Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-06-27

illustrious Of the numerous knighthoods. II
belongs also to Spain, where it was the only
one to escape suppression by Joseph Bona
parte in lsos; The order chose for its badge
the material Of the staple manufac-
the Apostle, which was the feees.
Is obligatory for Q candidate to be of the
Catholic faith. For the admission Of Prot
estant the sanction Of the pope must be OBJ
tanned. The jewel worn 10 Q golden lamb
Another great Austrian order IL that Of the
gold -
In Hungary, included in the Austro- Hun
garian empire. is also the Order Of ST. Stephen,
conferred only for the most distinguished
services. The granting Of the decoration per-
mlts the recipient to choose whether he win DO
count or baron, andh furthermore becomes
1pso facto privy councillor.
n. Az tne Russian orders confer upon their re-
cipients hereditary titles Of nobility, and for
TINS reason it is that, as has often been said,
one person out Of seven in that empire is ,
nobleman by descent One Of them il the
Order OF st. Andrew" created by
refer the Great. which 10 reserved
usually Tor members of the imperial family
Foreign potentates, and other high functions
RES. AT the nomination of knight he at the
same time becomes Knight of st. Alexander
Newsky, st. Anne and st. Stanislas. For spe-
ciai fayors shown the Tar sets the decoration
In brilliants.
The Order Of Alcantara in Spain, founded in
l7I7, Is limited to those who can prove noble
descent through four generations. Three req
ulsites were formerly necessary to become Q
hnlght OF st.James Of the Sword in Portugal
20 1e OF noble birth, to profess the Catholic
.a,.n, and TO have served in wars
since 1853 has been conferred generally for
military or civil merit. The Royal Order of
Cnarles III in Spain 10 conferred only upon
INC nobility: An important Italian order is
that OF St Maurice, which was founded by the
Duke Emmanuel Philibert in Savoy for the
purpose Of arresting the influence Of Calvin
istic doctrines.
ORDERS BIZ THE POPE.
Four great orders there are conferred BY the
pope. One is that Of Gregory the Great, insti-
tuted BY Pope Gregory XVI, which is divided
into three classes-namely, thirty knights Of
the hrst, seventy Of the second and three hun
dred Of the third, exclusive Of foreigners.
Another Is the Order Of Christ, conferred
only on the most exalted personages.
Yet another is the Order of st. John,
instituted during the crusades and about the
year l0o6. Il is seldom given, but formerly
conferred also the dignity Of Count of the Sa-
cred Palace. Still another is the Order Of the
Golden Spur, granted for civil or military serv-
ice to the pontiff
The Swedish Order Of the Polar Star dates
from 174S, and is termed frequently the "Black
GORDON, on account of the color of the ribbon
worn On gala days members wear the ma
tlonal costume in velvet. One of the most
ancient institutions OF this sort is that of the
Dannebrog in Denmark established in 1919
There Is tradition in that country to the
effect that during battle between the Danes
and pagan Russians when the former thought
destruction imminent q red banner marked with
White cross fell from the clear sky. which in
ssplred the Danes to victory. Hence the en-
biem adopted. One of the most distinguished
OF existing orders is that of tho Elephant in
Denmark. 1t is usually conferred only upon
sovereigns and princes Of friendly nations and
the reigning king is always grand master.