davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
This was used in Gaul in the eighteenth

This was used in Gaul in the eighteenth
century, and was very much like those
In use in Australia at the present time.
I'm proved headers are now used in the
dryer portions of California, Iowa, Kan
sas, Nebraska, and Dakota The San
Juan Valley, east of the Coast Range.
may properly be called the home of the
great combined harvester This enor-
NOUS machine, the drawing of which
requires from fifteen to thirty horse
power, cuts swath from sixteen to
twenty-four feet wide. Those run by
steam cut swath from twenty-four to
forty feet wide, and have been known
to harvest 23S acres of wheat
in three days The ..old-fashion
ed binder did well to simply
cut and bind fifteen acres in a day.
while the combined harvester cuts,
threshes, cleans; and sacks as it goes.
On the slope of the upper Coast Range
counties of Ca ifornia and in Illinois,
Iowa. Nebraska, and some parts of Kan
sas and Dakota, twine-binders are used
to a considerable extent, having entirely
replaced the old self raking reaper. The
Palo; S, and Big Bend regions of Wash
ington are coming 10 the front as among
the most productive wheat fields of the
u.
1O1 bushels of fine wheat from one acre
in the Palouse district were shown. The
wonderful fertility of many sections OF
this country and the almost unlimited
tracts to be developed has led to an in
difference on the part of farmers
to the use Of fertilizers. The Eng ish
farmer must be professional in a knoWl-
e-ge of the use of land stimulants. 1t
pays to make land. Farmers are too
apt to think of their fields in the light
of producers forgetting that they arc
consumers as well, and i'll many places
where poor lands abound the free use of
lime, guano, gypsum and phoSphateS, at
cost of perhaps SO per acre, would
add a profitable increase.
The current belief that the great in
dustry of wheat raising is declining, and
that the overproduction in India may Sc
riously affect Western markets, finds
no support in facts as given in the most
reliable statistics The largest wheat
production OF the world was in 1881,
when the combined aggregate Of 1887
and 1888 exceeded that of the two pre-
ceding years by about 34S, 000,C bush
els. The average aggregate Tor the past
six years, not including Poland, Finland,
Turkey in Europe, Bulgaria, or Rou-
melia, is about ,, $50, 600, 900 bushels In
1890 the United States produced 399-
1862, 900 bushels, over Co. 10000 bushels
more than was produced in France the
same year The amount of wheat OK
ported from India fell from 41.55S. 165
bushels in 1886 and 1887 to about half
that quantity in 1889 and 1890.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
American Wheat Fields.

No sight is more satisfying to the far
mer, who has toiled early and late at
blowing, pulverizing and seeding, than
a field of ripened wheat ready for the
sickle. His accustomed eye can foretell
almost to the bushel the prospective
yield, and he knows that with wheat, as
with men, the high, straight, stiff-neck-
ed heads, with all their show Of bravado,
hold not for him one-tenth the treasure
that the swaying, bent heads hold.
There is no record Of the introduction
of wheat into the western hemisphere
before the sixteenth century. Humboldt
writes that negro slave belonging to
Cortez first brought it accidentally in
rice into Mexico.from Spain. Humboldt
also saw at Quito an earthen vessel in
which a monk was said to have
brought from Client the first wheat
sown in South America. The first
harvest in the United States was
from seed sOwn. on the Eliza
beth Islands, Mass, by GOsneld in 1902,
during his coast explorations. If he
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

