davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1891-09-15
FLOODS IN SPAIN.
a Large Extent Of Country Inundated.
Thousands Rendered Homeless.

MADRID, Sept 14.-Serious foods and
storms are reported in various parts of
Spain, and railway communication is inter-
rupted at several points. The Amarguillo
has overflowed its banks, destroying the
town of Consuegra and flooding several
villages The work of relieving the desti-
tute in the flooded distric is is very difficult.
Floods have derailed train near Castillego
and one person was killed and three in
jured. A house collapsed at Toledo and six
persons were crushed to death. Many peo-
pie were drowned
Official kilograms report 1900 persons
having perShed i'll the destruction of Con-
suegra by the overflow of the Amargillo.
Hundreds of others were injured by falling
buildings and enormous numbers Of cattle
perished. At other places many persons
stroyed.
The Cabinet met to-day and decided to
take measures for the relief of the destitute.
News comes in slowly from the flooded dis
trct, each succeeding dispatch adding to
the public sadness.
Fresh floods are reported in Almeria and
Rada Jose. -Four hundred houses were de-
stroyed in Almeria and many families are
homeless.
Five hundred houses are in ruins at Con-
suegra and the occupants were buried
under the debris. Two hundred bodies
have already been recovered. Many per-
sons are dying of hunger.
The moment the Queen received the news
she sent the Superintendent of the Palace to
Madrid and thence 10 Consuegra to dis
tribute money, clothes and provisions
among the sufferers, aud she herself gave
$40, 900 to start a relief fund.
The morning call., 1891-09-15
PERSIA'S TROUBLE.
An Impending Revolution iD the Shah'S
Domain.

New YORK, Sept 14-Edmund Yates
cablegram to the Tribune from London
says: If what hear be true, and the in
formation comes from an unusually reliable
source, public attention is likely to be very
soon diverted from Iquique to Ispahan, for
a revolution at the present moment is slowly
but surely brewing in Persia, and the break
ing of the political storm is not likely to be
long delayed. The revolutionary moveme MT
is national in its character. Priests and
students are to a man in the camp OF
the Progressionists, and the prevailing
discomfort is being industriously famed by
paper called 1.-THE Kahn" or Law"
which is printed in Europe and widely dis
seminated throughout every part OF the
Shah's dominion. The personal unpopu-
larity of the Shah grows apace, and his sons
are watching the events with no small
anxiety. His present youthful Grand Vizier
is a child Of nurse, and Nasreddin is now
anxious 10 make obnoxious the boy who
figured so prominently III the pageants OF
1889 as Minister of War.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stanley are expected by the
King of the Belgians at Chalet Royal, Us
tend, on October I'd. A fortnight later they
set out for Australia.
With the single exception of the Duke of
Richmond and Gordon, who has given way
to the popular feeling, all Scotch landlords
who have been fighting lately. with the gen.
eral public over the rights way, have
brought action to interdict against the indi
viduals who have been infringing on their
alleged rights.
Mr.. Riddell. the proprietor of the famous
Break Hall stud in Renfrewshire, has just
sold fifty pedigree Clydesdale sires for ex-
portaton to the United States.
Prince George of Wales is not going to
pass the winter either in India or Ire
land, although the papers will in
sst in sending him to both countries.
On the expiration of Prince Georges leave,
he is to be appointed to the Anson, the flag
ship of the Channel Squadron.
The Duke of Cleveland has left Lord
Barnard, as the male heir of the Vane FAM
lily. his estates in Durham and Shropshire,
which bring in a net income of quite $780,
COO year, and he gets Raby Castle and
house in ST. James square,
The morning call., 1891-09-15

