davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
APPALLING FIGURES.
Mrs. McSwat's Statistics Wei

Mrs. McSwat's Statistics Were
Not Approved OF by Her Hus-
band.
Mrs. McSwat- Billiger, now often do
you get shaved?
Blliger-About four times a week ON
an average.
"How much time does it usually re-
qure?"
about half an hour"
''Half an hour four times a week?
That's two hours week, four and one
third days in year, and nearly a
month and a half in ten years. Think
of it Billiger. If you should let your
beard grow you would save time enough
in ten years"
but look here, Lobelia! Great Scott!
| don't want to let it grow. Did you
ever see me with full set of whlskersW
NO, but"
well, let it be the cause of the most
heartfelt JOY ana gratitude you ever ex-
perenced. Lobelia, that you never did.
With full beard, madam, | look like a
cocoanut In fit of delirium tremenS. i
tried it once, years ago.
''DogS barked at me OH the street,
children fled from me in terror. foot
pads who caught a glimpse OF me by
moonlight, or the pale, Pickering rays
of street lamp, dropped their SandbagS
and skunk tremblingly up the alleys,
and was offered $50 month and all
expenses by dime museum man for a
YEARS engagement. My portrait was
hawked all over the country as the most
hideoUs-"
Il don't believe any of that stuff,
Billiger and Pm sure"
Don't interrupt me, madam. My
beard grows straight out. up, down,
sideways, every briStle for itself, like
the spines on tile fretful chestnut burr,
and it grows In every shade and color,
from brindle to vermill0n and back
again. If you could see me once with
hedge fence all over my face you
would"
"But think of the time you lose in"
''The time lose Look here! How
often do you fix your harp"
'.Eyery day of my life, of course, but
that's different"
THAT'S different, is 1t, hey How long
does it take you 10 fix it?'
81 think you're just as"
"You needn't answer. L know how
long it takes. I've seen you do it often
enough 1t takes you half an hour every
blessed day of your life 10 look after
your frizZes, if that's what you call
them.'
'ThInk of it, Half All hour day.
three hours and half a week. nearly
eight days in year. and entire month
III four years, whole year III forty
eight years. and over two years III
century! Lobelia, you'd better 20 and
look after the baby. Chicago Tribune.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
MANY LADIES IN LINE.
"A Unique Procession at Heron
Lake, Minn.

Special to the Globe.
HERON LAKE, MINI, Nov. 5.-W. S.
Hammond, Democratic candidate for
congress, and Louis Stern, the gifted
German orator of st. Paul, addressed
two overflowing meetings here tonight.
Mr. Hammond addressed the English
speaking population, while in another
hall Mr.. Stern addressed his country
men in their native tongue. The torch
light procession was the greatest dem
Onstration of the kind ever witnessed in
Jackson county, special feature being
twenty-six young lady torch-bearers in
handsome costumes. Both addresses
were received with great enthusiasm,
and was fitting closing for the Demo
cratic campaign. Put Jackson county
down for Cleveland and Lawler.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
A Tremendous Rally.

Special TO the Globe.
GRAND FORKS. N. D., Nov. 5.-The
biggest political rally ever held in this
state took place tonight in this city.
The procession, including 600 torch
bearers and seven bands of music, in
itiated the proceedings. and at the Met
ropolitan opera house Col. John ID.
Benton and Taylor Crum delivered
speeches. Tracy Bangs presiding. The
local Democracy was swelled by hun
dreds from Grafton, Hllsboro, Lari-
more and other points. GOV. Burke has
given ritten pledge to appoint Will
lam Dewey adjutant general, providing
Dewey delivers his friend to Burke, an
incident Of interest TO Gen. Bentley and
the Bismarck Republicans. 1t is re-
ported John Bray in engineering deal
TO sacrifice the Republican Legislative
candidates to save Burke
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
Hundreds Turned Away.

Special to the Globe.
SIOUX FALLS, S. D., Nov. 5.-The
Democrats of this county closed the
campaign tonight with the largest and
most enthusiastic rally ever held in the
state. Addresses were made by Judge
&. II. Winsor and Capt. Stoddard. The
hall, which will hold 1000, was crowded
before o'clock, and hundreds were
turned away.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
1t Looks Like weaver.

opcCIdI 10 the GIUDe.
HURON, S. d., Nov. 5. -Prominent
Democrats estimate that from 60 to 70
per cent of the Democratic votes of this
county will be given to the Weaver
electors. In the last election the Dem
ocrats polled nearly 700. This will be
increased Tuesday by 800. If the
country precincts can be reached before
the polls open Weaver may receive 10
per cent of the entire DemOcratic vote.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
OF Cours c They Have.

