davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

mounted equatorially, which means that b.
being attached to a clock its optical axis
can be made to fall ON any star or planet as
long as it remains above the Paris horizon
during its revolution round the axis of the
world.
But the axis of the new refractor Is not
straight one, as usual. The telescope con-
sists OF two arms placed at right angles to
each other. 1t Is for this notable popularity
that it has been called the elbowed re-
tractor. The longer Of the two arms (46
feet in length) has been fixed in the direc-
ton of thespolar axis of the diurnal motion.
which in Paris makes. an angle OF 40 80 g.
with the vertical. In M. LGevy's equatorial
the clock has only TO mnYe the smaller arm
which is IS feet long. With the old system
an immense tube, SO feet long. would have
been required. To protect the new equa-
torial, If it had not been elbowed, q gigantic
cupola, having about the same radius as the
dome of st. Paurs, would have been needed
for protection against the lnelemencleS of
weather, at cost greater than the price Of
the whole construction, which amounts to
not quite $4,000, including two object lenses
Of "a inches diameter, 0nefor photography
and one for optical purposes.
The elbowing of the ray of light has been
effected in very simple manner by inter- :.
posing.in the; path. of the ray two PLANE
mirrors, at an angle OF 40 degrees. La the
left hand upper corner of his sketch our
artists represents Rear-Admiral Mouchez
trying to lind an,obleet test in the cOnSteI-
lations, for determining successfully the
power and distlnctness of the instruments:
The only drawback to the new. system is.
the necessity OF employing two plane mir
rorS, objects which are very difficult to oh
tain perfect and to keep constantly in good
order. They are made Of silvered glass ac-
cording TO the Leon Faucault method, and
NJ. LoeVy believes that. the loss OF Lights
very small.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
TO MAP THE HEAVENS.
SageS who Aim to Promote the Worlds ASr0-
nOmical wisdom.

Alexander the Great sighed for more
worlds to conquer, but our modem astrono-
mers will be satisfied with more worlds to
explore. To gain the instruments for this
end the science and genius of the world 5
great astronomical establishments are taxed
to the utmost, and an international congress
at which no less than eighteen of these are
represented has recently been convened in
Paris for the purpose of arranging general
mapping of the heavens. To. aid them in
this work celestial photography will be
called into requisition, and the result of the
labors of the congress cannot fail to be a
material addition to the students facilities.
British astronomy was represented by a
large number of leading members of the
profession, Mr.. Christie, the Astronomer
Royal for England, Mr.. Gill; the Astrono-
mer Royal for the Cane, Vice-President
and Secretary of the Royal Astronomical
Society Of London, and an astronomer of
the Pavilion Observatory of Oxford.
One of the features Of the Meeting was
the exhibition by Rear-Admral MoucheZ,
Director of the Paris Observatory, OF
refractor of great dimensions, Invented by
NJ Maurice Loevy, Director, and one
of the astronomers os the establishment.
This instrument, which is constructed on
quite a new system, has been built under
NJ Loevy's own supervision by M.Gauthier,
one of the principal telescope makers of the
French capital 1t is refraeting telescope
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
WONDERS OF THE EAR.
The AuTiGIlT Organ Has Parts Which DEFY
Investigation.

