davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
NUMBER 8.
UNDERSTOOD POLITICAL ECONOMY.

at Takes n Woman to Seiitr,e." ehs
Said. ms She Heard Him snore.
When Fitzboodle came home that
night he sunk into chair and said:
"Maria, have lost my job"
ais IL possiblef' exclaimed the woman.
at is, Maria, and with only ten dol
lars in cash things look pretty black"
eyes" said the woman vaguely.
at is the ten dollars gave you this
morning, Maria; you know told you mt
the time it was all | had in the world.
You are so good to me. Maria; you keep
my money so we'll"
eyes," she said feebly.
81 feel dreadful" he went ON. "Do
you know, rs | passed the grocer's he
glared at me like mad. We owe him
thirteen dollars, and have promised to
settle eleven times now"
"Oh, that's all right" said the woman,
Frightening. "Why, when l was in
there at 8 o'clock he smiled and was so
pleasant sugar wouldn't melt in his
mouth. He told me TO order big bill
of goods ut any time"
"You are crazy, Maria! And then the
uDCtDf. w NY ran ihto iiui tto
turned the corner; he shot me savage
look as much as to say, 'Humph, think
IL is about time you cashed upr Maria,
am ruined manr'
"Oh, no, Charlie Why, when | met
the doctor on the avenue Mt 3 o'clock he
bowed like prince and came over and
shook my hand and said never looked
more charming in my life. | am sure
we can stand him off another three
months"
"You are clean mad, Maria. And
then the landlord. How he snapped his
teeth as passed him in the hall leading
to this fiat only few moments ago"
"Why, il you mean dear Mr.. Trotter,
the owner of the property, why, my
dear fellow, he is as sweet and good as
you could wish. Why, this afternoon
he came in and said he would get rIs
new curtains, fix up the cellar, repap,r
the halls and fix the plumbing in tne
kitchen. We can hold him off half the
summer, believe"
"You are clean crazy, woman! Ineyer
heard Of such n thing. Give me that
ten dollars till go down and give hslf
to the grocer and half
I-I haven't itr'
"Whaty'
w-I spent it."
Spent it? How dare you? And the
last money had in this world"
"Oh, cheer up, Charlie. took the
ten dollars and bought that lovely new
hat you promised me. | wore it out on
the avenue all afternoon. Everybody
who saw me said: MY stars! why, old
Fitzboodle must be making lots Of cash,
for X there isn't his wife all logged out
in tho latest millinery, with gloves to
matchr The effect was like q charm,
Charlie. knew you had lost your
place, and did it as an act Of policy.
When called on the tradespeople they
all acted the same as the people on the
avenue. Now go TO bed, dear, and never
again say do not know all about po-
litical economyv'
"Never, he said, falling into her arms.
"Oh. it takes woman to scheme!
she calculated, as she heard him snoring
half an hour later.-New York Recorder
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
A Competent Teacher.

The London Times once contained an
advertisement for an assistant capable
of teaching the classics as far as Homer
and Virgil" Among the answers re-
ceived was this delightful specimen:
"Sir-With reference to the advertise
ment which was inserted in The Times
newspaper few days since respecting
school assistant, l beg to state that /
should be happy to fill that situation;
but as most of my friends reside in Lon
don, and not knowing how far Homer
and Virgil is from town, beg TO state
that should not like to engage to teach
the classics farther than Hammersmith
or Turnham Green, or at the very ut
most distance farther than Brentford.
Awaiting your reply, am sir, etc."
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
why Teak Wood Is Durable.

The teak, which has passed into prov
erb as the best material for shipbuild.
ing, is superior to all other woods from
the fact that it contains an essential oil
which prevents spikes and nails driven
into it from rusting. This property is
not possessed by any other wood in the
world, and furnishes an explanation of
the fact that ships built of teak are
practically indestructible. Some have
been known to last for $50 years, and
when broken up their beams were as
sound as when first put together.-Phil-
adelphia Ledger.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
Street Car Companies Not Responsible.

