davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der fortschritt. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1891-1915, 1891-11-12
Rebr STAT!

ueber Den bebeutenben Nufl9uuu9,
tpelheu bic elettri1@e Beleadtuus in
Berlin senou,meu bat. siebt Der ioeben
erj9ieuene neueite @ei@dftsberi@t Der
.Berliner OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES" interei>
ionte Nustunit: @iernad 1T in benz
abselaufenfm @el@ditsjabr 60. Sani
1890 big 1. Suli 1917 bic !3abl ber
& onlumenteu ia, abselaufenen Sc
i9aitsiabr BON 872 auf 1914. alio nm
ca. so Hro5cnt 9eitie8eu, tpdbreno be
Der anseidloiienen 2ampen. cine @r.
b0bung BON 74,959 auf l04, 100 beatu.
oeren S1romdqutoalent eriabren bat.
Sic 9ermehruu9 Der 9ampe1 entlpribt
oaae9en Dem friheren BecbdltniB BET
Nbnebmeraabl aug Dem @runoe nttt
mebr, tpeil oas eleftr;l@e 2i9t nuns
mebr ou9 bel benz Ebeil oes Gubli'
tums lid @insaus 5u i@aHen anfdnst,
BET ,uegen {eineS 9erinseren 9l9tbe>
oirjniNes Die Nula9e big oahin ni9t
flr lobneno belt. 9teuere iett benz
30. Sunt e~ln8e9dH9eHe NHHaelouH9eu
fi9ern idon iebt fur ben tommenoen
Binter meitere 25-3O.OO0 Mormal>
lampen. Mu9 Die Iusnubun9 xoes
elettsilden @tromes 5u 9errerblihen
3lpeten madt betrddtlt9e Gortlbritte.
Die @e)eQidlit bat ben be5uglihen
9arif neueroin9s melsntlib pereinfabt
uuo berabgeiebt, in Der @orau5 iidt,
oem &le1usemsrbe Die BON ibm ortn'
9eno beu6tbiste biQige 8etriebstraIt
uno benz unternebn1eu ielblt elm erz
|priebli@eS Irbeltsfllo 5u erl9lieBe1.
Sic ou Sabresl6luB BON ben 3et>
tunsen BET @eleuldait %seipeiiten Mo<
loren perbrau9ten an elettrilrer @ners
gle 274,457 &ilowattltunoen seaer
69,59l 3ilowattl turoen i'm Gorjabr.
Ser &eIammtuerbraud an GnerSie
iiir 8eleudtuugs5wede lit BON 4l,95
auf 1854 M!uionet Nrrmallampen=
ltunoen, al1o u,u 41,55 Yro5ent 9es
itiesen. Die @%r5eu9uus hieisr 5troms
menae a%blorbirte 1922 WttltInsn t1c.
&ieroetraititunoen.
Der fortschritt. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1891-1915, 1891-11-12
GeiratD6autraa.

vGopa, Der Iooli bat mir eineu Nu=
tra9 9emadtl"
vWas, Der Noolf, ben perrldten
Meuiden mirit 9u bod nidt et:ra bei>
ratbeu? .3uerit 1T CT Maler 9etueien,
Danu bat er, elm 2uftldiff erfinben mol.
len, banu mar er I'm Marrenbaus unb
iebt madt ct DIR gar einen 9eiraths<
autru9"
Der fortschritt. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1891-1915, 1891-11-12
aus 0prnht.

&idter: Isle f0nnen nibt leugnen,
oaB 5ie nit etnem Geuolper IN Der
1alde ertappt tuoroen iilo!"
5trol9: v9err @erl9tSbof! Sour
aus Gorl tdt. 9enn tper lit in IN isrer
3eit mob iider, bob CT niGt a~nsefaQeu
urD beraubt tDiro?"
Der fortschritt. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1891-1915, 1891-11-12