''The human ear" said a scientist, 4" is an
organ the true inwarduess of which the
physicians have never been able to get at.
They can examine the interior Of the eye
with ease by throwing into its dark chamber
a ray Of light reflected from little mirror.
and of late they have found it possible even
to see the gray matter of the brain by look
ing through the little canal by which the
optic nerve enters. The cavity behind the
nose they inspect with the aid of light
placed far back in the mouth. They have
no difficulty in seeing into the stomach by
an electric apparatus; the inteStines like
wise are readily investigated, and the blad-
der aIS0 But the ear, as to It's internal ar
engagements, is unapproachable. 1t is even
impossible 10 dissect it satisfactorily after
death, for the reason that the parts collapse
at once when the vital spark leaves the
body. The drum in living person bars
tho way to observation, and, even though it
De pletced, the winding passages beyond
cannot Ia seen through. On the other side
OF tne oruih are the three little bones-the
maliet, the anvil ard the stirrup-which act
upon eaeh otner IS levers. The drum acts
as sort OIL punei, ND the mallet. immedi-
waves through the anvil AID the stirrnp to
the cOchlea, a spiral shell-Shs ned chamber
just behind and above the exter1ral openinp
Sf the ear. The shell is COMPOSED of fila.
IFentS OF the AUDITORY ueTV6s cOIleu sDIraliV
and each one erect and waving TREMENDOUSLY
in responSe TO the slightest waves of sound.
They carry the sound impressions Directly
to the blsiD, and so delicate is their serSi
tiveness that the nearer perceives not
only the tegree of loudness but even the
finest quality of sound. the harmony of
tones, and thtdistance from whehit comes.
The moment tiat life becomes extinct. how.
ever, the spiral Sell Of nerves colapses and
the marvellous ofIan is dead thing. unsat-
lsfactory to the Investigating anatomist If
only it had been fou,d possible to examine
the internal structureof the living ear .aural
surgery might perhaDssmount to something
to-day. The science OF treating the eye was
born when Helmholtz Invented the simple
instrument called the opAthalmoscope for
inspecting its interior. Thereare plenty Of ear
doctors, and people pay big Plces for being
treated by them for deafness, but did you
ever know of case where the satient was
really much benefited by anythiDshe could
do? | nave known dozens of deai versions
who have persistenty sought relief at the
hands of aural specialists, but not. cue of
them has been cured or mate rally he.psd
simply because science has achieved hardE
anything in that branch of knowledge. -
Washington Star.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
A SIMPLE REMEDY.
How to Eradicate Dandruff and Keep the
Mustache Even.

How to Eradicate Dandruf and Keep the
Mustache Even.
The man in the next chair was complain
ing because the ends Of his mustaehe did not
grow, says a writer In the Chicago Post.
."Stop twirling it, them" said the barber.
Constant twirling splits the hairs, and as
soon as they are split all growth stops i'm
mediately. That's why you see so many
men with mustacheS that look as though
they were moth-eaten. If you want your
mustache to be regular, even, and a thing of
beauty altogether, just keep your hands
YOU prefer that il should curl upward, Paris
fashion, come to me and let me use the hot
irons on it. Don't try to give 1t a curl with
your fingers.
dear me-" he continued, as he ran his
fingers through the mans hair, what lot
of dandruffl What's the use Of having
dandruff, anyways"
Cant help it," said the man.
eyes you can" returned the barber,
''There's nothing easier. Get some rock
salt and dissolve a teaspoonful IN glass of
hot water. That's the proportion. or course
you want to mix more than that Then,
every morning and every night rub the salt
water thoroughly into your scalp and thor
ougnly saturate every blessed hair. When
you've done this brush your hair vigorously
with bristle brush, neither too stiff nor too
soft, but just medium, for good ten min
four weeks all the dandluff will disappear,
and your hair will thicken and grow more
rapidly than ever before. And say, never
use wire hairbrusb. They're horrible things
and cause more dandruH than anything else
know off"
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

on board with the settled idea that you are
going to be sick. Dismiss the thought
Keep on your feet the first day out. Walk
up and down the deck continuously. By
this method you get accustomed to the mo-
ton Of the ship, tire yourself out, and, if
you are any sort of a sleeper, you viii sleep
soundy the first night. Then the worst is
over. But If not, and you get sick, just ac-
cept it philOsophieally. OF course, you will
feel miserable. But let the spell run its
course, and it is done. And your are better
for it, and certainly wiser than 10 try and
cure it by mixture of things, which only
give the stomach reason for continuance
of proceedings. One of the leading medical
authorities in the world says that fifteen
grains OF sulphate OF quinine. administered
two hours, or four hours at the most, before
embarking. will completely free even sensi-
tive subjects from the horrors of sea-sick-
ness.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
GOOD MANNERS.
Indicated by the Most Trivial circum.
stances and Vice Versa.

