davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02
FUsING METALS.

Platinum, iridium and several other
metals can only be fused in the oxy-hydro-
gen blow-pipe fame. OF these, iridium
requires q temperature of 3.542 degrees
Fahrenheit to melt it. Osmium, metal
discovered in platinum ore in 1904, has
never yet been fused. Osmium and iridium,
beside being the most non-fusable metals,
are also the heaviest, being each of them
about twice the weight of the same
bulk of lead. When osmium is heated up
to the temperature at which iridium is
fully melted it evaporates and deposits
itself as black powder on any cold object
held in the vapor, while it takes fire in the
air and forms tetroxide. Osmium is not
used in the arts. but the alloy of osmirid-
ium, which is not attacked by acids, Is en-
ployed for tipping gold pens and occasion
ally for the bearings of marine compasses.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

of champion by skin-glove fight with
Alice Leary Sept. 16, 1888. Mrs. Spond
was % years old, 5 it. s in. tall and
weighed in fighting condition 1S5 pounds.
Jim DAILY, sparring partner of Corbett,
is TO have speaking part in the latter s
new play.
The Pacific Athletic club of San Fran
cisco has offered a purse of $4,000 for a
twenty-round fight between Joe Goddard
and Peter Jackson.
Charley Johnson of Minneapolis and
George Dodds of San Francisco will fight
next month before. the Pacific Athletlc
club, San Francisco, for $4,000 purse.
In letter to Warren Lewis, Jim Hall
writes that he will leave England for this
country next month. Hall states that he
will Immediately make a match with Firz-
simmons for q $4,000 purse ct catch
weights, the contest to take place either
before the Olympic CT the Coney Island
Athletic club three months after signing
art iolo
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02
WHY TREES GROW ZIP

Why trees or other plants grow erect has
never yet been definitely determined. 1t
has been supposed to have some relation to
the action of light. Certainly plant
usually growing erect turns toward any
opening for light in dark cellar. but when
there Ia no light they grow erect. DIR.
Maxwell S. Masters has recently called at
tenticn to some cases In an English coal
mine, 1000 feet Deep Some props made
from green posts pushed out into growth,
and, though in absolute darkness, they
were perfectly erect and perfectly
blanched.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

in the horses mouth for nearly all animals
of nerve fight abuse; the greater the
torture the more vicious the animal will be-
come, says turf writer.
j. w. Spalding denies the story that he
is interested in the new bicycling scheme.
He predicts the failure of the new plan,
unless it Is controlled by the League Of
American Wheelmen.
A turf writer says that horses are COM
monty made to carry too heavy shoes. The
shoe is designed merely to protect the hoof,
ana the lighter it can be made and still
serve its purpose the better for the horse.
A turf expert declares that some day
breeders will begin to train fast walkers as
we'll as fast trotters. No matter where the
able single quality it can have is to be q
fast walker.
Nightingale, 2;131S, has, up to date, won
seven races this season without defeat
and S13, 800 in stakes and purses. She has
trotted twenty-one heats in 2:30 or, better,
ten below 2:20 and three below 2:15. AS a
race mare and campaigner she stands
among the greatest.
The valuable stallion Henry r, 2:25, by
General Stanton, was killed in collision
On the Grant Trunk railway of Canada,
near Winons. about year ago, and the
owner sued the railway company for Sc, 900.
The case has just been decided, awarding
the owner $1,000.
Beautiful Bells is the only broodmare
that has produced three 3-year-old trotters
with records better than 800. The per-
formers referred to are Bellflower, 2:l615 ;
Bell Boy, 2:19H, and Kinda Rose. 2:1915
The average for the three is 2lS 5-12
1t is not probable that race could be
arranged between Nancy Hanks, 2:04
and Martha Wilkes, 2:0S, yet it would be
the most tremendous successes of the de-
cade, and if held at any great central point
would attract al enormous crowd
The favorite for the st. Leger, Orme,
refused to try in the race and there is no
reason to doubt that his heart was broken
by what was asked of him at Good wood
and Sandown. Before the start he showed
lot of temper and tried to bolt over the
rails.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