vfa.F.Net
1rien, @yaa, Seei6enbers. a&t 1ele.
pbonnete BOT, i&lob einea Bertrae mil
BEN Staate. beMaafolseidmmtli@e 9tese
nit Sanuar 1898 9e9en cine ueretl.'
barte GblS!unesiumH,e pertaotl'@t
tuerben.
Wieu, 16. Ott.--leber ben Abb bes
Snseniears StraBberser, Der bon eiuer'
Grid aufseipiebt tpurDe, faseu mir,
mad Der .Rlasenf. 9ts.". nod foleenoe
Giuaelbeiten binau: Der @tneraltetre'
t6r Der 6. 8. Yonopirtbi4afts'@ eieQ'
ihoit in Bieu, ST. 6o&esser, uno Der
Mebatteur bes Oct. ling. Gentrolblatt
fir Malo'r5eusni0e, 81. Strabbereer,
,uaren Jreitas a(S Gdlte aut oen Be'
iibtbuul bes 0ru. Yt:i4insnis auf benz
l~rlulaber9e ein9etrofen. Sonnabeno
lpluiaten bic 9erren, pie 9iride TN
9~bieraarten, Der in Der 3dbe oes Bobnz
bauies tiest, 5u iehen. Sn 8esleituu9
bes Deiisers. befeu 5Stiters uuo e,nes
6or itlpartes bssaben fi@ bic @aite nad
9 ubr 8urmittd9s in ben 9%biersorten.
100 benn aud balb ber Grid ~9ansl",
Elm 4idbriges, itartes 3bier, ii9tbar
,uuroe unb auf ben Mnruf 5utraulib
berautan,. Wdbreno bann bic @eieQz
i4aft peitersius, fiel Der 9irih - ST.
6ohegser bate. balb iter5,ueife, 9rn.
S~tra6oerser uorler ~5userufen, er mose
li4 in Mdt nebmen, Der Grid ideine
uufreunoli6 sesea i'm 3u iein-plOBlid
6ru. 5traBberser an uno files ihn 5u
8obeu. Iuf beien 9ilferuie ei1teu
mebreee BET anoern 9erren berbei uno
bemlbten lid, ieDod oersebli@, bas
Ib,er no,t {einem Opfer lDesaubringen.
Der 6irld idlttelte bic 6elfer einfad
alb uno itieB thinner Don Meuenr a1f fetu
Dpfer los, bas Ct cine 3iemli@e Strede
bis an ben Baun bes 99ier8artens Dor
lib beritieb. Grit ala 3irten, bic III
Der Ndbe tuareu, berbeitamen, lselans
es, ben 6irl4 III ueri4euden. 81.
@traBberaer mar bereits toot. Sab
reuo oer eriten Beriu9e, ben 9iri@ uou
,bm tpes5ubrinseu, battle ct nod ft1b'
ueno qeruien: man m6ge auf oas 9aier
uiht loslhlaseu. 81. StraBber9er bate
u'ele Yerlegunsen au san5eu Aeib, AUDI
elm Nein tpar i1tn sebro&eu. 96otlid
,pa, pabrideinll9 Gin @epeibitoB IN be
2eber. 2. @"..
5bme1t.
Bern, Is. Dft. - Die in Menoriiio
on Dem Npotbefer Bu5ji bon ben &C.
brloern Carlo uno Bietri OrteIi uor'
qetern gea9t peribte Blutt9at bat ben
9ansen Canton 9eifin neuerornss in
0robe Nufresuus oeriest. Die Orteli
ioGen ianatii9e Glerielle ietn uuo it
na4 @enua senli9tet baben. Gin brit
ter, Mamens @reci. lei uerbaftet. 8uj5i,
10 ersablt man, tuurbe nit adt 9ol4.
iti@en 1T benz GAZE @atti' in @esen.
mart bes @irtbes, ieiuer Ganailie. nod
eiuiaer anoerer @dite uno 8oli5eiiols
baten erltoden. s. ioI oies nidt oaa
erite 8erbre@en iein, beiien fih be Dr.
tell }duloi9 9ema&t haben.
Bern, Is. Dtt.-Beib benz 8e9rabnie
Bu33is in Menorilio iOr9te elm aus bet
ben @arteien sebiloeten 6rettpilisen'
corps .eeu1eini@aftii@ nit Der @enoar'
merle fir bic Mufre@terbaltuns ben
@ube ,lno nabm ou@ bic G%ntmontane'
e,nel S@aar bepaifaeter llralt,pafnun9
boz, ,r
Der fortschritt. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1891-1915, 1891-11-12
3M i@lau.

