davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02
AFINE HISTORY OF INDIANA
1.-THE SENTINEusp GREAT PREMIUM
FOR 1892.
What Ex-President Cleveland and Senators
Voorhees, and Turpie Say of IL.
SIC MADIsON-AvE.,

New YORK, Nov. 3, 1891. !
Ny DEAR Mr.. MoRss-Please accept
my thanks for the "History of Indiana"
which you kindly sent me.
The examination l have been able to
give it is sufficient to justify me in ex-
pressing the opinion that it contains a
great amount of historical information
presented to the reader in most pleasant
way.
/ do not see why it should not prove
itself a very useful book Yours truly,
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

DEAR f. J.. G. FRTENDs-It has been a
long time since have asked room on the
page. Not, however. because have lost
all interest in the club. but because have
been very busy. When / stop and think
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

my poetry. I will wait until "Trixy,"
grows up and see what she thinks over
the matter Ia "a. EVENING STAR"
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

When Baby was SICK we gave her Castoria-
When she was Child. she cried for Castoria-
When she became Miss, she chung 20 Castoria-
Tben she bad Children. she gave them CassoFia
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

Did it ever occur to you to take Hoods
Sarsaparilla, the best spring medicine
Try a bottle this season. 1t will do you
good.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02
"Mr.. Iyinslow.. seothine srrnp.

Has been used over Fifty Years by
millions of mothers for their children
while Teething, with perfect success 1t
soothes the child. softens the Gums,
allays Pain, cures Wind Colo and is the
best remedy for Diarrhoea. Sold by
druggists in every part of the world. %
cents bottle.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02
READ OUR SPECIAL OFFER
To Readers of State Sentinel

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The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

a
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o Upper no Abyd Ma of
ma
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

Presidents
|
died il Presto
the political each The States United States and the
railroads How Political
Complete History of Government by Administrations Political
Parties and Congresses from Washington to Harrison
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02
SEND US 10 CENTS

THOMAS p. SIMPSON, Wash
~ I'm - ington, ID. q. No atty's fee
a LII ~ I'll patent obtained. Write for
Inventors Guide.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02
AGENTS. REPORTS.

Received sample; sold maps first hour"
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The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02
INDORSEM ENTS.

BENSON J. LossINe, IL D.. Historians Like
concave mirror it reflects 10 a single focus epit
ONE of the essential elements OF our national his
tory showing clearly at glance the progress OF the
nation from its infancy to its present period of
turity."
A. r. SPoFFoRD, Librarian OF Congress: THE
work may fairly be termed Breviary of American
Politics"
Hon. S. J. RANDALL: tTndispensable to q ready
understanding OF the history Of the parties"
DR.. /. L HAYES Historian: "You have given the
desired information in such form that he who runs
MAJ read and read quickly"
Hon. s. S. Cox: "Only one work is comparable
with 1.-THE Statistical Atlas by the Government
and 10 say this is high eulogy."
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

and is the
published
These
BY
should be school, well
This GREAT DOUBLE
The Money VIII Be Refunded perfectly satisfied after
d
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1892-03-02

A Double Wall Map feet inches by feet 10 inches
bottom, ready to hang.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

1t was the belief of Burnside, Franklin
Hooker and other generals that somebody in
the quar- or engineers department
or higher up. had Numbered The pontoons
did not reach Falmouth until the 18th, by which
date Lees whole army was on the Fredericks-
burg front. This delay caused the miscarriage
of the essential part of the operation and how
ever much denied, the blame evidently lies
between Gems. Halleck and Woodbury.. Part Of
the pontoon train arrived in Washington on the
14th anc all by noon of the 18th. The roads
were then good. Here, after consultation with
Haleck. they were stopped by Woodbury. and
ordered into park at Anacostia. But for this
stoppage they would have reached Falmouth in
time for Burnsides purpose. They we're not
started until the 18th. just as heavy rain storm
set in.
Ha leck tries to shift the responsibility for
this failure upon Burnside, but the record
makes a lame case OF his effort Burnside's not
taking advantage of the fords as he doubtless
ought, whatever his reason, neither explains
nor condones the neglect of those in authority
at Washington to push forward the pontoons.
CROSSING THE RIVER.
Burnside made no decisive movement after
this failure until December IL, on which day he
threw five or six pontoon bridges over the river
at different points, bold and brilllant opera
ton. strong force Of infantry crossed that
night, and on the 18th the bulk of the army
passed over to the south side. occupying four
miles of the river front and the town. Gen.
Franklin states that conference Of generals
unanimously agreed that il possible this cross
ing should be effected, no matterswhst hap
pened afterward. The confederates held q
strongly fortified Line along the high ridge run
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
slzzEzzz.sz.sa..-sz.z..s--sslS -
- = II.
RECEIVING sUFrL1rs At BELLE TLAIc

