davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate., 1892-06-22
THE GROWTH OF THE MONEY IDEA.

never made money. There is no ma
terial thing in nature chat is money.
Money is simply counter OF values.
Before animal life appeared on the world
nothing that had been created had value.
Minerals of all kinds existed, prlmeval
forests and fertile soils waited the COM
ing of the husbandman. The inferior
animals appeared upon the scene, and
instinct led them to satisfy their hunger
from the full storehouse q bountiful
Creator had prepared for them. Still
there was nothing that possessed value
in the world. Instinct taught the finny
tribe and the birds to satisfy their appe-
tites on insects, worms, and other things,
the herblvora to feed upon the succulent
grass and to search for the salt lick, the
carnivora to lay In hiding to spring upon
their innocent victims; while these things
satisfied the cravings Of their nature yet
they possessed no value for there was
nobody to give anything for anything
that existed. If q thing cannot be eX-
changed for some other thing, 1t has no
value. Value relates solely to things in
exchange. So it is seen that nothing had
value in the world until man appeared
upon the scene It is, seen from the
foregoing how Illogical it is TO talk
about intrinsic value. Value Is extrinsic.
1t had no existence until man came into
the world, and It is an outgrowth Of bar-
ter, custom that distinguishes hu-
manity from the inferior animals. 1t Is
the custom of barter that gives value to
things AS soon as men commenced to
barter, things commenced to have value.
The idea Of value, is the counting of
utilities, and the initial point of our
money systems. The growth Of the idea
of value Is the line along which civillza-
tion developed. II men had never bar
tered, they would have led british life,
and nothing in the world would have
had any value.
Emerson asks and answers the ques-
tion, "What Is. q weedP" ga weed is
plant whose virtues have not yet been
discovered" While we look at a thing
as weed we consider It as worthless. If
we discover 1t has properties that can be
utilized, we look upon 1t as q valuable
plant. If the knowledge that enabled
us to utilize il, should be lost, then 1t
would be again a worthless weed of no
value, hence 1t follows that value ls an
ideal thing, 1t does not exist in the thing
but In the mind, It Is not intrinsic but
extrinsic. Therefore nothing possesses
intrinsic value. All things have lntrin-
sic properties, but value is property of
no commodity.
The counting of the relative utilities
of things is the arithmetic Of values.
Money has always been used for the
numbering of values with the idea of ex-
change. The ancient Greeks called their
money nWmeratG. Since money is but
numerals to count values with q view of
the exchange OF commodities and SER
vices, it follows that money measures ex-
changes, as the yard stick measures ex-
tension. Money being the arithmetic Of
values, It follows that we must have men,
tai money and written money, An
African tribe used the mGeute for their
money; it was entirely mental money;
they had no written money. All exchanges
Of farm productions for store goods are
nerformad by the use Of mental money.
The advocate., 1892-06-22


