davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
The Canincs. Doomed.

by reference to the continuation
Of the proceedings fthe Police
Jury published in this issue, it will
he seen that that body did take
action towards the thinning out of
the worthless, and almost num-
herless, ours that nfc>t the diffc-
rent localities. both town ami
country, within the limits Of the
parish. If carried out, and 1t is
made mandatory upon the consta-
b!es of the several wards to act
as exccutio,ierS, the law Will have
the effect of lcsScning tic number
of dogs and. ais II consequence,
making more remote the dangers
of that horrible and fatal nalady
-hytlrophcbio.
The law as passed Is not con-
ccivcd and constructed ON. the
lines suggested b; tile SENTINEL,
nor is 1t the best that could have
been devised. We arc convinced
that the license or tax system
would have subscrvcd the purpose
better, and more thoroughly even,
for should the tax have been plac-
ed ut say five dollars, with II fine
of ten dollars tor the owning or
harboring of IL dog that docs not
wear the tax tag, does anyone
doubt that the colured population
who own the great majority
of the herd that is Iot
literally ovcrrunning this
environment, would gladly make
away with their ours rather than
pay the tax, thus absolutely taxing
dogs, hydrophobia and the nuis-
ance Of many slecpIess nights, en-
tircly out Of existence?
But the ordinance as passed is
to be enforced, and in the name
our people we respectfully call
upon the proper officials to put 1t
into prompt and strict execution.
But here let us remind the public
that this ordinance to kill dogs
does not license cuery body to kill
dogs. No not more than the
death warrant read to Il condemn
ed man permits his execution by
other than the proper officers of
the law. In other words the kill
ing is no, to be done by individu-
ais ind,scriminatcly. Let all bear
this fact steadily in mind. But
the proper officer must carry out
the mandate.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Electric BittcrS.

This remedy is becoming. so we'll
Known and so popular as to need no
special mention. All who have vsed
Electric Bitters sing the same song of
praise.-A purer medicine does not eX-
list and it is guaranteed to do all that it
claimed. Electric Bittcrs Will cure all
diseases of the liver and kidneys, will
remove pimples, boils, salt rheum and
other affections caused by impure blood.
will drive malaria from the system
and prevent as well as cure all malarial
ftvers For cure of headache, consti-
patton and indigestion try Electric Bit
ters-Entire satisfaction guaranteed, or
money refunded.-I'rice Scots. and 81.
per bottle at Kilbourne 4 Cos drug
store. ,
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Confusion of Police Jury Pro-
cccdings, Meeting of May 2ni.

Resolved. That any dogs running
ut large arc to be killed, and any
person having Il dog, in violation
of this ordinance shall bc subject
to Il fine of five dollars, to be COL
lected before any court of compc-
tent jurisdiction. 1t shall also be
the duty of the constable to kill
dogs running ut large III violation
Of this ordinance.
Resolved, That 1t shall be the
duty of each member of the Po-
lice Jury to furnish Il complete
and detailed list of the different
merchants and others doing bus
mess III their respective wards in
this parish, subject to license, to
the clerk of this Police Jury. and
ne shall furnish the Parish Treas
urer with a copy of said list. 1t
shall be the duty Of the Parish
Treasurer to keep Il sepcrate IL
censc collecting book and record
of each license payer and the grade
of which they are liable.
The following Road Overseers
were appointed:
Sam Evans from Bayou Sara creek TO
Baine's pond.
Fisher Hilliard from mouth of lane be
low Lopez's store to Bayou Sara creek.
w G. Wade from Merwin's store to
Mississippi river.
Charles Sterling from Jones bayou to
lane below Lopez's store.
Oar Franklin from Bayou Sara creek
ford at Mrs. Grey's to Mississippi river
John Semple from Merwin's store TO
Jones bayou.
A. ID. Percy from Bakers creek to
Bayou Sara creek at Woods store.
George Washington from Bayou Sara
to Bakers creek at st. Mary's church.
John l.. Mock from big Bayou Sara
creek at Mrs. Grey's ford, to forks of
road above Lopez's store.
Willie shaw from Mrs. Bourgeois place
to Greenwood landing.
RYoor from Robt. Percy's to Mrs.
Bougcois' place.
G. NJ. Stewart from Laurel Hill to
Thompson's creek.
Morris Ogden from Thompson creek
TO liowell's store.
Willie Minor from Howell's store to
STATE line.
G. B. Hamilton from poplar tree TO
Laurel Hill.
Stephen Jones from poplar tree to |
Wakefield,
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

