davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20

HAINHlNt FOE A NEW STRATUM
OF course the action of the water would soon
tend to wash out an irregular hole and before
long the ground would be eaving in around the
edge OF the pit, were it not for the use of a
casing or larger pipe outside of the smaller,
retaining the walls of the pit in their circular
shape and affordlng an easy channel for the
water to reach the surface and bring up with it
samples Of tine materials encountered
THE STARTING OF TIE HOLE.
When the hole is first started Mr.. Conley
drives down into the ground about five feet Of
iron pipe, two inches in diameter, provided at
the top with what is known to plumbers as a
I-ioint The lower hole of the joint screws
down on the casing. the opposite one yawns
upward 10 receive the drill shaft and the other,
that between these two, opens horizontally out
ward to form q lip for the free flow of the ris-
ing water and turn ii into q bucket placed on
the ground underneath to catch it. With this
easing Is q starter, the borer is enabled 10 push
his drill down fifteen OF twenty feet below the
surface. some distance beyond the tube. The
steel point and the water make a smooth hole
unless there should be sand or gravel eneoun-
tered. and then II Is necessary to put the casing
down further.
When this Is required the first length Of cas-
ing Is pulled out Of the ground and then the
hnal casing ID put into the soil. which remains
as pr.seryer Of the pit until all the expert
ments are concluded. This is some W hat smaller
than the nrst part perhaps half an inch less in
diameter, and thus the space between its walls
and the drlII-carrying pipe is slightly reduced
This 10 an important factor. as only such par
tieies OF material as can 60 between the two
tubes will come to the surface samples.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20
EIllN4

the design and much more data than is now
available as to the subriver strata. The accom-
panying estimate is made upon data obtained
from various sources and assumed according to
the cost would be 81, $50 600 This would give
bridge Of great strength and solidity. Of the
highest excellence and in every way a suitable
structure. 1t does not include anything in the
way Of statuary, which could be added from
time to time The plans and estimates can be
modified in such ways as to provide for bridge
OF the same general type at an expense not ex-
ceeding IL 100000. On the other hand, I'M
known difficulties of construction. increased
ornamentaton, beautiication of the APP
proaches and their vicinity, &C., might bring
the cost up to 81 500 600 In other words the
according TO the ultimate details adopted and
the difficulties of construction met with.
by DETECTING the bridge from the direct
line to the gate of Arlington, SO that il shall
cross Analostan Island proper. saving could
be effected Of $3.50 600 to 500 600. have the
honor to request that this design may be con-
sidered as one of the alternative plans asked
forin Senator Sherman's resolution
MEMORIAL ARCH.
An appended general description called at
tention to memorial arch that was to form
one of the features of the bridge to be erected
at the Washington end of the bridge. common.
orative of Lincoln and Grant, with tablets re.
citing their great services and the fact that the
bridge was erected across the Potomac from
the north to the south as their most suitable
monument.
Gen. Newton, in his letter of transmittal, re.
ferring to this plan, says: 1T does not appea,
that Capt. Symons has allowed sufficient head
room"
ABANDONED FOR FOUR YEARS.
Then for nearly four years the matter wal
untouched by Congress and not again men
toned officially. though there was continued al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20