does not receive the equivalent Of wha
he parted with, until he In turn makes 1
half exchange. When he receives the
equivalent, to his satisfaction, of the
thing he parted with, then the exchange
ls completed.
Money is not material thing; 1t ls {
convenience, the production of conven
tlon. Convention cannot produce any
thing; it follows that written money Il
identicslly the same as mental money
Both are Ideal. Written money is a CON
ventionRl order. Adam Smith says, "anC
though the wages Of the workmen art
commonly paid to him in money, his rea
revenue, like that Of all other men, con
sistS not in money, but in moneys worth
not in the metal pieces, but wHat can b
got for them" This agrees with Bas
tiat: "All exchanges are but the ex
changes of services"
Since the use Of written money Is 1
custom to expedite exchange, It follow
that anything that restricts the use Of
money, hampers exchanges, and robl
men of their liberty, the natural right o.
freedom of exchange.
Men have the natural right to use
as much mental money as Is neces
sary to effect their exchanges, and
as mental money and written money
are both ideal and both use(
to accomplish the same ends, viz, ex
changes, it follows that men have 1
natural right, without usury, to the USE
Of all the written money that Is necessar!
to effect their exchanges. This agrees
with the great Montesqueiu, who says
AIN the same manner as money Is thu
sign and representative of q thing, every
thing Is sign misrepresentation Of money
and the state is in q prosperous condi
tlon when on the one hand money per
fectly represents all things, and on the
other all things perfectly represen
money, and are reciprocally the sigr
Of each other; tdat is, when they
have such a relative. value tha
we may have the one as sooE
as we have the other" This would bt
the happy condition of society If the
cupidity of men did not lead them to en-
slave their fellow men, and bid defiance
to the first great command, "In the sweat
of thy face shalt thou eat bread" Fol
Of all the systems of human slavery
usury is the most cunning, insldIous and
grinding. Our financisl laws are enacted
to further this cupldity. Greeley in his
"Politlcal Economy" says: Il hold that
money had been created or recognized
by common consent before governments
meddled with it; that their interposition
In the premises was but the recognition
or declaration of a pre-existiug fact
Before governments meddled with 1t, nc
usury existed, which goes to show that
instead of perfecting the money systems
governments have so distorted 1t as To
make 1t one of the mightlest instruments
of oppression. Under Its blighting In.
Auence, $1,000 persons have legally pos
sessed themselves Of more than one hall
of the wealth of this nation. Tariff and
usury are synonyms. Our financial sys-
tenn Is a vampire.
alike the bat Of Indla's lakes,
Whose plniOns fan the wound she makes;
And soothing thus the dreamer's pain,
Sucks the life blood from his veins"
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1892-08-20
ExcITEMENTS OF THE NIGHT.

A Union Spy Driven Out of the Yards
Stoning Switchmen-
The excitement of last night was fur
nished by two incidents of the semi
dramatic sort, both of which served to
keep the troops near the scene on the
alert. At the main freight yards of the
Central the firing of three shots in sue
cession shortly before o'clock caused not
a little stir and vestigation revealed the
cause At this point the new non-union
men have been housed in an old paint
hop which has been converted into dor
mitory and mess quarters for them. Here
good food is prepared by cooks Of the
Wagner service.
An Enemy in the Camp.
A pretended non-union man was among
the new men at supper and after the meal
began arguing with them in an endeavor
to have them quit the service they had just
entered. Those i'll charge soon discovered
the character of the supposed ~scab," and
he was promptly driven away. From the
edge of the tracks opposite the barracks
he began throwing coal in the direction
of his pursuers, for which he was fired at
by two men of Captain kirby's command
who were at the moment passing on a
freight engine. The report of the mus
kets put the police under Captain Wurtz
in chase of the spy, but the shots had
given speed to his flying feet and he es-
capped III the darkness.
Soldiers Threatend to Fire.
Camp Four, the important post at the
Central elevators on Ohio street. guarded
by a battalion of the Twenty-third regi-
ment, had lively shake up just before
midnight, when the strikers at the Elk
street crossing stoned non-union switch
men who were making up train. Some
of the missiles hit soldiers of the Twenty
third, but none of them was seriously in
jured. The soldiers ordered their assail-
snts to leave or accept q dose Of lead and
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1892-08-20
LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCE MARKETS.
Chicago


