davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

triumph Of everlasting law, so intricate
and subtle product of contradictory
forces.
To search little into its genesis, to
follow humbly and reverently the steps
which have led to this present height is
now our object
Well knowing that no form in the
universe exists without cause; that
every limit in size and shape, every curve
and line and angle of organic nature
shows the pressure of life from within
shaped by resistance from without, one
wonders, with respectful scientific
wonder, what power and what resistance
combined to form the strange, unearthly
.hape portrayed in Fig. 1.
1t is like nothing in heaven or earth,
this dummy, Or the waters under the
earth. 1t is no more like woman's
body than this is like horse:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

New Series
OF THE
HI. VICHMAN
" atCh
Clubs !

50 MANY OF MY OLD
AA Club members have asked
to join other Clubs, that |
shall continue to run Watch Clubs
in connection with my regular bust
ness until everyone is supplied
with a good Watch.
In a few weeks more, the last
number in my first Clubs will have
drawn, closing q most successful
season of popular Watch Club
Drawings.
The total membership, in all nine
clubs, was nearly six hundred
scattered over the different
islands, larger number than L
ever anticipated having.
The NEW SERIES will be con-
Quoted on precisely the same plan,
and 1 again shall allow members
not desiring Watches, to take such
goods as they may select from my
stock.
Club No. s began drawing two
weeks ago. There are several
places open yet, and all those
desiring to join will find it tC
their advantage to do so now.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26
low. presto! you SHAH rorget there ever

low: presto! you SHAH forget there ever
were such.
And we have forgotten. Who could
ever imagine that there were legs to
run with, arms to cling with, breast for
babes and lap for love to nestle in-that
fair and mystic crown of our humanity
daughter, sister, mother, wife-in the
dummy?
CHARLOTTE PERKINS STETsnN
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

ana 1Js three most prominent FEATURES
we may name the waist, the bust and
the hustle
The waist we have touched upon
under the attribute of slenderness, but
the bust and the hustle need special
mention All these are closely inter
related when we come to cause.
The bust is a conventional outline,
bearing a certain curvilinear proportion
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

cheerfully adapted herself to this con-
dition, and the live dummies never think
OF moving their bodies-the body and the
dummy have become one, in their minds
at least.
Next in order of Importance comes
the shape.
This changes in some degree with the
changing years. 1t may be long in pro-
portion or short, it may be fiat relatively
or it may be round, it may be curved
marginally or it may be pointed; but
one thing it always must be--slender.
And here ensues q most pathetic
struggle, the long, noble, persevering
struggle of the dummy with the crude
human form.
After the smooth immobilitv and the
slenderness come certain relative curves
and proportions, which have to vary
somewhat with the individual, some
proving extremely refractory in this,
and which also vary somewhat with the
course of time.
But speaking broadly and elastically,
the form is like that shown in Fig. 3.
This Is what is called "the figure"
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

by which general term it now covers all
artificial fullness below the waist,
whether low or high, at the back or
sides, is another variously modulated
protuberance less fixed in proportion
or position than the bust and far more
bewildering in effect.
But it may be supposed to exist
mainly as an important addition to the
skirt, both combining to convince the
beholder that the dummy has no legs.
BY ''skirt" do not in any way refer
to the robe or gown, however long, but
to that separate field of cloth extend
ing from the waist to the feet, every
inch of which is q constant protest
against legs. 1t denies them point blank
by its shape, it obstructs them contin7
ually by its size, it forever Injuries their
usefulness by its weight and pressure,
it outrages and insults them by its COM
position and decoration. In all these
attacks the hustle is powerful assist
ant. Certain atrocities of skirt indeed
could never be perpetrated without the
hustle.
Let me mention in this connection a
strange myth about these two, namely
that the hustle ightens the weight of
the skirt! How carrying two things can
make one thing lighter is mystery the
maintenance of which shows the power
of the dummy over the mind.
The skirt is not in one sense a part of
the dummy, and yet it is so essential an
appendage that no dummy could long
aviot without II Tho anomaly &c iO1aad
seen on the stage and in the circus ring,
but even so has failed to command gen.
eral imitation.
Base and trucking as is the popular
eve. the constant presentation Of the hui
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26
Iuttion 5ales.
BY JAS. J.. MORGAN.
Mortgages Notice Of Sale

