davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27

rule. At one time the strong GermaniZng
influence that spread from the court and
capital through the country seemed likely
10 destroy everything that was distinctvely
Bohemian. The decree OF Maria Theresa
enforcing the use Of the German language
in the higher and middle schools Of the
country struck a severe blow at The mother
tongue, but here and there the national
language and customs were preserved by a
faithful few. and the growing liberal spirit
Of more recent times has brought abOut
n revival Of Bohemian literature and sci
enee, and there is now n chair Of the Rohe-
mIan language IN the University Of Prague.
The people are almost wholly Catholics, Il
very small number only being OF the Prot
eStant faith, while the brethren themselves
are SO small remnan; that it hardly seems
probable that the Austrian Government
could anticipate any untoward result from
Il celebration Of the anniversary of the
scholarly old Bishop.
The storms that ragged about the head of
COmenius during life and kept him an
exile from his country seem TO pursue even
his memory aud those who would keep il
green. His fame, however, despite edict and
protest, must continue enduring, and the
country that produced him has reason to re-
member his name with pride. Not only was
he famous throughout Europe, but-a fact
so little known that it is not mentioned in
the encyclopaedia sketches of his life-he
was a one time invited TO take the presi-
deney OF the then young American Uni
versitY of Harvard, on the resignation of
President Dun ster, in 1864.
The authority for this statement is Rev.
Cotton MatheFs Magnolia, in which that
familiar worthy says: That brave cid man,
Johannes Amos C0mmenius, the fame of
whose worth has been trumpeted as far rs
more than three languages whereof every
one is indebted TO his Jauua) could carry II,
was indeed agreed withal by one Mr.. Win
throD in his travels through the low cOun-
tries to come over 10 New England and il
illuminate their colledge and country in the
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27

The head of horse should be small and
bong, the forehead broad and level above
the eyes. indicating good sense and courage,
the face slightly dished below. horse
with bullying or recediDg forehead is apt
10 exhibit The same traits OF stubbornness
or mental weakness that human being
with the same pecularitles manifeSts. Your
Ronan-nosed animal is not handsome and
does not look trim. The jaw should be wide
up toward the socket to give room for the
winGpipe- and allow graceful carriage OF
tie head, the muZzie small, but with large.
weii-opened nostrils. TIE name should not
be too thick, and IL coarse as well as thick
it espeaks strain Of coarse blood in the
animal The eye should be clear and full,
gentle and kind In expression. The soft
eve that blinks sleepily at you when the
nurse is standing quiet is the one to choose.
It shows q kind disposition, and, II your
morse is good for anything, can be fiery
enough when occasion demands. Any
eloudiness or blush black appearance of
the eve should be scrutinZed closely and
the eve tested for blindness, which is often
difficult TO detect, the animals keen ears,
sense Of smell and acute nervous sensibiity
often serving TO warn him Of approaching
objects that he will avoid as though he saw
them, while in reality he may be wholly
blind in one eye. A blind eye. however.
will be irresponsive to light, and
lighted candle held before 1t will generally
revea. the truth.
The neck should not be too thick, but of
good length. connecting head and shoulders
with a graceful sweep. The shoulder Itself.
If speed and sureness of foot are sought Tor
in the animal, should be oblque. thus In
creasIng the power of the am to throw the
forearm forward and give good stride. LII
your horse is wanted to pull heavy loads,
straight, upright shoulder should be CHOSEN.
but an animal with such shoulders can 1ever
make time in harness and should never be
put under the saddle unless by rider who
desires a broken neck.
ShouIderblade and true arm should both
be 'well muscled," but fat is not wanted
here. These bones should join each other
at rather sharp angle at the point OF the
shoulder, which should neither point out
ward nor set in toward the body. The
middle piece of the body should be rounded
In the barrel. arehed slightly in the loin.
.'iong bellied and short backed" and
srwell-ribbed up" toward the hips. A loose
ribbed horse is hard TO keep in condition,
always seems soft" sweating easily, and
has not the staying powers Of a ciose-ribbed
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27

