The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-10
FARM, FIELD, GARDEN.
Fungicides Recommended by
State Board of Horticulture.
HOW TO HURDLE SHEEP.
Their Restless Disposition Easily Salts
ned-Movable Poultry Roosts and
Nests Easily Cleaned.
BORDEAUX MIXTURE.


purpose. In a tub or half-barrel slack
four pounds of fresh lime. When COM
pletely Stacked add enough water to make
creamy whitewash. Pour this slowly
into the barrel containing the copper sui
phate solution, using a coarse gunny
sack stretched over the head of
the barrel for strainer. Finally
fill the barrel with water, stir thoroughly.
and the mixture is ready for use. Pre-
pared in this way the cost of one gallon of
the mixture will not exceed l cent, the
price of copper suiphate being cents per
pound and lime 80 cents per bushel. In
all cases it is desirable to use powdered
copper sulphate, as il costs but little more
and dissolves much more readily. 1t is
highly important also that fresh lime be
used.
AMMoNIACAL SOLUTION OF COPPER CARBON
ATE.
In an ordinary water pail mix FIVE
ounces of copper carbonate with enough
water to make a thick paste. Dissolve
this paste in three pints of strong aqua
ammonia; then dilute to forty-fve gall
Ions. If three pints of ammonia are not
sufficient to dissolve all the paste
add enough to bring about this re-
suit. Copper carbonate occurs in
the market in the form of a fine greenish
powder. The retail price is usually 20
cents per pound. Aqua ammonia having
strength of twenty-six degrees retails at
cents per pound. Upon this basis one
gallon of the ammoniacal solution of cop
per carbonate will cost cent.
In view of the fact that copper carbonate
is sometimes difficult to obtain, the fol-
lowing directions for manufacturing it are
given: In half barrel, or some smaller
vessel, dissolve three pounds of copper
sulphate in two gallons of hot water. In
another vessel dissolve three and one-half
pounds of common washing soda or sal
soda in one gallon of hot water. When
cool, pour the second solution slowly into
the first; then, as soon as all action has
ceased, add enough water to bring the
whole up to eight or ten gallsns, and stir
thoroughly. In twenty-four hours pour
off the clear liquid, taking care not to dis
turb the sediment. Add fresh water and
stir again. Again allow the solution to
stand twenty-four hours, pour of the
clear liquid as before; then remove the
sediment. which is copper carbonate. Pre-
pared in this way there is from one and one
half pounds of copper carbonate at an ex-
pense for materials OF approximately Is
cents per pound. The copper carbonate
paste may be Immediately dissolved in
aqua ammonia, using two gallons of the
latter, or as much as may be necessary for
the purpose. This concentrated fluid
should be kept in well-corked jugs. and
when ready for use should be diluted at
the rate of one pint to twelve gallons Of
water.
EAU CELESTE.
Dissolve two pounds of copper sulphate
in eight gallons of water. When COM
pletely dissolved, add three pints of strong
ammonia and dilute TO forty-five GALLONS.
Prepared in this way, the solution will
cost about two-thirds of cent gallon.
MODIFIED EAU CELESTE.
Dissolve four pounds of copper sulphate
in ten or twelve gallons of water, and stir
in five pounds Of washing or sal soda;
then add three pints of strong aqua am
monia; dilute to fifteen gallons. The cost
will be l n cents per gallon.
TREATMENT OF APPLE sCAB.
For this disease either modified eau
celeste or ammoniacal solution of copper
carbonate, preferably the former. may be
used. At least four sprayings should be
made, the first just as the flowers are
opening, the second twelve or fourteen
days later, and the third and fourth at
similar intervals. In case the season
is wet, one or two additional treatments
will undoubtedly pay. For trees
fifteen to eighteen feet high, the cost of
four sprayings with either of the fungi
cides mentioned need not exceed 20 cents
per tree. When the work is done on a
large scale, Is to Is cents per tree will cover
the cost of four treatments. Two addi-
tional treatments will add to the cost from
6 to cents per tree.
TREATMENT OF PEAR sCAB, CRACKING AND
LEAF BLIGHT.
These diseases, caused by two different
species of fungi, are now successfully COM
bated by one line of treatment. In most
sections all three diseases are found ASSOC
ciated Bordeaux mixture has given the
best results in this work, although am
moniacal solution has proved almost
as effective. The only objection to the
latter is that it sometimes gives the
fruit a rusty appearance, which is not
at all desirable. The first spraying for
these diseases should be made when the
trees are in flower. In ten or twelve days
a second treatment should be made, fol-
lowed by third and fourth at the expira-
ton of two and four weeks respectively.
In the nursery pear leaf blight is often ex-
ceedingly troublesome. 1t may be almost
entirely prevented by spraying five or six
times with the Bordeaux mixture, making
the first application when the leaves are
about one-third grown, and the others at
intervals Of ten or twelve days through
ont the season.
The cost of treating full-grown standard
trees with the Bordeaux mixture as indi-
Gated, will average from l. cents to IA cents
per tree. For dwarf trees the cost will
/ range from cents TO u cents each. The
cost of treating with the ammoniacal solu.
ton will be considerably less, probably
not exceeding 10 cents for standard and S
cents for dwarf trees. In the nursery pear
| seedlings can be treated six times with the
| Bordeaux mixture for 30 cents per 900.
| TREATMENT OF TOMATO BLIGHT.
The board would recommend that trials
be made with the Bordeaux and am.
monical mixtures as treatment for the
tomato blight. The spraying should be-
gin early, after the plants have been sci
out and begin to grow. The operation
should be repeated at interval:
| of about fifteen to twenty
| DAYS. three or four times; then
once or twice later, during July and Au
| gust. Shading the plant is also recon-
mended, as mentioned in Bulletin No. 2
| This is done by placing two sticks in the
ground during the months of July and
| August; over them place piece of muslin
and tack fast 10 the sticks. To preserve
the muslin, it could be painted with white
| lead or linseed oil.