Los Angeles herald., 1891-07-29
EXPENSIVE PATTERNS.
COLLECTIONS THAT MANUFACTURE
ING CONCERNS HOARD.

OOop1
Many Times More Than Subsequent Du-
plicates-Government Plates.
Fortunes are invested in models and
patterns used in various branches of
manufactures. The pattern room of any
of the large iron molders or machine
shops that have been long in operation
presents an array of woodwork that has
cost good deal of money. Take, for in
stance, the iron front of building. The
various columns, panels, cornices, sills
and ornaments have all been made in
wood, which is used to mold the sand in
which the iron is cast.
Generally the cost of the patterns is
paid for on the first order. Subsequent
orders for castings of the same patterns
are executed more cheaply because the
patterns are ready made. Sometimes the
foundry owns the patterns and supplies
duplicates to all customers, but in many
cases owners of buildings prefer to own
their own patterns, so that no other
building may look like theirs.
The preservation and duplication Of
patterns is a feature and source of great
profit in many manufacturing opera
tions. 1t is characteristic of all kinds
of printing. The type founder procures
matrices of various fonts of type at great
cost, but having once secured his mold
he can go on producing any number Of
duplicates at trifing cost. The first cost
of the mold is the main cost, compared
with which the cost of metal and casting
is trifing. The same is true Of all pro-
cesses Of printing pictures
The wood engraving, the ithographic
stone, the steel plate, all cost much at
the outset, but, being once produced,
they may be duplicated by various pro-
cesses at comparatively trifing cost.
Thus picture may be sold for profit
at a penny, although to produce the first
one may have cost thousands of dollars.
GOVERNMENTAL PATTERNS.
The application of duplicating process
ses to the building trade has worked an
industrial revolution. Iii true that one
result is to produce buildings much.
alike. The designs for doors, windows,
stairways, stoops, vestibules, towers,
locks, bolts, mantels, sideboards, pier
glasses, cornices, and, in fact, all parts
of building are used over and over
again, and the cost of building is there
fore much cheapened. The fact is that
many parts Of buildings may be pur-
chased ready made and in any desired
quantities, and buildings constructed Of
such material are put up very cheaply.
But when new designs are needed, odd
shapes, fancy styles, novel ornamental
ton, the cost is greatly increased.
Before the war all the paper money in
the United States was printed by private
companies, who owned all the plates and
patterns. Even the United States gov.
ernment did not own the plates from
which its notes were printed, and in one
famous case the counterfeiter, by subter-
fuge, procured from theseprivate parties,
for nominally honest purpose, the use
of the devices used in printing a United
States treasury note; and the devices
thus fraudulently obtained were actual
ly used to produce spurious treasury
note, which was in many respects an ex-
act duplicate of the original That risk.
led to the adoption Of new plan by
which, when the government got any
notes printed, the contractors were COM
PEELED to surrender all the designs, pat
terms, dies and plates used to produce
the issue, so that they could not by any
possibility be used for any but legiti-
mate purposes.
%o1x hot 1r~1 -. al 81,
ment Of the bureau of engraving and
printing, and the governments now con-
trolls all the patterns; Of its paper money
in the same way that it controls the dies
Of its metal coinage The expense of
steel engraving is sosgreat that it is only
by duplicating and using the same de-
sign, again and again that it is made
profitable to use such beautiful designs
as are used in commercial work, as notes.
bonds, bills of exchange, etc.
ABOUT DUPLICATES.
The pattern room of great machine
shop or locomotive works or engine
builder contains the accumulation Of
years of improvement and invention
AS machine is developed and changed
the patterns are altered and used over
and over again. TO produce the patterns
new every time a new machine is wanted
would require great expense A fire in
a pattern shop is therefore a great calam-
ity, for it destroys patterns that can
hardly be replaced.
It often happens that one spoon or a
fork of an old set is lost or stolen. If the
silversmith has preserved the die new
spoon or fork may be made at trifing
cost But if a new die has to be cut, the
expense is very great. sA-
There are q thousand and one ways Off
using the same pattern for duplication
in various branches Of industry. The
most beautiful products of the sculptor's
art are duplicated in plaster. The mod
ern parlor stove is q marvel Of the use.of
models in castings.
Lots of things are stamped. All kinds
of brass and tin ware pots, pans, ket-
ties, ash cans, walters, dishes and the
Thousand articles OF domestic use that
are made from metals--go through the
stamping machine. The very best talent
is therefore used to produce the original
patterns. Sometimes artists of very high
repute, who would be very much averse
to have it known that they do purely
commercial work, are tempted to fur
nish designs or pictures for advertising
purposes, and occasionally they are SO