davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

orchards. Planting on large scale be-
gan eight years ago, but the "apple
craze did not assume an epidemic form
until about lSsS-s9. consequently most
OF the orchards in the great apple belt
are too young to bear. The magnificent
returns paid by those that have reached
maturity is Il constant stimulus, and the
number of trees put out each succeed
ing year increas S in Il ratio of geomet-
rical D: oyrcssion. The desire to secure
orchards now amounts to almost u
mania. and may not inaptly be COM
pared to the gold fever that once ragged
with such virulence in California. 1t is
estimated that within the past three
years l,OcO,0O0 apple trees have been
put out in Marion, Clay, Richland and
Wayne Counties, and the work may be
said 10 have just begun. Many farmers
will plant from ten to 200 acres more
next fall. The LEGAL nurseries cannot
supply the demand for trees in their inn
mediate nelghIorhood, and trees are
shippcl in by the carload from Missouri
ami Indiana nurserits.
a County of Orchards.
Clay County already has the largest
orchard area of any county in the
Union. Twenty thousand acres
and nearly l,5O0,oOO trees are the fig
urcs. The other counties i'm the apple
belt are making Il noble struggle TO keep
abreast OF the procession, and are not
tagging far behind. Wayne is good
second. 1t is safe to predict that the
orchard area of these four counties will
double during the next three years. The
orchards range in size from 10 to $50
acres. A man with less than ten acres
is not considered worthy the note of the
apple statistician. He does not appear
in the figures. Orchards of 30, so and
100 acres arc common. Nearly every
business and professional man in the
four apple counties has contracted the
orchard fever, and cast an anchor to
windward in the shape OF u few hundred
growing trees. Perhaps -tfths of
the apple orchards have not reac he'd the
bearing age, and of the remainder only
a small portion are in their prime. Yet
it is estimated that three years ago,
which was very favorable crop year,
more than $500 200 was paid out in Clay
County alone for apples. Two years
ago the crop was not SO good, yet some
$500. 900 was poured into the pockets of
Clay County apple growers. Last year.
with still less favorable crop, it Preached
the snug sum Of a quarter million dol
lars. When all the trees now planted
in the apple belt are bearing. and a good
crop finds fair prices. Northern Illinois
will probably take reef in it's patr!cian
nose when 1t refers to Egypt.
Handling the Fruit.
The fruit is usually sold in the or.
chard. sometimes on the trees, some.
times piled on the ground and sometimes
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

to use sboughten" tobacco and wear
store" shirts. Fortunes were made
out of fruit. The man with a large
peach orchard or strawberry farm was
the nabob of his community. Hay.
grain and stock We're also eX-
tensively raised, but it was ap-
parent from the first that the new
Egypt would never, like the old, become
the granary of half world. The soil
was generally good, but it was not equal
to that of the Nile valley. Peaches and
strawberries continued to be its prize
product. For the growth of these it had
no superior and scarce an equal be-
tween Cape Cod and California. But
everybody could not grow Strawberries
and peaches for the Northern market
Even the Chicago appetite, like the
Chicago foot, hath it's limits; besides,
those growers who had not u direct out
let to the land of late springs and early
autumns found berries and peaches un-
profitable, and began casting about for
new cuts to fortune. Some sections
found a fair profit in cereals, but these
We're advantages enjoyed in common
with most sections OF the Union.
An Raising Mania.
Some years ago it occurred to few
restless spirits that opllience might be
found in apple orchards, and they be-
gan to experiment Most people were
incredulous. Everybody knew that
Egypt would grow good apples. but few
supposed ii possessed peculiar advan-
tages for that industry. In some Sec
tions the experiments did not prove very
successful. but in the counties of
Marion, Clay, Wayne and Lii Inland
good results We're obtained and orchard
planting on ali extensive scale soon fol-
lowed. The pioneers of the orchard in
du=try planted many varieties. and, as
the apple tree is of slow growth, sew
eral years clapse,! before it was ascer-
tanned that the soil and climate were
especially adapted TO two or three
varieties only. Mr.. Thomas III. Low
rey is the pioneer of the orchard indus
Try OF this section. He planted the first
commercial orchard in 1866. 1t con-
sisted of thirty-two acres of various
varieties, and is still fruitful at the
good old age of twenty-siX years. Two
hundred winc-sap trees in this orchard
produced in one season 5000 bushels of
apples or an average of fifteen bushels
per tree. They sold readily at s0 cents
a bushc, or S2,4OO for the lot which
was grown on four acres. MIR. Lowrey
last season sold his apple crop, on the
trees, in the month of July, for Ss2l per
acre, the purchaser assuming not only
all risks but the expense of picking and
barreling the fruit. Two years ago he
sod his crop ior $3.50 an acre.
Four crops gathered from IL young
orchard have nettcd him be-
tween $500 and 5000 per acre
in the aggregate. Many others
who We're among tie first to plant
orchards have done equally as we'll. 1t
was such remarkable exhibits as the
above that converted the incredulous
and set everybody who cculd ces:.>,and
the wherewith to purchase Il piece of
ground and stock of trees to planting
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