for apprehension. and that was on
the lower levec, track of the l..
n. O & +. where a craytiSh hole
LEAK caused much solici,ute and
the active and continuous lahors
of tho railroad hands for several
days up to the time we write,
Thursday noon when the leak had
been gotten comparatively under
control.
Since tho above WAS written the
mail brings titiings OF tho abanGon-
ment of all efforts to close the Gre
vase at Bonnet Caro-. Until ar
lar gements FOR the transfer by boat
of passengers at the break can be
perfected, tlry viii so by the route
Indicated above.
The news from the rivers above is
imply appalling to the people Of the
lower valley. 1t is calcu!.'rd that
wi,hin the next S OF 10 days the river
at Vicksbrrg will attain 10 the Stage
of 81 feet OF 3 feet higher than it is
now, and to add TO the distre> sing
prospect Red river is coming out with
n tren endrous b.son..
Our people now know what to OK.
pect ard they should govern them
selves acc rdingly.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
High Water Notes.

The lcvcc on the Mississippi
river, just Mt the lower end Of the
Bonnet Care lcvec and in front
of the Gypsy and Anchor planta-
tions, gave way early Monday
morning. The point of disaster
is SO miles above New Orleans
and one mile below old Bonnet
Carrie crevasse.
This break, though it will be
productive of very great damage
and loss, will not cause anything
like the widespread disaster that
attended the Bonnet Carrie or even
the Nita cravassc. The water will
be detected by the banks and bills
deposited by the flow through old
Bonnet Care break, and will go
directly, almost, INTO Lake Pom
chartrain. in this course 1t crosses
the l.. n. O & 7. railroad which is
now inundated sufficiently TO sus-
pend traffic by hat route, and the
Illinois Central, (six miles further
back,) but the latter road il we'll
culvertcd, and the flood rlshes
through without covering the
tracks.
Only on Wednesday did we get
our city papers of Tuesday, owing
to the circuItous route they were
compelled to traverse IN order to
reach this destination. From the
best we have been able to learn,
passengers, and mail matter
will go bet wccn here and
New Orleans wal NIcksburg
and the Illinois Central route.
Efforts are being made to close the
break at Anchor or build crib
work sufficiently high to permit
resumption of traffic on the Mis-
sissippi Valley road.
For our local outlook: we can
only say to our people-be watch
full. The continuous rise IN the
river has averaged, from time the
we closed last weeks report up to
this writing, Thursday, onc-tenth
of "A foot per day. And in justice
to our friends who rely upon us
for correct information, we will
state that the latest information
from above forbodes much water
yet to come.
The local situation remains sat
isfactory. The drainage machi-
merry has done magnificent work |
on the rain and step water, and |
the levecs in general exhibit an
excellent condition. Only at one
point has there been any GAUGE |
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

n~The Question, 'What Is the
Ancient Order Of Hihernians' !?
Is best answered in the following
extract from speech by Judge
Wilhere, ut the manlticent BAN
quet at the ST. Charles Hotel,
New Orleans, on Thursday even
ing, 18th instant: 1.-The question
is asked, what is the Ancient Or
der Of fiibernians? 1t is II socie-
ty of Catholics, of men of Irish
birth or descent, whose hearts are
never closed when any Of Gods
creatures are in want, whether
they belong TO our church or not.
It Is charity which knows no
creed, no color nor condition of
man, but an order which recognize
es that the common brotherhood
of man is the common brother
hood of God"
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Literary Notes.

DoNAlIoE' MONTHLY MAGA-
zinc, for June, is brlm full OF en-
cellcnt articles. The leading ar
ticlc Is on Rev. Minot j. Savage
and Evolution by ii. l.. II; Rev.
james !lalpln, &. G., continues
his subject on the Irish Crisis:
Rev. Thomas Mulvancy, of St.
Francis College, Brooklyn, n. Y.
writes on Manlincss. There is Il
biographical sketch of Patrick
Egan, by j. Nj. r., with por-
trait: the other leading articles
are: Our Catholic Dcaf-MutcS,
their Condition and Necessities
The Basilica of St. Patrick in
Rome, illustrated; Catholics IN
Congress; Holy Water. Togcth-
err with Il great variety Of other
articles, including the Juvenile
Department. The price Of this
Magazine is only $500 Il year;
sl.O0 for six months. Address
DoNAHoE's MAGAZINE, Boston,
Mass.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
At Mrs. AuSteu'S Grocery, Foot Of
the Hill.

