The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1891-02-27

INJURIOUS INSECTS AND GERMS IN
DISEASES.
BY PROF. A j. COOK.

them, and to bring In specimens. 1t was
wrong to teach them of the hide0usnsss Of
insects and creeping things, which are Otter
very beautiful. How many In this room
can tell hoy many feet has geometer OF
measuring worm larva? Three only, could
tell. These most common things 90 un-
observed. and where we might be greatly
advantaged by knowing their habits we are
In ignorance.
The male flies In October, are about n
inches across the wings-almost white,
(shOws drawing). The larva has 10 feet.
unlike most others which have 10. The
larva has yellow below, and above has many
black lines over the yellow.
So, coming as 1t does in early spring and
attacking fruit buds 1t may be necessary to
spray the trees very early for this alone.
But such early spraying will not do harm
| to the bees.
The spraying for cOdling moth should be
done at later period-say just as the late
kinds, as Northern Spy and Jonathan had
| dropped their flowers. You will then be
likely to destroy six or seven different in
sects land here shows cuts of them). Recon-
mends London purple in / 10 to 200 gallons
| of water.
(Here shows drawings of currant wOrms).
| There are two kinds of worms attacking
the quarantine worm ON the leaves and
worm on the stalk. Cut the dead end OF
the stems which will secure the worm in
side, in the spring and burn every one.
Kerosene emulsion was made by n or a
pound soap, 2 quarts kerosene, 1 quart
water. Stir or pump back and forth, after
dissOlvng the soap in the water; the oil will
not again rise, but be mixed all through.
Now for lice on cattle or plants, so reduce
10 wi III nj
kill the nits and the lice.
The Bordeaux mixture for grape and
plum rot, was: Glib sulph. copper, 16 gal
lens of water: Alb of lime, q gallons of
water. Mix the two with the pump.
Ii the apple maggOt Is found making its
tunnels all through the fruit then feed out
all the apples, don't let one escape. This
maggOt works through the fruit instead OF
the core, as does the larva and cOding moth.
We do not think spraying for plum cur
culi0 has proved of much value with us.
For cabbage worm, Pyrethrum is the
thing to kill. 1t il harmless TO man and
the higher animals but death on cabbage
worms. 1t will also kill house flies. At
his own home he had arranged one screen
Of each room SO the top will tip outward.
Now darken all the windows of this or the
| adjacent rooms, and get the flies out on this
screen, then tin IL out and out go the flies.
1t is good plan to darKen the windows ex-
cept the kitchen and get as many flies i'm
there as possible toward evening. Then in
the evening, late, blow a little Pyrethruni
into the room. Next morning sweep up
and burn. when the fire is first started.
FRUIT CULTURE.
By PROF. L. r. TAFT.
Those who were just commencing fruit
culture might make the mistake of expect
ing tho much. They would plant in the
wrong soil and location and then leave the
trees to take care of themselves. Fruit re-
quires constant labor and study to attain the
best results. AS to soil it will not do to
plant in any soil that is not fert lie. or where
there is poor drainage, or with hard sub
soil. In ordering trees do not make the
| mistake some do of getting large five, six,
seven and eight year old trees, thinking
| they will bear sooner. Trees should be
| from bud, and the same is nearly true of
plum. pear and cherry. The apple may be
two years old, but If larger there is more
| risk. The reasons are: Cheapness, ship
ping is less, easy TO plant, far more apt to
| live.
At the Agricultural College we expert
| mented and found that in planting four
year old trees we lost fully One-half, while
with two year Odds none were lost.
Planting-three things to avoid
|. Not expose roots for q moment. A
cloudy day when dry wind is blowing is
especially bad. Cover with wet straw, ola
carpets, etc.
2. Extra deep planting. Plant as deep
as in nursery, unless soil is light, then may
be deeper than in the nursery.
3. Carelessness i'm working the soil
around the roots. This should be worked
in with the fingers while the roots are
spread, and may be washed in with little
water. This will pack soil around every
small root.
In pruning commence by taking off
broken roots with smooth cut, then young
fibrOus roots will start at the cutting.
AS to raising trees with high or low
heads, he said he would advise the forming
OF the head about 81 feet high. Those
kinds that bent downward should be started
higher than those like Northern Spy that
grow erect.
The peach should be cut back to a single
stem, other trees to average of half the top,
and thin out. The time to prune is when
trees are small or by the thumb and finger
method, or at most pruning knife, and
trim any time when your knife is sharp,
provided you use only the knife. Thought
more trees were injured by over pruning
than otherwise.
Distance to plant. Average should be
say Is #. for peach, 40 IT. for strong apple.
33 IT. smaller apple. Thought 35 IT. good
distance for apple and then plant alternately
some kinds like Wagner, that would bear
and then be out of the way.
1t is best after four years to give the en-
tire land to the orchard. and work frequent
ly. 1t is wrong to do a little work spring
and fall and leave all the rest of the time to
the weeds.
Pear blight-This is a microbe, fer
ment, bacteria, and may enter through
the blossoms or under leaves and stems.
Once in the circulation II is very apt to stay.
There is no known rem ,dy, but great pre-
caution should be taken when once noticed;
cut back the fresh wood and be sure to burn
every branch cut off, and even the leaves
attacked. Avoid strong growers. Get
kinds that grow slow and keep them grow
ing III this way. A very rich soil will cause
it, or will spread it. Use wood ashes in
stead OF any commercial fertilizers. Ashes
make harder growth. AS much food in
bushel of unleached ashes as i'm SOC worth
of commercial fertilizer Unleached ashes
are worth three times as much as leached.
Potash will increase size, color and flavor of
fruit, and will double the amount of sugar