The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-01-03

that no ono at the time condemned IL any more
than the neighbors OF Washington condemned
him for owning slaves. The great measure OF
Catholic emancipation was only carried IN
1782.03 by Castle influence: that 10. by direct
or indirect corruption through reluctant
Protestant Parliament. Had Lord Fitzwilliam
been allowed to carry through the further
concessions that he desired. he could only
have done It by the same means. The Irish
executive was appointed In England solely
with reference to English considerations.
and any measure which 1t wished to pass
had to be made the subject OF sep.
arato negotiation with tho lenders OF
the Irish legislature. These were gen.
orally recalcitrant In proportion to their
rover. and had to be purchased accordingly.
Thcre were In reality no constituencies for tho
Government to appeal to. As out OF the 300
members Of the Irish House Of Commons 124
were nominated by SO peers. and "a by 80
commoners. it was with the owners OF the
constituencies that tho Government had to
deal. Corruption. then. being the everyday
life and atmosphere OF Irish politics. was 1t
not better. asks Lord Rosebery. that this sys-
TEN should end? Even II this question BIO
answered In the Affirmative there remains a
second inquiry. whether tho rotten system OF
government by bribery might not have been
replaced by something better than the Act OF
Union? That 1t could seems clear enough to
Lord Rosebery. as IL does to Mr. Gladstone.
but the former is by no means certain that
his judgment would have been the same
had he been living in Pitts time. The
British Government was engaged In q duel to
the death with France. Thrice had its enemy
invaded ireland. and an invasion Of England
was believed to DO inevitable. In so appalling
a crisis It was admitted by all parties that
new arrangement Of some kind must DO
formed for Ireland. Grattnn himself had
tacitly given UP his own Parliament rs hope
less and encouraged the discussion OF Irish
affairs In the British legislature. What Won
der. then, II from the natural tendency to
draw closer and closer yet in the presence OF
danger. mems minds should have turned
10 the idea OF Union? During o campaign
even q single Parliament had sometimes
seemed superiuity: might not a second
prove source OF peril2 What would hap
pen II in war. as in the Regency question. tho
British Parliament should take ono line
and the Irish Parliament the other?
Should. however. they become united. 1t
would be safe. In Wow OF the overwhelm-
ing Protestant majority In Great Britain.
to give concessions, that otherwise would BIO
impossible. to the overwhelming Catholic
majority In Ireland. Pitts own mind was set
on Catholic relief and ON free trade between
Great Britain and Ireland. but neither the re-
moval OF Catholic disability nor internal free
trade would have had a chance OF acceptance
in England 80 long as such concessions were
to be made to the independent Parliament OF
hostile nation. Above oil was tho considera.
ton that In the presence OF French hostility
the subjects Of George I'LL needed to face the
world with unitod front. with single Parlia-
j~l> H. a. nf lrx,a tf1y md
stability would DO in an incalculable majority
1t is also pointed out by Lord Rosebery that
Pitt never thought. as some OF his successors
seem to have imagined. that the Union
could stand alone. He considered 1t as only
q part. and not even the most important part,
of a great healing policy in Ireland. and that
the other part should DO applied almost If not
quite simultaneously. Inseparable constitu-
ents OF his scheme were the removal OF the last
limitations OF the rights OF Catholics. tho be-
stowal OF stlpends upon other clergy than
those OF the established Catholic Church. and
the abolition OF tithes. Who will say. asks
Lord Rosebery. that followed UP by large.
spontaneous. and Simultaneous concessions Of
this kind the policy OF the Union might
not have been success? The word
Union" wrote Pitts Lord Lieutenant as he was
passing the measure. will not cure ths evils
of this wretched country: 1t Is n necessary
preliminary but great deal more remains to
be done" That was Pitts view. But on this
necessary preliminary. or foundation. sue
ceeding Ministries reared structures he had
never contemplated. or no structure at all. He
passed the Union with one object: 1t has been
diverted to another. There was indeed curse
upon it: 1t drove its very author from office In
the plcnitude OF his authority. and all that
man could do was done to obliterate the rest
OF Pitts programme AddinGton's Irish ex-
ecutiva went over with express In
structiors to do nothing for the Catholics
and nothing for the Disorders. but to push
and promote the Established Church In every
way. Catholic emancipation waited for thirty.
and 1.-THE reform for nearly forty. embittered
and envenomed years. The time for ecclesins-
teal stipends to be conferred by the State on
the clergy Of all denominations passed away
forever. Thus it came to be Pitts hard lot to
be Judged by the petty and misleading frag-
ment OF capacious policy which he did not
live to carry out: policy unhappy in execu.
ton and result, but which, in Lord Rosebery's
opinion. was as generous and comprehensive
in conception as it was patriotic in intention.
In concluding cha pte. Lord Rosebery avails
himself OF the extant biographical materials to
throw light upon Pitts personal character and
private life. There is some conflict Of testi-
mony ~ regards the impression which he
made In country house society. A hixh-born
spinster. Miss Wynn. who met him at Drop.
more. says: Il was disappointed in that
tnrned-up nose and In that countenance IN
which 1t was impossible to find any indication
of mind. and in that person which was sc
deficient in dignity that he had hardly the al.
OF n Gentienisn. II not tropes. I fully expected
dictums OF wisdom each time that he opaued
his mouth" Miss Wynn goes ON TO tell ls tina
her rest WAS destroyed one evening BY the un.
earthly howls uttered by Pitt and other assem-
bicd statesmen while chasing u bird
out Of the drawing room. Sir VII
liam Napier. who. AS Il young Ensign. first
know Pitt in 1904. has recouuted IL romp In the
course Of which he and the young stanhop"t
and Lady Hester succeeded in backing the
Prime Minister'S face with u burnt cork. The
struggle was interrupted by tho arrival d
Hawkesbury and Castierengh. and Napier
graphically records the change that came oysi
their pluy yellow as Ls received them: The
tall. uDgaiDly. bDpy Azure seemed " grow u
the ceiling" while the Secretaries u STATE
bent like wilows before him. IN the nbscncg
of such evidence few would haze suspected
Of ,t..I a., ha