davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1892-01-03

an extension Of the best principles Of fruit
farming, and the form is so simple that any
one may attend to Il. In fact ii is not bit
more troublesome than the care of rose
bushes.
! should tell you that when the apple trees
oVeTtake each other along the Gordon il Is
usual to graft them over 10 another and
then when the line is well trained and IS
tablished the wire may be taken away
altogether. A fruit-grOwer living at Mary
le-koi furnished me with no less than a
dozen reasons why apples should be grown
by the Gordon system, and the first Of them
all was that the fruit was larger and finer
than that borne on any laTge-fOrm tree /;
there is no injury to the fruit by branches
swayed by the wind, and when an apple
does fail the distance is SO short that it is
not injured
1t is true also that pears may be grown
thus In the highest perfection. But good
many French fruit-growers adopt the
oblique Gordon as short way to quick re-
turn, and 1t Is certainly a good system where
the walls are high. To train trees tor this
system is simple matter. Sometimes the
pear is trained as vertical. single or double
Gordon, and 1t may also be trained as h0rl-
zontal Gordon on low walls with an edging
like the apple; but generally the pear
pushes too vigorously to be trained in this
way, while the pendulOus habit of the fruit
renders IL more liable to be splashed. The
obliQue Gordon trained pear is best suited
for the wall culture of choice winter pears
where IL is desired 10 obtain quick return !;
and pears may be trained In y form for
very high walls. AS for the spiral Gordon it
is a fancy, though it is a useful way.
A good result Is obtained by growing
peaches by the oblique Gordon system. A
The morning call., 1892-01-03

and prune year after year. until the tree be-
comes large and perfect pyramid.
The upright mode of training wall and
eSpalier trees. of which some Of the best ex-
ampleS near Paris are pictured herewith,
will commend itself to persons interested III
fruit-growing. The U form, or double cor
dou. is best suited for a very high wall or
fence, and the obliQue Gordon is better
where tie wall Is low. Sketches are also
presented of varieties of vertical training
The tree with the three erect branches is
suitable for the same purpose as that with
the two, but can be planted on proportion
ately low walls or trelliSes, and, if deemed
advisable, the middle branch may be formed
by another variety being grated on the
stock. The four branch tree is we'll adapted
for strained wire fences. around vegetable
quarters, sides of walks and other boundary
lines The double u is handsome mode of
training. and, being simple, is readily put
into practice. The sketch labeled "Vari-
cites of vertical training" will show modes
that are we'll calculated to take the place of
the ordinary espalier, which, after all, is
often the eyesore in what would otherwise
be fine looking garden orchard.
The morning call., 1892-01-03

closely spurred in; and ii is a mistake to say
that o other than small and single-stemmed
trees are a Gordon. l believe the word is
derived in French from cOrde, that is to say
cord, for, though spelt differently. the word
means the ime IN b tn languages.
b For this system a. galvanized wire is fat
tached to a strong oak or iron post, fixed so
firmly that the strain Of the wire cannot
disturb Il. The wire is about foot from
the ground, and is frightened by an inStru-
ment called a TaidisseuT. The wire need
not be thicker than strong twlne, and a
similar kind is used for walls and esDalers.
At intervals a support Of iron OF wood, with
an eye in it, Is placed under the wire on
which the plant is trained, and this forms
the kind of Gordon that is mostly used for
making edgings around the squares of
French fruit gardens.
The horizontal garden system enables a
gardener to grow apples along the lower part
OF a wall which would otherwise be good
for nothing and it also gives him opportun-
ity OF using ground between fruit trees.
Some Of the best apples / ever ate were
thus grown; they sell al Cuvent Garden for
more money than those imported from
America, and sometimes as high as 40 cents
apiece in Regent street.
There IS much IN the Gordon system to
recommend it to apple-grOweTs. IL brings
the branch near the earth, where IL receives
much heat, where it throws out no Injurious
shade and where it may be best protected
and with the least amount Of trouble. 1t is
The morning call., 1892-01-03
THREE SACRED FIRES,
The Conservation of Parsee Fire Tenn
pie in India,

