davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
RlOTlNG, NOT TREASON.
The Attorney of the Arrested Homestead
Sirillers Ont Ii es the leiensc.

The Attorney of the Arrested Homestead
strikers OutliHes the Defense.
PITTsBU RGB, Pa, Oct 3-W. J. Bren.
nan, attorney for the defendants, said
this morning in reference to the arrests
of the advisory committeeman for trea-
son: Il do not believe that the charge
will ever be sustained, because there
was no element of treason in the
acts of the men. There must be q
general purpose to destroy and re-
sist all rightful legal authority,
The single act of an individual or of a
mob of men in a case like we have had
at Homestead is described by the laws
of the state us riot and as the acts Of
mob 1t was wrong for the strikers to
prevent men from entering the works
at Homestead, and it was wrong for
them to enter them, and nobody on
earth regrets it now as much as they
do. But treason was farthest from
their thoughts. They will never be
convicted on that charge"
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
VAMPIRES FEAST.


New YORK, Oct THE Vampires
held their second death watch" Sun
day night at Sixth avenue and Forty
ninth street. The Vampires are in New
York what the members of the White
chapel club are to Chicago. Their club
room presents II most ghastlv appear
auce during the sessions of the club.
Sunday night a grinning skeleton of
Christopher Columbus leaned up in one
corner Of the room and skulls hung
from every chandelier. In the center
OF the room was coffin, and at its head
Il cross and candelabra, and at its foot
an ear Of corn standing on end. A
large vampire, with Furnished wings
and big red eyes, perched on a steel
slack wire, holding skull i'll its beak,
and when Chief Ghoul John NJ. Turner
tapped the club skull with his cross
bones gavel the vampire slid along the
wire and let an awful whoop. No one
was permitted to enter the dining room
until he had drained glass of whisky
and smoked Iara cigar The menu
card was allegorical and on one side
was picture of the chief ghost climb
ing out of a coffin in order to reach the
fpaSt
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
JOHN L. SULLIVAN
Thinks He Was Drugged and Wants ia
Have Another Bout with Corbctt.

Hnfe Another Bout with Corbctt,
BosToS, Oct. 4.-Ex-Champion Johu
l.. sullivan is not satisfied with the out
come of the battle at New Orleans, ir
which he was defeated by James j. Cor
bett, of California. The big fellow Is
inclined to believe that he was tamper
ed with by some INSCRIPTIONS parties
TO whom Sullivan victory would have
meant their financial ruin.
1t is said to mis- most intimate friends
Sullivan complained bitterly of his
treatment, and declares his intention to
save his money and back himself
against Corbett. He declares that he
can defeat "Pompadour JIM and re-
gain the title of champion of the world,
# he is permitted to go into the ring a
sound man. such as he believes himself
to have been when he left Canoe Place
on the eth of last August.
He was seen in his dressing-room at
the theater before the curtain went up
for the first act of Capt John l.. Har-
court, or the Man From Boston," and
questioned concerning the reports.
There was fire in the ex-champion's
eyes when he exclaimed
D., Il am saving money now with reso-
ute determination to challenge Corbett
30 fight again and give Inc a chance to
win back the money that was stolen
from me in New Orleans
"By stolen, do you mean that you
were drugged?" "There was some
thing wrong. am not making any
direct charges just now, but that was
not right well know, After the first
round could see half dozen Corbetts,
and, as good man as Corbett is, |
don't believe that he or any one else
living can stand up and fight me twenty
one rounds without being hit. There
was a scheme nfoot to break what
seemed to the pool-room men dead
sure combination-McAulitfe, Dixon
and Sullivan. The book-makers took
| chances on one or the other of the first
two to fall down, but they were mis-
taken, McAuliffc and Dixon got away
with their men, and it was Sullivan
who must be made to fail to break the
heavily played combination.
"Well, | failed, and I'm not satisfied
with the result by a long ways. In a
short while | may be able to tell some
thing interesting, but just now de-
cline to mention names or to go into
further particulars as to what propose
| to do"
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
A WILD ELEPHANT
Terrorizes People Down In Texas aId De-
fcs Capture.

