Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1891-01-08
FARM AND HOME.
A HALF-HOUR WITH PRACTI-
CAL AUTHORITIES.
Chancellor Snow of Kansas University IN the
Hessinn Fly and Its iIahits--lntere>ting
Stock and Farm Note>-ilousc.
hold Hints.

+. II. Snow, chancellor Of the Uni.
versity of Kansas, has COR many
months past been pursuing u sys-
tematic and thorough investigation OF
the Hcssian fly, and what, if any
remedy against the pest may be had.
He says:
In 1854 we had the hrst invasion by
this fly OF any consequence in this
state. The species appeared in large
mum bcrs, first being heard from in May |
on the eastern border. while late in |
the autumn reports showed Il very |
general distribution OF the Insect |
throughout the eastern part ct the |
state. The fly is one of the most
formidable enemies which the wheat |
farmer has To contend with, and no
! pains should be spared 10 wage des-
tructive war against it,
| may briefly summarize the lie,
history and habits of the Hessian fly
rs follows: There are two brOods, the
first laying their eggs on tho leaves OF
the Young wheat from early April to
tho end Of May. the second brood ap-
pcaring during August and the early
part Of September and laying the eggs
on the young winter wheat, the eggs
Matching about four days after being
laid. The larvae are minute white
mHggots and remain between the base
of the leaves and the stem near the
roots, causing the stalk to swell and
the leaves t. turn yellow and die.
During the latter part OF November
they assume the FLAX seed" state and
may on removing the lower leaves be
found as little brown. oval. cylindrical
bodied, little smaller than grains OF
; rice. They remain in the wheat until
the warm weather In April the
larvae rapidly transforms into tho
pupa namely; tho FLAX seed" stnge.
The fly energies from its case about
the end OF April. The eggs laid by
this first or spring brood OF flies soon
! hatch. The second brood OF larvae
| or maggots live but few weeks the
"llaX seed" state is soon assumed and
, the autumn or second brood OF flies
appears in August.
Tho insects now in your wheat are
IN the maogot and also the ''taX seed"
st ties, and are. OF course, members OF
: the second brood.
The remedies are mostly preventive.
y After the wheat is once up and the
u flies are in, not much can be- done.
mere are ScNtFdl ucStFuCbuIc luS3C
@ parasites OF the Hessian fly whose
d combined attacks are supposed al
times to destroy about nine-tenths o.
Q all the flies hatched
q Among the preventive measure!
which may be taken are the following
n Sowing a part OF the wheat earl,
and if affected by the fly blowing thi
u in and sowing the rest after Septem
}" Der 20. This destroys the first broot
and prevents the second brood from
&c appearing.
In Sowing hardy varieties OF wheat
IL The use of lime. SCOT or salt, ais,
"a raking off the stubbie.
II the wheat be only partly affecte
it may be saved by fertilizers an
+ careful civilizations; or a badly dam
ne aged field Of winter wheat may thus
ad recuperated in the spring. Pasturin
he sheep and consequent close crOppin
of the wheat in November and earl
December may cause many OF tn
10 eggs, larvae, and "fax seed' to b
er destroyed; also rolling the grouu
1T may have the same effect.
to All these remedies were recon
mended by the National Entomologic
Commission which devoted much tin
'"' and work investigating the Hessis
fly. 10 these recommendations OF tt
commission would add this, namel
TO reduce to minimum the amount
,ur volunteer wheat This serves as
convenient place for the deposit OF Il
eggs of the summer brood OF tho file
nat and thereby through q possible thu
brood may communicate the pest
the latter sown wheat OF the regul
crop. This reduction can be made
=. chan ing the wheat lands ut loast
s snS often AS once in two years.
Cattle Hopes Lie In Good Cattle.
ht, More plainly and still more plair
'm' from week to week is demonstrat
the fact hat the great runs OF cat
in the west and else where are pressi
more hardly upon evey branch Of
cattle business than the ripening
choice beeves. The men who are p
ting first class cattle on the marke
while not receiving the prices o
few months ago. arc getting 80 M
them that they feel to only limit
extent the pressure OF the heavy ru
1t has always been a point urged
the stOckman. that beef production
it paid at all must pay best aim
only where conducted with IN eye
'rn. supplying the demand for the high
aid quality OF meats. We hope that p
Ace gressive beef makers when they r,
xas those columns will take this repea
~ lesson to heart, and decide either
be in competition with the best or
nao do something else. We see
do special hope in the future for the
He Queer OF inferior beet. while the
| 4. IT,. A,,t,,