The Conservation of a Parsee Fire Tenn
pie in India.
The Bombay papers contain accounts Of
the conservation there recently of new
temple erected for the reinstatement of the
sacred AdaIan fire. The fire was installed
in 1888 by Manockjee Nowrojee Shett The
old building showing signs of decay, it was
replaced by new one at q cost of about a
lakh of rupees by Mr.. Jalbhoy Ardeseer,
the eighth lineal descendant of the founder,
says the London Times. 1t is built in the
ancient Persian style of architecture. A
flame, before it falls into one Of the three
recognized classes of ParSee sacred fires in
india, has to undergo certain ceremonials
corresponding to the dignity of the order in
which it is destined to belong. Thus, only
a thirtieth part roughly of the expenditure
and religious recitation would be required
to consecrate Dadgan fire than when
Beheram tire is to be installed.
The most ancient fire at present in India
is at the secluded village of Oodwada, near
Bulsar, and the ParseeS make it point to
repair to the Beheram fire there in large
numbers during the months which are
specially allotted to the presiding genius of
fire. 1t was cOnsecrated about twelve CEN
turtles ago by the ancestors of the present
Parsees in cOmmemoration of the voyage
India. The priests vowed TO institute the
fire in the event of their ships landing there
in safety on Indian soil. The fire is fed at
five stated times durings each twenty-fOur
hours, with sandal-wood, benZoine and
quantities of other odorous materials as well
as with very dry fuel. This. however. can
not be done without previous compliance
with certain religious formulas.
Next in rank tn the Behram fire is the
Adaran, the one reinstated recently in
Bombay. 1t is placed In large silver CEN
ser, estimated to have cost about 1000
rupees. The hall in which it is placed
could not be entered except by the oi1iciat-
ing priest or his immediate assistant.
While the building was under construction
the Adaran fire was removed to a place set
apart for the purpose and for the use of the
priests in charge. all the arrangements
for the removal and reinstatement to the
new temple were made under the directions
Of the hereditary priest officiating in the
temple. After the ceremony was over one
of the priests read, on behalf Of the priestly
community making use of the fire temple,
an address OF congratulatiun t. Jalbhoy
ArdeseeT, aud presented him with a flower
vase as a memento of the occasion. The
majority of the Parsees then adjourned to
partake of the ''chas ee," which meant the
tasting Of sacred wine. fruit, milk and such
other edibles over which prayers had been
recited. The building was illuminated at
night.
The morning call., 1892-01-03

single stem, or a perpendicular Gordon, the
top being permitted 10 grow as high as it
can, and thus close columns of leaves and
limbs are formed. The advantages are
plenty Of sun and air, and great many
can be grown on small space of land. The
awback Is their great height makes prun-
ing and gathering Of fruit difficult.
In an oblOng piece of 2 lund out near Ar
gentruIl, which is walled in and has a straight
walk through the center, b0rderrd by
the lines Of fine pyramidal trees cut off from
the path OF long horizontal cOrdons, are
somewhat remarkable espaliers Of pear
trees, all the branches Of which are grated
10 Eether by approach The owner is also
fond OF transforming his trees into fantastic
letters and mOnOgrams. lie is an amateur
gardener, very rich, and is still in love with
his wife. though they have been married
twenty four years. Her baptismal name Is
Henrietta, aud few years ago he trained
pear trees to form her initials. 1t is very
curious.
useful form Of pear tree is called the
balloon form. 1t is made by taking eight
limbs from the butt of the tree and bringing
them outside Of the hoop, while the main
stem ascends straight mp. The branches
grow little above the hoop, thus giving
uniformity to the base, and then ascend
regularly ana naturally toward the TOP.
where they are united to the parent stem
This fOTr- has this advantage, that the long
branchT, are thoroughly exposed TO the sun
and the Iight from the bottom to the top.
The morning call., 1892-01-03
TRANOFIIED BY SONG.
4 C0l0TGd Lads Sweet Voice in a Station
House.