Indicated by the Most Trivial 0ircum
stances and Vice Versa.
American social life .offes more ysrlSa
and remarkable phases than that of any
other country, because of the Chances which
each citizen has of rising from The lowest to
the highest position. and because of the
rapidity and frequency of such changes.
A Senator, for example, whose parents
had been uncultured and ignorant; but
honest and respectable people, and who had
been himself received in foreign coHrts, ate
with his. knife until the day of his death :,
blew his food to cool it and embellished his
conversation with many great ScottSi'
So common is the change in social position
that the lack of education in gentle manners
is the most embarrassing. difficulty which
our people have to meet. The struggle. the
hard work, the difficulties in the way of a
man who is pushing upward, are more
easily met than the sharp pain. o. finding
himself awkward and boorish in trivial
details of conduct, when he Is brought into
the eompanionship of those who have, from
childhood, been trained in the social graceS
A poor widow who supported her family
by doing chores in the houses of wealthy
while at dinner with her children. The
tabe was daintily laid, and the boys and
girls were obliged to observe all the forms
which their mother had seen in the houses
of her employers.
''Why should they not be taught to be-
have as well as the rich boys and girls 2"
she said, without any air Of making an
apology. "And besides, they may be rich
themselves some day. WHO knows?
Few poor boys in America have mothers
so keen sighted or so wise as was this poor
woman; and the boys themselves forget IN
their hurry to acquire the money or position
which will give them distinction, the impor-
lance of acquiring the manners without
which their distinction may De MADE rldlc-
ulous.
A car. or q saint. or great poet, might
travel incognito around the world, his rank
or merit undiscovered. But man cannot
enter car or eat an apple without betray-
ing how just is his claim to gentle breeding.
Youths Companion.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

The Collection Craze Makes Them Costly
and Hard TO Obtain.
Washington's the Most Valuable = Andrew
JOhnsOn's the Rarest-Kr. Cleveland's
to Be Had for the Asking.
written and Copyrighted for TIE SUNDAY CALL

Many persons in this country are just now
vieing with each other in the collection of
the letters of historical Americans. Some
have fad for those of artists; others for
authors; some for milliopaires, and still
others for statesmen or politicians and
Generals of the Revolution or Rebellion.
Expense on a somewhat extensive scale at
tends the satisfying of an ardent desire for
a full list of any of these. For instance,
sample letters of all the Presidents, from
Washington to Benjamin Harrison, would
be worth upward of $500. and there are
very few persons who possess such a
treasure.
The information on this subject contained
in this article was given me by Walter r.
Benjamin of New York.
Mr.. Benjamin possesses some remarkable
treasures in his line of business, including
letters of some of the most noted people of
history, such as Henry VIII, Marie and
Catherine de Medici, Mazarin, Bonaparte,
Napoleon III, Luther, Wesley and others of
equal fame. His American collections are
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

stone to procure boats for such as may have
progressed thus far TO proceed TO Cincinnati.
left Miami Rapids on Friday last l some
days before organized detachment for the pur-
pose OF crossing Lake Erie from Sandusky Bay
TO Maiden for the purpose OF destroying the
enemy's vessels at that place. | have the most
nauerlng prospects of the success of the enter
prise, as IL was conducted by an officer, Captain
Langham. of distinguished vaior. at the head of
200 men that were selected from the whole army.
Their route across the lake was In the direction
OF Some Islands which in common years
AFFORD sale passage to the opposite shore.
Unfortunately, however, the detachment
found the lake beyond Bass Island entirely open
for very considerable distance and was obliged
TO return 10 the Miami Bay. where | met them
the Gin inst. with $50 volunteers with which |
bad marched from Camp Meigs to cover their re-
treat should they be pursued Finding that the
original design was rendered abortive had de-
Icrmined TO proceed 10 the River Rasin for the
purpose OF burymg the remains of our unf0Ttnn-
ate e0untrYmen who fell in the action of the
22d January. This design became also Impracti-
cable from the weakn SIS Of the ice, which CON
unually gave way under our horses. Almost all
the gentlemen who were with me broSe in, and
my own horse was saved with much difficulty.
To have attempted the expedition by land to the
River Rasin would have subjected the detach.
ment TO certain defeat. | have the honor TO be
with great respect and regard, Dear Sill, your
hum servt
Among the early Presidents the letters of
none are more rare than those of John
Adams. The following is a reproduction Of
scrap Of writing in his hand bearing his
autograph, which sold readily for S25;
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

