The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1892-09-11

the highest English authority on the subject,
although the authors view of the character Of
the Inca civilization has been to q large ex-
tent superseded. The new edition OF this
book, published In Chicago by Charles II.
serGel x Co.. is especially recommended by
the additional chapters treating Of the war
with Chill and Of the regenerative measures
subsequently, taken. 1t is to these chapters.
as possessing a contemporary interest. that
we shall here refer.
Mr.. Markham holds that the war between
Chill on the one hand and Peru and Bolivia on
the other. was an example Of unprovoked and
unjustifiable aggression on tho pnrt Of the
frst-namcd power. To make good his asser-
ton he considers at som length the pretexts
put forward by Chilli. viz. the dispute with b.
livia about boundaries on the Pacific Ocean.
and the so-called secret treaty between Be-
livia and Peru. 1t may be we'll to examine
carefully what is said on these points by a dis
interested historian. inasmuch as the definite
settlement Of the status OF tho provinces Of
Tacna and africa. which must take place dur
ing the coming year. may give rise to a new
war in South America. Let us look first at the
question OF boundaries between Chill and Be-
livia. 1t Is pointed out by Mr.. Markham that
the limits Of the South American republics
were by general agreement fixed according
to the uti possidetis OF 1910. On this
principle the boundary OF the Bolivian
province OF Atacama extended to the
northern limit OF Chill. That north
ern limit was clearly defined before 1910. and
was fixed at q place called FL Paposo. in 25'2'S.
Mr.. Markham has found it thus defined in the
ninth law Of the Indies and in the official de-
scription OF DR.. Cosme Bueno tits also shown
on the well-known map OF Rochelle. based on
the survey of Malespina. and was accepted by
the Chilians themselves before they began to
covet the territory OF their neighbor. In tho
official map OF Claudio Gaye. Chill ends ct
Paposo: and when Admiral Fitzroy executed
his surveys. inquiries were made Of the Chill
ian authorities as to the position OF the boun-
Diary. and it was placed to the south OF 25' s.
1t was only when the great value Of the Alta
CANA minerals was discovered that any Ques-
ton was raised. Then Chill claimed to
the Odd parallel. although. as we have
seen. her boundary was the 25th. Next
she offered to take the oath as a concession on
her part. although she had no more right to
the oath than to the 23d. This pretended con-
cession was only made on the condition that
the value OF half the custom dues from miner
ais exported between the oath and 23d parallel
should be paid to her. Having by this en-
croachment established such complicated re-
lations with her neighbor that n pretext for
| hostilitles could ensily be found. tho execution
Of her intention could be effected when 1t wa,
convenient. In 1870. Chili's fleet having in
tho mean time been greatly strengthened
and her army increased and disciplined. all tho
Bolivian ports. Antofagasta. Cobija. and Toca-
nills. were seized and occunied nv Chilion
troops.
-
II,
Naxt for Tho nratoxts nm wh;cb porr VIVA
modo n nortv 70 III. oar nh. erst nrotoxt
wns +ha +roatv SIGNED hotv,oo, uaru md RoIivja
In Eohrrnrr 1871 u.hi.h cn,r,rtoed tho IN.
t.ori,v -, tha,u .a.nnati,o torritorias oaoinst
annros.ors hrt .osoruon ,ho rinh. ~ oanh -
tLa oontrao tina nostIas - d.aiI. ,,hath.ronv
n,,t;o,I.. in;nn- 1870, a., ~ o,n,, IN
,vi,hin ~. Gov. ~ tha nrnr ntoo NJ oyort
.otinn mo, ~ ~ nosn.-I ,a,u sroh o,sns
rnaanis y" to.n n..a. al onn"
oi,iato,r ;n",nd,n o.h+.ntian woro
to be he tried before proccedinr to hostilitics:
and II was further proyided that other Aneri-
can States shoulI Ia invited 70 Join the NIL
tually defensive alliance. II Is true that by an
additional article the treaty was TO be kopt So.
cret 90 LONG az tbe CONTRACTING nartics did not
Inv common nccord nronounre its nublica.
tior nocessorv Asa mottor ~ mat hnwnver ths
nrovisions y, tbis traatv ~ 1s7a wora mnda
nuhlic no oor,v n. 1874 ID, tho Chilion Minis
far q, Ia Pm Carlos Walker Martinez then
,otod an his L,ou,i.dno a. liam ,r,I rnrorroI
tn 4hom In n honr nuhIisbnI in 1870 Mo-.
,,n ~ u p.n"hI,n uas osio;,mv -
,i,od =" $500 ,ar.v 80 ,bn ,r,atv onJ ~
,nou u.o.,v r"', o,s.oa IN 49, rhis
"NpN'c "oF INp'N'S ' So"