davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
A LETTER FROM THE NoRMANNIA.

Boston, Sept. 7.-Postmaster Hart received to-day
a letter from D. w. Fisher, president Of Hanover Col
lege, Ind, who Is quarantned on the Normannia In
New-YOrk HarbOr. lie is relative OF the post,
MASTER and Mr.. Fishers sons wife and child stay.
ing at Postmaster Harris house. The letter is a.
pended:
Dear Mr.. Hart-My only object in writing this
letter Is to set you all much possible
can that, In view Of the reports spread by the
newspapers, you may think that were keeping
back the truth from our own friends. OF course,
anxious and In measure distressed because Of
the unknown future Of our situation We have almOj no
fear Of the cholera. Among the cabin passenger
down to the present there has been no cholera, 50
far there Is really any evidence One man. almost
dead from diabetes. went to drinking and died week
ago. lie may have had q slight diarrhoea. We have
five or six physicians on board passengers, all but
the surgeon. They a committee OF sanitation.
have question that have had cholera chOlerno
among the seerage. They, with all their sick. were
removed yesterday. This morning three stokers are
sick: but while | write all that Ican be spared are
going of the quarantine on shore. We may still get
seven DAYS more, II there Is no more cases II
better to tell you the worst Nothing kept back
Yours very truly d. W. FISHER.
Quarantine, y. Y. Harbor, Sept. 5.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

among barbarous nations may mean shutting out and
letting alone but Christian America ought 70 Pu' "a
the pleasant weather holds, sickness may D hePt ~
bay for a time. In case of heavy wind or Of raln an
na es sse c n irns' will s s %
and pray that NewYork's escaPc $50"
eiolcr. may no. Longer o be purchased sas rS.
living and well, demand the removal from all danger
of Infection at the hands OF quarantine. Ihcy are
poweress to do for thGmseye, , m me noye sood
main food Unless we are provisoned today, 1t VIII
lie stil palmer. Tile stewards OF the second eaoin.
who compose the Normannas orches,rn, nave W1n
excused from further musical effort on our account
The poor fellows are sadly over-w0rheo. nn.s 70
true also OF the workers In the saloon oinng room'
The less elaborate menu Is welcomed 9y an o ,n u.s.
letters that Herr Professor Xaver Scharwenkn, the
great pianist and director OF the ; hs famT
Frau scharwenka charming Russian lacy ana .,r
one ON ' Of SSev,YorEs Four Hundred" invited;
Later We understand that SUNDAY ana Labor pay
TuI' in Ncw-YorEi 1.-THE better the day. the
better the deed is our way Of thnking-when sun.
on Saturday the dead lay awaiting the coming OF the
boat that came not. $780,, :.
What quarantine Let ul2se whose ous'ne ess IL
not only authority to and forbid, but adequate
means to deal hnmanely and Justly with the quar-,
antned In the port Oh York Inc he o. tno.efn
another. We have five fine physicians on board, ana
IN event OF sickness among the cabin ana saloon
all hope to survive this ordeal In spite OF qarnntlne
Every one is brave and trying to be cheerful. Tho
lex ara cai,d fer III hospitals. We have no dead.
Gods name be praised for all his merces toward us
1t was thankful company that gathered In The saloon
one OF THE one THOUSAND.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
TIE ROOF GARDEN TO CLOSE.

As the weather is growing rather cool
tanments high In the open air It has been decided
close the Madison Square Roof Garden with per.
ormance OF saturday night Extra attractions be
variety given there for the
last two nights The SeGl the amphitheatre
continue to be well attended, they will 20 on for
another week after this. The following programme VIII
be gwen this evening:
Overture and Festival Mlrch fom Queen OF Shcbaw
Goldmark
Selections from prophecy Meyerbee,
Poem-'IbhetOa' .SalntSaxpS
Serenade Moskowskf
Romance from "Huguenos' eyerbeer
Senior Anton.
falet Mustc-"Sylya- Debes
a. Cortege. c. PZzicati.
b. Slow Waltz d. RacrhanaI.
Irish Rhapsody new. Jsrhay,
'Bal Costume ... Rnhsnst I'm
a. tosaQne q Russenne "
..,.-,- D. Dances (Nslse, Polka Gaoppe).
Senior Anton.
Ovetturc-"Ihe Merry Wives OF WINDSOR. Ncolai
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
4 TALK WITH SECRETARY TRACY.
HE TELLS WHAT THE NAVY CAN AND CANNOT
DO IN THE MATTER.

