The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-07-05

view TO aid all seekers after knowledge OF gea-
eral Interest.
No opinion will be given in tins column regard
Ing Inc reliability or character OF any person or
INNS In this city or elsewhere.
Questions answers TO which are Ia the nature
OF an advertisement, VIII not be answered.
Every inquiry must have the true and full
name OF the sender, as we'll as the correct resi-
oence. Any inquiry that has not the
rect name and address of the sender will
be treated rs If IL was not signed, and the
writer need not expect answer.
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER-J. ?. A.,
City. Paper-and its kinds are numerous
is usually composed of vegetable fbers
infinitely divided and recombined in thin
sheets, either by simple drying in contact or
with the addition of size or some other ad-
hesive material. The principal materials
used are cotton ana linen rags, waste paper,
straw esparto grass, wood, cane, jute and
manila. But. besides these, other substances
in the vegetable world have been used with
greater or less success. Rags ara made
into pulp by first washing, then boiling for
about ten hours in an alkaline solution;
they are then put in an engine, which is an
oblnng vat, having In the middle a cylinder
with blunt knives all around its sur
face, and beneath 1t block, like
wise covered with knives, this cylinder
making about $50 revolutions per minute.
Water runs into the vat at one side and
flows out at the other with almost equal
rapdity. Meanwhile the rags are carried by
the flowing water around the cylinder,
which is placed near enough to the bloc to
separate their fibers considerably in the
movement This process lasts about four
hours and the rags are then drained and
placed for three hours i'll the bleaching vat,
containing strong solution of chloride of
lime or some other bleaching material, and
which has also central revolving cylind er
upon block with knives, so that the ma
terial is cut still finer. 1t is then put in the
heater, another vat OF similar construction.
in which the revolving cylinder is so close
that 1t beats upon it in its reyolu-
tionss and thus in the course Of
four or five hours reduces The substance
to a fine pulp. Waste paper is put into
boilers through which hot solution OF soda
passes continually to remove printers ink;
then 1t Is put through the washing, bleach
ing and heating engines as rags are, the
processes occupying much less time, how
ever. Straw. esparto and other grasses are
chopped hno with cutters and then boiled
with strong solution of caustc soda to dis
solve the gummy matter. After this the
substance is reduced to pulp, very much as
described before. Wood pulp is made by
first reducing the wood to chips, then boil
ing IN very strong solution of cauStic soda
under tremendous pressure; then it is
washed and bleached, and in the heating
engine usually mixed with a certain proper
ton OF rag pulp, as paper made of pure wood
lacks cOheslyeness. Cane pulp is made
by a process which consists in putting
the stripped cane in cylindrical boilers and
then introducing steam until the pressure
OF 80 pounds 10 the square inch is obtained
The cylinders cover is then removed, and
the escaping steam hurts the cane with such
force against surface thirty feet away as
TO reduce it to a mass of brown pulp, in
which form it is used to make roofing and
wrapping paper, though it may also be
bleached and beaten and made into white
paper Manila and jute are boiled in
rotary boilers with milk of lime if plain
brown paper is desired, with caustic soda if
white quality is wanted. Hand making
OF paner was formerly the rule, but is now
almost wholly abandoned for the use of
machinery. Rice paper, so called, is not
paper made from the rice plant. be-
cause 1t is impossible to make paper
from plant which has no fiber, which is
the case with the rice plant. 1t is made of
the thin slices of the pith of the plant Aralia
papyrifera- Iithographic paper is prepared
from good printing paper by laying on one
side of the sheets preparation of starch,
alum and gum arabic dissolved in warm
water and applied with brush while hot,
though generally little gamboge is added
to give it the yell0wiSh hue. Copying paper
for manifold writing is made by applying
composition of lard and black lead to one
side or both sheets of writing paper, and af.
ter leaving 1t on for day or so, carefully
and smoothly scraping it off and wiping it
with a soft cloth. Tracing paper is good
printing paper rendered transparent by
brushing it over with mixture of Canada
balsam and oil Of turpentine. or nut oil aud
oil OF turpentine. Blotting paper is unsized
paper and colOred.
A CoCK-AND- BULL SToRY-H. II. K.
Freeport, Cal. The Qnery Column has been
unable with the aid of one of the best au-
thorties on matters marine to find any trace
of the remarkable story in your query that
merchant vessel named Severn sailed
from San Francisco to Valparaiso between
1869 and 1897 in command Of Captain John
F. Turner and a crew of men; that the lat.
ter mutinied. killing the captain and others
that the vessel was burned within 200
miles of Chile; that two or four men
aud one woman drifted in the long
boat to some island (name undecipher-
ahle) and there found Fifteen children
drifted from another vessel to that place
and the only inhabitants of the island"
The only vessel of that name leaving this
port for foreign or Atlantic voyage during
the period qu0ted-lS60 to 1S70-was the
British bark Severn, Hastings master, 1893
tons, built in 1867, hence March 4, 1869, for
Cork. She was in Loyd's list of 1874 and
probably later. Only one Captain Turner
has been traced in that time as sailing to
foreign ports and he had the British bark
Roslyn in 1863 The disaster list of Frisco
traders is free from 1860 to 1870 from such
occurrence to any vessel or any CAPTAIN.
Furthermore shipping authorities never
heard of the yarn" as having occurred at
any time.
OPENING A ROAD. b., City. A hav-
ing hOmesteaded quarter of section in
Monterey County with the only practicable
roadway to the same over BIS quarter sec
ton, and obstlnately refusing to give the
right of way over his land, it yet may be,
from all that appears in your query, that A
may avail himself of the section of the
Political Code which declares that private
roads may be opened, laid out, ETC., for the
convenience o. one or more residents or free
holders of any road district in the same
manner that public roads are opened by
petition to the County Supervisors,
appointment aud report OF viewers and
giving the required bond. the statute pro-
viding that when practicable such roads
must be upon section or half section lines.
Of course grant or prescription dispenses
with the necessity of any proceedings.
However, in case such as yours. it is best
TO put the matter into the hands of or to
consult some reliable attorney.
CALIFORNIA REGIMENTs--J. P. A., City,
California had no regiments in the East
during the War of the Rebellion. The 100
and 400 men recruited here and sent East
respectively as the California 1907 and the
California Battalion" were assigned to the
Second Massacbuset IS cavalry regiment
to fill that States quota. The so-called
First California Regiment of Colonel L. ID.
Baker, who was killed at Balls Bluff, was
recruited of former Californians, princi-
pally in New York and in Philadelphia, and
the regiment is carried on the records as
the Seventy-first Pennsylvania Infantry.
FRATERNAL INsURANCE-T. II. F., City.
Your seven questions regarding co-opera-
tive insurance societies and like features of
fraternal orders are viOlative of the spirit