davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
OFFICIAL.
BOARD OF ALDERMEN

At regular meeting of tho Board OF Aldermen
held May 12, 1891, there were present Vim.
Ii. Marbury esq., President, and Messrs. Lind,
sey, Burke, Bryant Hinken Mckenzie and Good
| rich
The following wore received from the Common
| Council and their action concurred in; viz. The
report of the Finance Committee recommending
the additional appropriations for courts and Jais
| $500, streets $60), chain gang $2OO; also tho
| same committees report upon the resolution 70
have Oronoco, Princess, Queen aud West streets
made ready for curbTg and guttering also the
came committees report upon the request Of the
Co mltee on Streets relating TO tho sewer in the
southw west section Of the city; also the resolution
directing the Collector OF Taxes OF tho Southern
District to cell at public snction on June ~,
1891 certain pro oerty in his district and direct
ing the Corporation Attorney to enter suit to re-
cover the amount due the city for ground rent on
the ground on which the Pioneer Mills stand also
the communication from his honor the Mayor
notifying Council of the vacancy In tho office OF
the superintendent OF Gas occaaioned by the
death of the late Jacob Ro1bury also the COM
muuicstion fom the Clerk OF the City School
Boai d, notifying Council Of a vacancy in said
board caused by ,hs retirem snt OF I. D. Fendall,
who has removed from the First ward; slso the
Communication from @. Kicher relating TO the
fence between Penny Hip and his property
also the commun cstion from W. Il. May calling
attention to the alley running through the square
bounded by King, Cameron, Pitt aud ut. AsaPh
streets also the resolution directing the Market
Master deliver to W.Shock sll ghts and meas.
ures belonging to the city and now in his custody;
also the petition for the appointment of 8 Hsrbor
Master also IAN ordinsncs for imposing and col.
lecting licenses within the city of Alexandra fol-
the year commencing on the LIST day Of June,
1891 and Guiding on the 31ssdsy Of May, 1892;
also IAN ordinance for imposing and collecting
taxes on persons, property, income, etc, within
city of Alexandria, Va, for the year commencing
on the LIST Of June 1891, and ending on the 31st
of May, 1892"
The board then adjourned.
Teste: MI VINCENT. Clerk.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
a lex A N u r I A. V Z
WEDNESDAY EVENING. MAY 13.

THE ESPECIAL and peculiar restrictions im-
posed by this country upon the Chinese ana
the browning insult offered China by appoint
INC as minister to that country man VINO
had yilifiad and reviled her people on the
floor of the q. e. Senate are producing Ine'r
legitimate effect. & line OF steamers ns'
been established between China and bti.'sis
Columbia. and San Francisco is alarmeu ieet
tbe whole of the valuable Chinese traoe o.
that port be speedily diverted to Victoria
England treats China with the same respect
she accords ether foreign nations. Ids
ccunt.y. Cd The contrary. treats her ss 40
infsrior entitled to little or no respect. Inc
Chinese are peaceful people, but they are
human. and are visa enough not to resent
the insults offered them by this country Win
force. but In fsr more effective way upon
p people 40 absorbed 10 money making as
;ncse o. the Ucitsd Siates-a way that Will
restrict .hslr trade, and consequently lessen
their profits.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

Mr.. MCKINLEY says: The party to
which belong has declared that the tariff
should be So levied as so give employment
TO American labor" And yet the party re-
farred to permits thousands OF foreign la
b3rers to come TO this country almost every
day in the year. to take tbs places Of the
American lshorers who strike for incrs assd
wages. And it slso, by the bieh tariff
it imposes on the nscesssries of life, doubles
the plics Of tae articles which American le-
borers have TO buy in order to lve.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
lag so.

The RECENT decision of the U. s. Supreme
Court to the efsct that State is not pro-
hibited from tsxiag the Pullman cara that
lu1 through lis territory, will probably In
duce sill the other States TO follow the exam
pie of Pennsylvania sad impose tax upon
such cars SIS those referred to. Before the
decision was rendered Mr. Pullman ayowed
his intaniiou of contributing largely 10 the
fund to be used in the effort that will b.
made to bug the renomins:ion Of Mr.. Ear-
rsop, aud bis reelection, If reuomlaated, but
whether he will make that avowsl good now
chat the highest court 10 which he csn ap'
psal hss spoken, has become matter o.
doubt
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

