davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22

as n Of the Rocky Mountain Tele-
graph company in this city, is we'll and
favorably known. and his many friends
will be glad to welcome to Helena his bride.
They will reside at $40 Lawrence street
after Dec. 5.
On Thanksgiving day, at the home Of the
brides parents at Lexington, ILL.,, will oc-
chr the marriage of Geo. w. Mueller, of
Elkhorn, and Miss Irene Moon, daughter Of
A.. T. Moon, of that place. Mr.. Mueller is
charge Of the interests of franklin Mac
Veagh q Co. and Armour q Co., Of Chicago,
in this state for several years. At present
he is connected with the Elkhorn Trading
company. Miss Moon is the daughter of a
prominent stockraiser of central Illinois.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mueller will arrive in Ion
tana by Dec. 10, and will reside at Elkhorn.
Notwithstanding the fact that it was
Sunday and in church, too. the congrega-
ton of the Catholic cathedral were not a
little amused on Sunday last when the min
lister read the bans of seven couples, one
after the other. A broad smile had spread
over the faces of the congregation when the
the seventh the smile was almost audible.
Surely Helena is having a boom in we'd
dinRs and the ministers and jewelers. are
reaping a harvest.
j. w. Oswald, a prominent citizen of
Cascade county, and son Of Henry Oswald,
VI MluHedpOLlSs WAS uAFIleu 10 MlHS JenHle
Cooper on Thursday morning. The cere-
mony was performed BY the Rev. +. L.
Webb ut the st. Peters Episcopal church..
They will make their home in Cascade
county.
Invitations are ont for the marriage of
Edward Whitcomb, one of the old-timers
of Montana. He has been a prominent
farmer and stock grower OF the Prickly
Pear valley for a number Of years. The
marriage will take place Nov. %.
Paul Schmidt and Anna Helm came all
the way from Placer last Sunday to be
united in that Everlasting bond" Judge
F!eischer made the happy pair one, after
which they went on their way rejoicing.
Thomas b. Hills, of this city, and Miss
the home Of MIR. and Mrs. NJ. +. Nichols,
last.
H. G. Smith and Goldie Manning we're
united in marriage last week at the home of
the brides parents on Rodney street.
A very pleasant observation party was
given on Thursday evening, Nov. -. by
Mrs. Judge Sterling at her home on Fifth
avenue. Those invited were: Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Foote, Mr.. and Mrs. DR.. Foot, Mr..
and Mrs. George May, Mr.. and Mrs. ID. w.
Kelsey, Mr.. n Mrs. A. J. Craven, Mrs.
Harrah, Mr.. ana Mrs. II. q. sterling, Mr..
and Mrs. John MofRtt, Major Il. w. Carver,
given which were won by Mrs. Henry Foote,
George May, Mrs. Mofitt and Mr.. Mohitt.
Mrs. George May favored the companv
with q beautiful song which was very much
enjoyed. The. selections rendered by A. j.
Craven and Judge Sterling were highly ap-
preciated. Elegant and dainty rsfresh-
ments were served which were onjoye | with
relish. 1t was not until midnight that the
COMPANY. all feeling that it was good
to have been there. f-
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22
WEEK FOR HYMEN.
Of Merry Weddings Past and Of
Many Others Yet to
Come.
The Bans Of Seven Happy Couples
Announced at the Cathe-
dral Last Sunday.
Presents Received by Mr.. and Mrs, Lobe
Weddings Seem to Have Elk
oluded Other Events.

