davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

States, passed in 1879. or the debate in the first
House OF Representatives when 10 was under
In that House there were ten members who had
been members of the convention which framed
the Consultation. Mr.. Madison was the leader on
the floor, and he conducted the first revenue bin
through the House. Washington was President
OF the United states, Hamilton was Secretary OF
the Treasury. Jefferson was Secretary OF state
and Edmund Randolph was Attorney-general.
IL those four men did not know for what purpose
the first revenue law was enacted, and why it
was made a highly protective tariff beg TO ask
Let me now place side by side the anti-protec-
ton plank in the Democratic platform and the
preamble OF the act or 1859, aud here let me
ask my Democratic readers whether ex-Presi-
dent Cleveland. Senator Hill and other leaders
OF the Democratic party, at the present day,
Madison, Washington, Hamilton. Jefferson.
Randolph and the generation OF men who estab-
hshed IL:
Anti Protection Plank OF Preamble Of the First
he Democratic Plat TarifAck, Passed July
form. A., 1883.
We denounce Repub- whereas, 1t is neees-
Lcan protection a. alsGry for the support or
fraud upon the labor of the government, Tor the
the great majority OF ldischarge OF the debts
tho American people fOriof the United States,
the benefit Of the few. and the encouragement
We declare it to be a and protection OF manu-
fundamental principle fdcfures, that duties be
OF the Democratic partyllaid on goods, wares and
that the federal govern merchandise imported:
ment has no cOnstitu-l Be II enacted, ETC., thai
uonal power to impose from and after the first
and collect tariff duties, day OF August next en-
except for the purposel suing, the several duties
OF revenue only. Welhereinafter mentioned
demand that the collec-;shali be laid OH the fol-
ton OF such taxes believing goods, wares and
limited TO the necessi merchandise imported
ties OF the governmentlfnto the United states
when honestly and eco from any foreign port
nomically administered Tor place.
Requesting my readers to keep this preamble
before them, / shall, in future communications,
show that in every instance in which there were
already existing manufactures with which for
pign nrO6nPra CANA infn Q0rnnofiTlnn the dnfiQa
were so laid "a TO afford proper encouragement
and protection TO our own manufacturers, and
that many duties were laid for the express pur-
pose or raising up manufactures and agricultural
products that did not then exist In the United
States.
Since the foregoing was written Mr.. Cleve-
lands letter accepting the Democratic nomina-
ton. and planting himself squarely on the anti
protection plank of the Democratic platform,
has been published. | shall speak Of IL In my
next. In the meantime I remain very truly
yours, GEORGE TICKNoR CURTIS.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
THIRD PARTY NOWHERE.
Georgia Democrats Carry the State by $4,000
Msjority-Fatal ARRAY.

Georgia Democrats Carry the state by $4,000
Msjority-Fata ARRAY.
United Press Dispatch.
ATLANTA, Ga, Oct. 5.-Georgia has voted
the Democratic ticket by about eighty
thousand. AT noon 1T was admitted that
the Democrats had thirty thousand major
lty. the agricultural counties being con-
coded to the Peoples party. 1t was here
that the surprise was shown. When the
reports from these counties began TO como
they showed u steady stream of majorities
for the Democrats. The hot-beds of third
partyism came mp with SURPRISING changes
of front. The Peoples party leaders were
completely demoraiixed. Rockdale, the
home county of candidate Peck. of the Peo-
pies party, gave 800 majority for Governor
The only person sanguIne enough
TO venture a prediction of 5000
majority last night was ~elector Is. NJ.
Blackburn, and tonight he is hailed as q
ct elected: Governor, w. J. Northern;
Secretary of State. Philip Cook, Controll-
er. Gen. VIM. A. Wright; Treasurer, II. L.
Hardeman; Attorney general Joseph NJ.
Terrell. Reports from many places say
that the negroes openly voted the Demo-
cratic ticket.
An Associated Press dispatch says: RE-
turns from seventy-five counties ont of q
total OF l0l give the DemOcr8LlC Llcket q
majority of over thirty thousand.
There seems to be no possible doubt
that the majority will reach 30. 1000 when
the vote of all the counties is 10. The
third-partyites will probably carry six or
eight counties for the Legislature, and it Is
estimated that their strength will be about
twenty members of the House out of LIS.
Isaiah Horton. colored. was shot and
killed by Daniel Bowles at the poor-house
precinct, six miles from Augusta, to-day.
A numb Der of Democratic negroes. led by
Bowles, were marching to the polls, when
eight or ten third party negroes, led
by Horton. rushed into the DEM
ocratic line. Horton ran mp aud
struck Bowles twice, knocking him
TO his knees. He bad his hand on Bowles's
collar, and was preparing to strike him q
third time. when Bowles drew q pistol and
shot him through the heart. A coroner's
jury composed of four Democrats and two
third party men rendered a verdict of
UNSUITABLE homicide.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Returned After Many Years.

