The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-09-20
NOTES ON SCIENCE AND ryprs,..

NOTES ON SCIENCE AND TyDrsr,.
At one Of tho Pittsburgh. Pa. machine cha.
anew process has been IN reduce In the ,n,n.
uiacture OF compound metallic tubes tia, IL
tubes OF one metal covered or lined. or Io,h
with another metal In tho lining of uh.
hard mandrel is taken. the diameter o, wIios
Is the same a. desired for the inside Of N.
lining OF the tube when finished. AMI tho p,s,o,
lini"G 10 pla, cd around the mandrel and Ola
the lIning is 70 ia sd 10 the desired ,hic gMsil
the tube that IL to lie lined is now sip ed HTs,
the HING n. ana b me Si' tinI proces
AID reduced to the outside diImrter Dies '' rsT'
aitor which the mandrel is iom"cd and ~,
tube cleaned. II the tube IL TO DO cn,erei 40
wJ1as l,nei the andrel il left inside be I, i've
Ing, the metal cover is slipped over tie tuhn
manner until the metal cover is role n .' Sams
tlpb Nv upon the gu side OF the tube and h,
n, asr ms the m 4X"ff @
and the compound tuDe finished according ~
the usual method. "
French Ingenuity has contrived an impror.a
stone-cut;ing saw of remarka le eftlcicncv-s
circular saw having its edge SGT with bin n
dinmo nds IN the Same way as tho straight
blades. hut as the strain on the diamond Is All
In one dlree ion. the setting can DO made much
hrrner. Moreover. ~ tho movement of thu
circular saw Ii far moro rapid than that OF tho
.
J Increased BY the force q tho imrart uron tho
oh Get TO DO cut wi hout tho Q ertion o. mors
power In propulsion. In order to keen I6s
made to reSol1e between two pairs pah ss IS
| hut rs soon rs the cut in the stone is deem
are removed the consequence OF I'll s ,n,nor az
ment being that tile cut surfaces OF the stons,
au., dressing 10 plans surface IA teT r s T
aud smooth, lacking only 10 be polished H.,
stone TO be cut Is pushed Against tito Jaw hy"s
very great At ons e.tabIIshment where r'a vs. !,
sawed Mt tn, rate OF nearly an Inch n i'!
har! marble at ,hree In hos a minute and
stone. four inches minute. ''' ''' A"'' ''''''
Tho protection OF work men from furnace
heat, o. practised at the Menden and Schwer,
iron works In Westphaiia. is said TO be by
means Of a rectangular iron screen hung from
an overhead rail. which can DO made to cover
the whole working side OF the furnace or can
be pushed aside when not required or when
It interfercs with the wax going on. The
lower end Is bent into gutter. having slight
upper edge. is provided on the side tia.
nearest the tnrnace-with 2 rpe boreI through
inch apart. which is in connection with tbs
ss5yice, ripe suppyine wa or for GOO ng tho
t. plate 10 KEPT constantly wet from the SUI.
ply pine; the small lots trickiins down to ils
cooling bosn at the side no CHI ut ths bottom ON
aG 81 as The
surface is screened by the water. cooled plate.
i is said that This arrangement. which was
lifted to All the pudding furnaces In the worSs
work faii sms even IN tic hottest a w es 10
Almost all the spools now ma 10 are produced
from birch wood. and tho machinery used in
thsIr manufacture has besn brought 10 such a
degree Of perfection as to reduce their cost to
the lowest possible figure. The wood is first
sawed into sticks four or five feet long and
seven eighths OF an inch 10 three inche,
square. according to the intended size Of tho
SPOOL These sticks nre thoroughly seasone!
sawed in, o short blocks. and dried in a hot-air
bored aff e%ss esx
Which Un t Is set on end under RAPIDLY revolving
81 each little block aca INST some small III Inves
that are turning at lightning speed fashions it
inS s9oo a ae ,b, shs ma2ner Of the pattern
boys feed the spool akins mach mes By simpy
hest, and hi, wing out the knotty and defeet.
iSs stock. The machine is automatic, except
drum aud revolved RAPIDLY until polished. 'AH
Further tests OF fbrclia the product OF
common dax strnw. show that to certain
extent 1t has not only valuable textile proper.
Ties OF itself. but also rs substitute for cot.
ton or wool; 1, Is claimed. In fact. that Is psr
'ent. of the fbrelia. with IS per cent. OF wool,
made into broadcloth, eivcs a product abso.
utelv more valable THANH II made Of wool alone
that Is. the real strength q the clo:h is or
s,.iI rs eemeusios protsrt, AMI else.
durability to the coiS but %Hpi aal to To-
ainable: Those who have made the CLOSEST
examination Of this peculiar article say that
90 and the masria Is mch strune as' i In f sst
Is ee ppse nsn han 1s well known q
hsreore it as wH ss c aSs
ne capacity being equal 10 wool ami fully rs
lhus il + TINT iibrelia goods take q
IND bfianey than cotton. Thi s0 be lfihsc so
otton abrelia goods. it Is asserted. must excel
'uFe cotton In weight. strength. and beauty.
II. Villon thinks that he has discover ed
method ofspecial value. as compared with al
thers. for the publication Of water for indus.
rial purposes. 1t consists In placing a solu.
ion ofsodium nitrate into a vat divided into
wo compartments by diaphragm: lead cleo
rodes OF large surface are put In this solu.
sSAA' MN snO SokA0hb IEUu II dynamo is then
assed through. The sodium nitrate is de-
omposed. caustic soda being formed in The
eehtlye compartment and nitric acid at the
positive pole. from which IL dissolves a certain
Su nfn Of lead. forming lead nitrate. When
g. certain time the solutions are run from The
wo conDartmsnts into second vat ami there
alxed by means OF an agitatVr. Tue sodn pre-:
tplta'es hydrateh oxide OF lead. and itsef
11rms soiium nitrate The solution is now
ltered and tho nitrate solution again submit.
% s 10 /; slsstrolysi;; When the baryta or lend
AIRED oxides. The publication by bsrys- IL
onnd TO pc more perfect than that by lead
xlds, and. according to NJ. Villon, the use Il
70 \. nltsr prss' can 10 avoided by employing
amoate OF sodium, that is. solution Of nd
xlde IN ,causlic soda. the prscpi alto being
mply allowed to settle out. and the water OBJ
aimed shows hardness OF OF 5 degrees.
1t seems to be demonstrated that the new
lethod OF riveting lsy electricity is 4 remark.
bio success and will take it's place among the
lost im portant Improvement in the indus
lal arts. The apparatus comprises trans.
rmer the primary OF which is formed OF q