An incident of special interest in con-
nection with the electric street car line
of Halle, Germany, is that the German
government stopped the running Of the
electric cars Immediately after the open
ing ceremony, because they interfered
with the proper working Of the tele-
grams and telephones. The case came
before the law courts and the judges de
cided in favor of the railroad company,
stating that the streets of city were in.
tended for general traffic, and that their
course could not he altered, but that the
postal authorities could easily make any
necessary deviation in the line of the
telegraph and telephone wires so as to
place them beyond the influence of the
electric lines, which use the rails and
earth for the return circuit.-New York
Telegram
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
Thumb Rings.

In the Seventeenth century rings were
frequently worn upon the thumb.
"When l was about thy years, Hail."
says the Fat Knight, 81 was not an eagles
talon in the waist-I could have crept
into an alderman's thumb ring." Thomas
A. Beckett's thumb ring, given to him
by the king of France, was graced with
ruby the size Of hens egg.-Irish
Times.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
A Dakota Sandsfar,n.

Not longer ago than May, 1889, there
was duststorm in Dakota, during
which the soil, to the depth of four or
five inches, was torn up and scattered in
all directions. Drifts Of sand were
formed, in favorable places several feet
deep, packed precisely as snowdrifts are
packed by blizzard. - Goldthwaite's
Geographical Magazine.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
Natural.

1--WE went bang into the iceberg and
slid off to one side. The ship fairly
shivered."
That was natural. think I'd shiver,
so close TO an iceberg. .-Harper's Bazaar.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
How English Statesmen Get Recreation

OF present English celebrities Mr..
Chamberlain is an amateur horticulture
list; Sir John Lubbock passes the flying
moments in studying his ants and bees;
Mr.. Black enjoys yachting among the
Hebrides, and many of the nobility have
Q pronounced fancy for horse racing
Hygiene.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
Settling Her.

Mr.. Richchapp-Miss Beauti does not
seem to be very warm friend of yours.
Miss Pretti--N-o, believe she and
my mother had some sort of a quarrel
when they We're girls.-New York
Weekly.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
At the NIusicaIe.

Suffering Auditor-Will that girl at
the piano never stop? She is making
every one in the room miserable.
Girl at the Piano (sotto voce to gal
liant music turner)-So good of you to
say so? 1t is pleasure to interpret
melody. And it is so sweet to confer
happiness upon others.-Pittsburg Bull
letin.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15
BUFFALO, ROCHESTER, & PITTS
- BURG RAILWAY.

DUNN iA<AlINa1.
The short line between Dubois, Ridgway
Bradford, Salamanca Buffalo, Rochester,
Niagara Falls and points in the upper oil
region.
On and after May I'D, 1892 passen-
ger trains will arrive and depart from Falls
Creek station, daily, except sunday, as fol-
7;IO A. M.-Bradford Accommodation-For
Bradford. 7:15 a. m. mixed train Tor
Punxsutawney.
1O:O5A .M.-Buffalo and Rochester mail-For
Brockwayville, Rdgway ,Johnsonburg,M Mt.
Jewett, Bradford, Salamanca, Buffalo and
Rochester; connecting at Johnsonburg
with II. K Il. train 3, FOR Wilcox, Kane,
Warren, CORY and Erie.
1O:55 A. M-Accommodation-Fo Dubois,
Sykes, Big Run and ndPuRXsutawney.
1:2O p. M.-Bradford Aocommodation-For
Beechtree, Brockwayville, Ellmont, Car
mon, Ridgway, Johnsonburg, Mt. Jewett
4:5O p. M-Mail-For Dubois, Sykes, Big
Run, Punxsutawney and Waston.
1855 P.M.-Accommodation- Dubois, Rig
Kun and punNsutawney.
Trains Arrive-7:10 A. NJ, Accommodation
sPunxsutawney; 1905 AM, Mail from Wal
ston and Punxsutawney; 10:55 A. NJ, Ac-
commOdntiOn from Bradford; 1:20 u. NJ,
Accommodation from PunAsutawney; A:50
p. NJ, Mail from Buffalo and Rochester;
5:S u. NJ, Accommodation from Bradford.
Thousand mile tickets at two cents per
mile, good for passage between all stations.
j; II; MCINTYRE, Agent, Falls creek, Pa.
GEO. W. BAR7LHTT, Jos. p. THOMPSON
General Supt Gen. Pas. Agent
Bradford, Pa. Rochester, n. Y.
The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-06-15

A LLEGHENY VALLEY RAILWAY
"A COMPANY commencing Sunday.
June 3S, 1891. Low Grade Division.
EASTWARD.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1892-11-23
d0lattbmaa 4 Journal,
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER %, 1892.
Double Taxation.
NUMBER ONE.