cally deferred the development OF wheat
raising for more than century.
In the early part Of the nineteenth
century there arrived in Holland from
the colony on Manhattan Island fine sam
pies of wheat barley. oats buckwheat,
canary seed. beans and fax. Wheat was
introduced into the Mississippi Valley
in IT'S, but with the sudden changes of
temperature and the hasty and improper
C ltivation it only yielded seven or eight
fold In 1746, 600 barrels of -four were
received in New Orleans from the Wa
bash. and Illinois raised three times the
quantity consumed by the State. Prior
to the Revolution but little was raised
in New York except near the Hudson.
New Jersey afterward became quite
wheat State, as did also New Hamp-
shire, whenever Siberian seed was used.
In 1875 wheat in New Netherlands
sold at 60 cents per busheL The total
amount of flour exported from the United
States IN 1871 was 619, 6lS barrels, be-
sides LOIS, 800 bushels of wheat.
Very little is known concerning the
origin of wheat and it's evolution from
common stock of small red-seeded,
grass like plants, De Candolle locates
its nativity in MeSopotamia, and con-
cludes that it spread thence east into
China and west into the Canary ISL
andS 1t was probably native to Asia
Minor. and was found in a wild state in
Persia and Tartary. kherburg and
Humboldt found it growing on the banks
of the Samara as they !ourneyed toward
the Caspian. 1t is often alluded to in
the Bible, and was embalmed with an
cient mummies.
The multitude of varieties of this 0st
common cereal is gathered by botan is
under the one name IriticetR Catlgdre.
The fact that this grain was made from
fgiiops orata is now accepted by the
most scientific students of this subject
BY experiments to improve -Egilops
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
When Gen. Butler Was Admitted.

There are few lawyers in practice
in Boston to-day who recall the begin
ming of Gen. Buffers legal career.
One of these few is [. S. Morse, who
indeed began the life of a lawyer on
the very same day as Gen. Butler.
Butler and myself" said Mr..
Morse, "had each studied law for
three years, lacking three months.
We had studied in different offices in
Lowell. If we had completed the
three years course Of study it would
not have been necessary to take an
examination. / do not recall what
Judge it was to whom we applied to
be examined, but | remember he
asked why we wished to be examined
at all when three months more study
would secure our admission to the
bar. Ben said. I'VE want to know
whether we know anything or not
1.-THE next morning we went to the
Judge at the Merrimac House to be
examined. 1t was my turn first. The
Judge had a lot of questions prepared,
which | answered to the best of my
ability. Then it was Ben's turn.
When he came out [ asked him how
he got along, and he said, Hang it.
He made me answer lot of ques-
tions. but he would not tell me
whether l had passed or not. The
next day the judge announced in
court that we had passed the exam
nation, and were entitled to admis-
sion to the bar. This was in 1910. .
Boston Advertiser.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
Ancient Paper Mills.

At Amalti, little village south OF
Naples, near mountain stream,
there are seven ancient paper mills.
In one, rags were being beaten by
hammers. whose handles were con-
nected with the water wheel, just as
was done 500 years ago. The rags,
when hammered into stuff, were
made into good wrapping paper by
the help of a stuf-vat. The paper
maker said that he made 100 kilO-
grammes of paper daily, and the mil
Ter and six girls were all the hands
employed. In the other six factories
writing paper was made in similar
manner, only one being supplied with
a pulp machine. At Tivoli, a short
distance from Rome, there were three
paper mills of great age, and wire,
tack and cotton mills, built on the
rocky precipitOus banks of the AniO,
a tributary of the Tiber, which af-
fords an ample and continuous water
power. The fall is 210 metres (about
700 feet), but was only utilized at the
lower part, on account of the rocky
steepness of the banks, until Italy
brought about a revival OF business
energy. Now, by means Of tunnel
built by a Roman stock company, the
upper part of this excellent water
power is reached. It is hoped to
light Rome by electricity generated
here by the water power and dynamo
machines, and conducted to the city
by cable. A new mill at this point
is equipped with the newest German
machinery, and manufactures thin
straw paper at small cost. The ma
chinery of the old mills is simple.
One, which manufactures paper from
wood pulp, has grindstone, built after
Velter's method three presses and a
sorting arrangement. In another,
straw is bleached in stone cisterns
with lime, taking three days in sum-
mer and four days in winter. The
bleached straw is ground in an
old hollander and changed to
pulp on a cylinder machine. the
drying being left to the sun and air.
Considerable crops of wheat and oats
are raised in the mountainous regions
and on the Roman Campagna, which
enables the manufacturers to produce
straw paper at cheap prices. A third
mill makes wrapping paper of rags
and old paper. There is no steam
power in these factories, as the coal,
which must be brought from En-
gland, is too expensive, and Tivoli
has as yet no railroad. The three
drying cylinders of the long sieve
machine in the third mill are heated
by an oven directly beneath them,
and the heat is conducted through
lead pipes on either side of the cylin-
der, the pipes entering the chimney
fiue. The resin and dyes are dissolved
and cooked il. stone watts in the open
air, protected only by a slight roof.
This mill employees about 10 work
men, and makes from 500. to 800 kilo-
grammes of paper daily. and also
produces some blotting paper. A
mans wages are from seven to four
teen shillings week, and a woman's
five shillings. Zeitung.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
A Boys Education.

