ll04,
which gave the name "sand-ran winter"
to the season i'll which it occurred.
Vast quantities of dust are discharged
from the Icelandic volcanoes. n column
of ashes said to be 5000 feet high hav-
ing arisen from HccIa in 1866.
Popocatapetl, or, in the language of
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

est gloom of night in the open air than
the close and blind darkness of some
narrow room. But in proportion as the
blackness gathered did the lightnngs
around Ecsuyius increase in tn ir vivid
and scorching glare. Nor was their
horrible beauty confined to the usual
lines Of fire; no rainbow ever rivaled
their varied and prodigal dyes. Now
brightly blue as the most azure depth
of southern sky. now of a livid and
'naielike green, darting restlessly to
and f,o rs the folds OF an enormous SER
pent, now of n lurid and into!erable
crimson, gushing forth through the coll
umns of SMOKE far and vide and light.
ing up the whole country for miles. then
suddenly dying into Il sirkly luicness,
like the ghost of their own life.
in the pauscs of the showers You
heard the rumbl ng of the earth beneath
and the groaning waves of the tortured
sea. or, lower still, and audible but to
the watch If the intensest fear. the
grinding and kissing murmur of the cs-
Gaping gases through the chasms of the
distant mountain Sometimes the cloud
appeared to break from its solid mass
and by the lightning to assume quaint
and vast mimicries of human or of mon
ster shapes striding across the glCom,
crowiing one upon the other and van
ishing swiftly into the turbulent abyss
Of shade.
Suddenly the place became lighted
with an intense and lurid glow. Bright
AMI gigantic through the darkness
which closed around it like the walls of
hell the mountain shone-a pile Of fire.
Its summit seemed riv. n in two, or rath-
er, ahOXe its surface there seemed to rise
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

own work aud fulfill his own destiny
Each will fulfill til. requirements of
his own time and share the burdens
thereby imposed.
There is enough to engage the at
tention of the reformer in almost any
direction. The economical and social
condition of the masses Of men is bad
enough, but it can he improved in
many ways. Elevation is a possibility.
1t is practical as we'll as desirable
among all classes. We see it here and
there among the poor and lowly, and
along all the thoronghfares that lead
through our social organism, which
shows that things at their worst are
sure to mend when the means are used
to make them better.
Indulging in these reflections, We
stop and look about us, and while
there is quite enough to cause alarm.
at the same time the outlook is encour-
aging. There is silver lining to the
clouds which promises to grow larger
and larger. The army of progress
gathers increasing strength-it keeps
pressing forward in its great march
onward to the goal of its largest de-
sircs.
just here the farmers movement
comes to the front. shouting the cry
of freedom" Catching the inspiration
of the times, speaking through the re-
form spirit that rermeates the indus
trial classes, it joins in the great march
onward and shares all the burdens it
imposes. National View.
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

they derive from loaning other peo-
ple's rdepositors'') money. Take
from them these two sources of income
and they will speedily retire from busi-
ness.
Bondholders: A highly respectable
class of people, whom people support
with ass-like patience. by promptly
and regularly paying their interest
money upon taxed government bonds.
Many simple minded persons indulge
the idea that said hondholders very
patriotically saved the government
during the war, but " hen It is remem-
bered that they did it upon condition
of paying only about GO cents on the
dollar for bonds it is presumed that
none but simple-minded people, very
simple-people, will ever think of en-
rolling the names of bondholders
the country's saviors.
Coupons: Written obligations {at-
tached to bonds to pay tribute to an
untaxed bonded aristocracv.
Office Seekers: Men who purchase
office and steal enough from the Gov
ernment to make good the purchase
money.
Politicians: Double-facc men who
are full of patriotism for their country
and love for the people before the cleo
tions-but full of corruption and dis
honesty after election.
Taxation: A system of levving con-
tributions upon he people, principally
for the support of a horde of official
leeches.
their country for $l3 per month in
greenbacks, while bondholders re-
NAMED at home and got gold coin.-
Chicago Express.
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25
out a column Of vapor so loaded with