Terrorizes People Down In Texas aId De-
fes Capture.
Cons ICANA. Tex. Oct. T. The reported
capture of the small elephant belong
ing to Lemens Bros circus, which
escaped from its keepers when they
showed at Athens, was incorrect AT
last accounts it had outrun all the fleet
est horses that had been brought into
requisition to aid in its capture, and
was tearing through the Trinity river
bottoms. creating havoc with barbed
wire ana other fences, and carrying
CONSERVATION to the farmers in that
vicinity, who We're frightened almost
to death, and were fleeing from their
homes to places of refuge. despite the
assurances of the circus men who are
following it that it would do them nc
harm. They say that it is wild now as
when taken from its native African
Jungle.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
BOLD ATTEMPT
To Rob the' Keystone National
Bank, of Erie, Pa.
Four Desperate Young Men, Who Were
Broke, the Robbers.
A Plucky Cashier aud Clerk Prevent the
Job-The Former Seriously Wounded
The Would-Be Robbers Caught
and are Landed In jail.

ERIE, Pa, Oct. -Four young men,
ranging in ages from 20 to 25, armed to
the teeth, entered the Keystone nation
al bank Monday afternoon and ordered
Cashier Frank V. Kepler and Clerk
Charles Licbel to throw up their hands.
The cashier, instead Of complying read
lily, began to protect the cash, when
ore of the men John Courtney began
firing on him. At the same moment
Charles w. HawleY fired on Liebel,
while Daniel L. Evans and Charles
Smith covered the doors and back
Offices While Kepler rushed up with
heavy weight to brain his as.
salient, ne received a shot in the
face which felled him. Courtney
emptied a revolver at the PROSTATE
cashier, who recovered sufficiently to
drag himself to the vault and slam the
door Although empty-handed, the
bank robbers rushed out, and liberating
team, started it madly down the
street, thereby diverting the attention
OF the people till they ran almost a
square John Seidler, a pedestrian,
had heard the shots. and, seeing the
men run, followed, keeping them in
sight till Patrolman William Doehrel
came up in buggy. Doehrel closed
up on the fleeing burglars.
As he gained on them they opened
fire on him, but missed their mark.
When within a few rods the officers
ordered the quartet to halt, and, being
wounded, they obeyed and threw ur
their hands.
The officer, with the assistance oi
Seidler, brought the prisoners back,
although threats of lynching rang ir
their ears, When searched ten revolv.
crs were found. All but two were
loaded. The bank robbers admitted
their crime, and said they were broke
and had determined, after making ar
unsuccessful attempt to get bogus
check cashed to rob the bank.
Smith and Evans declared they were
novices and had only joined the other:
in Syracuse last week, after robbing q
store. Their satchels contained bur
glars outfits. Keplers wound is not
necessarily fatal, although his condition
is serious
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
BIG SCHEME
To Build u Four-Trac Railway From
Chicago to New York.

COLUMBUS. O., Oct A company has
been incorporated under the laws
Of Ohio which proposes to con-
meet New York and Chicago
with four-tracll railway The com.
pany proposes to make the line as di-
rect as possible and it will pass through
the following counties in Ohio: Trum.
bull, Mahoning, Portage, Summit,
Cuyahoga, Medina. Lorain, Erie, San
dusliy, Ottawa, Wood, Lucas, Henry,
Fulton and Williams.
The capital stock of the company is
500, 900, to be increased to SIS, 900, 900.
The name of the new company is the
New York and Chicago Short Line.
rhc incorporators are John Jay Nc
clvey, of New York city: John Nc
elvey, Henry Il. Huntington, Charles
A. Judson and w. " Latham, of San
dusky. @.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
FRANK COOLEY DEAD.
The Famous Outlaw Shot and Killed by
sbariN's pns-e


UNIONTowN, Pa, Oct, 8 Frank
Cooley, the leader OF the famous Cooley
outlaw band, was shot and killed Sun.
day at his fathers home by posse un.
der Sheriff Mccormick, of Fayettc
county. Cooley has been in the habit
of spending his Sundays at the old
homestead, and Sheriff Mccormick,
hearing Of this, quietly had the place
surrounded Saturday night.
Frank Cooley and his pal Ramsey ar
rived during the night, and Sunday the
attempt was made to capture them.
The outlaws tried to escape and the
posse fired, killing Cooley instantly,
Ramsey, however, succeeded in get
ting away. There is great rejoicing in
| Fayettc county over Cooley's death, as
it is believed that the band will now be
| broken up.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
7=-====-=-=-
MM.t Serve One Year.

