davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21

know W Y little about Skeilv, except
that he is a very clever Williamsburg anna
teur. But l have always argued that al
amateur. no matter how good in his class,
is never the equal Of Il professional. The
latter has had an experience with profess
SIGNALS, knows q thing or two about the
professional ring, and in that he is always
the superior Of the A st class amateur. So,
while Skelly 10 a good nun and clever
enough, he has vet to get u good bit OF pto-
fessional experience before he cnn be ex-
pected to best Dixon. That man is big
boned, muscular, sinewy. nervy, "caRey;'
his eye, his head and his hands work to-
gethor all the time. His body blows are
~terrors, and l must say that skelly. fine as
he looks, will have a hard time OF IL against
the clever Boston boy. But Skelly is in the
hands of Jimmy Carroll. the man who
trained Fitzsimmons for his fight with
Maher and had u good deal to do with that
fighters Success. Carroll 10 a prize tighter
ali through and will give Sicily the best of
~training. On that fact alone Skelly's
friends must lay their hope.
MIKE Donovan.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
OF BLACKS.
Astounding Figures as to this Treat
ment Of the Southern COL
ored Population.
r, Thomas Fortune Tells Why
They Submit to the Ill
Treatment.
Frederick Douglass Insists q Justice
for the Negro Should BE Made the
Campaign Issue.

TROM tho aubversion Of the reconstrus-
Hg) ton governments. in 1876. down 10
x1 tho present timo the perpetual tier
alton md plea of southern statesmen and
editors have been:-"Hands off! This ia
our fight! We must have home rule!" and
the like, and the nation has accepted the
south. while ths other half has remained
silent or been unheeded when it found a
Z voice. Over the protests of some Of the
wisest and best of our statesmen the black
south was turned over to the tender msrcies
Of the white south. The governments of
the southern states passed out Of the hands
OF those who had fought to save the Union
into the hands of those who had fought TO
destroy it. The war amendments were a.
efectually negatived as iftthey were not in
destructible parts Of the organic Law
The revolution was sweeping and conn
plste. Ihe stone the builders had rejected,
as the logic Of a fearful war, again became
the head of the corner. The north hoped,
and was inclined to believe, that the white
south had learned wisdom and humanity in
the terrible school of experience through
which it had passed from Sumter to Apo
mattox, and from Appomattox to the cleo
toral commission
How has the nations trust been treatedf
What have been the fruits of "homs rule"
and white supremacy?" We have had
sixteen years of these and it ought to be
en- easy matter to reach an estimate Of the
result.
When the reconstruction governments
had been subverted, when home rule" and
white supremacy" were firmly seated in
the high places of power with the consen'
of the whole nation, did the old maste.
class forget the past and turn its face to
the light of the new morning, or did It still
banker after "the flesh pots of Egypt" On
the contrary, it was found necessary TO the
continued ascendancy of the white south,
which the late Henry w. Grady derisively
dubbed THE New South" to crush the
spirit, the manhood. of the e%nfranchised
blacks. When it was discovered that this
could not be o by legal forms the ma
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21

evsry tins. He 10 clever, too--in my opin-
ion the cleversst man in the ring to-day. H0
ID sound ~ = dollar; every limb and every
part ID perfect. and sept. Z will see bin
ter ever met.
The Mysr-MoAulif fight Ia q difficult one
10 forecast. Ii Mysr has improved. and !
understand no has, McAuliffe will haya q
hnrd battle. But they are both plucky,
nervy fellows. McAulitfs has the adyan-
ing a tactician will improve by that experi-
encs. Mysr 10 not 10 much OF a general as
MoAuliffs, and IL ia doubtful II he will
profit much by his last OK perience with him.
Myer fights peculiarly. His position is any
thing but correct, and yet he manages TO do
fights MS u criterion-I refer particularly 10
thu draw At Judson, Ind ehon!d say that
NcAuliffe would stand a good show of win
ming II he cuts the pace at the outset and
goes in to finish rapidly. In that fight at
Judson Myer proved himself cQOl-headed.
him shortly after that fight, n l askei
him why he didn't &c in to win.
"Mhy," said the Cyclone" 'those peo-
pie down in Streator had mortRaged their
houses and their farms to back me, and ]
wasn't going to run any chances"
Another strong point Abont Meyer is that
he is not affected by the ~jeering or cheering
Of a crowd. lie will hold Oh if he secs it e
his advantage, no matter II the house IL
Kissing itself hoarse.
McAulife, on tho other hand, responds
quickly to the calls Of a crowd and make'
brilliant rallies. ] am of the opinion that
1t will be . splendid hight, a fight in which
there will be lots Of science and skill OK
hibitsd and plenty Of muscle.
As to the last fight, that between Dixor
and Skelly the odds are of course strongly
in favor Of the little colored wonder. Dixor
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21

