davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12
WANT THE COTTON CONTACTS CHANGED

Charleston s. c., Oct. II (SpcciaD.-Thc Charleston
Cotton Exchange to-day adopted resolution joining
the Galveston and 81. Louis exchanges in urging the
Ncw-York Cotton Exchange 10 alter It's form Of con
tract so thnt nothing below low middllngs cotton can
be rendered making the standard OF grades assimiate
with those Of Liverpool and Bremen: that n this
change IS made the Ncw-York contract market will
lo a benefit 10 the producer. and this exchange will
use It's best cndeavorS n prevent the pas'ags OF the
Anil Option bill. now before Congress-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12
v,rvsDr,rrBs AND BOOKSELLERs.

,.hrads,phia oct. 1.-THE tenth annual convention
rho Newsdealcrs and Booksellers Association opened
ms morning here and VIII continue until Thursday
ri,c The session was called 70 order bv President
o.,n, + Henzel. Of Albany. Then the credentials OF
n ,i,Itlnc delegates examined and adjournment
snouad for a drive through Fairmount Park This
nnino the members Of the association viewed the
Catholic Columbian parade IN Broadst.. from seats
re.cryed for them.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12

10 n m.-Milltarv and civic parade starting at tne
Eattery thence 70 Broadway, to fouitn-.,,' ,,or
arcund Washington square, 10 rhtn.nto,, ,,h 81 IN
feminist TO Fourth ave. to seven'eeh,ns,,'' !"
Fifh.av. to Fifty nnth-st.. and there disDanh.
4 D. m-tnveiing Of Columbus Monument at 1eh'h-
ave. and Fifty -nnth-st. c. ra
u. m.-Night pageant with allegoncal ioats s., ana
frcworks illumination over the route OF the military
parade. . t ,ho cnoId
D. m-L2dicS' reception and banquet OF me opaid
ing Literary tnion No. 50 West siXuethst'
TOMORROW.
d. m-Tublic dinner at LenoX Lyceum'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12
THE ff,IICE AND THE PETITE BDCRsE.

Paris. Oct lit is officially stated that the police
Will not interfere with the holding of the Petite
Bourse in the Passage de rOpcra unless they find that
tie cousers doing business there obstruct the streets
has heretofore been the custom OF the colssicrs,
Who agepts who transact business before or after
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12

regular exchange hours. TO meet in the central hall
Of The Credit Lyonnais. but the police forbade them
to DO business there. The couissiels then decided
to meet IN the Passag. de rOpera which Is the
OPP side side Of the boulevard from the Credit L. nnis.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12
EX-SENATOR SLOAN MAY BE IPPOIyrED.

Watertown. " Y. oct. IL" The Times Of ihls
city publishes an interview today with secretary
Charles Foster, in which the secretary inumates
that George d. Sloan. Of Oswego will be called 10
be an Assistant Secretary Of the Treasury O; Wash
tnStou. .-----.-.l
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12
Number Of
.-ofrr- ReQi~if

The following returns far made up. by AS
semby districts ~ the registration in the city ycstcr
day were sent to Police Headquarters las' night:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1892-10-12
CHICAGO TO H4TE 4 GREAT TELESCOFE'

Formerly included In the i;ehtccn;h Ward.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

lights placed at the lower end Of the
room and at the upper end. precisely fifty
feet from the lens, exactly where the focus
must be. an eye piece is fixed. Now the
myriad rays Of light from the star must
fall upon every point of surface of the
forty-inch lens. and each must fall at
such an angle that they viii be refracted
to common point just exactly fifty
feet away. You cannot even imagine
a mathematical point-a point SO small
that II could not possibly be smaller. Yet
Mr.. Clark's business is to make that great
forty-inch len. so perfect in its curve that
every one Of those countless rays shall
come to q mathematical point at precisely
fifty feet. If one single ray falls the
breadth of spider strand away from that
point. the lens is defective and the lens
maker, with keen, blue eye and his life
long experience aud his tireless patience,
must find where that particular ray strikes
the surface of the lens, and then. with his
lump of soft beeswax. or perhaps with his
thumb, be must lightly rub that spot until
this ray is turned into its proper course;
and this must be done so deftfy, so ex-
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

