davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

Unterwaden entered into perpetual
league or defensive alliance Sixty
days after the swearing Of this oath of
friendship Canton Zurich entered into
n defensive league with Schwyz and
Uri, and these acts of the union cleared
the way for what was soon an actual
league. These early events, and those
that followed, are closely identified
with those most interesting creators of
history. or creatures of romance or ira
dition, as the case may be, William Tell,
Vernon, and Gessler. They are all
figures in the epoch which opened with
the acquisition of charter of liberties
for Uri in 1881, and closed with the
great victory of Morgarten in 1915.
1t was no desire for startling reform
that led those people Of three small
forest cantons to band themselves into a
League of Perpetual Alliance" in 1921.
The confederation was simply for the
purpose of checking the inroads Of Haps-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
How to Read the Tongue.

The perfectly. healthy tongue is
clean, moist, lies loosely in the mouth,
is round at the edge, and has no prom
inent papilla. The tongue may be
furred from local causes, or from SYM
pathy with the stomach, intestines, or
liver. The dry tongue occurs most
frequently in fever, and indicates a
nervous prostration OF depression. A
white tongue is diagnostic simply OF
the feverish condition, with perhaps a
sour stomach. When it is moist and
yellowish-brown it shows disordered
digestion. Dry and brown indicates a
low state of the system, possibly
typhoid. When the tongue is dry and
red and smooth, look out for infiam-
nation, gastric or intestinal. When
the papillc on the end Of the tongue
are raised and very red, we call it a
strawberry tongue, and that means
scarlet fever. Sharp pointed, red
tongue will hint of brain irritation OF
inflammation, and yellow coating in
dicates liver arrangement. When SO
much can be gained from an examina-
ton of the tongue, how important it is
that the youngest child should be
taught to put it out so that it can be
visible to the uttermost point in the
throat. DR.. Julia II. Smith.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
SWISS INDEPENDENCE.
REPUBLIC SIX HUNDRED
YEARS OLD.

story of the Foundation Of the League of
tho Swiss Cantons Tho Original Com
pact signed In August, 1291-PTOgress
Toward Republic anism-Six Hundredth
Anniversary.
Switzerland recently celebrated with
simple yet picturesque ceremonies the
six hundredth anniversary of the lmmor-
tai com pact of the brave men Of the
Three Valley cantons against the Aus
TRAN despotism. The shepherd warri-
ors of Schwyz, Uri, and the INTERVAL
den are accounted the real founders Of
that republican form of government
which seems as fresh and vital at the
end of the sixth century of it's opera
tion as it was when first tried. Every
Swiss believes as firmly in the story of
William Tell as if no intrusive @keptics
had ever questioned the fact of his
existence The story of Arnold Wink
elred and his heroic self-sacrifice when
he made path for Liberty by gathering
the Austrian spears to his manly breast
is still taught and told in every hamlet
among the Alps.
Italian, German and French Swiss
rally with equal readiness around the
national legends, and we have to-day be-
fore US the phenomenon of a little coun-
try with barely three millions of popu-
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
She Introduced Herself.

A round-faced, thrifty looking Ger
man woman presented one Of Uncle
Sans checks at the cashiers window
in the subtreasury in Wall Street,
last Friday, and placing an old-fashion-
ed leathern pocketbook on the little
shelf, waited complacently for her
money.
The cashiers assistant looked at
the check and at the woman, and in a
business-like way said: "You will
have to bring somebody to Identify
YOU"
yah, dat ist n1ine," said the woman,
with a genial smile.
"But [ don't know you," said the
young man, persuasively. "Can you
not bring somebody to identify you?"
yah, dat ist mine," repeated the
woman, serenely.
"You don't understand, said the
cashiers representative. "This check
is made payable to WiIhelmina Hecks-
hansen. / am not acquainted with
you, and I cannot pay you until you
bring somebody to identify you-l
mean to introduce you"
"Ach Introduction Oxcuse me.
forgot dat. Mister Cashier, L was
Wilhelmina Heckshausen. Now, you
please, gift me dat money"
The woman was so obviously honest,
and the amount of the check was SO
small, that the cashier paid it without
further question York Times.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
tsee~rnphical Names.

