davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14


The New York Evening Post has the
following:
Dir. Thomas Spackbrower, OF Ger.
Imantown, who has an interest in the
large canning factory in lower Della
ware, said to a Philadelphia reporter
the ether day: Most persons who
think about the matter at all, doubt
less imagine that canned vegetables
are put up by hand, but such is not
the case, and In that Industry we have
called in the aid of machinery to q
surprising extent.
For instance, my firm owns q ma
chine that will shell 1900 bushels of
peas In q day, and another ingenious
contrivance that packs the peas into
the cans ct the very brisk rate OF 1900
cans an hour. The work OF both ma
chimes Is cleanly and economically
done, aud the peas are not crushed or
In any way injured. These two clever
devices last season handled the peas
that filled 400, 900 cans, and this year
the figures will he close upon a half
million. This is one reason and a
very important ono. too. why canned
vegetables are now SO reasonable In
price,"
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

William Avery, aged 60 years, resid-
ing at No. 1920 Vandeyer avenue, was
struck yesterday and killed by Train
No. q, on the Maryland division on
the Philadelphia. Wilmington and Bal
tlmore railroad near Landllth station.
lie was pushing vheelbnrrow across
the tracks when the engine hit him
with the effects as noted above. Ills
remains were brought to the morgne
ami coroner Sparks held an inoliest
over III body this morning al ten
o'clock and gave verdict OF acciden.
tai death.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
seatha,s! Con 9Th I Eisp Streets.

II you want good tea anil coffee. we
have tea as hgh as S3 II pound. but our
liellpsi tcn Is what YOU want. It Is roy al.
We have overland tea and uncolorrh ia
pan pure. We eau sell you all prices, We
have needle lea fine, You can / take ts
wrong ON tea. Our coffee Il cleared in
the roasting and Keeps you in good hui
NOR. our ID ltast bread selS well. Il
keeps you from having dyspepsia; only :
cents u louf. Look at our canned goods
aud fruits. Lots Of plnnul and Jelly
cheap; the dried cherries make excellent
pics. G anulated Ice at cents. We Will
open our now mackcrl on Friday and
cream goldfish. We will soil fish chcnp,
now meat Is SO high. We have plt edged
vinegar and white wine vinegar TO Keep
picsels. Come on and 500 Tho goods we
oppn every day. Those cakes at cents
nick nhcks al 10 cents, Wlll sell YOU II
double fine wushbunrd aad bar nickle 3
sonp Tor y cents at T. NJ. WlERS CTR.
9Th and King streets. jyA
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Next Monday evening the Ladies'
Aid Society Of Smyth Post. No. /, G..
a. IT,, will give q splendid entertain
mont at their rooms, Third and King
streets. 1t will consist Of stereoptlcon
views Of scsnes In Europe, which will
10 fully explained By Post Depart.
mont Commander Woodman. The
tickets are only 10 cents, and as the
profits are for the society, there should
be large attendance.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

The Young Mems Republican Club
are having handsome banner painted
which they will display on King street
iii few days. On each side there will
lie likeness OF the candidates for
President and Nice-Presldent, while in
tho center there is fort, surmounted
by the White House. 1t is an artistic
and splendid piece OF work, and one
OF the finest campaign banners ever
displayed In this city.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

SPRINGFIELD, Ohio, July 18th,
most destructiul tornado which eve,
visited this section OF tho country
struck the southeastern portion of t6t
city, tho resident portion, this morn
ing ut IL o'clock and completely de
ttnlIy ruined over hundred more
But two persons are bcsslbly fatal,
injured, but the loss OF property Ia AZ
palllng. 4 conservative estimat,
places the loss at between $50 600 ant
5000, 600.
The tornado was fully milo lonl
from the west to east end three block
wide, II first struck the fair ground,
In the western part OF the city.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Henry p. Cannon. OF Bridgov lie,
Sussex County. Del, late Republican
oand idate for Congress from Delaware,
is not only merchant but Gamer
OF fruit. He was seen two or three
days ago by gentleman from this
city Just after he had made a large
purchase OF tin. Mr.. Cannon express
cd great surprise that he got his tin
much cheaper than he did year and
two years ago. From what he heard
from tin-plate liars he expected to have
TO pay O large advance.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
DIED

