Morning journal and courier., 1892-04-30
s. Neither actually possesses e foot of

tics. Neither actually possesses e foot of soil. Most hold their patches of ground, or huts, when they are simply cotiers and lsborers, at the will of the lord; and rent is seldom collected in money, for of mon ey they have little or none. Field pro- ducts are sometimes taken in lieu of mon ey, but rents are usually, almost univer- sally, collected in labor, amounting to from eighty to one hundred working days in each year to each man.
 The Ruthenian is the tidier, thriftier, more manful man of the two. His dress is of coarse, hempen stuff, with his shirt hanging outside his trousers, with occa- sionally a ssck-like coat made of the coarse, long hair of the mountain sheep. His feet are covered with moccasins pointed at the toes and laced from the toe to the ankle. He wears no stockings, but loosely winds his legs with cord from his ankles half way to the knees, where it binds his baggy trousers closely. In the summer he wears 6 straw hat, and in the winter a Lapland hood. He is 6 coarse, clean man, never fat, of splendid muscu- lar development; wiry, active, alert and by all odds the best workman or lsborer in Galicia.
 The Ruthenian woman has some edd ideas of dress. The material is usually of Soai DC iluSn. lcf koNur Wuicu ls III fcall- ty her chemise, is open from neck to knees and is belted in loose folds about the waist. Another curious and distinguish ing article of dress is her woolen apron. She is never without this, but it is worn behind, never in front. She has no stockings or under garments, but her feet are shod like her husband's-with pointed and laced moccasins. Her head, in winter and summer, is always bound in 6 gaudy handkerchief, but she possesses no other article of clothing whatever, except a sheepskin coat for winter use. What she lacks next her skin she makes up in orns- mentation. have counted more than score of brass rings on the fingers of her two hands. Her earrings of hollow brass would hold enough oil to light the family fireside for an evening; and her necklace of glass or imitation coral beads, coiled @ half dozen times about her by no means charming neck, is always yards in length.
 The Ruthenian "stove" is nothing more nor less than wigwam fire, which smold- CTS continually upon a clay floor in the center of the hut. It is never allowed to die out. 4 space about forty feet square is laid with we'll knesded clay. The edges are slightly raised. In the center of this the fire is lighted. All cooking utensils are ranged about the fire and have no oth- CT place. They are not many, for the food of these Ruthenisns consists almost who'll ly of corn meal boiled in porridge or baked in @ cake resembling the southern corn "pone,n and they rarely use other condiment than salt.
 The appearance and regimen of the Pol ish peassntry, whether lsboreIs about the oil fields. woodsmen or agriculturists. are very different. The men are of slower action, dark, ungainly and wear mus z.z z-E. .s. 4 pearance. The women are bony, hard featured, save among the very youthful maidens, with black. bsady and restless eyes. Neither men nor women are pleas ant in appearance or temper.
 They have no distinctive dress, unless rags may become by their universal use distinctive. They are the most uncouth and forbidding lowfy folk in their homes or at labor I ever met. But none are SO poor as to not possess neat suits for Sun days, feast days and market time diver sion. On these occasions the women sp- pear in cottons of the most striking col ors Like the Ruthenian women, they are loaded down with Brumagem jewelry, and green, yellow or red kerchief turbans their heads, while the men invariably ap- pear in black.
 Often five to ten families live under one roof. but usually the donna, or house which the Ruthenian calls his buda, Is 6 tiny hut of one room. All the furniture in this- cots, stools. tables and chests-are hand made and almost always made by the peas- ant himself. There is invariably one box on which he has lavished his most loving art. It contains his keepsskes and treas ures and all his kreutzers and gulden. He never relinquishes the key to this, and not even his wife knows how little or great is the store it contains.
 The Polish peasants stove is & square box of stone or brick, with 0 square hole in front and another square hole on top. As his stove is more modern than the Ru- thenisn's, his food is more varied and bet ter. He is a lover of all vegetables and cabbage is almost a staple of food. This is varied by his bsrsz soup, or & vegetable soup containing chunks of pork, and each Polish peasant is said to consume half 6 ton of gorken, or cucumbers preserved with bay leaves and salt, every year. Another meal of which he is very fond is potatoes and sour milk The latter costs but five kreutzers per quart, or eight cents per gallon. He is 8 slave to spirits, and the average Polish peasant consumes one gallon of vile German schnapps every week.
 The houses of both Ruthenian and Pol ish peasants are out one story high, with one room open to the roof. They are m de of slabs and bits of refuse timber from the mountain mills. These bits are rudely mortised together. When the i'm ner structure is completed pegs are driv- en into the sides. Clay mortar is then thrown upon the pegs and pounded until it is solid. The surfaces are then wet and worked by hand and light msllets un- til perfectly smooth and dry, when the huts are whitewashed and thatched. Lit | tic groups of these chsrmingly diversity the often dreary Galician landscape. EDGAR l.. WAKEMAN.