Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-11-06

| the Abyssinians used salt; the natives OF
the West Coast of Africa used sea shells
| the North American Indians used shells;
the early settles in Virginia used tobacco;
Marco Polo says that the Chinese used
paper-not paper redeemable in coin, but
paper, made valuable by the Great Khan's
orders So, really, money is anything that
is generally accepted as of value, which
serves to do away with trading Sin kind"
| or barter; it makes no difference what its
nature is, so long as it is something which
is of value to the people at large.
When was the battle of Waterloo fought.
and how many men were engaged in it7
The battle of Waterloo was fought on
Sunday, June 18, 1875 1t began about II 80
in the morning and lasted rather more than
eight hours. that is, the Imperial Guard of
the French army broke and raised the cry:
''Save yourselves!' at about s P. NJ. Wei
lington had about 6S, 900 men and Napoleon
about 20, 600 At the beginning of the bat
tie both armies occupied heights of land; /;
but the British remained on the defensive,
while the French, to attack, had to cross
the valley between the lines: The French
made five distinct attacks: l, on the British
right, to cover the main attack; 2, on the
attack on the British center, when the farm
house of La. Haye Sainte, covering the
center, was captured from the British; and
5, the charge of the Imperial Guard. The
losses were very heavy. The British lost
13, OO0 the Prussians I, 900 and the French
between %, 900 and sc, 200.
What was Brook Farm, one of Hawthorne's
old honest S. 81.
Brook Farm was an industrial associa-
tion, a social Utopia, composed of num-
Der of advanced thinkers, whose object was
SO to distribute manual labor as to give the
members time for intellectual culture. 1t
was located in West Roxbury, near Boston;
it began in 1S41, and came to. an end by the
George Ripley was the leader of the COM
munity; others in it besides Hawthorne
were Margaret Fuller. Bronson Alcott,
Thoreau, Charles A. Dana, George William
Curtis, Ellery Claiming, as we'll as others
whose names are famous in American liter
ature. Every member worked on the farm
for the common good; the plan was excel
lent on paper, but did not work we'll in
practice. Some of the originators dropped
out, few recruits Joined, and finally the
community was dissolved voluntarily.
Hawthorne places the scene of the
"Blithedale Romance" at the Farm.
Who painted q picture of the Mississippi
river that was 4 mile long? r. NJ.
John Banvard, who was born In New
York in 1914; he was druggists clerk for
some time, and practiced drawing and paint
ing as he could. In 1910 he began his
Panorama of the Mississippi" which he
painted himself; it occupied several years,
and when finished was three miles long, not
merely one mile. He exhibited it in many
cities of the country and abroad. He sug-
gested to General Fremont the scheme of
passing Island No. 10 in the Mississippi,
which Grant carried out; and in 1861 paint
ed picture, 1.-THE Vision" from which the
first chrome made in this country was
taken. He wrote upward of 1,7O0 poems.
published several volumes of poetry, and
produced two plays with some success. He
died at Watertown, S. Oak. on May 16, 1891.
How many whites and how many negroes
are there In the Southern States? READER
BY the bulletins of the eleventh census
(that of 1s90) in II States there were Is.
493, 323 whites and 6,944, 915 negroes. The
States are Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware,
District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi.
North Carolina, South Carolina.
Texas, Virginia and West Vir- |
ginia In Arkansas and Mississippi the |
percentage CT increase of the negroes be: |
tween 1880 and 1890 was greater than that |
of the whites, while in Georgia the per-
centages were precisely the same. In all |
the other States the whites increased pro- |
much more than the negroes.
Why were the Confederates called "John. |
nies" by the Yankees in; the late war;
CALIsTRo
We find no absolute reason for the name |
being applied to the Confederates; but the
Century Dictionary says that the names
John, Johnny, Jack, are applied COL
loquially and familiarly to q person whose
real name is not known, or to express in
definite number. A cognate expression is
''every man Jack" The Federals were
Yankees" so that they had nickname
already; the Conederates had no nickname.
IND early in the war were hailed as
Johnnies," in default of any more def
,ite 'colloquialism.
wbo roa GlauhopieS