davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

William Ludgate is employed in the rec
ord and pension Office. War Department,
and was found at his desk in the old Ford's
building on 10th street. He enlisted in the
second New York state militia April IL, 1861,
and was mustered in as private. company A..
eighty-second New York volunteers. Nav q.
1861. to serve three years; promoted sergeant
major September /, 1863, and re-enlisted as q
veteran March 81, 1854
In July. 1864. the e1ghty-second New York
volunteers were consolidated with the fifty-
ninth New York volunteers. and on the llth Of
that month William Ludgate mustered in
as first lieutenant and adjutant OF the fifty-
ninth regiment. He vas granted leave of alb
sence August 30. 1864. and was detailed as acting
aid-de-camp, first brigade, second division, Sec
Ond army corps.
January 4, 1916, mustered in as captain and
assigned to company g. same regiment. and on
March 3. 1866. ne was, at his own request ito
assume command o: his company. relieved
from duty as acting aid-de-camp. first brigade
second division second army corps In May
1865. he was detailed as acting adjutant gem
eral. first brigade, second division. second army
corps. and on June Is, 1865. breyetted major Of
volunteers to rank as such from the 18th day of
April, 1865. ''for gallant and meri:orious SER
vices near Farmvi!le, Va" And for, above SER
vices medal OF honor was issued he having
PARTICIPATED in most of the battles in which the
Army OF the Potomac was engaged. He was
honorably discharged on tender of resignation
June %, 1865.
John Miller, corporal. company G.. captured
two OF the flags and james Richmond. private
captured the other and both received medals
Of honor
Capt. Asa B. Gardner of the twenty-second
New York state militia received a medal of
honor for services rendered during the Gettys-
burg campaign.
fwe 81,
OF sci vice having expired July l. 1868, volun-
teered to remain and participate in the battle
OF GettysburS, for which service all men be-
longing to the regiment received the medal of
honor, but as these awards were not for spe-
enc individual acts of bravery their names are
omitted here
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

Col John f. HarIanft of the fourth
PENNSYLVANIA infantry. I'D major
geuoi,.! and go.eEnor u enn-ylvania,
received a medal of honor The term Of ser
vice Of the fourth Penn svlvania ,-2ired on the
morning of July q. 1861. and the regiment
refused to 20 forward Col y. Franklin.
in his report of the battle OF the First Bull
Run. July Il. 1861 says: Col. IIartranft of the
fourth Pennsylvania regiment, hose regiment
refused 20 march forward tnat morning. &C
cclnnanied ne to tkn E-iI a. aid-de-carnp
His services were exceedingly valuable TO me
and he dist nguIshed himself III his attempts to
rally the regiments which had been thrown
into confusion"
Capt. Walter H. Cooke nf tha fourth Penn
sylvanis followed the. patr.C'in example of nis
colonel and received q medal Tor his bravery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
IN lHE SIAl

III" frat ac;' n point o: date on which they
w. performed s9- which raedais OF homo,
w.. AWARDED 'a-:hor h not the fla, medals
aw~rts..r Scre those OF Corp. John {. Hesse
an >'r-t. Jos. K vi -ou- 1T the 80 -, 90. s.,.,
rebellion tI. h1SGl quarters OF h, eighth United
States n:,gtry va a; san k--5aio, Texas.
John e. -ss- Ms :Lc corporal OF company A
o. ;r,t r-- ,r.sut and VAS t.'elI.d as clerk a,
rr-.ri. ia. headquarters. CA the 25i Of April.
$50. ;-e paecra AMI a few enlisted men at
~ tiae ulc.-u: % san Antonio were taken
Tr s..4. r. -F -at Tcss- troops G;.der command
pt Co Van Ioru. \! J.ie officer with the
e1cru; "a %. l.fIt. Edward l. Iiartz adiu-
tan gi-nih infantry. ieft few days after
var! i"r tAe SIT. III. He~S. 49, = .
~ tie record "a pension ONCE of the y -
b-partu a.. q. t..slS. - thf rescue OF the
cpl'f> - LIS re-llIsun. .sty-. - ssw DAYS sub
se11r@; . the csp;urc upon going to the
fyrJ1-r Once % iae &C. siucHtal headquarters.
tn buiI'.iar D-.. ;r'u IN EOs-cssiOa aud I'M
der control oil. the rebels | met there Lieut.
HART AM S. EEt Major Joscvh X Vixen
sl-atH lni.-E:r.- Oar r. gtmcntI coiors being
~ tn Ott-c. LIeat Hsrtk proposed to US to
Use the colo.s from 1hc stafs coucoa! them
S-nt..iL oar clothing, aHi Try 10 carry them of.
We DID, 20. ! took ~ torn colors which the
reg a1snt had carried through the Mexican
ear. pat . aroaGi INV bod: Ter ssIT snIr,
Gnt ! ou-r. anil passed out Of the building,
~ "a was s.r1n .,y guarded By the rebel Is.
Fortunately tie rebels did not suspect what a
prvcsuIs !eFl We carried concealed with
u. Tor IT they bad our lives would not haye
batu aoTtI mach We pat the co.ors in Que
o. LIsut iistrtzs tTu@-- IL next day left San
AbIOn.O Tor TIE h. On the route we
gssrJ.-i the cO.or- with our lives. always fear
iRs ic.t the rebels might ind ont whs. 80 -.
t.kcn away ard come after u, but they did
not and we arrived safe with our colors on
the 2Uth o. May. 1851. IN Washington city and
Earned ilem over 10 the regiment" John q.
medals OF hon0r Tor thus saving the colors OF
thrlr regiment
Private Francis Z. Brownell of company A.
eleventh New YorA infantry. "Ellsworth's
SonAses." received . neS.i " soaor ioz
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