SPECIAL to the Globe
eYANKToN, 5. d., Nov. Sat the
headquarters of the Democratic state
central committee all knowledge of
to Democrats to vote
for Weaver electors is denied. 1t is
supposed that the Democrats have COM
mon Sense enough to do that without
hnintr tpld
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
FIandrau at LIE sueur.

Special to the Globe.
LIE SUEUR, Mimi, Nov. 5.-Judge
Charles E. Flandrau fired the last gun
of The campaign here tonight to
crowded house and made fine i'm
preston. His argument was plain and
convincing and showed the real issue of
the campaign better than those who
have preceded him. There was no
torch light procession or red fire. The
Democrats of LIE Sueur will burn their
red fire over the election of Cleveland
and LaWler next week.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
KILLED by an I'm gine.

Special to the Globe.
WAsEcA, Mimi, Nov. 5. = Frank
Western, of Eagle Lake, met his death
by the explosion of threshing machine
engine on the farm of Thomas Bowers,
ten miles south of this city, today. Two
gother men were seriously but not fatally
Injured.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
Shot in the Leg.

SPECIAL to the Globe.
Z BRECKENRIDGE, Mimi, Nov. Last
night two men met thresher on the
bridge between here and Wahpeton
and ordered him to throw up his hands
Instead he attempted to escape, when
one of the robbers shot him in the leg.
The robbers escaped.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
The Roller Exploded.

Special 10 The GLOBE.
MANKATo, Mimi, Nov. 5.-The boiler
of steam thresher exploded this noon
near Eagle Lake, instantly killing Will
lam Weston and seriously injuring
James Hauchal and Charles Pressnall,
all of Eagle Lake
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
independent Barbecue.

Special 10 the Globe.
YANKToN, S. d., Nov. 5.-The indie
pendent party INDUCED in barbecue,
parade and speeches today, about 400
people participating. DR.. E. w. Fish,
of st. Paul, was the principal speaker.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
County Treasurer Enjoined.

Special to the Globe.
YANKToN, S. D., Nov. 5.-Judge
Smith today granted summary injunc-
ton restraining the county treasurer
from paying out $500 appropriated by
the county commissioners. The cast
will be heard next week.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
4 PETRIFIED MAN.
The Cowboys Dig One Up in the
Fad Lands.
Special to the Globe,

Special to the Globe.
PIERRE. S. d., Nov. 5.-Another car
diff giant has been unearthed. A party
of cowboys arrived in this city today
having in charge what they call petri-
fled Indian, dug up in the bad lands of
South Dakota. The stiff is cunningly
made, and the gulibee pubic may soon
expect TO go through all the SEN
satiOus they had when the cardiff
and other purported petrified human
beings were sprung on the world. Doc
tors and other most learned men here
scout its genuneness, while the mass
of people who have seen it are ready to
swear by this new petrfed wonder of
the bad lands. 1t was found in a re-
gion noted for Its fossils heretofore I'M
earthed, and shows that the discoveries
are up to their business in making the
find. They claim it was first exposed
on the side of river bank embedded
in blue clay, which, if true, would make
the man belong to some prehistoric
race.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
MOTLEY sCoRCaED.
A Fair Minnesota Village Is Fire
Swept.


Special to the Globe.
MOTLEY, Mimi, Nov. 5.-Motley was
visited by disastrous fire this morning.
AS result. C. Bakers bank building
and residence. Bakers saloon, Bakers
born with all its contents, including
one valuable horse and COW; Gerz's
shoe store, S. Hess store building, oc-
cupied by w. 5. CroWell, boots and
shoes; S. Hess dwelling and &. A. Nc
Millen's large store building and two
warehouses, occupied by Mrs. |. A.
Morrison, general merchandise and the
postof1ice, were burned TO the ground.
The total loss is $2l, $50; insurance,
800. The fire originated i'll Bakers
barn. 1t is thought to have been the
work of an incendiary. Rebuilding will
commence at once.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
MAKE 1T UNANIMOUS.

of Republican Ranks.
Special to the Globe
FARGO, n. D., Nov. 5.-Chairman Dan
W. Maratta, of the Democratic state
central committee, is in the city today.
He told your correspondent that from
information received from every town
ship in the state, the committee claims
that the entire fusion state and electoral
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06

Signing strong Protest.
Brooklyn Union.
NO back-number egg argument. No
s1r6tien vegetable domination.
Gen. W-v-r.
Gov. B-ch tn.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
What Affects the Wheat
Grower Is Of Vital Inter-
est to All.
The Result of the Wheat
Slump Not Due to a i
Great Crop, /
But the Plain Effects Of Hos
tile Legislation by Re-
publicans. .
Reports and Documents
Showing q Lamentable 6
State of Affairs.

