davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
AFTER a FRENCH FORTUNE.
American Heirs Seeking millions Thai
uave LGin Idle for Two Centuries.

American Heirs Seeking millions Thas,
uave L1in Idle for Two Centuries.
American claimants to great Erro-
pean fortunes Gre getting moro nuner.
Gus from year to year. Tho latest casa,
says tho Chicago Post, is That OF three
men who seek to obtain possession of o
sum of five million dollars which has
been In tho hands of the French govern
tnent since tho time of the Grcut Napo-
Icon They orc Charles Francis dr
Thiery, OF Brooklyn, Jacob pfar, Of
Cincinnati, and Daniel Wolf, of tic
same city. and they claim to he the
heirs of one Joan Thiery, of Chategn
'Thiery, who died In Venice In 1910 He
left In the bank OF Venice eight hum
drcd thousand "ecus Ia croix," OF
ebout ten million francs, which no icft
to the descendants OF his fathers
brothers The Venetian republic re,
fused payment Of tho money on the
ground that the numerous claimants
had not satisfactorily proved their dc,
scent and It remnirlod in tho bank until
Napoleon seized I'LL tho money In tho
bunk and during his lifetime thoro wus
no use attempting TO dispute his action,
claiins were pub forward by tho hcire.
or alleged hcira Of the Thicry estate.
Those cLliIna weNe all rejected by tho
courts; one only excepted A Judgment
of the court ut Remircmopt dated May
Is, 1854, recognized Nine. Cotton as do
sccnding from Claude Thic.y, ono of tho
brothers Of the millionaire, Jesn
Thiery's father In spite of that dcci-
sion, however, Nine Cotton Dragged
her case from court TO court without
being able to obtain tho slightest satie-
faction In order to bring about o solur
ton to this intcrlninable GGPair, Certain
deputies mU-cd O resolution to tho CT
feet of granting tho claimant on inderD-
nifty of five hundred Thousand francs, To
consideration Of which sho should SAP
render III claims 70 the Inheritance
The ground upon which AIrno- Cottors
Claim was legally founded was as fol-
lows: Tho original sum OF money ovp-
ing to The heirs Thicry was deposits
deposit is not slbjcct to tho laws OF pro-
scription; in taking possession Of this
deposit the French treasury coslstitutod
itself the ncGotiOrurl gpstor of tho
Thicry heirs; it has continued to hold
the money by virtue OF tho sa,no title es
the hank Of Vonioo and It could 10 mon,
claim prescription than could tho banl;
itself, article 1890 Of the code civil for
bidding this, The parliamentary CON,
rnittcc pcnmptorily refused to enter.
tain such n proposition. From gcaclx,l
standpoint they feared that II they Gu
tcrtained H. IL would encourage tho COW
ctousncss of q number OF people, who
believe they ore being chnatcd out Of
their dues by the trcaslry. Tho COM
Inittcc Remembered thai II iTo1, afte,
vote of the assembly had authorized
claimants to come forward anh state
their cl;l1ns, moro than two Thousand
petitions were laid before tho judges.
none of which were taken into account,
1T is therefore CATO to say that it would
be quito useless If the Pfons and Volts
should cross tho Atlantic to Look otter
these millions, as they woslld surely be
disappointed In their expectations
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
THE POLKA.
IL Gsss znrszrtcd'm 1890 by IN Anstrtan
ENnnle Cook.