Hymen has ruled over the feasts of the
week and wedding bells have jingled mer.
Fily throughout the town. The wedding Of
widest interest occurred on Wednesday
afternoon, Nov. Is, and was celebrated al
The Temple EMANUEL on Ewing street
The church wa filled TO it's utmost capacity
with an expectant anu interested throng tc
witness tho marriage Of Miss Hattie Marks,
daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. L. Marks, and
Mr.. Henry Lobel, one Of the proprietors Of
The New York Dry Goods store.
The ushers were Messrs. Arthur Poznan-
Xxi, Sol. Hepner, $. Singer. Fred. Fligeland,
Louis Israel, and Bonnie Loeb. The bridal
party was proceeded up the aisle by two
Tiny maids of honor, Miss Ray Jacobs and
Miss Sadie Cans, carrying baskets of flow
ers. After them came the ushers, next the
best man, Mr.. Simon Marks, and the
groonsmen, Messrs. Simon jacobs. Louis
Harris and Harry Brown. These were fol-
owed by the maid of honor, Miss Carrie
Jacobs, and the bridesmaids, the Misses
Nellie Lehman, Katherine Simms. Carrie
Fcldberg; then came the mother Of the
bride, leaning on the arm Of the groom, and
lastly came the bride leaning on hsr fathers
arm.
After the ceremony was performed the
bridal party repaired to the home OF the
brides parents where a reception was held
10 which over two hundred quests ware in
v;tad Tba hsn,,u cnrn,a otnrtaa ~
$3.50. n"ppy ooupAe s'A.'ou 'no ne,e
Gay on q SNORT Weoo1ng Journey TO salt
Lake City. Later on they will 20 to New
York city. TIE gifts received were numer-
m. and valnable. aud attoat az b;ch "a
80 - 80. ~ ,a:saS ~ -
gary ~ WHOM oo.n ene Dflue anu groom are
theld. Mr.. n Mrs. Lobel will make their
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22
Neighbor Campbell,

l see you are using soft coal this year.
Yes, neighbor Woolman, | use the Rock
Springs, Wyoming, coal whenever / can get
it. Three years ago | paid $l4 and used II
in preference to hard coal. Last year ii
was not to be had in Helena, and in conse-
quenco I had to buy hard coal at Sis Per
ton. This year | am happy, as l get my
fuel at nearly half last years prices, can
burn it in q hard ooal burner or wood stove
want no trouble with your furnace, neigh
Dor, buy Rock Springs coal.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22
FOR DINNER D
Foretaste OF What 1T Will He on

A Foretaste OF What 1t Will Be on
Thanksgiving.
As usual, the buyer for the Helena Cafe
has secured a generous portion of the good
things in the Helena market to be served
to the patrons Of that establishment to-day
for dinner Thu bill Of fare will include
fish, game, poultry, early vegetables, fruit,
and in fact all the good things in the mar
ket. Recently the cafe has devoted espe-
cial attention to its oyster departments, and
lovers OF the biyalve will tind the chef
knows how to prepare the Maryland fiji.
vorite in a most artistic manner The
oyster department is always open, while
dinner on Sunday IS served from four to
eight d, nj, N~@
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22