He met every complaint Of his unaccCuntable
DELAYS vlth rrst one excuse and then another.
Il am using every possible exertion to get this
army ready to move Cannot | have some
of the new regimentsy" Il ought TO have the
troops IN front Of Washington" viii YOU
send tG. drafted men 20 MI up nv old reCi-
meut-." The ouony's cavalry have raided
around this army" i need more cavalry"
.-h5.-l= coming in slowly" &c. &c. repe-
titfan o. the unvarying. hopeless vail heard
from tH.s .4u1nder IN the peniusular days.
l.: 10 Sins very moment he had the largest and
best equipped army. most powerful artillery
and CONG lat--t transportation service that ever
fell 10 sc-uulud Of an American general.
No wonder l.r Lincoln became impatient.
lie knew that Mcclellan at this time was strong
enough o. UyerwLcim Lee. Gen. Hailcck
wrote oct .hcr Z: The country Is very impatient
at the want Of activity OF your army: We must
move on On the l4th the President ironic-
ally Suggested 10 Mcclellan that '.if the enemy
had ly-e occupation south of the river his
cavalry would EJT be so likely 10 make raids
north 1f it, Ten day, later. still wondering
1Ir. Lincoln teleCraphs: Il have read your dis
patch about sOro-tou-Uel and fatiEued horses.
Viii yCG pardon me for asking what the horses
Of yUUT army have done since the battle OF An
tistam taat fatirues auythiug!'
Oetgtrr - patience seems 10 have ceased TO
be "a virtue. The President teleCraphed: And
now ] ask a distinct answer 10 the que-tion-is
il your purpose not 10 go into action again
until the men now l-lu- draft ! N the states
are incorporated In tie Old rc-lACuts.' This
was SIX vel Ks after the battle; when that tc.e-
gram was pcuuci NctICllau's army numbered
l3l, is present Tor duty. besides the 1855 at
Washington; the weather was fine and the
roads excellent. When urged to abandon the
HaTper's Ferry line ana advance from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

ming parallel with the river, back of the city
out of range of the Union artillery.
And now fatal and undertaking phase OF
federal battle tactics was to be again illustrated
Having vainly beat the air for twenty days, I'M
til Lee was at all points fully prepared and
fairly itching behind his stone walls and breast.
works for an attack. the foregone result of
which was sure to revive the confidence of his
broken troops, Burnslde-seemingly solicitous
to do that which his adversary most desired
determined to fling the army against this i'm
pregnable line Of hills 1t was the strongest
natural defensive position held by either army
during the war.
The Union lines extended over a front of
more than four miles. from point to the right
and above and thence through Fredericksburg
down the river to and below Smithfeld. The
army was in a dangerous position. with its
back to the Rappahannock. facing those frown-
ing hills. Along the entire confederate front
was mostly a wide. open plain. swept in all d.
recticns by artillery and musketry from the
crest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

