davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

with iir and secured by heavy iron bolts
Us to withstand the battle of the elements
during that long and weary journey
uver the trackless Atlantic.
On account OF these ships being built
nigh at the ends and low amidships,
high seas would often be taken upon the
decks when sailing with a side wind,
and TO prevent this high stanchions or
posts were inserted in the upper plank
Of the rails. to which screens of heavy
canvas We're laced, making a temporary
bulwark, which proved to be very effec-
tive in keeping ont the water. In the
case Of the two smaller ships heavy mats
and large tarpaulins were stretched
across the beams to keep the water from
running into the holds and swamping
them; the vessels Of four centuries ago
were not supplied with pumps.
The Santa Maria was rugged with four
masts-the three foremost ones being fit
ted with yards or square rugged. while
the after mast was supplied with lateen
sails. A long bowsprit projected from
her bow, but carried no jibs or head
sails No sails were carried aloft above
the topsails.
During favorable winds a sail was set
under the bowsprit reaching to the
water, and known as the Waterfall or
spritsail. This sail fell into disuse over
two centuries ago.
The Pinta and Nina were caravels,
but rugged exclusively with lateen sails
The former, however, was partially
square rugged prior to sailing, and the
latter was similarly changed before the
fleet left the Canaries from Palos. Ships
in the days of Columbus were supposed
to make Roadway through the water
only when the wind blew in favorable
direction. The idea of lacking against
a head wind was entirely unknown to
the mariners of the past, notwithstand-
ing the fact that ships have been pro
PEELED by sail power alone for thousands |
of years Yet in spite of all these OBJ
stacles and disadvantages we find in the
logbook of the Santa Maria that a speed |
Of seven knots an hour was not an I'M
usual occurrence
AS it was customary to employ oars |
against contrary winds, the crews Of the
ships were necessarily larger in pro
portion to their size than in modern
ships No less than 100 lnea were EN-
oloyed to sail the ships Of Columbus.
The officers were known as the patron
n captain, watchman or first mate,
counsellor or navigator. the master of
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

IF ducklings are fed on ground oats
and barley mixed with bran they will de-
yelop rapidly and shell out eggs by the
time the turkeys lose their heads, says
The Fanciels' Journal, from which the.
following notes are CLEANED:
For lice on fowls use tobocco dust or
California bubach powder. The latter
is very powerful, and can be diluted one
half with wheat flour
The breeding season Leing over, the
disposal of the old hens becomes neces.
sary. The most profitable way is to sell
them alive at market prices, keeping the
yearling or 2-year-old hens over for an
other season.
The latter should be turned out to pas.
ture on farm and fed on oats princi-
pally. When leaves begin to fall in The
autumn these hens will have nearly
molted, and should be in good health
and ready to lay.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

Thomas Green, who died at Leeds.
England, not long ago, was the inventor
If the lawn mower.
According to the department report
he area down to wheat is the same as a
rear ago, and the cotton area is 161% per
rent. less.
The eighth annual horse show at Madi-
son Square garden will be held Nov
1919. Prizes, so far as heard from.
amount to $4,000
The proposal to sell eggs by weight in
stead Of by count, as has been the practice
heretofore, is finding great favor in the
south, especially in St. Louis.
Professor. Vol, of the Wisconsin sta
ton, says that buckwheat middlings for
feeding are almost equal to oilmeal,
while the hulls have little or no value
for the same purpose.
Twenty million dollars is the esti-
mated worth Of fax products imported
into this country last year, and our
farmers are said to have destroyed l.
100000 tons Of fax straw.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