In the Wilderness, on May 6, 1864. Leopold
Karpeles. color sergeant in the fifty -seventh
Massachusetts volunteers, now Of the sixth au-
ditor's Office in this city, demonstrated by heroic
valor on the battle field that he was entitled to
be the recipient Ct o medal of honor. He was
found at his desk by the writer for The STAR
and vividly described the particular part Of the
action Of that day in which he bore so conspicu-
Gus and honorable part. He Was the only color
sergeant to stand his ground on the part of the
deld occupied by his regiment when the fire
was hottest and the slaughter greatest, and his
standard was the rallying point of q sufficient
number of men to keep the coufederates in
check. The heroic little body of men rallied
around the colors borne by Karpeles and held
together under a hot FIRE for over two hours
and then under cover of darkness fell back and
reorganized the company in time to take part in
the succeeding days battle.
comrade writing to Mr.. Karpeles SAYS:
Eyes, karpeles. well remember you at the
battle OF North Anna. I remember that you
carried the colors of the glorious old tfty-
seventh Tar beyond any other colors, your
bravery was conspicuous. I remember that
you fell badly wounded and another sergeant
was sent to take the colors from you, but YOU
refused to give them up and carried them for
ward until loss Of blood or another wound.
have forgotten which. compelled You 70 give
them into the hands Of anqther."
ONE OF saAvs lkouxrr.
The one hundrsd end fortyaninth New York
infapty vea tAns - CAAnsslleegvilla. ~ q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

The medal l. described as "fve-pointed
star. tipped with trefoIl. each point containing
acrowa o. laurel and OAK. In the middle.
within circle OF thirty-four stars. America.
personihed as Minerva. stands wish her left
hand Resting Oh the fasccs. while with her right.
in which she holds shield cInoiaZoncd with
the American arms. she r1pulses Discord. rep
resented by two snakes IA each hand. the whole
suspended by trophy CT two crossed cannons.
balls AM sword surJaounted by tie AHleri-
can eagle. which Is ,!ait. r y IiLbon of thir-
ten stripes. palCTIse. GUics and t---ut ana a
chic azure 10 a clasp composed of two cornu-
c0p.as an the American arms"
Gen. Townsend later, in 1861. urged that
commissioned officers Be awarded gold and sill
yer medals. with tie privilege of inscribins
thereon tie nsIle and date of the battle in
Which Their EaILIntry conspicuous. In case
Of a repetition OF the distinguished conduct the
rccIrIen; Of medal would he authorized to
a.. % the inscription upon his medal the ,.;;;.io
aaI date OF his additional exploit. No action
was ever ttkel upon ;Lis recomme niation and
The ENLISTED man and the Uficer today wear the
SAM bad Of d.-tlaction.
The following j. list OF recipients OF
medals. with = bri,s accom-; of tae acts for
which they we're awarded. In some cases the
stories we've obtained by IHx STAR reporters
from the hips o. the brave men themselves
Those who received ncills of honor for the
capture % confederate Aags which i.-.-e
been in the custody OF the War Department are
omitted from ta4s list as they al pear sew here
IN Ian STAR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21


