davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Ordered by the Board that tho
road overseer in each district shall
not be paid as road overseers only
when they are performing the follow
ing duties: 1st, when warning men
out to work on the road; I'd, when
experimenting a crew Of men work
ing on the road; Sd, when collecting
road poll taxes. Overseers must COM
ply strictly to the law in regard to
making reports and other statements
to Commissioners and other officers.
The above to be standing notice in
the WORLD for three months.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12
Notice.

The subscribers to the capital stock
of the Boise County Mining Com
pany, Limited, are hereby notified
that their subscriptions are required
to be paid to the treasurer, Art Cum
ningham, on or before July 10, 1892
All stock not paid for at that date
will oe subject to sale.
The stock books will be IN the
hands of the secretary by the 10Th o.
July, and all those presenting the
treasurer's receipt will receive theil
certificates, BY order of the board
JIG. WATTS,
Secretary
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12
Notice for Publication.
LAND OFFICE at Boise City, Idaho, |
June4 4 1900


Notice is hereby given that the follow
ing-named settler has filed notice of inten-
tion TO make final proof in support of bis
claim. and that said proof will be made be
The Register and Receiver at Boise City,
on Tuesday, July 10, 1892. viz: Henry
Rood. of Jerusalem, Boise county, Idaho,
for the S a ofNW a and Lots and 4, Sec
5,T7N. R3E.
| He names the following witnesses to
prove his continuous residence upon and
cultivation of, said land, viz: Timothy
| Brainard, Jacob Mann, John Peterson
Colbein Gunderson, all of Jerusalem, Boise
county, Idaho.
ANY person who desires to protes
against the allowance of such proof, ol
who knows of any substantial reason, un
der the law and regulations of the interior
Department, why such proof should not b
| allowed, will be given an opportunity a
| the above mentioned time and place t
cross-examine the witnesses of said claim
ant, and to offer evidence in rebuttal of tha
submitted by claimant.
| CHAs. s. KINGSLEY,
Register.
June Z, '92.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

ON the Sth Senator Shoup offered
an amendment to the sundry civil ap-
nropriation bill increasing the amount
for public surveys to s45O'ooo. he
addressed the Senate at length and
made strong statement in oehaii OF
the settlers and the State. Inc
amendment was adopted. The Sem
ator deserves the thanks of the peo-
ple of Idaho, who feel the need OF an
ample appropriation for the survey oil
public lands.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

SEE notice headed, "Selling out.
Jake Phillips is selling out his goods
cheap for cash. The eat're STOCK
house and lot are for sale, and II you
want a good bargain go to Jake and
talk business. If he fails to tind a
buver for the property he will sell at
retail at prices very low for cash. II
vo, want a set of harness, a saddle
bridle. or anything IN that line' get
his prices before purchasing eise'
where.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Two Lepers. one Dead a.A One Law.
ing.


