The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-10-11

among themselves gives articles of neces-
slty TO the people at as low rates as can be
given and maintain our standard of
wages.
gets the goods cheaper, but that the pro-
lection given stimulates production, and
enlarges the held of manufactures and
gives employment to thousands who
would otherwise be driven into agricult-
ure, and thus render that pursuit less
profitable.
EXAMPLES.
Let us see il this is not true. The
country has been made familiar with
many instances Of the cheapening results
OF protective legislation upon articles of
consumption. Their truth cannot be de-
MED, and the conclusion to which they
point is inevitable. Let me catalogue
some of these:
IRON INDUSTRIES.
In 1916 we produced SO0,000 tons of pig
iron; in 1860, 81 600 tons. This was the
period of free trade. In fourteen years
began protective legislation. By 1892 we
had increased the output of pig-iron to
9,202, IO3 tons. Let Us follow this little
| further. In 1882 the United States pro-
duced 4,62S,32 tons, and the United
Kingdom of Great Britain S,493, 2S7 tons.
In 1891 the United States produced 9.2I9,-
133 tons, and tho United Kingdom $685.
4s6 tons. We ran ahead OF the produc-
ton of Great Britain about ,000, 900 tons
and produced nearly ten times as much
as we did in 1860
But this is not all, In the fiscal year
1857 we imported So, $50, 422 and ex ported
SlO, 103, lS2. In the fiscal year 1892 we inn
ported sit, ,2OI and exported $50, 463, I64.
we reduced oGr imports of pig-iron over
Sll ,O0O,O 600; we increased our exports by
nearly SIT, 600, 600. In 1882 England was
making 81 per cent. OF the aggregate used,
the United States % per cent. and Ger
many 20 per cent. In 1891 the United
States was making Il per cent, England
20 per cent. and Germany % per cent.
Now as to prices. In 1866 q ton of 2,240
pounds cost so rs; in 1891 ton of 2, 240
pounds cost SIT 81.
Let us look at some of the products of
iron:
Cut nails-In 1860 the price was S. 81
per key; in 1880, 81 Sc per keg.
Wire nails-In 1883 the price per pound
was S.3 cents; in 1891, Is cents.
Barbed wire--In 1882 the price per
pound was ST cents, galvanized; in 1892,
u cents, galvanized.
We made but few wire nails prior to
1883. The duty was then put on of four
I cents per pound. The Mckinley bill re-
duced 1t to two cents, and in 1890 we
| made 3, l35, 81 kegs. They now sell for
less than the reduced duty under the Nc
kInley bill and of course all importations
nave ceased. The prices l give, let it be
understood, are Eastern job rates.
STEEL RAILS.
In 1901 we imported 1850 tons Of
steel rails and we manufactured 30, 357
tons; IN lSSS-S9 we imported 24,27T tons
and we made ,390,974 tons; in 1891 we
! imported only 134 tons; in 1870 the price
! Pitts hnrCr G10h x. i,,J ha
was ST 80.
Inc first duty was IS per cent. ad va
lorem; in 1870 the specific duty was SIS
| per ton; III 1888 the duty was reduced to
40 10; IN 1890 to So, which was 81 less
| than by the Mills bill. We now manu-
facture practically all our steel rails
ana the price is less than the duty of 1870
or 1883 and only a little over one-quarter
the price of 1870.
| IL you Will examine the price list of
articles made chiefly from iron and steel
| you will find the same thing has been
going on. We have reduced the imports
and at the same time have been cheapen-
ing the cost to the consumer.
BEssEMER IRON.
In England, April, $50, price per ton.S11 92
Freight and commission. 3 90
Cost without duty IA 90
| Cost delivered. duty paid...........S21 Cd
fflce IN SO
American is cheaper than English de-
ilyered free OF duty.
STEEL BILLETs
E In Englana price ;ss;o; 60
% 60
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SO
| Cost delivered dutv mold GOO a =
Price in Pittsburg. ..................S22 SO
| American cheaper than English deliv-
cred tree OF duty
American cheaper by 1915 than Eng
lish delivered. duty paid
Again we have the claims of protection
! lists fully yindicated.
| The Cologne Gazette recently protested
through its columns against the German
Government purchasing 10000 tons of
| steel rails from England. That paper
| figured up the loss to German workmen
as follows: The raw iron required, Is, OC0
tons; ore, $4,000 tons; limestone, II, 900
tons; coal, $4,000 tons for coke. Cost:
Mining the coal...,...... $50 90
CnafflnS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 2,61S 90
Breaking limestone. 92s 90
3ilnlhS ore. 26,2S7 90
Making raw 1ron........................1 1886 90
Making steel ralls..................," 81 AGO 90
Total of wages. 20
The Gazette declared it to be the first
duty of statesmen to provide for the we'll
being OF the people at home.
WOOL AND WOODEN INDUSTRIES.
Another of the great sources of wealth
| to our country are our wool and wooden
| industries. / have never been able to
understand why these of all our indus
tries should have been selected out as
| doomed TO overthrow and destruction by
| the Democratic party.
Every State and Territory in the Union
is engaged in growing sheep for mutton
and wool. The sheep industry is more
widely distributed than any we have
States are among the most important in
the capital invested, value of product
and men employed.
/ have here table of the sheep in the
United States January l, 1892, as given
by reliable statistics. 1t shows the num-
Der of sheep in each State and Territory,
average price per head and total value:
Number. Av. Price. Value,
Texas, 5,o94o,d5g55 81 50 s7,8os,259
| California;, OS3,54 242 9,S74,2I1
| Oregon ..-...2, 456,077 "a 5,49I7S9
| Michigan g, 353,779 S FL 1850, 1898
| New Mex.~2, 967,4So sd 4566 SOC
Montana. 9, 0e9,337 z so 5,223,342
Utah..-.......2, o55, 800 26 4,650,466
! No. Head.
| New York, Pennsylvania, Indi-
| ana, Colorado and Wyoming
have each 900 900
| Wisconsin and Missouri each over. 100000
| Illinois 100000
Kentucky oVef....,.... 100000