CHICAGO, Aug. 19.
Following were the quotations on the
board of ira ie toIay: Wheat-August, opened
16c, closed 7514c; September, opened &c,
closed 755Sc: December, opened s9S4c, closed
1850. Corn-August opened 52s4c, closed
52Isc; September. opened 525sc, closed 521sc; Oc-
tober, opened 52Isc, closed 80. oats-Au-
gust, opened 3;1sc, closed S3c; September,
$3.50, close 9sc. PorK-September, opened
Sl1s21s closed sl1.371a; October, opened
slIs5. closed s!l;4:la' January, Of snsd
opened SIS %, closed S1.111a
Live stock-Prices at the Union Stoke
yards today ranged as follows: Hogs-Market
moderately active on local and shipping
account; ami feeling firm; best grades 59lOc
higher; other grades hanged; sales
ranged at S4.iOGL5. 40 pigs S5.20G5 light, $500
Q5SJ rough packing, 500 go.eO mixed, and
S5.5o15.sO heavy packing and shipping lots
Cattle-Narket moderately active on local
and shipping account; prices ruled steady:
quotations ranged S5.oOG5.D choice 20
extra shipping steers Si.5o1io good
to choice do S4.904-9' fair to good,
S35094.lO common to medium do, $40
@40J butchers steers, S25o6ei.3j stockers,
S2Oo03.5O Texas steers S2..5D+sO range
steers Sa.e013.O feeders, Sl.75G13uO COWS, S2oo
as % bulls, and S9.50Ql5. 10 veal calves
Sheep-Market fairly active and prices
steady; quotations ranged at SiO@+a5 per
100 lbs westerns S&50I5.50 natives, S3259i2o
Texas and S3.5016.5O lambs.
dairies, fancy, fresh, EGslc; pac king stock,
fresh l2Dl51sc. Eggs-l5Q l6lsc per doz, loss
off. Live poultry, Hens. 1lG1lla per Id;
spring chichens, l5c: ROSTERS &c; ducks, &c;
spring duck, lie; turkeys. mixed. lllsc; geese
SSOoG6.oO rer doz- Potatoes - Tennessee.
Rose, S2.a5Gla.5O per Dbl; Triumphs $3.50
$50; Kansas Early Ohios. SIGstc per bu
home grown, Early Ohios, SLsj@t2.U per bbl.
Blueberries -Sl-5J9eOO per IL quart case
Raspberries-Rei, Sl-50 per sf-pint case;
black. ll09l. - per l2-Quart case. Blackber-
rles-Michigan Early Harvest. s5GSOc per "A:
pint case. Apples-S2.U09s5o per Dbl; good to
fancy, SS0oG325.
New York.
NEW YORK, Aug l9.
Wheat No red winter cash. sa1fc;
August, sc; September, sc; October,
ss3sc. Corn-No- . mixed cash. &c; Septem-
ber 59lsc; October, 5.ssc; December. 56s4c-
Oats-No. mixed cash, S9lSc: August,
$50: September, SS4c. Rye-Dull; 65l6Sc
foI car lots and boat loads. Barley-Neglect-
ed. Pork-Dull; msss, Sl2 503 1900 for old.
lard Quiet: September, SS-3S
Live Stock.-Catte-Tra ling very dull at
a decline OF l0G25c per loo lbs; poorest to
best native steers S3.7ob5.i0 per 100 lbs: Texans
and COlorados S2S5G 46o; bulls and dry cows
81 .6O@S.50. Sheep and Lambs-Market slow:
sheep, S4G5s5 per 100 lbs; lambs. S5.s5l7.5o.
Hogs-Market firm; live hogs, S515G650 per
100 lbs
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1892-08-20
What Grand ,Iastes Sargent Saws.

TERRE HAUTE. Ind, Aug. 2O.-Grand
Master Sargent, of the Brotherhood of
Firemen, says the firemen have regular
committees on all the roads, and they
would be quick to report any grievances.
No strike can be ordered except by Mr..
Sargent, who says that if the companies
leave his men alone in all probability there
will be no strike of firemen. If firemen
Is called upon to do switchman's work he
will be justified in refusing and if dis
charged, Sargent will uphold him even to
the extent of ordering a strike of firemen.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1892-08-20
The Local Markets.
GRAIN, ETC

