davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1891-05-14

Los dos sucesos que mas llaman la aten-
ci6n de Europa en- estOs momentOs, son el Ia
llecimlentO del feldmarscal Conde de Moltke y
ell discursO prOnunciadO pOr Bismarck en- Kiel.
La muerte de Moltke ha causadO honda
impression no solo en- su pals, en- 81 cual era una
de las dos grandes columns en- que descansa-
ba 81 Imperio aleman, sino Oh toda Europa.
Moltke ha sido 81 g6nio de Ia guerra de su
tempo, como Napoleon I 10 fu6 del suyo. Su
provision y su talento militar solo pueden COM
pararse LOS del gran NapoIe6p. En- prueba de
clio citar6 dos ejempios:
Hallabase el ej6reito alelman frente Pa
ris. I'll rey GuiHermO y BiSm arck eran dc opl-
ni6n de que Ell Sitio deberia hatcerse pOr el ham
bre v no pOr 81 bOmbard6O, en- atenciOn que
habia en- Paris muchaS vidas inocentes y mu-
chOs mOnumentOs artfst 30s irreemp plazableS.
PeTO llega MOltke rechaEa la idea" Els me-
cesario Ell b0mbard6O-dijo. IN scesitamos ami
quilar Francia, pues de 10 co ptrario tendre-
mos una guerra segura y sangri 5enta en- 10 por-
venir, par tanto, un peLgro grsandislmo para
Alemania." Y 81 bonbardeo Sc 3Eerifco, per0
no con Ia energia que 81 deInandal5a.
El OtrO hech0, es anterior a la guerra, y en-
81 que mas SO ma nifiesta la provision de Molt-
key 10 cOnVencido que estaba de cue Ia que.
ira entle ambast laclOnes era iTlevita BILE.
En- el mOmf6k5o de decsararse Ia guerra,
MOltke Sc halla bs7en CANA pOstradO por una
gran h63re Ell arey Guillermo corrio en perso-
ma casa del e ,enelal, obligado porla gravedad
dc las circunst ancias, entro On 81 dormltorlo.
de aqu6l, y les diio:
LA que ira con Francia es un he3ho Sc
me ACADIA de declaTar por Ell Representative del
emperadoy.
Moltke meti6 la mano en- la almohada, sa-
co una Lave entregandOla al rey, diio, sena-
iando ups papeera que haola 1ren5e 2 su
lecho:
-Prin er egajo de IA izaui6rda.
volyi "a reclnar Ia cabeza dOminado por
la fiebre.
El rey tom6 el legaj0 indicado y 40 tuy0
mas que Or denar el cumplimiento de ias ms
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1891-05-14
Noticias de Ia lsla

Ha vuelto sufrir Otr0 secuest tro etra
denuncia, por disposition del Alead de dc Are
cibO, nuestrO estimadO colega La Depgoe eio
L0ssentimOs muchc.
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1891-05-14
"a Correspondence De PusrtO-RicO.
Psevto Rico, 11ago 13 de 1891.
Revista Europea

GUMARIO: Po16tica eswopea. - Las bse1-
gGS.-El cOaade de lE0ltse. - ~ ddsc9sgsO de
Bismarck. s.- Cdns0rGS espal5og0s. Ley DE
Gmnist5a Los pYesWpWest0S. Peq1ei56ceS.
MAJ IS Abril de 1891
Sr. Director de LA COKREsPONDENCIA.@
La correspondencia de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 1890-1943, 1891-05-14

Los guardias de orden p0blieo Ricardo
nrier como de AS 46 amos llamada Rosario
Prieto vecina dc la Gale de San Francisco, que
encontraron tendida on Ia Gale. AL llevarla al
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01

the river the grade Is | foot down for
every so feet; under the river, / foot
down In every 1000 feet toward the
Canadian side to that drainage shaft
Over 100000 cubic feet Of soil was
taken from the tnnnel itself. The cast
iron lining OF the tunnel weighed
$4,000, 900 pounds. To fasten til lining
s2s, $50 steel bolts seven-eighths of an
inch in diameter were used The Cana
dian open cutting is 3,193 feet
long; the American, 2,532 feet long.
The total length of the tunnel and its
approaches is 11,725 feet.
In Port Huron Aug. 26, 1890, was re-
corded one of the largest mortgages ever
given in Michigan. 1t was for So. 500. 600
The st. Clair Tunnel Company gave ID
to secure bonds running fifty years and
bearing 5 per cent. annual interest, COW
ering all the present property of the
company. Rent and tolls can be col
lected for allowing other railways than
the Grand Trunk system to use the
tunnel.
1t is believed that the Grand Trunk
route, as thus improved, will offer facili-
ties for through communication between
Chicago and all points in the East which
will be appreciated by passengers and
shippers. There will be no more trouble
from ice blocks or other instructions in
the river and the best time will be made
for traffic Of all kinds.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01
THE RATES TO REMAIN.