paid to the general appearance of this big
yard. In front stand two neat frame
houses, one the old HON estead where
Alvan Clark lived for more than hall
century, the other the more modern home
of Avian @. Down at the rear OF the
gently sloping grounds stands small,
shambling brick structure, picturesque
enough, but hardly suggestive OF the
unique enterprise il shelters. In this 10"
building. buried to its window sills, Mr..
Clark, with only two assistants, shapes
and grinds and polishes the lenses which
make the heavens yield to US their thrill
ing mysteries.
/ cannot hope to give in few words
anything like an adequate idea of the skill
and patience employed in the manufacture
of these great detectives. The story merely
of how the glass, the raw material. IS
made would warrant the use of more
space than have at my disposal. But
suggestion of the nicely of this latter pro-
cess may be found in the fact that almost
four years ago the glassmakers began
work on two discs, from which Mr.. Clark
is to make a forty-inch Tense for the
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05
TO BRING STARS NEAR
How Alvan Clark Constructs
the Great Telescopes.
INFINITE CARE AND PATIENCE.
Work 80 Delicate That q Deviation Less
Than the Breadth OF Spiders
Strand Would Ruin 1t.

There is nothing made by human hands
that is more nearly perfect than the object
glass of great telescope. Each slender
thread OF q spiders web is composed of
many thousand strands, each strand so
fine that four millions of them would
make thread no thicker than a human
hair. In other words, roughly speaking,
spiders strand Is as much smaller than
hair as hair is smaller than tele-
graph pole. Yet in the lens OF great
visual telescope deviation of the breadth
of q spiders strand would be noticeable,
and in a Photographic telescope it would
be fatal to the purpose of the glass.
Americans, accustomed to hearing their
countrymen accused of sIipshod methods
in the manufacture of their wares, cannot
but take pride, then, in the fact that the
man who makes the greatest refracting
telescopes the world has ever known is an
American of the ninth generation. Mr..
Alvan G. Clark, of Camoridgeport, Mass,
is descendant directly along the male
line of Thomas Clark, the mate of the May
flower.
Mr.. Clark's father, the founder of the
famous house of Alvan Clark IL Sons, tel
escope makers, was very remarkable
man. Until after his fortieth year he de-
voted himself to portrait painting, and
so accurate was his eye, so delicately skill
full his hand and 80 inexhaustible his
patience that his portraits stand today al
most unexcelled in point Of likeness and
we'll nigh indispensable in point of ex-
quisltely careful finish. In everything
that required keen vision and close exacti-
tude he was successful. 1t is related that
once he watched game of billiards, say
ing at the close that he believed he could
play, and although he had never before
handled cue he played a game far above
the averages of ordinary billiardists. But
perhaps the most wonderful of his many
accomplishments was his craftsmanship.
1t is said that with rifle he could put bull
let after bullet through distant board
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

with such precision that one would say
only q single shot had been fired. and this
is partially explained by the fact that he
made his own rifles with his own hands,
and used that same marvellous exactitude
in the boring of the barrel, the setting of
the sights and the cutting of the bullets
that afterward gave him his worldwide
fame as a lens maker.
1t was not until 1s43, when Alvan Clark
was more than 40 years old, that his at
tention was turned to telescope making.
In that year the accidental breaking of
dinner bell at the Phillips academy, And
over, prepared the way for the most inn
portant advance that the science of prac-
teal astronomy has ever made. George
Bassett Clark, son OF Alvan and elder
brother of the present Alvan G., was a
pupil at the academy. Gathering up the
cast away fragments of the bell he took
them home, put them into a crucible with
some tin, and proceeded to melt them in
the kitchen fire, informing his mother that
he was going to make telescope. The
mother smiled indulgently upon this pot
tering interference with her more
important culinary arrangements, but
the father, when ne learned of
il, took more serious view of
the matter. He became so deeply inter
ested in the work that he laid aside his
paints and brushes and gave his time and
genius To the shaping and polishing of his
sons reflector. The result was tive-inch
rejecting telescope which showed the sat-
elites of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn and
other telescope objects. That was the be-
ginning from which have grown, in grad
ual succession. the famous refracting tele-
scopes OF the Vienna university U2 inch
aperture), the Morrison observatory a2%
inch aperture), the Wisconsin university
I5I1 inch), the Warren observatory DC
! inchl, the Northwestern university Us12
| inch) the Denver university GO inch) the
| Princeton university (23) inch), the Uni
versity OF Virginia (26 inch), the United
| States naval observatory at Washington
( (25 inchl, the Pulkowa observatory of
, Russia (30inch}, and the great Lick OBJ
! servatory of California (36 inch), the larg-
est lens in the world, though a still larger
! one is in process of construction, as SD all
/ show later on.
! Alvan Clark never again took up his
| paint brushes until forty years later, when,
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