III W. ne "okA1 " ALA :
moth. FIG. Z. fall web worm; q. larva; b.,
moth. ii.
tudes, but in August and even later in more
nothern states. appears in vast numbers
and we'll deserves mention in this series of
articles.
This worm is the larva Of a moth of the
family octuidB and ia known az lsuca-
MIA unipnncta. The larva OF caterpillar
erows to a length of an inch and . half and
is striped with brown and blackish mark
ings az shown in figure 6, a. The moth
(figure G, b. ia of = dark brown color and
has a small white spot in the center OF
each front wing from which it derives its
scientific name. It Is unnotictd during
some years. but in years of its abundance
whole tracts of grass land and small grain
are overrun BY the worms which move in
vast armies from one field to another.
The eggs are concealed at the base of the
leaf-sheaths or between the folded leaves of
grass or corn, and while there are several
generations in the course of a season IN
southern ATTITUDES, only u of them il de-
structive. The insect hibernstes princi-
pally in the moth condition in northern re-
Rions, but in the more southern states it is
also found during the whole winter in the
half-RrOwn larva condition.
The marching hosts may be headed of by
ditches and destroyed BY sprin1AinQ strips
of grass or grain in advance of the army
with Paris green water.
This species prefers low moist hills, and is
apt to multiply unduly during very dry sea-
IONS when low. marshy grounds dry out.
When such dry years are followed BY wet
springs. the parent moths are obliged to re-
sort to the higher cultivated fields for
oviposition, and from thls'fact army worm
years are very apt to be coincidsnt with wet
springs and previous drought.
The second generation of the fall web
worm, h%yphantria Guinea, ia now beginning
to make Its appearance in the more south
srn cities, such as Washington and Balti-
more. This insect. although singls-brood-
ed in the extreme northern states, has two
generations in those localities. the first
making its appearance the latter art of
May and the second early in August. 1t is
one of the most injurious of our shade
webs uron branches, gradually defolia-
ting entire trees. It resembles somewhat
in its habits the regular tent caterpillar of
the orchard, familiar TO every person who
has an apple tree in his garden. The oat-
e%rpillar il shown at Fig. Ia and the moth
at Fig. 7-b. In 1886 nearly all the shade
trees Of certain species and particularly the
box elders, poplars, oottopwoods and ashes
lost their foliage in Warrington through
the work of his insect.
In spite of it's dest u~otiveness this insect
il 4 verv easy one 10 kill. If the first webs
noticed are burned by means of a torch
land the best time to burn them is at dusk
the insect will not increase iniuriously. 1t
may also be checked by spraying the trees
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
with Paris green or London purple in the

with Paris green or London purple in the
proportion Of one pound of the robson to
$50 gallons of water. The last Larvae in the
fall spin their cocoons under leaves and
other rubbish at the base of tho tees, under
the bark and upon neiRhboring fences.
Few insects are so extensively parasatized
40 tho fall web worm and it is also attacked
by two fungus diseases. 80 that frequently
great numbers are killed off without appar-
snt cause except TO the careful observer.
Like the army worm, this insect is the lar
vac of the noctuid moth (heliothis armigera
very general feeder, being identical with
the tomato fruit worm and tho cotton boil
worm. In the north its principal
damage Is done TO corn. The eggs
of the moth are laid pom the
corn silk and the young larv@
Matching work their way down into tho
ear aud feed upon the ripehing grain.
There are several generations. but the in
sect in the north h!bernates in the pupa
state underg ound, where, before trans
forming, the caterpillar forms an oval cell
lined with Ilutinous substance. The best
remedy where the worms cannot readily be
killed by hand. as in a small garden, is to
plough thu fields late in the fall. 1t has
been ascertained that this late fall plough.
ing breaks up the pupa cells of the corn
ear worm, and that soon after the coll
10 b. oxen the contained pupA dies.
In tho south. whore the same insect fire.
quently does enormous damage to the bolla
Of the cotton plant. tho problem of fighting
il becomes q very serious matter. The best
plan 10 to plant . few ows Of early corn to
attract the frat generations Of the worm.
After the eags have all been deposited ths
porn 10 cut and fed to stock. just ~ with
other injurious insects which have several
generations in ths course OF . season. the
dest uction of n few individuals Of the
ssrly generations in this way means the
saving of damage from infinitely greater
numbsrs later In the season.
For many years this insect was suppose q
10 be- peculiarly free from The attacks OF
other insects, but Of late years several par
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
Two WAya Of Putting 1t.

