davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1892-03-06
David Dudley Field No Longer Vigorous

David Dudley Field, the great lawyer and
one of the famous Field brothers, was seen
on the street the other day, remarkably
well-preserved man for one nearly ninety
years of age. His step was somewhat feeble
and he leaned heavily upon the arm of an
attendant. His figure is still quite erect,
but his face is exceedingly pale. rs pays
little heed to business and has been COM
PEELED to give up many of his long walks
and much of his outdoor exercise.
His life has been q remarkable one. If he
has done nothing else in the world he has
shown to young men and old the benefits of
temperate habits, plenty of sleep and OUT
door exercise. But his public life is one
that ell citizens may well emulate. Asa
constitutional lawyer he has few. if my,
equals. Foster CoAISs.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1892-03-06
sometbInr NevIn FuncraIs.

There is talk of establishing a branch in
this city of an English funeral company
that has been successful in London. A
circular before me reads:
The principles Of this company have met
with general admiration and adoption. We
possess everything needed for the perfect
execution of high-class funerals; and have
found our Improvements, viz, the reforma-
sion of abuses and the omission of needless
ostentations favored by all. The five fea-
lures which distinguish our system are
The entire omission of the black symbols of
woe; the use of an open funeral car, or Q
new, improved hearse: broughams for the
mouruers: q separate carriage for the
attendants, to provide against the I'M
seemly practice of riding on the hearse f;
fixed aud published prices, which are al
herel 10 for all work.
sort Of reform in the conduct Of fuHersis.
but whether the English company will
solve the problem remains 10 be seem
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1892-03-06
Increased loads, 1891. ..... a..

This statement shows that the average.
gross revenue per car on ~, 1876 loads hauled
in 1891 in excess of the number hauled dur
ing the same period in 1890 was Sd. 81 This
same statement furnished by the commits
sion shows the average gross revenue per
car in 1890 was SLIP, thus showing de-
crease IN the earnings on the increased ton
mage in 1891 of s.. 0S per car. In the face of
this entirely inadequate gross revenue of
Sl1.42 per car for service performed in 1890
the commission selected the commodities
bearing the lowest rates for still further
reduction. Is it surprising that railroad
building within the state Of Texas is a thing.
of the past, without hope for the futuHes
until present conditions change2 Since tbs
letter was commenced Commissioner Foster
verifes the accuracy of the statements ce1-.
tanned in it in the following language:
BREWERY RATES.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1892-03-06

BREWERY RATES.
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1892-03-06

IN REGARD TO THE MATTER-IF THE RATE
HAS BEEN RAISED IT is IN VIOLATION
OF THE COMMISSION LAW.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
BUTTERFLIES IN THE MOUNTAINS.
They Appear In Sierra Nevada Above the
Limo of Perpetual Snow.

They Appear In Sierra Nevada Above the
Limo of Perpetual Snow.
Pearson's Weekly
A correspondent, writing from California,
gives interesting observations upon the oc-
currenee of butterflies at elevations much
above any noted in Europe. 1t is remark
able, says he, that these creatures of sum-
mer day can fy so far, and can bear such a
degree of cold as they do in crossing our
mountain ranges. Last summer, while on q
peak of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at a n
altitude of 13, 900 feet, saw butterflies sail
ing leisurelY about in the air above me
with no more ado than if it had been a low
land garden. That was above the line of
perpetual snow. In climbing that peak
had passed over snow ten feet deep.
AT another time, in the summer of 1890,
saw butterflies at an altitude OF II, 900 feet
on q mountain of British Columbia, near
the southeastern frontier of Alaska. There
was pass, although q high one, on the
mountain, and the butterflies were going
through it towards the east and seemed to
be migrating. Although these were not so
high as those seen on the Sierra Nevada,
ing to see them-practically almost under
the Arctic circle.
The butterflies were several thousand feet
above the line of perpetual snow. As 1
said, they seemed to be crossing, all going
in the same direction. Those on the Sierra
Nevada, on the other hand, appeared TO be
flying about for their own pleasure, not 60
ing anywhere in particular.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18

