davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

| The monthly report to the worlds
| fair directors by the treasurer shows
81, 191, 1,olo.7l paid out to date for con-
struction and administration. The bal
ance in bank was si.4is,715 90.
NEAR Paoli, Ind, the 17-year-old
daughter of George MarIette died in
terrible agony of trichiniasis She had
eaten half-cooked fresh pork.
AT Batavia O., E II. Jones was
found guilty of numbering his son.
When the verdict was announced he
arose to his feet and begged to be
hanged Immediately to . tree in the
court yard
The Beneficial society OF Cleveland,
O., has assigned. with assets of $50, 900
and liabilities Of $50. 900 There are
fifty branch societies in the state.
E r. BAKER, for the second time
convicted of robbing the Iron exchange
bank at Hurley, Wis, of $40. 600. was
sentenced to FIVE years Imprisonment
at hard labor.
A MOB at Lamar, Mo-, attempted to
| lynch James A. Miles, convicted of
murder The sheriff hid the prisoner
in church belfry until the mob dis
persed.
WHILE preaching at Russell, Ia,
Rev. George Sweet, young Methodist
minister, was struck blind.
AT Carrollton, Mo, Lewis Gordon
was lynched for an assault upon Mrs.
John Perriton.
ELEVEN business houses and two
residences were destroyed by fire at
Bedford, Ind. All the city records
were burned.
J. A. MEDLEY and Miss Annie Med
ley, his niece. and Felix Burdctte were
were drowned at Peerless, W. Va, by
the upsetting of skiff on the Kama
| wha river.
FLAMES destroyed the works of the
Colwell & Collins Norway Bolt Com
pany in Cleveland, the loss being $780,
600.
CHARLES BELL and Pearl Henderson,
l7-year-old boys, fought in prize-ring
style at Portland, Ore. Henderson
won, but a half hour afterward died
from the effects of the punishment re-
ceived.
JOHN SHoTwELL, William Query,
John Query and others had their
farms swept clear of everything in a
prairie fire in Payne county, o. T., and
were left penniless- John Query was
fatally burned.
COLORADO republicans will meet in
state convention April 81 at Omaha to
elect delegates to the national conven-
ton.
IN Bloomfield, Ia, fire laid waste
the whole south side of the public
square. causing damage amounting to
500. 0CO.
THREE unknown men were drowned
in the Missouri river at Nebraska City,
Neb., by the capsizing of skiff.
A NOR hanged a young negro girl
near Rayville, La, for attempting 10
poison the family of W. Il. Hclmcr.
where she was employed.
WILLIAM BEIsCoE's three children
were drowned in the Red river near
Bonham, Tex, while the father was
trying to drive across the river with
them.
JEALOUSY caused Lindsay A. Bennett
to kill his wife and commit suicide at
Atlantic, Ia
A SEVERE shock of earthquake was
experienced at Napa, Cal.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
EXPOSITION NOTES.

MICHIGAN will expend 1900 to s15,-
900 on its forestry exhibit, and 81, ,0O0 to
5000 on its display of fruits.
THE board of trade of Columbia, s.
C., has undertaken to see that an ex-
hibit worthy of that state is made at
the exposition
THE preparation of the educational
exhibits from South Dakota and New
Mexico has been intrusted to the wom-
en- members Of the respective state
boards.
The Manufacturers club, of Phila-
delphia, desires to erect a building in
the exposition grounds, constructed en-
tirely of material made by members Of
the club, with intent that it be head
quarters for manufacturers, not only Of
Philadelphia but of the entire country.
In the Electricity building there will
be 10000 panes of glass or more than in
any other exposition structure. This
building will be especially conspicuous
at night as, owing to its extensive glass
surface, the brilliancy of its electrical
exhibit will be strikingly visible from
the outside.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
WOMEN AND. THEIR WORK.

Mrs. MARY BROWN RUSSELL DAY has
lust been chosen state librarian of Ken
lucky by the legislature of that state.
Her principal opponent was also a
woman.
Mrs. CAROLYN P. CHASE was lately
elected member Of the school board Of
Cambridge, Mass, having received two
hundred more votes than the most pop
ular alderman in the ward.
THE Ladies' Health Protective asso-
citation of New York is working vigor-
ously in the three lines which it has
laid out for its first efforts, that is:
The abolition of tenement house fac
tories, the cremation of the unknown
dead and the destruction of garbage by
fire.
Mrs. FRANCES WOoD has been study
ing some figures, with the result of
finding that nine-tenths of the children
of college bred women survive infancy
"a record never before equaled in any
age, class or country. Mrs. Wood is
herself Vassar girl and a trustee Of
Barnard, and the wife of a well-known
physician.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
WESI AND SQuIH.

