davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
Tobacco I'm History,

Prom the Globe Democrat.
At least once in history the "devirs weed, :
as James Of England called tobacco. PLAYED on
important part in political movement Whoa
the revolution of ls4s came on the Austrian
government enjoyed a monopoly of the mans
facture and sale Of tobacco in those parts II
Italy under its control The liberals. resent
ing the tyranny of the Austrians and dlslikiUg
to see SO large revenue pouring into the Aus-
TRAN treasury from the sale of cigars aud
smoking tobacco, left of smoking. pa5riotsc
method Of resenting the Austrian dominatioh
The Austrian government thereupon sup
Piled Its troops with cigars, and the men Of tie
garrisons went about the streets of Italian
towns pulling smoke into the faces OF the non
smoking Italians. The insult was warmly re-
scented. The Milanese in rebellion ard
expelled the Austrians Venice did the sane
and thus wac the revolution begun winch ended
in the loss to Austria Of all the Italian possess
sions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12

nave been known to rent their spouses to white
miners for season. Polygamy prevails to a
limited extent.
Both sexes among the Eskimo are tattooed
Labrets are favorite ornaments. In early
youth a cut is made in the lower lip and small
wooden plug introduced to keep it from closing
Gradually 1t is enlarged and the adult is decor
ated with labret of jade, ivory, bone or glass
shaped like silk hat in miniature. the rim
being inside the mouth to hold it. Girls have
their ears and sometimes their noses pierced
Tor chains or other such adornments. Along
the arctic coast men cut off the hair on top Of
their heads SO that they look like monks, the
object being to avoid soaring the caribou by
the fiutter of their locks.
INGENIOUS METHODS OF TRAPPING.
Some OF their traps for the beasts they CAP
ture are remarkably ingenious. They fold up
a strip of whalebone. doubling it half . dozen
times, and tie it in that shape with sinev. The n
they cover it with hunk Of fat. let it freeze
and leave it on the ice. BY and BY 70 bear comes
along and swallows 1t at a gulp. The fat and
the sinew bindings are digested, and the re-
leased whalebone springs out at length across
the stomach OF the animal, which soon dies of
lockjaw. When it is dead the trapper gets the
skin. An even more effective lure Is employed
to secure the pelts of wolves A blade OF
keen-edged flint is fastened securely to a
wooden stake, and the latter is driven into
the ice, so that only the flint blade pro-
I
with a chunk of fat which freezes After a
while a wolf comes and sees the tempting NOR
ell. He is hungry and begins to lick it. Pres
emily the sharp edge cuts his tongue. He
tastes the blood, and not knowing that it IL his
own is made wild by the flavor. More wolves
como to share the feast. They also cut their
tongues, tasts blood and are maddened. Before
long they leap at each others throats and tear
one another to pieces, SO that next morning the
hunter finds the whole flock doad. It 10 q CHEAP
way of obtaining the pelts. and that il the res
son why wolf skin rugs cost only 50 apiece.
Although northern Alaska is so cold the
whole southern coast. which extends for
thousands of miles. has temperate climate.
owing to the proximity Of the Japan curren,
OF the Pacific. Along this shore are immense
tracts which afford great agricultural and
horticultural possibilities. The Department OF
Agriculture will probably before long establish
an experiment station at Sitka for the purpose
Of finding out what grains, grasses and fruits
are best adapted to the. region, as well as to
learn how successfully the raising Of cattle,
hogs and poultry might be prosecuted there.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
Couldn't Scare the Old squire.

from the Lewiston lMe. Journal
There comes from the town Of Baldwin
story of gruff, square-edged old Squire Thomp-
son, one of the first settlers of the neighborise
town of Cornish, and father Of the late I5r.
Thompson. for many years prominent physi-
clan in that part OF the state. II was a local
saying about Cornish that Squire Thompson
had never been scared. Many plots had been
laid by practical iokers, but all had come 20
naught. Finally some Cornish ways made a
last effort One night Squire Thompson At
tended a husking at which the festivities were
somewhat prolonged. Ii was midnight before
the Squire started for home, his way being by
by a path through the cemetery. The wnes
had been busylng themselves IN digging q Zig
hole across this path. and the Squire pro-
ceeded home he suddenly tumbled an. At the
same instant n sheeted figure appeared on the
edge of the hole and exclaimed in measured
sepulchral tomas: what are you IN my grave
forY' "NhAt you out Of IL for at this time
Of nightr' retorted the doughty old Squire &c
lie scrambled out and proceeded on his way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
wHAT TIE REINDEER IS COOP FOR.