as expensive as the cheaper wine. The
cheapest wine is the ordlnaire, which NAV
be had in carafon-a small decanter-for
cents. It is scarcely more than gobletful.
A bottle of the ordinaire costs 90 cents. 1t
is not good. What they call Medoc is "a
cents bottle; it is scarcely not bad. The
st. Estephe which they sell you at % cents
might really be called not bad; while an
extra franc makes grand leap toward good
wine.
What the Better Wines Cost.
The most expensive Bordeaux on the
Duval list is 6 francs bottle; the most ex-
pensive red Burgundy is francs; the most
expensive Sauterne is 3 francs, and the
most expensive white Burgundy is francs
The Duvals revel in cheap champagne. 1t
may be interesting to read the names and
prices of certain brands. They are the
regular champagne bottles. Tisane, 81. The
Cosmos champagne "a. G. Lemaitre) carte
vert, 81; carte bleu, 81 20; carte doree,
81 90. G. H: Mumm's Ay mosseux is 81 20.
These, of course, are restaurant prices. The
extra charge for half bottles is 8 cents.
To conclude, there are two species OF
profit in the Duval restaurants, the profit
of the proprietors and the profit of the Gus
toner. For the management there is a
sure profit on each article with compare
lively large profit on some notable wine,
vegetables and desserts. Two other profits
have not been mentioned, the hors d'oeuvre
and the lIqueurs and coffee. The Partisan
begins his dinner with few olives or a
small bit of fancy sausage at cents,
and ends with a Benedict;ne or other
digestive at about 9 cents.
A Very Satisfactory Meal.
To the customer the only profit consists
in a meal of variety and good taste ap-
preaching elegance, at price little greater
than that of common feed. Let us imagine
dinner: Comsomme, cents; caviare, -
cent; salmon, with green sauce, 20 cents;
roast capon with cress, % cents; fresh cream
cheese, II cents; coffee with cognac, 10
cents; and the wine, say, 40 cents. The
total Is 81 q. If an extra soup be taken,
with a half bottle more wine and another
coffee, this dinner will be enough for two
and cost so cents apiece. Neither of these
prices is cheap for meal, but see what you
get.
And this is the best one can do In Paris
la carte. One dish, two dishes may be
left out or cheaper dishes taken, but the
meal will always come up to 40 cents
apiece, even when two dine together.
There are many restaurants where a COM
plete dinner is given at the fixed price of
% cents or 30 cents, but the food is not to
be depended on. A man had as well 60 to
boarding house
STERLING HEILIG
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
STONES THAT WILL BEND.

Certain Brazilian Specimens Are Flexible
Without Going to Pieces.
Brandon Bucksaw.l
Of most stones rigidity is one Of the m ost
marked characteristics and it is hard for
uninformed people to believe that there
are any stones that can be bent. There
are some, however, that are more flexible
than wood, and bend readily under slight
pressure without breaking. The most
abundant of these is itacolumite, or feI-
ible sandstone. which is found in large de-
posits in Brazil This stone is composed of
separate grains of sand cemented together
with a mineral closely resembling mica or
sericite.
The minerals, being quite flexible in
themselves, confer the same property upon
the sandstone as whole. The way in
which the cementing material was intro
duced into the itacolumite is not easy of
explanation. Mica aud sericite are not
soluble and could not have been deposited
by water, like calcite or silica
1t is most probable that they were origi-
nally introduced in the form of clay or
some similar material, and afterward met
amorphosed by heat, pressure and super
heated steam into micaceous mineral. In
stances of similar change of one mineral
species into another are very common.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
frauds He went South after his trial, and
was drowned in Florida in 1884.
THE CRUEL BUTCHER BIRD.
It Il Very Strong and Often Displays q
Great Deal of Sagacity.