Wheat 90Ga2c.
Corn-54656c.
Rye-7e0Slc.
Oats 3603Sc.
Bran -S5c per cwt,
Shipstuf-S1.00 90 per cwt.
Hay-Timothy. S11@11S; prairie, 10ll11; clover
S991O; baled. Sill 00G12. so.
PRODUCE.
Butter-Fsirto choice, 12Isc; creamery, sa124c
Eggs Fresh, 14c; packed, 10c.
Poultry-Chickens, 1OG12h; turkeys 1shc
ducks, 121zc: geese, 10c.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. g,
Apples-$2- -25GS2. 15 per bbl.
Potatoes-25c-
Onions-S0lS5c.
Turnips-45a50c.
LIVE srOCK-
Catte-Butchers pay for fed steers
snG4nc; COWS and heifere, 2MG3c; calves
SG4Mc.
Hoge-4c.
SheepN95c.
Hard-T 5O67 15.
Soft-2 lOQ2 80.
LUMBER.
Common boards S16.
Joist ScantlIng and timber, 10 to 16 feet, S13.
Every additional foot inlength so cents.
Y A Shingles q 70.
Lath s. 50.
Fencing u to 16 feet S1s.
oct boards, rough S16.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1892-08-20
The Weather We May Expect.

WAsHiNGToN, Aug .0.-The following are
the weather Indications Tor tventy-four hours
from p. yesterday: For Wisconsin,
Fair, warmer weather; northerly win1s, be
coming variable. For lowa-Fair weather,
except showers in nor tn western portion; cool
er by to night; easterly winds, becoming vari-
able. For Indiana ami lllinois-Fair weather,
except shove sin n ,rthwe- tern portion: warm
er; northeastern winds For Michigan-Fair
warmer weather.: northeasterly winds.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1892-08-20
WANT THE eTRooPs WITHDRAWN.
A Conference Between Committee, the
Mayor and Sheriff.

A Conference Between a Committee, the
Mayor and Sheriff.
\ committee of four switchmen called
on Mayor Bishop and Sheriff Beck yester
terday and asked that the troops be with
drawn. They claimed that no violence
was being done and that there was no
need for the presence of troops; that they
were really here to force men to work
who did not want to; that they had the
names of men who wanted to quit work
but were not allowed to leave the yards;
that no strikers would injure property;
that in proof of the absence of violence
there was not single complaint lodged at
the district attorneys Office. They want
ed a definite reply.
Sheriff Beck States Some Facts
Sheriff Beck was the first to reply. He
said: ave don't know what will happen
but we do know what has taken place
We know that on Sunday night the prop
erty of the railroads was set fire to and
destroyed and that passen ger trains were
held up, and other unlawful acts were
committed We do not know who did it,
but the fact remains that it was done, and
the militia is here merely to see that these
things do not occur again. The troops are
not here to protect the railroads, but to
preserve peace and suppress riots"
Afraid That Webb Will Kill Them
@For my part" said Mayor Bishop. II
can only say that soon as business is
resumed and men and trains pass
unmolested the troops will be withdrawn
"That's all very well, Mr.. Mayor" said
one of the committee, butM Webb may
kill us all in the meantime. Later one OF
committee said that none of the acts of the
violence could be charged to the strikers.
They did not fire the cars at East Buffalo
and the Gals were old ones that were val
ueless to the company anyhow.
Two Instances OF Violence.
Almost while this commit tee was telling
the mayor that troops were not needed s
car loaded with coal was set on fire in the
Erie yard by somebody who escaped. And
about the same time General YardmasteI
Barrett, while standing on top of a car
was stoned by a group of men who knew
him and shouted his name, and he say.
that he recognized several Of his assailants
as striking switchmen.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1892-08-20

Silver Selling at Eiehty-three.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 20.-The treasury
department yesterday purchased 100000
ounces of silver at from 81. S297 to S0.S303
per ounce.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1892-10-01
n Word to Workers.

