New-York tribune., 1891-03-05

homestead settlers. The last Congress also provided
for the creation Of a land court to investigate and ad
Indicate titles claimed under spanish grants prior to
the ACQUISITION by the United states Of the region
within which the lands lie. BY these means a cloud
will he removed from titles involving millions Of acres
which Ina, hitherto been bar TO settlement well
fruitful cause OF litigation and frontier violence and
the result will be large amount Of land added 10 the
,,,hIic domain by needed amendments of the public
land laws especially those relating to desert land
| and timber culture entries. cause Of fraud and
u.stc has been removed and the honest settler will
reoeiye the benefit
In thc same lne although not with the same end In
iv wa, the praisewoIthy and intelligent legislation
1 =, tbs last Congress establishing forest and park
reservations in the state Of California.
TWO NEW STATES.
ro tbe unAagcing efforts of the Republican minority
- he Ith Congress, backed by the aid and sympathy
! - .no late : = Cox and few other Democrats, was
s ne admission into the Union after years Of unjust
/ ,t,, of North Dakota. South Dakota. Montana and
/ yvosbinctou The last Congress crowned two other
Territories with the honOrs Of Statehood ana senator's
o,d Reprcsenativcs from Idaho and wyoming occupied
oat I'm that body. Both Of these new states possess
ironse natural resources. and an Increasing tide OF
i,ration is pouring into them now that they have
| opoA from a Territorial condition OF dependence
Tha last Congress also created the Territory ol Okla
| boma-ltcraly created it-for region when was an
uninhabited waste in April mad a population Oh 'oooo
i, lime and every quarter OF ldhd WIS o0'upcu
bv an actual, bona-fde settler; indeed some quarter
oc,ions had four or more actual occupants. each oi
whom held that he the rgttul heir to that portion
| Of Uncle Sans domain.
JUDICIARY REFORMS
For years there had been an urgent oeIhalu io
reform in the judiciary system OF the uhIVu o"'o9'
| II was an antiQuatcd system: the country ia" ouV
grown it, Justice Jagged and sutors became hrst III"
sponcent and next discouraged, seeing little or no
hefore Congress without action and the tens Ol 'Hon-
sands of persons who were suffering torluN peV'"'o
Of the inability of the supreme Court 10 sl"t anu
get rid OF any part of the huge burden uicr ",,,'
II was already staggering, and when was s"duA'
growing bigger and heavier. began to despair oi To
lief from Congress But happily the LIST OohsreN''
unlike its predecessors, dealt with the matter !"
c4oIs and practical fashion and enacted law "hl'"
Il is believed will speedily ease the buioeh "ih' IA"
been crushing the life out of the supreme No"It '
the hope out Of SultOrs. ms Ia" p'V''"o' ~ ~
ir,orucdiato appelate tribunal and wlhho"ihs oI
c,scs 80 that fewer Of them Will nave 10 po %
unon by the highest judicial tribunal IN tl' l'nu'
I. hos heen the opinon Of almost everybody lo'
,, ,in,e that the salaries OF United states D9ul'
Judges were too small. but for years 'ohSIeS' va
ny,,r,ous or too cowardy to do justice III the mat
ter until the last Congress dealt with II Oh It's
REFUND OF TIE DIRECT TAN.
The priuclples of equity, If not OF su''t '"9",''
demanded
a,d ,ber respective shares Of the direct TAX lc'o ~
f ., n,, nare the money repaid TO them, or that
th states which engaged the Rebellion ana uu o'
nay their shares should be required to 40 So o'u'
| ,,rolaby believed, however, tIAt 'He ld'''' ',
would ever be adopted by the thlteo SuaV' ~, 80
| no,odr~ eN pccted that the states "loh N'u .,,
| n.,,v vears in default would voluntarily pay u""
| shares into the National Treasury III t'' H'I
/ - as in several preceding Congresses the hia''o
| of reminding the tax considered ana uIsouS' 90 ~
\ If vas opposed by the senator's anu h'I.O -
| from nearly all of the states in dciaui'" ""'" - ~
| brought before the House OF Rcpfese'"'u'0'
,,or,,lc r.nort three years and there was a Ia"
| - - i,s passa,e southern Democrats hhbu~
| od o,,i,st II for DAYS. and finally causeu p','
! rnneu,ont which ultimately proved Iatn i" s
! , ,r,. renewed in the last Congress ana 4""
'..d ,rhicb provde, that the direct TAX S"'i "
,f,uded TO the states which paid II ana io'e'''" ~ ~
! states which refused to pay tlcT snao''
1vTrpNATIONAL COPYRIGHT.
