davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
"Wednesday, December 80, 1891
A oHURoH ON FIRE.

Summeraeld M. Il. Church Dana
aged Abo1t Four Hundred Dollars
Last Night.
Last night ut about Ills an alarm of
fire was rung from box 513. Aboy named
Hendricks, who was passing the Summer
field N. E. church on Dixwell avenue, saw
smoke issuing from the building. he gave
the alarm and engines Q. 8 and and the
@rial truck responded in short order.
The FIRE had burned large hole In the
floor near the entrance. The fremen soon
had the blaze under control
The FIRE had burned near the entrance to
q considerable extsnt and IL viii be some
time before the place will be put in order
again.
An investigation showed that the FIRE
had caught from . register.
Rev. Mr.. Tolles, pastor of the church,
said that the place was insured and the in
surance was held by the mortgage. The
insurance he thought would cover the loss.
Chief Hendricks estimated the loss at
about $500.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
entertainments.
HYPERION THEATER.

The comic opera "Pearl of Pekin,"
which was presented last evening, was
witnessed by large audience. The lead
ing parts in the play were all well taken,
Mrs Edwin Chapman taking the part of
"Tyfoo," Miss Irene Verona that of Fin
cite, Ida Stembler that of the "Pearl of
Pekin." All of these pleased the audience
immensely. So much could not be said of
the chorus of French waiter girls and the
chorus in general did not seem to be up to
the standard of the rest of the company.
Some very clever juggling was done by
Johnny Williams. Oscar Girard in the
rather difficult role of "Sosoriki," was
worthy of special mention Operas of
this kind seem to catch the popular taste
nowadays, as is exhibited by the phe-
nomenal success of "Tar and Tartar" and
"Wang.
esThe Lost Paradise" Mr.. De Miles new
American play, will be the attraction Fri
day and Saturday of this week, with matt
nees both days. s'The Lost Paradise" is
another triumph for the members of Mr..
Charles Frohman's stock company as well
as for Mr.. De Mile. There is not a part
that is not well and strongly acted, and a
number of them are of distinctive excel
lence.
Gus Williams comes to the Hyperion on
Monday night next in q comedy new to
New Haven, known under the title of
'sKeppler's Fortunes" play whose CEN
| trail character is German butcher, and an
| amusing one at that. The play has been a
| Success everywhere presented. Sale of seats
| opens Friday.
GRAND OPERA HOUSE.
Hoyt's laughing farce-comedy GA Bunch
of Keys" was presented again last night to
crowded house. This is one of the best
of the Hoyt plays and has many limitations,
among which Grimes Cellar Door" has
attained some note. The singing and
dancing are bright and original and wers
enjoyed by all present. The last perform
ances will be given this afternoon and
evening.
The new ttMuggs Landing" with Lzzi,
Derious DAILY in the cast, comes for thret
nights, commencing tomorrow evening.
1 PRocToR's OPERA HOUSE.
| Scott Marbeps play of police life IL
Chicago, s'The Police PATROL" is one of tn
most powerful and sensational melo
dramas of recent years, will be the attrac
ton tomorrow and Friday, with specia
matinee on New Years day. A most elab
| crate production is promised, as the com
pany carries its own special scenic AM
mechanical effects.
Il "Ship Alloy" Donnelly & Millers farci
cal opera will be the attraction Saturda
afternoon and evening, and presented b
i the original Boston company.
BELLS DnHE MUSEUM.
Bells museum presents this week Ell
, tirely new attractions, which include ii
|. beautiful Illusion of Aphrodite rising fro
l the sea, trapeze chair balancing feat an
. a daring slack wire act. Performir
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Tuesday evening
December 20, 1891, at the residence of the BRIDE
by the Rev. A. D. Vail, D. D., ]. NJ Pierpont
and Mrs. Carrie M. Holbrook daughter Of the
late William Moulthrop; both of this city
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
COURSE TICKETS, RESERVED SEATS,
Al. 30. $500, SO so.

