davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05
The Bid Was Withdrawn.

In Jacksonville, Fla, in the Winter
of lS4S an auction sale of the personal
estate of a deceased planter, compris-
ing some seventy or eighty slaves and
other "chattlcs," was held in the pub
lie market-place, was glad of the
opportunity to see for myself how
such things were done. On beginning
the sale the auctioneer announced that
families would not be separated, but
would be sold in "lots." After num-
Der of lots had been duly brought to
the block and knocked down to the
highest bidders, bright-looking boy
was brought forward and placed upon
the stand. The auctioncer at the same
time called an old coored man among
the crowd to come up and stand beside
the boy. He did so, and the actioneer
then said:
Gentlemen the old man is this boys
father; he lives in the West Indies, and
is free man. He wants to buy the
boy and take him to his home and
make him free. He bids S40O, which
is all the money he has
The intent of this statement was evi-
IDENTIFY to discourage any advance on
that bid, and it touched a sympathetic
chord in his audience. The crowd
watched the proceedings for a minute
or two in silence, while the auctioneer
dwelt upon the bid OF S40O, and was
calling it off for the third and last time
when from the outskirts of the crowd,
a voice bid "Fifty.n Every eye was
at once turned in the direction of the
bidder, who was rough, dissipatcd
looking fellow, a typical slave-tradcr
IN appearance. The auctioneer paused
a moment, looked annoyed, and then
repeated his previous statement con-
cerning the old man, emphasizing the
remark that 500 was all the money he
had.
"And now" said he, Il am bid four
and fifty" From a dozen voices came
the cry, Withdraw your bid!n The
bidder growled in a surly refusal say.
ing he wanted that boy, and has "a.
good right to bid as anybody" "Four
hundred and fifty came slowly from
the lips of the actioneer. The shouts o
"Withdraw your bid!' were repeatc'
in angry tones on every side.
We'll" p" said the bidder, Il Withdraw
it,
The auctioneer quickly went back tc
the original bid, on which he dwell
two or three times, when down wen
his hammer. sold at four hundred
Old man, the boy is yours; take hin
down." The crowd chcered, and tn,
principal figure in this little drama
who, the moment before, had been tn,
picture of despair, hurried down from
the stand smiling and happy.
-rw-y s-szw
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05

One of the most interesting episodes in
the history of the educational campaign
was furnished by the annual meeting OF
the Ontario and Livingston Sheep-Breed-
ers' Association. For the first time in
the history of the country wool-growers
passed resolutions in favor of free wool
They begin by confessing that their re.
solutions of past years demanding
restoration of the duties of 1867 have
been stereotyped and admitting that they
have been sadly in error. Experience
has convinced them of a truth of which
economists have long had knowledge,
that the tariff has not kept down the
amount of importations of wool mol
maintained its price.
These wool-growers Of Ontario and
st. Lawrence Counties have learned thai
the prosperity of the wool-growers de.
pends upon that of the manufacturers OF
woolens, and that "the American man.
ufacturer is seriously handicapped by rea.
son of being compelled to pay an exorbi-
tant tax on every pound of clothing wool
imported for necessary admixture, Will,
all foreign countries of any consequence,
have the benefit of free wool, and art
thus enabled to undersell our own man.
ufacturers."
The result of our wool tariff, there.
fore, has been disastrous both to the
growers of wool and to the manufactur.
ers. The latter being driving out oI
business by the eXtravagant cost of theiI
raw material, the former have had nt
market for the product of their sheep
The manufacturers have been ruined b>
the excessive duties, and the farmers no
only have not gained by them but hav,
actually lost. This is what the wool
growers say on the subject:
The United States on the contrary, h.
imposing high duty on raw wool, hav
not only destroyed our expert trade, br
80 throttled our manufacturers as to ru
re market for domestic fleece and Civ
t. the English, French and Germa
manufacturers the cream of our MAJ
kets for cloths.
And these are the last two resolution
of the series:
EIGHTH.-The free importation of ra,
wool into the United States would knoc
outthe mportation of manufactured WOO
len goods, and would revive the presen
depressed state of our own manufactures
thus giving employment to labor here an
creating an increased demand for ou
strong woods for necessary admixture.
Ninth. .-Rocognizing the truth of tn
above facts, therefore, we, the member
of the Ontario and Livingston Sheen
Breeders and Wool-Growers' Association
in convention assembled, most respect
fully petition Congress to place wool an,
wooden manufacturers on the free list il
order that their industries NAV agai
thrive and assume that magnitude con
mensurate with a nation of $4,000, ,0C
of people.
When the wool-growers begin to res
lize the follies and iniquities of the exist
ing tariff laws the leaven of education i
working.-N. Y, World.
-----4~~s---
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05

