The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-10
PATRIOTIC PARTISAASH|P
In South America Party Lines Are
Generally Deflned by Per-
sonal Ambitions
Though It Is Claimed That This
II not the Case In
Brazil

I'M Names 81 the Political Parties II Sew
sral Of she south American Rspub-
Hos and Their Significance.
WASHINGTON. Aug. 8.-[6pscial. Party
Hines are defined by ths peraonal ambitions
of leaders, and patriotism u adherence TO
IAN individuals, not to ! country's cause"
This from the lips Of = South American
consul general was TO mo the effective point
Of ! rather long Discourse on politics IN
4 South American republics. But on invsstl-
\ cation / found II untrue with refersnce TO
~ least one South American stats-Brazil.
4 There the overthrow Of she empire and the
downfall Of Fonssea showed : patriotism
above that which zach year inspires ths in
auRuration Of new revolutions In that part
Of the world.
.Our republic il too new" said the rstir-
i ing oo~nsul-gsueral, A. r. Dc Haosds, Of
Brazil. Tor distinct party lines. Az yet 70
ars all republicans, who believe dFst and
above all things in the maintenance Of the
free government We have established. By
tho snd Of DR.. Psixoto's term, which has
] yet three years 70 run, ! imagine We will
have strongly outlined parties. Now We
have, a. you have here. the republicans and
democrats. But perhaps the term tfsdst-
ais would answer better for republicans.
With us, too. these fsderals stand for more
GENERALIZATION Of power. while the demo-
: Gratis are for 1 greater degree OF state
-S-hxs Th> ,,vsank has M ~rN0IikfNa1 tvNpnrt-
ance in Brazil, for with 40 there h no
clerical party, q n some Of
the other South American republics.
There ID a parsonage in Brazil known
a.. Monsianor Britto. He IL Z man
Of vast and varied attainments and An indi-
vidual OF really remarkable influence. But
still with all his oratorical power, with ell
his personal magnetism. he has bssn unable
to effect what might DO ternsd = clerical
party. As to free trade and protection? In
Brazil that il a question that never bothers
the voters. II il out Of the range OF our 60
sailed popular politics.
Are the minor Brazilian revolutions the
result of a monarchical faction?"
'.No, indeed. To begin with, every
Brazilian street riot il dignined here with
he title .reyolu.ion,I y. they are simply
E UOt4OlA An AOJAI VI OAAVOb AA0&V -
really no monarchical party left in Brazil,
not even the semblsnoe Of one"
The news from Venezuela seems 10 show 4
constant change in the situation. AT the
consulate it IL only the side of Palacio n
Villegas that can be cleaned, and that in
1ta fullneas. Concerning Gen. Crespo only
the bitterest words are spoken. Venezuel-
s emo. 70 e' ;ndiyiduais. '3 Hhs party Of Tho pso-
pie was that which Palaoio claimed to
represent and that of congress 10 supposed
to find q typical leader in Crespo. The
political situation was summed up to me as
follows by the oonsul-general:
cdr. Palacio was the constitutional pres
ident elected to Office by the liberals. His
term ended Feb. 20 last. Previous to this
the constitution had been amended 50 that
tho president and vice-prssident were to be
elected by popular vote instead of BY CON
Rress. Congrsas met, and ths demand Of
the people for an immediate enforcement
OF the amendment was made. PalAcio ex-
pressed himself in perfect accord with this
sentiment, but Crespo, who WAS to have
been chosen as executive BY onRress, Sc
cured a slight majority and Palaoio was
forced to dissolve that body. Then quickly
upon Senator Crespo's charge that Palacio
was a usurper came the revolution. -Four
months of bitter war found Crespo badly
continuance of the revolution Palaoio laid
down his Office and turned it over to the
vice-president, Villegas. The latter issued
the call for congress- to meet and maze q
number of very liberal proposals to Crespo,
all of which the latter not only igno. ed,
but added insult to injury by refusing even
to meet the commission. Now Crespo's
generals have deserted him and are sup
porting Villegas in the restoration of peace.
Crespo il a fugitive"
The day after this luoid explanation. I
noticed in a oablegram that Crespo was
r. S-n.rks~- 49, orAnon A~l x~1r,1J L
capital within q week. Palacio ia in Paris,
where he is said to be living in fine style on
an income from $15. O0O, 900. Nor have
Crespo's generals deserted him.
Peru furnishes another instance of party
lines. based On individual ambition. Here
President Caceres, ia in control. The pres
emit executive is Gen. Renigio Morales Ber-
nudes. Consul General Obarrio defined
the parties in Peru as the 'Clvile" and the
"Demoerates." The latter is in principle
like the republican party here, while the
'Civils" is a somewhat conservative SEQ
ton. Still from all that the consul gen
sral said I judged that there are as many
parties in Peru as there are leaders of prom
inence. Congress, which meets every two
years, began its session July 20, and is
busted just now in an adjustment of the
territorial dispute with Ecuador. The OF.
Dictator Pierola has, I understand, a strong
party. The state religion in Peru is the
Roman Catholic, 10 there ID always 4 strong
clerical patty, which is fostered by state
mono and appointments.
Colombia has made many changes of late
in its constitution. but the man Of destiny
there 10 undoubtedly az President Nunez.
On August Z, he can, If he desires, begin a
six years term as president, the office to
which he was recently re-elected. Consul
General Calderon, talking of Colombis's
great statesman and OF others in the re-
public, said: ''Nunez has tasted power too
often. l think he will allow the Inaugural
tion of Vice. President Caro- on August II,
and remain quietly at his sea coast home
during the rest of his life. Nunez is now
66 years old. He was fl, at elected president
in 1879. That was under the old constitu-
ton when the office Of president was for a
term OF two years. In 1882 the radicals
came into power, and for one year Nunsx
and the conservatives were forced out of
the affairs of state. In 1888 he was
reelected. In 1886 he Was again
elected, and in 1892 again. Under the
constitution a president must have
been out Of Office at least eighteen months
before being eligible for reelection. SO for
over two years Vice President Holquin has
held the office of president. and Nunsz was
this time reelected by the 90. called ina
tionals," which the bulk of the conserva-
tives and many Of the old independents had
Joined. Vellez. although a conservative,
had the support of tho radicals. and was
overwhelmingly defeated. The clerical