davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
BERING SEAS TREATY.

The st. James Gazette Gives Vent to a
Little Boastfuln ess.
LONDON, April 20-The st. James
Gazette. commenting on the ratification by
the United States Senate of the convention
providing for renewal OF the Bering sea
modus viveDdl. says: THE Americans are to
be congratulated upon seeing the reason and
Lord Salisbury upon having performed the
surgical operation which enabled them to
do so without unnecessarily hurting the
feelings of the patients"
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
FIVE POISONED.

A Lover and His Aff1anced Bride
Among the Number.
PETALUMA, CAL, April 20.-This town
is wildly excited to-day over a case of
wholesale poisoning. Daniel Shaw is dy-
ing, his afianced bride. Miss Annie Hink-
ston, is very i'll, as are also her mother,
Mrs. Hinkstou, Miss Allie Hinkston,
an adopted daughter, and an
aunt, Mrs. Carter. All are suffering
from strychnine poisoning administered by
some unknown person. Realizing his criti-
cal condition, MIR. Shaw wished to be mar
ried before he died, and the ceremony was
performed this afternoon. Shaw is still
alive, but it is not thought that he will
live
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
Chess Champions.

New YoRK, April 2O.-The first game
between Lipschutz and Showalter in the
chess match was opened by the latter with
an Evans gambit. which Lipschutz de-
clined. On the sixty-second move the game
was adjourned and will be finished Friday.
Tomorrow the second game Of the match
will be PLAYED.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
CLEVELAND THE WINNER.
Leading Southern Editors of Tha
Opinion.

b6S0luS OOutD0rn hOlJOF5 OF TnRC
Opinion.
NEW York, April 20.-Seven editors Of
leading southern papers, who compose the
executive committee OF the Southern Press
Association, are now at the Sturtevant house,
J. C. Hemphill OF the Net0s and Courier,
Charleston. S. c.; E. P. Howell Of the At
lsnts Constitution; j. II. Estill of the
MORNING NEWS, Savannah; G. o. B. CO.
werdin of the Richmond Dispatch, T. T.
Stockton of the Florida Times
. UniOn, w. w. Screws of the
Montgomery Advertiser and Adolph
s. Ochs Of the Chattanooga Times.
These men are Ia position 70 understand
thoroughly the drift OF public sentiment in
their states The Tribune says that five
out Of the seven Of these editors said that
ex-President Cleveland would receive the
uninEtructed supported of their states.
These states are South Carolina, Alabasia,
Florida, Tennessee and Georgia Mr.. Oehs
expressed the opinion that Mr.. Clevelanal
would be nominated before New York was
called in the list OF states.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
I,,oense Issues in IllInois

CHICAGO, April 20.-A large number Of
municipal elections were held throughout
Illinois yesterday. In nearly every case the
liceuse question was the controlling issue.
So far al heard from, in over 125 towns,
about seventy voted for license and fifty
for enti-license, in the others the councils
being tied.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
Wisconsin Going For Cleveland

MILWAUKEE, April 20.-The Rock, iowa.
and Waupacs democratic county conven-
tions yesterday elected delegates to the state
convention and instructed them to favor ex-
President Cleveland for President The
Rock county convention strongly censured
Congressman Babhit for opposing free wool
and for, voting for free coinage. The Kenosha
county delegates were not instructed, but
two are strong Cleveland men and the other
is equally strong for Senator Palmer.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
Eight Miners Drowned.

PoFTsvILLE, Pa, April 20.-At the
Lyttle Coal Company's collierY, seven miles
from Minersvillo to-day, water from an old
working broke into the mine and drowned
eight miners. Two others are impr soned
by the water, but are alive, and strenuous
efforts are being made to rescue them.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
A Psrtv Vote on MAYNARD.

ALBANY, N. Y, April 2O.-The assembly
has adopted, by vote of 67 yeas to SO nays,
the majority report Of the Maynard investi-
CATION committee, which indorses Judge
Maynard in the contested election csss.
The Senate has adopted the majority re-
port of the Maynard investigation COM
mittee by a party vote.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
A SENSATION IN BERLIN.
The Chief Cashier of Banking House
"a Heavy Defaultsr.

