davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
SCORCH PAINTING.
BY Lillian EAsTERS.

Typography or Scorch Painting as
an amusement Is as well suited to mas
cullne as to feminine fingers, and the
effective results which follow patient
work are such as to induce all who see
to wish to do likewise. Without pa
tience and accuracy, utter failure will in
evitably follow, especially as no line or
mark can be eGaced when 1t is once
deeply put in. Scorch Painting is
usually done on smooth Hight colored
wood and almost any article made of it
may be thus ornamented. provided that
designs are chosen to suit the reqnire-
ments of the future surroundings. Til V
white wood easels, photo frames, bel
lows, bread-platters, lids of chests and
boxes, table tors and legs, as well as
scores of similar articles, may be en-
bell1shed with what seem. on a cursory
examination to be sepia sketches,
In addition to the wood itself, the
worker will need a specially contrlved
machine, for which about twelve shiI-
iings will have to be paid. Skilled
hands manage with amateurish tools
adapted by themselves, but beginner
needs all the help possible, and should
send to some artists colorman, for one
of the recently invented machines. If
procurable, e erman mnchines are said
to be even better and more convenient
than English ones. Described briefly
the arrangements for typography con.
sist of a bottle not full of benzoline
(Which is highly infIammabIe and must
be used with the utmost csre), into
which are put two tubes the other ends
of which are held, one in each band.
The left hand of the worker grasps a
bellows which is affixed to the one tube,
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
=
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lzN.--55 - s-.@aV


SC on find that by heating the irons, or
allowing them to ool down a little, by
moving them slowly or swiftly, she eau
produce almost an shade of co.or from
a mere brownish mark to a deep black
line. Owing to the impossibillty (Which
i believe l mentioned before) of nj
tering any mark once well burnt in,
any parts concerning which there is
the least doubt should be merely singed
with the finest of points that the mark
may be wiped off with a penknife, if
unsuccessful, and re-done with q
coarser, hotter iron, if in the right
place.
OF course the choice of Patterns, as
well as the method of developing them,
must depend upon the article to be
ornamented. Fine points only are
available on small articles made of thin
wood, snch as the matchbox illustrated
in the second sketch, while all sizes
will he needed for large and elabor-
ate pie ce of work. Land-and sea-scapes,
floral and geometrical designs, may all
be utilized, and adopts can often work
mp faces very successfully. Face-ana
figure drawing, should never be at
tempted, unless success is absolutely
assured, for nothing Is more grotesque
than failure in this particular style
of design.
Our second and third sketches are
also suggestions for Poker Painting.
The book cover, on which a quill-pen
and a pencil are crossed, represents
one of the easiest designs which a nov
ice could have to begin upon. Should
the size of the boards permit, the pen
and PENCIL should lie of natural size.
Upon TIE other half of the cover, the
name of the book might be worked in
fanclful but legible letters, surrounded
by as handsome border as the worker
can advise.
The sea-scape on the matchbox de-
mands the use of finer points than are
required for the book-cover. If pre-
ferIed, the design may be that picture
of the Ark, with the procession of
birds and beasts, which is used as a
trademark or advertisement by well
known firm of match-maders. The
most difficult subject is the photo
frame, which we give as the first illus
tration, and which has been casually
alluded to before. The Poker Painter
must be sure that the borders are quite
accurate, and the flowers as naturally
done as the tools will permit If nice
ly done the soft shades OF brown will
be found to tone in charmingly with
the tints of a photograph.
When complete ell, poker work may be
vanished, this much enl an .es its
brightness. and is in some cases a
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
THE STORY OF ZERO.

