davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16
spectacIes in Art.

Among the figures forming part of the
architectural decorations of the interior
of the chapel of Henry VII is one of a
saint reading book and wearing pair
of spectacles without side strips, and of
the form that used to be distinguished
by the name goggles. Such early eye
glasses were circular in form and were
fixed in rims Of leather, connected by a
waist or curved piece of the same mate
rial. Leather has elasticity enough to
hold the glasses in position ON the nose.
Such pair, probably not later than
the time of Charles II of England, is pre-
served in the British museum. These
leather trimmed goggles appear to have
been succeeded by glasses of the same
shape with rims Of tortoise shell and a
steel waist An example of the early
part of the last century, in the original
black fshskin case, shows that there
was difficulty In attaching the waist to
the rim with the requisite firmness.
Hence arose the rims with rigid waist
and side pieces for keeping the specta-
cles in position
But they were heavy and clumsy,
whether i'll tortoise shell or horn, and
the difficulty remained Of making reli-
able hinge in such brittle material. This
seems to have brought into existence
the heavy gold, silver and steel specta-
cles of our grandfathers. - jewelers.
Weekly.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16
Climbing the Aims.

The street between the wall and The
hotel was called the club room of Ter
matt, and it was there that my feelings
of respect for the cliffs and precipices ot
the Matterhorn perished. For there
heard the story of the fat German hauled
like log up the peak by four guides, the
rope tied around his waist and fastened
to his feet with aslip knot, and he swing
ing from rock to rock, suspended thou
sands of feet in the air and they never
bothering to look at him; and of the
Italian count who made the ascent with
seven guides in front, seven behind, and
one man to keep his legs straight against
the rocks; and of the boy of fourteen fol
lowing in the train of the conqueror; and
of the woman reaching the top, and then
as the guides literally ran her down
quietly sleeping all the way back from
the lower hut until the bells of the little
church in Zermatt awoke her.
And yet even the cynics who laughed
at these tales could be stirred into show
Of enthusiasm, and more than once were
we reused from our first sleep by the
ringing cheers with which the men al
the Monte Rosa greeted the return Of the
last hero of the Matterhorn. And, after
all, there are certain perils which the ex
ploiters of the Alps cannot wholly coun
teract.-Century.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16

AhOuCo as n
In a report on experiments made at the
New Jersey station with ground bones
as fertilizer. it is pointed out that
ground bone is both a phosphate and a
nitrogenous manure, insoluble in water,
but when in the soil is decomposed, and
yields its constituents to the feeding
plant in proportion to the fineness 1t
varies but little in composition. and
is less liable to adulteration than most
fertilizers. They in fact. are usually
pure.
Ground bones have tendency to cake,
and to avoid this the manufacturers may
use other substances, which, while aid
ing mechanically. reduce the chemical
value of the mixture Raw bone is most
usually pure, but the fat it contains rem
ders it less easily decomposed. Bones
having served the purpose Of the glue
maker are low in nitrogen and very high
in phosphoric acid The method now
employed of steaming the bones under
pressure improves their quality without
altering the amount Of the plant food
ingredients.
AS the value Of ground bones depends
upon composition and their fineness, a
mechanical as well as chemical analysis
is required to determine their value.
The farmer must determine by crop
tests which grade he should buy-wheth-
er. for example, pay dollar for ten
pounds Of phosphoric acid in one condi-
ton, or for eighteen and a half pounds
in another form Average wood ashes
are worth nine dollars per ton. but the
best vary considerably
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16
ostentation at Funerals.

1t is sad commentary on Christian
community, which takes that distinctive
title from a religion whose founder is
called the Consoler because his word
plucks the sting from death, that it sur
rounds death with every circumstance of
woe and gloom. The distinctive minis
try Of the faith seems to fail at the very
point to which it is especially addressed.
The natural Christian tone at the burial
of the dead would seem to be the cheer
that springs from the thought Of immor-
tahty-a sublime hope, tender resigna-
ton.
The Christian thought in that hour
should instinctively dwell upon the soul,
not upon the body, and the simplest and
most unostentatious rite of burial would
seem to be the most truly Christian. But
the ostentation Of Christian funerals has
become 80 great that burial reform asso-
Citations are formed, both in this country
and in England, to relieve the poor Of
the painful and needless cost which,
from mistaken respect for the dead, they
win not spare SO long as ostentation is
| the custom. George William Curtis =
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16
Mans Treatment of the Dog.

