The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-05-23
One is Poweriess without the Other-"The
Divine Law Rejects the Socialists
Solution"-Foreign Events.
lBy Cable to The Times ]


old authority. The law is stated IN Deuter-
Onomy. V. 81: Neither shalt thou desire thy
neighbOrs wife: neither shalt thou coyet thy
neighbors house; his field, his man-seryant,
or his maid-seryant, his OK, or his ass, or any
thing that is his
REJECTS THE SOCIALISTS SOLUTION.
The divine law therefore rejects the So
cialists solution, which would abolish private
property, substituting q collective common
ownership. In proceeding 10 consider the re-
lations of the State TO the individual, the en-
cycical says: 70 think that the authority
Of the State ought arbitrarily to invade the
family intimacy Is great and pernlclous
error. The State can undoubtedly intervene
when the condition of the family IS too DIS
astrous, but then only to alleviate it and TO
safeguard the rights and interests OF the
| public power without violating the rights OF
individuals. To 90 beyond these limits would
be TO violate the nature of things. The state
should neither destroy nOrabsOrD the paternal
power 10 reconcile the rights of State, OF capl-
talists and the proletariat.
HUMAN EFFORTS TIPoTENT.
We affirm, unhesitatingly, that human
efforts are impotent without the concurrence
Of the Church.
The eAcyclcal goes on at length TO recall
all the Church has done 10 better the lot OF
the proletariat and shows that 1t Is capital
error TO believe that the Church lstor the lrlsh
alone and an enemy of the people. 1t Is also
an error TO believe that the rich and the
proletariat are condemned by nature 70 fight
duel without end. One has need of the other.
Capital is poweress without work. and work
without capital.
ABSTAIN FROM VIOLENCE.
The proletariar cannot and ought not TO in
lure capital or the masters who dispense II;
but in order to obtain respect for the rights
of labor they must abstain from violence
They should not have recourse to sedltlon, nor
listen 30 the chmerical promises OF the aglta-
tors. On the other hand. masters ought 70
respect the individuality and dignity OF man.
They should act as Christians toward their
wOrkmen, not treat them inhumanly or exploit
them beyond their strenth. Let masters re-
member that both divine and human law for
bids the drawing of profits from the misery OF
the poor Besides that, religion means neces-
sarv cooperation OF human means 10 attain
sacred purpose. The State ought to watch
over the well-being of society just as indiyld-
uas watch over the purity, morals ana lnte-
rior order of their families safe-kCfping reli-
giOn. Justice, moderation, and an equitable
division of public charges all Of which would
contribute largely 10 the amellOraton OF the
conditions of the proletarat. The larger
this general prosperity the less likely will
wOrkingmen be TO have recourse to excep-
tional means to better their conditions.
SAME RIGHTS AS THE RICH.
As citizens the proletariat have the same
rights as the rich and consequently have
right 10 the same interest, as being part OF
the State. The government should carefully
observe all obligations, distributing justice
impartially Absolute equality was however,
chimera. The social hierarchies were based
on natural principles. The State ought to see
that all covenants relating TO work
were conscientiOusly observed, and oppose
anything that might cause popular passions
to yield TO unhealthy excitement, provoking
troubles and violence. Small wages often
gave rise 10 strikes disastrous not only to the
workingman and their employers, but to the
general interests Of commerce and public
industry The Government ought 10 prevent
the explosion Of such a crisis Moral dignity,
which is equal among the poor and rich,
exacted repOse from work on certain days
The State ought 70 take care that workmen 90
not become the prey of spectators and
usurers. seeking TO abuse their weakness IN
order TO obtain excessive and dlshOnestproilts.
Mans work should not be carried so far as to
succumb under an excess OF corporeal fatigue.
PHYSICAL FORCES LIMITED.
The physical forces Of every man are limi-
ted Beyond that limit he is forbidden 20 60,
Therefore expediency was shown IN estab
fishing certain limitations on working hours,
and providing that they should be Interrupt
ted by period of repOse varying according 70
conditions of time and place the public
health and the nature of the work.
The question Of wages was partlcu-
larlv delicate one 10 treat with exact justice.
The salary agreed upon should be spald; at
the same time justice equally demanded tnat
the agreement entered into by the working
men ought TO be respected. The state should
see these reciprocal obligations executed. An
important element in the question was that
the workmen ought 10 be able with the wages
or salary 10 provide for himself and family
the necessities of life.
In all these questions it is essential that
State representatives should not intervene IN
consideratelv IL will suffice 10 reserve exam
nation of these points for the judgment OF
associations. In order to safeguard the inter
ests of both capital and labor the authority OF
the State ought 10 intervene only TO the ex-
tent that the general interests demand.
MULTIPLICITY or PROPERTIES.
II ia of great social advantage that the law
should favor multiphcityOf properties as the
best means of preventing opposition between
extreme riches and extreme poverty, but 1t Is
also necessary that property should not be
overtaxed. The State commits injustice in
undue exactOns from individuals. lnstltu-
tiOns for aiding and facilitating conc llahon
between the various social classes are espe-
ciallv useful in obtaining desirable results.
The Pope particularly mentions as worthy
of cOmmendatiOn associations for mutual sue
societies lOI lISuldutt dEtlAoN aNNiNNhtf
sickness and death and the protection OF emil
dren. and especially female children. to which
he attaches particular importance. The trades
mems associations and ancient corporations
SO useful in the past ought TO he adapted 10
present needs. Those associations would bet
Ter answer the ends intended II they Nere
composed OF both workmen and masters. In
that case they would develop usefulness
more and more.
orr
The encyclcal expatates on the advantages
of liberty and the right OF combination. When
such associations act in such way as TO JUS
tify suppression the State ought, in ehecting
such suppression, TO use precautions not 10
violate the rights of individuals and ought
not 10 advance the public utility as a pretext
for abandoning sound political principles:
Unhappily il often occurs that such assocla-
tions are used 10y wire-pullers as puppets Tor
exploiting poverty 1t is important IN such
cases 10 create counter associations IN order
to withdraw workingmen from such imposl-
tions.
The Pope greatly eulogizes those VINO are
endeayoring 10 better the condition OF the
proletariat and establish bonds of mutual
equity between workmen and masters 70