ROCHESTER, N. v, Oct. AT the
court of Oyer and Terminer, which
opened its session here Monday, James
Hughes master workman Of the Ma
tional Trades Assembly No. ?3l, X. of
H., Garment Workers of America, was
ordered to serve term of one year in
the Monroe county penitentiary on a
sentence for extortion pronounced
against him in June 1891.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

UNIoSrowN, Pa, Oct, 4---,Jacll Ram
sey, the pal of Frank Cooley, who was
killed by Sheriff McCormicll's posse
SUNDAY evening, was captured near
Fair Chance Monday morning and is
now in Jail, 1t is believed that since
the death of Cooley and the capture of
Ramsey the remainder of the gang will
disperse and leave the country.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
CHURCH GLEANlNGS.

MARY ScorT belacathrd $1,000 to the
Methodist hospital OF Philadelphia to
cndow q memorial ted,
The bishop of London has appointed
diocesan lay readers with the right to
preach IN parish churches.
TnE memorial fund for the benefit of
the institutions founded by Charles
Spurgeon has reached $4,000,
Tnh tlfare f'rntestnnt Eplseopal
rhwrvh, NEW York, In buIl,I|Hv n eap, ,ucu
l.omc for ngsd ,ren and women nnd
little children,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

WASHINGTON, Oct 3. 3.-Secretary Tracy
has issued general order commanding
and making public acknowledgment of
the important services rendered by the
officers and enlisted men of the navy
and Others during the disastrous fire at
the Mare Island navy yard, San Fran.
cisco. June Is last at which II persons
were instantly killed by the explosion
of ammunition.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

CoEs1CANA. Tex, Get. B. Contrary TO
general expectation, Col. Mills is very
little if any better, and is not yet abe
20 leave his bed. His engagements to
speak at different points in the state
have all been Cancelled. 1t is not likely
that he will be heard again during the
campaign in Texas, and his physicians
advise him to cancel all his northwest
ern and eastern engagements
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
After Bank Presidents.

New YORK, Oct. 4-The green goods
men are now tackling the country bank
presidents. Henry Clews Monday got
an indignant letter from the president
Of the Farmers bank at Brooklyn,
Mich, asking that some measures be
taken against the senders of a letter
and circular from New York, indorsing
the usual bad green goods literature,
and the banker was invited by the
writer to communicate with w. John.
son Stamford Conn
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
Elacl<smiths Meet,

INDIANAPOLIS, Oct, 4.-The Interna-
tional Brotherhood Of Blacksmiths met
in annual convention here Monday.
Sixty-eight unions are represented
with 1 800 membership. Monday night
there was joint meeting with the ma
chinists and boiler makers looking to
federation
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
Babe His Evecutioners Welcome.

DuNsMIR, Cal, Oct. 81. D. Smith, a
carpenter, while intoxicated shot and
killed his wife and cut the throat of his
six-year-old daughter A mob took
Smith from officers who were on their
way to Redding with him, and hanged
him, after he had thanked them foi
their proposed action, which he said he
welcomed
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
rnrrer Gnttlich Sentenced.

New YORK, Oct. 4.-llenry Gottlieb
the lawyer, convicted of forgery in
general sessions, was sentenced to five
years in state prison by Recordei
Smyth monday. Gottlieb fully expect
ed to get ten years, and left the court
room in cheerful mood, He was {
disgrace to the bar, and there was NJ
room for sympathy or clemency, thu
recorder said, in passing sentence.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
d. lees Cholera Treatment

HAMBURG, Oct. 3.-Dr Elmer Lee, tho
Chicago physician, is in this city for
the purpose of putting his treatment for
cholera into practical operation. Prof.
Virchow, in speaking of the flooding
system employed by DR. Lee, said that,
in his opinion, the Chicago physician
was using the very nearly true treat
ment,
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
THE YELLOWSTONE SPRINGS.
Changes In the Appearance OF the Colored
Terraces at the National Park.