..io "a secretary who wrote
uig n tWard and a surgeon
Ine usisted entirely Of homp
InelI blcs We're hemp hawsers,
each . fhe oldral eff four times
inc NJ M a longth. Each ship was
suppheu 6qa 3 boat called a launch
whlcu aIWays towe0 astcrn. Ge-
iIi1cVViy lols were punished by being
piaoeu ~ The iaunch for many days
upon S4Oi allowances and exposed to
tlse loS'-, the sun and heavy drenching
Althongh Vie compass was known 70
the Arabs loJg before Columbus and
by the Chinesems far back as the. begin
ming Of the Xliistian era, yet this in.
s5rument W in itself not sufficient to
navigate 9<vessel over an unknown sea.
The qu9A1ant, an instrument known TO
Columbus rs the astrolabe. was sup
phedfto each ship by its use in astro-
noNical observations the ships position
upon the high seas with respect 10 tie
equator could be readily aseerfaiued
and also errors existing in the conlpasses
causing the ships TO deyiato from their
true courses were found and the proper
adjustments accordingly inside.
Thus Columbus was able to embark
and sail away with that feeling Of self
reliance which had won him success on
al his previous expeditions. THO little
town of Palos, then the greatest seaport
on the Mediterranean, never sent out a
grander marine spectacle than when
Columbus embarked and weighed anchor
and stood boldly down the Rio Tinto to
sea. followed closely in his wake by the
Pinta and Nina The lavish golden
carvings which decorated these ships.
the red and yellow standards of Spain.
the gay streamers floating in the breeze
from every mast and spar, these alto
gethci presented to the cheering crowds
gathered on the wharyes, housetops and
ueighboring hills a picturesque sight.
1t was indeed the browning spectacle of
the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella.
LIEUT. Z. n. UBERRoTH. u. S. r. NJ. |
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

Built 81 feet long by 90 inches broad
it viii accommodate all the carpenter.
tools needed ON a farm, besides many
other useful tools. The rack for saws is
made of two short pieces of board set on
edge in the bottom drawer, and slots cut
into them for each saw. A bit rack and
one for chisels can be made in the same
way. The plane drawer should be par
titioned for various kinds of planes.
Such a chest should stand on casters and
have handle bars at the ends. The TOP
raises, giving room for plans and other
drawings above the upper drawer. a
smaller chest can be made Of pine OF
whitewOod, foot deep by IS inches high
and 30 inches long. 1t should contain a
sqdare, saw, Ratchet, rivet hammer,
riyets. brace and bit, chisels, imclud-
ing n cold chisel, mallet, pair of pincors,
spirit level, drawknife, screwdriver,
screws, nails, monkey wrench and a va
riety Of bolts. Such chest can be car
ried anywhere in a wagon.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
A MEMORABLE ANNIVERSARY.


October IL Unitcs Four Centuries OF
Anne rirau life.
October 70 viii have prominent place
in history 1t not only unites the four
| centuries of American life that are clos
| ing with the centuries that are before
rs, but it viii be made memorable by q
great national celebration The signal
for this demonstration win be the dedi-
cation Of the Worlds Columbian expo
sition grounds in Chicago.
On that day our foremost American
| institution-the public school-will be
the center Of local celebrations in the
cities and towns from the Atlantic to the
Pacific.
BY linking together all these local
celebrations as parts Of a systematic
national demonstration the fun signifi-
canoe Of the day viii be brought out.
The object for this movement for a
national celebration is not only to inter
est the youth of the country in the
Worlds Columbian exposition, but also
TO give to the American public school a
lifting prominence rs the fruit of four
centuries Of American life.
Both the Worlds congress commission
Of the Columbian exposition and the
American superintendents OF education
have requested that the public schools
Of each city and town lead in the local
celebration. These two bodies have also
appointed a joint executive committee
to direct the movement and to prepare a
uniform and fitting programme for uni
yersal use.
Every wideawake boy and girl in our
land has read or will read the message
issued 10y the Columbian public school
celebration commission with keen inter
est. 1t speaks Il vigorous word to every
one Of the several million pupils in our
public schools. Row far the spirit Of
this message is carried ont depends upon
each individual boy and girl We be-
lieye they will respond to it promptly
and enthusiastically They are too thor
oughly inbued with the true spirit Of
American loyalty and patriotism to per-
NIT such an opportunity to be lost
They viii enter into the spirit of this i'm
portant event with characteristic Amer
lean energy and determination
1t Is an inspiring thought that on Oct.
u all the loyal Sous and daughters Of |
our land will be united by one common !
purpose of such lofty conception. We |
believe that the pupils in our public
schools Will prove as enterpmsing and |
patriotic as those of any |
city or town III America. Don't wait |
until the eleventh hour. If our schools
are TO attempt to be the center of a local |
which shall be worthy of the
lay there is none too much time for
Let the schools begin at
1nce. Teachers and scholars should
make common cause.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02