1t Il Very Strong and Often Displays q
Great Deal of sagaCity.
Pomona tCal) Progress.l
The butcher bird, that is familiar to all
ranchers in this region, is considered by
some Of the foremost ornithologists as the
most sagacious bird in America. Thomas
Oldham, of Kordsburg, tells US that he be-
Heves it as cruel as sagacious.
"I have paid lots of attention to pair of
common butcher birds at my place for six
MONTHS" said he to us the other day, "and
have learned many new things about the
habits of the peculiar butcher bird. A pair
OF them have followed lue while at plowing
for three or four days at a time, watching
and waiting for me to overturn a nest of
ield-nice. When / overturn a nest they
will pounce down upon the little mice, and
claw and peck them to death. Then the
mouse carcasses are carried away to some
neighborjng orange or lemon tree, and
spiked upon the thorns. The birds seldom
eat the mice, but Just kill them from
sheer love of the excitement. When they
can spike a live mouse, or even a rat, on q
thorn, they futter about and chatter with
themselves as if they had great fun IN see
ing the rodents squirm and twist in the
throes of death.
"But I am most surprised to see how
strong butcher birds are and what they can
life and fly away with. 1 have often seen
toads that had been impaled upon the thorns
of century plant on my place, and lett to
die. Because these birds are destructive to
gophers and rats, they are considered the
friends of the orange grower"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
Electric Bell. in Churches.

PIaygoers are familiar with the electric
bells which ring in all parts of the house
Just before the curtain goes up. This use
full device has been adopted at Spurgeon's s
Tabernacle in London. Strangers are kept
in the aisles until five minutes before the
service. BY this time the regular seat
holders are supposed to have taken their
places, and the electric bell signal is made,
followed Immediately by general rush for
the best seats that remain vacant
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
DUE TO VENETIAN MUD.
Adoption of High -Herled Shoes Often Halt
Yard in Height.

The National Review.1
The streets of the City of Venice were
often extremely thick in mud, in spite of
the great sewers which dated from the tenth
centzry. It is easily conceivable. Even
now, with but $4,000 or 10000 inhabitants,
the thoroughfares between the Piazza and
the Rialto are sometimes sufficiently bad.
We are writing of the time when the popu-
lation was nearly five times what it now is,
and when Venetian trade was at its zenith.
Well, to combat this mud the ladies took
to bigh-heeled shoes. As the mud grew
worse tie heels became taller ard taller,
until at length they were half yard high,
and as difficult to control as pair OF stills
without handles The consequence was
that a lady in full dress, obliged 10 walk
but . few varls,. had to be supported on
both sides This was q task for the black
pages, or the lovers, who had now become
. very conventional part of Venetian soci-
ETY..
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
An Aluminium Microscopes.

A microscope now made of aluminium
weighs only 2 pounds 1O1l ounces a.
against pounds 13 ounces when made In
brass. The screws are Of brass, the Camp
bell fine adjustment Of steel, and the nose
piece Of German silver
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18

supplanted them; for example, St Valen-
tines Day took the place of the Roman
LupercaIis; Easter took the name and
place of the spring festival among the Sax
ons; and other instances might be given.
Before the 25th of the month had been
chosen, the feast was observed on Jan uary
6, the feast of the Epiphany, or Twelfth
Night. The older Christmas customs par
take of the nature of the customs preya-
lent during the Saturnalia: the customs are
observed during the entire Christmas sea-
son, which ends with Twelfth Night, so
that on the whole the suggestion made
above as to the reason for the choice of the
day seems to be good.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18

What is meant by the words "duchy" and
"duke2" w. II. Z.
Originally duchy was district gov
erned By duke, and duke was general;
the word comes from the Latin dux,
leader. This idea holds in Germany,
though of late the French and British idea
of dukedom has come into force there.
In Germany we find the Duchy of Anhalt,
the Grand Duchy of Baden, etc; and we
likewise find one or two modern dukedoms,
whose dukes do not rule over any country.
For instance, Bismarck declined to be Gre
ated Duke of Lauenberg. In France and
Great Britain for hundreds of years past
there have been only two duchies, though
many dukedoms, the distinction being that
a duchy is a territory ruled by duke,
while a dukedom is the rank held by
duke. These two duchies are, in England,
the Duchy of Lancaster, whereof the
Queen is duke; and the Duchy of Corn
wall, whereof the Prince of Wales is duke.
What States pay the largest salaries to
their Governors? Z. L. N. b.
New York pays her Governor $1,000 a
year, and gives him house and allowances
for keeping it in order; New Jersey and
Pennsylvania pay their Governors $4,000
a wear, but do not give them houses Ohio
paws him S., 900, and California and Illinois
pay Sc, 00O year each. Ten States pay
$1,000 a year each, and Oregon and Yer
mont pay $1,000 year each to their Gov
ernorS
Was General Babcock, President Grants
Private secretary, implicated in the whisky
frauds? c. BYRON.
He was accused of being mixed up with
the frauds, and resigned as Secretary Feb
ruary "a, 1876. He was indicted and tried
and acquitted Of all participation in the
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
And glory guards with solemn round
Tho bivouac OF the dead.
What is or was 'the Fronde" to which we
find allusions in French history2