Special to the Indianapolis Journal.
WABASH. Oct. 5.-Twenty-five years ago
a brother of Thomas ~ShuRherne. living near
Lago, very suddenly left for parts un-
known. He left q few acres of land and
some other property behind him. After the
lapse of q reasonable length of time. the
relatives receiving no tidIngs from the alb
sent one. his property was divided among
them. On Monday the long-lost brother
showed up. He recognized his brother ana
they recognized and welcomed him back to
tho family.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

Rev. Samuel Longfellow, Brother of the Late
Poet, and q Compiler of Hymns
PORTLAND, Me-, Oct. 5.-Rev. Samuel
Longfellow. brother of the late poet, Henry
w. Longfellow, died here yesterday.
Rev. Samuel Longfellow was born In
Portland. Me-. Jun Is. 1873. He graduated
at Harvard and afterwards filled q number
of pulpits in the East. He published, In
1883. "A life of Henry w. Lonafellow."
which was followed the next year by his
Final Memorials of Henry w. Longfel-
low" but he is best known as a writer and
compiler of hymns. Many of his original
hymns have found q place in other collec.
tions thar his own. He complied. in asso-
citation with the Rev. Samuel johnson. "A
Book of Hymns" published in Boston in
1916. and republished in 1864 under the title
OF Hymns OF the Spirit" He also pub
Iished in 1859, "A Book of Hymns and
Tunes" for congregational use. and q
small volume for the vesper service that he
had instituted.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Only Twenty Still Living.

Special Co the Indianapolis Journal.
COLUMBUS. Oct. 5.-The surviving MEN,
bers of Company A. Fifry-third Indi-
ana Infantry. which is q part of Colonel
Gresham's regiment. held their annual re-
union at this place to-day. But twenty of
the company are living. Among the other
business transacted a regimental organiza-
ton was perfected. The first meeting OF
this organization is to be In Indianapolis
on the first day of the next National En-
Campmept.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

Miss Rose Wright, the young woman
burned in Muncie a week ago. died yester-
day. F,
Mrs. Elizabeth Ivory died in Wabash
Tuesday night. She was born In Ireland in
1916.
The Morgan-county Medical Society held
its quarterly meeting at Martinsville yes
terday.
The survivors of the Twenty-eigbth
United States Regiment tcolored troops)
are holding q reunion at kokomo this
week.
The 1hirty-sixth Indiana Regiment
closed its ninth annual reunion at Farm
land yesterday afternoon.
The preliminary hearing of Thomas
Smith. of Brazil, who recently shot Samuel
Byers, vas begun before Mayor McCullach.
OF Brazii.
William Sanders, an amateur light
weight. of Pulaski county. and an .'un-
known" of Illinois Will be backed for $500
10 fight some time within n month at Robey.
Sellsis tiger-wagon caught fire north of
Anderson. yesterday. from a spark from
the engine. and for a while it was thought
several cages of wild animals would break
out and go galloping across the country.
The annual rennion OF the Ninety ninth
Indiana Infantry will he held at Peru
Wednesday and Thursday. Oct. rs and 81,
1S92 The comrades of the lnoty-ninth at
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
yexrd Mission Board Question Settled.
nacial IN the Indiannoiis Ionrual

Special 10 the Indianapolis Journal
CHICAGO. Oct. a-To-day's meeting OF
the American Board of Foreign Missions
saw the great question of the year in Con-
gregational circles virtually settled
for the time being. 1t was the
great question of church represen-
;ation in the American board upon
which nineteen of the State associations
had unequivocally expressed themselves.
The whole subject of church Representa-
ton. with all relevant powers, was put in
the hands of o special committee
of eleven men of eminent ability,
from whom n wise, honest and equitable
adjustment OF the vexed question 10 ex-
pected. The committee appointed for this
important. work is as follows: DR.. f.. A.
Noble. DIR. AlopZo Quint. Hon. Franklin
Fairbanks. Ralph Emerson. President w.
q. .B~ellsntine. Dr. Llewellyn Pratt. GeorRe
H. Bust. Charles III. Case. s. Z. Moses, DR..
A. +. banning. Rowland Razar.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

