davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record-union., 1892-04-15

was married to Professor Sainie in 1890,
and has one child. She appeared to live
happily with her husband until she fell
in love with student of the college. The
result was that she murdered her hus-
band in order to enjoy without restric-
ton the company of the student. An in
vestigation showed she had been en-
gagged in questionable money transac-
tons, and had forged her husbands
name: She was found guilty and sem
fenced to be beheaded. Her body is to be
atterward burned.
CONFESSED THE CRIME.
ST. PETERSBURG, April llama
Salnie, who was condemned to death for
numbering her husband at Tavastehuus,
Finland, has confessed. She SAYS she
bought strychnine capsule, and when
her husband asked for quinine, enticed
by the devil, she lost her self-control and
gave him the strychnine capsule in
glass OF water. She kissed him and went
to her bedroom, putting pillows over her
head in order not to hear his screams
when dying. She said she was never I'M
faithful, but in debt, and wanted her hus-
bands life insurance, amounting to s., 500.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
Physique of Different Glasses.

The question of the relative physique in
| different classes of the community has lately
come up for discussion. Although it might
| appear that the class to which belong the
pitmen of coal districts. and the sailors
and fishermen of our sea borders, would be
that boasting the highest physical aver
age, statistics prove the reverse; for against
the undoubtedly fine physique of the upper
ranks OF the industrial class has to be set
an enormous drawback furnished by the
lower ranks, among whom are found the
victims of over-crowding, over-working and
under-feeding. This discounts the strength
furnished by what may be called the aris-
toceacv of labor. 1t has been proved that
there is definite relation between physical
well-being and elbow-room, and the figures
furnished by this relation are dead against
the belief that life of unbroken toll con-
tributes to the best physical development.
A distinct improvement of physique has
taken place among the we'll. to-do
classes of this country, especially
among women, during the last few years,
and this is undoubtedly owing to improved
conditions of hygiene and exercise. One
of the features of the English metropolis is
the number of immensely tall women that
are seen in the parks where the leisure class
most do congregate, and this increase in
physical development is attributed to the
athleticism that has markedly prevailed in
the Last few decades In England, where
the line between the leisure and the in
dustrial class is more defined than in this
country, the life expectation figures for the
two classes confirm this view. Eighteen
per cent of the upper classes die before the
fifth birthday, while no less than 55 per
cent of the industrial classes die before they
Al r. O
per cent Of the upper class die during the
first year, as against 80 per cent among the
infants of the laboring class. Finally,
army statistics prove that the class from
which recruits are drawn is in physique far
below the average of the young men of the
upper ranks who present themselves for
entrance to the military training colleges.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
DURING SEVERE STORMS,
some Points of Danger Which Should Be
Avoided Whenever Possible.

Some Points of Danger Which Should Be
Avoided Whenever Possible.
Spare Moments.l
If out of doors, trees should be avoided,
and if from the rapidity with which the
explosion follows the flash, it should be evil
dent that the electric clouds are near at
hand, recumbent posture on the ground is
the most secure. 1t is seldom dangerous to
take shelter under sheds, carts or low build
ings, or under the arch of bridge The
distance of 20 or 80 feet from tall trees or
houses is rather an eligible situation; for,
should discharge take place, these ele-
waited bodies are likely to receive it, and
less prominent bodies in the neighborhood
are those likely to escape.
1t is right also to avoid water, for it is
good conductor, and the height of human
being near the stream is not unlikely to
determine the direction of discharge
Within doors we are tolerably safe in the
middle of carpeted room, or when stand
ing on a double tearthrug The chimney
should be avoided, on account OF the con-
Quoting power of the carbon deposited in it;
on the same principle gilt holdings, bell
wires, ETC., are in danger OF being struck.
In bed we are tolerably safe, blankets and
feathers are bad conductors, and we are
consequently, to certain extent, insulated.
1t is injudicious to take refuge in cellar,
because the discharge is often from the
earth to a cloud, and buildings frequently
sustain the greatest injury in their base
ment storIes
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
SCIENTIFIC SCHEMES
That Aptly illustrate the Progress
Made in This Rapid Age.
SAILORS SIGHT TO BE TESTED
Before They Can Be Qualified as Able Sea.
men or fficers..
DELICATE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
WRITTEN FOR THE DISPATCH. /,

