The sun., 1892-12-15


working people rates of wages that would
not only give daily bread. but supply O COM
Portable margin for those home attractions
and family comforts and enJoyments with
out which life Is neither hopeful nor sweet.
They are American citizens-a part OF the
great people for whom our constitution ana
government were framed and instituted
and 1t cannot be a peryersion OF that con-
stitution to so legislate as TO preserve In
their homes the comfort, independence, 10y.
atty and sense OF interest In the goyernmeno
which are essential to good citizenship In
peace and which will bring this stalwart
throng, as In 1851, to the defense OF the nag
when Ii Is assailed
REGARDING THE TARIFF.
1t is not my purpose to renew here the ar
gument in favor of protective tarln. Inc
result OF the recent election musu De ac-
Septed as having INTRODUCES t assmt nsW poniif ptarif
constructed upon the lines OF protectlon, Is
to be repealed, and that there is to be SUD
stituted for 1t tariff law constructed soleiy
to be higher because the increase VIII Keep
open an American mill or keep up the wages
OF an American workman, but that In every
case such rate of duty Is to be imposed as
will bring to the treasury OF the Unlted
States the largest returns OF revenue. Inc
contest not being between schedules, out
between principles, 1t would be offensive to
suggest that the prevailing party Will not
carry into legislation the principles adVocat-
ed by 1t and the pledges given to the people,
The tariff bills passed by the house of repre-
sentatives at the last session We're, as sup
posed, even in the opinion or their promot-
ers, inadequate and justified only by the
fact that the senate and house of represen-
tatives were not in accord and that a gen
eral revision should not, therefore, be un-
dertaken.
/ recommend that the whole subject of
tariff revision be left to the incoming con-
gress. 1t is matter of regret that this
work must be delayed for at least three
months, for the threat of great tariff changes
introduces so much uncertainty that an
amount not easily estimated of business in
oafin nd Of limini nrn6mnffnn
necessarily result. 1t is possible also that
this uncertainty may result In decreased
revenues from customs duties for our mer-
chants will. make cautions orders for for.
eign goods in view of the prospect of tariff
reductions and the uncertainty as to when
it will take effect. Those who have advo-
have their disastrous forecasts Of a change
of policy disappointed. If a system of GUS
toms duties can be framed that will set the
idle wheels and looms Of Europe, in motion
and crowd our warehouses with foreign
made goods and at the same time keep our
own mills busy; that will give us an in
creased participation in the "markets Of the
world of greater value than the home mar
ket we surrender; that will give increased
be consumed by our people without dimin-
ishing the amount of work to be done here;
that will enable the American manufacturer
to pay his workmen
FROM 50 TO 100 PER CENT
II ore in wages than is paid in the foreign
mill and yet to compete in our market
and in foreign markets with the foreign
producer; that will further reduce the cost
of articles of wear and food without re-
ducing the wages of those who produce
them; that can be celebrated after it's eff
fects have been realized, as its eXpecta-
ton has been, in European as well as in
American cities, the authors and promoters
of it will be entitled to the highest praise.
We have had in our history several ex-
and of a protective tariff; but this genera
| ton has not felt them, and the experience
| of one generation is not highly instructive
to the next. The friends of the protective sys-
| TEN, with undIminished confidence in the
| principles they have advocated, will await
the results of the new experiment:
relations existing between the employe and
| the employers in our great manufacturing
| establishments have not been favorable to
calm consideration by the wage earners
! of their effect upon wages.
The facts that his wages were the high
| est paid in like callings in the world and
in the absence of protective duties, upon the
| product of his labor was impossible, were
obscured by the passion evoked by these
the question in the light of his personal
experience under the operation of a tariff
| for revenue only. If that experience shall
are thereby maintained or increased either
| absolutely or in their purchasing power
| and that the aggregate volume Of work to
be done in this country is increased, or
| even maintained, so that there are more
| or as many days work in year at as good
| or better wages for the American work.