Speculative and philosophical writer's
have long since established the fact that we
have no proof that Dec. 25 is the date of the
birth of the Messiah. At one time the he
ginning OF the Christian Era was supposed
to conform with the great event above
mentioned, but it has been pretty clearly
established that Christ was not born on the
day we celebrate as Christmas or at auv
other time during the winter month
The date now unanimously agreed upon
by scholars is April 5, not April Of the
year OF one" but April 5, b. c. This
error in the mode of reckoning time is sup
posed TO have arisen from the fact that the
time "a D." was not introduced until
about the year 597 OF the Christian Era
st. Louis Republic.
Cheapest place to buy clothing P. q.
Co-oP.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

day was read and suggestions offered as to
the observance Of the day.
Advised the teachers to take soma sdn-
cational journal, All should take the I,.ts.
Mountain Educator, as it is a good home
journal.
Meeting adjourned for two weeks.
F. w. BLISS. Secratarv.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

or with hands like that of Mr.. Caesar, who
represented Hertefordshire during the
last century, which waa as nearly like the
lobster's claw as q specimen of humanity
could be expected to carry; a species OF
malformation be shared, according to the
records of the Berlin Academy of Sciences,
with whole family of negroes dwelling
near Paramaribo in 1853.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02
MISCELLANEOUS SPORTS.

T the Y. M. G. A.
to rn a m ent at
w Washington w.
a. Condor of Will
mington thre w
sthe l6.pound ham
m er 122 feet,
b r Q a k n e the
worlds record of
1l6 #. II in. He
also broke the
s and 12-pound
records, his new
records being 2O2
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02
ABOUT HANDS.

Children have come into the world
sparsely provided as regards the members
of the hand; some with but thumb and
index finger, others with no thumb at all
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02
HORSE NOTES.

VERY speedy
mile our horses
go, or every Sec
ond knocked off
their record is a
grand compensa-
ton for services
rendered.
a n a i o n al
Drivers associa-
ton will be form
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

week again reafiirmed the decision Of the
supreme court regarding the rights Of
wheelmen to the roads,
1t 10 likely that before the season closes
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

Buy your dress goods, clothing under
wear, SHOES, groceries at P. E. Co-oP
Strengthening prices for conference.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02
BICYCLING.

He Social Wheel club
Is the name OF a new
organization recently
formed at Hartford.
Conn.,, composed Of
both men aud women
cyclists.
Judge Thomson of
Louisville, KY. last
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02
WHEN CHRIST WAS BORN.

Z. E. CO-oP.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

All Advertisements FOR tbs SHzz-
syzsKLr must Be in Monday and Thurs
day Nights.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1892-10-02

Cheapest place to buy clothing P. z.
Co-oP. +
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
NEWS CONDENsED.

Louis Kossuth is in poor health.
The drouth in southern Russia has been
broken.
The state bank at Arkalon, Ks, has sus-
pended.
Big Four yard men at Columbus, o., are
on "A strike.
Steamer ii. NJ. Whitney sunk In Bos-
ton harbor has been raised.
French line steamers are TO resume sail
ing from Havre.
Gladstone will have to meet Russia's
claim TO the Pamirs.
II Diablo wins the Lowther stakes at
Newmarket, Eng.
Tho Crescent Steel Works OF Pittsburg
have reduced wages.
j. l.. Dunn has been appointed post
master at Cumberland, Me.
IL is alleged that there was a brigand
chief in Rndini's cabinet.
Boys set fire TO barn at Fredericks-
burg, Ia, and were burned to death.
Xavier Mariner, the French traveller
and author, IS dead. He was SO years old.
William f. Serratt, the man missing
from Maiden, Mass, was found in Bos-
ton.
Thirty new cases OF cholera and sixteen
deaths were reported at Buda-P Pesth
Monday.
People OF Baton Rouge, La, are to ask
reimbursement for the burning OF their
homes during the war.
The steamer 3 ate OF Georgia has been
successfully fioated of the river banks
and has arrived a. Quebec.
Lester Butterfield, aged seven, OF Saco,
Me-, left home Monday and has not
since returned. 1t is feared he has been
drowned.
John Cavanaugh, of Bridgeport, Conn.,,
who, two weeks ago, fell down stairs
with lighted lamp in his hand and was
terribly burned, Is dead.
Joseph Patterson, dealer in gents fur
nishingr at Toronso has assigned. Liza
bilities si),0 900; assets nominally about
the same. The assignment is due TO an
overflow OF real estate.
A meeting OF shoe manufacturers in
Haverhill, Mass, has been called for
Thursday evening to consider the matter
OF arranging joint board OF arbitrati ion
with local labor organizat ions for the
settlement OF labor troubles that spring
no in factories.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
TALBOT & COMPANY THE TEN-DOLLAR CLOTHIERS
!o54Lo56
Gov. Russell VIII Not b. Accommodated
by the Republicans.