Nebraska's State Board of Transportation
viii Not Lower Freight Schedules.
The Nebraska state board of trans
portation have decided not to alter the
present freight schedules. Their report
is Voluminous and contains statistical
tables in support of their position. In
conclusion they declare that the local
rate, which means the rate between sta
ton and station within the state, is of
small significance as compared with the
through rates, and is of no interest to
the farmer, as everything he uses is
shipped to distributing points, such as
Omaha, Lincoln, Hastings, Beatrice and
Fremont, on a through rate, and then
sent out over the state ON what is
known as distributive or jobbers' rates,
which are much lower than the local
rates now in force; and that all his
grain goes out Of the state on a through
rate, which at the present time is far
better rate than Iowa enjoys. AS an
example they cite the fact that at re-
cent sitting of the interstate commerce
commission at the city of Omaha, the
Iowa farmers made complaint to that
body and produced absolute proof that
Nebraska has better market rates for
It's pTOOucbS IHdH lOWH. 1uey ClGo Gne
rate On corn from Creston, Ja., 396
miles from Chicago, as compared with
the rate from Venango, Neb., S72 miles
from Chicago. Creston, II cents per
100 pounds for corn, and Venango 25
cents per 100 pounds, making II cents
per 100 pounds for 396-mile haul for
the Iowa shipper and an additional 8
cents for an additional haul of 476 miles
for the Nebraska producer. They fur
Their find that the railroads are not in a
condition to. stand, nor does their net
earnings, figured on basis of cost of
$50. 900 per mile, and not on what they
claim they cost, justify any cut in local
rates Of Nebraska at the prent time.
And further that reduction in the To-
cal rates in Nebraska would increase
the through rate to market for grain
and would be a blow at the industries
of the state. This last finding is assert
ed from the fact that the board of
transportation reduced the rates on
hard coal go per cent, and yet the price
to the consumer was not lowered nor
the price at the mines raised, showing
that the through rates must have been
raised.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01

There will be deficiency In the appro-
priation for the payment of fees and ex-
penses of examining surgeons of about
$300,O0o. The total amount disbursed
on account Of pensions, expenses, etc,
during the fiscal year was $11s, 54S, 959,
us compared with $lO6, 493, 800 for the
preceding year, an increased cost to the
nation of $l2,055, 069, as compared with
the previous year. During the last year
20,525 pensioners were dropped from
the rolls for various causes. 1t is esti-
mated that of the soldiers of the late
war 1,O04, 65s were killed in battle or
died during and since the war. On
June 80 last, 124, $50 of these deceased
soldiers were represented on the pen
sion rolls by widows or other depend
ants. There are about /, 2OS, 7O7 soldiers
in the United States now living, $50, 1853
are now on the pension rolls. There
are, therefore, 6Ss, $40 survivors who
are not pensioned and $40, 9Os deceased
soldiers not represented on the pension
rollc
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01

