The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1891-10-20
INJURIOUS INSECTS.

y STfnerS Alliance in the Chapel OF
Trinity College, Sept. Is, 1891.
by J. M. Stedman, Professor
of Biology in Trinity
College,.
After giving a brief description of
the development of insects from the
egg 10 the adult, by which insects are
divided into those that pass through
the worm stage complete metamor-
uhcses), and those that develop directly
Elncon-met), the young resembling the
adult, the lecturer divided insects, for
the benefit of the farmer only, into
those that are biting Ieat their food
4ndIhose that are sucking suck juices.
The biting insects eat the plant tissues
while the sucking insects suck the
Juices only of the plants. Many insects
are sucking in the adult stage and bit
ing n the worm stage butterflies,
moths, &c.)
The natural enemies of insects were
Shen discussed as birds, toads, preda-
cGous insects, parasites, fungi and
bacteria, followed by the artificial
remedies a Paris green, London pur-
pie bellebOrO, p~yrethrum, kerosene
emulsion, carbolic acid soap, tobacco,
-bIsulphIde carbon, benzine, &c.
The remedies to be used in q given
depend upon first, whether the in
sect Is biting or sucking; second,
whether it is doing it's ravages in the
faYval (wOrm) or in the adult stage;
and third, the part of the plant IN
Tested,
a glance at a few of DUR more COM
mon Injurious insects was then taken
up IN the order of their respective food
plants. An outline, simply, can here
1e gwen.
APPLE.
ERg Communicated Apple tree BOrer,
The larvae Of this beetle bOres in the
sap-wood of the trunk for two years
and into the wood proper for the third
wear. The injuries of this insect may
be prevented by applying late i'll May
or early in June, and again about three
weeks later, a strong solution Of soft
sap, TO which has been added a little
crude carboIic acid; two gallons soap
80 one pint acid. The solution should
be thoroughly applied with a scrub
6rqlsh to the trunk and large branches
aaf the tree. If the bark Of the tree is
especially rough, it should be scraped
before the wash is applied; and the
evil should be snlOOthed down about
IIEe base of the trunk. so that there
will be no cracks for the insects to de
posit their eggs. Dig out grubs when
possible.
Fbe FTGt headed Apple-tree Borer.-
This insect is only two years in the
LarEe stage and boTes in the branches
as well as in the trunk. The remedies
S0r the rOund-headed bOrer are also ap-
~gficaDie for this insect. The plan is in
6hesa cases to prevent the laying Of
she eggs.
The Oy8ter-sheH Bark-1ou8 About
she first of May the young hatch from
eggs and move about on the branches
Scr q few days, when they fix them
selves upon them, inserting their beaks
Sar enough to reach the sap. Here
they remain the rest Of their lives and
seeTet3 q scaly covering to their bodies,
This insect can readily be kept in check
3y spraying the trees in May or early
Jun8 with kerosene emulsion. %KerO-
sene emulsion is prepared by adding
&Wa parts of kerosene to One part of q
solution made by dissolving half a
pound Of hard soap in one gallon of
boiling water, and churning the mix
Eure through a force pump with a
rather small nozzle until the whole
forms a creamy mass, which will
chicken into a jeIly-like substance on
cooling. The soap solution should be
kept hot when the kerosene is added,
but Of COurS must not be near a fire.
The emulsion thus made is to be diluted
with nine parts of cold water before
using. This substance is to be used for
nearly all sucking insects as chinch
bugs and also for the cabbage worm,
whine Stub, &c.
Che W0OIiy Apbis .-These insects
are found on the branches where they
suck the sap and also the leaves. They
multiply very rapidly and have the
power Of moving about. They are
readily destroyed by the use of kero-
1eue emulsion.
The Buffalo Tree-hOpper.-This suck
ing insect is found on the branches in
all stages, and do damage by sucking
the sap. They are also readily killed
ny kerosene emulsion.
The Apple Aphi8. These appear on
che trees as soon as the leaves or buds
begin to open, and suck the juice from
the same, multiplying rapidly, and
e9ften destroying the entire foliage.
They may be destroyed by spraying
the foliage with kerosene emulsion.
The C0nker WOTm.-The larvae of
this insect eat the leaves. The female
IS singles and crawls up the trunk to
s8epoSzt it's eggs. Hence if a band of
&Soai Gar be placed around the trunk
neal The ground the female cannot pass
{ st, and the laying of the eggs will be
prevented. This should be done in the
Eantumn. The larvae are destroyed by
spraying the trees with Paris green or
london purpIe-a pound to 300 gallons
%f water.
Khe AppJe-tree Tent CaterpiUur.-
The hest plan is to cut OF burn the
nests in the evening when the larvae
are all in for the night. Spraying the
foliage with Paris green or London
purple VIII kill the larvae also.