fall, though many trees are PUT out in
the spring. Some planters plow the
ground thoroughly, but the usual
method is, i'll case of fall planting, to
plow only strips, five or six burrows
wide, whore the young trees are to be
placed. The best success is obtained
with l-year-old trees, though many
2-year-oids are planted. Great care is
taken to place the roots OF tho Young
trees straight and give them plenty of
mellow earth to expand i'm. One-year-
old trees are simply wcll-developed
switches. but the 2-ycar-olds are
usually "headed'-have put forth tiny
branches. Great care is taken at the
nursery to make the trees head near
the ground. tall and stately trunks be-
ing considered entirely too ornamental
to be useful. This is accomplished by
cutting off the tops of the infant trees
and stripping the buds from the stem to
the repuiret height. The trees are
usually placed thirty feet apart each
way. which allows forty eight to the acre
Some orchardists plant them 3ox.s
feet, thus securing a stand of fifty to the
acre. When the trees attain maturity
the space lc;wcen them is narrowed
down to Il foot-path. The orchards are
Years old, as this affords them the
shade thus secured is thought 10 be
beneficial To the young trees. They be-
gin To bear when abou. 4 years old, and
at the age OF IN are producing fair
crop. They do not reach the best bear
ing period until the age OF Ii. From
that age until so is regarded as the most
profitable life of Il tire ), though many be-
lieNe that, with proper carc and prun-
ing, the prolific age may be prolonged |
indefinitely. The young trees require IL
little pruning to shape them properly,
hut they are seldom toucht With shears
or knife after they begin to bear Unt.l
the age OF ID years, when III, cd
branches are thinned out, affording room
for new and vigorous growth.
Money in the BUSINESS.
Big money" actual or potential. does
not cause the people of the apple belt to
neglect little things. They guard as
carefully against waste as does the
Chicago pork packer, who is supposed
to find profit even in the curl OF IL
pigs tail. While certain that they have
discovered royal road to wealth, they
do not neglect the economical turnpike.
Every apple, big and little, is turned to
n profit, and even the parings and cores
are transmitted into yellow gold. Apples
that cannot find a market with their
Jackets on are evaporated. and thereby
become IL standard article of commerce..
\ few large growers have their own
evaporating establishments, but most
OF this work is done by independent en-
terprise. The largest evaporators are
located at Flora, in Clay County, and
at Noble, in Richland County. These
evaporators have IL capacity OF about
500 bushels per day each. Last season
the one at Flora used up 5000
bushels Of APPLES. When running
to it's full capacity it employs sew
enty hands. The cull.nss and drop
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

reth of the new world, from which no
good was expected to proceed. 1t was
sparsely settled, and land might be had
almost for the asking; twas within easy
reach of Chicago, St. Louis, and other
mighty markets; the Father of Waters
caressed it on the west, and the raging
Wabash fretted along the east, and the
sunny waters OF the Ohio sparkled on
the south. Railways pierced it, and a
sky OF Italian softness smiled upon it;
it was threaded by IL thousand small
streams, and medicinal springs, such as
Ponce dc Leon vainly sought among the
everglades and aligatcrs of Florida,
burst from its sunny bosom; but it lay
under the ban, and did not prosper or
progress. Home-seekers hurried across
it to waste their energies upon the arid
plains of Western Kansas, or wear out
their lives in. unequal battle with the
Dakota blizzard.
Finally along the line of the Illinois
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11
PRIOR to 1883 wire nails were prat