TIE LATE killing of some railway pos'ai
clerks by railroad accident has started ts'E
nbous peusioning persons engaged 10 the pcs
tai ssryics. AS this country Is wild On the
subj ot Of pensions, it would not be Is ei'
eurprisirg If such talk be material:zed. ou'
WHY man who strives for q place, who
holds it Ia thu light OF pre-, and for which
th arc are SCORES Of applicants, aud who IL
perfectly aware eE Its dsugers before be np'
piss for it, sbosia have q greater claim upon
the government than soy other citizen CT
the country, is what few can tell. His work
ss entirely voluntary, and he cen gait it at
any time, With the certainty that at least
[ioz n o,h4r m 30 are ready and anxious to
take the place, open the condition that no
pension shall no attached to 1t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

If Mr.. BLAINE, after all OF MIR. Earrison's
patent Efforts to secure denomination, shall
obtain the empsy prizs OF the first place Oh
the next republican Presidential ticket, be
will be compelled, either to repudiste the
opinion he expressed Of the Mckinley bill
wnen be smee haG bis hat 10 emphas 70 his
objection 10 chat bill and ssid it would not
increase the sale Ct tariei of American
pork or hushel Of American corn, or else
he will have &c make the national republi.
eau convention frame its platform go ss to
accprd With those views
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

The SAME oisss u people who esponsed
IN, osnss of Rsg. Da. NsIton and Raics-
ford, of the Episcopal Church, far disabeg-
ing the orders of that charch, are now de-
Tending Reg Dr. Bisgs, CT ths Pfeshytssiap
uroh, for denying the tenets Of that
ohn,eh. Toe cass of man referred TO ere
70 wiss. This is fee country. and If tbs
preachers mentioned DO no. like either the
form, or tbs doctrines of the churches to
which they celoag. they should relinqaish
their membership thereof and join other
churcbos with which they are more iu &C
cord. I. is bad tsste in them to remain In
churches with which they disagree, and
worse in outsiders who defend them for &C.
inp an
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
TELEGRAPHIC BREVITIRs.

TIE ipq1sst on the body of Carrie Blown
or "soakespeare," the vlc.in OF Jack the
Ripper" was begun in New York to-day.
The bull fever Vas Or this morning In the
Chicago grair market and materially high
er prices were scored in asi 0; the piis.
A big 6:e Started today ia the pins woods
back OF Asbury park, N. J aud is spread
ing rapidly toward wet E aeroa and Long
Branch
F.ar;sea hundred I'd .cH Immigrants,
nicely alisns, se'e ieadst Of nv York
to-ias, but many asn ds'a nd on sua"'cion
OF being contrac. lgboTsrg.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
A Wonder Worker.

Mr. Frank Hufrmsn, young man Of BurliDg-
ton, Ohio, states that he had been under the care
o. two prominent physicians. and med their treat
ment uatil he was NO. abie TO get around. Ebay
pronounced Case TO be Consumption and In
durable Ho was persuaded to t,y DR.. Kings
new Discovery for Consumption. Coughs and
Colds and st that time was not able to walk scross
Tire stree Without resting He found before he
had used half eta dollar bottle, that he was much
better; he continued to Use it and, is TO day en-.
icying COCO health. If you hvs any Throst,
Lung or Chest Trouble try it. We guarantee s Sc
Is faction Trial bottle free at e :. Lsstbeater s
Bto's drugstore
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
Oh, What a Cough

Will you heed the warning. The signal per
haps of the sure approach of that moro terrible
disease Consumption, Ask yourselves ifyou csn
afford for the sake of saving SOC, to ran the risk
and do nothing for it. We know from experience
that Shilohs Cure will cure your cough. II
never fails. This explains why moro than 8
Million Bottles were sold the past year. 1t re-
lieves Group and whooping cough at once
Mothers, do not he without it, For lane back
eide or chest use Shiloh's Porous Plaster Sold by
(. 8. Leadbeater & Bro, Agents.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
Fire

New YopK May 10 -Aaou. 8 O'Clock
this uaoroi: e Gee broke Gu. in the old "Sai.=
ORE Ekonsnge" s four g Org brow nsscne 'front.'
structure on Cherry street. The buileiog
aas c,m eie6sly Quilted snd the losa Is es!i.
mated s: from s75. 600 TO SiO0 900
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
Cancellation Suggested

New ORLEANS. May l3.-Sig. Corte, The
Italian cooaui here, says that meeting Of
prominent members OF the Italian colony in
this city vas held 81 the consulate Monday
evening snd that the seDss of the meeting
wss that s!l diff ..eacas ahculd be amicably
settled az socn SO possible.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
Sickness Among Children,

Especially infants, ia prevalent more or less
at sll times, but is largely avoided by giving
proper Dourishment and Wholesome food
The most successful ard reliable OF all is the
Gail Borden Eagle" Brand Condensed
Milk Your grocer aud druggist keep 1t.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
aSlggs sssG
ASSOCIATED PRESS DISPATCHES
Fora1gn News.

