New-York tribune., 1891-05-23
THE POPES ENCYCLICAL.
DEFINING THE CATHOLIC CHURCH'S POSI-
TION ON SOCIAL QUESTIONS.
SOCIALISM REJECTED-THE MUTUAL oBMGA-
TIoNs OF EMPLOYER AND EMPLoYED-THE
STATE AND THE WORKINGMAN.


TIoNs OF EMPLOYER AND EMPLoYED-THE
STATE AND THE woRKINGMAN.
Rome, May 22-The full text of the Popes en-
cycllcal has appeared In his exordium the Pope re
fers to tie task which he has set himself In defining
for the Guidance Of the Chnrch its position toward the
existing social questions. Now, he saws, mems
relations toward one another individuals or paris of
society must have The sanction Of the old authority
The law is stated in Deuteronomy vi, 21. The DIVINE
law therefore rejects the Socialist soutonp the soca
problem, which woud abolish private property sub
sttutlng collective and common ownership
Proceeding 10 consider the relations OF the state
to the individual, the Pope says: "To think that tie
authority of the State ought arbitrarily to invade
family intimacy Is a great and perniclous error
long demonstration follows, recalling all that the
Church has done 10 improve the condition OF the
proletariat. The Pope saws in part
A capital error is to believe that the rich and the
proetarat are by nature TO battle and duel
withou: end Capital is powerless without work, and
workmen are poweress without capital The proetaas
cannot and ought not to njue either capital Or natr
But obtain respect for their rights tey must
abstain from violence They ought not to have recourse
tn sedton nor TO listen the chimerica promises Of
agators the other hand, masters ought 70 respect
the individuality and divinity Of the man and Chfstah
in workmen and abuse them nhumanly in their work.
nor exploit them beyond their forces Let masters re-
member that the Divine and human law foroid' theh 10
draw profits from the misery OF the poor
But besides the religious it is necessary that
there should be a cooperation Of human means Ihe
ought favor the prosperity Of society as mnch as
OF individuals watch the purity morals
and interior order of families safekecping OF religion
justice and moderation, and the equitable division oil the
public charges all OF which contribute largely TO inc
ameoraton OF the conditions Of the proetarlat Inc
larger this general prosperity the less Will workers seek
recourse to exceptional means amelioate their cond
lions Prolearlas have the right, as citizens as
the rich consequently, they have right TO the same In
terest the part Of the State Absolute equaIT now
ever, is a chimera
Tho sate ought to see that all covenants relating to work
s, observed and should oppose anything
that might cause popular passions. The state ought W
care for the worHmen, and not let them oc'
come the prey Of specuators and usufers' Ek'
pcdiency IS shown in certain limitation OF WORKING
hours should be interrupted by period OF repoe
varying according to conditions OF time. place, public
health and the nature Of the work
The question OF wages particularly delicate JuSoice
exacts tat an agreed salary should be paid Az tho same
time agreements entered into by workmcn ought 10 DC
respected The State should that these reciprocal
obligations executed.
A great social advantage lies in laws which favor a
multiplicity OF properties. These arc the best means 70
prevent opposition between extreme riches and extreme
royery but II is also necessary that the properties shall
not be overtaxed institutions for aiding the poor ana
facilitating conciliation between the various social
classes are especially useful in obtaining desirable results
Following out this idea the Pope then particularly
mentions associations for mutual suocor and nstitu
tjons for insurance In cast Of accidents, illness and
death, and the protection Of children and girls The
Pope attaches particular Importance to working
peoples associations, and says that corporations so
useful In the past ought to be adapted to present needs
The Pope then eXpatIates on tle atvantogeS OF
liberty and the right OF combination, rs
.a0l1 laa6 ts.t1sSsa &H9y.idti0ss dI n.t pre-
sent any fnconveniences TO pn6Ec Interests ,
but In suppressng associations, he says, the state
ought rs take precautions not to violate the rights OF
irdIyidnals Ii often occurs that these associations
arc made the puppets Of wirepulcrs. exploiting thor
novertv It Is Important to create counter associa
ions 10 withdraw wprlImen from these unjust op
pressl0ns. CC---s>.no.,,u o. ,r,
prove the condition OF tho ~|r0rkingmcl, 10 establish
bonds of mutual equity between employees and en-
noyers To maintain the sentiment of reciprocal duties
and 10 combat intemperance among worknen. Inc
CONCLUSION from all these complex questions Is that
universal cooperation is necessary and that every
body ought to help willingly under the auspices OF
faith and Christian morality.