The Chief Cashier of Banking House
Heavy Defeultsr.
BERLIN, April 2O.-A most decided SEN
satlon was caused on the bourso here to-day
by the report that Herr Jaeger. chief
cashier for the banking house OF Rothsohild
q Frankfort. was defAulter. According
to this report Jaeger had succeeded In do
traudipg his employers out of 1000, 900
marks. Inquiries revealed the fact that
Jaeder has held the position OF chief cashier
for seventeen years He was implicitly
trustedand there hasInevsr been breath Of
suspicion concerning him. Some time ago
he was miHsinR from his post and as time
elapsed and be did not appear. q partial ex-
animation OF his books was made. This
resulted In a declaration that he IL an alb.
sconder. The examination OF the books
has nob yet been concluded, and the exact
amount OF the defalcstion, therefore, is not
known.
HIS sTEALINGs OVER 200, 900 MARKS.
No denial has been made, however, and
the statement is made that the stealings
will reach 100000 marks. Tho cashiers
office is closed and an expert employed to
examine and reVise all the books Of the
bank. II is said In some quarters that Jaeder
knew his dishonesty would shortly be div
covered, and that he has made away with
himself. On the other hand, il is claimed
that he has the greater part OF the stolen
money in his possession, and that, under an
assumed name. he is endsavorinK to reach
foreign country, most likely the United
States,
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
PORTO NOVO IN PERIL.
A Large Force OF Natives Ready to
Swoop Down on the Town.

A Large Force OF Natives Ready to
Swoop Down on the Town.
PARIS, April 20.-An official dispatch has
been received from Porto Novo stating that
King BehanEin of Dahomey has written
letter to the governor Of Porto Novo In
which he says he has been informed that
France has resolved upon declaring war
against him. The king declares that he is
quite prepared fer any move France may
make, aud warns the French that IL they
touch any OF his towns he will destroy
Porto Novo and all the French posts In the
Blight OF Benin. The dispatch adds
shat large bodies OF Dahomans have
returned to the left bank OF the river and
are approaching Porto Novo. In addition
to these forces large native force is con-
centratsd between Godomey and Abomey,
the capital II King Bshanzin should de-
eide to take the Initiative in opening war,
there is no question that the safety of the
French Possessions would be seriously
threatened.
THE FRENCH FORCE.
The exact number Of the French force Is
not known, as reinforcements have been
hurried to Porto Novo from st. Louis,
Senegal, but it is not believed to amount 10
more than 1000 men. Other reinforce
ments will DO dispatched as quickly as possi>
BILE to defond Porto Novo, Kotonou, Grand
Popo and Agoue, and as soon as
the French are in sufficient force
will be made upon Abomey. Kink Behan-
zin can it ia said, place In the field $1,000
trained warriors who are we'll versed In
warfare, and it will be no easy task 10 COM
quer them, for they are among the boldest
and most fearless Of native fighters,
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
cay STATE REPUBLICANS.

es Elected to the Nationa
D. convention os the Party.
onva-.,N' april 20.-The republican state
5nr ou'Ion o,. for four delegates at large and
B Minn..aaate to the national convention
PoIls In June was held In Ire
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
3. and o. Declares a Dividend.

BALTIMORE, Nd, April 20.-Tho board
of directors OF the Baltimore and Ohio COM
pany, at their meeting to-day, declared a
IL cash dividend on the common stock for
the three months ended Dec. 81, 1891.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
Another Earthquake shock.

SACRAMENTO, CAL, April Ca slight
earthquake shock occurred here this morn
ing at O'Clock. No damage was done.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21
MAYDAY IN EUROPE.
Sixteen Halls Secured by the Social
lists of Berlin.

BERLIN, April 2O.-The Yort0derts. the
organ OF The socialists, announces that six
teen halls have been secured for the purpose
of holding Mayday manifestations. The
paper appeals to all workingmen TO observe
Mayday as freedom from the bonds Of capi-
talists can only be obtained through the
efforts OF the workingInsn themselves.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1892-04-21

