The Lamar register., 1892-04-09
on which Is engraved the sum OF her
virtues The tablet is placed over the
door ut the principal entrance to her
house.
THE ARTEL.
Queer Communist IustitutIon Anon:
tbs Russian Peasants.
house

this Russian Peasants.
The very peculiar associations of
Russian workmen known rs artels are
described in recent report from the
British embassy at St Petersburg.
says the London Times The artel is
TO be found ia every Industry. and is
based rather on local customs than
special regulations The primitive
form OF the Institution i S an associa-
tion Of workmen who live and work
together, and on tho termination OF
each piece of work divide among
themselves the profits. Like the mir
or commune. the members OF the
artels have an equal share in the
profits and stand under the direction
and authority OF foreman or elder
In the large towns the urtels are OF u
more complex kind. possessing large
capital and are pecuniarlly responsi-
ble for the acts of the individual mem
bsrs. such. for Instance. are those of
tho bank pOrters who have unlimited
opportunities OF stealing and arc oft
en- iu,rusted with the guarding and
transpog ting OF enormous sums; but
tho banker has no cause for anxiety.
because he knows that II any de alca-
tioa occurs 1t will be made good TO aim
by the artcl
The arteL boing responsible for the
individuals Of which It is composed.
Is very careful In admitting new mem
bors and man when admitted IS
closely watched not only by the reg
ularIy constituted Office bearers but
also by all his fellow members who
have m opportunity Of Observing him.
There are various sorts Of arteIs,
They arc to be found in the country
where the peasant who is TOO poor 10
cultivate purchased or leased lands
forms with other peasantry in tho
same condition Us himself an artcL
and they cultivate Il in common. di-
yIding among themselves tho profits
ot their labor Tho oldest IS goucr-
ally chosen as chief aud tho work is
divided according 70 each mans phys
icsll force. There Hra artsls IN the
cultivation OF tobacco in TcherujgoT.
lhcsc arc composed Of girls six or
nine in number. who elect fore
woman. who makes contract with
the proprietor the principal clause OF
which provides that half Of tho tDhac-
co harvest should belong to the-arteL
Tho other clauses generally bind the
proprietor 10 furnish lodging lighting
and fire
There arc artels Of shepherds who
arc hired by c0mnuncs ald generally
paid in kind. Generally speaking
ar,eis are divided into four distinct
classes according 10 their objects
Industry credit food aud insurance.
The urtels for credit arc rare as the
Russian workman seldom saves money
and whom he does Is afraid TO lend it
TO any assn iution. Artsis for food
ere iOund in great numbcr OF fac
tories and exist in different categorias
according to tho wages received 10y
the worSmcn. There are also similar
Institutions for women as well as
clildrcn. Tho membsrs Of such su
artcl elect ono Among their number
who Is called the elder whose duty il
is 10 buy the provisions and make ap
the accounts which are prcsentec tc
each workman at certain periods.
For this duty he receives from every
WORKMAN triHlng sum a month. Th'
artols fos insurance against fire OF
other calamity ara hardly developed,
though much has been done to encour
ace the formation OF such societies b!
the government and local authorities