The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-09-11
NOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDUsTRY.

A shuttle manufacturer in Massachusetts
has effected an Improvement In that mechan-
ism which promises to be OF considerable
practical value in tho operations Of woollen
mills. In lieu Of the ordinary hinged spindle
for receiving and holding tho bobbin Of yarn. Q
short rigid spindle is employed in combination
with two holding jaws. one n bove and the other
below the head Of tho bobbin; tho latter they
clacp and securely hold in a central position. .
single spiral spring being arranged In the base
o oil ! ne n, shuttle ,nihIo 80 So Fl to to rS SSs an IN, G Mnap r ySish
Is Hs p 5ms "dIop As a " result Of 5fptMEii; his S %niTSe co Mml | !.
tion all splitting Of the bobbins arising from
tho use OF the long pointed hinged srindlo is
ohviat cd. with n consequent saving OF waste
yarn. Tho trouble from the brcaEing Of this
yarn by tho canting OF the spindle point In
the weaving operation Is also overcome.
The effect produced on the character Of
cement for mortars by the size or form OF the
sand employed has been the subject Of inves.
~tigation by NJ. Feret. n French expert. who
prepared artificial sands out OF crushed
quartzite. with q view to determine its
strength as compared with sand OF natural
formation. The sand as received from the
crusher was graded into three degrees OF fine
ness. The first consisted Of such grains -
would pass through a sieve containing four
meshes To- the square, centimetre and
% %eshes rI ns g saua So o 9 sisss Of th ssl lstessond
s0n sisss' o, t 2f ssintns mes RRss''se 70 tho te sGnars
inner mesh. Willie. VIII 't tho iii I'd 4" c ons 0! the
grains passing this last sieve. Measursd dr..
same specific siiiG'S weight islhni the second "sa Being slight.
Y the %lightest. Mixed in various proportions.
highest specific, Weight was one Surprising
six parts Of the first sand and four OF the third.
than that Of number two.
Among the processes for freproonns to
which tho attention OF tho directors Of the
Berlin Exposition was recently drawn.a and for
which awards have been declared. are the fol.
lowing: For light tissues. q composition con.
sisting Of sixteen pounds ammonium sul-
phatcs. five pounds ammonium carbonate.
four pounds borax. six pounds boric acid.
four pounds starch-or ono pound dextrine or
one pound eelatineIand twenty-aye gallons
ir9ned as usual; One quart Of this
For curtain materials. theatrical decorations,
Chords are mixed With iitthh' 80 %ucS aoated Gaha%
Ss to 5' ts t the mas 1HSs i 80 n5St F"Sr' and and 4 Ills Is then he.
terial to be treated is given one or two coats OF
It by means OF Il brush. A pound Of this. cost
Ing only a mere trifle. is sufficient to cover i've
square rods.
The manufacture OF a new compound OF glass
and wire. which is found to possess q remarka-
BILE resisting W to sudden changes OF tom
perature. bids fair to become an important in
dustry. according to the accounts which have
appeared in the Dresden. Germany. papers.
Tho process OF production consists In furnish-
ing glass. while in a hot plastic condition. with
q flexible metallic layer. like wire netting. the
metal becoming. completely imbedded In the
glass. and In this way being effectively pro-
Of such a compound; It is stated that the glass
may be sprinkled with cold water, while It 10
being. materially damaged. and the article is.
thde re- r :copsidered to be particularly adapt
tiles 81 thse .' substa ans D SsnaerinF Eetihl s nss q aq e..
ordinary wire protectors nnecessary. It has
aIs9 been successfully sue rs employsd for hollow
pressure or are subject to hard usage: and. as
unusual noise. and as It is not readily cut with
the diamond. It is claimed that the material 10
In q measure burglar proof.
An invention Is reported in tho English
papers. consisting Of an ingenious method Of
seating ring frame bobbins upon a SPINDLE. so
that. at high speed. all slipping shall BE-
avoided. This is ACCOMPLISHED By the use of
two washes OF c~loth-roller cloth being found
best adapted for the purpose-one OF which
Is firmly attached to the disk on the spindle.
and the other on the under side OF the bobbin.
The friction between these rough and at the
same time elastic surfaces Is found to be highly
bobbin is recessed on the under side. and the
cloth attached by varnish or glue. the edges
iause paHtdi'tt turned over epo The e' Washe a%!0p Aeeo tae
ing to this arrangement there is practically no
%slipping; and Consequently but yeEy iittls
vantages the driving is unaffe tod by oil. the
adhesion being even greater when soaked
with OIL than when dry.
Additional tests made with the new form Of
coast light devised by Schirm Of Berlin have
proved quite satisfactory. The trials. which
were made on the coast near the mouth Of
the Elbc. show the light to be brighter than
either gas or electricity. while tho cost Of
is said to be very small. The APP
with all its accessories. Is barely
seven feet in height and three feet in d iame-
and consists, of a blast engine for driv-
ing air through rumice stone impreg-
t anssd o El.h Hen Is sarr TnS t fspzIRS i fss
magnesium powder. and. being saturated
proceeds upward through a pipe
light. it is claimed. of 100000 candle power.
The apparatus is controlled by clockwork. and
is enclosed in glass TO protect 1t from the wind
weather. Tho Arrangement is especially
for giving an Intermittent light. tho
pending on the power Of tho light which may
be required in any given case. An important
namely. that it can lie used without condensers.
log arrangements or reNectors. although the
use Of Icnses further strengthens the W Of
tho light.
The curious phenomenon that certain SUBJ.
stances retain actinic power after being with.
lrawn from light has recently been ~investi.
by VI. Gauti.r. who now shows that Q
in equal volumes of chlorine and ny.
lrogcn will explode in twenty or thirty SEQ
onds when placed in the shade at a spot
which tho sun has recently lighted up; and 1t
: Il singular fact that chlorine n nd hydrogen.
which have been obtained by the slectrolysis
II hydrorhlorio acid. will explode together
II diiIuse daylight. which, only affects the
wo gases obtained by the ordinary lab
,rqtory methods very, slowly, Again.
{ hydrogen gas Is mixed with chlorine gas
vhich has previously been exposed to sun
ight. the mixture will explode instantaneously
n the dark. These facts show, 1t Is thought,
hat substances which have been submitted
o tho action OF electricity. or which have been
for Il certain time to the direct rays
If the sun; are in IL peculiar state OF excite
nent, which renders them much more active
~ regards one another than are the same sub.
stances prepared by the ordinary methods. OF
he laboratory they acquire u peculiar allo-
ropic state. similar to what ozone is as re-