davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
In FOREIGN LANDS.
ITEMS OF NEWS FROM ACRoss
THE wATERs,
H".ssan TrooPs Marching Asainss sA~
Austrian vorces-Yachs Race
AZ asrsieht--J ules lie.
baudy Dead.


VIENNA, May 30.-The spectacle
OF Russian troops marching in hostile
array against the Austrian forces wss
witnessed yesterday at the Galacian
frontier near Radzivilou. The Aus
trian garrison at Brody, q few miles
from the Russian Polish frontier. were
out maneuvring and in the course Of
tramplng about unwittingy crossed
into Russian territory. The whole
frontier is patrol.ed by cossacks and
on discovering the Austrians On Rus.
sian soil they reported to the Russian
commander at Radzivilou, and troops
were at once started in the direction
where the Austrisns had been seen.
His avowed object, as stated to the
troops, was to attack the invaders and
drive them back over the frontier.
Fortunately for peace, the Austrian
commander had bis attention called bv
q Polish peasant TO the fact that he
was on Russian territory. A brief
review of the surroundings salts.
fled the Austrians that they had
made mistake and they turned
their faces at once toward their
own soil. Just as they were
crossing, the Russian troops were seen
approaching in the distance at double
quick; but before the Russians got
within firing range the Austrians were
on their own side Of the line. The
Russians acted as if they were disap.
pointed, and their commander, after
placing a strong outpost at the point
where the Austrians had crossed. re.
turned slowly to Radzivilou. The in
cldent was at once reported by the
Brody commander to the General in
command of the Austrian forces in
eastern Galicia.
LONDON, May 30.-The St. Petersl
burg correspondent of the Daily Mro.-
icIe says: sit is reported officially that
strenuous efforts are being made to re-
store the modus vivendi between Rus
sia and Germany. 1t is said that the
latter country demands that the duties
on German manufactures be reduced
and that Russia is willing to grant this
demand"
LONDON, May 3O.-In the yacht
race at Harwicht to-day the Ivernia
was again the leader, beating the
Meteor, formerly the Thistle, owned
by the German Emperor. Many Ger
mans were among the spectators and
they showed considerable disappoint-
ment at the success of the Ivern:s.
The weather was fine.
LONDON, May 30.-In the House
of Commons this evening the Irish
education bill was debated for several
hours and read for the second time
without division.
PARIS, May 30.-Jules Lebaudy,
the noted financier is dead.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Sentenced to be Hanged.

By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
SAVANNAH, Ca, May 3O.-This
afternoon Gus Williams and James
Gay, both colored, were sentenced to
be hanged in private on July %. They
we're among the conspirators who sew.
eral months ago, murdered and robbed
Augusta Mayor, a manufacturer of
this city, in his office. Three others
implicated in the affair will be placed
on trial within few days.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Special to the State Chronicle.

Special to the State Chronicle.
TRINITY COLLEGE, May 3O.-The
Carr democratic club met here Satur.
day evening, chairman f. S. Whita.
ker presiding. Speeches were made
by Mr.. N. c. English and Prof. R. L.
Flowers. The latter showed the fall
lacy of the sub-treasury scheme. A
number of the clubs members, who are
students, pledged themselves upon their
return to their homes they would or
ganize clubs of similar character. The
club has a large membership and lis
members are enthusiastic.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31

y lelegraph TO the State Chronicle.
I "ASHINGToN, ID. c., May 3O.-The
'peaker has laid before the House a
eoiomunication from the postmaster
2I1eral /, estimating an appropriation of
S'o]'o4' for the postal service Incl
1ont to the Worlds Columbian ex-
PO',,lon Ion. Tor the fiscal years 1898 and
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Railroad Bridge Washed AWAY.

~ telegraph to the state Chronicle.
NEW ORLEANS, May 3O.-A dis
patch from Shreveport, La, this af
'ernoon, says the caissons under the
east span of the Vicksburg.S Shreveport
railroad bridge, over Red river, at this
place. washed away this morning. The
span tell into the river and the entire
structure will probably go. The Gre
vase is now eighty feet wide and four
',en deep, washing rapidly. The river
.. New Orleans is now on a stand at
10 feet. No crevasses have been
reported today.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Another Negro Lynchcd,
BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle.