even more noteworthy, and interesting,
since they include those of nearly all the
famous characters OF early American Els
tory, the heroes of colonial days, the
founders of the Republic, statesmen and
Generals and famous men in every walk Oh
life.
Since the great Washington Centennial
celebration was held in New York there mas
arisen a voracious demand for Washing
toniana of every kind, and, above all: lor
Washington letters. 1t is thought that there
are about 5000 of these in existence. de
always wrote with care and on good paper,
and, as he was prominently before the peo-
pie even in his twentieth year, great num-
bers of his letters were preserved by the
friends to whom he sent them. bis hand-
writing changed greatly, but his signature
was virtually the same at all periods OF MS
life, and, in spite of their number, his letters
range in price from $35 10 $3.50. Some OF
them, referring to striking historical matters,
have brought even more than the last sum
under the hammer.
Jefferson is also costly, but much cheaper
than Washington. HIS letters are more
readily obtained.
Taken at random, these are some of the
current prices for the letters Of other Presl-
dents: Pierce is fairly rare and brings from
S. TO $50; Tyler is common and ranges
from 81 TO SIS; Taylor is very rare. lie ala
not shine as penman and wrote few let
into the hands of collectors. His letters.
therefore, are worth from S25 to 500; Van
Buren, is not rare and fetches only 81 80 to
So; Arthur is scarce and dear. Friends
who nave his letters hold on to them, and
Mr.. Benjamin says they will be more conf
mon in twenty years, as they Will then De
brought out from their hiding places they
are now worth about $40 each; Monroe let
tiers are quite common, and are readily
bought at from 81 to S..
One OF Andrew Johnson's letters brought
$50 at sale in Boston recently and every
scrap of his writing is worth money. In
this collection are several curious extracts
from one OF his account-bo0k when he
worked at his trade as tailor. These show
that he charged So 80 for making coat and
took part payment in -four. In writing
''pair of pants" he put it down pare" and
he spelled thread 'thredd." The following
fac-simile is taken from a page of this &C
cOuut- hoOk
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Lemons oranges, champagne-alI these
are recommended, says the Indies Home
Journal, but the best Recommendation, the
most practical and c0mm0n-sense, is to let
sea-sfckness have its way. aud then you are
over with ii. Yru can modify any possible
attack by little care as TO diet a day or
two before sailing. by avoiding greasy and
rich foods, and this is wise. But don't go
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

The fad for autograph letters is one which
Is extremely attractive and exciting after a
person gets fairly started in the race, and it
Is not devoid of instruction. 1t certainly
furnishes a true intellectual delight. and IL
prudently managed c. SITS much less than
many other pursuits to which men of money
and leisure devote themselves. j.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
FRENCH. Wit.
Translated From PariSian Papers for The SUI
day Morning Cal"

Madame enters the kitchen and is very in
dignant. "How is it, FRANCHISE. that you
allowed the butcher to give such mlser-
able cut; why, it is all bones"
THAT is true, madame, and so told the
butcher" replied FRANCHISE, "and," she adj
ded, 'af it had been for my own use would
have refused to take it.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Considering that Harry Able of Middle
ton. Conn, is 90 years old, ne Is about as
smart man as there is In the State, and can
do a days work as cleverly as men fifty
years his junior. And ne is one OF the best
story tellers In the country. Fish yarn spin.
ners are dumb in his presence and ordinary
liars pay him homage.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

A literary individual. who fasts at least
twice a week from other than religious mo-
tives, was listening TO one of his friends,
who was talking about writers cramps;
and finally said: "Yes, yes; ] know what
that is; ii is cramps, caused by an empty
stomach"
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Toto has just been discovered in an awful
lie and he is lectured by his mother. Don't
YOU know" said she, that it is very Wong
when one is young to tell lies |'
''But how is 1t when one has grown upP'
asked Toto
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Grandma explains to Miss Lii that on
railroad trains little children are charged
but half fare.
asked, .Bnt grandma, how is it when they
get old, old like you, for instance, do they
lave to pay doable fare?"
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
THE CORPS DE BALLET.

AS Seen in Photographic Twinks "as
Quick Winks."
In view of the worldwide surprise caused
by instantaneous photographs of "the horse
in notion" we have called in the aid of in
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Ladies should be careful when they de-
sire to deceive as to their age. They should
not do as did certain countess recently.
who. when asked an annoying question, re-
piled, !" Why, it is perfectly simple; l was
horn on the 3Oth OF February"
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Ex-President Cleveland is not quoted in
the market, as he is reputed to be so Obliging
that he will send an autograph letter to any
one who applies.
A full set of the signers OF the Declaration
of Independence fetched S1O,S50 in Boston
the other day.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

OF the later Presidents, the letters of
Abraham Lincoln are by far the most
sought after and the most expensive. En-
thusLastic collectors will pay almost as
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

