The Portland daily press., 1891-10-28

| stnIS 80 AZ. SohSlueratiOn are the well, the
SINK and the Drivy. Convenience almost
always determines the position of wells as
against purity. Sanitary engineers give the
dantS snay os tb los distance equal to twice the
This Il an 1 Msr poll1tlon Is to be expected
many cases Of stratified rocks. dIffeTenca ~
soils. etc. The danger Of the sscona az
Oh pollution" Of wells from priyies IS
csnss mTrs ous is not 50 apparent be-
lt would be Inferred that night soil wouId
always make itself noticeable but such IA
not always the case. Another cause OF
coIntagion Is found In air contamination Of
refuse from sinks. The sinks should be-
tight with tight pipes and traps and should
leaq 70 either stream OF a closed pit, treated
with dry soil and removed whenever IL be-
came full. A tight cesspoOl is a safe method
~ Is constantly attended to. The teaching
cesspool Is entirely condemned, except in Its
primitive form.
The best method of all for dlsposIpe OF
Sink refuse Is the subsurface irrigation, OF
Two inch unglazed pipe dlscharging into a
| slgnl Tang, dischareing by si0hOn. Sur
lace discharges, the c0mmOnest method. il
the least to be recommended. IL is to be
| employed, at least sixty five square feet OF
soil should De allowed for each member Of
In the matter Of privles the dry earth
closet is the safest, the vault system next
| the vault II 1t Is attended to and freouentIv
cleaned. The ordinary hole In the ground Is
Il
Wells should be placed at as great n dis.
lance as possible from the houses ana all
sources Of contamination. Driven wells.
with iron tubes. are recommended as the
/ most safe In every way.
On motion Of DIR. Charles ID. Smith. a vote
OF thanks was extended 10 DR.. Meserve for
i his paper.
fhe afternoon session opened with diseus.
sion on the subject Of disinfection, dsscrib
| Ing the methods In use In New York at the
| public Quarantine station. He quoted DIR.
| Cyrus Edison, city physician of New YORK.
on the efficacy Of sulphur.
| DIR. Smith followed, stating that the ques-
tion for physicians. is 'how are we bes. to
use the disinfectant" To answer this quss.
| tion he devoted some time, describing his
own methods. The first step was TO calk up
all cracks In the room with cotton batting.
10 be effective sulphur vapor must be un-
mixed with air, and will act better in moist |
atmosphere. After setting the sulphur afre,
and escaping from 1t, the doors should re-
main sealed at least "a hours. After this It
Is opened and aired, and then thoroughly
scrubbed with a solution Of bl-chlora:e Of
mercury, followed by scrubbing with soap
and water. When this Is all done, the room
is free from all disease germs.
Professor +. .. Robinson OF Brunswick
| emphasized the need of having the air Of
room to be disinfected by sulphur, moist.
There must be water, or the effect OF the sul-
phur Is absolutely nothing.
Dr. Smith asked some health officer pres
done In the country towns 10 connection
with contagious diseases.
Mr. G. <. Allen Of Sanford replied, giving
an account Of case In his town In which
mouse was fumigated for diphtheria, and
since then there had been no trouble there.
Mr.. Allen asked why the attending physi- |
clans In cases Of contagious diseases should |
not be required to take precautionary meas |
ures. as they go from house to house.
DIR. Smith replied, describing the precau- /
tlons he took himself, and telling how others |
did. He thought 1t was an all important |
matter.
DR.. Horr closed the discussion saying that
nothing In connection with the care Of infee-
tious diseases should be more thoroughly
done than this dfslnfection. It should never
be left In the hands of incompetent persons.
He reviewed the sulphur process.
Discussion OF DR.. Meserve's paper fol-
lowed, Mr. Jordan opening He said that
the theory OF the cone Of pollution Of wells
was an old time notion that had come from
ancient philosophers and which had been re-
futed by modern sanitary engineers. He ad-
vocated the use OF storage tanks for sink re-
fuse, the tanks to be emptied for broad irri-
CATION over wide Iareas.
Prof. Robinson emphasized the point made
by DIR. Meserve that water that may be very
bad and yet may look and taste all right
MIR. dreen Of Surry, described sthe case Of |
his own house, which, when he took possess
ion, was in bad condition, the privy being /
only thirty feet from the well. He described |
the old arrangement, In which he uses air |
Stacked lime.