PARIS, May 13.-The Steele says that In
spita of the rapture OF negotis tions bet Veen
Presids1 Balm aceds snd the Congressional
palt, of Chill, France, t1e Unit d St g
and Brszll IL and to falfIl the tlsk Of arb:-
.stpg the INST tsrs In dsptts bit seen the
no fact gnr.
LONDON, May 13.-Mr. VIM. Boyle Bar
bour, member of Parliament for Paisley,
Scotland, died today.
LONDON, May 13. There now seventy
memb bars of the House of Commons suffer.
Ing from influenza.
PAR1s, May ia m amber OF thu Portu-
gueae Legation In this city declares that the
present crisis In Portugal ia purely OF o
financial nature, aud thai political sen i
ment has nothing 20 do With 1t.
Rome, May 13.-It Ia announced that the
Pope will hold the next consistor5 on June /.
MAssowAH, Egypt, Mag 19.--Daring a
storm which swept over this own yesterday,
building used as barracks suddenly col.
lapsed killing six soldiers outright aud ser:-
cusly injurlng ten others.
SHANGHAI, May 13-An anti.Europeen riot
has taken place at Woo-Hoo, treaty port OF
China. The natives attacked and burned the
Catholic mission and number OF other European
dwelling houses. The Europeans have taken re-
fuge upon the hulks anchored in the river. Her
Majesty's ship Inconstant has been ordered to
proceed Immediately to the scene Of tho riot.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

sHILOH's CArARRH REMEDY. A marve-
lous cure for Cn'srrh, Diphtheris, Csnker mouth,
and Headache. With each bottle there is an in
genious nasal Injector for the more successful
trestment of these complaints without extra
chsIge. Price zoe. Sold By E. S. Lesdhestor &
Bro, Agents
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

Fits, spasmp, St. Vitus dance. bysteria.
headache, neuralgia and nervous prostralion
cured by DR.. Miles Nervine. Free samples
st droggists, by mail TO-. MILES MED. Co
Elkbart, Ind
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

spring stirs up the bile. You loaa your
appetite, feel week. too bot. sod Ga! 60
ire;i Taxa Simmons Liver Rsg1 ls;or.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

Spring stirs up this bile. You Iose your
appetite, feel weak, too hot. and Ga 30
tired. Tske Simmons Liver Regulator.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

sHILOHs vITALIZER is what you need for
Constipation, Loss Of Appetite. Dizzines, and all
symptoms OF Dyspepsia. Price rs conis per bot
tle. For sale BIZ E. 8. Lesdbeator q Bro, agents
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

Spring stirs up the bile. You lose your
appetite, feel weak, too hot, and Gal SO
tired. Take Simmons Liver Ragu!ssoe.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

1t is reported in Louisville thu. mach dissatis
faction exists ,ir ing tho members OF the order oil
Railwsy conductors which mag disrupt the entire
order.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

M. Gould ccnteln olates the building OF 81
miles OF additional track for rapid transit in New
York city at co,t Of SIC, G00,C00.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

F,r that dull lazy feeling called sptiug
Fever take a. c. Tonic.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

Tho best purely vegetable Spring madi-
cine Ia A 3. O. Tonic.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

The British Parliament buildings are TO be FL
migated with sulphur TO destroy grip microbes.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

So far this week 100000 in gold has been
ordered in New York for shipmout to Europe.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

T,y the new bser-.'Y,rVipia Extra Pale"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

Ass, for bottle of "virgluis Extra Pale.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
pERRy's HARNESS OIL SOAP.