Fancy Candy-grcat variety. Jumblcs
Ginger -napps, Oranges and Apples.
CocoanutS. Chocolate,
Fresh Stick Candy. I.ciiio,i<.
Sowilake Crackers. Banner Hams.
Barley. Nernliccili,
Italian Spaghetti Macaloni,
Cheese. Evaporatcd Apples.
Dried Apples. I'rune>.
Green Il black Tea. Homemade Jelly.
Butter. Canned Fruits.
Frcnck Sa.tlincS.
Low CASH PRICES.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

I'm buying Il cough medicine for chill
dron' says II. \. Valdez. II prominent
druggist of Ogden. Utah. never be afraid
to buy Chamberain's Cough Remedy.
There is no danger from it and relief is
always sure to follow. l particularly
recommend ChamberIain's because
have found it TO BE- safe and reliable. 50
cent bottles for sale by l.. Z. kilbourne
A. 90
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21


bVA Washington special of Il
recent date, to the PIcayunc, rela-
tive to the soundings ut South
Pass, says:
Major Quinn's report of work
tone in April at South Pass, Mis-
sisslppi river, has been received
ut the war department, and shows
that surveys were made ut the
head of, and of the shoaler local
tiles throughout the pass also
throughout the jetty channel at
the mouth of the pass, and beyond
the jetties to deep water in the
gulf. Beyond the ends Of the jet
ties there is central depth of 33
feet. The 26 foot channel is 800
feet wide. and the 80 foot channel
is 70 feet wide. At the head of
South pass there Is depth of "a
feet, and the 26 and 30 foot chan
nels are $50 and $50 feet witle res
pectlvely. In Goat Island reach
the depth is 20 feet, and the 26
foot channel is 260 feet witiesS At
n locality from to l 3-6 miles
above South pass lighthouse there
is depth of 27.2 feet, and the 26
foot channel is $50 feet wide. The
report describes the loss of the
German bark Chas. Luling, on
tho 9Th ult., on the sands near the
iett,cs. Her hull Is how nearly
submerged, aud she is lying about
$50 feet soath from the cad of the
west jctty.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Sccrctal.,

Struggling Minister: There
was a stranger IN church to-day
Wife: w hat did he look ike?'
Il did not see him:' Then how
do you know there was a stranger
among the congregational found
IL half-crown in the contribution
box
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

He: II heard you attended the
Handel and Hayden performance.
Were YOU there at the 'Crca-
tIon'?' She Indignantly: sup
pose you will next want to know
if ] sailed i'm Noah's Ark
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
For Sale.

The land belonging to st. Fran
els Church in Pointr Coupcc and
being and lying IN the rear of the
church IN its present location, and
within the line of the now lcvcc.
This land measures ? acres front
by acres in depth. Apply to
Rev. +. \. b. LHforrSt.
New Texas. La.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

~ Ettienne Eeschanrs the nged
murderer OF little Juliette Deit-ch
expiated his crime n the gallows at
ter an imprisonm ent of nearly four
years, in New Orleans, on Friday,
May 6, 1892.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Bucklen's AYnica Salve.

TIE BEST SALvE in the wOrl fer cnts,
bruises. sores. ulcers. salt rhenn. feAer
sores. letter. chapped hanes. chilhlains,
corns. and all SKIN Er,ptions. positively
cures piles. or no pay required. 1t is
guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction
or money refunded. Price ~ cents per
box. For sale BIZ !. L. Eilbo,Irne Il Co.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
~Mrs. Annie Roush, v

s@Mrs. Annie Roush, who
died in Letard, Ohio, day or
two ago, aged LOG years, end who
was married in 1902, was the moth
er of thirteen children. They
continued to multiply until at her
death she left 1900 descendants
and grcat-great- great grand
child.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

Sensational conventions this
year will be held as follows: Re-
publican, June Z, at Minneapolis;
Democratic, June 2l, ut Chicago;
Prohibition, June 30, ut ST. LOUIS;
Alliance. July 4, ut Omaha.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Loan Association.

The Natchez, Miss, Cu-opera-
tive and Benefit Association, of
which Louis j. Winston is the
chief manager. is prepared to
make loans amounting to many
thousands of dollars. Apply to
JOHN j. MARTIN, Ag't,
q. Bayou Sara, La,
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Gu: Argyle from state line to Laurel