herewith-that it is . monument to Lincoln
and Grant
ut seems peculiarly fitting that the nations
monument to these great men should take the
separates the two sections lately in arms against
one another. II is symbolical of the removed
Union brought about SO LARGELY by thsir
genius, wisdom and strength.
subordinate idea OF the bridge IL to pro-
vide mt places for memorial statues N the hen
tenants OF Lincoln and Grant who were active
ana influential in the council chamber and the
neid during the civil war. The places provided
are upon the piers of the bridge on each side
OF the roadway. The details could be modified
produced.
THE PROPOSED SITE.
''The location Of the bridge is on the direct
line from the naval observatory to the north
ern gate Of Arlington. The main spans are 800
feet in the clear, with Q clear height above
high tide Of ninety feet under two Of them.
This is believed sufficient for all purposes
Some Of the largest vessels going to George.
town would have to lower their topmasts 10
pass under, but on the whole the inconvenience
resulting would be very much less than tina,
from low bridge with q draw; besides the
monumental character OF the bridge requires
1t to be continuous and precludes the adoption
of a draw.
''The arches are designed to be Of steel espe
cially adapted for the work. In the drawing
these are shown as segment arches. 1t woul,
probably be more desirable to adopt the ellipti
cal form more graceful and more suitabl,
under all the circumstances The approaches
and q portion Of the bridge across the low
lands are designed to be in an embankment fft,
feet in width on top, well paved, with sidewalk
and q substantial railing.
THE COST.
1T is only possible to estimate approximate.
the cost of this bridge. To make close est
mate would require much more elaboration o
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20

s'Ths lower chord Of the bridge should be
placed ct about twenty-eight feet above the
level Of low tide. This would allow tugs and
small craft to pass under the bridge without
be built in the most substantial manner Of solid
masonry; the truss to be capable of bearing q
moving load OF about seyenty-dve pounds to
the square foot of roadway.
THE COST OF THE STRUCTURE.
"A bridge Of this kind will, in my opinion,
best fulfn the requirements of the Senate reso-
luton. The cost Of such structure, finished
in the best manner and with some degree Of
ornamentation, il is estimated would be $609, =
543." The estimates submitted are given in the
report in some detail. 1.-THE cost of the bridge
could be reduced by increasing the number and
reducing the width Of the spans, but such re.
duction would not be expedient as it is i'm
portant to keep the number of piers down to
the minimum In order not to obstruct the dow
Of water.
"A variation in the form Of truss could be
made by curving the upper chord, and to some
this modification would have a more pleasing
effect The cost would practically be the same.
AN ALTERNATIVE PLAN.
can alternative plan would be . three-span
bridge, built Of steel, and with the upper chord
either curved or straight. The draw span in
this case, to be about $50 feet. The other two
spans would be 425 feet each. In other respects
the bridge would be like the four span structure
already alluded to. 1t would have one great
disadvantage, however, as the draw span would
be located partly in shoal water. so that vessels
as a rule, would use only the side toward the
Washington shore. The cost of o three-span
bridge would be about $3.50, 600.
THE NECESSARY HEIaHT.
''There may be great diversity of opinion
as to the height necessary to build bridge in
order that it may not materially interfere with
navigation, If navigation interests alone were
consulted, clear height of at least $40 feet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20
THE LAND OF THE PHARoAHs.
Nr. Lysander Dickermsn's Instructive Lece
ure Before the National Geograph Society

