davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
SPRING MANAGEMENT or BEES

A Talk By the Presidsss Of the Ohio
Beekeepers' Association.
President Charles r. Muth, Of Cincin-
matt, in his address before the Ohio state
convention, had the following to say on
the subject Of spring management OF
bees:
Every beekeeper must decide for him.
self whether he shall produce comb on
extracted honey, or both. The main
question IL how to produce the largest
crop. He may have the most prolific
queens, he may have q successful win
tering, and his colonies be in fine condi-
ton four or FIVE weeks previous to the
beginning Of the honey harvest, but,
misled by fine weather and the lively
fight of his bees, he forgets that flowers
generally yield no honey just at that
period, and that the consumption Of their
stores is greatest when brood rearing is
at its best. Everything may seem pros
porous until he sees dead Larvae at the
alighting board.
Upon examination he finds the hives
full of bees, no stores and little or no
Larvae in the cells. The bees, being short
of food and moved by q sense of self
preservation, had sacrificed their young.
They had pulled their Larvae out Of the
cells and out of the hives in order to
make their stores hold out as long as
possible.
The bees ought to have been fed q
month previous to this time, and now
they must be fed without delay, and
plentifully, 80 as to induce them to breed
up again. But as it requires three weeks
before the first young bees will hatch
out after the eggs are laid and two weeks
more before they will become foragers,
and as the honey harvests hardly ever
last longer than four or five weeks, the
colonies will be in good condition again
Just in time to be too late for that sea-
son. The beekeeper has lost the earning
Of his years labor, while by q timely
feeding he would have secured q good
crop Of honey. 1t is just there where
most beekeepers make their mistake.
The bees consumption Of their united
stores begins with brood rearing, and in
the same ratio that the brood increases
the stores decrease. The question
whether more honey is consumed by out
door or indoor wintering is therefore
immaterial The difference is small.
The old bees only are foragers, while
their young stay at home taking care Of
the brood, preparing the cells for the re-
ception Of eggs and honey, ripen the
honey and close the cells when filed. 1t
il therefore Of great importance to have
the colonies strong in old and young
bees and ready for the harvest at the
time the season begins, which is, in
southern Ohio, the latter part Of May,
the time when the white clover comes
into hlnnn
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Ola or New Meadows.

Some old meadows are better than
some new meadows close by, while
Others are not SO good. Old meadows
on well drained land that has been regu-
larry top dressed, moved at the right
time and otherwise properly cared for.
will yield hay of more uniform char
acter and quality than most new mead
ows. But old meadows, or lands that
have not been drained or top dressed, on
which the grass has been allowed to
ripen seed before being mown, or has
been heavily pastured, will not yield as
large crops, nor will the hay be as good
rs might have been grown from new
seeding. Furthermore, all old meadows
are liable to become foul with weeds
sown by the winds or scattered with the
manure. Against reseeding is to be
counted the cost of breaking up, Of the
seed, and of the danger of failure to Sc
cure a stand. Old meadows generally
consist of one or two grasses, while new
meadows should contain at least half q
dozen. The question, therefore, as to
whether it is best to plow up an old
meadow or not must be determined by
its condition and the needs of the farm.
Jersey Bulletin.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
-. Or STSr =
Advantages Gsined by an Intellige
Employment Of This Practice.