MEEK AM. in this city. on the 18th inst.
Thomas Gilbert NJ ekum. infant son OF
months and IS days.
Relatives and friends are respectfully
invited 10 attend the funeral from. The
residence OF his parents. No. l0ls Wilson
street, on Saturday afternoon, at 2o'clock,
Our First in Heaven"
DAYlS.--ln this city, on the l2th inst.
Mary Davis. aged rs years
Relatives and friends, and the Ladies'
Washington Home Communion. No. j, OF
delaware, and daughters of the Forest,
arc respectfully invited 10 attend tho III.
iieinl from the residence of her daughter.
MIS- Annie Mccartney. corner OF a and
Glnynlont streets, on Friday. the 18th
inst, at . p. M. Intermunt at Old Swe1e4 !
Philadelphia Record please copy.
MERRICK-0n July lith, 1872 Sarah
widow of John Merrick,
Relatives and friends are invited 10 at-
tend the funeral from her late residence,
900 East 9TH street, on Sa:u rday, 10Th
inst, at O'clock. p. IN.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

New CASTLE, July 14.-Small boats
are in demand here now for sailing,
grabbing and fishing parties. Al.
though New Castle has a reputation Of
being Il good Grabbing place the crabs
seem 10 10 very scarce this year, as in
the case of the recent shad season.
Many persons have been Grabbing
from the wltarVcs. returning with fish
erInen's luck. The government piers
are the fuvorite places for fishing
Yesterday Is believed to DO the hot
test OF the season in this city. Many
persons left In the morning on the ex.
onrsion boats ami found 1t equally hot
at the beaches.
Mr.. ana Mrs c. C. WhltnacS have
returned from visit down the State.
tsMrs. p. NJ. Sherwood, of Newark, Is
the guest OF John G.. King
Miss Laura Hermann, who has beer
visiting Miss Laura Truss. returned
to Philadelphia yesterday.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Tho trustees OF Goodman M. L.
Church met upon their new church
lot, Fourteeth and DUPONT streets last
evening. and agreed to get an archl-
tect to draw plans and Specifications
for o chapel on the rear end of the lot
40x6O feet, the cost to be about $4,000.
ture to be added to the chapel which,
including II, will make q church 60 by
80 feet with handsome yard In front
and at the side. The chapel Is all the
congregation want to build at the
present time.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

"A colored man employed on the
sioop Shoemaker fell overheard near
Fort Delaware yesterday afternoon
and before assistance could reach him
no sank from view beneath the water.
1t Is supposed the man received q sun
stroke, and in that condition fell over.
board. Coroner Sparks received word
this morning, but he thinks the case
Will he for the New Jersey authorities.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Contributions are being made by
quite number of our citizens to
enable Hyatt's Military Band to give
open air concerts in Eighth street and
other parks during the summer. All
who favor such entertainments should
hand to the committee q dollar, and
thus show, by their work, that they
are sincere III their professions. Ali
who enjoy the music should contribute
to pay the piper.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Tho Chester News says; The first
peaches from the James W. Ponder
farms in Delaware reached Chester
yesterday from Milton, and were Gag
erly bought by the retail dealers They
rlre tho finest peaches yet received.
Ex-Governor Ponder has five Of the
largest fruit farms Oh the Peninsula
and the products are considered
among the best shipped to the north.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Mrs. Joseph Mckinley, who has ke ut
a boarding house at No. 6i8 kim
street, for some years, left rather hut.
rledly yesterday for parts unknown,
She gathered together all her silver.
ware and clothes. and other household
effects TINT she could conveniently
carry, and shook the dust OF Whining.
ton from her shoe latchets. She leaves
The buarders were not apprlsad ri
her taking off until time to get thar
evening meal, when they were inform.
ed OF their late boarding mistress
absence.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

This morning could certainly be
called excursion cay, as there were
six from this city.
There was very large one to Allan.
tic City, one to Niagara Falls. another
to Rehoboth and Ocean City Md,
while tho German Lutheran conRrega-
tlon went TO buckingham Park. The
Church went TO Lincoln Park, and the
Old Eel owe, 10 Cape May on the
steamer Republic. Eich OF these ex
'cursions was well attended, and the
one TO Atlantic City was among the
largest Of tho season.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

This morning wagon belonging to
the Charles Warner Company, loaded
with Ice. stuck in tue street car track
on French street Just above Front.
The mules attached to the wagon were
unable to pull it out, and anoth or
horse had TO be procured. The wheel
was badly bent. and at first 1t was
thought the axle was broken, but
after the horse was attached the team
moved oil all right.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
Rodney Street SD nday school.