The reindeer represents to the people Of the
arctic who domes;icate it the horse. the COW.
the sheep and the goat. all put together. To
them it is food. clothing. house. furniture.
tools and transportation. Its flesh is excellent
meat The blood mixed with the contents OF
the stomach makes favorite dish in Siberia.
called ''manyala-' The intestines cleaned and
filed with the taliow, are eaten IN the shape of
sausages The skin serves for clothes bedding
tent covers, harness. ropes and fishing lines.
The sinews are dried and pounded into thread
OF wonderful strength, which - woven into
hshing nets The bones are soaked in seal oil and
burned for fuel OF the horns various house
hold implements are made. well sleds and
weapons for war and the chase. A reindeer
wells only n cupful OF milk ut a milking. but
the nuid Is so thick and rich that the quantity
mentioned has to be diluted with a quart Of
water In order to render 1t palatabls. First
rate butter and cheese are made from the
milk. The animal will draw a sled swiftly $50
miles day over the Snow and ice.
THE SIBERIAN DEER MEN.
Just across Boring strait. which is only forty
miles vide. in region corresponding as to soil
end climate with the northwest coast of Alaska,
thousands OF Siberian natives are fed and
clothed by tens of thousands of reindeer. Fam
lilies commonly own herds Of from 900 to
10000. These chukchees are known as deer
men They are nomadic in their habits and
roam about IN search OF food for themselves
and their animals. accompanied by their herds
They subsist mainly upon the products OF this
live stock, bsrtering the skins with the coast
people for tobacco, seal oil, powder shot -four
and walrus hides for boot soles. During the
summer the beasts feed chiefly on the young
shoots Of willow and birch trees while in winter
they depend for sslstenance mostly on moss
and other iehens, which they often dig up
with their hoofs from beneath the snow. Owing
20 the fact that their domcstication tends TO
make the species smaller 1t is easy for the
owner TO detect the Wild reindeer which some
times get into his herd They are promptly
shoL lest they contsminate the breed
TIE ALASKA OF THE FUTURE
There is no doubt that il the tame reindeer
can Be successfully introduced to and distrib-
utsd in Alaska the Eskimo will become self
sustaining At the same time they viii be lifted
rom avagery int comparative civilization
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
zuLUs IN SHAM BATTLE.
A Realistic Spectacle Even Co the killing Of
tn. Wounded.

IN. Wounded
sham Eight among Tie ZuIas IL an impress
sive spectacle. SAYS the Detroit Pre- Pycss. The
dusky warriors are hne. muscular fellows, ath-
letic and highly trained. The rank and Gle,
untrammeled by ornaments and dress. move
about with grace and freedom The ohicers
chiefs and head men wear eoronets OF ostrich
feathers which rustic freely with every move
mont Of the body; circling their brows are
rolls Of tiger skin from which descend fringes Of
coarse hair, from the neck and shoulders 20 the
knees their bodies are covered with the tails %
monkeys and tigers and strips Of various hides
strung together in girdles; their waists are girl
about with tufts OF lions name and COW hair
Forming into line. their Nariogated shields are
80 close and regular that they appear inter
locked, while above them brisife rows Of
cleaning assegai hoads The foe is imaginary
as even among their own tribes they are reused
10 such pitch OF excitement that had they
any opponents, though only in mimic warfare.
they would be 80 far carried away by their
feelings that az close quarters blood
OF command they advance in precise
vtuer' hrst slowly, then at q quick march,
.nen double, and with shout OF
thiela. Imaginary enemies) the hattie be-
comes last and furious Brandishing their
assegais, stabbing and lunging with strength
and deNterity. each stroke accompanied by .
neree grunt of satisfactiOn. stamping. gestics
ulating and crashing their teeth, they work
themselves into mad frenzy. m which their
features arc distorted and their ewes glare With
fierce lust of blood
Suddenly the command Is given 10 retire
and, as Nietors shouting triumph. they march
from the field. Then appears upon tie seen.
a horde Of wild-looking creatures. running and
leaplng from place to place. screaming de
moniacally and franticaAy beating the earth
with thick. heavy clubs These are the womes
and they are engaged in the horrible atrocitF
OF kiIilng the wounded. After sham fight ths
night is spent in feasting and revelry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12