TN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
i provisions of certain mortgage dated
December 10Th, A. ID. 1889, made by
HANNAH n. EVANS and T. E.
EVANS her husband of Wailuku, ISL
and Of Maui, to Alexander J. Cartwright
of Honolulu, Island of Oahu, recorded
in the office of the Registrar of Con-
veyances, in Liber 121 folios 141.3; notice
is hereby given that the said Alexander
J. Cartwright, Mortgage, intends to
foreclose the said mortgage for breach
of the conditions in said mortgage deed
contained, to-wit: the non-payment OF
the principal when due.
Notice is also hereby given that all
and singular the lands, tenements and
hereditaments in said mortgage contain
ed and described will be sold at Public
Auction at the auction room of Jas.
F. Morgan on Queen Street, in said Ho-
nolulu, on MONDAY, the 23d day of
May, A. D. 1892, at II O'Clock noon of
said day.
The property in said mortgage is thus
described, viz:
First. All that certain piece or par
eel of land situate at said Lahaina in said
Island of Maui, containing an area OF 2
acres, roods and rods and being the
same premises described in Royal Patent
No. 2475 L. G. Award No. 3474 to
Haniau
Second. All those certain pieces or
parcels of land situate in Waiakoa, Kula,
in said Island of Maui, containing an
area of 100 acres and being 1.-THE same
premises described in Royal Patent No.
1912 to Kaniau.
Third. All those two certain pieces or
parcels of land situate at Waiahole, Koo-
laupoko, in said Island of Oahu contain
ing an area of 81 30-100 acres and being
the same premises described in Royal
Patent No. 3701, L. G.. Award No. 1908
to Kaniau.
All the above mentioned and des-
cribed premises being the same that
were conveyed to said Hannah N. Evans
under the name of Hama Nawahine okalai
by Mahelona Kaniau by deed dated the
18th of March, 1874, and recorded in
Liber 80 on folios 131 and 1872.
ALEX ANDER J. CARTWRIGHT,
Mortgage.
10 For further particulars apply to
J. NJ MoNsARRAT, attorney for mort
agee.
Dated Honolulu, April Goth, 1892.
E The above sale has been post
poned until MONDAY, May 80, 1892,
at II o'clock noon.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26
PA TENT RAPID
WATER FILTERS.
SLACK & BROwNLOw,
Established 60 years.

These are not simply strain
ers to remove mud and dirt, but
are constructed on the most ap-
proved sanitary principles.
The CARBON is most powerful,
removing EVERY TRACE OF LEAD,
all organic matter, and the mi
crobes and bacteria so frequently
the cause of zymotic disease.
~For sale by
PACIFIC HARDWARE CO., In.
Cummins New Building,
Fort STREET.
1881 6F3o
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

to the waist, OF
uniform horizon
tai dimensions,
and melting i'm
perceptibly into
t h Q gener a ]
curves Of 1T h e
figure. 1t serves
to indicate by a
initial
protu b erance
some faint, dis
tant and conven-
tionalized idea
of the form be-
meath, and so TO
distract the mind
from the beauti-
full body of wo-
M I'LL
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

The best spring medicine is a dose or two
of St. Patrick's Pills. They not only physic
but cleanse the whole system and purify the
blood. For sale by All Dealers,
BENSON SMITH Il Co,
Agents for H. l.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26
PAINTER /!

IF YOU WANT A FIRST-CLASS JOB
Il of Painting of any description done
call on the practical Painter, ]. l..
MEYER only. $50 Fort st. P o
Box 3s7. Mutt. Tel. 662. 2S23-1y
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

man body below
and the inhuman
du my above
would be as
suredly resented.
Moreover the
dummy, in its I'M
ceasing struggle
with the body,
h as materially
affected the legs
as well as the
other parts.
They have long
since ceased to be
the swift, agile,
muscular, self
respecting, me-
chanical imple-
ments they once
were-harmoni-
Gus, beautiful,
strong-and have
me over
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

dummy, for its
shape does vary
ii little from year
20 year, is its
smooth immobil-
iry. In this it
partakes of the
nature of q cara
pace or shell,
holding the body
rs u turtles body
Is held, i'll solid
walls.
The creature
inside can move
its neck and arms
and legs, though
even these are
greatly modified
III size and shape
by the central
pressure and
marginal restric-
tiCnS: bat it can
only move its
body all at once,
like the soup rep
tile above men
toned. Nature
has long since
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

in its full perfec-
ton by the dress
makers revolv-
ing dummy, and
followed in vary
ing degrees of
perfection by the
Dire s IN a k g RS
prom e N din g
dummy, t h a t
strikes awe and
admiration to the
heart of the
thoughtful be-
holder.
Awe, because
it is so wonder
full, unaccount-
able, incomprN
hensible! A d.
miration, be-
cause it is such a
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26
What they say:

" Having used the Edison Monograph
for the past three years we can cheerful
ly recommend it as a most perfect device
for duplicating purposes. 1t is in daily
use in our drawing Office duplicating
plans, specifications, sketche and cir
culars. We find it convenient, clean,
efficient and one of the most indispensa-
BILE appliances in our Office.
Honolulu IRON WORKS Co."
Honolulu Posi- OFFICE.
"The Edison Monograph we pur-
chased of you is splendid success. 1t
is q great economizer of time. We
would not like TO be without one.
WALTER HILL"
q have employed the Edison Mimeo-
graph for duplicating Music, Program
mes, etc. during the last six years. 1t lisa
perfect process. l know of no other
that can copy music so satisfactorily as
the Monograph. Never had any diff
ficulty to operate it.
WRAY TAYLOR,
Organist st. Andrews Cathedral"
E~ Call and see the machine.
HOBRON, NEWMAN & CO.,
2824-y Agents.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

1t is not like any kind of body, this
dummy, for all live bodies are the visi-
BILE sum Of multitudes of perfectly
adapted interplaying muscles and sup
porting bones.
And yet it has certain charm of its
own, this dummy, fixed proportion of
Hogarth's lines of beauty, appealing to
the eye with the same satisfaction given
by a we'll turned baluster, a substantial
vase.
That is to say the true type does-the
revolving dummy; but when applied to
4 conjectural human body underneath,
the result is not so happy, and the fixed
proportion of lines of beauty suffers in
its deadly conflict with the lines of ac-
ton and structural necessities of the
creature inside.
Those who most affect it, however,
having no object in life to interfere with
this ambition and consistently avoiding
all motions and positions incompatible
With q dummy, achieve measurable
triumph, losing all semblance of their
faulty human shape and becoming al
most perfect.
But among the masses of humanity
the struggle is unequal. The cruel needs
of life call for more or less normal exer-
ton, and as the bones and muscles OF
the creature become stronger and the
bones and stitches Of the dummy weaker,
owing to q necessary cheapness and
homemade futil-ty, the result is wholly
unsatisfactory to look at and highly un.
pleasant to feel
Let us first study little the distinc-
tive features of the durnmy-its main
points of antagonism to the natural
body, its mysterious and lasting charm
and then cast brief glance into its
laws and causes.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

your system will be kept
free from the microbes and
bicrobes that lurk in the
water you drink.
They are made of
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26
A NATTER OF FIGURE
THE DRESsMAKeR'S DUMMY Is FEAR
FULLY AND WONDERFULLY MADE.

The Animated Dummy Is Likewise a
Development of Fashionable Forms of
Dress-Interesting, IL Not Convincing.
copyright, 1892, by American Press Associa-
toni
There is something about the modern
figure" the female Figure" as given
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26

CHARLOTTE PERKINS STETsnN
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1892-05-26
Grneral Aopertisements.
"KA MAILE,'
IN THE McINERNY BUILDING. FORT ST.,

Is open now and offers an un-
excelled Stock of Fancy Goods.
We make a speciality of
Stamping Patterns and
are now ready to take orders
In that line. A brand new
stock of Silk Embroideries,
Art Linens, Tassels, Fringes,
Draperies and other artistic
goods are offered to the ladies
of Honolulu.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11

Sba betcheled the fax and carded the
WOOL and wove the linen, and spun the TOW,
and made the clothes for her husband ana
FEN children. She made butter and cneese,
She dipped tallow candles, to light the mouse
of night. and she cooked all the food Tor ner
household by an open fire place and prlcK
oven Yes: and when she was forty years OF
ace she was already an old lady whose bes5
DAYS were over. Her shoulders were bent ana
her Joints enlarged by hard work, ana she
wore spectacles and a cap.
Her great granddaughter, with al tne
modern conveniences for comfort, refinement
and luxury. may be as charming and attract
i've at forty-five as at twenty. Especially Is
this true if she preserves her health by tne
nee Of DR.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription,
which wards off all female ailments and lr-
regularities. cures them if they already exist,
keeps the life current healthful and vigorous,
and enables the woman of middle age to re,
tain the freshness Of girlhood upon brow ana
check, the light of youth in her eyes, ana
its elasticity in her step.
Go to your drug store, pay dollar, get
bottle and try it-try second, third IL nee
essary. Before the third ones been taken
you'll know that there's remedy to help you.
Then you'll keep on and a curen come. -,
But if you shouldn't feel the help, should
be disappointed in the results you'll lind
q guarantee printed on the bottle-wrapper
that1l get your money back for you.
Can you ask more'
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11
GOLDEN SPECIFIC Co.,
1876 Race St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Senator Daniel, last summer, paid Au.