Boise Statesman
George Glover, the undertaken who
was on Thursday summoned 70 Frank
Turner'S ranch, about twelve miles
up the river, to inter the body Of
George Kavanaugh, formerly pros
pector, relates q horrible tale OF dis
ease and death.
The dead man and his partner, Al
exander McGaw, had long lived in =
rude dug-out on the Martin ranch.
The dug g-out faced the river, and It
furnished little or no shelter from the
weather.
Kavanangh died from the effects
of dreadful destroying disease, AKIN
TO leprosy. A number Of persons
who saw the man before and after
death declared that be bad actually
died of Ieprosy.
When Mr.. Glover entered the dug
out to secure the body of Kavanaugh
he was nearly overcome with nausea
The corpse was lying upon pile q
filthy blankets on one side Of the hov.
ell, while not FIVE feet away lay hii
partner, McGaw.
The latter is afflicted with the same
awful malady that caused Kava
nsugh's death, and at the time of ths
undertaker's visit he WAS 90 nearly
dead himself that be could move on
ly his toes and his hands, and this will
great effort.
His head, arms aud other portions
of his body we're literally raw, BIZ
blear eyes were sunken, and tn
stamp of death was upon bis searet
brow. McGaw's body was literall,
decomposing while he still lived.
j The corpse of Kavanaugh wa
even more horrible in appearance
than was the body of the breathing
McGaw, but over him the sacred vel
of death has been kindly thrown. Hi
body was buried close beside tn
r rushing stream.
: McGaw, whose body was terribl
bloated, his feet and his hands beiD
four times their natural size, raile
bitterly at his dead partner, who |
said was responsible for their terrib
fate. He said they had been dyir
by inches for months, and that the
had suffered intensely. He refuse
, to say where he and his partner hi
, contracted the fatal disorder.
III Mr.. Glover suggested that he oug
to be sent to the poor farm, wherein
. on McGaw became highly excite
He SAID he had always lived like
prince, had been fast man, and
fore he would 60 to the pauper hoI
" he would crawl down to the river a
drown himself.
McGaw cannot recover. His e
y is not far away. A man named n
" ers will attend him until death teri
mates his suffering.
Mr.. Glover said that the effluvi
a exhaled by the decaying body OF \
b. Cav and the corpse of kavanau
I'D was almost overpowering. 1t COZ
an be detected by a person standl
aI twenty feet from the dug out. ]
n, floor of the den, he said, was cover
=, with blood and filth and vermin.
IS all his previous experience as an
NJ dertaker he had never encounte
e- such horrifying sight.
.ss About a month ago a man '
;al passing the deadly dug-out and
h, fearful odor prompted him to Il
aa within. He saw McGaw and ka
naugh lying upon their filthy pail
and be fed IN alright, declaring
'h- he had seen two purifying corp
ay' Mr.. Glover took two caskets and W
mp out there to bury the suppose
on dead bodies, but he found the I
IL H.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Notice.
AT the adjourned meeting Of the Board
of County Commissioners held on Nay
l3, 1892, It was ordered by the Board, in
the matter OF the petition Of G. Baird End
four hundred 400 others for cnmbina-
ton iron bridge. the estimated cost to be
four thousand dollars, TO be constructed
across the Payette river at or near Marsh
postofice, Boise county, Idaho, that the
same be loid over, and that the Clerk Of
the Board advertise the same in the IDA
no WoRLD for thirty Gays preceding the
July meeting of the Board
Arr CUNNINGHAM,
Clerk Bid. Co. Gums
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

A MEETING of the BOISE County
republican Central Committee will
70 held in Idaho City at l o'clock P
T. Saturday, July 16, 1892.
S. G. SILsBY,
Chairman.
Y. u. JONES. Sec'v.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

The House passed the free lead
bill on the Sth. The bill was opposed
by Townsend, of Colorado, and Sweet,
of this State.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

lFyou want sewing machine for
'oout one-half what the same can be
bought for from an agent, call around
pthe WORLD office. These machines
are made by the New Home COM
pany, are brand new, and first class.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

DR.. o. L. MoAR, skillful dentist
of Boise, arrived here yesterday and
will remain few days and then visit
Banner. He can be found at the Lu-
ma House.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

THE WORLD office is lawless. Some
one in search of legal light walked
off with our copy of the Revised Stat
utes of Idaho. He will confer great
favor on this office by returning same.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12
Will Sell cheap for cash.
rreasurer's Notice.

Treasurer's Notice.
The following warrants will be paid on
presentation at my office:
COUNTY GENERAL FUND-lS90.
Nos. 317, 30s, 321 and 3a4; also all 9th.
er County General warrants registered
prior to July lS, 1890
ROAD FUND.
Warrants registered October 16, 1889
Nos. 4l6, 4l0 and ALL.
May L 1922. %. T~as
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

iHE Statesman says at the present
" s"e there is every reason to believe
" "a' both the Boise Butte and the
''"pa'Silver City railroad will be in
Ssurse OF construction before the end
=. autumn of 1898. A party of sur
,syors' to be headed by Chief Engi-
. asef /. ID. Babbitt, of Nampa, have
sv"e TO Sik er City to work north
n. ARA from that place. o. L. Miller,
e promoter of the Boise Butte line,
a.s returned from the East and is
,s'y sanguine that the road will be
constructed.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

In the House, on the 9th, the silver
bill was reported and placed on the
calendar. The probabilities are that
it will be taken up next week.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

SOME part of the pump at the Wash
ington mire broke last Friday.
Charley Magee brought in pump
from Banner Sunday and took it on
to the Washington yesterday. 1t
will be put in Immediately.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Ma. and Mrs. VIM. Byrne and Mrs.
A. B. Day, who have been visiting
slatives aud friends of this place, re-
mrned to Banner yesterday.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

HENRY WHITNEY came over yes
terday with big bulk of gold cleaned
up at his mil at Grimes Pass. Henry
did not give the figures, as his COM
pany do not seem disposed to make
public their business. Henry said,
however, that the mine is turning out
this year better than he expected, and
the ore is. higher grade than that
worked last year, which means that
it is good enough. The mine made
good record last year and the own,
ers were then thoroughly satisfied
with the property. The ore Il
crushed in twenty-stamp mill, one
of the best in the county. The pa,
ore of the ledge runs from three t'
seven feet, and now and then widen
out 10 twenty five feet.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12
Big strike In Opal Mines Mt MOSCOW
Moscow Star.