Advantages Gained by an Intelligent
Employment Of This Practice.
The two chief and general reasons
why rotation of crops is necessary, &C
cording to l.. II. Bonham, secretary Of
the Ohio State Board of Agriculture,
are: /. For the conservation of the
soil. 2. For the sake Of economy. Re-
moval of crops takes from the farm
nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash.
Reckless farming in time depletes the
soil below the point Of profitable produc-
ton, but the soil is practically mex
haustible, since an acre Of soil to the
depth of one foot contains nitrogen.
5000 pounds; phosphoric acid, 1900
pounds; potash, 1900 pounds.
Commercial fertilizers are q poor de-
pendence for keeping up fertility. They
can only feed the crop in part, and are
too costly to be used in storing up fer
tility for future crops. Fertility is con-
stantly being unlocked by chemical &C
ton, by frost and moisture.
Nitrifcation is the most important
chemical operation in nature, without
which we cannot conceive Of continued
fertility. The conditions fsvoring nj
IRRIGATION are: 1. A porous soil. 3.
Warmth, as nitrifcation is dormant at
AZ degs. and most active when WARM
enough to decay meat and vegetables.
s. Moisture in regular and moderate sup
ply.
Clover and grasses shade the soil, re-
tain moisture, render il porous and favor
nitrifcation while filling in vegetable
matter.
Nature rotates crops. When the for.
ests of oak and hickory have been re-
moved thick growth of evergreens ap-
pears. In New England, where white
pine forests have been removed, the
maple, chestnut and oak have sprung up
A similar rotation is found in timothy
meadows, followed by blue grass.
Besides general there is q special de-
pletion by each variety of crops. As
each crop seems to have special wants
we increase crops by q change, but
chemistry has not been able to tell ne
why.
Plants vary in power to appropriate
food. Clover, we say, has high power
to gather nitrogen, while wheat has
low power; hence clover precedes wheat
well. Wheat grows mostly in cool
weather, when nitrifcation Is slow or
dormant; hence the soil for wheat must
be rich in nitrogen. On the other hand,
corn grows wholly in warm weather,
hence it needs less nitrogen to make
crop.
Plants have favorites in plant food
Wheat, for example, takes ~ pounds
Of potash to every ga pounds Of phos-
phoric acid Potatoes take 81 pounds
Of potash to one pound Of phosphoric
acid Plants take food only in soluble
or gaseous form. II is Q wise arrange
ment that soil does not dissolve - free
~ % sugar or salt, or one soaking rain
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Raising Turkeys.

OF the many varieties the bronze is al
present a favorite, writes Kentucky
farmers daughter in The Country Gen
tleman. She says:
Have pure bred stock by all means &c
begin with, as their early maturity
renders them more desirable for home
use, as well as for market purposes; and
if the strain be brought to anything like
perfection there is always a demand fol
young stock as well as for eggs. Many
make the mistake Of trying to keep tur'
keys in the same yard with chickens
They are most aristocratic fowls, abhor.
ing all uncleanliness and disdaining tC
associate with what they consider the
lower classes. In fact, their well being
demands clean, dry run, well drained
and sunny, and an extensive rapge,
where they may gather for themselves
the food their wild nature suggests.
And although in all pleasant weather
their best roosting place is an airy perch
in the tree tops, yet q shelter at night
from the severe cold, the snow, and even
from chilling spring rains would be of
great advantage.
Unlike chickens, turkeys will not eat
any and everything; mine were always
healthier when allowed no meat or rich
food of any kind, dry grain Of good
quality being preferred. Their drinking
vessels and feeding pans must be kept
very clean and wholesome, or they will
refuse to touch anything. At and just
previous 10 laying time the hens are
very fastidious, and all the variety pro-
durable should be offered them, taking
care to feed them lightly on those grains
at all fattening in tendency, as Indian
corn in its various preparations, allow
ing instead generous proportion Of
those grains said to contain preponder-
ance of egg producing elements, as
wheat, oats and the like. Mine were
very fond Of sorghum seed and Of grass
seed from the floor OF the hay loft, while
of ground foods wheat bran was their
favorite, especially il it was slightly
moistened with sweet milk. Milk, either
sweet or sour, buttermilk or clabber, is
highly appreciated, and as this is said to
be an excellent egg food the hens should
have all they will drink at this time,
care being taken to allow none TO re-
main in the trough over night, and so
become rancid and unwholesome. Some
green food they must have, and until
grass comes again this may be supplied
either in the shape of raw garden vege-
tables, ensilage or sweet clover hay, cut
In half-inch lengths and steamed.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

