The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-01-10
NOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDusrBr

NOTES ON SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.
In the interesting discussion. pro and con.
as to the merits OF manganese steel. an in.
stance is given by Mr.. Homo. the wcll.knoSn
engineer. OF rigidty under shock Of man.
ganese steel car axle compared with a special
carbon steel axle. Each was struck repeated.
ly by u 2.0T5-pound ram while resting
on supports three feet apart. and each was re-.
vcrsed after every blow. in the usual way.
Tho manganese stool axle received up to ,he
ty.tRrce per cent. more energy linn those p re-.
ceiyod by the carbon steel axle. yet the total
tSn o. ., the Ts very %h
th at Of SHOCK
steel block, 6edded, II tho ground. from grad.
was done with an American chilled cast-iron
wheel md some first.elnss carbon, steel
worE done on the manganese steel Wheel y w as
100 foot tons, or twice - much i as In tho case
nese steel wheels under one.h horse tram car
on an English road were returned nfter, run.
cars is very trying as the brakes are SO often
applied and MS 80 much sand or other gritty
A new system Is proposed for manufacturing
boards. slabs or plates-aprlicable in especial
to tho usual building requirements in respect
to wall and ceiling Innings or coverings. 10.
Each board or plate is for this purpose com.
posed ns follows: A largo number Of snail
tubes. either specially made Of paper or vcgs.
table stalks. are uniformly distributed. 80
semiIlduid mass which is subsequently
east II; tbs plastt, mnss consists z
as burned gypsum, cement Or lime. and
finely reduced substances OF organic orign,
TEaso as ms s~ ell sSsa T SS ssnddS nY
lidity by the addition Of u liquid binding sub.
stance. such rs. IS glue water; or n m,x,nse q
Occurred by nifty parts Of gypsum. cement or
WOOL hair or enfhers eA sndn din o sSbstnnc.
ono part ulum. vitriol. and soluble glass.
mine manager in Nevada claims to have
invonted a gun of remarkably rapid firing ca.
pacity. tho implement having a Winchester
barrel and stock. with n I5-repenting maya.
zine in the stock. 1t is q trifle heavier than
the ordinary Winchester. but its great fcnture.
as claimed. Is that the whole fifteen shots may
be fired in ono second. u statement which las
been fully realized in practice. The shells are
gun Is as clean as though only single ear
n Ss FW OF wa s
The ineoneeiyably rapid working q the gun IN
SIMPLICITY ali that tho man ' VIII" does Ms'' the
shooting has to do Is to i'll the chamber with
as many times as he means to shoot: the gun
is accurate at short or long range.
Concerning some OF the most Important
points in engineering construction. not lit
tie difference OF opinion still exists among
equally practical and competent authorities,
but In more and moro OF the essentials this
diversity OF judgment is disappearing. Thus.
basng its conclusions upon returns from the
principal locomotive building shops In tile
United States. aside from the railroad shops,
stay ana Eoipairo boilers built. ths RaToaa
Pa m IL. f sSn %ssIs s F SSs5 a:
1t is stated That there is yet to be recorded
the first instance Ct one Of these boilers e1:
the stays, but there are number Of cases on
record where explosions have occurred as a
would have been; 1t is asserted explosions in
these these f {; sS with probably more disastrous
pears that during the year ending June last
there, were built at the Rhode Island Locomo-
tive Works one Of the best known In the eoun-
With radial stays and six with tho Bslpairs
box-said to be q fair yearly average OF the
The construction Of an INN ense microscope
at Munich is announced. intended for pro-
jecting images upon q screen. and electricity
is used not only for producing the necessary
light but for regulating the FOCUS. centring
the specimen to be examined. and cooling the
apparatus. The heating OF the instrument BY
OF 1l.OOU candle ,power-sets up disturbing
currents OF air. deranges tho focus by ex-
ably, a small copper cylinder. filled with
liquid sarbonic acid. under q pressure Of
fSous e ssGun Nth to re s4sssopl ne
down drop oi the acid in .ilnc spray over tho
he heats: the LIQUID immediatcly eyarora:.s.
producing ;ti intense cold md reducing th9
tempernture. The magnify Ing power Of the
Instrument can scarcely be imagined that is.
to the enormous extent Of some il .U0t dinm me-
tiers under ordinary conditions Of application.
Sas 6y 81 5mpe Of the Lenses in
used. with the capacity to magnify $1,000
diameters.
A considerable partially has for some limo
been shown by English builders for the in.
verted triple-expnnsion. self-condensins ma
rine engine. In the most popular typo OF this
enginethe three cylinders high. intermediate.
and low PRESSURE are all boltcd to and carried
on cast-iron columns: tho high and inter-
mediate cylinders have hard. cust-iron liners.
u
typo working in a separat" liner: and an urdi-
nary double;Iorte slide VA Va does servir" ~
the intermediate cylinder. tho valve Of wh'h
ts cast separately and secured by rountersunk
screw pins. The low pressure cylinder has II"
liner. and is made Of hard. close grained cast
iron. with face Of slide valve separate. and Is
secured after the manner Of the inter;
mediate pressure fnc". having tho usual
q hollow bottom. which is cast with
the bodies. and the piston-rod stun!ng boxes
and secured by. bolts. The top covers aud ll,-
tons consist Of hollow castings and in the
cases OF the high and Intermediate pressure
are fitted with Eamsbot,o n rings. whiIct4"
low pressure has tn. Lockwood < Curlis,
are Of the best hnmmercd scrap. are carried
through brass bushes in th" ton covers and
run to tnpcring end to which the piston Is Sc
cured BY means Of nuts and locks tn" cross
heads are separate forgIngs, are fitted each
with m adjustable cast-iron u ipprrwI'h wilt"
metal lining. and ARE secured I , .hu talrIiA.
end OF the piston rod by n nut.
hn of -