Bel janin T. Tracy. the Secretary OF the Navy was In
his city Yesterday and he conferred with Dr. jenkins
over the telephone regard 20 the service that the Navy
Department could perform in connection with doing patrol
duty fading place for the detained cabin passen'
eors Oh some unaffected vessel Secretary Tracy was seen
the Gey House. and to reporter he said yesterday
afternoon:
Il expected 10 see Dr. jenkins this afternoon and tell
him Just wha, the Navy would and could DO 20 aid him in
keeping the cholera and In providing place to which
tho detained passengers BE- sent fast the ships
arryo IN port, The fact Of the matter Is that there Is
only one vessel that the Navy Department has in hand
that could be any service receiving ship for the
Messengers who reach here. That Is the apprenticeship
the Sew.Hanpshire. She has rooms and Is scarcely
NJ 70 accommodate men. to say nothing OF women All
tha, line Of sleeping accommodations Is
large cabin. which the boys sleep In hammocks.
hnk that the passengers should te away the
infected ships and my ida IL that Tow OF tho Sound
steamers could chartered for that purpose
%, the lying idle at Fall River. and the
ic.a occurred that It would be excellent plan
to hire them for while. and put the passengers from
the infected ships aboard OF them fast they reach
this Cruisers for that could not be used
the first place, there Ii for passengers and
there would be the danger OF spreading the disease
uiong the crew"
The Assistant Secretary Of the Navy. who In
General Trsys at the Gsey House last night sa
Jenkins with whom have been talking over the telc.
rhone this evening At o'clock the Narkeeta a zoo.
under the command o. Lieutenant Bell left Navy
Yard for whtestone TO do patrol duty along the
and the East River at the IT, The Lieutenant
pesmit from the iIcolth ohcer enter called today
% Mr Informed @ that OF on s Of SS bS. Sos AID
chartered by the Health Oniccr. II h. wanted IT, Tn,
u: suited for n" parpos Of y" Ei ta.eToos qua
from the ships That rach here from the Infected ports
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
OFFICIALS co DOWN TO TIE STEAMERS
AND DAUGHTER OK THE CITY or Nrv.vopv

SECRETARY CHARLES FOSTER SEES HIS WIFE.
AND DAUGHTER OK THE CITY OF NEw-yoRK
Secretary Charles Foster ex.sufgeon uaml
left the Fh Avenue Hotel early yesterday morning
down the Bay to await the arrival OF the CITY Of
NewYck Oh which are the Secrctarys wife and daughter
and the daughter Secretary Kusk. Dr. Jcnkin. cav,
pass to the secretary and DR.. Hamilton allowing the
cutter which they 20 alongside OF the
,tamshlp In there disease on board Of her
Immediately after the ship signacd that on board of
we'll the cutter alongside Secretary
roster, who seen at the Fifth Avenue Hotel last
night. said TO Tribune reporter:
Eyes; / did go down the Bay to-day and saw my
wife others the city OF Newly York They told ne
that they all WELL and were IN excellent health and
spirits"
''when the sccond-class passengers be
allowed 10 landr he asked.
II think that the Health Officer viii allow them to land
some time tomorrow There is disease OF any sort
board ship and do not think the passengers
VIII be kept board Of her much longer than that"
who else did you see on the ship when you ran along
side OF herr
whom 1 knew. Mr. Depew told me that he had a
speech all ready get OIL and he seemed be
restless because he could do So" said the Secretary
wiz. laugh lie added, however. In a more serious
tone. Mr Depew excellent health and spirits and
aid not seem 10 mind being kept board day II
necessary"
'Do you expect to Secretary Tracy regard to the
Quarantine mattcrl'
NO, do not Know OF any reason why should the
secretary. Everything Is working satisfactorily now.
know OF reason why 1 should see him."
"will you remain In town much longer after to.mor
row In case the passengers are landed then ~
mo- there 10 no reason why should stay here any
longer than then at any rate but OF course will stay
until my wife and daughter are landed"
Dr. Hamilton who wa with Secretary Foster st the
time said to the reporter would not make formal
report to the Secretary. had been supposed .Ihe
secretary has been with day." said .and
things NJ we hay md
need OF making formal report to him The Secretary
OF the Navy to-day has ordered u Navy Yard tug up the
Sound To patrol the sound near willcus Point That
wise thing d. -
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
TIE CASE OF THE MARY SANFORD.