steamer Bear had not BY mere chance visited
Kings Island in the northern part of Boring
sea a few weeks ago leaving stores there would
The natives were even then reduced 70 boiling
sea weed for food. Disease attacks the half
famished Eskimo, wiping them out Wholesale.
fHE EsKrMos HoHH.
The Eskimo are Q docIle and bright people.
They are extremely dirty, simply because IL 10
SO cold in their country that washing h very
uncomfortable. Their winter dwellings are
under ground, for the sake Of warmth. The
entrance is q square hole, through which the
visitor descends about eight feet to an entry
way. This entryway Ia, perhaps, twenty feet
long and never more than four feet high.
Sometimes it 10 much lower. 20 that one has
literally TO crawl through IL In order TO reach
the two rooms at the end. These two rooms,
each from ten to twenty feet across, are the
homes of two families, which thus have COM
mon hall and front door. From six 10 ten per-
sons live In each room, around three sides OF
which il q raised platform. On the platform
are spread furs and skins for beds. The most
important article Of furniture 10 . stone two
feet in length, with shallow depression on top
of it. 1t is both lamp and stove. being filed
with whale or seal oil. Cooking, however, 10
merely for the purpose of taking the frost out
Of the meat, which Is eaten practically raw.
For lighting purposes wick Of moss il used.
THEIR CLOTHING.
The natives wear reindeer skins for clothing.
They buy them from Siberian Chukchees, who
come over to an international fair that 10 held
every summer on Fotzebue sound, Just above
Bering strait on the Alaskan side. For the
pelts seal oil and walrus oil is exchanged. There
is much dancing and feasting on these occa-
sions, as we'll as trading. All the trading Is
done by bartering, no sort Of mQeey being in cir
culation. Al this fair also Many wives are
bought. One can purchase very good article
Of wife for $40. Wives among the Eskimo people
are usually bought Sometimes the women
are consulted.
LOOSE MARRIAGE res.
There Is no special ceremony connected with
among the Eskimo. In some tribes
the husband joins the wife's relatives and il ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12

are likely to perish from that cause during
the present winter.
This Congress will, i. Is thought, make an
appropriation of money for the immediate aid
Of the people of Uncle Sans arctic province,
but action of another kind will be required to
save the population from absolute extermina-
ton within decade. A bill, introduced at the
last session. but not acted upon, will be urged
through. providing sum for the purchase and
importation into Alaska Of reindeer from Sibe-
ria. few weeks ago the first step was taken
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12

400. 900 domesticated reindeer sustain 81 900
people. According to the law in that country
each owner has his mark on the of all his
reindeer. and to this mark he has an exclusive
right, nobody else being allowed TO use it, If
such device were not employed the herds
mingling at pasture could not be separated.
No one can invent and assume a mark his own
and the only way TO get one is TO buy that of
an extinct herd II unused marks are scarce
the families owning them often ask high prices
for them
SCARCITY WHERE FORMERLY THERE WAS PLENTY
Hitherto the Eskimo have depended for
food upon the whale. walrus AMI seal of the
coast and the fish of the rivers. The first three
animals have also supplied them with clothing
boats and all other necessaries of life. Fifty
years ago the whalers. having exhausted other
waters. sought the North Pacific for whales,
pursuing them into Boring sea and carving
the war of extermipation into the Arctic ocean.
At length the few surviving whales have been
driven to the neishborhood OF the POLE and
their species has become well nigh extinct on
the Alaskan coast. Responding to a CONNER
cial demand for ivory the whalors turned their
attention TO the walrus and proceeded to
wipe them out Of existence likewise. Some
times as many as 1000 OF these valu-
able beasts would be slaughtered on a
single cake of ice, merely for their tusks.
Thus a walrus is hardly to be found today in
those waters where short time ago the
animals were so numerous that their below
ings were heard above the roar OF the waves
and the grinding Of the ice foes. Seals and
sea lions are now getting scarce that the
natives have difficulty in procuring enough OF
their skins 10 cover boats. They used to catch
and cure great quantities Of fish in the streams,
but their supply from this source has greatly
diminished, owing to the establishment OF
great canneries, which send millions Of cans of
salmon out OF the country annually and destroy
vastly more by wasteful methods. Improved
firearms have driven the wild caribou into the
inaccessible regions of the remote interior.
SLOW STARVATION.
Thus the process of slow starvation and de-
population has begun along the whole arctic
coast o: Alaska, and famine is progressing
southwark year by year on the shore Of Boring
sea- Where villages numbering Thousands were
few years ago the populations have been re-
dueed 10 hundreds. AT Point Barrow, the far
thest point OF Alaska to the north, the death
rate has been to the birth rate for some time
past in the ratio Of fifteen to one. town ON
Schisnareh inlet which contained 2 900 people
MY years ago now has only three houses. The
Island Of Attn, the most westerly of the Aleu-
tian chain, was formerly celebrated for its sea
otter skins For the last nine years II has pro-
duced only an average OF three Of these pelts
yearly. 1t Is probable that most OF the resi-
dents WIZ not survive the present winter. II the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12

