Arizona weekly citizen., 1892-08-20

the night, propose to make a chart. il
 which l will set down the waters anC lands of the ocean sea in their propel situations under their bearings; and fur
 ther. to cOmpOse book and illustrate
 the whole m picture by latitude from
 the eqlnoctial and longitude from tho
 west; and upon the whole 1t will be es sential that should forget sleep and at
 tend closely to the navigation to accom-
 plish these things. which will be a great
 labor"
 Thus are formally and expressly stat. ed by Columbus the objects of this ex. traordinary voyage The material facts still extant of his journal will be found incorporated in the present work
 It was on Friday the 3d of August.
 l492. early in the morning that Column bus set sail from the bar of Saltes. a small island formed by the arms of the Odiel. in front of the town of HueIva. steering in a SOuthweSterly direction for the Canary islands. whence it was his intention to strike due west. As guide by which to sail Ee had prepared map or chart, improved upon that sent him by Paulo TOScanelli Neither of those now exists but tine globe or planiSphere fin- lshed by Martin Behem in tdiS year of the admirIls first voyage is still extant. and furnishes an idea of what that chart of Columbus must have been IL exhiD- its the cO;ISts of Europe and Africa from the south nf Ireland tO the end of Gui- nea. and OppOsite tO them. on tine other ! ,y1sla tl, A-T. f Asia. or as it was termed. India Be ffween them k placed the island of Ci- pangO or Japan. which. according to | Marco Polo. lay 800 miles distant from the ASiatic coast In his computations Columbus advanced this island about a thousand leagues too much to the east, | suppOsIng It to be abOut the situation of Florida. and at this island he hoped first 1 to arr1ve.
 The exultation of Columbus at finding | himself. after so many years of baffied | hope. fairly launched on his grand enter | prise waS checked by his want of con- | iidence in the resolution and persever- ance of his crews As long as he re- mained within reach of Europe there
 
 l pentance and alarm. they might not re- nOunce the prosecution of the voyage and insist on a return. Symptoms soon appeared to warrant his apprehenSinns. On the third day the Pinta made signal of distress. her rudGer was discovered to toe broken and unhung This Columbus SurmiSed to be done through the con trivance of the owners of the caravel. Gomez RaScon and ChriStoval Quintero. to disable their vessel and cause her to be left bPhiEd AS has already been ob- served, they had been pressed into the service greatly against their will. and their cslrave! seized upon for the expedi- tion. in conformity to the royal orders
 COlumbus was much disturbed at this occurrence. lt gave him q fOretaSte of further difficulties to be appreEended from crews partly enlisted on compuI- sion. and all full of duabt and forebod- ing Trivial obstacles might. in the present critical state of his voyage. spread panic and mutiny through his ships and entirely defeat the expedition
 The wind was blowing strongly at the time. so that ne coul,i not render assist ance without endangering his own Yes sel Fortunately Martin Alonzo Pinzon commanded the Pinta and being an adrOIt and able seaman succeeded in se- curing the rudder with cords so as to bring the vessel into management. This. however. was but temporary and in- adequate expedient; the fistenings gave way again on the following day and the other ships were obliged to shorten sail until the ruddpr could be secured. This damaged state of the fInUa. as we'll as her being Tn leaky condition, ! determined the admiral to tOuch at the [ Canary islands and seek vessel to re- | place her He considered himself not far | from those islands. thongh different | opinion was entertained by the pilots of | the squadron The event proved his in taking observations and Keeping reckOnIngs for they came in.I sight of the Canaries on the morning of the 9th
 They were detained upward of three weeks among these islands, seeking in vain another vessel They were obliged. therefore, tO make new rudder for the Piuta and repair her for the voyage The Iateen sails of the Nina Were also al- tered into square sails. that she might work more steadily and securely and be able to keep company with the other yes sels
 While sailing among these islands the crew were terrified at behOlling the lofty peak of Teneriffe sending forth of flameand smoke. being ready to take alarm at any extraordinary phenomenon and to cOnstrue Il into disastrous portent Columbus took great pains to dispel their apprehensions, ex- planning the natural causes of those volcanic fires and verifying his explana- tiOns by citing Mount Etna and other | well known volcanoes While taking m wood and water and provisions m The island of Gorera, a vessel arrived from Ferro. which re- ported that three Portuguese caravels had been seen lowering of that island, with the intention. il was sad, of ' Columbus The admiral sus- pected some hostile stratagein on the part of the king of Portugal in revenge for his having embarked in the service Jf Spain; he therefore lost no time in putting Co sea. anxious to get far from . . hose islands and out of the track of l : trembling lest something : might occur to defeat his expedition : under such inauspicious cir I '
 CHAPTER IL ( FIRST NOTICE OF THE VARIATION OF THE {
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