shore. 1t might easily be defended, with
Suincient land Notifications and batteries,
ana certainly with t0rped0es, against the
strongest naval force. The passage has, in-
oeed, been more than once gained in spite
OF Turkish opposition, notably by a British
SQUADRON under Admiral Duckworth, and by
Russian squadron in the wars of the last
century; but it is probable that modern ar
tillery, if well placed and directed, would
make 1t an impossible attempt. The town
OF Galllpoli lies on the European side of the
Dardanelies, at the northwestern extremity
Oh the straits, few miles below the point
where they begin to expand into the Sea of
Marmora. The tongue of land on which
Gallipoii stands is b0rdered on the west and
north by the Egean Sea, on the east
and south by the Dardanelles. The breadth
OF the peninsula varies from four to twelve
miles, the narrOwest part being al Bulalr,
few miles north of Gallipoli. The town is
distant about 100 miles in a straight line
across the sea of Marmora from Constanti-
n0ple, and ten miles less from Adrlanople.
COULD BE HELD.
The whole peninsula could be easily held
Dy comparatively small force supported
by fleet on the adjacent seas, since the
only access to it by land is along the mar
row neck where the ground is extremely
favorable for local defense In 1854 Gal
lIpoli was occupied by the English troops.
The town is a collection of red-roofed
above them. A range of hills running par
allel to the coast line affords convenient
facilities for pitching q healthy camp. The
population of the town is from 10000 to
5000, chiefly composed of Turks. Jews and
Greeks.
The unique geographical position of Con-
stantinoplr at the southwestern entrance to
this remarkable maritime channel, which
connects the Sea of Marmora. and thereby
also the Egean and the Mediterranean
with the Black Sea, has always been ad-
mired. The Bosphorus, as well as the Hell
lespOnt or Darda neles, strait bearing
some points of resemblance to the Bos-
phorus at the western extremity of the Sea
of Marmora, divides the continent of Eu-
rope from that of Asia. 1t must ever con-
tinue to be, as it has been In all pRst ages. a
locality of great commercial and political
importance The Imperial Government of
ancient Rome had chosen the Greek Byzan-
tium under the now name of Constantine
pie for the metropolis of its eastern do
mlnion. A separate empire Of the East,
Greek by nationality and social civilization,
Christian in religious profession. but still
The morning call., 1891-09-15
Mdp Of Me BoSphorus.

DNSfD'so'
Galata. the quarters of the town allotted to
Christian inhabitants or foreigners.
ON THE AsIATIC SHORE.
Opposite this, on the Asatic shore, is the
town of Scutari, which was founded in very
ancient times by the Persian conquerors Of
Asia Minor. They gave it a name signify
ing 'the Post Town." as it was either the
starting point or the first stage of a line of
couriers between remote parts of the Per-
sian Empire; but the Greeks called it Chrys-
Opolis, from the gold brought here in pay
ment OF tribute. Scutari is a flourishing
township with an hourly steamboat COM
munlcation across the strait, one mile wide,
to the capital city. 1t contains eight
mosques and the vast suburban cemetery, in
which half a million of deceased Turks lie
buried, every tombstone Of male adult
being distinguished by the ornament of
turban carved at its summit; but there is
also plllared monument of Sultan
Mahmoud's favorite horse
The bay and port Of Buyukdere, opposite
Mahdlar Bournou, demand atten ton. Here
Is the summer palace of the Russian Em-
bassy, with its beautiful gardens. The
wooded hills behind the village present
some delightful walks or rides through the
forest of Belgrade, and tile reservoirs and
aqueducts, constructed by Sultan Mahmoud
in 1872 to supply the northern suburbs of
Constantnople with water, are works of re-
markable magnitude. North of Buyukdere
and the Giants Mountain the prospect is
smut off by lofty mountain raDges-the ter
minatlng heights of the H8mus and Olym-
pus groups, respectively, in Europe and in
ASIA. They approach near to each other at
the two opposite points of lands. which the
Greeks of the empire called Heron and
Serapion.
GOLDEN FLEECE EXPEDITION.
The mythical hero Of the Golden Fleece
expedition here set up affairs in honor of
the twelve Olympic deities on his return
from Colchis. Temples of Zeus and Posei-
don-otherwise named Jupiter and Nep-
tune-were in due time erected by the
Greeks on the promontory Of Heron. while
those OF Scraps ana Cybele. rising over the
way, attested the piety of Asiatic worship
ers. This part of the strait was the scene
OF many sharp conflicts between the Byzan-
tine forces and those of the barbarian ma
tions, Goths, Huns, Hemli, Varangians Tor
Franks. Russians aud Tartars invading the
Eastern Empire in the fourteenth CEN
tury the adventurous Gen0ese, who had
already taken possession of a suburb Of
Constantlnope and had established their
colonies on the Black Sea coasts, held the
custody Of this passage. They beat off the
Venetians and other commercial rivals,
built castle on each shore and stretched
an iron chain across the strait, forbidding
any vessel to pass without paying toll and
asking their permission.
But the Gen0ese possessions here as else
where passed hundred years later to the
Turkish Sultan and have since continued in
Turkish SuZerainty
The morning call., 1891-09-15

