The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1891-05-08
THE RUSSIAN ARMY.
Nearly Five Million Men Armed
for Battle.

European Nations Watching Their Mil
itary Maneuvers Fresh Data Concern
ing the Tactics and Armament of
tho Great Army.
The recent gigantic maneuvers of the
Russian army on the western boundary
have directed anew the attention of all
Europe to the great Eastern colossus.
The endurance, willingness and iron
discipline of the one hundred and fifty
thousand soldiers who met at Rowno.
the capacity of the officers to handle
great bodies of troops easily, and espe-
clally the morale of both officers and
men were so conspicuously displayed
that all Austria and Germany have been
doing good deal of hard thinking and
exhaustive writing concerning the Rus
sian army ever since.
The exact size of the Russian army in
Europe on war footing, says the Chi
cago Times, is rather problematical.
The active army is estimated by the
best German authorities to contain one
hundred and ninety-two infantry and
tfty-eight cavalry regiments, fifty-one
brigades of field artillery, and one hum
dred and forty-five Cossack regiments;
the reserve troops, one hundred and
hve infantry regiments; the mill
tia, two hundred and one infantry regi-
ments. The garrisons include twenty
four infantry regiments and ffty-one
and half artillery battalions. All
these, together with the batteries,
sharpshooters, sappers, miners, etc,
swell the grand total to four million
/ r1a1 FIT1
ropean Russian army has five hun
dred thousand horses and about
four thousand guns. The cost of
this establishment last year was,
reckoned in Russian paper currency,
$1S6, 100000. That meant tax of about
$2.00 on every man, woman and child
in European Russia. Since 1874 Russia
has had the universal obligation to
service. The time of service in the
standing army is five years; in the
reserves, which are in camp twelve
weeks every year, thirteen years; in the
militia, till the soldiers fortv-third
year. The buying of substitutes or
exemption is not allowed
The infantry is armed with breech-
leaders, Berdan II. model ~, with a
caliber of 1907 centimeters. and a bail
weighing about an ounce. The field
artillery has guns of 1907 centimeters
caliber for heavy work and others of
81 centimeters caliber for light and
mounted artillery. These latter throw
grenades and shrapnels. The maxi
mum range of the 1867 caliber is $500
meters, and of the 81 caliber 6, 800 meters
for grenades. The range of the shrap-
mel is between $500 and $3.50 meters.
What kind of men stand behind these
arms? The opinions of all who have
seen any of the more recent Russian
maneuvers are uniform. The Russian
soldier, they say, is the most willing,
obedient and robust in the world. He
can live contentedly from what
Frenchman or German would starve on.
He can march tremendous distances
without losing his pluck and under the
most trying hardships needs only a.
word from his superior to make him
forget all his troubles and rally to any
effort. A German officer, who after his
recent return from Russia published his
observations in the Cologne Gazette,
says:
The maneuvers showed that the
Russian army is made up of men and
horses that are equal to all exertions
and all demands of the modern battle
field. Heavily built, thoroughly disci-
plined, content with little food, and
loyal above all others, the Russian sol
der is ready and willing in every
emergency"
The strenuousness and the aim of
Russia's exertions to bring her army to
its present state of efficiency and avail
ability at a moments notice are best
illustrated by her railway policy of late
years.
''The energy of the Russian Govern
ment in the construction of military
railways during the last decade has
been truly wonderful, says Max Liman
in the Illustrirte Zeitung. ''Still, the
distances to be overcome were SO tre-
mendous that the meshes of her iron
net are at least twice as great as those
in Germany and France. The railway
construction in Russia in the last few
years has been pushed most rapidly on
the western boundary, so that quick
attack in Germany and Austria might
be rendered possible The Government
was forced to do this by the Panslavs.
This party has its advocates in high
military places, and through them has
spread its ideas throughout the army.
"It deserves mention, too, that the
Russian forces are being steadily shifted
to the western boundary. Sixty per
cent. of all the troops and even three
quarters of the whole cavalry are at
present in the military departments,
Warsaw, Wilma, Kew and Odessa, and
almost the entire army is garrisoned
along the lines of the stategical rail-
ways. During the last year sixty-two
battalions, fifty-eight squadrons, and
sixteen batteries have been transferred
to the western departments. Thereby
the standing Russian army has been in
creased by fifteen thousand men on the
German border and by thirty-five thou
sand men on the Austro-Hungarian
frontier
New Business for the Postmaster.
The people who want something for
nothing are very closely related to thes
Dannla who o1.a oil f,xv;-.er e,..l