1t is about this time of the year thai
we all begin to think of Zero" The
word is from the Spanish, and means
empty, hence nothing. 1t was first
used as thermometer, in 1909, by
i'russian merchant named Fahren-
heit.
From boy he was a close observer
OF nature, and when only nineteen
years old, in the remarkably cold
winter OF 1909, he experimental by
putting snow and salt together, and
notice d that it produced a degree of
cold equal to the coolest day in the
year.
And that day being the coolest that
the Oldest inhabItant could remember,
Fahrenheit was the more struck with
the coincidence of his little scientific
discovery, and hastily concluded that
he had found the lowest degree of tenn
perature known to the world, either
natural or natural
He called the degree zero, and con-
structed thermometer, or rude weather
glass, with a scale graduating up from
zero to boiling point, which he num-
~, and the freezing point 80, because,
as he thought, mercury contracted the
tuC -s6COuu VI on De-
ing cooled down from the temperature
of freezing water to zero, and expanded
the one hundred and eightieth on be-
ing heated from thu freezing TO the
boiling point.
lime showed that this arrangement,
instead of being truly scientific, was as
arbitrary as the division of the Bible
into verses and chapters ;ard that these
two points no more represented the
real extremes of temperature than
''from Dan to Beersheba" expressed
the exact extremes of Palestine.
But Fahrenheit's thermometer had
been widely adopted, with it's lncon-
venient scale, and none thought of any
better until his name became an author
Ity, for Fahrenheit finally abandoned
trade and gave himself up to science.
Then habit made people cling to the
established scale, Just as habit makes us
cling to the old system of cumbrous
fractional money.
The three countries which use Fahren-
heit are Britain, Holland and America.
Russia and Germany use Reaumer's
thermometer, in which the boiling
point is counted so above the freezing
point. France uses the centigrade
thermometer, so called because it marks
the boiling point 100 from the freezing
poinG.
On many accounts the centigrade
system is the best, and the triumph of
convenience will be attained when zero
is made the freezing point, and when
the boiling point is put 100 or 1000
from it, and the the subdivisions are
fixed decimally.
If Fahrenheit had done this at first,
or even if he had made it one of his
many improvements after the public
adopted his error, the luck of oppor-
tunity, which was really his, would
have secured to his invention the pat
ronage of the world.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
THE FAMILY SCRAP BASKET.

some housekeepers who have been
greatly troubled with the tenderness of
pressed glass may be glad to learn of
a practice which is well worth trying.
Goblets, tumhlers and jars are packed
in large boiler upon a false bottom or
network of wooden Stats to keep them
from direct contact with the fire. The
boiler is then filled with cold water and
the CO ntents boiled for several hours /;
they are then removed from the fire
and the glass allowed to cool slowly in
the boiler when it will be found to be
greatly toughened.
Cut glass, the creyices of which
secrete dust, needs to be washed with
hot suds and the cuttings scrubbed
with a moderately stiff brush. Then
rinse IN warm water and wipe dry with
tissue paper. Where apertures are
desired as to hang a goblet bowl the
stem of which has been broken, in
order to hold flowers or as a recepta-
Gle for burnt matches, they can easily
be made without the trouble of drilling.
Cover the side with lump of putty or
stiI clay to the depth of more than an
inch, through which drill hole with
a large wire till the surface of the glass
is exposed at just the point it is desired
to pierce. Into that pour melted lead
and unless the crystal be of extrsordin-
ary thickness it will also melt and 1rop
out in circle corresponding IN size
and form with the uncovered portion.
In this manner pane of glass covered
with tracery or painting, may like
wise be prepared for a hanging orna-
ment.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
OUR NATIONAL BIRD.