Mr. Lysander Dickerman's Instructive Lecos
ure Before the National Geographic Society
The land of the Pharoahs and the archie
lecture of the inhabitants thereof furnished
the subject Of a very interesting and instruct.
i've lecture delivered TO a large audience -
Columbian University last night by Mr.. Ly SAM
der Dlckermnn. the famous Psychologist The
occasion was the sIxty-third regular meeting
OF the National Geographic Society, and the
lecture wgs delivered under the auspices Of the
society.
The lecture was illustrated with stereopticau
views Of the pyramids, sphinkes. obelisks. the
famous Temple OF Karnack and many views Il
interesting ruins OF typical Egyptian archt
lecture.
Mr. Dickerman said everything In the daW
OF ancient Egypt eonduced 10 the rearing of
magnificent piles OF architecture Stone VS.
found in abundance, and the people were Pc
tent and painstaking in their work. For three
months in the year the arabic land was mum
dated. and kings and lordly builders could find
workmen glad TO labor for only their bread.
The architecture Of that day devoted to
commemoration OF the virtues and deeds Of The
kings and 10 the glorifcation of God.
Mr.. Dickerman flashed upon the canvass Q
picture of pyramid which was built m the
FIRST dynasty. 1t existed 8. 766 years before
Christ and LOO years before the birth a
Abraham Another picture represented .
pyramid OF polished granite almost - old Ac-
cording to Herocotus, it took $50 600 men ten
years 10 cut the stone. noat ~ down The kuo
aud carry it across the desert, where tan more
years were consumed in erecting the pyramid
This pyramid overlooks the spot where the
mother of Christ rested with the child upon
the fight into Egypt Abraham, Moses and
Aaron had sat at its base and discoursed anon
the law.
Much speculation has been INDUCED In upon
the use Of pyramids. The accepted belief b
that they were the tombs Of kings Mr.. Dick.
erman next discussed the sphynKes and obs-
lisks. He translated some hieroglyphics found
upon column that was erected 4, 900 years ego.
An interesting portion of the lecture Vas de
reference TO the Temple Of karnsk. Q stupsnd-
Gus pile OF architecture which pAled into in
significance even the Colosseum az Rome With
its seating capacity Of $1,000 persons Ths 60
dience -applauded 40 picture after picture
giowed upon the canvas TO give way 10 another,
exhibiting the marvellous pillars and portco0
and halls Of the temple.
A chapter upon the lotus Of the Nils, upoa
the statue Of Rameser and upon the statue Of
wood hewn from a sycamore tree 5000 years
ago, lent interest to the discourse.
Mr.. Dickerman paid high tribute TO the char.
acter Of the ancient Egyptians Their national
life lasted 1000 years. II began 5000 yesrs be-
fore the birth of Rome, a,400 years before
Greece and outlasted both. Tins pcrpesnafioa
Of national life was due 10 the Egyptlan's revsrs
ence for the home, 20 has homage 20 vo0Aa
and the cultivation Of the virtues which fol-
lowed these two.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20

trinket that she so much covets. What blush of
happiness overspreads her face when he gives
the toy to her and how disappointed she is when
he passes her by and gives it to another How
triumphant 10 the happy man the lapsls Of
whose coat are covered with the trophies which
have been given to him He is like a much
honored foreign prince decorated by his SOW
ereigns with tin medals and tinsel orders. But
how utterly wretched is the poor fellow who
receives no fsvors at all. There he sits in evil
dent I'll nature waiting for what never comes to
him.
In speaking Of the german it is only fair
that an allusion should be made to the benev-
olent people of heart who take pity on the
poor young girl or man who has not been lucky
In the matter of favors. These Christians are
doing kindness that heaven will remember.
They are saving people from q large measure
OF unhappiness, and when the recipient Of
such kindness Is ungrateful he or she docs not
deserve to receive charity any more.
IT COSTS A GREAT DEAL
not unreasonable objection to the german
is that 1t costs o great deal. A handsome
german is undoubtedly the costlicst kind of
entertainment All tho supper aud music of
| an ordinary ball are necessary, and added to
this ia the cost OF the favors. A large german
thus costs as much as the salary for year of
| Q large number Of the young men who 90 to it.
Let poor people think Of it for a moment
There Is champagne at, say O. bottle, and
hundreds OF bottles are drunk; there are
walters innumerable; there is terrapin by the
| gallon; there are seats to be hired, a band of
musicians to be paid. oysters. salads and ices
! to be provided In addition to all this there
are the scores Of bouquets. the tinsel
Occupations, the straw slippers and a
hundred other expensive gim cracks
all to be given away as fayors. There are reg
ular favor manufacturers now and the trade il
becoming quite an important one. The finest
| ones are said to be made in Paris and their i'm
| portation helps to swell Uncle SANS revenue,
/ for they are considered by all politicians az
coming under the head Of Injuries, which can
not enter this country free Of duty. But there
| are handsome ones made in America too, and
1t 10 not necessary to 60 beyond the sea to sat-
isfy this requireme MT Of the modern ball
1t may reasonably be objected that the ex-
| pendituro of money for such purposes is en-
/ extravaganza. Unquestionably it IL 90, but on
the other hand. it brings great deal Of money
into the hands Of q large number Of people.
There are the caterers and all their employees,
the florists, the walters. the stationers and On
grnvers, the provision dealers, the household
domesucs-au these and many others subsist
largely upon the people who give large balls,
| TO say nothing Of the hackmen and livery stable
keepers, who reap rich harvest during ''ths
| season"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20