BILE. For some time IL was thought Che
tunnel might have to be abandoned.
Compressed air was found sure RENE
dy. At the river line on each side,
brick and cement. alright bulkheads
were built across the tunnel Each
bulkhead had two air chambers, one on
each side, z feet in diameter and II feet
long, with alright doors at each end.
Through each air chamber passed a
car track. Inside the tunnel, beyond
the bulkhead, work was begun under
an air pressure of 10 pounds to the
square inch. From time to time the air
pressure was gradually increased, until
the men worked under an artificial
pressure of % pounds per square inch,
total atmospheric pressure OF 81 pounds
per square inch, or about 215 at
mospheres. On the Canadian side the
highest air pressure was used because of
quicksand On the American side com
pressed air was used from April Z, 1890;
on the Canadian, May 20, 1890.
Because of water and quicksana tho
st Clair tannel could not have been
constructed without the aid of hydraulic
mining shields. Such shields had been
used successfully In London, Chicago,
Buffalo, Broadway tunnel, New York
Gsy, the Hudson River tunnel, and in
other works This shield is cylinder,
like headless barrel Its front end
has sharpened edges to cut into the
earth. The thin rear end is called the
hood. The in. ide is traced with iron,
both vertical and horizontal. Around
the main walls are sets Of hydraulic
jacks. Each jack has valve whereby
it may be cut off at any time from the
pump that supplies the .tack. The ma
sorry, or iron plates. OF the tunnel, be-
ing built up within the thin hood of the
shield, air is supplied to- the jacks and
the shield is forced ahead, usually the
length Of the pistons of the jacks, or
about two feet The shield having adj
vanced the men remove the soil from
the front of the shield Everything be-
ing in readiness the shield is again
pushed 70. ward, the tunnel walls built
up, and the excavated soil removed.
Each Of the ST. Clair tunnel shields
weighed eighty tons.
The American shield was started uly
IL, 1889, the Canada Sept 81, 1889, and
they met at l1:3O p. M, August 80, 1850.
The shields shells were left in the tun-
tunnel and the tunnel walls laid up in
them. L he American had done the most
work, and the easiest progress was to
ward Canada, the average being ten feet
each day.
The tunnel approaches have the same
general appearance OF solidity as the
tunnel itself. On each side of the great
cuttings are high and deep stone retain
ing walls. Each portal is SO feet high
and 14s feet wide, about 10 toet thick
over the entrance of the tunnel, and
about half that width at each end. Like
the retaining walls the portals are made
of rough, heavy limestone blocks. Over
the entrance OF each portal is inscribed
asst. Clair, $780," The diameter of the
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01

CINE, an air-b1ower with a capacity Of
10000 cubic feet Of air per minute, a
machine shop with machines for tunnel
work, water pump for the pit, and an
electric light plant. The tunnel will be
lighted by electricity. The electric plant
Is In Sarnia. where permanent brick
boiler and engine rooms have been
erected.
The great cuttings for the approaches
were commenced New Years, 1889.
Each cutting was made about sixty feet
feet deep at the portal. The Canadian
cutting at its broadcast portion is 26O feet
wide, the American about 200 feet wide.
Into each pit inclined tracks were laid
for engines to haul out the dirt On the
banks derricks were erected far hosting
the soil In September, 1890, steam
shovels began work on the cuttings On
each side Of the river two shovels were
used, each attended by an engine and
train of fat cars Several hundred men
were employed night and day, lime
lights being used at night, aud the soil
was removed in layers. The work of
these shovels was greatly hindered by
rains and numerous landslides occurred.
The tunnel walls are made of GAS t
iron, suggested by Chief Engineer Hob
son. in the circle are thirteen seq
ments end o key. Each segment is 4
feet 10 inches long, is inches wide, and
2 inches thick, with fiaeges inside of ~
inches thick and inches deep In each
segment were cast 32 holes, In each
end fange and IL in each side fiange.
Through these holes passed steel bolts
seven eighths of an inch in diameter
In each section OF the tunnel the cir
cular joints required 1877 bolts and
the longitudinal joints required SO bolts.
The danges took In circle of 20 feet
and inches in diameter The edges of
the plates were planed In the machine
shops near the tunnel entrances Each
plate was then heated and dipped In cold
tar. This had been found better than
to dip the cold iron into hot tar For-
merly the tar would not dry quick
enough; later the tar was dried by the
time the segments were cool. The seq
ments were lifted to place by circular
crane revolving on q spindle In the CEN
ter Of the shield. This spindle had q
wise at one end and connterbalance
weight at the other.
When the bed OF the river was reached,
Quickssnd and water made great tron-
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01
IN THE EAST.


