davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04

WASHINGTON. Feb. 2.-Representative
Hoar Of Massachusetts, appeared before the
house committee on reform, in the civil
service to-day in support of his bill to fix
the tenure of postmasters and to regulate
their appointment promotion and removal
Mr.. Hoar argued that the bill, il enacted
into law, would greatly increase the ef.i-
cheney OF the mail service He called at
tentlon to the efficiency OF postmasters who
tration, and cited cases of inefficiency OF
new postmasters until they became thor
oughly acquainted with their duties. Mr..
Hoar was followed by members of the
Pennsylvania Civil Service Re. orm associa-
ton VINO favored the bill and Endorsed the
areument of Mr. HOar
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
The Nations Debt.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 2.-The monthly debt
statement, issued to-day, shows that the ag-
gregate interest bearing debt, exclusive Of
Pacific railroad bonds, is $5S5, O27, $50; in
crease, $40; aggregate interest and nor-in-
terest- bearing debt, 1913, 1886, 293; decrease,
81, ,995. $685. certificates and treasury notes,
offset by an equal amount Of cash in the
treasury, $G05, 423,4l2: increase. $2S, 2s0. 1853:
aggregate of debt, including certificates ana
treasury notes, 81, $40, 4o9, 7o5; total cash in
treasury, SITS 100, 866; cash balance, $137..
s6S, 459 decrease, So, ,205, ,669. &
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
An Exhaustive Title.

WAsH1EGroN, Feb. 2.--Senator Palmer Of
Illinois introduced bill with the follow-
ing comprehensive title, which caused Mr.
Frye to inquire whether it was the title or
the bill itself which had just been read:
A bill to develop and facilitate the Interstate
commerce OF the whole country. and more es-
pecially that OF the twenty-five states and two
territories which are in whole or in part drained
by the Mississippi river and it's trbut aries.
which have an area of 1,575.092 square miles
and lrrsent population OF 35. .346 OOl and a
the total population OF all the balance of the
states aud territories is but 2G G,4O7 ,966 and
their total property value is Sl1.583, ,l99,3S7.
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
TO PLEAD INSANITY
Miss Mitchell, the Memphis Murderess,
and Her Lady Companion Ar
raigned in Court.
Insanity the Plea Made by Lawyer
on Behalf Of the Fair Muir
daress.

MEMPHIS, Feb. 2.-Miss Alice Mitchell,
the murderer Of Freda Ward, and her
friend, Miss Johnston, were arraigned be-
fore Judge Dubois in the criminal court to-
day. ...-....s
At 9 o'clock a party consisting of the
young ladies and members of their families
arrived at the court house in a closed car
riage and entered the court room by the
rear door. Judge Dubois was on the bench,
making ready to take up the calendar Tor
the day.
Chairs were set for the guests, and they sat
down facing the judges seat after drawing
their chars so close to her that a mans
hand cou,d hardly be inserted between
them. The few persons in the room craned
their neck to get look at the faces of the
Prisoners but they were closely veiled and
the gazers had their labor for their pains.
Judge Dubois ordered the prisoners to
stand up and remove their wells while the
indictment was being read. Miss Johnston
obeyed but Miss Mitchell kept her face COW
cred. Neither showed any emotion. Dep
uty Clark Hunter read the Indictment, and
the accused We're called upon to plead.
Miss Johnson said: Il am not guilty"
and dropped into her seat instanter. Miss
Mitchell was unmovable. Not sound es-
capped her lips. Col, CAN'T, the counsel for
the defense, interposed on her behalf, say
ing:
II your honor please, we plead not guilty as to
Llile Johnston and present insanity to Alice
Mitchell
The prisoners were then returned to the
jail. The &c ense will present their plea in
Miss Mitchell's case in due form some time
this week. 1t is their intention to summon
medical experts to testify be ore the einquisi-
ton OF lunacy. and it will take time to get
them On hand.
I'm the event Miss Mitchell is declared insane.
what will De the effect the verdict on Miss
Johnston's case?" asked a reporter OF Col.
CAN'T.
'In law, none-morally speaking, great
DEAL replied the colonel. ''lJ is NOT reasona
Bile to suppose that any sane person would con-
spire With a lunatic to commit murder
No application for bail for Miss Johnston
will be made it the caseshall be set tor trial
at an early day. Justice Z. w. Winters has
been retained Ior the defense.
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
Anti-Poiyga,ny.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 2.-The question of
Utah statehood is likely hpco' / the
political issues Of the present congress.
Already bill is pending in the house COM
mittee OH foreign affairs for the admission
Utah, and. to-d day Representative Bush
nell Of Wisconsin introduced in the house
the following resolution:
That;this congress hereby proposes to the
legislatures OF the several states the following
amendment to the constitution OF these United
States, to be known rs article l6 OF the amend
ments thereto. to wit:
"Section 1-Polygamy shall never exist within
the United States or any place subject to their
Jurisdiction. =
"Sec. 2-CoEgress shall have power to make all
needful laws TO enforce this article and punish
its violation"
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO IN
CURING MINDS.
Firearms OF Early Settlers--The
Essentials Of Mechanical Flight
--CoIonial Steel-M Makers
ATremendous Explo-
sive. 5E
Firearms Of Early Settlers.