position here and accepted a similar one il
the city of Toronto, Canada.
Mrs. IL. I. Rosencrans left last week fol
| the east on a visit of several weeks with the
relatives of Mr.. Rosencrans.
Mrs. Charles Jackman and little son re-
turned last week from a visit of som
length with her parents at Livingston.
Mrs. q. W. Houghton. wife of the Mon
tana Central agent at Cascade, is visiting
her sister, Mrs. ST. Clair, at AT Broadway,
w. s.. Spaulding returned last week from
his trip to Pennsylvania where he has beer
spending the past two weeks among rela-
tives and friends.
George Il. Boos, general manager of the
Journal Publishing company, left Friday
evening for the east, to be absent several
weeks on business.
A. Collect, of Helena. has moved onto
his ranch in the vicinity of Missoula, and
henceforth will spend his time hoeing pota-
toes and raising sheep.
Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Towey returned last
week from their bridal tour in the east, and
after spending a few days ameng friends in
this city went to Phillpshurg, which town
is to be their future residence.
A party of five gentlemen leave this city
this morning on a hunting expedition, to
occupy several days. Their friends will
doubtless DO treated to boar steak, venison
and jack rabbit after their return. ~
MISS Oairle Jacops, slster OF MIS-. Morris
oanas, visited IN TINS city curing the past
w Sernt,on ,'ue So o'm .ha os snaa "a nss4s ~ : ~ VIZ Pr
Miss Hattie Marks, and acted in the capac-
ity Of maid Of honor AT the wedding.
Clifford Anderson and family have re-
moved from thel' nome N inc Lennox ad~
dltlon 20 tneir resluence on broadway 1or
tne wlnter. Inc Instance from Len& TO
MS place 81 business was a little TOO great
Tor VT. anderson TO enjoy during the cold
WeatHer
Inc hrst meeting OF the teachers Head
ing clrcle was heid IN the hlgn sohool room
lasO evening". a large NUMBER OF tne teacn-
ers were present, and mnch lnterest mani
rested IN the work. ~ IL anticipated that
muon good VII accrue 70 me teachers from
the course 81 readihg lalo our.
The Scandinavian-Lutheran church. cor
ner of Twelfth venue and Idaho street,
will be dedicated to-day. The following
will be the programme: Dedicatory serv-
ice (Norwegian), 1880 a. M, by the Rev.
3. Harstad; English service, 2:3o y. m, Rev.
~ n i1os; Ierln"h serv'ce' ''oo y. Ms heV. =.
w, uusel.
Inc party gwen oy MIR. ~ Mrs. Maysen
az thelr hohne on lllevehth avenue on Mon
gay htGnI Was . very pleasant ahalf. ~
WIS 9 celeDration ~ honor or tne twenty
thlra blrtnaay OF HIss efertle lhorsen. A
number OF intllnate friends Or the family
were present, games We're played and merry
Mrs. A. II. Nelson died Saturday moru-
ing at IL o'clock after y long and painful
illness. Her death was indirectly the re-
suit Of u fall last winter. The family came
to this city nbout two years ago from Wash
ington city and during that time have made
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22
Bissell Carpet sweepers.

The Bee Hive is headquarters for the sale
OF the celebrated Bissell carpet sweepers.
and so-called bargain houses are not in it.
Compare our prices.
Bissell's Magic Sweeper quoted at $2.25.
Our price. $1.50,
BissalPs Grown Jewel Sweeper quoted at
$3.50. Our price, $1.S5.
Also full line Of I'LL kinds Of above sweep
ers at ptoportionate prices. All sweepers
guaranteed. Be sure and call at Tho Bee
Hive, the bargain house Of Helena.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22
TOY AND NOTION DEPARTMENT MOST COMPLETE IN THE CITY.

began, Piatt and Kinda; Messrs. Evans,
Faust, Fretz, Pelletier, joss. Styles, Duton,
freeman, Loeb, Harry, Fred and Charles
Yeager, Moses and Charles Silverman,
Kicker, Bradley, Wilson, Healy, Champion,
enson, Louis and Albert Henry, Murphy,
McNerny. T.. Clarke. James Blake, Dahler,
Thompson, Fred Carter, William Schmidt.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22
Excursion Rates East.

The following low rates are in effect via
the Northern Pacific railroad:
From Helena to ut. Paul, minneapolis,
Duluth and West Superior and return, 300.
Helena to st. Louis and return, $75.
Helena to Chicago and return, $50.
These tickets are limited to three months
aud eau be made to return via any direct
route.
Remember that the Northern Pacific ii
the only line running solid vestibuled trailsk
through to Chicago without change OF cars.
A. ID. EDGAR,
Gent Agent, Helena. Mont.
CHAs. -. FEE.
g. p. ~ L. A., 81. Paul. MINI.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-22

Try Rocky Fork Lump Cna
in your furnaces and hard coal burners.
It's fine. Only $6.2b per ton.
GILuHnIsT Bios. u Ep0AR.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
ON EXHIBITION.
Something That Will Interest the Admir-
ers of Art and Beauty.

