The sun., 1891-01-11
clYoLIrE on THE WEARY.

Esktnoe call cryollte the lce-tnat-neVeF.
malta, while the nams oryolits Is from Greek
words meaning ice.stone. II any one should
hsppsn 70 dnd deposit OF white rock any
where and imagine that 1t was cryolite. .
niece Of the rock should bs soaked In clean
vstsr Hit then has the appearance OF wet.
opsaue ios, tho next thing TO do is TO try to cut
II with knife II 1t cannot be out 1t is proba-
BIZ quartz. II 1t can be shaved down into q
powder very easily 1t may be cryolite and
samples should be sent to an expert. But not
oil cryolits Is white. Some OF 1t Is light brown
and some very dark. This 10 usually due to
vegetable matter that has soaked into 1t. or 1t
NAY b. due to iron. II niece Of the dark stun
b. heated very hot-say by putting 1t on top Of
shot stove-it will Wilton. the vegetable mat
ter being driven of Another way to deter
mine the character OF q supposed piece Of cry.
euu b to analyse It. II the rock be nuoride OF
sodium and aluminium It is cryolite. That is,
It consists Of three chemical equivalents Of
sodium, two Of aluminium. and six Of fuorine.
Il has hardness OF as a specific gravity Of 8,
snd II cssves In three directions.
In 1905 German named Gisseoke. thinking
thst valuable minerals might be found In
Greenland. applied to the Danish Government
tps psrmjakon to 70 there and prospect the
mountains He searched the coast from Cape
yszsveil up. living with tho Danish Governors
q ths Eskimos. q circumstances dictated.
VStl hs reached Arsuk Fiord. Here he foil in
With an iptellieent Eskimo who had boon taken
u NDenmark. educated, placed In Governments
employ, and finally discharged and sent back
10 Greenland for disrespeot to his superiors.
That man told Giesecke about deposit OF ico
that never melted on tho edge OF Arsuk Fiord.
twas powdered and used BY the natives in
tanning skinA II aotsd on Q greasy hide as
soap would act Gissecke went to see the de-
posit 1t cropped out on the south side OF the
ford at the waters edge. The prospector
gathered abundant samples. for 1t was an on
tissly new substance. The NEXT year. with his
Asw.found rock and . lot OF other speci.
mems from Greenland mountalns, he
sailed for home. Unfortunately for him
Denmark was then opposed to England In the
WR that was stirring up the world. and the
Danish ship was captured By British n-of-
war carried to London. ana sold as . good
prize. The cryoMte went to British institu-
ton, where II was analyzed and Its constituents
were determined. It received Q name which.
tor many ysars. students Of chemistry COM
mitted to memory, and then forgot because IL
was not Of any other value In the world than ~
curious compound Of certain elements Then
. distinguished chemist named Thomson
discovered that q substance very useful to
mankind-sA soda. also biearbonsts OF soda
could be made cheaply from cryolte. and
not only wers these substances very cheap
but they were FREQ from sll impurities That
discovery led to attempts to work tho deposit.
As early as 1852 little work was done IN the
qusrry but regular work was not begun until
1850. No money was made out OF the quarry
olk
since 1860. previous to the year 1864 some
hundreds OF thousands OF dollars wore sunk
In attempts to develop the cryolite industry.
Until 1864 tho entire product OF the mine
went 70 Europe. Then an American firm. the
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company OF
Natrons and Philadelphia. Pa. Of which Mr..
Theo. Armstrong Is President. began to import
1t. This company was originally organized to
make soda ash from the salt obtained from
saltwater wells at Nstrons, twenty -four
m'les from Pittsburgh. 1t Is said that
ewing to competition with other con-
cerns which had more cheRply worked de-.
posits OF salt the profits had been reduced to
81 unsatisfactory limit when at about the
es" mentioned the scientific directors Of the
oo"pany osgan to consider the advisability O
importing eryolits. One Of their directors there
SpVn "ss sent to Denmark, where he had
ounasnt opportunity to examine aud test the
At'onsn' as 1t 10 there called. The tests proved
e3nsctory that q contract was made by
"n'oa Inc pennsylvania company was to have
.owe thousands OF tons per annum. and in any
wont tWo'thirds OF all the product OF the
nlaa The contract was for twenty years,
VIM inc option Of extension. Tho option vss
lsxen at the end OF the frst period.
ine dimculty Was to get the cryollte fro m
.Hnut 70 Nstrons. Whom representative of
sns company called on . Philsdelphla ship
sIoxer 10 SEQ about ohartering vessels for th
putoose the broker thought some of his fun.
n"ns associates had sent the man to him A A
!0ke when convinced that vessels were really
saatsa 70 60 to Greenland. he advised the
~mpAay to apply to St Johns IN. FL whaling
,a.pownsr' ~, and Tor ayear or two whalers, chief
n,. uvm oootisno wore employed. Capt Adam
~ s@,@ a MADE his nrst voyage to Ivistut on ono
Msss vessela He has completed thirty.two
'o,sses 70 the Greenland seas. In 1865 sey-
au american and Nova scotian vessels were
susteeted st Tor the trade, but after q few years
a'a the American vessels abandoned tbs
as' and II was again Transferred to tba
Dannn And Scotch ships. The trade had mnnv
.s,ses. ~. as the vessels were old. and neither
-. usaish nor Scotch shipowners were dis.
bv,S, v 70 lniuse new blood into 1t In the way of
suitable vessels for such navigation.
=, ~ lus Capt c. B. Dix became the partner
sbls lss Sn1,,lcK l. McKay Having had consider.
tunss. wore desirous Of trying thsir u1fos. fos..
xSss tina' ia''o 3, In ,assi that 10y land They knew
EsSaisssla,LD.e Esafiss, 70 Il. fsnhssIsanla ssiy
ss'ss' siS''s: Ss:ss: shs you!a e.ssy 81
the 1rst ~ ths barSs Ivigtut and Natrons.
squippn.. os SsS X. bsstoEed IN the building and
sm,,fs q m the then soeSslSn cap
Ns drt t!.n now Of the Argsnta was one OF
MssslssI MslIsISS AZ ncRsy Dix have built twelve WE'VE
snAsi nAiusHpa sIpsacIF Flp9TiHe: Silica iodine, sodiu@.
nsnsIsScss,niss we cs,isd The chemical Meet Under S the
ETslons ar. % from phis oon nrm ,hs so annual I'm.
Men uetiG5gSss tGfgoss, we're delivered at oaebec and nd
ou.a II and THE rIhsnss 81 rai to the Tsnai woris at
hOEAVaF fnr ~