davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28
FIRST OaINAsg LOCOMOTIVE
Made Out OF Scrap Iron by Native
Workmen in 1881.
From Pathways IN NorN China


From Railways IN NorA China.
In 1878 coal mining was begun at Tong
san, about eighty miles northeast on TENT
sin. 1t was arranged to build a railroad
twenty nine miles long, from the mines to
tho nearest navigable water, that is. to
Lutai on the Peh Tang Ho. It was then,
in 1878, that Mr.. Kinder went out as a resi-
dent engineer. Before the railroad work
could be begun the authorities had decided
to operate a canal tweDty-one miles long,
to point within seven miles of the COL
liery, and TO connect the canal and colliery
by tramway, to be worked by mules; this
was done.
Fortunately the gauge of feet 81 inches
was, after much difficulty, sanctioned, but
it was stipulated that no locomotives should
be used, but before the treck was completed
this had virtually become a dead letter.
The country was easy, but several sharp
curves we're introduced to avoid graves.
Subsequently the owners OF these graves,
objecting to the noise so near to the bones
Of their ancestors, ALLOW wed the remains TO
be removed, and the line was rectited.
This track was laid with thirty-pound steel
rails, hange section, and ballasted with
broken limestone.
During the winter of 1ss0,s1 Mr.. Kinder
| built locomotive in the shops Of the COM
pany. It was built entirely of odds and
ends which could be procured withou. at
tracing attention. The boiler belonged 60
portable winding machine. The wheels,
were 30-inch Whitney chilled wheels. which
| had been bought as scrap castings, and the
! frames were made of channel iron. Before
this was finished its preparation became
known, and orders were issued that it should
be stopped.
Eventually. however, through the offices
of Lii Hung Chang, Mr.. Kinder was allowed
TO finish the locomotive, which was chris
tened the Rocket Of China" just 100 years
after the birth Of George Stephenson. On
Nov. 8. 1881, this engine took a party Of
officials over the line at q speed Of twenty
miles an hour and after that the objections
to locomotives were virtually abandoned.
Mr. Kinder says there is little doubt that IL
this engine had not been built as it was, In
| China, and by native workmen. 10 would
never have been allowed to run, and the use
| of locomotives would have been postponed
for many years
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28

theory. / had furnished an object lessc n,
but not exactly the kind | had started ouC
TO exhibit In spite of the laudable purpose
with which | had made the experiment |
had been treated with disrespect, snubbed,
jeered, guyed and looked upon with sus-
pcion. What was the reasoul
won't 10 the mirror and surveyed
myself.
Horror! In the haste with which | had
made up Gs woman that morning had
forgotten to shave off my mustache!
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28
The epring Medicine.

The popularity which Hoods Sarsaparilla
has gained as spring medicine is wonder
full 1t possesses just those elements Of
health-giving. blood-purifying and appe-
tite-restoring which everybody seems to
need at this season. Do not continue in a
dull, tired unsatisfactory condition when
you may be so much benefited by Hoods
Sarsaparilla. 1t purifes the blood and
makes the weak strong.-Ad.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28
Sternberg' s.

6ternberg's.
SILVER WARE, DIAMONDS,
WATCHES, JEwELRY,
WEDDING PRESENTS,
ANNIVERSARY PRESENTS,
SOUVENIRS, ART GOODS,
ART WARES, BRIC-A-BRAc,
THE LEADING JEwELRY HOUSE OF TIL
CITY-LowEsT PRICES.
Our REPUTATION OUR GUARANTEE.
-Ad SrERNBERG's.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28

Health demands n healthy liver. Take
simmons Liver Regulator for dyspepsia and
digestion. I'D.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28
HlonegaNSs-

Is easily made, but the man who
saves it will always be better off.
The chances now offered in this
sale are enormous. You can buy
enough Clothing, Underwear, Shirts,
Collars, Cuffs, Neckwear, Hosiery
and Hats of all descriptions for about
half what you will pay anywhere
else.
Come here, all you have to do is
to make your own selections, we
make the prices and they will suit.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28

Artists Materials. all kinds. at N. 7. Tay.
Io'r 1876 York street. -Ad.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-04-28