could. In answer to the Presidents request he
formulated and sent in on the 9th plan of
operations-to concentrate around Warrenton,
as il meditating an advance toward Culpeper,
and then to move rapidly down the Rappahan-
mock and seize Fredericksburg. From that
point, the elements permitting, he proposed to
push southwark. He made no mention of the
point at which he would cross the river in the
written plan submitted.
Burnside's arguments were these: 1t gave
him a shorter line TO Richmond, safe water
base at Belle PLANE, fully protected Washing
ton and freed a large number of troops at that
point for cooperation with the Army of the
Potomac. 1t appears that the President and
Gen. Halleck both favored continuance of the
movement toward Culpeper and GOrdonsville,
and by appointment Halleck met Burnside at
Warrenton on the 18th to discuss the various
lines and to come to a mutual understanding as
to the route and details of the campaign. At
ter good deal of argument pro and con the
others yielded the point for two days after re-
turning to Washington Halleck telegraphed to
Burnside: The President has just assented to
your plan. He thinks 1t will succeed if you
move rapidly; otherwise not" Now, it is clear
that your plan" did not mean the Presidents
plan, or Halleck's plan. but Burnside's plan.
Yet Haleck in his official report of year
later AYERS positively there verbal under
standing at the Warrenton meeting that Burn
side was to cross at the fords of the Kappa
hammock and Rapidan and approach Freder-
Icksburg on the south side and that 1t
this verbal plan to which the President as
scented. In his testimony before the committee
on the conduct Of the war, December ~, 1862.
Just after these occurrences, when everything
was fresh in his mind. it is a curious fact that
Halleck made no allusion TO a verbal plan, but
simply discusses Burnsides written plan as the
accepted One-a significant omission if any such
understanding existed. None of the officers
who were present at the Warrenton conference
mention having heard any verbal modification
OF Burnside's plan of operations. tits i'll letter
to Burnside. january 1868, that Halleck first
sets up the claim that there was an understand
ing that lat least a considerable part" of the
army was to cross at the fords.
\ study of the record makes il clear, too,
that Burnside contemplated no other move
ment than the one on the north side to Fall
mouth, for he specifically stipulates for pom
toons in his written plan. HaIleck himself
derel the pOntoOns down from the upper Po-
tomac on the 18th by telegraph while in actual
consultation with Burnside at Warrenton. 1t
is noteworthy fact, also. that III all his cor
respondence Burnside never alludes in the
vaguest manner to any other plan than the
written Dlan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

movement across the rivers above. covered by
a strong demonstration below the town, q feint
to cover his real purpose. The upper fords,
as a preliminary to the proposed campaign,
had been seized by Stoneman's cavalry as early
as April IA, but the movement was delayed un-
til the 9th, when, everything being ready,
Towards corps. with eight days rations in hav-
ersacks, took the road for Kelley's ford on the
Rsppahannock, twenty-five miles above. where
he arrived the next day about p. m. Laying
pontoon bridge, that night his entire corps
was across. He was followed by Gems. slocum's
and Meade's corps. Hooker accompanied this
column in person as far Worthwhile. over
seeing the crossing and urging on the advance
After crossing, Meade's fifth corps was sent
rapidly to the Rapidan at Ely's ford, where it
secured q crossing by surprise, fording the
river, Sykes then pushing on down the river to
uncover United States ford, Griffin marching
on Charlottesville, and Humphreys remain.
ing behind to guard the trains.
The other two corps moved over and crossed
the Rapidan at Germanna ford, above Ely's. on
the 29th, and from thence soon emerged
on to the Orange pike at Old tWil-
derness Tavern, here turning to the
east By the afternoon Of the Soth the Is. 600
men Of 6iocum, Meade and Howard we're a.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

had been represented to Lincoln that in its
present demoralized condition and temper an
other battle under Burnsides direction meant
practical ruin to the army.
These representations came in person from
Gems. John Newton and John Cochrane, the
first West Point graduate and the latter a
civilian soldier. and both too obscure in rank
to warrant them in waiting on the President
without invitation with such a purpose unless
they were speaking for others. In fact, they
appear to have especially represented the
views Of Gems. Franklin, Hooker, Smith and
probably others. The President was alarmed
by these expressions, coming from such a
quarter, and his confidence in Burnside was
greatly shaken This left the general without
support in any quarter; he felt it to be SO, and
promptly rendered his resignation. But the
President, probably all at sea for successor,
declined to acceptit
THE MUD MARCH.
Burnside returned to Falmouth greatly in
eensed at this manifestation Of insubordins-
ton, and not unlikely somewhst crestfallsn.
His plan Of campaign vas dropped. But he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