Spotted Typhus Among RniRrants.
BERLIN, April 20.-LarRe masses of Rus
sian emigrants are gathered at the German
frontier and are anxiously Watching for a
chancs to elude the vigilance Of the guards
nnd gain an entrance into the country.
Spotted typhus bas broken out among them
and Is creating great ravages
The advocate., 1892-04-20

the capital invested. On the other hand,
in the smaller cities and towns, although
rents are much lower, yet on account Of
the smaller volume of business, or num-
Der Of sales, o much larger gross profit
must be realized on each sale, in order
that satisfactory net profit may be real
lied after paying all expenses, or Items
Of cost, including rent. But in each
case, in the large city, as In the small
town, rent Is included in the price Of all
goods sold. Owners Of land, occupying
such land, in their own buildings for in
come producing businesses, receive,
FirSt-Rent, (for land and buildings.)
Second-Interest upon capital invested
In goods. Third-PrOft, or wages. Of
all this they retain possession. Tenants
on such land, who own neither land or
building, receive just the same items, but
the rent for land aud building they must
hand over to the landlord who owns such
land and building. In both cases, all
three items, rent, interest and profit, are
included in the prices Of goods sold and
collected from the customers, or people.
The difference proposed by the single
tax Is to pay the land rent TO the people,
or government, (the government becom-
ing the universal lsndlOr0 as tax, In
stead Of paying 1t to individuals; but /
defy Mr.. Turner, or any other man, to
show wherein the person occupying the
building and land, would pay any more
of such land rent than was paid by any
of his customers who consumed as much
as he did.
Now as to that speclouS but sophlsti-
cal argument concerning corn, or other
products produced on farm lands Of vary
ing values or prices and of varying de-
grees Of fertility. There Is no argument
about it, If one does but probe the sub
ject to the bottom.
Value attaches to agricultural land,
First-Because Of its relative nearness TO
good markets and the consequent rels-
tive smallness Of the expense item called
transportation. Second-Because of lts
relative greater fertility and the conse-
quent relative greater yield Of farm pro-
ducts for any given amount Of labor ex-
pended. Now, where ia Mr.. Turner'S AZ
gument? The man occupying the more
valuable land-say for instance, "a farm
or who rented rich corn land that would
yield say 70 bushels to the acre." does, in
fact, compel "the consumer to pay the
difference in his rent and the rent for
corn land that produced only 25 bushels
per acre." Could Mr.. Turner see beyond
the end Of his nose, he would perceive
that profits lin all avocations) increased
in exactly the same ratio 90 rents, such
increase In profits being in fact the basis
and excuse for the increase In rents.
The advocate., 1892-04-20
Kansas City, Mo.

In another column the Price Baking
Powder company offers a valuable cook
book free to anyone sending them . re-
quest for same. Friends Of The ADvo-
cate, in accepting this generous offer,
will confer a favor on this paper BY stat
ing where they saw the offer.
The advocate., 1892-04-20
THE CONSUMER PAYS THE RENT.

K1H OON0UMEh GAAO AA6 4SAA1t
To the Editor of THE ADVOCATE.
l had intended to write series OF ar
tlcles upon the subject Of taxation In
general, and on some specific form OF
taxation In particular, but 1t appears as
If shall have to turn my attention to
the task of defending my position in re-
gard TO the single tax.
/ have just read the communication
from Mr.. w. A. Turner in criticism of
my views, and as the ideas Mr.. Turner
advances are fair sample Of the sbsurdi-
ties generally offered as arguments by
our single tax friends, l will briefly ana
lyze his communication.
Mr.. Turner either asserts or leaves US
to infer that he holds-First, that rent is
not shifted by tenants under the present
system. Second-That rent under the
present system, Is not charged up TO the
consumers Of goods and the users of SER
vices, and that the single tax economic
rent) would not be so changed under the
single tax system. Thlrd-That "Rent is
no part of either cost or price"
1t is passing strange that Mr.. Turner
does not grasp the idea that, as q single
taxer, he destroys with his own srgu-
ments, all reason for his being. If, as
he says, rent under the present system
is not included In the price Of goods,
commodities and services, and is not
borne by the whole people, but is paid
by merchants and business men, out Of
special fund they have set apart for that
purpose, then the whole argument Of the
single takers, tending TO show the neces-
sity and efficacy Of their system as re-
medal measure, falls to the ground of
lts own weight; and the size Of this spec
ial fund, in each individual case, meas
ures the time for which the merchant
can avoid bankruptcy.
The truth Is, however, that Mr.. Turner
is grlevously mistaken in the premises.
Under the present system, all merchants
and others occupying land for income
producing businesses Merchandising
who fail to include all expenses, includ-
Ing rent, freight, insurance, ETC., In the
estimate of first cost Of goods on their
shelves, must sooner or later 60 into
bankruptcy. In the case Of manufac
tured articles, interest upon the value Of
the plant (and, buildings, machinery,
etc., where the manufacturer owns the
land and buildings, and In case he Ii a
tenant, rent for the same are items Of ex-
pense which enter into the cost of the
manufactured article. In large cities, as
in Chicago, owing to the greater volume
Of business, or number of sales, q smaller
profit on each sale makes up the neces-
sary gross profit on the gross sales out of
which the high rents may be paid and
yet the usual net profit be realized on
The advocate., 1892-04-20
$1.OO PER YEAR.