II your ayocaCi0ns are mentally or phys
ically laborious, ilthey subject you to eX pos
me in Indictment Weathe, il they confne you
to the desk, and are of u nature to involve
wear and tear of brain and nervous strain.
y"u may occasionally require some removal.
ing tonic Hostetter's Stomach Bitters is the
article for you, it stimulates the failing ener-
GIGS, mvigorates the body and cheers the
mind. IL enables the system to throw of the
lebiltating effects of undue fatigue. gives
renewed vigor to the organs of digestion,
arpuses the liver when inactive, which livery
ofteni with people whose persuits are seden-
tary, renews the jaded appetite, and encour-
ages healthftilrepose. Its Ingredients aresaley
md is credentials, which consist III the hearty
endorsement ofperSons ofeyery class OF socl-
s. are most convincing. Admirable is u
,9!ad 70 the medical wants of Workers
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1892-10-01
NOTICE FOR pUBLicATIO N.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT
IN the following named settler has tilel
notice of his intention to make final proof in
support of his claim, and that said proof will
of Nevada in and for the County of White
Pine, Nevada, at Ely, Nevada, on WEI MES
DAY, February %, 1891, viz George w.
Baker, for the SW a of SW. "a, E.k of SW.
a, and SW. a of Sc. a, Sec. 10, Town ship
dian. He names the following Witnesses to
prove his continuous residence upon, and
cultivation of, said land. viz: William T /.
Gregory, of Osceola. White Pine coun ty, Ne
county, Nevada; Martin Baker, of . sceola
White Pine county. Nevada; Philip M
Baker, of Osceola, White Pine county
Nevada.
-6w) j. p. DUNKLE, Regi ster
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1892-10-01
Notice of Forfeiture.
THO JOSEPH HUBNER, HIS HEIRS
Administrator or assigns

THO JOSEPH HUBNER, HIS HEIRS,
i Administrator or assigns
You are hereby notified that we have done,
or caused to be done, the required assessment
or lode, situated in Robinson Mining Dis
trict, County of White Pine, State of N g.
vada, for the year A. d. 1891. Your proper
ton of the sum expended on such work is
thirty-three and thlrty-three one-hnndredths
the publication of this notice, you fail or refuse
to contribute said portion of expenditure as
co-owner your interest in said Patriarch
mining claim will be forfeited and become
the property of the undersigned under the
provisions of Section 1924, Revised Statutes
of the United States,
II, A. RIEPE,
WILLIAM CAROTHERS-
Dated, Ely, New. August ID, 1892. GOD
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1892-10-01
Iao 80 IT..
OR DESTROYED

CERTIFIJATE NO. 352 ON THE GEN
" eral Fund of White Pine County issued
May 13. 1873. for $342l S5. All pers ons are
cautioned against negotiating the same as
payment has been stopped. The finder will
be suitably rewarded by leaving it at the
NEWS Office.
w. L. DA Wis.
Ely, New, June 4, 1891
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1892-10-01
NEW
LIVERY STABLE.
N e w
LEW CARPENTER

RESPECTFULLY ANNOUNCE TO THE
II public that he has leased the commo-
dious stable of jessie Peaslee, on the north
side of Main Street and put it in first class
FEED AND LIVERY STABLE.
Good care taken of stock, and the best
Quality of Hay always on Hand.
eS~ Our facilities for accommodating the
public are superior 10 any in the Town, and
it will be our aim to merit a liberal share of
the public patronage.
LEW CARPENTER
Ely, March Is. 1890.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1892-10-01
From Eureka to Ely, Taylor
and Phoebe.
Carrying the u. s. Mails and Wells,
Fargo & Co.'S Express.
GOOD STOCK AND QUICK TIME

CTAGES OF THIS LINE LEAVE EU-
- reka daily at 3 A. M. for Hamilton, Ely
and Taylor and twice week from Taylor to
Phoebe.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1892-09-02
Scolding

