davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06

ate gas without fusing the clay. The
reducing chamber is charged with
suitable form Of carbon, and then by
means Of a blast on a coke furnace
the heat is raised to q tempature OF
over 10000 Fahernheit. After the
watery vapor has passed away, the
alumina vapor, together with the
coal gas, is decomposed, and in pass
ing through the heated chamber is re-
duced to the metallic state.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06
SCIENCE AND PROGRESS.
SOME NEW DISCOVERIES OF
THIS PROGRES SlVE AGE.
A Steamer for a Five DAYS Trans
atlantic Passage--T Com
mercial Value Of the In
Vestigator--A New Meth
cd of Extracting AL
minimum
A Steamer for Five Days. Trans
atlantic Passage.

steamer Tor Five Days. Trans
atlantic Passage.
There has been placed on view in
the Royal Naval Exhibition a beauti-
fully finished model of a vessel designed
by Messrs. James and George Thorn
son Limited, Clydebank, Glasgow,
guaranteed to steam at the rate of
231 knots an hour, which will enable
the vessel to cross the Atlantic within
five days. In view of the divergence
OF opinion as to the details of such a
fast vessel, Messrs. Thomson are nat
urly unwilling to give everyone the
benefit OF their great and successful
experience in the designing and con-
structing ofmodern Atlantic steamers,
so that the dimensions, &C., are not
indicated. We understand, however,
that the vessel is about 63Oft., long
by 7Oft., beam. The lines are very fine
forward, and there is q "sweetness"
aft which even exceeds the beauty of
the City OF Paris. The floor is fiat,
with scarcely perceptible rise from
keel to bilge. Unlike the City OF
Paris the. new vessel will have
a straight stem, but she will
have the same large area balanced
rudder and twin screws, These are
22ft., Or 23ft., in diameter, and they
are we'll supported. There are four
tunnels, and about 200 it. OF the
length of the ship is left for the boilers
and bunkers. The engines are triple
compound with four cylinders work
ing four cranks. They will probably
indicate $4,000 indicated horse
power. Accommodation is provided
for 700 first and 800 second class
passengers and about 400 emigrants,
and all the arrangements worked out
in the plans are far ahead, as far as
regards luxury and comfort, of any
thing yet produced. The plating Of
the ship is carried up to the promen-
ade deck which runs from end to end,
and a width OF about 2Oft. on each
side is left for walking. In the City OF
Paris the plating only comes to the
upper deck, the promenade being
supported on stanchions. The prom
enade deck in the new vessels shelter
ell by a deck above, where the life
boats are carried, while the roofs OF
the deck structures provide a promen-
ade presumably for second-class
passengers. In addition to the bridge
forward, there is one aft, both being
something like 45ft. from water level.
There are two sticks as masts, but
they seem only for signals and to
provide a crows nest for the "look-
OUT On the promenade deck are ~
machine guns, and in other respects
the vessel is made suitable for an
armed cruiser.-Engineering. s
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06
Teaching a Girl to swim.

go e. ~. -. ID i
In deep water, under the care Of an
experienced person, a young girl may
be taught to swim in a much shorter
time than by practicing in shallow
streams, says good authority in the
August Ladies' Home Journal. A
rope can be fastened around her
breast in such manner that it will
neither tighten nor unloose, and if
courageous enough, she can, thus
prepared, plunge in head first. The
teacher will show her the proper way
to use the arms, and, finding herself
protected by the rope, she will feel
more faith in the exertion made. The
aid OF the hand is, however, far better
than this, as it can be relinuuished
insensibly. The best method Of teach.
ing on this plan is for agood swimmer
to carry the learner in the arms into
the water until breast high, laying her
nearly fat upon it, aud supporting
her by placing one hand under the
chest, at the same time giving instruct
ion as to the proper motion of hands,
arms and feet. In a few days the
hand may be gradually withdrawn,
and the girl-swimmer able to do with
out it. There are ever 50 many
l"don'ts' about swimming. Unlike
Punch's, they begin after the act is
signed, sealed and delivered, and you
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06

are a fair swimmer. The most
important piece Of negative advise is,
~ ever losey presence OF mind
With that you are mistress of the
situation, and, other things not over
Wlh1e.lmingly against you, can reachland
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06
The Commercial Value OF the In
VeStigator.

