The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1891-10-02

North A 49,; s.os VIC ullerence against the
Norm american exporter is 10 per cent. If
70 tnese 10 per. cent be added 81 per cent
commission which the North American ex-
porter Will have regularly to cover for draw
ing profit from his business, 1t is seen that
s,. uifference OF III per cent opposes the
t,ansler OF the expectation trade with Bra
I'll from Europe to the United States Now.
nearly all the North American articles ia
notou pay us maximum duty of As per cent;
~ iact, only leather manufactures pay 30 per
cent, ana furniture and wagons go per cent.
consequently, If those articles require
margin OF ia per cent for being exported
from the United States to Brazil In competi-
tion with similar European goods, 1t is evil
aent that they will never displace European
manufactures.
Other North American articles which can
pc placed in the list of total exemption from
duties, with the exception only of cotton
seed oil, salt fish. dry or in the brine, and
some iron manufactures, paying at present
10 to 20 per cent duty, are in almost the same
case as the articles favored with dlminution
firms this statement Some articles which
were free for many years, as coal for in
stance, was never exported to Brazil, or on a
most limited scale.
HOW THE LISTS WERE MADE UP.
BASED on these calculations and without
fear that practical trial would demonstrate
the contrary. at least In any great degree,
= AOi iuututCu ncto VI NOfbu Aul6EiCdu pTO-
ducts with complete exemption of duties and
with reductions Of 20 per cent of the duty In
force. Ii consented to add new articles to
these in the second list, | eliminated others
which figured in the first lists, taking the
precaution to suppress those products which
gave us considerable revenue, as sewing
machines, or those which went to prejudice
Industries already well established. as the
boot and shoe manufacture, or industries
which yet need protection, but have future
q q m ~ kAh "a In
we suffer by these concessions amount to
$992, 941.
II was, and am convinced that the agree
ment would rot be able to stand since that
practical demonstration would show that
we nave exchanged loss of 81, 100000 In
our revenue for a loss of $16,5OO, 600 in
theirs. Commercial treaties can only be
made on the mutual interest of the contract
ing parties. due regard being had to the ad-
vantages derived by each. and for reasons
set forth 1t has not been convenient to put
q fixed time of duration for the treaty. In
the interest of its maintenance, however, at
least for the time necessary for the develop
ment OF our culture OF sugar cane ana con-
quest to that market for our sugar, | con-
sented to the exemption of wheat. This ad-
ditional concession added $553, S02 to our
loss, raising the amount to S1,546 843, but,
however, FASTENED the negotiations, and in
Sures some permanence to the treaty.
1t is certain that the November elections
gave the Democrats majority in the House
Of Representatives. and that that majority
will take up the reform Of the Mckinley
tariff, but 1t is also certain that the present
Administration will yet continue for two
Senate can not disappear at least for six
from March approaching. Weought, there
fore, to rely that the tariff will remain in
force at least six years.
ION this hypothesis. If we had made a
treaty for ten or fifteen years, as was the
original plan, 1t might happen that the DEM
ocratic reform would extend to other sugar.
producing countries free admission of their
products. as was its programme the past
year the same exemption which would
able to defend our interests while the
treaty remained In force. This led me to
propose an agreement without limit Of time
terminable at any time that experience
would show 1t was not convenient to either
OF the contracting parties, either for not pro-
ducIng the benefits expected. or for altera-
tion of the circumstances which advised the
arrangement. | readily induced the North
American negotiator to accept my PROPOSE
tioD, showing him the difficulty of obtaining
the approval OF the North American Senate
to any condition agreed upon by us which
was not authorized by the existing law. In
this manner our commercial treaty will cease
on the LIST OF January or July which follows
the notice which. either Government may
give to the other for its termination. How
ever, at least three months must elapse be-
tween the notice and the termination.
THE WHEAT CLAUSE.
"As wheat is the principal cereal of this
country, the continuance of the treaty will
be favored by many States. And as the
wheat producing states are nearly all Demo-
treaty would naturally receive their support
believe that have made treaty not only
OF great advantage to US, but am convinced
that 1t Is surrounded with all possible guar
antics to derive profit from it.
''The North Americans seem In general
convinced that the treaty is of mutual bene-
mt TO the two countries, but opinion is al
ready divided. The Democratic and Inde-
pendent Press is already casting up the ac-
counts OF the treaty. and positively declares
tnat the North American Degotiator did not
separate politics from business; that, in the
best view OF the matter, the North American
negotlator allowed himself to be illuded by
the erroneous doctrine of protection; that
our concessions are illus0ry, because IL
European industry can overleap the protec-
tion barriers and successfully compete with
the domestic industry, 1t Is apparent that
the manufacturers of the United States can
not compete with European industry in the
resulting from freight and insurance. In.
deed, they say, 1t is the case that the McKin-
ley tariff increases the duty on the very
articles which are the object of the treaty
with Brazil to prevent European competition
with then.
Another difficulty can arise against this
treaty-the clause Of the the nation most
favored In another memorandum which /
sent to the ex-Minister of Finance. MIR. Rny
which today does not admit of doubt. Com
mercial favors conceded to third parties I'M
less the later gives equivalent return. Po-
litical rights can hardly be claimed under
accepted and clearly established by Mr..
Gladstone The declaration made some
days ago by Sub-Secretary Ferguson In the
English House of Commons sets effectually
aside this difficulty. II today we made
great allowance for increase of North Amsri-
can exports to our ports, we surrender
revenue of 81, SOC, 900 to $2.500,000, as against
their $16,500, 900. In five years, il our loss
of revenue rises to $5,O00.0O0. the loss of the
United States only witt an Importation of
5OO. Ooo tons OF our sugar. not taking into ac--
count the loss from exemption of coffee and
hides, would amount to $40 100000.
Lost of revenue ?-This term is not cor
rect. Ii the National or State Treasurer
fails to receive 81, SOC. 900 to 100000 which
It Is accustomed to collect from imports on
those products which we are favoring In
compensation for these favors, the best mar
ket In the world is opened to our products,
and especially to our sugar. and the increase
OF It's importation into that country will
correspond with the growth Of the richness
Of certain of our. States now poor, and its
importation would pay duties much greater
than we fail to receive.
There are two other additional advan-
tages from this agreement: o. A nation
of II, 000, 900 inhabitants is going to supply
another Of 100000 inhabitants, whereas
the latter finds In our country only mar
ket great deal less for its products; (2) all
products which we send to the United States
are articles Of monopoly or quasi-monopoly-
as rubber, coffee and sugar. whereas the ar,
ticles the United States sends US are all ar
ttceS which meet cOmDetitiOn-manufact
ured articles-wtth the exception OF kero-
senpv