1t is to the interest OF sall WEo have
the welfare of the Northwest at heart
to take a vigorous stand againsta move
ment that is likely to build up colos-
sal system of monopoly in grain opera
tons.
Every owner of an acre Of land, every
holder of town property, all dealers ana
merchants of the West who trade with
the grain growers, together with the
wholesale merchants either East or
West, who should profit from general
trade, will find it worth while to con-
slider the questions involved in the great
declines in the prices Of wheat that
have occurred during the past year.
This is a mercantile Cor trade) subject
more than a matter of politics, but the
enormous losses Of more than Sl00.0O0,-
600 in tue prices OF the wheat crop OF
this country this year can be attributed
so clearly to Republican efforts to legis-
late in congress against the wheat
growing interests that, from all classes,
it calls for an emphatic condemnation
of the Republican policy OF encouraging
and fatlening mOnOpolieS.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1892-11-06
A Virtue with staying Qualities.

Brooklyn Eagle.
1t only needs that man follow his
ideals TO be right, even if to others those
ideals are wrong. Honesty will never
be obsolete. a placid conscience is bet
TT than full pocket.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

4 colassd Attorney Auesesd "a csin-
nal Warrant.
Alexander Hsmiiton. the colored
sttornsy. y likely 70 BE the defendant
n very Interesting case m potics
court A criminal warrant uns
iasusd yesterday for hls arrest -
the charge Of perjury. nrs- Anna
Carpentex, wife Of the vsIl known
attorney. Frank L. Csrpsnter i The
complainant Ma CaEpentss il
lAndlndy Of the Warwick,
sGainse whom = domestic named
Aana Tunnison brought suit
clzin1ing thai = certain amount Of her
wages we're due.
The girl did not appear ct the trial
which took place in Justice Hydoea's
court, bat Hamilton. her ~
tognsy, went 70 the stand And
swose TO the correctness OF the
account $65o. Mira Carpenter now haa
him arrested for perjury. alleging that
he knew nothing about whether The
account was correct or not
The warrant VAS served on Mr..
Hamilton last evening, and be vas ~
leased On his own recOgnizance.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

Jpoophms L. TFaxier ~ joseph
Iraxtess IN ehancery; for divorce.
Hearing N open court and decree
xreeted ca ground OF extreme cruelty
Thu People ". john Abbott; rape:
seoond count of Information shandons'd
~ prosecuting Attorney 1pxo forma
pies wlthdrawn, and pisa OF guilty not
eneored ~ order Of The court. sheriff
ordered - summon twenty taiesnsn.
On trial.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

Investigated by . Sentinel n
porter.

Indisnapolis Sentinel. Jan. -.
There has recently appeared In tho
papere OF Indianapolis and throughout
the state the following letter puFport-
ing 10 eEuanate from Secretary Cook Of
the indianapolis board of health:
ssIn reply to your favor OF the Goth
inst. We will say that the indianapolis
board of health has never made u re.
part on baking powders. 1t has never
endorsed or condemned any brand"
Th,s letter a. 1t appears III the paper
- an advertisement is addreesed to no
. reporter for the Indiana polls Seuti-
mel WISE led To investigate. He called
hrot on DR.. Frank A. Morrison of the
board Of health and propounded ta
him the following questions:
LIT. Did the board Of health of In.
diauapolis authorize and direct its
chemist. DIR. Peter Late. to mako an
a examination of certain brands OF
baking powders?
DR.. N.-Yes, qualitative examina-
ton Of al brands on tbs market.
End. Did not DIR. Late state in his
reports that the following brands were
to2nd by him To contain alum or am.
mouio or both? viz: Atlantic and Pacific
Cslumet. Crown. Early Rising. Fores,
City, Kenson. Queen. Bon Bon, Royal,
Rnckelhaue. Seafoam, CiIniax.
DR.. M.-Yes.
3rd. Did not the report further state
that alum and ammonia were generally
regarded by physiologists as. detrimen.
tAito health aud therefore injurious
infredienta
DR.. M.-Yes.
4th. Did not the report further
state that DIR. Prices Cream Bakine
Powder contained no deletcrious ia.
grodlenfe.
DR.. M.-Yce.
5th. Do YOU personally regard alum
and amnsOn,a as detrimental to health
and therefore Injurious ingredients IN
baking powder.
Dr.. N.-Ofiic,ally I decline 20 answer;
nsr ID
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

JrpGE PERKINs.