9austpirtb: .Barum baben sic in
Der 0auslilte bel Sbrem Nanen beige
idrieben: "Bitte meine1 Name1 gang
flein gu oruden ?"
@%inmubner: rDamtt meine @laabi'
ger mid ni9t ip leibt ftnoeu."
Der fortschritt. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1891-1915, 1891-11-12
0eferre.ia. unaarn

Bteu, Is. Dct.-9ie enslil9e Teles
pbonseleaidaft, we(9e in 5iterrei6i6en
8rppm5baupt1tdbteu, oarunter Hrag,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
The Negro a. . Worker.
Erom the st. LouiS Repttslle


The efficiency Of tho negro 40 Q skilled
i.borer generally. iss QUESTION q general q:
ssass Fhs eeen ~ ~ s.ns out 70
extensive employers In the South . circular
asking the following questions. among others:
=: What degree OF snicisncy do you md in common
and skilled negro labor ~ compared 10 white labor
s % yon intend to continue the employment: OF No.
III ~ r..
q in: asS'.s .sio .e.ne,
As iaborer. III your opinion to educate himi
Tho replies received indicate that the wages
they do not excssd tie average Wages s 81 Wite
iac DRY operatives as shown By tho census Of
sss ex.m" ssf rs II. eSr.s
mines or factories The summary OF answers
lysseeiyed to its questions is thus given By the
az e: s o. sJ s5s: r .ns
A "a. .s
wage. rsc.,ys " nnsksd aposra AZ shewn by shs ss
~: =: Lowest s' cents per day.
spa TX 's wo.s T.:
=. :oss 3: s s;s:di
Win w. e IS ss
Ss and me-. N N ,:n. q
sn"rsr. a. ": Sfst.s y
question:? aud g. concerning tins topic there were re-
seivrd lat nnswors, most Of which were quSo brist
ISyrs. say .ha' ,h. am"un. OF education which the
them and taat y ads 20 The efficiency Of negro IN
| sdneats him Tho donhsers and those whose replies
shaved that they hal no definite oplDo n mum ~
thirteen and give WORK ~ Cd M on, ana ninety
six empoyers having $500 employ sss OF the ne rIo
race are % the opn'on that such sduestion a. the
younger OF the olored have hnu not
Of benefit TO them and that srsaIine n.
tracts from nearo's eficisncy to educate him"
This leaves no doubt that. the negro IA bs.
| whsro the orportuniry, is given him to dc
tkillcd labor rs 1t is in the South he is CAPABLE
OF developing So as o improve H.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
AN UPHEAYAL IN C.lN.1Di.
A General Election Likely TO Occur at On
Early Day.

A Genera, Election Likely TO Occur at an
Early Day.
ToNoNro. Aug. 29.--Thero have been rumors
during the past few days Of q genera! Dominion
election at an early date. and this morning the
Globe says:
Tho agents OF the Conservative party are
flockinR to Ottawa to plan for redistribution
OF the Constituencies and to perfect prepsra-
lions for an early appeal to tho people. This
IL no false alarm. We speak with knowledge
OF the plans and movements OF the Conserva-
tive forces. A redistribution measure will be
introduced during tho present Parli mentary
session. and the Abbott Government will go to
the country just as soon rs the voters lists are
completed and their plans are ripe for the ap-
peal. j, is probable that tho election will come
on during the latter part Of December or early
IN January.
cision that has been reached. One Is that
many followers OF the Govsrnmeht fear very
ecandalous revelations. The other 10 that
Governor General Stanley has made strens
remons RANGES against the retention tq o1ice
Of 9 government which. Il is proved: was
which has tolerated wholesale thisvinR In the
public departments and made the name OF
Canada scandal aud byword."
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30

were shot at Creedmoor and Dollymount'
and when, as In 1875. America, ireland, scot-
land. Canadn, md even Australia shot IN
teams OF eight each at Crecdmoor Tor the
centennial emblem known ns the Palma.
But In ono scnse It was the very success
Of the famous Long Island range that
tended TO limit and localize 1t. The
regular army, learning there by expe-
RANCE the enormous value Of competitive
rife shooting, both in the jealous ana per
sistent practice which It inspired, and the
new devices for accuracy which 1t sug-
gested, established complete system OF
riffs ranges and rifle competitions OF its
own. Tho various States also founded their
respective ranges for their militia. Thus IN
,nstructing the rest OF tho country how
craftsmanship should DO taught and kept
up, Crccdmoor really made its distant pupils
independent OF II.
Still, Creedmoor to-day. although owned
by the State OF New York. remains. "a the
seat OF the annual contests OF tho National
Rifle Association, tho only range In the
country that can be called national. 1t
would certainly be q gain for the interests
OF rlilo shooting everywhere II 1t should
become the resort not only Of individual
crack shots from many parts Of the country,
as II still is, but OF many state military
teams. The Canadians. also. who every
year send thei: best marksmen to England
for tho July meeting, ought not to overlook
the honors and prizes that await them Mt
Crecdmour. AZ for Crecdmoor's claims to
the support OF the American people. In
view Of wha. 1t has added to the efficiency
Of the National Guard, and hence to the i'm
mctliatcly available resources OF national
defence, they could hardly be exaggerated
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
FOR THE WORLDS EAR.
Search TO be Made for Historical Record
n the Archives OF the Catholic Church.