p.,,. an .ubiect va. cccr mooted IN congress
'',a '' moro discussion, of which nearly All
49,, 1,,, aud Justice as well A. the equity wa VIZ
,' ia, and most Of the unrcason ana pF!n"''o v"
! tho other side than va, the case IN 'ct''u ,s
| uhiect of international copyright -" d
| boon be(ore Congress Toy years, an" INV i'''" ,,n
| -. of copyright with all the clui'ics on '"'''
! ide couId not understand why thcN "u "'' -
| .t, ., ,.a.ons were explained to thch S''''
/ ,,,r. .,c, hy The shrcwd, piacucil puN''''' '''
| aide Statesman jonathan Chtcc' l''" d.,
| pbn1e Island and chairman Of the '"Ih'"."o "a
! ,,ts Incn new tactics were al'PrN' u'' d
| - ~ ctror 10 overcome tie selfish lhnNc'c' "''
| .i, ,,,icl held tie minds and shaped the op'l'
! ~ - so,ator. and Representatives Inc Ll't N"''
! . ,~rod the sincere and hearty admiration ol c'''S
honest man and friend Of fair play when IL "ioc "l.
| tba ,tat;iicbook act of htcfh"uoh" cop, ~
! which, while ii may not be an idcai onc' az - 80,
o,uize, the right Of nan to the pIoduot oi ' o''
| ,~elI :.
| hall or lace mantle
REAPPORTIONMENT OF MEMBERS.
rr Ito first lime since the foundation oi inc "o'-
eminent ha, an act for the rcnpporonIneht OF h'p'9
| crta,ivcs in Congress been passed b! uo '""''
! in existence at the tine OF the ehih'e'''0" Va
| i,,iou for that purpose although Ohe H""''' W.
Crstit,tion apparently expected IT to be zone C"'e
~ , aid increase of population from foreign lihlli
/ ,io, AZ well as to large interstate mh-id'io'
a,'nd of ten years not only cover, large ecnc'"
| increase but may show great "u'''"''"'
OF population in particular '''''' ,,o
study of the complete returns -
| r,evcnth Census will undoubtedly prove IL i al
tbe more important, therefore, that IeHpPor.o'"'
,o,ld follow a. speedily possible ed'h u"ocHi'"
| 49, ~ order thA, that equality Of representation
IN ConHIcS & Con "titliIon wcr 80 socItouo. not %
ay ica!Ou~ may be preserved a h''iIi' a. ., t,',u
"oi cOalsc. the DcmOciuts were anAou1 - r."i -
90 the Presidential ard Congressional ere 'uol' ~, va
i-g2 certain political advantage o Win n, en, ,,Irh
| bN sCiicIHc oI INtpP'
G,id he devised ana many OF them were "IIhnE i" Nv
Couiu ""IHiost auy cost. Happily the bd-ls ana uiS
titntlon of approximation proposed by we l,,i, l"i
uiifee on the Census were - fair and cqGitme
| ,,. IN attempt defeat the bill hy a ic-pi' a. ~ IN
1,rv factics M the was not mdne' anu tc o
I',.r,c a law on February :. ENhlt I" ~ -,
| t"r""n ,rure,cntatOn VIII be affected ahpic UNIV "
| "ronare for the election, OF ncNt iriif. - ,,,.t.d
= IN re- meet to this mater the last 'pIlII 81
| ON r>amnc which it, successors may pFo'UdoS 'o
love Hereafter IN the censu, ear.
OCEAN MAILS AND FOREIGN COMMERCE.
WbiIe the List Congress DID not do all tha. II u'''
~ do in respect to the merchant marine anu 'o -
yi,,l Of American foreign commerce, 1t TOOK All i'
,, e.en IN that direction and also removed
.,,r,, which Tor many year, has marked we "o''
rcopt of the United States as the medhc'1 oic' III
,lto d nations Oi the NOIIu