at the age of So, he made an exQuisitely
beautiful and wondrously iteliEe portrait
Of his grandson, who had recently died.
This young man, the only son Of Avian
c.. was the hope of the family, il not, in
deed. the hope Of astronomical science, for
II WAS TO him that the great work was 10
fall hen his grandfather and his father
should have passed away, and he was be-
ing carefully trained, As his father before
him had been from early boyhood. 10 the
methods which had made this house pre-
eminent among the worlds great lens
makers. 1t is matter of serious import
that the only man now living who can
make these great lenses IS well along II his
Goth year
The street car conductor told me
should know Mr.. Clsrk's place when
came e. u, for il was "a big yard, full o.
smokeSgaC&s." The '=InokestackS, |
found, We're telescope tubes, for whenever
Mr., Clark makes glass of new size he
erects rough tube IN which TO test II on
the stars, and these tubes all remain,
monumental reminders Of his successive
triumphs, for II lSe2 he broke the record
o. large leases. and ever since has been
breaking over and ove< his Own otherwise
Uaapp.eashe1 gelag1. L.lI.e- aIteII.o2 Is
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

ground with an adjustable tool or form so
constructed that the pressure may be in
creased or diminished at any point Thus
the disk Is brought into approximately It's
final form. This Is al comparatively
coarse work. 1t is really very line work.
In making the measurements al this stage
Mr.. Clark employs an instrument Ga home
made affair. which looks as if 1t had been
whitfield out with a jack kulfe) that re gis-
tiers one -thousandth OF an inch.
But says he, this is used only Tor
coarse measurements No instrument
can be made by human hands for measur-
ing the inhnitesimal distances which are
so important III the final shaping of one of
these great lenses. The human eye. and a
rarely keen and long praoiiced one at thar.
Is the only instrument MT TO make these
measurements.
The maj shaping and polishing are
done with beeswax and rouge. Think OF
grinding this tinty glass with beeswax!
Ii taxes from eighteen months 20 two
years n 10 il. Oh, the patience of i'll
And then the final testing: The lens il
taken hack into the long, dark room,
Whence IL was brought two years before.
Again II Is set on edge midway Of the.rsv-
.sss Iu1aeAs An astlny;sl stas-eapesnf-oS
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

Spence observatory at Los Angeles, Cal,
and only one of them has as yet been sent
to Mr. Clark. Time and again, with in
finite care and patience the glassmaker
must try, for if there be speck, bubble,
a wave or flaw of any kind, no matter
how minute, Mr.. Clark will not accept it.
To show me how clear this glass must be
Mr.. Clark placed in my hand six-inch
disc, covered with Opaque substance, and
asked me to look through hole which
seemed to have been cut through its d.
ameter. / said l saw nothing strange;
it was like looking through any hole.
Exactly" said he, "only you are not
looking through hole.
was looking through six inches of solid
glass. What seemed to be hole was really
two Numerically opposed places where the
opaque coating had been removed. Then
was informed that if a wall of such glass
ten feet thick stood before me in such a
position that 1 could see no reflection
from it should not know of its presence.
1t is literally as clear as air. No wonder q
single disk of it forty inches in diameter
and perhaps ten inches thick costs Mr..
Clark 5000.
The process of making lens from such
a disk Is exceedingly simple. There is
very little machinery and no secret If
you have the necessary patience, Mr..
Clark will let you stand by and see all the
work done. First he tests the disk for
stri@-that is, he sets it up on edge mid
way of a long dark room. At one end Of
the room he places light, then takes his
position at the other end of the room. An
assistant now holds q lens between the
light and the disk, and as the rays
are intensified npon the disk they magnify
whatever streaks or waves or ineeuaii-
ties of whatsoever nature there may be in
the disk; and Mr.. Clark's keen and prac-
tised eye can determine whether the flaw
is in the body of the glass or near enough
to the surface to be removed by the pol
ishing process.
Next he tests it for polarized light by
simply taking 1T to the outer light, laying
it fat upon a polished redwood bed and
viewing It at proper angle through are
volving Nicol prism. If, as the prism
turns, the disk changes shades regularly
and evenly throughout its face, it is good
optical glass, but If it shows cloudy in
spots or streaks it must be rejected.
Having stood these tests, the disk is
ready TO be shaped. But first very i'm
portant problem in mathematics must be
solved. An order for telescope contains
two essential specifications-nameiy, the
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