GOVERNOR PATTIsoN is taking littl,
exercise in writing veto messages. L
is the fault of the Legislature, how
ever, that he was gwen two oppor
tunities to do SO, one on Monday ano
one on Tuesday. 1t was a foolish
thing for the Republicans to send a
Joint resolution to the Governor asking
the Senators from Pennsylvania to
promote the passage Of the Force bill
A veto was inevitable. Equally foolisl
was it to pass resolution to prin
10000 copies of the Governors in
augural address. There is entirely
too much money wasted ON special
orders for printing, and the Cover
nor could not have more favorable
opportunity for expressing his opinion
on that subject than when he ha,.
presented to him a resolution to print
extra copies of his own address
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05
CITIZENS BANK
FREELAND.
Is FRO 7 STREET,
Capital, - 5O,OOO-
OFFICERS.

JosEPH BIRKBEcK, President.
II. c. KooNs, Vice President.
b. r. DAVIS, Cashier.
EDWARD SNYDER, Secretary.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05

Hon. WILLIAM WINDOW, Secretary Of
the Treasury of the United State
died suddenly of heart failure at Me-
York on Thursday evening last. He
was attending banquet given by tn
New York Board of Trade and shorr y
after concluding his speech he fell f
the floor a corpse. Mr.. Window
twice served in the capacity of Secre
tary of the Treasury, being first n.
pointed by President Garfield. He
was well acquainted with the duties
his office and was considered one {
the ablest advisers of the preseLl
administration. The vacancy causec
by his death has not yet been filled.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05

HUGH McGARvEY, of Beaver Meadow
was last week appointed messenger i
the State Department to succeed John
R. Parry, of Philadelphia. By this
decision Governor Pattison has recog
nized the laboring class of the Goa
fields and one who has been prom
inent in labor circles for many years.
Mr.. McGarvey did valiant work IN
the late campaign and the position
given him is a just appreciation OF his
services.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05
FREELAND, FEBRUARY 3, 1891.

SEM. OFFICIAL announcement having
been made that an attempt to pass
the cloture rule and the Force bill Will
not again be made, Senate and House
are now expected to get down to work
and do the greater part OF the work
of the session within the next fou'
weeks. 1t is practically settled thai
no occasion shall be given for calling
an extra session.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05

ssEy- Three per cent interest paid on savings
deposits.
Open daily from a. M. to 4 p. m. Saturday
evenings from tOS.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05

Subscribe for the TRIBUNE.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05
Irrigation in Idaho.

Idaho territory has 1000 miles OF
lrrigating bitches.
Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, 1891-02-05
DIRECTORS

Joseph Birkbeck, II. c. Koons, Thos.
ner, Edward Snyder, William Kemp,
Anthony Rudewick, Matthias Schwabe,
Al. ShiVe, John Smith.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
POETRY.
November.


Like some fair woman who hath lost youth ;
charm,
We, holds within her heart Al saodly gifts.
November romcs-afa pa.e by storm 5
ailrm.
Bonn, san De-, H.l>, yet showing ihro
aau riffs
samr H5f.a = acaea.s blue and sunshine
Inv
d.. ia..s ta earth her mantle soft Of sno"
What matters then tho hill aud vale are bare
She clothes them in dainty sarh Of Whit
Hangs every scrub with icy Jewels rare,
And fills tht land with echoes If delight
From merry sleish.beli,, and the Hthmie
beat,
Upon the frozen Rad, Of tas feet,
So comes rhauk,snii- ua,=ts it should
come
With elerrf4'ue,, and J5y, and ringing
bill;
With deaaHe, gathered round the hearth Of
hme.
Nbaauf the land a happy chorus swells
WH-t -fsaAs Nations praise to God above
IN tu4ns6.ucss for His protecting love
The LGdir, Home journal.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
M anners In Child. en-.

If We desire chi'dr, n to be courteous VT
must treat them with respect says Elisa.
beth Soovil in The Ladies'. Home Journal
They will infsllibly copy our manners; so
we must take care that they are the best.
Let us be as careful of thrir feelings as
we wish them to be of those of others. When
i is necessary to administer reprooof, let
it be given in private, Many children are
very sensitive on this point, aud they feel
acutely, although they cannot put their
emotions into words. To tell child in
public that It has been rude, or lacking in
good breeding, is IS warrsntable as IL
would be to tell q guest 30. 1t is no OK
cuse to say that we are trying to teach II
to do better; we can do this with greater
eject If we take it aside at the first con.
venient moment and gently point out
whore the error was, and what should be
ione the next time.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
TRY DANA's sARsAPARlLLA.
MISCELLANY.

