The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1892-07-29
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

About $50, 600 barrels of cider and
perry are annually made in the western
counties of England, the sweet in Here
ford and the rough in Devon. In tho
Dominion of Canada about 1000, 900
gallons of cider are drank yearly.
Upon investigating the causes that
led to brittleness in the manufacture of
horseshoe nails, 1t was found that the
pan in which they were annealed was
not well luted over, and that enough
air leaked through to affect the nails;
too great an amount of oxygen was the
trouble.
Trials of compound armor plate at
Shoeburyness, England, are held to
have demonstrated that, when these
plates have been submitted to the Ire
sidden supplemental process they pos
scss powers of resistance and endurance
much exceeding the compound plates
tried in this country in competition
with nickel steel.
The quantity OF cheese exported
from Canada in 1891 was 1O6, 202, 900
pounds, of the value of 50, sos, 800, as
compared with "a, 000, 900 pounds, valued
Mt sS,253,0O0 in 1874, and 69,755, 423
pounds, value $1,25l, 9S9, in 1884 This
rapid development in the manufacture
of cheese naturally limited the output
of butter.
In many cases on the continent
there are no tolls whatever levied upon
the canals, and in others the charges
are merely nominal. SO much is this
the case in France that the amount of
traffic along the canals and rivers IN
rapidly increasing, until now the guam
tity Of merchandise entering and leav-
ing Paris by waterway is moro than n
third of that conveyed by rail
Paper manufacture IL one Of the
leading industries of Corea, Besides its
use for writing paper, IL is employed in
great diversity of ways, such as string,
and in the making of lanterns hats,
shoe solcs, coats and boxes, II is made
from the bush of the mulberry order,
which is indigenous, growing in many
parts of the kingdom, but thriving best
in the moist, warm climate of the south.
In the new form of telescope for
stadia work spider lines are entirely
omitted, and instead n prism is placed
SO as to cover one-half the objective of
the telescope, the consequence being
that the rays passing through the prism
make an angle with the rays passing
through the unobscured half of the OBJ
jective, and this angle is constant what
ever the distance of the object observed.
Speaking of oleomargarine, Prof.
Charles +. Chandler, New York's most
eminent chemist, says that the opposi-
ton to its use is unreasonable and based
MANY on commercial and political
motives. In fact 1t is composed of pre-
cisely the same chemical constituents
as butter made of cows milk, and peo-
Pile who will be offended to find 1t on
the table in place of butter find no
fault with beef suet served up in mince
pies and plum buildings.
1t is proposed, says Nature, that
Englishmen shall celebrate the fourth
centenary of the discovery Of the new
world, and do honor to the memory of
Columbus by establishing in jamaica n
marine biological station on the lines
of the marine laboratories at Naples
| and Plymouth. The institution would
be called 1.-THE Columbus Marine Bio
| logical Station" For the establishment
of the laboratory on "A sound basis an
outlay of $75, 900 will be required.
Some trials with solidifed petro-
leum were made few weeks ago at the
works of the Soliditied Petroleum Cor
poration at Hackney Wick, London, and
they demonstrated that a sx-horse-
power tubular boiler containing eighty
gallons of water could be heated by 81
pounds of the Chcnhall fuel Tor solidi-
fed oiD, and in 36i. minutes steam
raised to indicate 80 pounds to the inch,
while 1t took 100 pounds Of coal and
wood to raise steam 90 pounds in one
hours time. Engineering and Mining
Journal.
Chile, with an area OF 203, go square
miles and population of 900, 900, pro-
| duces 81 900, 900 bushels Of wheat, pa
900, 600 gallons of wines and other
things on like scale yearly. The woods
of Voldivia are famous and the fruit of
Coquimbo is greatly esteemed. The
| foreign trade of Chile by the latest sta
tistics is $500, 600, 900 year equally di-
vided into exports and imports. Chile
is an illustration of what developed
South American country can do. The
United States imports from Chile
amounted To 81, ls3. PAS, and her exports
to Chile were 81. l45.627 Should an in
ter-contincntal railway be built it
would develop large commercial inter
changes. st. Lous Globe Democrat.
The estimated production of
matches per year throughout the globe
is given at $50 milliardS. Russia pro-
duces II, 423, 0Oo, 600; Germany 10, 30. =
000, 900; England II, 235, 0lO,0Oo; France
II ,523, 600 600: Austria s,Gsg. 900, 600 and
Italy $3.50, 900. 900. Sweden is now the.
greatest center for match production.
owing To the plentiful supply of wood
in that country. The output OF some
of their factories is immense, averaging
from l20, OOO. 900 to POO, 0o0, 900 boxes
per year, and they are exported to all
parts of the world. \ skillful worker
there can dip no less than 5000, 900
matches in one day Taxing the whole
population of the globe there is an
average daily consumption equal 10 one
per head The total value Of matches
made annually throughout the globe
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