for its delightful and healthy climate. With
the advantage of its strong situation and
good harbOr it soon became one of the most
powerful Greek cities of Asia Minor. 1t
was the only Eolan city that possessed a
strong navy. Its colonies were spread along
Asia Minor and Thrace, and in the sixth
century it maintained long, though finally
unsuccessful contest with Athens for the
possession of Sigeum. About its internal
government little is known. After the king
ly period there was a time when oligarchical
and demOcratical factions contended with
one another. The noble family of the PEN
thelid8, descended from Penthilus. son of
Orestes, played great part in these con-
tenti0ns. Its PelOpid descent may be COM
pared with various legends that connect
Pelops with the island of Lesbos. The city
fell under the Persian power after the de-
feat of Cr9sus. A tyrant. Goes, ruled 1t
soon after, but was expelled when the
island Joined the Ionic revolt in 500 B. G.
1t was
FREED FROM THE PERSIAN YOKE
After the battles of Plate and Mycale, and
was member Of the Delian confederacy.
1t reyolted from Athens 429 B. C. and was re-
duced after long siege. The story of the
cruel revenge which the Athenian Assem-
bly, at first resolved on. of the second meet
ing and the more merciful resolution. and
of the arrival of the second dispatch
vessel barely in time to prevent the mas
The morning call., 1891-09-15

sacre of the whole male population has
been told by Thucydides. The territory of
Mitylene was, however divided among the
Athenan clergy. The harbOr was the
scene of great battle between Callicfatidas
and COnon in the Latter part of the Pelopo-
nesian war; but it is impossible here to
trace all the vicissitudes of its history.
which are coincident with the history of
Greece in the East. 1t continued to be a
rich and prosperous city throughout ancient
history, and its name came during the By
Zantine period to be applied to the whole
island. 1t was long a stronghold of the
Venetians during the Middle Ages, but has
belonged to the Turkish empire since AGO.
ITS CHEF TOWNS.
The other chief towns besides Mitylene
were Methymua, Antissa, Eresus and Pyr-
rha; hence the island is sometimes called q
Pentapols. There was also town called
Arisba, which was destroyed by an earth
quake before the time of Herodotus; Come
finds its site inland at Palaiokastro, north
east of the Port of Calloni. Pyrrha lay on
the southeast coast of this port, at place
also called PalaiOkastro. Antissa, near
Sigrium, was destroyed by the Romans In
16S b. c., as having sided with Perseus in
the Macedonian war. Eresus. now Eresi,
was also near Sigrium. OF these five cities
Mitylene was the chief; Pyrrha, EresuS and
Antissa were under its influence. and seem
almost always TO have followed its lead.
But Methymna on the north coast, though it
had not such a fine situation as Mitylene,
The morning call., 1891-09-15
THE DARDANELLEs.

One of the Most Important Sea Passages
of the World.
The Straits of the Dardaneles, anciently
named the Hellespont, one of the most fam
Gus and important narrow sea passages
in the world. is the outer gate of
maritime entrance to the Euxine or Black
Sea, as the Bosphorus, 13O miles further
east by north. is the interior gate, the Pro-
points, OF Sea of Marmora, a land-locked
piece of water, being the vestbule that lies
between them. In naval and military
point Of view they may be considered Of
equal importance to the general interest of
the world. but the closing of the Bosphorus
against Russian fleet descending from the
Black Sea Is counterbalanced, apparently,
by the shutting of the Dardanelles against
fleet in tho Mediterranean belonging
either to Great Britain. or to France, or to
Austria, or to Italy, supposing any or all Of
these powers to be at war with Russia.
The Dardanelles Is a strait fifty or sixty
miles In length and from two to four miles
wide, having deep channel that frequently
approaches close to the European or Asiatic
The morning call., 1891-09-15

said the latter, "bstween this port nd
Russia, so there would be no occasion
to notify US. or course, in the event Of
serious complications we would probably be
instructed to put English vessels on their
guard, as in the event of war our merchant
marine would in all likelihood be attacked.
As to the reported seizure of the island, it
certainly has war-lke look, and you may
be sure that the ministry knew what they
were doing. There are in diplomacy. as
conducted in Europe, such a variety Of
wheels within wheels that it is difficult for
a person op the outside to pass an opinion
upon the moves that are made from time to
time. OF one thing you NAV be assured,
however. and that is that if England has
taken the step indicated in the press dis
patches, she is not likely to recede from her
position, come what may. No amount of
clustering will suffice. fancy, to drive her
from the island, If once in her possession"
The morning call., 1891-09-15