Every craft has its comic initiation
ceremonies. The printers apprentice
is introduced to that rare specimen,
the type-louse, and sent out to borrow
a nonpareil shootfng-stick. The new
Western Union messenger used to be
dispatched to buy a pint of pigeons
milk. The BARRIERS boy receives a
commission to procure some strap-oil,
says the Buffalo Express.
"a kid came in here to-day" said a
Buffalo barber. "He bore note re-
questing me to give the bearer some
strap-oil We took him into the
bathroom. One of the men held his
hands, another his heels, while / ap-
piled strap where it would do the
most good He went away cursing
and throwing stones. We don't know
who sent him to US, and probably
never will know, but he evidently
worked in barber shop, SO we did our
plain duty by him.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
He Got One.

And old colored man went into one
of our leading jewelry stores and
pulled out an immense silver watch.
Il wanter pouch. sah," he said to
the clerk, Use done scratch dis yeah
watch mos tew deth 'thout one.
But, uncle" explained the clerk.
gentlemen don't carry their watches
in pouches. 1t isn't good form"
Hey? Amt good for 'em? Use
know better'n dat, / reckon. Hit
saves lot of wear an tear of de
silher, an Use done gwine to wear it
in a pouch.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
A CURIOUS cRUCiFIx.
Made from the Sword of an Old Spanish
King.

Made from the Sword of an Old Spanish
King.
In the days of early chivalry many
a gallant knight hung up his sword in
some favorite shrine, either as token
of gratitude, to fulfill VOW, or to
show that he had renounced the
world. There it hung, rusting in its
scabbard, telling to all eyes for what
use it was formed and awakening the
memory of the battleflelds upon which
it had flashed. But the keen blade of
Alfonzo X, Spanish king of the
eleventh century, has had another
fate. When dying, he presented to
the Cathedral of Santa Cruz, in
Seville, the sword with which he had
led his troops to victory upon many
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

to the yoke, which was straight stick
dashed behind the ears of the OXEN by
rawhde thongs 1t simply scratched
the surface of the ground; then the
seed was sown broadcast and brushed in
with the branch of tree drawn twice
over the ground.
In Ireland, harrow made from tree
branch and dashed to the tails of horses
was in use, until Parliament passed a
law prohibiting this practice as cruel
and injurious to horses. From this
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
famous fields of conflict, and request

famous fields of conflict, and request
ed that it be transformed into cru
cifiX and preserved to commemorate
his deeds. His request was complied
with, and after many years the work
of art which we illustrate was COM
pleted. 1t is still preserved in con-
vent at Seville, and is occasionally
borne in solemn professions through
the streets Of that quaint old Span
iSh citV
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

primitive method of farming in Cali
fornia, grain often increased sixty
and one hundred fold The harvest
came in July and was cut by hand and
carried to a threshing floor, which
was made by moistening the ground,
beating it until hard and smooth, after
which it was inclosed with high fence
or wall. The grain was piled into this
pen. and the seed trodden out by a band
of mustangs. The use of headers in
wheat6elds began with simple hori-
zontal comb shaped machine, which was
pushed forward in front Of the horse.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

orata the grain grows taller, the seeds
enlarge, the chat scales also modify
their character to that of wheat The
bruised foliage Of this wild grass emits
an odor like wheat and Is subject to the
same parasites, which are small micro
scopic fungi known by farmers as rust
and mildeW.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

could have seen the great development
of Western wheat production, and the
immense wheat fields of Illinois, Iowa,
Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, Washington
and California. the first harvest in this
new country would have seemed scant
and puny indeed. Though small guam
tity was sown in Virginia as early as
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24
OUR LEADING CEREAL.
IT'S CULTIVATION A GREAT IN
DUSTRY.

