The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1892-08-04

n, oisGiie human intellect to make fu-
1 lure advances; nevertheless, there are
reasons which are cogent enough
Lending to point to the impracticabiI-
Ivy q telephone transmission through
','9,t',' OF great length. In such cases
4 g g, r'etardatlon and an obliteration OF
Inc delicate pulses OF current which
characterize electrical speech serve to
prevent the reception Of speech at the
Tar end OF the line. By enormously
increasing the power of the waves or
impulses, the difficulty would be. in q
measure, overcome, but to do this in.
PRODUCES other grave difficulties. the
solution OF which is not easy to fore
see." - 49,
The Average Speed at Which Thun-
derstorms Travel?
On the authority Of the superintend.
ent OF the London Meteorological
once, the average speed OF thunder
storms is about twenty miles an
hour. Says London Tit-Bits. In
1883 Herr Schonrock studied 1877
thunderstorms in Russia, with ref
erence to their speed of travel. He
OBTAINED as mean velocity about
28:5 miles an hour, with variation
from l3 to 60 miles. AS a, rule
thunderstorms occur more frequently
at sunset than any other period of the
day, and are more numerous in high
latltudes than in low. The damp
ne ness of the English climate causes
them to be more destructive than
elsewhere. They never occur in the
Arctic regions, and previous to
June 1850, they bad never been
experienced in the Mauritius since
%lSOl. Madagascar suffers very much
from their frequency and severity;
the annual loss OF life from them
amounts to 800. Java has the great
est number of any country in the
world; they take place with intensity
about once in ninety seven days
throughout the year. In Great Brit
ain they take p ace about seven DAYS
annually. In jamaica they occur
with the greatest regularity between
the hours OF IL noon and 3 y. m.
during the rainy season. which lasts
Iof hVe months, Or about $50 DAYS.
The same thing occurs at Natal, but
during the summer months, October
TO February. In Brazil they occur
with such regularity that invites to
parties, etc, are given intimating
they are to take place either before or
after the dlurnal thunderstorm.
Machinery in Shoemaklng,
The chief tools OF the shoemaker
then consisted Of his hammer, his
awl, his lapstone, his knives, and his
harness for ''setting-up'' his boots or
shoes. The essentials OF a shoe are
the upper, the sole, the counter or
heel stltfening, and the heel. These
parts are again subdivided into the
'svamp' for covering the front OF the
loot. the large and small quarters for
encircling the ankles, the button
piece, etc. The work OF the shoemaker
IS to prepare and close these various
parts OF the upper and the Innings to-
gsther, to bring them into the desired
shape, to fasten them to the sole
which has been previously cut, to at
tach the heel, and then to give the
various parts the desired finish and
style. These processes Indicate the
lines along which machinery had to be
applied. All the operations have been
subdiVided to the minutest detail,
and in the performance OF all OF them
machines more or less satisfactory
in their workings been devised.
The parts Of the uppers are now sew
ed together by machinery, and they
are pegged, sewed or screwed to the
sole by machinery. Instead OF the
lapstone and the hammer for condens-
ing the leather are now swiftly revolv-
ing rollers, and instead OF the pat
terms for cutting out the soles are dies
or sOle-shaped knives set in machines.
Popular Science Monthly.
Turning Tin Refuse TO Profit.
For a long time the owners OF sar-
dine factories were at a loss to know
what to do with the mounds of tin
clippings that accumulated at their
docks. The clippings are now col
lected and sorted according to their
shape, those made by the dies which
stamp the bottom and covers of the
cans being pounded into suitable
shape for handling, while the strips
made by the shears in cutting the tin
for he sides are bundled and boxed.
The clippings are smelted down in q
furnace, the, tin with which they are
coated being melted and drawn off
separately, while the molten mass Of
metal which composed the plate is
run into molds and formed into win
dow weights and other useful articles.
The bright tin strips OF various sizes
are utilized in sundry ways, forming
tin tags for the ornamenta5ion OF
plug tobacco, button molds, orna-
mental baskets and dozens of:others
articles. Exchange.
Cheap Electricity for Cooking.
The electrical section OF the London
Whitehall Club, dining at the Cry stal
PALACE. had their mutton cutlets and