Boston, Oct. ia letter, a copy OF
which is subjolned, was sent yesterday
from Republican headquarters in reply
TO the challenge OF the Democratic lead
ers to joint debate between the caudi-
dates:
To the Democratic state Committee, Mr., Jo-
siah Quincy, chairman, Mr.. Daniel +. suck
ley, secretary:
Gentlemen-Your communication OF the
2ith ult., has been received and carefully con-
stdered. We recognize no public issues as
having arisen through the official acts OF Gov
ernor Russell and Lieutenant Governor Halle
which requires personal debate between
them. Their records are well known by the
mink any such debate as you request
would beneh5 any one. The general
principles of the two parties will be dis cussed
by each of them from many platforms Ia the
state, and their views will be prese nted TO the
people, not only from these platforms but
through the press, in so general manner
that every voter in the state OF Massachuset =
about them and TO vote for that cand date
who he thinks will best represent him and
his principles.
The above reasons will apply with equal
force, in our opinion, 10 the suggested dis
cussion between the Democratic candidate
for lieutenant governor, Mr.. James y. Car
r. ]. and the Republican candidate. Mr..
Roger Wolcott. Your respectful invitation is
therefore declined.
We are yours respectfully,
EBEN 3. DRAPER Chairman.
A. q. RATsHEsKY, Secretary.
For the Republican State Committee.
BosroN, Oct. II, 1892
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
SHOT THE EDITOR.
A Reporters Terrible Revenge for
Being DISCHARGED.

SALTWATER. MINI, Oct. l2--Victor
c. Seward, editor of the Saltwater Mes
senger, was shot by George Peters last
night.
Peters was formerly employed on the
paper as local reporter.
Seward had just left his office and was
stopped on the street by Peters. There
was an alteration and then Peters drew
his revolver and fired. The shot struck
Seward in the back of the head, and he
staggered into drug store where he fell
down.
Peters followed and levelng his weap-
on at the PROSTATE man, fired twice. One
of the shots landed in Stewards head and
the other passed through his hat.
Peters was arrested. lie said he had
good reasons for shooting Seward but
would not tell them now He added that
he came to town for the express purpose
of killing him.
Seward was veteran Minnesota jour-
-fiaifst aHd-was- we'll known all over the
northwest.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12

NEW York, Oct. 12.-Engine 2l7 draw
ing train OF Ave cars crashed into the
rear Of another al" train at Eighth av-
snus and 125 street. Thirteen passengers
were injured, and possibly one OF the
number Is fatally hurt. The accident
was due to the neglect OF the en-.
gineer OF the rear train, who has not
been seen since the collision. The crash.
Ehich was witnessed by many people on
Iotn street was said to be like the sound
" big gun report.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
NEARING THE END.

Mrs. Harrison II Gradually Growing
weaker-Recoycry Impossible.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 12.-Mrs. Harrison
Is gradually growing weaker. The nour-
ishment consisting OF raw eggs and beef
tea which has been 30 important an ele-
ment in keeping up her strength is now
taken in smaller quantities. She rests
quietly as a rule and sleeps much of the
time, but awaSes exhausted instead of
refreshed. The cough which has dis
tressed her at intervals haI ceased, but
this is regarded Us an unfavorable symp-
tom. The disease is progressing more
rapidly and the left lung is now involved.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
philadelphia Catholics Celebrated

PHILADELPHIA, Oct. 12.-The Colum-
bian celebration by the Roman Catholic
church in Philadelphia began yesterday
with the parade OF the boys OF the pa
rochial schools, and was concluded in the
eyan.ng DO n torchlight procession and
paeeant part ipated in by 10000 Catho-
les and viewed by 100000 people.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Weather Indications.

WASHINGTON, Oct. H. Forecast for
Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont:
Fair; north shifting to southeast winds;
warmer in the interior, stationary tenn
perature on the coast; for Massac husetts,
Rhode Island and Connecticut: Gener-
ally fair, east to west winds; slightly
cooler on the coast.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
lie "Burglod" IN Springfield. Too.