out column Of vapor so loaded with
ashes as TO have the appearance Of
black smoke. and which assumed the
usual form of n pine tree. The column
cf vaPor was carried over nearly 10
miles Of country. At the same moment
the summit OF the cone CURED out seven
streams Of lava, one of which destroyed
twO-thirds Of Terra del Greco; n second
Rcsiha, which had been built on the site
Of Herculaneum; another the village Of
Granatello and n part of POrtici. No
less than IL, 1000 persons are said to
have pershed in this catastrophe.
Other eruptions occurred in 1888 and
1870, when the crater was so cleared out
that three distinct holes could be seen in
action at the bottom OF the hollow
From 1904 to l7oS there were frequent
eruptions. the worst being in 1907, when
ashes, stones and lava were cast forth
in great quantities, Naples being Aug.
4 covered with dense shower of ashes.
From 1872 to 1877 there We're constant
erup.ions. being at times thrown to a
height of 1000 feet above the orifice
from which they issued The years
1751, 1854, 1853 and 1860 were also very
turbulent.
The mountain was comparatively
quiet until 1894, when two streams of
lava Were thrown out. one over the mar
gin Of the crater, the other from tho
base of the old cone accompanied by a
sea Of flame. One stream lost itself in
the AtriO del Cavallo, the other flowed
down in vast current OF great rapidity,
nearly half mile broad and from
eighteen to thirty feet deep. 1t did not
stop for eight days, and In its course it
destroyed the village of Caposecco,
leaving only four houses out of 500. In
1889 there were also eruptions OF
great violence. The crater was changed
by the last outtursts, assuming the form
Of funnel 800 feet deep. accessible to
the bottom.
After a few years of quictness tho
mountain again resumed business at the
old stand. The night of Feb. 9, 1854,
there was terrific explosion and pour
ing out of lava. one stream reaching
and utterly destroying Bosco Reale, the
wood formed Of stately oaks and ash
trees. The large trees, as soon as en-
velcped in the seething lava stream,
poured out jets of Kissing steam from
every knot and branch and then exc
p]oded with a loud report, shooting up-
wards of fifty feet or more. 1t formed
a wonderful spectacle to see those large
trees, burning brilliantly. shooting
through the air in every direction. This
eruption changed the appearance of the
mountain entirely. The walls OF the
old crater We're broken down and the
central cone reduced in height and form.
After this Eesuvius became G ,mpara-
lively peaceful. though 1t sputtered and
shook the earth occasionally.
During the first three months Of 1868
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

Judge E. II. Thayer advanced a mum.
Der Of interesting suggestions in his
speech before III, good-roads conven-
ton at Des Moines the other day. He
advocated the cooperation Of the gov
ernment, State, county, township, city
and individual in bull ling frst-class
roadways through the State. Quoting
that part of the National Constitution
which says, Congress shall have power
to establish postofficcs and postroads,"
he took the giouni that every inhab-
liant of Iowa was entitled to have his
mail brought 10 his home, whether that
were in the city or country.
Judge Thayer woull have the Gov
crnment help also by returning to the
respective States whose lands were sold
on Government account the money de-
rived from them. less the purchase
price, the cost Of surveys and the ex-
pense Of selling. This would give Iowa
in round numbers Sc. 500 900 as Govern
ment contribution to the building Of
good roads.
He world have the State take part by
issuing S., ,000, 900 worth of per cent.
bon Is, and the cities could aid If the
Legislature would authorize the COM
mon councils to appropriate money for
good roads in any part Of the county.
instead Of, rs now. limiting the expen-
diture to within three miles of the city
limits.
This convention, its delegates repre-
eenting every county in the State, is
one of the most important ever held in
Iowa. It is the first fruits OF agitation
in Iowa in favor of Transforming the
muddy, sticky, bottomless trails mas
querading as highways into good smooth
thoroughfares serviceable every day in
the year.-Chicago News Record.
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25
WHY PEOPLE REVOLT.
NO GOOD REASON FOR NOT
DOING SO.
Old Party Orators Proclaim That There
Is No excuse tor ~ Third l'arty-They
Call Us "Caiamity IlOwiers' and tho
Like.
The Issues.