"In bis acting.' said the Boston dramatic
critic. II discovered with a single. and, as
il were, casual glance, that there wore lack
ing most apparently the first requisites neo-
essary for the achievement of his ambition
and who shall say it 10 not q noble one!--
to keeoms . high and exalted luminary of
the Thespian art. And 80. in my critique.
is became incumbent upon me, as q true s1-
ponent of my convictions, to launoh upon
him my severest and harahsst disapproba-
ton, which l did with no covert attempt
to disguise in the most infinitesimal degree
my dissatisfaction with his Interpretation
of the dramutists."
yes" observed the Chicago dramatic
critic, II ripped him up the back myself!'
-Boston News.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
Luck In Horsesh0es.

The popular idea about the horseshoe for
luck is rather in the asosndancy just now,
says the New York Morning Journal.
Walking in the country you will see many
maids cycling the roads wistfully, in the
hope that they will DO lucky enough to find
a horseshoe. II found the shoe Is gilded
ana hung with bright ribbons over the
drawing room door. Just about tho time the
f~svorite swain ia expected. II is noticeable
in scarf pins and other articles. that the
horseshoe Is set with points down. This
should never be done; it should DO huns
with the points up to keep tho luck from
running out" az 1t would be apt to do II
otherwise hung.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21

nearly, all are characterized by an sx-
tended sword. or soimeter shaped oviposi-
TOR with which they lay their eggs either
in tho bark OF tress. tho pith of plants or
attached in y double overlapping row. ~
shown At Fig. 3. so the edges Of leaves or
along small twiRs. or ths true katykids,
tho angular winged species (microcsntrus
retinsrvis). Fig. I. lays Its eggs In this wise.
The broad winged species (platyphyllum
concavum) thrusss its sggs in the soft bark
Of various tssss, while the narrow-winRsd
epsoiss (DhaneroptsrA curvioauds) thrusts
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
bett will do battle with John L. Sullivan.

Corbett will 90 into the ring weighing about
1872 pounds and Sullivan's hackers say he
will tip the scales at 210. This l doubt, and
for a total Of $4,000 is certainly unpar-
alleled in tistic history. and I doubt if in
this century We will ever again see 30 large
an amount at stake.
admire the arrangements for the great
fights, a. no stone has been left unturned
TO make certain of tho contests, and the
guarantees posted are an assurance to the
public Of the squareness which inspires all
the doings Of the Olympic CLUB. The
fights will take place in the magnificent
new club house, in which the arena is ar
ranged to comfortably seat ten or twelve
Thousand people.
In my opinion all tho fights will be first
class, and Sullivan's friends will find that
Corbett is an all round fighter. a fighter
with nerve and muscle to back 1t, and with
uuicknsss, skill and science to aid him. Sui.
Ivan Ia training down from 245 pounds to
2l0, and all this he in doing III two
months time. Now, in my Judgment,
it 10 unreasonable to suppose that a man
can get off thirty-fivs pounds in that time
and retain his great strength. particu-
iarly as the bulk of this superfiuous
flesh ia about ths abdomen. Personally. |
think that Sullivan will scale nearer 225
than 30 when he goes into tho ring. In
my care l have gone through the experi-
| ence Of entertaining. of reducing too low.
and. az Il result, l was invariably weakened.
Tho system won't stand it. Then, too,
sudden reductions in flesh are bound to
develop any inherent weaknessea in the
system, and this is one thing Sullivan will
have to guard against with the utmost pre-.
canton.
/ have seen Corbctt two or three times
| siuoe he vsnt into training. and he 10 AZ tit
TO light AZ wal ever \ man who stood up in
thesring. In fact. he was In condition a
month ago. and when l saw him felt con-
vincsd that he was every inch a champion.
He hits with every pound Of weight in his
body. There il no wasting Of strength at
any ~iuncture in his battle. When he hits
his arm 10 guided BY an excellent judR-
| ment, aud 10 hits with 1872 pounds, or more.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
When st. Louis Was Laid Out.

Whom 81. Louis Was Laid Out.
II met a queer old man yesterday" said
. ST. Louis man. ,-.
"YesY" queried the Chicago man.
HE wa old-very old"
"Whst was his ageY" ~
swell. he must have been a hundred or
no." W As
"Yes?" -s- .s
"He says he was present when st. Louis
was LAID out"
"lndsed! That's nothing. I've got a
neighbor who isn't over 10. aud who says he
was present when st. Louis was laid out.
I've forgotten the date. but it WAS only n
few years ago. He Was y real estate dealer
the, ., and WAS laid out At the same time"
"~OhW-Ohicapo Mail.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
The Nerves Of Generals.

