davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
SELLING POWER GONE.
THAT'S THE REASON BEARS CAN'T
KEEP DOWN STOCKS.

A Big Demand for Bonds Which MUS
Soon Extend to Shares-The Market
Still Professional-No News to Infiu
| ence Prices, and No Big Changes.
NEW York. May 27.-The stock market fully
maintained its strictly professional charac
ter to-day, and while there was n continu
ance of the late partly successful drives in g
small way, the exhaustion of the selling
power was indicated by the dwindling bust
ness and the limited success in depressing
| prices in the few drives made at tho list
| Advocates of higher prices see much en-
| couragement in the railroad bond market,
| of moneyed institutions which, in the e1-
| traordinary cheapness of funds, are seeking
! this means of investment, which already
| shows signs of depletion, and after its cx-
| tension to less desirable class Of bonds,
must find its only outlet in shares.
The stubbornness with which the late at
tacks have been resistad. and the poor sue
cess in getting prices down, with the absence
of real Selling by London which the bears
had depended upon to some extent, dis
couraged the further selling of short stocks,
and the manipulation had evidently for its
object the recovery of stocks already put
out. There was during the day marked
lack of offerings at ruling prices, and conse-
quently the market sank into intense dull
ness at times; and, as usual at such times,
a few stocks monopoiZed the trading and
the general list remained devoid OF feature
There was, also, an absence of news of a
CuaTlCleT To lllHueHCe duu
tions outside of L few stocks were confined
to the smallest fractions. Western Onion
and Sugar led an upward movement which
extended to large fractions. The result of
the persistent circulation o! bull points was
seen in the sharp, upward movement in
Colorado Coal, which rose 8 per cent to 80. but
gains in the railroad list were confined to
fractional amounts.
The afternoons trading developed no
feature worthy of note and no movement
of Importance. There was some strength
displayed in the late trading on efforts to
cover but the market finally closed only
steady to firm, generally at close to first
prices.
The total sales of stocks to-day we're l99-
5lS shares, including Delaware, Lackawanna
and Western, 4, 400 Erie, 5000: Louisville and
Nashville, l,750: Northern Pacific preferred,
Is, IFS; New England, 3,l00; Reading, 29, 800;
Richmond and West Point. 5,306: St. Paul,
1925; Union Pacific, 1900; Western Union,
l2,22S.
Railroad bonds were also drifted into dull
ness in the afternoon, ana while the total
transactions reached ST 9O4. 900 there was after
the first hour no marked tendency in prices
and little character to the dealings. None
of the more prominent issues showed either
strength or activity, except Atchison in
comes, which furnished $3.50 900 to the total.
The market closed firm, as it had remained.
The following table shows the prices of active
stocks on the New York Stock Exchange yester-
day. Corrected daily for THE DISPATCH by WHIT
NEY & STEPHENSON, oldest Pittsburg members of
the New York stock Exchange, 81 Fourth avenue.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
Closing Bond Quotations.
Bank ClearIngs.

NEW YoRK-Bank cearings, slO5, $40 s26;
balances, $56s0 967
BosToN-Bank clearings. $13. 951, ,s37; bal.
ances, 81 $751; 42S: money u per cent; ex.
change on New York, par
PHrLADELPHIA-Clear arings, s1o.9sO, ,5s5: bal.
ances. Sl,G57.5s0 Money per cent
BALTIMoRE-Bank clearings, 81, ,271, ,3l9: bal
ances, $493.355. Money, 6 per cenr.
NEW ORLEANs-Clearings 1913, ,S96 New
York exchange, commercial. &c per 81 900
premium. Bank, 81 50 per $1,000.
MEMPHIs-New York exchange sellin q at
81 80 Clearings, $3S5 042; balances Sl54,4s
ST. LoUIs-Bank clearings 50, ,09l, ,493; bal
ances, $5l5,679. Money quiet and easy at 446
per cent. Exchange on New York 90c pre-
MUM.
easy al 312@Si per cent for call loans, $685.
per cent Tor time. New York exchange 75c
premium
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

