Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-10-24

Baiietin the Subject Co ne rssu~a y.
the Department OF Agriculture.

HNHE DEPARTMENT OF AGaICUITURi
u will soon issue a report on the wonderful
progress OF nut culture in the United State.
IL is an entirely new industry Ten years axe
nobody ever thought Of such q thing ne eult,-
waiting nuts in this country. II seemed natural
that they should grow Wild and no, otherwiss.
At present nut trees Of many kinds are bsins
grown and grated in nurseries. Orchards a
them have been set ont in several states. ana
there Is every prospect that by the time snother
decade has passed nuts will be plentiful in the
market Of varieties ne superior 20 those noe
eaten ss cultivated fruits are ordinarily bettar
than wild ones.
At the show Of the National Pornoloricai A.
ISOLATION in Washington the other day nothing
excited so much attention plate containing
four huge open chestnut burrs. In each bur
were revealed three four gigantic nuts. A.
Dig as the French 'mATrons." They we're a.
fact obtained by a Pennsylvania grower bvs
sratt OF the imported marion chsstnu. on =
naive tree. In Japan grow the largest chest
nuts an the world They are twice a. big a.
the msrrons. seeds o. them have been broucit
W tlis country ana rropagated from success
Iu.s. lniortUa a;ely. neither the Japane..
n t hot the maroon Is equal in quality to the
.Les.hut o. the United States. but Il j. believed
~ eNcn,ualty chestnuts can be obtained ~
Il
We japanese and the flavor OF the American
u. = ~I matter Of grating. and the uurscry.
men are pursuing the object in Wow rno-a
sHAloosls. There are already number Of
- ~ IA iehhssiVania, Delaware and Nes
"efses VINO nave orchards OF trees an bearing
oUITIvArINo THE cHFsrNur.
How much can be accomnlish,s a., ,r.xo,,.
ing foreign strains of chestnuts no one can ,eu
ss yet but there are native yari.ti.. ,.l,,ra
shord promises sufficiently certain and an.tc,-
ing. Some Of these. found in Tenpc.ss, p.
syivania and the mountains of Virginia ar.
neAii! AZ org as horse chestnuts Aad have q
most delicious flavor. Crafts from the trc..s
bearing them produce slmirable resul,s n
must De understood that gratis do not improve
varieties, merely maintaining them. 80 tina; the
planter Is able 10 gradually better his stock b.
selecting those trees which bring forth the be.t
fruit Perhaps the time may arrive wbet
ehes nuts viii contribute importantly 20 tie
food supply Of the United States as thew do no.
IN Europe. There are many WAYS of using thea
IA cookery ana number o. recipes will he IN
Guided an the government report above r,ferrea
To. They are made into soup prepared as =
puddlng, employed a stuffng for biras
boiled and dipped in strip for a conserve ana
nulized an several other fashions. Now am
then chestnut twlg Is found which has n sue
cession OF burrs all along il instead Of tha
usual two or three that dangle together Ths
Department OF Agriculture would be yerF
much Obliged 20 any one who will send 90 q
sueh freak 1t means simply that all OF ths
female blossoms along the spike" that hear.
the burrs have been fertilized by the pollen
ordinarily only two or three OF them are 90
fertilized- IL some gratis of the unusual
growth described can be secured, possibly the
producing power of chestnut tees may DO
Much is also being done in the cultivation Of
hickory nuts. Nurserymen are planting ana
granting the young trees which they sell g.
srosers. No orchards are as yet in bearing.
put there are wild groves Of fine varieties IL
ohio Whicn are regularly harvested. There
are shagbarks IN Iowa of large size which have
such thin shells that thew can readily b.
cracked by grasping two together In the hand.
from such stock CRAFTS taken BY the grow
ers anu tne process OF progressive selection
Nii oououess develop some very remarkabls
results In the course Of a few years STORIES
have reached the division of pomolocy Of
hickory nuts in the Wabash valley "A. bic a.
ones two fists. Much anxiety was felt g.
secure some OF them. but 1t was finally learned
that this estimate Of size included the husks.
the Kernels being small and almost worthless.
Ohio Is remarkable state for nutsf new
KIND OF black walnut has been discovered out
there which rs probably destined TO be highly
priced IN the future. Bv a freak Of nature one
half OF Its shell is not developed nor the kernel
on tnat side, the result being pear shaped nus
hiled with single meat some what the shape Of
peanut, though bigger. The important OBJ
Jecuon 70 ordinary black walnuts il that they
constructed that it IL almost impossible 10 yea
the Kernel out whole. This freak variety has
only TO be cracked 70 yield the meat entire. IL
as to be cultivated and may be expected TO ap-
pear on the market by the time that the press
ent generation OF babies is grown up.
An ExrRAoRDISARr SPECIES or HAZEL xur.
new and very extraordinary species OF
hazel nut has been discovered in the state Of
Washington. Instead of being the fruit az a
dwarf tree not six feet high, Il grow. upon =
giant tree sixty feet in height However be
cause the tree stem 10 only SIX inches in diam
eter, IL cannot stand upright Instead il bends
over not far from the ground, touches the
earth, rises again, comes down TO the ground
once more, and so on for several snaky curves
Its branches bear hazel NUT by twins In
every pod two nuts are found instead of the
usual one. This is q variety well worth cult.
made with gratis from it,
incidentally 20 this beginning OF nut cultivs-
tion, varieties are being dIsting uished and
designated by name. A few years hence one
Will not look IN the market merely for chest
nuts or hickory nuts, but for certain choice
kinds Already no less than fifty varieties OF
pecans have been named. OF these last MANY
plantations are IN bearing and hundreds more
have been set out IN the gulf states- Their
STOCK has Deen OBTAINED by gratis from wild
trees In Texas and Mississippi, the fruit of
which Is paper-shelled, as to be readily
cracked between the fingers, and i've or 81,
times as big ordinary pecans
Great success II being made with the oultivs-
ton OF English walnuts in California IL il be-
lieveo that they can be produced probably in
the eastern states as soon more experience n
had In the fertiiizing of the flowers This Ia
always great difficulty, and il has been found
on the Paclhe coast thata very effective remedy
for 1t Is 60 plant among the trees black walnuts
or even the common Dutternuts- They are al
cousins and the plentiful pollen Of the butter
nut or black walnut trees fertilizes the bloc
SONS OF the English walnuts, which would not
otherwise be impregnated- Before very long
this country will be shipping English walnuts
abroad aud the same rs likely TO be the case
with almonds. OF the latter very big crops are
now produced in California and Arizona They
require q dry climate. East of the Rocky
mountains they do not do well, because Of the
frosts and dampness.
THE PISox or ARIZONA
Something may yet be attempted in the way
OF cultivating the pinon, which il gathered In
such immense quantities in Arizona and south-
ern California This nut IL practically never
seen in the east, because it is 80 much in de-
mand on the Pacific coast. Indians aud not
few poor whites out there make a business Of
collecting pinons, which inclosed in the
cones of q species OF pine tree. They throw the
cones upon the hot embers OF q fire. thus csus-
ing them to open, when the nuts are shaken
out Tho biggest Of them are about the size Of
small almonds, but their favor il very dels-
Qia