In San Francisco Mrs Sarah Althea
Terry was adiudged insane and COM
mitted to the insane asylum at Stock
ton. thus closing an eyentful and SEN
sational career.
Ix tho I-nited States circui, copr,
suits were filed AGAINST the citv of New
Orleans bv heirs Of six of the Italians
lvnched there March IA. 1891. claiming
$50 0oo in each case
ARKANSAS democrats will hold their
state convention at Little Rock June
10 to nominate n state ticket and
appoint delegates to the national con-
vention.
In state convention at Austin, Tex,
the republicans elected four delegates
to the national convention and in
structed them to cast the vote of Texas
for President Harrison.
In a collision on the Big Four rail-
road near Acton. Ind, Conductor Nc
Gill and brakeman Myers were in
stantly killed.
In the recent blizzard in Minnesota
and North Dakota several persons lost
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
Epitome Of the Week.
INTERESTING NEWS COMPILATION.
F,gTY-secoNp CONGRESS.

Fpt tN-SGSSNO SSN1HGSos
WEDNESDAY,, March 9.-In the sem
ate the pure food bill was passed A
bill was introduced to test and try the
science of spelling and to provide for
establishing 100 schools for the pur-
pose; and to establish spelling school
in the Worlds Colum bian exposition
to be held in Chicago in 1888 An ex-
ecutive session was held on the Behr-
ing sea question. In the house the de-
bate on the tariff was begun, Mr.. Nc
Millin speaking against the Mckinley
law and Mr.. Dingiey defending it
THURSDAY. March 10,-The senate
passed the agricultural deficiency bill,
appropriating $50, 900 for the bureau
of animal industry and $4,000 for ex-
periments in sugar culture. In the
house the naval appropriation.bill was
reported and bill appropriating $780,
600 for a public building at Lincoln,
Ill. was introduced. bill to grant
to enlisted men in the army certificates
of merit for distinguished services was
passed. The tariff was further dis
cussed.
FRIDAY. March IA bill was in
troduced in the senate proposing a
constitutional amendment that after
1897 no person who has held the Office
of president shall be eligible to that
Office within four years after the ex-
piration of his term of office" The
urgent deficiency bill (s43s, 413) was
passed. Adjourned to the 1ith. In
the house bills were introduced author
izing the secretary of the treasury to
issue certificates of the denominations
of 10 cents, % cents and SC cents, the
total amount of such issue not to be
more than S25, 1000, 600; to establish a
postal telegraph service, and providing
that the remaining public lands OF the
United States be donated to the sew
eral states and territories in which they
arc located. The tariff bill was fur
ther discussed.
SATURDAY, March 12.-The senate
was not in session. In the house bills
were reported favorable for the admis-
sion of New Mexico and Arizona as
states
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

The New York court of appeals has
rendered an opinion which shows that
married women in that state are still
in bondage. A woman fell down a
coal hole and sued for damages. re-
covering $500. The defendant asked
for new trial on the ground that the
woman was working for her husband
and the court had taken into account
her loss of wages. The court of ap-
peals reversed the decision. 1t held
that the services of a wife belonged to
her husband He cannot compel her to
perform work except household duties,
and if she does any other she cannot
compel him to pay for it.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE

FLAMES in Latham's lumber yard in
London caused a loss of $3.50 200.
A COMMISSION has been appointed to
ascertain and report for the considera-
ton of parliament the fullest and most
reliable data possible respecting the
effects OF the liquor traffic in Canada.
IS the French chamber of deputies q
resolution was approved making Sep
teraber - 4 national holiday, that
being the Tooth anniversary of the
founding of the first republic.
AN explosion of fire-damp at the
Anderleus (Belgium) colliery killed $50
or more miners. The explosion oc-
Cured in a gallery 500 feet below the
surface.
FURTHER advices from the Anderluis
mine disaster in Belgium say sixty
three persons were rescued unhurt,
twenty we're injured and 153 were
killed.
IL Cheshire and Yorkshire, Eng,
the 500, 900 coal miners stopped work
for q week in order to force up prices
and prevent their employers from re-
ducing their wages.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

THOSE who look upon Japan as a
country far behind the western world
in matters of education should read the
report of the minister of education for
Japan The school age is the period of
eight years, between the sixth and
fourteenth year of age, and attendance
is obligatory. There are over 2s, 900 ell
ementary schools controlled by local
authorities, with 1000 teachers and
s, 144, 900 scholars The teachers are
forbidden to use corporal punishment
and they are pensioned when they have
given SO many years of service. The
annual expense of these schools is
about s., 100000.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
Vote of the New Distrlcts.