Terraces at the National Park.
Visitors to the Yellowstone national
park who return after an absence of a
year or more are generally surprised
by finding that many changes have oc-
cured in the appearance of the
colored terraces at the Mammoth hot
springs. Indeed such alterations occur
sometimes in period OF a few weeks.
The terraces consist Of series of
basins, each set being few feet lower
than its predecessor, and the hot water
from the springs at the top OF the
terraces flows from basin to basin,
depositing its challty sediment at the
rims, where evaporation is most rapid
and thus slowly building them up.
Whenever the now of water con-
tinues constant for considcrnb BILE
time, the fluted edges and sides of tina
basins become beautifully colored.
The variegated hucs are mainly due
to vegetable matter, and so if the flow
Of water ceases these bright colors
rapidly fade, leaving the terraces milk
white In little while the edges and
walls Of the dry basins begin to crum-
bic, and the most beautiful forms dis
appear in white dust aud challilillc
fragments.
One of the favorite terraces at the
not springs, called the Minerva ter
race, exhibits these changes in a
marked degree, because of its con-
spicuous position.
Sometimes, owing to failure of the
flow of water, the Minerva terrace
parts with its splendid colors, and re-
sembes n set of tluted basins carved
out of snow white marble But when
the water begins to run freely again
the colors return with all their former
vividness and beauty.
The changes in the flow Of the water
seem to depend, in part at least, upon
conditions prevailing in the heated
rocks underlying the wonderful ter.
races. Youths Companion.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
One of Turner's Gang Dead.

LANCASTER, Ky, Oct. Slack Chat
tcrwood. who was shot by the sheriff. S
posse in pursuit of Franl, Turner three
weeks ago, died Saturday morning. lie
was member OF the Turner gang
and an escaped convict. The wound
from which he died was made in the
right hip by 3lcaliber Winchester
rife ball. A coroncr's inquest will be
held
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

PHILADELPHIA, Oct 3.-The filing Of
a bill in equity against the order of
Pente, a short term get rich quick
order has FASTENED its downfall. The
general convention of the order was to
have been held Monday, and a plan Of
reorganization presented Now, how
ever, the supreme officers have decided
to make an assignment Monday instead
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
A Pardon Pleadprs' Convention

CHICAGO, Oct 3.-A convention Of
delegates representing 2S5 state socie-
ties and membership OF over 20 900
was held here Sunday to take action
toward securing the pardon of Oscar
Neebe, Michael Schwab and Saml
Fielden, who are serving life sentences
for their connection with the Hay.
market massacre
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
photographers Talking Damage Suit

CEDAR RAPIDS, Oct. S.-Three strik-
ing telegraph operators, against whom
the company failed to appear after hav-
ing them arrested, will sue the COM
pany for damages. The operators on
the Rock Island road, which is said to
control the Burlington, Cedar Rapids &
Northern, may be called out soon.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

CINCINNATI, Oct 4.--To Jack Shipley.
a carriage maker employed at the Fa-
vorite carriage works belongs the credit
of accomplishing the; feat of eating
three dozen eggs in almost us many
minutes. 1t was done on a Mnger
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

TOPEKA, Kan, Oct. ii. w. Briden-
thai, chairman of the peoples party
central committee, arrived in town Sun
day night The populist executive is
inclined to laugh at his arrest for vio-
lating the state banking law and has
an air Of easy confidence when speaking
about the campaign.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

THE French actor Got has amasSed
a fortune of 6,OOO, 900 francs during his
long professional life at the Theatre'
Francois. When he retires from the
stage in 1904. he will have been con-
nected with that theater for SO years
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
4 Female Smupoler.

NFw YORK, Oct. S-Mrs Mary F.
Slater, of st. Louis, was passenger on
the steamship City of Berlin, which got
in from Liverpool The customs in.
spectors seized trunk among her bag.
gage, which contained large quantity
of dutiable goods and took it to the
custom-house.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

CHATTANOOGA, Oct. 4-The Tennes-
see river has fallen to foot 81 inches.
All traffic on the river is suspended.
From Bridgeport to Decatur the river is
open, but no boats are running above
that point Five boats are moored here
at the island at present
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
4 Crayed Striker.

BUFFALO, n. Y, Oct 4.-John f.
Newman, one of the leaders in the
switchmen's strike, is in Jail, raving
maniac. Since the strike he has been
unable to obtain employment and con
stantly brooding over his misfortunes
led to the unbalancing of his mind.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
Cr,nc, secds Cans, Dc,,b.