Tailor-made Clothing at Kohler's Sacri-
fee Sale, 1853 Broughton street. We furnish
free admission to Pompeu on purchases Of
$l0.-Ad.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

posed TO be an atmosphere, and second. a
side Of the center Of the planet and some
times on the other side.
A sketch Of the transit of Mercury of
NOyem Der 8, 1868, plainly shows these two
phenomena, and it is reproduced here. 1t
was drawn just before the planet passed off
the suns face. a view is also given of the
planet on the suns limb, showing the dis
torted image Of Mercury, a condition that
astronomers dread, and the cause for which
there ars any number Of theories.
THE COMING TRANSIT.
The transit that we expect soon to observe
will occur at Oh. AIM. lis. Washington mean
tim e, or practically at fortv-seven minutes
past 6, on the afternoon Of May 9th. Figure
represents what is technically known as
first contact and is intended to represent the
two important observations TO be made at
ingress In the lower left-haDd corner of
the diagram the planet is seen touching the
suns limb or edge. The exact time that the
two limbs become tangent is known IN as
Economical nomenclature as first external
contact and in the instant when the planet
has passed in upon the suns disk and its
following limb touches that Of the sun the
instant of internal contact has arrived.
To aid those who may desire to note the
time of ingress have computed the local
time of exterior contact at a few prom inent
points in the East:
New York, Oh 5Sm. 32s.; Poughkeepsie,
Oh. 5Sm. 55s. Albany Oh. 59m. 32s.; ROch-
ester. 6h. Am. Ss.. and Philadelphia. Oh,
53m. ass.
The time of sunset in the Eastern and
Middle Atlantic States will be about
o'clock in the evening or few minutes
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
POETIC THOUGHTS.
written for THE SUNDAY CALL
A PANTHEIsT HYMN.

IA LOVE with nature to tread the Wild
Il 4 Fer loving. devoted aud trusting child,
kf And roam where human foot can press
nv The maZes untrOd of the wilderness.
Where the rocks aud trees and waters meet.
Where natures son may h mother greet
In her own grand realm of cloGd'and light,
In her bowers of green. by the waters bright.
love the sea where the pillows roar
And the wild waves sport on the sandy shore
The smooth broad lake like a mirror-glass
Rejecting each shade of the clouds that pass,
Where the FLASHING waveiets wash the brim
Like silver bowl with golden rim.
The streams where the water lilies show
Their NANTES of green and the ir caps OF snow.
love the mountain that snow crowned scars
To greet the clouds where the thunder roars,
Where the eagle sits on his stOrE-swept throne,
The only lord IN his aerial zone,
Where the cataract pours with resistless force
Down the furrowd cliffs In its seward course.
With its endless song-with its ceaseless rhyme -
And Its musical cadence and hymn sublime.
love the deiIs, With their bubbling rills,
Where the ferns display tier emerald friIls,
The cowslip springs by the purling brook,
The daisy smiles in each sunny nook
Ana the squirrels play where the shade and sheen
Mlngle and blend in the gray raylne,
And the broken sunbesms struggle through
The leaves, TO peep at the crocus blue.
love he forest, the tall green trees,
Where the branches swing in the summer breeze,
Painless and trackless with shrub and bush,
In the tangled wild where the roses blush,
Where Joeund SongSters fill the air
with music soft, sweet. wild and rare.
Where the honey-bee huns in the clinging vine,
And the robin sings in the stawarC pine.
Chicago, Aprtl 10, 1891 CHARLES j. BEATTIE
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

