The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1891-06-20
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.


Salt is cheaper in some parts Of
Kansas than plastering sand.
1t is claimed that in almond and
Madeira nut culture the Pacific coast of
the United States bids fair to surpass
the world.
The Poncho Springs in Colorado are
all on the side of a mountain, and hot
and cold water flows from the ground
in places not more than three inches
apart.
In the new discovery for photo
graphy in natural colors, when the
prints are viewed by transmitted in
place of reflected light, each color is re-
placed by its complementary one.
According to German authority it
has been found that zinc will rapidly
corrode when in contact with brick
work. To prevent this, roofng-felt is
placed between the zinc and the brick
work.
Two chemists, Frenzy and Verneuil
who have been experimenting for sew
eral years in the production of artificial
rubies report that they have now over
come the difficulty that has hitherto
prevented them from producing large
rubies, and they can make them of rea-
sonable size.
The water of the central basin of
the Mediterranean has been found to be
warmer, denser and richer in dissolved
salts than the western. While a white
disk was only visible at forty-three
meters, Photographic plates were
affected at 800 meters.
People who sneer at the suggestion
that aerial navigation is not practic-
able should be admonished by the tre-
mendous triumphs of applied science
during the present century. A flying
machine would not seem half so wild a
scheme as the telephone if both were
unlInown.-Inventive Age.
-Weldless steel chains are being eX-
perimented with in England. The
chains are cut from blank after the
same general methods employed in cut
ting out chain from a single piece of
wood. As steel is used, it is asserted
that the weight can be reduced one
third from what was necessary in old
chains of similar strength.
AS regards the encroachments Of
the orchard moth caterpillars on fruit
trees, Miss Ormerod, entomologist OF
the Royal Agricultural society, main
tains that no thorough remedy is known
excepting spraying the trees with in
secticides of such nature, and so APP
piled, as will kill the whole collection
of ravaging hordes at once without in
juring the LEAKAGE or promise of fruit.
Solutions of Paris green, Bordeaux pur-
pie and other arsenical pigments have
been found effectual.
In France tests have been made with
sulphate of copper, lime and water as a
spray in preventing potato disease, with
much success, it is stated, Another ex-
perimenter uses sulphate of iron in
stead of the copper salt with equal eff
feet. The value of those vitriols in COM
bination with lime was recognized in
this country many years ago, but if the
French eXperiinenters can regularly OBJ
tain the result stated-a great reduc-
tion in the percentage of diseased
tubers-various methods of applying
the salts will be tried, especially with
sulphate of iron, which is much cheaper
than the copper salt.
The latest investigations show that
bacteria are spheroidal, rod-like, or
spiral. Under the most powerful micro
scopes they are found to have granu-
lar mass in the center, surrounded by
thin, structureless membrane. Under
favorable conditions, with plenty of
food they divide across the middle, each
part growing longer and again sub
lividi,,o an1 So on in1afpita1N, If +biC
should go on for a few weeks these
minute animals would become so nu-
merous that they would use up all the
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
there is available for life purposes. But
their increase is limited by the facts
that the food supply gives out, the sun
is their deadly enemy, and they eXhale
various chemical substances that are
poisonous to themselves and to each
other.-School journal.
AS the interests and industries of
the west are more fully developed it is
reasonable to assume that the COM
merce of the lakes will gain in impor-
tance, giving cheap and reasonably
rapid service between the east and the
great producing sections of the north
west. Certainly this will be the case if
the government should decide to make
the Hudson river navigable for sea-
going ships as far as Troy. Improve
ment of the great waterways of New
York is all that is necessary to keep the
| tide of commerce at full flood upon the
lakes and through to the metropolis
The west and northwest are interested
no less than are the metropolis and the
Hudson valley in bringing to perfection
the great system of water communica-
tion between the army of western pro-
ducers and the sea-coast. Troy Times.