The foundation of the Rothamsted
station for agricultural experiments is
earlier than that of any other, with the
single exception Of that established in
Ylsace The earliest German station,
that at Mockern, was founded in 1852;
Z the earliest American station, at Mid
dletown. Conn, in 1875. The earliest
of the systematic field experiments at
Rothamsted were those with turnips,
commencing in 1913. The continuous
wheat experiments commenced in the
autumn of the same year, the first har-
vest being in 1874.
In the earlier trials made upon turnips
and wheat the manures varied a good
deal from year to year and the same
plot was not always treated in the same
way; a more regular proceeding was,
however, sOou adopted and has since
been generally adhered to. In the later
systematic experiments each plot re-
ceives every year the same manuring,
unless achange of treatment is needed
to attain some special object. The sub
stances applied are ammonium salts,
sodium nitrate, superphosphate made
from bone ash, POTASSIUM SUI te-fRliiies
nesi6m sdlphate and sodium sulphate.
The various constituents of plant food
arc thus applied in a soluble, and active
FORM The weight of each constituent
applied is also known, so that the re-
suits admit Of quantitative treatment.
Wheat has been grown in the cele-
brated Broadbalk field every year for
forty-eight years, and there is at present
no appearance of any decline in its fer
tility. Our second cut is from photo
graph representing the wheat harvested
has received farmyard manure every
year since 1874; plot has been unma-
nured for the same period; plot has re-
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
Plantlng Cnbbnge Id varions Denths.

About twelve years ago a trial was
made by The Rural New Yorker of plan
ting cabbages at various depths. 1t was
done to ascertain whether the plants
would make larger or smaller, more or
less solid, heads if the leaves of the
plants were left on or cut off. All the
leaves Of about fifty plants were set as
taken up from the seed bed. The leaves
Of fifty others, all except the central,
small, latest leaf, were cut off. There
was no appreciable difference in the size
or weight Of the two lots at harvest. 1t
is probable that the outer leaves of cab
bage plants do neither good nor harm.
They usually die before the plants start
into new growth.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

Butterflies, moths and beetles should
OF be subjected TO the'cruelty of being i'm
paled by pin while still alive. Every en-
tomologist should carry with him as a part
Of bis outfit small vial Of ether. A few
drops Of this poured ON the sides Of worm.
moth or beetle viii instantly kill the in.
sect and enable the collector to adjust il
with less difficulty than il it were alive. as
by is struggles after capture very fine
Specimen is often completely ruihed.-St
Louis Globe Democrat
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
Early rrlBaIa.lon. Of the noyal soelst,

A4AAAg AAAuuAalAouh OF the Royal society.
Evelyn's indignant defense of his be
loved association is not surprising when
we read the abuse the f. r. S. received
from some of the most talented writers of
the Seventeenth century The witty DR..
South said that the members Of the Royal
society could admire nothing but fleas,
lice and themselves" Hobbies, the phi
losopher of Malmesbury, considered them
50 many laborers, apothecaries, gardeners
and mechanics, who might now all put
in for and get the prize"
Cross, vicar Of Chew, wrote ribald pam
phlets and ballads, which he got sung
about the streets against the new phi
losophy. Stubbes, man Of perverted gen
ius, accused the +. r. S. Of atheism and
treason, and they greatly feared his for
midable series of attacks DR.. King bur
lesqued their published volumes Of
Transactions, and ridiculed alike their
grammar, style and the inventions and
discoveries they described. Mary D.
Steele in pOpuiar Science Monthly.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

she-Why do you take Mr.. Spindle off
sailing 50 much for? He isn't bit good
company.
He-l use him for ballast
She-But the man is as thin as a rail.
He-True. But you forget that he always
takes his winter ulster with him.-Clothier
land Furnisher
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
A Million Friends,

friend III need is friend indeed and not less
than one million people hive foand jus, such a
gricad in Dr. Kings New Discovery for Consump-
ton, Cough and Colds II you have never nsed
this Great Cough Medicineoae frili Will convince
you that 10 has wonderful curative powers IN al
diseases OF Throat, Chest and Lungs Eich bot
de is guaranteed to do all that is claimed or
money will BE- refun ted. Tfal batdas G
W, Aarshall's Drug Store. Large bottles sec and
500.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

re win AcoomIn odate All the carpenterl
Tools Needed on n Farm.
The accompanying cut shows q too
chest which, according 20 the Philadel
phia Farm journal, is convenient TO go
tools from and win NOT let saws, chisels
etc., get dulled by contact. 1t is Of ash
four feet high, and the upper drawers
are used for nails, brads, screws, etc.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
The Guide- rold the rrnth.