PRIOR to 1883 wire nails were prac-
tically unprotected. The tariff law
of that year, enacted by Republic
can Congress, raised the duty to 4
cents per pound. We then were de-
pendent on foreign producers, and
then only $4,000 kegs of 100 pounds
were made in this country, and the
price was S.3 cents per pound. Un-
der the increased duty the American
product steadily mounted upward un-
til it was 4,ll4,3s5 kegs in 1891,
while the price went down to 2.5
cents per pound. The Mckinley tar
iff reduced the duty to cents per
pound, and the price is now l.S cents
per pound. Wire-nail users don't
think the tariff is tax.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

the apples pass to table covered with
many sheets of some strong cloth.
This is placed where the pickers from
four trees car. throw into it. AS soon
as the table, which holds perhaps
bushel. is filed the upper cloth is re-
moved by taking it up by the four cor
ners and emptied into n barrel or pile
upon the ground, and this process is re-
peatcd until the supply of cloths on the
receiving table is exhausted. Buyers
come from st. Lonis and Chicago and
contract for the apples sometimes by
the barrel. but frequently by the lot.
AS the orchards develop it will be neces-
sary for them to take entire charge of
the gathering and barrcling. as the
amount OF labor necessary will be far
srcattr than the local supply. Tho
great bulk of the fruit is sold as soon
as it natures, or even before that
time, but some growers keep portion
of their crop for the spring market. Tho
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

ONE of the results of the reciproci-
ty established 10y the Mckinley act
has been to extend to the Southern
countries the market for American
cotton tibers. Thus we increased our
sales in Mexico last year by l.O00,-
600 yards as compared with the sales
of the preceding year. Our sales to
Cuba were enlarged by about 80 per
cent. A similar increase was made
in the cases of Porto Rico and San
Domingo. The Argentine Republic
took 100000 yards more, and Brazil
increased her purchases by about 40
per cent. The total gain for exports
of American cotton goods in that
quarter of the world amounted to
nearly 100000 yards.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

dolence of it's people. The products of
the Illinois Egypt We're popularity sup
posed. to consist principally of buck
ague, yellow dogs. 'possums, and hoop
poles; the chief occupation of the peo-
pie to be chewing plug tobacco and
swallowing quinine The inhabitants
of the modern Egypt were supposed to
be held in bondage of lazness from
which no Midianite Moses would ever
lead them-to be cropping in mental
darkness, compared to which the shad-
ows that fell upon the land of the
Pharaohs was an Italian sunset. South
ern Illinois was regarded as the Naza-
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

A great deal of II eventually finds It's
way TO foreign countries. The peelings
and cores are dried, sacked and shipped
ready re sale In sae Years ss when tHne the senerai
apple crop is light they frequently sell
for 5 cents II pound. There are several
factories in the United States that use
these dried cores and parings in the
manufacture OF iellies, but the great
bulk of it goes to Europe, and especially
to France, where it enters into many
food products and is extensively
used in the manufacture OF
wines and brandies. 1t Is said
that many of the French wines, so pop
ulM in America, and especially the
champagncs, are made from thr refuse
of American applcs-including rotten
spots and worms. Perhaps it is the
litter that gives TO French wines that
exquisite bouquet" so much aimi: ed by
American epirures. 1t would he diff
cult to imagine anything more fragrant
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11
barreled. Tho price paid ranges accord

barreled. Tho price paid ranges accord
ing to quality and the state Of the gem
eral iruit crop, from about 81. 10 to s.. 40
a barrel of three bushels each. Perhars
80 cents bushel is lair average price
for all grades and seasons. 1t is no un-
usual thing for IL tree that has reached
maturity to produce twenty bushels OF
choice fruit in u single season, and one
made record OF forty-iive bushels of
apples that sold for 80 cents bushel.
The average for all seasons will prob
ably not exceed six bushels per tree.
This, at so cents a bushel, yields $3 IL
tree, or $50 an acre, although many
orchardists insist that the average is
much higher. But granting only 500
per acre as the average, the profit is suf-
iieiently great TO make orchards a gilt
edge investment, as the expense ncces-
sary TO keep grown orchard in condi-
tion and pile the fruit is very small, and
land is cheap.
Most OF the planting is done in the
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

