davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-06-27
DURHAM FERTILIZER COMPANY
Charges AGAINST 1t by The State A6rlcnl-
tural Department.
STATEMENTS THOROUGHLY DISPROYED.
what President Morgan says-The Company
Fully Endorsed by the North
Carolina Alliance.

Ra1r1on. n. G.. June 26-lspecial. l-ior
two weeks past much las been heard all over
the State. and especially in Alliance circles
with regard to the Durham Fertilizer Com
pany. the largest guano establishment II
North Carolina. and which has branch es-
adjustment almost equally as large 10 hicA-
mond. on account OF troubles that company
has had with the State Agricultural Depart
ment For two or three days past Dir. >. /.
MORGAN president OF the company. has been
i'm kate. Oh in conference with the oulceFs Oh
the departlnent and engaged IN coheC'iHs
,ronf - show that great injustice has been
done the company Ivy the newspaper Iep'I'9
which have been circulated concerning IL ahg
that the accusations which have been natcneo
up against 10 are OF mo5J lIF4'i "Au 4l47Ib-
niicant character.
ENDORSED By THE ALLIANCE.
This company has now and has for some
time had the official ind0rsementof the Farm
crs' Alliance # the State, and has large COM
tracts % furnish their trade. and the persecu-
tions to which the company bias been suolecied
are the result of the Jealousy OF other com
panies who have been the instruments oi Try
inc % bring the Durham Fertilizer Company
10 grief in order that 10 might lose the Dusl-
ness it derived from the Alliance, which would
then be divided among other companies
FAcTs oF TIE CASE.
The facts are that although this company
has been the victim OF series OF unfortunate
circumstances which have made 10 appear IN
Il bad light. their dealine nave been positively
shown TO he fair and honest The men VINO
compose the company are known from one
end of North Carolina 10 the other Tor thelr
integrity. their irreproachable character ana
their financial prominence and sohdity. Ihey
are such men AZ Julian =. Carr Of durham, -
+. Tomlnson of Durham aud other gentle
men Of equally as high standing.
THE COMPANY not RESPONSIBLE.
Tn reference TO this subject the News and
Observer Of this city. commenting upon tie
case. SAYS in It's issue Of this morning
The Durham Fertilizer Company has
lately been brought unpleasautly before the
public, and has been placed IN very unenNl-
able attitude. For ourselves, while printing
the news we have not thrown any stone, az
this company, not because It Was
home concern. but because from
tho high standing of the gentlemen
connected with il we have not deemed 1t aC
all likely that any improper conduct was ln-
tended The business men interested ia That
company would not tolerate on the part of
any Of It's agents any improper conduct. Ms
takes however, are made by all men. and
allowing any bag, 20 leave their possession
without the necessary taX-pald tag was ms
take which we do not doubt the officers OF the
ture TO say that whoever was responsible iCr
such an error in judgment Will not commit
the same fault hereafter
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-06-27