The following is the vote of the Mis-.
souri, congressional districts under the
new apportionment as they voted in
1855:
First four districts unchanged as to territory.
First-Dem, ao.sJ9; rep, i, $40; plurality, g..
5lO.
second-Dem., el,6Os; rep. 1888; plurality,
l,65a
Third-Dem., eo,H4; rep, 1913; plurality, g.
Sal.
Fourth-Dem., 1896; rep, 13,Ge9; plurality,
3,lS7
Fifth-Population. l90,69i. Dem 10, 40; rep,
T,l19; plurality. 2.359.
Sixtb-Population. I6I, ,7s4. Dem, 1858; rep,
l5,091; plurality, 2.556.
Seventh-Population. 2l0,71l. Dem, 2, TO;
rep, 1851; plurality, 3,499
Eighth-Population, 1886. Dem. 1881;
rep. 1885, plurality, 2.i2s.
Ninth-Population. l52, ,443 Dem, Il, ,654; rep,
H.i40; plurality, 1,9l4.
Tenth tthe old Eighth(-Population. lS2 1888.
Dem, Il, ,3sl; rep. l3.5l0: plurality. 2.la9.
Eleventh tthe old Ninthl-Populstion. IA s73.
Dem. IL. .793: rep. 12, $50; plurality. l.168
Twelfth republican districtD-Population
le AZ. Dem, 1889; rep. IL sss; plurality 2.sll
Thirteenth-Population 1859 Dem, 49, ,059;
rep, l5.1l2; plurality, $685..
Fourteenth-Population.e e14, ,994 Dem, Is, ,497;
rep. 15.5l3; plurality, 2,9s1.
Fifteenth-Population, 1901. Dem, 16, ,s07;
rep, 1870; plurality, l,537.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
LATER.

IN the senate, on the 18th, u
placing the secretary of aSricuI. :
the line of the presidential successr.
was favorably reported. The commit
tee on quadro-centennial reported three
resolutions relating to the Worlds fair,
for which immediate consideration was
asked; but, on objection they went
over. After a brief executive session
the post-office building bill was taken
up. a resolution increasing the maxi
mum cost from SIS, 900 to SIS, 900 was
adopted. The senate then went again
into executive session.......In In the house,
it being District of Columbia day,
large number of district bills were
passed. The house then went into
committee of the whole on the army
appropriation bill.
INSIDE information at Ottawa, Ont,
goes to show that the government does
not intend to renew last years order in
council discriminating against Amer
lean ports in the matter of canal tolls
They feel that in view of the necessity
at present of conciliating the Amer
leans as far as possible, they can not
afford to re-enact what the Americans
naturally regard as hostile order.
ARTHUR MCKINNEY while at work,
on the 14th, trying to start frozen coal
in chute at the yards of G. W. New
ton & Co, Hartford Comm coal-deal-
ers, was caught by the mass when it
commenced TO run, and buried by 100
tons of coal He was dead when his
body was dug out ten hours later.
1T is said that plot has been discov-
cred to assassinate the sultan of Tur-
key, and that the police of CONSTANT
nople have captured two men at the
Yildiz kiosk, who were in hiding and
armed with revolvers and daggers.
The prisoners were tortured to induce
them to confess.
The United States supreme court has
sent back to the Massachusetts, circuit
court for another trial the case of Gen.
b. F. Butler VS.. the National soldiers
home. involving a matter of $4,000
claimed by both parties
PEARL HENDERSON and Chas. Bell,
17-year-old boys, fought prize-fght at
Portland, Ore, on the 18th. Hender-
son won, but a half hour afterward
died from the effects of the punishment
received.
Hon. WMFRED LAURIER has written
to an intimate friend in Montreal, Can,
that he will relinquish the position of
liberal leader in the Canadian house of
commons at the end of the present ses-
sion.
THE anti-free pass bill was signed by
the governor of Massachusetts on the
f4th.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