Work is actually to begin at once on
the Grant monument in New York.
Ex-CoNaREssMAN ScoTT, Of Pennsyl-
vania, is dead. His estate is estimated
ut $50, 0o0,0 900.
Mr.. BLAINE expects to secure st.
Nicholas Mole, Hayti, as a naval
station within year.
SEvEN men were killed in collision
ON the Pittsburg & Western near New
castle, Pa, between work train and
freight train.
THE surplus in the United States
treasury has been very small the past
week, reduced down by the redemption
OF ~ per cent. bonds and falling of
In the customs during the month of
thirty per cent. No danger is appre-
hended from the low condition of the
treasury.
SPECIAL AGENT KRETsCHNER, of the
begun q crusade against railroad traffic
associations. He claims that they are
trusts and in contravention of the inter-
state commerce act. The federal grand
jury at Topeka will be asked to indict
several traffic managers. ..
BISHOP HENRY MCNEIL TURNER of
the colored A. M. K. church, is out as
the advocate of scheme for deporting
Al Arican negroes to Africa He de-
ella es that his observation has taught
him that there is little hope for the
eolored race in this country, and he
thinks the best thing the freedmen can
do Is to go to Africa and set up gov
eminent for themselves.
TIE annual report of Commissioner
Raum, of the pension bureau, shows
that on June 80, 1891, there were 676, 16O
pensioners on the rolls, being an In
crease of 1882 for the last fiscal year.
During the last fiscal year first pay
ments were paid upon 131, 100 original
claims, amounting u 1871, 391, 53s. This
Ii IN increase in number over 1900 of
1852, the aggregate cost. however,
being 81, 0S7, 300 less. There were 22, So l.
irst payments of every description, re-
curing $13s, $50, 274, being 500, 592 less
than required for 100, 514 first payments
made during the last fiscal year. The
average value of the first payments was
$3.50. The average value of first pay
ments under the act of June ~. 1890,
was vi. The aggregate annual value
Of the 676, $50 pensions on the roll June
30, 1891, was $50, 247 200; the average
value of each pension, $139; the aver.
age value Of each pension under act OF
june 27, 1890. 1921. AT the close of the
fiscal year there were 80, STA pensioners
ON the roll who remained unpaid for
want Of time. and who were entitled
% receive 1884 PAP, which will be
paid out of the appropriation for the
current fiscal year, and there remained
ia the hands Of pension agents the sum
81 $5,7l3, 1859, which has since been
covered into the treasury. This amount,
added Ia SO, 607, 80 OF the appropriation
not drawn, aggregates 90, $50, ss6. the
appropriation which was not expended.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01
THE GRADES OF GRAIN
REGULATIONS FOR SOUTH DA-
KOTA GRAIN DEALERS.

The State Board of Railway Commits
sioners Have Issued q Set of Rules and
Instructions Substantial the Same as
Those in Use In Minnesota.
The state board of railway COM
missioners have prepared folder CIV
ing the grades of wheat, oats, barley,
rye, etc, as established by them. These
are being sent to elevator and ware
house men all over the state to be used
by them in fixing grades. A set of
rules and instructions governing grades
and the purchase of grain are also
given and which the commission will
insist on being fully complied with. The
reported discrimination against South
Dakota wheat in St. Paul and Min
neapolis markets is practically ground
less, and to avoid any further trouble
or misunderstanding the board made
two Wits to those cities and made per-
sunal investigation, the result Of which
was the finding of little upon which to
base the reports. The rules and grades
governing Minnesota wheat are sub
stantially those adopted by the South
Dakota commission, The grades gov
erning wheat, and which are more par
ticularly of interest to South Dakota
farmers and the general public are as
follows:
No. hard spring wheat must be sound
bright and well cleaned and must be COM
posed mostly of hard Scotch fife, and weigh
not Less than ffty-eight pounds to the
measured bushel
No. 1 northern spring wheat must be
sound and well cleaned, and must be COM
posed OF the hard and soft varieties of
spring wheat. Motel Is to be UNDER
stood that the minimum test weight of this
grade shall not be less than fifty-seven
pounds to the measured bushel, and must
contain not less than about so per cent. Of
the hard varieties of spring wheat.
No. northern spring wheat must be
sound, reasonably clean, and of good mill
ing quality. Note-The grade to include
all wheat not suitable for the higher grades,
and to weigh not less than ffty-six pounds
to the measured bushel
No. spring wheat shall comprise all
inferior. shrunken or dirty spring wheat.
weighing not less than ffty-four pounds to
the measured bushel.
Rejected spring wheat shall include all
spring wheat that is grown, badly bleached
or for any cause unfit for No. wheat
Note-Wheat containing admixture of
''rice" or goose" wheat will in no case be
graded higher than rejected.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01

six feet below the level of the water: the
rivers greatest depth O47 feet, and it's
width nearly half a mile The strata
were yellow sand about two feet; with
sand and blue clay mixed about twelve
feet, thence to the rock about twenty
one feet Of blue cay. Plans and draw
ings were made. The St Clair Tunnel
Company was organized in 1885. At
first the company thought of starting
from immense shafts on the shore, and
then working outward to the land ap.
proaches. In 1886 test shafts were sunk
on each side of the St Clair River;
drifts at right angles were started under
the river; water and gas stopped work.
In 1887 these shafts were begun The
American one will be used as o ven
tilator
The tunnel plants were erected back
from the river; in Michigan about 200
feet, in Ontario about 300 feet Each
plant contained boiler house, hOlsting
or winding engines. a ventilating en-
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01