coins were all hand-stamped, but the people
seemed very 10th TO change them. Huw-
ever, Mr.. Pyne, at the instigation of the
Amer. established mint and very soon
succeeded in putting into circulation neatly
coined rupee and other coins similarly well
executed.
When the mint had been fairly estab-
Hshed Mr.. Pyne began a cartridge factory,
aud THIS, too, was speedily placed in Sltis-
factory working order. so that. the Afghan
workmen are now turning out 1000 car
trldges day, while their maximum daily
output is placed at 10000. Then came a rifle
factory, and, although the workpeople. had
all their lives been accustomed to rely on
the work OF their hands and to be entirely
independent of anything like steam
machinery. they very soon learned to
appreciate the value of the improve
menis introduced by Mr.. Pyne. aud
at the present moment they are
producing the smaller firearms. After the
Tlffe-fact0ry had been established, forge,
boot and shoe mandatory, and an Eng
llsh tailoring establishment were put in
working order. Asked how the Afghans
took 10 these new introductions, Mr. Pyne
sad that N first they were little backward,
put now they are taking to them with great
enthusiasm, and nobody is more enthusiastic
than the Amer himself.
In some respects they were of very in
Ventiye turn OF MIND. For instance, about
haif dozen of them set to work to make
steam-engne OF quarter horse power. No
one but Afghans had anything TO do with
the work. and when the Ameer saw the
result of their labors he WAS so delighted
that he gave them several thousands of
rupees in order to stimulate others to follow
their example.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
The Art of Swimming.

their value to mankind. Boating. swim
ming, fencing, playing at tennis, ships upon
the ocean, warriors in camp and on The bat
tleheld are all illustrated and described in
two languages, in parallel columns. as illus
trated.
Comenius seems to have been the first to
adopt this method of teaching two Ian
guages at once. which has since been found
so useful. and the lessons are so arranged
that the young pupil, when he had COM
pleted the las: one. could not fail to have a
good coiloquial knowledge OF his mother
tongue and the classic language.
The extracts given above seem absurd
enough to-day. but who can say what the
enlightened readers OF go years hence may
think OF the textbooks and learning which
We of to-day take quite seriously?
The good Bishop had some Ideas which
The present generation might imbibe with
profit TO the race In the Sc days when each Is
straining every nerve to look out for Num-
Der One. = Men are made" he saws, 'Tor
one an0ther'S good; therefore. let them be
kind" The book treats Of society between
men. society between husband and wife,
between parent and child, and various
quaint ana obsolete social customs and ideas
in a manner that must have seemed most
impressive to the solemn little Dutch school
children OF two centuries ago. Religion,
too. is given due prominence, one Of the last
lessons being on 1.-The Providence of God, /"
illustrated as shown.
me picture represents man gooQ angel
and evil genius contendlng for supremacy in
his soul. The angel directs him upward
where the all-seeing eye Of Providence Is
watching MIN; the evil one seeks by blan-
dishmeDts and the alluremenls OF this
world 10 lead him into evil, typified on the
left by a witch standing within mystic
circle, working entertainments. The whole
thing is we'll calculated to impress the
young mind, and in the language of the
sage Of the Arabian Nights. 'ff it were en-
graved upon the intellect would he lesson
10 him who would be admoni.hed
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
0RBIS PICTUS OF COHBNIUS.
The First Picture Textbook Eyer Made
for Little People.
1t Was In High Dutch and Latin, and Treated
Of all Things in Heaven and Earth and
the Water Under the Earth.
Written for THE MORNING CALL

a dispatch published in THE CALL few
days ago from Vienna stated that the Cow
eminent has forbidden the celebration in
that country. on March rs, of the three
hundredth anniversary of the birth of John
Amos Comenius, the distinguished educa-
tional reformer, and anticipated possible
trouble as n result of the edtct. as the
Czech leaders, il declared, were resolved TO
defy the authorities and celebrate the ami
vcrsary despite the order.
Probably many who read the dispatch had
never heard of COmenius. or had any idea
why a celebration Of his birthday should
'eaGse disturbance. when it might be sup
posed that he had long since done with the
strfes and disSensiOns of this mundane
sphere.
Johannes Amos Comenius, or Komensky,
as the name of old time was sometimes
spelled, yeas the last Bishop of the old
church OF the Morayian and Bohemian
brethren. He was born at Comma, or. ac-
c0rGing 10 another account, at y ievnitZ, in
Moravia, in 1852. of poor parents. belonging
TO sect OF the M0rayIan brethren. CO.
menus studied at HeroOTn and Heidelberg,
and. after travelling in Holland and
England, devoted himself to teaching, and
alter time became pastor and rector Of n
school at Fulnek. In 1871. however, The
Spanish invasion robbed him of all he pos
sessed, and drove him into Poland 1t
was soon after this that he was made
Bishop OF the Church of the Brethren. and,
as said before. lie was the last to fill this
high oflice, the Bishops being now the min
isters aud not diocesan.
Bohemia, where the celebration is forbid
den by the Austrian Government. is a king
dom of the Austrian empire, and has from
time to time been subject 10 hardships and
yiclssltudes by the severity of Austrian
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
A WONDERFUL SAW.
1t Will Cut Through Nickel Armor-
Plates Twenty Inches Thick.