Mr.. John Tweedale. chief clerk Of the War
Department, was awarded medal Of honor for
gallan;ry in action at Stone River, Tenn, De-
eember 81. 1862, and January /. 1868, being
then private in company b, fifteenth Penn
sylvania cavalry. Subsequently, after having
served in the field to a late period Of the war
with distinction, he was detailed for clerical
duty at headquarters. Department of the Cum
beriand. March 70, 1868 and by reason Of the
ability ne displayed was in July succeeding an.
pointed chief clerk at the same headquarters
Mr.. Tweedale afterward accepted a clerkship
in the War Department and rapidly passed
through the successive grades until October L.
1872, when he passed a competitive examine
ton under civil service rules and was prom oted
to clerk. class Nv. in the adjutant generals
Office, from which position be resigned Janu-
airy a. 1873. to accept clerksh;p in The Office Of
the Secretary of War. Mr.. Twcedale. by rea-
son Of his executive ability, is valued member
Of one OF the committees Of the G. Ar hsy-
ing in charge the arrangements for the present
encampmcnt
GALLANT HIGHLANDER.
Francis W. Judge, sergeant, company Z. sew
enty-ninth New York infantry, Highlander"
For the capture Of the dag Of the nfty-first
Georgia infantry at Fort Sanders, Knoxville,
Tenn, November 20, 1853 When the seventy
ninth started in to fight at the first Bull Run
the officers wore kills and the men pantaloons
Of the Cameron torton, but like most other Of
the regiments that entered the war With fancy
uniforms they soon Laid this dress aside for the
more serviceable United States service uniform
This regiment fought well throughout the var
Its colonel, James Cameron. brother Of Simon
Cameron, Secretary Of War, was killed at the
First BAH Run, and il vas among the hsavisst
iosers in that heid-3a killed. 81 wounded and
1ls missing e eaptass4 This ssginso1 vas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

body Of infantry who held strong position
protected by stone walls. The brigade led by
the first Vermont leaped their horses in the
face OF hot fire over the intervening walls
and fences and made gallant attack. Farms
worth was killed and the regiment lost Is
killed, % wounded and % missing. The first
Vermont was one OF the best mounted regi-
ments in the service.
Major Wells commanded the second battalion
and was conspicuous for his gallantry in the
charge. and the hand-to-hand conflict which
succeeded it. Many prisoners were captured
Oliver p. Rood. private. company B, twen-
tieth Indiana infantry. Gettysburg. Pa. July
3, 1868. Capture OF flag of the twenty-frst
North Carolina regiment The colonel OF the
regiment. Wheeler. was killed. The twentieth
lost 80 killed, ia wounded and 10 missing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

the outer works Of the enemy, June l6. 1864,
and was present at the mine explosion, July 80.
At New Market Heights, September 90 1864, all
his ranking officers being shot down, Sergeant
Holland took command of the company and car
ried an outer work in front of Richmond For his
bravery in this engagement, in addition to the
medal of honor, he received silver modal
from Gen. BENZ. F. Butler. He was wounded
in this battle but did not leave the field. He
was with his regiment later on the same day
when they made q charge at Fort Harrison in
order TO relieve white brigade that was una
BILE 70 get back 70 the lines He served With
his regiment before the rebel navy asas Duteh
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

others the adoption in the United States army
Of medas or decorations similar to those
awarded In foreign armies for distinguished
services and slllsntry on the battlefield This
was objected 10 at the time the ground that
1t was contrary e. the spirit Of our institutions
TO wear decorations. The matter was then
dropped and nothing N this direction vas A"-n
until July. 1862. when Congress passed roso-
luton to award medals Of honor to enlisted
men. whi,h WAS followed by an act in 1863 ex-
tending the honor to commissioned officers.
The resolution, approved July Il, 1862, read as
follows:
Resolved By the Senate and House Of Rep
resen'atiycs u the United States Of America
In Congress assembled. That the President Of
the United States be and he is hereby authnr-
lied to cause 1000 medals of honor TO be pre-
pared. with suitable emblematic devices. and
10 direct that the same be presented in the
name of Congress to such non-co7pnaissioned
officers and privates shall most distinguish
themselves by their gallantry in action 80
their soloieriike qualities during the present
insurrection"
This was followed By .hc act of March 8.
1863, to the effect that ''the President cause to
be struck from the dies recently prepared at
the United States mint for the purposc medals
Of honor additional to those authorized BIZ the
act Of July IL. 1862, and present the same to
such officers. non-commissiOned officers and
privates as have mos: distinguished or may
hereafter most distinguish themselves IN ac-
ton. and the sum Of so 600 IL hereby appro-
priated out Of any money in the treasury not
otherwise Appropriated 10 defEay the expenses
O. The same
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
EDWIN ". rRrFlL


