The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-12-05

until the end. Princess Isabella and her hus-
band, the Count d Ea, were also present The
disease with which the ex-emperor was afflicted
was diabetes.
1t is said his last conscious words were an en-
preston OF his deep affection for Brazil and
regret that he could not go back there to die
fJoao Carlo. Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Fran
cisco Xavier da Paula Leocadio Miguel Gabriel
Rafael GonZaga dc Alcantara, the second EN-
peror of Brazil, was born in Rio Janeiro, Decenl-
Dor 2, 1875. His father, Dom Pedro l., who was
the son of the king OF Portugal, had been pro-
claimed emperor of Brazil on December !, 1922,
on his oath birthday, and owing to the continual
strife in Portugal and in Brazil, lie
sbdieated the throne in favor OF his son,
who was not yet years old, on April q 1881
Dom Pedro IL had for two years following as
tatcr and sole regent Dom Bonifacio Jose dc
Andradae Silva, the leader OF the democratic
party In Brazil. Several attempts were made
prior to 1910 to overthrow the government, but
Diego Feijo, who was called to head the party of
the government in 1881, put down all uprisings.
Pedro became ward of the coun-
ell OF regency in 1888, when Andrada
was deposed from position In 1910 Pedro,
though still under age, was declared by the
chambers to have attained his majority, and en-
July e assumed the government, and year
later, on July Is, ls4l. he was crowned emperor.
Pedro married Princess Theresa Carolina
Maria de Bourbon, daughter Of Francis l., king
OF the two sicilies. Soon after assuming the
government, Pedro dissolved the Brazilian par
Lament, but this measure occasioned innumer-
able difficulties. The revolutions which followed
in the provinces OF sac Paulo, in 1S4l,
and IN Minas Gerais, In 1872 were vigorously re-
pressed by General CaXias. In September, 1S4S,
the last revolution preceding the one which
tablished the present republic, broke out IN
Pernambuco, excited by the deputies of the
Liberal party, against the government of Goa
servatives. who were then in power. The up
rising was speedily suppressed and after that,
during Dom Pedro's reign, Brazil enjoyed in
ternal peace, and the democrats abandoned al
hope OF fomenting revolutionary movements.
The emperor increased the power of Brazil
and vigorously prosecuted internal improve
ments throughout the empire. As . man of
literary and scientific attachments, he developed
the commercial prosperity of the country, and
founded its schools, colleges and universities.
He Issued decree on September f. 1850 forbid
ding the safe of slaves In the interior of his
dominions, and the enforcement of the laws
passed In accordance with the decree of the en-
peror soon accomplished the complete cessation
of the slave trade. In 1851 Brazil and Uruguay
formed an alliance, and in 1852 Pedro sent an
army. under Marshal Caixss, to the latter coun-
try 70 subjugate Dictator Rosa, and in February
of 1852 tho dictator was defeated and driven
from the country. Brazil gained additional ter
ritory by this and free navigation of the river
Plate. Pedro made tour of Brazil in 1860, max
ing personal examination into their needs. In 1865
in conjunction with Argentine and Uruguyan
republics, he declared war against Lopez, the
dictator of Paraguay who had refused TO allow
free navigation OF the Paraguay river, which
was the only way OF communication between
the Brazilian province OF Matte crosse and the
cities OF the coast The war began with the
Brazilisns' naval victory of Riachuelo, on June
IL, 1865, aud ended with the battle Of Campo
Graude on August, 1869. when Dictator Lopez
was killed. For year Pedro was at the head of
the allied forces, but in ls66 he surrendered the
command to Marshal Caixas ana the latter, in
turn, becoming III in 1869, gave the command of
the forces during the last campaign TO Count
d Eu, sonin-law of the emperor. This war in saw
age courage, Ia rockies and heroic DIS ring rivaed
the bloodtest wars of Roman or Gothic times, and
IL cost Brazil $3l5,0000 900 and Paraguay almost
her entire male population, so that for years the
fields were cultivated by women. Peace was
concluded June 20, 1870. In 1867 the emperor
had opened to all nations the navigation OF the
Amazon river. By Dom Pedros recommends
tions and urgings parliament voted on August
"a, 1871, preliminary measure for the ernanci-
patton of slaves. He had been chosen q mem
Der of the Geographical Society in 1865. and in
the spring of 1871 he visited England and the
continent. and attended the sessions OF the So
ciety in Paris, returning in March, 1872 In
1876 he visited the United States, attending the
Centennial exhibition; then he went through
Europe, the Holy Land and Egypt In
1857 he again went to Europe in search of
health. He spoke six of the modern Languages,
1877 had been associate member OF the French
Academy OF Sciences. During the reign of Pc
dro the freedom or the piess was abroluta. He
abolition OF slayety. On November Ia
1889, occurred the bloodless revolution which
resulted in the deposition of Pedro and the es-
Enlistment of the republic of Brazil. The I'M
popularity OF his son-in-law, the Count Eu,
led to the revolution. The broken hearted en-
Pcror returned to Portugal. whore his wife soon
died. and has been living in the European capt.
tails since his retirement, mostly At Lisbon. He
was not connected in any manner with the re-
cent uprising in Brag!ll