Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-01-23
Ear SHOE WITH RUBBER TREAD.


leather. and il the owners of the animals were
rich and ostentatious the soles Of the boots were
protected by sheet Of metal in rare cases
the precious metals, gold and silver, were used.
1t Is said that the mules of the Emperor Nero
wore boots Of leather shod with silver, while
those Of his wife Poppaa had the soles pro-
sected by gold.
THE FIRST IRON SHOE.
Coming down to later times, the earliest
record that is found Of iron shoes being nailed
to the hoof is in the description of a shoe said
to have belonged to the horse Of Childeric.
Who lived A. ID. 4S1, but the practice did not
become general until the ninth century. 1t
seems to be not necessary in all countries to
shoe horses, for in many wild portions of the
globe horses and ponies run overrocks, through
ravines and over PERCEPTIONS ridges unshod, and
with advantage to their hoofs. for these ami
mails seldom suffer from contracted feet or
corns o. sand cracks The fact appears to be
that enlightened man has by his care and use
trained the horse to have tender feet and
fragile hoofs and to make the use Of iron as Q
protection compulsory. The practice of shoe
Ing horses was introduced into England by
William the Conqueror, the daring and pitiless
Norman duke.
1t 10 not positively known where he obtained
the custom, probably from eaSsern France and
Italy, since this act as far as can be ascer-
tanned, originated in the east and gradually ex-
tended to the western nations. Horse shoers
In Italy were called manescalchi, the singular
for which 10 manescalca. and subsequently these
words, slightly modified. are found in use in
France A. well a. in Italy, viz: Merechaux and
marechal According to authorities the ety.
mology Of the word marechal was derived from
two ancient words meaning horse and custo-
dian or minister. The title was an honorable
one, implying skilled knowledge Of horses.
Al . still later period the word mare
chal was adopted in France as a
title Of military distinction and was afterward
used In England in the same way. In recent
times it distinguished the highest military
rank In France. To be a marechal was the
coveted glory and ambition of many q valiant
French soldier. The word has never been used
In England nor in this country to designate
horse shoes. though among the French it We.
maintains its usage in that sense. marechal
de France and IN marechal expert are under
stood distinctly, the first a marshal of France
and the second an expert horse sheer.
VETERINARY COLLEGES
The versatile Frenchmen early took the
greatest interest in the art Of shoeing, and in
1761 veterinary college was founded in Paris.
A complete staff Of professors gave instruction
In the physiology and anatomy of the horse
and veterinary medicine in general and es-
peciai attention was paid to imparting a scien-
tnc understanding Of the practice of shoeiug.
Thirty years later the London Veterinary Col
lege was established in England, and upon the
plan Of those in France. A Frenchman was
Imported to have charge of it and a general
effort was made throughout the kingdom to
foster and encourage the growth Of the institu-
ton At this day the art and the practice of il
seem TO be regarded as being without the pale
OF the veterinarian and are confined to the vii.
lage smith and city horse shoer The PRINCIPAL
parts Of the shoe are the two faces. upper and
lower; the two edges. outer and inner; the toe
or front part, the heels, the quarters between
the toe and heels; the caiks. pro.
3sctons from the lower face at the toe and