In nothing does social usage show such
brutal paradox as in its treatment of
the dog. 1t coddles and nurtures him
when he is worthless. 1t kills him ruth
lessly when he is valuable. 1t supports
high toned kennel clubs for his propaga-
ton, and it makes laws to destroy him
at sight. 1t licenses the brute and puts
a premium on him and it gives every
ignorant justice the power to order him
shot. 1t breaches his fidelity and affec-
ton with one breath and calls for his ex-
termination with another. There is more
superstition and ignorance associated
with the dog than with the number thir-
teen.
can take you tomorrow to half q
score Of professional dog fanciers, who
to guard your pet against hydrophobia
will undertake to extract the worm from
his tongue or to bite the last joint of his
tail off. For hundred years they have
put roll birthstone in his drinking water
as prophylactic without ever once
knowing that water does not dissolve
birthstone The dog is the best loved
and the least understood of mans brute
companions. Nym Crinkle in New York
Recorder.
The duration of raspberry plantation
depends upon the variety cultivated as
well as upon the nature of the soil and
care given the plants. Ten to fourteen
years is about the average under good
culture
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16

''And | wanted riches!' Pere Bonin
murmured, II, who have enough to eat
and drink, when here is one that died of
hungerr'
And drawing the child to him he took
him on his knee and softly began to talk
to him.
''Thy letter, my baby" said he, sis writ
ten, sent and received. Now take me to
thy mother"
"Oh, yes, will, but-but why do you
cry?" demanded Jean, astonished.
'But am not crying, Jean-no, men
never cry! 'Tis you, my precious, who
will soon do THAR
Then, straining him in his arms and
covering him with kisses: II, too, know
you, little Jean, once had mother,
whom | see even now in her bed, so pale
and white and saying to me, the image
of the Virgin resting at her head:
BONN, my son, be an honest man al
ways, and always ChristiaDr An hon
est man have been, but Christian
ah, dame'
He sprang to his feet, the child still
hugged to his breast, and speaking as if
to one invisible:
''But now, old mother, now, say, rest
thou in peace, for thou art going to have
thy way. Friends may laugh and jeer
if they will, but where thou art wish
to go, and there will | be led to this
precious angel here, who shall never
leave me again. His letter, which was
never even written, has made double
shot-it has given him a father and me
a heart"
That is all; this story without end is
done. know no more save that some
where in Paris today there is man still
young, a writer also, but not as Pere
BONN.
This man is a writer of eloquent
things
His friends still call him s.Jean," as
he called himself, and though 1 know
not, either, the name OF the postman
that carries letters like these, they al
ways reach their destination.-T
lated from the French of Paul FaYel for
Short Stories
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16
NUMBER 48
CHEESE AND BUTTER FACTORIES.
Professor Robertson Details the Business
Methods of Conducting Them.