How Wheat Was First Introduced Into
This Country--Rapid Development OF 1Ss
Cultivation - Improved Machinery for
Handling the Crop-Extent Of Production
In the United States.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

Before the beginning OF the reclama-
tion of the lands ON both sides the Red
River in 1878 and on both sides the
international boundary between Canada
and the United States, Illinois, Iowa,
Kansas and Nebraska had the honor OF
being banner wheat States. This fertile
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

An optimist is man who thinks
himself as good as he can possibly be !:
and pessimist is man who thinks
his neighbors are as bad as they can
possible be.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

The petrifed body of what was sup
posed to have been an Indian was un-
earthed near McKeesport, Pa. on Sat
urday, by men who were digging a
trench. A large collection of arrow
heads, flint Ratchet, etc., were also
found.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1891-09-24

1911, it was not until 164S that there
were many hundred acres under cultiva-
ton Although premiums were offered
for its growth after 1861. nearly the
whole attention of the planters was
.giYen to tobacco raising, which practl-
Telegram-herald. ([Grand Rapids, Mich.) 18??-1892, 1891-03-29

Unless the historians OF decades gone
by. and the traditions that have come
down TO US from those periods, are all at
fault the time was not so very remote
when corruption stalked rampant
through the halls of congress, statesmen
stuffed their pockets with bribes in the
shape of currency or stock certificates,
and women fair and tickle reigned like
queens in the galleries OF the national
legislature or in their own sequestered
howers. II was just after the war. &C
cording TO al accounts. that the bust
ness Of lobbying best thrived.
IL was there that Sam Ward re;gned
as king of the lobby. His business, his
influence. his capabilities were as well
recognized IN Washington as the func-
tions of the lawyer or undertaken In an
interior village. If you wanted a viii
drawn in Smithyille you went TO Squire
Jones. and If you wanted lobbying done
in Washington you called on Sam Ward.
The king of the lobby was gentleman.
a born entertainer, \ celebrated bon
vivant. q prince of hosts, but in addition
10 these qualities and graces he had
brains. was the intellectual peer Of any
man in public life, and though there was
no secret about his profession or his
trade. whatever you call it. some of the
ahlest and most influential men of his
time were proud to call him their friend.
To all outward appearances Ward
lifted lobbying up TO a gentleman's level,
made it a social field. in which swallow
tail coats. terrapin, wine, flowers, per-
fume, wit. Jest, song and story were
chief weapons: but il is also whispered
that underneath all this darker. more
sinister influences were at work, that
regulations were ruined and others held
suspended at the will of the shrewd opera
tors.
Now, it seems once in lifetime only
that public man is involved in lobby
scandal at Washington. 1t cannot be be-
Cause men are smarter or more cautious
today than they were n quarter of a
century ago: it must be because they
nre more honest. because modern lobby
Ing ia on much higher level than Sam
Ward had it. Modern lobbying is
eort of attorneys trade. 1t Is almost as
respectable a. the law just "a lawyers
practice before the courts. lobbyists prac-
tice before congress. They take fees.
generally contingent, and they work
hard 10 win their cases: but they rareiy
bribe he jury or employ any secret or
disreputsble means. They do not even
take the jury ont 10 dinner and wine
and dine the officers Of the court and
their friends rs Sam Ward did.
Telegram-herald. ([Grand Rapids, Mich.) 18??-1892, 1891-03-29