than suck of apple parinss that had
been bleached AMI dried. They certainly
seem sool enough to become the basis
OF the best champagne. a great many
tons OF this fruit refuse are shipped am
nually from Richland and Clay Coun-
ties, netting a very pretty sum. The
evaporated fruit of this section is re-
sardcd as being equal TO any known to
the trade. More than SsO,0Oo worth of
cvaporated fruit was shipped from Flora
alone last year. The evaporatols usually
begin operations about the middle Of
July and run day and night, and Sum
days, until November /. Some vinegar
and cider is produced, but evaporated
fruit is conceded to be the most profit
table way of working up the cullings.
Winter apples are picked in October,
and everybody is expected to assist ut
the ceremony. AS the trees branch low
fully two-thirls of the crop can be
picked while the operators stand on tho
ground. To prevent bruising IL large
hopper is maze of strong muslin, with
an op ming at the bottom through which
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11
So FAR as my observation extend

So FAR as my observation extends,
there is a steady growth of confidence
all along the Republican lines. The
belief of the party in its ability to
rc-clcct Mr.. Harrison rests largely
upon the theory that the recall of
the Democratic party to any share in
the administration of Federal affairs
would mean turmoil and disturbance.
The Cleveland platform is menace
to the wise, safe, and useful national
banking system. Importers, mer-
chants, and manufacturers have ad-
justed themselves to the existing tar
if law, and while it is true that a
Republican Senate stands as barrier
between the country and any revolu-
ttonary legislation for the next four
years, the business interests Of the
country must naturally array them
selves against party which appeals
in a season Of prosperity and peace
for restoration upon q promise to
rip things. Col. Cockerill, in the
New York Herald.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

THE Indianapolis News has dis
covered at last that the American tin
plate-works at Elwood have large
and costly plant and are manufact-
uring tin-plate at the rate of $500
boxes, or six car loads, per week. 1t
has also discovered That 75 per cent.
of the men employed in the works
"arc skilled laborcrs, who are paid
none less than $3.50 and none more
than $40 per day." The world moves.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11
READY FOR HARVEST.

pings are bought by weight, the price
paid ranging from 4O cents to 20 cents
per 100 pounds. or 20 cents to 35 cents a
bushel. A great many thousands of
dollars are annually paid out for fruit
that, but for the evaporators, would be
utterly worthless. and would be allowed
to rot In the orchards. The fruit is first
pared and cored by machines operated
by girls. 1t is then subjected to a
bleaching process, which consists OF the
smoke Of burning sulphur. It comes
out almost as white as a sheet Of note
paper, and then goes to the slicing ma.
chimes, after which 1t passes into the
driers. where 1t subjected for an hour or
more to q temperature of 22O degrees
Fahrenheit. 1t Is then ready for boxing.
The chief markets for the product Of the
evaporators are st. Louis aud Chicago,
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

fruit, where so kept, Is stored in What
are called cold storage houses, being
simply buildings where, by means Of
double walls and sawdust filing. an
equable temperature is maintained.
Some Of the fruit grown in this section
has been shipped. via Chicago and st.
Louis. to Europe and South America.
The orchards present beautiful ap-
pearance in the spring when in full
bloom, and again in the autumn when
laden with the luscious fruit. Many
trees are so covered with bloom in May
as to resemble pyramids of snow, and
so heavily laden with fruit in October
that. at q little distance. they seem
solid mounds Of apples. the leaves and
limbs being scarce visible. 80 cloeelv
do the great red globes crowd upon
each other.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

AND now the Democrats-afraid-of-
thcir-taritl-plank are declaring that
the free trade resolution would never
have been adopted if it had not been
for the bowling mob of spectators
who overawcd and influenced the DEL
egates against their better Judgment
This may do to tell to unsophisticatcd
Democrats. but it will not do to mem
tion in the presence of Henry Wat
terson. Henry knows it was the
sense of the meeting"
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

