New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-05-15

chinery OF fraud most commonly pIactised was some
what as follows According to the statute OF 1so2 q
resident Chnaman armed with the proper certificate
could return to China with the privilege OF coming back
the United states. 1t the duty OF the Collector
Of the Port at San Francisco 10 determine the identity
OF the incoming Chinaman who might have bought his
passport The difficulty in any case OF distinguishing
one from another, and the ease Of Initiating body
marks, would make the duty Of the nqusltor in any
case difficult. Even when the Collector was positive
that the person had 1tc the offered certificate
the courts Interviewed and habeas corpus proceed
ings frequently affirmed that the certificate was IN
the hands OF the genuine owner. 1t was e'tiia'eu
that in this way many thousands obtained fraudulent
admission to the country. Congress was deluged WIN
complaint, and petitions TO takc efficient action
in curing evil which seemed to become worse not
better. Early IN 1856 diplomatic negotiation was
begun In Pehin for fresh treaty by the American
Minister, and in August OF that year the Chinese
Foreign Office proposed to establish pronbitory sys-
tenn foblddlng under severe penalties the emigration
Of labocr, from the Empire, and extending the same
veto 70 such might return 10 China from the lhten
statc' The Imperial Government thus proposed 10
take the burden OF prevention its own shoulders
0i al least to share 1t with this country. AteT
cngthene discussion between the two Governmcnb
through their respective Ministers treaty was signed
between China and the United states by the plenl-
potcntiaries at Washington on March II, looo, EN-
bodying the above named obligation to act in co
operation with American Views and the previously
expressed determination Of China TO prevent all further
emigration.
The confirmation of the Senate was accompanied by
two amendments, which were approved by tho chinese
Minister and tecgraphcd 70 Pekin for the assent OF
the Imperial Foreign ONCE, the original treaty having
been already Transmitted. While the result wa, pend
Ing the bill known the scott bill was introduced III
the House OF Representatives on september D. Ihe
provisions are very brief and 1t, csclria CLAUSES are
given verbatim:
Re 1t enacted etc. That from and atar the passage u
this act 1t shall be unlawful for any ,hiho'e apoIcr
who shall at any time heretofore have ben or may
now or hereafter he. resident "ltIhn the hl,ci
states. and who shall have departed or snail depart
hcrcrom. and shall not have ned before the pas
sage Of this act to return or to remain IN the ,ntl
and jth sections Of the act TO which this Is supple
mcnt shall hereafter be Issued ana every ce,tlncae
heretofore issued In pursuance thereof duly declared
void and Of effect and the Chinese aborcr claim
ing admission by virtue thereof shall not be permitted
b. enter the United states.
The effect Of this bill WAS prevent all further imml
grafton. though technically 1t only provided aeaInt
the return b the United states Of such Cinnamon as
NAV have gone back 10 China. The awkward feature
that IT sought to be passed while treaty
pending which fully met the situation; and further
that 1t was suspected at the time that the treaty
would not become fat accomplL This fact Of It's
anlmus emphasized 10y senator sherman In debate.
lie ,tigmatized the bill departure from the uage
Of all civilized nations, and said that If Great Britain
should act TO the United states he should favor
Intercourse or war. No man. said the ohio >ena-
tor. believes thar the House OF Representatives would
have passed this bill except upon the suppo9ion that
the treaty had been rejected by China. . Early
In the debate | said that my action and my neglect
To make the motion to refer the bill to the Commute"
Foreign Relations We're based on the idea that
! then assumed 90 IL accurate aud correct that
tie President Of the United rtatc, had Information
that this treaty would be- ratified and therefore that
TIE Congress Of the United states would be at liberty
to proceed On that basis. Proceeding on that basis
! willing that Congress should boy law pat an emf
to this whole system ~ Chinese imnii grafton. Eut
since that ume The condition has changed. We are I'm
formed officially ~ the President oi the United states
that this treaty Is 'till under consideration We arr
ter now OH the way to th, country for the purpo,e
Of either conveying Ia intelligence that It has been
ratified or that II has got been ratified.
Tho bill. IN view Of the ,0undcr feeling, 81 inter
national Justice whirh aroused. kept back
10 await further dcsclopment. II dd not reach the
the Chimes" Government Lad refused to r,iif, the
treaty. and promptly signed OF, october Mr. Clevc
and In hl. rasons for Signature called to mind the fact
believe that her Government would co op"rat. with rs
in enforcing the exclusion If chinese laborcrs from I'm,
country. The refusal 81 that country to Ou its
~ H. r"nrrssniiatiye in o@cor,"nr" tbcrrvit mlIy
justified the Uni ed states In cfcctng the same object
without regard TO international agreement. by action
Of congcss. Mr.. Cleveland however urged that there
nll Indemnity for all Losses and nju1", sustained by
Chimes" subjects through mob or Other esnl Violence
had been provided for In the futile treaty.
The course 81 United state, lcgi la'iOn rs to the
Chinese. mp To this point. may be briefly summarized
J. The Burlingamc treaty 81 laos gave them IN
limited right Of immigration and all privileges shared
by the mos. favored nation
=. The revised treaty Of 1--o conceded. on the
part 81 China. TO the United states the light w.
uli" suspend the Immigration Of laborcrs for a
term 81 ycur> but MOI 10 prohibit II.
. The Exclusion bill Of I-72 acting in accordance
with the provisions ~ the treaty, fixed the period Of
ten year. suspension II T. furthermore provided for
system u rrdstra'ion aud descriptive" '"riiica'cN.
whereby Chinese lahore, who had already resided In
this country could rvtln from visit to China on
being Identified rs the proper persons
T. The scott bill ~ i--7 absolutely revoked IN"
privilege II leaving the country. except for good by
abolishing the whole certificate system. 80 that IN"
returning resident II he laborcr. put on tho
same footing fresh immigrant, l. G., one not en-
Titled 10 residence.
Bringing the matter down 10 IN" present time. 10
viii BE- that the operation ~ the bill, OF l--2 and
l--- would have expired on May Of this year. y
new bill was passed MAY g. and signed hy Prcsl
dent Harrison the div This act carries 10
strlctve legislation further 'haa before lis essen
tal feature l. that Il Obligrs Chinese lHhO"r
legally here 10 Obtain from the Collector Of Internal
Ecvenuc 81 his district certificate Of residence within
Of the time of the passage ~ the bill-Such
certificate A. he wls only Obliged. 10y the bill OF 49,
- procure In "A temporary absence. The failure
10 procure such a certificate within the prescribed lin"
l. made legal proof ~ Illegal residence and mprSon
and deportation follow. only by reason of acct
II least credible white witness is court ON
powered to excuse ailnr" ~ obtain what senator
sherman calls Chnaman's ticket Of leave Within
the stipulated period. The full text Of the bill has
the above Is understood 10 be its and substance.
New York. May 10. 1907 +.
TWO SCHOOLS or MUSIC.