tlons to the legal ownership Of land, and
that the rule should be enforced upon
the hypothesis that no one man can by
any possibility occupy more than one
place, at one time, the discriminating,
graduated d--cumulatlve tax being levied
upon vacant lands and lands occupied BY
others than those who claimed Ito owner
ship. The single tax would license capi-
tai to occupy as many locations or siteg,
for wealth accommodating purpose a. Il
was able to improve, and the tax or rent
would be paid by the whole people a.
consumers, the capItslistic occupierB Or
users Of locations simply paying their
proportion as consumers. All taxes and
rents levied upon or collected from In
come producing businesses, are shifted
on to consumers, patrons and customers,
and the changing Of the name 70 the
.'singls taz" would not change this In
exorRble and immutable law.
A graded income tax would just 40
surely and unerrlngly take fair pro-
portion Of economic rent as would Che
single tax "llmited," while it would also
take the same fair proportion Of all In
comes derived through the medium Of
interest and profit. Being graded and
levied on net incomes It could not be-
shifted, and il q net income Of 81 600 YVES
exempt from taxation, the incomes that
would be taxed would be "WnedrRe6 in
crement."
Our single tax friends should dlsAbuse
their minds Of the fallacious idea that
economic rent ls the only form Of un-
earned increment. All interest Ia un-
earned increment--so also are all profits
In excess Of "falr wsges." Interest upon
fraudulent bonds and dividends upon
fictitious capitalization are not only un-
earned but are stolen increment So
much more powerful are they In their
evil potentiality than is economic rent,
that the land of the nation which thirty
years ago was owned In fee simple free
Of enCumbranCe by the masses ofthe peO-
pie, Is now burdened with billions Of
dollars Of mortgage indebtedness, while
an immense quantity Of II has been sold
under the sheriR's hammer and 10 now
the property Of those who accumulated
wealth by virtue Of the operation Of the
factors interest and profit
GEO. @. WARD.
Kansas City, Mo.
The advocate., 1892-04-20

Profits make vSlue-vRlue ls the basis Of
rent A certain amount Of labor equals
In one case 20 bushels at 20 cents, or $14;
and In the other case 25 bushels at 20
cents, or $500. Rent In the frat case
one-third, or $4.66; rent in the second
case, one-thlrd, or S1.86, and 1888 net
wages for the given amount Of labor,
while the first party receives $9.S3 for the
same amount Of labor. Now what should
under proper conditions set the price for
the corn In both cases. / say land Of
average fertility and an average haul to
market; the items Of cost being interest
on value of land and buildings, machinery,
work animals, tools, ETC., and cost in Ia
Dor OF production. The occupying land
owners, not tenants, adjusting the price
ut which corn 10 sold. Atthls price both
the tenants and the landlords corn 10
sold, rent and labor cost being blended
together, while the consumer pays both
the rent and the labor cost. But why
does Mr.. Turner select tenants as Illus
tratlons? Why not come to the point
and acknowledging that land owning
farmers should (if they do mott receive
economic rent" !. g., interest on value Of
land, endesvor to show chat such rent is
not Shifted" by the various middle men,
grain dealers, millers, etc., until at last
it is paid by the consumer Of the finished
product.
But it ls q matter Of grave doubt If
those farmers who occupy and farm the
land Of which they are the ostenslble
owners, receive any economic rent at all
The grain crop Of last year was worth
739,OOO,0OO. OF this, the farmer-the
producer--got only S4OO.OO0,OOO. Trans
portation, middlemen and other charges,
after II left the farm, consumed the other
$3.50 100000 Il is very doubtful If the
$4O0OO00OO the farmers got, paid the
bare cost Of production, putting labor Gt
q minimum figure, 90 that in reality they
got no economic rent" which is but a
scientific term for interest upon the value
Of the farm.
/ am not, however, an advocate or de-
fendant Of land monopoly, nor do l pre-
tend TO deny chat land owners, as land
lords, through the medium Of rent,
absorb q very large proportion of the
residual increment" or net product Of
the nations workers, but l do contend
that the fact that very many men man
age 10 pay rent for valuable lands and
yet amass enormous fortunes in business,
proves that interest and profit also are
factors that absorb an undue proportion
Of labor'S product. We have seen that
almost one-half Of the value Of the grain
crop Of the nation lS absorbed by factors
other than rent. ] hold that use and oc-
cgpGHcy should be prerequisite condi-
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1892-10-21