RAIsIS raising and prune growing
are two comparatively new industries
in California that are attaining very
large proportions, and the domestic
products have almost driven the for
eign goods from our markets During
the nine months ending September 80,
1891. only 2,s36, 735 pounds of rails
ins and 5,so9 80 pounds of prunes
were imported, as against IL, ,769. .056
pounds of raisins and 35,693, $50 pounds
of prunes in the same period of 1890.
Four or five carloads of raisins are
leaving San Diego daily for the east at
this time.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON tells an
amusing story of how, when She was a
young girl, the women of her church
raised money to educate a young man
for the ministry. When he had finished
at the theological school fhe young
divine returned to his native town and
preached his first sermon on the text:
Let your women keep silence in the
churches ~
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

A MAN at Prescott, A. T., had the
asthma for six years, during which
time he was never able to sleep at
night except in titting posture He
took the grip few weeks ago and
when he recovered from it his asthma
was gone. Asthmatic sufferers here
about need not make any strenuous
efforts to catch the grip. however. 1t
will find them
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

THERE is considerable anxiety in
Canada over the action OF Mr.. New
berry, of Chicago, who has introduced
in congress bill providing that no
pensions shall be paid to any person
who is not a citizen of the United
States There are 1,Sl5 persons resid-
ing in Canada permanently who draw
pensions for services rendered to the
union during the late war secession.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
CABOT LODGE has started a

HENRY CABOT LODGE has started a
discussion as to whether railroad
slaughter can be materially reduced in
this country. In 1899 twenty five thou
sand men were killed or injured in
coupling cars and other railroad work,
an increase of three thousand from the
previous year. 1t is proposed to add
the duty Of preventing accidents to
those of the interstate commerce COM
piSSiou
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

The LOUISIANA lottery has secured a
perpetual franchise from the govern
ment of Nicaragua, and will transfer
its headquarters to Greytown. 1t will
also place branch offices in every capi-
tai and chief city of Central and South
America, and expects 20 do business on
a more gigantic scale than ever. Other
gambling games will be provided for.
Greytown will be fitted up as winter
resort for sportive Americans and
Europeans, and the place is to be made.
if possible, a second Monte Carlo.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

IN the cathedral of Genoa is pre-
served, and has been for six hundred
years. vase of immense value. 1t is
cut from a single emerald 1t is kept
under several locks, the keys of which
are in different hands, and it is rarely
exhibited in public, and only by an
order of the senate. When exhibited
it is suspended around the neck Ca a
priest by cord. and no one is allowe
to touch it but him. A decree passed
Ia 1915 forbids anyone going too near
the precious relic A Genoese anti
quarian has written book to demon
strate that this vase is one of the gifts
made to Solomon by the queen of Sheba.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

WEATHER prophets will keep at safe
distance from Siam. The king of that
country has issued an order providing
that no prophet shall be entitled to
public confidence unless he has the gift
of sitting unharmed in the midst of
sea-coal fire for the space of at least
half an hour
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
cLEvELANo NOR snElvEp.

while Not Bslisvins IN Passsai ss.ass
for Place or Power. the Ex-PrssfAsat
VIII Not Shirk Any Duty Demanded of
Him by His Party. Regardless of Per-
sonai Desires or individual Ease ssA
Comfort.
MILWAUKEE, March 1a-The Daily
Journal publishes letter from Grover
Cleveland which removes all doubt that
he will be a candidate before the Chi
cago convention. Mr.. Cleveland writes
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

r c. BRowy, who went to Colorado
in 1859 without dollar, has now near
ly completed at Denver the finest hotel
west of the Mississippi, which will cost
him sl,5Oo,oOo. A quarter section of
land, which he entered thirty years
ago for $500, is to-day worth 81, 600, 600.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

THE late DR.. Junker, the African ex.
plorcr, put more faith in Livingstone's
than in stanley's way of advancing
through the dark continent lie never
killed a native, and for the most part
Travelled without a weapon, but still
achieved what he wanted.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

The pension bill reported TO the
lower house of congress for the fiscal
year ending June so, 1898. appropri-
atcs sl34, s25. .C6G, being SIC, ,239, 4S4 less
than the estimates, and sas9,7I9 less
than the appropriation for the current
fiscal year. The number of pensioners
on the rolls has increased from a4a, 755
in 1879 to 676, 100 in 1891, and the
amount disbursed on account of PEN
sions has increased from SIS. i93. 742 in
1879 to S124, 415.95 in 1891. The amount
appropriated for 1892 was Sl35, 2l4,7
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