IL Nsss zn<sartcd1m 1880 by IN Anstrtan
FSnalc Cook.
The Ortgfn Of tho pollca Is being dis
cnssed in SOHO of tho Parisinn journals,
says CalignanL The universally popu-
lar dance is sGid to have been invented
IN 1880 by CD Austrian kitchen cook,
who. finding herself duh in the kitchen,
sang and danced to the now well-
known measure. Tho cooks mistress
having surprised her during the peifor-
nance She vvos requested to dance and
sing In the presence of the composer
Joseph Nernda, who took notes OF the
performance. The polka passed into
Prague, thea to Vienna, and was
danced for the FIRST time before the
Partisan public by Hungarian artist
ct the Odcol thcatar fl 1880. Plenty of
nniinatcd polka music was written s,ic-
ccssivcly by Lanncr, Strauss and Fran
els llunai. But the real polka mania
did not break ont in Paris till lSi4.
when it was danced with great success
Try select few VI tho Sale Valentino,
In the Elc Saint-Iionorc. the premises
now occupied by the Noucau tciruuc.
crowds used to assemble round the
dancers to admire the different pretty
figures which composed tho tr,no polka,
which was thnn acquired with great
difficulty, and yvas not tho simple close
of the rushing dance at present known
by that name, So popular was the pol
In In Paris nearly half century ago
tibet tho dancing masters had for CLIENT;
ladies' and gentlemen of Gil classes, and
even judges, lawyers and doctors did
not disdain to talee lessons in what was
then considered as one of the greatest
requirements Gnr ballroom dancer.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
TINES REveMGsS.
The into of Gen. aIiGuol Gorca, VINO IN,
trnycd tho Emperor aIaximilian.

The into of Gen. lIiSuol Gopos, Who IN,
trnycd tho Emperor a1nximilian.
1t Is now fully quarter of century
Since rncrciful dispcnsation Of Provi-
dcncc SO cloudcd tho Empress Carlottas
mind that She was sparcd single pany
OF grief when her royM husband Uas
slaughtered In Moxtco.
For nearly generation, SAYS the At,
lnnta Constitution, the widow of the
uaf6rtunato AIGximilinn hns remained
IL ignorance Of his faoe. But slowly,
and by almost JnpcrceptT5lo degrees, her
mind has Sc2ome clarified, md she Is
once more in the enjoyment of her fao-
ultics Looking backward through tho
long years OF darkness, TINT sad Mcxi.
can business in which she played tho
part of n heroine Sccns to her nearly q
dream. 1t Is we'll tot IL 10 60. CAP
lotta is not en- old woman. Sho is hard.
ly forty-tivc, nnd something In har
'futurc may get compensate her for hl.s
bitter past
BUt the same day thot her recovery
was announced also brought tho intclli-
gcncc that Gen. Miguel Lopez had becan
bitten by mad dog and yrss-undep tho
Pnstcur tTcetInent.
This Lopez was the trusted ofin.r
who betrayed 0lnximiltan to his blood
thissty cncrnies-thc wretch whose evil
work cansed Carlotta's ineanity. Aftoy
living all these long years. dcspised By
even hts own country,ncn, ond soorned
by his vito for his treason. he has per
hApS, mot his doom
What fate would DO more GttfnT for
this false friend, who sold his bcncfnc-
tor? 1t is hard TO believe thnt he Win
be cured lIo will snap and snarl and
foam 1T the mouth like rnbid hound.
He will rave il his paroxysms Of
mnniacal frenzy. To will tear his flesh
In his !:lal commissions and die Mlao o
wild beast.
Time brings It's r-vengcs as tho
traitor Lopez sinks out of sight in tho
lurid shadows now descending upon
him. his victim Carlotta comes onco
moro into the light Of day, seFenely
beautiful, once more herself, tho most
charming woman that has worn O
crown since Euge1ic IN her happkst
days Dissoivin9 view-ights md
shadov.s-they make up lifn.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22

Lieut.. SchwatlSa's stories about r1af-
ing mosquitoes in Alaska terrible
nuisance are confirmed by T. Hazard
Wells, tho chief OF tho Arlsell cxpc<li-
ton who recently returned from cur
northern possession Mr.. Wells and his
party came near starving In the sum
1ncT because all the game had left tho
low lands of the interior for rengc Of
Gigantic mountains TO the north Cer,-
bon. for instance, arc driven into hiGh
attitudes to avoid the mosquitoes Con-
corning tho killing Of bears by theeo
Insects. Mr., Wells Is now prepared to
vo,ich for the fact. They settle around
the eyes OF the poor br1ltes and carse
inflammation, which Is followed h7
blindness. The bear thea either Gies
OF starvation or TIE Inflammation esS
tends 10 the brain.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
MOVING SLOWLY.
The Arrangements For the En-
tertainment of the Editors.

