The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-08-07

to the stems leaving very little to do for the
hand hoe that comes after it. and IN the case
is a waste Of labor. therefore a waste OF
good as u many stemmed one.
Tho rows OF vines are planted across the hill
sides and not up and down them as we some
times SEQ. and they are eight feet apart.
The burrows between the rows keep the
rain from rushing down the hillside That
Vigorous vnes. like The Concord . are en planted
like the Delaware only six feet apart. The
supports to which the vines arc trained are
hTss sran rss o M "f1 Srsps Ne hs
end posts are stout. the inner ones about the
size Of stout split Rt, ras. and as they stand in
ground. The posts are cut in W inter-. from the
sr9Sts on the Rass into
size; then they are pointed, with an axe: and
stacked for n yearor more to season. Green
able tmber-yellow locust. red cedar. or chest
nut.if driven into tho ground green and with
the bark on will soon rot, whereas the same
continue sound for many, years. Where tho
ground is moderately level or oven the posts
where the hills and ho!lows are steep and deep.
tho nosts have to be set closer t9 admit Of the
distance from the ground. The posts are
driven into the ground bv II hea MALE and.
OF course. are never driven deep enough to be
beyond the power of the frost to heave them in
But little notice is taken OF that. Tor tho trou.
the frost has left the ground. before the vine
buds swell couple OF men. with horse and
posts; one man straiGhtens the posts and tho
other man. standin. in tho cart. hits the post
on his right hand side sharp blow or two
same to tho post on Ills left hani side. iirmins
them perfectly. The first wire is about twenty
eighteen inches above that. and the third. or
t,op. wire about eighteen inches above the mid;
Every spring and Il Is to ppsvent strasins the
heavy post Is used at each end Of the rows.
TRAINING THE VINES.
The vines consist OF ono upright stem and
four, branches two inclined to each side. The
are S oa the the middle MD den or ssconi
wire; it is reserved for the young growth: Tho
tying is done with slender willow withes
which hold good all summer In June when
the young shoots have to be tied to the wires.
else they are likely to be broken. dishevoed.
and dagonally upward to the top wire. and
lys aes @a Tn 4 fey few stsMs bS
brittle ana nGsns - s93 because after
place Independent OF any artificial fnstenngs.
Green PUSHES (JaHcusl are also used for the
summer tying. and when they can be had in
plenty are liked better than the green rye
straw About the middle or end Of July somo
of the young shoots will have grown out be-
yond bounds. and must DO tied in or short,
sned, In shortening them care is taken not
one.third Of the cane inst enough to cause II
unaduly exciting its buds to break into laterals
Abundant foliage Is 9t primary importance
beneficial to the fruit, and It is a fact In yege-
table nhysiol Sgy that healthful foliage Is an
have lots OF roots one must have lots Of leaves.
and as grower cannot have good grapes
without good roots. he must encourage good
foliage to be able to secure substantial feeders.
No crop Is planted In the spaces between the
rows OF vines. Some years ago potatoes were
tried. but they interfered so much with the
proper cultivation OF the land In the summer
that their cultivation has been discontinued.
The vines are pruned after the leaves have
fn!len and any time through the winter. AS
all hands are busy in tho wine cellars In No
vember and December, the most favorable and