pected to hunt and fish for them. If he is law
or refuses to give the furs he gets to his father
in-law he is likely to be bounced and some ono
more active and obedient is installed in his
place as husband. Sometimes it happens that
girl has ten or twelve husbands in succession
before she finally settles down to . permanent
conjugal state. Virtue is not remarkably de-
veloped among the women. nor lie sentiment in
regard to chastity peculiarly keen. Men some
times exchange wives for . time and they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
CRUSHING A MORMON MOVEMENT.
The Elder Went on His Way and Her Jep-
tina Marched Home.

The Elder Went on His Way and Her Jep-
tina Marched Home.
From the Detroit Free Press.
A Mormon elder had been up among the
North Carolina mountains spreading his doc
trines and among the poor and illiterate he
had made converts. A day was set when these
were to assemble at certain hamlet and start
on their westward journey. met them at q
bend in the road and drew aside to let them
pass. Half mile further down they stopped
to eat dinner from the baskets which had been
prepared. was watching the last one out Of
sight when tall, gaunt woman, who must have
been fully sixty years old, but was still rugged
and full of determination, came up from the
other way. Her dress was Of the plainest and
her head was covered with q sunbonnet while
she had on neither shoes nor stockings. She
had a rifle on her shoulder and she came up
SO quietly that was startled.
'.Mawin, stranger" she saluted she came
to halt
GOOD morning."
"Hev them dun passed this way?'
9Th. 9TH. people with the Mormon eldsr9"
=, Just passed out of sight Are you one of
the partly
God forbid!" she replied. as she grounded
her rifle. What do you think2''
about Mormonism?"
'Yes''
81 think that elder ought to be driven out of
the country. Those poor, deluded people nave
no idea Of what is in store for them"
That's what I've told EN- I've talked and
talked. but they wouldn't harken. My old man
is down thar with en-"
What! Has he left you behind?''
"Sartin. He could Mt sell the squat but he
got shet Of most else and left me back thar.
He's got the Mormon religiun the powerfullest
sort, and hes gwlne TO take fve or six wives
out thar. I've bin wife to him fur forty
years and mo-"
And what are you going to do about it?" I
asked.
stranger hitch yer boss and cum aloner"
she answered, AS her face grew very hard and
her eyes flashed.
walked beside her down the TRAIL but we
didn't exchange a word I could hear her
she examined the rifle to see that il was in per-
feet order. We passed the turn at length and
came full upon the party seated on the rocks
with their luncheons before them. No one
saw us until We were close at hand. The Nor
mon elder sat in the centre Of the group.
Twenty feet away from him the woman halted,
brought the rifle mp TO her shoulder, and, In q
low but very menacing voice, said;
Il want yous to go! Down the traill II yous
dom go III kill yo, shores I'm Twin woman"
and after look to satisfy himself that not one
of the crowd was moving to interfere be started
of. As he went tho woman called out after
him:
heaven, IN kill " nyo ever show y0s face
With her rifle to her cheek she covered him
until he passed the bend, thirty rods below.
Then she turned to the people, every one Of
whom was dumfounded, and said:
scatter back home! You's amt gwine with
somebody'n de"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
Written for The EVENING STAR.

