Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-08-07
ACES IN CAVES,
eOuS Apartments With
alls Of Marble Polished
by Nature.
TTYLAKES AND RIVERS
fountains of Crystal That Have
Played for Centuries.
THINGS UNDER THE GROUND.
cries That Tell the Story Of the
Nan Of the Stone Age.
lnauYo,-1 nm .r.,npr nm n.prc
THINGS UNDER THE GROUND.
cries That Tell the Story Of the
Nan Of the Stone Age.
lRATIONS OF MARTEL OF PARIS

WRITTEN FOR THE pIsrAToH.l
le past four years E. A. Martel, .
lawyer of Paris, has made his name
nOwn through his explorations of
1t costs a great deal OF money to
original investigations in the depths
earth, and it is fortunate for Martel
: is rich and can afford to employ all
n he needs, and provide the very
luipment that money will buy. Mar
his courage tested and his physical
developed and trained for his chosen
~ some years of climbing among the
and most difficult of the Alps. An
made the transition from the high
ds in Europe to the depths Of its least
1 caverns.
new work has become the passion of
?; but Msrtels doings would have
interest for the learned world if his
fc instincts and training did not fit
lmirably to add new facts to human
edge. Grottology is comparatively
udy to which not few learned men
naIeurs are now turning their atten-
moving that thorough cave explora-
will enrich several branches Of
e.
Relics OF Primevai Man.
since Cuvier, in the last century,
attention to the fossil remains of
itoric man and animals, found in caves,
armed world has recognized the i'm
ice of this branch of study to paleon-
:. The most celebrated finds Of relics
neval man and Of contemporary ami
are those that were discovered at
nreuth in Bavaria, at Kirkdale, in
hire, at Kent Hole in Devonshire in
YES along the borders of the Meuse in
UNI, and in the grottos of the Jura,
Jevennes and the Pyrennes in
g.
caves afford an opportunity for other
S of the highest scientific interest
animal life still found in them, the
;hia, the fishes the crustacea and in
most of them blind, and all marvel
adapted for their environment Of
ess and gloom, has as yet been studied
} d very limited extent. Plant life
.he moses and cryptogams found in
ave still little known. Most valuable
0ations may also be made, under the
'e}of the earth, in geology, terrestrial
: and other branches OF knowledge.
are also regarded with the most Curl
lterest by tourists and not nearly so
has yet been done in Europe to make
subterranean wonders accessible to
lers as has been done at Mammoth and
:, our own great show caves
lie Is Making the Peasants Rich.
rtel found that many of the ignorant
.ltry in the Cevennes were filled with
sGperstitious fears common in ancient
when unframed imaginations peopled
with hobgoblins and devils But he
-rought g transformation. When he
j the Cevennes on his last exploring
he was welcomed as the benefactor Of
1untry. His published reports, issued
each Journey, have called attention,
md wide, to the wonders and beauties
lese caves Tourists are beginning to
to the mountains The people are
ing houses to entertain the visitors.
\ lat you have done for us" said some
I'm to Martel, ''has helped US to make
money than we ever made in year
c.
is article could be filled with mere
ogue of the marvellous theories and
Ell facts coming from the early e1-
rs o. caves. Que of the most remarks-
i them was the fantastic conception of
Dotanist Tournefort who, in his de-
hon of the grotto Of Antiparos in the
k Archipelago, published in III, pre-
81 that stalactites grew like plants.
OF these concretions to the
IS ana branches of trees, and the con-
ic rings he found in their internal
ture inspired him with the Utopian
OF the vegetation of stones
Tow a Great Cave Was discovered.
ne Of the great caves explored by Mr..
el have enly recently been discovered.
$50 young peasant clambered up a
ltain side in the department of Lozere,
h France, in pursuit of a fox. Sud-
: renard disappeared in hole, and the
or, thinking it would be easv to smoke
1Ut, kindled fire and then waited for
rev. But the fox did not reappear,
finally the young man enlarged the
ing and squeezed himself through it
Don found he was able to stand erect,