WRITTEN FOR THE DIsPATCH.1
Dr. T H. Bickerton has taken up the
question in England of seeking to induce
legislative work to test the sight of sailors
before they can be qualified as able seamen.
DR. Bickerton regards it as beyond ques-
tion that many shipping disasters have been
caused from the absence of such restric-
lions as these, and he urges all who inter-
est themselves in the subject to abate none
of their endeavors to promote agitation,
although before any steps are likely to be
taken by the authorities many more valua-
BILE lives will probably be lost He says
there are none so difficult to convince
as those who will not believe, and the
men who have had the forming of
the rules of the road at sea are the very
men who hitherto have turned from all sug-
gestions on the eyesight question with con-
tempt Meanwhile Dr. Bickerton presses
on the attention of the public the following
facts: That 4 per cent of the whole male
population are color blind; that about 8 per
cent more have marked impairment of sight
from retroactive errors; that there is no suffi-
cient official test as to the eyesight of sail
ors; that man may be subject to any of the
forms of eye diseases, and may have any de-
gree of blindness, or may be SO shortsighted
as to be unable to see distinctly more than a
few inches in front of his nose, and yet be
at perfect liberty to become a sailor. AL
though there is a compulsory examination
to be passed before sailor can become an
officer, it is in many cases most inefficient
one, and reform in this direction is urgently
needed.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
FLIES AS CHOLERA BEARERS

Recent Experiments Have Proven That
They Often Garry the Disease.
The evidence against flies as the propa-
gators of disease is accumulating to q most
disturbing extent (writes the London cor
respondent of the Manchester Gadrdi7n).
Before the days of bacteriology no con-
elusive facts could be brought forward
directly incriminating them as the carriers
OF infection; but just the opposite is now
the case, and numerous unequivocal results
have been arrived at showing the impor-
tant part which these insects play in this
connection. The most recent charge which
has been formulated against them is that
which was laid before the Hamburg Medical
Society with respect to the conveyance of
cholera infection. Nine flies were captured
which had been in contact with infected
cholera material, and were placed in TASKS
containing nutrient gelatiAe. In six OF the
nine vessels numerous c1lonies OF comma
bacilli were successfully cultivated-of
course, from the infection conveyed by the
flies.
The possibility, therefore, Of falling
victim to cholera IN this way, even after
every precaution had been taken, is by no
means pleasant to contemplate.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
done, that . substantial meal should be
taken.
Trying to Capture the Tides.

1rylng 10 capture INC Aiues'
Among the affiliations of natural forces,
the idea of turning to account the power
of the tides has always had a certain fasci-
nation for many inventors One OF the
latest devices embodying this idea is
motor constructed for operating the water
supply of property on the shore of ST.
Lawrence, N. Y. The water was raised
through pipe of IL inches diameter, and
of 200 feet length, to height of 40 feet
The apparatus consisted simply of trough
of the shape of very open V, and of feet
length and inches height. This trough is
suspended by three arms of 35 inches
length to a horizontal shaft pivoted at its
two extremities on two supports fixed at
the bottom OF the sea- A horizontal arm
articulated on the middle arm operates the
pump. The smallest waves are sufficient to
actuate the apparatus with surprising
force. The motor thus simply constructed
cost at the outside not more than one
fourth what q windmill would have cost,
and does superior and certainly more regu-
lar work. To obtain more power 1t is desir-
able to enlarge the size of the panel rather
than increase the height of the immersed
part; this has led to the employment of
several independent panels, SO that the
waves of contrary direction may not strike
the panel at the same moment, and thus
diminish the efficiency of the apparatus.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20

