Morning journal and courier., 1891-03-13

first place there is socialism, then my so- cialism, then the socialism of France, and, finally, socialism in England. I will re- ply to you upon all those points" Then raising his fine head the cardinal contin- ued:
 "You talk to me about socialism. Now do you even know what socialism is. don't. Oh, l have occupied my whole life in endeavoring to find it out, and proba- ply that is the reason why they call me 8 socialist. But have never been able to discover it. Everything ought to have s definition, and in mathematics I only ad- init the existence of that which can be re- duced to an equation. But have yainly sought for the equation of socialism. asked four persons to write out for me a definition of socialism, and they gave me four different answers. Have you not had the same experisncei'
 "Yes, your Eminence," replied, land I must say that 1 have obtained the same negative result. 1 remember particularly the replies of two Parisian workmen at & socialistic banquet. I was seated between them and asked each one the same ques- tion. My neighbor on the right replied, Socialism means the priests And my neighbor on the left informed me that So cialisra was the bourgeois
 W ell, Lu0 DtlleNS that socialism is evil. Everything that is social is benefit, but between the social and socialism there is as much difference as between reason and rationalism. Socie- ty is as benefcent as reason; socialism is as injurious as rationalism. Civil and po- litical society is nothing more than human society, and, consequently, all legislation ought to be essentially social and conser- vative of society. On the other hand, so- cialism which aims at the overthrow of ac- tual society is subversive and destructive. We have, therefore, the social organiza- tion' and socialism The first comprises every social phenomenon, and is domina- ted by two factors, the moral and the eco homie. The moral factor consists in the sentiment of reciprocal duties, the unity of the human race and the benefits of the social union. The economic factor con sists in the practical execution of these sentiments. This socialism is the social ism of organization and of legislation. The other socialism, on the contrary, has almost nothing in common with the organ ic and social phenomena. It is purely pc litical, and is formulated by two factors, the immoral and the turbulent. The i'm moral factor consists in the progress of in dividualism in this conceited age, which destroys families and divides interests that are common by nature. The second factor consists in the troubles produced by this individualism in which there can be no connection between laws and needs. Such a socialism is the socialism of disor- ganization and of revolution. That is the one that is referred to when socialism is spoken of; and it is the complete denial of socialism, because, when we say social ism,' we should mean society, legislation, evolution, transformation, and not de struction. Consequently, 1 wish it to be clearly understood that l am not social ist. 1 don't believe that the way to make people happy is to destroy them.
 ''Social organization is thoroughly Eng fish; socialism, on the contrary, is Conti mental. Therefore we must not confound them. And when people speak on the Continent about my socialism they are mistaken, because I cannot be socialist, being an Englishman, and socialism hay ing no existence ill England. In fact, with us this organization, moral and eco homie, has existed for hundreds of years Cooperation is the typical form of social ism, and cooperation has existed for more than thousand years in this country. It constitutes, so to say, the bed rock of it. Our modern English towns nothing more than agglomerations of cooperative industries; and our laws, which consecrate customs, are entirely in accordance with tho needs of our people, whose customs and affinities have ever been industrial. Our laws are the laws of labor, and our labor troubles come only from accidental and superficial causes. Moreover, these industrial corporations, having grown into cities, are subject to the great social factor, the moral factor. England is not Catholic country, and, nevertheless, she has within herself such profound reli- gious feeling that the purity of her senti ments has outlived that of her acts. You have recently had an opportunity to judge of this in the fall of that wretchcd Par nell through his miserable adventure.
 ''On the Continent socialism exists, and you must combat it. You must resist that individualism which renders the gov erning and the governed strangers to each other. firmly believe in the solution of the social question, which is doubted only by those who do not understand it. \ single man, Lord Shaftesbury, has been able during his lifetime to ameliorate the condition of two million five hundred thousand persons, thanks to the laws in regard to the labor of women and clIil- dren in workshops. You can do as much, provided you resist socialism and unite in one single political party.
 And since they are saying great deal about Christians and socialism in France, I will tell you what 1 think upon that sub iect. A Christian socialism is impossible, because the Christian faith organizes and is not destructive. Human society attains its perfection in Christian society, of which socialism would be the destroyer. The Temps, generally better informed, de- clares that the Holy Father is against me. The Holy Father condemns socialism, but not the social evolution, and socialism l reject entirely. Along with the Pope look with delight upon that splendid French movement, of which NJ. le Comte Albert de Nun is the powerful leader, which tends to obtain social laws, not so- cialistic. Every patriotic Frenchman should join that movement for the welfare of the working classes. It is movement in which all diversities of political opin- ion ought to disappear. It means the well being, I may say even the safety, of the French people. In order to arrive at that social amelioration the stability of present society, the maintenance of the present state, is essential. Let there be no more divisions"