On Tuesday as the foreman at the
Moscow mines jumped into the pit
after a blast had been touched of and
the smoke cleared away remark
able sight met his gaze. On the floor
of the pit lay great number OF pieces
of opal broken from one original
niece and in the wall protrud'ng
tberefrom was probably the largest
onal ever discovered. The pieces
were carefully gathered together and
were found to be of the enormous
weight of 1440 carats.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

D. J. SMIrH's three-stamp testing
a''l Is now running on ore from the
u0den Fleece mine, near Centerville.
WI Smith has already made test OF
VIC from the Golden Star, on the
Ame vein and near the Fleece
.nese mines are owned by X. P
,'0wman. Mr.. Smith, representing
:" Milwaukee and Idaho Mining Co.
s'estlng the ores with view of buy
"g II the tests prove satisfactory.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

WIN and iron car for the Bella
mining company passed through here
last Saturday for Beaver district.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

A HEAVY ram storm last Sunday
night settled the dust and cooled the
A.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

enterprise and two shafts were sunk
--one ninety eight feet in 1864, and
another 102 feet in 1869, but not be-
ing provided with pumps failed to
get to the granite. But little water
was struck in the shaft sunk in '69,
and it would probably have been con-
tinued on down but for the breaking
OF the bucket. The shaft began to
6ll up and work was abandoned.
Winter was coming on aud there be-
ing no head 70 the company and no
organization the work stopped and
no one scarcely knew why. With :
very small pump the water that was
struck could have been easily handled,
but pumps were not to be had in
those days. 1t is very probable that
bucket would have done the work,
as many believed there was no living
stream of water but simply : reser-
voir. This shaft struck either sand or
gravel, but the man in the bottom
did not bring any Of it up to pros
pect. With bucket the water
gained but little, if any, but the
bucket was soon broken through
carelessness and the work stopped
Now, with pump, there will be nc
difficulty in sinking a shaft. The
money that will be expended in The
enterprise will he but small amount
for each, and if pay is struck such >.
was discovered 10 Australia and Brit
ish Columbia, the stock holders will
realize immensely on the investment
Besides, the money expended will nol
60 outside the county, as would have
been the case if the company hac
stuck to their frst plan--to let con
tract to Boise man to bore for pay
There is another advantage in sink
ing shaft. If pay should be strucl
by boring, shaft would then have t
be sunk and the money paid for Dor
ing would be as good as thrown away
Besides, boring is an unsatisfactor.
test. When the people understan'
that the shaft is an assured fact, the
will all await the result with cage
anxiety. As we said before, this en-
terprise is one of wonderful possibill
ties, and the outlay is very small.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12
COUNTY AND STATE.

Mss GETTIE MCCLINrocK returned
last Friday from her visit in Boise.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Office over Shainwald's Store, boise
City, Idaho. Jan l2-u
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

THE Board of County Commission
ers met Yesterday.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

HARRY SMITH went out to Banne
Yesterday.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Selling Out
l am now selling out my stock OF
saddles, harness, etc., cheap for cash,
with view of closing business. Now
is your time to buy. The entire es-
tablishment-house, lot, stock and
business are for sale cheap.
All who are indebted to me are re-
quested to settle within ninety days
JACOB PHILLIPS.
IDAHO CRY, July II, 1892. I'm.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12
Ainslie & Gray,
YS-A r. L A W,

General law practice. Mining AND WA
rER LITIGATION a speciality.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Miss MAGGIE DUQUErTE went over
to Centerville yesterday.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

Analytical work and assaying of ores,
urhs, waters, etc. Results guaranteed !;
tb.rges moderate List of charges for all
d,ss Of work furnished upon application.
Boise City, Dec. II, 1891-tf.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1892-07-12

