Daily tobacco leaf-chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1890-1895, 1892-05-04
WHALING OF TODAY.
SOME FACTS ABOUT WHALES AND
HOW THEY ARE CAUGHT.

Many of the Big Creatures Weigh Over
Hundred Tons-One-Half of TheiI
Bulk Is Observation-Disclosures Bring al
Much as 1000 After Being Cut Up.
1t is necessary to know how whale
looks and what its habits are in order tc
understand how they should be hunted
They are about 80 to GO feet long, and look
like immense black logs floating in the
water when their bodies appear on the sur
face They are detected at a distance by
the stream of water they spout through
their blowholes. From one-fourth to one
third the full length is taken up by the
head which is from to 10 feet long and
from to Il feet in thickness.
Whales are entirely destitute of teeth,
but instead the mouth is furnished with
IN apparatus of baleen or whalebone, for
the purpose of straining out of the water
the small fish and crustaceans which form
their food. The fibrous structure of whale
bone, its elasticity and heaviness, are all
well known The plates of it in the mouth
are very numerous, several hundred on
each side and placed very close together,
the whole quantity sometimes amounting
to over two tons in weight. The tongue is
soft, thick mass, and does not extend be-
yond the back of the mouth. The gullet is
very narrow, not over ~ inches even in
the largest, so that animals not much
larger than ones thumb cannot pass down
their throats.
The skull is not symmetrical, the right
side being larger than the left; the flesh is
red and coarse, the skin is naked and
mOistened by an oily fluid. Parasites in.
fest the skin and some species of mollusk
burrow and live in it. Below the skin is a
thick layer of blubber from one to two feet
in thickness, sometimes weighing over
thirty tons This keeps the animal warm,
and enables it to resist the great pressure
of the water in the depths to which it de-
sends The tail is five or six feet long
and twenty to twenty-five feet broad, and
is II most powerful weapon of defense. The
eyes, not much larger than those of an OK
are on the sides of the head, about "a foot
above the angle of the mouth. Whales
weigh from SO to 1875 tons, and of their
weight at least half is of value and finds a
ready market.
WHERE WHALES ARE FOUND.
In addition to the two tons of whalebone,
there are about 800 barrels of oil in bow
head whale Besides the bone and oil,
whales afford very valuable product
known to commerce as ambergris. 1t is a
morbid secretion of the liver and intestines
of the sperm whale, solid, Opaque, ash
colored inilammable substance, lighter
than water, of consstence like that of
wax and having, when heated, fragrant
odor 1t softens in the heat of the hand,
melts below 2l2 dogs Fahrenheit into n
kind of yellow resin, and is highly soluble
in alcohol
1t is usually found floating on the sur
face of the ocean OF cast upon the shore in
regions fVequented by whales, as on the
coast of the bahama islands, Aleutian
islands and other north Pacific islands,
sometimes in masses of from so to 225
pounds in weight. In this substance are
found the beaks of cuttlefsh, on which the
whale is known to feed. 1t is highly val
ucd as Il material for perfumery and was
formerly used in medicine as an aphro-
disiac and for splicing wines Sometimes
us much as twenty to thirty pounds is
POUNDS in one whale, and all this is nddi-
tional profit of course. A bowhead whale
is worth from goo TO 5000, or from $500
to about 5000
They feed by swimming along with their
mouths open. When it closes the water is
drained out through the valves at the
sides and some is spouted up through the
blowholes. The small fish and mollusks
thus captured make up their food.
Now for the mode of hunting them. On
all of the whalers a lookout is kept from
the crows nest" on the mast, and when
one is sighted spouting the lookout re-
ports, "There she blowsp' "Where away"
is called from the deck. 1.-TWO points on
the starboard bow, sir, or wherever else
it may be, Immediately boats are low
cred and the chase commences, The least
unusual noise will brighten them, and
after sail is set on the boat no one is al
lowed to speak or move a foot even. If
there is no breeze to carry the boat, then
the man in the stern paddles in that direc-
ton as noiselessly rs possible not daring
to use an oar, for fear the splash will
brighten the victim.
HARPOONING A LEVIATHAN
The boat follows as closely in the wake
of the whale as possible, and the bowman
stands in the bow, harpoon in hand. This
harpOon, or "iron." as it Is called, is q
broad bladcd spear head three or four feet
long, very sharp and having about six |
inches cutting surface on each side, and is
fastened on a pole about ten feet long just |
ahead Of n gun that is fastened to the same |
pole. A spring connects the harpoon and |
the trigger of the gun, so that when the |
harpoon enters the flesh the pressure back |
ward pushes the trigger spring and the |
bomb is exploded. Then comes the fun. |
Stunned and stung rs he is, the whale |
starts down to escape, and the bowman |
pays out the line attached TO the harpoon |
pole, As soon rs it is slack he hauls in
again and pays out when it tightens So
on it goes until the boat may have been
towcd several miles, but still holding on
and taking another shot every chance Of
fcrea. and rs soon as the whale is killed it
IL Irg4laI .tnpfrgf1a md Fastened IN thf