The story OF how Edwin NJ Trueu, the vell.
known treasurer Of the Washington Humane
Society, became entitled TO his medal Of honor
10 best told in letter from his colonel, James
K Prohibit. TO the governor Of his state, Hon.
Lucius Fairchild. which reads as follows: Il
request a brevet commission for Private Edwin
NJ. Truen Of Z company, twelfth wisconsin
veteran volunteers. for distinguished valor IN
battle at Bald Hill, near Atlanta, Ga. July q.
1854. In charge Of the regiment upon the
enemy's works he was severely wounded in the
ankle. but kept on with his comrades and MAS
afte-ward badly wounded in the right foot aud
suffered amputation Of the leg below the knee
In consequence. He was always with his COM
pany until that day and was in all respects .
model soldier"
The commission was issued TO rank from the
date OF the battle. and when Capt Truell learned
afterward that medals of honor were issued in
recognition Of distinguished gallautry In action
II was only necessary TO place this evidence on
file in the War Department TO have the medal
promptly awarded him After being badly
wounded in the engagement from which he Wa
justly entitled to return to tho and have
his sufferings relieved Capt Truell had the
glorious satisfaction OF assisting in the capture
OF three Dimes Of rebel works and many prson-
ers not leaving his company until severely
wounded the second time and It had taken q per.
manent position for defense at the earthvorks
last taken
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

James r. Durham. second lieutenant COM
pAny E, twelfth West Virginia infantry, . clerk
in the patent Office, received the medal Of
honor for bravery in action on June "A. 1858,
during the battle Of Winchester. Lieut. Dur-
ham was In command Of . sklrmishinr party.
They lay behind stone vail several hours, NOT
daring - oeen u e shov thstr heodp shove L.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

! iRLYIN 1861 GEN.
/. u. Townsend, adj
jutant hvnoIaI VI
the army during the
war. urged upon
Gsn- Scott. the
chairman of the Sem
ate military COM
raittee, the Secre-
tarv OF War and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

WAsHGNGroN, April /, 1880.
Sir: transmit to you the inclosed medal Of
honor, winch, as the inscription shows. is from
tine Congress to Sergt John c. Merritt, COM
pany X, HrSt Minnesota volunteers"
This medal Is awarded TO you under the pro-
visions of law for gailantry at the battle of
Bull Run in July, 1861, where you we're
wounded while III advance Of your regiment.
In connection With this award | find occasion
to remember with renewed pleasure and graft
tude the patriotism OF Miunesota's citizens who
in answer to my call as governor, at the first
dawn of the war period, vaiiantly responded
with cheers, the .ruMpets and the drums of the
first minnesota regiment, OF which you were a
member.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
ALEX. R;,fsEY.
Secretary Of War

Samuel T. Pingrec, company E, third YER
mont infantry. For bravery in action at Lee s
Mills, Va, april IL, 1862. This Vermont regi-
ment riva.ed tLe celebrated English Beef
eaters in ply sigue the men averaging five
feet ten and Il ha.f inches i'll height and l61
pounds III weight. Under the leadership OF
Capt. Pingree, vino wounded twice during
the fight, four companies, ID, L, and X.
fordsd the Warwick rive. at Lees Mills, one of
the doienscs OF Yorktown, in the face OF ter
rife IRE and not being we'll supported were
driven back with loss of 81 killed and
wounded out of 1872.
The Portland daily press., 1892-03-21
FINE DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Good Treatment for Cows and MiIE Is
the Beginning.