The Rodney Street Sunday school
Will make an excursion to Augustine
Pief tomorrow, (Fulay) morning.
lie boat will leave Ming street wharf
ut o'clock, sharp.
Thu members of tile Sunday sehoo'
ire requested to meet at The church nj
. clock. II the weather should pro ys
anfaV0rable, the @ cuisiou will be
postponed.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
Work at Rernington's

Tho Remington Mainline Company
is completing contract for II triple
compound l90 horse power engines fol
the General Electric { ompany of New
York. 1t has Just completed a ma.
chine capable of making 100, 900 pnper
lags per day; also plant for George.
town, Del, capable Of manufacturing
10 tons OF ice daily. Recently it ship,
ped siX'tons reffigcrhtlnR plant to q
wholesale meat dealer In Hartford,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Mrs. Katherine II. Biddle, wife OF
Samuel Biddle, the Junior member OF
the firm OF Bailey, Banks q Biddle of
Philadelphia, died suddenly Tuesday
morning last. at the resi- dence OF her
mother at Seoane, Delaware county.
Mrs. Biddle was on visit to her
mother, and up till Monday had been
In perfect health, when she was sud
denly stricken by heart troubles. She
was the daughter Of the late Jacob l..
Harmed. The body has been removed
to Philadelphia, and the funeral, which
Is to be private, will take place from
her late residence, 1929 Arch street, on
Friday morning.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

This was one OF the most exhaust.
Ing and oppressive days of tho season.
AT o'clock this morning the Their.
mometer stood at "A degrees, which il
the highest it has been at that hour
this summer. The rainfall caused
considerable humidity in the atmos
phere, and consequently everybody
suffered considerably,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

The picnic OF the Harrison street NJ
Z. Sunday school, which was 10 nav,
been held to-day in Tatnalrs woods OF
the north side OF the l1randywine, was
postponed on account of rain until 10
morrow, Friday, July 18th. All pre-
Vious arrangemenls Will be Carl let
out. The hacks will leaYe the chapel
ith and harrison streets, at O'CLOCK
tomorrow morning, il the weather 1,
favorable.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Robert Merrlck visited our city this
N orning for the purpose of arranging
fer o sole Of cows at Adams' Station
Christlaha hundred, on Monday. the
first Of August. The farmers will be
through with their harvest by that
time, and should take the opportunity
presented to purchase fresh COVE, as
the price Of all kinds Of stock Is gradu
ally advancing.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

JAS. L. MuLL1N & Son,
Tailors, 9th and Market,
Clothiers, Wilmington.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Is it not worth the small price OF 75C
to free yourself of every symptom Of
those distressing oomplalnts2 II YOU
think SO call at our store and get a
bottle of Shiloh's Vitalizer, every bot
tie has printed guarantee ON it. Ust
accoTdinglyan and il 1t does you no goot
1t will cost you nothing. N. b. Da n.
forth, Wholesale and retail agent, I'd
and Market streets,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

John Kelley, the ilremanI who re
sides at Third and West streets, ant
was burnt 50 badly Ivy the explosion
u thc gasoline at the lire, corner oil
Front ana Market streets, on Satur
DAY lust, was out " his mind last
evening, ana suffered grent agony. j
is hardly expected thtlt he will recoye,
from the effects OF lie burns,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Tomorrow, Encampment No. 50.
, Union Veteran Legion, will have a
grand excursion to Cape May on the
palace steamer Republic, which from
present Indications will be we'll at
tonded. Over two hundred tickets
have already been sold, and all who
attend are assured OF IA pleasant day,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
EDITION.


