The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1892-10-14
HISTORY OF PARTIES.

believed in the right of revolution, and
the Declaration of Independence was
their platform Of political principles.
The Tories held to the old doctrine of
the divine right of kings to rule the
people. The Wings triumphed. A
Republic was organized, and a govern
ment of the people, bv the people, and
for the people was instituted.
The Tories disbanded, as a party.
but the Wings maintained their party
organization for some years. A new
party arose. which took the name
Federal" The Tories, as a class,
went into the new party. and the con-
sentative Wings also joined the new
party.
The Wings were radical. They be-
lieved in the doctrine OF "Inalienable
Rights" for all, and in liberal con-
struction of the "Constitution." The
Federalists were conservative. They
did not believe ia the doctrine of equal
rights, hence they regarded the new
government as an elective monarchy,
rather than a republic.
Washington was elected president
without opposition. His administration,
while non-partisau, was in fact Fed
eralist administration. Alexander
Hamilton. the head of the Federal
party, was a member of Washington's
Cabinet, and the controlling spirit in it..
He was the Secretary of the Treasury,
and under his influence the old mon
srchical monetary system was adopted
by this Republic. In 1871, bill was
adopted by Congress, and signed by
President Washington, establishing a
National bank. modelled after the Bank
of England. Thomas Jeffesson led the
opposition to this anti.republican
institution.
He said: "This bank corporation will
come to control the government in its
own selfish interest, and menace, if it
does not destroy, the liberties of the
people,
Under the leadership of Jefferson,
the anti bank men organized the orr G.
inal Republican party, and in 1900
this party elected Jefferson president,
over John Adams, Federalist.
Jefferson was re elected in 1904, and
in 1908 James Madison was elected as
a Republican.
The bank was chartered for twenty
years. hence its charter expired in 1911.
Then was fulfilled Jefferson's prediction
that the bank would come to control
the government for it was able to Sc
cure, and did secure, a new charter
from Republican administration.
There was now no vital difference
between the two parties, Federal and
Republican, hence the campaigns were
conducted on personal rather than
political grounds, till 1928. The bank
would soon need new charter. The
antibank Republicans took the more
popular party name, Democrat, and
elected Andrew jackson president. In
1881 Congress passed the bill granting
the bank a third charter for twenty
years. But President jackson vetoed
it. He declared that under our Con-
stitution Congress has no power to
authorize bank corporation to issue
money, but that the currency of the
country should consist of gold and
silver coins, aud treasury notes.
The Federal party, on being defeated
in '2S. recognized under the name of
Wing party, and in 1910, it elected
Gen. Harrison president, and John
Tyler vice.president. Harrison died
within a month of his Inauguration
and Tyler became president. Con-
gress passed bill to charter National
Bank, but President Tyler vetoed it, as
Jackson had ten yeras before.
In 1874 Polk was elected president,
as a Democrat, the chief issue being
the annexation Of Texas. Texas was a
slaVe-hOldiug country, and her annexa-
ton to the United States was a pro-
slavery measure, aud in becoming the
champion o: that measure the Demo-
cratic party became the pro slavery
party.
10 1854, at the demand of the slave
Oligarchy, the Democratic party, then
in power, repealed the Missouri Com
promise act, thus opening the territories
of Kansas ADD Nebraska to slavery. In
1856. the Freesoil element of the two
parties organized the present Republi-
can party, and nominated John c.
Fremont for president. The Repub-
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