. & /. = : E
The precise population OF New Eng
land, either Indian or white, at the time
OF Philips war cannot be stated, but
for the purpose OF war it may be said
that the forces ON one side and on the
other were equal. At that time the
Indians were as we'll used to firearms
as the whites, but the frelock OF those
days was but an inefficient weapon
compared with the musket Of later
times or, with the rifle OF today.
1t seems certain that in Europe
fiintlocks had been introduced before
this time; but, on the whole, the
concurrence of evidence shows that
such locks were not used in the civil
war in England, and that
both the kings party and
the Purtians still relied on
the matchbox. The form OF this can
be readily explained to any person
who has seen the old flintlock of the
present century. A hammer-a good
deal larger than the hammer which
afterward held the flint, but quite like
it had a screw which tightened or
loosened the hold which two pieces OF
iron had upon match.
Each soldier was obliged to carry
some yards of this match with him,
and when the battle beg AN he lighted
the piece of this match which was
fixed in the hammer of the gun. A
pan which held powder, exactly as the
pan OF a f1intlock afterward did, was
in front of the hammer, with a cover
projecting, from which a. sort of a horn
ran up nearly vertical, to be opened
by the hammer when the soldier pulled
the trigger. The fire OF the match COM
municated with the powder, and the
gun went off.
This was a sufficiently complicated
way in which men should 60 to battle,
perhaps, in a wilderness, where even
the procuring of fire at that time was
attended with difficulty. The ac-
counts of skirmishes OF those times
are fu II OF occasions when shower
put a stop to the whole battle. This
is because the fire Of the matches was
extinguished by the rain.
- TO change this rather clumsy lock
into a f1intlock simply requiredthat a.
flint OF sufficient size should be screwed
into the hammer in the place made
for the match. The flint, then strik-
ing upon the cover of the pan, made a
spark which fell at the moment the
pan opened into the powder. Event
ually these locks were made with great
precision, so that the gun missed fire
very seldom.
have no doubt that one and anoth-
ersoldier in Philip war found for him
self that a flint Indian arrowhead
screwed in the place Of his match
could be made to answer the purpose
OF firing the powder much more readily
than the match itself could do. A
similar invention, however, as l have
said, had already been made in
Europe, so that tits thought that flint
lock guns had been found in France as
early as 1910. In 1872, however,
just before the war with Philip began,
the law of Massachusetts, and the pro-
vision made for her soldiers still re-
quired the use of the matchlock.-The
Chautauquan:
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
For Twenty Years,

WAsH1HGToS. Special Telegram. Feb. g.
Senator Washburn to-day introduced bill
to incorporate the Yellowstone Park COM
pany. It was introduced at the request of
Charles Gibson OF St. Louis. who spends all
his summers in Minnesota. Before its in
troduction the senator had the names of
Thomas Lowry and J. w. Raymond OF
Minneapolis inserted in the bill. He says
that the object OF the bill is to allow the
company, which has already spent about
$500, 600 in the Yellowstone Park to make
twenty years right in the park
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
CONDENSED TELEGRAMS..

Prince Iturbide OF Mexico has decided to most.
pone his marriage with the daughter OF Senator
Stanford Of California owing to his mothers re-
cent death.
EDWARD F. Fitzsimmons, the murderer Of Da
tective Gilkeson, aud who afterwards escaped
from jail in Pittsburg last fall has been captured
in New Orleans.
The. bank at Addison, N Y, was entered by
professional thieves and several Thousand dol
lars i'll cash. besides a number OF valuable pa
pers and government bonds, were stolen. There
Is no clew
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
Sued for Breach of Promise.