a large rin-Piata Factory Co be Start
% Ia Wiianineton--The Output TO be
fo.oou Boxes Annually.
Wilmington Is TO have tln-plate
mnnufnctory, and IL IL to turn out 49,
oQQ boxes annually. II is to start up
about the first OF September. The
works ore to take In tho Mccullough
Iron Comrany's plant on the p, W. ~
street.
In addition to the old works the
firm is now putting up new building
Sox90 feet Workmen are now busy
putting In the rolls. MIR. Harvey. of
the firm Of the Mccullough Iron Com
pany, has spent several weeks In trav-
ciilng through the Black Hills OF the
Western States, visiting the Temascel
mines In California, and the most OF
the tin plate manufactures OF the
country, IN search OF all the informa-
uqn that could be gathered In regard
70 the Industry.
His rasenrches have given the Arm
Tho greatest announcements and every
thing possible Is being done to etart
Mp tho works at an early date.
The intention OF the company IL TO
make the black tin-plates at their vii.
mlngton mills and then ship them TO
philadelphia, where they will be timed
~ mills owned there by tho same COM
Iany. The tlu-plntes aro to DO made
entirely OF American material and by
American workmen-that Is, no labor
will be imported for the work.
II enough American pig-tin cannot
Be secured in this country they will
use Imported tin from Australia the
country that supplies tin manufactor-
tes OF England and Wales with their
Fin Aa foralQn Lilo tin Ia ndmittad
free of duty it will come possibly
cheaper to the manufacturer than the
American plg-tin. The output OF
$1,000 boxes annually will represent
receipts TO the amount OF about $780,
900.
The new industry will furnish EN-.
ployment to largo number of hands,
and the Mccullough Iron Company Is
TO be congratulated upon Its enter
prise, which 1t is hoped will result suc-
cessfully for the firm.
MoKE AMERICAN TIN.
John r. Bringhurst, proprietor OF
the Marshaliton Iron Company, is not
exactly making American tin but he Is
making white sheet plate that comes
very near TO tin plate. Tho output OF
two sets OF rolls engaged In this work
b about 14,000 boxes annually.
II Ia not improbable that Mr.. Bring
hurst may In the nearfuture gradually
slide into the real tin-plato manufac-
turing business.
The moral Certainty that even
should the Democrats elect Cleveland
and free-trade House of Representa-
tves. they cannot change the political
complexion of the Senate, is an induce
ment for manufacturers and capital.
ATS 10 engage in the tin industry.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

There are many men whose famil.
les will 20 away from town during
the hot weather, who wish to fad a
place where they can be accommodate
ted with all the comforts OF home. All
such can find model place at tho
Delaware House on Market street
above Fifth, where meals are served
In u homellke manner at reasonable
rates,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

The National Morocco Association
will hold its annual meeting at Long
Branch to-day. j. Parke Postles, OF
this city, president Of the association.
will preside.
The Wilmington firms will nearly
all be represented The yearly officers
OF the association will DO made to-day.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Anumber of workmen are employed
In digging at Eighth and Poplar
streets, for the purpose of tapping the
sewer. During the heavy rainfall this
morning the water poured into the ex.
caYatlon In torrents, and the chances
are that unless the sides are we'll
shored there will be cave in
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Sarah, widow of tho late John Mer,
flick, and daughter OF tho late Rebecca
Stevens, who resided at Second and
Walnut streets, died this morning, in
her 10Th year Shs will be buried
from her late residence, No. 400 East
Fourth street, on Saturday, the 10th
instant, at o'clock, In Tire Wilmington
and BrandyNine Cemetery.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

The Wilmington Telephone exchange
employees some seventeen YOUNG
iodies ana ope or two young men tc
look AFTER the hello, hellos, that are
constantly coming In over the wires
Every person wants ! Us hello attend
ed 70 iirst. 1t IL almost as bad as ad
vertising in newspaper, every on,
wants first, top of column.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Coroner Sparks received word about
dinner time to-day that an Italiss. mad
fell down hay tunnel on .oJe OF tile
DUPONT farms, and broke his neck.
At tho time OF going to press the Cord.
ner went out TO view the body and
had not returned to his office at the
time stated.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
.Y.ClOtling House
wILMiNoToN. Thursday. July IA, 1902.
City Council.

