davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
ROCK CREEK AOUEDUCT.

OF this analysis. continues this report, "shows
that the water from either source is of urcom.
mon purity and softness, well adapted to drink
ing, washing and manufacturing, and indeed
superior to the far-famed Croton. The cbief
difficulty in the analysis was caused by the ex
treme purity OF the water. such that the speci-
mems, two gallons each. did not afford him
enough OF the impurities to determine accu-
rately their Quantities. That is, the quantity
OF most Of the dissolved ingredients was SO
small as to be inappreciable. These specimens
were taken in November, when both streams
were sensibly turbid or discolored, being swollen
by autumnal rains, and may, therefore, DO con-
sldered at least fair average specimens. When
the water from the aqueduct shall have been
further purified by settling in extensive and
capacious reservoirs, rs provided in the plan
proposed, Washington will be supplied with
water unrivalled for purity and sclubrity, and
which will need, think, no complicated and
expensive fltering arrangements"
THE UPPER RESERVOIR,
Unfortunately for Lieut. Meigs' forecast,
however, the upper reservoir, which he and all
his successors have spoken Of as the receiving
reservoir, has been abandoned, and the serv-
ice therefore loses the Of that basin for set
thing purposes This bit of history 10 especially
interesting at present in view Of Col. Elliot's
recommendations that this reservoir DO en-
iarged, cleaned out and 90 surrounded a. to
Insure It's purity, and that then all the water
going into the city shall how through Il and
thus be purified or settled by much the Same
means proposed By Lieut. 1siss forty years
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

worthy OF the nation, and emulous as we are of
the great Roman republic let us show that the
rulers chosen by the people are not less careful
OF the safety. health and beauty of their can't
tai than the emperors who, after enslayinp
their nation by their great works. conferred
benefits upon their city which. their treason
almost forgotten, cause their names to be re-
memoered with respect and affection by those
who still drink the water supplied bv Their
magnificent aqueducts"
me report was accompanied by several ap-
pendices, including detailed estimate for each
OF tue tnree projects. On the 28th Of the fol-
lowing June, change Of administration hay-
ing occurred in the meantime, the project for
" 1ne GREAT taiis aqueduct was approved by Gen.
1otten. chief o! engineers; by Jefferson Davis
secretary OF War. and by Franklin Pierce
THE FINAL COST.
Inc work was successfully accomplished.
Appropriations we're made from time TO time a.
follows: 100000 March 8, 1853; s25O 600
March 8. 1856; s2500O0 August IS, 1855:
sl.OoO.oc0 March 8, 1857; $500, 900 June "a.
1858; $500, 900 June Is, 1860. These sums. with
the first appropriations Of $500 and %. 600 for
surveys, made grand total expended ON the
work a. originally projected, with two or three
cnanges. OF %, 906, 500 The estimate made bv
Lieut. Meigs for the project was 81. cal ,24i
put she change that he suggested Of eniaryine
the conduit cost $3.50, 900 additional, and the
change In the plan Of Cabin John bridge cost
el6S,O00, making total additional cost practi-
eslly estimated Tor tn The report Of t61S boo, %
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

that the real discrepancy between the ssti-
mates and the cost was but &469, 266.
Lent Meigs was in charge Of the squeduct
ron November; 1850. 70 June II, 1852, except
plan was wholly finished few months after he
was taken from 1t and the water was turned on
Tor the trst time on the 5th Of December, 1853.
the first date on which Washington enjoyed the
blessing OF piped supply Of water.
ENaISEERrNa YEArs.
The work involved several splendid feats Of
engineering, despite the fears Of the officer that
IT would be too simple for glory. The Cabin
John bridge has already been alluded to, but
TINS - not regarded by engineers as the great
est WORK on the line. There 10 practically no
limits to the size of a simple arch beyond the
crushing limits OF stone, and thus the span can
De carried to an almost indefinite length with
only the capacity Of the engineer for good work
as TEST But the bridge that carries the mains
across Rock creek on the line Of Pennsylvania
avenue Is in reality as unique bridge as was
ever built. The new principle involved here is
the use OF the water mains themselves as the
arch OF the bridge and the effect is that Of a
gracefully light structure utilizing every pound
OF material for the practical uses for which it is
built. The bridge was noticed BY engineers of
Europe and illustrated in the current Journals
OF science and engineering. The Anndles
des Fonts ct Chdussies Of Paris, then known as
the leading technical journal of the world.
in bridge building Of the times Few people
VINO cross the bridge realize this fact, Of its
beauty and reputation, and regard it as a mere
truss bridge. undeserving Of comparison with
the arch across Cabin John run.
There Is another beautiful bridge in the
aqueduct system. built by Lieut. Meigs worthy
OF attention ut this time. This is known in the
project rs bridge No. 8. at station 264. It is
located about mile and n half above Cabin
John and would scarcely be noticed by passers.
to all N..~1 =. u
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
THE CABIN JOHN BRIDGE.