are quiet. AIillfeed and hay are slow, and
the advantage in both lines is with the
buyer.
Following are prices for carloads on track.
Dealers charge an advance from store:
WHEAT-No. red. 940s4Iac: No. 3 red. sO99lc.
CORN-NO. yellow ear. 5215(653c: high mixed
ear. 5i@5114c: mixed ear, 491s@z0c: No. 2 yellow
sheled, 52IsG53c: high mixed shelled, 52@521sc;
mixed shelled. 5iGl5lHc.
OATs-No. oats. Ss@3S%c; No. white, BIZ
@3sc; extra No. oats 36lS@37c: mixed oats, 3514
@36c.
KYE-Noi Pennsylvania and Ohio. S5t9S6c; No.
2Western s3G8Ic.
FLoUR-Jobbing prices-Fancy spring patents,
y SSG5 co. fancy winter patents, a sa9? co. fancy
straight winter 81 5GG4 70: fancy straight spring
p 50D4 rs: clear winter 81 256i 80; straight xxx
bakers. "a 2f614 80. Rye flour. s 7Jdl5 90.
M1LLFEED-No. white middlings. sl7 O0dI7 so
per ton: No. white middlings. sI9 OO916 co: brown
middlIngs, SIS Goals 50: winter wheat bran SIS 5O
Is IS: chop feed SIS 0Od,16 90.
HAI.Baled timothy. choice. sl4 0O9li 25: No.
Sl3 15pl4 90: No. S2 75ll3 90: loose from wagon.
s5 OWG CO. according Ia quality; prairie hay 50 80
@l0 90: packing hay. S. 75Gl9 co.
STRAw-Oats, 81 25@g7 80; wheat, 81 0O@7 o5; rye,
50 UG(9S 25.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

NEW YORK, May 27.-Business in drygoods
was under fair headway at first hands, with
some activity in wide sheetings and in tick
ings. A few lines of fall ginghamS are also
selling with some freedom Most of the
on the market Tor some time, are we'll
under contract. Converters are again more
active in taking heavy brown cottOns. Tho
market continues under good tone, with
an upward tendency in some directions
Higher prices are being talked of for next
seasons prints. Thorndyke tickings were
advanced to-day &c IL yard. Print cloths
continue firm at SIC, at which price manu-
facturers refuse to sell.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
Grain, Flour and Feed,

Sales on Fridays call at the Grain E1-
change: One car No. 9 white oats, CSC, spot;
l car extra white oats, 37Lc, spot: l car No.
2 oats, 3734c, days; 1 car same 3771c, 10 days.
Receipts as Duletined, 81 cars. By Pittsbur.,
Cincinnati and st. Louis Railway-6 cars of
oats, 8 of corn, of hay, of bran, of wheat,
l of straw. By Pittsburg, Ft., Wayne and
Chicago-3 cars of oats, of hay, of straw, 8
of flour. By Baltimore and Ohio-l car of
hay. By Pittsburs ana Lake Erie-3 cars of
flour. By Pittsburg and Western-1 car of
wheat. The upward movement of corn has
been followed by reaction, and prices are
a shade lower. as our quotations will dis
close. On the other hand, oats are active
and firm at slight advance. Other cereals
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
PARTRIDGE SQUEEZED.
He Is Supposed to Bs Heavily Short on
Corn-The Price of May Rises z Cents
Wheat Trade Only LocaI-Oats Easier
E,lI

Wheat Trade Only Local-Oats Easier
Provisions Fall.
CHICAGO-May corn rose &c to-day and
closed at 4c advance. The cash market was
we'll attended by the few May shorts, who
appear to be standing out waiting for an in
terposition of Providence in their favor. 1t
is surmised that the principal short in the
market is the same big trader who for so
long has been playing successfully the short
side of everything which it is possible to sell
for future delivery. Pardridge apparently,
however, can stand as severe an application
of thumb screws without wincinS as any
one, and although the guess as to his posi-
tion in the May corn deal may be wrong, no
one expects to discover Il confirmation or
denial of it from his demeanor
The amount of business tor May was very
light and the price was very erratic. 1t was
sold early at 63c, and later 64c, 65c, &c, and
even as high as 70c was paid for II limited
quantity. ThacloSing price was sc July,
rom 45aas@4514eat the opening. declined to
4514c anu sold as high as 1870 later. 1t
nights figures The market was slightly
easier on account of the better weather and
heavier receipts.
Wheat trading to-day was almost wholly
local. The opening was about HGlIc lower;
then it rallied 12@5sc; fluctuated within mar
row limits, ana tile closing was about &c
higher than yesterday. The weaker OPEN
ing was due to clear weather and lower
cables, but there was a fair demand, few
outside buying orders being received, and
local operators took on Il little wheat at the
lower prices. which caused the temporary
advance. There was a slight easing off
from the early advance, but larger clear
ances from the seaboard, reports OF drouth
in France and Il firm market at Paris,
together with reports of another storm
forming east of the Rockies, which is likely
to cause rain IN the Mississippi Valley, had
a tendency to create rather firm feeling
for the time being.
Oats attracted little attention and ruled a
trifie easier, the weakness being due to
heavy receipts.
Provisions opened firm on higher prices
for live hogs at the yards, and then fell Off
on the 'longs" unloading, the situation
being the reverse of what it was yesterday,
with the supposition that the market was
pretty well eyened up, although there may
be q few shorts out yet. The impression
was pretty generally expressed that if corn
held up in the face OF fine weather, this
market would rule steady; otherwise it
would 20 all to pieces. Compared with last
night, pork this evening is l5c lower; lard,
TIC, and ribs, 12%c.
rected by John NJ. Oakley & Co.. - Sixth street,
members of the Chicago Board of Trade:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
STIMULATION AT ST. LOUIS.
The Feeling That Prices Won't Go ANY
Lower Is Helping the Market.

