The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-05-01
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

has contracted for two fast steamersf
$4,000 tons each. Their speed is to beE
knots an hour, which will enable thSn |
to make the trip between QueenstoH
and New York in five days and eiAt
hours They will cost 81. 600, 900 apiee !
The wages of servant-girls in p
gland are much lower than in tie
United States. Hotel chamber-maIs
in the best houses receive about nineV
dollars a year, with a fortnight's vaca-
ton, while family servants have les
than this.
The disinfection of passenger cars
is receiving the serious attention of for
eign railway companies, and action ina
similar direction would not be amiss in
this country. Owing to the tenacityof
disease germs, it is wholly unknownas
to how much they arc disseminated by
our luxurious upholstered sleepers and
coaches.-Railway Age. ..e
Says a Philadelphia surgeon: ''Un-
less dog be suffering from hydro
phobia his bite is easily cured but the
bite of n cat at any time is a serious
matter and will cause death sooner
than wound inflicted by any other
animal. A cats claws also infiict
wounds which may result very SER
ously."
The Sugar Beet notes as one of the
guarantees for .the success of the sugar
beet plant at Grand Island, Neb., thSt.l
special arrangements have been made
with the three railroad lines passing
through that point 70 deliver beets from
the surrounding country at a nominal
cost of few cents per ton per one
hundred miles.
DR.. Armand Jeannoutot. young
physician of Paris, is the latest in the
field as a consumption cure discoverer.
His cure isby inhalation. His apparatus
consists of small. tubular brass boiler
connected with brass pan with lid.
When in operation from under the lid
escape vapors which spread about the
room, one of the parts of which is
prussic acid
-Germany has now fourteen separate
basic Bessemer steel establishments
with lirty-siX converters, with five
now building: Austria, three plants
with seven converters: Russia, one with
two cOnverters; Belgium, two estab-
liShments, four convcrters: France. five
works, comprising thirteen converters;
England. six plants, with twenty-five
converters; North America one plant,
two convertcrs The total yearly out
put will be l,19G,O 900 tons.
"A German statistician says that
there are 3,9S5 paper mills in the world,
aud thaf Of +ha 1 1f
paper turned out annually, half is used
for printing, 600, 000 600 pounds being
required for newspapers alone, the con-
sumption of which has risen by 200, 0O0,-
600 pounds in the last decade. lie al
leges that on an average an English
man uses annually liz pounds of
paper. an American 1014, Il German 8,
Frenchman ~. an Italian or an Aus
trian 81, Spaniard u, Russian &,
and Mexican 2.-Scientifc American.
"A large steel sailing vessel has re-
Gently been built in Norway among
whose fittings is a patent oil distributor,
by which oil can be thrown upon the
waves during severe storms. Within
the vessel there is an iron reservoir
from which a pipe extends alongside of
the vessel near the water line and as
close to the bow as possible. A valve
in the pipe close to the reservoir regu-
lates the distribution of the oil This
is probably the first case in which pro-
vision for throwing oil upon the waves
has been made from the first designing
and building of vessel.-Railway Re-
view.
Marcy, noted French Psychologist,
has for many years devoted considera
Bile attention to the flight Of birds.
Numerous instruments have been de-
signed and used by him to determine
the muscular power of the wings and
their form of motion, the deviation of
the body of the bird, and other similar
points. With the advent of instantane-
GUS photography he has succeeded in
obtaining full and complete views of
birds at exactly timed intervals of fight,
and in order to facilitate the conception,
relief figures in wax, and later in bronze,
were made, which gave complete rep
rescntation of the motions in flight.
Experiments have recently been
made at the department of aerial navi-
cation for military purposes at Calais,
France with the idea of ascertaining
the properties of aluminium when alloyed
with other metals in small proper.
TONS The results were remarkable
and of no little Importance, inasmuch
as it was demonstrated that the tensile
strength of aluminium was enor
mously increased by the addition
of copper. Taking the tensile
strength of pure aluminium as twelve
tons per square inch of section, the
strength of the alloys was found to be
as follows: Two per cent. copper, 1866
tons; per cent. copper, 1919 tons; 6 per
cent. copper, PAT tons; s per cent. cop.
per. 22.7 tons.
The total freight tonnage of the
Great Lakes last year, according to the
census returns, was 51,203, 106 tons.
That is to say, merchandise to that
amount was shipped and received. As
every ton hGEdled is counted twice, as
shipped and as received, the total
amount actually conveyed from one
point to anothev was about 25,600,000
tons. In 1889, according to the Federal