We had purposed to resume consider
alton of this tject from the point
reached in the discussion in these
columns of November 16 Our some
what hysterical contemporary of the ST.
Johnsbury Republican, moved and insti-
gated by the WATCHNIA's first article,
has jumped into the arena with wild
whoop, presenting certain disputations
and statements that illustrate anew bis
now we'll understood mental malady,
and betray his ignorance of the com
mon facts of the question. We shall
not deem it necessary to address any
direct answer to the contemporaries dis
course, as it is idle TO attempt to reason
with an ill-regulated intellect.
The advocates of one tax on mort
gagged real estate, that is to say the adj
vocates of eXempting mortgages from
taxation, contend, first that the mort
eager should not be taxed because he
is not the owner of the property in his
possession; second that the mortgage
should not be taxed because it is not
property; third, that mortgage exemp-
ton will lower the rate of interest to
the borrower.
AS to the first contention, take the
most common form in which the ques-
ton is presented, that of person who
buys a farm and gives in settlement
his notes secured by mortgage: The
buyer enters into the transaction be-
cause he expects to make money; he
weighs all the circumstances of price,
payments, taxes, interest, production,
etc., and believes the bargain is one
from which he will reap pecuniary
advantage; to all intents and purposes
he is owner of the mortgaged premises;
he can manage the farm as he pleases
the MORTGAGE has no more right than
any other person TO enter upon the
premises; roads, schools and every
branch of municipal government are
LndluldluCu lOl liO DOHOhO VI lLiO W.
cupant of the soil, to assist him to carry
his enterprise to successful issue; if
he was wise his ability to pay the
taxes for the support of roads, schools,
ETC., was considered and decided favor
ably when he bargained for the farm
the state cannot forego the right to tax
the soil, so it is clearly right, just and
reasonable that the first party to this
transaction shall pay the taxes on the
premises he occupies, all whose bene-
fits he enjoys, for whose further bene-
fit laws are made and enforced, and for
whose profit, convenience and protec-
ton government is maintained.
Second, as to the MORTGAGE: By the
transaction considered new estate is
created; contract is made; the legis-
lative branch of the state government
is called upon to make laws defining,
limiting, protecting, enforcing the
rights of both parties to the transaction
the courts are asked to settle disputes
and controversies growing out of trans
actions of the kind considered; the gov
eminent in its minor departments ex.
ercises its powers and functions to en-
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1892-11-23

Win llC bNCltNH vi luG NOulls al lIlS
costs money and constitutes in the ag-
gregate an important item in the eX-
penses of administering the govern
ment; so it is also right, just and rea-
sonable that the mortgage also, for pur-
poses of taxation, shall be considered
property and shall be made to pay its
fair share of the expenses of maintain
ing government. This may be called
"double taxation" or it may be stigma
TIED as " robbery; it is nevertheless
just, equitable and rational taxation.
Third, as to mortgage exemption
lowering the rate of interest to the
borrower: Is this claim sustained by
reason? If the farmers cows should
be exempted from taxation, would he,
therefore, sell bis butter at a lower
price? Or would he continue to sell at
the market price? The butter con-
sumner will continue to pay the market
price, and the farmer will put in his
pocket what he saves by the exemption
of his herd. Equally will the money
lender exact the market rate of inter-
est, and if the state in its wisdom or folly
sees fit to exempt his loans from tax
cation, he will pocket the exemption.
The borrower will pay the market price
for the use of the money.
Is the claim that mortgage exemption
will reduce the rate of interest sus-
tanned by the facts? What is the ans
wer from Massachusetts, where the
exemption law has been in force since
1881? What is the evidence of the re.
port of the Massachusetts tax commits
sioner? In 1880 the average rate of
mortgage interest was .06.1l2; in 1888,
.05 632; in 1856, 40; in 1889,
.05 300. Here is a total reduction of
about four-fifths of one per cent in
nine years. But there had been a gen.
eral decline in the interest rate in that
time, and the decline in the rate in other
classes of securities was much greater
than in mortgages. Every one knows
how great the decline has been in the
government rate. Massachusetts, five
per cent bonds have declined one and
one-sixteenth per cent; New Hamp-
shire skies have declined more than
one and one-third per cent; so
with other standard securities. Thus
in the general decline in the inter-
est rate, it appears that the mort
gage rate has dropped only about one
half as much as other securities; and it
appears, further, that this decline had
set in long before the passage of the
exemption law of 1881, and is in no
wise connected with that measure.
These facts are gathered from the tri-
ennial reports of the Massachusetts tex
commissioner.
Now as to the Massachusetts, law: 1t
commands the mortgage to pay his
share of taxes on mortgaged estate,
"unleSS otherwise agreed IN 1riting."
Invariably the mOrtgager " otherwise
agrees in writing" with the money
lender. He has to, or he doesn't get
his money. So the practical result of
the Massachusetts, law is, that vast
millions of mortg cages are exempted
from taxation; The mortgager gets no
reduction in his rate of interest; he
pays not only the full amount of the
taxes on the real estate he occupies, but
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1892-11-23