Search 20 be Made for Historical Records
n the Archives OF the Catholic Church.
WASHINGTON. Aug. 2o.-At the request OF tho
Latin American Bureau Of the Worlds Column
ban Exposition. Cardinal Gibbons has re-
quested the proper officers OF the several re-
lieious orders OF the Roman Catholic Church,
both In Europe and America. to cause their
archives to be searched for historical records
bearing upon the discovery and settlement OF
the New World. It Is known that every ship
that left Spain. beginning with the FIRST
voyage OF Columbus. carried among It's
crew q priest or friAr. and that these
missionaries made voluminous reports to
the heads OF their different orders. very few
OF which were ever published. 1t is believed
that tho archives OF the Church are filled with
valuable historical material. The qundrl-
centennial OF Columbus revivos interest In the
early history OF the continent and Cardinal
Gibbons ha. undertaken the work with great
zeal. The Very Rev. +. V. Boursaud Of the
Society OF Jesuits. the President of Woodstock
College. Mary and. has also entered into the
with the heads Of the orders III Roine and else.
M; Juan Bautls,a rem6o Of ColombIs Is
trees for tho Worlds Fair. and will put un ma
chinery on tho grounds TO show how ouinins
The Academy OF Medicine, at Boeota, Colon;
bia. has addressed n circular to the medical
profession and TO all chemists throughout
Colombia. asking thom to collect ant, Grer9re
exhibtts q all the medteine plants In Colombia
for exhibition attic Worlds fnir;
ports that the Papal Nnncin at. Bogcta IL TAX
ing great interest III the Worli's Fair at
sent to this Catholic colleges throughout Co.
ombi soliciting their co5reratIon 10 collect: I:
the country to b exhibited at Chicago Thi.
movement will enlis. all the parish priests In
the work Of making the collections.
Mr.. julio HRcines, . photographer OF BogotA
has been employed BY the Govern nent OF that
republic to take 1000 Photographic views
throughout the country for exhibition at the
Worlds Fair,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
MONUMENTS IN PUBLIC rLACsa
The Need OF Careful surerv,slon 70 Avo'"
lmpositions Upon tho Fable.

dispositions Upon tho fupue.
Prom Garden ana Forest
More and more. az the years 70 By. the nn nni
other monuments ia our parks. streets. aud
city squares must attract serious G, n.p. lon
i50T sho al eo sh1 at 'f heart
ton. are three IN hnumssr; ls .ts eS
4 4ssGVi o, such couspicuoss and lasting
honorp Is the monument suhiclen,ly eace..
ses :sy q sbs sF eyes o TSss, 81
Judge In such matter aud TO a'd In iorm,n aS.e
correct public Ito AVA and IL
cfs asst he general attractivsncss Of the spot
"f Had Monuments iniure both those who look
at them and those whom they protest ho 'i;o
Who for example. can be won 70 admisa.ion
the poet BY the comforts ,iniSuiou IL hGn nr
Psrs sssss Il. 1 Who
sp ,ss % 81 ~
i, asat i. rsaiy comm emo grated. really 6ono,sd
" tho figure which sta I mo, not far a n.ss
i it'W We think Win gratitude and admire:
ton Of him. while We receive a neyer.tailinng
WopE 81 az. S .us Nor nss
thai the humblest amS1ng the p9ppIass t are
two. 'i Handreis Of Persons Of ~ classes dsily,
sS s1 v & sss ,S Ss d,Ssr snd s ~ sS s
VII na scsTsely esnS: s s sy. r. d Esas
ts,an mere IT, I:sins %
nno works. they would be reeoentz;sSd e!
sasr ss syus s'Gr . ss Nss e. 1GTn tn0n!a
only The s 81 easssS ana
to the Using generation. But What lessons
form himself about Bolivar after seeing his
equestrian figure in the Central psrk - eood
a t.. any 70 on. Fhs so
* IN aos s
:i@stsd. ana surely ths time has eams, S S;b:n
sS matters andsr ihsir control. Whatever
sm no s certsa 10 stand thsre Tor
W. e.nnot bore for many sIeSsssfSl sn9 re
years ago: secured the removal Of 2 rIdIculons
statue Of her hu.bSnd from the dovsr rn .IG
o;sSS:S !: %:ssss. 4: :s n: rs
1eE SH tho n.s%ts sS
s al saE's soD DasFf s1d bS s
lately. It must DO said. this committee has
consistently erred Oh the side OF leniency. All
lovers OF art. therefore. were gratthed to learn
last spring that 1t had refused permission ,for
| tho erection OF a statue already completed. but
judged OF insufficient merit. They may. regret
that this same statue has since been aet up IN
ono Of our small city snuares: but It had better
b there than In the Park. and the precedent
stabllshed ny its REJECTION will surely
| work for future good. There is no danger.
we believe, Of over.ssverity in the matter; #
10 . painful task to refuse work WHOM 10
| offered by generous. well.meaning citizens.
| and q task certain to bring measure Of un.
reasoning public condemnation noon those
not likely that our Park will ever be deprived
| OF q work Of even q. reasonable degree OF OK.
to- come foolish and erotssauo monuments
| will DO offered to It IN ever.increasing NUM-
ought 10 be guarded aRainst the. intrusion of
bad WORKS OF art even more carefully than the
hundrsds or even thousands OF persons may
daily visit the museum. tens Of Thousands
| must, whether they viii or not daily look on
| objects set under tho open sky.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
Tho Two Sets OF Delegates.

