The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-02-22
Drnlnine in Winter.

II the land needs draining do not put 10 of
for Wlder weather. Draining can go on
though the temperature may ne some degrees
below freezing. The first thing 10 do is o.
map out your work Walk over the ground
caicfully and find the lowest lay % flr land.
Next ascertain whether one good deep drain
viii not take the place IF two or more. After
the drains are laid ont make "a rough sketch of
your field with drains laid down upon lt. and
lay % away tnl future difference. II Will hr Of
use 10 you iu after years. ln draining II is
always the best plan ~ have 'ue drain dug by
contract, the farmer 20 liy tile stone ol tile.
and his own men tn illl up the ditch. Where
the work is aIl done hv contract. Do is done SD
huirlcdlr all ~o cnrelo--lv as rnrelv 10 Doe
done right. The drains may work al right
for few gears and they then I'M mp, and the
work bias to Dee all gone over again.
iuthe writer's l-hb0rh00d contractors get
fnrtv-hye 90 fifty ccuisp errodforthrCwiug out
the earth: If thcy d1 the entire iob 50 cents is
thclnlce demanded. II the land ]. not too
SOFT and fiee of stone. most az the work 0t
throwing out and Hilug I'm the car,n may he
done with the narrow. steel. ditcnlug pillow.
Have stout double tree 10 hali longer than
the regular one So tl.t the horses may walk
one on either side Of the ditch, and thus the
earth is quickly pl1wed in When the weather
is down To- the freezing point and the trench
is being dug let some loose earth remain iu
the bottom. II viii require very hard frost
o. freeze this loose earth. If stone mn album
dance &, on the place and not too Jar away 10
viii bc best 20 Use IT.
This makes the best ditch: less earth has to
be moved. They are quickly put down and
covered up and are not disturbed lbs the run
ways Of mice and lats. One and "a half
inch tile is the best 10 USE. without a very
heavy flow of water is struck. then TWO inches
may be used Au inch and "a half tile viii
carry full stream 81 water and wash away al
sediment. larger tale Wli. fuu only partially
full. and sediment VIII lodge iuthe eiboNsand
other places. and ir time, without attention.
the drain will nll up. After heavy rains or
SHOWS DO is well o. look at the outlets eff an
drains. and see that tine water has nothing 90
stop lis flow. I'm digging drains see 10 it that
they are dug deep enough. Two feet should
be about the depth. Always try Co have a
steadv flow Of wafer. The entire length Of the
ditch should be dug before laying "a drain 20
see that the water flows freely. Commence at
the head and lay d0Wnwards Have collars for
the tile. and rs YOU lay each piece see that it
is level and exactly straight. Chink each side
OF tile with stone, AMI II possible lay some
small stones carefully ON top of the tile
Where the fall Us scarcely perceptible a
watpr-level should be used which will give
Won exactly the level of the ditch. Drains for
temporary use may Ice made quickly IF poles.
placing one on each side OF "a ditch and one
on the ton, covering with small stones dumped
in Deep swales OF holes IN fields may be
filed up with brush and then covered with
earth.
In digging bitches upon swampy or muck
land lny slKtcen-fOut board on each side OF
the ditch 10 stand on. You can then cut your
ditch straight without filling. In ditohing
get good steel tools and keep them bright A
lOng-handled narrow steel spade VIII be found
IA neccs ty.--Il0r.da ZINES Union.