davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1891-01-31
COAL WAGES AND PROFITS.

During the last census year lending |
June 80, 1890, the anthracite coal fields !
Of Pennsylvania employed 129,2 29 |
persons, to whom total sum of 500, |
l52,l24 was paid as wages for a total
average of 1874 days work.
The average daily wages Of Pennsyl |
vania miners when at work were, there
fore, $1.55; but, as they were idle one
third OF the working time, their actual
earnings for the whole year were only
1902, making an average daily income of
about 50 cents per Gay, with which
miner had to support himself and his
family. Mark, furthermore, that, small
as this income appears, the earnings of
the list of employees includes foremen
and clerks, whose salaries are higher and
employment more constant. Again, it
must be observed that, owing either to
the truck system where it is in vogue,
or to the exactions of the retail dealers
where private stores are allowed by the
coal barons, the purchasing power of
mon y in the mining regions is less than
anywhere else. 1t may, in fact, safely
be said that the necessaries which the
Pennsylvania miner can procure with
his earnings are only such as can be
procured in New York, Chicago, or any
great market city of the United States
with an income of so cents per day.
The tendency to increasing idleness
and decreasing earnings is shown by the
fact that IN the ten years, 1880 1890,
the number of persons employed in the
anthracite mines of Pennsylvania in
creased 70 per cent, whereas the total
wages paid increased only 70 per cent.
We have repeatedly stated in these
columns that it was the policy of the coal
barons to constantly increase their
Iaboring force at a greater rate than
production. They have SO far succeeded
in this that in 1890 their miners could
only work 1874 days in the year in
other words the laboring force was over
50 per cent. greater than that required
by production; or one man in three
should have been dismissed in order to
give his two fellow slaves constant
employment.
1t will probably be argued in favor
of the Pennsylvania coal barons that
the value" of anthracite at the mines
was only $1.61t in 1890, as against 81 81
in 1880 But this so.called value" or
rather price at the mines is largely
artificial. 1t is made" by the coal
barons themselves, who own the means
of transportation and so control them
that when they reduce the price at the
mines they correspondingly increase the
freight rates and thus get in one way
what they fail to get in another. Yet,
even on the basis of the lower price re-
turned by them to the census office in
1890, their profits in Pennsylvania, on
account of the increased production,
were fully twelve million dollars more
than in 1880
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1891-01-31
BEEF AS AN OBJECT LESSON.


From extensive and systematic investi-
cations recently made by the Depart
ment of Agriculture it appears that in
the past five years the beef supply of
this country, per capita of its population,
has been steadily decreasing. In 1850,
the number of cattle was 767 per 900
of population and it rose to 815 in 1860
Partly from the effects OF the war it
had decreased to 61S in 1870; but it
steadily increased from that time until
1888, when it reached 500 Since then,
however, the decrease has been con-
slant, and the number of cattle per 1 900
of population was only 1853 in 1889, or 8
less than in 1850. and 81 less than 1860,
when we did not export meat in any
form to any extent comparable with our
present shipments of live and slaughtered
animals, besides canned beef. 1t should
furthermore be observed that the aver
age weight per head must also be less,
much of the cattle intended for the
market being now raised on prairie
ranches and therefore inferior in every
respect to the corn fed and we'll cared
for animals raised on the farm.
These facts show concusivey that our
assumption Of meat per capita is de-
creasing; in other words, that in the
face of our boasted progr, SO the standard
Of living of the masses is now lower than
it was i'll 1860, or even in 1850 Thirty
years of capltalistic prosperity have re-
suited in reducing nearly one-tenth the
beef supply of the wealth producers.
Taken in connection with the further
ldCI tudt our pTOuuCtlOl Vi Wlledl lS On
the average no greater than ten years
ago, although our population has in the
meantime increased more than twelve
million "souls,' the above figures show
conclusively also that, as regards the
two chief agricultural products-the two
great articles of food in the production
of which capitalism has introduced its
method in the form of cattle ranch and
bonanza farm-American agriculture is
on the decline.
But there are other facts, not less
stupendous and instructive, the full i'm.
port of which cannot be realized until
the census returns, however incomplete
and dishonest, shall have been pub
lished.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1891-01-31

The president of the Atchison, Topeka
and Santa Fe Railroad Co. denies the
rumor that Gould and Sage have OBJ
tanned control of that road. He admits,
however, that in the last Wall Street
squeeze they may have bought large
amount of Atchison stock, which indi-
Gates that they have an eye upon that
property.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1891-01-31
JANUARY 81, 1891.
THt SILVER BILL.