Good Treatment for Cows and M1lE Ii
the Beginning.
In starting a herd make proper Sc
lections of stock to begin. Milk and
board only the best animals, and study
the nature and effect of foods, with
view of properly combining them to pro-
duce the desired results. The DesC re-
suits will not be obtained from COW
unless she is given rations which are
calculated to produce milk on the one
hand or butter, as the case may be. Ii
milk is the object without reference to
the butter fats, then elements containing
nitrogen and hydrogen should be used.
If butter is the object, then these ele-
ments together with the carbonaceous
principles should be fed.
A ration overbalanced with carbohy-
drates will produce tallow fat on the
ribs OF the COW instead Of butter fats IN
her milk. You are not always sure that
you have good COW because she has
blue blood in her veins or comes from a
good family. Test every one of them.
There are poor cows in every breed.
Good care is essential to success. DO
not run COW to and from the pasture
with dog, or allow the hired man to
pound her with milking stool, or ap-
ply the toe of his boot to her ribs. Avoid
all excitement and do not allow her to
drink from slough holes, tainted springs
or brooks. The impurities of such wa
ter will be communicated to the milk,
and from there will find their way into
the cheese or butter.
All milk should be thoroughly aerated
as soon as drawn from the COW, then
cooled to a temperature below that OF
the surrounding atmosphere, to prevent
the absorption of odors. If milk is
cooled before aeration, animal odors will
not be removed and the cheesemaker
will find them when he warns up the
milk at the factory, but too late for
remedy. To do the work properly, use
a simple appliance, always placing it in
a clean place remote from cesspools,
stables, manure heaps, pigsties or other
foul places, and be sure to do the work
as soon as the milk is drawn.
Do not wait to get two or three large
pals full. AS soon as a pail is full,
carry it at once to the aerator and can
and pass it through. The process breaks
up the mass and allows the air to pass
through and remove the doors in the
milk. IF the milk cools before it is
taken to the aerator, warm it to 9S dogs.
which is about the normal tempera-
ture-then pass through the machine.
Such treatment will always insure good
milk. Remember, good cheese or but
ter cannot be made unless good milk is
furnished. The work Of making fine
dairy products, and that of most i'm
portance, begins at the farm from which
comes the milk.-Field and Farm.
The Portland daily press., 1892-03-21

which Is d1vloeQ IN d NUN DeT OF TOOmS
each of which will be devoted to vol
umes on one special subject. This in
nogatlon will enable speUialist to BE-
cure the book he wants in a moment,
and at the same time he has all works
of reference in relation to the subject to
be investigated before him. 1t also les
sens danger by fire, for as each depart
nent will be separated from its neigh
Dor by heavy stone or brick wall a
confagration can easily be confined
to the department in which it may hap
pen to originate.
The means at the disposal of the
trustees of the Newberry library are
enormous. When the division of prop
erty was made, according to the wishes
of the testator, the library share
amounted to 81, 149,201. Instead of be-
ginning building operations without de-
lay, the trustees appointed librarian
and rented small building for the stor-
age of such books as might be picked
up by DR.. Poole and his assistants, G. A.
Nelson, formerly librarian of the Aston
library, and DIR. Carl Pietsch, the we'll
known German philologist. Now, how
ever, work is in progress in every de-
partment, and the first section of what
will unquestionably be the leading ref
erence library of America will be fin
ished by January 1898.
The Chicago public library, now To-
Gated in the city hall building, is, as has
already been indicated, one Of the popu-
lar institutions of this great city. It has
for years been patronized by the repre-
sentatives Of all classes and conditions
of citizens: by Americans, Germans,
Irishmen, Frenchmen, Italians, Rus
SLAMS. Danes, Swedes, Norwegians,
Poles, Bohenians. Spaniards. Turks,
Hungarians and Japanese. l know of
no more interesting place than the
lobby of the public library. Men born
under every European flag and speaking
all the languages and dialects of the
continent can be seen every day and
evening examining reference books or
borrowing standard works of fiction for
home reading. The management has
aimed to keep pace with the demand
made upon the circulating depart
ment of the library, and thousands OF
volumes have been added annually to
the original choice collection.
The want of more room at last be-
came so apparent that prize was
offered for the best plan for a library
building, and this prize has recently
been awarded to Mr.. Charles A. Cool
idge, a Boston architect. The new
library is to be erected in Dearborn
park, near the business center of the
city, and will cost s1,200,ooo, exclusive
of machinery and fixtures. From the
specifications accompanying the draw
ings it is learned that the building will
be Of the Roman classic style of archi-
lecture. An imposing arch, suggested
by the famous arch of Titus, is to grace
the main entrance. The exterior will
be built of finelY-tlressed blue Bedfor1