lie proudly MY motto is live and let live"
She wcarily-''l wish it was sleep and let
sleep
When all other remedies for scrofaa fail,
Ayers Sarsapar lila if persistently used effects
a cure. Being powerful Alternative, it cleanses
the blood Of all impurities, destroys the germs
OF sctofula and iulparts new life and yigor 10
| every fibre of the body.
The first fall campaign in history was the one
| conducted by Mother Eve and the serpent.
| Beauty is said to be only skin deep; but to
possess and preserve a beautiful skin, pure, Wig
orous blood is essential. This is best secured
| by taking Ayers SIrslparlllA in small but
| frequent doses. 1t is the most reliable Of
| blood-puriters,
| When they say the brides costume was a
| dream do they mean to imply that it was an
| illusion
There is no excuse for any man to appear in
society with grizzly beard since the introduc-
ton Of Buckingham's Dye, which eolors a
natural brown or black.
| Qpiddunc-"W do they mean by the lay
of the land :" Wagg-"Why, egg plant, Of
| course
| The brusque and fussy impulse of these days i'm
preston would rate down all as worthless because
| one is unworthy. AS if there were no notes in
| sunheams! Or comets among stars! Or catlracts
| in peaceful rversi because one remedy processes
to do what it uever was adapted To do are al
| remedies WORTHLESS! Because me doctor lets his
| patient die. are all humhugsl 1t requires fine
| eye and a finer brain 70 discrminate-to draw the
| diiierental line.
"They say that Dir Piefce's Golden Nedca
| Discovery and DR.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription
| have cured thousands.
| "Ihey say" Tor weak system there's nothing
better than the discovery, and that the tavorite
Prescription" is the hope OF dc@ilitatcd, ieebl,
women who need restorative tonic and bracinp
| ncvine And here is the prrnl---
| Try or both. If they don't help you tell tn,
Worlds Dispensary Medical Association, OF
Buffalo, N. Y and you get your money back agar
Teacher-"Patsy, what is an slandi" Patsy
PLEASE, sur, it's place they send scrape N
DRINKS fer ten days"
"a Con SEND is Eys Cream Balm had cat rrl
| for three years. Two or three times week my
nose would bleed thought the sores would never
heal. Your Balm has cured me. Mrs. NJ a
| Jackson. Portsmouth, y. II.
| Twas much troubled With catarrh it scriousl,
affected my voice. One bottle of Ely's Cream Balm
did the work. My voice is fully restored +
| I.iepsner IA. NJ Pastor OF the Olivct Baptis
Church, Philadelphia. Pa.
A Harlem widow has had three husbands
| @ ach of HON six feet tall She is
favorte with high men.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
Things Money Cannot Buy.


How much the happiness OF mtiYidnal
lives is made up of priceless things un.
sslesble in the coin of tho hud. yet found
quickly when the heart II tie seafchtr
honesty desires 1h,uI, MsnH Il these real
treasures are qualities tht SIMPLY dihuse
themselves through tas mora. aud mental
atmospheric, aud al sometimes lit e valued
because tLcy seem luo Saporuus and too
Elusive to Boz pfseual y grasped; but thy
are "a uiur possessions, and won by heart
service.
Wf1#du S net rejoice 10 have IN honor
able immt act necessarily distinguish
ed mann. but clean one: Truly, pride
iu such uu Inheritance, which cannot be
bought Is jusuhable if with 1t there are
mingled feeling of humility and a desire
to do ones own part to trsnsmit the name
as unsulled as II has been bestowed.
What makes home love dearer aad s"eeter
than all els b, and treasured while life ia>ts:
not thu tables and chairs, not the delicacy
OF porcelain or the u, sthetic beauty which
the loom achieves. These minister to the
comfort, taste, and artistic nature; but be
yond these there Is something which minis
ters to the heart IN soul, glor flying plain
surroundings and LONELY detalis-somc-
thiup illu.lve 10 measure or weight yet
potent to guide, 10 comfort, and To help
W hat Is this but the sympathy, the trust
tue spirit Of sac ilice the gent CHESS, the
fa til, the reailnl s. to do and TO bear which
blended together, make the cham that
binds Us to our homts:
What heauteous prospect, what luxnri-
GUS surroundings, Whit wonders OF ma
tura or art but lose their my sterious charm
hen viewed by eyes that seeing see not
Or when shared with a cold thankless
heart. The power to enjoy, the power 10
appro cilte, these are hat render pleasures
real aud bring the JOY INTO them This
thankful receiving of ii asutei great OF
snail, aud extracting the honey from
them, is not to be found at any store, yet
It is another and large factor in true happi
ness.
ContentmeDt, too, that balm against the
ravages Of worldly unrest, where can IT
be found and what is its price? Not
silver or gold, but patient striving with II
thankful heart will bring TO the soul who
desires it, and in its possession turks the
charm to chase away unhappy visions, to
still nnwi-t iungings, AMI to open the IN
ucr visions 10 the peaceful delights of the
home, the friends, the advantages which
may be ours. And SO through all the
phases of human happiness We may 60,
finding always that its true essence is
.omtthing that must he gained without
money aud without price.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
ARNOLD & CO
SEOVh1 gan Ne.
OLD POST OFFICE.
PROBATE NOTICES