Scolding j. mostly IA habit. There
j. not much meaning in It. II l. often
the result Of nervousuess-an irrita-
blc condition Of both mind and body.
One is tired or annoyed at some tri-
vial circumstance, and forthwith lie
begins to find fault with everybody
within his reach.
SGolding il habit very readily
formed. IL is astonishing how soon
one who INDUCES in it becomes al
dicted and confirmed in IL. 1t Is an
unreasoning and unreasonable habit.
Persons who get Ito the way Of
scolding always find something to
scold about; and il they found moth
ing else to scold about they would fall
a-scolding 1t the mere absence OF
something 10 scold at. 1t IL an eX-
tremely disagreeable habit. The con
stant rumbling OF distant thunder,
the jargOn Of caterwaulings or the
squeaking Of hand organ under
ones window, is scarcely less unpleas
ant.
The habit is contagious. Once in
troduced into family, IL is pretty
certain in a short time to affect all
the members. II one OF them begins
the hauit Of always finding fault
about something or nothing, the
others are likely TO take IL up soon,
and very unnecessary bedIam is in
augura ted
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1892-09-02
A Petrified Forest.


Mr.. Bruce says n curious thing Is
the ancient lava overflow which yet
caps the hills in many sections, par-
ticularly in Malheur. tie extreme
southeastern county in Oregon. The
hills themselves, under the the cap,
are yellow, red, chocolate. dark aud
other colors, making yariegated aud
strange picture. He found strange
feature in Malheur county.
1T was petriiied forest" said he,
"in what Is now region absolutely
bare Of living trees. II extends for
fifty miles, ] presume, aud gives one
weird feeling 10 look at. Some Of
the trees are four feet through aud
they stand up in places, are fallen and
partly fallen ia Others, and in nearly
all instances seem -uil.nly TO have
been petrided. Even the roots aud
limbs are 20 preserved aud even the
product Of the trees, the fruit, il also.
There are are acOrns there perfectly
preserved.
Most Of the trees are oaks and syc-
amores. / remember riding up 20 u
guIch one day. A great tree lay up
rooted across the chasm. Ii looked
like an actual tree, down 10 the mi
nutest part, and 20 it had been once,
but now it was all stone
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1892-09-02
italian Soldiers, RatIons.

Up to 1883 the Italian soldier was fed
according to the regulations Of the Sar-
dinian army, the scale being as follows;
7S2 or. of white bread, 125 gr. OF coarse
bread flor soup), $50 gr. of meat, $50 gr.
Of biscuit or rice, and Is gr. Of bacon,
with 100 measures" of wine per annnm
for each soldier. Year by year this scale
has varied, being raised or decreased
according to the price Of provisions,
until recently. when it has been de-
cided, under an improved system OF
cooking and general management, to
allow the following ration: White bread,
800 gr.; meat without bone, 200 gr.; rice
biscuit, $50 gr.; bacon, Is gr.; salt, 20
gr., together with 200 rations of coffee
or 100 measures Of wine per annum for
each soldier; in addition to which he
will receive twopence per diem for veg
etables or such relish as he may choose.
These allowances are increased in war
time.-N. Y. Post
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1892-09-02
The Laugh Of a Child.

The laugh Of child will make the
holiest day more sacred still. Strike
with the hand OF fire, o weird mu
sician, thy harp strung with Apollo's
golden hair; fill the vast cathedral
aisles with symphonies sweet and dim.
deft TOUGHER Of the organ keys; blow,
bugler, blow, until thy silver notes do
touch and kiss the inoonlit way es and
charm the lovers wandering mid the
yine-clad hills. But know your sweet
est strains are discords all compared
with chiIdhood's happy laugh-the
laugh that fills the eyes with light
and every heart with joy. Dripping
river OF laughter. thou art the blessed
boundary line between beasts and
men, and every wayward wave OF
thine doth drown some fretful fiend
of care. o laughter. rose-lipped
laughter Of JOY, there are dirnplrs
enough in thy cheeks TO catch and
hold and glorify all the tears OF grief.