it In fact the worst disposition possib'e had
been made OF the troops covering this portion
of Hookor's lines. A conspiracy could not have
shaped things more TO the advantage OF the
enemy.
jackson struck shout 6 D. m. Rodc-' divi-
sion in front and forty rods in the rear Colstoa
moving in support A. y. Hill was not YET
deployed The Union pickets and a brigade
outpost were driven In with = rush. and Devens
division, carelessly cooking and eating supper,
guns stacked. was swept away IN ten minutss
by the rebel masses. An attempt 90 hurriedy
get Schurz's division into something ike shAI .
tailed he maintained the semblAnce OF q lue
out Few minutes. Steinwehr. after q short
stand, also went 20 pieces. Howard. whose
carelessness had permitted the cAtastropho,
herolcally tried 20 stay the tide OF retreat. but
failed. The tngitives poured down the pike IN
Wild stream On the rear OF the Union army.
win the surElng, shouting enemy Rt their
heels II was a rout like that % Bull Run,
where Howard had his first experience. fortu-
nstely 1t did not carry away the rest Of tie
army.
But the confederatcs in this onset through
the brush were so badly broken that their
extreme advance lost its momentum and
force. Gen. fleasouton. near the line OF tho
road. got some thirty guns hastily into position
on the south side and ahou; nightfal stopped
the eddying and nearly spent eoufedsrats
charge with a whitening artillery fire and
brilliant charge OF the eighth pcnnsylvAnis
cavalry, IN which Major keenan, the CON-
msnder. lost his Life. This energetic work
gave time for new dispositions 60 save the
army. Berry OF the third corps swung hs
division across the pike: other troops were
hurried into position TO support him.
Lee. hearing Jacksons gums. had made .
noisy sttack. extending toward his left 20 con-
meet with Jackson at the earliest practicahls
moment. but he made no impression on tie
Union lines. jackson reformed his lines ns
rapidly as possible. Withdrawing Rodcs 20
Dowdlrs and putting Hill in front. While
this WAS being effected. with some of his stat.
he had ridden forward to reconnoiter tho
federal lines, as was his wont, returning up the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

the WASHINGTON front. thus adding 40 coo men
70 his movable column he yoacAsafed no reply.
he seemed iLrxOrabiy bent on terrifying
everything IN the vicinity OF Harpers Ferry.
which defended nothing
GEEAr oFroEtUvITY.
A careful review Of the period will convince
anybody that Mcclellan here lost a great oppor-
family. II Is probable that for some lnscrut-
allie reason sufficient unto himself he had
deliberately concluded TO do no more cam
pgigninr that fall.
About November I, under high pressure
from Washington, he very deliberately began
crossing 10 the south side " the Potomac, Lee
having IN the meanwhile fallen back behind
tie EaTpahsnnock. hoping t. so into winter
quarters. Mcclellan advanced very slowly,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21
Total. 1,274
9,4O

In addition to the above there were 160 men
lost in the cavalry and engineers. making total
OF 1854 killed and wounded, an aggre-
gate loss, including the missing, of l2.65l.
Some OF the missing were slain and wounded.
or this long butchers bill 1919 were lost in
front OF Longstreet's parapets and stone wall,
while he lost but 1894 men. What a slckening
tale! On the left the three divisions OF Meade,
Gibbon and Birney scored loss of 4.070, in
hlcting on the enemy a loss in return of about
5000, as near as can ascertain.
Lees losses Of course are not officially stated
In the aggregate. Surgeon Guild makes out
the killed and wounded to have been A. 2O2 dur
ing the 18th, 18th and 18th of December He
seldom agreed in his reports with those Of the
neld commanders. In this particular report
there is a statement of a regiment having 1l9
men wounded and another 1903, without man
killed in either. The medical director handled
only the wounded and necessarily his figures
relating to the killed must have been very i'm
perfect. For instance. Longstreets loss is stated
officially at 1894; Guild makes it only 1919. 1t
Is not likely, however, that their total loss much
exceeded 5000 men,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