Nos H. % and 35 make no stops Nos o and
- stop on signal az Manchester, Centralia and
Chester. Nu,. 80 AMI 4 stoD un si-nal Man
cu--frr. lr.vrY4. lcutralIa suI Chester No e
stops on signal 40 Manchester only for passen-
gers purchasing tickets 10 regular stopping
places for this train south Of Peters aUrg. Nos.
-, 35 81 p iN g. 43. So anu 80 Will stop Oh SIX
--' 4'' 'FrLI5AN CAR SERVICE
On Trains nos IL and y sleeping cars between
New York and Tampa Fla. lyia JacAsonvlllel.
On Trains Nos ID and q slcepins-car5 between
New York and 1harlesron. On Trains Nos. e
and = sleepus-caf. between New } ork and
jacksonville. on Trains Nos. ~ ami - sleeping
cars between llchmonl and lynchDurg, Va.
lhE ONLl ALL-hAlL LINE TO NOhtOLk-
Richmond.. .e.o)A. 81 Norfolk. NJ
Iicnmonl..' $50 7. 81 Norfolk. s:g0 J.. VI.
Norfolk. 's.8j 4. ~ Richmond ..ll .i5 A. NJ.
Norfolk. 400 p. 81 Richmond. 6.3s Z. NJ
Tho trains leaving klchTl0nd az 9.0l 4. 81 and
Norfolk at 400 J.. ~ Ms solid trains between
these two points, and passengers 10 through
without change ~ cars. Close connections are
also made at Petersburg by tho S: p. W. train
from Richmond and the s:3j A. NJ train from
NIrain. leaving Richmond atri0a5 A. " and
1890 j. NJ. and arriving az Richmond 40 1:ft
A. NJ and l:iO j. NJ. MAKO close connection 40
Petersburg 90 and from farmWlle, Lynchbarg
anu southwestern points. .,.,r,,
Superintendent
IT. D. MiEEs.
General Superintendent
L,ARMyILLE AND POWHArAN RAILROAD
\ tDlfA General Office, NO. 1l3 east Main
street Schedule la effect VI tl Do 1891
LEAVE RICHMOND:
SIS i. NJ, VIA Atlantic Coast Liue FOR Ber-
muda.
e.l5 A. NJ, Via Atlantic Coast Line for Winter.
peck and intermediate stations
800 i. NJ Via Richmond and IausIIe railroad
for tamyllle and all stations west
Of MOsely Junction.
ARRIVE At RICHMOND.
$50 A. D., via Atlantic Coast Line from Ber
mu1a.
6;es +. VI, Via Atlantic Coast Limo from WIN
terpOck ana intermediate stations
4;lO i. ", VIA Richmond and DanWAe from
Mluterp0ck, larmylA0 and inter,
mediate stations.
e:45A NJ Via Richmond and Danyiile Railroad
from Farmylle and iutcrmsilats
stations 10 MOsey Junction
All trains daily except sunday.
FOR tickets baggage checks, timetables 6c
call upon A. rs. OAkBLk the Atlantic Cosst
Line and Richmond and Danvllle dspots.
". G. LAUGilON.
General Freight an Passenger Agent
JANIS H. hEhrH General Manager ag29-y
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-06-27

D0N'l BUY A HOME
UNTIL YOU SEE
RIVER VIEW.
UNTIL YOU SEE

Positively the Highest. Hoaith.c.t Hand
soonest Location near Richmond Both Houses
and Lots Sold on Instalment Plan TO desirable
parties Street car communication with all
parts Of tho city
R. B. CHAFIN & CO., Agents.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-06-27

A very nicely-located FARM Of on acres in
Goochland county. two mle7 from railroad
IT, in, "a thck.y-sett.et ne'Fh 2rho9t e-2,..o5
state
slightly rolling and the soil i- adapted 20 tho
D. discovered on the farm. the improvements
tanning eight rooms besides ball AMI closets
ui.ulIHlii-s con-. AL tl,,o
Ge.ce. ONT Kitchen. Quarter. &c.. Good Garden.
Orchard with Apples, reaches, lcai5' cherries
Qunce- dc.
hn3I- 'l5atoroj br s,.rln, lran.he.. AMI
good ,,t,I at pure soft water iu yard This farm
being in -uch healthy location eni SD conFe-
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-06-27

DAILY EXCEPT sUNDA'
LEAVE RICHMOND:

THE FAvORITE ROUTE TO BALTIMORE
PHILADELPHIA AND NEW 1ORA
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-06-27

= I y N7IN7- U0H'T0I 0l-0TU-0IIINT
4 TLANIIc COAST LINE
RICHMOND AND PETERSBURG RAILROAD
IIML TABLE
Commencing SUNDAY. NAY 2t fs0i. st "a
H.. trains ON this road viii run as follows:
TRAINS OUTWARD
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