If the old party leaders have any
should not revolt against the present
condition of things, why do they not
state them openly and clearly? Both
Republican and Democratic orators
loudly proclaim from the stump that
there is no excuse for n third party
the men who complain of hard times
are calamity howlers" and are either
too indOlent or too stupid to improve
their opportunities. What great in
suit could be offered the toiling
masses? Gaze upon the hundreds of
thousands of idle men in the large
cities of the country listen to the
pitiful cries OF their starving babies
and see the scallinS tears flow down
the hollow cheeks of distressed wives
and mothers as they sit in a tireless
room and await the coming of the
sheriff. or perhaps an armed mob of
Pinkertons to eject them for onpav-
ment of rent. Real of the lock-outs,
the strikes. the formation of great
trusts and the shrewu schemes and vii
famous methods restored bv the great
employing concerns of the country to
reduce the wages of the lal,oring man
and keep him slavery. Pick up your
daily papers-even those which are
urging the election of both Harrison
and Cleveland read, nearly
every day. an account of some New
England capi alist having made, in
some sharp deal, million dollars.
Note!the steady and rapid concentra-
tior of the wealth of the country into
the hands. of few men. Realize the
magnitude of the power think of the
corrupt Legislatures and judiciaries.
Look down the long list of nillionaires
Of the country, Which Republican pa
pers delight in parading before their
readers. Realize that :i3.G0O men al
ready own onehalf of all the wealth
of the country, and specula G on the
future. All this and volumes more
indeed what we have referred 20 is but
the commencement of Il single chapter
Of existing and growing evils of the
country, under system Of government
which Republican and Democratic
bosses tell us is all right. and cannot
be improved upon. The old party
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

two monster shapes, each confronting
each as demons contending for IA world.
These were of one blood-re hue of fire,
which lighted up the whole atmosph, re
far and wide, but be'ow the base OF the
mountain was still dark and shrouded,
save in three places, down which flowed
serpcntine and irregular rivers of the
molten lava. Darkly rel through the
profound gloOm of their banks they
flowed slowly on toward the city.
Through the still air was heard the rat
tling of the fragments of rock era ehing
one upo, another as they We're borne
down the fiery ca:aracts, darkcniny for
one instant the spot where they fell and
sutfuscd the next in the Furnished hues
Of the food along which they foated."
The effect Of this eruption was to
destroy the entire side OF the mountain
nearest to the sea. leaving the only
remnants of the ancient crater. the low
er ridge on the south flank now called
La Pcdamentina, and that portion of
the wall which under the name of SOM
ma cncircles about twO-fifths of the new
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

cold near the top that extra coats were
necessary. The abyss of the crater was
found in 1877 to be about thousand
feet deep and some two or three miles
around.
Mount Vesuvius.
The volcano Of Vesuvius is more ccle-
brated than Mount Etna, although it Is
only 1900 feet in height, against the
nearly eleven thousand feet Of Etna.
Probably Eesuvius has been nearly or
quite twice its present height.
The first eruption of Vcsuvius OF
which there is any record occurred Aug.
"A in the year 10. during the reign of
Titus. 1t is memorable not only as the
eruption which destroyed Pompcii and
Hercuaneum and caused the death of
Pliny. the naturalist, but also as having
had his nephew, the younger Pliny, for
its historian. He gives /; most graphic
description of this magnificent though
terrible scene.
The cloud which had scattered so
deep murkincss over the day had now
settled into Il solid and impcnctrabe
mass. 1t resemblcd less even the thick
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

out food of lava two miles wide.
Stopped for time by the city walls OF
Catania. the lava rose gradually to- Il
height of sixty feet and finally rushed
over the walls and destroyed part of
the city. Altogether some fifteen towns
were destroyed by this eruption and
lava thrown out covering al area of at
least forty square miles. The latest
eruption prior ~ the present one was in
1885. This lasted about three weeks
and was preceded by earthquakes. Gin
ders fell as far distant as Mcssina,
about eighty miles from Mount Etna.
Mount Etna is one Of the most noted
and marvellous volcanoes in the world.
1t is located on the eastern coast of
Sicily, is 10,sGS feet or more than two
miles high, and it's base has circum-
ference OF about ninety miles. Some Of
the lava from its ecuptions forms head
lands several hundred feet high along
the 1onian Sea. The area OF the noun
tain is about four hundred and eighty
square miles, and includes two cities
Catania and Aci Reale-and sixty-thrcc
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