NoRwAI.K, o., Oct 3.-Walter Peat ;
son of Wm. Peat, of this city, died from
an unusual complaint His bowels be
came clogged from eating grapes. A
consultation of physicians was held and
M operation performed, but he died
from exhaustion.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

QUARANTINE, S. l., Oct S.-There was
no special news from the Lower Quar-
antine Sunday The steamer Bohemia
is all that remains of the cholera feet.
Her passengers, which were removed
to Hoffman island, we're all reported
well Sunday afternoon. DR.. Abbott re-
ports all well at Swinburne island.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

BY electricity is being DEM
i England and is surely one
abilities of the near future.
the convenience of doing a
with a single cleo
that, knows no varia-
bation of heat, which is an
not only promised but
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
-
Circulation Statement,

WASHINGTON, Oct. 4.-Thc circulation
statement issued by the treasury de-
partment Monday shows net decrease
Of 90, ao6 6Ol during the month of Sep
tember, leaving the aggregate on the
lst inst. Sl,596, ,O4o,9s A year ago the
circulation was 81, $50, 6S2 ,OS6.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

lpsroNE, during his visit to
tie caught the people by his
lsivc knowledge of their
ID its affairs, and especially
|od knowledge OF their lam
by no means common accom-
in foreigners. He described
} a Scotchman by blood, a
in by birth, a Cockney by
but infected by Mrs. Glad
a love of Wales.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
Grave Digger Found Dead.

LIMA, o., Oct 3.-Sunday morning
Thomas Dunn, aged ~ years, was found
dead in his bed. For the past thirty
years he has been grave digger at the
Catholic cemetery.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

ign for the 100000 souvenir
|rs has been agreed upon by
F's fair people and Mint
Lecch. The face Of the coin
(in Lotto's head of Columbus
(verse side two caravels, under
|c two globes. Across the
be the figures "l492." Under
! will be the year in which
! struck 1892 or 1898. Director
pes to have 100000 of those
bck this year and the remain
poo early in 1898.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

CINCINNATI, Oct Capt. NJ. NJ.
Deem, one of the best known river cap
tains in the country, died Monday after
noon at his residence, at Home City, at
3 o'clock Of malaria. His age was 81
yenrS
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

1--WE new Baptist mission
kailed from Boston on the
for the foreign fields
| includes sixteen for the
Zion in India, two for Assam,
hrlnah and three for the
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

k not commonly regarded as
krden, but in a large part Of
india, thousands Of sheep car
" miles the commodities pur-
khc sale of their own wool.
|tain paths among the foot
} lIimalayas are SO precipi-
(hc sheep, more sure-footed
i beasts, are preferred as bur-
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
,,.,,i si,,o,irr NJ n i,ic.io

WALTON, KY, Oct IA shooting
scrapc took plucs at picnic about two
miles from Knoxville, at khrvt creek
Tom Arhmii shot Dab Jones Rpd lob
Asbury, killing Jones instantly and
wounding Asbury, but not fatally
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

nous handwriting expert,
Carvalho, asserts that mo
or can write his signature
tly alike" He therefore adj
/ startling proposition that
70 signatures purporting to
written by the same person
(ly alike it is safe to conclude
them is a forgery"
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

ID quarantine comes from the
|rd quarantine" The Monk
! late Latin term was applied
bglo-Saxons about Egbert's
kas then the custom to COM
pds Of time by forties, and q
|ing from a suspected or dis
\ was prohibited any inter
'h shores for forty days. 9th.
hat the Venetian first intro
practice and the name.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

Pver grows in New Zealand
ht luNuriauce, but until re-
was necessary to import all
h England. Darwin showed
plants can be fertilized and
produce seed only through the
n humble bees, and, as these
were unknown in New Zea-
fmpts were made to introduce
= they were finally, about ten
|o' carried the entire journey
pie in a torpid state, in freez-
poers' Since then they have
n, and the red clover bears
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08

Loypoy, Oct, 9Th, Pail Mall 0ar
settc has been sod by iates Thcrttpson
10 MI Knrirblr, uf tbs Sntloth' I,ib
rrui tiub. II Is believed that ihr ua'
gpttp wili become liberal uni''nIss In
stcnd of :, -adltal organ
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
Inte,diny Immiprants warned.

BERLIN, Oct. 3.-Consul Sadler has
written from Chicago that the labor
market there is overcrowded and that
many immigrants are tramping the
streets. He warns German immigrants
against seeking work there.
Macon beacon. [volume] (Macon, Miss.) 1859-1995, 1892-10-08
resting TO learn that tho
h is $4,000 times as great
which lights our planet
Is a circumference of 224,-
i and the sun of $4,000

Ey is getting ready to go on
lie hunt, his idea being to
ears provisions along, get
Bdcd in the ice in Baiiin's
kth's sound and wait to be
h up to the pole itself.