CHI: Argyle from State line to Laurel
Hill.
Zack Brown from V. NJ. Jackson's
house to Bayou Sara creek.
V. NJ. jack. = .n..i /. .:4:.:r to Tow
cr Browns gate.
Matt Gilmore from Wakefield to cross
road at II. Is. Barrows'.
Jim Polk from cross rood ut II. B..
Burrows to Jack son ford Oh Thompson :
creek.
II. Is. Barrow from creek ut .\ustins'
to Robertson branch.
Henry johnson from Robertson branch
to Smiths store.
Q. 4. Worthy from Wor,ly'S store to
Jackson road.
Alex Williams from Woodvillc read to
Bowman well.
{. l.. Taylor fran; Eowmru's to
smith lower quarter
Alex Wilson from smith lower l,,ar-
ter TO Smiths store.
j. r. Maryman from Smiths store to
lower Jacks Oh road.
Ii:tullltD.l
creek tosDraushn S,bayon.
Fred Hamilton from Drauyhn's bay
on TO O'tonn.r's bayou.
John Brodcr from O'Conners bayou
tc .AlcXandcr's creek.
Joe Never from Eayou Sara to Gas
pcr's hiamch.
Cato Galloway from GaSper's brarc.,
TO Troy avenue.
VS.. Daniel from Troy avenue 70
Star iIill.
Martin Lcncll from Star Hin to Muir
dock ford
NJ. J. Daniel from Star Hill to CLANCY
creek.
John F. Ard. jr.. from Cha.cy creek
to F!ukcr's ford.
Lawson Adams from Bayou Sara to
Fancy Point.
{. II. Reed from RatcliffS' landing 10
Lopez'> store.
;. l.. Lavcrgnc from .Joor gin house to
Bayou Sara creek.
JAS. Richardson from DeckcrS' ford to
Concord church
III. y. Simmons from intersection near
creek ut -AuStins TO top Of hill near Uir-
ginbotl,ams.
Boyd Hissinbotham from top of hill
near ). X. liigyinbonham' to Iiuwcll's
ford.
VIM. Wright from Crtrecr store to
Lees OLD mill.
y. Is. Right from Lees old mill ID state
.ir,.
Dan Phares from Lees old mill to Sec
ond creek at .\uStius.
r.. Thoms. jr.. from Pipes to Chinn
spring.
Jones Austin from Whitaker springs to
Cnlbrcth
John Griffin. jr., from Gilnor lane to
Dry Branch.
Monroe Morris from Dry Branch to
Ben WilkcrSons
Al. Watson from NilkersonS to How
ellis store.
Jessie Dunbar from Converse store to
Pcrrys gate.
Charles Toorcan from Bayou sara to
top of hill Oh Strings place.
W. Is. Smith from top of hill on Stir
linSs place to Fisher billiards gate.
Willie Converse from Freyhaus corner
to Baincs pond.
X. \. Rely from Jones gate to bridge
1T VII store.
Stevs Bellish from bridge at Wins gin
to top of hill at cOlorcd church..
ChaS. w. Davis from beech tree TO
gate on Pickncyvillc and BAYOU Sara
read.
John IeSaSsicr from forks of roads at
{ Dohertys to little Bayou Sara creek
Nick Lee from Como to tree that
Henry was hung on.
Chris Doherty from tree that Henry
was hung on to forks of road ut Clarence
Dohrrty.
Armstcad Strandcr from fork of 'ru-
Mica road to line on Captain Brnndon's
p antatiOn.
Walton King from Como gin house to
Mrs. Winn's line.
j. W. DEDERICK,
Z. T.. DECKER, President.
Secretary.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

The Police jury proceedings ut
their meeting on the I'd instant APP
pear herein.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

$l~The State Of Wisconsin Will
place in the Capitol ut Washing
ton statue OF the Jesuit mission
airy and discovercr of the MiSsls-
sippi, the Rev. Father Marquette.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Trespass Notice.

Notice is hereby given that hurii:.s
on the Resale ana l.inwno". plantations
in this parish j. rruhi;titrh. Niu!ator.,
will be prosecuted TO the full rNtri;t of
the law.
RDBT. II. BARROW.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

A. HARRIS, ut the Foot of the
Hill. has just received Il new line
Of Spring Goods. Call and cx-
anime his stock. He will save
you money. No trouble to show
his goods.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

The great brooklyn Handicap
was won by Judge Morrow by nose
Pessara second, Russell third. Long
street, the favorite, was dis'anced.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

Ice CRE.M at Mrs. j. Z. Austen
Foot of the Hill. tc day, Saturday.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

1000 Gallon Cjstern X15.
A. RIGGs & Bros, 0Perdido, st.
New Orleans.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21
Eriendiv Caution.