cHANCELLoRsyILLE, HooKER's HEaDQuARrEaA
But they had inflicted severe losses on the
charging foe. Gems. Berry and a. W. Whip
pie were killed. No part of the splendid troop.
OF Reynolds and Meade who had scarcely fr.d
gun, were brought forward to the support
OF Slck!es and slocum. Compared with the
Union battle tactics at ChancellorsviIle Pope's
Second Bull Run was fairly Napoleonic.
In accordance with Hooker's orders Sedg-
wick on the Sd had crossed his entire corps
and moved up the river against Fredericks-
burg. Gibbons division also crossed After
good deal OF accommodating. about noon storm
ing columns were formed under Gen. Neil.
Col. Lewis A. Grant and Col Seayer on the
left, and Col. Johns and Col Spear on the
right A brilliant charge all along the line
resulted in the capture of the heights which
Burnside's entire army could not reach In the
preceding December, together with guns
feat of arms. This was a great victory In itself
and il Reynolds had remained to sustain sedg-
wick with his 1900 veterans the objective Of
the campaign would have been held
Sedgwick then advanced toward Hooker Al
Chancellorsville About noon Lee had learned
that the heights had been lost and that the
enemy advancing on his rear He immedi-
ately dispatched McLaws back with four bri-
eades to stop Sedgwick; The ready confidence
with which be could detach Il. 900 men from
his inferior fighting force in front Of The main
Union army is Q sufficient and a Illuminating
commentary on Hooker's battlefield tactics
with a superior force. IL was none too soon
that McLaws occopied Salem Heights. about
three miles out from Fredericksburg. scro~s
Sedgwick's line Of advance
sedgwick attacked. but his attempt. 20 bresh
McLaws line were frustrated. and he -
driven back, but Q counter ATTACK by McLAvs
was in turn disastrously repulsed and uishs
stopped further operations on this line. sedg-
wick had been slow, but be had taken the Of
fensive and done far better than Hooker,s psrs
OF the army.
Having driven in and completely coved
Hooker, leaving Stuart to keep hum behind bn
hreastworks, with the rest Of the army on Shs
9Th Lee turned with about 49, 900 men uuoo
Sedgwick's isolated corpa Early had slreedy
moved in on Sedgwick's rear and reosptured
the heights, and McLAvs and Anderson ~.
tackled front and flank. Sedgwick made a = ,od
fight, but being outnumbered - veil q out
generated was considerably crowded back dur
Ing the days operations He had wisely srissd
the approached 10 Banks ford About 8 n M.
he was attacked al along the line by - Hue
the fedcrals maintained their lnee nrnoSs.shv
intact
ssdgwicks position vs. nov psrzlous ia ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

the government with demands for supplies OF
every conceivable nature. and gained time by
complaining that they were not received or
We're still en- route. Re talked vaguely of plans
for future movements, but he never moved.
Horace Greeley SAYS be was marking time.
There was no timid and Jealous executive TO
hamper or balk his movements; on the con-
trGry. he was daily impOrtUned and ordered to
20 forward against the enemy.
This Ceiay was a codseud TO Lee Gradually
his s:rsggiers returned 10 the ranks. On the
ajth his force o! al arms had risen e. 80
mon. and October 10 20 c4.27&. On Oct.--. 20
II had again reached about its normal stage at
6@.oS5 men OF all arms. On tue same day, how
ever. SicCieil Il reported BLISS men present
for duty. In addition. Banks had at Washing
ton 1898, at Fort Monroe there were fully
l~.oC0 and ~ Baltimore about 20.0O0. This
would have given Mcclellan an available NOV
ing force O: fully IJn.O coo men. leaving Wash
iHs;on and all other points perfectly safe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

and the Union cause. They parted from their
hero with actual anguish. True, Burnside him
self had been one of McClellan's warmest adhe-
rents. calling him my Dear Mac" his record as
a soldier had been fair, yet as the successor of
their favorite he was accepted by the rank and
file with reserve. even distrust. This was I'M
propitious. His unspeakable failure soon
after the change served to confirm what had
previously been almost a conviction-that Nc
Clellan was the only leader the country had
who could put down the rebellion; it aggra-
waited their distrust and suspicion into actual
hatred of the man who had innocently sup
planted him
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1892-09-21

sending misleading kilograms 10 Washington.
anu guarding most carefully against beating
up the enemy. The head OF the column had
arrived IN the neighOorhood of Warrenton
when az last the ak fell
ON November : the President relieved
Mcclellan aud appointed Gen. Ambrose Z.
burnside IN his stead. he also relieved Gen.
MeClelian's favorite, FItz John Porter, COM
manding the fifth corps, and subsequently
ordered him before a c0urt-martial TO answer
charges preferred by Gen. Pope connected
with the second Bull Run campaign.
0EN. BURNSIDE ASSUMED COMMAND.
Burnside. loyal and honest gentleman,
frankly expressed doubt of his ability to direct
such an army. Had he been asked he would
have declined, but being ordered to assume
command he obeyed He would do the best he