Three s-ez-s1, 90 snd 25c sizes tho fHe''
.Jticie Ia the world for hsIn5sa For sAie y
Sab37 ". Z. CREIGHTON 3 ~.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

WHITE WASH BRUSHES OF superior quail
w ty and chaapcr grades for ssle who.e'4.'
and retail at 32S King stroet Call snd EXAMINE
Prices low.
ap21 ]. T. CEEtGHT0A q .OF.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13
A NOTHER NEW ONE!

SOAP WONDERFUL FOR CLEANING CL0THe.
mh9 ID. Fl. LUTTE
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

T AUND2Y WAX-An elegant, smooth ana
~ GLOSSY finish put on your linen By the use =.
Landry YAK. Five ceDts a cake. I'Or ssle %
LRNEST !. ELLLA
fet10 Corner King and Pix 5ftee1e.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

A CARLOAD OF MAsoN's F2GTf jas j5:.
II received and for ese at .owe-' pres. Col-.
try merchants will 90 II to wyiso .or our pil'''
sp2o ~ ''''' F. MILLgR Z soy
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

IL Y5PEPnIA CURE.
~ AkoMANE!i
Just received supply Of tie above ceeoTaItea =
preparstion, II never falls Price 25c. For s@s "
n:to2 W Z. CREIGHTON & ".
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-05-13

FI
Put up in boxas ard bottles, g: 25c esc5.
knNEsT L. allen,
fah12 Corner ire and Pitt street
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-06-12
The St. Paul Daily News

Is putting the shoe brush to it's face
again. 1t is black enough as it is,
but last week cast a darker shade.
In an editorial attack on Donnelly
it made the positive assertion that
the Peoples Party platform did not
touch upon the tariff. Such a braz-
en- falsehood deserves and receives
the contempt of all honest men.
The assertion was made without
any apparent husband without
any shrinkage, and yet the following
plank stares us in the face at the
first glance at the platform:
Believing the doctrine of equal
rights to all and special privileges to
none, we demand that taxation
national, state or municipal-shall
not be used to build up one interest
or class at the expense OF another"
The wretched liar who runs the
News knew that plank was in the
platform-but thought it could de
ceive some whom the G. w. does not
reach. They are a depraved lot
The Daily News and the estate" are
two links in short chain-but long
enough to reach into hell, anG
strong enough to drag their man
ayers into it.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-06-12
The Outlook In the World.

write
this country to Europe We also surmise that the this outflow
that the capitalists OF Europe aheadand preparing
their Among
the old world longeade They
lessons OF the the They
written each Armageddon That
the great sgnword of Jewish prophecy the rush nations and of
Man. whole battle They that the times portntiou and
they getting at their wealth
into places of privacy and security.
Why Do think that the that? Well
and western business
the world do think get? Not oneourth
the censorship of five the dpo putocra tyants the
world has known people
largely c the of what TRANSPORTING But the
European capitalist seeing
London artocray nubbe organ
lied when the heir the throne ked before
steady
into civil by her tolng population
murdered by the dozen keep down.
NO guarded and cautious Cardinal Gibbons writes
this he utters the following strong
Capital
armng for conflict How imminent the struggle
affirm precisely
Inc h are daily becoming richer the
high living and the pride life
daily nsatab the the distressed
loud and poignant.
The conditions approaching
England The
and squalor light of heaven being
blood
the Webng the octous
the driver Small wonder that
and cries of starving children band themselves together
sort to deeds of violence.
Oh what FOOLS FOOLS FOOLS
HILL OF the Great Northern system
Hill sits down to banquet evening with gathered
taband the next his the
controlling
ves the
ringing the portals
the bell which upts
brethren when the future that not without
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-06-12
EDITOR GREAT WEST:

EDITOR GREAT WEST:
That half-baked Alliance paper
called the "Sentinel," published by
MCGEE. wants to know who C. N. Per-
kins and Andrew STEVENSON, the
newly elected members OF the state
committee OF the Peoples Party, are.
Not to know those two prominent
Alliance men who have attended all
the alliance conventions and have
been activein all alliance movements,
is to confess ignorance OF the work
ings of the alliance. But if that was
all he did not know, his paper might
be of some benefit to the alliance
members.
st. Paul, Mimi, June 9Th.
The above is sufficient. Wedo not
read the dirty sheet OF the late Sena-
torial-postmaster, anti-forfeiture, an
ti-Donnelly, penniless-before-the-leg-
islature traitor. Not to know Hon.
C. N. Perkins, the man who has
worked in the Alliance cause so long
or Andrew Stevenson, the strong
man OF the northwest, is merely one
of McGee's silly-iims. Whether he is
paid for his work is doubtful to some
because he is such a condemned fool.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-06-12
Nine Millions.