What is or was "the Fronde" to which we
find allusions in French history9
STUDENT.
The war of the Fronde, or the Sling, was
the name given to civil war which broke
out in France in 164S The Paris boys used
to have mimic fights, with slings as their
weapons, in the city bitches; and the civil
war which had about as much value as one
the boys fights, was "nicknamed 'The War
of the Sling by the Cardinal de Retz
Early in the autumn of 1913 Cardinal MAJ
arin, Prime Minister to the King of France,
determined to punish the Parliament of
Paris for having assumed an undue inde-
pendence, and arrested four of its members.
All Paris rose, and the Kings mother and
Mazarin fled from the city in terror of
revolution. They came back in October,
but departed again in 1649. Then the
mobiles, many of whom were discontented
at Mazarin's changes III the way of govern
ing, Joined with the Parisians, and for a
time seemed as if they would bear down
Mazarin. But the Prince of Conde be-
sieged Paris; the people OF the city found
they had to pay the piper while the mobiles
danced, and early in 1649 q peace was
made.
This peace was the end of the old Fronde.
The mobiles, not contented with the peace,
kept up the new Fronde; Conde and Maza-
rim made various moves on the chess-board
of French politics: the Parisians came in
and went out; and finally, in 1858, every
one being tired of the war, the King was
invited back to Paris, Conde went to Spain,
Cardinal de Retz was imprisoned. Mazarin
was recalled to the side of the King, and
the Parliament of Paris was compelled to
cease its meetings. The war has been
called by MIchelet, the great French his
torian, "a burlesque," 'comic in its origin,
its events, its principles, '"a game of live
ly schooIboys in the interval between the
lessons of those two stern and severe
teachers" Cardinal Richelieu and Louis
XIV
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18

How lorg is it since Christmas was kept
for the first timer BENEDICT.
Since sometime in the fifth century; say
about 1,15O years. Christmas is observed
in December, less because this is supposed
to be the actual month in which Christ was
born than because some day was desired on
which services commemorative of Christ's
birth could be held. December, in Pales-
tine, is the height of the rainy season, when
neither shepherds nor focks could have
been at night in the fields of Bethlehem.
The Romans, the masters of the world, OBJ
served their festival of the Saturnalia dur
ing the month of December; and 1t has been
suggested, with great deal OF probability,
that Christmas Day was instituted to sup
plant the heathen festivals We know that
many other Christian festivals at first
paralleled heathen festivals, and finally
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
What Is the origin OF the quotation mark?
It seems to have no reason Tor its shape.


The mark was originally 90, an abbrevi-
alton for the Latin questio, question. The
''o'' was placed under the 60 and in time
the present strange sign was adopted. So,
too, with what the printers call "scare
mark" | It was first the Latin word 'Io, :"
an exclamation of joy or triumph; it easily
became our exclamation point. The para
graph mark T is the Greek letter corre-
spending in force. though not in form, to
our letter "p." The Greek letter was COM
posed of two upright lines, Joined at the
top by an horizontal line; it was the initial
of the word paragraph, and SO was used to
indicate where O paragraph began; the
heavy black spot, making the sign look like
''p" backward, and believed at that, was
made to distinguish between the letter used
to indicate paragraph and the letter used
to begin paragraph.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18
Is not the death OF two Archbishops Of
York in a single year., 1891, a unique occur
renee? w f O.