out OF Congress- but no definite shane has
ever been taken by the idea that there is need
for some sort Of a connection between the
government lands on each side of the river. A
bill is now pending in the House for the erec-
ton of such a bridge, and its fate will doubtless
be watched with unusual interest both bv
Washingtonians and yirgnians to whom such
structure would be q great convenience
Ihls bill was introduced by Representative
Meredith of Virginia, representing the dis
trlct just across the river. 1t was presented
to the House January IL. read twice and re-
lerred TO the committee on public buildings
and grounds.
| TWO OBJECTS IN VIEW.
The bill has two objects-tirst the formation
of a public park on the Arlington estate. and
second. the erection of bridge across the river
For the first object the sum of so. 900 is named
In the bill, and 1t is provided that So much OF
the estate NAV not be otherwise used shall
| be converted into public park and that an.
proprlate roads and avenues in it shall be con.
/ structed under the direction of the Secretary
| OF War. The Secretary is also directed to have
! constructed an iron bridge from the most con
venient point of the naval observatory grounds
| across the Potomac river to the most cOnyen.
| lent point in the Arlington property 1t il
specified that this bridge shall be of iron, witt
| a wagon way thirty feet wide and a passenge,
| footway on each side eight feet WIDE and shall
be Of such height as to permit the free passage
OF vessels. But the Secretary is authorized, II
| case 1t should be deemed impr1cticable to give
| the bridge such a height, to have a draw
| erected in the bridge of suitable dimensions fol
| the accommodation of vessels. The sum o.
5000 Is appropriated by the bill for the cree
ton OF this bridge.
| VARIOUS BRIDGE PLANS.
1t will hardly be necessary for the commit
tee to call upon the Secretary Of War for in
formation in regard to this project for unless
| the records of the committee have been de
| stroyed there are now file at least three
| separate plans for bridge across the river t.
Arlington, the result of resolutions Of inquiry
| sent to the Secretary Of War upon the subject
The first resolution passed the Senate May "a
1856. calling upon the Secretary of War 20 ex
anime and report upon the expediency of con
structlng government bridge. with suitable
draw and approaches, connecting the public
lands on each sile of the river, and to repor
| to the Senate, with estimates of the cost of {
| bridge deemed by the department most expe
| dent. and which would not materially affec
| the navigation of the river.
THE OPINION OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERs.
The resolution was returned to the Senate
month later, June "a. by Secretary Endicott
transmitting the letter of the chief of engineer
upon the subject-Gen. Newton then held tina
| Of1ice-as well as the report of Col then Major
Hams. to whom the question referred. Al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20