Washington, Sept. 7.-Acting Secretary Spa'llding
to-day received the following telegram from the Col
lector OF Customs at Wilmington n. c.:
The American schooner Mary Sanford. all well,
laden with Portland cement is at this port, having
sailed from Hamburg July 81. Masters wife, pas
senger, wishes to proceed home with baggage. Certif
cate OF quarantine physicians reads: Vessel has
been thoroughly cleaned and fumigated' What
shall this Office dol Shall inquiry be made to what
Is meant BY fumigauonl Shall the experience Of the
Marine Hospital surgeon stationed at this port be
called into service In order that intelligent action may
be takcnl"
The Acting Secretary replied to the collector By tee
graph, as follows SCHOONER Mary sanford comes
within exception in Department circular Of the LIST
Inst. Consult with local health officers and Marine
Hospital Surgeon and be governed By their advice
This vessel Is excepted from the general require
ment Of Il twenty days quarantine because she Ihs
the OF the issue OF the Presidents order
esDtember |.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

Battle the FACE and HANDS when
heated, the HEAD when hot and
aching, the FEET when tired and
swollen, with PONDS EXTRACT.
It is healing, cooling, refreshing;
quickly reducing any inflammation,
speedily inducing sleep. Unequaled
for insect bites.
Manufactured only by Ponds Extract Co.,
10 Fifth Ave-, New-York Refuse substitutes.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
NEW CASES OF CHOLERA.
Continued irst Page.

terrible position. Do scalze that they mus
feel almost like condemned prisoners awaiting eHe
cution What would do II our friends or rela
tives were among them No RELIEF mas ye. oI In
given while the number Il increasing. tne agony pe
coming more intense, and only a few ovef"orh .h
officials stand between them and horTi0le o Van
moro to-day To convert sandy Hook which nag rOVI
for the establishment Of scores OF Isolated iont nun
hand, Into a quarantine. The Government ana e"'e
send tents. -. .u,oa ,,hoeo
managers. used 10 graphing with enersen,a.es VIII VIII
dsys ~ q he nossbie Then let one hundred ply
sicsns and be sent whatever the cost, 20
I'D the officials Volunteers can give their MINES
likewise to-day. Hamburg to save Few 'Sousand
dollars has lost millions. Can New-forK sM0r1 10
lose It's hll trade by temporzngf AClloN'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
THREE STEAMERS DETAINED AT LEWIS. DEL

Iewes, Del, Sept Three steamers were
detained mt the Federal Quarantine ut tho Delaware
Ircakwaer this morning. They are the Illinois.
which arrived from Antwerp late last night with a
large number OF passengers the freight steamer Kate
Fawcctt from Hamburg August IL. and the steamer
Kate from Marseillcs ana Cartmgcna August 10. The
Illinois this morning displayed signals announcing
that all well on board She has first cabin
passengers but brings cargo OF steerage passengers
TO the number OF over 500. drawn from various quar-
tiers of Europe. None of them. however, are from
Hamburg
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
NO CHOLERA on THE STEAMER INDIA.

Buffalo. y. Y, sept. THE report from Detroit
that there WAS "A case Of Asiatic cholera OH the
steamer India was without foundation. On the
arrival OF the steamer this morning she was boarded
outside the harbor BY the Health Commissioner. who
found that the case wns that OF elshtmonths old
child who had died from simple cholera infantum
There was 10 other sickness on board.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

having been made that wind and tide have brought
over here barrels and bedding cast overheard by the
choerainfected vessels the Board Of Health OF TINS
place held special meeting to-day to consider the
subject DR.. II. A. IIendr.cbson presided 1t was
resolved have patrols and of shore, and to burn
In the night all Objectionable objects found noating
Notices will be posted warning all jewellers along VIZ
shore against taking bedding other material
brought by the waves. under a penalty. NO alarm
prevails among the people here
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
TIE WE4 TIER REPORT.
SHOWERS WORKING THEIR WAY F.

SHOWERS WORKING THEIR WAY EASTWARD
Washington, sept 1.-Showcrs have fallen over the laks
regions, the South Atlantic and t;ulf at and In
the Northwest The high pro area with its aG-
tendant cool WEATHER has moved Ohio Valley To
tho eastern lake region and Western NewEngland Tho
storm trough that covered the region from the sa,kateh
evan valley to South Dakota last evening is centred
this evening over Kansas and Colorado. The cloud and
On area covers the lake and the Western and
Northwestern States north Of the forteth parallel The
temperature has fallen in db trict covered by ths
efe GUY mas risen slightly clseMhcre except slgh6
IN New England aud the south. Atlantic Coast Show.
cry weather VIII continue he States north OF the
Iortet parallel except clearing In the Sor,a.
west me rain area Spreading sgaty and
ward by Thursday night, taking the Central MI s,slpp
and Ohio valleys and portions oil New.Engand wv
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS AT BOSTON.