There has lately been established,
by order OF President Harrison, q
Board on Geographic Names of the
United States, made up OF several Off
GERS of departments and bureaus of the
Government. It is charged with the
duty of deciding all unsettled questions
concerning geographic names which
arise in the departments.
The deci ,ions of this board on all
disputed points connected with the
spelling of the names of places, rivers,
mountains, and SO forth, and of the
names themselves, will henceforth be
accepted as authority by the depart
ments OF the Government, and event
ually, no doubt, by the publishers of
maps and textbooks.
The way in which this new board
works may be illustrated by single
case.
Most of the text books spell the name
of the great arm of the Pacific Ocean
between Alaska and Siberia Behri1ag
OF Behring's Sea. 1t has always been
known, however, since the sea bore
this name that it was derived from
the Danish navigator, Vitus Jonassen
Boring, who, while in the Russian
naval service, first explored this sea
early in the eighteenth century.
BeriDg Russianized his Danish name
into Ivan Ivanovitch Bering. Although
the Russians have always spelled the
name of the sea Boring. the Germans
introduced an into the name, and
their spelling has been followed by
English aud American mapmakers.
The board, to which the matter was
referred, has corrected the spelling,
and in all Government documents
henceforth it will be Being Sea, not
Behring Sea.
Among the other disputed points Of
spelling the following may be noted:
1t is Chile, not Chill; FIJI Islands,
not Feejee: Governors Island, New
York, not Governors; Hudson River,
New York, and Hudson Bay, Canada,
not Hudson's; Kongo River, Africa,
not Congo; Hongkong, China, not Hong
Kong; Puerto Rico, West Indies, not
Porto Rico; Mount Rainier, Washing
ton, not Mount Tacoma.
The principles adopted By the board
require the adoption in general of the
spelling and pronunciation that are
sanctioned by local usage. The pos
sessive case is avoided wherever pos
sible.
The decisions respecting foreign
names are in accordance with the
English official system of geographical
naming and spelling. In these foreign
names the vowels are pronounced as
in the italian language, and the con-
sonants as in the English. For in
stance, in Java, Banana, Somali, and
Bal the q is pronounced as in father;
in Fiji and Hindi the 1 is like English
ee in beet; al is like .o1v in COW, so
that we have Fuchau, not Foochow.
The hard is rejected for Il, and we
have Korea, not COrea
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

Its authenticity is well attested and is
practically inquest 'oncd.
On the 18th of November, 1907, the
popular well-known "oath of the Gruetli"
or declaration of Swiss independence
was so!emnly enacted in the little glen
Of that name on the borders of the Vier-
waldstatter Lake, and but little over a
month later, on the morning of the LIST
of January, 1908, by common accord the
castles of all of the foreign bailiff:
claiming to rule in that section of Swift
zerland were stormed or taken by sire
egg, their occupants banished, and the
structures forever dismantled. Not even
as much as one stone upon another has
been left standing to tell the story of
the attempted foreign rule over the
sturdy farmers in these Alpine valleys.
Attempts to recover possession of the
country were made by the adhereDts of
Austria, resulting in the first battle of
Swiss independence, that Of Morgarten,
fought Nov *. 1915, when 1900 Swiss,
posted in favoroble position, routed
20, coo men under Leopold of Austria.
Later on, July g, 1886, in the same
region, at Sempach, l, 400 Swiss, through
the ever memorable self sacrifice OF
Arnold Won Winkelried, completely
routed the flower Of Austrian nobility
and hiyalrV
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