quisitely, that meantime no other ray is
disturbed. 1t makes ones head swim to
think of the fineness of this work.
and with your bare thumb you can
wear down such glass as this ?" asked.
For answer Mr.. Clark took up an old
castaway disk and gave it less than a
dozen sharp rubs with the smooth, soft
thick of his thumb. There" said he. ''if
this had been perfect lens that would
have changed its shape enough to ruin it. !"
/ wanted to accuse the man of playing
upon me, but his earnestness forbade
And then there Was that mathematical
point staring me in the imagination. And
as I stood wondering whether / ought to be
amused or amazed Mr.. Clark. pointing at
the twenty-four-inch compound lens he is
making on the order of Miss C. w. Bruce
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

of New York, for the photographer tele-
scope to be given by her to Harvard uni
verslty, said: when that lens is finished
we can hide every ray of light from many
more than dozen stars at time behind
a spiders strand at its focal point"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

diameter of the object glass and the length
of focus. If, for example, the order be
foot focus. Mr.. CLARK must deter
mine what curve to give the glass in
order that every ray OF light which
strikes its surface may be refracted to a
common point precisely fifty feet away.
When this is computed, an iron casting
is made of the size and shape each side of
the lens is to be-a conceve casting for the
convex side of the glass and vice versa.
This casting is trued up on lathe and the
disk is laid upon it and revolyed, steel
crushings being strewn between the two to
grind the disk. This brings the glass
roughly into the shape of the lens Then,
with eight courses of emery, each course
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05
The Last Obstacle Removed.

Jennie-But you can't support wife on
Sl2 week, George.
6eorge-1rpe, darling; but our firm
always raises its men 10 $3.50 when they
?" gsE@aIIisi.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05
Mr.. Yale
5eA>...-NA..,,.,.z1

Invented the famous "YALRn loek
A thousand other men have tried =
equal it, and-failed. Others initiate 4
but all they have produced is sin'ia
key, and the key has fooled manys
man. The only genuine "YALE" Locks
are made by THE YALE & Town
MANUFACTURING COMPANY, and hsn
the word "YALE" in some form on lca
and key. You can't afford anything
out genuine "YAtE" when you was
slock. Sold wherever locks sell.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

Hats Hair Rsnewe gUDsAaken is 8 das dress:
tps Ia. lie as.E.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

Of course that famous old man. whom
President Lincoln and John Hay made
celebrated as the only citizen of Gettvs.
burg who actually participated in the
battle. is always inquired about by visit
ors. One Of our party. who visited the
humble cottage once occupied by John
Burns, found guide who took a great
deal OF the patriotic romance out Of the
Old genuenansa performance. Burn.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1892-06-05