The canvass for funds to provide an
entertainment for the Juniata Valley
Editorial Association next Thursday
evening was continued yesterday, but
with rather poor success. Ono more
day will be devoted 10 it, and at .. III.
to-day the committee will decide whether
or not the effort shall b, abandoned.
IhoSc OF our citizens who subscribed,
out did not pay at the time, are urged to
send Ill the amount they owe to-day, so
the committee will know how much is
in hand. No bills will DO contracted,
hence :he necessity for prompt payment
OF subscriptions.
Citizens who desire TO aid are reques-
ted to send in their contributions to
Tie TIMES office. The solicitor does
not desire to Slight any one, but in the
hurry and rush incident to q canvass he
may have missed some ono anxious to
help to the extent Of a few dollars
The ladies' committee named VS. err
day morning arc requested TO meet at
the Ponce dc Leon Hotel at D. III.
to-day for organization and consulta-
ton. u is hoped the attendance will
De large and prompt, and that every
iaoy named Will accept the light duty
imposed upon her. The ladies' OF Roam
oke should unite il extending a cordial
welcome to tho ladies. who will accom-
pany the Pennsylvania editors.
The general committee will meet at
THE TIMES editorial rooms at p. m.
to-day. Every member should make it
point to be present.
Governor Mckinney will meet the
visitors at Ponce de Leon Hotel Thurs
day evening.
The folling citizens arc requested to
act as the committee on transportation
James q. knepp, Horton Il Roberts,
W. G. Williams, c. I. Whaling, c. l..
Miller, Dwyer Bros. * Thomas, Bar
hour, Eodcrick !& Co.. NJ. r. C. Jordan.
W. II. Tinsley and T. +. Ludwig, chair
man.
The committee is requested 10 meet
at the Office of Simmons, Carpenter IL
Iinsicy at y. m to-day for consulta-
ton
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
a LOST DOG.
Ito S'Aereabouts Pointed Out t,y lIo7ns OF
Astrological Science

Ito SVae1eatouts Pointed Out t,y Moons of
Astrological Science
II is astonishing into what curious
end tifvinl details tho old nstrologers
yroro prepared to 60, says the St. Louis
Republic. There Is, for instance, soIne-
thing delightfully."- rich In the idea of
consulting end intcrTogatiDg the plan
cts US to the whereabouts Of a lost dog.
And yet this was done, as rotated by
William Libby, the great star-gazcE,
who givee full particulars as to his
method and success His account will
be food for the great army of the curl
Gus, and Is, therefore, quoted in full be-
low. After first drawing plan of the
hoavcns and showing tho position of the
planets at tho time he was consulted in
regard to tho dog, he continues Tho
.Quoiy with i.lc was: What part of the
city they should search; next, if they
slould ever recover him The siSnc of
Gcmini w0s west and by south; the
quarter Of the helvens was west.
Mercury, the signincntor of the dog,
was in 1ibrn, western signc, but
southern Quurtcr OF the hoavens,
tending to the west The moon
wus In Virgo, southwest sigte verg-
ing to western angle; the strength of
the testimonies examined. l found,
s!gnidcd the west Hnd. therefore,
Judged that the dog wos to the west
word Of the place where the owner
lived which was ct Temple Bar; where
fore Judged that the dog was about
Long Acre OF upper partc Of Dlury
lane II regard that MEoroury, signific:-
tor OF the boast, was ii siGne of the
saino triplicity thnt Gc:niri, his ascend
out, was, which signifies London, and
did not apply to the trino inspect of the
Sixth house, 1ugicd TINT the dog was
not out of the limo of communication
but IN tho a;L;ae quarter; Of whiche
was moio confirmed by tho sun and
Saturn and tlcir trino aspect. I
also jrdgcd that the dog was In some
chamber or upper room, kept privately
or IN grca" eccr>,cy, because the moon
was undar the beaIus of the sun, and
Mcic1lry, moon and Sun were in the
eighth house But, bccnuse tho sun on
Monday following did not apply by
trino TO Saturn, lord OF the ascendant, /
intimetcd that in my opinion he should
have his dog agnin, or news of him
upon Monday following, or nca. that
tnnc, which was true, for the dog was
sent to his master by On acquaintance
at ten In the morning of Monday, the
friend having found him IN Long Acre
in on upper room chaincd under q table,
Oil OF which wes To my rory great
credit"
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
LEMON EI.IEIIt.
Pleasant, Elegant, Reliable.