HUNTINGDON, W. ", May 3O.-It
is just learned that Jim Smith, col
ored desperate, was lynched in Logan
county on Saturday. Charles Seer
pella twelve-year-old negro was
found with his throat cut and his
pockets rifed. A watch, given him
by his employers, was found in Smiths
possession. Before the sheriff could
bail Smith, he was seized and swung.
He died drinking from a flask as long
as he could hold it to his lips. This
was his fourth murder.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
On the Turf.

BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
NEW YORK, May 3O.-Morris Park.
with its immense stretches and magnifi.
cent scenery, opened its racing season
this afternoon in blaze of glory.
Summary: First race, opening scram.
BILE for all ages, five furlongs. DR..
1asbrock first, Correction second, Race.
land third; time SO. Second race.
sweep stakes, one mile. Two Bits first,
Mrs. Peck second, Vernon third; time
1:4O4. Third race, juvenile stakes for
two-year-olds, five furlongs. Bonnie
Leo, colt, first, Prince George second,
Percier Jouette third; time 100.
Fourth race, metropolitan handicap,
with $4,000 added, Il mile. Pessa-
ria first, Locohatchie second, Sleipner
third; time 1854. Fifth race, sweep
stakes, seven furlongs. Milt Young
first, India Rubber second, Alcalde
third; time 1921. Sixth race, sweep
stakes for two year olds, five fnrlongs.
Risk first, Warsaw second, Jeanette
NJ. third; time 1:013.
LAToN1A, May 3O.-First race, SELL
ing, I mile, divided. John Berkley
first, Elsie S. second, Darling third;
time 1.164. Second race, selling one
mile: Powers first, Book Ladley second,
Orville third; time, 1.133. Third race
for maidens two years old GIG miles,
divided: Verdant first, Judge Cardwell
second, Plutos third; time SCI. Fourth
race, 1916 miles, Detretched handi-
cap: Hand Pickwick first, Balgowan
second, Poet Scout third; time 2.O3.
Fifth race for two year olds s mile:
The Reaper first, Gov. Foraker second,
Queen Adie Enrid third; time 1922.
Sixth race, selling, Z mile, same con-
dition as first race: Nihil first, Sou
Doudly second, Rema Louise third;
time l.174. Seventh race, maidens,
same condition as third; Jessie Lee 3.
first, Luke F. second, Carrie Pearsall
third: time 584.
OLOUCESTER, N. J., May 3l.-
First race, d furlongs: Herald first,
dead heat for place between Bookmaker
and Reba; time 594. Second race, one
half mile: Delinko first, Estelle second,
Return third; time 524. Third race,
64 furlongs: Flattery first, Delusion
second, Dago third; time 1923. Fourth
race, ! mile: Raleigh first, Oberlin
second, Jack Rose third; time l:4O4.
Fifth race, ) mile: Nettie first, Leo
Bright second, Count Me In third; time
1:O4. Sixth race, ! mile. Grimaldi
first, Dousman second, Bias third; time
1851.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Burns ssDOes,, Mccarthy.
egraph TO the State Chronicle.

By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
CoNEY ISLAND, N. Y, May So
At the Coney Island athletic club to.
night Cal Mccarthy, the ex-feather
weight champion of American, and
Bobby Burns, of Providence, Tough,
eight rounds for a purse of $4,000
Mccarthy weighed 1914 pound Burns
III. Mccarthy started in with the idea
OF finishing his man at short notice, but
he soon discovered that he had caught
tarta. In the first round not much
damage was done, but much before the
end of the next Mccarthy found him.
self fioored twice. Honors were about
even until the eighth round when
Burns with a straight right handler
put Mccarthy to sleep and won the
mill. Burns did not appear much the
worse for the encounter.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
VIII Resign.
w. +. MASSEY.

BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
WASHINGTON, May 30.-John p.
Sousa, the well known leader of the
marine band announced today that
he would sever his relations with the
band as soon as the government grants
its permission. Mr.. Sousa has been
offered $4,000 year and an interest
in the profits of an organization to be
formed by Chicago capitalists.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
n Break in the LeVee Closed.

BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
New ORLEANS, May 3O.-Last
night the cheering information was
wired to New Orleans that the break
in the levees at the Lessier place had
been closed at 5 o'clock. The work is
regarded in engineering circles here as
an excellent achievement, and the
closing of the break, with the river at
the height it now is, gives promise of
the closing of many of the other
crevasses.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31

BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle.

