The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-07-19
NOTES ON SCIENCE AND 1SDrsraK


burned gascs In fues and lamp. in which the
writer stated that the only burner in which he
found perfect combustion was that OF a paraf-
nne oil lamp when the flame was n OF turned on
foil: when II Is turned on full! the burned gas
! is liberated to the extent OF twelve parts OF
carl on and three OF hydrogen for every one.
thousnndth ra;t OF carbon in the oil completely
pitte combustion he founi to be In an araand
, ga. burner: that Ia when the "a wa not a,-
t" burn pnp q Of 20 nyG1osa ~. wa.
pnturned per one thousand Iarts q car
bon snsa co ,n e psn, Of car
bon AMI W. and q half rhrts OF nv lrosen o..
s s.pa Scs SSs then and p
pro.lu'ing D rice c.,mb ,stio was, tue Bray
oSa Wso sSsns snG IL o IN:
sand uar,s Of sop:Ie.sly turned carbon n. in
burners Again niney-ssren OF caroon ana
tweve q hy,lrHrsn ESCAPED unburned ins
lions ,re best met in the lamp first uamed.
| Some o. tho most pr ,minent iron founders
are In reducing new aud simple practice IN
order To secure stronger castings. the method
/ in question con insisting In placing thin sheets
| OF q ought on in the centre OF the mould
! trovious u tue operation OF casting. This
method was first resorted TO- 1t apgears. In tho
! casting Of tn plate for the ovens OF cooking
! stoves. 1t hsinc .ound that sheet OF thin iron
ren Yer ie,ed n 4 frrsc,'niiS unbrsakaee By hrs
a."iied t" nc Tie csst,ns -" Z iarss ron npss
core o,sheet ron imnarr ing a,!dit onal strength
an an sviisncr Of the a.it'ional strength capable
! Of being imptr sd BY tails mean t. u stated
! cass WI rerfor,l,ed shee, II wire gage
wrought II n in tho cen re. possesssi six times
to sTenS a a ssa " .ss , w.n 70
OF u plate one inch thick.
| For con siderable time past tho Old Colony
! Railroad has had in US. piston valve packed
, with Trips packing. this device. according 70
! the report. giving no trouble from leakaGo
! which is the q rent Oh. eciion to the plain pis.
: tn valve. The port does not have to b
bridget. the packing being such that It cannot
I fall out or catch on tho edges o. the port. and
| {" give s, II larger area OF port opening with
has been devised. Tho latter is sixteen inches
| wide and ah 'ut three Inches hish. and for
the upper an s.Is ei:ss a, Wei as the scat
opening. tAns more than donn.inH tho
ARA OF opening for the same travel OF valve.
: This urpi-s a, we'll to the exhaust as the
steam edge, giving q quick release as we'll a.
The waive is balanced. and. to keep It steam
tight; is packed on top an al ths sides. the
on. S S| rrnss an excsss Of ia
the cylinders will cause the valve to lit from the
| a
, vic. therefore. is said TO possess all the nd.
van ages Of the SIMPLE slide valve, and in addi-
ton practically double-p"rted and balanced.
! new artificial stone is receiving some ct.
tention from ar :hitects and builders abroad.
1t is q compounl. partly chemical and partly
! mechanical. OF iron. sulphur. aud silicon. with
moro or less foro On matter, the normal color
being q dark slate varying somewhat With the
I manner in which 1t is dressed but capable OF
i hail, iaI n n ntr0IucttOA
Of pigment, thns rem !, rim: pra.eiicarle imits.
lions ,ari ,us.u!or.d brick and sans CUES:
and can Ee worked BY tho usual stone. uttin9
tools. turned N a lathe or nianed The tensile
inch. and under compression, endure from
9.Oai TO l2.u"r pounds. Its specific gravity 10
slowly, No detrrior.t, N osc RS under expos
ure 20 the weather and as the material can bs
and rarti;n arl ia the ease @, lar:e ens.nes
forms 81 almost any des .rip,ioa can be YER.
co oSG or 9m an, b IN p; ,a
/ tions. the rerf"cl smootnness OF which tho
/ surface $ 50 susceptible. is advantageous in
, lessening iriclJn.
As tho result OF various and extended OF.
Ter ments. iron is now patel with nickel BY
pressure between rolls at a welding heat. tho
nckc, being rccovere iron the clippings nad
shesrinGs o! the plates by he action OF ii ute
|
| that Is. the iron ia dissolved and the nickel Il
obtained in thu form o. thin sheets AS IL was
m -tcd on the iron tho operation boing COM
| plete when tie evolution Of hydrogen ceases,
S that even ;resh acri. at the same tempera-
IRE us traeteai,y no effect bnt 'a % ,hna
nppNcsni mnay ,s sse wban e eur sSf
nickel il chem cnllv examined l. IL found 10
din r from : oris nal m,nos j,ion. the amount
OF iron rresen' being notably Increase Thus.
IN ,inln ont ,F,fs npt +, N
wi,.n it WAS recov red rom the rinte cuttsnae,
d dill" st "d til IRON 70; he 70:
ducel. Thi. peculiar pnenonenon, it Is be.
nse cal c " as ftkins place betwes9
the metal. AMI that allows OF iron, and nickel
certainly, with bat rvnn y, mall prop,rtinn Of
mis- al. 'e-ists he action OF acids much more
effectively than the pure metal.
Soma o. tho German porcelain aud Glass
manufacturers are now using u new coloring
material. capable OF heluG liked without
fire. In cnrryn: out this proce IS. ordinary
water colors ars used. these being rubbed
down with certain mixture, consisting OF TWO
solutions. compounded in definite proportions,
one Of them being com,ossl OF one hun ired
parts Of n syrup o. potassium W tier glass, to
wac has b on nd led ten nart- Of n leai acetate
dred j' oars o Water Ter -ss air. oy an ale
stream until we mtX"d: N, other solution 10
q 'nlSiur pi MY i'artSO 'lOTaN ulSsNV-u one
ha d,'Ip n IS o warm water an tive 'ty part!
0t giyrct ,nr. sixty par' 5 o; the lrSt described
sol ion are mixed with forty parts OF he soc.
ord. and with this mixture the colors are
ruhrei down. For thinn ng purposes. water
api the rst namsi solution are mixed w.u
i";s her In elu.i parts. After the PRODUCTS
Inv" t"'en "a ntn :. they are plac ID In bath
I composed rs follow: One part OF TO Ak y
di solve in two v" parts OF water an mixed
guitar nrcnna 20 Sci with MY parts OF by.
droluorir m ten parts OF sn phnr" actL On
the immersion ~ IN" ntcle. some ton min
Gtes in this bath they q washe In oleAA
water. AID the culor arrears as II burnt In.
In leu OF inc airing the Immense expense Of
sxcava,nC tho London docks 10 sccommo-
din Q the increased size given TO mode n ships.
largo pumnnS engines ha"e now been SGT up
aul the water In the docks is raised by this
meas. Some iIcn OF The demand upon these
eag mes can TO had fr I'm the size OF the docks
ore OF VIII h has mn arrl o. nearly ten Hcres
Ito nnm !, whl b mise the wafer having q Ca