dant supply Of good and wholesome water
Chuer dlrecton OF Gen. Totten. then chief of
engineers, Capt F. A. Smith of that corps was
ordered upon this duty. upon which he had
JUST entered when his death occurred. Lieut..
VI; Z: Meigs OF the same corps was then, ON the
80 OF November. assigned to the service, being
transferred from his post on the great lakes.
lie entered upon his duties with such energy
and intelligence that in little more than three
months he had surveyed three practical routes
for conduit. had made the most careful esti-
mates OF their cost and had gone deeply into
the scientific question of water supply in gen.
eral, and he gave to the War Department a re-
port that has seldom been equaled for clear
ness, style and value.
THREE PLANS PROPOSED.
These three projects embraced all Of the
available water supply Of the neighborhood
One was TO dam up the waters of Rock creek
about seven and half miles from the system
OF city pipes. and, by means of q retaining
reservoir and a conduit of brick to be con-
structed near the surface of the ground, to
convey the supply to the city. For George
town high service reservoir was to be built
on the heights and filled by means of turbine
wheel, operated by the head of water in the
mains, and operating pump.
As an alternative plan Lieut.. Meigs sue-
gested that the dam OF the canal company
across the Potomac at Little Falls be enlarged
and made to serve the purpose of both col
lector of water for the city and q means of pro-
tecting the canal itself from freshets The
canal at that time was one of the main enter
prlses IN this vicinity, and its annual deterora-
ton by floods was matter of most serious
concern to the community. There was to be a
reservoir made by dammiNg up the valley of
the Little Falls branch, where the receiving
reservoir Is now, and the water was to be
brought in a canal 100 feet wide and 6 feet
deep, located between the Chesapeake and
Ohio canal and the river, running to within
two miles Of Georgetown. where the supply
was to be pumped to a proper height to give it
the necessary head.
THE GREAT FALLS SCHEME,
But the project upon which Lieut. Meigs
spent most of his time, as it seemed the most
sensible of all. was that of a dam across the
rlyer at Great Falls and the construction of a
brick underground conduit across country near
the river bank to Georgetown. a distance of
about fourteen miles. At first this project
seemed the most extravagant and Lieut.. Meigs
surveyed for 1t without much hope of its adop-
ton, but as he progressed in his Investigations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

pensive in construction and maintenance are
soon choked with deposit. They require TO be
duplicated to allow for the frequent cleansing.
which can only be effected by the removal and
renewal of the filtering material. Attemnts
have been made to cleanse them by reversing
the direction OF the current, but up to this
time upon great scale unsuccessfully: and
after all, how small proportion of the " ter
aenvered TO city needs altering even for the
most fastidious. When the allowance to each
person is ninety gallons daily less than one
ninetieth can be used for cooking ard drink
Ing, and II we provide filters the eiRhty-njne
gallons, which might just as well be poured
uhni.ered through the fountains and baths
clog up the filters and defeat their object"
Reference is made to what is thonobt IN ho :.
good hitter for domestic uses, and then Lieut
Meigs alludes to scheme ola Philadelphian to
hitter the water of the Paramount by building a
wall across the reservoir within short distance
Vi .he surface, so as to arrest the suspended
matters and thus cause the water to settle
The same principle was used in this indiyiduars
white lead works and was wholly successful
me substances which discolor water" said
Lieut. Meigs, i'll continuation, ARE mecbaui-
caliy difused: No city will supply itself from
source much contaminated bv chemically dis
solved impurities. The waters Of the Potomac
and Rock creek contain Of SALTS soluble in pure
water, not more than one grain and OF carbon
ates OF lime and magnesia, insoluble in water
alone, but held in solution by excess of car
gallon.
The mud and sediment suspended during
hoods Is all heavier than water and tends TO
sink as soon as this becomes TRANQUIL. The
large receiving and settling reservoir will allow
.he greater partto be deposited. The quantity
there In store will enable rs, il the Potomac
line Is adopted. to shut out the river when tur-
bid from floods, and ii we find that, when de-
hvered in the houses, it is still sometimes too
much discoiored for domestic uses, the cree
ton Of walls across the distributing r1servo;r
Will, as in the white lead works. effectually re-
move all that can be disagreeable to the eve. I
nave provided for one division in the distribute
ing reservoir. believing that upon the scale
adopted this will be sufficient"
THE PURITY OF POTOMAC WATER.
Reference is made to an analysis of the waters
of the Potomac and Rock creek made by q
Prof. John Torrey Of New York, to whom va.
rious specimens were exhibited. 1.-THE notes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