of the most remarkable engineering
feats of the present day. The Grand
Trunk Railway extended it's lines to
Chicago in 1880. About 5000 miles of
railway will use this tunnel. Previously
steam ferries had been used Their
service has not been altogether satisfac-
tory because the rivers current is very
swift; in winter there have been ice
jams; the railway had TO deviate about
six miles; a bridge was impossible, owing
to the nature of the ground and the OPP
position of the marine interests. The
st. Clair River bears the most commerce
of any stream in the world.
In 1884 preliminary surveys were
made. Behring'S found the rock eighty
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01
THE SOUTHERN SUNNI AIRY.

THERE is every indication of renewed
trouble at Briceville, Tenn, within a
few days. The armistice expired on the
oath inst. and the miners are reported
to be very restless because of the mac
ton of the legislature which has just
adjourned in a deadlock between the
two houses, unable to effect any change
in the convict lease system against
which the miners have rebelled. The
superintendent of prisons said that he
anticipated renewal of the troubles
upon the expiration of the armistice.
Gov. Buchanan is firm in his determine
ton to put down any further insurrec-
ton, and the trouble, If it comes, will
be OF brief duration.
TRAIN loads of stock are rushing
through Texas to Mexico to get in be-
fore the new tariff against the importa-
ton Of American stock goes into effect
November / in Mexico. President
Diaz secured the tariff to give Mexico
the vantage ground in reciprocity nego-
tiations with Secretary Blaine.
IT is reported at Brownville, Tex,
that the Mexican revolutionists are
daily receiving large reinforcements
from the American side of the Rio
arande. United States troops are en-.
ieavoring to prevent their crossing.
AT Andalusia, Ala, the county jail
was burned. All of the prisoners were
gotten out safely except Peter jackson,
who was in an iron cage, charged with
murder, and he was burned to death.
THE case of r. M. King, the Seventh
Day Adventist, convicted In Obion
county, Tenn, Of Sabbath has
oeen appealed to the United States SUI
preme court
LOUISVILLE will try the experiment
,f working her conyicts on farms near
The penitentiarY.
THE sovereign grand lodge OF Odd
Fellows began its seyenty-second con-
elaye In st. Louis.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01
TOOK A WHOLE TOWN.
The Missouri way OF Robbing All the
StOl es at Once.

The Missouri Way OF Robbing All the
Stol es at Once.
Shortly after IL o'clock one morning last
week band Of armed men invaded the
little village of San Antoine, seven miles
east of St. Joseph, Mo-, and when they de-
parted few hours later the place had the
appearance of town that had received the
attention of guerillas during the late war.
The men worked quietly, but speedily,
and the first intimation had OF the visit
was when Henry Gloss who keeps general
store, came down to open up His place of
business had been Quilted completely, not
enough groceries and clothing being left to
fit out a small family. On the alarm being
given it was further discovered that the
postof1ce had also been entered and every
ounce Of mail matter carried off. Two
hardware stores and blacksmith shop in
addition were found to have been looted,
everything they contained being carried off.
The stuff taken, which comprised the entire
stock in trade of every merchant in
the village, must have been loaded into
wagons and driven into the deep woods sur
rounding the place. From thence the
thieves evidently expected to get it into St
Joseph or Kansas City.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1891-10-01
A Great work Complete.

The ceremonies by which the st.
Clair River tunnel was formally dedi-
Gated were the most elaborate of any
ever held in that section. Extensive
preparations had been made both at
Port Huron, Mich, on the American
side, and at the town of Sarnia, at the
Canadian entrance to the great tunnel
which now connects the Dominion with
Uncle Sans domains. Sir Henry Tyler.
President OF the Grand Trunk Railway,
with other officials and prominent pub
lie men of both the United States and
Canada, made an official trip through
the tunnel, stan ting from the American
side. They were treated, upon their
arrival In Canada, to a royal reception,
after which they returned to Port Huron,
where banqueting and speech making
again awaited them.
The St Clair tunnel, on the Grand
Trunk Railway of Canada, extending
under the ST. Clair River between Sar-
mia, Ont, and Port Huron, Mich, is one