Primary elections at various points. and
In response to the coll OF the two parties. are
being held throughout tho State for the
choice OF delegates TO tho Republican Con-
vsntion which will meet in Rochester on
Sept. Q. and to that OF the Democrats,
to be held In Saratoga eight days later. It
does not require u very experienced eye
to note that while. on the one hand,
the elections for delegates to tho Demo-
cratic Convention ore characterized by Wig.
orous. animated. and sometimes turbulent
contests for mastery. wherein tho members
OF sundry factions are brought into emu
lous rivalry, the proceedings of the Republt-
cans arc marked BY q mechanical sort OF
dulnees which seems. except Ina few iso-
latod cases, to overspread the entire State
A number OF tiElidly self-encouraging Re.
pubicans Imagine that they discern in this
progress Of affairs some proof OF d!scovd in
Democratic ranks and grea. evidences Of
harmony among tho Republicans. They
mako fundamental error. Tho rivalry
among tho Democratic tho ca1erness OF u.s.
pirants to bc clrctsh delegates. and their
Willingness to combat for this distinction
are OF themselves the best proof and pledge
VI tho bright and cheering prospects
OF the Empire State Democracy this
year. A position which is worth winning Is
always worth battling for. and tho convlc.
ton. now general, that q sweeping victory
awaits tho candidates whom the Democracy
will nominate ut Saratoga in September, is
tho great reason OF the HE that auimates
tho fractional rivalrlcs among the Democrats
In many counties.
There Is never much OF a struggle for
empty and Elusive konors. or for unsub-
etantlal rewards In the field OF politics. That
harmony should prevail and predominant
among the ReDnb!icans who are still In
quest OF n candidate for the head Of their
ticket, is therefore in nowise strange. Such
state Of things is always to DC seen when
candidates are about to be put up to be de-
feated. Accordingly. the nnte-convention
strife noticeable on the Democratic side
In the contests already wagcd in several
districts is On evidence OF the vitality OF the
party organization and Of the alluring pros.
poets OF the election. There is nothing In it
but suggests to the Democracy encourage
mcnt, hope, and confidence.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
A. Appea, Against tho s.lvat,o. Army