Vestigator.
The German manufacturer does not
employ a chemist who has only learn
ed by rote the wisdom gained by 9TH
ers; he does not ask to be told that
which he already knows; he seeks
rather to push forward into new fields.
to excel his competitors more by inte.-
lgence than by brute force; and to
gain a growing supremacy in prefer
ence to a mere victory for the mo-
ment. This practical policy, the out
growth OF intellectual culture, has
made Germany a dangerous rival to
all other countries in those depart
ments OF industry which rest upon
scientific foundations. Applied sci
ence can not exist until there is the
science to apply; and, where thelatter
is most favored, the industrial devel-
opment is sure to be most perfect.
This lesson is one which the United
States must learn more thorough
ly than heretofore, If it hopes
to hold it's own in the front rank
OF manufacturing nations. In a few
OF our universities the truth is already
realized; but in too many American
schools the so-called "practical" view
prevails. Under the latter, teaching
becomes routine; and the student,
while learning deliberately that which
Is known, is not taught how to dis
cover. He has little or no training in
the art of solving unsolved problems;
and that art is the handspring of
modern industrial growth. A teacher
OF science ought also to be an invest
igator, it only for the inspiration
that his example might give to the
pupils in his charge To impart
knowledge is a good thing, but to re-
veal the source OF knowldegeis better;
and in that revelation is found the
educational value of research regarded
asa part of the teachers essential
duty.-Popular Science Monthly.
A New Method of Extracting Alum
~.. ... s-.. mum.
Mr.. H. Greenway, an American, is
credited with having discovered a
new method of extracting aluminium,
which relies for it's success on the fact
that alumina as it exists naturally in
clay is found in a high state OF subli.
nation. The new process is carried
out by contact with the air in two
furnaces separately heated, one OF
which contains retort in which the
clay is distilled, and the other q pc
culiarly constructed and arranged re-
duction chamber composed OF refrac-
tory fire-clay lined with magnesia.
The shell or chamber is long rectan-
gular prism in shape, the rectangular
planes which approach very nearly to
each other, thereby permitting the
charges consisting OF carbon, to be
quickly heated to a high temperature.
The distilling retort is charged with q
mixture OF bituminous coal and ordi-
nary clay mixed, and the furnace is
heated to degree sufficient to gener-
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06
FOR THE FEMININE MINDS.
A FEW INTERESTING POINTERS
FOR THE LADIES.
Corsets and Corset Waists--HoW
English Women Understanding I
a Girl to SWlm--Hint To
Mothers--But Yet a
Mother
corsets and Corset Waists.

In spite OF the much talked-of aband-
onment Of the corset, it is aband oned
practically by very few women, and
these usually wear some substitute
for it, in a cincture, such as the Greek
women wore-and all the world knows
they were the most artistically dressed
women whom the world ever SAVIOR
they wear q whalebone waist, which is
merely an improved corset. The art
OF corset making has been brought to
such perfection that corset can be
found to fit almost any figure. One
OF the greatest mistakes which short
women make is to choose corsets
which are too long for them. A wom-
an FIVE feet tall, with an average length
of waist, should not wear corset
over ten inches long. The longer COR
sets are for taller women. A corset
should be worn large enough to lace up
in the back, and fit easily and com
fortably. Nothing gives worse figure
than too close lacing, and refined
women do not attempt any such sub
terfuge in these days. It is a bit Of
poor economy to buy q cheap corset.
Women who are true economists buy
a good corset which will cost from 81
to SIS. This will last a year for wear
on dressy occasions, and if a cover
has been worn, it will not need laun-
dering till the end Of this time. It is
then washed and reboned and used for
second best, and gives fully a year or
more of service, and another corset is
purchased for best wear. Such women
are always we'll corseted and econom-
ically corseted. The most dainty, fas-
cinating shapes are to be found in
corset covers. The prevailing mode
is a closely fitting waist, cut low
or demi-low at the neck, without
sleeves. The best material for the
body of the corset waist is fine linen
Or strong cambria. This may be fin
ished with a full putting OF sheer main
sock or linen lawn, inserted on the
body OF the garment by g. row OF the
narrowest possible insertion, or of fine
beading. A border of lace then finish
es a square neck, and a. similar row
OF fulled lace trims the arm-hole. Still
other corset waists are finished in a
solid square front Of needlework, while
the neck is brought to sharp point
at the back. The Recamier style Of
corset waist which is delni-low at the
neck, gathered ON the short shoulders
and brought down full over the front,
like the dress worn by Madame Recam-
Ter in David's famous picture, is a ia
vorite style. It is usually held in by a
ribbon run in q beading oflace around
the neck. AS a rule, the soft, fine lace
like Valenciennes or fine torchon is
preferred for trimming corset covers,
as it does not leave a ridge when worn
under a thin dress, like heavy. en-
broidery.-G Housekeeping.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06
A WhiStling Well.