Special 70 the IndlanapOTls JOurhaL
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Oct 5.-Dr. Snther-
land, of Charlottesville, on Tuesday. out
of curiosity as to how an atropla pill would
taste. placed one on his tongue, and before
he thought he had swallowed the pellet.
He rushed home and took an emetic. but
with Door success. The drug began to
work and he became as a raving maniac.
A doctor has been by his bedside ever
since. and his recovery Is Yet doubtful
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Shot Dead by "A Doctor.

Special to the Indianapolis Journal
ELKHART, Oct. 5.-James Shook. o dis
solute character, while under the influence
of liquor last night. broke into the outer
Office of DR.. Porter Turner, and was or
dered to get ont By the Doctor from an in
ner room. Instead Shook broke into the
room where the Doctor was and was shot
dead with q shotgun. The charge entered
his throat. A verdict of justitable homi-
eide was returned.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Couldn't Avoid Death.

Special to the Indianapolis Journal.
DELPHI, Oct. 5.-Dewey Hall, assistant
civil enginee of the Louisville, New AL
bany & Chicago. in charge of construction
and bridge work near this city. was,acci-
dentally killed this morning. He was run
over by an engine. His feet had caught in
q frog at a switch, throwing him TO the
track. He was a son of DE-. Hall, a promi-
nent ply sician of Chicago.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

Peru will give the survivors of the old
regiment a cordial reception.
A peculiar and fatal disease has devel-
oped among the hogs on Morgan prairie.
near Valparaiso. John Marine losing tweD-
ty-seven: William Paul., twenty-eight. and
other farmers various numbers. The dis
ease Is not like cholera at all. but 10 equally
fatal. affecting them entirely in the head.
it Will be investigated by the Board of
Health.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Will Receive n Tidy Sum.

Special TO the Indianapolis Journal
VALPARAISO, Oct. 5...Harry Legsr, q
brakeman on the east local on the Fort
Wayne road, came here from England q
few years ago. and since then his grand
father died, leaving o large fortune. Legar
being the direct heir. distant relatives put
In a claim and obtained control of the
property. A few months ago Mr.. LeQar.
through correspondence, learned the true
status of the case and ut once placed the
case in the hands of Hon. p. s.. Wright, an
attorney of New York. who has just notI-
fled him that at the expiration of the lease.
in February next, he Will come INTO posses
sion of property valued at S2S5,00 0 in cash.
He will return to England to secure the
aataf6L
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

The Eioquen. ohioan Make. On. of HI

The Eloquent Ohioan Makes One OF His
characteristics Speeches.
STERLING, ILL.,, Oct. 5.-Ex-Governor For
aker. of Ohio. spoke here this evening.
The Governor said he came to Illinois as a
private citizen. not as q candidate for
Office. II am an American citizen" he said.
81 believe in American products. American
money. American tin. American patriot
ism. American morality and American
heroism. You can't have that by eIecting
an old-time copperhead. or q man who hired
. gu bstitute or one who insulted patriot
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
To- Contest CnIhert.on,s WIN.

NEW ALBANY. Got. Sin the Floyd Cir
cult Court here yesterday afternoon. Stuart
g. and A. Percy Culbertson, of st. Paul.
grandsons of the late millionaire w. S.
Culberrson, filed a suit TO contest the will
of their grandfather because he cut them
OFT with 500 each because they engaged IN
borse-racing. The estate Is worth s., Geo.
Q00
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Other Deaths,

WINNEPEG. Man.. Oct.5 Joel Reaman,
q member of the Northwest government
is dead. He had just accepted office in the
new Cabinet
WILHELMsHAvEN. Oct. 5.-Admiral BeiD-
hard. commander of the German squadron
of evolution, aied yesterday.
LONDON. Oct. Rev. j. V. Mummery,
the oldest Congregational minister in Lon
don, is dead.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Killed His Little Child.

Special to the Indianapolis Journal.
ANCHOR, Oct. 5.-The threa.year-old son
of Henry Brandt. near this place. was in
stantly killed to-day. being run over by q
wagon heavily laden with coal and driven
by his father.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
In Jail for Writing Bad Letters.