SPRrNoFIELD, Mass, Oct. 12-Wilbur
Sloane, who was arrested at Newport, II.
J.. for burglary has been identified as the
burglar who did number OF jobs in this
city recently. He worked in Hampden
two years ago and stole hore and team
and s5D there, disappearing at the time.
He has friends living In this city.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Nancy Hanks
And
Crocodile CIGARS
Lead
Them

Time tries all, and stands
trial itself when a watch is
tested by hard usage. This
shows its practical working
qualities. Looks count for
something, too, in a watch;
there should be both fine
looks and fine works.
"A I4-karat gold filled or
coin-silver case makes a beau
tiful watch to look at. Jew
eled works, stem-set and
stem wind are practical
points. They stand the test
in the new guaek-a0inaaWg
"Waterbury. ,eiS nHnr go% ,s%s,st SSast ,s. wi, j.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
reII Down an Air Shaft.

BROOKLYN, y. Y, Oct. 12.-Assistant
Clerk Frank McKernan OF the Hotel st.
George went on the roof OF the hotel with
party to view the fireworks on tho
Brooklyn bridge. inadvertently he
stepped on the skylight, broke through
and fell TO the bottom OF tho air shaft.
lie was fatally injured.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
To Help Out New York.

NEW HAVEN. Conn, Oct. 12.-The Sec
ond Regiment OF Infantry, c. N. G., 712
strong, Lieut.. Col. Burpee, commanding,
left for New York last night to partici-
pate in the Columbian celebration in the
metropolis. The command is in excel
lent spirits and presented fine appear
ance while en- route to the steamer Con-
nj
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Tho First Pneumatic Salute.

NEW YoSK, Oct. For the first time
in history pneumatic gun was fred rs
salute yesterday. This was when the
dynamite cruiser Vesuvius saluted Forts
Wadsworth and Hamilton with her
pneumatic guns. The aslutes from the
Vesuvius were as rapid and as sure as
thoss OF the secondary batteries OF the
cruisers. -
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Catholic Total Abstainers.

SPRINGFIELD, Mass, Oct. 12.-The six
teenth annual convention of the Catholic
Total Abstinence Society OF the diocese
OF Springfield opened last evening at
Union Armory with meetings of various
committees and an informal reception OF
delegates, 200 being present. A banquet
followed at which the speakers were Rev.
j. f. Leonard of Holyoke, Mayor Sbley,
Rev. b. s. Conaty and DIR. John Black
mpr-
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Two rires IN ,ssiye.ton.

, GALVESTON, Tex, Oct. 12.-Fire broke
out in the hold OF the British steamsh hip
Knutsfcrd. loading cotton. Eight hun
dred bales werc totally or partially des-
troyed with no damage TO the ship. The
Galveston creosote works were burned
hst night. Loss s75,ooO; no insurance.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Their Bodies Pound Af,oa,.

PORT HURON, Mich, Oct. 12.-There
San now be no question as to the fate of
she crew of the missing steamer Nashua.
- there were picked mp three miles be-
low Godericht bodies OF Mrs. Capt. ID.
Shepard, OF Brockway Centre, Mich.
who accompanied her husbond on the
fatal trip. IL was the first tidings re-
ecived As TO the fate OF the crew and two
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Determined to XIII Himself.

BRIDGEPORT, Conn.,, Oct. 12.-James
Blake, resident of North Bridgeport,
took half an ounce OF arsenic in barber
shop at Bulls Head. Being detected, he
left the shop and hastened toward the
woods. Nothing more was seen of him
until he walked into his mothers house
in North Bridgeport. He was writhing
with pain. Physic icians were called but
Blake was beyond medical aid and will
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
v,eve,nna ana Reid Registered.

New YORK, Oct. 12.--More than one
hundred thousand citizens qualified for
voting In this city yesteaday. 1t was the
first day of registration and the number
of names recorded was larger than on snv
previous first day in the city's history.
Ex- x-President Cleveland and Whitelaw
Reid were among those who registered.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
rhc ,.oln in thn rrn,.nrr.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 12.-The net gold in
the treasury amounts to si22, ,4O2, $50, an
increase OF So 1851 600 since the 1st inst,
and an increase OF ss,25o,ooo since Sep
tember 1st. Since Jan. 1st, 1889. the gold
balance r ached its lowest figure on tho
1rst OF last July when IL was stated at
fli0,4il3D0.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
Three Boys Drowned.

