The sun., 1892-09-19

The Monarchy. the Molly See, anA shs
italian Que stlon.


which saluted in him the great pacincator Of
tho nation. the Quirinal nattered itself with
tho fond hope that tho great soul OF tho sue
cessor OF Plus TX. would blot out with a single
sovereign word the Ne eletti ne e,ettoriI Ming
hetti and Bonghi. the two political preceptors
OF the King and Queen. foresaw his COM
ing and founded upon him their hopes Of ap-
peasement and concord. There oame down
from the Vatican breath OF the future.
Such was precisely tho state Of tho public
mind in 1885. when tho Italian provinces
blessed the growing power OF Sixtus v. whose
titanic will was about to introduce order
and security by crushing that brigandage
which had become tho first constituted power
OF the peninsula.
Leo KILL had In his mind the grand idea OF
peace and fruitful collaboration. Had It not
been for tho timidity OF the Government, he
would have thrown out from the terrace Of st.
Peter the benediction Urbi et Orbi: and for tho
first time since 1870 no would have shown to
tho Roman people the majesty OF tho White
Man. From tho very first months OF his reign
tho participation OF Catholics at the ballot
boxes was a subject Of his minute inquiry.
The Roman patricians pressed and prayed.
The Dorghese.t tho Buoncom pag nj. the San tucoi.
the Be- and the Zacometti. supported by tho
noble families OF the provinces. already began
to compose tho lists. Ambitious and eager for
public life. they organized in Rome, in Naples.
in Milan. in Bologna electoral adminis-
| trative associations OF which tho Unions Ro-
mana was tho type and tho model. and which
were expected to be transformed by the libor-
ating order OF the Pope into powerful political
associations. An ardor and perfect fever OF
| action ran through all minds. Like all au-
| roras. this debut had the splendor OF hope and
| the seduction of prestige.
At the decisive moment. Loo KILL hesitated.
| To break with tradition. to throw himself into
| the m6l6e. was TO risk a great deal. Was the
| situation ripe for tp Would tho problsmatic
and positive results counterbalance the i'm
| mensity oi the risk? In the condition in
| which the national question was placed at tho
| time. when passions still cnmped upon tho
| field OF battle. could the Catholics boldly in
| scribe upon their banners the claim OF pontih-
cal Independence And II this voice Of justice
and reparation did not dare to make itself
heard for fear OF bringing on a civil war. was
1t not likely that In Italy as we'll ns abroad.
| this participation would be considered as the
| strangling OF the Roman question?
Leo. XIII. conlldentially consulted tho spis-
copate of the country. In reports prom pted
| by strong and conscientious motives. the i'm
mense majority OF the pastors gave q verdict
| in favor OF delay. Embarrassed by this mani
| festation. Leo XIII. reserved his decision.
| There was some murmuring. but all hope did
not appear to be lost For two years the
BorGheso and tho others kept working. At
tho Quirinal operations were carried on
through secret influences.. In spite OF all dis
appointments. they still hope to-day for the
order which Is to release tho Catholic con-
science. especially since the Emperor OF Aus
| tra. Wilhelm H.. and numerous Catholic
Austro-German groups have thrown into
the balance the weight Of their desires
and their influence But without some
extraordinary commoton or o change
OF rule. this solution Is chlmera.
Tho more Leo XIII made advances and en-.
dsavored to create In the country an irresist-
ible current OF conciliation. the more no per-
ceived TINT for official Italy conciliation sig.
nifed abdication through tho acceptance ol
the status quo. while he himself was endeavor.
ing to bring about the transaction upon the
basis Of reciprocal sacrifices Loo XIII. was
seeking for union; tho Quirinal was looking
after absorption. And when In 1886. in the
teeth OF NJ. Crispi. the Vatican strengthened ed
and arcentuated it's prohibition. King Hum
bert. disconnected. cried out: Does the Pope
want to ruin mep' The thing that came out
Of all this secret work Is the fact that tho
Quirinal did not dream OF peace or OF loyal
collaboration. 1t sighed for the participation
OF the Catholics at the ballot boxes. because Il
WAS guarantee and safeguard for the
throne and the State constituted upon the oc.
cupation OF Rome
italian royalty is tent planted in the night.
Carried along In the movement for unity by
d'AZeglio before Cavour it became imm edi-
ately the instrument OF the Risoroimento. The
revolution took hold OF it as m cans. not as
an end. When the Garibalds. the Mazzinls.
the Cairolis. and the Crispis were searching
among tho Princes for herald and force OF
attraction. the house OF Savoy appeared as q
| = rAt.
unity. Crispi said to tho Republicans. Roy
atty is the thing that divides us least" BY the
secret treaty OF Lugano tho Liberal revou-
tionary party took lease at will Of tho House
OF Savoy. 1t was n tact and moral bargain. a
sort OF blank letter OF credit. This starting
point possesses an incalculable importance
for the understanding OF our history and OF the
course OF events Outside OF Piedmont. where
tho King has his chevaliers and his affections.
T. tho dynasty is not popular. 1t is only shelter.
q aiuxtaposition to national unity. For some 1t Is
the ornament of a day: for others 1t is pass
ing necessity. When the reconstruction OF tho
country shall be accomplished. tho Republi-
cans OF old land all the Liberals who are not
Piedmontase belong to that party will assert
their rights and enthrone the regime OF their
youth and OF their ideal. that OF Mazzinl. who
exclaimed. "Dio spopolo." Just as Lincoln said.
Everything by tho people and for the peo-
rle." To make the King the passing incarna-
ton OF tho revolution and OF unity. to use him
as visible power against the claims OF tho
Vatican. to endeayor with his assistance to
contract alliances with tho monarchies. and
thus to assure the security OF tho progressing &
and as yet compromised work. against all
danger and all Intervention. and whom that
work should be finished to dismiss the SOW
ereign. Just as you would dismiss q servant or
an allie de circumstance: such was tho plan.
Royalty has no steady hold upon the nation.
1t responds to transltory necessity. but
when that condition ceases to exist 1t will fall.
like all human institutions that are not
founded upon the granite OF historic laws and
OF social requirements. The italian people
took Victor Emmanuel Iust as tho Franks
chose Pepin 10 lref. Just as the English called
in the Oranges. with this difference. that the
lease was at will. Tho sub-Alpine King is not
the living law. the national conscience: he IL
mat thok L. H.. al