The president of the New Jersey state
board of agriculture favors the govern
ment's adopting the county free mail
delivery, believing that the mounted
carriers could take, not only the mails,
but weather reports.
According to the report Of the depart
ment at Washington there has been an
increase Of one-fourth in the production
of the potato in the past ten years.
Professor Byron ID. Halstead, Of the
New Jersey experiment station at New
Brunswick, is getting up a collection Of
weeds for the Chicago Worlds fair and
asks assistance from everybody who can
render it. A circular with particulars
may be obtained on request.
The National Horse Show association,
of New York, at their annual meeting
reelected most of their old officers. The
premium list for the next November
show was increased to 10000.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Growing Big Squashes.

Squashes do best on soil containing
Q little sand and gravel, and are rank
feeders-needing liberal manuring. Care
must be used in pinching of the vines.
not to do it until the fruit has got az
large as q good sized orange. If you
want to grow big one, leave only one
On a vine, and pinch off the ends two
feet or more beyond the fruit. Novege-
tables can assimilate milk at the vine
end. You might as well try to make a
calf grow by soaking his feet in Jersey
milk.-Rural New Yorker
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

would ruin ~ Stirring the sol favuu
disintegration; hence plowed OF hood
crops should follow grassea
Grasses are conserves Of sol and prs-
vent wsshing and teaching. Rotation
checks some kinds Of insect ravages and
fungi. The corn root worm dos not
feed on clover roots. The clover root
borer does not bore corn roots or roots
Of wheat, oats, etc. The smut Of wheat
does not attack corn, etc.
Growing variety Of crops In intelli-
gent or scientific rotation IL good econo-
my. II divides the labor Of the year,
gives regular employment the year
round and has many advantages Of great
si1pi6cauca
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Fertilizers for Garden Crops.

A bulletin from the Georgia expert
ment station makes it appear that in
fertilizers for garden crops nitrate of
soda Is the best for earliness and that
cotton seed meal increases the yield in
many instances. Cantaloupes come into
early growth and vigor when fortified
freely with nitrate of soda, but the later
ones do better when given cotton seed
meal With beans the best growth was
obtained when nitrate of soda and cotton
seed meal together formed the source Of
the nitrogen. Similar effects were OBJ
tanned from other garden vegetables, so
that the conclusion is reached that
nitrate of soda is best for earliness.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Tent Caterpillar.

Professor Comstock says: There are
many species of caterpillars that feed
upon the foliage Of the apple, pear and
ounce. The more conspicuous Of these
are the tent caterpillars, which are so
called because they live in colonies in
large silken tents. These may be read
lily destroyed by removing the tents with
the tent caterpillars. As this tent serves
merely as a residence. the caterpillars
leaving them and spreading over the
trees TO get their food, care should be
taken TO remove the nests early in the
morning or on rainy day, at which
time the insects are in the nests
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

When the big covered track at the
Jewett farm was first built there were
many prophecies made that horses
worked continually over such track
throughout the winter would not do as
well the following season. The con.
trary proved TO be the case, says The
American Horseman. Fiye-eighths Of a
mile track is now under cover.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Some Foolish People

Allow q cough to run until 1t gets
beyond the reach Of medicine. They
often say, ooh, IL will wear away"
but in most cases IL wears them
away. Could they be induced to
try the successful medicine called
Kemp's Balsam, which Is sold on q
positive guarantee to cure, they
would Immediately see the excellent
effect after taking the first dose.
Price 500 and $1.O0. Trial size free.
At all druggists.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

Remarked to q friend the Other
day that she knew Kemp's Bslsam
for the Throat and Lungs was q
superior remedy, as II stopped her
cough instantly when other cough
remedies bad no effect whatever. So
to prove this and convince you Of it,
merit any druggist will give you q
Sample Bottle Free. Large size sos
and 81 90. 3
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Potatoes for PiTx-