Er6 tettive system, every one will rejoice
A general process of wage reductions can
| not be contemplated by any patriotic
fitizen without wi ao the gra'vest apprehe1nsen
| the American manufacturer to compete
81 ccessfuliy with his foreign rival in many
branches Of production without the de
fense of protective duties, if the pay rolls
are equalized; but the conflict that stands
| between the producer and that result and
the distress Of our working people when it
| is attained are not pleasant to contemplate.
| The society of the unemployed, now hold
| ing it's frequent and threatening parades
in the streets Of foreign cities should not
| be allowed to acquire an American domi-
! clio
WORK OF THE ADMINIsTRATIoN
The reports of the heads Of the several
| executive departments which are herewith
| Submittd have very naturally included a re-
| sumo of the whole work of the administra
ton, with the transactions of the last fiscal
| year. The attention not only of congress
| but of the country is again invited to the
| methods of administration which have been
pursued and to the results which have been
attained. Public revenues amounting to 81,
| AID, ,O79, ,29229 have been collected and dis
| bursed without loss from misappropriation
| without a single defalcation of such impor
tance as to attract the public attention, and
at a diminished per cent of cost for cOllec
| tion The public business has been trans.
| acted not only with fidelity but progressive
|
| the fullest possible way the good service es
tablished and maintained for their protection
| and comfort.
| Our relations with other nations are now
| undiSturbed by any serious controversy. The
| complicated and threatening differences with
| Germany and England relating to Samoan
| affairs, with England in relation to the sea-
fisheries in the Bering sea, and with Chile
| growing out of the Baltimore affair have
! been adjusted.
| There has been adjusted under section :
| of ho for no
| lating to reciprocal trade with the following
countries: Brazil, Dominican republic, Spair
for Cuba and PuertosRico Guatemala, Sar
Salvador, the German empire, Great Britain
| for certain West Indian colonies and British
Guiana, Nicaragua Honduras and Austro
| Hungary. OF these, those with Guatemala
| Honduras and Austro-H Hungary have beer
concluded since my last annual message
| Under these trade arrangements free, ia
| vored admission has been secured in every
| case for an important list of American pro
| ducts. Especial care has been taken to Sc
| cure markets for farm products in order tt
| relieve that great industry lying under de
| preston for the lack of an adequate foreign
| market
FOR OUR SURPLUS PRODUCTION,
also for our manufactured productions
which will, If this policy is maintained
| greatly augment our export trade. The full
benettS I91dS OF these aEEFangements E cannot be
| to be opened. The commercial traveller must
survey the field. The manufacturer must
| dudpI his gOOuS TO the new markets. 1nU
| facilities for exchange must be established
| This work has been we'll begun; our mer
| chants and manufacturers have entered the
| new fields with courage and enterprise. In
| the case of food products, and specially with
| Cuba, the trade did not need to wait and tht
| immediate results have been gratifying Il
| the policy of these trade arrangements car
| be continued in force and aided by the es
tablishment of American steamship lines,
| do not doubt that we shall, within q short
| period, secure fully one-third of the tota
trade Of the countries Of Central and South
| America, which now amounts to about 5000,
| 100000 annually. In 1885 we had only
| per cent of this trade.
The following statistics show the increase
in every trade with the countries with which
we have reciprocal trade agreements from
the date when such agreements went int
effect up to Sept. 80, 1892, the increase be
ing in some almost wholly and in others II
an important degree the result Of this agree
| ment:
The domestic exports to Germany ant
Austria Hungary have increased in value
from $47, ,673, ,756 to $57, ,973 064, an increase
of $10,319,3 3O9, or '21. .63 per cent Will
American countries the value Of our exports
has increased from S44, 100 2S5 to $54, ,613, ,59S
an increase of $40, 653, ,313, or 2367 per cent
The total increase in the value of export:
to all countries with which we have recipro
cal agreements has been $20772, ,621. This
increase is chiefly wheat, -four meat ant
dairy products and manufactures of iron ant
steel and lumber. There has been large
increase in the value of imports from al