The morning call., 1891-12-05

assuming the governme It July 23l and
July IS, 1871, was solemnly crowned Enc
perOr of Brazil.
On September 4, 1S43 he married Princess
Theresa Carolina Maria de Bourbon, daugh-
Ter oil Francis l, KING OF the Two SicileS.
Soon after assuming the Government, Pedro
dissolved the Brazilian Parliament, hut this
measure Occasloned innumera Bile d difficulties.
There were instructions in Sac Paulo In
1o41, which General Caxias repressed with
yiGor, but in 1912 the province of Minas
Geraes offered a more serious resistance,
until the lnsurgent army of 5000 men was
completely routed at Santa Lucia. In 1S4S
the Liberals made another attempt at revo-
luton at Pernambuco, but after that time
Brazil enjoyed internal peace until the re-
cent evolutionary uprising which took from
Dom Pedro his sovereignty and sent him
an exile to die in foreign lands. The En-
peror steadily increased the power of Brazil,
and numerous internal improve ments were
carried on throughout the empire.
Dom Pedro was a man of literary and
scientific attaihments, and lie developed the
commercial prosperity of the country, and
founded schools, colleges and universities
By, decree issued September 4. 1850. he
forbade the sale of slaves in the interior of
his domnlons. and thus avoided difficulties
with England. In 1852 he afforded aid to Gen
eral UrQuiZa and enabled him to overthrow
the Argentine dictator, Rosas, Brazil gaining
an increase of territory and the free nayiga-
took extensive Journeys through the prov
inces of the empire to inquire into their
wants, and in 1862 difficulty with England
was arranged by the arbitration of King
Leopold OF Belgium. In 1865, in conjunc-
tlon with the Argentine and Uraguayan
republics, he declared war against Para
quay, and personally assisted in the opening
camraign. receiving in September of that
year the surrender of the Paraguayan army
OF 10,0 600 mem at Uraguayana.
n tha -
Amazon River to all nations. During the
war with Paraguay he refused repeatedly to
treat with Lopez, and by his energy created
new resources to forward re.enforcements to
the front. The peace of June 90 1870 gave
to Brazil an increase of territory. Under Dom
Pedro's influence the Parliament voted on
August %, 1871, preliminary measure for
the emancipation of the slaves. A few
months before. in May, the Emperor had
embarked for Europe, and visited England
sessions of the Geographical Society, of
which he became member in 1868. He
sailed again for Brazil March Is 1872, but
In 1876 lie undertook new journey, visiting
the United States on the occasion of the
Centennial Exhibition, and travelling through
Europe. the Holy Land and Egypt return.
ing September "a, 1877, to Petropolis.
In 1874 difficulty with the ecclesiastical
dlgnitaries eliminated in the condemnation
OF the Bishops of Olinda and Para TO four
Ouj lHc dlleI
giving the church a proof of his hrmuess,
pardoned them in 1876. In 1887 he again
visited Europe in order to repair his shat
tered health, and during his absence his
daughter label was appointed regent of the
empire. He was one of the most enlightened
mOnarchs of the nineteenth century. He
spoke and wrote the Portuguese, French.
English, German, Spanish and Italian lam
guages fluently and correctly; was a liberal
patron of the fine arts, letters and
science, and of every branch of in
dustry and commerce, and was also
an associate member of the French Acad-
emy of Sciences. During his reign and
through his influence, Brazil steadily grew
in power and Importance. The national
finances were in a prosperous condition.
railways were built, and telegraph and
cable lines were extended in every direction.
The free navigation of the rivers of the
country was promoted, slavery abolished,
and free education made almost universal
throughout the empire. He was deposed by
bloOdless revolution in November, 1889,
but had he maintained his sovereignty, his
heir and only daughter, label Christina
Leopoldina Augusta, would have succeeded
him. She is the wife of Prince Louis Phil
ippe d'Orleans, Count d'Eu