Professor Robertson Details the Business
Methods Of Conducting Them.
Professor J. w. Robertson's sugges-
tons for starting a creamery or cheese
factory are as valuable for the United
States as for Canada He says:
The basis upon which cheese factory
or creamers may be established and the
business carried on may be. /. a private
enterprise, whereby some individual or
firm undertakes to provide buildings and
to conduct the business 2. The forma~
ton of a joint stock company or co-opera-
tive association.
In the case Of private enterprise one OF
four plans may be followed:
l. The individual or business firm,
who for the purpose Of this article viii
be called the manufacturer, may charge
such rate per pound Of cheese or butter
as may be agreed upon with the patrons
who furnish the milk or cream In con
sideration Of which the manufacturer
viii undertake and agree to manufacture
cheese or butter, as the case may be, Of
first class merchantable quality, and TO
provide all furnishings required In the
manufacture and boxing OK packing of
the same The collecting Of the milk OK
cream is sometimes done at the expense
Of the manufacturer and sometimes
these are delivered at the factory by the
patrons A different rate is charged-by
the manufacturer in the two cases.
Where the milk is collected by the man
ufacturer for cheese making the charge
ranges from two cents to two and three
quarter cents per pound or cheese, &C
cording to the quantity of the output, the
distances to be travelled collecting the
milk, and other local and particular cir
cumstances. Where cream or milk is
collected by the manufacturer for butter
making, the charge varies from three
and half cents to five cents per pound
of butter
2. The manufacturer may carry on the
business and meet ali expenses incident
thereto. in the providing of furnishings.
ETC., for stated per cent. Of the product
The disposal Of the products, whey. but
termilk or skim milk, are matters for
mutual agreement between the manu-
facturer and patrons.
8. The manufacturer may purchase the
milk or the cream from the patrons at
such a price as may be agreed upon The
price may be uniform per 100 pounds Of
milk or per unit Of cream for the whole
season, or it may vary for different
months. This plan is not recommended
as prudent one, as the market for cheese
or butter may advance to such high
prices that the patrons viii become dis
satisfied with their bargain and lose in
terest in the factory, or the market may
60 so low that the manufacturer viii be
unable to realize from the product as
much as he has agreed to pay. In either
case the factory business suffers a fair
equitable basis, with as little as possible
of the element on speculation, is safe.
4 A price for milk or unit Of cream
may be fixed on a sliding scale, accord
ing to some recognized market quotation
for milk, cheese or butter from time to
time during the season. "A unit of cream
is sometimes called creamery inch,
and should represent any quantity which
will yield one pound Of butter
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16

Vaseline spray for catarrh and throat
troubles is new thing to most OF the
members of the medical association. DR..
j. w. Moore. however, says that as long
as twenty years ago DR., Rumbold, of St.
Louis. discovered the merits Of the treat
ment. he has pursued it exer since. For
thirty years DR. Rumbold made special
study Of nose, throat and ear infamma-
tions. His conclusions were that the
usual remedies were too strong and
caused too violent reactions In expert
menting with milder methods he finally
took up yaseline and has used it to the
present time. With the other remedies
water has been used for cleansing pur-
poses.
"While water is the best thing for
keeping the outer surface Of the body
clean" Dr. Moore says, 'it is not the
thing to apply to the mucous membrane
Of the nose. That membrane nbsorba
the water and puts the patient in condi-
ton to catch cold again. The way to
clean the nose is to spray 1t with vase
line. That not only cleans, but it leaves
the membrane protected and the danger
of fresh cold is prevented OF course
the vaseline must be warmed sufficiently
tomelt. tits then applied by an atomizer,
and that is the new treatment for nose
and throat complaints. II seems mild
and simple, and SO it is. but it i taking
the place OF the more radical treatment
for catarrhal troubles. Washington
Cor. st. Louis Globe Democrat
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16

ing arms would have touched him he
fell upon the ghost like whirlwind,
tearing off the sheet, humping, pound
ing, beating and kicking, more and more
enraged at the resistance he met, which
told him the truth.
As the reader knows he was big and
Fritz was little, and while he was pun
melting the little tanner numerically
and Fritz was trying in vain to get a
lunge at Barney's stomach, to take the
wind out Of him, both plunging and
kicking like horses, they were petrified
at hearing q voice cry:
.Talke one of your size, Big Barney!n
Looking around they saw the corpse
sitting up in his coffin. This was too
much. They released each other and
sprang for the door. They never knew
how they got out, but they ran home in
hot haste, painting like stays.
1t was Barbara herself who came and
opened the door upon Ernest the next
morning
''It's very early; one more little nap,
said he, turning over in the coffin.
So she married him, and though she
sent Fritz and Barney invitations to the
wedding they did not appear II they
discovered the trick they kept the knowl-
edge to themselves, and never willingly
faced Barbara's laughing eyes again
Sheffield Telegraph.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16

