The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, 1892-08-24
THE INQUISITI0N.
AN INSTITUTION THAT EXISTED IN
SPAIN FOR GENERATIONS.

Its victims Are Numbered by Hundreds
OF Theusands-First Directed Against
Jews, Anerward Heretic Christians
Were Tortured and Killed.
Perhaps those who have accused Chris
topher Columbus of narrow, sectarian
bigotry and of cruelty have not suili-
GENTLY taken into account the spirit of
the age in which he lived. The intol-
erance, the bigotry and the merciless
cruelty Of that time are sufficiently illus
trated in that most monstrous of institu-
tions, the Spanish inquisition.
What is called the modern inquisition
was established in Spain under the reign
of Ferdinand and Isabella-sovereign
who possessed many Of the elements Of
greatness, and who certainly brought
Spain to high position among the ma
tions of the world. Yet It was under
the reign of these two sovereigns that
the monstrous inquisition was estab-
lished.
This inquisition consisted of com
mission consisting Of several judges,
whose duty It was to hunt out heretics
and punish them. The primary object
of the inquisition was to extirpate
every trace of heterodoxy, and make n
land where none but the orthodox could
live. II succeeded in its attempt, but
L.. nf tto f,tr
nishes one of the most bloody mar
ratives to which the race has ever lis
tened.
The attention of the inquisition was
first directed against the Jews. This
thrifty race of people then, rs now,
were conspicuous for their financial inn
portance. In the course of time many
Christians became their debtors, and It
is probable that the desire to escape
these just debts frequently occasioned
the seizure of these unfortunate Jews
for heresy. The Christian not only did
not feel it incumbent upon himself to
pay his debts to heretics, but even all
their property was confiscated.
These heretics could be accused anony-
mously, and it was not considered neces
sary to bring the accused and the ac
cuser face to face. The accused hereto
was seized without warning, conveyed
to the chambers of the inquisition and
rigidly kept from all intercourse with
the outside world. No relative or friend
to condole with him or to advise him
was permitted to come into his presence.
He was kept in ignorance of the charge
upon which he was incarcerated. Coun.
sci was allowed him, but this was a mere
formality, for this counsel was not al
lowed to confer with him.
II the prisoner refused to confess his
guilt, or was caught in evasions or con-
tradictions, he was conveyed to the tor
ture chamber, where he was submitted
to the intensest agony which it is pos
sible for human nerves to sustain.
Doubtless many innocent men declared
themselves guilty under this exquisite
torture in order to escape the terrible
agony. Indeed death was preferable to
the torment.
The evidence upon which the heretics
were convicted seems to us entirely in
sufficient. 1.-THE presumptive proofs"
says Prescott, "by which the charge of
Judaism was established against the ac-
cused are so curious that few of them
may deserve notice. II was considered
agood evidence of the fact if the pris-
oner wore better clothes or cleaner linen
on the Jewish Sabbath than on other
days Of the week; if he had no
fire in his house the preceding even
ing; If he sat at table with Jews,
or ate the meat Of animals slaugh-
tered by their hands, or drank o
certain beverage held in much estima-
ton by them; if he washed corpse in
warm water, or when dying turned his
face to the wall; or, finally, If he gave
Hebrew names to his children-a pro-
vision most whimsically cruel, since, by
q law Of Henry II, he was prohibited
under severe penalties from giving them
Christian names. He must have found
it difficult to extricate himself from the
horns of this dilemma"
If the accused was found guilty, as he
usually was, he was led forth in great
ceremonial state, accompanied by pro-
cession of high ecclesiastics, submitted
to revolving insults and ignominiously
burned at the stake.
While Torquemada was inquisitor
general, period of eighteen years, over
10000 heretics were burned at the stake,
nearly 1000 burned in effigy and almost
00,0o0 subjected to heavy and igno-
minious penalties. This makes an av-
erage of over 5000 persons annually.
The inquisition was at first directed
against Jews, but afterward against
hereto Christians themselves. 1t con,
tinued its awful work through many
generations, and its unfortunate victims
were numbered by the hundred thou
sand.
The present degradation and degener
acy Of Spain is due to this cause more
than any other. Wherever fetters art
put upon the human mind the race de
Gays, shrivels and degenerates. Whor
ever freedom of thought is prohibited {
race Of intellectual pygmies must neces
sarily result, Humanity progresses