Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-08-20

oH 4uieuy ~ nome ana wait q rev weeks, When
It Will be cool: people will begin to come home,
the wooden shutters will be taken down and
Jeames will shave and don his fine dress suit
once more.
THE RISE AND FALL OF VOICE.
Once No Living Thing Had One, and the Same
VIII Be True Again.
From the San Francisco Chronicle
There was time in the history of the world
when even the animals had no voice. There
were no sounds or noises then but those made
by the winds whistling about mountain tops
and bowling through primevsl forests, or of
the waves dashing on shores absolutely silent
and dead. The animals Of those geological
epochs, being in the plastic state preceding the
development Of the osseous structure that now
gives form and comeiness to the human body,
were just beginning to breathe the external air
with gentle respiration. Ages, 1t should rather
be said epochs, were passed in this manner, in
the course Of which the habit of respiration
| developed the lungs. Then the use of the throat
essential to the taking Of food produced those
organs necessary to speech, which are called
the pharynx, CLOTHS and larynx. 1t seems that
providence, as a matter OF supreme conven-
| ience made the same passage serve for eating,
speaking and breathing. although another
| arrangement was possible like the respiratory
apparatus Of the grasshopper, which is placed
at the sides. This is one Of the very few excep-
tons to the rule which applies in common TO
man and most animals.
When the upper part of the throat was in an
advanced state Of development the act of
respiration began to be accompanied by certain
| inarticulate sounds, at first resembling the
rough breathing of a person whose air passages
are obstructed by a bad cold. Instinct soon
taught the animal that these noises could be in
creased by forcing slightly the inspiration or
expiration Of the breath. or by contracting the
muscles OF the throat and emitting the voice
in rapid succession of indefinite sounds. We
have the right to suppose that the yelping Of
sea lions represents very nearly the human
voice In its early stages of development. The
sounds of the voice Of the human being are. like
those Of all animals and Of all instruments. the
result Of q vibration Of chords and are grave or
acute according to the size of these chords There
is little reason to doubt that the first sounds
made by animals were low down in the musical
| scale, but the voice. guided by instinct WIS
more and more used, either for the purpose of
amusement or to inspire terror, they would
naturally, in the case Of many species in which
there was more pronounced development of
the Uranium, be made more in the head and
become what we call head tones
This change WAS more rapid in animals
living on the land, the voice Of those
whose habits continued to be amphibious
remaining much the same. There came in the
Voices of on;n,o,s 5a.or,;ras ..I' " ,: o
size. but generaIlv NV The c;rcmn,s,anoa .Ao =,
which they were placed. The different species
the higher tones Tho lion odnr'.eJ h;s ,o;oa
10 the vast desert snacas whers ha ro.n,oa onS
Gained a scon.v snbS;stanna r. - :: h;
Wild state nrobab,v comt,r.a h;,,.aIs tn 81 .hs s
lower notes of the scale and ernrssssd his bo.s
tilIty only by barking. Since his domestica-
ment he veins and whine in tho h;ahar tonu,
to eynress feelina. that 90 h.. i'l,sa,an.1s
understood TIC c.t ;r,;.a.os D tha LII wy
nronos The bnrs. h.v;nn - n - sn 1o
head nearly az Ion, initiates in his na;ghi,a
most of The M ,Jorn go. 'S The snuS
mails Of the hov;ns trhs 'rodno. ,, ,ao , an,,
low down in tba tbrnat I'll oo,..s;onom, no'a
turinp ON certain hiober AVID .ycss1;na, M
natural notes, A great variety Of tnns "a oan,-
mass il found among the hir5s from tha shr;iI
scream of tbose NJ ravenons k;n1 L., % ~
parrots. among which are fonnd The hossos
baritones and contraltos oY the race Ths sin,
inc birds combine the bigh ana inws go
with extraordinary fexibilitv OF voice and
perfection of yocaism at which thew arr;SaS
probably at a yery remote period ~ tbe worlds
history. VI 'Ao "'''"
Man inherited from, b;s ;,,maa;.,. .r,....u,
the apes and monkevs a voice of cons;darohi.
altitude in which the lowar tones xSara aI,,ost
unknown. The montevs cha,te,ad 20 ,h.;r
fellows from tree 20 tres IN shr;,l "a nv.
the natural vocal ayprassiop Of m xvaaL .,J
timid race in whose nhvS;c.l ,orr,"t;n1, a tha
head had beoun 10 hold an ;nnortan, ,,iona
The MINER note. ~ tha rsa;star 49, p -.
acteristic of the frat men no thev still are y,
savage tribes and neonIas and ~ tho hi, i'll
lied members Of modern soc;.tv who ..'- ,n;na,
have meyer heen snb;an,aa ~ i;..;,i;, 'U liz
voices Of conntrv nsonIo aoo,s.nr.,dI =. Ao
ni6cent distances and onnvars.t;os " A las
range are IL not levi b;ohsr "stnna as .3is
the nnner ranges than 49, 81 c;,v an,a seu nh y.
feel Obliged bv the necesst;es ~ copd hre.d;no
10 moderate their tonss Wheu NO., 80 10 saIfs
contained he NEG tba middle and I"'n. .a.
Of his voice. NAV annrr ,ha 80 49,, .o..e
oradnallv 10 The haad r. n. t,er g. ..'s
oftener hear in n,;nS tho a,,",;as 50 S %ouiu
sns.rs and Set. 90 th.. 80 e.' VI ola me,
which ia an erce,ien, ,h;no senue anu low low
n.'I 20 an eASeneh' thing IN woman tney
ny " !: nay Tr oeaseu 70 DC att.acuVe: Inc music
" WIG SuihIoo' Japanese anu Oh al wiz tribes
ion,ey 1919 ha anu usIany IN Iaisetto the
or some other instrmants - tha i;nd AZ
though their songs are far from aoreeahla 70
the ear, they still think they can sing. an illu-
SION shared, must be confessed; by a con-