The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-08-07
xorns ON SCIENCE AND IyDusrsr

Two OF the most powerful hydraulic rivet-
Ing machines known havo been constructed
mt Chester. Pa. being intended for a work.
ing pressure OF 1900 hounds to tho
square inch. to DO used foi driving riyets
up to one and n half inch diameter. with
pressure OF l25 tons on tho rivet. and
pressure 81 twenty-five tons, on tho
being driven. The machines are 10 feet d
inches In tho throat. and arc capable oil max.
plates vasyinE from three fourths to ono and :
hait inch Thick. and " TO- sixteen fest
fence. Tho features Of the machine are The
pars. the internal mechanism being such that
II can all he taken apart or put together again
can DO performed In the space Of forty-iIvc
minutes MIN The cranes over the e., mashine lIft
by n water pressure OF fifteen hundred pounds.
and tho transverse and trolley movem enta are
s he The
riyeting machines.
The influence OF steam upon magnets has
been made tho subject OF some interesting
and really important investigations by Ger
man chemist 1t was found on heating them
for some time in steam that they lost from
% to 81 per cent. Of their power. and II they
wero then remagnetized and again subjected
to the 81 GSH Of thu there rss sh
periments Il was concluded that after such
treatment the magnets would be less liable to
well as heat Upon testing this Theory Il
was va. found to be borne ont by the facts.
jected t. nity blows both. transyerssiy and
there was exhibited but Slight loss II f mag.
netism. and repeated blows failed to ipcrease
Of the showing made by these experiments. il
Is claimed that repeated steaming and rcmag-
manent magnetism In hard steel.
An important deeideratum. an anti-friction
material for journal bearings. is believed to
be realized in the new substance known AZ
fibre graphite In the manufacture OF this
material hardwood fibre is reduced to a pulp.
graphite is then added in a powdered state,
and this mixture Is taken to mould. which
q very small holes in the bottom. The wood
water Is added and hydraSiie pressure 'a ap
piled; the pressure ss causes the water TO es-
pendicular position and as the wood fibre
latter .nf is 6etween r.:
hbres which are themselves coated with
81 ai rsfq . ean rs be p an
density. making It capable Of .stAMnding any
the Gne od tho 0sa it. IN wn @
Alter being removed from the mould 1t Is dried
hs ass operatea
ssfns ss ss te sss tSs:
vantage being the doing away with oil
NEW method Of teaching in tho treatment
OF copper ores has attracted considerable at
tention for it's simplicity and efficiency. 40
iirn &c, <hno t. ~
dumped into a vat having a hole bored down
through it's base: the prepared solution-from
onehalf to ono per cent. cyanide and water-is
then poured upon It. the LIQUID percolating
which leads into another vat In the trough Il
h into Sn vat;
soa IN ea Sa ya and after it is .
The special point, in this method consists in
tho procipitant-the zinc shavings.
Iron or steel plates are now coated with
nearly pure lead. the process being one that
has no diminishing effect on the ductility or
strength Of the iron. that plate may DO
bent and closed and opened again without
cracking the opening. The material to DO
Ave baths. the first Of these being piesie.
through which a weak current Of electricity
the Of the metal the eiectricty Ss s reS
~ expediting this result: the second bath is
s wse1 tie sath % eeaT xs the 1 aSs
next me- path is IN neHtral solution OF zinc and
s anms The drying which
deposit Of the mixed metallic chiorides. which
protects tho plates from oxidation: The next
tho last bath. namely. Of molten lead. and on
beingtaken from this the metal is found to be-
though thin. is uniformly spread.
In the Anma1en der photographic Herr steen
states that his observations OF air pressure
during total solar eclipse reveal an influence
OF the latter phenomenon on the former. He
studied the eclipse OF August. 1885. in this
respect. using the records. at intervals of
quarter Of an hour. OF fourteen Norwegian
ships IhEaS between 3e Panama and Madagascar; Of
least four others quite close to ii. Having
first eliminated the daily period Of air pressure
means and found both These s sn ana f the
lndlvidual records to reveal two maximum OF
s shst in By he totspI
t te sec1 I, sG9 hours and fifteen minutes after
The tie first was twenty-five minutes before and
aes fn me one and foxy
wave. steen. remarks that during q solar
t eGps ep gay is tehnnEGd T. night
where the twilight is but short: that is. thc;
81 ait 1T R haS hsos Yms
sunset. and minimum about r. M shortly
AFTER sunrise, while second maximum ap-
che composition Of Pennsylvania anthracite
Goals has been made the subject Of m ost OK.
h9ustive analysis by Mr.. McCrenth. a we'll.
known chemist connected with the geological
survey OF that State. The specimens. which
wore obtained from mines regarded By most
consumers as producing coals OF eoual vaiua
we're collected from one hundred to two hun.
ared tons OF coa; ms 1t was ready to be shipped
TO market. tho amount collected IN
each :, case for analysis ranging from
one hundred to, two hundred pounds.
reduced by the ordinary methods en-.
nloy.d In snmplng mineral products for auan.
titntive and qualitative analysis. From the
table OF averages given. it appears that the
maxi mum OF fixed carbon obtained in any one
spec men was ~ 2 10 per cent. as against 90
TO ~ per cent. as has frequently been reported
by different authorities: and the minimum OF