A guide at Schroon lake told me on one
occasion as he came in from fishing that
with hook baited with crayiish he caught
black bass by hooking it through the eve
ball As he had a reputation for embroid-
ering cold facts when relating his fishing
experience the eyeball story was received
with allowances, and ] was perhaps the
chief of his inquisitors, Yet the very next
day l caughta black bass hooked in the
fame manner through the eyeball Forest
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

A correspondent Of Hoard's Dairyman
says that from trials with the Babcock
test he is convinced that a COW over eight
OF ten years old will not give as good a
test in the.richness of her milk as when
she was in her prime. They may keep
up the quantity of milk, bat it viii grow
nnorer in hntter fat
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

ceived ash constituents only since 1852;
plot G, the ash constituents, with 200
pounds of ammonium salts; plot z, the
same, with 400 pounds Of ammonium
salts; plot 8, the same, with 600 pounds
ammonium salts; plot 8, the ash consti-
tuents, with $50 pounds Of sodium
nitrate. The picture illustrates in a
striking manner the preponderating
sffect of heterogeneous manures in de-
termining the luxuriance of wheat.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
THE RoTHAmsTEo EXPERIMENTS.

Sir j. y. Lnwes' Notable work in the
Interests Of Scientific Agriculture.
Many Americans. going to England,
have visited Rothamsted, inspected the
experiments in progress and made the
acquaintance Of Sir John Bennett Lawes,
whose agricultural work there during
the last fifty years is known throughout
the civilized world. This friendly in
-tercourse has led Sir John to institute a
course. Of lectures. to be delivered bien-
nially in the United States upon the in
vestigations carried on at Rothamsted.
From a report, published by the depart
ment Of agriculture. Of the first six lee
lures delivered under the Lawes trust,
at Washington, by Robert Warrington
3. r. S., we learn the following:
Sir John entered upon his home farm
of 25O acres in 1884 Three or four
years later he began experiments, in
pots, upon the effectof various manures,
and these led to field experiments.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

Francis Bellamy, chairman, represent
ing Youths Companion, Boston.
John W. Dickinson. secretary of Mas
sachusetts board Of education.
Thomas b. Stockwell, commissioner of
public schools Of Rhode Island.
w. r. Garrett superintendent of pub
lie instruction of Tennessee.
w. C. Hewitt, superintendent of Mich
igan educational exhibit at World'sfair.
THE SHIPS OF COLUMBUS.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
A Description of the Great Discoveries
Little Squadron.

The approach Of the 4OOth anniversary
of the discovery Of America cannot fail
to awaken "A reverence for IL se'Saoese
mariner whose intrepid dag en-
thusiasm changed the destfflS
kind.
Columbus was by profession or
and his great maritime knowledge won
tor him the command Of many ships
During his numerous voyages he formed
his purpose Of sailing westward to fnda
nearer way to India. twas at the little
Spanish port of Palos that Columbus
nrenared the expedition for which Fer
runkenness Liquor Habls In al
Jn9 World there Is bur one. cure
DR.. aainss' Golden Specilc.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

p 1t can be given in a cup of tea or coqee
without The knowledge Of the person t.tino
1t, eiiectiHg a speedy and permanent cure
whether the patient is n moderate drinker or
an alcoholic wreck Thou .ands Of drunl
ards kaye been cured who have taken the
Golden Specific 10 their coffee without tleir
kuowledge, ard to day believe they NUT
drinking EITHER owr free will. No htrnfpl
elect results from its administration Cures
guaranteed Send for circular ard full mar
icnlars Address in confidence. CONES
,.,srFlc 60, IsS Race Street, Cincinnati. o.
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02
MILFORD. DEL.

lMr grbsmehl comes TO Milford. with the hest
Of credenials and his reputation as workman
IL second to Hone in Delaware His stock speaks
foI its self
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

This executive committee now appeals
to the scholars themselves to be the first
to move. 1t is for you, scholars of the
American public schools, to arouse a
sentiment in your schools and in your
neighborhoods for this grand way of
celebrating the finding of America. Ed
ucators and teachers will meet you from
their side. But it is for you to begin
There are 13,00O.OOO now in the public
schools. You have the chance to con
duct a patriotic movement which vii
have place in history, and will strength
en- the republic through the coming cen.
fury
Milford chronicle., 1892-09-02

A programme of exercises win be
furnished by the executive committee
It will be simple and adapted to any
school, yet so arranged that more elabo-
rate exercises may be added whereve!
desired. The aim of this official pro
gramme will be that certain leading en-
ercises may be the same in every school
in the republic, and that ut least in one
feature the Chicago programme and the
school programme may be identical
In due time this executive committee
will make further suggestions.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1892-02-24
THE RAILROADS.