The avowed objects Of the two inter.
ests that ad vocate the free coinage Of
silver are apparently conflicting. The
plutoCratiC owners Of silver mines seek
an advance in the price of their product
through the unlimited extension of the
legal privilege, or monopoly-which
that product already shares with gold to
a limited extent-of being used as
money; whereas the capitalisiC debtor
class seeks reduction Of It's debt
through the debasement Of money itself
by the unlimited use, as such, Of de-
preCiated metal. Both, however, have
the same selfish end in view, and that is
to get through Legislation pure and
simple larger share of the products
Of labor than they have yet, as capital
ists, been able to secure
The farmers, we know, are for the
most part workers and, as SUCH should
receive the full value of their labor.
benefited by the Silver bill. So long as
the avenues Of transportation and dis.
tribution are in the hands of capitalists,
all products, whether Of the farm or of
the factory, must continue to be taxed
Tor profits at tn highest possible rate,
regardless of the volume and purchasing
power of money. 1t is very truly as ca
pitalists that they may derive some al
vantage from that bill If its effect shall
be to reduce their present Indebtedness
upon property, the value Of which,
wholly or partly, is not the product of
their labor.
That the free coinage of silver may
in the end have such an effect, cannot
be and is not questioned although the
possible extent of the effect itself is ne
With a population Of less than 40 mil
lions France has zoo million dollars of
silver money and successfully maintains
it at par with gold at the ratio of 15t to
/; whereas, with population of IS mil
lions, the United States have only 500
million dollars Of silver money coined at
the ratio of Is to THAT is, intrinsically
more valuable than the French. We
might, therefore, double the amount OF
our silver currency without affecting its
paying power AZ compared with gold,
especially if in the meantime the green.
backs were retired, or if the circulation
of national bank notes were largely re-
placed by silver certificates. Should
such prove to be the case. however, the
debtor class would gain nothing, while
the owners of silver mines would gain
immensely. But there is certainly a
limit beyond which silver could not be
freely coined without losing more or
less of its value in exchange for gold.
and we shall for the sake of argument,
suppose that we may soon reach 1t.
From that moment gold will be with
held and silver alone will be offered in
payment. And right here let it be Oh
served that if, as some contend, this
should happen on the moment the silver
bill became law, or at any time before
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1891-01-31
COMMUNICATIONS.
The Worlds supply of Money.

Edtor WoRKMEN's ADvoCATE;-Wil
you please state in your next number
the amount of silver and gold used as
money in the various countries of the
world and o6lige Il number of your
readers?
II. RAYNOR.
New YORK, Jan %.
The amount of gold and silver money
in the world is approximately estimated
as follows:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
HISTORY OF THE EvANGEL.
Built as Baptist Gospel Boat-Re
ligious Launching,

Ii is doubtful If there ever Was another vessel
built on the Coast with history as peculiar
and interesting as that of the steamer Evaneel.
She was built in SEATTLE at the footsof Cherry
street in lSs2. by Rev. J. p. Ludlow, a Baptist
preacher. She was propeller, 100 feet long.
II feet wide, feet deep and of n tons burden.
As originally built, she was only so fest in length
and was designed by Ludlow as a gospel shin.
Ludlow was at the time clerk of the court in the
third judicial district and had for long time
before cherished the idea OF building a Cos
pei ship for the purpose of conveying
preachers and workers in the cause of
Christianity around from place to place
on the Sound, holding services at mills
logging camps, ETC., where no other opportuni-
ties for church work existed. Shortly after his
appointment rs clerk OF the court, q rich rela-
tive died, leaving him several thousand dollars
This gave him an opportunity to put his ideas
into practice, and he started 70 do so, and fire.
quently expressed the belief that the Lord had
sent the money to him for the purpose of aiding
him in the undertaking.
He made known his intentions through vari-
Gus channels to the churches of the country,
and in short time subscriptions began to come
in from church societies ali over tae world to
help on the work OF building the ship, suDscrip-
tions having been received from Henry Ward
Beecher's church at Brooklyn. and various
other churches in the East especially.
Before the vessel was finally completed, Lud-
low became interested in an Alaska mail con-
tract The Pacific Coast Steamship Company
had been carrying the Alaska mail up 10 this
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
Tim Shows No Quarter to the
hrrec0ncilable Parnellites.
TO SUCCEED SMITH.
New Stories of Starvation and Police
Persecution i'm Russia.
Socialists Begin the Erfurt Congress
With Fight-The Powers Agree to
Save the Tartar Dynasty in China
No Trouble About the Russian Loan.

