The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-06-23
THE HOP LOUISE HERE.
PuyalIup and White River
Yards Infested.
FARMERS SPRAYING THE VINES.
Kerosene Emulsion the Best Insecticide
Useless to Pull on the Lower
Leaves, ~ the Aphides Fly.

Every hardware store is laying in q stock OF
pumps. and connections OF all kinds are on the
market-aIl on account OF that dreadful little IN
sect the hop louise. Many who were skepucai
n to the actual identity of these pests, are, ON
personal examination of the fields, becoming
convinced that hop lice are IN our fields, ana, 70
great extent, in many OF them fouf CORE
spondent has visited the yards in this and the
White river valleys, and in all OF them, Win
very lew exceptions, the aphldes are 70 pe
found Il is noteworthy that they are always
found on the outside rows to begin with, ana
further it seems they are seen on the west siue
of yards oftener than on the other exposures.
The south side seems also to be favorable 70
their production. The natural conclusion 10
that warmth is necessary condition to their de-
velopment, hence the necessity OF clearing
away all weeds and bushes that grow up IN the
fences around the yards.
Professor j. A. Entner, the state entomologist
of New York, published the following the other
day, which is the best and most simple state
ment of the prevention of the spread OF the aphis
which has yet been published:
The one great uncertainty in the successful
cultivation Of the hop crop is its liability to at
tack and destruction by the hop vine aphis-
sometimes know as sthe fly" or the "green fly.
Although this insect is not entirely absent from
our hop yards in any year, yet its multiplication
and the excessive injury that 1t frequently IN
licts Ia dependent upon atmospheric and me-
sociological conditions. Unfortunately, these can
not be predicted, and, therefore, the hop grown
usually defers action that would serve to pre-
vent aphis multiplication until the attack has
been made in force-cannot be wholly arrested,
and can only be mitigated at great expense.
The hop vine aphis is a European pest which
was first observed in 1862 in the United States.
For long time it has been allowed to work its
ravages in this country In years OF its abund-
ance without effort made against it, Quite diff
fereut has been the course pursued in England,
where no hop grower presumes to grow q crop
without his regular chop washings.'
was for the first time worked out, in the hop
yards OF New York, by the chronological d.
vision at Washington With this knowledge at
care, and without great expense. our hop crops
can be saved from aphis destruction.
The insect, deserving the hop yards in autumn,
passes 70 plum trees on the smaller swigs Of
Matching In the early spring. three
the third brood being winged.
tree and flies to the hop yards. This flight
takes place in the month OF May-in England 1t
has been noticed on May IS. The precise
could be ascertained by careful examination of
the leaves daily at about the usual time for its
appearance.
The winged aphides would be found at first
on the upper leaves of the outer row of the
plants in the yard. This is the time, without
any delay, to commence operations against
them They should be killed, aud thereby pre-
vent the enormous progeny 10 which they would
give rise in the nine rapidly succeeding genera
tions on the hop plants. This multiplication,
In favorable seasons, ID simply appalling-al-
most incredible. but il need not be permitted.
Ii may be prevented by killing the plum tree
migrating brood while upon the outer rows Of
the yards.
The best insecticide for use is believed to be
kerosene emulsion. prepared after the formula
which has so often been given in the agricul-
tural journals.
lThfs emulsion is made from this formula:
Kerosene, two gallons; common soap, one half
pound; water, one gallon. Dissolve the soap in
boiling water, and after removing from the fire,
while yet boiling, add the kerosene oil, emulsi-
force pump with a spray nozzle into the same
vessel until il assumes the appearance of thick
cream and the oil does not rise to the surface.