state Tor the mllllOnS or taxes IL an
nually loses on mortgages. Why is not
the law repealed? Because in each
mortgage is inserted a provision that if
at any time the law of 1881 is repealed,
and mortgages are again taxed, the
mortgager will pay the taxes on the
land and on the mortgage also. Thus
the sword Of Damocles is hung by a
slender thread above each victim of the
law of 1881, and to prevent it from
descending upon his devoted head, he
is annually compelled to appeal TO the
legislature of Massachusetts to suffer
the exemption law of Massachusetts to
remain on the statute books.
Vermont wants nothing of this Mas
sachusetts law, in whatever disguise
its specous provisions may be presented.
NUMBER TWO.
We have shOwn-in our second ar
ticle on this suhject-that the taxation
of mortgaged real estate is just, reason
able and proper, and that the mortgage
also, as a representative of value, is a
rightful object of taxation. Each con-
tributes to the sum of state expenses
and each should contribute TO the pay
ment of those expenses. If the taxing
of each is double taxation it is justif-
able, because the transaction out of
which the mortgage comes subjects
the state to double expense. The
parties to the transaction engage in it
for profit, and for this they subject
the government to certain expenses.
Clearly it would be unjust taxation
not to say robbery" to employ the
term the advocates of mortgage eXemp-
ton apply to mortgage taxation-to tax
G, the disinterested party, to pay ex-
penses growing out of the transaction in
which A and b engage for tier indi-
vidual gain, and the injustice-the "rob-
berry would be aggravated by ex-
empting from taxation BIS interest in
the transaction.
The bill introduced by the member
from Wdoelock, house bill 26, was in
lroduced to remedy an alleged evil "
sanctioned by existing law, which taxes
both the real estate and the mortgage,
in the instance of a note secured by
mortgage on real estate. For purposes
of taxation, this bill proposed to con-
slider the mOrtgagor aud mortgage joint
owners of the mOIt-aged premises.
Each was TO pay taxes on his actual
interest in the property, unless the
parties otherwise agreed. This is the
Massachusetts law, and this provision
practically throws the payment of the
entire tax on the mortgagor, entirely
exempting the mortgage. So the last
estate of the mortgagUr is worse than
The first, since he not ouly pays the en-
tire tax on the murtgagrd property, but
also the rate of taxation is raised BY
the fact of the mortgages tx, mplion.
The morlgagor reaps NJ advantage in
the way OF IA lower rate OF interest, for
the MORTGAGE gets the market rate for
the use of money, just as the farmer
gets the market rate FOR his WOO, but
ter, etc. This is the pracuca working
of the remedy Tor an "evll that is
largely imaginary, AID the lem
edy" must needs work in no other
way in Vermont unless the laws and
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1892-11-23
NO. Al.