UNDER the federal supremecos IT de-
cision the mailing of lottery Bite aturc
Is continuous offense, subjectir e the
sender to trial at the initial ar d ter
minal points. This is what is killing
off the lottery business in Louisiana
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

His Featherstone-"Do
you believe in ghosts?" Travers-
"Well, for years / have Seen living in
haunted house" Featherstone -
"You don't tell me? Who is it haunted
by?" Travers- BY my tailor. Clio
thier and Furnisher.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

CHEYENNE. Wyo., March 1s.-Word
was received here yesterday that .
four-sided fight had occurred among
cowboys at Rongis, in which Buck
Taylor. formerly with Buffalo Bill,
was SO badly injured that fatal results
are feared Pat Horrigan and Al
Dougherty were badly cut with knives
during the melee.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
Mourned as . Father.

DARMsrADr, March 15.-The funeral
of the grand duke has been set for
Thursday. The city is in mourning
and people may be seen weeping in the
streets Places of business will remain
closed until after the funeral No
sovereign in Europe attracted more
loyalty than the deceased grand duke,
whom rich and poor looked up to Is .
father. His obsequies will not only be
a pageant, but general outpouring Of
the people as mourners- Some sensa-
tion was caused by q report that the
dukes former wife. Mime. Kolemine.
had come to Darmstadt
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

JEFFERSON CITY, No. March 1.-THE demo-
cratic members of the senate and house COM
mittees have at last agreed on a bill redistrict-
ing the congressional districts. and It will be
submitted to a joint caucus Of both houses.
The bill gives the democrats fourteen districts
and the republicans one. The bill provides that
the districts shall be as follows:
First-Putnam. Scotland. Schuyler, Clark
Adair, Knox, Lewis Macon. Shelby, Marion
Second-Sullivan. Grundy. Linn Livingston
Carroll, Charlton, Randolph, Monroe.
Thrd-Worth, Harrison, Mercer, Daviess,
De Kalb, Clinton, Clay. Ray, Caldwell, Gentry.
Fourth-Atchison. Nodaway, Holt, Andrew
Buchanan, Platte.
Fifth-JacksOn LAFAYETTE
Sixth-Boone. Howard, Saline, Pettis, Greene.
Benton Polk. Hickory.
Seventh-Ralls, Pike, Audrain, Lincoln,
Montgomery, Warren, st. Charles, Gasconade,
Crawford.
Eighth and Ninth-St Louis city
Tenth-South st. Louis, st Louis county and
Franklin.
Eleventh-Cooper, Cole. Maries. Miller. Gala
way. Morgan. Moniteau, Dallas, Phelps Pulaski
Lscles,e. Usage. Camden.
Twe-fth-Jefferson, Washington, Ste. Gene
We've, Perry. Madison. st. Francois. Iron, Rey-
nolds. Dent, Texas. Wright Webster.
Thirteenth-Cass, johnson, Henry, Bates, st.
Clair, Cedar, Dade.
Observation-Disclosures, Stone. .Taney, Douglas,
OZARK, Howell Shannon. Oregon. Carter, Rip
ley, Butler, Wayne. Bollinger, Cape Girardeau
Scott. Mississippi. Stoddard, New Madrid,
Du,lklin. Pemiscot.
Fifteenth-Vernon. Barton, Jasper. Newton,
Lawrence, Barry. Mcdonald.
The numbering of some of the districts In the
southern part of the state may be changed, but
the territory is correctly stated.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

ENGLISH authors have taken up the
matter of erecting a monument to
!arcs Russell Lowell and have ap
pointed committee to raise a private
fund for that purpose.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

Mr.. STANLEY thinks the white man
cannot endure steady work beneath
the sun of tropical Africa He may
labor from six to nine in the morning
and from three to six in the afternoon,
but must keep shady the rest of the
day.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

Mrs Sallie Anderson, of St Louis, on
hearing of her sons arrest, took to her
bed and died. and physicians ascribe
her death to broken heart
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

If you pay as you go, you are more
likely to avoid the rush.-Binghamtop
Republican.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19
Death Of Mrs. Geors. W. Carleton.

Mrs Carleton, wife of State Senator
G. W. Carleton, of Pemiscot county.
died at jefferson City. She had been
in delicate health for some time.
The Cape Girardeau Democrat. (Cape Girardeau, Mo.) 1876-1909, 1892-03-19

The ministers of the st. Louis dis
trict of the NJ. E. church, north, are
preparing for general change Of pas
torates, to be made at conference.