ALBERT LEA, Mimi, Special, Feb. 2.--On
Jan. 10 Joseph Belshan and Josephine
Lukes. Bohemians from the southeastern
part of the county. appeared at the court
house, secured a license and were soon lltls-
band and wife, Judge OF Probate Black
ner performing the ceremony. Two days
later third party, in the person of q young
woman appeared upon the scene and de-
clared that she and the groom above men
toned had been engaged and had been init
mate under promise Of marriage. She at
once began proceedings for, damages 70.
hearing has been postponed until nexl
week.
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
Early American Pottery.

Primitive potteries for the produc-
ton OF earthenware on a small scale
were operated in the provinces at an
early period; but as only the coarser
grades OF ware We're needed by the
simple inhabitants of d new country,
no extended accounts of them appear
to have been written by the older his
torians. AS early as the year 1649,
however, there were a number OF
small potteries in Virginia which car
ried on a thriving business in the COM
munities in which they existed; and
the first Dutch settlers in New York
brought with them practical knowl-
edge Of potting, and are said to have
made 9 ware equal in quality to that
produced in the ancient town OF Delft.
Prof Isaac Broome, OF the Beaver Falls
Art Tile Works, informs me that the re-
mains OF an old kiln tire-hole, saved
from the ravages of time by being thor
oughly vitrifed still exist mile or two
below South Amboy, N. j. This is a
relic OF the earlier pottery ware made
on this continent, and was most
probably established by the Dutch
to make stew-pans and pots.
DIR. Daniel Coke, of London, pro-
prietor, and afterward governor, of
West Jersey, was undoubtedly the
first to make white ware on this side
Of the Atlantic. While he did not
come to America himself, he caused q
pottery to be erected at Burlington,
IN. j., previous to the year 1890,
through his agent, John latham,
who, with Daniel Coke, his son, look
ed after his large interests here. ! It is
recorded that in 1851 DR.. Coke sold
to the "West New Jersey Society" OF
London consisting of forty EIGHT per-
sons, his entire interests in the prov.
ince, including @ dwelling house and
"pottery-house" with all the tools,
for the sum OF go, 900 sterling.
Colonial steel-makers.
In 1728 Samuel Higley, OF simsbury,
and Joseph Dewey, Of Hebron, in
Hartford County, Connecticut, repre-
sented to the Legislature that the
said Higley had, with great pains
and cost, found out and obtained a
curious art by which to convert,
change, or transmute common iron
intogood steel sufficient for any use,
and was tho first that ever performed
such an operation in America .
Swank gives on the authority OF Mr..
Charles j. Hoadly, Librarian OF the
CoEhecticut State Library, q certif-
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
CRILE'S APOLOGY.
The Little Republic Comes or the
Perch Very Gracefully

WASHINGTON, Jan. 28.-The reply to Sec
retary Blaines ultimatunl of Jan. % was
received from Senor Pereira, minister Of
foreign affairs, under date OF Jan. 25, but
was not received in Washington until the
following day. The note is as follows:
The undersigned has had the honor to receive
your excelency's communica tion. dated the
and the duly authenticated copies OF the in
structions which the honorable secretary OF
state at Washington has sent to your excellency
by cable under dates of the 21st inst. and the
23d Of October. 1891. In the instructions OF
the 21st inst. the honorable secretary of state
informs your excellency, Mr. Harrison, after
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
Claims for In dernnity.

PHILADELPHIA Feb. 2.-The brother and
two sisters Of John w. Riggin, the sailor of
the Baltimore who was one of those killed
by the mob in Valparaiso aud whose home
was in this city, will send to Washington
tomorrow formal claim against the gov
ernnlent for indemnity.
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
The Pensioners.
The Pensioners.
WASHINGTON. Special Telegram. Feb. 2.
Pensions granled to-day:

Pensions granted to-day:
Mnnesota-.Original: Joseph NJ. Russ, Henry
Kelley, Cornelius Mc(iraw, N. Schmidt Henry
r. Bevans, John Pomeroy, Theodore Brown
William 3. Lyons, Joseph Allen, George j.
Dayis, James Hisgerstaff, Joseph Lee, Oliver
McGaffey. William Dent, Michael F. Beckley
Xavier Zollner, Hans r. Hanson, Samuel
Leighton, William Roeber. Increase: James
keaims. North Dakota-O Original: Benedict
South Dakota-Original: John II. Rogers Hey
den M. THOMPSON. Philip Rudisill. Allen Onkes,
William H. Chamberlain, Mathew NJ. Brooks,
Charles F. Weeks. smith Fl. Lamunyan. Clinto on
J. Payne, Gilbert Nelson, a. E. Pettingil
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04