I. E. JONES, Sec'y.
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1892-04-18

vSn yteD yorf," Der1eBt Sars, Der bel
Der MISUNDERSTANDING felt ber @eleulbaft
iiber urb ilber rotb'geporben lit uno oann
etDas ge3tpnngen mltla6t.
$50 10, cine NnerifQnerin !"
PLUS .en9lii9er Samilie permutbIi6 2"
vSer Slater meiner Srau iuar 6ambur=
80, i'd bin in 6ambnrg siemIih befannt,
laIle tn 1eoenl Sabr bort 8ferbe geben uno
ftebe in freunbli1en 8esiebunsen su elmer
Wen9e gutter Sainburger Sanilien. 9er
9tanle Sbres SdwiegerDaters lit mir bod
1tderliA au6 befanlt.@
vM1ein S6miegerpater lebte 10 larae
braben, 0GB letn ytalne aQnlGLi6 enaIi}irt
tpuroe, WteiHe Srau bieB ais 0t6bhen
@lioe gepman."
@r gibt oiele GrflGrung baftig un6 mt
bertuiuig, Grgerlih, bah man tbu getpiilers
maben baSu ge5tpAugen, lno bel11mt. bah
er nidt aud einen b~odflingenben gtamen
oteier ariitotratilhen @eieul6aft entgegenz
lGIeubern fam.
uGihts fir UNCUT, gilenrottl" meint
2emmburg, ii6 nod irnuler Die Nrgen mi=
l6enb, unD flopft ienem 9utmitbig auf Die
Sbulter. SD tperoe in ben n66iten Eagen
bel Sbrer @elnablin" -.leine Stimlne ats
terte ocd nod etn Denig tpie Dor u11ters
orIdtem Baden Incline &arte abgebeu.
ODER baben Sic ~gmpfangstog?"
ug8tr iino Oil ieoem Wtttttpoh BON 0rei
bis le6s uno an jeDem Sonnabeno BON
neun ubr 2lbenbs ab 5u 6aule. User aber
stpii6enbinein nod fommen pil, lit immer
ipiutommen, porausseieBt, DaB CT Seen1ano
BET mir Dabetm trifft, oenn mir Ituo ni0t
2eute bon reqelmaBisen @epobnbeiten."
@inige 6erren notiren lih Die Sage unb
Stuuoen uno perlpreden, ocr iuugen ssrau
BON @iienrott ibre llufapartung aa maiden ;
nur &inDmar nerbGlt iih idtpeigenb unb
Suridbalten0. @r bat burdaus ni1ts baz
The Columbus journal., 1892-07-27

The Alumni society of the Colum-
bus High School passed a very pleasant
evening at the residence of L. Gerard
in the north part of the city, Wednesday.
A business meeting was first held. Miss
Nettie Anderson was elected president;
Miss Phoebe Gerard vice president;
Miss Martha Welch secretary; George
Whaley treasurer. A committee of
three was appointed by the president to
make all arrangements for the enter
tainment of next years class. After the
business was disposed of those present
repaired to the dining room where re-
freshments were served. About ten
o'clock the band serenaded the society
by playing a number of fine selections,
After supper was finished, the time was
spent socially, in music and converse
tion. These meetings, SO far, have only
occurred once year and are intended
to perpetuate the memory of school
days. The society has large member
ship, although all the graduates are not
members, and many being away, the
social this year was not we'll attended.
The Columbus journal., 1892-07-27

Oconee Occurrences.
On Monday tho Thermometer touched
1OO' in tho shade.
On Saturday night some local citizens
assembled in our school house and
formed themselves into republican
club. The general constitution was
adopted and q staff OF officers was ap-
pointed, with great cOrdiality. Some
who had hitherto supported the alli-
ance movement were present, and to say
the least, did not offer any opposition,
and it is hoped there will continue to be
manifested harmonious desire to sup
port and re-elect our present president.
who has in every way proved himself SO
worthy of continued confidence
A local alliance paper has this par
agraph: AT the republican convention
yesterday G. ID. Meiklejohn was nomi-
mated on an internal ballot for congress
man. We hope this is not quite true.
Mr.. Hendryx has moved into his new
house on his claim at Monroe. 50 that
his time has begun to count.
Mr.. Solomon Dryfuss of South Omaha
was greeting old neighbors here this
week.
Miss Henshaw. of Boston, who has
been visiting at Mr.. Murdock's, left on
her tour to California this week.
An ice cream festival was held ut
Monroe on Friday evening, promoted by
the ladies' aid society of the Presbyte-
rian church. A large gathering took
place and the proceeds, which are con-
siderable, were devoted to the fund now
being formed towards the erection of a
parsonage in the rising little town.
The heat in this vicinity during the
week has been oppressive, the thermom-
eter ranging about 1OO' and over. Rain
is much desired for the crops, and at
present Saturday there are some indi-
cations of the welcome change.
The Columbus journal., 1892-07-27