thing. But it is merely sigh, nothing more,
for our rear admirals are quick to per-
ceive the advantage the possession of a
magnificent new navy gives us, and its su-
periority in many respects to that of other
nations. They never tire of telling each
other of the newest and latest devices in
marine gunnery, and in the many inven-
tions that have crowded close upon each
others heels during the last decade, and
which have combined to give our vessels a
swif.ness and adaptability for defense, such
as those of few powers possess.
The old navy is gone, but its glories re-
main to us as a splendid heritage. Looking
in upon the little brotherly band in their
snuggery at Washington, and listening to
their tales, we recognize in that gallant CO.
terie the last of the race of national heroes
that is passing away. The new era in naval
warfare has come, and with it a new race of
men for the emergencies of the future. Let
us cherish, then, the old seadogs while they
are still with us, and when they, too, pass
away, their memories will be enshrined in
the heart of a loving and grateful nation,
that forgets not those who have served it
we'll and nobly in the days of its greatest
peril, when hardy frames, strong, unswerv-
ing devotion to duty and personal valor
counted for much in the struggle.
EBEN CLAYTON. ?
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
The Love of Languages,

Some interesting statistics have been COM
piled by Frenchman respecting the differ
ent languages spoken in various parts of
the world He states that the language in
which Shakespeare and Milton wrote was
then that of less than 5000, 900 human be-
ings. French was the mother tongue of at
least 80, 100000 people at time when En-
and $4,000. 900 of French speaking people
in 1889. Between 40 and so years the En-
number of those who spoke it, and now the
latter is left far behind. German is
now spoken by 100000 persons
in the Austro- Hungarian Empire, by
46,0O0,00 in the German Empire,
by 10000 in Belgium, and by about
1000, 600 in Switzerland. German is also
spoken by about 100000 persons in the
United States and Canada. giving total of
about 60, 900, 900 who use the German Ian
guage. French is spoken by the 38, 900, 900
inhabitants of France, by 2, 500, 900 people
in Belgium. by 200, 900 in Alsace- Lorraine,
by 600, 900 in Switzerland, by l, 900, 900 in
the United States and Canada, by 600, 900 in
Haiti, and by 1,500, 900 in Algiers, India,
the West Indies and Africa; in all about
A, ,0O0,00 English is spoken by 81, ,0OO, 900
persons in the British Isles, by probably
81, 900. 900 of the 6O,0O0,0OO inhabitants Of
the United States. by 1000, 900 persons in
Canada, bv 5000, 600 in Australia, BY 8, 3,70O,-
900 West Indians, and by 1000, 900 in India
and other British colonies, bringing the
total of the Engllsh-speaking race to over
100, 900, 900.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
HOW GOLD WAS FOUND.


One Man Struck 1t Rich While Digging a
Comrades Grave.
Philadelphia Press.I
Gold was discovered in California in 1S48
and In Colorado in 1853 The discovery was
accidental in both cases, and the fact created
the impression that mines were '1ying
around loose" Adventures drifted about
in hope of stumbling upon mine" Mr.
Thayer, in his "Marvels of the New West, !"
mentions several instances of lucky "stum-
bling" Three men, while looking for gold
in California, discovered the dead body of q
man who evidently had been prospecting. !"
"Poor fellow" said one of the trio. "He has
passed in his checksp' 'Let's give him a
decent burial" said another. ''Some wife
or mother will be glad if ever she knows it "
They began to dig grave. Three feet below
the surface they discovered signs of gold.
The stranger was buried in another place,
and where they had located grave they
opened gold mine.
An adventurer who had drifted into
Leadville awoke one morning without food
or money. He went out and shot deer,
which, in its dying agonies, kicked up the
dirt and disclosed signs of gold. The poor
man staked out "claim, and opened one
of the most profitable mines ever worked in
LeadyiIle "Dead Man Claim" the name
given to another rich mine in Leadville,
was discovered by broken down miner
while digging grave.
A miner died when there were several
feet of snow on the ground. His comrades
laid his body in snowbank and hired
man for $40 to dig grave The gravedig--
ger, after three days absence, was found
digging mine instead of q grave. While
excavating he had struck gold. Forgetting
the corpse and his bargain he thought only
of the fact that he had "struck it rich."
But these ''stumblings" are exceptions to
the rule that mines are found by painstak-
ing, intelligent prospectors. They spend
wearisome months in exploring mountains
and gulches. They are mineralogists, .geolo-
gists, and. above all, practical explorers,
who can tell from "twist" in the grain of
the rock or from. the color of aspar seam
whether "paying gold" can be mined in
the repiou,
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20