PROTECTORS AGAINST CUCUMBER BEETLES
along its back, which attacks squashes.
cucumbers. melons and similar plants.
A large proportion Of these remedies are
doubtless worthless, if. indeed, not posi-
lively injurious
Obviously the only safe plan to pre-
vent injury is to fence out the insects.
OF the various forms of apparatus for
this purpose are the ones shown in the
accompanying cuts from American Gar
den The simplest method, and one
largely practiced in some Of the great
melon growing sections, is that of laying
piece Of thin cloth over the hills before
the plants are up, covering the edges of
it with loose earth This works very
well while the plants are young. but is
liable to cripple them If left on too long.
To obviate this difficulty Professor
Weed. of the Ohio experiment station,
tried various methods Of holding the
cloth up in the middle One of the sim
plest and perhaps most satisfactory
methods. according to his experiments,
IS to take two pieces of wire and put
their ends in the ground so as to form a
double arch, like the center arch of a
croquet ground Over this the cloth Is
laid, the edges being held down by loose
earth as before. and as shown in Fig. A
Or the wires mayb be twisted around each
other as shown in Fig 8. or a single long
wire may be bent as shown in Fig. 1.
A half barrel hoop makes a very good
substitute for the wire. as may be seen
in Fig.
The best cloth found for the purpose is
the lightest grade Of plant cloth sold by
seedsnen This can be purchased in
quantity for three or four cents Il yard.
and one set Of covers properly cared for
ought to last at least three seasons.
After they have been used on the early
squashes and melons they are ready for
the late cucumbers They require little
storage room between seasons
Professor Weed also tried boxes Gov
cred with thin cloth Gig p, and found
them less desirable than the cloth, be-
cause they do not admit sunshine and
air as well. so that the plants do not
grow as rapidly and vigorously When
the plant reaches the top. also. 1t cannot
lift the cloth with it. while with the
cloth alone it can raise 1t without diff
Guilty
1t is necessary to keep the covers on
until the plants have put out FIVE or six
leaves. and perhaps in case of cucumbers
and melons even longer: for the beetle
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16

Some Of the immigrants arriving in
this country are wonderfully ignorant Of
the commonest domestic appliances. A
lady who had a fit Of economy not long
ago concluded to get fresh arrival from
Castle Garden, hoping by her wise man
agement to train the girl into capable
servant Biddy arrived. stout and will
ing and rosy, and with mouth wide open
in surprise at the novelties surrounding
her on every side On being taken to
the stairs to 60 up to her room she
stopped suddenly. "And is it up thin
things that oi'll have 10 gog' she said.
panic stricken
She explained that ii was the first time
that she had ever seen staircase She
overcame her fear speedily. however, for
the next morning the entire family were
awakened by sound that rese1nbled the
prancing OF a war horse fastening 10
investigate the cause, the irritated mas
ter of the house discovered Biddy raring
up and down the wooden staircase in the
abandonment OF her joy at having ais-
covered the ''hang Of it. ''shnre. she
said, sic Is an illigant amusement. -
New York Tribune.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16
THE INSTRUCTOR.
we meet with Love in al his beauty

Not till we meet with Love in all his beauty,
In all his solemn majesty and worth,
Can we translate the meaning Of lifes duty,
Which God oft writes in cipher at our birth.
Not till Love comes in all his strength and ter
ror
Can we read others hearts, nor till then
know
A wide compassion for all human error,
Or sound the quivering depths of mortal woe.
Not till we sail with him DER stormy oceans
Have we seen tempests; hidden in his hand
He holds the keys to all great emotions;
Till he unlocks them, none can understand.
Not till we walk with him on lofty mountains
Can we quite measure heights. And, oh, sad
truth
When once we drink from his immortal foun-
tains,
We bid farewell to the light heart of youth.
Thereafter our most perfect day will borrow
A dimming shadow from some dreaded night,
So great grows joy it merges into sorrow,
And evermore pain tinctures our delight.
Ella Wheeler Wilcox in New York World.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16