"Grant was entirely destitute of nerves."
said Capt. J.. G. Hswlsy, Of Peoria, ILL.,. to
tho gossiper in the corridor Of the South
ern. II saw a six-inch shell explode within
four feet of him at the siege of Vioksburg.
and he never missed q puff of his cigar or
looked in the least startled. He was stand
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
The Length of Lie Averages Higher.

As far 40 can be calculated. the average
length of life. which 10 computed in the
seventeenth century to have been only
thirteen years. was in the eighteenth in
creased to twenty, and in the nineteenth to
thirty six. Men used to be considered old
when they passed fifty.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21

ing watching the placing of a gun, and
when the shell cracked q dozen mon near
him ran their noses into the ground. A
horse was killed and tho gun ~dismounted,
hut not a man was hurt, and when We
looked mp and saw Grant putting away so
unconoernsdly, we felt shespish enough, !
can tell you. Gen. Custer, as brave a man
40 ever charged a battery, was all nerves.
and Fighting Joe Hooker would start like a
schoolgirl at the swapping Of a tent rope"
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21
Fig. I.

Fro. 6. a, army worm; b, army worm
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1892-08-21

Fro. 8. Eggs Of aneular-winged kstydid.
FIG. 4. The angular winged katydid lay
ing its eggs. Fro. 8. The katykid egg
parasite: ., female from above; b. same.
from side. beginning to roll up; Q. same
completely rolled up-Rreatly enlarged.
The morning call., 1892-05-15
The odd FELLOWS.
The Grand Lodge Of California
Closes It's Business.
Estimated Receipts for the Coming Ysar-Re.
port on the Retention of Aged Members
Of the Order Committees.

At the meeting Of the Grand Lodge Of
Odd Fellows of California held yesterday
the speeial committee appointed to devise
means for providing for the retention of
aged members in the order when their
lodges become defunct made report and
the committee was authorized to prosecute
Inquiries, formulate plans, obtain leglsla-
ton, etc, that such aged members may De
retained.
The estimated receipts for the coming
year were placed at S12.217 80; present bal
ance In the treasury, S674S 70; total, $751;
966 "a. The estimated expenditures were
placed ct S13. 375. A per capita tax OF 80
cents was made, payable by the lodges on
the first of the term commencing July /,
1892. The sum of Sl3,375 was appropriated
for expenses of the coming year.
Hereafter lodges desiring to withdraw
from one district and join another must OBJ
tain the consent OF majority OF the lodges
in the district.
It was deemed inadyisable to divide DIS
trict 80.
The time in which appeals can be taken
has been changed from four to II weeks, 10
give more time to appellants and to perfect
testimony.
1t was decided that it was not imperative
to have an altar in the lodgeroomS, upon
which the Bible should be placed, while at
the same time ii was reiterated that the
Bible, being an integral part OF the oroer,
must be present in the lOdger0om at all
times when said lodge is open for business:
a per capita tax Of 10 cents was ieVled
upon members of Rebekah lodges.
The appointed officers are:
A f. Hitchcock, grand chaplain n. b. Nell
sen. grand marshal; +. L. OYerholtZsr, grand
conductor; f. L. Buck, grand guardian; >. D.
Gordon, grand herald
The standing committees are:
Credentials-C. E. Molloy. G. w. Savage, L. d.
Finance-A. W. Scott. F. W. Armstrong j.
Nickels, E. r. Cooper, +. Cheyaller
COrrespOndence-W. II. Bunden, X. W. VIII
AppeaIs-Davs Louderback. Grove L. John
so1 {. NJ. Harrison, Eugene y. Deuprey, Alex
Petltions-W. 2. shosser, u Harinell, H T.
Penny, c. W. Nuttng. A. p SwantOn.
Laws Of subOTdtnates-C. {. Teriill, l.. l.. Den
merry. George I. Shaw, }. H. Peters A. }, Cleary.
State OF Order-H L. Dorranee, 5, b. Smith,
s. Polack, NJ. T. Moses. c. w. Pomeroy.
LegislaliOn-A. Block, W. W. Lyman, ). A.
Kitcnner, W. a. Bonynge. {, A. Swisler.
Mileace-D Becker, c. Nelli. j. 4. Foster, NJ.
Besse, j. +. SeTsaTi0us.
Prmllng-W b. Lyon, H. +. Condlct, j. J.
Degree OF Rebekah-Joe Marks A. p Morse,
j. A Barr, /. a. Whltehurst Ii. l.. Fredericks.
Past Grand Thomas Sewage. of Eureka
presented a beautiful jewel on behalf of the
Grand Lodge to J. n. Z. Wilson, p. q. NJ.
His remarks were eloquent and appropriate,
and the recipient replied In a similar man
ner. Both addresses were enthusiastically
applauded.
The deputies for the subordinate and Re-
bekah lodges were then appointed.
A brief address was made by Grand
Master Stock well, and prayer WAS offered
by L. L. Alexander, after which the Grand
Lodge adjourned sine die.
The morning call., 1892-05-15
The following is the score:
COAST NOTES.