Senator Daniel, last summer, paid Au-
gusts county the special compliment Of ad-
dressing her people in the courthouse. A
part of his message to them on that occasion
was a criticism of the methods of Grover
Cleveland's administration. Later he is
sued manifesto in behalf of Senator
D. B. Hill, of New York The Democrats
of Augusta returned their answer to the
Senator last Saturday Here it is:
Grover Cleveland.
d. B. Hill ................... 0
l.StGunton VindicdtOr
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11

We don't know that West Virginia will
send her most beautiful young lady to the
Worlds Fair, as the Old Dominion propOs-
es to do by the selection of Miss Lallah
Harrison, yet we are constrained to remark
that if such course is completed Weston
will surely furnish the fair damsel.- Wetsel
Democrat
We reckon not, unless CharlesTown is
unaccountably overlooked.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11
Garter House Reopened.
GEORGE s. WATSON, Proprietor.

THE CARTER HOUSE has recently under
i gone a thorough renovation-newly paint
ed. papered and furnished, and on Monday,
May 10Th, was reopened for the accommoda-
ton of the public. Transient or Permanent
Guests are assured that the best provision will
be made for their comfort in every PARTICULAR.
The House shall be q model of neatness and
cleanliness, and the table will be abundantly
and richly supplied. Attentive and courteous
servants, only, will be retained, and the pro-
prietor will not only give general supervision,
but close attention to details, so that the guests
of the House shall have no room for complaint,
but have complete satisfaction guaranteed
them.
May u, 1890.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11

The Sherman and Foraker factions of the
Republican party in Ohio have had their
differences patched up temporarily, and the
delegation to the national convention will
be a mixed one. The delegates at-large Sc
lected by the State convention last week are
Mckinley, Foraker, Hahn, Sherman's lieu
tenant; and Bushnell, an ardent supporter
or Foraker.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11
.NORTHBOUND-

No. for Roanoke, Radford, Pulaski, Bristol
Knoxville, Chattanooga and the Soulh-aiS
for Blueheld, Pocahontas. Elkhorn and az
points on the Clinch Valley Diyision-alsoi9 i
Louisville and Cincinnati and all points on L.
4 N. X. X. win Norton.
Pullman sleepers to New Orleans and Mem
phis via Bristol, also Pullman sleeper koano"
TO Louisville via Norton.
No. for Roanoke. Radford, Pulaski, Bnso
and Chattanooga-co at Radiofa w
Bluefell and Pocahontas. Pullman sleepG~
Memphis via Bristol.
No. q for shanendoah and intsrmediiH
stations. No connection beyond.
No. for Washington (via shenan6@l
Junction., Hagerstown, Harrisburg and ,"
York.
Pullman Sleeper to waslington-sl'' 70
Philadelphia and New York.
No. for Hagerstown, Harrisburg, Phaas.
phia and New York. Pullman sleeIe'
New York.
No - for Washington (via sheninSxo1
Junction), Hagerstown, Harrisburg ana y"
York.
North Carolina Division-leaye Pulaski ", \,
a. m. daily for Ivanhoe and and l.SO p n y.
" for Ivanhoe and Gossan and at slO l. D.
Except Sunday for Betty Baker
For tickets, time cards and all inlorma''D
call on agent Norfolk & Western X X.
w.B. BEvILL,
Gen. Pass. Agt., Roanoke Va
Dec. 8, 1891.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11
now offer my services again as
Architect and Builder,
Contractor or SUPERINTENDENT