school, $50 A. NJ: preaching. 1916 A. M. and
7;45 P. M, by the pastor, Rev. w. T. Cross. All
are cordially invited.
Second P. M. Church, Patterson street,
Southside, Rev. H. ]. Buckingham, pastor
Services at l0:30 A. M. and P. n Morning sub.
ject, "The Prodigaps Brother a Funny Man."
The evening service will be devoted to the
Home Missionary cause and the reception OF
members.
Mt Washington M. P. new Church, corner
Virginia avenue and Bigham street, ). r.
Crowther pastor-Preaching at 1880 A. NJ. and
7:S0 P. NJ; Sunday School at 2:l5. and Young
Peoples meeting at P. NJ. Morning, "Recon-
cliation Followed by Communion;" evening,
Danger of Indecision."
-Sixth United Presbyterian Church. Collins
avenue. East End, Rev. r. NJ. Russell, pastor
Services ii A. n. Morning sermon can Old
Method Of Gods Appointment Needed for the
Work of New Times" NJ evening service;
union with the dedicatory services of the
Shadyside United Presbyterian Church.
Second Presbyterian Church. corner of
Penn avenue and Seventh street. Rev. ]. r.
Sutherland, DID,. pastor-Seryices at 1880 A.
M. and 7:l5 P. NJ. Subject in the morning. "A
Cure for Discouragement," by the Rev. DR..
Lee. of Minneapolis. In the evening, Can a
Man Die Before HIS Timer" by the pastor.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25
Allegheny Churches.

The Riverside n. E.. Church. Kerr street.
Services at l0:45 A. M. and 7:30 P. NJ, conducted
by George wv. Willis, evangelist.
Arch Street NJ. E. Church. Rev. ". f.
Conner pastor-lO:3O A. NJ, "Worship;" 7:S0
P. NJ. AN Enemy's Estimate of Jesus Christ"
Mcclure Avenue Presbyterian Church.
Rev. S. J. Glass. .pastor-Morning theme:"Pleas-
ing God;' evening, THE Law of Gods Govern
ment."
North Avenue NJ. E. Church. Rev. ]. T.
Satchell. pastor-Services morning and even
ing. EvenIng topic: THE Use of Life's Mon
otony."
The Sandusky Street Baptist Church, B. f.
Woodburn, pastor-l0:30 A. NJ, "The Religious
Outlook:" 7;3O p. M, Cause and Cure of
Dependence"
Robinson streets. Rev. R. S. Laws. D. D.. pas
tor-Preaching at 1890 A. NJ. by Rev. Z. H. Par
ker and at P. M. by P. Robinson.
Providence Presbyterian Church. Liberty,
near Chestnut street. Rev. w. A; Kiater,
pastor-Services at 1890 A. NJ. and 7:45 P. NJ.
Young peoples meeting at 7:lO p. NJ.
Nixon Street Baptist Church, between Char.
tiers and Manhattan, j. s. Hutson. pastor
Morning at 1890 o'clock, "Honoring Cod"
evening at 7:i5 o'clock, Perseverance"
-Buena Vista Street NJ. E. Church, Rev. J. n.
Miller, PASTORAL 1890 A. M, Personal Eff
fort;" at 1880 P. NJ. "Fatherhood of God, Broth
erhood of Man." Sabbath School at 2P. NJ.
Second Congregational Church. corner
North and Grant avenues, Rev. William Nc
Cracken. pastor-Morning. "The Cloud of
Witnesses" evening, "The Song of Moses and
the Lamb"
Trinity Lutheran Church, corner of Stock
ton avenue and Arch street. Rev. A. s. Fich-
thorn, pastor-Morning service at 1l:3O A. NJ,
theme: THE Saving Vision;' evening service
at 7:45, theme: THE Heavenly Rest"
First Christian Church, w. F. Richardson.
pastor-Morning sermon, Seeking the Things
Above;" evening sermon, THE Greatest Ques-
tion III the World" Sunday school at A. NJ.
Christian endeavor prayer meeting at $50 P. NJ.
Central Presbyterian Church, corner An
derson and Lacock streets Rev. s. b. McCor-
mick. pastor-Subject, 1OA5 A. NJ. BREAD
Enough and to Spare" Rev. ]. G. Sharpe will
preach at 7:SO p. M. Subject, Gods Mercy as
Exhibited in the Incarnation"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25
PULPITS AND PEWS.
The Coming Trial Of DR.. Briggs at
Detroit Promises to. Be the
RELIGIOUS EVENT OF THE YEAR.
Some Of the Topics That Will Be Discussed
Sunday in
PITTSBURG AND ALLEGHENY PULPfTS