An Appeal Aea1n0t the Salvation Army
To rHs EDIroR OF srS-Sir: As . constant reader
Of THr scS for fifteen past venture 70 ask
for little sunlight In the interest OF suffering human
ity that portion Of resident in West Forty.nfth
street near the old Armory building which 10 now, aud
has bsen since last winter. barracks" or meeting
rooms Of the Salvation Army. 80 called.
DOES not the Profession Of the city authorities extend
to such OF citizens may now after six eight
months Of tolerance Of 4 public nuisance IN the
shape OF this Salvation Army. desire . little rest
from the constant DINING OF hAleluiah aougs into
their ears: In other words. when matter becomes .
otherwise 10 there redress sbaisment Will
yom kindly give the modu. operandi e obtain II
H%y aeoa a. % ~ %
operations nightly about ocloek and from than until
s g.: ed. % ' 81 .s
sswn 70 posts,ty sny Of wh,sh hays grown ~h.
midnight and until this eot.rs q strong Voiced sing.
err ~ see ut to give tile nsshberhood respite for an.
Or sunday mornine, whom ons get. settled in Joyful
begins aud early and 10 kept up
aud with too short intermisson all after
noon And until nearly time for thu evening "show" to
Xnohe. fsa,urs. and tbs less unpsasaat 10 tin
sS,sd 90 re- tE S ard
even the biz buscoated guardian Of the poAnc upon
Forty Mn .trs:, from being pleasant nbanxp psea
once ano.t rura! ~ It's evening quis,uts has
orderly This 10 the eiec. The savatian Army 10 the
"nid Hundred" and coronation" however bssu,,.
very much OF tho chcstnut' order when given every
a.t.n. soes tho ODiuion q a. G Or nearly al Is.
residents IN our block. CHE or TuE SuTftRuas.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
SALTON SEA.
TIE Probabliities Coaeeraiag It--Its 1Asss
ON the Climate,

The Probabilities Coaeeraiag It--Its 33s0t
on the Climate.
PROM ne Banning Herald Aua is
status % sstoa LAKE as so1 ressvsd 81 Us last
For the past two weeks tho water has been
gradually subsidinx at an average OF about
q liz d1
which forced tho water up several hundred
the water receded. AT o'clock this evening
the wster is Lower than ever before.
the riVsr has rIsen little in tho past low days.
and some water. but not much. 10 flowing out
toward the desert. He Is certain there will be
no more rise 10 the Sslton lake ,pntil the Gils
IONA and tho mountains around the desert
may elevate the lake Temporarily, but tho big
rise will come in the winter.
grom the Los Angeles Herald.
A despatch from San Bsrnardino announces
repetition OF cloudbursts and freshets in the
vicnt y OF Redl8nds: also a considerable fall
OF rain at Cucsmonga. The opinion is gaining
result of the now lake in the desert. No such
phe nomenal fails OF rain In the valleys and
coudbprsts In the curtains have been known
before in the history Of the section. Clouds are
aSoSs the nswy
cd against the monntains or collapsed BIZ cur
repts Of fresh air.
- 4 this new climatic development is to oon-
i1u9 ana n The yoiu%s Of its "a!
Territory may solve itself without help from
become o relic Of the past and . regularly re-
curing rainfall In midsummer may present
fected.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-08-30
Tho Peruniary Punishment Of Crime.


An International Congress or conference
Of rersons Interested in tho repression OF
crime end methods OF Furnishing criminals
Is in session a. Christinnla, In Norway. This
body hns lust passed resolution recon.
mending tho imposition OF tinos In many
cases In which offenders are now sentenced
simply to Imprisonment. The fine. according
to the resolution. should be proportioned to
the position. which we suppose also includes
the wealth, OF tho criminal. Furthermore,
the Congress recommends that when IN
offender i, sentenced to Imprisonment. he
be allowed TO reduce his term OF lmprison-
incnt by tho payment Of q fine. which
might be made payable in installments.
This idea OF tho superior utility OF fines
in tho punishment OF crime is on old one.
BEccAnIA, In his celebrated treatise on
Crimes and Puuish,rents. said: "Thefts
without violence should be punished by fine.
He who enrlches himself at anothers eS-
pense ought to suffer at his own" But the
distinguished Italian writer added that in
asmucE as theft Is generally the crime OF
those who have only bare subsistence, the
iittest punishment is ordinarily term OF
servitude on the part OF the thief. In cases OF
theft. the exaction OF q fine Is In the nature
OF enforced restitution, and this usually
constitutes an effective punishment OF itself.
Such was the opinion OF Sir SAMUEL ROM
LILY. the great English lawyer, who in the
early part OF this century wrote: II the
restitution Of the property stolen, and only
few weeks or even but q few days imprls-
onment were the unavoidable consequence
OF theft, no theft would ever be committed"
When, however. the system Of fines is ex-
tended to crimes involving violence Of any
kind, the case in favor OF the view Of the
Christlanis conference Is by no means SO
clear. Many man who would not
unwillingly pay considerable fine for
the satisfaction OF pulling his neigh.
boris nose or whipping some personal
enemy. would hesitate long time before
thus indulging himself at the expense Of
even few days only in prison. The sug-
gestion by the conference that fines should
be apporttoned to the status OF the Of
fender is also one that would involve great
difficulties In its practical application.