ST. LOUIS, Mag 27.-[Specidl Rogers,
Brown Meacham say: a general feeling
tnat prices will not go any lower seems to
have stimulated the market somewhat. 1t
is noticeable that con sumers are not carry
ing as large stocks of pig iron in their yards
as formerly, but realizing that the market
has at last settled down to a defined basis
and that there is no change likely to take
place which will benefit then by buying
from month to month, it is expected that
larger orders Tor deliveries through the year
will predominant.
The outlook in the South is encouraging.
Furnaces are already demanding an ad-
vance, and positively refuse to entertain
further decline, or even accept orders for
long deliveries at present market price.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
The Turpentine NJarkns

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS steady at &c.
Rosin firm.
SAvANNAH-Turpentine firm at 271Sc bid.
Rosin firm 1T ST 050I TO-
NEW YoRK-Rosfn quiet, steady. Turpen-
tine quiet and lower at 30LLc
WILMINGToN-SpiritS OF turpentine steady
Mt 271ac. R0sin steady; strained, CSC; good
strained, 81 OG. Tar steady at ST IS. Crude
turpentine steady; hard, 81 co. yellow dip,
81 90; virgin, 50 90.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
The Coffee Markets.

BALTIMORE, May 27.-Cofrce steady; Rio,
fair, l6%c.
NEW ORLEANS May 27.-Coffee steady; Rio,
rodinary to fair, 14}3@I71lc.
NEW YORK, May 27.-CoGfee options opened
steady points up to doan and close
firm to 20 up. Sales. % 600 bags Including
Nav, l235@l2.4Oc; June, n.S56I2 I5c: july,
lL75@ SOC: August, lLoO@ns5c; September,
II L15@lI SOC; October, lLSOc; December IL 7O6
lLS5c. spot Rio dull and steady; No. I, l3c.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

are to 81 per cent for go to 9o-day indorsed
bills receivable, 81 to 4 for four-months ac-
ceptances, and to for good single names
having from four to six months to rum"
At New York yesterday money on call was
easy at 1@1H per cent. Last loan, N per
cent; closed offered Mt ~ per cent. Prime
mercantile paper 3@5 per cent. Sterling ex-
change quiet ut firm ut 81 s6A for 60-day
bills and 81 SS for demand
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
prime, l5@l7c: fair TO prime, 1O@l3c; common
to good common 6M9c.

