The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1892-05-15

,',.,r.,ed g. The feed tank by the. ar pui.p.
ana nom thence back 10 the ,o"oi3 ~ =, ~
iced puulp- When u leaves lno 49,. 800 -
steam Of 100 pounds pIess sl5 degrees Fshren-
|n,. when s, gets back Il Is water WIN no
~ ~ a tenperatEre OF lZ0 degrees
roE-orboit In the meanwhile. however -
fsan eruauded about SIX times III the
cylinders.
rrrrvrrros or HORSE POWER.
Tho ,,,it Of work il the weight OF one
,,,..fl raised one foot high IN one minute
al SCALED "A f0Ot-pound. Now Natt uls-
$50 mat the average horse could raise
Wv Do., ..,rds one foot in a minute, 80 $4,000
f,.t ,.'uuG. was adopted as unit and
rofod 81 to-se-power This difference should
be .bseryel between the horsepower anu the
mower Of horse An engine OF one-horse
mower rHn exert tie power OF morse ior an
indefinite .eugth u time that Is. II can III
$1,000 pounds oue foot hlsh every huhuto
AZ tie time While hOrs0 cannot WORK ~ tlls
rate more than eight hours day. Also the
quality of horses must have deteri0rated since
the horae. power unit was established. as re-
cont experiments 20 % show that II takes q
pretty good horse 70 raise 10000 pounds one
foot nigh per minute during eight horse
day From the above 10 IS seen thar one
horsepower engine will DO at the least as
much work per day as thee horses
1lE LENGTH or KNOT.
Tine knot is the length of one minute Of
loucitdle measured or the equator. ITS leDg'h
benny ESQ feet u is an absolute unit OF
lengtb. whlo the statute mile Is al afoitrar{
O1e depending entirely upOn BRASS iOu
kept IN London which IS called yard.
The high md intermediate pressure Gym
der- nave double ported piston valves on -
degrees and n degrees IN diameter respect
lively while the low pressure cylinder las
d0nbio ported slide valve. These valves are
,.trated bv the Stevenson Ink gear: each
valve worked by two eccentTlcs on the crank
sla.t. one ior ahead motion aud tue ot0ei io4
Este,n motion The rods from these eccen-
trics are joiued o. the opposite ends oi INK
tae wave stem carries on It's bottom enu
a block which slides Oh tie linz,
and # this block is az the end OF
tie link which is joined 20 the ahead eecer-
tric rod then the valve VIII be worked by the
head eccentric and the engine VIII 80 ahead.
II the ink Is pulled over 81 That the DOCK is
40 the end Of the link 10 winch the astefn &c
centric rod is joiued then the astern eccen-
tic W, rks the valve and the motion II the
engine is reversed and II vii 60 astefn. Now
% reverse the engine 10 Is only necessary u
pull the links Of the three valves over, and o.
d. this an independent engine is used. Inc
steam valves 10 this engine called the re-
yersing engine. are actueted by system OF
links IN such a manner that the main engines
can be reversed iustantaneOusiy Oy MOVING
small lever. q lever 50 small that O cEild could
move IL with its little finger.
THE FOUSDATIoSs.
The prope'ling engines are placed in two
water ght rooms. which are only divlded 10y
a steel watei-ught bulkhead. The found d.
tous for the engines arc built IN the SNIP. and
ANON them are boltsd the cHststeel beds SIX
! i'm number for each engine. c0nts.uug the
! bearings for the crank shafts. Upon these
/ beds are bOlted the six caststeei \ columns.
| two for each cylinder. The cylinders are
/ b0ted on the tops o. these eo.aines ia
vertical position with their axis perpeadicu-
/ iar o. the crank Shafts
4 better idea may be gained Of the size o.
+ the engines through the weights OK some of
! rs parts Each connecting rod weighs about
t Oi0 pounds The largest cylinder weighs
| ab0ut 20 600 pounds. There viii be l20 feet
I wrought steel shaftiug for each engine.
hanging from 1874 to IA inches IN diameter.
which viii weigh on an average 400 pounds
per DOT.
On the end of the shaftng outside Of tho
ship are placed the screw propeller. They
aye Of manganese bronze. u feet e inches IN
/ diameter and II feet inches pitch. There
/ are four blades which are bOlted 70 a boss
/ or hub which has a diameter one-quatter
J that of the screw. Each blade has an area
/ of 1875 square feet. or a total Of four blades
] Of as square feet The starbOaTd propeller -
/ q rght-handed screw and the port is left;
/ handed one. When the engines are gong
/ ahead the screws revOlve IN opposite direc-
/ tons. Each propeller viii weigh about SIX
tons. The nut on the end OF the shalt
/ which secures the screw weighs 300 pounds
The cOndensers are Of brass and weigh
about nine tons. There are 800 brass tubes,
q inch iu diameter and l2,3 feet long ~ each
! of them. A vacuum of y seconds Of Iner-
cury viii be obtained.
AUXILIARY MACHINERY.
l:fst and foremost comes the ai--pump.
10th size and importance. There are two
.u number one for each condenser. Zach
pump consists Of two single acting vertical
pumps, worked by an independent compound
engine Each engine will develop about rs
horse power. The use of the aiT-pump Is 80
draw the condensed water. air and yapor
from the condensers. this pump being lack
NJ the accumulatng air and yapor would
destroy the vacuum IN the condenser.
The circulating pump Is q centrifugal one.
10 merely gives the water speed and direction
IL pumps water through the tubes Of the con-
deuser The valves Of the pump are - inches
i'm diameter and weigh J. 700 pounds. There
IS one for each condenser.
DISABLING PLANT.
As the boilers must use fresh water and as
there is considerable waste this Is q very I'M
portant adjunct 20 the machinery. Also al
the water used for drinking, cooking and
Washing Is iululSucu DJ lAlr dilhihtD9f tDh-
semently it is a necessity. la the O.d-fash-
toned distillers the steam from the boilers
was simply condensed and the water evapora-
ted iu the boilers and supplied % the dstller
had 70 he replaced by salt water. In
the one designed for the Texas, BY Passed
Assistant Engineer Baird, of the navy.
the steam from tho boilers Is admitted
10 series of coils in what IS called the
eyapo-ator. which IS simply boilor with
steam heat Instead of the ordinary FIRE. Salt
water is pumped into the evaporation and sur-
rounds tie coils and IS rapidly converted into
steam This steam Is led To the distiller and
condensed and is the fresh water OF course
tie steam ia the evaporator-ooils IN giving uD
the heat 20 the salt water ~ condensed. but
the water Is saved and pumped back - tce
boiler. tins expected that tnls apparatus WILL
FURNISH between SIX and seven thousand gal
Ions o. water per day.
The other auxiliary engines are as ioloW5.
The duplex pumps IN each ehgihe-rOOm
three hundred gallons per minute.
Eight feed pumps pumping one hundred
gallons per minute against $50 pounds pres
sure per square inch.
Two venti4atiug ian engines.
EIGHT fan engines for forced draught.
four pumps furnishing 323 gallons OF water
per minute 30 the turret engines at pressure
OF Ga9 pounds per square inch.
An engine for turning each main engine.
An engine for working the reverse gear of
each main engine.
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