In the town OF Great Valley, Catta-
raugus county. there is an interesting
curiosity Familiarity known as ''The
Whistling Well" 1t is on the farm of
Colonel Wesley Flint, and was dug by
the Colonel's father, some forty live.
years ago, to the depth of forty five
feet, when no water accommodating, it
was abandoned. Some time after. a
strong current of air was noticed
rushing in and out of the we'll and a,
flat stone, with . an inch and-three
quarters hole bored in it, was fitted
over it. Into this hole a whistle was
fastened, which changed its tune as
the air was drawn up or down,
and it was soon found to be reli-
able weather barometer. In settled
weather the whistle was silent; but if
a storm was coming on, it's approach
was heralded by a warning shrek OF the
whistle as the air rushed out of the
well. When the storm passed and
clear weathir came, the current of air
changed and was drawn into the we'll
and the faithful whistle told the
story by it's changed tone The
whistle itself has long been worn out,
but the we'll still fortells the change of
the weather to those who understand
the meaning OF the varying current OF
air. In rainy weather a stream or
spray is forced up through the open
ing.-Wide Awake.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06
How English Women Live.


Igreatly admire the Englishwomanl
for her utter refusal to be worried,
and the consequence is that she looks
young at fifty, writes Edward w. Box
in The Ladies' Home Journal for
August. She undertakes no more
thsn she can comfoctablycarryo and
thoroughly believes in the coming of
another day. By this I do not mean
that she procrastinates; she simply
will not let the domestic machinery
grind her down to ill-health and early
old age. She is q frequent bather and
regards health as the prime factor OF
life, to be looked after before every
thing else, though the breakfast might
be an hour late. She sleeps nine hours
and takes a. nap during the day at
that. She arranges her days work
IN the most systematic manner, and
her little. memorandum slip always
shows two vacant hours; they are for
rest. She eats heartily, but the most
digestible food. In the most modest
home, no matter how little there may
be on the table, there is nothing but
the BEST She would rather have a
mouthful of good food and go partly
hungry, than eat a whole meal of
cheaper things. She is true econo-
mist; regulates her expenses carefully,
and is q true believer in the allowance
system. There are some things about
the English woman which her Ameri-
can sister dislikes, just as it is vice
versa; at the same time, there are
others which would make our Ameri-
can woman happier and healthier if
they initiated.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1891-08-06
How Drops Of Water May Be Made
to Perform Odd Antics,

to Perform Odd Antics.
If we let a drop of water fall on a
leaf of paper it will spread out in a
large circle, and we then say that the
water soaks into the paper, says the
Buffalo Express. But if we have oiled
this paper or plastered it with smoke
black, or some other substance into
which water does not soak, the drops
will roll over the paper like ball,
slightly fattened. Use is made OF this
popularity in the trick which is shown
herewith ....
Take strip OF paper pretty strong
in texture, a trife wider than two col
ums Of this paper and as long as you
can get. Several pieces of paper past
ed end to end will do. Pass the pa
per over the smoking flame of alanp,
or, to do away with all odor, cover
one side OF the paper with plumbago.
Place on end on the table several
books of gradually decreasing size.
Spread over their backs the strip of
paper, having a care to make the IN
dulations more and more accentuated
as you 60 from the large book toward
the small ones. At the end Of the
little book let the strip of paper fall
into plate. At the other end, where
the large book stands, pour the water,
drop by drop, on the paper.
These drops will roll on the inclined
plane which they meet, then, in con-
sequence OF momentum acquired, will
mount over the back of the second
book, and thus following one another
they will reach the plate. The
spectacle of these drops of water
rising and falling by turns, and SEEM
ing to compete in liveliness with each
other, is most Curious.
Homemade Volcano.
An easy, cunning trick, forsooth!
Instructive, besides, for our little ones,
who learn in school OF the eruptions
OF hevolcanos and have no idea what
they look like. .-...
A tolerably good-sized glass vessel
is needed and a little mound OF plaster
of paris, but this mound must be left
openin the rear. Into this hollow
space is. placed small bottle of
claret, and O. fine vertical hole is bored
through the center of the cork. The
vessel is then filled two-thirds with
water. It will not be long before. a
red stream shoots on high from the
top of the mountain. By stirring the
water a little before admitting the
spectators to view the diminutive
explosion, the stream of red will also
move about, thus increasing the
Illusion OF a volcanic eruption.
Why does the claret ascend unaided
from the bottle? Because water is
heavier than wine and forces it's way
through the tiny hole, and driving
out the claret, which gathers at the
top of the water and forms the red
sky caused by the reflection Of
volcanic eruption.
The Main Belt in Mill.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1891-08-08
A Floating Farm.