1t Will Cut Through Nickel Armor-
Plates Twenty Inches Thick.
Carnegie, Phipps 81 Co. are about to add
to the finishing plant of the armor depart
ment of their Homestead mill, says a Pitts
burg dispatch to the st. Louis Globe-Demo-
crat, gigantic tool which will greatly ex-
pedite the delivery OF armor-plates for the
new warships. 1t is q steel saw Weighing
10 tons that will cut nickel-steel armor
plate as an ordinary saw walks through
plank. These armOr plates range
in weight from to 3S tons. and reach a
length OF 20 feet and a thickness of 20
inches. The armor of a modern war-vessel
cannot be put on like a sock. all in one
piece. 1t is built on the frame Of the ship,
rather like the scales of fish. In finishing
the plates ready for fitting they have to be
beveled along the edge where they fit to-
gether. This has been done heretofore with
planning machines, which slowly and la
horiously. shaving at time, cut them
down 20 the desired shape This saw has a
blade feet inches in diameter, geared
from above and revolving horizontally. The
armor-pate is placed on the fitting table,
adjustable to any angle, and presented TO the
edge OF the saw endwlse. The forward mo-
ton OF the carrying table thrusts the plate
steadily against the flying teeth, and an
angular slab of cold nickel steel, weighing
perhaps dozen tons. is taken off like the
slab Off pine log. 1t will be used also for
cutting plates into any desired dimension.
With the revival of naval construction
the problem of providing heavy armor
rapidly has veXed the soul of more than
one Secretary OF the Navy, and challenged
the enterprise of American manufacturers.
This is the latest contribution to its solu-
ton by Carnegie. Phipps & Co., aud comes
opportunity at the time when Chairman
Herbert OF the Naval Appropriations Com
niittee is arguing against authorizing
the construction of any additional battle
ships, because there has been delay in fur
nishing armor-plate. This saw will be the
first Of its kind used in this country. 1t Is
an Improvement on similar tool used in
the Krupp Canno on Works at Essen. 1t
cost about S35. 900, and will be set up early
mnnfh
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
HOW TO CHOOSE A HORSE,
What to Approve and What to Reject
When Inspecting Him.
The lover Of Horses Should Cultivate His
DIVA Judgment About Them and MT Re,v
on the Say So" Of Dealers.
Written for THE MORNING CALL.

Is there living in this country any healthy.
honest human being who does not love a
horse?
There are doubtless many, more is the
pity. who do not know horses; who. because
they do rot know them, do not take an ac-
tive interest in them aud who are even
AFRAID Of the strange beasts that. for them.
are fhli OF unknown possibilities Of evil
DONG, but the average American man or
woman Is potentially lover of horses.
lie time may come. as enthusiasts assure
US II VIII, when our trains and trucks. cur
carriages. carts and bicycles viii be pro-
relied by electricity, when men Will race
locomotive engines and have speedtraekS in
tie upner ether for matching their flying
machines, while the grass waves high over
ne oldiime tracks. regulation and kite
shaped both, where once horseracing was
carried on. Even when it comes, however.
the horse will not be superseded The old
ptoverb will be rs true then as il is to-day.
or ever was in the good old DAYS when the
ahlmSl NaS mans only dependence for land
tEhVei, good man on a good horse Is no.
DNuy slave" Then. as now, lovers of the
hofse VIII take every interest in the deyel-
opment Of the noble animal. and what he
VIII eventually become 10 one may predict
marvellous change has taken place
since that dark age when tie horse was a
litsle 1ouT-toed animal, no larger than fox.
Skipping over his native rocks and hills,
little dreaming of his future calling and
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
A DOCTOR OF EXPERIENCE.
He Makes a Lifelong Friend of a Patient
who Was Not sick.