Is not the death OF two Archbishops Of
York in a single year, 1891, a unique occur
renee? W. +. o.
DR.. Thomson and DR.. Magee. to whose
deaths you allude, did not die in the same
year, but within a twelvemonth; DR..
Thomson died on Christmas Day, 1890, and
DR.. Magee on May 4, 1891 But their
deaths are not unique occurrence; in 1923,
to go no further back, Archbishop Tobias
Matthew died on March %, and Archbishop
George Mountaigne died on October "a.
But the death of two such high ecclesias-
tics within a twelyemonth is unusual, if
not unique; even in the list of the Popes
such an event has happened only IA times
in the last $50 years. In 1867 there were
four Popes, Gregory x, who died January
II, 1916; Innocent ", died June %, 1876;
Adrian v, died August II, 1776; and John
XXI, died May is, 1867; and in 159O-91,
Sixtus ", Urban VII. Gregory XIV, and
Innocent TX, died. Since 1905, however,
no two Popes have di ed in single year.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-12-18

Was there ever a time whom stakeholder
could cast ballot for each and every slave
whom he owned7 DAILY READER
No; that is, no STAKEHOLDER could vote for
himself and for each of his slaves, too. But
under section 2, clause 3, of Article I. of
the Constitution, representatives were and
are apportioned according to the numbe rs
of the population of the various States.
which were to be found by adding to the
entire number of free persons three-ffths of
all other persons. This gave the slave
holder an advantage, for it made his vote
count for more than that of the non-
STAKEHOLDER, or of the voter in the Stree
States" In 1S43 the ratio between the
representatives and population was
to 70680; say ] to 10000. In
the ''free States" $4,000 votes
elected one representative; in the slave
States there were more than half as many
slaves as there were whites, and of them
two-thirds were counted in making up the
groups of 10000 persons emitted to one
Representatives; so that of each 10000
about %, 900 were negroes, leaving $4,000
as the number of whites, of whom 5000
were voters. So each voter in q slave
State-call him slave holder, if you pre-
fer-had as much power at the ballot box
as one and fve-ninths voters had in a nom
slave State. But this does not say that
slave holder had one vote for himself and
one for each slave. At the same time that
slave holders had so much extra power at
the ballot box they were liable to proper
tionate increase in the direct taxes; only
the United States levied no direct taxes on
them.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1892-09-27
Where Are Their Feet =?

nv a combination made between the
liverymen Of Chicago the World's-fair
people are to be charged $40 apiece for the
200 carriages which they need at the dedi-
cation ceremonies on October 2ist. Inc
usual price is 80.
Tho liverymen say that this IL mere
matter OF business-that Is, of supply and
demand-and that they can get this rate
from the public IL the commissioners DO
not wish 70 hire their vehicles.
Whatever may be the Chicago view peo-
pie generally regard this putting up OF
prices as extortion. II it Is 70 be followed
this year and the next by like action on
the part Of hotel and boarding mouse:
keepers the Exposition will fall far snort Oh
the expected success. Chicago got pau
name for extortionate charges at the time
of the Inst National Democratic Conven-
ton. and many who went there then re-
solved that they would never return under
any circumstances whatsoever.
A check ought to be put upon this sort
of thing. The World's-Fair Commissioners
might well do it right here IN the matter
of carriages. They have the opportunity
10 give Chicago a memorable lesson. Lev
them refuse TO hlro any carriages. and let
the procession OF distinguished guests.
men and women. home aud foreign poten-
tates move on foot, where street-cars or
railway trains are not available for trans
portation. BY the adoption of this indie
pendent course a unique feature could be
introduced into the programme Of exer-
clses for dedication-day, Chicago would
receive a beneficial lesson. which would
also prove of public advautag and the
commissioners would save to their trea-
sury a large sum of money. Besides
greater crowds OF people would turn out
TO see the President. the justices OF the
Supreme Court. and the foreign ministers
trudging through the streets on foot than
to see them in carriages.
1t is for the sake Of Virginia, not of Chi
cago, that we want to see Virginia well
represented at the Worlds Fair.
We do not include ali Of her citizens in
one general and sweeping oondemna-
tion--for there are many good, honest peo-
pie there-but it is fact that too often
in that city the stranger is looked upon
merely as a bird 10 be plucked.