The coming meeting of the Presbyterian
General Assembly at Detroit in May
promises to be one of great interest. DR..
Brig gs, ofthe Union Theological Seminary,
of New York, will then and there be over
hauled for his inaugural address OF January
last, in which very liberal views were an.
nounced concerning the inspiration OF the
Scriptures. More than a half century ago
Albert Barnes was arraigned as a hereto In
the same denomination, because of hetero-
dox views on the extent OF .the atonenent
and Imputation. That trial resulted in
the division of Presbyterianism into
old and new school, which, after
80 years of separation came together again.
The questions now at issue are altogether diff
ferent from those which agitatkd our fathers
DR.. Briggs has been Endorsed by his own Pres
bytery, and will represent that body at the De-
troit meeting of the General Assembly. The
decision of that body as to his fitness to occupy
theological chair in one of the leading semi
naries of the land will have verJ important
bearing on the future of Presbyteranlsn. The
religious world Will await with keen interest
the action of the Detroit Assembly.
Primary S. s. Teachers Union will meet at
Second Presbyterian Church, Penn avenue and
Seventh street. to-day at l2:i5 to study the
lesson tor tomorrow. j. d. Carlisle will con-
duct the meeting.
The Young Peoples Societies of Christian
Endeavor of the East End will hold union
entertainment and social in the Shadyslde
Presbyterian Church, ANDERSON avenue and
Westminster street. on Tuesday evening, April
Is, at 7:I5 o'clock. A cordial invitation is ex-
tended to all. Adm ission free.
Rev. ]. Z. Pershing, d. D., will conduct
services in the Epworth NJ. E. Church. New
castle, morning and evening on Sunday, April
&c
The Young Peoples societies of the various
churches of Canonsburg have formed a union
to maintain young mems free reading room.
The object is to reach a class of young men who
otherwise would not have the advantages OF
good reading matter.
The ministerial alliance will hold its
monthly meeting in the Y. NJ. c. A. chapel
Monday at 1890 A. NJ. Rev. ]. w. Riddle will
read a paper the topic: street Preaching
During the Summer Season. Is There Demand
for 1t in These CItieS?"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

SPECIAL departments for women and
young people in THE DISPATCH every
Sunday. Those for tomorrow are especially
attractive. Twenty-four pages; 1872 COL
umns.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

MUSICAL, Theatrical, Sporting, Society,
Grand Army, Secret Society, Military and
Educational Departments in to- morrow's
ammoth 24-page DISPATCH.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

HERE'S an offer such as we can't afford to
make very often. To-day we will sell you
crush hats, in all the new shades, at 45
cents, worth 80 cents. GUSKY's.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

''BRowS'S BRONCHIAL TRoCHEs', are widely
known admirable remedy for bronchitis,
hOarseness, coughs and throat troubles. Sold
only in boxes,
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25
Twenty Years of Suffering,

Twenty Years of Suffering,
During Which Time Numerous Physicians
Were Consulted, But Without Await, TIL
DR.. Byers' Services Were Sought, Prompt
and Permanent Relief the Result
"Can you realize what it is to suffer for 20
long weary years, never knowing comfortable
day, and then be suddenly freed from all the
agonlzlng pains and restored to perfect
health ~ says Mrs. Cherry; "if so, you can
Imagine my feelings at the present time and
the debt of gratitude owe TO DR.. Byers, who
has worked this great change IN me- NV
trouble first started with the comm on symp.
toms of catarrh. pain over the eyes, roaring in
the ears stOpDags of the nostrils. ETC., butthese
IN time gave way TO an intense Gryness of the
throat. mouth and tongue and severe neuralgia
headaches. which almost drove me crazv.
When these pains were specially severe l could
scarcely walk without falling over, and they
were always followed by periods Of drows.
ness.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