Something That Will Interest the Admir-
ers of Art and Beauty.
An exceedingly beautiful wedding cos
tune will be placed on Exhibition in the
second window of the New York Dry Goods
store for a few days this coming week. We
understand that the costume was prepared
by Messrs. Horneaut Bros, of the Louvre.
from a measure forwarded by the New York
store and is intended for one of Montana's
society telles, whose wedding will take
place in the near future. We had the pleas
ure of a glance at the costume and can will
ingly say that it's appearance beggars de-
scription. A pure white fable, the skirt of
which falls in heavy folds at each side
gathered with silver cords to the front,
which is heavily adorned with the purest of
white satin brocade--all deliberately trimmed
in pearls even to the back, which
falls away in a cour train. The bodice is
cut low in front in style of the basques rs
worn in Marie Antoinette's time, while the
collar affects the fashion of Queen Ann0
with an unde rutfiing similar to those worn
in the time of the Georges. The dress is
elegrant and we can say with all due re-
spect to the ladies that the weRrer will be
the best dressed lady in Montana.
The New York store is to be commended
for their many elegant productions in dress
and style of costumes and we congratulate
them upon the reputation they bear for
carrying the finest goods as we'll as the
great good wishes society bears towards
them, as it Is not considered in good form to
make their purchases of fine fabrics else
where.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
Another Successful Meeting Held Last
Evening.

Another Successful Meeting Held Last
Evening.
Major Camp at Webster hall last night
was more interesting than on any of the
previous nights. His voice is much i'm
proved and he spoke in his happiest vein.
The audience is increasing all the time
making it necessary to provide moro chairs.
Among other things he said: "They tell us
the saloons make business. I will give any
man $50 if he will come up here on the
stand with me and l will divide the time
with him for six nights if he will tell us
how it makes business. One night in a
town in Ohio l asked what business the
liquor traffic helped and an old man in the
dertaker's business. and l admit that it
does. There is $1,000, 900 900 spent in this
country every year for liquor. What would
become of this money if the liquor traffic
should cease? Would the laboringman
take his money and throw it. into the
sea? No he would put it into the bank; he
would go and buy a lot and build n house
and if he was a single man he would go and
ask his best girl Mary, wilt thou? and she
will every time.'' He said men should
marry and if he had the making of the laws
he would put a tax of $500 on every old
bachelor to pay for having them around.
They we're of no use in the world. He said
the young man that stopped drinking be-
cause the traffic in liquor was stopped
would require carpenters and stone masons
and plasterers, and he would need nails and
| lumber, and thus all branches of business
would feel the activity. In an eastern
town a large nail plant was very successful
and upon inquiry it was found that the
profits were divided among the employees.
There was not a drinking man employed in
the concern and each one was a
temperance man and picked for that quail
ity. He said it WAS strange how men must
| have some stimulant. If they sawed off a
hoop pole they must nave a drink to coun-
teract the exertion. They could not go
| down town for their wife after a paper of
| pins and half II dozen eggs without forget
| ting something. but they must go in and get
two or three drinks. They needed 'stimu-
lating." Then why don't they sit down on
a hornets nest? That would stimulate
them. When a big strong man had need Of
| stimulation his wife ought to take u green
| hide and stimulate him Il while.
There will be u meeting for men at 4 p.
m. this afternoon at Websters hall. All
are cordially invited.
The evening meeting will begin at seven
O'Clock, apening with an experience meet
! ing, Good music has been secured. Good
| singing is an especial feature of the meet
inps. Come out Il hear the eloquent
speaker.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
PERSONAL.