For biliousncss and constipation, take
Lemon Elixir.
For fevers, chlls and malaria, take
Lemon Elixir.
For sleeplessness, nervousness ana
palpitation of the heart, take Lemon
Elixir.
For indigestion and foul stomach
take Lemon Elixir.
For all sick and nervous headaches,
take Lemon Elixir
Ladies', for natural and thorough Or
ganic regulation, take Lemon Elixir.
DR.. Mozlcy's Lemon Elixir will not
fail you in any Of the abovc-namcd dis
eases, all Of which arise from a torpid
or diseased liver, stomach, kidneys or
bowels.
Prepared only hy Dr.. II. MozELy,
Atlanta, Ga.
soc and 81 per bottle, at druggists.
LEMON HOT DROPS
Cures all Coughs, Colds, Iioarscnoss,
sore Throat bronchitis, Iicmorrhage
and all THROAT and lung diseases. Elo
gAnt, reliable
IS cents AZ druggists. Prepared only
by Or. II. Mozc!y, Atlanta, Ga.
Cabinet making, re.upholstcring and
packing furniture a special branch of
the business with Copper Il Stone, 10
Salem avenue 5. Q.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
MAGNETISM or a SHERIFF.
INC Complete Asccndency lie I,ntoys Ore
the Minds of lila Prisoners

The Complete Asccndency lie I,n}oys Orer
the Minds of lila Prisoners
a rnnn VITO has told many stories
which havo appeared In this column is
responsible for tho following, saws the
New York Tribune: "Tulkinr about
the fear that criminals have for some
officers of tho law knew sheriff in
Swcctwntcr county, Wyn, whose power
over oesPcrndoes was C1nazinS He
seemed to 10 able TO make them DO any,
thing he chose except become rcspecta-
llo citizens. There Yves one fellow who
was notorious rufinn even among his
Lind. He spent nearly oil lis time in
tho clutches Of the lazy. Tie was y
gambler thief and undoubtedly q
murderer.
'Yct often when thnrs was Ganoep-
Gus work to bo Gone my friend, the
sheriff, would 60 around to the county
jail end fetch ont his most desperate
prisoner 70 assist him. He even went
so far al times Us TO release him entire
~, sending him on some mission. The
follow always camo back, reported to
the sheriff and submitted 10 boinor
locked UP without q nurlaus lie was
81 afrnid OF the sheriff that he did not
dare TO DO other than he wos ordered 10
do ought to say. however, that the
sheriff bad broken in his Wild friend
Ut their first meeting With the butt end
Of n ra--,lv-N-
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22

1t is reported that the Prince of
Wales, Emperor William. of Germany
and the Shah OF Persia. all seriously
contemplate visiting the Worlds Fair
in 1923.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
MAYORS COURT.

Mayor Evans disposed Of the follow
ing cases in his court yesterday morn
ing:
Joseph Thornton was before his
honor on the charge Of creating dis
turbance at the market house Thorn
ton stllc peach from very stirry
hucksier who made him put 1t down
Thornton then flew into great rare
and cursed and sworc with a vengeance
hlr. Rule, the market clerk. carried him
to police headquarters, ana the mayor
fined him 81 50.
The case of Robert Jones for stealing
money from j. II. keslor Was sent to
the magistrate.
Ed. Moore, tho negro arrested for
throwing dead rat N a Chinese laun-
dry; was dismissed.
Floyd Chatham, arrested by Officer
ilundley for trcsspassing on the rail
road; fined 50.
9. l.. i.anlcr,. arrested for vagran;y
and suspicion: dismissed
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA NOTES.