The Sale Of COURSE Ilckets Tor both courses
viii begin on MONDAY morning next, January 4,
at box office.
As the demand is already very great. and as
the rule was long ago necessarily made Of no
more than 10 tickets for any course TO any appii
can't parties are advised TO combine their orders
50 that one may be empowered to buy for Others
1 In blocks Of 10.
daa BURDrrT 6 NORTH, Managers.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
1HtsreQanenms.
THE SKIN

The SklN
Is an important factor in keeping good
health; If 1t does not act in the way in
tended by nature, its functions are per
formed by other organs-the Kidneys and
the Lungs and the result is a breakdown
of general health.
SWift's Specific
Is the remedy of nature to stimulate the
skin to proper action. In never fails in
this and always accomplishes the purpose.
Send for oun treatise on the Blood and
Skin Diseases.
SWIFT SPECIFIC Co., Atlanta, Ga.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30

NF the the Munieipai auaranty Company' n De-
~ nominations $1,000 $500, 500. Coupons
payable semi annually. Principal payable in five
principal payable in gold coin in New York city.
These trust bonds are direct obi legation of the
Municipal Guaranty Co. and they have deposited
to secure the payment of the same with the trus-
tees Cthe New York Security and Trust Co. of
municipal bonds. THE CHAs. ". SCRANTON
CO, "a Center street d3O
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
FOUR MEN KILLED.

DfsastrOus Collision ON the Hannf-
bal and st. Joseph Ra1lroad-Cattle
Burned I'm the wreck.
ST. LOUIS, Dec. 29.-A special to the
Post Dispatch from Chillicothe, No., says:
By mistake in the train orders disas-
trous. collision occurred between two
freight trains on the Hannibal and st.
Joseph railroad, seven miles east of here,
at 8 o'clock this morning, resulting in the
death of four train men and the fatal
wounding of two others. The dead are:
Engineer Busbee, Firemen Barry and Price
and Brakeman Gilmore. Brakeman Bell
was taken from beneath pile of debris
and is 80 badly injured that he cannot live,
while Engineer Hannah has received inter
nal injuries and will die. Eleven cars of
cattle were wrecked. The wreck caught
fire and the animals were slowly roasted to
death.
GLADsTONK,s BIRTHDAY.
His Kixhty-second Anniversary Cele-
brated ut Hawarden Despite the
Premier's Absence.
LONDON, Dec. 29.-William Ewart Glad
stone is eighty-two years old to-day. Mr..
Gladstone Is at present at Biarritz,
French watering place on the Bay of Bis
cay, where he Is seeking to recruit his
strength in order to perform the parlia-
mentary duties before him.
The Gladstone residence at Hawarden is
deserted of all its occupants save the house
hold servants, but this fact did not in the
least detract from the enthusiasm mani
tested by the villagers and others on the
occasion of the occurrences of Mr. Glad
stones birthday. Early this morning the
church bells rang peal after peal in honor
of the event, and the day was observed as
far as possible in the manner usual when
the family is present. The usual rejoic-
ings were INDUCED in on all sides, and the
celebration, If it may be 30 termed, passed
off very successfully.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
BELLS prsE MUSEUM

Bells museum presents this week en-
tirely new attractions, which include the
beautiful Illusion of Aphrodite rising from
| the sea, trapeze chair balancing feat and
q daring slack wire act. Performing
l birds, songs and sketches, etc.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
MAN. Year,s Nav.

NtN NtHITb DaJs
The Veteran and Sons of Veterans asso-
Citations give q reception at their hall, No.
% Insurance building.
The Harmony club opens their handsome
hall New Years night, when 1t viii be in
spected, by invitation of the club, by 4
large number of the prominent people of
this city.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
At st, THOMAS, church,

At 81. Thomas, Church.
Rev. William E. Besrdsley, nephew of
the late DR.. Besrdsley, who has otieisted for
for some time as assistant rector at st.
Thomas church, will continue to oficiats
at the church, and it is not probable that
any change will be made.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
MARINE LIST.
.AuctiOn Sale

FOUND,
&S A valuable dog. Inquire at Cedar
ASDSA Hill Depot. dSQ Bit
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
MINIATURE ALMANAC.
DECEMRER IN
MARRIAGES

guH RIsrs, 7:1si NOOK RISES, HIGH war
6uN Sxra. 4:31 7:O4 9:52
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30

NOTICE.
TH. SOCIN, the well known piano tuner and
~ repairer, respectfully announces to his
friends and the public generally that he has dis
posed of his business and will in short time en-
gage in selling pianos. He tenders his thanks to
his old friends and patrons for past favors and
hopes for future patronage Orders for tuning
and repairing should be sent to him at "A Pearl
street, where they will receive prompt atten-
ton. d30 2tt
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30
FOR SALE.