was strangely unsophisticated. How HIS
little round eyes did shine and how he
shifted me to find out if | was more danger
Gus than | appeared to his sight
After while put him down in the bot
tom OF the boat and resumed my fishing.
But it was not long before he became very
restless and evidently wanted to go about
his business. He would climb uD to tho
edge of. the boat and peer down into the
water. Finally he could brook the delay no
longer and plunged boldly overheard, but
he had either changed his mind or lost his
reckoning for he started back in the direc-
he was a mere speck vanishing IN the shat
ows near the shore.
Another day saw spider, probably the
wolf spider. kill Young toad. When per-
ceived he was dragging the toad along over
the plOwed ground. The toad was. OF
course, small, yet a good deal larger than
the spider. The toad was alive, but died
very soon after when the spider left him,
alarmed no doubt by my presence, and hid
under clod. There is a spider in South
America that kills small birds, and there is
one at home that kills small toadS. This
wolf spider is a very savage creature. II
spins no web By which to catch its game,
but prOWlS about like wolf and pOunces
upon its prey where it finds it. Ii you en-
counter one in your walk or confront him
with stick or the point of your cane, he Is
instantly up in an attitude of defense or
will leap upon your stick and sink his poSA
on0uS fangs into it.
If have seen an insect I II toad, have
seen the little piping frog in the woods swal-
low an insect, the pretty green tree cricket;
and il was a slow and labOrious task for the
little frog, too. JOHN BURROUGHS:
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Item do not wish to drag into this article.
1t Is expected that many observations. of
this transit will be made, ana from these,
combined with those formerly made, cor
rectons will be derived which will assist in
removing this apparent error between the
DRY and observation. If the planet Is sur
rounded by an atmosphere transit offers
the best opportunity OF noting its extent
and form. Again, while the transit Is in
progress the side of the planet toward the
earth will be destitute of sunlight and its
physical appearance under that condition
may be observed. Another very important
question is the possible variation of the
sderal day. These are the principal
points about which astronomers are seeking
information from data derived from a
transit of Mercury.
In the solar system there are only two
planets that can, as seen from the earth,
transit the suns face. The two planets that
fulfill these conditions are Mercury and
Venus Iransi:s IF Mercury always occur
In the months OF May or Mover Der, hap
penlng at intervals of 13 Z, TO- 3, 10, ETC.,
years.
In Figure 1 the circle is intended to rep
resent the suns disk. The heavy lines iudi-
cate the path of Mercury in each May
transit during the present century. Just
ABOVE each line Will be found the year and
day of the transit. The one we expect TO
observe. on May 9Th is the last OF the May
IduSIl tHat occurs IN THIS century. a NO
venoeT transit, and the last until 1907, Will
happen November 10. 1894.
FIRST TRANSIT OBSERVED.
The first transit was observed in the year
1851, and had been predicted by the great
astronomer, Keplar, four years previously.
The place Of observation was in Paris,
France, aud the observer was an astronomer
named Gassendi, whose astronomical outnt
was about as primitive as could be Imagined.
The telescope was a youth 20 years old, and
a good clock stil fingered in the mind of
NeguS or a Bond.
Through hole in a window the light of
thes sun was admitted into daTkened room.
the telescope, thrown upon a white screen.
Standing before his crude apparatus Gas
seuGi watched for the encrOachment of
black object unOn the suns disk.
His hope of beholding a new celestial
phenomenon was at low ebb. The 5th Of
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

between 9000 and 100O0-about the tempera-
Lure Of a heated bar Of iron just turning
red.
When the MercnIian Is experiencing what
would correspond to bis winter the heat and
light from the sun Is four times as great as
she maximum amount that ever reaches the
Earth, and in summer The intensity of the
solar rays falling on Mercury is nine or ten
times the dreadful heat that concentrates
Itself upon the earth's Equator.
The climate Of the earth is not absolutely
dependent upon the suns distance, but is
rendered variable by the manner in which
The solar rays beat down upon us. The at
mosphere that envelopes the earth has
controlling influence upon our climate, and
should Mercury have one analogous to ours,
which a transit of the planet across the
SUMS disk offers US an opportunity to deter
mine, his climate may be modified amazingly.
TRANSIT OF MERCURY.
The popular mind will inquire of what
real value TO science is a transit of Mercury.
We reply by saying that observations Of
the phenomena add more facts to those al
ready IN The possession of Evidence, the
presiding officer 10 whom we appeal for an
explanation of tie physical construction Of
Mercury, of tile possibility of an atmosphere
and why II Is that theory and observation
Of the planets movement do not satisfy each
other
This small and cratic member Of the
solar system has discrepancy 10 his motion
which has been.a thorn in the astronomers
side difficult to remove. Your modern CON-
puter, with pen and paper, piles figures up
on figures, putting them through a course Of
trigonometric gymnastics, and when he has
finished what he considers a proper solution
OF Mercury'S movement his work ex lists i'm
state o. mo quorum" and uD Jumps 0bser-
walton. the ready obiector. with an appeal
for facts. excaminG; Account for that
thirty-eght seconds that exists between nv
record and that Of Theory"
Evidence runs his eye quickly over the
theories before him. is unable to muster a
sufficient number TO answer the question
and, with rap OF the gavel decides that
the solution Of this problem must be in
definitely postponed.
QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED.
The questions for which we seek an
answer in q transit of Mercury may be
summarized as follows:
As has been limited there exists discord-
ance between the position Of Mercury in his
orbit as derived from theory and from OBJ
serVRtion. To say more than this would
lead to the technical part Of the subject, an
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