sistance collapsed. the integrity of the Dar-
danelles was violated. not for the first time.
The London Conference OF 1871 had in
some measure restored to Russia the rights
she enjoyed before the Crimean war. By
this revision Russia gained the right to
build and maintain feet in the Black Sea.
Then ensued calm till the Herzegovina out
break of 1875. This gave Russia certain
recognition of civic rights in Turkey. In
1874 4 difficulty between Turkey aud Mon
tenegro occurred, which first brought out
the secret league of the three Emperors OF
Russia. Austria and Germany to act in con-
cert in all Turkish affairs. England was
greatly afraid nf this league, but prudently
waited till 1877, while the resources of dip
lomacy of the existing Drebund were being
exhausted in assuaging the troubles in Ser
via and Montenegro, and finally in Bull
garia. Russia discerned an opportunity in
the agitation among English Liberals on the
atrocities in Bulgaria, and went 10 war with
Turkey.
The trouble. so far as England was con-
cerned, was not a mere sentimental one.
England had reaped nothing from the
Crlmean war except the Russian courtesy
of caring for the dead on Cathcart's Hill.
But the SueZ Canal interests forbade pas
sage of the Darnanelles by the Russian war
ships, and the victory of the Russian
troops, which was perceived in London
even while the brilliant defense of Pleyna
The morning call., 1891-09-15

was exciting the widest hopes Of the Turco-
phites, did not blind Beaconsfeld or Sails
bury.
Even when Adrianople had fallen they
perceived in the proposals OF GortSchakOff
and Schouvaloff the same idea formulated
by the Gar Nicholas in 1853-that the sick
man of Turkey was in a bad way, and that
England and Russia might as vel! divide
the estate.
Boiled right down to the bones the propo-
tion is this: Russia finds herself checked
in the advance on India by the treachery OF
Persia, the hostility of Beluchistan, the
venality of Afghaaistan and the avowed
friendship Of China for Great Britain.
Baffied on he Oxus and the Amoor Rus
sia turns once more to Constantinople. of
which Mitylene is the present key. 1t is
not long days sail from Beska Bay to
Mitylene, and the conditions of 1878 are
almost exactly repeated in 1891.
The morning call., 1891-09-15

ALBANY On. ". Sept. 1.-THE first road
production of Archibald Clavering Gum
thers dramatization of his famous novel,
" Mr.. Potter of Texas" occurred tonight
at the Leland Opera House in the presence
Of large and, before the play was
ended, enthusiastic audience. Mr..
Frank w. Sanger, whose company pre-
sented the drama, occupied box with
Mr.. Gunther. The stage settings were
magnificent, being entirely new. The per-
formance was one OF the most even and per-
feet ever given In this city. Joseph Wheel
ock. in the title role, was enthusiastically
received, and Miss Joana Ferry Lewis,
who assumed the leading female role, was
called before the curtain. Maurice Drew.
Frank Aiken, Miss Lee Lamar and May
Haines also scored success. The company
leaves for the West Wednesday night.
The morning call., 1891-09-15
CAUSE OF THE TROUBLE.

An Outlet for Russian War-Vessels on
the Mediterranean.
In one sense Russia has every aspect of
right on her side. She has but two outlets
for her commerce, the North Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea. The former, being
largely blockaded by ice and closely COM
peted for in the open season. is virtually use
less; it is only in the Mediterranean and
through the Mediterranean that Russia can
hope to hold up her head among the powers
of Europe.
The Crimean campaign struck her in a
vital point. She was stripped of her navy.
Sebastopol was blown up, the passage Of
the BosphOrus and the Dardanelles was de-
MED to the war-vessels of all nations, and
Russia in particular, Russia being the only
one that could profit by the opening. In the
last days of 1877, when the Turkish re-
The morning call., 1891-09-15
The psfenses of Canada.

OTTAWA. Sept. IA British army officer
on his way to Inspect the defenses of Brit
ish Columbia says his Government intends
to strengthen the defenses of Canada on
both oceans and along the frontier on the
St Lawrence and Great Lakes, and that
the ships and armaments of the Atlantic
and Pacific squadrons will be greatly
strengthened. At Halifax the British Gov
ernment is building immense Notifications.
He says the general belief in England is
that trouble with the United States is
inevitable.
The morning call., 1891-09-15
THE ISLAND OF LESBOS.

The rty-fourth Key to the Commerce
of the World.
Lesbos was the name applied by the
Greeks to the island now called Metilin-
the ancient name of the chief city on the
island. Mytilene, having been in the Middle
Ages applied to the whole island. 1t lies
along the coast of Mysia, north of the en-
trance to the Gulf of Smyrna. Strabo esti-
mates its circumference as HOO stadia, about
The morning call., 1891-09-15
POOR CROPS.
Harvest Prospects in the North Of Europe
Unfavorable.