man born in the sixties. In tho Fifty
second there are seven. The latest birth year
70 De noted in the directories OF the Forty-ninth
and Fiftieth Congresses was 1857. In the Fifty
hrst the year 1860 began to show up. The po-
hticai vintage Of 1862 has now been put on tap
and it will not be long before we shall have
congress con. aining men born in the post-bel-
ium period Thus the slew. forward march Of
the generation OF men brings us to now future.
anc the sharp and strident voice of the war
periou SINKS to low murmur in the dim past.
YOUNG MEN OF oLpEN TINES
Precocity in politics is not, however, new
thing. In the early years of the American re-
pubic the proportion of young men was more
marked than now. jefferson wrote the Dcclara-
ton or Independence when he was thirty-three
and he had been in the Virginia Legislature at
twenty-six and a Congressman at th:rtv-two
Alexander Hamilton was in Congress at twenty
hve; In the constitutional convention at thirty
and member of Washingto cabinet at thirty
two. John Randolph OF Roanoke entered Con-
gress when he was twenty-six, and remained
there with an interval OF one Congress for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

Something About the Eaiiro.d Term,,s, p.
ciiitie. On tssthnsn

rHE Ssw nRrDss ovrR THE Hrpsox ASp rup
UNION RAILROAD srArIoS-powS.r rlyr--
THE GENEROSITY TOWARD NErRorolir.x rut-
vKRsirrEs-A CHILD N rHE SIaHr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

The six English anarchists arrested in con-
nection with the Wanall bomb conspiracy have
been remanded for trial.
Col. Christian Febiger, president of the Della
ware railroad. director Of the Philadelphia,
Wilmington and Baltimore railroad, president
Of the Firemens Insurance Company of VIII
mington and prominent and wealthy citizen,
yesterday died at Wilmington, Del.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
Pennsylvania Border Claims Commission.

The border CLAIMS commission of Pennsyl-
vania organized yesterday at the Metropolitaa
Hotel. all the members being present save Gov.
Pattison and Auditor General McCamant
This commission is the second Of its Kind
created by the Pennsylvania legislature for tho
purpose OF securing the passage Of a bill by
Congress TO pay the losses incurred during the
late war in certain border counties of Pennsyl-
yania- The adjudiostod losses amount =
IS, 500, 900.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

Jesse Brown was hanged at Paducah, Ky.,
Yesterday for killing John Larry. and NJ " Har-
bin at Poplar BluG. No, for toe murder Of .
man named Smith.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

w ioEk. Jan. IL. 1872.
NE OF TIE CHEZ
uses which washingtos
people make OF New
York is to so through
itas quickly rs possible,
and hence your readers
wall Ike 10 learn Of the
remarkable progress
that is being made in
that particular Kind Of
rapid transit In which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
WIZARD0F THE WATER
How Gen. Meigs Smote the Rocks and
Brought the Potomac to the City.
BUILDING THE CONDUIT.

The Plans and Estimates First Proposed by
the Engineer = Interesting Calculations
Made Forty Years Ago-Cabin John Bridge
and Other Splendid Feata
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
TURNER BEAT THEM.

In the Fiftyfirst House it was for some time
supposed that Deliver Of Iowa was the skid"
and he was dubbed Dolly" and talked about
good deal. He was thirty when he was
elected But when Mr.. Mudd Of MARYLAND
turned In his age II was found that he had
come INTO the world six DAYS latter
than Dolliver, but this did not count when the
returns came IN from BROOKLYN and Mr.. Magner
came forward with his family Bible showing
that he WAS born in 1860 Then, to disappoint
all corners. lceman Turner Was elected to ill
ont fraction of term and his birthday
proved to be May &c. 1851. This chilled the
various aspirants for the honor of being kid"
OF TIE House and the contest finally cooled
down, with the iceman in sole and uudisturbed
possession of the title
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
ON THE WAY TO FAME.
How America Has Had Young Men
for Council as Well as War.
PRECoCITY IN POLITICS.