1t has been proposed lately to orna
m mt the tip of the flagstaff used in the
regular army of the United States with
the representation In metal of the bald
eagle, which is the emblem of our
republic. The staffs of regimental
standards now terminate with pixies.
The eagle has already done duty in
this way upon the standards of other
nations, and particularly upon those of
Rome and France. The American
eagle, however, is of different variety
from the eagle of France and the
Roman republic. 1t is an American
variety-the "bald," or white headed,
eagle. The ordinary name of the Iird
is a misnomer. 1t is not bald, but
simply white-h headed, the feathers on
the head and neck of adult specimens
being snowy white.
The honor of first naming this bird
as the emblem of the United States be
longs to Johl j. Ande son, the nat
uTal s., whose Lame will be for ever
a sociated with our bird life He called
the bald eagle the "Washiugton eagle, !"
because he said, washington was as
brave, as the eagle is. Like it, too, he
was the terror of his enemies, and his
ldult, tAbShuluS lEOIn | ole 10 pOlS, re-
semhles the soarings of the mightiest
of the feathered tribe. If America has
reason to be proud of her Washington.
so has she to be proud of her great
eagle" The bald ea lie with wings ex.
tended, or displayed proper" as it is
called III heraldry, was made the en-
blrm of the United Sta es in the year
1855.
Benjamin Franklin did not approve
the choice. The bald eagle, he declared,
was very evil-disposed bird, who
would not ca an honest living, but
got his livelihood by violence, de cit,
and rapine. He did not consider such
q creature the worthy emblem of peo-
pie who had gsllantly driven out of
their country, all kingly birds of prey.
Franklin's critical Judgment did not
prevail. 1t is true, as lie declared, that
the bald eagle lives hiehy by violence
and theft, swooping down upon the
osprey, end snstching from this ipdus-
trIous bird the fish that it has Just
caught. But the eagle, on occasion,
can take fish { Of the water with
great skill. The eagle is, morever,
bird of dignity, as well as of bravery
and beauty, and its strong attachment
to its young and to its home certainly
it as an American emblem.
Sun
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
ALARGE WORLD 10 LIVE IN.

"How can girl so situated be so
well-informed, so entertaining, so alert
of mind, so fluent, so unconscious? She
is one of the best takers L have ever
met, and one of the best listeners. 1t
is wonderful; "a farmers daughter, who
has lived all her life in little, old
village, remote frC m every centre of
can she be what she is?'
"her village is little" was the an
swer, "but the world is large, and she
no one who has life more full of in
terests; it is that which makes her in
teresting."
The girl who was thus spoken Of has
an excellent chance of happiness. She
has secured no especial defence against
the great griefs of life, but against
the small vexations, the petty disap-
pointments and the narrow ambitions
which, more than great troubles, make
failures of so many lives, she has ref
uge.
Her new dress may prove a misft, or
her invitation to a wedding be accident
ally delayed until it is too late for her
to go. She will be annoyed, sharply
disappointed, even, but she will not
be overwhelmed with gloom nor her
temper soured for a week by such mis-
fortunes.
With newspaper or book in her
hand, she will, as soon as she has mas
tered her first surprise, take a mental
stroll into the big, breezy, busy world
where so much Is daily going forward,
which no delayed invitation, no ruined
dress, can keep her from enjoying. She
may not actively share in those great
movements whose progress she loves to
watch, but she can sympathiZe with
them, exult in their success, and keep
faith in them with steadfast pride t
the moments when they seem to fsrl.
- She won ers, sometimes, how 1t
that there are people who find life dull
dull with the magnificent drama
constantly enacted before their eyes Of
nations struggling toward freedom, of
kings playing with war and peace, of
great men working for great ends, of
brilliant men working up their own
success, regardless of what founda-
tion they build upon, of good men who
are toiling with heart and brain for
piteously mistaken causes, of suffering
humanity crying for relief, of the cour-
age, compassion and devotion that are
given TO still that cry. DULL The in
terest never flags, the end is never
reached, and for those who choose to
see there is something new and noble,
something touching, something hope
full, something merry every day.
No village is large enough-nor any
city, nor any country-for a healthy,
active, unselfish mind to dwell In.
Books, newspapers and the telegraph
make the whole world ours if we
choose. 1t is the privilege of the age.
They are most wise and most fortunate
who learn the most about their vast do
main, care most deeply for its varied
life, and unite their earnest hopes with
those of progressive nations, civilizing
races, and great movements for moral
ends; for these can never be finally de-
feated, and daily reward their sympa.
rhizers by preserving them from pet
tiness of spirit, and filing their lives
with noble interests.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
SHARPE'S WOUD OWL.