VIM. r. Peel, upholstcrcr, of Peters
burg, died Monday
Mr.. George Payne, of Eerklcy county,
w. Va, died Sunday, aged 81 years
Rev. Mr.. Shelley, of Staunton, has
accepted call to the passionate of a
Lutheran Church At Savannah, Ga.
General Lees offer of resignation
from the ckbridgc Company was de-
clined, and he will continue to serve as
president.
Reports from Marion say the crops in
all this region are simply enormous
They say that they never had such
corn and grass year. and there's no
counting the fat cattle upon thousand
hills.
project is on foot al Bedford City to
build an electric car line from chat
place to the Peaks of Otter on account
OF the large number Of visitors TO the
Peaks. 1t is thought it would pay hand
somely.
DR.. Hume Field, a distinguished sur
geon of the Confederate States army,
and for many years standing at the
head of his profession in Dinwiddie
county, died on Sunday, aged sixty-tw
William Il. Miller, of Parkorsburg.
w. Va, died Monday. lie was much
interested in archaeological research and
had collected a number Of fine spec-
mems. He had written number OF
articles on the richness of West Vir-
ginia territory in these specimens. lie
was member of thoWest Virginia His
torical Society and OF a similar one in
New York.
a rcd-not LEGAL option contest is in
progress at Fr ont Royal, Warren county.
Rev DR.. Wharton and Miss Ada
n. Mosher, OF Baltimore. arc engaged
en- the dry side of the contest. The
vote will be taken Monday next
The Pulaski News says 1877 buildings
are in course OF erection in that city,
the aggregate cost OF which will be
about $500, COO.
young man named Edward Kendall
was drowned last week while bathing
in Tygarts river, near Elkins, w. Va.
About 400 car loads OF coal ana coke
pass through Roanoke daily, cas-,
bound
There was special meeting OF the
citizens OF Eichlands held in Wysor's
hall on the l4th instant for the purpose
Ci organizing military and volunteer
fire company. There was large at
tendance, and after the meeting had
been called TO order. Mr. Mccall Was
elected chairman. ana l.. w. West Sc
rotary. After good bit Of discussion
over the ACCESSIBILITY OF forming a
militia, committee was appointed to
investigate further ana report at the
next meeting. The next thing in order
was the formation Of & volunteer fire
company, for which S,l2.5o was raised
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-08-22
DIR. FunAhouscr viii No, Come.

Rev George y. Funkhouser, d. d..
cannot be in the city next Sunday He
was Obliged TO return 10 Dayton, Ohio,
as the Union Biblical Seminary OF which
he is president will open September ..
This is great disappointment to both
pastor and people, as he is one of tho
United Brctbrcn's finest representative.
But it wai not the venerable doc .or's
fault, because he left his native city
with fun determination OF visiting
Roanoke. but his presence being i'm
pcrativcly needed At other places, he
was prevented from coming.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1891-02-20
The operate Season.

The engagement Of the Emma Juch
grand opera company, which closed at
Olympia Theatre Tuesday night, has
afforded our people an opportunity OF
witnessing performances seldom seen
outside OF large city. Miss Juch is
not the only artistic in the combina-
ton; in fact il would be difficult to
discover 4 poor voice or an Indifferent
performer in any OF the leading parts,
and the chorus and orchestra were
simply grand. Monday night Carmen
was substituted for the piece billed
Taunhauser, as by accident the music
of that play had been left at Tacoma.
This created some dissatisfaction
among the ticket holders, but what
ever Of disappointment that existed
before the curtain went up was dis
PEELED by the sweet melody OF the
charming opera and its magnificent
rendition. Truly" music hath charms"
as was demonstrated by the effect upon
several who had refused to be COM
forted until the magic spell so en-
raptured their senses that their tongues
were silent.
The matinee, Tuesday afternoon
was poorly attend, although Verdi's
grand creation, IL Trouvatore was the
attraction. Miss Jaunachowsky took
the leading part, and Miss Juch did
not appear. In some respects this
lady is the equal OF Juch, but she per
forms at disadvantage by being COM
PEELED to pose continually as the lesser
light.
The elimination of the grand must
cal treat, occurred Tuesday night,
when Taunhauser was produced. 1t
is one of Wagncr's best compositions,
and presented as it was by one Of the
leading singers OF the world, a splendid
support, an ample chorus, a superb
orchestra, and fine accessories through
out, no wonder that it carried the
audience by storm.
At the conclusion of the second
night there was not Il kicker" in the
large audience that was present. All
felt that they would not have missed
the score just rendered for any posi-
bic substitute, not even the Flying
Dutchman," which the company,
from circumstances over which they
had no control" were unable to pre-
sent as advertised.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1891-02-20
The State Legislature.