Great Men Who Laid the Foundations Of the
Republic wsre Young When They Served
the Youngest Men in the Present House.
Men Who Wero Babes During the War
Now In Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
kids" OF RECENT coScRrssEs.

Inc kid Of the Forty-eighth as well as the
fiftieth Congresses was Ben shiyely, who be.
siaes being the youngest man in those bodies
was the tallest and biggest He was born in
1891 and Is still classified among the boys
I mere were good many kids in the Fistieth
rouse. There was "Old Jim" lheian
OF tennessee. now dead. who was thirv-
one. And there was Bob Lafollette, the salty
little tariff talker, who was ON WAYS
and means in the last Congress and made
himself a political personality that sooner or
Iater VIII be felt IN the United States Senate.
He was in the thirty-one class also. BOB Nance.
the Connecticut story teller. was in his
thirty-hrst year. Bourhe Cochran was in that
Congress and thirty-three years old; SO too were
McAdoo OF New Jersey, Yost of Virginia and
Charley voorhees, OF Washington territory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
HE CRIME OF BEING

HE CRIME OF BEING
a young man is one
committed by . good
many members Of the
Fifty-second Congress.
The generation born
during the war is be-
ginning to make its
way to The front In
the Fiftieth Congress
there was not a single
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16
A YouNosrER OF SEVENTY.

Rev. llr. Theodore I. InyIer Is evidently ne
o; those sprightiy natures that are willinato
grow old gracefully. if necessary. when ihs
time comes but is not willing to grow old at
ali ii he car help IL. Last sunday he reached
the ripe age OF seventy, and preached to his old
congregation on two texts, which he linked
together. the first from the nineteenth Psalm.
1.-The days OF our years are three score and ten,
ana the other text iron. the l02d Psalm: ..Oh.
my God, take me not away in the midst OF NV
days. Those who know Dr. Cuyler's exuber-
ant spirits will smile 10 see how evidently he
considers seventy as a mile post Of active mid
do lie. Henry T. ELLIOT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

You have such local interest. Work
is going on rapidly on the grca, bridge
over the Hudson. and 70 doubt that s,upep-
dous work will be finished on schedule time.
need not saw that the usual chorus Of hos
ihty has broken out which has me, every
great public Improvement in this CITY time ont
OF mind. Possibly some OF Won remember tlss
passage in ''Lucile" where genius is described
as insisting on helping world which does IL
best 20 obstruct and thwart these kindly en-
deavors- So 10 n remarkable degree this CITY
sets its face steadtastly against anything which
can improve or ndOrn IL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

IN the House when he was but thirty-four.
Steve Dorsey was a Senator at thirty-one.
Genial Schuyler Coifax hrss beamed on the
House In the Thirty -sourthC Congress when be was
only thir;y-two. Mr.. Justice Lamar, nearly
twenty Congresses asc, was IN the House at
thrty-two. Mr.. Blaine vas a boyish young fellow
wearing . soft, silky beard-his first growth,
tney say-when at thirty-three he came
ABOVE the political horizon in the war
congress OF 1865. Four years before that he
sat in tie Maine legislature, snd for two wear,
ne had been speaker of Its house. Mr. Blaine's
friend, Mr.. William Walter Phelps. was a Con-
gresham at thirty-six. Senator Edmunds.
whose snowy beard and bald dome have made
. MN .ooh oid Tor twenty years past, was only
thirty-eight when he entered the Senate IN
1865. John r. Lynch OF Mississippi. who was
born slave in lS47. was tsenty-eich, when he
took the oath as member OF the Forty third
congress Blanche k Bruce. MissiSappi's
noted colored Senator was thirty-four wi, en- he
entered public life. Senator Voorhees, was
thirty -four when he first came 10 Congress
sam Randall was thirty-five when he TOOK Of
his yellow corded cavalrymans Jacket and
entered the Thir;y-elghth Congress senator
Ailison, who was IN the same House, was a wear
younger. Judge Holman, when he took his
seat In the Thir.y-sixth Congress. before tie
war. was thirty-seyen. and as handsome brown
WHISPERED young fellow as ever made a speech
or cast vote.
GEN. LoaAS's AGE.
III mas often been asserted that the youngest
man who ever sat in Congress was John A.
Logan. He never told how old he was in the
Congressional Directories nor gave nny reason
why he did not lie had been in the Illinois
legislature four years before he came TO Con-
gress and three of those years he had been
prosecuting attorney for his county Close
isiends OF Gen. Logan's have always said that
ne could not have been of the constitutional
age when he took his seat in the House
IN ESo9. Yet he WAS adjutant of an nli-
hols regiment in the Mexican war eleven
years before and he had been admitted TO the
uar an 1897. IL often occurs that good law
students begin practice before they are TWEEN
E-one- hon. Thomas jackson Clunie OF San
francesca. who was an able member of the
st congress. was empowered by the le9isla-
IIre OF California to begin his legal career
~heh ne was but eighteen. Gen. Logan may
nave nave been equally precocious, bat it is not
,n.~eiy ne was an officer in a regiment i'm the
Mexican war before he was fifteen, and tina,
would have made his age at least twenty-six
when he entered Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-16