fCia appear aud disappear.
November was ushered in by rain, which
continued to fall all day. On the 9th the
sky was thick with heavy clouds. On the
morning of the 7th. atabOut O'Clock, there
seemed to be a chance for the astronomers
eyes to look upon a new revela Il on, as the
sun was seen through breaks in the clouds.
At about o'clock IN the forenoon the sky
became clear aud the observer looking at
the image on the screen spied a small black
spot moving rapidly across the suns disk.
Gas5endi was a little credulOus, as the pre-
dicted time Of first contact had not yet ar
rived, and he was not sure but stray
sun-spot was tantallZing him by its presence.
1t was, however, the planet Mercury passing
between tie earth ana sun, bringing fresh
reward To the mighty mind that had LAID the
foundation upon which Is built that grand
system that extends from the sun to Nep-
tune.
The observer, with forethought, had sta
toned an assistant in lower room, whose
duty il was TO observe the altitude OF the
sun with quadrant at the first instant OF
transit Gassendi'S signal was to be stamp
of the foot upon the floor when the 0ppor-
tune moment should arrive.
The name of this assistant is unknown,
and may well be, for he, weary with wait
ing, had deserted his post and GaSsendTs
signal was lost with the echo. The latter,
however, filed with rapture at the sight be-
fore him, made as careful notes as his means
would allow aud then fastened to tell his
fellOw-meB Of a sight never before VII
messed by human eyes.
PHENOMENA OFTEN SEEN.
In nearly all the .transts from 1916 down
to the present time two phenomena OF a pc
Guitar character have been noticed by GER
tain observers, while others give negative
report upon this matter. The first is a
luminous ring surrounding the planets, sup
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
FUN IN A GALLERY.
Some Experiences Related by Professional
Photographer.

One old gentleman often came to me to
have his picture taken. He wore white
eravat about five inches in height. and he
held bis head above it. / always tried to
get his head down, so as to obtain view of
his face without looking up his nostrils :;
but he never let me. As soon as / placed
bis head in a good position he would say
that that was not natural, and up would go
his head. 1t was this gentleman who was
told by crazy woman on the Jersey ferry
boat that when he died it would not be
much trouble to bury him, as he was already
laid out.
lady once brought her three children, a
hobby-horse, a drum and DOH. They were
to be taken in group. The size Sc
iected was three and One-fonrth by four
and one-nalf inches. The girl Angelina
was to hold the doll; but the family had
not decided whether Charles Augustus was
to ride the horse and William Henry hold
the drum or vice versa. They had agreed
to let my superior judgment decide that
mOmentous question. As both the boys
wished TO mount the horse, decision
was no easy matter. l then learned that
the mother did not want the children
close together, as all The "dog-ra-lypes" we're
taken. She wanted Angelina in the middle
of the room, one of the boys by the win
del" and the other boy on the other side of
the room. 1t was brilliant idea; but how
spread out was more than / could see. l
told her that Ii could not be done; | ex-
planned to her the capabilities of the lens.
the concentration of the light, and so forth,
but she did not understand me. She said
that she had been told that | was disposed
to be accommodating. but that l was just
the same as the rest of the ''dog-ra-type"
men, for three others had refused to accom-
modate her in this way.
Another lady brought her three children
to be taken in group. and when | asked
her if she wished them taken In any particu-
lar position, she showed her good sense by
saying that she only asked that they should
not look like three candles; she did not
wish them all standing straight
An old lady, after sitting about half the
time required to have~her picture taken.
raised both hands and exclaimed: Stop it.
stop i'll | winkedP'
As an elegantly dressed young lady was
preparing to sit for her picture, she asked,
- Where must I look?" and before l could
answer, her escort, very diminutive speci-
men of man. stepped in front. of the
screen and said in a squeaking voice, Look
at me-" The scene was so ludicrous that
the lady burst into hearty laughter. and it
was some minutes before she could control
her features for sitting. After that.
Look at me-" soto voce, was for some
time by-word in the gallery.-From "The
Experiences of Photographer" by A.
BogarduS in May Lippincott's.
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03

