Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-12-20
MANUFACTURER
4 SIMPLE EXPLANATION
ARTIFICIAL ICE q y. 70

chimes Very Clearly Set
Factor That Heat Il i. -, 'a-ll|
The Part That rrs..ur. p,.,. .''s -
The principle on which n.
~ M. ssu z exemplifed ii ~ ss,l
q neat INTO the conversion !, III u. rlsta))
gas steam. a certain alnonns wNist I'M
required Tor the conversion I, 4. lsat III
INTO y gas This heat becoIne. Ivy say Ovid
iatent-thnt Il, is being emn, ls, ~ Msnt]|
time in producing violent p,',' 10 is]
the gas molecules. atiM, n
Whenever liquid il con...
/, gas, heat must come from son, ssssQ lnlo 4
the making OF steam II ce,..s1 'eeIe II
nrei IN the ordinary evaporation 2 VI VI
water out Of doors it comes fr seua q VI
When there Is no special hpatira 'le VI
ment, put the conditions arr X sss a'laap
the gaseous change in the 0uid gH.als
be taken up from snrroundino .' neat sll]
II they have any. suostaaus|
II you dip your hand in w.t.. w
wave 1t through the air Tic !. ana iAss
evaporate-that is, be conyerta., r ,'
and you will appreciate bv a. . 'n.o gzs q
s,oh 'ia1 neat mas been abstracts, ', j,
your hand II you use instead s', = lae
some fiuld which more readily nss = Nass
the gaseous state, such AS alcohol q ~ ~
the sensation OF GOODNESS will IS ~, = s'ae
mediate and intense. N 'aofe n
Now this is the principle wh;ah !,
piied III the manufacture ~ t.,
MUD which evaporates readilv L se1s
do so under such conditions thss ,n N
wnicn y must have and render lss A. w ], 1
us vapor VIII be extracted from Y I' NM
quantity OF water, and this PROCESS .a s.
MADE continuous, so much heat Viii l,1 a. nv "
De distracted from the water that y. a s
cules can no longer stay mobila ~. e y ,'o's
gether into crystals-the water frss 49, = i
The evaporating fluid used Il NJ, NJ
may be sulphuric ether or sulpbm,apn ,ss'a
or ammonia. The last Is nerI,a,ss Aad
days most often used These as;s ivy
Kept IN strong, close pipes and rte ~ Z
and can under no conditions come in,a Y
tact with the water to be frozen, w ~
suppose we consider the ammon;a 4.
ing machines very briefly onl,. for irt I'M
details OF the process it il not necesss'. y
us here to enter.
but In order to understand tbjs o,..
ton one more physical principle r,n slt1s
stated, which is that the degree ~ ~.
to which substance Is exposrd H. ss s''''
innuence upon the temperature at wb;ss
1t passes from the fluid to the gaseo,s s -
dltion. Water at the ordinary altitnSs,
botls--that Is, is converted into yann,~,,
100 dogs centigrade (2l2degs. Fabrenh.;'
But OH a high mountain it viii ho;I i.
lower temperature than this, beca,se X.
atmospheric pressure is less there.
On the other hand, ii you n,,t 4 oos ID,
a receiver, and expose il to a suificjsn,'.
heavy pressure by a powerful pnmp Or i,
some other way. it will in most cases h 1
come fluid forthwith, and the heat viii.
had been latent in it will he given an
Now this in a general way is what ia aon, /
to the ammonia in getting it ready !.
freeze the water. Pure LIQUID ammoai, !
boils-that is, passes from the LIQUID iu,a
the gaseous state--at u Temperature alya,,
240 dogs Fahrenheit lower than wstg
does. Hence ammonia il a substance ,rh;sh
at ordinary temperature is gas. Tia;
which we buy at the drug stores as an.
monia is simply a solution of the ga, n
water, and from this, as every one knows
it is readily given off. 1t is volatile tbsg
is, it tends under ordinary condition, Ia
get into the gaseous form.
Now in ice factories powerful ennins
are used to force the ammonia gas by
pressure into he liquid state and The heal
which is thus set free is carried off by coil
water pouring over the coils of stoltiru
pipe in which it is confined. This fluid /
ammonia-kept fluid by the pressure 10
which it is subjected. pressure varying
from l25 to 115 pounds to the square incl
is carried in pipes TO coils in the freei I
ing tanks. These tanks are simply gral
watts filled with brine and covered oytr
with floor. Into this brine, cans filled
with the water to be frozen are placed and
carefully covered. These cans are USUALLY
between three and four feet deep, abort
one foot thick and nearly two feet wide
Coils of pipe communicating with iis
ammonia pipes are immersed in the brine
which is kept in motion by paddle wheek
moved by machinery.
The brine acts as carrier OF the heat 4
from the water in it's tight metallic cans
to the ammonia pipes. Brine is usedbe
cause it does not as readily freeze as wata
does and acts as a good conductor or dis
tributor Of the heat.
Now, when all is ready, the fluid an
monia under its great pressure is allowed
to escape into the coils of pipe which
pass about in the brine, and in which ttt
pressure is so much less that the ammonia
as it rushes in becomes at once gas. But
to do this it must have heat. 1t must have
it. From the walls of the pipes into which
it rushes it seiSes it first. These takef
from the brine which battles them until
its temperature goes down, down, aud u
begins to draw through their iron Hall'
upon the heat stock of the water IL las
cans. And so the mimic but relenties'
warfare goes on. The ammonia vapors
pumped away from the cOa
pipes in which it had expanded to be usa
over again, while fresh liquid ammonlas
as constantly forced in from behind
Some hours pass, and the heat stoekl
the water is growing scantier and scahlit'
1t can stand it in this way but little Longer
it is down well nigh to zero centlgram
and the wild, Unsuitable vapor ragingi&
heat in the pipes not far off is still suckiss
it away. The only thing which can =
lone now to furnish more is for the wax
TO give up its latent heat, and tha'ss
sign it's own death warrant as water W.
II one may use such turn OF pnf29
without its latent heat water is ice,
The ice layers on all sides slowly thles'1l
and at last, in about sixty hours al
solid The watchful attendant raises WI
4 crane the great beautiful ice BLOCK, ssa
n it's galvanized iron can, out OF hs ~
oath, and trundles it off to make way 4
mother molecular battle and another
.ory.-T. Mitchell Prudden in Hsrpers