The Princeton union., 1891-12-03
only the largest and best form q I
kept for stock.
Dairy Facts and Suggestions.

own cows than to buy them here,
there and yonder, not knowing what
sort OF cattle they may be. Careful
selection Of calves whose sires and
dams are known is much more likely
TO secure good COWS than picking up
random animals anywhere and every
where.
| Ihe loss of few ounces of butter
everyday amounts to considerable in
the course OF O year. The loss may
occur in raising the cream or in churn-
Ing; and it is a good idea to test both
the skimmilk and the buttermilk by
letting them stand for twelve hours
or more, and watch the result.
AS butter usually fetches a much
better price in winter than in summer
It IS worth some pains to secure as
large supply OF milk as possible in
cold weather. This may be done by
supplying the cows with warm, com
PORTABLE quarters, and giving an
abundant supply OF milk-making
food. A shivering, half-fed COW will
be as stingy OF milk as her owner is of
care and food.
Sweet cream may be churned as
well as sour, but, says adairy author
lty, 1T must be reduced in temperature
to 50 or Sd degrees, according to the
GOODNESS of the weather. A new milk
ing machine, invented by two Iowa
men, is said by those who have seen
| it, to do the work in the most exact
and business-like manner. It is on
the principle of all such machines
the creation of a vacuum by means OF
an air pump-and may be applied
simultaneously to any number Of
COWS. 1t can be worked by q one
horse tread power-or, as an exchange
suggests, by bull power, thus utilizing
that lordly and irascible beast; or
water or steam power might be en-
ployed. If, on further trial, it proves
to be all that is said of it, and does
not dry up the cows, rather an impor-
tant point to be determined, it will
enable many farmers to enlarge their
herds, which are now necessarily re-
stricted by the cost of labor for
milking.
7 It is good thing to remember that
a poor COW will not yield her owner a
| profit, however cheaply her food may
be produced or bought, or how much
is given her.
Good dairy utensils are important,
but much more important in making
the best quality of butter are pains
taking care, scrupulous neatness and
continual thoughtfulness to prevent
the contamination OF milk, cream,
butter, churns, ETC., by fumes, gases
and other obnoxious agents.
Wintering Potatoes. Cabbages, ,Tur-
/ nips, Etc.
/ Potatoes and turnips are usually
kept in best condition in pits, out
| door. Select a dry, well drained spot,
make an excavation say four: feet
wide, one to two deep, and OF length
| required to accomodate the quantity
I of potatoes or turnips on hand. Put
| them in a conical heap, cover with a
six-inch layer of straw and several OF
soil, well packed down. At. the ap-
proach of cold weather put on anoth-
er layer Of straw, and finally a good
covering OF soil. The latter should be
patted down and made smooth, so it
will ,shed water. Drainage is neces-
sary to carry off the surplus rainwat-
er. Potatoes need slightly heavier
covering than turnips. Leave some
ventilation,- as, for instance, by a
straw band, reaching from the inside
OF the heap to the outside on top, for
the escape OF gasses and to prevent
heating
| Cabbages can also be wintered in pits,
but should not be covered so heavily,
as they can stand considerable cold,
and rot is more to be feared than
freezing. A good way is to place q
sort of board roof, rather open, over
the conical heap OF cabbages, and
cover this with layer Of litter and
soil on the outside. The ends are
simply stuffed with straw. This
affords easy access to the heap all dur
ing the winter, and gives good ventila-
ton. A third way is as follows: Open
! up a furrow in a dry spot, and clean
this out with a spade or shovel Then
set the cabbages, head downward,
with outside leaves nicely wrapped
over the heads, in single row, or in
double row, with another row on top.
in the furrow SO they will stand
closely together. Then plow a furrow
against them from both sides, form
ing a ridge, with cabbage roots stick
ing out on top, which ridge should be
finished off with a spade or shovel
Z. Greiner, in Practical Farmer.
| ..a% P0lntarS for Earr,arS
It is said that of 1O,757 farms in
Utah 9,727 are made fertile by irriga-
ton.
Wemust apply manure for good
crop of grass as much as for corn or
| grain.
In no place is skilled labor needed
more than on the farm, where of all
places it is now least appreciated.
The comic side of farming appears
when those complaining OF hard times
leave their reapers and binders out
| to take the weather.
Enough water falls on most barns
in q year to water all the stock kept