prime, 15@l7c: fair TO prime, 1O@l3c: common
to good common, 6@9c.
CINCINNATI-Flour in fair demand and
firm. Wheat scarce and higher: No. red,
sSc Corn firm; No. mixed, 5O65014c, Oats
firm: No. 2 mixed, 3G@37c. Rye quiet: No.
2. s4c Pork quiet at $40 80; Lard easier at
Sc 15@6 90 Bulkmeats and bacon steady and
firm. Butter weak. Eggs steady ut 1910
15c. Cheese steady.
BALTIMORE-Wh Wheat easy; No. 2 red,
spot, 92@9216c: Nav, 9l34@92c. Corn steady;
mixed, spot, 531s95314c; May, 53G5314c. Oats
steady; No. while Western, Ss@3s14c; No. 2
mixed Western, 36Q3619c. Rye steady. Pro-
visions steady Butter weak: creamery,
fancy, 19c: do, fair to choice, 16@lsc; o, imi-
tation, 15@l6c.
MILUAUKEE - Flour weak Wheat
July, Sls4c: No. spring, SIC: No.
Northern. soc. Corn weak: No. 8, 4Sc
33@3419c. Barley-No- ., 5714.; sample, $50
5915c Rye strong and higher: No. l, $50. Pro-
visions quiet; Pork, $40 s.. Lard, Sc 45
DULU -Wheat-No. 1 hard, cash. s6c;
MAY, s6Ic; June, s65Zc: July, SIC: No. 1
July, si1a: No. Northern cash, nc; No. 8.
7213c; rejected, 63c: on track, No lizard, SS14c;
No. l Northern, SIC.
MlNNEAPOLIS-W - May, closing,
S054c; Jrly, opening, size; hirhest, size;
lowest, SIG: closing, sl3sc; September. clos
ing. l91ac; on track, No. l hard, S312c: No.
Northern, SEC; No. Northern. 79@5lc.
kansas CITY-Wheat-The market was
wenl and lower: No. 2 hard, 721&@74c; No.
2red, SG@Slc. Corn lower; No. linked, 42c:
No. White, 431@c. Oats weak: No.
mixed, 32G3213c; No. . white, 33G3ic.
TOLEDo-wneat dull and Steady: No.
cash, 9219c; MAY. 923sc: June; 9C14c: July,
s71sc; An&ust, S514c Corn dull; No. 2 cash
and May, Soc; July, 47r. Oats quiet; cash,
33c. Rye dull: cash, so14c.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, Xxx
and above, 2S@30c: Xxx, 26@2sc; medium, 33I%
@35c; coarse, 3S@35c. New York, Michigan,
96c; medium, S3@S4c; coarse 39@34. Fine
washed delaine, y and XX, 2963lc; medium
washed combing and delaine, S5637c: coarse
ada washed combiug. 32633c; tub washed
choice, 36@3sc: t;Iir, 35@56c; coarse, 33@34c;
medium unwashed conbng and delaine, 26
@2Ic: coarse unwashed combing and delaine,
s6Q27ci Montana, l6@22c; Territorial, l3@2Oc
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

BIRMINGHAM, ALA, May 27.-[SpeciaL 1.-The
iron market is not quotable as vet. Large
orders for No. foundry can be filed at
figures considerably under sll, brokers
placing their lowest price at $40 25 No. is
very little above SO. The movement even at
these figures is not brisk, and there is some
ea.erness on the part OF the railroads TO Sc
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

cure freight. No suggestion with authority
behind it has been made as TO the cause of
the recent reduction of SOC per ton to Pitts
burg points. Il went into effect on Wednes-
day, good for one week. 1t is guessed that
competition of the Tennessee river from
Chattanooga may have caused the tempo
rnry reduction as an eXperiment.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
Little of Interest at Phi,ade,nbia

PHILADELPHIA, May 27.-[Specid l-Rogers,
Brown & Co. say: Another quiet week, with
little of interest to report. Sales are mostly
in small lots for early delivery. Some
special lots have been forced to SALE but
furnaces in the South are showing considera-
Bile firnnesS.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
Boston Electric Stocks.
BOSTON, May 27-[Spccia. 1.-The latest elec-
trio stock quotations to-day were:
Mining Stock Quotations.

NEW YORK, May 27.-Best & Delcher 225;
Crown Point, ITO; Consolidated California
and Virginia, APO; Deadwood. 2lO: Gould &
Curry, ll5; Hale & Norcross, ll50: Homestake,
1850; Horn Silver, 1926: Mexican, $50; NJ. DIablo,
100; Ophir, $50; Savage, 125; Sierra Nevada, l3O
Standard, 135; Union Consolidated, l20.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
THE MONEY MARKET.
No Special Departure From the Conditions
Prevailing for Many Moons.

There was no special movement in local
banking circles yesterday. The call for
money was about up to the average, rates
were unchanged and counter business was
fair. Bank clearings were 81, ,446. 1888 80 and
balances $643, $50 "A. There was some scarci.
ty of Eastern exchange.
A New York authority states: "Commer-
cial paper Is in good demand from all quar-
tiers and the supply is only fair. Quotatio ms
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
The Metal Markets.

NEW YORK, Nav s7.-Pic iron in moderate
demand; american. SA 1916 % Copper
quiet: lake, Sll 956l2 90. Lead dull: doines-
tic, - 2O@4 e71a. Tin steady; Straits. S2l 80
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

LADY CYCLERS of Pittsburg and some
fearless riders described in THE DIS
PATCH tomorrow
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
Bar Silver Quotations

NEW YORK. May 2Z.-[SpecioL. bar silver
ers' price for silver s75sc per ounce.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
LIVE STOCK MARKETS.
Receipts, Shipments and Prices at East
Liberty and All Other Yards.

