The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-02-24

individual hens of the breeds, as some eat
more and require more than others.
Finely-cut, fresh bone with adherlng
meat is also concentrated food-more
so than grain-hence, in feeding the hens
one ounce of bone and meat daily (which
is amplel the gill of grain must be re-
duced one half, as the bone and meat
compensate for the grain.
1t would be expensive feeding if this
equalization of foods was not given at
tention, and the hens would soon become
overfat and worthless Allowing four
ounces of food per day three ofgrain and
one of bulky food, and estimating gill
as three ounces, the gill should be re-
duced in accordance with the quality OF
the food. If an ounce of bone and meat
is given it should equal one and half
ounces Of grain. If fnely-cut clover IS
given one ounce of the clover should
equal only half an ounce of grain, be-
cause the grain is more concentrated than
the clover. We do not claim that these
proportions are correct, but they enable
the poultryman to roughly estimate how
to feed. The hen that does not lay should
be fed only one-half as much as the lay
ing hen, owing to the fact that one is a
producer and the other not.-Farm and
tireside.
POULTRY RAISING.
Perhaps no branch of industry women
able than poultry raising, and it is fast
attaining an important rank among the
labor pursuits of our country. Every
rural neighborhood and small town has
its poultry-yard, and there are several
excellent periodicals devoted to giving
information on the subject, while every
agricultural paper has its poultry depart
ment, thus instructing every one in this
avocation which offers rare advantages to
women. 1t gives fresh air, exercise and
health, especially to those of sedentary
habits, beside furnishing a regular in
come, for poultry, properly managed,
pays larger profit in return for the out
lay made in conducting it than any other
basiness of a similar nature.
A very limited amount of capital is re-
quired to establish poultry raising in
small way; but to be successful, every
one undertaking the business should be
prepared TO take care of and provide for
the fowls, or failure will be the result of
their efforts.
The first thing necessary is suitable
shelter for them. In selecting location
for poultry house, dampuess should be
avoided, as it is a cause of many of the
diseases to which chickens are subject.
"A southern exposure is best, and the
house should be SO situated that it will be
protected from chilling winds.
In constructing hen-house plenty of
room should be provided, and due con-
sideration should be given to warmth.
light and ventilation, without exposure to
currents Of air. Connected with the main
house should be a she'd where fowls can
scratch. 1t should be protected as much
as possible from the weather. Poultry
houses should never be low; all possible
hight should be given them. II in cold
climate, warmth is best secured by double
walls filled in with sawdust. The win
ChnJ1lH 10 ON % ont cir Of Io
house, and should have wire netting in
side and be protected by shutters outside.
There should be openings near the roof
for ventilation, and the floor should not
be too close. PercheS and nests should be
arranged in the most convenient manner,
and always so they can be easily moved
and cleaned. For nests, boxes or half
barrels may be used.-Eliza r. Parker
in Farm and Fireside.
FEEDING ROOTS TO MICH COWS.
Carrots stand at the head of the list.
That they are an excellent food for all
kinds of farm stock must be admitted,
but they should not be regularly fed to
mich COWS, for as small a quantity as
four quarts three times a day will give
the butter carroty flavor. This may not
be disagreeable at first, but with age it
becomes unpalatable and makes the but
ter unfit for culinary purposes. Cab
bages and turnips should never be fed to
cows where their milk is made into but
ter. Some feed these roots to COWS right
after milking; others put boiling water
into the milk; some even dose it with
inter, but nothing will destroy fhe pecul-
lar taste in the butter when turnips are
fed. Feed judiciously and not in such
large quantities as to lax the bowels.
Turnips clio very well as a feed for dry
cows, young stock, sheep and occasionally
hogs. They should not be fed to horses,
as they are liable to produce collie. Ali
kinds of beets and mangolds are excel
lent for cows MIXED in winter, and best
of all these is the white sugar beet. 1t
can be grown more easily than the turnip
and will produce far greater number of
tons per acre. Chopped and sliced and
fed with little wheat middlings and
cornmeal, it will produce a large flow of
heavy, sweet milk and make butter of
excellent quality and flavor, which will
keep sweet for months if properly packed
and kept in cool, clean place.-B. NJ.
Niver, Albany County, New York.
EARLY DUCKS FOR MARKET.
Ducklings should be Matched as early
as possible in order to secure the high
prices. They do not bring the best prices
but for short time in the year, usually
in May, and those who desire profit
should not lose a day in Matching them
out. If one depends on hens or ducks to
hatch them, but little reliance can be
placed on such, for the hens and ducks
wCal not sit until they so desire. Those
who make the highest profits from ducks
hatch them with incubators, several hum
dred at a time, and raise them in brood
ers BY using the Pelxin variety, which
require no ponds and which can be made
to weigh five pounds each in ten weeks.
the matter of feeding and managing is re-
duced to the lowest expense. The ducks
that lay the eggs for producing the early
ducklings should begin in January or
not later than February. As soon as they
begin to lay they should be literally fed
on a variety Of food, meat being an inn
portantitem, with also a supply of cab
bage, scalded cut clover and ground oats.
The food should be soft and they should
have an abundance of water to drink.
HENS CARRYING DUCKLINGs.
Ducklings are so easily raised by hens.
and require so little care, compared with
chicks, that it will pay TO have hens to sit
on ducks eggs and bring off the young.
OF the large eggs of the Pekin, eight will
be sufficient for large hen. 1t is not
necessary to turn the hen and ducl<linps
out, or allow them to go near the water.
On the contrary, they should be kept
warm and dry. Young ducklings should
not be given very cold water to drink, as
it cramps them, and under no circum-
stances must they become wet. Feed
them literally and often, and give the
hen and ducklings plenty of litter upon
which to sleep ct night. As they grow
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