cate, signed by Timothy Phelps and
John Drake, blacksmiths, which
states that, in June, 1925, Mr.. Higley.
obtained from the subscribers several
pieces OF iron, SO shaped that they
could be known again, and that q few
days later che brought the same
pieces which we let him have, and we
proved them and found them good
steel, which was the first steel that
ever was made in this country that
we ever saw or heard Of" s
A patent was granted Higley and
Dewey for ten years. provided "the
petitioners improve the art to any
good and neutrality-suspicious. within
two years from the date of this act"
They do not appear to- have done
this, or to have continued the busi-
ness OF making steel.
In l74O the Connecticut Legislature
granted to Messrs. Fitch, Walker &
Wyllys "the sole privilege Of making
steel for the term of fifteen years upon
this condition, that they should in
the space of two years make half a.
ton OF steep; this condition not hav-
ing been complied with, the privilege
was extended to 1744, before which
time Aaron Eliot and Ichabod Miller
certified that more than half ton of
steel had been made at the furnace in
Simsbury.
The Essentials Of Mechanical
Flight,
1t is we'll for the present to use the
balloon as the supplementary sustain.
ing instrument; but let us always keep
in mind that we shall thank it as soon
as possible for it's services and show
1.-THE door. A hypothesis should be
to the physicist simply a provisional
artifice for the convenient grouping or
explaining OF a number of determined
phenomena; and, to our view, bal
loon is similar artifce, the present
uses OF which may he valuable.
We had the honor some years ago
of becoming acquainted with MN. de
la Landelle and Ponton d'Amecourt,
warm partisans and advocates OF the
doctrine Of machines heavier than the
air, which originated, according to
classical traditions, with Architas.
They convinced us, and we have since
been their fervent disciple. We are,
in fact, persistent admirer Of the
simple processes employed in Nature
and used in a marvellous way by birds
to sustain themselves in the air and
guide their flight, and specious calcu.
lations havenever caused US to doubt
the possibility Of a solution of the
problem OF locomotion in the air by
wholly mechanical means; and we
have long regarded the solution of it
as depending solely on the discovery
OF powerful and light motor.-The
Popular Science Monthly.
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
A Tremendous Explosive,

A new explosive OF great power IS
'SAmericanite." It is a liquid COM
pound whose principal ingredient is
nitro-glycerine. The other ingredients
are still a secret. It IS said to have
two advantages over other explosives.
1t IS insensitive to shock and can be
exploded at will.
The inventors assert that the ex-
plosive can always be used without
danger. It has withstood blow Of
$4,000 pounds, and lighted match
simply sets it on fire so that it burns
like a candle. Neither is it affected by
friction, and all inexperienced person
can handle it without running the risk
OF a premature explosion. Gen. O. O.
Howard has, therefore recommended
the adoption OF it by the Govern
ment.
''The advantages OF being able,' he
says, Ito use an explosive of a force
equal to nitro-glycerine with safety,
fired from any gun now in existence
and with terrific effect at extreme
range, is evident With such pow
erful agent the problem OF coast de-
Tense is resolved almost to one OF
range, and our great seaboard cities
can be made comparatively safe with
out excessive expenditure. ."-Bostor
TRANSCRIPT
The Princeton union., 1892-02-04
Progress In Science.

FTOSE0SS SCIENCE
Astronomers recently observed, by
photography, a solar disturbance
lasting fifteen minutes, in which va
pors assembled to distance OF 80
600 miles. The compass needle was
sensibly affected, and the effect was
presumed to have been caused by
meteor striking the sun.
The popular belief that occupants
OF the highest floors in a city house
live in the purest air seems to be up
set by recent tests made OF the atmos-
phere of London, which showed that
the purest air was obtained between
thirty and forty feet above the
streets.
A good cement to iasten glass letters
upon glass, windows, &c, consists OF
one part India rubber, three parts
mastic, and fifty parts chloroform.
Let the mixture stand several days
in q closed vessel and apply rapidly.
The development of the cotton-seed
industry has been so great, and the
many articles now made from it are
so useful, that it has supplanted the
famous olive-tree products III ma
jority of cases.
The alcohol process Of obtaining
sugar from cane syrup has revolu-
tionized sugar making from that
source. The process is very simple,
and it is said that but 1 per cent. OF
the alcohol used is lost.
Electric headlights of about $500
candle power are now in general use
on the railroads in Indiana. They
are very favorably spoken OF by en-
gineers.
The question OF a change in the po-
sition OF the earth's axis has led to-
some special refnements in the
method CT observing astronomical
latitudes, and expeditions are about
being fitted out in different countries
for the purpose OF making q series Of
latitude observations. The scientists
from this country will so to the Ha-
waiian islands.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-07-30
GLADST0NE'S CHILL.
A Difference Of Opinion as to Whether
1t is Serious.
EVICTION PROCEEDINGS AT HOMESTEAD
Chinese Revolt Against Exactions
Of Customs Officers.
GREAT STORM AT PrrTsBURG.
MIR. GLADSTONE HAS A CHILL.
Conflicting Statements as 10 Its serious
ness.