Az All ptfsonh Interested IN eltner oil I'M
Estates hereinafter named.
4 ia COURT OF PROBATE held at skos
L hegan, within and for the county OF Somer
CT. on the I'd TUESDAY OF OCr. in the year OF
onr Lord one thousand eight hundred and min ty
one the following bu sneas having been present
Ell Tor action heteuppn hereinafter Inflated, IL l.
hereby Ordered: That public notice thereof 1T
gwen 10 all persons Interested, mat they ma,
appear at II Probate Court To be holden at SAT-
skowhcgail, ut the Probate Office on the scconC
Tuesday OF next NOVEMBER at nine OF tht
clock IN the forenoon, and be heard Thereon
hnJ object II they see cause.
JAMES s spArLDING, late of Anson, deceased
VIII presented for Probate by Ben Moore tn,
executor named therein;
FRANCES T. sPAuLDlNG, late of Nor,idgewock
deceased. VIII presented for Probate by Edwar,
Lowe, the executor named therein
JULIA A. BuRRILL, late of Fairfield deceased
VIII presented foi Probate by John 7. Abbott tn,
executor uamed therein.
RnoDA NJ LUCE, late of New Portland d,ceas ID
viii presented for Probate by Otis HutChms tn,
executor named therein.
GEORGE HENRY FROST, late of Canaan, desceased
Petition for cence TO sell and convey real eslat,
presented by sewall Brown, Admr
HENRY PRESCOTT, late of Lexington deceased
Petition for License to sell aud convey real estat,
presented by Joseph f. Libby Guardian
MARY a: DUNLAP, late Of Mercer deceased. Fina
account of s. b. Walton, Executor presented
IRA GOODRICH, late of Canaan, deceased secont
account of George W. johnson, Executor presented
BENJAMIN A DAMON late of Palmyra, deceased
Final account of Hiram L. Wrbber, Admr. presented
JOHN CHuRCHlLL late of Starks, deceased First
account of Levi Greenleat, Admr. presented.
HARRIET T. BOARDMAN, late of Norridge wnck
deceased. First account of Lleweiyn Brown
Executor presented
LORENZO D. klMBALL of Harmony. First account
of NJ. j. Merrill, Guardian presented
PHBBE A. DINSMORE. late of Skowhegan, deceased
First and final account of VIM IIolbrook, Executor
Presented.
JOHN $. LONG FELLOW, late of Harmony, deceas.
ed Al pf Dan
PARTNER presented.
-, HENRY PRESCOTT, late of Lexington, deceased.
First ana inal account OF Henry Atwood Admr Or, i.
scented by Mary Atwood, his admmstratrix.
CAROLINE A. COFFIN late of Skowhegan, deceas.
ed WIN presented for Probate by Edward r.
Com >, the Executor named therein.
LUCY II. H0LBROoK, of Canaan. Petition Il r
license to sell and convey real estate presented by
Ivory Lowe, Guardian.
TURNER BUSwELL. Judge
Attest: s. II. GOODWIN, Register.
Post Office address, Judge, aud K ,sister
akovtegar, Ne sv4s
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

The COf microbes (micro-organ-
Invisible isms) is ghty host
Army. which indeed no man can
number. Invisible to the naked eye. the
poisonous part of this army is the cause
Of four-tltths of all the diseases of the
hun an fsmily-the9 destroy more lives
tn war, ia min tite, mlrd'r and ship
wreck combined, and they actually abbre-
vate the average term Of human life by
three fourths. The way to relieve the
human body of these microbes is to take
Swift's Specific. When this medicine
gets well into the system the poisonous
germ mus leave-be cannot exist there,
hence he seeks an exit through the pores
of the skin After he departs, contin-
ued use of the Specific will force out the
poison. ard The patient is well.
Treatise on Blood and Skin Diseases mailed
free,
SWIFT SPECIFIC CO, Atlanta, Ga.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