In the afternoon Monday the iol'
lowing were introduced:
House bill No. PIG by Chambers
for the survey and improvement OF the
capital grounds and erection of build
ings pending the erection OF a per
manent capital; to State Library and
Public Grounds.
House bill No. 2I7 by Bothell, regu
lating the business of logging; to For
restrv.
House bill No. 2lS by Sharpstein
pertaining to the establishing OF public
libraries in cities; to State Library and
Public Grounds.
House bill No. 2l9 by Painter, regu
lating the manufacture and sale o
products of the penitentiary; to Penn
Tertiary.
House bill No. go by Painter, ap
propriating money for improving tn,
penitentiary; to Penitentiary.
House bill No. 22I by Putney, t.
protect occupants of real estate under
cover OF title; to State Lands.
Candy introduced joint resolution
that there be no session of either
House on Thursday, the day Of Gen
Sherman funeral; adopted.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1891-02-20

Chief Savidge left this morning to
bring him back to town and he will
ar. i've tonight with his prisoner.
The County Commissioners at their
special session on the 18th, opened the
bids for building the new court house,
according to the plans submitted by
architect Richie. There were six pro-
positions, as follows: From Lillis &
Gross, Tacoma, $3.50, 900, and an extra
charge for ruble stone of $l3 per cubic
ward; C. L. Cornwall, Olympia, Sll9,-
$50. and 81 500 for extra stone work I;
Nelligan & Garrety. Seattle, SILT 'OOO,
and extra stone work 40 cents per Gu
bic foot; Robert Snively, Seattle, Sl2l,
745. and extra stonework 30 cents per
foot w. A. Rogers, Olympia, Tl33,3S3,
and $3.50 for extra stonework; John
Rigbv, Seattle, $I07, 800, and $1,000
for extra stoncwork. The contract
was awarded tins afternoon 10 MI
Rigby at the amount of his bid and
$1,000 additional for four feet more OF
elevation rendered necessary 10y the
Northern Pacific grade, making Sll''-
800.
Mr.. Alexander Farquhar evidently
believes in taking business view OF
the old phoenix legend. Near the site
OF his large building recently destroyed
by the wind storm, he Is erecting
...-ucture $50 feet long by 40 feet wide
anu ;nree stories high. Although Ills
first bun. Ing was not destroyed by iire
as was the ancient bird, Lis new ouiid
ing will be largely composed oil the
material reclaimed from the runs VI
the old one. The uses OF the new
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1891-02-20
Liver Observation-Disclosures

The chief symptoms of this disease
are depression of spirits, foul coated
tongue, bad tasting mouth, disagree
able breath, dry skin, with blotchcs
and eruptions, sallov complexion and
yellow eyes, tired, aching shoulders,
dull pain in right side, faintness, dizzi-
ness and Irregular bowels. This COM
plant in all of its forms can he readily
cured by taking DIR. Gums Improved
Liver Pills as directed, and lingering
spell of sickness will often be warded
Off by their use. Sold at % cents Il
box by MARI & Ross.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1891-02-20

Out of 1857 cough, syrups manufac-
turcd in the L. s., but one has been
found to be entirely free from opiates
and that is the California Positive and
Negative Electric Cough Cure which is
the best on earth for coughs, cold Group,
etc. Sold by Mari & Ross.