Our illustration represen a recent
addition to the collection of the Zoo
logical Society at Regents Park, Lon
don, to wit, specimen of Sharpe's
Wood Owl, (Syrniun, nuchaie.) The
bird, which is now located in the East
ern Aviary, comes from the West Coast
of Africa, aud is the first example of this
species that has been in the Society's
possession. Mr.. Bowdler Sharpe, o.:
the British Natural History Museum,
from whom the Owl takes its English
name, described it for the first time
few years ago; but nothing is as vet
known with regard to its habits. The
original locality was on the Gold Coast,
but specimens of this pretty little bird
have since been found as Tar south as
Liberia.
The general color of the body is a
warm dark brown, while the lighter
cross bands on the breast-featherO are
a rich yellowIsh brown, as are also the
spots on the head. The feet are yellow
with blackish claws, and one Of the
most striking points about the BIRD is
he presence of the Ipr rple rings, sur
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09

There Il new sanitarium in the
Riviera of Italy for the Inhalation of
ozone for the cure of most weaknesses,
particularly tuberculosis.
The best material for hardening and
temper rng malleable iron and steel
goods is SAID to be leather cind rs,
made by burning waste leather.
Children are not numerous in France.
Out OF 10, 900, 900 families in the he
public one-filrh have no children at all
AMI anoth fifth have one child each
The star Sirius, which is shown to be
about double the size of our sur, emits
from forty to sixty fold more Fight tran
the sun, owing to its matter being
much more diffuSed.
d. Koch's lymph, according to the
results of he experiments commuuicat-
ed to the last meeting of the Berlin
Germany Society FOR Internal Medi.
cine, seems TO have proved untrust.
worthy, even as means of diagnOsisfr:
tuberculosis.
The jeweler has drills 20 small that
they can bore a hoi- only One-thOus-
andth of an inch in diameter through
a precious stone.
The globular brass lantern, hitherto
IN use for military service Purposes, Is
to be superce led by fol1ing lantern
for use In tents.
Tie late Baron Martin. of England.
never would engage a servant who had
net come out OF racing stable. He
attached the highest pOssil import
arce 20 the moral quail ii s VIII ch be be-
lieved to be acquired under the
strict discipline or these establish
meuts
For as a ship without a rudder is
tossed to and fro with the waves, SO
the man that is negliG Gent is many ways
tempted.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
FIG. L.


while the right hand guides wooden
handle on the other tube, to which is
fixed a fine platinum point. The work
of the left hand is to puff the fumes of
the benzoline through the tubes to
keep the pencil point qglow, this hav-
ing been previously warmed to red
heat in the flame of lamp or gas. In
addition to these points, ''pattern
touches" as they are called. can now
be obtained from the artists. /
can best describe these by liken-
ing them to the tiny and fantasti-
cally shaped moulds used for cutting
pastry; n any designs can be had, rang
ing from the simplest shapes to elabor-
ate scroll work, the touches being
chiefly useful for ensuring the accuracy
of repeat pattern.
1t is never wise to work from mem
ory, or from loose pattern; the de-
sign to be copied must be carefully
traced on the wood, and perfected
there, before the irons touch it, then
the outlines should be put in, rather
slowly if they are coarse, next the shad-
ing, stippling and lighter touches eau
tiously, but rather quickly.
Poker Painting alone is IN better
taste than when Judson's dyes and
other colorlng matters are introduced,
although dull gilt background is no
bad setting to a we'll worked spray of
flewers or fruit. Occasionally the
smoke from the burning wood will
stain the background, this mark may
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
USE OF THE HANDS.
WHEN EMPLOYED IN WRITING NEARLY
EVERY MUSCLE IN THE BODY
HELPS THEM.