Special TO the Indianapolis Journal.
SOUTH BEND, Oct. 5.-Daniel Lease, for
years an employe of the Standard Oil Com
pany at Whiting. Ind. was arrested to-day
and taken to South Bend. charged with
writing obscene letters TO his wife. Hon.
Smiley N. Chambers, of Indianapolis. ap-
peared for the State. The prisoner pleaded
guilty, and in default of bail was taken to
the Hamilton county jail.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
whi,e,av Reid and Mckinley

SPRINGFIELD, Mass, Oct. 5.-WhItelaw
Reid and Governor Mckinley arrived here
from Boston this morning, and were met
by a citizens committee, who escorted
them to the Massilon House. where q re-
ception was held and dinner was taken.
The Republican uniformed organizations
escorted them TO the City Hall, which was
crowded beyond it's capacity and the ut
most enthusiasm was shown. Ex-Governor
Robinson introduced Mr.. Reid. who spoke
briefly. and Governor Mckinley devoted
his time to the disc ussion of free trade and
protection.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
LORD TENNYSON is DEAD
England's Aged Poet Passed Into the Be-
y0nd at 1:35 O'Clock This Morning.
Kept Growing Weaker All Yesterday and last
Night-COnscious in His Last HOurS-His
Wife Stricken with Grief.
Bulletin

LONDON, Oct. cit was announced here
at z o'clock this morning that Lord Jenny
son was dead. He kept growing weaker
and weaker during the night. Death came
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

ALBANY, N. Y, Oct. Estate Labor Com
missioner Peck returned from New York
last night. While there he had a talk with
Josiah Quincy at the Democratic head
quarters. and gave him transcripts of
tables which show that in the constructive
trades there were 17.6Sf individual in
creases in wages in 1891 over the year 1890.
and that in 1891 there were only sixteen
decreases. These tables will appear in
Peck's report of the effect of the tariff on
labor. The transcrlpting of the tables was
done oy the clerks in the Commissioners
Office, and when told that he would rave to
pay for the work at the legal rate Mr..
Quincy appeared surprised.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Fatally Hurt by a Derrick.

Special TO the Indianapolis Journal.
SPENCER, Oct. 5.-The hosting derrick
at the oolitic quarry at Romona broke to-
day. and fell on thirty worknien in the
blue hole. Henry Evans received injuries
from which he cannot recover. 1t is sur
prising that others escaped.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
GENERAL WEATHER BULLErIN.
Forecast for Thursday.

WASHINGTON. Oct. SIS p. M.-For Ohio,
Indiana and Enthusiastically far; slow
" rising temperature, preceded by frosts
Thursday morning: variable winds, shift.
ing to south and west.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

phoned down to Consul Hanna to end the
trouble by depositing the register in the
custom house. There was no further
trouble.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Observation-Disclosures NEWS
Matthew Boner and His Former Wife
Louisa Elope and Get Re-Married.

Big Real Estate Deal at Kokomo-Dr. Turner,
OF Elkhart, Shoots a burglar in the Neck
Dewey Hall, of the L., n. &C, Killed.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Damaged $4,000 by Fire.

Special to the indianapolis Journal.
RICHMOND. Ind, Oct. 5.-This morning
the paper-mills of Thomas Nixon < Co.,
manufacturers of paper boxes and wrap
ping paper, were damaged by fire to the
amount of s35. 600. The fire originated In a
room used for storage of rags and stock, and
il rs thought that II was caused by spon-
taneous combustion. The building and
machinery were insured for SO. 200.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

MITCHELL, s. D.. Oct. Ex-senator Allison
of Iowa, spoke here to-day to one of the
largest political gatherings ever seen in
this section. For an hour and a half he
discussed the currency and tariff. He
maintained that the financial system of this
country at this time was stronger than at
any other time In its history. He stated
that there Is to-day more money IN circnla-
ton In this country for every man. woman
and child than ever before in the history
of the government. High interest rates In
discussed. The present prosperity of the
country as a whole was spoken of as q re-
suit Of the wise and beneficial policy of the
Republican party. Senator Allison left
this evening for Iowa.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Fifty Horses Burned

NEW YORK. Oct. 5.-A stable fire yes
terday destroyed fifty horses belonging
to contractor Chris Ronin. Loss. 1924. 600.
Two tremen were seriously hurt.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Political Notes.

