The morning call., 1892-04-03
A Summarized History Of the First Stars
and Stripes
Aliens on American vesssls-Large Cargoss Of
Wheat General Montgomery, the Patriot.
Standing Armies Of Europe.

ration Of Independence 1t was raised on
January 2. 1776, had been adopted by
Washington. and was first displayed at his
headquarters at Cambridge, Mass, ON that
day. In June, 1776. when the issue of a
Declaration Of Independence appeared
almost inevitable, Washington and a com
mittee of Congress informally substituted
for the British union a union consisting of
a FIVE pointed star. On June IA, 1777, Con-
gress formally established a field of -
stripes and union of Is white stars on blue
ground. and this new flag was probably first
used at the battle of BraDdywine, on Sep
TENDER II. 1777. Two more stripes and
stars were ordered added by Congress
kentucky. which had been added to the
Union in the meanwhile NOtsithstand-
ing the admission of other States the flag
remained unchanged until the act OF April
4. 1918. changed the number OF stripes 10 I3
the number to remain fixed, and the number
OF stars to be thereafter equal TO the num-
Der of States, the stripes iypifying the origi-
nal States and the stars the present States.
George ii. PrebIe, United States Navy, in
The Origin and Progress of the< United
States Flag in the United States Of America"
gives credit TO Samuel c. Reid, a naval
officer died in New York, January 2S,
1861, OF having designed the present form
OF the flag, stating that flag conforming to
his design was first raised over the Hall of
Representatives IN Washington on April ID,
1918. Again ii is of record that Abram
MaTkoe, Capitalist (oDlt August Is, 1906,
at Philadelphia, Pa, was active in organ
lZlng the Lighthouse Troop of that city, was
its first captain, and in the simmer Of 1775
presented II with flag, which has historic
interest as being the first that bore the -
stripes, symbOliZing the Is colonies that
were then asserting their rights. However
the formal design adopted by Congress in
June, 1177. was carried TO the uphol5tering
shop Of Mrs. Betsy Ross, go Arch street,
Philadelphia, where the first national Gag
was made. The original design required six
pointed stars, but she suggested that five
pointed stars would be more symmetrical
and the pattern WAS change in this respect.
This lady occupied the position of manufac-
turer OF Government flags. and it was re-
tanned by her children upon her death.
Tie stars and stripes, according to another
account. were first unfuried az the battle of
Saratoga October Z. 1777, upon the occa-
sion of the surrender Of Burgoyne.
GENERAL MoNTGoMERY-C. K. City.
| General Richard Montgomery was an irish
gentleman who was in the British army
and whose claims for advancement having
been neglected, sold his commission and re-
turned TO this country in 1913 aud purchased
a farm at Kings Bridge, now a part of
l.
list of eight Brigsdier- Generals appointed
for the Continental army, and the only one
not from New England. He was the sec
ond ia command under General Philip
| Schuyler on the expedition to Canada, bu.
| on account OF the Illness Of his Superior the
! command Geyolyed upon him. This eXpe-
| dItinn reSutedin the capture OF Montreal in
| 17I5, and a. the reduction of one of the for
! iTeSSes were captured colors, which were
a ia m rx
/ War. For his service he was made Major
| General, and as such he commanded the
/ assault on Quebec in a heavy SNOW storm
/ on December 81, 1775. himself leading
/ his men aud carrying the first barrier. Then
/ eXclalmlDg. Men Of New ork, you will not
/ fear to follow where your general leads, -
/ be pushed onward against the fortified
| blockhouse, protected in front by a
stockade, was killed with his two aids by
1 the first and only discharge of the British
artillery, resulting in the driving of the
! Americans, under Colonel Benedict Arnold,
| from the city and the capture of about 400
| Of the little army OF some 600 men. Enemia las
and friends paid tribute 10 M0ntgomery's
Yalor. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor
| and Council OF Quebec and all the principal
| officers of the garrison buried him with the
| honors of war. The remains found their
| last resting place in 1913 in St PauPs
| chapel in New York City, near the monu-
menI that was ordered in France by Ben
| honor of the patriotic conduct. enterprise
and perseverance of this adopted son of
! America.
| JOHN NoRRIs-C. K, City. John Nor
ris, whose name is associated with the
! American Revolution, was lawyer emf
nent in his profession. In 1776 he was
commissioned Justice of the Court of
| Common Pleas. and having ardentIy es-
flao - .f,a
| pointed Quartermaster with the rank and
| pay OF heutenant-colonel of the Pennsyl-
ysna troops. In 1777 an emergency arose
/ compelling him to discharge the duties of
! Auorney-Genersl. Andrew Allen had held
| the Office since 1766 and in the early par. of
| the struggle had taken sides with the colo
nlsts, but terrified at the success of the
| British in New York became a Tory and
! went over TO the enemy when the red coats
approached Philadelphia. Important cases,
many OF them growing out of the war. were
4 then coming up for trial in the several
| counties, and in this crisis the Supreme
| Executive of the Council appealed TO Nor
| ris to accept the Attorney Gcneralship. He
did so against his tastes, and his services
| were both timely and valuable, adding 10
the esteem in which he was held by the
authorities.
ALIENS ON AMERICAN VEssELs-J. S.
| d., City. The Q. c. has yet to learn that
mo aliens are allowed to sail on American
vessels" 1t had always understood the
! law to be that engineers and pilots must
| be citizens, and that ''all the officers of YES
| sells Of the United States shall be citizens
| of the United States, except that in cases
| where. on foreign voyage or on a voyage
from an Atlantic TO Pacific port of the
| United States, any such vessel is for any
reason deprived of the services of an officer
| below the grade of master, his place, or a
vacancy caused by the promotion of another
| officer to such place. may be supplied by a
person not citizen of the United States
| until the first return of such vessel to its
| home port; and such vessel shall not be
liable to any penalty or penal tax for such
employment OF an alien officer"
! LARGE WHEAT CARGoEs-J. l.. b.. Tur-
lock. Cal. A cargo of 1000 tons of grain is
not often cleared, and very rarely outside
| of San Francisco. More cargoes of that size
have been cleared FROM this port than from
| all other ports In the world. No port out
| side OF San francisco has essayed to clear a
| o00G-tOn cargo OF grain. But in 10 years six
OF these large cargoes have been shipped
| from this port as follows: November IL,
| tails; November 1, 1885. Palgrave, 107 475
| centals; February 8. 1891. Rappahannock.
| l02. 600 cspta.s; March %, 1871, Alice A.
Leigh. 102.3 6f centals; July 81. 1891, She
nandoah, 112,5 97 centRls, and February "a,
1892 Honresfeld, 1o2. 396 centals.
Loss OF THE LEPANTo-F. B., City.
Newspaper imagination likely outstretched
itself in the announcement; that in the fire at
Barcelona, Spain. on the 2Sth alt the first
| class sea-going armOr-clad Italian vessel Le-
panic was destroyed and sunk. Ten to il
was the Spanish deck protected cruiser Lee
panto.
CANNOT VoTE-C. K. City, and J. p,
Los Angeles. According to the laws of
this State no person convicted of any in
famous crime and no person convicted of
aiaorz