Who Was Not sick.
Detroit Tribune.
When the doctor entered the room the
man on the bed indicated by motion of the
hand that his wife should be sent outside.
The physician, accustomed TO many queer
things. contrived to send her away without
any apparent design, and then the sufferer
turned to him and said:
doc. are you a married maa?"
YES" replied the man of prescriptions.
"Ahp' sighed the patient, with evident
relief, "then you'll understand"
swell ?" oueried the Nj. d., hoping TO get
at the real trouble In the case.
Perfectly. Never was better in my life"
This was something of a STARTER TO the
DOCTOR who had been called in great
hurry. He retained his nerve, however,
and asked:
what did you call me for?''
why, because I've got to be sick. It's
this way. Doc. Last fall made fun of some
OF my wife's purchases. accused her of get
ting swindled, and told her to take me with
her when she did her spring shopping. She
took me up, made me promise to go, and
yesterday she began TO talk Of starting out.
I'd rather live on baled hay for week
than GO"
"Oh, see." INTERRUPTED the doctor, ''you
want to be sick until the shopping is DONE"
Exactly"
swell. how would grip or pneumonia 0 ?"
Not any. IL she thought l was much
sick she wouldn't leave my bedside. Give
me something easy-something Just hard
enough to keep me in the house and let me
send her out. You advise her to go-tell
her she needs air"
The doctor saw and made . lifelong
friend.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
AMERICAN SKILL.
II Has Scored a Triumph in a New Field Of
Industry.
rittsburg plspatch. March II.

Pittsburg Dispatch March II.
Optical glass for the making of telescope
lenses. prisms and Photographic cameras
has been made at ElW ood Ind, by a we'll
known firm of this city. 1t is stated by +.
NJ. Gessner that sufficient has been accom-
plished to demonstrate beyond doubt that
this country will no longer be forced TO de-
pend upon Europe for a supply of optical
glass. Tue optical glass department has been
In operation during several weeks, and it is
said the manufacture has passed the expert
mental stage. Several alterations of the
furnace were required before il could be got
to work properly, bat several pots of glass
have been made, ana a number OF pieces
polished and rigidiy tested by John A.
Brashear of Allegheny. and pronounced alb
solutely perfect. and as Mr.. Brashear In his
business of many years has used the glass
OK all foreign manufacturers his opinion is
accepted as final.
At Mr.. Brashear's workshop a prism is
being maze for Professor Nicholson Clark
University, Worcester. Mass, 2hx3h
inches, aud second in the rough, but with
the ends polished and found perfect, is be-
ing made for Professor Langley of the
Smithsonian Institution, Washington. This
Is 5X6 inches, one of the largest in the
world Mr.. Brashear has a 2O-ineh lens
cast, and he will polish and finish it for eX-
hlbtion at the Columbian Exposition in
Chicago next year. Scientific men all over
the country have been absorbingly inter-
eSted in the experiments, as they have here
tofoTe been compelled to depend on foreign
glassmakers for lenses and prlsms.
There are less than half a dozen factories
in the world making optical glass. They
are in Munich, Jena, Paris and Brming-
ham. The manufacture has been closely
guarded. In Neufchatel, in 1745, a Swiss
named GGiDand was born. and be became a
Matchmaker. He attempted TO make a
telescope aud succeeded. and being compelled
TO make his OWL lens, discovered that by
stirring the melt in the'pOt for 15 to 20 min
uteS at stated intervals, he secured a per-
fectiy homogeneous glass, overcoming the
tendency of the lead used TO settle to the
bottom and producing spots and stratifica-
tons differing in density and attractive
power.
Edward Fell, who superntended the max
ing OF this glass at Elwood, is a great
grandson of GGinand, the Swiss watch
maker, and under Mr.. Feil's direction the
lens used at the Lick Observatory. Cali
f0rnia, was cast in 1882. He is the son of
Fell of the firm of Fell, Pere 81 Mantois,
Paris. This country has many skillfui
makers of scientific instruments, and much
of their work has found a market among
European scientists; but our makers have
hitherto been compelled to first import
lenses and prsms, bringing them from the
countries TO which they were subsequently
returned. The industry is rather an extern
sive one. as scarce any boy or girl feels con-
tent now unless they possess kodak and
an opera-glass. while in hilly countries no
residence is complete unless furnished with
a tielGglass.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
MAKING THE BOOMERANG.
The Australian Completes This Weapon
by Licking 1t with His Tongue.

