Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1891-05-29

The Reason why Perpetual Motion IL
Utterly 1mpraotlcable-

The Reason Why FErULluMl AAutAuM -
Utterly Impraotlcable-
What Is o perpetual motion? AS
yet 1t is but an idea-so much will be
admitted by the most enthusiastic adj
vocate of its practicability, says the Me-
chanical News The utmost claim is
that, according physical law, 1t might
be; no one claims that it is or ever has
been. But millions Of attempts. all
ending in failure, only create strong
presumption that the thing attempted
is an impossibility. They do not put it
absolutely beyond doubt. Do the laws
of nature make it eternally impossi-
BILE?
The evident answer Is that nature is
herself a perpetual motion. The clouds
and the winds, the waves, the flowing
streams and mighty currents Of electric
al and other forces are In ceaseless
flux and refiux. Il follows, therefore,
that any machine constantly played up
on by any one of these perpetual
forces would maintain a perpetual mo-
tion--as for instance paddle wheel
moved by an unfailing stream of water
the motion continuing until the ma
terials wore out, which fills the con-
ditions Of the problem. This much,
then, Is conceded: A machine which
could receive continual accessions of
power from sources outside of itself
that Is, from the inexhaustible store of
natures dynamics-would be q perpet-
ual motion.
But that Is not what the projectors
mean by their use of the phrase "per-
| petual motion" Their argument Cf
such it may be called assumes the pos
sibility Of machine which itself gen.
crates the power that runs It. In other
words, a machine that creates power
that is, machine that generates more
power than 1t expends-namely: power
enough to resupply the original power
and overcome friction besides. And
such q machine Is, by the eternal law
of physics, an eternal impossibility.
No matter how simple or how complex,
no matter how delicately adjusted or
how slight the friction, this memorable
| law remains-the force which. originally
moves the machine must generate
another force equal to itself (for any
force less than that would not keep
the machine in motion) and some adj
ditional force to overcome the friction.
And the law is the same, no matter
what device be adopted. Suppose it be
| (as in many attempts It has been) q
o series of falling weights on one side
of wheel, those weights must rise ex-
actly as high on the other side Of the
wheel, and, let the combination be what
It may, they must pass through as many
rising curves as falling curves-that Is,
as many units of movement against as
with gravitation-and the friction of
| the wheel be overcome besides. Sup
pose it were possible to reduce friction
to q minimum of one unit in a machine
whose power was ten million units,
then the power of ten million would
have to generate ten million and one to
prevent q stoppage.
For further illustration, take the de-
vice Of horizontal wheel, the original
power applied at point A on its cir
cumference: A moves around to its
original place, there an equal power
must be applied to send it around again
Cfor, of course, whatever power sent it
around once will be needed for each
successive. round), and whatever extra
power is needed to overcome the fric-
ton. Put the original power at one
hundred, then that one hundred power
must generate q power equal to one
hundred plus friction. Algebraically
stated, your problem is to make 100-100
plus I. Of course + might be reduced to
O very small amount, and it is barely
conceivable that a place might be found
where there is no f-but not on this
earth.
In a perfect vacuum, assuming the
production of 1t to be possible, TOP
would run a surprisingly long time,
there being no friction on the air; but il
must rest on something, and that means
: friction. If n top could be suspended in
! mid air, with some attractive force
above it which exactly balanced gravi
tatiop, and then set in motion in per
feet vacuum, the thing might be &c
complished; but such a condition is oh
viously impossible. On this earth there
Is no motion without friction, and where
IL friction perpetual motion Is Al
eternal impossibility.