chosen companions, on Nov. II, 1907. and
bound themselves together to save their
cOuHtry from their cruel rulers.
It was previous to this however, that
Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden formally
reconfirmed in writing bond to protect
and defend their liberties in common.
Before 1891 any such agreement il it eX-
listed at ALL existed only verbally. This
interesting document in writing virtually
constitutes the first authenticated evil
dence of the founding of the Swiss Re-
public. To this instrument were affixed
the seals of the three countries as a
guarantee of its genuineness.
Schwyz was probably the most enter
prising Of the three, and the best organ
lied politically, and when they swore to
rise and free themselves from the Aus
trian yoke SchwyZ became the theatcr
of war; Outsiders first heard of the
confederates as SWitzers, and after the
glorious success of MOrgarton the other
cantons were willing enough to take her
name for their young league.
The latter part of the reign of Rudolf
Ill of Hapsburg, Austria, over the
rough Alpine cantons was anything but
a peaceful one. There were numerous
petty in, directions, and when Rudolf
ulCu III l~Jl, duu viz SOoi llCNS lCnShCN
the forest cantons, the hopes there en-
.tertained of liberty and a recovery of
hncient rights broke forth. The people
were wary, however They may not
have been familiar with the old fable of
the bundle of sticks, but they realized
that in union there was strength. At
any rate within a few weeks after Ru-
dolf's death, the districts of Uri,
Schwvz, and UnterwalGcn entered into
their perpetual covenant for mutual pro-
lection.
The acts Of agreement were all drawn
up in Latin, and the document itself is
safely preserved to this day in the ar
chives Of the canton of Schwyz. Natur-
ally it is looked upon with feelings of
the deepest regard and veneration by the
entire Swiss people, With it are pre-
served number of other papers, sup
Elementary and Of a similar character.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
Half n Million hmm igrants in 1890.

According to Bradstreet's, during
1890 the total number of immigrants
arriving in the United States from for
eign countries was 491, 026, gain over
the preceding year of $4,000, or Is per
cent. The bulk of the increase was
found in arrivals from three countries
in Central and Southern Europe-Aus-
tria Hungary, Poland, Italy and, in
fact. these three countries may be
credited alone with supplying more
than the entire increase noted, as their
total gain over 1889 was $4,000, or
1000 more than the total net gain.
The arrivals of British immigrants
showed heavy falling off. German
arrivals gained slightly, and Russian
immigrants we're also more numerous
than in 1889. The total number of
British immigrants was 120,567, de-
crease from 1889 of II per cent. The
statistics of arrivals ct leading ports
show that New York received 1913, 1876,
OF nearly 81 per cent. of the total !;
Boston received 30, OIL, or 6.3 per cent. !;
Baltimore, 29,125, or 6 per cent. and
Philadelphia, %, 434, or At per cent.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
Labor and Colt IN.

The 5000, 600 bales of cotton grown
in 1890 were the most valuable cotton
crop ever produced in this country.
Ever since slavery was abolished the
cotton crop has been increasing, and
though cotton has been low. it prob
ably affords more profit per acre than
any other crop grown on SO large a
scale in this country. There are two
or three facts about the present cotton
crop of great Importance. The use Of
commercial fertilizers in the older
States has fully maintained their old
ascendency in growing cotton. Savan-
nah, Ca, this year sold above 1000, 900
bales of cotton, larger amount than
any other cotton market in the world
excepting New Orleans. At the close
of the war all the labor in cotton-grow
ing was performed by negroes. But
the profit of the crop has led white
men to cultivate it, and both black and
white are now seen working together
in the cotton field.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
No Ticket Needed on That Road.

Mr.. Tilson, resident of Brooklyn,
had his family stopping for the summer
at New Jersey seaside resort. Like
Saturday it is his custom to leave his
business early in the afternoon and
take the train to where his family is
located. This he did last Saturday.
He reached the Pennsylvania depot,
presented his ticket at the door, and
was informed his train was on track
three. He followed crowd that was
going up one of the platforms and was
about entering the car, when the con-
ductor informed him that that was not
his train.
Your train is two tracks to the left, :"
said he.
Down the platform he marched and
went to the train two tracks to the
right; only to be told again he was in
the wrong place. Finally he entered
train, and in a few minutes it was
speeding over the meadow. When
Tilson showed his ticket he was told
he was on Philadelphia train and he
would have to change at Newark. He
got out at Newark, and finally his
right train came along. He was seated
comfortably, and was cursing and
swearing at his mistakes, when he was
overheard by clerical-looking gentle
man, who remarked:
Young man, you should not swear
so; you are on the road to perdition.
BY Jove, remarked Tilson, con the
wrong train again. Ny ticket calls for
sh11rv Park . Nean Yol.l. Press
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

while the other two have more of a
pastoral character with rolling meadows
and green fields. The people are now
and have always been sturdy, bold,
er>evering, as we'll as self-reliant and
conservative, set. and it was from such
country and from such men there came
forth the three famous Eidgenossen-
Walter Furst Won Attinshausen. Arnold
Won Melchtal, and Werner Staufacher-
who met on the Gruetli, each with ten
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03
The Game of Gossip.