odEfe5L 1IOspeCLs III LIS NOJIu Ol EUROPE
Unfavorable.
LONDON, Sept 14-It is authoritatively
stated in the north of Europe that the har-
vest prospects are deplorable; that bread
has already gone up so per cent, and that
famine prices are feared for the winter. In
Central Sweden the result of the constant
rain has been to lay some of the lower val
leys for some weeks under water. In Dem
mark the condition of things is no better.
and in both countries the wheat crop is re-
ported to be entirely destroyed. Unfor-
tunately the damage is not confined to
wheat, which is the least important Of Sean
dinavian cereals.
The agricultural losses in Denmark are
estimated at S15,000.0 and as one-half
the cultivated area in Sweden is under
water, the loss there, though no estimate
mas been made of it, can hardly be less.
Hitherto these countries have maintained, in
good years, something like balance be-
tween their exports and imports of bread
stuffs, sending away oats and barley and
receiving wheat and rye. Their cOntribu-
tions to the European market must ap-
parently fail entirely this year, and by the
general scarcity they themselves must suf-
fer under the failure of the Russian rye
The morning call., 1891-09-15
At Coney Island.

NEW YORK. Sept. 14.-At Gravesend L. L.
track TO day the winners were:
One mile, Bellevue won. India Rubber second,
TerIfer third. Time, 1 :44
Six iurlOngs, Yorkvie won, Lamp-lighter sec
ond, Florian third. Time, 1:l6.
Oriental handicap, one and quarter miles,
English lady won, Raceland second, Demuth
third. Time, 2:08.
Four furlongs, Tringle won. NataIia second.
Harding third. Time, O:491a.
Four turlongs. AIrpant won. NJ. Kisoh second,
Billet DieuX third. Time. 0:o0.
One and a sixteenth miles, Vlrgl won, Celia
second, BallyhOo third. Time, 1:49s4.
The morning call., 1891-09-15
Rain or No Paw.

OGDEN Utah). Sept 14.-MeIbourne, the
rain-maker, commenced this morning an ex-
pertinent to bring rain at Kelton, ninety
two miles west Of Ogden. He says he will
bring the rain within four days. He has
entered into contract with the parties en-
ploying him by which he is to deliver half
an inch of rain or no pay. The Signal Ser-
vice predicted rainy weather. but all ap-
pearance of the fulfllment af the prediction
has disappeared. Melbourne's operations
are watched with great interest.
The morning call., 1891-09-15
A RUSSIAN VIEW.

The Reports Thought to Have Been
Much Exaggerated.
Vladimir Artsimovitch, the Russian Con-
sui, had received no advices from his Gov
ernment, and was inclined to think no mat
ter whether the report was true or not he
would not be notified.
my impression" he said, sis that the
first report is exaggerated, and when the
truth is known it will be found that it is as
some one suggests that man-of-war merely
landed number of men for the purpose
of drill If they have really taken pos
session of the island it is likely that some
complications may arise, but just W hat the
outcome would be it is impossible evan to
cnniacturan
The morning call., 1891-09-15
MILE A MINUTE.
The New York Central Eclipses AL Previous
Railroad Renorde

The New York Central Eclipses AL Previous
Railroad Records.
BUFFALO On. ", Sept 1.-THE New
York Central to-day broke all records of
fast time for long runs of passenger trains
on railwa VS. on either side of the Atlantic.
A special train composed Of one of the COM
pany's new standard passenger engines,
weighing 100000 pounds, and three private
cars, weighing 100000 pounds, conveying
Vice President Webb and party. made run
of 436h miles from New York to East But
falo in 440 minutes, including three stops,
one of which occupied 711s minutes. The
eclipse of previous efforts Of the kind is
complete; norhing approaching such feat
has ever before been accomplished in Amer
lea or Europe as speeding along for over
seven consecutive hours at more than a
mile-a- minute gait.
The morning call., 1891-09-15
A Claim Against Prussia.

BERLIN. Sept. IA sensational suit for
heavy damages has been brought against
Prussia by Prince Joseph of Colloredo, a
member of the Herrenhaus of Austria and
other heirs of the famous Mansfield family.
One century and a half ago the Mansfield
family was one of the wealthiest and
included the town of Mansfield. Elsben,
Saugerhausen and Helbstedt. The greater
part of the country, however, included the
larger towns, and was divided between
Prussia and the electorate of SaxoDy. In
estates of Colloredo. The Mansfelds now
claim that Prussia has no right to the land,
and insist upon an accounting since 1880.
The morning call., 1891-09-15
American Association.

ST. LOUIS, Sept. 14.-St. Louis I, Bal
timores 4.
COLUMBUS, Sept. 14.-Columbus 10, Wash
ingtons 2.
MILWAUKEE, Sept 14.-The game between
the Athletics and Milwaukees was postponed
on account Of rain.
LOUISVILLE, Sept 14-LOuisvilles 7. Bos-
tons 8.