F. Melbourne, the 'rain- maker" as
he is called, was telegraphed Monday
night by Supervisor Byrnes, asking what
his charge would be for coming here
and guaranteeing a good rain. The re-
ply was from Cheyenne, Wyo.: "Good
rain over county $4,000, selecting head
quarters most advantageous to work
FROM" A rejoinder was sent telling him
to come at once, but at noon Tuesday
(when we close our fOrms) no further
word had been received. There is no
doubt but We need rain, need it badly
for corn and potatoes, etc., (the small
grain generally, what is yet to harvest,
would be little benefitedl, and many
people are coming to have full faith in
Melbourne's ability to bring rain. 1t is
said that he has never had failure
sometimes the storms have bordered on
cyclones; his prices having advanced
from $1,000 to $500, it shows that his
services are in increasing demand.
The Columbus journal., 1892-07-27
For Sale.

After 36 years of successful farming
in Nah,asta .rd ba;ro dao;,ouo ~ on
:,
gaeing III other business oner tne Ioi'
lowing lands for sale:
$40 acres within one mile and quar-.
tar of Oconaa nm tho Tnun x;tb .ho,t
,oo
IOO acres IN young tlmoer' q corral 1or
800 head OF cattle. a frame house and
stable and about 60 acres broke. all nm.
der fence-an extra good stock farm,
being we'll watered.
Nv ho,..tooa Co.., ~, .h,,. .co .,,
" 49," ~
tnree miles west OF Coiumous, nneiy I'M
proved, 100 acres of good timber, large
The Columbus journal., 1892-07-27

Wheat and oats are now being har-
vested. Rye, barley and fall wheat were
cut last week, and q large portion of
them are now in stack. The grain was
good; a little rust visible in oats and
wheat and few chinch bugs in the
latter.
Now that apples, plums, gooseberries
and many other fruits are q partial fail
ure, the grape crop (which ia good must
be saved and extra care and attention
given to the tomato plant, or else when
winter sets in We will be without fruit
and will have to 60 down deep into our
purse to obtain the luxury.
There was q rattle at Fred Stenger's
last Friday night, where q yearling colt
| was the object contested for. We didn't
learn the particulars, but was told that
Will Ernst led of the colt.
While in session last week the super
| visors sought to place themselves in
communication with Melbourne, the
great rain dear maker, who, they learn
ed was then at Wayne, Neb. An answer
| to q telegram told them he was not there.
Thus it will be seen that our represent
atives have their weather eye open to
our best interests. We must have a
shower this week or serious results will
follow.
Miss Alice Quinn, youngest daughter
of Mrs. and Mr.. Owen Quinn, took the
train at Columbus Saturday, for Wal
nut, Bureau county, ILL.,, her old home,
where she will probably attend college.
The home of the Stevenson Bros,
Clinton, Burton, Frank and Will, just
over the county line, in COlfax, was
made doubly happy last week by the
arrival from Iowa of their lady cousins,
the Misses Jones. The boys appreciate
this visit the more, since they have no
sisters of their own.
This is positively the last week for
sowing your buckwheat and turnips,
and if you have not already sown them,
do so now.
Those were squash vines and not
cookie burrs as first stated, that are
growing in Fred Stenger's corn, simply
squash vines.
Is Columbus fully aware that within
her corporate limits there resides a per-
son who, as lecturer, is superior to
Bill Nye, Mark Twain and many other
comical men of brains? We refer to
Uncle Bixby, and since being stricken
with that rabid road cart, it has only
added brilliancy to his words. He should
be in the lecture field and advertised as
the Red Horse of the Platte Valley.
Every farmers son and his best girl
would 60 to hear him. R.
The Columbus journal., 1892-07-27
Humphrey.
From the Democrat. |

ODE Terwilliger lost the middle finger
of his left hand Tuesday and narrowly
escaped the loss of bis whole hand, while
oiling his wind mill.
George Willard of Columbus was in
town Tuesday.
G. w. Clark has stalks of corn in his
field over eight feet high.
Mr.. Bernard Schroeder who died re.
Gently at Henrietta, Clay county, Texas
leaves large family, the youngest being
baby in arms.