davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
AUTOPSY AND INQUEST.
Almost Two Deaths Recorded Every
Day at the Morgue.

Almost Two Deaths Recorded Every
Day at the MOrgue.
The aggregate number of deaths for the
year passing through the Coroner's office at
the Morgue was 654, upon which 37S autop-
sizes and 270 nQuests were held. Upon the
balance investigation was deemed not
necessary.
AS classified from examinations and In
vestigations, 80 deaths were recorded as
murders, 9S as suicides, 151 were the results
of violence or accident and so from natural
causes.
When compared with the record of the
preceding year the increase is seen to be
almost 100 per cent, with an average of two
deaths day.
grewsome record with a total of A. which is
nearly double the number received from
that source last year.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
LINCOLN'S BIER.
An Interesting National Relic, to
BE Seen at the Worlds Fair.

An interesting national relic which the
Worlds Fair will probably want as an ex-
hlbit has been preserved here for many
years in an unusually curious hiding-place.
1t is the bier or catafalque upon which sue
eessively rested, as they lay in state in the
rotuuda of the Capitol, the remains Of the
nations martyred President, Abraham Lin
coin; those of Thaddeus Stevens, PennSyl-
vania's great cOmmOner"; Of Salmon p.
Chase, LIncOln's Secretary Of the Treasury,
and afterward Chief Justice; of Senator
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
RECEIVING HOSPITAL.
The Attendants Kept Busy Treating In |
-

The Attendants Kept Busy Treating In
jared Humanity.
The total number Of cases treated at the
Receiving Hospital, attracting every i'll
which flesh is heir to" or every manner of
injury which man can inhict upon his fell
bowman or himself, amounted TO 519S for
the twelve months ending at u o'clock last
night, making an average Of almost fifteen
cases treated every day.
OF this number 1921 were discharged after
being treated, as their injuries were so
slight that further attention was not neces-
sary; 1862 were sent to the City Prison, as
their injuries were received in a manner
which necessltated their appearance either
as witnesses or defendants in the police
courts; 271 were sent TO the City and County
Hospital for further treatment; 145 were
sent to various other hospitals or public
aSylums, and 90 died al the Receiving Hos
pital, death generally ensuing Immediately
upon entrance or shortly thereafter.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

The benefit performance. on which occa-
sion Alice Kingsbury, the beneficiary, will
appear as FanchOn in "FanchOn; or, The
Cricket on the HEARTH" will be given in the
oWell-street Theater on the evening OF the
18th inst. The sale Of seats will commence
at the box-office of the theater Tomorrow
morning. ''EanchOn" is one of those pecu-
liar characters that many have attempted,
but none have been able 10 present il in the
acceptable manner that Alice Kingsbury
has. The beneficiary is deserving lady,
and she ought to be greeted by house filed
To Overlooking.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
Siberian Railroad ConstructIon.

a. Pysoff, chief Engineer in charge of the
construction Of the Ussuri and AMOR d.
visions of the Siberian railroad. is In the
city. He says the Ussuri division extends
from Vladivostock to Graiski, distan ce of
260 miles. 1t will take twelve years TO COM
plete the entire road. Owing to the turbu-
lent state OF affairs on the Chinese southern
frontier the 500 men al work have to be
protected by eighteen battaiops Of troops,
nine scuadronS OF cavalry and six batteries
Of artillery. Next ear 1000 men will be al
work on the road Other divisions have
been surveyed, and the line already extends
100 miles easterly from ST Petersburg.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
INCREASED DEATH RATE.
Fearful Mortusry Record Left by the
Year Just Past.

Fearful Mortuary Record Left by the
Year just Past.
A fearful increase was recorded in the
mortuary rate during the year just closed
During the past year there we're 6S75 deaths
in this city, as against GAS for 1899. an in
crease of 727 Up to the hour the Health
Office closed yesterday the deaths for the
past month footed up just 500, the largest
number reported during one month in the
history OF San Francisco.
The twenty principal causes OF death
during the past year were as follows:
Phthisis 9S3, pneumonia TO- old age 1914,
disease of heart 427, disease If lungs %,
disease of brain 96, commissions 1S9, bron-
chitis DIT, diphtheria 81. typhoid fever 1872,
enteritis 1913, Bright's disease 131. disease of
liver 92 Group 133 cancer $50, paralysis 10S
alcoholism 50, apopleXy 167, hamilton AL.
general debility 40
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

persons were sent to the three asylums
located respectively at Stockton, Napa and
Agnews.
In 1890 there were 344 commitments,
which shows a decrease in 1891 of twenty
five. OF those adjudged insane an average
OF 40 per cent were committed to Napa,
about the same to Agnews and 20 per
cent to Stockton, where the asylum is most
crowded Among the principal causes OF
and indiScretiOns.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
The s,preme Court,s Work.