The wonderful power of little child's
song on hardened criminals has just been
illustrated in two police stations, says the
Philadelphia Record. Officer Garnet of the
Nineteenth District noticed little coIored
boy crying piteously just after the noon
hour, at Eleventh and Locust streets. Lost
child" unused the officer, and then, "Hullo,
Johnny, what's the matter?"
The boy looked scared half to death at the
sight of the big policeman, but managed to
sob out:
i want my mammal
The queer little waif was taken to the
Nineteenth District Police Station. He
was we'll dressed, wore a smart cap trimmed
with gold lace, and looked unusually intelli-
gent. A vOlley of questions could not ex-
tract from him where he lived. and all he
cared to say was, my name is Joseph Ed
wards Reason. and | am 9 years old" He
had q clear voice and spoke with unusual
GiStinctness In few minutes he had for
gotten his troubles and went to make
friends with the station-house cats. Then
he walked up to big sergeant and said,
can sing can your"
The big sergeant was so ast0nished at his
small queStiOner that lie let his cigar fall on
one OF the cots, but none of the officers
laughed. They were too aStOnished.
II can sing you one Of my Suuday-SchOol
SONGS" volunteered the small boy, Then,
without waiting for an invitation, his clear,
soprano voice, full of sweetness rang out
the words of Jesus, Lover Of Ny Soul"
The effect was startling, and every one
listened respectfully. Men off duty came
tiptoeing down stairs. and soon the little
singer had a group OF callouSed officers Of
the law about him. Lumps came up in
their Threats, pipes were laid down and
eyes became suSpiciOuSly moist. The
l,.H-
Sundays debauch, waiting for the patrol
wagon to take them to prison, stopped
their cursing and listened. After the last
note died away hardened sinner, whom
the detectives know as a desperate criml-
nal, jumped up, and in husky whisper
said TO the turnkey:
Hardy, OATS de stun. Make de Kld
sing some more. SeeP
The little warbler could do nothing but
sing, and TO provide him with an all night
lodging he was taken to the Central Police
Station. His eyes danced as he saw the
brilliantly lighted apartment, aud he let 60
the Patrol Sergeants hand to cautiously In
spect the cells.
"Hullo, sonny! What are we in IurP"
said one Of the prisoners, making deSper-
ate attempt at joke.
The boy looked curiously at the uninpit-
ing face through the iron bars and said,
"Aister, / kin sing"
The burglar drew back abashed. Then
the boy sang Count Milestone Further
On" His voice swelled like birds, and
the big reserves who were waiting for the
Magistrate were paralyzed. To the aston
ishment of everybody the prisoners Joined
in the chorus, and burglar supplied the
harmony with his deep basso. Then the
boy sang other hymns, and at last ran and
gave the prisoners a drink of water at their
request As the prisoners walked TO face
the Magistrate he went to sleep like tired
Wanderer.
The morning call., 1892-01-03

The best peaches that we get in Paris
cOpIe from Montreuil, village within few
miles Of the capital. Going TO M0ntreuil
The country is seen covered with crops Of
vegetables and fruit t. the top of the sur
rounding low hills. Then near the village
you see a great number of white walls
eight or ten feet high. inclosing small
squares of land, and these are almost every
one Of them peach orchards. The walls eX-
tend in every direction over many acres,
and in the squares are small fruit trees and
all sorts of garden sass" There are nearly
800 cultiyators having fruit orchards at
Montreuil, and it is not to the climate that
the best of them owe their success. In
some gardens l have seen shabby looking
trees on the walls. but the better gardens
are models of skillful care and training.
The morning call., 1892-01-03

mid. the branches being trained in four OPP
posite wings, mutually supporting each
other by the aid of slender rods of willow.
The palmetto form is also grown, and very
beautiful specimens of it may be seen out
at SceauX a neighb0ThOOd of nurseries,
and where many trees are trained in very
curious ways. One such is pear tree in
which all the point Of the branches have
been united by grating. so that ii looked,
just before Towering, precisely as sketched
by the accompanying figures.
BOuTg-ia- Refine, FOntenay Roses, Vile
d Avray, MaisOns La1fite, NaucressOn, and
other villages and towns around Paris are
celebrated for their fine trees, fruits and
vegetables. In some of these places, in ad-
ditiOD 10 the common forms, there are speci-
mems trained over walls and bowers. | give
a sketch view of espslier pear trees and
lines of apples trained as cOrdOnS, that grow
IN a private garden at Vile d'Avray. little
town where Gambetta died, and which Is
about midway between Versailles and
Paris. / noticed there that several walks
are margined with two instead Of one line
of cordons. the inner line being, perhaps,
about three inches higher than the outer
Oue. Every good variety of apples are
planted on the two lines. and they all do
well.
The gardener also showed me some trees
trained to what is known as the columnar
FORM This IS simply tree trained to a
The morning call., 1892-01-03

