The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1892-01-06
THOUSANDS OF VOLTS.
STARTLING EFFECTS or SOME HIGH
TENSION CURRENTS.


TENSION CURRENTS.
Electricity at a Pressure That Is Simply
wanderfuI-whas May BE Done with a
Current of 1000 Volts Can Hardly BE
Imasined-RemarksbIe Sights
Several tests have been made with
alternating currents of electricity at very
high pressures. As only l 800 volts were
needed to kill the condemned murderers
IL Sing Sing prison, the effect of 45, 1000
and 4S 900 volts on animate and IMAM
innate objects can hardly be imagined.
The difficulty Of insulating the enormous
force Is very serious, as an arc viii flash
across four or five inches Of space be-
tween the electrodes, and high tension
currents have not been used much The
current for the lights and power at the
electro-technical exhibition at Frank
fort-On-the-Main was transmitted from
Lauifen, where it was generated by
water power, at a pressure of 10000
volts. After the close Of the exhibition
experiments were made with the wire
and insulators at high pressures. and
they were among the most interesting of
the electrical experiments.
The distance between the cities is
about 10S miles, and the wire, one
eighth of an inch in diameter. weighed
1872 600 pounds The insulators were
able TO preserve the intensity of the cur
rent. Each was composed of three sec
tons. The porcelain top was fat, with
a deep groove for the wire. Underneath
was q saucer shaped receptacle, and be-
meath that we're two more, one Of larger
breadth and depth than the other, and
all were filed with oil. The binding
wires ran through the oil. which is a
good nonconductOr. At Frankfort a
commufstor changed the alternating
current to a continuous current for light
and power. In the experiments the
pressure was increased to 10000, 10000
and 4S, 900 volts.
Beyond $1,000 volts the porcelain in
sulators were puuctured frequently. In
producing an arc between two carbons
at 10000 volts a plate of glass was
pierced very quickly. At 5000 volts
the intensity was so great that the light
was not so brilliant as il was at 10000
volts. 1t is believed that $4,000 volts
can be reached with conductors pro-
tected from the effects OF weather.
CURRENTS OF 10000 VOLTS.
Almost at the same time the Siemens
Bros, of London, were experimenting
with high tension currents, having had
at the Naval exhibition an apparatus
capable of delivering current at a pres
sure Of 5000 volts. This description of
a private exhibition Of the apparatus
with 10000 volts is from Engineering:
''On a table was an electrode some
three inches in length, connected to one
terminal of 4 transformer. Over it was
mounted large sheet of glass three mil
lineters thick, and above the glass was
a second electrode terminating in a sharp
point, the distance between the cleo
trodes being three centimeters. When
the current was turned on to the primary
coil Of the transformer there first ap-
peared a purple haze at the upper cleo
trOde streaming toward tine glass. As
the current increased this haze grew in
fnllness and definition, and began TO
throw out feelers. which darted outward
and as quickly withdrew As the cleo
tromotive force augmented still further,
these feelers gathered power until they
beat themselves on the glass as if they
would force themselves through il in
their mad a"Sire to reach the other cleo
trode. The whole space below the point
ed conductor became alive with them,
and exhibited a mass of leaping, crack
ling threads of purple fire, which writhed
and twisted in impotent attempts TO
burst through the barrier, and failing
that, spread themselves along its surface.
endeavoring 10 rush over its edges, and
so reach their goal by a circuitOus route.
But this was beyond their strength
until the electrO-lnotive force approached
q, 900 volts. when suddenly the entire
appearance was changed. The current
Oyerleaped the edges of the plate and
flowed completely around it in all di-
rectiOns. At that moment the intense
purple color of the spark disappeared,
and was replaced by white light of IT,.
greatest brilliancy, which glistened and
flashed until the spectators had to turn
away their bedazzled gaze.
REMARKABLE EXPERIMENTS.
a change in the arrangement was
then made. The upper pointed electrode
was replaced by brass disk, three
inches in diameter. This was laid over
the surface Of tine glass plate with three
very thin washers Of vulcanite, inter-
vening between the two. The current
was then turned on in the same gradual
manner as before. The space between
the two disks Immediately filed with
purple light, which had sufficient motion
IN It 10 recall the fame Of a Bunsen
burner, spread ont under the bottom of
a beaker. Sparks then began to appear
at the edges. and, as they gathered |
strength, 10 radiate a little beyond them. |
Gradually they became streamers,
stretching out along the surface Of the |
plate in curved, fanciful forms which |
twined and twisted and weaved them
relves into a glistening flagree, compared
by an imaginative spectator to az ago
nized japanese chrysanthemum.
''This experiment had not the brilliant |
refnlgence Of the one that preceded it, |
but was characterized by quivering
irrsdiation which wreathed and tossed |
like bird beating itself at the bars of |
its cage. In spite of its less Formidable |
however. it proved destruc-
tive to the glass. which presently few |
in pieces with crash. Several sheets |
were tried in succession, but each was
pierced and broken and allowed the cur
rent to attain It's object Of flowing di-
rectiy from one electrode to the other"
In experimenting with an arc at a, 900
volts the arc established itself when the
electrodes were fveinches apart, cut the
aames, instead of bridging the space,
spread out in two thin tongues at right
angles to the electrodes and parallel to |
each other. When the electrodes were
pushed nearer together the flames wan
iered back along the stems, repelhng
zach other.-New York Times.
a1l lnn