During the year 1890 the Supreme Court
gave us decisions; last year it decided 721
cases. an increase of 6. There were go cases
flied in 1890, of which 6J7 were civil and
original and 153 were criminal. During last
year 798 cases were filed, an increase Of SO,
of which G78 were civil and origina! and 100
were criminal. In 1890 there were 200 cases
filed for rehearing, If which 1913 were denied
and 46 were granted.
Last year 225 Of such cases were filed, of
which 1872 were denied and 50 granted.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

tain well-knOwn members Of the British
Parliament or other parliamentary bodies
with which we are most familiar. The
costumes, makeup, etc, are as carefully
arranged as possible, that the likeness may
be sufficient for good caricature; and pho
tOgraphs Of these groups are funny enough
to make a Comanche Indian. a conditioned
freshman, or a political exile laugh.
Then the girls like to arrange a room and
a group within it representing tine orgies of
the Harvard men. These brstle with
mustacheS, full masculine evening dress, or
college gowns, cigarettes, glasses clinking
toge, her or widely waving over heads in de-
lightfully bold bad toasts. Some of these
pictures are excellent, showing in the sitters
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

Because that foods been blessed before"
(At dinner the day before-see p
Occasionally the specials come back at the
regulars in fine shape. | remember one-a
bright little widow, all in deepest black, not
a CLEAN OF white to be seen about her. ex-
cept In her eye-wh0 used to be particularly
able in the noble art of feminine self-de-
fense and who would tackle the most awe
inspiring senior as dauntlessly as she would
the small lest OF freshmen; and 1t finally got
didn't want to get several large-sized, ro-
bust, able-bodied ROlands in exchange for
any little stray Oliver you had about you to
spare you'd better seintillate at the expense
of some other special than this cheerful
little champion.
One day group of students was standing
Ia tho main hallway, and among them was
tue 'it!le widow apd senior Yho was in
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
LICENSE COLLECTIONS.

Marked Increase Over the Revenue OF
the Preceding Year.
The municipal revenue from city and
county licenses last year showed a decided
increase. The sum received for licenses
was S281, 225 So an increase of $50, 292 80
over 1890. The increase of receipts is best
explained in the appended table, which was
prepared for THE CALL by License Col
lect0r George w. Lee:
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
The following elections OF officers are an

The following elections OF officers are an
nounced
Court Olympic. No. 1884 A. o. F. of A
Marion M. Valentine, c. r.; John Manifold, 5.
G. r.; Thomas A. Egan. +. S.; A. l.. Hart X. s. !;
John Carlson, T.; A. c. Harris, S. w; Victor
Mekolovlch, j. w; John Hamilton, S. b.; L.
Kuhn, j. B.; II. Gleason, Trustee; DR.. ID. +.
Raglan, T.. and DR.. ID. +. Dillon, ID.
West End Lodge, X. aud L. of H.-Mss PhIlll.
pine Kaplan. p. p; Edward l. Wolfe, p;
Charles 5. Smith, V. F.; S. b. Carleton, S.; Mrs.
NJ. T. Bume, c.; MIS-. NJ. L. Carleton. s.; Marcus
Levy, Sentinel.
Oakland Lodge. X. and L. OF H-Mrs Fred
eflk Ea Web3Wer ?. p; =. D. Henderson, r.; Q.
s.; j. i. Dixon T.; Mrs. c. French, G. ; Miss
Belle {. kleveland. e.. N. Hamilton, Guardian
Mrs. c. V. McComb, Sentinel
Belgian Mutual Relief Society-Honorary
President, W. b. Chapman, Consul Of Belgium;
PRESIDENT. Leon Andre; Vice ri esldent, Louis
Nevranmont; Recording Secretary Il. j. Im.
hnsus; Financial Secretary K. Andre; Treasurer
LoTenlz,, A. Desplege. A. Francard, Jules
Deleau. r.. Van Goethem, N. Wesler.
Court Acme, No: 7764, A. o. +. of A. -Purdy
Ralyea, G r.; ". Davidson, $. c. r.. homas j.
Gordon, f. s.; f. l.. Tlbbitts, r. s.. l.. L. Nelson,
T.; j. j. Johnson, S. W; +. Norton, j. W.; G..
Donahue, $. b.; William Flynn, j. b.; Trustees
4 de Camp (ono yean; f. Kober Nhree years. /;
Donahue and w. w. Campbell, Druggists.
Court Eclipse, No. 6972 A. o. f. OF 40.
Clements, T. Z. r.; G. Grrtson, c. r.; 9. Y.
s.; Thomas J. IraInor, X. s.; c. Gerlson, S. w. ;
). ii. Sluus, j. W.; II. l.. Jensen, S. b.; NJ. ID.
Green, j. b.; George w, Strickland, Trustee
Loyal California Lodge, No zoos, 1. 0. o. F.
NJ. U.-WillIam ii. Duh q. NJ; S. A. Egleston,
\. g. f. Ii. Marker, Y. e.; Peter T.. Holdings,
s.; Thomas A; Perez, Z, s.; Thomas NJ. Millar,
son, l.. NJ.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
NAVAL BATTALION.

