The Republican journal., 1892-07-07
Concerning Coffee.

FAXLNDAS. HOW THE BERRY IS
r1VATED AND PREPARED FOR MAR
LOADING SHIPS TO THE SOUND OF
rrARlC MUSIC. COMMERCIAL STA
mos WHY RAILWAYS IN BRAZIL
.. tNPRoFITABLE.
-aI correspondence of The journal.
.otNplNAs, BRAZIL, May 10. To in
.i5ate the whole business of coffee cul-
md commerce at its best, one must
., to this southern province of Brazil.
INV of san Paulo is the headquarters
... coffee trade, and from it four lines
.+Acav rum into the interior coffee
...fts. Champinas lies about eighty
nprth Of San Paulo, surrounded by
9n, famous fazendas, or plantations.
HE interior city has a population
Y e0 and is curiously situated in a
GLOW OF the plain, which makes it
., aut. unhealthy and uncomfortable
,- residence. From Champinas one
,c many interesting excursions TO
M4ug coffee estates, over country
beside which Michigan corduroNs
.e like lowny beds of case-on
a k or in "huck boards.
ugcSr fazendaS lie along the Rio
H.. but every year their region is
...c In every direction straight
.once trees are seen, along the
fir foot hills and some distance
.i sloping sides. 1t is the same
e. long the railway from Rio de Ja-
=, san Paulo, and from san Paul0 to
ifuas and away back into the infe-
Almost the only other product that
f. attention is the mandloc, the
i taud of the people, and which also
i ,l-, the tapioca of commerce: but
range shrub we must leave for a
j letter. Nothing can be more beau
-han a coffee grove, whether clad
liza rich, dark green, or ablaze with
u berlies. OF white with starry bios
They burst into full bloom stimuli
3o1.v in a single night hiding all the
4 sud making the whole plantation
4 ,a snow drift. filling the air with
u.p ike that of orange blossoms,
Il ne more powerful; but IN another
u t,ur hours both flowers and frag-
II hive passed away.
L -r is not a Shrub, as is generally
,rl but a tree. which if allowed to
trimmed, would attain twenty
II more in height; but which is gen
,out down to eight OF ten feet for
ncuce in picking. A grove can be
hv buying the berries OF from
lhe latter are preferable, placed
,iN feet apart; and those plants
.Ne been taken from the nursery,
miserable earth around their roots,
u fruit in two years, though THEN
!,
culatcd that thousand thrifty
M Aield a fair average OF ,, POO
i coffee per annum, but in some
sam Paulo province the yield is as
500 pounds. There are two and
three haIVest> in a year; and
tecu OF twenty ve3rS the old trees
ut down to give place to new
fully ripe the berry is about ths-
apt and color OF a common sour
Il rather large cranberry. The
n ac old way of preparing it for
@ill much used in Brazil. is as
When the berries have acquired
qood red, they are picked into
tlp negroes. twenty three pounds
i'd l,i.Iered fair day S work for one
II HE bags are then emptied on
VI ol or drying place, which is gen
level piece OF ground beaten
lowered with cement. After a
in the sun the outer skin be
A lack. hard and shrivelled: and
IS Mr berries are pounded i'll huge
uortars until the skins are brok~
n ut injuring the tough grains. BY
le skins and grains are separated,
after are again spread out i'll the
r a-il the pelliclc enveloping each
lN lis dust. Then they are again
s9 10 the mortars and the winnow-
4 alld are ready for sale OF imme-
~ assumption.
Al improved method now i'll vogue on
M 'dtIMtr estates. consists i'll drying
NaiN- picked grains on wooden trays
ments, by which they escape the
favor acquired when dried on the
loWd; and the outer and inner en-
~ are removed by passing then
y tNn mills. The main feature ol
mlll is q horizontal copper cylcn-
lose surface is roughened after the
'i lasp 1t revolves against I
II @tNeen which and the teeth spac,
the grains to pass, but not the
4 im grains drop into the water
'il to soak twelve hours, in whicl
~ II" pdrchment-like film that envel-
ASeed is softened. They are spreaC
+" "n trays in the sun, and whel
Il NF dry are passed through til,
II m.i, which resembles those uset
ing plaster, except that the two
foIilng discs are wood. six feet il
II Alid five inches thick, their ligh
M Grading the pellicles without in