Adlail f.. Stevenson spoke at ElgIn,
ILL.,. last night. He said nothing new.
Ex-President Cleveland left New York
for Buzzard's Bay yesterday afternoon on
Mr.. BenedIct's yacht Oneida.
Ex-Secretary of State Bayard has can
celed his Western campaign engagements.
No reason for doing so Is given.
The Democrats and Popnlists of North
Dakota have fused at the urgent solicIta-
ton of the national Democratic committee.
Senator Roger Q. Mills haa almost en-
tirely recovered from his recent indisposI-
tion. and expects 10 fill his Illinois appoint
ments.
The managers of the Peoples party in
New York have appealed to the freedom
nge silver men for 100000 to use in the
1.l65 election districts OF New York city.
The extra session of the Wisconsin Leg
islature. TO reapportiOn the State, will begin
Tuesday. Oct. III. AS soon as the Supreme
Court formally hands down Its decision,
the call will be issued by Governor Peck.
Secretary of the Treasury Foster has ac-
cepted an invitation to address a Repub-
'lican meeting at Chicago on the oath inst.
He will make political addresses IN Ohio.
Kansas and Missouri. but the dates have
not yet been finally settled.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Big Real Estate Deal Mt KokoIno.

Special 10 the Indianapolis Journal
KoKoMo. Oct. ga big real-estate deal
was contaminated in this city to-day.
which means much for the place. Four
hundred acres of land adjacent to the
northern suburbs were purchased by q real
estate syndicate recently formed, the
average price being S40O per
acre, or 100000 for the tract.
The president of the lana company
is w. T.. Avery. of the electric street-car
system, and the capital stock Is S400, 600.
The syndicate has already secured three
manufacturing establishment
10 give employ ment TO one thousand men,
and has several other large industrial con-
Germs in prospect. The company. as an in
duoement, is offering free factory sites and
free gas.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Quay VIII Assist in the Campaign.

PITTsBURG, Oct. Ex-senator Quay came
up from his home in Beaver and left the
city on the day express. He was &C
companied by his wife. and when seen at
the Union Station declined to discuss poll
tics or the object of his trip last. 1t is
pretty we'll understood that the Senator
will aid Chairman Carter in the New York
headquarters in the conduct of the Repub-
lican campaign and that this is the pur-
pose of his trip East.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St Louis Ry. Co
STOCKHOLDERS MEETING.

The, annual meeting of the Stockholders OF the
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago e. ST Louis Railway
Company, for the election If directors and for such
other business as may come before the meeting. a II
be held at the office of the company in Cincinnati -
OCT. 20. 1892. at 10 O'Clock e
The stock transfer books will close Oct 4. 1892, IA
O'Clock p. n, aud reopen at 10 o'clock A NJ. Oct "a,
1892. r. Il. OSBORN. Secretary.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

An Old Divorced Couple, of Terre Haute,
Eiope to Jehsrronviiie.
Special TO the Indianapolis Journal
JEFFERsoNvnLLE, Oct. 5.-Matthew Boner
and Louisa Boner. of Terre Haute. were
.msrrIed in this city yesterday by Rev.
Tevis. The couple were AGED. and had
once been husband and wife. but could not
agree, and the woman procured q divorce
years ago. Lately the old love was re-
kindIed. and they eloped and came here.
The first marriage was performed by a
Squire, and after the Rev Tevis had spoken
the final words the bride was anxious to
know whether or not the knot had been
securely tied. They left IN the afternoon
for their home.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

ism by fishing on Memorial day, and espe-
cially when Won rave TO elect them over
such a man with such a record of patriot
ism as Harrison. The speaker dwelt at
length on the force bill and the tariff. and
closed his two hours address by urging
Democrats to leavet the party OF can't and
come over TO the Lords side for once.
A big torch-light PROCESSION was held at
the conclusion of the Governors speech.
The city was decorated with flags and il
Eliminated at night in honor of the speaker.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06
Carried All but One County.

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. Oct. 5-Mitchell,
Dem, is elected Governor by fully q. LOCO
majority. Only one county Baker, gave a
majority against him. The Legislature
will be solidlyD Democratic in both branches.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

Local Weather Report
INDIANAPOLIS, Oct. 5.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1892-10-06

Time. Bar. Their. LR. III. Wind Weather Pre-.