TIE Kansas City roads new move willre-
suit in passenger rates being lowered to 9
cents per mile.
IT is likely that all the railroads entering
Chicago willsbuild and use belt line in
stead Of eleyating their tracks in response
to the demand caused by the numerous
crossing accidents.
CIRCULAR issued by the Wisconsin Cen
trail announces the appointment of w. 6,
Pearce as purchasing agent, in place OF G..
G. Mcleod, assigned to other duties.
THERichmond Terminal plan or reorgan-
ization has not been announced, but it is
understood that it is about completed. The
scheme is to take in the entire collection of
roads that are classed as the terminal
group, including the East Tennessee.
AN injunction was served in New York
on the Central Trust company, temporarily
restraining that company from paying out
any money in its hands on account of the
detaulted coupons of the International d
Great Northern. The injunction was OBJ
tanned by the Missouri. Kansas e. Texas.
The gross earnings Of all lines of the
Northern Pacific railroad operated in
Minnesota were reported to the Minnesota
State Auditor. The total amount earned
in 1891 was Sc, 052, 6l354 The state tax on
this sum, at !, 2 and 3 per cent according
to the length OF time the various lines have
been in operation, amounts to $157,311.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1892-02-24
CASUALTIES.

A Two-MILLIoN dollar fire occurs at New
Orleans.
NUnrA, ARK, has been almost entirely
destroyed by fire. Loss, $125,O 600.
ONE of John g. James Dodson's carpet
mills at Schuykill. Pa, was destroyed by
fire. Loss, $150,OOO
AT Horizon, Wis, by the explosion of a
tank Of crude oil recently William and
Robert Gadow were SO seriously injured
that their recovery is doubtful.
WHEAT in Tennessee was considerablyin in
jured by the late freeze, by being ''spewed
up" by the roots out of the ground.
Whole fields are entirely Destroy
ed.
CAPT. GAULr and four seamen ofthe seal
ing schooners Oscar and Hattie were
drowned at Nestucca. Or, while attempt
ing to land in small boat.
The steamer Mariposa brings news from
Honolulu that the whaling bark Tanner
lane was wrecked on the night of Feb. 2 on
the rocks off the coast or Puma, Hawaii.
Eighteen lives were lost, nineteen of those
on board being saved.
AN explosion ofmolten metal occurre d
at McConway Torley & Co.'S foundry in
Pittsburg terribly burning Patrick OBrien
George Thomas, Josef Moisk Anton Sholi-
ski and Anton Sciatti. All will recover
except 'Brien.
A DREADFUL casualty occurred near Was h.
burn, on the Fort Worth railroad. Two
small children of Mr.. Oliver. while playing
in All organ box, built a fire, which ignited
their clothes, and they were burned to
death. The house also caught fire and was
consumed. Mrs. Oliver was so shocked it
is thought she will die.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1892-02-24
MISCELLANEOUS.

The brewery war is soon to end.
The National Real Estate congress opens
in Nashville, Tenn.
CONGRESSMAN LIND begins fight in the
house in defense of the interstate commerce
law.
The Pine Ridge agency Indians organize
a society with the purposerof advancement
in the scale of civilization.
Iris proposed to have national confer
ence ofindependent voters held in New
York in April.
Ex-CoMMIssIoNER of the Trunk lines
Albert Fink has been offered the presidency
of the great Richmond Terminal system
after its reorganization.
MINNESOTA commissioners make their
final report to the governor, showing do
nations Of cash and -four made to Russian
suffers.
The steamship City of Berlin is detained
at quarantine in New York for an examin-
alton of the Russian passengers, forty in
number. There is said to be q case Of ty-
plus on board.
BETWEEN fifteen and twenty wolves have
madestheir appearance in West Seneca, q
suburb of Buffalo, and women and chill
dren are afraid to 60 out of doors. "A large
party OF men is hunting the wolves.
The case against the l40 Chinese at San
Francisco who were charged with illegally
entering the United States were called in
the United States court. Each princi pal
had two Chinese su-cties on his bond, the
gross sum amounting to $210, co., As nei-
ther principals nor sureties appeared in
court Judge Morrow ordered the cases de-
faulted and the bonds forfeited.