The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1891-05-20

ment which the authorities have devised:
Every man visiting an inn or station
almshouse' when he has paid cents (every-
thing is cheap in Germany done cents
worth of labor, IS provided with a travelling
certificate (WanderscheinD containing 100
coupons or blank squares. When he reaches
his next resting place he must produce this
and show the place and date of his last lodging
stamped thereon, without which he cannot,
usually, gain admission. To prevent him from
idling or begging on his way, he is REQUIRED to
apply for admission before an hour hxed-tOr
in every one of these lodging houses men are
required to set forth in the morning at a fixed
hour. Every man who cannot pay for his
lodging must spend nine hours in travelling
between stations or in working at one, TO pay
for his food aud lodging Thus you see that
tramping in Germany, like everything else
there. has its laws and regulations. Now
IL often happens that neither the private
inn the public station almshouse
can find work at fair wages for all their visi-
tors, and il is to meet this want, well to
have an establishment of a more permanent
character that Pastor Bodelschwingh ten
years ago devised, and nine years ago set up
the first labor colony seven miles outside the
town OF Bi~lefeld, where he lived. he pur-
chased farm house and some acres of wild
lands m ething like the igian campine-ln
retired place, but not Tar from two churches,
protestant and catholic, and to pay for it he
secured loan, without interest from the pro-
vincial authorities of $4,000. Eight years
after lin 1881 he had so en arged his original
purchase that he had thousand acres, which,
with the buildings, had cost him $780,
co., lie had previously established
training school at Bieleleld for deacOns aud
deaconesses; and at the head OF his colony
he placed deacon of his own training who
had studied agriculture and was a practical
farmer. de then gave out word far and wide
that food. board and moderate pay would be
given to any man who would work under his
regulations. These were that each oOlonist
must remain three or four months, and may
stay two years; during the first fortnight
man is supposed to be learning his work; after
that time he is credited with cents day. but
receives cash. There is country store on
the estate where each workman can buy what
he likes as long as his book shows credit due
him, and when he goes away the balance re-
naming is paid over TO him."
The cost of living is less than 81 a week.
Permanent situations are obtained in these Ia
Dor colonies for about fifteen per cent. of the
inmates, and only about one in twenty turns
out to be an incorrigible vagiant.
Mr.. Sanborn described the Scotch and Bel
GUM system Of caring for the poor insane aud
explained the workings OF the Belgian colony
at Gheel where patients have family care.
There are only seventy-hve in a central hospital
The cost OF maintaining the insane at Gheel
is less than Sl.6J a week. In Scotland the in
sane are scattered over the kingdom in families
instead of concentrating them in one place.
Inc ObcTc PIC I plOuS lOuuuatlOnb OF
Italy, declare by their name that they are re-
| ligious institutions, and, such, they have
| generally been administered by priests. as were
: the corresponding foundations in France be-
fore the revolution OF 1889, and those Of
| England before the reformation. They are
quite various in their character: the Official in.
quests Of the Italian government, recently
/ made public, having arranged them in thirty
| three classes. According to this report. the
substance OF which was given in the French
| Journal des EcoHoBiistes in October, 1889, these
charities number 81 $40, beside 1880 banking
institutions (pavn brokers. iosn.funds, etc }
which have or did have a charitable character.
The property of these 21,s19 various charities
was reported as worth 1,7Sl,000.0O0 lire or
| S350,OOG,OOO. but better estimate
| is $500 600 600; and their yearly income, in
GLIDING collections and gifts, reaches the great
sum oil 100000 lire, or almost S20,000000
| Many OF them have religious rather than a
| Distinctly charitable character; but the great
! majority either maintain hospitals. intTmaries,
aims houses, orphan asylums, ETC.. or else dis
| tribute food, money clothing, etc, to the poor
of the city or town where they are, or aid wild
ows and Appended children in that locality.
! Many are educational in their SCOPE and their
education means always close attention to
the doctrines and practice of the Roman church.
| Few persons, even IN Italy, were aware of the
axtent and Importance of these semi
religious charities until the OIL
cial investigation disclosed II.
The bill recognizing these charities was
passed by the Italian chamber OF deputies
| Dec. 10, 1889, and reported to the senate by
Crispi Dec. %, and finally passed May 7. 1890.
/ in the senate; but with considerable modihca-
ton. against which Crispi protested.
! Those ancient Italian charities have been,
| from time immemorial, in the hands OF the
| catholic church. They have grown up during
| the past twelve or fifteen centuries, and some
| OF them may even date back to the time of
! Constantine, before the Latin and Greek
churches separated, and they have accumu-
| lated, in the course OF centuries, vast prop
erty. In his speech of May 2. 1890 Crispi said
"The opere of charity in Italy altogether con-
troll property of $500 000,e GOO; their yearly in
come is SIS, 100000, and might be $40 CO., 0C0 ii
! there was better management. Their ex-
pensee, apart from the charity they distribute,
are, in gross: Three million dollars for taxes,
81 $4,000 Tor charges on property, and SO 400,
! co.. for expenses of administration, leaving
only $10000,0 900 out of $1S,OO0,0O0, to be ex-
pended Tor charitable uses. But OF the whole
| q, S13 institutions less than seven thousand
have property enough for their needs; the
yearly income of 10, 600 opere pie Is less than
500 EACH and only 1900 have an income of
! between 500 and $500 year."
In this calculation all eudowments are reck-
! oned whether their object be educational, re-
ligious or elemosynary. But the strictly char
! liable institutions are S,215 in number, with q
property OF lS0000000 lire (S36, 000,000l, aud an
income of S2,000.0O0. Considering that Italy
| now has nearly quite 100000 people this
charitable fund does not seem very large, and,
' in fact, it is always supplemented more or less
4 by money raised among the people In the form
| of taxes. Rome, for example, with charitable
| funds OF more than Sl,0O0.000 net income. and
| with little more than four hundred thousand
! inhabitants, raised by taxation in 1889 more
! than $500 0O0 which went to increase the fund
for relieving the poor
In some of these establishments the cost of
administering the charity was more than a
! third part of the whole income; aud, in gen.
eral, there was complaint that the priests man
| aged il either for their comfort or for
political purposes. / was told in Palerm, for
example, that of the great funds which come
| into the hands of the clerical managers OF
these charities, only small part goes to the
| poor, the rest being used politically. and. was
intimated, against the existing government of
Italy.
6ignor Crispi. who is an old Garibaldan and
not a very ardent friend of the church, made
! up his mind to turn out these clerical man.
ayers and leave the control of the charities to
! "a board in each municipality, from which par
! ish priests are excluded by one section of the
law. His reasoning on this point TO the Ital.
ian senate. which voted with him. was as fol-
! lows last May:
Granting that the priest is good man and
a friend Of the poor, he is still subject to the
can suspend him, and whom he has sworn to
0bey. But there are not two coordinate pow.
| ers in Italy each entitled to obedience; and in
the distribution of charity, in other civil
matters, the government must be supreme.
- II IL IL a