The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-09-27

various natural resources OF the State which
has now been in prog ess for years has already
added largely to New Jerseys available
wealth These Investigations hast directly In.
dicated niany opportunities Tor tho Judicious
inyestm mt OF capital. They have uucuve,el
earths adapted for the n-ei Of the pot,r,
disclosed areas where nrtes,nn wells may bs
prontably sunk. aided the miner in his search
for nay ore Instructed the farmer As 10 the
quality OF soils In the tilable areas. aIl n
many other why's these studies have b zen OF
the greatest advan age to the activities OF tho
state. New Jersey 10 also able to pont to her
great Topographic map. produced ~ her Gco.
logical Survey, as among tho finest specimens
OF detailed Topographic survey MAPS IN he
world; rnd for the practical study Of geology
In the field. those college classes are to bs con.
graduated that are ablo TO invest gaze tls
manifold Biological phases OF New Jersey on
the ground. using those annual reports as
handbooka
Last seasons work was pr ,ductive OF ia.
covery Of particular interest to biologists.
Ono OF the assistants in the survey span. the
summer and part OF the autumn anon. Tho
limestone valleys OF Sussex county. These
white limostones." as they hnve been called.
had besn described In previous reports AZ
membsr. Of the scries OF crystalline rocks u
tho ArchTan nGe In which, o! course. no 'os-
sils are found. The recent careful examine.
ton. however. has led 10 the discovery OF
organic remains In these limestone-. and thcy
have noe been assigned to the Camhran
age. that Is TO say. t, the lowest stta.a
Of rocks In which the remains OF mo!lnsks are
found. A more ancient fossiliforous hoeis n
has therefore bean discovered in New Jersey
than tho oldest hitherto known in the S'a,e
the Potsdam sandstone formation above ths
Cambrian. This discovery Is n noteN ortLy
contribution to our knowledge Of tho fossils
occurring In New Jersey; and additional snr.
veys are REQUIRED OF tho other limestone arels
In northern New Jersey to detcrmire n, rsl,.
tive position aud true nnture Of the cry.t,l.
limo formations which have hi her.o been
cl6ssed a. ArchUAn.
Several features Of the work ~ the survey
last year were OF much practical utility. The
iron Industry OF tho State has recently N
looking up. ana as the survey had made NJ
studies OF the iron mines for four years it
Was decided to collect AL nttaiaable inrarml-
tion with regard to the present state o. tev,l.
opment. geological structure the eXtsnt %: o .
bodies, the various qualities o. tho or., and
other data that " ,uld enable mine "wnars and
lessees TO form more nearly correct AMI sats
judgment rs 10 tho value OF q mine r. OF a
mining district. Scven'y-siN pages OF tho re.
port are given to this Information. which NAV
be studied with profit by those seeking invest
ment In iron ores 1t seems evident from
these notes on the iron industry that sous
mines now abandoned await only the c,minv
OF capital aud moro inteliiSen m nag msns
to proftably develop their deposits.
Another work OF much usefulness un ler.
taken last year was tho study OF the W ter
supply ana water power Of the State The
question OF water supply for nearly all the
cities in Northwestern New Jersey still rema MS
to be settlei. Some cities are seeking better
sources OF supply and others are iooki for
Increased quantity. The compo ION of the
topographic survey threw abundant. light
upon the character and size of the water she is
OF New Jersey streams. and the work the sur.
vey has now taken ~ is to coeot all the data
possible with resari 10 the volume. the rate
and duration Of food flows. the least flow dur
Ing protracted dronghts and other facts that
will help cities aud towns 10 form clear idea
a. to the extent OF tho benefits to be derived
from tapping various sources OF supply A
largo mass OF this information was collected
during tho year as far south ms tho southern
limits OF tho Rarltan watershed. the aim be-
Ing In cases OF uncertainty. to keep within the
truth. An extensive system OF GauginR was
carried out and the seasons work. while not
resulting In the collection OF the exhaustive
data needle for the most thorough study OF
tho subject can be turne to excellent practl.
cal account. The work IL still In pro:ress
In the southern and central part OF the State
the a'tesian we'll. as a source OF water supply.
is regarded with much favor. The rep TT con.
tains paper b. Mr.. Lewis Wool,nnn. lie .crlb-
ing now wells. nav data on tho deDth AMI
thickness OF tho strata passed through In these
borinRs. and observations on.irm,ng tho ex-
istence OF southeastern dip OF the water be ar.
ing beds. He arrives at the important gener.
alization that There arc three we'll marke al
wator-bearing DO IL Of SIND ut tho depths OF
554. 700. and LOO feet" aong the sonthe ,st
coast. and at lesser depths in tho region to he
northwest. according 10 the distance from no
coast. Knowing the rate at which the beds
descend In general southeast dire alton. it /.
therefore possible to indicate the probable
depth at which these water boariug beds may
be reached Mt any givcn point. THIS IS. OK
course most practical and valuable informa-
ton for artesian we'll diggers.
Prof. smock. the State GeoloRist. SAYS that
New Jersey Is far behind Mnssachuso,ts and
Connecticut In the utilization OF natu, II! wa,ec
power. This line OF inquiry is a new feature
OF the work OF the survey. 1t Is making u con.
sus OF wa'er.power sites and their avalnbl,
horse power. The work is being carrie on In
connection with the inquiry as to water SUP.
ply. anu when COMPLETED 1t cannot fai! to ut.
tract attention to the unused water powers OF
the State. The Investigations have bseu In
progress during the prose It year AMI The full
report on water surply and water power will
form the next volume Of the series known rs
tho Final Report. and 1t will probably be pub
lished before macy months.
The report contains nnc maps show ng 'hs
location OF the principal iron m nos. all ths
watersheds OF the State, with the paucing
points In last years investi cations as to water
supply Indicated. and Typographical MAJ o.
tho white limestone area described In the text,
with heights shown by contour liues and GOO
logical formations By colors.