FUR SALE,
- The house and lot No. 36 High street, be-
It'll tween Chapel and Crown streets, lot 48
wv feet front by 1853 feet deep. This house
has thirteen good rooms, besides basement and
attic rooms. This house is laid out for two fam
lies There is room for another house on the lot.
For terms apply to HUGH J. REYNOLDS,
d29 If 152 Crown street.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30

Auction Sale
OF consigned household goods at 446 State
~ street, Thursday, Dec. 31st, at 10 a. m.
$50 ct B. BOOTH, Auctioneer.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1891-12-30


1s:f Whole house, modern improvements,
Al rooms, central rent, $31 month.
sA d80 1t HUMANS Agency So Church st
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

JAMAICA, l.. l., March iO.-Twenty-
five Polish Jews, all striking cloak
makers, came from New York yesterday
and attacked the store of fellow
countryman named Greenbaum, who
does contract work for manufacturer.
They broke open the doors, destroyed
the furniture Of the place and $500
worth of goods, on which they poured
vitriol, severely beating Greenbaum
and his wife. Greenbsum's 4-year-old
child was badly burned with the acid
The cries of the Greenbaums brought a
crowd, when the strikers fled. Only
WAS identified as the one throwing the
yitriol
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

New York. March 1o.-The light
weights, Jimmy Hagen. of Phiadel-
phia, and Tommy Danforth, of this
city, had their glove contest in Hobo.
ken last night, and while the contest
lasted but Que minute a1d forty.fiye
seconds more than one round, the play
during the time that the fight was GO
ing on was 50 Fast and interesting that
the 400 spectators, who paid s. each for
admission, declared that they were well
satisfied with the show they had for
their money. Hagen knocked ths New
Yorker down three times clean. Dan
forth was game aud got upon his feet
twice, but tho last tins he had to lay
on the stige like dummy The mill
showed the winner to be first class
man,
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
NUGGETS or NEWS.

king" Kelly AMI Magnate Byrnes dis
cussed baseball in Cincinnati yesterday.
Assistant Postmaster B,deil. of Anaconda.
Mont, Was arrested for embezzling postal
funds.
The Santic has arrived at Fortress Mon
roe. Her com mmander reports that ho de-
strsyed all known wrecks off Absecon.
Dr.. Powell rep rts that Sir John Mac lon
AID is rapidly being restored to his accus-
.omed ylgor.
Work has resumed in full by all the minors
IN the Monongahcla river coal mines. 1t Is
expected that the negotiations now under
way will result in flual settlement.
The Fayerweather will coates: has been
Iettled and the objections withdrawn.
Thomas Jewell, the well knJwn aeronaut.
iled In Springfield, Ills, from Tho effects Of a
blow In the stomach given by William
Walker hack driver.
Senator Hearst's funeral train Is due in
Chicago Thursday afternoon. The funeral
will take place Saturday.
Amos +. Learned, who was for twenty
three years the agent in New York of the
Associated Presa. is deal.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

MEMPHIS, March i0-The rainfall in
this city and section of the south for
the past two days is unprecedented. A
dispatch from the adjacent country re.
ports heavy rain general. The entire
lower part of Canton, Miss, is under
water, and all trains on the Illinois
Central road are delayed. Jackson,
Miss, reports the Pearley river as hav-
ing risen three feet in twelve hours
and all trains delayed, no train having
arrived from the south since Saturday.
The Mississippi at Memphis is one and
n half feet above the danger line.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
"tioo,i-by, Boys"

ALBANY, March 10.-Dayid Seabury,
Romano and Joseph Van Wormer, and
John Wiltsie, of Coeymans, went out
on the river to raise net Their boat
was capsized, and all were thrown into
the water. They hung on as long as
possible, calling for help. William
Buhner ran out on the ieS to the open
to the boat. BY the aid of u pole he got
him ont on the ice. The others had
disappeared one by one, saying Good
by, bows as they went down.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
AN AMERICAN VENICE
The Cumberland EnoToaohes on
the Streets of Nashville.
HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE HOMELESS.

An Unprecedented Rainfail Swcils
the Rivers OF Tennessee and Mis-
sissippi at Rapid Rate-Aboye
tho Danger LiEe at Memphis and
Chattanooga.
NASHVILLE, Tenn, March 10.-With
the Cumberland river rising at an un-
precedented rate and encroaching rap
idly on the lower section of the city,
Eash.'ilie today looks like an American
Venice. But very damp, dismal and
dolorous Venice it is, for between 1900
and 1000 people have been obliged to
abandon their homes and seek refuge
on higher ground.
AS viewed from the bridge Z river
is a vast angry torrent, spreading out
over the lowlands. Nearly all the lum-
Der yards are overhowed and in some q
ccsisiderable loss will result. The river
has brought out u vast amount of drift
wood, and it is passing the city in great
quantities. Merchants are busy remov-
ing goods from cellars and warehouses
near the wharf to higher ground. 1t is
estimated that between 300 and 500
families in the city have been driven
from their homes. At the police head
quarters many inquiries for shelter are
being made.
The reports from all points on the
river show that it is rising everywhere
and the fulness of the Ohio and Missis-
nppi will prevent the Cumberland from
Running down as rapidly rs it other
wise ynuId
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
A MuDERoUs MELEE.


