Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-05-01
CURSED BY S0LDIERY.
Most of the Trouble in Brazil Comes
From the Army and Navy.
THE PEOPLE HAVE NO VOICE
A Battle Of Newspaper Manifestoes With .
Rather Novel Ending.
DISASTROUS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

DISASTROUS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
CORRESPONDENTS OF THE DIsPArCH.1
PARA, BRAZIL, April 12.-The Govern
ment censorship over cable news has prob
ably permitted considerable one-sided in
formation to have been sent out in explain
alton and extenuation Of the latest act of
the President Of the Brazilian Republic in
suspending "oficial guarantees" at Rio
for 70 hours.
This is in effect declaration of martial
law, and, If continued, may finally result in
an assumption 'of military dictatorship all
over Brazil The case which led to this was
tho recent action of the 13 military and
naval officers of high rank in publishing in
the newspaper q manifesto or protest
against the recent act Of Marshall Floriana
Peixotto, Vice President and successor of
Deodora Fonseca, in deposing by Presi-
dental decree the Governor of the several
States who had been elected by the people,
but whose official conduct did not please the
President Of the Republic" at Rio.
Their Idea Of Republic.
1t will be seen that these people have but
faint conception, as yet, of the '1iberties"
government. It will be remembered that
Fonseca was deposed because he attempted
to dissolve the Congress that failed to con-
firm all of his official acts. The cry then
was "Usurption." The Misrepresentation
sent forth to the world created considerable
sympathy with the struggling Congress.
who were supposed to represent the people
in the defense Of their rights; yet this same
Congress that had compelled the resigna-
tion of Fonseca Immediately passed resolu-
tions granting to his successor, Pei1otto
(who, by the way, had previously agreed to
sustain Fonseca), practically unlimited
power as military dictator, claiming that
on account of the unfamiliarity Of the peo-
pie such act was in the nature of military
necessity.
The new President promptly uses his
authority and summarily deposes several
governors of States, in one instance at Ceara
by bombardment of the palace by the naval
forces. The present trouble comes unex-
pectedly from the military and naval officers
who were supposed to be friendly to Peix-
otto. They do not quietly or officially pro-
test, but the first notice Peixotto has is
this, the newspaper manifesto.
Novel Way Of suppressing Rebellion.
The President in reply publishes decree,
placing these 13 protesting military and
naval authorities on the "retired list" with
big ''pension" of the officers being
young mer. Two of those who had signed
the declaration, fearing the consequences,
backed out, and the following day published
a retraction. They were for this act re-
warded by being transposed from the Gre
tired" to the reserved" or as they term
it, ''second-class list"
Subsequently, two of the thirteen. Vice
Admiral of the navy and Eduardo Walden
kolk, and Major General Jose Almeida
Barretto printed a manifesto, declining the
retirement and refusing point blank to
recognize the authority Of the President to
place them in retirement These are two of
the most distinguished officers of the Bra
zllian army and navy. Walkenkolk was a
member of Fonseca's Cabinet, as Minister
of Marine, and is well and favorably known
in the United States, where he has spent
some time. Barretto has famous military
career. Soldabanha da Cana, q Rear Ad-
miral, who has been recognized as a mon
archist and heretofore mistrusted, has to-day
been taken into the fold and appointed to
an important position in Rio A demon
stration was made at the lodging of deputy
from Bahia against Peixotto, and in favor
of Fonseca, but reports say it was quelled
by the Tenth Infantry.
Tho Soldiers Make the Trouble.
Briefly stated the facts are: ALI the
trouble comes from the military and naval
officers, who are quarreling among them
selves, and it will end in Kilkenny cat
fight The Brazilian people are generally
quiet, and, in their calm and indifferent
manner, look on and awaiting develop
ments. They say the military will eat each
other up and then peace will be established
in Brazil. It is well known that the revo-
luton in the Empire did not como from
the people, but through the army and navy
leaders. being weak, were dependent upon
the military, and they dictate to the Presi-
dent
The more respectable element of Brazil
ians have kept entirely aloof from the po-
litical entanglements of the new govern
ment. The military in this Republic is not
subordinate to the civil A change must
come soon because of the general discomfort
in army and navy-neither side can trust
the military.
Exchange continues to decline rapidly
under the direction of the English bankers.
The instability of the Government is given
as tne cause Tor THIS, Dut the TACT Is the bal
ance Of trade is in favor of England.
Brazips Debts and Resources.
ALI imports are paid for in gold coin; all
debts contracted when the milreis was at or
near par are now collected at the low rate
of exchange. nearly doubling the indebted
ness. In the last year of the reign of Dom
Pedro, the milreis was at par Ca cents).
During the two years of republican dicta-
torship, it has steadily declined to less than
one-half its par value. This is the political
pulse which tells of the healthfulness of the
Brazilian body polite.
Yet Brazil cannot become bankrupt 1t
has in abundance the prime articles, coffee,
sugar, cocoanuts, rubber and hides, which
pay the States large export duties, and all
imports pay duty to the general govern
ment, and everything used is imported
Unlike the Argentine, who have only hides
and tallow, Brazil's natural resources are
unlimited, agricultural possibilities un-
touched.
In the one article of crude rubber alone,
from the Amazon, the values exceed
81, SOC, 900 per month, three-tourths
of which goes to the United States,
but only one-ffth of the imports come from