The morning call., 1892-10-21

certainly ltS malnStaV, IN religious perse-
eution. Hardy God-fearing men crosse |
the Atlantic in search Of peace of conscience
and liberty of worship. They settled tear
fully in the new land, and the necessity of
work for dear life made them conquer all
difficulties. Had there been better condi-
lions OF justice for them in England they
would have remained there. In Henry
Wis time enforced emigration for the
sake of conscience had no motive. The
idea Of conquest was no doubt considered,
but II was quite apart from independents.
self-governlDg colonization. The idea of
later times gradually evolved from the
prosperity of the colonizers. The whole
conception Of colonization had in fact gone
to sleep in Europe since the days Of the
Greeks and Romans.
Sebastian Cabot, in bis.account of the ex-
petition of 1893, sailed as far as latitude
67h deg north and southwark as far as
latitude SO deg north. exploring the coast
for distance of 1900 miles, He thus may
have entered Hudsons Bay and. have seen
the coast of Virginia. He had with him
800 men and was DESTROYS of forming a
colony. But his men had no such enthusi-
asm. They had no taste for a struggle with
sayages for hard toll only to make living.
All along the line Of Sebastian's discoveries
there was nothing to allure the voyager.
The arts of agriculture. such as they were
among the English. might be followed, with
the red man as an 0Dl0oker or an enemy,
but those very arts of agriculture could be
followed at home under better conditions.
There was neither gold nor silver in sight,
such as had bedaZzled the covetous Span
iards in southern portions OF America. The
abundance of those very metals was due to
the civilization of the races whom the
Spaniards conquered in Mexico and Peru.
1t was an evidence of their industry and
civic order. Once the Spaniards got their
footing through conquest it was compare
lively easy TO regulate the government Of
such races. 1t was otherwise with the In
dams.
Had Columbus sailed under a charter
from Henry VII it Is not probable he could
have done more than Sebastian Cabot in
northern regions. He would have had saw
age people to dwell among, and colonization
could only have slowly progressed. as 1t did
In all the colonies from Virginia to Massa-
chusetts, and from Virginia to Georgia
Labor. hard and persistlng, was the only
way to success. and the men who labored
had the moral stamina to triumph over
difficulties
On the other hand, had Columbus taken
his course from England, not for the tenn
perate regions Of North America, hut for
the West Indies "a suppositon hardly credi-
blel, and had the English taken the place
Of the Spaniards in Mexico, Florida, the
West Indies, Peru and Central America,
what is the likelihood that the English
would have thrived there or done much
better than the Spaniards, who are accus-
toned to torrid heats? The SpaDiard i'm
pressed native labor. The Englishman must
have done the same or have imported negro
slaves, as he afterward did. The gold and
silver would have been carried off by the
Englis Imam just as by the Spaniard. Per-
haps the self-governing and self-reliant
qualities of men like Drake and Raleigh
would have provided stable and just ad-
ministration, untrammeled by the distant
mother country. But we see what happened
when England tried TO coerce the American
colonies; and long before that epoch CO.
ercion might have occurred in the
southern countries for the sake of gold
and silver.
The best thing possible happened for CIV
ilIzatiOn in the New World when. through
persecution. England drove forth che found
ers OF The various colonies which finally threw
off her yoke as protest against gross in
justice. The country In which the colonies
settled gave them trials Of endurance which
promoted the ascendency Of the fittest, and
we see the result to-day. The United States
is without peer in all the qualities Of a
self-relant population, indomitable in
energy and supreme in the average of intel
ligence for practical life. Would English
ascenden cy in the tropical zone Of America
have resulted equally we'll? The native
civilization would have been subdued or
crushed, as under the Spaniards. Suppose
the govern ment, the administration of de-
tails for the welfare of the people, as good
as In India-and that is really high stand
ard attained in century-what then
Could any portion of tropical America. if
Indanized, so to speak. since the time of
Henry the Seventh, compare with the
ripened national growth which the United
States inherits from the colonization seeds
planted by England in the temperate
regions Experience answers decidedly in
the negative.
Many things were wanting to broad COL
onization In these early days. Ships were
small. The Great Harry, or Henry Grace
de Dieu, was positive wonder, but was
only 1000, or. as some say, 1900 tons burthen.
A vessel of 200 tons was large. Whatever
seamanship was, navigation was wTetched
as a service.
Colonization of the Ango-Saxon stock
came mainly from persecution. Raleigh's
settlement of Virginia in 1906 was excep-
tioDal. But Lord Baltimore's settlement In
Maryland in 1854. also the Mayflower's set
Element at Plymouth Rock in 1920. and the
accessions Of colonization which followed.
as we'll as the drift of Puri.ans westward in
Laud's fiery day, and of Quakers in Charles
the Seconds and James the Seconds days,
must be ascribed to religious intolerance.
The germs of liberty and progress accom-
panied that revolt against intolerance.
Men who would have been contented to
farm in England came to Maryland. Massa-
chusetts and New York to farm. They
understood how to labor in one country as
in the other. and they formed a colonizing
stock such as has never before been seen
in the world and probably never will be
again.
Ali later immigration has arisen from
pressure of population. except in the case of
Ireland. where political and religious perse-
cution combined has resulted in the forma-
ton of greater Ireland abroad, six times
over, than the "ould sod" can claim locally
The overlooking population of Europe now
looks upon the United States as its hope for
footing in life and the utmost elasticity of
Freedom I MnDnnrDrc