During a session of an agricultural class
one of the pupils was asked to tell the best
time to gather apples and his reply was.
"When the farmer has his back turned and
the dogs are out of the orchard"
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Overheard at the Exchange: According
to my observation, my dear sir. men should
be ciassed under two heads, namely, dupes
and rascals.'
Under which would you class your
self2"
"Me? NV dear fellow, why, under both. :"
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Calino was discovered reading an Official
journal, and one of his friends asked him
what so interested bin.
:" am counting up the marriages for the
year"
. And for what purpose2"
No particular purpose, except to ascer-
tain if more women than men were mar
ried."
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

An Albany, Kan, paper says: "Jehn
Thompson dogs are all dead but twelve"
Fergus Falls ugeblad. [volume] (Fergus Falls, Minn.) 1882-1938, 1891-04-01

&elfi9net al &apen. @n @bicngo=
aois ltriuer: 9ans 9ellisbeb @ape
SEQ XIII peliisner &erbensuoti0in=
gen os &lanen ON at opreile ct itipnt
Gtenmonument Buenos MpreS til
9@re for @briitoffer Columbus. @an
flyer: Set er 9obt o9 9apnli9t for os
at Dbe iaaoanue Meno Dor 6plbef,
iom bar siort fig fortiente at ben
friitne Tro o9 bet menuefeli9e Gam=
funo. 2eoet al fin @enius uoip<
relien af fine itore 8ebrifter bar 60
lnmbus bapt iaa itor Suoflpoelie paa
Mennefebeben paa besse 9alpfu9ler,
at fun faa Meno fan fammenli9nes
meo bam. @aabenbe at ben 9eber,
iom poes bam, bill tiene til at itimu=
lere @eroensubfillinsen / @bicaso,
giper ri til 5oreta9enoet ben 9Sris,
bet fortiener, os iamtioist, iom ct
Eesn paa faoerlig &ier1isbeo, meb.
oeler ri ben opoitoliite &eliieuelle.
(6e9l.) &aue SEQ XIII.
Fergus Falls ugeblad. [volume] (Fergus Falls, Minn.) 1882-1938, 1891-04-01

rWinneapolis Sournal" bar taset
fig for at ipgr9e en- bel Sci 2e9er /
Minneapolis, ON bporpiot ber lite er
itaoelise bitanier / be @ierfoffe,
ri bru9er bort 8rpb. IQe 2e9er
bar ubtalt fig berben, at Mlun o9
Immoniat, oer iom oftet er tilitebe i
baking powder, ct me9et itaoelise
for @unobeoen. Tornemmelig er
Nlun lfabelis. Set bru9es forat 9ip=
re Brpoet boiot. Wmmoniat Ct lite
iaa farlis iom Nlun, men bet pirter
bog ltaoe1ig 2en9oen. ST.. @pe9b
flyer, at bet ablolut ituloe forbpoes
at felse @ierftoffe iaaiom yeast
eQer. baking powder, ber inoebolbt
Ilun e1er Nmmoniat, o9 ban flyer,
at 5ab:ifanterne af bisie Nrtitler
Huloe lite babe 2op til at labe benz
ielse, fbr be bar unberipste o9 paaz
beftet en- Merfelap, oer beuionebe, at
be lite inoebolot nosen for @unbbe<
ben ltabelis 8efanobel.
Fergus Falls ugeblad. [volume] (Fergus Falls, Minn.) 1882-1938, 1891-04-01
Gnblanoet.

Seem gort 26oe STARTS. 1906
Smmtgranter blen lanoiatte 8ars.
oiftcen fbr &l. 10 imorses, buori.
blonot 667 fra geeapel.
= II Serntaneposnlabninser al
@ufter git tillpiloe peb ct Ereniam=
menfpo @erbeoen al &ornellspiQe,
SEEM Dort, forleben.
= &anias Gitp, &anias, 26oe
Marts. nnoerretniuser mobtasne
isaaraftes os imorses fra Fere @te>
Der / &anlas saar uo paa. at @tor=
men isaar oar ben luareite, iom er
fienot bet / Staten. III Sernbane=
trafit er opbbrt paa @runb af Sneeu.
6lere Eren itaar fait melem Statios
nerne, os &ompasnierne maa toripne
Yas1asererne o9 &renfolfene meo
Gboe. Sra ale &anter mebbeles, at
&reaturerne lioer meset al Manael
paa Gpoe o9 9uslD. 2an98 Central
Bran@ af Mislouri &acific er ber
mango fattise Golt, iom mausler
5eoe % &renbe.