Zig I-Paths Of Mercury il, Nay tTaHItI oUsT the
Sun, IS0O-I90g.
or less resceut-shaped-abOut as the moon
appears when passing from the new to the
first quarter.
Mercury is composed, like tho earth and
other planets, of material that does not pos
seSs the power Of self-illpminatiOn; c0nse-
quently when the planet is viewed from the
earth we are UNABLE to discern the nom
Illuminated side. and the crescent is simply
due to the foreshortened view We have Of
the Illuminated side.
A year at Mercury is Lightweight days in
length. or, in other words, 1T takes that many
days for the planet to make a journey
100000 miles. When nearest to the sun this
number is decreased to Is, O00,0 600, and when
farthest to 100000 miles.
AN ITEM FROM MERCURY.
The latest news from Mercury-an item
recently announced by the eminent Italian
astronomer Schiaperelli - is that a Mer-
curtains day is of the same length as his
year-that is the planet revOlYes once on its
own axis in the same time that it makes a
journey around the sun; analogous to the
motion of the moon around the earth. This
statement has not been confirmed, how
ever, aud number OF observers are en-
eaged in ascertaining its reality. If it
proves to be true Mercury will be the only
one Of the six outer planets that IS devoid OF
daily rotation.
HOT AND COLD WAVES on MERCURY.
The African living on the earth's Equator
exists in a temperature of from 11O' 10 l2O0.
The imaginary inhabitanto of Mercury would
prepare tor winter when the temperature
was 450o and pass through the ordeal Of q
summer when the thermometer indicated
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
Preparations for Viewing the Inter
Gstilg Phenomenon.
TIE EVENT OF THE NINTH OF MAY.
4 Planet Where ths Winter Is More Than
Twice as Hot as Boiling Water, and the
Sumner as Hot as R8d-HOt Iron, and a
Year Equal to EighT-sight Of Our Days.
Al ETTatC. Member Of The Solar System.

The interesting astronomical phenomenon
Of the transit Of Mercury. which win take
place on the 9th of May, is awakening to
activity the astronomer connected with sta
tions everywhere, provided they are located
in line to give a view of either the internal
OF external contact. Every instrument
known to the science will be brought into
TequiSitiOn. and whatever of interest con-
meets itself with the occurrence Will be care
fully noted. As a matter Of fact, however,
from a scientific point of view, but little adj
ditionRl information respecting the planet or
its motions is expected. everything in con-
nection with its, movements being pretty
well known, the occurrence being rather
frequent, varying iu,interyals from three 10
thirteen years. There viii be scarcely any
time allowed for observers east of the Mis-
slssippi River to make any note Of the tran
sit, but on this Coast the entire phenomenon
can be seen. The time of internal and ex-
ternal contact, together with the duration
Of the passage, can be seen by reference to
the following table:
The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-05-03
AN ADIEU.

(To F. E. b.
20 SO fare thee well, and may the indulgent gods
grant thee every wish thy soul can lorh
Once more fsrewelI"-SOphoces
Thou goest from the homestead which has sheltered
Thy life from infant days:
Thou goest from thy tender parents presence
To tread in unknown ways;
Thou goest from their yesrning eyes beloved,
Yelled in loves golden haze.
Thou goest, but their hearts cannot forget theei
Thy gentle memory will
Be-sweetto them. who part from thee now weeping
And that they'll cherish still.
Thou goestwith their love to bless and crown thee
Their prayers may God fulfill.
Thou goest now from old scenes fondly cherished
To those where all is new;
Thou goest, but the one to whom they trust thee
Is loving, strong and true;
And so they yield thee to his care and keeping,
And say in hope, "Ad!eu."
Thou goest from all may God go with thee
Wherever thou mayst be.
All that could bless thee most we ask 1t. trusting
That God VIII give 1t thee.
And for ourselves that we again with gladness
Thy lovely face may see.
alameda, Cal, Apra "a, 1891 ANELEH