The Dream of HON.,
onca rron n r,,,or,s r,c,,
AsIsa, by areliubt.
Noddipc naming sadlv ,,,s,n,
On tho scanes of hrrara,o
Eli,tino nv INV droo,,,,
VIC " one WITHOUT my choosing
AND xbi,o o,oor,,,r ,o-o,
ksI droorIIr ronosas
Fore tho or,hor, alp,,.1,, ,.u,
SuddopI,- soa,,,o, 80 n
Thropcb tho r,,d,;na. IN
soiie one strangely soidy calling.
,Ro,rar,oo.o, .,.,, ..,,
Noono ,,ntni,,s - '1
sara The aart,rI,as -, ~ ~
Put - on, ~. IT. a a p''.,ns'
.,-''- s.oon,
FahNy' sweetly' gently calling:
rh.,ne., .". ~ my eoui,
Me- 81. my n.ar' oe! onu oon'roi
10 N' "i,"iine'
~ 'H"' sang Vi Joy'
Perfect happiness inuring.
CnN., as ~ sum my suo might
'Hiousn INC uai Asonie night
VA 'i-s soice my soui en'nraihhg;
u' 'nOusn seeming ai"a near
Came the magic music calling.
Out aniio Tue ho"nhs piast'
through the cneerless streets passd
Lureu py Wohdrous strains impeillng
me 10 ,o.iow ana 10 nope
Through grief beyond dispelline.
MIG the winters cni!ling blight
MID the horrors OF night
whose existence seemed eternal
onward, onward without rest
Fer unceasingly press'd
With an energy infernali
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12

From the London Globe.
Scene-An elementary school A teacher Il
examining newly Joined pupil, Who proves
extremely dense:
Teacher-''what's your name2"
Child-'I dunno"
Teacher-"where do You come from?"
Child-'T dunno"
Teacher-"Have You sver been to sohool b.
fore?v
Child with CLEAN of intellieence)-ssysa I"
Teacher-'Was il board schoolY'
Chila-s15o; brick"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
Written for The Evening Star.

ANIME, MORE NEAR
at hand than Russia,
calls for the apprehen-
sive sympathy of the
people of the United
States. Unless some
thing is done at once a
not inconsiderable frac-
ton of the population Of
this country will perish
of starvation. Death
for lack Of food stares
the Eskimo Of north
west Alaska in the face,
and thousands Of them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
HOW THEY WERE PROCURED
The Bear went aloaC the Asiatic shore

The Bear went along the Asiatic shore near
the arctic circle and bargained with success
for sixteen OF the beasts which only cost about
$40 each, inclusive of presents given to the
hea! men of che tribes. More would have been
secured only for the fact that the herds were
grazing far inland. but il was promised that
hundreds should be on hand for sale next sum
mer, so that the supply is practically unlim-
tied These obtained stood a stormy voyage
of three weeks most admirably and arrived at
Unalaska in the best possible condition.
THE METHOD OF RAISING HERDS.
When this nucleus of herd has been trans
ferred to the main land few expert Chukchees
will be fetched from Siberia to serve as herds
men They viii be given for help young
Eskimo men. who viii learn how TO care for
and propagate the reindeer. For paw each
young man viii receive at the end of his term
of apprenticeship ten OF the animals with
which to start a herd for himself. pursuing
this plan 1t is expected that within twenty-five
years this most useful of lie Ists ought 70 be
widely distributed throughout arctic Alaska.
There are two species OF reindeer already wild
In that coultry. called the barren ground
and wood LAID Carlton; but 1t Is thought
that there would be much difficulty in domosti-
eating them. and any way il is easier and
cheaper 10 import the tame beasts from the
other continent, where they have boon bred
TO gentleness for centuries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12

in this direction BY landing sixteen of these
animals at JnalSska. where they are now win
taring a small island in the harbor in charge
OF a United States deputy marshal. They were
brought over by the steamer Bear and next
spring they will be transferred 20 the MAIN
land where they are expected to breed and
form a herd eventually.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
REINDEER FOR ALASKA
Their Introduction to Keep the Ma
tive Eskimo From Starving.
THREATENED BY FAMINE.

Sixteen Reindeer Already Landed at Una
lasks-The Tame Species to BE Distributed
All Over the Country-How They Are to
Transform the Eskimo From Sayages Into
an Industrial People.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
Not Built That Way.

Prom the Altoona Tribune.
There is one branch Of modern eduoasicn in
which the women's colleges are still sadly De-
fcient-foot ball
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-12-12
MERRY XMAS BELLS.
Some Of the Many Attractive Things
for the Little Ones.
HINTS TO SANTA CLAUS.
The Improvements in the Toys for Children-
Marvellous Dolls and Innumsrable Access
sories-0smes and Machines to Delight
Boys Hearts-what to Buy.
Written for The Evening Star.

merry, merry Christmas everywhersl
Cheefily 1t rinseth thro' the air;
Christmas bells. Christmas trees.
Christmas odors on the breeze"