DUBLIN, Oct. 15.-A convention of the
Irish National federation was held at
Cavan today. Numerous priests were
among the delegates. Timothy Healy
presided, and in an address said the
members of the Irish National party were
not concerned with eulogies over the dead,
but with the interests of the living. s.Let
the dead past bury its dead" He hoped
that dissensions would be inferred in
Paneils grave. The note for a
renewed war came from the minority
and not from them. Ireland has
given the minority no mandate to perpet-
uate the feud. Their position was degrad-
ing. If the letters and repeated declara-
tions of Redmond and Harrington were
published he promised such an exposure
as probably had never been known in re-
gard to the public men and people of Ire
land. He could forgive Parnell, but these
men pretending to be his political heirs
were acting solely in the interest of Dub
lin castle and the Orange lodges.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
DREADFUL CONDITION OF RUSSIA
The Poor Starving-5OO Students Ar
rested-Police Espionage.

ST. PETERSBURG, Oct 15.-There has been
complete failure of crops in seven provinces.
The czarina has given D,000000 roubles to the
sufferers from her private purse.
The government has closed the university of
Kieff and placed 500 students under arrest. This
action was taken owing to the recent revolu-
tionary behavior of the students.
NEW YORK, Oct I5-Colonel Weber, superin-
tendent of immigration, who left here July S to
investigate the industrial and social condition
OF European countries, notably Russia, has re-
turned. Today in an interview he said:
As for the Russians and their laws they are
the worst ever saw. What with arrogant Do
lice laws, unjust and high-hauded exercises of
power ana the general wretchedness
of the people, the country is in a
dreadful state. We were five DAYS at
ST. Petersburg, delayed there waiting an audi
Nence with the minister OF the interior We had
finally to leave without meeting him. Every
day in Russia our passports were taken up and
handled until they became filthy. While at St
Petersburg we were summoned before the po-
lice, but convinced them we were not spies
| may say this, in anticipating our report: In
Russia we found the conditions that affect emf
grafton so grave and peculiar in character that
we do not feel warranted in speaking of them
except in the form of an official report, accom-
panied by corroborative evidence. If should
tell you what we saw in Russia it would not be
hal
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
THREE REPORTERS KILLED.
They Were Writing Up Midnight Ride
on a Fast Train.

INDIANAPOLIS, Oct. 15.--A horrible accident,
resulting in the death of three members of the
Chicago Inter Ocean staff and the serious injury
of several other passengers, occurred on the
Chicago Il Eastern Illinois railroad, this morn
ing about IL o'clock, at Crete, Ill.
The dead are: Leonard Washburn, sporting
editor tor the Inter OCEAN: Fred w. Henry, re-
porter, and J. MacCatferty, artist, recently from
St. Louis; James Clark, engineer. At Crete the
train ran into an open switch. The men killed
were on the engine, Henry and Mac
Cafferty having gone out for the pur-
pose of writing up and illustrating a
midnight ride on the fast train, and Washburn,
who returning from an Indiana trip, hav-
ing joined his friends on the engine. The acci-
dent came without warning, and as the locomo-
tive plunged from the track the four men were
caught and completely buried beneath the
wreck. President Saul, of the c. & E. |. road
started with special train for the scene of the
wreck as soon as notified. Medical aid accom-
panied the president and everything possible
was done for the injured The engine and bag
gage car were completely destroyed. Two pas
ssnger coaches and the sleeper were more or less
damaged. The roundhouse at the switch was
destroyed and fell upon the wrecked engine.
Fireman Laferty jumped from the engine and
escaped with slight injuries.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
Italy Wants to Be RID of the Pope,