Estate OF Chas. w. johnson. dc.
oeasesi: Inventory fied; Augustus w.
Weeks and John 8. Bergis appointed
conmsssz0neTs on elaine.
Eotat6 Of Chas. z. Little. deceased
administrative final account filed; hear
ing March IL.
Eststs Of Sallie Teeple. mentally in
competent; letters 1T guardiauship
issued to Amherst B. Cheney.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

Frank A. Vernon, administrator Of
the estate of Benjamin Vernon. late Of
Detroit; yesterday filed . bill IN fore
closure against Thomas +. Condley aud
on lot IA Of the q. A. Wolf addition "a
the city Of Grand Rapids.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

The Secret Art Of Beauty lies not in
coenactics, but 10 only IN pure blood,
end 3 healthy performances OF the vital
f1netiona. 70 Be obtained By usiug Bur-
dock Blood Bitters.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

II ron always iaslst upon having ALL
oocksA Porous Piastefs and never accept
: substitute, you will not b disappoint-
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

Vooburg Wal Be Brought BACK tos ina.
Deputy Sheriff Pulver received . dis-
patch yesterday fron the authorities ~
South Bend saying that vosburg the
man wanted on charge OF bastordy
was N that city. Instructions 10 arrest
The man were Immediately wired hack.
and = telegram in response was ooou
returned saying that vosburg had beeu
arrested and MAS confined in jail. Mr..
Pulvcr will 10 TO South Bend today
With = warsaut ond The necessary
papess 10 bring him back.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

Josephine Traxier vas granted : di.
vorce in the superior court yesterday
and her recreant lord is free TO roam in
pastures new. Joseph was former
supe in Redmond's opera house and his
wife alleged that he old not support her
and that he treated her cruelty. He
ran away some time ago, and she is not
pining for his return.
Grand Rapids herald. [volume] (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 1892-1959, 1892-02-10

Manager Burroughs appeared IN
ponce court yesterday to receive
sentence for attending : play in Red
monds opera house on the evening Of
Sunday January 10, of which he Was
80 days IN Jail. Mr.. Burroughs BY HE
attorneys. Turner & Carroll, appealed
the case TO the circuit court, giving bail
in the sum of 500.
Asheville daily citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1890-1900, 1892-06-14
SOMETHING NEW.
There We're other PROMISES
Made BESIDES MIR. ClaytOn's.

'Tis a dull day indeed when something
new fails to turn up ancnt the now To-
cally famous meeting of magistrates and
county commissioners held here last
week.
1t seems that Commissioned Clayton
was not alone in making a solemnp prom
ise that if reelected he would vote
against the licensing of saloons in Ashe.
vile. This promise, it is said, on good
authority, was also made by Commls-
sioner Wells, and was made to a
magistrate who then changed his vote
to Mr.. Wells
A rather curious thing occurred at the
commissioners meeting on Tuesday
A. H. Felmct is chairman of the Lower
Hominy prohibition club. When the
question of granting license to Hotel
Belmont came up Mr.. Fclmet was pres
ent, and said he had no objection to the
license being granted. Yet it has been
only a short while since an Indignation
meeting was held near Sulphur Springs
for the purpose of condemning the action
of the commissioners in granting license
for the sale of beer near the Springs
These facts arc learned from agcntlcmar
who knows.
Asheville daily citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1890-1900, 1892-06-14
BLOWN ALL TO PIECES
4 SHOCK AS OF AN EARTH
QUAKE.
Explosion at the United states
Navy Yard at Mare ISLAND Kills.
Twelve Men-SOme One Dropped
a Shell.

VALLEJO, Cal, June IA report
which shook the town like sharp
shock of an earthquake was heard yes
terday and it was followed by the ring
ing of alarm bells at the Mare Island
navy yard.
When the great volume of smoke at
the yard cleared away it was found
that an explosion had taken place. In
the midst of the ruins and all around the
side of the hills were seen bodies and
portions of bodies scattered here ano
there. When collected together it wa:
found tEat the dead numbered tive I've
with gunner Hittingcr, OF the cruls'l
Boston, at the head.
All the bodies are greatly dlshgurcd
some being cut in two and nearly all be-
ing minus a limb. Three wounded mer
were taken to the hospital in a dying
condition, two of the number being
! apprentices, were picked up on the beach
| The force OF the explosion had throwi
them into the bay, and boat from
merchant vessel picked them up. No on'
seems to be able to tell exactly how th'
explosion occurred.
4 working party of fifteen men iron
| the United States steamer Boston, Wllicl
was in Stone Dock, near by, had bcel
sent to prepare ammunition and fill shell
for the ship. All were at work III tn
magazine. 1t is supposed that one Q
the party dropped shell aud caused tn
explosion The body Of Hittingcr wa
found on the roof of the shell house, haV
ing blown through the root OF the hous
which was afterwards dcs .royed by tre
Asheville daily citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1890-1900, 1892-06-14
KILLED BY a TORNADO.
The Democratic Wigwain BADLY
wrecked In Chicago.

