Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1892-04-21
colon As A PROTECTION.
Tho Highland Clans Not the Only Things
Dressed for Ooneealment


Dressed for Concealment,
Where lichen-covered treo stems aro
common we find lichen-colored cater
pillars, moths and other insects A
pretty moth (Cleora glabrarial, not un-
common in the New Forest, Is white,
busted with black, and its larya, which
feeds upon lichens, is OF the same color.
Some years ago while collecting insects
in that locality found in the same
tufts Of lichen u small black and white
spider just as closely resembling the
lichens.
IL is supposed that these various color
resemblances have been brought about
by the need for concealment. A cater
pillar frequenting lichens or bird liv-
ing among leaves would be greatly adj
vantaged by color resemblance to
their several surroundings; hence varia-
tions in the required direction have es-
capped destruction, and there has been
through long ages gradual perfecting
of the resemblances- This Is the most
generally received explanation. 1t ac-
counts also for the coloration of animals
like the spider, TO which have referred,
which do not so much need protection
from their enemies as a disguise with
the help of which they can steal upon
their prey.
We must, however, guard against
taking generalities for granted without
careful examination of the several
cases. Many years ago Messrs, Kirby
and Spence called attention to the re-
semblance between lichen-feeding In
sects and their food; "Many of the mot
tied moths, W hich take their station of
diurnal repose ON the north side of the
trunks of trees, are with difficulty dis
tinguished from the gray and green
lichens that cover them. OF this kind
are Miselia aprilina and Acronyeta
psi. The caterpillara of Bryophila
algae, when it feeds on the yell
low Lich juniperinus, is always
yellow; but when upon the gray
Lichen saxatilis, its hue becomes gray.
This change is probably produced by
the color of its food" The last SEN
tence contains most noteworthy sug-
gestion which may help us in explain
ing many similar ca ses of coloration in
a much simpler way than by natural
selection or natural elimination. 1t is
well known tina the pigments which
are often the eau Sc of the colors in ami
mails and always, except in the case of
white, of plants, are extremely resist
ant to chemical action Some OF these
pigments will pass unscathed through
the strongest acids and the most power
full alkalis 1t is quite conceivable,
then, that they will be equally unaf
fected by the che mical action of an ami
mails digestive juices.
There is, however, no need at all for
theory upon this point; it has been
shown TO be the case in several in
stances. DR.. Eisig found in the Medi-
terranean species of worm living in
the interior of a sponge. The sponge |
was a brilliant yellow, the color being |
due to particles of peculiar pigment |
deposited in its tissues. The worm was
also yellow, and it might be supposed I
that this harmony had been brought |
about by the necessity for concealment. |
An inquisitive fish polxing its nose into
the interior of the sponge, in search of
the various small creatures which con-
stantly take up their lod gings in such
spot, would pass over the ''protectively |
colored" worm, and select one that was
obvious on account of its different
colors. 1t was found, however, that
the color of the worm was merely due
to particles of the coloring substance of
the host, which had passed out of the
of the worm into its skim
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