There are fifteen National Banks in
New York City, which have deposits
exceeding $1,000, 900 each, the largest
amount being $1,000, ,0G0 in the Ma
tional Park Bank. and the next largest
amount so, 900, 900 in the Chemical
National. Ten banks have over $15,-
OOO, 900 each loaned. Estimate the
average at $2O, 900: and We have
$4OO, ,O00. 900 lying idle in one city in
these fifteen banks. Again ten of these
banks each have s15,OO0.0OO loaned
out, or a total of $l5O.OOO,O00. Some
thing must he done to stop the con-
centration of money in the hands of
the few or to state it palmer, to de-
s.rov the power of money to oppress.
The sub-treasury system will cure the
evil
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25

strikers have commenced their old
game, which they work in every Presi-
dental campaign, that of ridicnling
and abusing men who decline to do
their bidding. So far in the present
campaign the Republicans have not
sought to justify from the stump, nor
through the dress. their assertions that
governmental reform is not demanded
and that the peoples movement is a
craze and not founded on common
sense or necessity. As usual, in Presi-
dential campaigns. their chief stock in
trade is abuse of reform advocates and
the nauseating photography of that
old bloody shirt, which has passed
from modern history. The Democrats
keep up the old howl about ''tariff re-
form" and WELD the party lash with
all their old time vigor, but, like the
other crowd, are they the true repre-
sentatives of Plutocracy, and make no
effort to disguise the fact.
This is an age when men read and
think for themselves. 1t is plain that
We are on the verge of social and finan-
cial ruin. and vile abuse of the men
who see the need of speedy change
in national affairs will not prove win
ming card in the present campaign.
The people have been driven to the
wall and there must be a reaction. Let
the opponents of the Peoples move
ment harmonize the claim that the
present system of government is all
right, with the exhisting condition of
affairs in this country. Let them
prove to the wage worker that he is at
fault and the author of his own misery.
Let them satisfy the people that it is to
their interest to vote to establish an
aristocracy and concentrate the money
of the country into the hands of few
individuals. Let them show wherein
the country is benefited by the forma-
tion of trusts and grinding monopolics.
Prove to us that the two old political
machines are not operated in the inter
est of capital and against the poor and
weak. When they have done all this
We shall be ready to concedo there is
no excuse for this great uprising of the
people. Appeals to party prejudices
will not hold the parties together this
year, for the voters require something
more-they want to know why they
are called upon to remain loyal to po
litical machines which have grown tt
be devouring monsters, as it were-a
living menace to the safety of Ameri
can of freedom. The living issues o
the day must be met honestly and fear
lessly y-bombast and deceit have fallen
below par with the people, and the
self-acknowledged corrustionists and
wreckers of human happiness ant
prosperity must yield up the price o
base treachery, for the American peo
pie have risen in one invincible tod,
to demand it-Omaha Daily Public.
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25
lscfOryn Thought.

Thirty years of wrong and oppres-
sion is forcing this reform movement
to success. Sedalia Mo- Truth.
Falling prices, misery and destitu-
tion are inseparable companions
Wichita Commoner.
No bloody shirt racket in ours. We
want more peace, more money and less
blood. Harold Press.
The sacred" right of the dollar as
against the right of man, is going to
I've settled, and that soon.-Lamar
Union.
Lazy men are most positive; they are
too lazy to inform themselves, or to
change their minds. s.-Cincinnati Pco-
pies Aid.
The ripe fruits of decentralization and
gold bug methods anarchists and
Pinkerton assassins. Winnemucca
Silver State.
Congress was without quorum for
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25
Useful Definitions.

Interest: A sum of money which
borrower pays lender for the use OF
his money, considered in the light OF
statutory enactments-buti in reality
sort of blackmail which money mon
gers levy upon commerce. 1t is for
bidden by divine law, bnt it is very
pleasant and profitable employment to
the money mongers that fact is not re-
garded as serious hindcrance.
Banks: Institutions which live and
flourish upon the interest of what they
owe, through the issuance of bank
notes, and upon the interest which
The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895, 1892-08-25
FIRE BELCIlES FORTH.
ERUPTiONS OF TWO CELEBRAT-
ED VOLCANOES.
How Old Vcsuvius POurc I Out Destruction
and Then SnOltlcrc.i for Years Terrible
Work of Mt Etna in 1l69-Othcr Great
Volcanic MOuntain~.
Mt. Etna ana Its Flames.

Mount Etna is again in eruption, and
for the eighty fourth time is attracting
the attention OF the world. The earliest
recorded eruption Of Etna is one men,
toned by Diodorus Siculus. which
caused the Sicani to desert its vicinity
and move further TO the south. No date
is given. but it is said to have taken
place in the seventh century Il. c. The
most terrible eruption Of the mountain
whtc. has ever been recorded was in
February, 1859. An earthquake, felt
for long distance. destroyed Catania
and buried $1,000 people. The cathe-