Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1892-11-23
ANNAPOLIS Nd WEDNESDAY EVENING. NOVEMBER ss lses
ARTIFICIAL GOLD.
HOW ALcHEMlsTS USED TO MAKE
1T IN THE oLDEN TIME.


II Brought 20 Most Of Them an Unhappy
FateIf One Failed to Garry Out aa
Extrayagant Promise He Lost HIS Lie.
An American Tarns a Trick.
1t has often been stated, and with
truth. that modern chemistry is indebted
for much of its knowledge to the rl-
chemists of old, whose experiments for
the purpose of making gold by artiiice
We're certainly extraordinary TO the ut
most point of ahsurdity. Some of them
actually attempted to imprison the sun 8
rays. which they tried to calcine and
powder, the rays being supposed to CON
sist of pure golden sparks. Others sought
to obtain the philosophers stone, which
was to transmute all other metals in,o
gold, from honey, sugar, wine, blood, and
even rainwater. Dead bodies We're drg
up from their graves, and saltpeter was
extracted from them to serve as am in
gredient. Still others believed that gold
grew from seed, other metals merely fur.
nishing a fruitful soil in which the ",
low germs developed like plants.
In a work now rare, called the His
tory of Ancient Pharmacy" it is meu-
toned that Raymond Nully was said to
have transformed $4,000 pounds of mey-
curry into gold for the English King Eth
ward III, and that from this supply of
the yellow metal the first rose mobiles
We're coined. The credibility of the
story is somewhat diminished, however.
by the circumstance that the same mon
arch was soon after obliged to coin
money from his own and the queen
crown, and from the golden vessels of
churches and cloisters. 1t is gravely re-
corded that the Emperor Frederic III, on
Jan. 15, 164S, at Prague, changed three
pounds of mercury into two and one
half pounds of gold by means of ore
grain of lead powder given TO him by
q man named Richthausen. He created
this man Baron of Chaos, and from tie
gold a medal was made which bore an
inscription referring to its artificial oli-
gin. This medal was long preserved n
the Vienna treasury.
In 1705 Saxon lieutenant named Pay
kull was taken prisoner by Charles XII
at Warsaw and condemned to death.
He promised to make 81 100000 worth
of gold each year if his life were spared.
In the presence of witnesses Paykull
changed six ounces of lead into gold by
means of tincture which contained
antimony, sulphur aud saltpeter among
other ingredients. Out of this gold
medals were stamped. But Paykull
must have failed in subsequent attempts.
because he was afterward executed. If
this goose had been able to lay real
golden eggs it is to be presumed that he
would not have met with so melancholy
fate.
The business of manufacturing gold
in those days seems to have been an ex-
tremely dangerous one, commonly
bringing persons who pursued it to a
violent death. George Honauer promised
to transform thirty six hundredweight of
iron into gold for the prince of Wurtenl-
berg. The prince detected boy, who had
been concealed in the laboratory, in the
act of putting gold in the crucible. He
thereupon ordered an iron gallows to be
constructed, from which the imprudent
fakir was hanged in 1897. Two other
goldmakers were likewise hanged from
this same gallows at Stuttgart in 1906
and 1888 respectively.
In 1877 q man named Krohnemann en-
tered the service Of the marquis of
Brandenburg with the rank of colonel.
He soon won reputation as a goldmaker
and was given charge of the mint and
mines. Subsequently he was suspected
of fraud, and on his trial it was proved
that he had stolen gold and silver from
the treasury of the margrave for use in
the deception. He was condemned tobe
hanged.
A quack named Daniel supplied Ital-
ian apothecaries with wonderful gold
powder called ''usufur," which was sup
posed to have astonishing medicinal
value. Pretending that the art of com
pounding this usufur with other drugs
was mystery known only to himself,
he directed his patients not to permit
the apothecaries to mix the ingredients
of his prescriptions, but to buy them,
including the usufur, and bring them to
him for putting together. He mixed the
drugs, omitting the usufur. in which
manner he succeeded in having restored
to him the gold powder, previously sold
by him at high price to the apothe-
carries. The powder soon became fa-
nous, and the quack finally offered to
teach Duke Cosmos II of Florence the
art of making gold. The duke paid
Daniel 10000 ducats for the secret, and
the swindler fed to France with the
money.
Count Cajetan in 1705, in the presence
of Frederick of Prussia. changed one
pound OF mercury into gold by means Of
red tincture. Subsequently he prom
ised to make 81, ,000, 900 worth of gold in
six weeks, but, failing to keep his word.
he was hanged, draped in gold leaf.
which became the customary method Of
dealing with alchemists The tribe of
alchemists is not yet entirely extinct.
In 1880 an American named Wise duped
a member of the Rohan family and a
collateral descendant of the necklace
cardinal. whom Cagliostro deceived by
pretending to make gold. Wise got a
considerable sum of money from Rohan
and decamped. Only few days ago
the writer picked ups little pamphlet
on booksta1l in New York which con-
tanned several pages Of advertisements
of q substance for transmitting other
metals into gold, the price being only
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