The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-02-01

and farm land would be lnestmably bene.
hted by 1t. There can be 10 loss, for earll
lambs are always marketable and wool vii
yield a small preiit.
Many pieces Of grass land can not be
piowed, and have become sod bound aud
unproductive. In this condition they d.
| not furnish the material for their own 10.
storation. some outside help must be given,
and if the field has been long cut for hay.
mineral manures are probably needed, To-
| gother with nitrate oi soda, a. the Lrass be-
| gins 90 start There is less chance Of waste
Of nitrate OF soda applied at any time on
| grass than with cultivated crops. as grass
will grow wherever 10 is applied, wher-
ever water runs. even from melting SHOWS.
The vitality Of the first layingof eggs in
winter is generally quite rs great as that OF
those laid later. and much higher than the
last run Of eggs in midsummer. when the
h .ns are getting ready 10 m0ut. L. is very
important, however. that eggs laid now be
not at all chilled before being placed ia the
incubator or under hen. Thy do not
need 10 freeze % destroy vitality. Merely
reducing the temperature 10 forty degrees
| above zero will make many Of them begin
to addle as soon as warmth IS applied M
ste Il Of developing the chick a. 10 should.
Among the most careful experiments in
the prevention Of apple scab is toe series
conducted by l.. :. GOT. OF Wisconsin eX-
i'eriment station, OF which the following is
summary: IL was found that seven spray
ings, at intervals OF about two weeks. from
My 18th 10 August 10Th, with solution
composed Of T. f. ounces carbonate OF copper
one quart aqua-ammOnia and ninety quarts
water, 50 far prevented the growth Of the
apple scab fuL gus as TO increase the num-
Der Of first quality apples by more than 10
times, and 10 decrease the number of third
quality apples by almost fourteen times.
The old practice OF using tons Of straw
merely as bedding. often throwing il in the
barnyard. TO be- trOdden under foot. is not
50 common as II once was Analysis OF straw
shows that it contains much valuable feed.
but not in the right proportions. The use
OF lnseed meal or Of cOttOn-sced meal with
straw balances the ratio. and at the same
time adds nearly enough value T. the
manure heap To make u pay the expense.
Themanure made by tramplng straw under
foot Is scarcely worth drawing any long
distance In fact, on most farms IL has to
be piled up and rOtted down 10 reduce its
bulk before it is in good condition tor use.
One Of the reasons why hens DO not lay 20
many eggs in winter is lack Of water In
VERY cold weather hens will stick TO their
to either eat or drink until half starved.
Then, probably, they lind the water frozen
over. and eat snow instead. No wonder
under such circumstances hens grow light
IN weight and their egg production Is post
poned indefinitely. Let IL always be re-
membered Tn It when "a hen suffers lack Qi
food or drink the eggs which size contains
are absorbed TO sustain life. and a5 they are
at this stage very small, they are dearer feed
than eggs fully grown, cooked, and prepared
tor their Use.
one of the greatest advantages Of undei
draining is ia its effect Of increasing pOrosi'
ty of the soil Wet laud never freezes very
deeply. As the strata OF water near the sur
face turns into ice, and prevents further
progress Of cold downward. Remove TINS
surplus water and the moist soil expands as
its moisture freezes. This raises It, and
when the soil tbaws the soil remains little
HIGHER than before. Each year this freezing
goes little deeper, until IL gets 10 the frost
line IN the coolest weather, usually two or
three feet deep. This is the depth at which
the uuderdrain must De laid 10 be perna-
nent. as in shallow drains frost quickly dis
places either tile or stone waterc0urses.
The main benefit To- De derived from salt
! is as "A solvent. and thus rendering other
manures and the natural f-rtiilt. OF the so'l
more available. j., therefore. best used
on la"u 'n1t Na' It. -''' ,,-r,',.. 4
matter, OF Ii"1 ni' ",eD .,..,',.,
other "4'e' IDl''' "',' Cd" ~.
and is more "iiei'i, u,e'". ,' ,,... . .',
constitutes nh lniI Do -''"' l''. "a 'n'''
stance. h't p''''1 '''"'e 'iu.0r,s .',,s ~
,''u,i. '''i,. ', M'- nal ~ ..i,
uel'7 ~ H.. .,,,.i..,'i ,.,,...-
per- ''i .' W. an ''' . i.......''..',,. d.
l'Ae' q ' y. u' t.a-.,,i,.,,.. 3D..
puanNl' ID '''
evenly ny "a Careful -''e'.
Where SUGAR.. ets arr grown BOZ quinlI -
Tor sugar production tLey are gathered Dbl
tn1 flloWin. fashion. "a number % Oh --
-in- pl0ws. each drawn ul Two horses aft
kept constantly running. and each has 20
crew 0t men Wh1 throw ihe upf'oicl ",et-