formers Suggest. 10 an insult b It: n
would have been made like ooss nngcr
mails II it had been iDssoded tfAs it
should have tsen treated IN such ru9gh
way
The best washrsg for the face - ths
union Of the hands. for they fxm .
washing with a mind and never hurt
one. II the face Is dusty and soap rs 70
be applied then the wsshrsg saocld be ,
flannel one. Don't DC afraid 70 Use hot
water on your face. Florence Night
inxale said that when IL came 20 . qoes-
ton of removing dust or DIRT fro1n rAe
face, and anybody wanted ~ see winch
was eficacious, she washed one sick sol
dier's face with cold water and one with
hot, and the difference between the two,
the color Of the water after use and the
result on the SKIN, left no doubt IN the
minds of the locker on as 10 the dor1ra-
bility of that which was warm.
If you ask your physician anything
about frecklos he viii iearnedly call
them lentigo Now. freckles are not al
together the result OF the sun on tho
skin: the skin itself is in . supcrsensa-
tive condition when these spots come
out, SO the first thing you want 70 do. in
an effort to get rid Of them. is 70 induce
your physician 10 give you . good tonic
and TO take il regularly.
IL the freckles do lot GO away Of them
selves then try that simplest Of RENE
dies, lemon juice, for them. Too much
food and lack Of exercise make the skin
"doughy looking the eyes dull, and, as
a natural result, the temper very unre-
liable. Avoid shocks. When You are
very warm do not bathe the face in cold.
or even cocl water; instead choose that
which is tepid. and the skin will not then
be rendered sensitive by the rapid change
from heat 10 cold. Distilled water is
best for the skin, and the next best is
rain water. Hard water makes it coarse.
and eventually causes deep wrinkles.
In the country, where hard water Is
often the most plentiful. she who would
preserve her beauty of color and softness
of the skin should be careful to use moth
ing but rain water. Borax in the water
makes the skin lustrous. and possesses the
Recommendation Of ancient favor, as it
was in use by the women Of Egypt, who
extolled its value for this purpose. Too
much cannot be said in favor Of the bath
1t not only keeps the skin in good order.
but has delightful effect on the mind.
1t rests. refrsshes and improves the body,
and in time of worry is almost as sooth-
ing as sleep itself. 1t may be said that
we can drown trouble in it. Certainly
the bath will nd rs of care for time.
and that is great deal in world that
morbid and dyspeptic people pronounce
full of woe" ISABEL A MALIoH.
Telegram-herald. ([Grand Rapids, Mich.) 18??-1892, 1891-03-29

While The pcuf make for ths crecisof
the American peopls-for what Is Wsa-
iaSton but the national life And morsls TO
cussrsi aud mirrorstf-ls that Ii u for the
most part respectable lobbying Evil
dsnce Of the progress that hss been
made Is 20 be found IL the fact that the
cry q "a lobby" no longer frig ghseus
any enc. During the recent congress .
number OF important measures for
which 1t was well known lobby was at
work were taken up and passed. The
legislative mind-esen that from the
backwoods-h~s moved up . few pegs,
and Is now able 10 see that measure
which some one wants passed. aud Is
willing % hire lawyers 10 get passed.
need not necessarily De bad measure.
The modern lobbyist depends for the
most part entirely upon intellectual in
huences. He Is not mistaken In asum-
ing that majority of public men are
sincere and painstaking; that they want
10 know the right and the truth. 1t is
his duty and, IL he have q good case. his
pleasure 10 enhghtcn them, 70 convince
their sympathy. Ii his case is not good
one he will do well not TO work on con-
tingent fee, for there is no more critical
court. none more difiicult 10 please. mono
with keener vision for fraud or deceit
than the Argus eyed congress.
How does the lobbyist work? He goes
at his task just as you or would if We
had bill We wanted passed. He FIRST
approaches the members of the COM
mittee having the bill in charge II he
can carry the committee with him, half
his battle Will be won. This done he
must arrange plan OF campaign for
getting the bill up and on its passage,
for allaying opposition, for success in
the other house, for management Of the
committee of conference, etc. Often
you will see the lobbyist-the legisla-
tive attorney would be a fairer term
standing his man up in one Of the al
coves of the congressional corridor while
pouring upon him fusillade of argu-
ment and fact. Here and there is lob
lives of public men. One such is in my
minds eye-a silent, sinister, cat eyed
man, who has spies in brothels and who
keeps coachmen under pay. Even this
vile creature has caught the spirit of the
times and handles" men by honest
methods when he can.
Women lobbyists? They are few and
far between. The imaginative observer
about the Capitol will tell you that
Speaker Reed moved the ladies reception
room from its old quarters next the ways