CR1NG the thirty-six years of Re-
p, ican rule in Illinois, not a dollar
ha peen stolen from the public treas
III and not Il citizen has been de-
pr,yed of any legal right. The pco-
pie of that State are surely wise
enc gh to continue this admirable
con ition of things by giving de-
cisi majority against the party that
the have so long kept outside of the
breastworks.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

SENATOR ALLISON puts an effective
quietus upon the calamity-howlers
who are claiming that the United
States is on the verge of bankruptcy
because, as they allcge, the treasury
is empty. Mr.. Allison says that "if
every dollar appropriated should be
expended within the year there will
be an excess over expenditures"
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

EACH dollar Of the cotton manu-
facturer's wealth represents from Is
to 20 yards of sheeting or calico de-
livered. Each dollar of the miller
represents 40 pounds, or more, of
flour for the hungry. Each dollar of
the sugar retiner and dealer repre-
sents 90 pounds of sugar for human
ity. But the Donnelly demagoguc
looks upon the accumulations of
these men as swreckage," and ex-
claims, "Every dollar represents
disastc,."
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11
SENATOR HILL, in his Brookl

SENATOR HILL, in his Brooklyn
speech, declared "the Democratic
party desires free, honest and fair
elections everywhere. 1t desires
them, he continued, mot merely be-
cause they would inure to its benefit,
but upon the unseltish and high
ground that they are essential to the
preservation of our free institutions.
AS the champion of free, honest and
fair elections in the South, the Dem
ocratic party has not been Il bowling
success
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11
LOOK at the figures, all from Den

Look at the figures, all from Dem
ocratic sources, bearing reluctant
testimony to the prosperity of the
State of New York under protection:
Increased wages, 1sal-9o .........s s G,377, ,9a5
Increased product. 1sl1-9. .......... 81 ,3l5 $50
Increased savings bank deposits, 1881
Increased value assessed property. >. .449,.71 $40
Here are figures that make the
most effective campaign documents.
They are furnished by Democratic
officials, and they emphatically refute
every claim of the free trade calamity
shouters.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11
Central Railway the culture of small
fruits and berries WAS hepun in n small |
TREE PLANTING.

Central Hallway tho culture Of small
fruits and berries was begun in small
way. It proved quite profitable, and q
new era dawned upon Egypt. Hand
some towns sprang up and fourished.
Industrious immigrants came pouring
In, who planted peach orchards and set
out strawberry beds OF many acres.
Carload lots OF the luscious products
began to find their way to the Northern
markets, and soon great fruit and berry
trains. consisting Of several sections,
were rolling northward. and the return
stream Of money and merchandise
brought comfort and higher culture.
The 'possum and his improvident pur.
suer began to disappear. The natives
caught the spirit Of progress and began
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

WHEN the Democratic orators ask
hat has become of the surplus that
xisted at the time of Cleveland's re-
rement from the Presidency, the
.'swer is to be found in the fact
nat the present administration has
paid off s259,ooO,ooo of the public
a ,ht.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

INDIANA has Peck whose name
is Peelle-a Democratic State Statis-
tician-and his frankness is doing
his party decided damage. He gives
figures showing, for instance, that
th6 average esrninGs Of labor in that
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

THE Democrats who have been ask
:. for instances in which wages have
b. increased since the Mckinley
y went into operation have been
mptly accommodated by the Labor
+, nmissioners of several States,
", D,nocratic as we'll as Republicans.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

PRESIDENT HARRISON does not go
out of his way to talk about "con-
sccration" and awful sense of re-
sponsibility," but he discharges his
duty honestly, ably and fearlessly
none the less.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

DEAD men tell no tales, but all the
Republican postmastcrs whose official
heads Candidate Stevenson chopped
off will be at the polls on election
.J,,,
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

IT was a bad break for Adlai
when he said, just after the assassi-
nation, that he was glad Lincoln
had peen shot. This utterance will
hurt him more in Illinois than all
lc rest of his Copperhead record.
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

SOME one maliciously suggests that
Benjamin Harrison can make an ele-
CANT and taking speech while Grover
Cleveland is hunting up the encyclo-
y,odio
Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1892-11-11

TIE problem now with the Demo-
Gratis is not to carry Massachusetts
or Iowa. but to hold New Jersey and
Connecticut.