Napa wants a fruit exchange after the
manner of Santa Clara County.
The Salt Lake Assessor has made a 20 per
cent reduction ~ all assessments
The third-party movement is developing
unexpected strength IN Butte County.
An asparagus canneTy is in fun bias; on
BOuldin Island, San Joaquin County.
San Bernarduo business men have formed
an association to blacklist bad debtors.
HealdsbuTg is to vote next month on a
proposition to build new high school,
1t is officially announced that there will
be an exhibit Of 'Femescal tin at the Worlds
Fair.
Fresno is once more urging the costruc-
ton of ship canal down the San Joaquin
Valley.
Eseondido is to have a flower fair. and
viii try 20 suIpasS the recent show at Santa
Barbara.
Portland is preparing to entertain 1000
visitors at the meeting OF the Presbyterian
assembly.
Not single Chinese has ever been per-
mitted TO establish himself in The town Of
Suffer Greek.
Sacramento is to have gold-cure ins,i-
tute. and hopes 10 get it ready in time for
the next session OF the Legislature.
The building of portage railway at The
Dalies is being urged by all the newspapers
VI CicSobI " doHtHEtVA anu 1uaHO'
San BenitO County will be the future oil
center Of the State. 1t is said that one Of
the wells at Valleeitos is flowing 5000 bar
rels day.
The Terminal road, which Is supposed to
be the Union Pacific, will build a handsome
new depot at Pasadena. The site has al
ready been purchased.
Over in Nevada there is talk of rum Ing a
''slver electoral ticket" and giving the vote
OF the State to whichever party will prom
Use the nearest approach to free coinage.
The morning call., 1892-05-15
EXPRESSMAN BAKERS ESTATE.
Satisfactory Settlement of the Contest
over It's Award.

Satisfactory Settlement of the Contest
Over It's Award.
After further hearing. which lasted all
the afternoon, Judge Coffey decided the
contested application Of the so-ealled widow
to set apart the estate of William Baker to
her for the support of herself and three
children.
Baker was an expressman, who died on
January %. 1892. leaving an estate of
S9I3 80, of which S204 constituted the earn
ings of very ladylike and pretty young
daughter. He left two children by former
wife and one lovely little girl by the woman,
Frances Baker, who claimed to be the
widow.
The Bakers had come from Canada, he
DESERVING his wife and taking the children,
and she leaving her husband, from whom
afterward in Buffalo, n Y, she was dl-
Yorced. They lived hare as man and wife,
she being known as Mrs. Baker,. but
none of the children ever calling her by any
other name than Fannie" Nor was their
lie a happy one. Before his death they had
separated and he published an advertisement
that he would not be responsible for any
debts contracted by his wife. She had also
consulted a divorce bureau.
Tie guardian OF the two children con-
tested the setting aside OF the estate to her,
because tho two Oldest children are not IN
her household, Miss Nellie working out and
the boy having only lately returned to Mrs,
Baker The first question was therefore
whether Mrs Baker is the widow, and tes-
timony Of the former neighbors on Nat0ma
street and of the children was taken on this
point.
Mrs Baker wept on the stand when IN
terrogated on the subject of her relations
with Baker, and as thoroughly repentant
woman acknowledged this folly of her past
life. She claimed to have been married
without further ceremony after the birth Of
the little girl than the taking Of each other
as man aud wife, without witnesses being
present, and the assumption Of marital
rights. Several times during her testimony
and with tears flowing she said 10 the court:
"Pm willing to let the children have every
thing. but let NE go out Of court-let me get
out Of this.
Judge Coffey held that she is the widow;
that Miss Nellie is undoubtedly entitled to
her claim for money earned by her and
placed in her fathers hands for safekeep-
ing, and then ruled that Mrs. Baker, Miss
Nellie and her brother shall share equally
in the residue
"What shall the other little girl have"
asked the counsel for the widow.
'She will have hel mother Nellie and
Willie have no mother and no father" re-
piled the Judge.