formation had been brought to him by
young men of the neighborhood who had
been acting as voluntary scouts and mes
sengers. The old gentleman was in Gettsy-
burg town during the entire three davs'
battle, part of the time occupying a good
point OF observation on the roof of his own
house. lie had quite an experience with
the officers and men of Lees army. who
occupied the town during the three days.
lighting. His theory is that Gettysburg
would have been reduced to ashes but for
the fact that the courthouse, all the churches
and nearly all the houses in the town
were filled with Confederate wounded He
had somewhat unpleasant experience
with General Early, and he related IN me-
a story about General John B. Gordon of
Georgia, which seemed almost incomnre-
henslble. He said that after the fighting
OF the first day, General Gordon delivered
In the public square of the town A fierv
harangue 10 number of frightened Get
tysburgers, during which he indrlged in
most awful threats against everything and
everybody connected with the Union
cause. he announced that it was the in
tention OF Lees armies TO defeat the army
OF the Potomac, 10 march on PhiladeIphia
Baltimore and Washington, and so creat
was ms enthusiasm and so strong his he.
lief, that he almost converted the Gettvs.
burgers to his way of thinking
General Gordon today is one OF the
most loyal and conservative men ~
the south. He was splendid fighter dur.
ing war. IL Is possible that his fiery tom
per led him away at Gettysburg, / donht
that he would care to see that speech In
print now, for. since the boastful nerforn1-
ances OF the French leaders at Agincourt
there has been nothing quite so ridicuIons
as general officer on battlefield talkiny
OF the great deeds about TO be performed
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-07-12
UNCLE SAINTS PRISONERS REVOLT
Against Being Made to Work In the Ohio
Penitentiary.


COLUMBUS, O., July Ill Special THE
United States prisoners in the Ohio Peni-
tentiary formed conspiracy to revolt
against continuing at labor the same as
State prisoners. The revolt was led by
Frank Balm, an eiSht-year Arkansas pris-
oner, who, under the former administra-
tion, had an easy position with many priv
ileges, but when the present came
in he was placed at work again. Under his
lead 20 or 80 of the prisoners Joined in
an effort to get out of work, and when they
were called upon to go out they refused
and claimed they did not have to work, as
the United States paid for their keeping.
and it was optional with them whether they
labored. The prison officials thought other
wise, and ordered them to their tasks, and
for few moments the situation looked
ugly, some of the prisoners declaring they
would die before they would go to work.
Finally all but two concluded they would
temporarily return to the shops, and the
ducking tub was brought into requisition,
and after few minutes with the torture
the remaining two were ready to obey tho
rules. 1t has always been mooted ques-
tion whether United States prisoners could
be compelled to work. and it is expected
the affair of to-day will lead to an investi-
cation and an official opinion on the ques-
tion. Prisoners like E L. Harper, the
bank wrecker, preferred to work, and such
were not engaged in the revolt
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-07-12
GLASS WORKERS IN SESSION.
Over Three Hundred Delegates Meeting at
Corning. New York.

Over Three Hundred Delegates Meeting at
Corning, New York.
CORNING, n. Y, July Ill Special J.
The sixteenth annual session of the Amer
ican Flint Glassworkers began at Corning
at A. M. to-day, about $50 delegates from
various parts of the United States
being present President Burke, of the
local union, delivered an address of
welcome, which was replied to by Will
liam j. Smith, President Of the National
Association. A committee on credentials
was appointed and the convention ad-
journed to 8 A. NJ. tomorrow. The parade
of glass blowers and representatives from
the various trade unions in this neighbor-
hood occurred at 2:3O o'clock this afternoon.
There was some excitement over
,h, md,ed ssSrs Sss tn. as viss it ."tso,ts, Ssi ie
would interfere with it. No such action
was taken, however, and the 1000 men in
line followed out their programme, which
included march to St. Mary's Cemetery,
where memorial services were held in honor
of the memories of IA glass workers who
were killed in the Erie wreck at Ravenna,
O., year ago An approx riate address
was delivered by John A. Howard.
1t was expected to unveil monument on
this occasion, but owing to the strike among
the granite cutters it was not completed.
The Mayor has given notice that he willnot
allow any demonstrations after to-day; that
if any are attempted the police will inter-
tere. This is owing to feeling caused by
occurred nearly two years ago, and which
has never been raised. The Mayors SYM
pathies being with the employers, the union
men don't take kindly to this edict, and
many predict that it will not be obeyed and
that trouble viii result.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1892-07-12
A Very Determined Colonel.

Before Company c, of Columbia, left that
place for Harrisburg this morning Colonel
Case, commander of the Fourth Regiment,
made brief speech to the men, during
which he said that he had heard that several
members OF the company had said that they
would hand their muskets to the strikers If
they got into a conflict. The Colonel de-
clared with great emphasis that the first
man he saw doing such an act he would