MAPS of Muddy Creek oil field; price
S.. Address j. A. Heydrick & Son, But
Ter. Ps,
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25
Black Cheviots,

Still popular. They come in sacks and
cutsways, and we carry large line of them
from Sc 80 up. GUSKY's.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25
Extraordinary Bargains.

Forty-inch hemstitched lawn, with fve-
inch hem, 1Sc, worth SOC; suitable for
dresses, aprons, etc., at Rosenbaum & Co.'S
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

TwENTY-FoUR Pages Tomorrow. THE
DISPATCH will have everything from
everywhere in this big number. Don't miss
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

I'm time my stomach and heart became
affected. Though my appetite was good, l had
pain and distress after eating, with bloating,
rifting and palpitation. During all this long
period 1 consulted doctor after doctor, with
little or no relief, until l was directed to DIR.
Byers. l felt immediate relief from his first
treatment and now after five months cOntinu'
Gus treatment can say feel better than have
for 25 years. L will cheerfully verify this to
any one who will call upon me at my home,
at the end OF street car line, suburos of McA
Keesport where 1 have iVed for 81 years."
Since first publishing the above testimonial
in the Sunday leader Mrs. Cherry called at my
office with her son to place him nnder treats
ment, and said did not make IL half strong
enough, as no one could understand the suffer-
ing she had endured for years, and that she
told everyone this who called on her. No one
can, therefore. accuse me with exaggerating
the symptoms of those cases published as cured
by my method of treatment.
HOME TREATMENT INDoRsEMENTS
L. NJ. Carpenter. Greensburg, Pa.
John L. Rodgers, Latrobe, Pa.
B. F. Randall, New Castle Pa.
David Hays, Butler, Pa.
s. S. McFate, Wurtemberg, Pa.
E. HI. Porter Wurtemberg, Pa.
TREATMENT So A MONTH TILL JULY.
Patients contemplating treatment with r1o
will please take notice that my So treatment Will
be discontinued July !, but all coming to me
prior to that time will be treated until cured as
the same rate. medicine included. This popular
priced treatment has proved very satisfactory
to both patients and myself, and the means OF
furnishing to those of moderate circumstances
a hIgh-cass specific treatment heretofore be-
yond their reach. Some have appreciated my
honest endeayors, while others have underrated
them, and my reason for advancing mi rates is
that the reputation 1 have made by my hard
and conscientious work entities to better
fees All will be governed accordingly. Office
No. 42l Penn avenue Established 1885, Specials
ties. catarrah and all chronic diseases, include
ing nervous, blood and skin affections. SEND for
question blank. Hours A. NJ till P. NJ; P.
N. till P. N. Sunday, forenoon only.
aD1RSSu
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-04-25