Hannibal H.nnss long public career begun
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1892-01-05
PLANTS UNDER GLASS.

Opinions Of An EEpert gu the 'oper
slight Temperature for Plants.
The constantly increasing use OF green
houses In the cultivation Of plants makes
knowledge OF the best methods for
their management OF general importance
In growing plants under natural condi.
tons out Of doors It is well known that
they undergo wide variations Of temper.
aturo in the changes from day 10 night
II Is not, however, a. generally known
that such changes IN temperature are
equally necessary for successful plant
growing in glass structures where arti.
fetal heat Is used. On this subject Mr.
William Saunders, superintendent OF the
gardens and grounds of the agricultural
department Mt Washington, says that
one Of the most prevalent and injurious
errors In the management Of green
houses and other plant houses Is that Of
keeping the temperature too high during
the night To mnintain as high q de-
gree Of heat during the darkness as dur
ing the light IL practice opposed both
20 science and the results Of experience.
1t is also told that plants grown in a
nearly uniform temperature under glass
seldom ripen or mature their wood In
thorough manner; the buds are immature
and make feeble growth, aud the whole
plant contracts delicate habit Of con.
stitution which renders II incapable Of
withstanding the slightest neglect with
out injury. On the contrary, plants CON
stantly subjected to suitable lowering
OF night temperature are more robust,
have short jointod and maturud growthai
flowers not only expand more fully but
remain longer In perloction; fruits aro
better colored and favored and more
perfect In every respect than those de.
eeloped In an atmosphere OF uniform
heat and moisture. Greenhouse plants
require no heat during the night further
than TO exclude frosts.
Another injury consequent upon high
night temperature during winter arises
from the extraction Of moisture from tho
atmosphere. 10 maintain an inside tenn
peratuIo OF even 90 degs when the eS-
ternal Is near zero involves rapid gen.
Grafton OF heat, and rs the capacity OF
air for taking moisture increases In pro-
portion to its rise great demand 10
made upon the plants and everything in
the house capable Of giving up moisture
The quantity Of water thus carried oil
may be seen by the deposition OF ice on
the inner surface OF the glass after
night Of severe frost. Ice one,fourth OF
an inch In thickness is often found under
these circumstances, the result Of con
densation aud freezing Of the water ear
ried from the contained moisture in tho
atmosphere and from the surface of the
plants. The parched aud unhealthy as.
pect OF the plants subjected to such
treatment Is sufficient evidence ag,ins.
the practice,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1892-01-05

On Monday, the 18th ul,., the menu
beers Of the choir, brass baud, and about
two hundred friends assembled In the
meeting house. at Moroui, sanpete
County, and had mn enjoyable time,
The object Of the gathering was a pre-
sentation to Mics Clarlssa A. Faux,
the organis,. The proceedings consisted
Of muslcal selections by the band ani
choir, songs and appropriate remarks.
Sister Faux was the recipient OF
handsome hanging lamp, presented by
members OF the ward, also y large
silkplush-bound album and pretty glass
set from members Of the choir. Sue
acknowledged the gilt In felicitsus
terms, and the company afterwards sat
down TO u tempting repast.