The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-05-15

l
Luthernns denominntod Pletists and actet
in part as tho agent ofA Frankfort land com
pany. owing mainly at first to tho I'm
wcaried esortlons OF Pom. tho ropu
lation OF his province grew moro rapidly
in numbers than any other colony had crow
except Massachusetts,. In 1885 there were oil
ready upward Of 1000 Inhabitants. somewhat
moro than one-half OF whom were OF English
extraction. At the end OF a year and q nal
| more than 100 houses had bcen built In mia
delphia. In 1854 the number OF houses nae
risen to 307. In 1859 n school was established
where tho pupils paid moderate fees for In
struction. A brisk trade sprspg up with the
| other colonies. and there was d beginning OF
| commerce with some OF the West India
Islands. Az early ns 1884 Penn could say
| with truth: II have led the greatest colony
| into America that ever any man did upon n
| priyatc credit and tho most prosperous
beginnings that ever were In IL are
| to DO found among us" contcmpor-
nry description OF Pennsylvania and OF its cap.
ital. printed in England In 1903. speaks Of
Philadelphia Ms containing several line
squares and courts" and many Tstnteiy
| houses. and Of brick" There Is. tho author
| notes. great and extended traffic and COM
merco with old England and the West indies.
rs well rs with tho other colonies. There
ing for youths in Philadelphia. All the useful
trades and occupations arc prosecuted. or
lawyers and physicians" adds the narrator.
II shall have nothing to say. because the
country Is worry peaceful and healthy"
Lot us now turn to tho middle OF the eigh.
teenth century and note tho remarkable ad-
vance mnde by this colony. Bancroft esti-
mates the population OF Pennsylvania md
Delaware in 1874 at $4,000 Tho large variety
OF products and the nnsccnt manufactures
constituted striking difference between
Pennsylvania and tho southern colonies. Tho
courts OF law. too. 80 far as tho qualifications
OF tho Judges md lawyers were concerned.
were above tho ordinary colonial standard.
As regards religion. tho strongest scots
wore tho Quakers. tho Luthorans. and the
presbyterians: but. although Sabbath laws
wcro strictly enforced. religious freedom
continued to be conceded to all Tho smnll
degree OF control exercised by the clergy
was point OF contrast both with Virginia
and New England. Nor should tho fact DO
overlooked that medical practitioners in Penn
sy!vania wcrc com uratively we'll qualified for
their profession. In Philadelphia medical
science was early cultivated. and before tho
outbreak OF tho Seven Years War n beginning
was mado In tho publication OF medical writ
ings. A hospital was founded in 1850. and ten
years latcr Iueulcul WeTS SlNcu ny
William Shipper. Trndesmen wore worry nu-
mcrous and they made their influence felt in
tho community. Tho owners Of large estates
and wealthy merchants were not without
certain distinction. There was an aristocratic
class. in which were represented such families
ms tho Pembertons. tho Logans. and the Nor
risons. The slaves were for the most part do.
mcstic servants. Slavery was generally con-
demned by the Quakers In general there was
q great contrast between Philadelphia and the
adjacent district on the one hand and the
farming class on the western borders Of the
province on the other. The frontiersmen were
rough and ignorant. lacking In public spirit.
and blending supersttious notions with coarse
standards of moral conduct. or o much high
or grade OF intelligence was the interme-
diate farming class. the Scotch-Irish and
the Germans in the middle regions.
The Germans. however unlike they might be
In manners to the people OF English de-
scent. were not deficient either in intellect or
in religious sincerity. and the Scotch Irish.
however dogmatic and intolerant in their zeal
for the Presbyterian creed. cherished the Bible
and established schools. Wereproduce. finally.
some significant statistics regarding the colo
NAL capital. In 1749 there were in Philadel-
phia ] 1854 houses and places OF worship. In
1853 it contained 1853 Inhabitants. How
fast the city grew is evident from the fact that
in 1769 the number OF houses had increased to
1913. BY the middle Of the century the simple
but comfortable style Of living which had for
merly prevailed was superseded by higher de-
gree ofrefnement There was moro luxury Wis.,
ible in the structure Of dwellings and in their
furnishings. and in the style OF entertainments
An English theatrical company was licensed in
1904 to act plays. but no building was erected
for the purpose until some years later. The
first newspaper in Philadelphia. tho american
Mercny was brought out in 1910. Through
the efforts OF BENJAMIN Franklin q public
library was begun In 1871. and In 1743 philo-
sophical society was formed. More and more
Philadelphia tended to become centre OF
literature and science.
Dr. Fishers delineations OF the state Of So
ciety In the several colonies constitute the
most attractive features Of his book. BY the
side OF the pictures already reproduced
may be placed tho description OF the
state OF society in New York toward tho
close OF the colonial epoch. In this colony
tho Dutch emigration for tho most part
came to en- ond with tho conquest by tho
English. But although there were Hugueno;s
on Manhattan Island and Germans from the
Palntinato on tho Hudson. tho population was
mainly made IN Of Dutch and English. by
the English tho settlements on the western
border of Lon. Island wcro made Mt nm early
date. and they continued to transplant them
solves thithor from New England. Tho city OF
Now York was SO situated that 1t could not fail
to become betimos the centre OF trade which
1t has s.pco continued to be- Tho traffic in
fnrs wns throughout the colonial era prlnci-
pal occupation OF tho inhabitants Of Albany
From the banks Of tho Hudson settlers Ind
gradually pushed westward along the fertile
and beautiful valley OF tho Mohawk. Outside
OF tho III" trndo agriculture chiefly employed
tho colonists Manufactures. although they
had boon begun by tho Dutch with consider
abb" e"eIgy did not flourish. The le.G pro-
!cssion in New York attained to no high stand
ing. and tho medical profession WAS in n low
state compared with that in Philadelphia In
les, II law OF tho Duke OF York was framed 10
prevent violence in tho treatment OF PATIENTS.
On tho other hand. tho Dutch and III.
English Dissenting ministers were worthy
OF respect both for their learning ana