From Statesman, Oswego, Kan:
Nine millions OF mortgages? A
mortgage to every seven people in
this country. A money blister ap-
piled to the back Of as many men as
constitute the vast tramping army
OF all Europe. Imagine this mighty
and fierce engine for financial de-
struction and human suffering.
Nine millions of men so debt burden
ed that the shadows of woe are fast
enveloping them. And yet men
whom the people have honored and
made great calmly tell you that it is
unconstitutional to relieve this vast
army of hard toilers. They work to
save their homes, paying usury to
the money barons, and we find men
unwilling to see the government
stretch out it's protection to these
struggling people. They say it is
unconstitutional to lend these people
money at two per cent. 1t is class
legislation to afford them relief when
in tones of despair they call-they
plead for it.
Good government, pure legisla-
ton, constitutional observance, it
would seem, would be to continue
that stern rule that has fostered,
encouraged and protected the purse
proud autocrats. The national
banker can rest securely in the pro-
lection that the government throws
around his questionable possessions,
but the people must toll, and toll
ceaselessly to erase and wipe away
debts that have become larger and
larger because of the legislation
vicious and restrictive.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-06-12

Repudiates the Cincinnati Platform
The following puts the position
of Mr.. Owen squarely before the
people. And yet We have taken the
Farm, Stock & Home to be against
ssfree'' coinage of silver. The clip.
ping appeared in the pluto press
above head and all:
ST. PAUL, Mimi, May 23.-[Speci'
al. Sidney M. Owen, the Minnesota
Alliance candidate for COVER
nor, although a third party
man, said this evening that he could
not indorse the Cincinnati platform.
Briefly" he said, 81 am in favor Of
government ownership and opera
ton of the railroads. l am also a
believer in bi-metallic currency, but
do not believe in fat money, or the
sub-treasury scheme.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-06-12

principled press be loudest in protes-
tations of horror and moral disgust,
This is even more sickening than the
kno Wedge of the crimes of the COM
pany, and the great success of the
managers in their fagitious GRIM
inality. The true character of the
r. R. Co.'S lobbying relations to
Congress and State Legislatures
has been known during a quarter OF
century-known to thousands of
honest men, known to every intelli-
gent citizen who makes special in
quiry in the premises, known to
every intelligent journalist. But all
along, or at intervals, whenever
called upon by the R. R magnates.
as regular employees, or as special
iobbers, our Journals" (Heaven
save the mark!)-our daily s'iour-
nals'-have done their utmost to
defend or promote aggressively, the
schemes of the great monopolists.
And, to-day, it is we'll known that
for price the same venal sheets are
for sale in the same service.
Having amassed their uncounted
millions, it is highly probable that
the R. R. monopolists may have
reached point where they no long
er need to buy or bride or cast down
any OF the so-called daily Journals
of California, or, in the estimation
of the directors, some of the sheets
may have out-lived their usefulness,
so far as the R. R. Co. movements on
Courts and Legislatures are con-
cerned. Then, and in every such
event, expect a grand hullabaloo
showing of Innocence and Virtue and
Holy Horror against R. r. monopo-
list manipulations and extortions,
etc. Or the cat-footed and cat-voiced
creatures who dominate some of the
daily Journals will squeal about
the atrocities of the R. R. Company,
with a false assumption Or a fatty
lying declaration about an ever-con-
tinuing protest against the outrages
and felonies they now denounce.
The railroad monopoly never
would have dominated this city,
State and Coast, as it has, if the
daily Journals" OF the Coast, and
especially Of this city, had been
honest and incorruptible. The most
rotten daily press on the face of the
globe has cursed the city OF San
Francisco and the State of California
during the last twenty years or
more.
The Star evidently has not noted
the press OF the Twin Cities-and it's
interchangeable it's attitude to
Pacific Railway Davis!
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-06-12

Our readers must not calculate
that "The Railway Problem" writ
ten by A. B. Stickney, President
Kansas City Railway System, is
wholly made up OF the radical senti-
ments published by us. He under
takes to give both sides, and natur-
ally, in selecting sample sections, we
republish the radical portion. But
we can assure our readers that he
makes no visible defense OF the rail-
way plutocracy. The entire work is
a condemnation thereof.