BY Telegraph TO the State Chronicle.
SAVANNAH, Ga, May 30.-To-
day. in accordance with the request of
traffic manager Shellman, Maj. G. A.
Whitehead, for the past twelve years
general freight agent of the Central
system, resigned. w. A. Winburn
will succeed him on Wednesday. The
office of superintendent of motive
power has been abolished and other
changes are expected.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Detectives on the Track.

DIV IeIUBrdpn 10 Che State Chronicle.
New YORK, May 3O.-A special
from Chicago says: "It is said that
startling developments are coming in
the Cronin case. Cooney, the fox
has been located and detectives are
now on his track. Cooney engaged
the rooms in the Carlson cottage and
assisted in the butchery.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Special Cor. State Chronicle.

tOI FSI6Ib
RALEIGH, NC, May 28.-We think
it would be we'll to inquire whether
that fish yarn you printed in to-day's
paper was sent out with the approval
OF the fish commission. Ii would be
just about as sensible and feasible to
try to hybridize snail with . grass
hopper to shorten his hind legs. If
there is any such man monkeying with
the fish commission, the sooner he is
out the better This boneless shad
story is probably the invention of some
reporter short of an item.
w. +. MASSEY.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Rem8 n6o6 for Now Trial

i H1o
By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
PORTLAND, Ore, May 3O.-The
general assembly this morning received
a report of the special committee ap-
pointed to prepare paper disposing Of
the Briggs case following up the decis-
ion of Saturday, which was adopted,
remanding the case back to New York
for new trial as soon as possible.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
WeenlS is in jail.
egraph to the State Chronicle

By Telegraph to the State Chronicle,
New YORK, May 3O.-A special
despatch to the Press from Moreys.
town, Tenn. says that Charles Weems,
the negro charged with attempting to
assault white woman at Chattanooga
on May l9, is in Jail at that place.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
MEMORIAL DAY.
HOW 1T WAS OBSERVED IN THE
VARIOUS CITIES.
Elaborate Parades and Ceremonies.
The Graves of the Federal Dead
Strewn With Flowers.
By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.

Ine Graves OF the Federal Dead
StreWn With Flowers.
By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
At Washington.
WASHINGTON, May 3O.-Decora.
ton day opened cloudy, but it soon
cleared away and the day was almos,
a perfect one. All the government
departments were closed and business
suspended throughout the city, gene.
raj holiday being observed. The
ceremonies of the day opened with the
usual parade of the G. A. R., who
visited the different cemeteries and
soldiers home. Orac..,s were de.
liyered and memorial hymns sung.
After the ceremonies at the different
resting places flowers we're profusely
strewn on the graves.
At New York City.
NEW YORK, May 30.-The grand
feature of decoration day in this city
was the military parade which took
place this morning, and in which the
regular troops, the militia, the naval
reserve and the G.. A. R. took part.
After breaking ranks, the different
parts and associations went to the va
rlous cemeteries where they decorated
the graves of the fallen heroes. After
the decoration they went to the Grant
tomb at Rivermont where Col. Mar
shall, ex-confederate, made speech of
some length. At the conclusion of
the ceremonies a number of G. A. R..
strowed the tomb with floral offerings.
At Macon.
MACON, Ca, May 3O.-Decoration
day was observed to-day at Anderson
vile, the site of the historic stockade
IN the presence of not less than 1000
people. 1t was an orderly assembly.
however. Visitors were present from
every State in the Union and immense
quantities of flowers we're received
from all directions. Hon. John
Temple Graves was the orator of the
day.
At New Orleans.
New ORLEANS, May 30.-The deco
ration day services here were entirely
in the hands of the colored posts of
the G. A. R. The white people had
memorial services at the churches YES
terday but refused to 60 to the national
cemetery and confederate veterans
who have presented fo.a, offerings in
the past refused to do so this year. de-
clining to have anything to do with
the negroes.
At Savannah.
SAVANNAH, Ga. May 3O.-The
graves of the Union dead in the GENE.
tarles here were decorated with appro-
pirate services by Hancock post today.
Services were held at the National
cemeteries at Beaufort, S c., Ander-
sonville and Florence, where many
thousand soldiers lie.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Severe Storm at Ash q bOrO.
ecial to the State Chronicle.

SpecIaI 10 tne STATE CHRONICLE.
RANDLEMAN, N. c., May 3O.-The
vicinity of Asheboro was visited with
a severe storm yesterday. One dwell.
ing was Eearly entirely demolished,
while several other buildings were
damaged, among them the Banner
hotel. Fruit trees were blown down
and all are of one accord in saying
that it was the worst storm ever known
here.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
A Brakeman Killed.
By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.

