The National tribune., 1891-06-11

This insecticide acts by contact and Is sp-
plicable 10 all demonstrating insects Sucking
insects such as the true bugs and especially
plant lice and scale insects) and also 20 many
OF the mandibuate insects. when the use OF
nrsenites is not advisable. Kerosene emulsion
may be made by means Of various emulsifying
agents, but the most satisfactory substances
and those most available 10 the average farmer
and fruit-grower ere milk and soapsuds. In
each Of these cases the amount of emusifyinR
agent should be one-half the quantity of kero-
sene.
One of the most satisfactory formulas Is A.
follows:
- H. rs.nI
Common soap or whsle-ou
Water.
Heat the solution Of soap and add Il boiling
hot to the kerosene. Churn the mixture by
means of force pump and spray nozzle for Eve
or 10 minutes The emulsion, If perfect, forms
a cream, which thickens upon cooling and
should adhere without Oiliness to the surface Of
glass. For use against scale-insects dilute one
part Of the emulsion with nine parts Of cold
water. For most other insects dilute ono part
of tho emulsion with Is parts Of water. For
soft insects like plant lice the dilution may be
carried TO from 20 TO % parts of water.
The milk emulsion Is produced by the same
methods as the above.
THE REEIN wAsHEA
These insecticides act by contact, and slse,
In the case Of scale insects. by forming an i'm
peryious coating which effectually smothers
the insects treated. These resin washes vary
In efficacy according to the insect treated.
Experience has shown that the best formula for
the Red Scale (AOnidia GHTdntii MaskelJ aud
its yellow variety IA. eitrint1 Coqui!lett) is as
follows:
Resin ....... Is
CEustic soda (7O per cent strength -pcunds...
Fish piuts.... az
water 10 gallons. 100
The necessary ingredients are placed In n
kettle and & Sufficient quantity Of cold water
added 10 cover them. They are then boiled
until dissolved, being occasionally stirred in
the meantime, and after the materials are dis
solved the boiling should be continued for about
an hour, and . considerable degree Of heat
should be employed 80 as 10 keep the prepare
tion in n brisk state Of ebullition, cold water
being added in small quantities whenever there
are indications Of the preparation boiling over.
Too much cold water, however, should not be
added At ono time, or the boiling process will
be arrested and thereby delayed; but by .
little practice tho operator will learn how
much water 10 add so as TO keep the preparA-
ton boiling actively. Stirring the preparation
is quite unnecessary during this stage Of the
work. When boiled sufficiently IL will assimi-
late perfectly with water and should then be
diluted with the proper quantity of cold water,
adding 10 slowly at first and stirring ooea-
sionally during the process. The undilutsd
preparation is pale yellowiEh in color, but by
the addition Of water it becomes q very dark
brown. Before being sprayed or the trees ID
should be strained through n fine wire sieve,
or through piece Of Swiss muslin, and this 10
usually accomplished when pouring the liquid
into the spraying tank, By means Of y strAinsr
placed over the opening through which the
preparation ia introduced into the tank.
The preparing Of, this compound will be
greatly accelerated n the resin and caustic
soda are first pulverized before being placed in
the boiler, but this is quite difficult task TO
perform. Both Of these substances are put up
IN large cakes for the wholesale trade, the resin
being in wooden barrels each barrel contain
ing single cake weighing about 375 pounds,
while the caustic soda is put up in iron drums
containing q single cake each, weighing about
500 pounds. The soda is the most difficult to
dissolve, bat this could doubtless be obviatsd
by first dissOlving il in cold water aud then
using the solution "a required. This insecti-
eide may be applied At any time during the
growing season.
A stronger wash is required for San Jose
scale lAspidiOtus perniciosEs COmstoekl, aud the
following formula gives the best results;
hesn 30
Nhuallc soda llO per cent l...-......... pounds.
ElAh nts... "a
Water enough to make gallons. 100
Place all the ingredients In q kettle aud cover
with water to depth Of four or five inches
boil briskly for about two hours, or until tho
compound can be perfectly dissolved with
water. When this stage 10 reached the kettle
should be filed up with water care being taken
not to chill the wash by adding large quanti-
ties Of cold water at once. Ii may be thus
diluted to about 30 gallons the additional
water being added from time 70 time as it In
used.
This preparation should only be applied
during Winter, or during the dormant period
applied in the growing season il will cause the
loss Of foliage and fruit.
In the application Of both these washes .
very fine spray is not essential, as the object il
not simply to wet the tree, but to thoroughly
coat it over with the compound, and this can
be best accomplished by the use Of rather
coarse spray, which can DO thrown upon the
tree with considerable force.
FOR sUBTERRANEAN INSECTS.
Recent experiments have shown the practical
value OF the resin compounds against the grape
phyllOxeTa, and they will also be applicable 70
the apple rOotlOus0 and other underground in
sects. The cheapest and at the same time one
OF the most satisfactory compounds expert
mented with is the following:
Caustio soda az per cent pounds
ltsaln...-.--- pounds. 30
wafer 10 Lnhke'..''--.'.- gallons. 80
Dissolve the soda over fire with four gallons
OF water; add the resin, and after It is dis
solved and while boiling add water, slowly, 20
make 50 gallons Of compound. For use dilute
TO 800 gallons. EXcaVat6 basins about the
vines six inches deep and two feet in diane
ter, and apply 10 each vine five gallons The
results will be more satisfactory if the treat
ment is made early in the Spring, so that the
rain of the season will assist in disseminating
the wash about the roots.
The kerosene emulsion made according 20
the formula given above Is also applicable TO
certain underground insects in cases where 10
will not prove too expensive, rs, for instance,
the grape phyllOkera or where white grubs are
iniesting valuable lawn. 1t may then be
used in the proportion Of one part of the emul-
sion TO ID gallons of water, applied literally to
the soil, and afterwards washed down at fre-
qucnt intervals with large quantities Of water
for several days. This can be done only whsra
there is plenty Of water at hand, but will be
found of great value in special cases.
In other eases bisulphlde Of carbon nav be
used for specific and local underground forms.
Nests OF ants. for instance, may DO DESTROYED
by pouring an ounce OF this substance into sew
eral holes, covering them with q wet blanket
for 10 minutes and afterwards exploding the
vapor AZ the mouth OF the holes with torch.
Against onion, cabbage aud radish maggots shis
substance may also DO used, by punching hole
with a sharp stick at the base OF the plant and
pouring in teaspoOnful Of the liquid, covering
afterwards with earth.
THE ARsENITEs: LONDON PURPLE, PARIS
GREEN, AND WHITE ARSENIC.