CHICAGO, June 14.-Ye5tcrday after
noon wind storm killed at least seven
persons in Chicago and vicinity and I'll
teen others were more or less injured
while probably it will take hundreds OF
thousands of dollars to repair the dam
age.
The great wigwam on lake front in
which the democratic national conven-
ton is to be held next week was badly
wrecked.
PEORIA, ILL.,, June 1+-Mcagre reports
of terrible cyclorc at Galva, small
village l5 miles north of this city on the
Rock Island and Peoria railroad, reached
this city late last night. The entire vii
lage which contained 1000 people was
swept away with considerable loss o
| life.
Asheville daily citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1890-1900, 1892-06-14
DEATH ON AN OIL VESSEL
CAUGHT FIRE AND HER CAR
GOEX Exploded.
A Score Of Lives Lost and Several
vessels Burned to the Waters
Edge-The Accident happened
in France.

BORDEAUX, June 1+.-Au appalling
accident occurred today just outside the
harbor OF Blaye, on the river Gironde,
"a miles northeast of this city.
Lying off the harbor was the British
steamer petrolia, commanded by Capt.
lubbock, which had arrived June 10Th
from Philadelphia. The usual routine
of work was being performed on board,
when suddenly there was flash Of
tremendous roar and the vessel was
blown to pieces. Huge fragments OF the
dIcks and deck houses were carried 10 Il
great height.
The shock Of the explosion alarmed
the town and hundreds of persons rushed
TO the wharvcs. The river was strewn
with wrcckage from Pctrolia and it was
said that the disaster was due to an eX-
plosion of gas that had formed from the
petroleum comprising her cargo.
The burning oil tloatcd on the water and
this driftcd with the tide and, floating
against several vessels lying at anchor
nearby set them on fire Two or threc other
vessels were ignited by the burning oil
that fell on their decks or tarred rig
ging.
The petroia was burning turlously and
the heat was SO intense that it was
dangerous for many small boats that
were launched to approach near her. A
dense volumn of sitting black smoke
hung over and around the burning
steamer. Some of the more vcnturesome
of the boatman heard cries for help and
rowcd as closely as possible to the Petro
liza. They succeeded i'll picking upsiXteer
of the crew, three of her engineers anc
the second officers. Some of the rescued
men were severely burned. They wert
taken ashore as rapidly as possible anc
physicians summoned to atted them.
The survivors said there were 20 other'
on board the vessel when the explosion
occurred and search was made in the vi
cinity of the steamer for them, but not ;
body was found.
The crews of the other vessels tha
caught fire did their utmost to quencl
the flames, but their efforts were lruitless
Some of the craft, mostly vessels engaged
in the river and coastlng trade, wcr
burned to the waters edge.
Asheville daily citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1890-1900, 1892-06-14
MINISTER "wHITE.CAPPED.'
The White Caps Arrested and
Must stand Trial.

New ALBANY, Ind, June l+.-Rev. b.
T. Van Clevc has been rcproving the
wicked by name from his pulpit, and re
Gently band OF whitc-caps whipped
him nearly to death. To-day Sheriff Shuck.
of Harrison county, and his de-
putes arrested and took to Cory
don and lodged in jail the following
persons, charged with "white-cappng." "
Alva H. Walker, and Charles Walker,
sons of the well known Methodist
preacher; ]. Y. G. Louden and James
Loudcn, brothers; Cortez Wolfe, Jacob
Hannel and Cortez MUIR.
All the arrested parties except one are
members OF Rev. Van Clcve's church, and
all are men who have moved i'll society
and are regarded as good citizens.
The legal proceeding taken by Van
Clevc against these men are under the
white cap statue of Indiana. One of the
parties accused yet remains to be arrest
ed. Four Others were not recognized by
Rev. Van Clevc. Those under arrest viii
have preliminary examination on the
14th, and have engaged able attorneys
| to defend them.