| suspended,
The proposed remedy for alleged
double taxation would largely reduce
the grand list; it would not reduce the
yearly expenditure for schools, high
ways and all the expenses of local and
state government; so when the grand
list is reduced the tax rate must be cor
respondingly raised Thus the "re-
form proposed in the interest of the
mortgager, instead of tightening his
taxes will add to them.
In place of the bill proposed by the
member from Wheelock, the committee
has reported substitute, the distin-
gushing feature of which is the propo-
sition to tax the mortgage in the town
where the real estate is situated. The
right to contract with the mortgagor to
pay all the taxes is stricken out. The
mortgage must pay the taxes on his in
terest in the mortgaged premises; if he
refuses or neglects to pay, the mort
gagor may pay and the mortgage shall
apply the amount Of such payment on
the mortgagor's note.
If this bill should pass, its title
should be changed to read can act to
precipitate the foreclosure of mort
cages and prevent the negotiation of
loans" In towns of the state in which
the aggregate of taxation is above the
average farmer could hardly negotiate
a loan, and loans already made would
be Withdrawn on the earliest possible
day. The deduction of the tax rate
from the legal rate of interest would re-
duce the net rate below the market
rate for the use of money, and money,
like commodities, will go to the highest
market. Furthermore, the money
lender would naturally refuse to place
his money where, in the matter of tax
alton, it might be at the mercy of COM
munities which might regard the for
eign capitalist as fine goose with an
enviable plumage. Laws embodying
the main provisions of this substitute
bill were enacted in New Jersey and
Oregon, with precisely the results we
have described, and they resulted in
wholesale foreclosure of mortgages, in
laying an embargo on the borrowing of
money on real estate security, and
finally in the calling of extra sessions
of legislatures to relieve the commune
ties from the distress occasioned by
such unwse laws.
This measure of mistaken mercy to
the debtor farmer embodies provision
that would work additional hardship
viz, the proposition to abrogate the
privilege he now has of offsetting the
amount of his debts against the value
of his personal properly, by which the
latter is practically relieved from taxa
ton.
There is nothing new in either the
original or the substitute bill to remedy
he alleged evils of double taxation"
These aud similar devices have been
before the legislature at every session
Tor years. The general assembly is al
ways made up largely of farmers.
La the discussions in the committee
room and on the floor of the house the
true nature of the measures has been
revealed and none of them has ever re-
ceived "a majority vote, and it is best
that they should not.
We have not by any means exhausted
the sources of objection 10 these
measures, or touched upon the abuses
10 which their passage would open the
door.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-03-04

Il.
almost inevitably fatal. DR.. Vincent, o1
Springfield, ILL.,, the old family physician Of
Springer, has been teiegraphed for at tho re-.
quest OF the patient and with the approval
q the attending physicians in this CITY.
while springer's family have the greatest
confidence in the attending physicians,
they hope that the presence of DIR. Vincent.
who is an old friend as we'll rs a skillful
physician. may buoy up the patient and
help hlm to battle against the virulent
disease. This view is shared by Drs Custis
ana Verdi. During most of the time
Springer is conscious and although suffer-
ing the most intense pain, day and night,
ne Is fully apprised of the gravity of his
condition VA
At midnight his condition was un-
changed. That he is no worse, gives re-
newed hope to his friends, the nature of
the malady being such that every hour in
which he succeeds in battling away death
means that he is gaining over the disease.
Learning from bedside wachers that an
Associated press representative was in the
house. he requested that he be admitted to
the sick room, and said to him, after
grasping his hand:
am no worse tonight and believe I
am going to get a fresh hold. If I
can Just keep down this cough,
which is sitting me. I'm all right
Further conversation was stopped by q
recurrence Of tit Of nervous coughing,
whichTconvulsed the sick mans frame in
agony... Attendant physicians believe that
if no change for the worse takes place be-
fore tomorrow noon. there will be reason
TO hope for bis recovery. Inability to
sleep and the nervous desire of the patient
to talk to anyone within reach are regarded
as but indications Of the harassed and rest
less condition of his brain, and the physi-
clans now find in this inability to take re-
pose the greatest menace to his life. As
around, he is perfectly conscious and co.
herent in his speech. but as soon as conver-
sation dies out or he is enjoined to silence
he rapidly drifts into delirium, talking at
random of pending legislation in the house.