The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-08-16
FARM AND ORCHARD.
Fowl Diseases Which Aflict the
Stocks in Summer.
Storing the Fodder-Packin2 Raisins-
California Pears in EnGland-Al-
ways Good Advice-smoke-H
Carrots for stock-The Farmers
observation-disclosures Items.

Carden-NiiScellaneO Items.
Fowls that are in any degree neglected
during the hot weather are very sus-
ceptible to diseases. Those who have
commenced poultry raising as a business,
thinking there is great profit with little
work about it, discover during summer
that the hardest work comes in the hot
test weather. The several kinds of lice
that infest fowls, and the minute noe
turnal mite that plays on the fowls at
night, and at the first sight of daylight
returns to its hiding-places under the
ends of the roosts and in the creyices,
swarm in multitudes in summer, unless
every possible means TO eradicate and
keep them down is resorted TO. Nermin-
infested fowls, owing to the effect the hot
weather has on them and the beginning
OF the molten season, Will rapidly be-
come debilitated. Great care is necessary
TO see that the fowls have the sweetest
and cIeanest of foods in hot weather.
Melting is great strain on them, and
they need, even when they have the run
OF the farm, at least one good feed day
of sound grain. Wheat is best, as corn
is too heating. If the meal is mixed up
with cold water during the extreme bot
weather it is apt to foment in the crop
and cause bowel diseases, and much OF
the so-called poultry cholera lis nothing
else but the result of such feeding.
The droppings plainly indicate when
fowl has the true chicken cholera, as they
show SlimiSh, Watery green, ana the
fowls comb is nearly black or dull
purplish tinge, especially on the outer
edge-when first attacked. Fowls thus
affected should be isolated from the well
q a
Tablespoonful Of strong alum water
and paregoric, mixed together. The diet
should be bread, soaked iii boiled milk.
Sumner roup, or ''rattles," as it is
sometimes called, comes from various
causes. Overcrowding in small cOopS
that do not afford good ventilation, chang
ing the brood from the small coops to the
henhouse after they are three months or
SO old, letting them roost in draughLy
places, getting out IN late afternoon
storms, and then budding together in
close eoopS are the chief causes. A tea
spoonful OF castor oil is good to give as
soon as rattles are indicated. Another
remedy is to confine the affected foW.S III
a close henhouse and tumigaJe with pine
tar and spirits turpentlne, equal parts of
each. Use an iron pot or vessel. Chlorate
OF potash blown III the throat al night has
been found beneficial, often causing
speedy cure. Strongly stimulated food
should be the evening meal.
The diseases that are Incidental with
hot summer weather may all be avoided
by proper food and sanitary care. YER
min on poultry Is the Stepping-Stone to
all diseases. Fowls entirely Tree from
yermin are rarely susceptible TO any or
the dreaded summer diseases that so often
thin out the poultry yards. Therefore,
the means to insure the health OF the flock
during the summer are, first, to keep
down the Vermin; next, to keep the
grounds around their houses and runs
clean by using some proper disiniectant,
such as lime and the other things recently
described in these pages. Feed sweet,
clean food, provide plenty of shade, give
drinking water frequently, never leaving
the water standing around in the sun. DO
not allow the hot weather to make you be-
come lax in your attention to the flock as
many do. The proper treatment OF fowls
i'll summer prepares them tor winter lay
ing. Hens that ale not half cared for III
summer never prove to be good winter
layers. Neglect in summer is, therefore,
q loss OF profit III WInter.-Baltlmore Sun.
STORING THE FODDER ~
1t has been well demonstrated that the
fodder produced bysa crop Of corn is fully
equal in value to the grain. Ii the grain
was wasted, as is the case in the manage
ment of the fodder by many, it would
create sur prise. IL has been claimed by
an eminent authority that the amount of
trampling, is sufficient To feed the stock
in the United States during the winter
The claim is a broad one, bat that an
enormous loss occurs Is a fact fully recog-
niZed.
The practice of shocking, the corn
fodder in the fields is an old one. At first
the cured fodder is bright in color, but as
the rains and SHOWS come upon it the
color changes, becoming darker, the
leaves dry until very brittle, and the
winds literally clean the stems of all that
is of value The shocks are blown over
and rot on the ground; while the cattle
trample that which remains by pulling
it first TO the ground and picking it over
just why care should be exercised in cut
ting the fodder and securely binding it,
only to allow it to waste later on. is a
mystery, yet the same thing happens
over and over.
Fodder is a bulky crop, and for that
reason it is left in the fields. It is not
given that consideration which it de-
serves, so far as its nutrItIve value is con-
cerned. When cut at the proper time,
however, and left in the fields until an
opportunity is afforded for storing it un-
der shelter, it can be hauled TO the barn
or under covered shed, in condition
which will make 1t very acceptable to all
classes of stock, and ii cut with a cutter
and fed moistened, or steamed, with a
small proportion of ground grain, it will
aid of hay. 1t may be stored under cover
by standing the fodder on end, under q
large root, or may be layered, and if well
cured, and not having been exposed. it
will not heat. 1t should be used as much
as possible before the wet season sets in
TO lessen the bulk. II there is power
cutter it may be cut in large quantities at
atime and stored in bins. Nonlatter how
preserved, it is a fact that until some
other method than that OF allowing it 10
remain exposed all winter in the fields is
adopted, a large portion of the crop will
be lost.
PACKING RAIsINS.
1t is said that the French horticulturists
are the most tidy fruit-packers in the
world. Much as bluff John Bull SCOTS
at dapper and versatile Johnny Crapeau,
he always takes kindly to his fruit 1t is
put up in SO dainty and attractive Style.
showing not only skill in the handling
but taste and cleanliness as well. We
lately called attention to complaints of
English fruit-dealers that our American
fruits reaching those markets lacked the
alGractiveness of the French packages
v hat has been said of French packing is
also largely true of the Spanish method
ci putting up their raisins. In this mat
ter it is not unlikely that we shall soon
learn that to keep the Spanish raisin out
OF our markets we must rely upon our
superior methods of handling equally as
good fruit, rather than to hope that purely
patriotic considerations will help us out
We'll selected and thoroughly graded
lunches put into attractive boxes carry
ing handsome labels, Will be needed TO
compete with the best grades of Spanish
goods. 1t should be remembered that
the Spaniard Is by no means vet ready to
relinquish our market, and he must be
met by better fruit and more attractiyeIv
prepared, if we hope to capture the field
Il. ! ~, - o.