Dilute the above mixture with from nine to
fifteen parts of water when using, so that IL
will not be stronger than one part of oil to
fifteen parts of water.l
Properly applied by spraying with a suitable
force pump through fine nozzle, Ii will not fail
of killing every aphis with which IL comes in
contact II is all-important that il be applied
30 to bring IL in contact with each insect, as
IL kills only by this means. and not as do the
ars meal mixtues, by depositing the poison on
the leaves TO be subsequently eaten by the in
sects. All plant lice are sucking insects feeding
only on the sap OF the vegetation that they in
fest
As the kerosene emulsion requires some labor
In its preparation, possibly some of our hop
growers would prefer to use the hop wash which
for long term OF years has been successfully
used by the English hop growers, and we ac-
cordingly give the formula for it:
One hundred gallons of water Of hard water,
with soda added.
Four 20 lbs soft soap.
Six to lbs. of quassa chips, first stepped in
cold water and afterwards steamed or boiled.
The efficacy OF this washing has been clearly
demonstrated Planters who have SPRAYED with
II IN England have grown crops of $50 10 500
pounds per acre, while those not using IL grew
nothing, or next TO nothing.
As the plum tree brood does not migrate en-
masse at the same time, a second spraying
should follow the first, in few days thereafter
Watch should be kept for the advent of new
corners, either through flight, or by production,
as the new broods occur at intervals OF a few
days, and are therefore frequent during the sea-
SON The spraying should be repeated often
as Is necessary to prevent the multiplication
which would otherwise destroy the crop.
There are at least three methods by which
much may be done 10 prevent attack:
Frst-Cut down and burn all the wild plum
trees in localities where hops grown. so as TO
AFFORD fewer places where the hop aphis may
oyiposit in the autumn. Include in this such
cultivated plum trees as are not yielding paving
crops, particularly IL infested with the black
knot.
second-spray all cultivated plum trees with
the Kerosene emulsion during the winter, or in
The early spring before the leaves are out in
may have been deposited there the preceding
autumn. The kerosene viii penetrate and
quickly Kill all the eggs which il reaches.
Ihird-Colleet and burn all the refuse (leayes
and yiEesl of the hop yard soon as the crop 10
picked. Al this time many of the male aphides
which are the last 10 leave the yard, are still
upon the vines and in the burning, IL is be-
heyed, that their number may be reduced 10 the
extent that enough will not remain 10 ferttlze
ali oil The females that have already taken their
sypsurtnre. The mating occurs largely, If not
wholly, upon the plum tree.
ne above directions involve watchfuiness
s a. labor, but the demand they make is triiiing
~ con par,son with the value OF the crop that
nay merely be rescued from destruction.
There are several other preparations besides
MOS. . mentioned by Professor Lntner-some OF
susm good, while others are doubtful-but il is
80. es 20 nave good compound and use IL than
..eApsrment with questionable ones, as all the
sne lice are multiplying, and every day is
49, 49, u our local growers are busy spraying,
49,. p,eisf to make sure work of the sphis 20
leaving their crop to the slim chances that no,h.
ing serious may hAppen
49, - great deal OF uncertainty concern.
'nS .ae coming crop as whole That n will Ia
- uos beyond q doubt as the crops of
1ngiano ana the Continent Are in a hsckwars
saS al" ~. me weather still continues un-
.a.es :, hsle Is quite large increase in the
49,, ~ -, ~ " asn,hs'on and Oregon this wear
ara u,;u W., -. WI have very light crop
the first season TIC 'o'al crop
many OF me growers are cutting the leave, of
80, .ne nsish' OF about twenty inches honinr i'm
ms way to prevent the spread OF the Iicn s, -
s sney attain the winged condition, this trim.
%.ns : OF mite avail. the eggs being often
ioand toward the top Of the poles S1'e"
The Oregon yards seems 10 srsa- g..
1ings than lice. In many of thern - . IlNIe
oniy one or two feet high ana sss,, - -,
e'ing very much for the want Of rsin -
s.s SO That IN going through some ysris :,
Nn and vicinity a great many ~ 70 Ss, -
sno,ed void OF vines, - NAs Ellis
fakinz