Demands Sent Forward for State Allow
ances.
The acting Tetty officers of Company C
will be examined this evening for appoint
ment
meeting Of the mmissloned officers
will be ned this evening to consider SUBJ
tects for the general welfare of the battalion.
battalion orders discharged three seamen
Of Company b for removal" and for
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
NONE BUT THE BRAVE.
James O'BTien and John Doe Do Battle
for Feminine Favors.

for Feminine TaVors.
James OBrien and John Doe sailors, paid
considerable attention 10 tire feminine attrac-
ton In a saloon on jackson street about z
o'clock Saturday night, and o. Bren became mad
when he saw that she regarded Doe with more
favor than she did him. and proposed that they
20 out on the street ard settle The difficulty
accepted the challenge aud IN a few moments
they were rolling In the mud and doing their
best TO put each other TO sleep a la Joe Nc
Aufe. Officers Lake and Crosby heard the
row and mad: the fight a draw by taking DO II 10
tie North HarbOl Station aud booking them for
battery.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

The typical cowboy is seen no more, and
his place is taken by the barb wire fences
and railroads. The towns where he once
roamed during his outings have Sc tiled back
into quiet cities, noted not for their diSre-
gard for law, but tor their love OF il.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
A YEARS MARRIAGES.

Cupid Captured Nearly Seven Thousand
Hearts.
Cupid'S darts penetrated just $3.50 hearts
in this city during the past year. In short,
1890 marriage licenses were issued In 1891,
as against 1868 for the previous year, an in
crease OF q licenses or S5i to the city's
revenue. By months the smallest number
were issued in March, 240, and the greatest
number in November. 800 Individual ages
Of the contracting parties ranged from 10
to II years.
The average age of brides was 20 and of
brldegroomS 80 years.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

Marie Fourchaude, 43 years of age, SER
want at Is Ford street, was found dead in
her bed yesterday morning at o'clock.
When discovered the gas in her room was
flowing in full stream. 1t is supposed that
her death was an accident
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
THE DIVORCE COURT.

An Increase in the Number of Unhappy
Couples.
The percentage of applications for divorce
is leaving the percentage of the increase Of
population far in the rear.
In 1890 725 petitions for divorce were pre-
sented to the Superior Court. During the
year that has Just closed there were no, an
increase of 45. In 1890 the Superior Court
granted 459 divorces; in 1891 263 were grant
ed, and there are about 800 cases on the
calendar
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
RECORD OF A YEAR.
Figures Gathered in the Munich.
pal Departments.
Marriages and Divorces Increase in Number.
Insanity Commitments Decreased.
The Death Record

Brief summaries of the business tran
sacted by the public departments of the city
during the year just closed will be found
below. They form an annual record of a
great city and will be read with advantage
by all interested in San Francisco's well
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

During the year 1891, ending December
31st, 181 petitions in insolvency were filed
with the County Clerk. For a correspond
ing term in 1890 the number was 124 The
increase for 1891 is 81.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

The number of suits filed in the Justices
of the Peace Court for 1891 was 4034, and
that for the preceding year was 1919, show
ing an increase for 1891 of 315.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
Partnersbips Recorded.

There were 176 articles OF partnership
filed with the County Clerk for 1891. In
1890 the number was 1873, showing decrease
for 1901 of Z.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
Wills Filed.

In the year 1891. ending December 31st,
Ala wills were filed for probate in the Supe-
rior Court. against 1853 for $780, an increase
for 1891 of 81
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
INSANE COMMITMENTS.