By Telegraph to the State Chronicle
DANv1LLE, Va, May 3O.-John
Glasgow, a brakeman on the Rich
mond & Danville railroad fell between
two moving freight cars today near
this city and received injuries from
which he has since died.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
To Vote for blaine.
.e State Chronicle.

BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle
MACON, Ga, May 3O.-Republican
delegates to Minneapolis convention
in this county are in receipt of in
structions from Clarkson to wear
Blaine badges and to vote for Blaine
at the convention.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
The Fund Raised.

BY Telegraph TO the State Chronicle.
NEW YORK, May 30.-The fund
for the erection Of the Grant Monu-
ment has been completed. That was
the announcement made amid the
cheers of the multitude at the memorial
day exercises this afternoon in front of
the tomb of the deceased general.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
The Pullman Road Race.

By Telegraph TO the State Chronicle.
CHICAGO, May 3d.. B. Woolas,
Of the Lake View cycling club, COM
paratively unknown in local cycling
circles, won the Pullman road race to-
day. He had time allowance Of six
minutes.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Gone up I'm Smoke.

By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
BROOKLYN, N. Y, May 30.-The
three story frame building, at Will
liamsburg, occupied by j. S. Remsen
& Co., manufactures of carriages, was
destroyed by fire this morning. The
loss on building and contents is
Sl15,O00.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
monument Unveiled.

esraph to the State Chronicle.
~" ORLEANS, May 3O.--The
,ana aulnent erected to the late superip.
~ hue'V oi police, David C.. Hennesey,
0a.1 was as8assinated by the Malta in
Ma,' Mooer' 1890, was unveiled at the
dres'o o cemetery yesterday. Ad-
Sbss ose8 We're made by ex.mayor
NoSPeare and mayor Fitzpatrick.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
The Record Broken.

BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
New ARK, N. j., May 30.-How-
land F. Smith, of North Bedford,
Mass, to-day broke the worlds record
for twenty-five miles. He made the
distance in one hour, seventeen min.
utes and Iforty-fve seconds, breaking his
own record of one hour, nineteen min
utes and thirteen seconds.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Southern League.
The Spring Games Opened.
Telegraph to the Chronicle.

New YORK, May 3O.-The fifteenth
annual spring games of the Manhattan
athletic club took place to-day on
Manhattan field. There was fair
crowd present, the track was in good
condition and fine performances re-
suited, though no records were broken.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31

Ayers Pills are invaluable for the
cure of Headache, Constipation, Stomach
and Liver troubles, and all arrangement
of the digestive and assimilative organs
These Pills are sugarcoated, safe and
pleasant to take, always reliable, and re-
tain their virtures in any climate.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
A Negro Shot and Killed.

special TO the State Chronicle.
MooREsvILLE, N. c., May 3d.
John Payne, colored, accidentally shot
and killed Bob Martin, also colored, at
a negro church near Davidson this
morning.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Gen. krefder Dead.
By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.

BY Telegraph TO The State Chronicle.
DAYTON, o., May 3O.-Gen.
Kreider, commander in chief of the
Catholic Knights of St. John of Ohio,
died last night. He was 63 years of
age.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Declared Insane.

By Telegraph to the State Chl onIcIe.
NEW YORK, May 80.-William
Lewis Corrigan, a brother of Arch
bishop Corrigan, has been declared in
sane.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Slavin Knocked Out.
,le to the State Chronicle.

LONDON. May 30.-(Bulletin y
jackson knocked Slavin out in the
tenth round. The knock out blow
broke Slavin's Jaw.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31

Typhus Fever in Bellevue Hospital.
BY Telegraph to the State Chronicle
New YORK, May 30.-Another
case of typhus fever was discovered in
Bellevue hospital yesterday.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
On the DiannOn6

By Telegraph to the State Chronicle.
WASHINGTON, May 3O.-The games
to-day resulted as follows: At Louis.
vile, Louisville 6, Philadelphia :; at
Pittsburg "a. m. game), Pittsburg IL,
Baltimore l; (p. m. game), Pittsburg
4, Baltimore 3; at Boston, Ga. m.
game), Boston 4, Cleveland 0; (p. m.
game), Boston IL, Cleveland 6; at
New York, New York 9, St. Louis g.
at Cincinnati, Cincinnati 6, Brooklyn
2; at Washington, Washington 4,
Chicago s.
Southern League.
At Montgomery, Montgomery 6,
Macon 4; at New Orleans, Atlanta Z,
New Orleans 2; at Memphis, Birming.
ham 4, Memphis 3, (game called at
the end of the third inning On account
of rain); at Mobile, Chattanooga H.
Mobile /.
The state chronicle. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1891-1893, 1892-05-31
Ihe State Chronicle