DIR. Meserve closed the discussion briefly.
He said he found the words concerning cone
| Of pollution which no used In one OF the
most modern works on sanitary engineering
| He took Issue with Mr.. Jordan on the matter
OF broad irrigation, saying that be should
not favor 1t except at great distances from
buildings.
The next paper on "School Hygiene" by |
DR., j. 0. Webster OF Augusta, fOllo we'd He /
said that In the past the state had been re- /
miss In It's duty toward providing means for
the proper care OF the health of tho pupils /
in the scoo0ls. DIR. Webster explained the
composition Of pure and impure air, and de-
scribed the use Of carbolic acid as an indica-
tion Of pollution In the air. He claimed that
the result Of long living in impure air gave |
rise to consumption. and then passed 10
discussion Of the methods of keeping air |
pure. He said that in dwelling houses fur
naces with ordinary hot air boxes were sufi.
cient, but for school houses, steam heating
apparatus and special i1lets for air are re-
qulrSd. Windows, II arranged so that en-
tering air will rise, will do much good. Air
dues should be provided with some heating
apparatus to establish an upward current.
There should also be cold air vavs In the
due Independent of the air in the room. Me.Ia,
chanical fans are the only things that CO ~.
be absolutely depended upon. ona
Passing to the subject of seats Dr. Websl for
prescribed the proper seat to be of the he' | Gle
OF the knee, the width Of the thigb 4 | nos
should support the spine to the lower Gcf ira
region. A desk should be at the heitbe cha
elbow Of the sitting child, The edge 80 | sue
desk should overlay the seat from NJ bee
two and one-half inches. In coscs ~ | dfa
Webster severely condemned the o. on tio
sitting immovaby. with eyes f;as f,r ter
o;s oo9k, ,in ana also oi standing In school sta
age should be six years. ,,o wa
On motion of DIR. +. E. Hitch65sssr 'o'0 be,
Oh thanks was extended TO Dr.egs snots He
Dr; Whit,ir Of BOwdoln ,&pSTtaneo & % Of
school gymnastics. He saidr1v 'de deec,sn, SSy tn
who come to college were uen0 s.. So
in physical strength aud t." " is = gain " sc,
months In me gymnasiuubs ~ nnhle Schools co
aiom ~ RroU oO c suIy per cent beaker had had VI
charge tthe chilcren, ,l,tSar 1 the e Swssdish be
gains de thought th 'isnet sue mSS omsS's ha of
or t1e German gymnSs nnblic schools He TT
sgSs,gst gessy ybst bsaopsd behind other states
ipthis matter and )ged It upon the conven- ~
ion to take actio1 toward further introduc- "
Prof.. & RobIpso G moved vote of thanks to in
DR.. James ASpalding read q paper on si'
the Proper Tghting OF School Rooms" DIR,
Spalding thogaas 'nds Nah ese' Get of ,iaeeers an
types for dsarmining the amount OF light w
necessary. windows on the south give more Ss
light and mGe heat. A little easterly Oh m
iOutl Il
,hance of lighting than from the north, the =
windows must be larger than otherwise. Inc "
-oOm should be flooded with light. The best =
-oom is one 20 feet Of glass to four or hve OF U
door space. Windows should be flush win
tne eassssas. ..n The windows may be built
from the ceiling II necessary, but should not
come nearer than three f@at from the floor. |
Where windows are too tow-~hadovus are | !
likely to be thrown, which are very bad. n =
the school house Is only one story high the
whole left side had best be one large window.
A room more than q feet wide should not
have all of its light admitted from the left |
side. In this case the windows on the right
side should be smaller. A glass roof would
be the ideal, but owing to great many CIR
cnmstances this cannot be done. In conclu-
sioy DIR. Spalding said that short sighted
children should be favored in the matter of
seat, In the school rooms. Eye glasses
should be worn by such children in school.
Iu response to a question DR.. Spaldtng |
said that gray walls with blush tinge are
most preferable.
Mr.. George G. Burgess read the next
paper, "rhe Practical Working Of the
Ppresent State Sanitary Law" Mr. Burgess /
confined his remarks TO the results OF the /
Law In this city and described the growth /
and work of the Board In this city, all OF |