News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1891-01-15
The Agricultural Meeting.
TUESDAY MORNING.

| DdFOu, WHO WelcOllleu the BOARD. lie
said the great obstacle in the way ot
the average farmer is debt. 1t is es.
timated that % per cent of our farm
ers are so badly in debt they will
have to leave the farm to the person
who holds the mortgage instead OF
their heirs. The interest on a certain
mOrtgaSed farm has been enough in
the last 30 years to buy three such
farms to-day and this is no isolated
case. Many years ago the British
government loaned money to the
rural land owners at a very low rate
OF interest and the keen Scotch farm
ers were shrewd enough to take adj
vantage of it, and that is one reason
why Scotland tO-dayis in so flourish
ing a condition. There has been a
bill introduced in our own Congress
to loan money to the land owners at
two per cent. If this could be carried
out and not run through too many
lawyers hand through Wall street it
would be a blessing to the agricul-
| tural community.
j. .. Sanford of the Board spoke at
some length on the value of fertiliz-
ers. He said it was a question
whether a farmer can produce all the
fertilizers on his farm until the land
is wrought up to a very high state of
cultivation. Dairymen are feeding
so as toproduce a very highly nitrog-
! enOus manure, and it is very likely
we have enough of that element in
our barn cellars. What we need to
buy, then, is potash and phosphoric
acid, and not the complete brands of
fertilizer, and we should all learn
what Ingredients our soil needs and
purchase them, and not buy what al
ready exists in our lands. Have
found it an advantage to let poor
pasture grow up to brush rather
than try and fertilize it. Our State
ought to keep COW to every acre of
cultivated land. The droppingS from
30 COWS the past summer sufficiently
covered SIX acres of land so | expect
at least ID tons of ensilage corn per
acre next season.
f. n. Harris of Elmore asked if the
liquid manure from a steer varied in
value with the feed, and Prof. Cook
answered: With steer poorly kept, |
for example on straw, there will be
very little difference in the value of |
the liquid and the solid droppings. |
If fed for fattening the liquid will |
greatly increase in value. LIQUID |
manure from COWS dry is not as val
liable as that from cows being fed for
milk. With very rich feed the LIQUID
manure is twice as valuable as the
solids.
Horse manure is the best absorb
ant on the farm. If the trench is
water tight and filled two inches
deep with horse manure it will absorb
all the liquid.
Mr., Campbell said in churning
thick cream in Sanborn churn, one
end OF the churn makes butter quicker
than the other. Is there any loss
Prof. Cooke-It is a sure sign You
have done good Job in churning
when your buttermilk is too poor for
the women to use for cooking. dis
card all churns that have any inside
ioats or paddles. | want either a
box or barrel churn. Cream that
sticks to the churn when the butter
begins to gather will be drawn off in
1he buttermilk. Dilute the cream
and it will remedy the trouble, or
What is better still, dilute the milk at
this season of the year with water at
1902. Adding about 20 per cent of
water to the milk will raise it's tenn :
oerature to it's normal heat or as it
comes from the cow Stir the milk !
when adding the water.
Mr.. Campbell-Will the water thus I
ldded take bad odors from the milk?
ROT Cooke-Never heard it would. t
'urnips can be fed in small quantities L
0 cows and not iniure the milk. Mr.. I
ampbell-I am feeding a bushel of \
urnlps to a COW every day, one-half il
t night just after milking, the other II
alt IN the morning just after milking t
18th no Ill effects. Think when fed t
fter milking there is no danger of C
linting the milk. n
In answer to the question "What
the average product in this vicin- b
W" Mr.. Palmer said, nay dairy the g
asst year would be what might be il
llled seven and half COWS. They G.
ade 400 pounds of butter and 80 a
0unds of cheese. Mr.. Small-Cows p
ont average more than 125 pounds e.
butter per COW. Mr. CAMPBELL b
low of farmer who had Is COWS. p
e reduced them to eight and made
ore butter from the eight than from t.
Ie Is. g
Prof CoOke-Summer dairy should 81
me in, in the month of February
a
re, produce about as much milk el
rough the grass season as an April @
w. Dry COWS can be wintered on II
~ alone and come out in good con y
ton with good care. Mr.. Beecher W
johnson thinks cows should be fed W
ain just before they come in. Mr.. ~
looks thinks farmers should feed re
IS corn and more cotton seed. In p;
lsWeP to the question will not but p
+ made from separator cream be lls
ore apt to be salyey than that lie
lsed in open pans? Prof Cooke al
i'd: The method of raising the er
cam has nothing to do with the WI
lveyness OF the butter any pecul- OF
rity of it in any way. More de- al
nds upon the churning than the ca
lslng OF the cream, provided the Ga
cam was raised right or the milk pa
ID proper attention whilecpeaminr. Tee
Mr.. Sanford should advise all farm on
) to consider the subject of winter X
Trying. Butter always commands til
good price at this season. In an
er to the question "what do YOU an
ID your cows" Mr.. Sanford said. fal
orning feed "a light foddering of fan
y, then water, then half bushel cut NJ,
Silage With two quarts of bran. one dli
art cotton seed meal poured on en- SIP
age; repeat same at night. tn
EVENING SESSION. 10
BY request the chairman read a W.
per on Live brush extermina- be
m Clear your pastures of brush an
d weeds by keeping Angora goats. I'M
eep are kept now in very small tn
mbers on account of dogs. The ac
Igora goat will mate with sheep m,
d protect them from dogs or other bu
imals. They are valuable both for sol
'nl and their skins. Wool sells at co,
I'M 40 to 20 cents per pound and tw
en- $l has been paid. New England we
eds them to clean the pastures; the
~ feed on brush in preference to Ev
ass. Their milking capacity is to
cd, giving six to eight quarts per D
y in the best season. for
During Mr.. Spears address on pas 40,
,es, he said many pastures which 20
| not keep cows to advantage tbo
uld prove profitable for sheep and sol
pasture improve. Think the but
bling of COWS through the summer fan