LONDON, Oct 15-In a recent interview one OF
the most prominent cardinals, known to be the
intimate friend OF the pope and one OF his ad-
yisers, said the Vatican is convinced that the
late disorders in Rome. said TO have been pre-
cipltated by the French pilgrims, were really in
stgated by the Italian government. which has
become jealous, growing out OF the influence OF
the pope and the amicabte relations existing be-
tween France and the Vatican. The cardinal
declared that the Italian government would pre-
fer the assassination or the expulsion of the pope
to the present situation. The pope himself re-
Gently said;
l am no longer prisoner, but a hostage,
menaced with expulsion or assassination unless
/ capitulate before the enemy.
The cardinal, continuing, said the pope would
never accept the present situation, but nothing
has yet been decided upon in the matter of his
leaving Rome. II is said in ecclesiastical cir
eles that the occupation OF Rome by Italy
would end like the finish to the French COM
mune, by massacre of the hostages.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
STEAMER ATLANTA RETURNS.
Smashed by Waves and Shattered by
Naphtha ExuIosion-CreW Injured.

New YORK, Oct. 15.-with her port hawse
hole smashed, main deck sheathing cracked,
six men severely injured, two prob
ably fatally the United States steamer
Atlanta came TO anchor OF Bedloes Island at
o'clock tonight after the severest struggle with
the elements that any ship OF the new navy
has experienced on Monday night her
decks were swept by terrific seas which
smashed the port hawse-hole, cracked the
shesthing of the main deck and flooded the
berth deck An enormous wave break
ing on her quarter, flooded the double
compartment between the hold and berth
deck. This deck is divided by
partition, the forward part being the collision
compartment and that aft the store-room. In the
collision compartment was stored guam
tity of japan dryer, the base OF
which is naphtha Pumps were rigged
II relieve the vessel of water and
light was lowered, when the naphtha gas ex-
ploded. Frank Craven, seamau's apprentice,
and James Nonahsn, q blacksmith, were fatally
injured by breathing the ignited vapor. The
Others injured are: Henry Heiila, seaman;
A &c Nowac landsman; John Eli, marine, and
Joseph Merriam, seaman.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
POWERS FRIENDLY WITH CHINA.
Diplomatic Deadbeat's Debts to BE Paid
The Tartar Dynasty Saved.


The Tartar Dynasty Saved.
SHANGHAI, Oct. l5.-The Chinese government
has consented to pay the sums borrowed fraud
ulently or contracted for by an ex-member OF
the Chinese legation in Paris. The relations of
the ministers of the powers with the Pekin
government have taken a turn which tends
toward more harmonious state of affairs.
LONDON, Oct. 15.-The action of Lord Sails
bury in the late conference between the powers,
called to consider their attitude toward China,
was based ON curious facts which are made
known for the first time in diplomatic circles.
1t appears that before this conference extraordi-
nary representations were made by China to
the powers, which showed that the ex-
listing Chinese dynasty is in a danger
GUS position; that it is an alien dynasty
ana that rebellion, or possibly revolution, is
likely at any time TO occur. Dissatisfacted Off
cials, realizing the fact that the emperor of
China must not necessarily be a member of the
royal line, have ambitions reaching even to the
throne itself. Consequently the emperor and
his advisers, knowing the existence of this op-
position and ambition, have feared to adopt re-
pressive measures, dou biting their strength to
carry them out Diplomatic representatives of
the western powers, after a full discus
sion of the subject, agreed to accept the
situation as it was and back up the present
Chinese dynasty with their army and navy.
England was chosen to lead the way, as it was
considered be in the best position to carry
out the agreement. Lord Salisbury conse-
quently assured the Chinese viceroy that Eng
land would give every aid to the present
government in putting down rebellion, if such
rebellion occurred throagh the efforts
OF Chinese authorizes to punish the
authors of recent outrages on for
eigners, or in adopting m, asures tending TO
insure the safety and protection of foreign resi-
dents in China. The present dynasty, therefore,
is supported by the leading powers of Europe,
which is practically a guarantee to it against
any disaster from any internecine trouble bear
ing on the foreign question. Relying upon this
assurance, China has recently been vigorously
degrading a number of its high officials, punish
ing offenders and adjusting claims of compen-
sation.
WASHINGTON CITY, Oct 15-It is said at the
state department that the report from Shanghai
that the foreign ministers had closed negotia-
tions with the Chinese government cannot be
true, far the representatives of this govern
ment are concerned, for the reason that no in
structions of that character have been issued by
the president, and the acting minister would
hardly presume to take such an important step
in the absence of positive instructions.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
s.,m.eeaa,. Farewell to His Mothek.