Admiral % years ago. Upshur also began
his career in the same humble fashion in
1S41, and only retired, in 1885. Febiger
(another Buckeye) took all the honors of
naval position from "middy" to Rear
Admiral between his start in 1888
and his retirement ten years since. jenkins
began in the same humble capacity
four years earlier than Febiger, and rested
upon his we'll won honors in 1873 Franklin
entered in 1S41, and retired five years ago
with similar honors. The careers OF Stevens,
who entered in (1S42-1SS1) Roe (1S41-1SS5),
Lee (1825-1S70), and Worden (1S29-1SS6),
are, to a very great extent, similar to those
already outlined, each having worked his
way up to the top through years of faithful
duty, amid the smoke of battle and the
stress of storm. The record of their lives
demonstrates at every step the grit OF
American manhood, from youth to old age.
Yet, although no longer able to pace the
quarterback with the firm tread of old,
these hale sea-dogs would, at the first note
of danger, be quick to respond to the call
of duty, should it ever again become neces-
sary for them to risk their lives for their
beloved country.
The Feeling at the Club.
But however stern he may be as a disci-
plinarian afoat, when he is ashore the sailor
has the feeling that life is for the time be-
ing a sort of holiday. And no matter how
long his stay off duty may be, this idea
never leaves him. Such is the feeling, to
some extent at least, that pervades the
gatherings at the Metropolitan Club, and
with each recurring dinner and the story
telling that follows with the wine and the
cigars, the retired heroes unbend, and as
the cookies of their genial old hearts warm
to each other and to the topic of the mo-
ment, they grow more and more enthusias-
tic over their bygone experiences. The
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20

battles in our own and foreign waters are
recalled, and their exploits amid shell and
food are fought over again. with a vigor
and dash in the narration that wonld have
made the fortune of Haroun-al- Raschid's
story teller-with this difference that theirs
are not fiction but veritable history. How
Farragut's feet stormed the batteries along
the Mississippi, from New Orleans to Port
Hudson; how the Albatross was fastened to
the Hartford, the Genesee to the Richmond
and the Kineo to he Monongahela, while
the big side-wheeler Mississippi was too
clumsy to be lashed; how Mobile Bav
was fought; how naval warfare was
turned upside down when the Monitor sent
tie Merrimac back from Hampton Roads to
Norfolk, with water gushing through all her
seams, these and many like "reminiscences
Fhile away the afternoon. They recall also
the incident in the career of Worden, when,
Rs captain of the ironclad monitor Montauk,
he sunk the Nashville, which had carried q
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20

ter in the matter of ''style." The conse
quence is that their hats are always just q
few weeks to the rear, just as when field
officer and q subaltern are walking together,
the junior will always remain few steps to
the rear of mis- superior.
White hats are regarded, both in this
country and the Old World, as symbolical
of democracy and of liberal ideas, as op-
posed to those of a conservative nature. L
am at loss to find q reason for this unless
1t be that in the days of ancient Rome,
when candidate for Office appealed to the
electors as an advocate of reform measures
he was wont to whiten his toga with chalk
as an indication of the purity of his motives.
Candidus is the Latin word for white, and
presume that it is from this fashion of
whitening the togas that we derive the
word candidate" must leave it to nv
readers, however, to decide as to whether
white hat can still be considered as ind1ca-
tive OF the political purity of its uearer.
Sure Sign Of Celebrity.
Whenever one sees an elderly man wear
ing peculiarly old and shabby hat of an
tiquated form one may safely take it for
granted that he is celebrity of
some kind or another, and q distin-
guished parsonage. All the famous
men whom have encountered during the
course Of my wanderings in various parts of
the world have invariably worn hats that
were absolutely shocking. And get in one
way these ancient titles" seemed to CON-
mand my reverence and respect, for L
could not help remembering that after all
they constituted the canopy of brains that
had made their mark in the history of
mankind. The hat of Carlyle, for instance,
was beyond description. So was that of
Tennyson, while Lord Salisbury's is such
that its battered and disreputable appear
ance on one memorable occasion led the
ignorant and short-sighted doorkeepers at
Monte Carlo to refuse him admittance to
the public gambling rooms. Gladstone's
"tile" is little better, while that which old
Emperor William of Germany was wont to
wear during his annual sojourn at Ems and
Gastein was even worse.
The three principal forms of hat now in
vogue are the high hat, alias ftile," or
"stove-pipe," tue so-called wideawake, and
the pot hat or Derby. The origin of the
latter dates back to NEUROLOGICAL times; for
the statues of Mercury invariably portray
that deity-whose lack of moral principles
savors so greatly of nineteenth century
or spot hat" embellished with couple of
wings The wideawake or soft felt hat
comes to US from Italy where it was first
used. 1t subsequently, found its way to
this continent and to-day is regarded in
Europe as the peculiarly American form of
headgear. The high hat or stovepipe origi-
mated with the Puritans, and must be regard
ed as in keeping with the stiff and starched
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20