Desperate Men Of Cumberland Gap
Engage In q Deadly Conflict.
MIpDLRsBoRo, KY. March 1o.-A
conflict among desperate men took place
at Cumberland Gap, resulting in the
death Of Hugh johnson, a saloon
keeper, at the hands of Shelley Gibson,
Jr. Nose Gibson, his brother, was also
shot daring the melee by Garrett
Southers, a. friend of johnson.
From what can be learned IL seems
johnson accused Gibson's father of
having him indicted for selling whisky
illegally. When this came to the ears
of Gibson, Jr., it aroused his ire and he
pronounced it false, and when he and
johnson met the latter pulled gun on
him and grabbed his collar. Gibson
seized the revolver and, wrenching il
from his hand, shot johnson, killing
him instantly. Nose Gibson, who was
shot by Southers, will die.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
TO REDIscovER AMERICA.
A Spanish Voyage a la Columbus
Suggested for 1902.


WASHINGTON, March i0.-The direc-
tor of the University of Havana, who is a
commissioner from Cuba to the Worlds
Columbia exposition and who has been
appointed chairman of the committee
on schools, colleges, arts, sciences and
history, has proposed to the captain
general of the island novel plan for
commomorating the anniversary of the
discovery of America by Columbus, and
the subsequent voyages of the discovery.
He suggests that Spanish naval feet
be sent to the point where Columbus
first landed i'll America and follow his
route as closely as possible to all the
places he visited in the new world upon
his four voyages. This proposition
meets with great favor from both the
government and the people of Cuba,
and is likely to be carried out.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

OTTAWA, Ont, March 1O.-The gov
ernment here figures out the govern
ment majority at thirty-one. or the
three elections still to be held it gives
Cariboo and Algoma to the govern
ment and Huntington to the opposition.
There is a good deal Of speculation here
as to the probable composition of the
new cabinet. The most reliable slate
makes no changes in the personnel
from the last cabinet except in the
cases OF Ministers Carling and Colby
who were defeated.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

Ihe New YORK Produce Market.
New York, March Estate and western
-four firm, quiet; low extras, S351Gbi; city
mills S51j.25.
Wheat-No. 2 red active and unsettled:
advanced 9s0N4c. on stronger cable news
and foreigners buying: May, sl.0q,Sspi IOSk;
June, si.TSsf1l0s; July, Sl.eii4eeI. .a5HS. Au-
gust. $.O2aal l039s; September, ST. .0s3slpi % u;
december. $l.03ts9l.H5s4.
Barley-Dull, weak; state, ,77ttEDsoc.; western,
1d9slc.
Corn-No. 9 dull: JSe. lower, easy; No. 2.
Gal48O914c.; steamer mixed, es4159c
oats-No. quiet, 1rmer; state, 55Js1Dasc. /;
western, 54t16ac
Beef-Steady, dull extra mess, S6.5oDT 20:
family, IS 51DlO.5l.
Pork-Fairly active, firm; new mess, $io.50
@ll.@5; old mess, s9.250l9; extra prime. 500
$3.50.
.ard-Quiet steady; steam rendered, S867lk
Eggs-fair demand. firm: state and Penn
sy lyania, lee; southwestern, ls9{8lec.; west
erp, l9c.; southern, 1SGlec.
Eaoes at Guttenhers
Gu1TRsBkRd. N. j., March io.-First race,
u Inile-A o. H., l; Groomsman, Il Riptor,
.. Time, l.24Sk.
Second race. u mile-Giitter II, l: Gather
inc B., q Gienmound. ., Time. l.O5A.
Third race, y mile-Yirgie, l; Fabian, 3
Patti. 8. Time. l,G7.
Fourth race, u mile-Lamon Blossom. l.
OWN Golden, 2; Longevity, g. Time. .233z.
FIFTH race, mile and furlong-Rano
l; Harry ireland, 2: Armisl, D. Time, 20l.
Sixth race. u mile -Neptunus, /; Hsrris-
burg. ?: Shotoysr.a Time. La.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

INDIANAPOLIS, March l0.-Private ad-
vices from Washington state that ex-
State Treasurer Lemcke had decided to
decline the United States treasurer
ship, and that the position would be
offered to N. r. DePai lew Al
bany. Mr., Lemcke aif.,s-- .sSfe, how
ever, on his way to Evansville, and SAID
emphatically that he had made up his
mind to accept the post, and would pro-
ceed to Washington to take charge as
soon as Mr.. Illusions resignation was
accented
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
TWENTY LIVES LOST.
A Steamer Believed to Have E'oun-
dered on Puget Sound.