In experiments conducted at the Wis
consin station it was found that in fat
tening hogs $50 pounds of potatoes took
the place Of l7s pounds of cornmeal. or,
in other words, 44S pounds of potatoes
were required to take the place Of 100
pounds of cornmeal This makes one
pound Of cornmesl worth nearly ~
pounds of potatoes. As several lots OF
animals were experimental on 1t IL
hardly possible that the results are very
far from the average.
Pupils graduation examination
will he held April q, at Bavaria,
New Cambria, Gypsum, and ASA
ria. Commencing at s Q. m. Cendi.
dates will be examined In Reading,
photography, Grammer, Geography,
u. 8. History, Arithmetic and Civil
Government.
A. c. HILLMAN, Co. Supt.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
rye AZ A oAeeN MANURE.
he E1periease Of . Miehigsn Farm
- Related BY Himself

he Ezperiease Of . Miehigsn Farmer
- Related BY HimselE
When I bought my present farm Of
sixty-five acres in the fall Of the year II
was in badly run down condition. No;
an acre of meadow was on the place,
and the tenant said It was too poor To
grow clover. began by putting IN the
best portions of the farm to fall wheat
and the poorer parts to fall rye. During
the winter I cut wood and hauled i:
down to the city, and when could moi
get load of manure given to me coul,'
usually buy two horse load for twenty
Eve cents. This used as topdressing
ON the fall crops, very thinly Of course
In spring sowed clover and timothy
seed on the wheat and 30 much rye as !
had topdressed This followed with u
forty-five toothed steel harrow. which.
served the double purpose Of covering
the seed and fining the manure. Th-
balance of the rye left to grow as les:
1t might till about June 1. Then | pro
ceeded to pillow il down with a weeu
hook or a chain fastened to the furrow
horses whifhetree and back TO the pillow.
/ then rolled and fined the soil to
hasten the decomposition of the rye.
and after properly pulverizing and again
rolling ! planted it partly to potatoes
and corn, sowing the balance to fat
turnips. In August there was q good
growth Of bottoms. pulled the larger
ones to feed to the stock, as at this sea.
son of the year the pastures are suffer
ing from dry, hot weather. Then
plowed down this mass Of vegetation
and again rolled and narrowed till time
to sow to wheat The next year there
was no trouble in locating the line OF
the green manuring.
As soon as ii was time to stop cult.
waiting the corn crop sowed rye IN the
corn, cultivating between the rows with
q shallow tool. This gave pasturage fol-
all kinds of stock till the snow covered
the ground. This item Of pasture alone
will pay the cost Of labor and seed rye.
Next year the rye was turned down.
seeding to clover and timothy. After
digging the potatoes l narrowed the
ground down level and sowed to rye to
plOW uOWn 1Or COIn OF ullilct tOr IOuutf,
taking of in time to prepare for wheat
to be seeded down the following spring
to clover Sometimes ! plant potatoes
on every third furrow when blowing
down the rye, and if it should be a dry
season the potato crop will grow right
along as the rye seems to retain the
moisture. / have had potatoes thus
planted that were green and fourishing
weeks after all ordinary tender yegeta-
ton was blackened by the frost. In
digging potatoes so planted it is better
to plow them out. II is enough to make
a man enthusiastic to see the clean CROP
of tubers lying in rich bed Of decom.
posed vegetation. This plan Of enrich
ing the farm may be carried into the
garden patch, taking of squash and
other vegetables, and sowing to rye &c
plow down for the same kind Of crops
the following season. No matter il it
does not come mp that fall, it will come
all right in the spring. and only be few
days behind the earlier sown crop
American Agriculturist
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

O,iy sS.Ss To Kansas City and Return.
The Union Pacific will sell tickets
from Salina to Kansas City and re-
turn at one fair for the round trip.
Tickets on sale May 8 to 5, inclusive,
limited to May s. 2S-1I-2
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

The average cost of the creamery
buildings in the state of Connecticut,
according to the state dairy commits
sioner, is a little less than 8. 600, includ-
ing all apparatus for complete work.
Many Of the Creameries have living
rooms in the second story, in which live
the butter makers family.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

Rev. Geo. Fl. Thayer, Of BOURBON,
Ind, says: both myself and wits
owe our lives to ShiIoh's Consump-
ton Cure" Sold by j. j. Purcell.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

A Nasal Injector free with ecah
bottle Of Shiloh's Catrrh Remedy
Price so cents. Sold by j. j. Purcell
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
The Growth Of Standard Vegetables.