fighting under the flag. They in turn are
closely pressed by Francis A. Roe, with "a
years of active service. Not far behind
these gay old sea dogs comes bronze-faced
Rear Admiral Thomas H. Stevens, with
1Sk years; Rear Admiral Thornton A.
Jenkins, with IL years, and Samuel Phillips
Lee, with 19 years to their credit A fine
bunch of records, truly, and one of which
the nation is not forgetfuL
Varied Service of the Group.
Probably no navy in the world, other
than our owa, has ever produced group of
men who have seen more varied service in
their time. Almost all haYe mounted from
the very lowest round of the ladder to the
highest. Hughes was appointed from New
York as ''middy" away back In 1888; was
made a Master in 1852, Lieutenant in
1858, and won his decoration as Commander
during the trying days of November, 1862.
In 1869 he was gazetted Captain, Com
modore in 1875, and was raised to the rank
of Rear Admiral ten years ago. Wake
was an Ohio boy, and. like other Buckeye
lads, proved to be made of the right ma
terial. He. too, entered the service as a
"mlddy" in 1877, and rose through the
successive grades, reaching the post of Rear
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
An Entertaining COMPANY,

Almost all without exception are enter
tanning raconteurs, and whether the incl
dent under discussion be of matters that
have happened at home or abroad, in time
of war or peace it never fails to find re-
sponsive audience. Rear Admiral Worden,
who, after 81 years of active service afioat,
and as many years on shore duty, was re-
tired with brilliant honors and the highest
pay of his grade, has told many a stirring
chapter of his life across the table to such
listeners as Rear Admiral Harry Wake,
whose stretch of IS years active service and
II ashore, places him also very high on the
retired list, and who frequently comes from
his home in Brooklyn to join the reunions.
Another Rear Admiral, Aaron K Hughes,
who, like Worden, lives IN Washington,
and vino can point to 10 years
spent on ships deck, is seldom ab-
sent from these gatherings. Still another,
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-20
Delicacy of Measuring instruments.

The adjustment of measuring instruments
has been brought to point of such ac-
curacy as to give almost incredible results
Scales are now made that will weigh the
fame of candle, or the smallest strand of
hair plucked from the eyebrow. These scales
are triumphs OF mechanism and are inclosed
in glass cases, as the slightest breath of air
would impair their records. The glass
cases have sliding door, and as soon as
the weight is placed in the balances the
door slides down. The balances are cleared
again and made ready for further use BY
the pressing of button, which slightly
raises the beams Two pieces of paper of
equal weight can be placed in the scales,
and an autograph written in pencil on
either piece will cause the other side to
ascend, and the needle, which indicates the
deyisions of weight even 10 the tenth
millionth part of pound and less, will
move from its perpendicular. A signature
containing nine letters has been weighed
and proved to be exactly two milligrammes,
or the fifteen thousand five hundredth part
Of an ounce troy.