Henry A. Root vent to St. Paul yester-
day. He expects to return in a few days.
Bishop Brondel, who went to Great Falls
yesterday, is expected home Monday.
Alfred Dogge, son of DR.. Dogge, will ar
rive in Helena Sunday from New York,
where he has been studying medicine in
the Bellevue Hospital Medical college.
Mr.. J. N. Glass, the real estate man, left
for Colorado Springs. Col, yesterday after
noon to attend the funeral of his brother.
Frank A., who died in that city Friday
night.
MI. Warren G.. King, who has been SPEND
ing the winter in California, returned home
last night, after having a most delightful
time. He will soon leave for Castle to take
charge of the business of Hill g. King and
the Castle Land company.
The east bound Northern Pacific train
brought in number of Helena people last
night who have been visiting California
towns and other coast points, They are
A.. J. Davidson and family, Mrs. DR.. Atchi-
son and two daughters. Mrs. James Ryan
and daughter, and Mr., Will Buskett.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
JOTTINGS ABOUT TOWN.

The United States circuit court and the
United States grand jury will be in session
tomorrow.
The Helena Electric Railway company
will sell all of their horses at public auction
next Saturday.
G. o. YerRy filed a lien with the county
clerk yesterday on school district No. l for
a balance of 81, 121.89.
Eugene G. Boom. Elmer d. Mats and
John q. Burrows were admitted to practice
In the supreme court yesterday.
A serenade will be given the next mayor
! of Helena by the Capital City band tomor-
morrow night at The New Merchants.
A meeting of knights Kadosh will be held
at Masonic Temple at 1880 p. m, Thursday,
9th of April. Midnight ceremonies. II. Il.
Comfy, inspector general.
Prof. Beggs and classes will give their
| closing party for this season at Electric
hall, Friday, April 10. A large party is ex-
pected, as the ladies' have taken the party
in hand.
William A. Clark, of Marysville, has sold
to George II. Robinson, assistant general
manager of the Montana company. limited.
a o%ne-fouith interest in the Hopeful lode,
OTTAWA district. for 81 1000.
TIL regular monthly meeting of the
board for Working Women's home will be
held on Monday, 2 p. m, April 9, at Mrs.
Hilman's, corner BreckridQe and Raleigh.
Della A. Kellogg, secretary.
An interesting debate will be held this
evening by the membe of the Calumet
club, in Edwards hall, on Park avenue.
The subject will be, rs foreign immigra-
tion beneficial to American" An attractive
programme has also been arranged.
MI. G. III. Scheere, a faithful and esteemed
employe OF The INDEPENDENT, will be mar
ried tomorrow evening to Miss Hattie
Saltzgaber, at 518 Hoilins avenue. The
| aaramnnv will ha narfnrrpa1 hv Raw q H.
Allen. Jr., at eight O'Clock, after which a
reception will be held. But n few intimate
friends will be present at tho wedding.
The funeral OF the late Mrs. W. N. Holden
will be held Mt st. Pauls Methodist church
at $50 O'Clock this afternoon. All mem
bers of the p. u. s. OF a. and Sons of Vet
Grams desiring to show their respect to the
deceased will meet ut their respective halls
at 1:3O p. M, sharp. for the purpose OF at
tending the funeral.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
To tho Ladies of Helena.

Miss Kingsley, who opened such
some millinery parlors III the
block on Sixth avenue last fall, makes q
constant study of the individuality of her
patrons, designing specialties to suit best
each face, form and style. She receives, by
special arrangement with n firm in Paris,
the latest styles and patterns as fast as they
sre originated. The many varied designs
thus obtained give her the choice of u large
variety and always something novel and in
advance of fashions in millinery elsewhere.
Miss Kingsley has recently returned from
New York city with a complete stock OF
novelties, prepared to execute the new de-
signs ns they are received from Paris. We
hope the ladies' of Helena II neiRhboring
towns will encourage this new enterprise,
Why not have IN artist in our midst to I'LL
special orders and save u long season OK
anxiety md waiting in sending away.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
Arrivals at The New Merchants.
Arrival. Mt the Grand Central.

