Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1891-12-17
FARMERS MEETING.
Topics Discussed by the State Board of
Agriculture Mt Troy.

man OF the agriculture. meeting at Troy and
said he was proud to welcome the board to
that section of the county. 1t was profita-
BILE to meet and converse with men who
have made agriculture study.
Prof. Cooke in speaking of milk said he
wanted to make this as much social sub
ject as possible. Whole milk contains the
milk sugar, caseino and fat. Rich and poor
milk contain about the same amount of
milk sugar and there is moro in ordinary
milk than any other ingredient. There is
very little variation of this substance in the
different grades of milk. The acid in milk
comes from the whey and skim milk loses
about one half of the milk sugar. Caseine
varies from 81 to Al per cent on richness
and these variations affect the cheese value
of milk but non the butter value. If there
was no caseine in milk there would be 10 eff
feet produced by adding the renut. Casene
in coagulation catches and holds the fat If
stirred too soon after renuit is added you will
lose much of the fat. If milk contains too
much fat caseine will not hold it ALL June
milk, which contains 81 per cent casene
will hold the same amount of fat. Such
milk is properly proportional for cheese
making and will make cheese such as the
market demands.
Milk increases in ceseine as the season ad-
vances, caseine does not increase as fast as
fat. Milk late in the fall and in winter, is
worth more for making butter than cheese.
Factories should make cheese in summer
and butter in winter. The variation in fat
is more than any other ingredient. Two
and eight teuths fat is the poorest milk
we have ever examined. Some herds
in the State give one pound of but
ter for 10 pounds of mlk-one cow at
ha Of Mt ma Of I'm
II pounds OF milk, and instances are known
where they do even better than that. Some
breeds average to give richer milk than
others, for example the Jerseys and Guern-
seys.
Question by Mr. s. Paye.-" Don't feed
influence the fat in milk -
Prof. Cooke Indirectly it will; will ex
plain later. The Ayrshires, Holsteins and
Durhams are recognized rs milk breeds and
have less fat in the milk. The Devons and
Red Polled stand between the two other
extremes. This applies to families of cattle
and not to individual animals. Individual
animals differ far more widely than breeds
of family. Holsteins differ more than other
breeds. There are three elements that act
on the quality of the milk: those are ''seiect-
ion, feed and care. Some breeders of Hol-
stems have brought up their herds almost
equal to any Jersey. In some tests of the
heavy milking breeds it takes from % to 80
pounds of milk to make pound Of butter;
in other herds it takes from IA to l6. This
herd doubled the richness of it milk in les,
than 100 years There has been much mi.uu
derstsnding in regard TO influence of feed on
milk. Feeding COWS on green barley, good hay
with eight quarts of bran per day is sufficient
feed for a COW and we'll balanced ration.
No,r aha, hi. 10 L
meal, oats, gluten, etc, and the chances are
out Of 10 you will not change the value
of milk particle. Cows fed on straw
changed to good fodder will give milk, but
no one can tell whether it will be richer or
not. Change from one good fodder to an
other will not change tine quality of the
milk. Palm nut meal is the only feed known
that will have n direct influence on the
quality of the milk Generally speaking
the small cows give the richer milk and the
| largest the greater flow.
FARMING IN VERMONT
At the afternoon session Mr.. Chaplin spoke
on EARNING in Vermont" | want to say
few words about what has driven people
from Vermont. The papers say farmer.
are happy, we have SO large crops If thi.
is so we had better take advantage OF il
and stop some OF the leaks that have beeL
| made when we were not so prosperous. We
are commanded and we do get our living
by the sweat of our brow, buJ the troubl,
is too many other people get their living by
the sweat of our brows. Farming pays al
income of about / ] per cent on the capita
invested; manufacturers pay four per cent
and banking from 10 to 30 per cent. Now
tho laws should be changed so our take.
could be equaizod, where the banker pay.
| 70 cents tax the farmer pays $l.3O. Idc
not know why railroads should pay 7-1O OF
] per cent, or on their income as thay
| may elect while the farmer pays as as
sessed by three men, while the railroad has
| only one to assess them. We need different
methods in working our roads. We waste
money on the roads. This old fashioned
method of fixing the roads is shiftess one
| Good roads are one of the need:
of our farmers Another waste still greater
than roads is our common schools We pay
| Si2C, 600 per year for tuition and there ha
been more than half million each biennia
session for the Inst decade. Our smalle,
schools should he abolished and larger
schools are much more profitable thar
smaller ones. There are 500 schools in th,
| State with only about five scholars each
| Boys leave the farm more for tho reasons
| that farmers are not recognized as much a
people in other occupations They get al
! idea that they cannot be anybody if they
are farmers, and 1t is time for us to wax
up and educate ourselves and our children
| Natural science should be introduced int
our schools. Plant growth should be laugh
and made familiar to our children. Ou
sons should visit the Legislature and court
and conventions. Science of governmen
should also be made more familiar to al
young people.
Mr.. Stevens of Troy thought one Of thu
most important problems for farmers to dis
cuss was the marketing of farm produce
! lacks system. | will not undertake to in
struct people in regard to it, but it is al
wrong.
Mr.. Chaplin said selling was as importan
as raising. We need to get as near the con
sumner as possible and put our produce in a
attractive form as possible. Maple suga
and dairy produce especially should be mad
to look attractive, and our most successful
farmers in these specialties make them at
tractivs.
Mr.. Stevens said there were good dar
men in the county who send to commission
md ha IT