The words appealed strongly to that love
of the chiyalrous which formed part of the
Kings nature, and was one cause alike of
his weakness and his strength, which in its
more extravagant flights gave opportunity
after opportunity to his enemies, in its
nObler and saner expressions won victories
which all his astuteness and diplomacy
could not have compassed. He stood
looking with halChiddeD admiration at the
man whom two minutes before be had de-
spised.
81 think you are in jest, !" he said, pres
emily.
NO, sire% the young man answered,
gravely. I'm my country they have a
proverb about US. The Lanthenons,' say
they, have ever been bad players, but good
PAYERS 1 will not be the first to be worse
than my nsmer'
he spoke with so quiet a determination
that the King was staggered and for a
minute or two paced the room in silence,
inwardly reyiling the generous obstinacy of
his weak-kneed supporter, yet unable to
withhold his admiration from it. Atlength
be stopped, with 4 low, abrupt exclamation
"Waitl' he cried. 81 have it! Ventre
Saint Girls, man, have itr' His ewes
sparkled, and, with a gentle laugh, he hit
the table a sounding blow. "Ha! hal l
have it!' he repeated, joyously.
The young noble gazed at him in
surprise, half sullen, half Incredulous. But
wen Henry in low, rapid tones had
eIpounded his plan, the Vicomte's face
underwent change. Hope and life sprang
into it. The blood few to his cheeks. His
aspect sottened. In a moment he was on
his knee, mumbling the Kings hand, his
eyes full of JOY and gratitude. After that
the two talked long, the murmur of their
voices broken more than once by the ripple
Of low laughter. When they at length sep
arated, and Henry, his face hidden by the
folds of his cloak, had stolen away to his
lodgings, where, no doubt, more than one
watcher was awaiting him with mind full
of anxious fears, the Vicomte threw open
his window and looked out on the
night. The moon had set but the stars
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1891-08-13
IRRIGATION COLONIES.

An Albuquerque correspondent of the
Florida Farmer and Fruit Grower tells
something ABOUT the irrigation colonies. or
communities, as now operating in New
Mexico. lie says irrigation is, at present.
attracting much attention, even in the So
called humid sections of our common coun-
try He has tried farming in Ohio, Iowa
and Kansas, and is now engaged in the
same kind OF business in one of the colonies
near Albuquerque, and is doing better by
far than ever before. Any man who irri-
gates can do better than the man who does
not, he says, even though the latter is oper-
ating in i region Of heavy rainfall It will
never do 10 depend upon the clouds for
moisture if one expects his crops TO do the
best that crops could do. If the clouds
happen to not give a full supply of rain at
all times exactly when needed, the crop
cannot be otherwise than short. its extent
Of shortneSs depending upon the deficiency
in water supply. On this account the CROP
even in humid regions. is very often par
tai failure, and occasionally it is a total
failure, or next door to it. Statistics show
that in all rainy countries-that is, where
the farmers depend upon the rains to make
their crops-the seasons OF too much drouth
may be safely counted upon as coming three
seasons out of every five, thus giving the
farmer three short crops to every two that
could be reckoned as entirely good.
Then in those humid regions there is an
other danger not to be expected in regions
west OF the 9th meridian-the eastern line
of the United States irrigation inquiry.
That danger lies in seasons of too much
rain, which come about as often as do sea-
sons of drsuth, and are about equally as in
jurions to crops. Both of these unfavorable
csuditions are apt TO come in the same year,
Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1891-08-13
TWO KINDS OF FARMING.

correspondent of the Country Gentle
man, after attending meeting of the
Otsego On. " dairymen's association, says
of the farmers seen there that they told OF
successes achieved in the past year and
their brains We're active for the future, and
next winter, when they meet again, ac-
counts of still better results will undoubt-
edly be heard of. The lawyer and the
doctor dropped in on the meeting occasion
ally and took part in the discussions, but
when it came to arguments, they usually
got the worst of it. These farmers did not
complain of hard times, or say farming was
failure. They were looking ahead and
planning, hopefully, for next season, and
they declared that well directed labor on
the farm did pay, and it does. There were
no moon men there, and men who put of
till tomorrow what should be done now.
But, he adds, there is another and large
class of farmers in the country who contend
that farming don't now and never can be
made to pay. You ask one OF them how his
crops were last year, and he will tell you
that he was away, and the boys planted the
Eaters" when the moon was wrong, and
they failed. When YOU question him about
his methods of fertilizing and tilling, you
soon find out where the trouble was. He
will tell you that he was converted when
the moon was wrong and he oackslid; that
he reformed again when the moon was
right, and he has stuck fast ever since The
last statement is just as reasonable as the
first. This man is contented with his lot,
and he never will be any different. He does
not try TO advance; clinging to old notions
and whims that have been handed down to
him for generation; farming don't pay
with him, but he doesn't care-he gets a
living, simply exists, and is satisfied