One of the company leaves the
room. This person should be one who
is we'll known and who can take the
jokes in good part. Slips of paper are
distributed and each of the company
writes bit of gossip about the exile.
The slips are then gathered and given
to the reader, and the exile is permit
ted to guess the author of each bit of
gossip. But one guess is permitted for
each slip, and the first one whose work
is correctly guessed becomes the next
exile,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

burgers. A beautiful lake extends be-
tween the three forest cantons, which
are of themselves separated from the
rest of the world and makes with them
an extremely picturesque piece of coun-
try. This lake was sort of central
point or common meeting place for the
early inhabitants of the secluded valleys
Of the three cantons Uri is the most
mountainous and ruggedly picturesque,
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

THE ornitho1ogist of the Death
Valley (Cal.) expedition has secured
many rare specimens of mammals,
some of which are almost unknown.
At Pigeon Spring some fifty specimens
of very rare mouse we're taken OF
this peculiar species but one specimen,
taken about fifty years ago, is said to
EXIST
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

Gro UND-HoG day is not recognized as
an institution in Germany. but they
have an annual occasion which they
call wurst tag Sausage day is free
translation), and that amounts to about
the same thing.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

IT is related that when Mr.. Balfour
went over to Dublin few years ago, to
be sworn in as chief secretary. he
dined with Lord Morris, the Chief
Justice, who gave him the following
caution: Take the advice of an old
hand. Do not let the devil himself
tempt you to touch Irish education
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

The wicked fee when no man pur-
sueth. but they scratch gravel bit
faster when they are pursued just the
same.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

THERE never were two sick people
who could agree on which one was suf
fering the most.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-03

The traffic of most of the Indian rail-
ways is disorganized owing to the great
rush of pilgrims toward the Ganges.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1891-03-19
AAPoLEoN's DEVOTED SLAVE
A Faithful MameIuke Who Believed in
the Emperor's Star.

Faithful MameIuke Who Believed In
the Emperors Star.
When Bonaparte gave over his splen-
did dream of grand Asiatic empire,
audaciously declared all his own pur-
poses accomplished and the designs of
his enemy entirely frustrated, and
when, with his army, after its terrible
march, he entered Cairo in all the mag.
nificence of an eastern conqueror, de-
scendant of Mahomet presented to him
a fine horse with saddle adorned with
precious gems. and a young slave, who
held the bride. This slave was Russian,
the mamelulle of the Emperor.
Thereafter Russian was, in fact, says
the Louisville Courier-Journal, the de-
voted slave of Napoleon, and the EN-,
peror returned his devotion with sin
gular confidence that brought them to
the same plane of imagination and
superstition. Russian was with the EN-.
peror in the campaign in Russia, and
when Napoleon left the remnant of the
grand army to its still uncertain fate
and fastened to Paris to save his repu
utation and his crown Russian was one
of the half-dozen companions he took
with him. The native superstition OF
his race, his own origin and his strange
experience, blended with confidential
intercourse with so extraordinary a
character as Napoleon, made Russian a
strange and mysterious parsonage tc
even his most intelligent contempora-
ries. In the modern play he is made to
appear as a kind of gypsy fortune
teller.
Russian faithfully believed in faith
and the stars, and as Napoleon affected
the same belief it was doubtless very
agreeable to the Emperor to have
about him one who sincerely &C,
copied this belief and who
religiously believed all his masters fan.
ciful utterances. Napoleon claimed
that nature stepped aside from its
course for the purpose of his creation.
He was accustomed to hear this idea
reflected in the flattery of those who
surrounded him, but he probably knew
very well that the only man in France
who unqualifiedly believed all that he
claimed was this wild mamelule. The
modern play attributes the devotion OF
Russian to gratitude to Napoleon, and
that instead of keeping him as a
Sridle-holder the great soldier brought
him, as he might faithful dog, to be
his bedroom guardian.
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1891-03-19