Advices fr IN Caribou are to the effect
that the new br dee across the Aroostoos
river 10 replace The one recently burned,
must lie built of wood. and for the fol-
lowing reason. There is no sto he IN the
soil nor quarry where granite can be OBJ
tanned nearer than Canterbury, n. b., ore
hundred miles away The new bridge
will rest, therefore, upon wooden piers
and will cost about ten thousand dollar.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

Ofanythlng wrong with the Kidneys or Bladder,
recourses should At once be had 70 Or. Kennedy :
Favosits Remedy, Of Rondout, N. Y. The Fav-
II H. DlaAlsr, Iron which sslisf has besn vaisiy
ss1ghG WIS., 49, b . tesdsacv b Rhssna1fe
goGk epssdy fsllsf invaFlably lpllevs II -.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

To remove tea stqns from cups and
siueers, sec ur them with ashes.
If the oven is too hot when baking,
place small dish of cold water in it.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
PARLOR SUITS.

When Crushed Pushed Suits
are selling for s25, every one
can afford one. Our line of
Pdrlor Suits this fall is the
handsomest we ever handled:
large chairs, roomy sofas, fine
upholSterlng, first class goods,
SI5 to Sl50.
Send for rutS.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
CHAMBER SETS.

Oak Sets for $50, other dealers
can't possibly give you as good
value Tor your money as these
sets. Our S25 Ash Sets with
cheval glass, sells as last as we
can get them; that's a proof
that they are tip top sets.
Send for cuts and nrices.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
PARLOR STOVE.
RANGES.

Nothing to come up to the
Quaker Range. Manufacturers
try hard, but none save the
coal or wood like the Quaker
We sell for 1913 cabinet base
Quaker, 20X20 oven, ware, pipe
and zine, for - down and 81 a
month.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

Three essentials are re-
qnlsite to form Ideal lnrnl
ture.
Beauty. Comfort and Dura-
10.
o''''y'
You Can seldom buy them
cheap. But you can always
find Them in Rattan Fnrni-
'u'e'
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

Upon the annexed, 1t Is ordered, that notice
he gwen 10 he 1ibelec by publishing AN attest
, q c"py OF the same toge Their " it'll his order
'hrtui, three weeks successfully IN the SoMER
SET ktpoRTER. new spaper printed 10 Skowhe.
gan III the County of Snmtrser, The last pnbli-
cation To b" thirty DAYS at l. asst before the next
Term OF said Court. 10 he holden at Skowhrgin
Within and Tor said County, On the third Tues.
day Of De emhtr next. tat he NAV then and
there apntar in said Court and an ,wer thereto
II he see tit. wv
Attest: N. W. BRA1NERD, Clerk.
true copy of ord of n1tice and III |,
Alte,t:N- W. BRAINRRD, Clerk.
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

1leeplessness Cured. ~
ST. SEvERIN, Keylerion p. O., Pa,
am glad TO testify that / used Pastor
koenigs Nerve Tonic with the best success for
sleeplessness, and believe that IT Ia really a
great relief for suffering humanity.
+. FRANK, Pastor.
OLDTowN, Nd, September 1890.
One OF the parties to whom l sold some OF
Pastor koenig's Nerve Tonic was telling me to.
daythat he had suffered from great dizziness
and pain through his whole body. After using
one bottle he was entirely cured.
JOHN W. CARDER, Merchant.
MY wife suffered for number Of years from
violent nervousness and spent hundreds of dol
lars Tor doctors and medicine but all to nc
aYail After taking only two bottles Of Pastor
hoenig's NorW Tonic her trou lie las subsidod
FFT EiiiJ NER
RARR-A. Valuable Book en- Nervous
bUDD Diseases sent free to any address.
and poor patients can also obtain
] uth6 this medicine free Of charge.
This remedy has been prepared by the Reverend
bnow prepared underht direction BY the
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29
THE
LA MSON Il HUBBARD
lat.
INvES TORS

If you have had unpleasant experiences
investing money outside of Maine, better
turn your attention to the Treasury Stock
The Atkinson House Furnishing Company,
paying per cent every six months with
clock work regularity. The Ninth Dew
den is nearly earned, and will he paid
January 18th, 1899. Better get in while
the Ssock il ut par, $40. You VIII see it
Si5 in less than one year. Call or write
for particulars. Addre the Company,
q SCHOOL STREET,
BOSTON MASS.
Or PORTLAND, Ne. Al
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

SOMERSET SIS supreme judicial Court
September Trim ISL
Melissa S. Kicker. LIB, VS. Samuel s. Kicker
The Somerset reporter. [volume] (Skowhegan, Me.) 1868-1909, 1891-10-29

DANA'S SAhsArAklLA CURES