Small Decrease in the Number Of I'm
fortunates.
There was small decrease in the number
of insane commitments last year. In all $40
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

A number of prominent women In WASH
ingt0n have formed an association for the
purpose Of training c0lored girls aud women
In The duties of house servants, seam
stresses, laundresses and cooks.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
A for Morning.
Sundays excepted
L
Sundays only.

TVEF9 "a GrTFC IRA ~ Err C0tEpNNY
VIII call for and cheek baggage from hotels aa6
residences Inquire OF ticket agents fer time cards
and other Information
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
PoLIrIcIANs Il IL aCARD.

The term Of Adjutant-GeDeral Josiah
Porter expired on Thursday. but already on
the 9th ult GOyernor-elect Flower had
given out the list # his staff appointments.
and had named him 10 s uCceed himself OF
tie scramble for the appointments the
National GuaTdsman SAID;
Il is very amusing 10 see the pilgrims on 'helr
way 10 albany. Even III supeTnumeTaty list
have sent Ce.ega ions. some OF whom had 10 be
busted OF. but being on the perch 30 long theIr
shape betrayed them. Even some muZZle-iOdGeTs
were on hand. and such state Of thingSi For
one appointment alone, lis said, there were over
twenty applicants. they must argue that the
new tactIc- makes all young again, and as u
have TO commence anew, makes all equal Such
eNCtem. nt Was never known before; ID is not IN
tie guard where one would suppose most Of Il
10 Dc. tuI among the mtn who are submitting
samples 10 Tie GOTeInOI-elecL Some OF them
are offered nett.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
PACIFIC COAST STEAMSHIP CO.
For PORTLAND & ASTORIA. OREGON.

THE UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY k7~a
4 Ocean Diyision-and PACIFIC COAST fGER
STEAMSHIP COMPANY will dispatch from Spear
street Wharf, at 10 NJ, for the above ports one Of
their Al iron steamships viz:
January =. IA. IS
STATE OF CALIFORNIA-January 6, lS, 30.
OREGON-January 10. -, February 3
Connecting via Portland with the Northern Paclis
Railroad, Oregon Short Line and other divergllg
lines for all points in Oregon, washington Brttis1
Columbia, Alaska, idaho. Montana. DAKOTA. Utah.
Wyoming. Yellowstone Park and all points East and
South aud to Europe.
Fare to Portland-Cabin. $16; steerage. So; round
trip, cabin $50.
Ticket ofhces-1 Montgomery St, and Palace HO-
tel. New Montgomery St
G0UDALL, PERKINS CO., Supt. Ocean Line.
1u 10 Market ST.. san Francisco.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04

DEPARTURES OF GALL AT
5th and 18TH. Mazatlan, La Libertad
5th, 18th aud 25th. Acapulco
18th. OcOs, La Union
9Th and 18Th. ...... tChampericO. San Jose de Qua
18th ............ -. Acautla, COrnto, 2. Arenas
Through line saiIings-January 9Th, IS. San Juan;
18th, SIS. City OF New York; 25th, S. san Bias.
WAY LINE TO MEXICAN AND CENTRAL
AMERICAN PORTS AND PANAMA.
STEAMER SAILS AT NOON 18TH OF EACH
MONTH, calling at Mazatan. san Bias Manzanillo.
Acapulco. Port Angel, Saina Cruz, Touaia, San
BenitO. Ocos. ChampcricO. san Jose de Guatemala.
Acaiutla, La LibeFtad La Union, Annapolis, Gorinto,
San Juan del Sur and Punta Arenas
Way line sailing-January 18TH IS. Acapulco
JAPAN AND CHINA LINE
FOR YOKOHAMA AND HONG-KONG.
Connecting at Yokohama with steamers for
Shanghai, aud at Hong Kong for East Indies.
Straits. etc.
City Of Peking go. Thurs, Dee. 81. 1891 at p NJ
City Of Rio de Janeiro Sat. Jan %, 1892, at P NJ
China. W edhesdaT. February II, 1892. aI p NJ.
Round-trip tickets 70 Yokohama and return at re-
duced rates.
For Freight or Passage apply at the Office, corner
First and Brannan streets.
BRANCH Ofice-202 Front street.
ALEXANDER CEN IER. General
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
OCEANIC STEAMSHIP COMPANY.

