The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1892-03-20
THE FARM AND GARDEN
FAMILY yIyEyAnD And ORCHARD.
a Trestise on the Plow "a pr~'"'"s
Machine and an Essay on N''''S'"
Gathering Piants-A New 'ege'a"'e'

eOns who prlZe QnhiltN th ~"
secure this. oven With slightly o'm'n'snee
,roduc.iveness. and some additional care "nu
labor. will find abundant satisfaction 10
dessert purposes. from plantation OF ,no ~
lowing. named. rs nearly c. pfaeuc"o'''
their order OF ripening e,o
Green Mountain or Winchel produced ~
.ron of fruit the past season. proving IL 70 70
one of the finest. Il not 10 fact '"o '''
the very early grapes. .,;o, 90
Lady has now won Al assufeo pOs- -
one Of the finest OF the earlier Aa'uS' "'''''
grapes. - bead Of tho list. so
far as beauty and super.o. .rhsr crown al
nerned II is heavy bearer " heu ; Snrav-
ssan,. 90 a Good pollinatine varieH ,,.y
gAoons . " liner carbonate will reanhy WI
lnE H. SLIGHT liability TO injury i'0"' ''''
dew. ,.d so,oewhst deficient
l.. - thouch not objectionsDiy 80. Is'
~ W Si,a onparsnt hardness p'ouuc'1'e-
80 and fine quality are aDunu"n' ieooAi-
pense for such deficiency. a.o, mill emf
Iona. or where this fails JenersVn, VIZ, -,
fce for the latest variety p Dun a.. -eo,,aota
,erior quality and similar IN seNeIai iosp po
a. LONG Keeper either Agawam OF Diana
Will be found satisfactory
FAMILY ORCHARD.
rho fo,iow,no list of varieties of apples IS
,.ierted for a family orchard. 10 supply des-
80 culinary and sweet varieties IN success
80, froro early August till the opening OF the
small fruit season. naming them. as hearly as
,ract,cal,le ia tue order OF maturing
Esriv Harvest. Fairly Strawberry. Primnte,
c,,ananeo Sweet Bough, Garden Royal, Jer-
aoy Sweet st. Lawrence, Jeherls. heswlcK.
7 a1y Sweet Rhode Island Greening, iona
than. Munson sweet. Dyer, lalman sweet
Shiawasse. Hubbarston. Golden husset, hoA-
burv Russell Northern Spy.
The following market varieties Will anoru
succession tor local market for similar pc
Farly Harvest, Red Astrachan. Maiden
Blush. Lowell. Shiawnsse. HuOoa r5r
Rhode Island Greening. Baldwin, heu Oan@ua
(tOp graft. Roxbury Iusset.
pRArNING AND FLOWING.
An article in the American Agricultural by
Mr. John NJ. Stahl. of Illinois, says me pow
Tos no email effect on the moisture OF the
col II found the Illinois Iralries, Tor exam
ME covered with water, hut breaking up sne
sou increased drainage until the excess nus
bsen much reduced. In Kansas the pio" ha9
;crsased the moisture in the soil. Breaking
80, The Ground has allowed more of the ram to
nsnetrate and the increased caplliarty OF the
I'll nos better regulated the amount OF mols-
,nra in il. OF course other agencies were ut
work in both cases, but the part done oy tne
Low il none the less real or important.
Rnt by keeping the desired point IN view IN
,,lnw,i,c and blowing accordingly. we may
multiply the effect OF the plow on tie mos
t,ra in the soil either 10 reduce or increase
the amount If there is an excess tueh We
are TO pillow IN such way as 10 iaVor INC Cd
cane OF the water. The most convenient
,ostbod of blowing is TO plOw around the out
edo of fhe field or of the land" But on Hat
land his method is suicidal. Ii makes IN time
ar;dce around the margin of the field. danming
the water on the field. II we divide such
land into narrow lands and begin In the cen
ire throwing the furrow III. the water nov
onlv can Int since il must run down NIL IL
,nnst drain TO the bitches along the fields. On
fat land there is no danger Of gulles by max
mo the land furrow at the same place each
wear On land more rolling Rnlles may no
avoided by moving the land furrow niue u
either side each year; this Is easily done uy
making the outside lands narrower or WIDER.
Hilly fields frequently having hght son
shculd he plOwed in the opposite way. lhey
are ant TO lack moisture. because the water 81
readily and rapidly flows OH that much Oh IL
does not sink into the soil; ana tne upper
narts of the hills. at least. are usually fai
above the influence of tue ground water III
nlovinp such fields we must also consider
their antness to wash and gully, especially
when they are in cultivated crops. ~ Is haIS
10 keen these fields up. because or the carry
inc AWAY of the soil. II, In plowlnS, WI
ON embankment around the margin. Ili
will break the force OF the currents from III
HIGHER ground. retard the flow OF the water
and thus give II more time TO SINK INTO th
soi The embankment will also soon cate
the greater part of the soil brought dow
from above and by tins means Will be III
creased in extent and effectiveness. lnstea
of the soil being carried on the neld auu los'
il il deposited on an overwhelming strll
This strip, thus fertlllZed from ABOVE WI
fl... tsF
not need manure; ana twice inc ioiih'
amount NAV be applied 10 the higher grouh'
iThus this higher ground also will be ei
riched. and for the further reason that III
wash from II IL less. =,
IL is desirable that the burrows should RI
up and down the hill. although some pref
the opposite But the water Will cut aero
the burrows and make deeper gulhes tha
when each furrow affords an exit Tor the cor
paratiyely small amount falling on H. IL III
be necessary. therefore, to dow each Yeh'
headland along the foot oil the hll. 10 10
the embankment well IN place seeu 'he III"
pjn-the fence row or the BANK oil me strea
well to grass The sod Will bold nrm an
the grass will catch much OF the sOi prong
over IL is apparent that by 90 plowlng u
foot of the incline Is being CONSTANTLY rn'se
bringing the land nearer 10 a lever hiU non
more favorable 10 an ample supply oi nostu
in the soil; while tho loss from washing g.
outlying is greatly reduced
GATHERING NITRodsN.
There Is a certain class 81 plants VIM
draw largely upon the atmosphere Tor IN
suprlv of nitrogen. the most costly clenr
of plant food 1t bought IN tho market. ib'
nlants REQUIRE large percentage ot nilr"s
Tor their development but they have oe
blessed with tho power 10 get II LOT tnc
selves. With very few ex options. tn
plants make the most nutritious forage a
The richest manure. They make Gool D
nure when plowed under The soil which
inst produced them. hut they make Just
good manure aud almost ~ much oil IL
frat fed to animals. and the sale ot @nma
or their marketable products. will
clear gain-less tho expenses OF care q
attention. The most commonly kno
of this class of plants are clover. lucerne, c
pea. peanut. vetch. burr clover. Japan
Is ia beam. etc. These are all nch iC
plants and they don't ask you for any MT
gen On the contrary they will gather
they need 10 perfect their growth from
air-that absolutely inexbanstbie SIC
bouse-and after they have filed the ba
and bellies To- overlooking with iatness. u
will have lett the soil on which they grew }
night for IA crop of corn. Oats. gIas, or colt
This is solution OF the famous probe
The only trouble about ITS relieving
present distress" Is that the system can
be put into full operation IN one year.
can II be said of any other system that IL
relieve the present distress at once.
NEW yEGFIAILF.
Il