Boston, sept THE Board Of Health today issued
the following order another precautionary measure
against cholera: "On and after this date all vessels
arriving az this port from anv British American port
with passengers board. sbal stop at the quarantine
station 40 such vessel shall proceed. nor shall her
cargo or any part thereof he discharged. nor any
person be allowed 10 90 on board or leave her while
Fort Physician"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
sTAGNANT WATER IN THE TONES.

When It was feared that the cholera would reach
this country the Commissioners Of Charities determined
to ascertain the sanitary condition OF every public
Institution in the city and asked the wardens TO make
a report. The warden Of the Tombs Informed the
commissioners yesterday that the cellar OF that prison
WAS full Of stagnant water. The matter will be
turned over to the supervisor Of the board OF cngi
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
MISS POTTER DYING ON LA BOURGOGNE-
A SISTER OF BISHOP POTTER SUFFERING WITH
CANCER on THE FRENCH STEAMER.

Philadelphia. sept. Miss Potter sister OF Bishop
Potter 4, detained In the New York Quarantine on
board the steamer La Bourgogne, OF the French Line.
Mis-, Potter has been In i'll health for II long tlme'
suffering from cancer. and went abroad early In the
summer In the hope that the sea voyage would prove
henencaI Her relatives have received word from the
ships surgeon that Miss POtters condition Is pre-
carions and that her death Is but matter OF ie"
days.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
Reed & Barton
SOLID SILVER.
81 Union Square.
customs officials expecting orders to fumigats
all baggage and immigrants effects.
HEALTH OFFICERS AT PORTLAND. MI
81 Union Square.

HEALTH OFFICERS AT PORTLAND, ME.
Portland, Me-, Sept. 7.-Messrs Mccormick, OF Ken.
lucky; Baker, Of Michigan; Brice, Of Canada, and
Watson, Of New-Hampshlre Of the International Con.
ference Of Health Boards, arrived here to-day and
accompanied by the local Board Of Health, they this
afternoon made an Inspection Of Portands arrange.
ments for fighting cholera. They found quaran
tine facilities here and gave advice to methods Of
procedure in the event OF the appearance Of the
disease.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
FORECAST IN DETAIL FOR TO.n.y

For New England, fair. except showers In Vermont;
slightly warmer tae coast variable winds
FOR Eastern NewYork, fair except shower, in the
north; slightly warmer; variable winds
For Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey Delaware,
Maryland and Virginia fair slightly warmer; e,.tery
winds SN'"
For Florida. occasional blowers: slightly warmer
fcr western New-fork, showers In the west.
showers. ~ "''''''
For Ohio, Indiana and Illinois showers slightly warner
In the NORTH 7'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
CANADIAN NAIL WILL BE FUMlGATED.

Washington sept 7.-Postmaster-Gcneral Wanna
maker has received telegram from the Postmaster
General Of Canada stating that all mail matter
ceved I'm Canada from foreign countries or arriving
from any point In Canada where cholera may develop
viii be thoroughly fumlgatcd before being sent to the
Cuited states.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
CHRISTIANS MAssAcRED IN CHINA

London, sept. "A dispatch 10 The Times, from
shanghai that European missionary and a mum.
Der OF native Christians have been massacrcd in
the Province OF Shensi. The bodies OF the victims
mutilated by the mob.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

FUMIGATING MAILS FROM CANADA.
Troy. N. Y, Sept THE work OF umgating all
mails from Canada begun Monday at Rouse's
Point. tight box Is used for the purpose. The
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08
DRINK
POLAND WATER.

Get system In healthy before cholera comes. In
do'sed by medical faculty. being the puest water in the
y->sA.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

TO PATROL NE NEWJERsEY SHORE.
Atlantic Highlands. ~ j., sept. 7.-Complalnts
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

Hish. de Furniture
can he had for lcast money at FLlNT'S,
l0<, 1oe and l0e West 14th-st.. near 6th-avs.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

In this diagram continuous white line shows the
changes pressure, Indicated The Tribune self.
ling barometer The broken line represents the tenn
peiatue a. obser, ed at Pcry's Pharmacy.
Tribune once. Sept. =. a. m.-Clear weather pre-
vailed yesterday with tight northwesery beezes shifting
southwesterly. Humidity registered only .07 In the
morning aud so at evening. The temperature rsnga
between 81 and II degrees. the CeS being 90
lower than the corresponding day last year and 20
lower than on Tuesday. midnight however the mef'
stood degrees higher than 81 hours before -,
In and near this city to-day there viii probably ="
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-09-08

TRIBUNE LOCAL OBSERVATIONS.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1892-04-21
CHURCH STATISTICS.