While on u recent business tour in
Alabama, I saw a curious phenomenon
which is not to my knowledge repeated
in any other part of the world, writes a
correspondent. In Bibb county, not
many miles from town called Six
Miles, at barn on the Six Mile creek,
there is a field of two or three acres
which is over n subterranean lake. The
soil is only three or four feet thick, and
you can take sharp pole and drive it
through to the water beneath. Half a
dozen men, jumping up and down at
once in any particular spot, will make
the cornstalks tremble for ten or twelve
feet around. In the dryest seasons that
patch of ground is always damp, not to
say wet, and it .an always be distin-
guished from the rest of the field by the
luxuriant dark green of the corn planted
on it. In one place well has been dug
to the water, and they say 1O0-foot
line failed to reach the bottom. The
water is quite clear, and as cold as that
of an ordinary spring, but there seems
to be no current, and the local wonder
is how the crust of earth got ON top OF
the lake and how it manages to stay
there.-St. Louis Globe Democrat.
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1891-08-08
Black Stockings.

Black stockings will continue in vogue
tie season through, and the announce
m snt made that their use will be re-
stricted to the street is absolutely un-
true. They may really be worn with
slippers and shoes of every color except
white; but, of course, with gray, tan,
scarlet, as well as with white slippers,
the stocking to match looks better, and
suggests greater care as to the perfec-
ton of detail in the costume. Fancy
stoclSings-that is, those having printed
figures upon them-are not refined, and
can not be advised. If you haven't
given the stitch in time, and long
stocking railroads little below the
knee, the best way to mend it is to buy
a piece of the narrow tiimsy black rib
bon used sometimes for covering whale
bones; lay this under the ripped
stitches, baste it smoothly, and hem it
down on both sides, first where tie
stocking has ripped to the ribbon, and
then underneath hem the ribbon edg,'
to the stocking. This will be found a
much more satisfactory way of mend
ing than is the long and intricate darn,
which must, sometimes, extend over
nearly half a yard of tocking.-Ladies'
Home Journal
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1891-08-08

to control and encourage their importa.
ton and breeding. Seward Webb, John
A. Logan, Jr., and A. j. Cassatt are prime
movers in the enterprise, and Mr.. Lo
gan has imported from England con.
siderable number of the hackneys
For purposes of speculation this will do
very well, as anything English will sell
in this country, and some wretchedly
stoclky specimens of the genus hack
ney, beasts not worth their passage
across the Atlantic, have taken prizes
in their class in this country. But all
lovers of the American trotter and
roadster will be sorry to see too great
an infusion into the trotting blood of the
country of the coarser blood of the
English horse. A Norfolk or York.
shirk hackney who can travel in better
than three minutes is regarded, and
justly, as marvel. Perhaps small
element of the stout, serviceable hack
ney strain would not harm American
carriage and buggy horses, but it is diff.
ficult to see why anyone should care to
import hackneys in numbers except to
crafty passing whim.
Akin to the present demand for hack
neys is the curious passion there has al
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1891-08-08

"You sWANT Mt TO o..l KEEP A MOVE on"
to keepa move on one of the freight
engineers syeiled tome as we rolled
slowly bystwe're going to chase you
down into Altoona yard ahead of the
second section
II laughed, and when my train got
fairly over the summit and began to
slide down the grade, shut off steam.
knew the engines which would fol-
low usswoulds be kept far enough in
the rear by the signal men in the
towers We soon plunged into the
tunnel and ratified along at a lively
gait, with that clickety-clack of the
wheels which makes it plain to every
one that the train is running down
grade by its owp weight ,eeg m
81 kept the air on pretty clos ely and
so held the train under, control, for If
the brakes failed to work when needed
going down there it would be good-by
John when the first curve was reached.
got to thinking of that as we swung
down the track that night and fell To
wondering what itlwould look like to
see an engine or car roll down the
mountain to the bottom, hundreds OF
feet below.
''Thc air was misty, the rain having
ceased, but now and then Il gust oi
wind would blow away the fog and
for an instant the mountain tops and
sides could be seen. Then the fog
would fal! again and shut out every
Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1891-08-08

ways been for "high stepping" or SEN
sational dress parade horses for pulling
the family carriage. stylish built
team of horses, well matched in color
and trained to endure cruelty tigh,
check rein, who lift their feet at every
step as if picking their way over sue
cession of low hurdles, will always
command ready sale in New York
Their action is absolutely inconsisten,
with sustained speed, but they look
well in action, or rather, correspond to
the requirements of vicious and un
natural taste.
The model carriage horse, to be
driven either singly or to the pole, may
be of Messenger or Morgan blood, OF
Hambletonian or descendent of the
great Mambrino family. He may be
of medium size and may be below it
his neck must be muscular at the base
and taper rapidly, his muzzle fine, eye
prominent and large, hips powerful
bones fine and small, flesh well dis
tributed. He will be kindly in disposi
tion if we'll trained, and will be goot
for a reasonable degree of speed fol
years. His gait will be natural art
swinging. He will lie close to tn,
ground and waste no time in perpendic
ular action. He may be of any color t
suit individual taste. With such u hors,
a reasonable man may go 'down thu
road" and be happy.
DAVID WEcHsLER.