The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-09-04
TIME THE wOaLD OVER.
Various Standards Used in Many
Parts OF the Earth.
From Nature

Parts Of the Earth.
From Nature.
At the poles, where all meridians converee,
there can be no natural standard time, for
it is every hour OF the day at once; but the
regulation Of time at these singular points
has not yet become a burning question.
We're the system Of time reckoning recon-
mended by the prime merd an conference
carried out In its entirety, the minutes indi-
Gated on all well-regulated clock dials
throughout the world would be the same al
given instant, but the hours would differ
at each 15s Of longitude by steps Of one,
twenty-four standards encircling the globe.
Thus, for example, at twenty-five minutes
past noon Of the prime Tor rather the zero)
meridian, clocks 9O' east would show 6 rs
o'clock p: M. Dish. 25m.l; those 90 west,
and and G those Of 49, 49, T trent Zo ,Js
minutes past midnight. The zero meridian
adopted by the prime meridian conference
is that Of Greenwich, aud definite time
standards based on hourly intervals from
this starting line have been used since 1888
on the railways of North America That
continent is divided into strips Of 15a in
width, in each of which a separate time
standard pre- walls, from the Gulf Of Mexico
20 Hudson bay. Atlantic tm9 in the east
ern province Of Canada aud in Newfound-
AdI0 5uuWS . u III. ~ GE6buWtCn noon, 61H1-
ern time in the Atlantic states OF the union
marks Z a. m. at the same moment, while
central, mountain aud Pacific time indicate
respectively 8, 5 and 4 a. m. The meridians
which set the CLOCKS across America are
those Of 90, 750, 900, 1852 and 1902 west
Tho conditions in Europe are more COM
plicated than in America. Each small,
closely peopled country, with its natural
observatory, naturally tends TO adopt
through Ut its particular national time, al
though even this is still @ desidecatum in
some. In the difficult subdivisions of inn
perial Germauy especially the number of
independent and unrelated standards was a
grievous obstacle TO the Interpretation OF
through rail way time tables.
The British Islands, lying at the extreme
west OF Europa, should logically keep tune
of the zero meridiaa, which intersects
Greenwich observatory, while tho Russian
empire lin Europe, at least was, by its sys-
tenn of central government aud state con-
troll or roads, equally committed to the time
OF st. Petersburg. But Pulkova observa-
tory lies two hours east OF Greenwich plus
! 4 minute, and the alteration required Is
so small that it may said already to CON-
stitute Eastern European time, two hours in
advance OF Greenwich or the STANDARD time
OF Western Europe.
Tha meridian OF l59 east running through
Norway, Sweden, Germany, Austria aud
Italy, corresponds TO Central European
time, one hour in advance Of that of Green
wich; and IL national pretddices aud local
inertia were overcome, the time OF Europe
would be placed on a simple footing by its
adoption. The railways Of Austria. Hungary
have used Central European tine on this
system since Oct. l, 1891. More than fifty
towns in the monarchy have since then
regulated their clocks to correspond, Vienna
being the only conspicuous exec Dtioa, W here
local time is used for local purposes. Servian
| time tables have been assimilated to those
of Central Europe aud bulgarian to Eastern
Europe, while Turkey, pulled both ways,
yields on both sides, following Central
European time on the Sslonica railway and
eastern time on tue ConStantinople line.
In Sweden railway time has been that Of
Central Europe Q5S E. since 1879, and in
South Germany the change to the same
standard took place April !, 1892, fact Of
much greater importance, because a feat
very difficult to accomplish. The four
standards Of Bavaria, Wurtenberg, Baden
and Alsace-L Lorraine were previously in use
concurrently. and the change involved re-
tsrdiug the nominal hours Of all trains from
fourteen minutes in the case OF Bavaria to
Luxembourg came into harmony with the
rest of Central Europe at the same date,
losing thirty-six minutes.
BY "A decision Of the federal council in
May last mean solar time OF the fifteenth
meridian will become standard time for the
whole German empire April | 1898, when
10 exclusively will be employed for rail-
ways, telegraphs and all state purposes.
Already several places in North Germany
have adopted the new time, and 1t can be
only matter of for year for the simpler
uniform system to acquire footing for all
purposes OF private life.
The number Of European time standards
is stated by DIR. Busschere to have been
twenty-four on Jan. 1, 1891, and by the end
nf Ik9l IL will ha nnlv hhirEaan Of
three are meridianal standards, while ten
are tho time of capitals, viz: Paris, Madrid,
Lisbon, Rome, Berne, Bucharest, Athens,
Copenhagen, Berlin and st. Petersburg.
But the last, as already mentioned, practi-
cally belongs to the former category. IL
now remains only for France, Spain and
Portugal TO adopt Western European time,
for Denmark, Switzerland and Italy to ac-
cept central time and fer Greece and
Roumania TO join the other Balkan states
in using central or eastern time, and the
change will be complete.
Strangely enough, although foreign
writers facility assume that the British
Islands are at one in their time standard,
there exists in the U United Kingdom di-
versity as illogical as that which formerly
relgned IN the States OF southern Germany.
While Great Britain and the small island
groups associated with 1t keep the time OF
the initial meridian, now extended to Bel
Bluu nuu hollhuu on tne east, Ireland Is
regulated by Dublin time Thus it happens
that when the postofice clock in Stornoway
6S 10 W. shows noon that in Conaghadee
(5e 80 W. only marks 1lh. 85m.
As long ago as 1888 Japan adopted for its
standard time that Of the ninth hour inter
val from Greenwich ass east, so that the
clocks which regulate the movements Of the
japanese are set nine hours in advance Of
ours.
India, Australia aud Cape Colony remain
independent in their time relations, although
so simple an adjustment as is required might
form a graceful concession TO the spirit OF
federation without sacrifice Of local dignity.
How MUCH do you love your baby brother,
Maoelg" asked Mabels mamma.
20. bout free times as much as he Ia big "