THE SPLENDID 3000-TON STEAMERS Esss
L of this line, carrying United States iSIssS-S
Hawaiian and Colonial mails. sail from Folsom-St
" lart under.
FOX HONOLULU ONLY.
s.S AUSTRALIA. TUESDAY, Dec. %, at P. NJ
FOR HONOLULU, AUCKLAND AND SYDNEY
DIRECT.
s. s. MONOWAI..-... January IL. 1892, at p VI
For freight and passage apply at Office 927 Makes
street J, ID. SPRECKELS g BROS.
26tt General Agents.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
COMPRGNIE GERERaLE

COMPRGNIE GERERaLE
IRA y ATLAN TIQUE
French Line to Hayre.
COMPANY'S PIER (NEW), AZ NORTH kS<7
" River, foot of Morton sc. Travellers by szSSSSzsY
this line avoid both transit by English railway aud
the discomfort of crossing the channel in small
boat.
LA NORMANDIE. De KerSabec.............
................... Saturday, January 9Th
LA BRETAGNE, De JouSselin. .................
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. Saturday, January 18TH
La BoURGoGNE, Frangeul. .....................
......-......---..--- 80. Saturday, January I'D
IN oAoSOO4Ni>'
............ Saturday. January 30th
AS- For further part iculars apply to
A. FORGET, Agent,
No Bowling Green New YORK.
J. +. FCGAZI q CO.. Agents, Montgomery ave-,
San Francisco
Branch office 10 Montgomery street. mr2v tt
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-01-04
RA1LRoAD&rRAvEL.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY.

(PACIFIC SISTEM.D
Trains Leave and Are Due to ArriveIS
SAN FRA NCISCO.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1892-12-08

THERE'S difference OF opinion as to
whether the Orientals knew anything
about corn as it stands in our fields;
but recent discoveries have found out
that the Hebrew knew all about
Indian maize, for there have been
grains OF corn picked up out of an
ancient crypts ana exhumed from hid
ing places where they were put down
many centuries ago, and they have
been planted in our time and have
come up just such Indian maize as we
raise in New York and Ohio; so l am
right when say that my text
may refer to shock of corn just as
you and threw it, just as you and I
husked it. There may come some
practical and useful and comforting
lessons to all our souls, while we think
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1892-12-08
Worth PRESERVING.

Anything which has once had claims
TO admiration Or respect in q country
place is slow to lose them, at least in
tile eye OF old inha bitants.
A gentleman who had bought an
abandoned farm on the outskirts OF n
New Hamp hire town. found q dllapi-
dated ''carryall' in the barn, whose
best days were evidently so far in the
past that he considered it quite worth
less.
al might as well have this shabby
old concern chopped up for kindling
wood he remarked to the old town
carpenter, who had come out to the
farm with him to look the barn and
house over with Il view to res aingling
them. at stoo disgrace(ul to have on
the premises"
"Nhat be you sayin'?" demanded
the Old carpenter, turning a shocked
lace upon the reckless speaker "If
you aint got no use fer that shabby
old consarn, as you name. | sil d be
pleased tofetch it home with me when
[ go. Why, [ can recall when that kerr
ryall was allus the first kerridge at a
tuneral 1t was horrowedfu fur an wide
by the families O. the deceas ed parties.
| don't calc'late to hev that kerridge
chopped up fer kindlin's, i! word o.
minecan prevent it,"
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1892-12-08

uniform as ho did, would bring himselfin
.ried her, he answer ed that love could ex-
list wi :hout marriage. Then did she feel
that she hated him with hate beyond
words, but still it was important that she
should still continue to deceive him for yet
little while longer.
One afternoon She had been to the priS \
with Catherine, who had received permit
to see Paul. AS they returned the day was
closing and Balakhin met them on their
way. He told Catherine that two was COM
panS, three was none, and she, taking the
hint. proceeded alone and Balakhin and
Rachel walked round by thc free convict
settlement. Overhead the stars shone with
dazzling ClearneSs, and away to the north
the aurora burned with splendor that
was like the splendor of heaven.
Balakhin began to speak in imprisoned
language ofthc "love." rs he called it, that
he bore tor his companion. He alluded to
the near date when she and those who
We're to be forwarded on would take thcii
departure for the east. and he tried to per.
suadc her to remain behind with him; and
al last. carried away by his feelings, he
seized her i'll his arms and tried to kiss
her. But at that moment. out Ofthc deep
shadow of Il hut. man rose up as if he
was 4 phantom and had sprung out Of the
earth, and with Il terrific blow he tcllcd
Balakhin TO the ground. where he lay stun
ned like an OK that is Smittcn with the
Slaughtercr $ axe Rachel would have
cried out in alarm, but the man seized her
by the wrist and Missed into her ear
blush; he silent as death. am Moshka
Cmanski.