OFFICE OF THE DISPATCH.
D1rrSnI-pc, EnInLV Mn. o.


Cattle-Receipts, 1,O7l head: shipments. s22
head; market nothing doing, all through
consignments; no cattle shipped to New
York to-day
Hogs-Receipts, 3 400 head; shipments, $500
head: market firm on tops, slow ON Workers.;
Phiadclphias, s. O5@5 10: Workers. 81 $50
O5; 10 cars of hogs shipped to New York to-
dav.
Sheep-Receipts, 1900 head; shipments, 500
head; market fair; best grades 1Oc of, other
grades 25c OFF.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
WOODS PHOSPHODiNE,
The Great English Remedy.

Promptly an1 permanent
" cures all forms of neTy-
Gus weakness. emissions.
spcrmatOrrhea, tmpOtency
and ali effects of abuse or
excesses. Been prescribed
over 35 wears in thousands
Of cases: is ;he only Teil-
able and honest medicine
known. Ask druggists Tor
WOOD'S PUOSPHODIyE.IS
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

he offers some WORTHLESS.
leave his dishonest stO
and we will send bv retu
age, 81: six. S.. One
Pamphlet in plain sealef
dress THE WOOD CHI
ward ayenGe. Detroit. y
Jos. FLEMING & SON. 4
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
WGOR OF MEN

Easily. Quickly, Permanently RESTORED.
WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS. DEBILITY,
and all the train of evils, the results of ovcr-
work, sickness, worry, etc. Full strength,
development. and tone guaranteed in all
cases. Simple, natural methods. Immodi-
ate iInprovement seen. Failure impossible.
1000 references. Book, explanations and
proofs mailed (sealed) free. Address
ERIE MEDICAL CO., BUFFALO, N. z.
jele1
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
IBID,
Philad eIphia StOcks

Closing quotations of Philadelphia stocks fur
nished by Whitney & Stephenson brokers' No. 81
Fourth avenue. members of New York Stock Ex-
change:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

medicine in place of this,
re. inclOse price in letter.
ri mail. Price, one pack
yill please, six will cure
envelope. . stamps. Ad
EMICAL CO., l3l Wood
Itch. Sold ia Pittsburg by
II Market street.
dei7-5i-eOduk
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
MEDICAL.
DOCTOR,
WHIT TIER

SJ4 FEM AVENUE, PIT1SBU RtI, ~.
AS old residents know and lack dlet -
Pittsburg papers prove, is the oldest estab-
lished and most prominent physician in ms
CITY .devotina special IL attention toan chronic
fissa frsa. Gs NO FEE UNTIL CURED
Tn%n,SIs NERVOUS sa sasos msRsf PsRsio de- de-
cav, nervous debility. lack Of energy. ambi-
tion and hope, inpaireI memory, disorderod
sigh, self distrust bashfulnes%, dizziness,
sleeplessness. pimDles. rruptions, impOver-
ished blood failing powers, organic weak
ness. dyspepsia, constipation, consumption.
unfitting the person Tor business, society and
marriage. permanently, sa ely and privately
fS fnroa osallBLOO0 AND SKIN atsssss' sts :ss.
eruptions blOtches. falling hair. bone'. uain5.
:.inndUIar swCllinSs ulceratiOns OF tIs
tongue, mouth, throat, ulcers. old sores. are
cured for life, and blood poisOus thoroughly
sFs no URINARY bisnis and do
rangements, weak back. gravel. catarrhal
DISCHARGES, Inflammation and other painful
symptoms receive searching treamens
prompt relief and real cures.
DR.. Whittier's lifelong extensive expert
ence insureS scientific and reliable treat
ment on common sense principles Consulta-
tion free Patients at distance as carefully
treated aS l. here Of1ce hours, A N. to
p. II. SUNDAY, 10 A. u to | P. r. only. DR
WHITTIER, Sl4 Penn avenue, Pittsburg, Pa
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28
EXCHANGE
STOCKS.

Alleg'y Nat. Bk.
Key. Bk. of P....
Liberty Nat. b =.
Masonic Bank.
Mon. Nat. Bank.
Enterprise Saw.
Armenia lnsur...
Boatman's S lnsur
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

The firmness of sugar already noted has
eliminated in rise. and our quotations are
advanced in accordance with the facts.
With this exception the price list is un-
OH
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-28

Open High Low Clos
Es. ing. est. est. ing.