protection for the espalier is supported by
iron rods projecting from the top of the
pine posts that are used TO support the
double espalier. On these are fixed thin
frames Of straw, each at least yard wide
They are firmly fixed down TO the wires. so
that IN spring tie trees are placed under
what NAV be called a neatly matched shed
So much for the practical division OF the
NlnCennes school. In the other division
small rattan sticks indicate the lines which
will be occupied by the branches of trees
when fully formed against the walls As
the tree grows the gardener fastens the
limb to a rod. aud it is thus kept in place.
All sorts Of forms are made use Of, some
OF them being very curious. A not uncOm-
mon form Of the useless sort is made to
grow into a goblet or vase shape. One such
l have had pictured. The thing in the
center is a fixed stake; al the top are crossed
sticks for sustaining hoop in position, and
to form il twenty branches are required.
OF course. the 81 .keS, hoops and sticks are
moved when the branches are grown t.
maturity, and it Is useless for practical
purposes.
Tie Gordon system Of fruit-grOwing is not
uncommon In the enYirOuS Of Paris A
GORDON meaIs tree confined 10 a single
stem, which Is furnished with spurs, or
sometimes with little frUitiug branches
nailed 10 IL. Il is erroneous TO suppose, as
some GO, that II means any form of branch
The morning call., 1892-01-03


Lifelong experience has made cultlvat ors
familiar with the wants of peach, and this
IS why it is so successfully grown at Mont
Teuil. The walls are whitewashed every
year as a protection against insects, and
black marks are traced on them TO show the
lines which the branches always OF the
brightest and healthieSt green-are to fol
low. In some cases they are quite simple
vertical or horizontal lines, according as
the form to be attained may require; in
other places they form initial letters, -four.
ishes and other ornamental shapes. OF
course the frut-srower prefers simple
forms, but he is also proud of his skill in
overcoming difficulties, aud this pride ac-
counts for the fanciul.
One of these accompanying sketches shows
a spur pruned peach tree in a MOntreuil
garden. The well-made walls all run east
and west, and are placed within about ten
yards Of each other. They thus cOncen-
trate heat. form good shelter and accommo-
The morning call., 1892-01-03

by the city of Paris. 1t is in two divisions.
one TO illustrate the practical or profitable
culture of fruit, the other all the important
modes of growing trees, and the various
forms of walls. Apropos, the walls about
this Vincennes garden are Of felt, nailed on
frames of wood and whted over. This
peculiar form of wall was invented to meet
ire objection Of the military authorities to
having walls Of solid materials in that
neighbOrhoOd
The pears in this garden are either
apples grow on the low horizontal cordons.
Most Of the cOrdons against the walls are
oblique, except on the highest walls,
The morning call., 1892-01-03
Promotions of a Perfect Figure.

The height of "a person with a perfect
figure" should be exactly equal to the dis
lance between the tips of tho middle fingers
of either hand, when the arms are fully ex-
tended.
Ten times the length of the hand, or seven
and half times the length of the foot, or
five times the diameter of the chest, from
one armpit to the other, should also give
the height of the whole body.
The distance from the junction Of the
thighs to the ground should be exactly the
same as from that point TO the crown OF the
head. The knee should be exactly midway
between the frst-named point and the
ground at the heel.
The distance from the elbow to the tip Of
the middle finger should be the same as
from the elbow to the middle line OF the
breast.
From the top of the head to the level OF
the chin should be the came as from the
level of the chin to that of the armpits, and
from the heel to the toe.
The morning call., 1892-01-03

OF these promising eyes to obtain a new set
OF branches, and each succeeding year add
another series until the tree is formed. The
second, third and fourth stages of this prun-
ing are well shown in the Illustration. and a
fifth finishes the work In the earlier stages
the branches are allowed to grow almost
erect, to be afterward gradually lowered to
a horizontal position, and then bent to grow
upward.
Pvramidcal training Of pear trees is from
the standpoint of beauty as desirable as any
The morning call., 1892-01-03

br anches. These trees are protected from
frost during the Towering season by straw
mats, temporarily fixed on tho top Of the
wall Having vertical shoots, they were
quickly and easily formed, and took only
about six years 70 cover the wall, which
faces west, and is about thirteen feet high.
Each tree produces from 120 to 100 pears
when in fuIl bearing.
This season / saw a great many walls
beautifully covered with pear and peach
trees, not 10 mention grape vines. Usually
peach trees are trained in a vertical manner,
and are protected in the spring with deep
cOpings.
Another remarkable feature of French
fruit culture is the hOTiZonal Gordon apple
trees, both IN single and superimpOsed lines
of two or three stages, all on galvanized
wire. The trees are on the Paradise stock,
and nearly always confined TO a single
stem. In the Versailles garden one border
devoted to cordons is 1000 feet long, and
The morning call., 1892-01-03

