The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-03-26

self-preservatiou. md the necessity oi ororin.
up a now period in tho history OF the parnos
and OF the Church. all this moral situation ~
came nccentuatcd in proportion TO th. n.
creased efforts of the Quirinal aud the mon.
archies 20 regain their lost influence.
Tho dispositions which reign in tho h,,,
ecclesiastical world. have an air OF relation.
ship with tho policy OF Rome and OF III, Sacred
College from 1C4S to 1880. In the see md IaI,
of the seventeenth century tho Roman CAN,
nails were inspired 10y one directing tAuueht.
TO break down the Spanish prcponGcran..
and tn prevent French domination. Thoy b,a
one single policy against Spain md Frann,
that of liberty When wo read the inst-n,.
tons of Louis NV. and OF the court OF Nal,,d
we can SEQ through the whole II tho str,r,,a
In spite OF the ability OF the foreigners, Rom.
conquered her Independence
Now. then. the Holy SEQ finds itsclt in y,
analogous situation. All enlightened mini,
see the necessity of browning tho affirmation
OF doctrinal independence by tho victory O,
actual independence. Tho powers to La ar.
GUIDED and to be feared to-day. are not lIanc.
and Spain. but Austria and her allies aided
BY tho Quirinal.
These intellectual currents arc the trrni.
OF Cardinal Rampolla. And tho fnct which
facilitates this evolution is tho dcbnsrncnt
In Europe OF tho triple alliance. Moral,
and automatically. this machine Of I'm.
ropean hegcmony has lost some %, il,
power OF attraction and OF radiation.
Since Cronstadt. and since the isirrycn.
ton Of the Papacy in France. AMI ,hs
desnotic and mysterious airs Of William
H.. the triple alliance has no longer that
prestige with which Bismarck had Surrounded
it. There is new temperature and n chang,
OF influences. In the universal Catho! word
this dccadcncc is attended by marked hos.
tility. Certain Catholic groups. Aust:o.,ier
mans. havo vaihly attempted OF late t. Head
the harmlessnoss of tho diplomacy Of Berlin.o,
Vienna, and of Rome but tho other Catholic,
have not disarmcd. They dcnounce with grow.
ing warmth the forced and involuntary accom-.
plices OF King Humhert as tho natural a,yer.
sarcs OF the cause Of the Popc and his fu,m,
Independence. Every day. Just rs this com.
plicity is prolonged. the current in the opn,-
site direction becomes stronger. and it, intu.
once upon the Conclavo will 10 ntalliblo he.
cause it is anchored in tho logic of things
This atmosphere is. therefore tho natural
ally Of the enemy OF the triple alliance. viii
not the Sacred College. as il by instinct and on
an inclined plane. group itself around Cardinal
Rampol!a2 On the sido whcro tho Srcrc.
tary Of State will stand there you vii! find
tho majority OF the Sacred College.
And. borrower. Cardinal Rampoila not only
represents with brillinncy and power tho cause
of the Pope and his abolished sovereignty. but
he symbolizes tho evolution that is movin.,hs
Sacred College and the Roman Church. This
new oricntation signifies the baptism Of de-
mocracY by Rome and tho pointing Of tho
Pontiflcal cupon toward tho republican order
as the form of the democratic social state.
Here it might be useful to enter into full
details to explain this idea: but it will be sum.
c.p for mn IN
uppermost points OF the question. During
the reign OF Plus IL. tho policy Of the Vatican
in regard to tho Picdmontese invasion was
confined to protestation pure and simpla
Grown old. Plus IN. left the care Of tho future
to his successor. Loo XIII. inherited din.
cult succession with fixed and clearly do
fined programme in his mind. To MAKE peace
with tho States embroiled under the defensive
Ponttlcate Of his predecessor: TO sub.
stitute action for protestation: to resume I'm.
dor more modern aspect the general policy
OF adaptation OF Sixtus ": to create
around the Ourinal two circular movements:
in the interior to favor tho national senti.
ment by uniting it with the idea Of reconcile.
ton with tho Pope: to win over the powers
and to isolate tho Consulta: to determine ~
this converging movement a forced advance
on the part OF the Quirinul toward the Vatican.
and in this way to bring about insensiblys
new political. moral. and diplomatic order.
which should be the generator OF solutions in
favor Of the resurrection OF the temporal
power adapted to modern conditions: such
was the plan.
1t failed. Becoming wild in tho presence
Of this policy. conducted with ability and with
a rare spirit OF continuity. the Italian Govern.
ment resisted. 1t threw itself into onerous al
liances in order to escape tho grasp OF the
Pontifr: and at times it displayed the mise en-
sce',e Of an anti-clerical and so-called national
party. to break down in the country the grow.
ing sympathies in favor OF the patriotic and
pacific ideas Of Loo XIII. NJ. Crispi symtollzed
admirably this policy OF bitter opposition In
May. 1885. Loo MIL thought that he had
gained his object after the truce made
with Bismarck. and at the close OF
the campaign OF national cancellation.
But the Italian State. alarmed at this progress.
reinforced its double lines OF defence. The war
was removed with fury. The court in.
creased its servility to the monarchies. 1t
was then that Leo Kill. advised by Cardinal
Rampola. whose advent to power coincidei
with the reign OF Crispi. brought about
change When the italian monarchy allied Il.
self with tho courts OF Europe. and became
at home more and more the slave Of the revo.
lutionary party. thus becoming through con.
crete situations tho supreme expression OF the
struggle against the Pope and the Ponttcal
question. the Holy Sec saw tho necessity
OF going down to the bottom OF tho din.
Guilty. Having nothing to hope from the house
OF Savoy. which had responded 70 his
advances by c,escendO or hostility. nor from
the M onarchcs. which by their solidarity with
tho Qurinal formed tho guard around the
prison Of tho Vatican. Leo MIL. already &C.
cupied with democracy and with social
questions. developed the traditional policy OF
the papacy in the sense of the new order ana
OF popular aspirations. lie became rerno'i'
can. Ilo adopted the idea Of Card mails Man.
ming and Gibbons, that after having neg ptla'ed
in preference with tho dynasties. il was neceS'
sary henccforth to treat with the nations
Hence tho evolution which have de~'Tioeh
Now. It is incontostablc that the establishments
OF n republic in Italy would DO tho -lGni!'or
tho solution of the Pontlea problem Ih'
monarchy is the provisional coronation o' the
unitary stRte. exaggerated to the d"trlmeht"
tho Holy See. IL il the keystone o! an Italian
ednce in which there is NJ free c"mInr'n'h'
for tho sovereignty and tho Nh"r,y @! ''s
Pope: whi!a in n federal republic Ilacs
would be left for the Papacy free ana ln'