A Steamer Believed to Have E'oun-
dered on Puget Sound.
SEATTLE. WASH, March 10. - The
steamer Buckeye, with twenty passen-
gers and her crew, is reported lost in q
gale on Puget sound, between Edmunds
and Appletree cove. The Buckeye left
Edmunds Sunday morning for Apple
tree cove, across the sound, eighteen
miles distant, taking about twenty pas
sengers, mostly women and children,
who went for pleasure trip. At Ap-
pletree cove the Buckeye loaded cargo
Of vegetables and started back, but at
last accounts had not reached Edmunds
and had not been seen by any passing
vessel.
A heavy gale blew Saturday night,
and being an unseaworthy craft, it is
supposed the Buckeye went down with
all on board.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

CLEVELAND, March l0.-Last night .
deal was completed between Albert L.
johnson and J. Palmer O'Neil, of the
National League, whereby the former
sells out for $60,0 cash all his prop.
erty in baseball. This includes the con
tracts with Cincinnati and Cleveland
players, the ground leases in both cities
and all other things connected with the
national game.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

IsHPE&INa, Mich, March l0.-Two
hundred and fifty miners at the Lake
shaft of the Cleyelend mine are locked
out. They wished to start from their
work in the mine at 5:l5, taking fifteen
minutes to climb the ladders, change
their clothes and wash. The superin-
but they insisted on coming up as
usual and were ordered not to go to
TO work again.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

CHATTANOOGA, Tenn, March 10
The Tennessee river at this point has
reached the danger line. Experienced
river men predict that it will reach at
least forty-fiye feet, which will over
fow much Of the city in low lying
places, cut off several railroads and for
time suspend the operations of sew
eral manufactures. The rainfall here
for thirty-six hours is three and one
quarter inches and extends mp t he river
and IN east Tennessee generally.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
The President Duck shooting.

WASHINGTON, March lO.-President
Harrison left yesterday afternoon for
Benjies. Hartford county, Nd, for
few days duck sh ooting. His only
companion was Charley LoefIler, his
faithful doorkeeper at the White House,
who goes along to act as Cerberus and
keep prying reporters away. The presi-
dent will probably remain at Benjies
until Thursday or Friday.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10
THOUGHT HE WAS sNuBBEp.
And Therefore Jonathan ScoviIle
Revoked His $25, 900 Request.


BUFFALO, March 10.-Among the be-
quests in the will of Jonathan Scoville.
who left an estate valued at 5000, 900,
were the following: st. Johns Episco-
pal society, of Salisbury. Conn, the in
terest in perpetuhty of S. 900; Methodist
Union chapel, of Chapinville, $500 per
annum; to the Buffalo Orphan asylum,
st. Vincent's Female asylum, Society
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chill
dren aad Home for the Friendless,
$1,000 each; Buffalo General hospital
S25, 900; University of Buffalo, SO, 900;
town of Salisbury, Conn. for public
library building, $4,000. Originally
there was bequest of S35, 600 to the
Fine Arts academy, but codicil 10 the
will revoked this.
The history of the revocation of the
Fine Arts academy bequest is peculi ar
one. About u month ago Mr.. ScoviAe
sent some statuary to the Fine Arts
academy, but no Acknowledgement of
the gift was made, which angered him
so that he had the codicil framed. say
ing, IF these people don't think enough
of gift l send them to acknowledge,
why they need have no more" The
academy trustees say that the statuary
came just after regular monthly meet
ing, and they were waiting for the next
meeting to make an official acknoWl-
edgement.
The Wilmington daily Republican. (Wilmington, Del.) 1890-1902, 1891-03-10

BERLIN, March 10.-The leading man
ufacturers of Germany will meet in
Berlin next week to consider their
course toward the Chicago exposition,
and to appoint committee to take
charge Of the German interests The
German exhibits will doubtless be ex-
tensive. The leading merchants and
aldermen of Berlin are invited to join
in the deliberations.