The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1891-05-16
LABOR AND CAPITAL.
Is the Subject of Pope LeO's
EncycIicsI Letter
DUTY OF CHURCH and STATE
Unions Commendcd.-.The Duties of
Employer and Employe..The Best
Methods for the Welfare of
All-synopsis of the letter.


AlI-synopsis of the Letter.
ROME, May l5.-FOllOwipgi is resume
Of the Pope's EncyclicGl on the labor
question:
After a short Introduction, in which
the importance aud difficulty of the
labor question ia referred to and the
imperative demand for its speedy solu.
tion noted, The Socialist position is
stated and cateiuily reviewed argument
atively, the conclusion being reached
that the solution implied in the aboli.
ton of private property, and the subati.
tuition OF common ownership Therefor,
ia delusive md untenable. The reason.
| ing of His Holiness does not differ
sufficiently from that employed BY the
recognized authorities on the anti
Socialistic side to merit special 'citation.
Ho has evidently studied the Subject
thoroughly and has consulted the lead.
ing writer's Of all countries.
His holiness then presents the alter
native solution held out by the church,
Its doctrines and teachings. He admits
that according 10 these teachings them.
selves various principles and elements
not strictly religious in essence must
contribute to the solution. First, how.
ever, and above all is the church, With.
out which all else is Intellectual. At
this point his holiness recalls the gospel
teaching in regard to the relations to
be observed among workmen toward
each other, and by workmen and en-.
ployers toward one another. He points
out the fact that all that is necessary for
the maintenance Of harmonious rela
tons between masters and men is the
carrying out Of the simple injurCtions
Of scripture.
CHRISTIAN SPIRIT NECESSARY.
The observance OF the Christian spirit
as insisted upon in the inspired writings
is the true solution. The fulallment Of
the mutual obligations Of justice, result.
ing in friendly and even brotherly
union between employer and employed,
is not only practicable, but in q worldly
sense beneficial to both interests. II is
the teaching Of Christ that oil men
must live together in unity as the mem.
bers OF one family. The church not only
keeps this teaching in mind, but ear.
nestly strives to bring il into actual prac-
tice, and does its utmost to give the
working classes all the moral and mate.
rial help which can be provided for their
advantage. The activity Of the church
10 charitable performances is dwelt upon
as one instance Of the practical carrying
out Of the Christian spirit Of mutual aid.
Christ is declared 10 be ever living in
the church.
The encyclical then broadly discusses
the province Of the State in the treat.
ment OF the labor question. 1t is laid
down that it is necessary for the State
IN do its part toward beUefitiDg the
workingmen. The treatment OF this
theme shows a leaning toward the
famous dictum OF Cardinal Manning
that the State stands in the position OF
guaranteeing 10 the citizen either
living or a chance to make a living.
There is also evidence that his holiness
ia in sympathy to marked degree with
the position taken by Cardinal Gibbons
in regard to the rights Of labor.
DUTIES OF THE STATE.
Descending to particulars, the docu-
ment maintains that the State not only
has the right, but is imposed with the
duty to interfere between part es when.
ever It's intervention becomes necessary
In order to carry out its functions OF
protecting the common rights OF all and
the equitable general welfare. In eluCi.
dating this point, the eHGyclical declares
that one OF the chief objections for which
the protective action OF the state is need.
ed is the protection Of private property,
the preservation OF public tranquility,
and the securing OF the advantage os
workmen, whether mental or physical.
The encyciiCal passes on TO the consid.
Grafton OF the various questions bearing
on the necessity OF Sabbath rest, recrea'
ton in the shape OF festivals, the utility
Of strikes, the proper adjustment OF
o. labor is considered, with reference TO
the nature Of the work, the age aud sex
OF the worker, and lastly, hut not least,
with relation to the effects ot longer or
shorter stints upon the welfare OF the
workers. The importance OF a proper
use Of leisure time Is dwelt upon, and
the greatest stress is laid upon the bene.
fts TO be derived from the establish
ment among the workingmen Of insti.
tutes, societies for mutual aid, funds for
the sucCnr OF those who meet with mis-
fortune or sickness, those disabled by
accident, etc. Various kinda Of patron
age in the interest Of charity are sHg-
gested, and the protection and welfare
Of children and youth is eUjoined.
BENEFIT PROM sYNDIo&TEs,
The field Of benefit offered by the pos
ability of syndicates, companies and,
above all, of corporations among the
workingmen, is treated Of, aud such CO.
operative effort Is spoken Of as pre- emf.
nentIy suited TO the altered conditions
OF these times. The State, while lesv.
ing due freedom 70 all, ought to favor
and encourage such developments and
sustain the associations 30 formed. A
good deal OF space is devoted 10 these
unions, upon which his holiness seems
to build great hopes Of good results.
Suggestions are made as to the best
method offorminG them, and the funda.
mental principles which oughtto govern
them are enunCiated. They should.
above all, be animated by the spirit oi
Christ. the spirit Of brotherly love aud
unity. Much good has already been
done by such organizations, and his
holiness urges the enlargement and ex.
pansion Of the principle as the most
hopeful step toward the uplifting OF the
laborer. The sncyclical concludes with
words 0i earnest exhortation TO all in.
teresled In the labor question to observe
the divine law as announced in the
scriptures, each determining to fulfill
readily and without delay the duty lying
upon him as employer oS "a workman.
Only slightly Wounded.
BERLIN, May l5.-Ths japanese en-
b@sy in this city has received advices
/ IL o..