Last Sunday the Boston Herald contain
ed q special telegram from its London cor
respondent concerning the condition Of
English industries and wOrkmen. The
Herald is Democratic in politics. so the
charge of partisanship cannot be laid
against any of the statements of the arti-
Gle. The following is one OF the most sig
nlicant passages:
Thousands of skilled workmen in al
most all trades are now idle through no
fault Of their own The evil has grown
gradually. Attention has not been called
to it by the sudden discharge of great bod
les of men. Working forces have been
cut down gradually, and the process is
still going on. The docks are half desert
ed. The textile, cloth and printing trades
are dull almost beyond precedent. \ larg-
er proportion of men are idle in the ship
building. engineering and related trades
than for many years The situation has
been growing worse for - months, but in
September things took a much sharper
downward turn. The labor bureau of the
board of trade makes gloomy report of
the situation. The distress is sure to be
acute and widespread, and there will be
many pitiful tales to make Christmas a hol-
iday more of sorrow than of gladncss. The
cause of it all is commercial rather than
financial depression"
This is worth noting. \ Democratic
paper attributes this distress to a CONNER
cial depression, England has splendid
home market, which is open to the world.
Her imports, Of course, are enormous, and
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1892-10-21

Democratic side Of the case, says: at is
clear that the Morrill, tariff was carried in
the House before any serious expectation
of war was entertained, and it was accept
ed 10y the Senate i'm the session of 1861
without material change. II therefore
jorms no part of the .fHdncid iegisidtioD
Of the uar. which gave rise in time to a
series of measures that entirely suppressed
ed the Morrill, tariff"
TO the facts here stated the journal
adds:
Between the passage of this protective meas
ure by the House and its passage by the Senate,
Abraham Lincoln had been elected president on "a
platform which held that while providing reve
nue for the support of the government by duties
upon imports, sound policy requires such au adj
iustmeut of these mpusts as to encourage the
development Of the industrial interests of the
whole country That is. even as early as 1860
the two parties We're divided on the tautl que,
ton precisely as they are divided in ls92 The"
was not an intelligent person ia the country who
did not know that thp Democratic party under
the inspiration of the southern Shareholders stood
for a tariff for revenue only or its synonym free
trade while the Republican party stood for the
American system of protection.
We make these quotations, not only be-
cause they correct Democratic misstate-
ments, but because the present is a good
time to learn and tiX the facts OF our polit-
ical and economic history
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1892-10-21

1t is about time that the shoddy talk of
the Democrats was stopped. There is no
country in the world where the per capita
consumption of pure wool is as great as in
the United States. Take free trade Eng
land, for example, where the climate i
The consumption there is seven pounds
per capita, while in 1889 there were l25
shoddy mills, employing 1903 persons.
In the United States, however, with
some parts of the country so warm that
the people wear very little woolen clothing
except for brief season of the year, the
consumption Of pure wool is ten pounds per
capita. Moreover, with population twice
that of England, there were, in 1889, on
ly % shoddy mills here, employing 2266
persons.
Yes, this shoddy talk is played out. The
Mckinley bill placed duty of 30 cents
per pound upon shoddy and checked the
shoddy importation business. The Demo
cratic wool bill of the last house proposed
to reduce the rate to two cents per pound
practically an invitation to English shod-
dy manufacturers to sell their product here.
More shoddy means poorer clothing, and
every additional pound of shoddy means a
demand for three pounds less of unwashed
wool. The significance of the Democratic
shoddy talk is plain. 1t is simply to cover
| up the facts.