for all classes Of building and Repair work
neatly and promptly done. Plans and speech
cation and estimates furnished upon appHca-
ton. Nv ann shall be % give you work equal
40 the best boz the United States IN material
and workmanship. / defy amy city mechanic
10 beat it Don workmanship or IN time oil COM
pletiOn
Nv past experen>e in the erection OF the
following large buildings attest my ability rs
n Builder and Contractor: Oakland Hotel, Is.
40 Lurav Inn. s V x. a.. Roanoke Hotel
and Union Passenger Station, Roanoke, Va
and all the stations on the Shenandoah Nauel
n X and the handsome station for the Nor
folk and Western Il. X. at Norfolk, Green no
tel at Hurper'S Ferry H.Tris"nourE Court
House. Rockingham county, Va, the IS. " "
stations at CharlestOwn ard Grafton and other
uoints of the road an were done under my SUI
pervisiou-as well AS numerous buildings erect
"a here plans and specifications oi which fhr-
nish 20 the satisfaction of all parties. 10 II
Won want first-ca>s building according 70
modern style of architecture with the pest
seasoned material and frst-cla>S work, WIN
interior finish ceilings or side walls III any ue-
sion i'm soft or hard wood, ! can do II at less
cost and shorter time than any city builder can
do it for YOU. So whatever class Oh WORK you
want done iu rough or line or extra me, shali
have the same care-Shuil be done 20 your en-
tire satisfaction But bear In mind that Will
give You frs--class material free OF any detects,
with frst-class w0rkmen who understand their
work. at a moderate cost and as low as 1t can
be done anywhere Ny motto shall be to give
satisfaction TO all who employ me, whatever
grade of work YOU want, prices Will be an eNl-
deuce Old buildings will be altered TO any
modern design of architecture you may desire,
50 if Won purpose 10 build or make alterations
OF repairs and YOU want it done IN workman
like manner. give me q call and you will save
money. My past experience Of "A years as a
| builder and my experience OF four years ana
/ four DAYS as the General Superintendent OF Re
pairs of Public buildings, will give you the
guarantee Of having it done first class IN every
| respect I'm the most approved style OF modern
architecture. ..>,.,,,,,
May 80, 1859. JULIUS Z. hOLMho'
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11
Roanoke Brokerage 3 SfOr-
age Company.
F.B.LUDwIG. General Manager.

= b LTDWIG. General Manager.
We do a General Brokerage Business, and
Handle Provisions. Grain Feed &c Car Load
Lot q Specially.
BROKERAGE. STORAGE,
Forty Thousand Square Feet Of Floor Space
All Kinds Of Goods Stored for q Min
imum Charge.
Store house and Warerooms n. e W. Rail
road and Front Street. Roanoke, Va.
COMMISSION MERCHANDISE
Refer by permission 90 Commercial National
Bank Roanoke Va.
Feb. H. lS92-0m.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11
WESTWARD.

WESTWARD.
Train 4lS connects at Harper's Perry viii
Limited Express. arriving at Pittsburg 500
m, Columbus $50 and Chicago Ills r,rt
morning.
Train No. 4ls connects at Harper, P,r-
with Limited Express, arriving at Cincinnati
7.54 next morning, Louisville ll.55 noon sri
st. Louis 6.25 p. IN.
Train No. 4l6 connects at Harper's P.rr
with Pittsburg and Chicago Express, srrivin,
at Connellsville 4.15 and Pittsburg 60 n,r
morning, Columbus 1.so p. M. and Chis,,
$50 p. m.
EXCURSION TICKETS viii be sold to pv
ties of ten or more between all ticket station,
on the Valley Division-Good for two day.
For tickets and further information sppJe
b. Il O. Agents or to B. f. Bond, Pass Agent
Baltimore, c. 4. Dudrow, Travelling Pasenrr
Agent, Winchester, Va.
Pullman Palace SleepingCars are run through
to Cincinnati. st. Louis, Chicago and Pitibur
on all express trains.
J. t. 0DELL, Gen'l MangT
CHAS. o. sCULL, Gen'l Passenger Agcut
Dec. 2. 1891.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11
Drunkenness, or the Liquor Habit, Pos
ttiUeIy Cured by administering
Dr.. HafneS' Golden Specific.

1t is manufactured as powder, which
can be given in a glass of beer, cup of
coffee or tea, or in food, without the knowl-
edge of the patient 1t is absolutely harm
less, and will effect permanent and speedy
cure, whether the patient is moderate
drinker or an alcoholic wreck. 1t has been
given in thousands of cases, and in every
instance a perfect cure has followed 1t
never Fails. The system once impregnated
with the Specific it becomes an utter impos-
siblity for the liquor appetite to exist
Cures guaranteed As page book of partic-
uars free. Address
GOLDEN SPECIFIC Co.,
toE D.oo O. N;oo;nuot; Ob;o
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1892-05-11

Senator Faulkner has been appointed to
serve on the Executive Committee of the
National Democratic Campaign Committee.