AT the late International Congress OF
Hygiene and Demography, in Section
4, which was concerned with the
hygiene of infancy aud school life, a
resolution was passed in favor of the
teaching of upright penmanship or
vertical writing, on the ground that
spinal curvature and short sight are
caused by the faulty position of the
youthful student, which is necessitated
by slope of the letters. We can all of
us remember the trouble of learning
to write and the mental and physical
toll which the making of our first pot
hooks and hangers involved. The num-
ber of muscles put in action wh.n a
person is writing is rrodigious, and 1t
is probable that in beginners every
muscle of the body must vi Id its as
sent bef, re the graphic symbols trIckle
from the pen.
The fingers, wrist, elbow and shoulder
must all be held steady. The spine
must be rigid and fixed below as well
above. The pelvis must be firm, and
to this end the child often gets sup
port by its feet from the legs of the
chair. The thorax is more or less rigid,
and its movements are determined
more by the work of the hand than the
respiratory needs. Lastly, the knit
brows and protruding tongue are un-
conscious muscular nets which serve to
mark the effort, both of body and mind,
which the child undergoes when learn
ing 10 write. 1t is notorious that in
writing our Individuality asserts itself
IN spite of the pedagogue. We are
taught certain rules for sitting at the
desk and holding the pen, which we
ultimately learn to neglect, and finally
write in fashion of our own.
The true remedy for the evils pro-
duced by learning to write seems to US
to be to teach the child to use both
hands, and to practice alternately with
either hand. Vertical writing lends it
self more readily to smbidexterity than
does sloping writing, and there can be
no doubt that clerk who could write
with equal facility with either hand,
and could rest one side of the body
while the other was working, would be
little liable to writer's cramp and sim1-
lar troubles. Seeing how enormous is
the muscular effort involved in giving
the hand sufficient steadiness, and that
the brain flag is scarcely less than the
muscle fag, it goes without saying that
r.ting lessons should at first be of
very short duration. Ten minutes
with each ought to amply suffice.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
"TOO MANY OF WE"

Mamma. IS there TOO many OF wef'
The little girl asked with a sigh.
Perhaps you wouldn't be tired, you see,
II a few OF your childs should die"
She was only three years old,-this one
Who spoke IN that strange, sad way.
As she saw her mothers impatient frown
At the childTen'S bolSterOus play.
There were half-dOzen who round her stood,
And the mother was sick and poor,
Worn out with the care OF the NOISY brood,
And fight with the wolf at the door.
For a smile or a kiss no time. no place;
For the little one least OF all:
And the shadow that darkened the mothers
face
Ger the young life seemed to fall.
More thoughtful than any she felt more care,
And pOndered in childish way
How to tighten the burden she could not
share,
Growing heavier every day.
Only a week, and the little Claire,
In her tiny, lttle white trundle-bed,
Lay with her blue eyes closed and the sunny
hair
Cut close from the golden head.
Don't cry" she sald-and the words were
low,
Feeling tears That she could not see
You won't have TO work and be tired so,
When there amt so many OF We"
And the dear little daughter who went away
From the home that for once was stIlled,
Showed the mothers heart from that dreary
day,
WOmGn's World.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09

great improvement. sometimes, how.
ever, the slight roughness and irregu-
laritIes are in better taste; circum-
stances of course alter cases But in
every instance in this, as in every other
branch of art, accuracy AMI care are
even more necessary than talent, and
workers should bear in mind that it is
far better to choose a simple pattern
and work it up well than to aim at
some exceedingly elaborate design and
fail dismallY.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09

SELF-wILL is SO ardent and active
that it will break world to pieces to
make a stool to sit on.
EVERY day is a golden opportunity
which the Father of mercy has put
into our hands for moral and religious
purpose.
We hear it said sometimes that this
is an age of transition, as if that made
matters clearer; but can any ore point
us to an age that was not? If he could
he would show us an age of stagna-
Eon.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09
n BROKEN HEART.
BI HORACE WALKER.

We laid her In the coffin,
Her shrouds were v hite as snow,
And round her placid features
We twined the mistletoe;
FOr she had died OF loving,
Her heart was broke at last,
and mistletoe and roses
Upon her form were cast.
In death she was so lovely,
In death she was so fine,
She seemed bit of Heaven
Buried in eglantine,
Buried in whitest roses,
And flowers Of palest hue,
With lilies Of Il valley,
And rival jasmines too.
Her face was clear in outline,
Her form rroportioned rare,
While filling DER her shoulders
Were Draids of golden hair:
How could he so deceive herg
How could he leave her thus1
Turning away so coIdly,
And leave her death TO US?
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1892-03-09

rounding its large dark eyes. When
excited, the subject of the picture as
sumed very different attitude from
the one in which it is here depicted,
putting out its head and wings, putting
out its feathers, and rapidly drawing
the blush nictitating membranes of
its eyes backwards and forwards across
them by no means improving its gen.
ersl appearance, evidently with the
ldeS of frightening one away.