Val. Stlrbuck, Placer. Chas. +: Easton and
Harry Hebers, Town wife, Mary sville.
send, Geo. }. Botcher. Elk
Mrs. Williams. Butte. horn.
Mrs. c. II. Villa ms, Ana John Murray, bloss-
conda. berg.
Andrew Johnson. Rimini M. Morrison, Wickes.
u. II. Wilkin. Elkhorn. Is. ii. Vankamp,
John II. Vankamp, Pitts burg.
burg. A.. II. husmeyor,
II. Clark, Fort Scott, Pittsburg.
Kan. Thomas Gray, Marys-
Vim. Butler, Marysvillc. vile.
Chas. d. Chambers and Geo. W., Padhug,
wife, Seattle. Marysvilie.
VIM. Heddleston. Big G. a. Matthew, Marys-
Blackfoot. vile.
r. s. Dale, Minneapolis. John, Doreden, MIS-
8 " watson Hozemun. John f. Nicolson,
p. r. ingalls,. Placer. Valleyfield. Can.
ID. L.. Bowman, East j. O.. Hudnutt, butte.
Helena.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05

The engagement Of Marie Wainwright
and company closed last evening with a
very successful and pleasing performance
of The Honeymoon. No company in Hell
ena within a year has given more general
satjafaction to the theatrical public Of this
city. When such actors as Barton Hill are
found in the support a performance Of OK
traordinary merit is assured. Miss Vain
,wr,oht will receive d very cordial welcome
upon her next appearance in Helena.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05

Among the transfers yesterday was the
east half of lots Is and 16. block 6, Joseph
Cox addition, from Nels Harry johnson to
Aurelia Jennette Donnelly, the con-
sideration being $1,000. Felix landry
sold to Isaac Landry the west
half of the northeast quarter and
the north half of the northwest quarter of
section thirty-four, township ten north,
range five west, for $4,000.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
Will Arrive To-day.

The following passengers will arrive to-
day on the west bound Northern Pacific:
G. Fallon, s. Sherman Falmoss, aaraN
Horn,
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05

intended-to give people some idea of Hell
ena and Montana. A. w. Ide, who is the
northwestern representative of the South
company, furnished the folders.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05

Fine quality OF chip hats In flats Mt DO
cents, IA straw, nj 40 cents, Mt IL. Tonn's, >
North Main street.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
MAJOR CAMPS LECTURE.

An elegant line of black lace houncings just re
ceived at towles' Cash Store.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05

In anything in the line OF fancy goods at Now
fork prices 20 to Eowlss' Cash Store.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
Mis-. wainwright's Engagement.

Buy your embroideries and white goods al
Cash Store and save money.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05
All kid gloves fitted at Fowles' Cash Store

Turkey dinner to-day at the Crystal.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05

For latest spring styles in dressmaking call on
Miss Kittredge, Alb Broadway.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-04-05

Stationery. Office supplies. etc., at RAilsback's,
Mexico weekly ledger., 1891-04-02

SPEAKING of the trouble with
Italy the St. Louis Republic says:
The report that the Italian Minis
ter has asked his passports and
that American citizens have been
seized in Italy as hostages is one
which demands full consideration
when all the facts are fully appar-
emit. 1t does not seem at all prob
able that the Italian government
will resort to any other measures
than those of diplomacy for redress
in any claim it may have against
this government. But whatever
its action, this country should not
be put in the attitude of taking the
aggressive. We have no grievance
against Italy and will have none
unless Italy makes it. It seems,
moreover, that Minister Fava has
not demanded his passports, but
has simply presented his letters of
recall. This may or may not be
indicative of a hostile move on the
part of his government, but it
would be we'll to await develop
ments before getting excited.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1891-04-02
THE DANGER OVER.

IF there ever was any danger
from small pox it is now over
The quarantine is about to be
raised. The question as to wheth-
er Barton ever had small pox or not
will likely never be settled. The
largest crowd ever in Mexico is ex
pected On next Saturday. There
is absolutely no possible danger.
IF the disease was a certainty, il
would have shown itself before
this time.