where they are vertical. There are, per-
haps 5000 trees thus planted in this small
orchard, and much precautiOn is taken 10
protect them from wet and frost. All
around the walls iron brackets project
from beneath the permanent wooden coping
to receive wide copings made of felt nailed
on high wooden framework, in lengths Of
six feet and two feet wide, about. These
are slipped in under the short permanent
coping and rest on the bracket, the hooked
points Of which hold them in position. The
The morning call., 1892-01-03

One Of the finest fruit gardens on any
private domain in France is at Ferrieres, the
country seat OF Baron Alphonse de Roths-
child. There are some finely formed espa-
lieT trees in it, trellses are numerous, and
not a single square foot of the whole sur
face of trellis is without the portion of
branch which the head gardener intended it
to carry. The form mostly employed is the
palmetto, though the garden contains hun
dreds of pyramidal pear trees, and simple
cordons are also employed. On the English
made terrace that fronts the chateau Of La
FerTieres, NJ. Jules Favre met Count Won
The morning call., 1892-01-03

ion that these trellises are cheaper and more
ornamental than any other sort he has yet
succeeded in making. He told me that the
pear succeeds badly hereabouts a. low
Gordon, and that 10 plant it as an oblique
Gordon at fifteen or twenty inches apart is
much too close. The accompanying sketch
OF a white wall fourteen feet high, covered
with Easter Buerre pears. shows an excel
lent example Of the best method Of grow
ings this year.
Growers insist that dark walls Iniure
limbs and leaves. while limewashed ones
are Of great benefit, not only for pears. but
also for grapes and peaches. The sketch
given # wall Of peach trees growing in
Maisoas LATTE shows them when In bios
som and before the young shoots began TO
cover the surface between the erect
The morning call., 1892-01-03

them are pinched at from six to ten inches,
and the lateral branches that spring from
these are of course pinched also. while
weak shortish branches are allowed to grow
to their full extension.
The graceful u form is easy to establish,
and it is recommended to those amateurs
who have but little space to devote to peach
growing. Trees planted in this way afford
The morning call., 1892-01-03

These are intended to form the two main
branches, which arc efterward to be trained
IN the u shape. Their ends are turned di-
rectly upward. care being taken that the
extremities are perfectly free, so that their
development may not be interfered with.
The soace is about yard to each tree,
which gives an interval of eighteen inches
betN cen the principal branches; but where
The morning call., 1892-01-03


directly toward the top Of the trellis. 1t is
quite frequently used now, and there is
SUCH a tre.lis in a garden that was mine
this summer a. YauCTessOu. I have cut OF
pears that we're as large and rs delicious as
any Of those from California, and which
would have sold readily for 10, y or 10
cents apiece, though usually fruit IS sold by
weight IN this country.
In few places in France is the espaiieT
system so extensively and 50 well carried
out as in the enyIIous of Paris, and l an
assured that the form described is much
better than the Gordon, or single branch,
tree, because more free and natural deyel-
opment is allowed 10 the limbs, while, at
the same tine, a considerable variety OF
fruit may be obtained from a small space OF
land.
1t is usual to place such tTellis at from
three 10 six feet from tie edge Of the walk,
and if inside this space a line Of the cord0ns
is put. the effect and result are excellent.
1he head gardener az Versailles Is u opIn-
The morning call., 1892-01-03

the soil is less favorable it is usual to pant
trees two yards apart and train them in The
form of a double u. This form is the most
easy to train, is graceful to the view and is
more prolific than are the oblique cOrdons.
There is one thing have learned the past
summer, and that is that nearly every Ordi-
nary garden laborer in France knows little
The morning call., 1892-01-03
LIFE.

Life is a dreami Yes. tits dream,
That has its various turns;
One moment all is bright and gay,
AnOther-all heart-burns
One day bright smile on the face,
Another sadness in its place.
Can no one keep the brightness there,
Aud so great pain to many spare?
ceWber 2, 1891 L. G. II.