Conflicting Statements as TO Its Serious
ness.
LONDON. July So.-Mr. Gladstone, who ar.
rived in London on Wednesday. is suffering
from 81 ght cold and is confined to his bed.
Though lis attending physician has ordered
that Mr.. Gladstone shall not be allowed to arise.
be announces that his condition il not al all
serious. This morning Mr. Arnold Morely was
admitted to Mr.. Gladstone's room and had a
long conversation with him.
ANOTHER ACCOUNT.
Another account Of Mr.. Gladstone's illness is
this
Great CONSERVATION has been caused In the
liberal ranks BY the news Of Mr.. Gladstone's 9
illness, which, it IL feared. is serious. When
Mr. Gladstone arrived in London he looked
wen and hearty and his friends felt assured that
he would be able to take with firm hand the
relns of government. When il became known
today that Mr.. Gladstone was suffering from a
chill there was general surprise and anxiety.
ana the anxiety was increased when it became
known that visitors would not be received
various stories are afoat as TO the origin Of
his illness. 1t is stated that last evening while
talking with some friends he staggered and
nearly tainted. He WAS at once removed 10 a
lounge and soon afterward retired to rest This
morning his condition had not improved and
he showed symptoms of a serious chill. At
noon 1t was reported that Mr.. Gladstone was
still in bed
There is a general impression that he is more
seriously i'll than the public have been per-
mitted to know. Although the liberals are
evidently excited and apprehensive some Of
them are making an effort TO minimize the
Importance Of the leaders illness.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-07-30
ANSWER OF IRON HAIL.
One of the Supreme Oncers Say. Every
thing Has Been Honestly Conducted.

One of the Supreme Oncers Say. Every
thing Has Been Honestly Conducted.
PHILADELPHIA, July 30.-Mr +. ID. somerby,
supreme justice OF the Order Of the iron Hall.
could not be seen at his residence here last
evening, and . domestic stated that Mr..
Somerby was in the east somewhere and would
not return for about ten DAYS.
One OF the supreme officers Of the order ssid:
The information that an application has been
made for a receiver for our order does not
worry me in the least. as any one can mako
such an application; but there will be trouble
Tor the accuser when the matter comes up in
court. don't know who has caused this trou-
bic, but i am sure il has started from jealousy.
The allegations made against us st In
dianapolis, and IT will be "a difficult matter
to get ahead of us in an Indiana polls
court We have about 10000 members in
this country and Canada; we have paid
away about d, 6,s52.o 900 in sick and hnal
benehts, and we have over O. 900 900 left in
undoubted securities. There are about 5000
OF our members in Philadelphia organized into
sixty-fcur branches. Since our order was
started in 1881 we have conducted everything
on n square basis and have a clean record We
have several supreme officers here"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-07-30

The Exsctions OF Custom House oHcsss
Were Oppressive.

vIcrokrA. b. C., July so.--The Canadian Pa
eihe Company steamship Empress Of India
brings news Of q serious insurrection In Fst.-
chan, China, caused by the extortions Of the
Chinese customs officers. II seems that Gus
toms officers have recently been imposing fresh
exsctions upon the people until the capacity has
been exhausted and . general ami customs war
has been declared Many large commercial
houses suspended business and the streets were
crowded with excited people, vowius vengeance
upon the customs authorities. No ooats With
csrgoes were allowed Co land. Soldiers guard
the custom houses and had several encounters
with the people. On June - several people
were killed aud hundreds wounded. Fearing
that there would be n general looting Of the
town Consul General Waters. representing the
British government, sent TO Hong Kong for ss-
sistance and the gunboat Tweed was sent up.
Hong Kong advices 20 July 5 state the cocoon
crop In the silk district is reported 10 be very
plentiful this season.
rebellion in scehusn Is also reported, but
the report Is not vet confirmed. IL is stated
the authorities had sent troops against the
rebels, who were said 10 be u. 900 strong.