VALPARAISO, Oct. 15.-A letter of BalmacedaIto
his mother, written only few hours before he
committed suicide, has just been made public.
Ii i as follows:
Dear Mother: go on along journey. No time
remains IN which 10 bid you farewell. My i'm
piaeabie enemies will not now succeed in con-
demning me- The only thing recommend is
that you maintain in your religious faith
Your son, MANUEL
Proeurator Faz, who was supposed to have
been shot on the day the juuts captured Val
paraiso, is alive after ali. lie is now in Jail.
With other political prisoners of prominence, he
will be tried by the tribunals.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
CONGRESSMAN w. HI. II. lee DEAD
A Brave virginian and SON OF the Great
Confederate General.

n 0K8RG
Confederate General.
ALEXANDRIA, Va, Oct. 15.-General W. H n
Lee died at Ravensworth, Fairfax county, this
evening, aged 81
William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, the second son
of General Robert f. Lee, was born at Arlington
Va, May 81, 1857. He graduated at Harvard IL
1857, and was appointed second Lieutenant III
the Sixth. United States infantry, serving in
Utah and afterwards In California. Returning
from the army to engage in agricultural pur-
suits he lived on the famous White House farm
until 1861, when he organized q cavalry com
pany for the Confederacy. OF this troop he was
made captain. He fought all through the war
and did gallant service, and on October 2 1851
was made brigadier general On June ., 1865,
he was captured at Brandy station. and was
taken TO Fortress Monroe, where he was held a
hostage for some time In the spring OF 1864
he was exchanged, and was made q major gem
eral. He led his division in its fight from Ran
idan to Appomatfox, when he gurrendered
After the war he turned his attention again "a
farming. and for some years was president q
the state Agricultural Society. In 1878 he W -
elected to the state Senate, and in 1856 was sen{
to congress. He served his term out, and then
retired to private life, but was reelected TO cus
gFess last year.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
AMOSKEAG MILLS WRECKED
By Bursting Flywheel-A Man and q
Girl kilIed-Others Hurt.

MANCHESTER, n H., Oct. 15.-By the bursting
of the fywheel of a monster engine in the mill
of the Amoskeag corporation a portion of the
building was torn away Fifteen girls were en-
ployed in a room over the engine house when
the flywheel burst, and they were carried to the
basement in the ruins. Four escaped with
slight bruises, three were probably fatally in
iured and four others painfully bruised and cut
The body of Engineer Bunker was found in
the wheel pit with the head smashed, and Emil
Dane, employed in the top story OF the No. 5
mill, was fatally injured by piece OF ay-
wheel, which came through the window and
struck him. Mamie Kane, one OF the injured
girls, died this afternoon.
Mrs. Ada Crane, another of the injured, died
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-10-16
Friends Delighted Over His
Complete Restoration.
HE STILL LIncERs IN MAINE.
Congressman w. II. F. Lee. the Great
Confederate Soldiers Son, Dead.
Count Arco-valley. German Minister to
America. succumbs 50 . Surgical OPP
eration-Kansas Abolitionist Gone
Tragic End of g. A. II. Commander


BosroN, Oct. Ex-senator Hale. Of Maines
says of Mr.. Blaine:
You would hardly know him for the same
person that passed through Boston last June
He eats well, sleeps well. and his mind Ia as &C
tive and alert as ever. He passed some time
with me at Ellsworth on his journey from Bar
Harbor to Augusta.
Referring to the reports of Tuesday that
Mr.. Blaine had been victim of paralysis
Senator Hale observed, that If true, he
thought a good many men might be large
ly benefited by similar shock. NO.
said Mr.. Hale, "it is all nonsense"
AUGUSTA, Me-, Oct 16--It is not yet definitely
settled when Secretary Blaine will leave fox
Washington CITY