From Oregon comes bulletin noting
the growth of the standard vegetable
under like conditions of soil and treat.
ment. OF fifty-ive varieties of tomatoes,
the earliest were Livingstone's Perfec.
ton, Early King Humbert, Livingstone
Beauty, Cardinal, Livingstone's Favor.
lite and Large Round Yellow. Still there
Is only four days difference, the Early
King Humbert being the earliest. This
variety is valuable only for this quality.
however. The Large Round Yellow is
productive, and has large fruit, but is
not strong grower. Livingstone's Per
lection was one of the best. The fruit
was solid and regular, round and smooth.
but the plant was not productive.
OF radishes the Charters and I'm
proved Charters were found to be iden-
teal. The Olive Rose is a good table
variety. The French Breakfast resem.
bles IL. The Charters was found to he
the most valuable.
OF large number of cauliflowers, the
American Erfurt and Early White
French were characterized as very good;
also Carriers Extra Early Autumn Giant.
While all Of these varieties may not do
as well in all other sections they have
good regulations elsewhere.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

Catarrh Cured, health and sweet
breath secured by Shiloh's Catarrh
Remedy. Price so cent, Nasal injector
free Sold by j u. Purcell.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

Shiloh's Cure will Immediately re-
lieve Group, Whooping Cough and
Bronchitis. Sold by j. J. Purcell.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21

Why will you cough when shiloh's
Cure will give you immediate relief.
Price 10 cts, SO cts, and 81.
Sold by j. J Purcell.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
The Advantage of small Pastures.

Two or three small pastures are better
than one large one. The cattle may be
turned out week earlier, and when one
field is eaten well down they can be
turned into another. They can always
have fresh grass If changed every week
or two. The pasture will last longer
and the cattle be better for frequent
changing. Too many fences are not de-
sirable, but q four or five strand barb
wire fence may be built chesply or .
movable fence used and changed as
wanted.-AmericanC ultivator.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
tn. Hapd.om..t Lady IN s.,,pa

"Hacknietack," lasting and fra
grant perfume Price 25 and so cents.
Sold by J. j Purcell.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1892-04-21
Killing Up in the Cultivation Of Plants.
Formerly the nractice of billinp nm In


Formerly the practice Of killing up in
cultivation was much more common
than at present. In the case Of potatoes
it was considered indispensable, on the
theory that the hill furnished more room
for the tubers to grow in and mature.
Now a majority Of those who have given
the subject attention consider deep
planting and level culture afterwsrd a
much better practice than killing NJ
around the growing plants. There are
some who advocate killing up around
tomato plants, beginning as soon as they
are q few inches high, and continuing
the practice until the plant appears to
emerge from the center OF hillock a
foot or so high. Observation has shown
that the tomato vine, wherever it comes
in contact with moist soil, will at once
throw out roots from the stem, even
though only partly covered, and thus
this practice is supposed to strengthen
the plant. A correspondent in the New
York World writes: ~ prefer short.
stocky tomato plant to long one at any
time, and in setting out plants that re-
quire support or addition at roots I pre-
fer setting them in slanting position.
by which more of the stem will be GOV.
cred than when standing erect in the
plant bed, and at the same time without
burying the main root too deeply. As
the plant grows above the surface it will
naturally turn upward, until by the
weight Of foliage and fruit all tomato
vines, unless supported in some way,
will more or less lie upon the ground"