The Neihart herald. [volume] (Neihart, Mont.) 1890-1901, 1891-08-07

the sea coast. In the great Amazons
district, as big as a dozen of our
states, the average is about II
person in every ten square miles.
The Amazon valley, in fact, is said to
be the most thinly populated region
on the globe excepting Sahara and
the polar zones. The same ratio holds
good for the province of Para, out.
side the city of that name, and in the
province of Matte Crosse it is only
a little higher. The average of the
whole country is only four to the
square mile. The important towns
are all on the coast, and strung along
the coast of the Atlantic, from Para
to Rio Grand do Sui, are thirty cities
of over 10000 inhabitants. One of
these, this beautiful city of Rio dc
Janeiro contains over $1,000 people;
Bahia has 100000, Pernambuco 100,
600 and Para 10000. The Brazilians
are courteous, generous and hospita-
bic, but proud and quick tempered.
Up to a few years ago the negro
slaves did all their work and the
country produced food in abund-
ancc, which cost practically nothing.
Being masters they were naturally
i%mperious; having no incentive to
labor they were naturcly indolent.
The emancipation of the slaves
and the influx Of Europeans have,
however, changed the natural char
acteristics, and enterprise end %activi-
ty have taken the place of lethargy,
so far as they a in a hot, e~nervating
climate like this. The majority of
the Brazilians are of pure Portuguese
descent, but there are a great many
mulattoes, or ~creoles, as they r
called. The native Indians are cop
per colored, of middle height, are
thick-set. broad chcsted and muscu-
lar have well-shaped limbs and small
hands and feet, black hair and black
eyes, sometimes set obliquely, like
the Mongolians. They resemble our
Indians very little, except i'll COM
plexion. On the coast they are half
civilized, but countless tribes of saw
ages make their homes in the forests
of the Amazon valleys. These the
Brazillians call Gentios, or heathens.
their number is estimated to be
about 100000, but there may be ten
times that number. Nobody knows.
Darkest Brazil is as much a mystery
as "Darkest Africa"
H NEW REPUBLIC.
The remarkable transition of Bra
iii from an empire to a republic
without bloodshcd, without even re-
sistancc on the part of the Emperor,
has no parallel i'll history. The only
monarchy OH the estern hemisphere
went out of existence so quickly that
the usual course of business was only
a little disturbed, and there are prob
ably people in the back districts who
don't know yet that Dom Pedro is
no longer at the head Of affairs. AS
the Emperor went out of the palace at
one door the President came in at the
other. A provincial Government was
organized, a constitution was formed
and three months latcr-last Septem-
berthe people elected a National
Congress as quickly as though they
had been doing the same every year
for centuries. 1t was a remarkable
revolution, but the BRAZIL ans are
a remarkable people and Deodora da
Fousco, their President and leader
is a very remarkable man. The con-
~stitution Of the new republic is mod
elcd after that of the United States.
The several States have entire super
vision of their own affairs, but the
first section of the first articleof the
} constitution declares that theil
union shall be perpetual and indis
soluble. The Federal Government,
has practically the same pc wers rs ir
our country. The President is elected
for a term of six years, and is not eli
) gible to reelection. There is "a Sen
ate and Chamber of Deputies forming
the National Congress. Three Sena'
) tors are elected by the Legislature O
each State and are to serve three
) years. The Deputies are elected by
the people of their respective dis
tricts and serve three years. Congress:
is now in session for the second time
the machinery of the Government i
all in Mace and WORKING smooth,