The National tribune., 1892-12-15
g. G. COLUMBIAN COURSE, y
What Four Hundred Years of Human Prog
ress Have Brought Forth.

| ress Have Brought Forth.
The special feature of the Loyal Home Work
ers " Department for tho year 1893 will be the 20
| lumbar Exposition. celebrating the -4O0th ami
versary of the discovery of America by Christopher
Columbus. A regular course of study and readings
will be given In advance, suitable fer home read-
ings G. c. Circles. 49, 10
The course of study will bear upon the history oil
civilization represented in the inventions. dis
coveres arts, sciences literature, architecture and
mechanical appliances of four centuries of progress
| extendng.from western Europe to the Now World.
series of general articles by the Editor will pre-
| cede and accompany the contributed articles. s.f
i PRIZES FOR PAPERS. ~. 49,
For the first second and third best articles cover
| ing the following topics prizes viii be awarded,
all articles to be mailed TO Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood.
| Canton, o. The best will appear In THE NATIONAL
| TRIBUNE. The prizes will be books. unless the
| writer expresses preference for something else,
| when articles of like value viii be substituted.
SECOND COLUMBIAN PAPER.
| The subject of the Columbian papers for Jan. Ill
| will be Columbus's Second Voyage bearing upon
| the following:
j. What was the motive of the second voyage?
2. Did Columbus ever know that he had dis
covered new world? 80. ~
8. What great changes were going on in Spain at
the time ,I Of the Columbus VOYAGES? ~, a,s
coyeres of Columbus?
FOUR HUNDRED YEARS AGO.
When Columbus discovered America Great
Britain rude and undeveloped country
That was GO years before Queen Elizabeth as
cended the throne of England. Hollinshead In
his English annals. says: There were very few
ehmneys even In the capital town (London} the
fire was laid on the wall and the smoke went out
of the roof door and window. The house was
waited and plastered with clay, and sill the furni-
ture and utensils were of wood. The people slept
on straw pallets, with a log of wood for pillow"
These were the days suggested in the old nursery
rhyme: ,es-
when was a bachelor liv'd by myself
And all the bread and cheese got put upon the
shelf;
But the rats and the mice they made SO much
strife
I was obliged to 60 to London to get myself
wife; -..,4...ea
But when got there the streets were narrow
had to take my wife away in a wheebarrow;
The wheelbarrow broke and my wife got n fall,
Down came the wheelbarrow, my wife and ALL"
This catastrophe to a fair bride. bedraggled In
London mud, is in keeping with the time when
there was light in London streets, except pine
torches, when the people lived on the eoarsest food
and vegetables were not grown, except of the
coarscst kind. ter
1t is well to remember how rude and factious our
English ancestors were, this will account for the
fact that Great Britain was century and more be-
hind Portugal Spain and France in navigation and
colonization in the new world beyond the
When Columbus discovered America England
was engaged in the extermnatng War OF the
Roses and not until the ascendaucy of the House of
Lancaster under Henry VII. in 1899. had she any
time strength for maritime expedition or dis
covery.
Those were the days when the comforts and
luxuries of higher civilization considered
efeminate and debasing. In London the
who brought umbrella from France
hooted and stoned by angry mob.
In those days actors and people Of rank, who
alone good clothes, carried the
shoulders of men through the dirty streets. In
those days the heavy leather boots wornby knights
aud cavaliers had become such weapons of warfare
that it required an act of the English Parlia- A
ment in 1863 to forbid the iron spikes in the coles
exceeding two inches In length. Bra S 3522 1al 4
In those days men thought it a Disgrace 10 ride
in carriages. When the Electors of Germany did
not want TO be present at meeting of the States,
they sent word TO the Emperor that their health
would not permit them to ride on horseback, and
it not becoming in them to ride like women.
As late the 10th century lords, magnates,
ministers and other dignitaries not permitted
to ride. except on horses mules Tile Queens were
all skilled in horsemanshpi and the effjey OF j
Queen Anne in London ToygL- elbows her clad in i
garments that looked like woven wire.