Frequent change of food diminishes
the waste OF fat in the SKINNED milk.
A cow is less liable to disease than
almost any other farm animal
A new invention for cooling butter is
reported It consists in suspending above
the butter worker while in motion a
cone shaped pan filed with Ice and salt
The ice water from this pan sprays upon
the butter while the worker il revolving,
The effect is to make everything about
there as cool as the neighborhood Of an
iceberg
II is not necessary to work butter
twice, il you do it right the first time.
Stop the churn when the butter is in the
granular state. Sift the salt into it
that is, if you use the dry salt Then in
half an hour work or roll the salt care
fully and thoroughly in, and your work
is dona There is less chance OK streak
ing fhe butter or tainting u if thus
saltel and packed at once than II ycu
leave II till next day
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16


Il want to show You the effects of con
slant training" said local military en-
thusiast
We were standing on Whitehall street
you see those two regulars from Nc
Pherson barracks coming this way, said
he, pointing toward two private soldiers
from the barracks. They were walking
very rapidly, but with as regular ster
as though on dress parade.
''Now watch them. viii give com
mand as they come up and III bet cigar
they instinctively obey it."
''It's bet"
just as they passed us my companion,
in deep, commanding voice said:
"Fours left; marchl'
Asquick as flash the regulars wheeled
to the curbstone. Then they caught
themselves, looked around, smiled and
went on.-Atlanta Constitution.
Gloucester County Democrat. (Woodbury, N.J.) 1878-1932, 1891-07-16
GoULD's READY MONEY.


He Can Create a Panic Amy Time b,
Withdrawing S12, ,oOo. 900.
How much is Jay Gould worth?
His contemporaries, associates and crit
les put him down at about $3.50, 600, 900.
suppose it is not much exaggerated. VIZ
know, who are brokers and in the bank
ing business here, the influence of hi
ready money. He has got the best mon
ey in the country; it is all liquid money
What do you mean by liquid money
Money which flows like a liquid-likt
quicksilver, according to the inclina
ton, up or down. The Astors, for ex
ample, do not have liquid money; theil
money is in real estate, upon which they
could not realize in tight times as vel
as in easy times. But Gould's money il
here in time of panic as readily as in
flush times
Almost any time he can withdraw
from the market $12, 900, 900, or can keer
it loaned. Now, the bank surplus il
only s1O.00O.OO0. So you see the pro
digious power that money has in the
mere ebb and flow of it. When Mr.
Gould withdraws it. as he is said to do,
though I have no knowledge on the sub
ject, the times are terribly tight here.
Up goes the rate of interest Men with
obligations are ready to pay almost any
thing. This money comes to him in the
nature of his property.
His property is always earning money
in cash. If he resolves to purchase some
costly piece Of property, like the Union
Pacific railroad, he may put his money
out to let interest accumulate upon it.
He is not, however, a money lender in
the sense of Russell Sage, who lends
money to earn money. Mr.. Gould lends
money with an object in view, in the
nature Of large merchant. Yet he is
without the conditions of such mana
polite person
A friend of mine not long ago bor-
rowed 81 900, 900 from him in the midst
of the panic. This man did not conceal
his temporary necessity, but said to Mr..
Gould, or rather wrote to him, that
whatever interest he was minded to ask
would be satisfactory. He says that
Gould said to him, "Go along until you
get through, and we will see about the
rate then" When they came to settle
all that Gould asked him was ordinary
interests per cent. Such things he
does quietly without further remark,
and hence many persons who are not
very intimate with him, but have had
exchanges of that kind to take place,
think of him with as much respect as
they speak of him.
1t must be remembered, however, that
he has not lived this lifeand encountered
long hostility and abuse to become a
mere philanthropist. He is a gigantic
merchant in transportation Gath" in
Cincinnati Enquirer.