joy Fulton clasped the hand of his de-
liverer.
"Ouicl1, my boy Besant cried. Zone
fellow got away and will give the
alarm. 1t will be all we can do to get
back to camp with whole skins to-
night"
They were not bit too soon, for as
they reached the opposite bank of the
river they heard the clatter of galloping
horses on the Murfreesboro road.
Are any of our fellows injured?"
Charlie asked, anxiously.
Not a scratch. We just bowled them
over like nine-pias," was the gay reply.
1t was not till they had reached a
place of safety and the sound of their
pursuers had died away in the distance
that Besant remembered the unpleasant
task which lay before him of telling
Charlie of his fathers sad misfortune.
The young mans eyes filed with
tears as he heard the melancholy de-
tails.
"Poor old dad" he moaned. "Wound-
ed SO bad as that, and l not near to COM
fort him. All! what will mother say,
wonder, when she hears that l was
away from him in his hour of need?
Away! my God! and on such an err
randi"
(Which she never need know-and if
she did, the knowledge of your safe re-
turn would condone the fault of your
going, Charlie: for women do not look
at some things In the same light that
men do"
"As you do, for instance?"
Eyes, Charlie, as l do" Frank de-
clared, firmly. 81 am not going to add
to your troubles by preaching you SER
mon; but if have any claim on your
regard, would implore you to make a
confdant of Major Hopkins, who knows
more of your doings than you have any
idea of, and who is still willing to be
your friend"
"You speak with an assumption of
guilt on my part. which in another man
would not permit one instant
mo, not guilt. Charlie; only intense
| ~ reckless folly" Besant declared.
'And am to make this paragon of a
Major my father-confessor? Well, per-
haps 1 will see him tomorrow and have
atallz with him.
''You will see him tonight; for you
will have to report to him. He is in
command now, you know
"In command? Since when?''
''Since your father fell in action"
"Ah, yes; of course"
For time they walked on in silence,
but as they reached the Majors tent,
Fulton asked: ''Does my father know
why left the camp that night?"
mo. The secret is only shared be.
tween the Major and myself-unless
you count Jim Lawson as one of us
but he is beyond the power of revela.
| tion.''
"As how?"
Deserted to the enemy
"The scoundrel!' Then, after q
pause: "Oh. Frank; do believe you
Waterbury evening Democrat., 1891-03-19

received during his confinement at the
recruiting station, and he was now be-
ginning to learn that the lot of a pris-
oner of war was not very enviable
one. Torn from his associates, who, be-
ing gentlemen. had accorded him many
little lSindnesses, he found himself in
the hands of a rough soldiery, who
seemed to take delight in covering with
indignities their luclSless prisoner. One
snatched the cap from his head with the
brutal declaration that it was too good
to cover Yanlz's brainless scalp; an
other requisitioned his boots and gave
him in return pair of soleless shoes a
tramp would scorn to wear; third APP
propriated his watch; and fourth took
n fancy to a ring he wore. Thus de-
spoiled he was hustled into the loft of
an unoccupied mill, where he was cheer
fully told to make himself at home till
morning, when he would be taken lin
the ruck of captured Yanls to the PEN"
But sharp as the eyes of his captors
were they were not sufficiently on the
alert to prevent a stolen interview with
the old colored man they had deputed
to carry him few moldy rolls and n
cup of villainous coffee they called his
dinner.
How anxiously the slow hours rolled
along. Would midnight never come?
Perhaps the ancient darby had fooled
him, or failed in his attempt to reach
the Union lines; or, worst thought of
all, was the probability that his folly
had been discovered and his comrades
might not think him worth the rescue.
Below the men who had purloined a
small lzeg of whisky were getting quar-
relsome over their cups. Now was the
time to strike; if only Frank and his
gallant boys would come; but, though
he pressed his ear against crack in
the wooden wall and listened with
breathless anxiety, there was no sound
without save the moan of the wind and
the fierce pattering of the sleety rain.
! But what is that? The hoarse chal-
lenge of the sentry, followed by a
groan-and all is still again. The rev.
elers below had never even heard the
sound. for their oaths and shouts were
louder than ever. Then the crash of
wood, and stamping and scuffiing, and
again the painful silence. He rushed
to the door and beat upon it with his
naked hand, fearful that after all they
might not find him.
| "Charlie!'
Frank
! The lock fell shattered by blow.
the door swung open, and with hysteric