The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-01-24

treaty with tho United States. His recall was
undoubtedly secured through the influence Of
Col. North and tho English compancs organ.
lied to work the nitrate deposits.
It was generally supposed in Europe that
thu triumph Of tho Congressional party was y
guarantee OF future peace and progress, II Is
certain that Gillian stocks roso at once from
~ to OF. On what hopeful hypothesis the
fact is to be explained Mr.. Hcrvey does not
know. His reasons for thinking the over
throw OF Inlmaceda n misfortune are set forth
In chapter dealing with tho condition OF po-
litcal parties in Chill. and We shall do we'll to
mark his account OF the situation. about which
very little is known in the United States. AZ
ter quoting all the articles of tho Gillian Con-
stitution affecting the dispute between BAL
macrda and the Congress. he asks was not
Balmnceda right in sticking to the letter of
his oath to respect the Constitution : Mr..
Hervey submits that. given the Constitution
and the oath. the problem reduced itself to Il
simple mattor Of comparison and fact. AS TO
the facts. both sides were agreed. because.
having but recently occurred. they could not
be disputed
1t is important to not,. in the first place.
that Gillian society has for long time
for want OF better term may DO
called tho aristocracy had for many
years been 1oundering in financial diff
culties. People whose fathers had been con-
tent to lead the lives of country sluires had
gradually followed their Argentine neiShbors
In Il cruze for luxury and extravaganza. aud
many of them had been brought to the very
brink OF ruin. They all belonged to the old
Cons ervatire party whose COMPONENT elements
are known as Ccricals. Montt. Iaristas. and
Conservatives. the latter being less utraCon
servative In their views than the othors
These broken-down aristocrats looked for as
sistance to the Government. but the election
OF Balmacedn. the leader Of the Liberals. 20
the Presidency. left them withou. any hopes Of
relief from this source. Wher it became clear
that Balmaceda would probably be succeeded
by another l:.oraI. al! sections oi Conserve
tives fell tao des;,air. Their sole recourse
was to excite L.ssenscns in the Liberal ranks
and to t.y to an1ih'.'e tho Presidents iniu-
ence Throughout Chilli The clergy had strong
grounds for d:siiking Balmaceda. Not only
Was nc suspected Of downright frcc-
thinking. h4. he lad played havoc
with tins rriHcirai sources u &C.
cies!asttcal REVENUES. Tho establishment %
civ.l marr!ag, ~ Rad dealt io clergy II heavy
blow. Their salaries and fees had been cut
Thus it came TO pass that. az tho padres IN Chill
hold unlimited sway over the minds of the
femals population. q Balmaccdst in pcttcoats
was almost rs rare phenomenon as a black
swan. Naturally too. the tcsdesracn and those
employed in the humorous occupations re-
spondent 70 the E.ccssi..es CIR capIiccs of the
spending classes. s"mpathiZed with their
arstocratio patrons AMI! attr! bu ed heir dimin-
fshed earnings to tie evil ways OF the tyrant.
Hence tho largo number of "Oposiiorcs'
TO be found In Santiago and Valparaiso. Then.
again. Ey the large foreign element resident in
Chilli Ba,Eiaceda was regarded with very gen
eral aversion. and Lcrs especially by the
British. HIS was known to entertain many
views by no means consistent with the un!n-
terruptcd Advancement Of British Interests.
He had many tines limited that stop
must bs put to the extensive conces-
sions which had hitherto been freely
made to European syndlcates. Tho wealth
OF Tnrapaca. he had been heard to say.
wealth gained b. Gillian blood shed
In the war against Peru. was flowing in
a wide stream to London and in driblets to
Santiago. In II word. his programme of Chill
Tor the Chliaps was extremely obnoxious to
tha English colony in Valparaiso. OH tho
other hand II Is frankly admitted by Mr.. Her.
vey that. in addition to the direct aids already
u
majority Of the intelligent ctizons espoused
from conviction tho cause OF tho Congress. 1t
was absurd. they said. that the dcstinies OF tho
country should be swayod upon the principles
by Blmuccda. or what uso was
q Congress at all. they asked IL it could be
Overrldcen at tho will OF a President? II tho
Constitution really gave him the powers which
he claimed. then the Constitution was worth
less and u revolution would be a cheap price
to paY for its abolition. In tho course. how
ever. Of an analysis of the constitutional Iues-
tons Involved In the controversy which pro-
coded the resort to arms. Mr.. Hervey demon
strates that Balnacoda was technically right.
except in IL single instance and that hero
1t was rather the spirit than the letter
OF the Constitution which hs violated.
We cannot now follow the analysis In detail
but We will state tho conclusions at which tho
author arrived In the first place. he AYERS
that the charges levellcd against the President
personally were most emphatically mot
proven" and that even his enemies did not
venture TO Icy to his door that besetting sin OF
South American rulers. the itching palm that
he was consequently by no means to be classed
with such mon as Rosas. Lopez. and Ceman
Mr.. Hervcy afflrns. secondly. that Balmaceda
had. upon the whole. much the best Of tho ar
gument. since he stood upon the firm ground
Oh tne Written CONSTITUTION, whereas MS opno-
nents sought to substitute system OF Parlia-
government not then legally in exist
encc. 1t Is nevertheless conceded that he In
fringed tho CONSTITUTIONAL spirit. however.
rather than in letter-by refusing to call an
session at the instance OF tho
.0mision ConserpatlOra 1.-THE ad Interim Consti-
tutional Committed but Mr.. Hervey thinks
that the violent attitude assumed by the MEM
bors OF that com mittee. as we'll as the majority
Of tho Congress. almost justified the infringe
ment. Mr.. Hervey reached these conclusions
after some months study of the situa ton. and
no did not hesitate to print the following fore
cast Of the results OF insurrectlon. He pre-
dicted that the victory OF the insurgents would
result in subsequent discussions. consisting.
as the rebels did. Of half dozen sections Of
dissatisfied Liberals and three sections OF Con-
servatives. The permanent fusion OF such
clements would DO as impracticable as the
mixture Of oil and vinegar On the other hand.
the triumph OF Balmaceda would signify the
triumph OF but single party and would in
volva no subseuuent Intestinal disputes. Mr.