City Council.
Naomi Lodge. A. G. L. ..."..""
Eden Lodge, l. q. OF.
Asylum Lodge I. o. o. +.
Star Loan Association. .
Warwick Castle. X. g. Il.
Koukuk Tribe. |. o. Il. NJ.
Alpha Council. j.. OF H. Q.
Liberty Lodge. A. o. IF. ...s
U. s. Grant Post, G. A. II.
Wawasot Tribe. I. o. II. NJ.
Jefferson Lodge, I. y. o. +. ....
Fame Castle. A. o. X. NJ. @.
General T. A. Smyth Circle.
st. Johns Commaudery X. T.
Ladies Aid OF Post . @. A. II. """
Ladies' Aid of Post 4. g. a. II.
Admiral Dupont Post, G. A. X.
Wilmington Lodge. A. o. U. w.
Brandywine Conclnve. s. W. NJ.
Wilmington Lodge. Order of Tontl.
Lady Washington Council. D. of L.
Clayton Lodge Knights OF Pythias.
Washington Loise, A. f. aud A, NJ.
Lady Washington Home Communion.
Mt. Calvary Hncampmcnt K.ot ST.. & NJ
Gen'l. Jno. A. Logan Costlc. A, o. X. NJ. c
Society of St. Vincent dc Paul, ST. Mary y
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

9240 pounds OF clean coal OF the best
quality to make a full ton for summer
or winter use, at Steward d Chambers,
Fourth and King. Price, $685.. Phone,
ITO or 40S, Try it.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

: III 'lIWIIlI9 NFIeFWUIb IINtT IIIIa n
guaranteed remedy OF great excellence
fer liver kidney and stomach diseuse9
TO remove tired feelings and purifying
the blood. - cents a box. Family
boxes 81. Sold By druggists who ara
our agents. OlI!eo Isg Market street,
priyatg door
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

South Chester wants her police
force, now consisting Of five able.
bodied men, cut down To two, SO as
to save money. The people up that
way are not like our Wilmington OFF.
cials, who want more of thein.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Tho Delaware State Firemen's Asso.
citation will make an excursion this
evening on the steamer'L Long Branchp
TO Augustine Pier. A pleasant time
Is expected.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

A few drops of FRAGRANT Tn1-PHosA
In baby's bath makes the water de-
llghtfull y soft and cleansing; unlike
ammonia perfectly harmless, once
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Thousands Of tho celebrated Citv
Market and Form Glen cigars, manu-
factured by II. +. Bourbon 4 Bro, 1 d.
Second street. &c. Try one.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Tho most popular one dollar ono
day excursion. Don't forget the date,
July nth. Special train leaves Penn.
Isylyania II. r., station In Wilmington.
S.45 q. IN, Grand sail down the bay,
All amusements on the beach.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Strictly all wool trousers to measure
100, reduced from 81, So. Suits TO
measure, Si2, reduced from Sis. and
20, Call and examine these goods,
Liverpool and London Tailors, 53l
Market street.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
MARRIED

the residence of Mr.
vi. l,ank. In Christlaua Hundred, or
Thursday evening, July nth, in the pro
ssence OF few immediate friends. b,
Miss Phebe A. sapp daughter OF Mrs
W. j. Lank.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

tomorrow promises to be from
cloudy to clearing, preceded by local
showers, with stationary tenn pera ure,
saturday fair and rather warmer,
state of Thermometer ..-
shade: " '
NO CLOCK; IL o'clock; 2o'cloc K
81 90 90
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Several fine custom made pants, Gun.
called for) We will sell for less than
cost of material. l.. and L. Tuilols
l52l Market street.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Removed, so go TO No. 49e Market
street for In. Simms' White PulmoniC
Balslm and other medicines, aud j
to Fourth and King streets. Elegant
private Office for consultation Sold
by druggists.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Tho NJ. f. Club will have a lawn par.
ty at Elsmere, tomorrow, and also on
Saturday, which should be we'll at
tended.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

Received three times day, fresh from
hrst class diaries at Porters TIN and
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14

N. r. Davis. ieweler. No. e. ed St
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1892-07-14
FIFTH EDITION.


Lnsest From Homestead.
Special for tho Republican.
PrTrsBuRoH, PA.-rt is reported that
40 non-union men will be taken on at
the Homestead mills to-day.
Tho military are present and there
is no apprehension OF violence on the
part Of the strikers.