Dy Licking III w ILh tongue.
ST. Nicholas
Three years ago | lived close TO an alb
original camp in New South Wales, writes
Arthur Hewlett Coates. This camp was
only about 300 yards from our settlement,
and 1t was my daily custom to walk over TO
the mooring as they called it, and study the
habits of the blackfellows. as the original
natives Of Australia are called.
/ was naturally more interested in the
boomerang than ia any other of their
weapons, and with little practice soon
learned to throw it, La the language of
this tribe, the Wong-ei-b0ng, which is sit
uated in the BogaD-river region, the BOOM
erang Is called w0mera.
l shall therefore call it womera. The
womera is made from what is technically
known as an elbow" from the kurrawung
tree, and sometimes from the yarran and
myall trees. All of these trees belong to
the acacia tribe and have sweet-scented
wood.
The blackfeIlow. having found suitable
elbow, chops 1t out OF the tree and, as it is
generally too heavy to carry home, trims il
On the spot into the rough outline of the
forthcoming weapon.
After about two hours labor the wcmera
will be reduced to three or four pounds
weight. but it is still long way from being
a finished weapon. As 1t now appears il is
fiat, heavy club. logger and thinner at one
arm than at the other. The black is Il de-
cidedly lazy specimen of the human species,
and he will as often as not lay aside his I'M
completed weapon for a week or perhaps
longer period. When lie resumes work the
wood will have become hard and dry, and
consequently difficult to work upon, but it
never once occurs to him that he is now
paying for his former Incidence. Time,
however. is of little or no consequence to
the black
After some further pairing down the
weapon is charred all over, and this part of
the work is quite skilfuliy done, no one part
being more burned than another. The char
coal is Clipped off and the biackfellow then
lcks the weapon all over with bis tongue
and places it in a smoky fire of green
boughs, which warns if and makes it quite
ulfahip
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27

for the enlightenment of the youthful STU
dent. The picture If heaven is. unfor,u-
nately, absent from the copy OF the work 10
which the present writer had access, but the
soul Of man, which modern science has
vainly sought TO depict in tangible repre-
s"ntstion, presented no difficulties TO good
old Cumenius, and his picture of il is here
accurately rep Oduced.
Not only the spiritual nature, but the
physical frame of man is treated of with
the frankness characteristic of the age
Yet from a scientific point of view Come
MUS account of human anatomy leaves
somewhat 20 be desired by way of explicit
ness.
''The head" he tells MS, sis above, the
feet below. The fore part OF the neck
(which ends at the armholes) % is The
throat, the hinder part the crag."
The shoulder blades are behind the back
(Which he has previously explained is be-
hind mani, on which the shoulders de-
pend; on these the arms, with the elbow
and then on either side the hands, the right
and the left"
1t is curious to note that although nearly
a score of years had elapsed since the great
Harvey had published his discoveries re-
garding the circulatory system, belief in his
assertions had not yet Obtained in schola site
circles, as Comenius here wrote for the in
stsuctlon of his young readers of the veins
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1892-03-27
The Providence OF God.

quality of president, which was now be-
come vacant. But the solicitations of the
Swedish ambassador oiverting him an
other way, the Incompatible Moravian be-
came not an American"
In Poland Comenius supported himself
By teaching Latin at Lissa, and here he
composed a work on education entitled
"PansOphia Prodromns," and his "Janua
Linguarum ReSeraia," which latter was re-
produced in twelve European languages
and also in Arabic, Persian and Turkish.
and on which his greatest fame rests. He
also wrote many other great books; but the
one with which this sketch has to do is his
"Orhis Sensualium Pietus," the last of his
writings, which was for hundred years or
more the household textbook 'of the chill
dren of all Europe.
The ''Orbis Pictus" was first printed in
1868. Ii was in German and Latin in
parable, columns, and was rrofusely illus
trated with engravings on wood and cop
per. 1t was, indeed, the first children's
picture book, and, while its pictures were
oil the crudest sort as compared with the
artistic works that now lure the young idea
along the paths of learning. it was and is a
great book.
An English edition of 1928. printed for
Jno. and BENZ. Sprint. and sold by them at