All persons are cautioned against
the removal of earth from the
Catholic hill or from any portion
of the Church property. Any in
fringcmcnt will hcpunishcd to the
fullest extent of the law against
trcsDasS. j. ID. AUSTEN,
Agent.
Feliciana sentinel. [volume] (St. Francisville, La.) 1877-1892, 1892-05-21

M c n t al Depression,
Painful Digestion, PIN
the Head, sallow Com
Scald Head, Scrofula,
Diseases, Sour Stom-
Torpid Liver, Ulcers,
other symptom or dis
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1892-04-01

For several years Edward L. Bolster has been a collector of ancient coins. A few days ago he received handsome offer from a New Haven man, who wished to obtain MT Bolster's collection. Mir Bolster left this afternoon for New Haven to close the bargain.
 City Engineer Cairns went to Cheshire this morning to look at the work of grading now being done there by Con tractor McManus, in accordance with the contract made between the city and the Meriden railroad. The work IS about half completed.
 Major Burpee, officer commanding the second battalion of the Second regi- ment, to-day issued an order instructing companies G and A to assemble at the armory at o'clock on the evenings of April 4, Il and 25, May 9 and 23, for in- struction in the new rules.
 An alarm of fire was rung in from box 27, corner of North Main and Grove streets, about 1:30 this afternoon. It was found that the top of the furnace in O'Brien Brothers bakery had blown off and some grease had caught fire The bakers extinguished the blaze with few pails of water.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1892-04-01
WORLD or SPORTS.

James J. Corbett, the pugillst who is matched to fight John l.. Sullivan for a purse of $45, 1000 and the championship of the world, will appear at Proctor's opera house, New, Haven, next Tuesday night under the auspices of the New Haven Athletic club. Corbett will spar three rounds with Jim Daly of Philadel- phia, who IS one of the cleverest middle weights in the country. like" Will Hams of Bridgeport will also face Cor bett for three rounds. In addition to these bouts the club has made arrange ments for the appearance of all the we'll known boxers of the state, and several from Boston.
 New York's four pitchers will be Rusie, King, Sharrott and Welch. The others will be released.
 Kelly's contract with the Boston club was not signed by the three directors. It was signed by President Soden. There was no provision that he should be captain of the nine.
 Billy George, wh9I was as cratic as the "wild man of, Borneo" when he twirled for New York, is booked for Portland, Or, this year. So is Will White, Chris Won der Ahe's old short stop.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1892-04-01
NAuoATucK AND WcINITY.
DOin9s of Day i'm the Valley Be1ovs
 This City.

DOinws of . Day i'm the Valley Below
 This City.
 NAUGATUCK, April 1.-The funeral of Thomas Woodcock took place from the parish house to-day.
 Miss Lizzie Morse and Miss Leona Woodford have gone for a few days visit to Pittsfield, Mass.
 Chief Champion had the company drill with the new extension ladders last night. There will be few towns in the state any better equipped to fight a fire in short time than Naugatuck. Our water works furnish an abundant supply with steady pressure of over 112 pounds. Both the apparatus and hose used is of the best quality.
 The little Parks girl under Dr Robbins not yet realize that the limb has been amputated. H. c. Baldwin, Hial Stevens and others belonging here expect to return home from Florida next week. Father Pagan is expected home tomorrow.
 The town clock stopped running last night for some reason. Probably to play an April fool on our inhabitants.
 The Town hall was the scene of de bate last night between Clyma of the Citizen and William Ward, the question discussed being (Which was the Best Policy, to Redeem the Town Bonds ir Gold or in Lawful Money" Clyma ad vocating the latter. P. Brennan acted as chairman, and MT Perry, the printer as referee.
 There was a false alarm given las night at 1:30, which called out the fire men. It was rather an unkind joke even if it was April 1.
 I. A. Morse was out yesterday after couple of days illness.
 Mrs Simon Lavigne was fined $3 anC costs, yesterday, and-sen to jail for B days. A:-
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1892-04-01
DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE.
wOrcester's Experience Interesting fl
 Waterbury,

"AC0FOuEys
 The question of the disposal of Water bury sewage has been reviewed. by the decision against the city of New Britain in the Piper Brook case. When the matter was discussed here few months ago, it was the opinion of many that the sys- tenn in use at Worcester, Mass, would work well in Waterbury. The DEMO- GRAF suggested trunk sewer to tide water, all the the towns along the line paying a portion of the expense. The following from the Worcester Telegram would go to show that the experiments in that city have not been successful:
 Scientific theory, experiment and folly we have found both bitter and flat. Tho only proposition that the city should entertain is that the state pay every cent of the cost of the fool errand it sent the city upon; and after the height and depth of the present sewage purification failure have been definitely established, the city should, like the re- spected clock, stop short and never go again. If the state then wants to force the city into the courts, Worcester can go there with a smiling face. That is probably where she should have gone in the first place."