The record-union. [volume] (Sacramento, Calif.) 1891-1903, 1892-01-05

Leaf BeetIe-The Potato Disease
Food for Cows soon to CaIve-Farm
Notes.
In an interview with f. L. Goodsell,
the Florida Times Union. jacksonville,
elected the following information from
that gentleman regarding the shipment
of oranges TO Europe:
at is now proposed to run line of
steamers direct from Jacksonville 10
England. the trade having increased to
such proportions that such venture will
doubtless prove a paying investment.
From the 1st of September to the middle
of December there is no Mediterranean
fruit in the English market. and the
oranges from Florida just fill the gap.
Then the people have suddenly acquired
a taste for our fruit. The prices obtained
are far in advance of what the same
would have brought in the American
market, or the Mediterranean fruit in the
English market. The freight to New
York is about 40 cents per box, with 10
per cent. commissions added. The voyage
to Liverpool Will not be at the most more
than twenty-four hours longer than to
New York, and the freight per box will
only be 90 cents, with about 10 cents
added for market expenses and 10 per
cent. for commisSion-Say total OF 10
cents per box and commissions. This IS
only Is cents per box IN excess OF eX-
pense of shipping the fruit TO New DIRK.
At the very outside figure, 81 per box
would cover freight, expenses, commits
sions, ETC., on the fruit, delivered in
Liverpool or London.
yzff Chi ~ t'nOlIEh
market arrived in poor condition. but
they were made in vessels carrying cot
ton and miscellaneous freight, which
Were illy ventilated and really not fit for
carrying fruit, but in vessels specially ar
ranged for the transportation OF oranges
this difficulty will be entirely obVlated.
In addition to the demand in England,
Germany, France, Belgium and Russia
will take large quantities of our fruit.
Russia is the greatest consumer OF or
anges among the European nations, and
she likes them sour, too. think that
there will be sufficient water on the bar
to allow the two vessels that VIII be
placed on the line to load at the wharves
in Jacksonville One of the vessels will
leave here next fall, about October 10th,
the other early in November, and the
third, fourth, etc, Will follow IN rapid
succession as the business warrants.
These vessels can carry from 1000 to 3d.
600 boxes of oranges each, and can make
a round trip per month from Jackson
vile to Liverpool. OF course, on their
return trip, they Will carry wCstbound
such freight to the Atlantic ports as may
be offered"
NEW BUGS FROM AUSTRALIA.
The steamship Monowai, which ar
rived from Australia on Christmas Day,
had on board an important consignment
of insects, sent by Albert koebele, the
Special Commissioner, who is now search
Ing for fruit pest parasites in the several
Australian colonies. The bugs could not
be taken from the refrigerators Of the
steamer on Friday, but on Saturday
morning Edward NJ. Ehrhorn, Assistant
State Entomologist, made a raid on the
CuStOm-houSe officials and steamship au-
thOrities and carried off the prize. The
packages containing the bugs were opened
at the State Board of Horticulture rooms,
and Immediately repacked and shipped
to Professor d. w. Coqulllet OF Los An
geles, who Will place them in the orchards
to breed. There were thirty odd species
in the consignment, the most important
of which were the LeiS conf09'DliS, a lady
bird which feeds on the woody aphis, the
Orcus 4 australasia and OTcuS chatybetIS,
lady-birds, quite similar in appearance,
both of which feed upon the red scale,
and the IbdtpochdreS, moth which is
very destructive to the black scale, Le-
cd1tlHnt oJe0g. Another sort sent preys
upon the cabbage aphis. 1t is possible
that some of the bugs, II they can be do
INVESTIGATED, will prove of very general
benefit in the destruction of insect pests,
which hitherto no parasites have seemed
to effect. 1t is quite gratifying to know
that Mr.. Rochelle is meeting with such
unexpected success in his work.--Cali-
fornia Fruit Grower.
WATERING HORSES.
This is subject on which there is still
great deal of controversy, although most
horsemen are agreed that an unlimited
supply is the best, provided an animal
is in good health An animal under
these conditions will not take too much,
but when we take into consideration how
few stables are SO fitted as to allow this
being carried out it is practically out Of
the question, the more so from the fact
that horses are often out on long Jour
neys, coming home hungry, thirsty and
faigued.
Seventy-five per cent. of the animal
body is composed of water, and it is es-
sential to the maintenance of health that
this proportion between the fluid and
solid constituents be maintained. The
secretions and fluid excretions are con-
stantly tending to reduce the fluid parts
below their normal standard, and at no
time is this made more apparent than
after long and active work; the loss re-
sulting from increased perspiration and
respiration.
1t is at this time that popular opinion
would withhold water until the animal
cools down, Now, / hold that it is just at
this time, when an animal is warm in all
its parts, with an active circulation, that
it is best able to resist the chilling effect
of a draught of cold water. The stomach
being empty, the fluid passes into the
bowels and is rapidly absorbed, thus
supplying the necessary fluid to the
blood, without which the various secre-
tions necessary TO digestion could not be
maintained.
The most dangerous time to give a
horse full draught Of cold water is after
he has cooled down from fatiguing work
and has partaken of a meal. The COM
paratively small stomach of that animal
is replete with energy, the circulation
weak, the eXtremities cold, the whole
system languid, and not in state calcu-
lated TO resist the chill. The water me-
chanically washes the undigested food
from the stomach TO the bowels, where it
undergoeS decomposition, evolving irri-
taing and poisonous gases, finally cauS-
ing fiatulent and spasmodic collie or fatal
enteritis. My own practice for twenty
five years has been to supply a full
draught of water before feeding, giving
no more for three hours after, and only to
animals little more delicate have l
taken the cold OFF. l disapprove of meal
and flour drink, as it induces the animal
to drink too much.-Western Agricult-
urist.
LESS HAY FOR HORSES.
a horseman. writing on the subject of
feeding, thinks that hay in the manger all
the time results in serious disorders. He
says: Hay in the manger all the time
results in serious disorders. The ami
mails system is deranged and often
L.. i
weight less than 1000 pounds, is sound,
yet sluggish traveller ordinarily.