The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1891-03-07
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

The total production Of anthracite
coal in 1889 was 4O,G65, ,152 tons of 2,240
pounds, valued at S6j, ,7fs, 1866.
The State of Washington, IL Is
| claimed, has more coal than Pennsyl-
vania, more pine than Maine, and more
fish than Massachusetts.
According TO the assertion Of the
eminent Psychologist, Sappy, the stom-
ach contains 5,OOO,O 900 glands by which
gastric Juice is secreted
-Atea-planter of Darjeeling says that
fully one hundred million pounds Of
tea are now yearly exported from India,
against thirty million pounds five
years ago.
Cotton spinning in Japan is very
depressed at the present time, and the
spinning companies are curtailing pro-
duction. Many machines which had
been ordered from foreign firms in
Yokohama are still awaiting delivery,
the Japanese refusing to take them.
Beneath the finger nails is handy
place where great variety of micro
scopic forms of life are won't to gather.
Microscopists have found in the CLEAN
ings from finger nails, thirty-six kinds
of micrococci, eighteen bacilli, three
sarcin@ and the spores of common
mould. No wonder the scratch of a
nail is often poisonous. The fault is not
in the nail scratch but in the seeds that
it implants in the plowed skin
"A French chemist, NJ Aime Girard,
has shown that the potato called erich
ter Imperator" is well fitted for the pro-
nf oil Il.
commercial scale. At one operation
$4,000 kilogrammes of potatoes were
treated, and ten liters of alcohol, abso-
lutely pure, were obtained from every
one hundred llilogrammes of the tuber.
Another distillation gave fourteen liters
for the same quantity of roots. The
''draff' which resulted was readily
eaten by cattle.
In the building trades the six cities
in which the highest wages are paid are
New York Brooklyn, Chicago, st. Louis
Galveston and San Francisco. st. Louis
pays the highest wages for masonry,
New York for carpentry, San Francisco
for painting, Chicago for plumbing
Santa Fe for roofing and Galveston for
common labor. The lowest wages are
paid in the Southern cities. Two adjoin-
ing cities seldom pay exactly the same
wages. Philadelphia and Boston rank
below the five leading cities, and many
smaller Western cities pay higher wages.
The products of the mines of the
world were, in 1888, in tons: Iron, 49,
$4,000; copper, 341, 900; lead, 517,-
600; zinc, 344, 900 ; tin, $1,000 The
production of gold was 166,225 kill
egrammes; of silver, 3,72O,351 There
were, moreover, 466, 4O6, 900 tons of coal
brought to light, 5,712, 900 tons of petro-
leum, 7,347, 900 of salt and about 3, 7OO.-
600 of other similar products. The grand
total in tons was sos, $50, 900, with a
value of 81, 776 OO3, OOO To this vast sum
Goals alone contribute almost $780, OOO-
600, or about 40 per cent while the
| precious metals. gold and silver, con-
tribute but 100000, 600.
bradford McGregor the mechanical
expert of Cincinnati, has succeeded after
numerous experiments in uniting alumi-
mum with glass, and he claims to be the
first who has done so. A large piece of
aluminium, with glass tube in the CEN
| ter, was turned in his lathe, and it was
| impossible to detect the slight flaw or
joint where they came together. In
fact, it appears as one solid mass. Here
tofore no metal could be made to unite
with glass in which the contraction and
expansion were the same; and it is
claimed that this discovery will create a
revolution in the way of reducing the
cost of incandescent lights, as it will talSe
the place of platinum, which costs $500
q pound while the new compound will
not cost ten dollars.
Add carbon to pure iron and it be-
comes steel. Add hydro-carbon tc
iron, and steel itself becomes so ex,
tensively modified that its properties
are not recognizable. Thus steel may
be as soft as pure iron. Add hydogen
in varying quantity, and it has the
quality of residence, as in the watcl
spring, or the quality of tenacity as il
the knife or razor, or may be giver
nearly the hardness of diamond. as il
q file, With steel at a low temperature
from 400 degrees to 45O degrees Fahren
heit edge-tools are produced, the color
in the yellow shades; from 800 degrees
to 525 degrees various sorts of spring,
are produced, color blue; while by heat
ing iron to whiteness and plunging il
into water, which is mainly composed
of hydrogen, files are produced, OF
forms even harder. r.-IndianapolisN News