When the second casing is inserted il is added
10 AZ II serysls the pit grows deeper the drill
keeping ahead OF II most of the time. large
sledge hammer Of iron serves TO drive the pipe
into the ground, and sometimes new lengths of
ten feet are al I ID at a time. As the drill eats
its way dova -trd additional lengths of gas
pipe sore So on $ n shaft. and at each ad-
dltlon the bor-f 3as TO ascend a little in order
10 be on = level 81 a the top of the pipe. He
does TINS by Ut ling rude derrick about
twenty feet in height somewha. resembling
those in Use in the oil regions.
CURIOUS DERRICK.
This derrick Of Mr.. Conley's is q curio II IL
made of all sorts and conditions of boards
hastily nailed together and depending for its
reputation rather on Its utility than its beauty.
IL Is now two years old, having been taken
apart and put together again several times.
Each time IL accoIaplishes this disappearing
act Its value as an original antique becomes
greater. until now ii is n mt subject for retire.
ment. Mr.. Coniey has come to this conclusion
and announces tbs fact that he is going 70 re-
place IL. IL has aided IN the boring of many a
vsu and thus has accomplished an honorable
Nilsson of earth-perhaps It would be better to
say In earthly helping to quench the thirst OF
large part Of humanity.
When a new length of pipe has been added
70 the drill SHAFT the borer goes up on the der
rick and starts once more to push his drill
down through the various strata of earth
ctotlin& that he tnds- he water comes into
tbs tube through piece of inch hose, and as
he turns and twists the drill shaft around and
around this hose coils around the casing in Q
snAky way that might be suggestive 70 nervous
temperaments-
The arrangement for fitting the hose to the
tube Is very simple, and yet. like most of the
features Of this outfit. Sufficient The Joint has
been made in one piece, one projection making
the connections with the hose and the other
with the tube. while two handles project on
either side a. levers for the use of the borer i.
manipulating the drill.
When working through clay and certain
sorts Of sand the progress Of the drill Is com
paratively rapid and the additions to the tube
are frequent Ten feet are borsa through in
~ many minutes But the advance toward
the center OF the earth 10 lsssened when SAND
Of that sort called hard-paf or firm gravel il
struck Then the drill has 10 work hard and
The man on top harder
Sometimes the gravel runs into small boul
ders that can be pushed aside, and then th,
progress 10 quite uneven In such instances
tins stream brings up but few specimens, IN
lsss tbs spaces between the stones are flied, a
10 sometimes the case, with sand and gravel
wHES WATER Is STRUCK.
When the casing has reached gravel 1t FIRE
quentiy happens that the drill. advancing be
meath Dc lower edge Of the pipe. win run int,
. vatsr bed and perhaps . stream under Ia,
ground Then the fow Of water to the surfac,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-02-20

sec, it is too much of dance for an old stager
like myself. l like to 60 to dancing parties
and dance or not. as choose. but At a german I
have to dance all the time. whether / will or
no. But you must not misunderstood me.
think it the most beautiful way Of entertaining,
and it gives more pleasure to the young people
than they ever get from an ordinary dancing
party, but my own joints are getting little too
stiff for it,
One needs timber joints to enjoy a german
there is no doubt of that; one figure" succeeds
another. ''favors" come rapidly. polkas sue
coed waltZes there Is pretty incessant moving
all the time. The ''old stager" in the ball room
has not the energy to keep up with the pro-
cession and he had better give up his seat to
the younger and more active men.
Now. let few explanatory remarks be made
on this subject Of the german and they will be
understood better by describing perfect one:
The first essential for perfect german 10 that
the seats should be SO arranged that they are
all about equally good. To have this in per-
lection is, OF course, impossible Some seat,
are bound to be in more conspicuous place
than others, but if skill is exercised there will
be no seats so good that their occupants will
have all the fun and mono so bad that the m
| fortunate individuals who sit In them will b
cast completely in the shade. The poor couple
| sitting in a corner where they can't be seen BY
any but the most persistent searchers are IN
l bad way. They can sit all night ana mos gel
''taken out" while the lucky people at thu
head OF the room. being in sysgybody's Val
and being In evidence all the time are KEEP
dancing continually. There should b NJ
dark. obscure corners at german: The Oh
| ject sought IL not conversation, but dancing.
QUALIFICATIONS FOB LBADxl
Having your heats we'll arranged the nsx
thing OF importance d your leader. Upon hin
depends great deal II he gets ''rattisd" h
is lest II he hes favorites and sights some o
the guests he ought to BE- exterminated IRON
OF the face Of the earth. II be " too slov b,
ought to be reprimandsd. A german lasts lat
upder any circumstances. but II Il u led sloWll