TIR total income of the Church Of
England is about 81 100000 week.
TIE total revenue of the charitable
institutions having their headquarters
in London amounted last year to over
100000 sterling-or, to be precise, Co.
O6O, 763.
THE death of Maria c. Robbins Mt
brooklyn, N. Y, will enrich various re-
liSious and other charitable institutions
to thecXtent of $4,000, 600, that being the
amount devised by her for such pur-
poses as come within their scope.
BISHOP TAYLoR's "self-supporting
missions" in Africa received, last year,
sao,35o.90, and expended about the same
amount. Bishop Taylor has just been
on hasty trip to London to complete
arrangements for the building of new
steamer for the Kassai river, to enable
the missionaries to reach the populous
and healthy regions beyond.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1892-04-21
THIS BUSY AGE.

Swiss authorities are arranging for
experiments with carrier pigeons in con-
nection with the postal service.
RAILWAY enterprise i'll Japan is MAX
ing considerable Roadway. At the end
OF this month there will be about gro
miles of railway in the country.
AN engineer on the Missouri Pacific
has invented coat of mail so contrived
that when Il man is held up by robbers
he can discharge n revolver while both
hands arc confined above his head.
1r is estimated that the so long-lis-
lance lines which the American Bell
Telephone Company is putting up be-
tween New York and Chicago will con-
sumo s.5aG tons of copper, while the
total length of the wire will be $4,000
miles
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1892-04-21
NOTABLE NAMES.

RIcnAn RID WAGNER left his autobiog-
raphy with Ferdinand Praeger, to be
published when his son Siepfriei
reached his majority. Sicgfried is now
twonty-one' and the autobiography will
soon appear.
THE artist Healy, now in this conn.
try says that he was present at the
hermitage when Andrew Jaclxson died
lie was there ut the time engaged in
painting portrait of Gen. Jacl<son,s
daughtcr-in-law.
1T is said of Bismarck that no
sprinkles his conversation, which is Mt
all times interesting and sometimes
epigrammatic, with choice and peril
nent extracts from Shakespeare, of
whose works he is especially fond"
a STORY is told by Mrs. Elizabeth
Akers Allen. the author of .sRocl< Nc
to Sleep, Mother" 1.-The words had
been set to music long before l ever
heard them sung" She says. ''Onc day
on the street was electrified by hear
ing a small gamin warbling most music
ally the words of my poem"
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1892-04-21
PROMINENT WOMEN.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE finds the
grippe making it hard for her, at the
age of ~.
ROSE ELIZABETH CLEVELAND is about
to write book on Egypt, and has gone
to that far-off country in search of ma
tcrial.,
Miss MADDEN has travelled 1000 miles
horseback on her mission for the lcpcrs
of Siberia. She has secured 81, 1000 for
Il hospital.
AN American, Mrs. G. NJ Harris, for
many years resident of Venice, was
present at forty-nine battles and Skin
mishes of the civil war as nurse.
Mrs. RUDYARD K1pLING is described
as tall, very slender and pronounced
brunette. Her long, dark hair is
combed straight back from handsome
forehead and smoothly balanced about
an exceedingly well shaped head. Her
eyes are superb, large, dark and
lustrous, with intelligent fires of cx-
preston that never fail to charm and
interest those she meets.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1892-04-21
CREATURES BIG AND LITTLE.

SPIDERS are seven times stronger in
proportion than lions.
ANIMAL life ceases to exist in the
ocean at a depth of one and a half miles.
TIE pig has forty-four teeth, the dog
has forty-two, and mankind only thirty
two.
GRAssHorPERs attain their greatest
size in South America. where they
grow to the length of five inches and
their wings spread out ten inches.
FARMER at Condah, Victoria, while
cutting thistlcs a few weeks ago killed
large brown snake measuring five feet
nine inches. On being dissectcd it was
found to contain tiger snake three
feet four inches in length.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1892-04-21
ENTERPRISE AND INDUSTRY

PAPER is made from cotton seed.
FORGE and gun company at San
Francisco will employ 1000.
STEEL mandatory in Pennsylvania
recently turned out ,0OT American tons
of rails in twenty-four hours.
TIE ribbon manufacturers of the
United States are combining. with a
capital of 32O,OOO,OO
THE total production OF salt in the
United States last year was 1920, 900
barrels. Michigan produced four-tcnths
of it.
RECENT improvements in wire draw
ing have made it possible to draw plati-
mum and silver into wire that is finer
than human hair.
THREE-oUARTERs of the entire manu-
featuring capital of the United States,
or six thousand million of dollars, is
directly or indirectly based upon pat
entS