The Daily has . larger circulation In ths
State and City than any other daily.
The Weekly circulaies In every oountv -
the State.
The CHRONICLE is one of the best sdyer.
Using mediums In the State.
Correspondents solicited.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1892-09-09
Silver Wheat and Cotton.

Silver has been ranging during the
past week in the vacinity of SO cents
an ounce. Wheat has dropped to 9S3
cents per bushel in New York, the low
est point since 1883. Cotton was last
quoted by Dunn & Co. at " cents and
corn went down 81 cents during the
week. Other staples were in close
sympathy. Oats declined II cents,
pork 80 cents barrel, lard 81 cents
and hogs 80 cents per 100 pounds, and
oil } of a cent per gallon. As silver
goes, so 60 the other leading articles
of commerce.
What does the decline in these sta.
pies meanP Simply that gold is go
ing up-that is, advancing in its pur-
chasing power. As the prices of every
thing staple arrange themselves with
the amount of actual money-gold--
the decline Of the one measures the
advance of the other. Herein is the
conspiracy Of the gold trust, as SEN
ator Stewart has so aptly termed it.
By striking down silver it has reduced
the volume of money, and as cOnse-
quence advanced its purchasing pow
er, The prices Of everything have de-
clined, and have not yet reached bot
TOM The whole industrial world is
on the verge of paralysis Silver and
wheat, cotton and other staples OF
commerce are hardly worth producing
while all money is ceutered in the
hands of the few. The masses are
sinking into hopeless debt and bank
ruptcy,
There is too much intelligence, toe
much manhood, too much freedom in
the world to permit theso conspirators
to succeed. They have already brought
great distress upon the people of this
country and Europe. Their schemes
cannot. however, go much farther.
Commercial panic is certain to ensue
unless they are soon checked. A great
revolution is impending-not a revolu-
ton of force, but of ballots. The
people are awakening to the threat
ened danger and are demanding the
only remedy-the reconciliation OF
silver and its complete restoration to
the coinage,
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1892-09-09
SAMUEL GOMPERs.
CHRIS EVANS,

The republican fog-horns here this
week assumed that the ex-soldier
owned his pensiyn to the republican
party, and if he left the g. o. p. and
voted any otherrticket he was in dam
ger of loosldg his pension. Rats!
Shades of George Washington an
Andrew Jacksonl Angels and minis
ters Of grace defend us! When such
blatherskites are out of a lunatic as
sylum, and use such senseless hog
wash to fool the veterans. Pensioning
of soldiers was the policy of the gov
eminent before the republican party
was born.
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1892-09-09
ON TO WASHINGTON.
The Great Rock Island Is the Official
Route.

The Grand Army Of the Republic and
Woman's Relief Corps of Kansas, have
selected the "Great Rock Island" as the
official route to attend the national en-
campment and convention at Washing
ton, September 10 to %. 1892.
The department of Oklahoma, G. A.
r. have also chosen the Rock Island as
official rome, and the WOman's Relief
Corps of Missouri have taken the same
action as to the route for this trip.
Tickets will be on sale at all coupon
stations Of the Rock Island in Oklahoma
Kansas and Nebraska, September II to
Is, inclusive, and from Colorado points
II to Is. inclusive.
The rate Is one fare for the round trip,
and based on present rates, makes 1t but
little In excess Of one cent per mile.
Write at once for particulars, and there
are many special parties desiring cars
that should at once communicate 10 re-
ference to it. We can and will take care
of this business in satisfactory manner.
Address, JOHN SEBASTIAN,
General Ticket Agent
Chicago, Ill
The Goodland republic. [volume] (Goodland, Kan.) 1891-1907, 1892-09-09

The Wyoming populIsts have od-
journed their state convention to Sep
TENDER 81. They mean to go slow
and make no mistakes. The people Of
Wyoming have chance at the ballot
box to rebuke the cowardly republican
administration and to condemn the
band of assassns who have ruled the
state.