NASHUA, N. H., Oct. 12.-Three boys,
Willie oodcock, Frank Alger and Will
lie Lee, each about IA years old, were
drowned last night in Harbor Pond, be-
ing upset from boat In which they were
fooling. Lee belonged in Lowell and ran
away from school there. Two boys swan
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
VIII Adjourn This Week,

CHICAGO, Oct. ia message has been
received from Chief Justice Fuller an
nouncing that the Supreme Court OF tho
Nnited States would adjourn late this
week and come TO Chicago TO take part In
tine ceremonies of dedicating the Worlds
Fair buildings.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
An unu.aal Democratic succc...

CHATTANOOGA, Team, Oct. 12.-Chat-
tanoosa has elected seven Democrats out
OF eight aldermsnic candidates, securing
control OF the government for the irst
I me In p years. All East Tennessee has
hitherto been Rspublican.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
MRS. MAVERICKS CASE.
w. 7. Stead Takes 1t Up and Pre-
sents 1t With Great Vigor.

LONDON, Oct. 70 In the next issue of
the RepielD Of ReUieiCs, w. 7. Stead, its
editor, will nave an article headed,
Ought Mrs Maybrick to be Tortured
to Death ?" in wich he vigorously and at
great length re opens the whole case of
the unfortunate American woman who is
now undergoing sentence of life inn
prisonment for the alleged poisoning or
her husband. who was well-known
Liverpool merchant.
In the course of his article Mr. Stead
says thaS both he and Sir Charles Rus
sell, the attorney general, have received
from South Africa copies OF the death
bed confession of Harry Wilson, who de-
clared that he. with IA woman whose name
is not given, placed arsenic i'm the medi-
cine that was administered To Mr.. May
brick during his last illness.
Mr. Stead investigated the matter
ana declares that he ATTACHES weight to
the confession; but, he adds, even il 10
we're xalneless it will be of service In di-
recting attention TO the travesty OF jus
tice. which has exposed Great Britain to
serious remonstrances from tho United
States, aud which is not unlikely TO be-
come subject of diplomatic remou-
strances.
Mr. Stead makes strong appeal for
the release OF Mrs Maybrick before
Christmas. Her condition Is sucn he says
that she will speedily die il she is not re-
leased.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12

NORTH SYDNEY, c. b., Oct. i2.-The
schooner Joseph Rowe o, Gloucester
which arrived here yesterday with her
nag at half mast, reports that John
Brown, aged p, one OF the crew, fell from
the gan struck the cabin and was i'm
SANITY killed. The man belonged TO
Port Tn four.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12
The pension fraud is tho prco,c,

OF the agc-and Cleveland struck
the bcggars ~. the face. He should
he given n chance TO hit 'em again.
Durham, y, G. Globe.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12

3 Of these fine SUITS
and I Of these FINE OVER
COATS GIVEN AWAY.
See particulars at
bottom Of advertise
ment.
The Providence news. (Providence [R.I.]) 1891-1906, 1892-10-12

WASHINGTON, Oct. 12-Secretary Of
State, Foster said last night, in regard to
the story that Editor Stead has "A copy of
the death-bed confession of Henry Will
son, who says that he and a woman other
than Mrs Maybrick administered the
arsenic that caused Mr.. Maybrick's death,
that he would at once telegraph. the
United States consul at Cape of
Good Hope. where Wilson died. di-
rectlng him To investigate the correctness
OF the statement. The secretary init
mated that IL the statement was true the
department. would take steps TO have the
case properly brought to the attention of
the English officials, and request that
Mrs Maybrick be discharged
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1892-11-25
and all lands
ment and held settlers only ~ ma 49,

all lands owned by ALIENS py the
ment and held for actual settlers only.
Whereas other questions consideration
hereby submit the following Of the platform
party resolutions the
ton. 'SV
Resolved, That demand all
pledge ourselves
through adoption the states
Australian secret ballot
SecondRoved That the derived from graduated
should applied
ing upon the domestic industries this country.
Resolved That support
sons to ex-union soldiers
That condemn ofprocg
which
classes OF the world
the present ineffective labor
the further restriction of immig
That cordially sympathe with the efforts of
orkngmen shorten the hours OF labor rigid
the existing work.
Chat a penalty clause be added to the said law.
SxthResolved That the standing
menaries known Pnkerton
liberties demand it's aboon
territory Wyoming the hired pocracy
sisted by federal officials.
SevenResoved That the favorable consideration
the people and the reform
itiative and referendum.
EghthResoved That constitutional provision limiting
election senators the United States direct vote OF the people,
That subsidy national aid
private corporation for any purpose.