Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-11-22


his clothes and claw at him and make
great ado, and he would fairly glow wit
happiness, and in this way Jokes began &
regard me as a hero and show many signs o
admiration, and thus our friendship wa
gradually renewed, snd after each encoun
ter he would come up to the bars and toucl
my hand with his tongue and show many
signs of good feeling. He was soon so hi
would chatter and play with my fingers and
| play many little pranks which seemed in
tended for me. Afterward, as long as 1 wa!
with him, he would always warn me of the
approach of anyone, and his conduct toward
strangers was governed by mine. If 1 re-
ceived them as friends he did so, but if / at
tackled them he would do the same, and he
always saluted me with his word, described
above.
Another little capuchin was named Jen.
ME. Her master told me beforehand that
Jennie did not like strangers, and that
should be very careful of her. At my re-
quest he had her chained in q small side
yard, and forbade any of the family enter
ing it On approaching the little lady with
the usual salutation, which she seemed to
understand, sat down beside her and gave
her some peanuts first and then q pecan.
When gave her this she held it up and
made strange sound, which do not think
had heard before, After little time 1
procured two stones for her and she at once
cracked the nut very dexterously. | must
confess. however, that do not think she
would have done this if she had not been
taught by man to do so.
Imitation Among the Monkeys.
True, monkeys do many humanlike things,
and people supply what they do not see so
as to make the act complete. do not think
that they do it dishonesty, but think they
do it as some newspaper reporters conduct
an interview-they often find that they
omitted to ask certain questions, so they
judge from what one has said in the inter-
view that he would have said SO and so in
answer to certain questions had they been
asked, and they put it down as though it
had really been said.
In one visit to Jennie negro girl, over
come by curiosity, entered the yard and
came near us. 1 determined to sacrifice her
on the altar of science, so I arose and put
her between the monkey and myself and
vigorously sounded the menace" Jennie
flew into fury, as 1 continued to sound
it, and attacked the girl with peanut hulls
and wads of paper, and caused Jennie to
believe that the girl had made the alarm. I
then drove her away with great show of
violence, and for days afterward the girl
d.
While this confirmed in q measure nv
opinion as to the meaning of this sound, I
must confer; that it has not always been at
tended with uniform results. have tried
it in some instances where it failed to pro-
duce the panic that resulted in some others.
The sound may be fairly reproduced by
placing the back of the hand gently on the
mouth and kissing it with great force and
prolonging it some seconds. 1t will be found
to correspond in pitch with the highest "F
sharp" on the piano, while the word 'tfood"
is four octaves lower, and ''drink" three
The Voice and the Jaws.
It will require time and careful study to
determine with certainty the value and use
of these sounds, but am quite convinced
that the number and the variety of the
sounds of the chimpanzee are qui te capable
of rendering many ideas with comparative
In July last made a very fair record of
the great Anubis baboon in the Philadel-
phia garde&. 1 did not expect to find in
him well developed language, but on the
other hand. obtained, as had anticipated,
q record of sounds of a type which is in
keeping with certain cranial characteristics,
and nv belief that the gnathic index is also
3 vocal index received farther proof
1 find certain vocal traits belongs to Ger
tain cranial types and as we descend the
scale from man through apes and monkeys
10 the lemurs and lemuroids, the vocal
powers become less and less as we recede
from the higher types, just in proportion
as the prognathic character extends. In
simpler terms, the voice becomes more and
more deficient in scope and quality as the
Jaws and muzzle strengthen.
This conclusion is based upon MANY ex-
oeriments and records, among which have
recorded the voices of lions, tigers, cats,
logs, monkeys, balloons, apes and different
races of men, together with many
kinds of birds, although the last are of quite
, different vocal range from the others
Prof Gamers Conclusions.
On the whole, 1 am convinced that all
possess a form of speech which is
with their social and mental
Development; that man may master it so as
TO enable him to learn their wants and un-
derstand their emotions; that they are as
far advanced in language as they are in
thought; that they make voluntary sounds
with fixed values, designed to convey cer-
ain ideas, and that they are understood and
obeyed by others of the same species; that
he rudiments of their speech are similar to
hose of man, and are such as may be easily
developed into human speech; that their
% ode of speech is as near to human speech
IS they themselves are mentally, morally
and socially; that the hiatus which separ-
ates them from man in speech is
,qual to that which separates them
physically; that they are capable of |
developing into higher and more definite |
ypes of speech; that modes of thought |
formulate the modes of speech, and that all |
peech is vague or definite as the thoughts
1a4- &L.%
ourds intended to convey thought are |
ntegrals of speech; that speech is as neces-
arily the product of thought as salt is of |
hlorin and sodium; that speech is material |
zed thought; that speech is the body of |
which thought is the soul
The Difference in the Sounds,
I feel quite justified in stating that types
# speech vary among simianS as much as |
heir physical types vary, and the same is
rue throughout the whole range of life. 1 |
must here explain why the same sounds are |
Uttered by the same species with so little |
Inference, as this has been mentioned as |
violence that animals do not talk, and that /
luman speech has to be learned, and that |
Individuals acquire the language with |
which they are brought in contact. The
of structure of the vocal organs
n any given species of animals is such that
he natural sounds are casts of the same yo-
al matrix, differing in volume and pitch in
roportion to the lung power and size of the
lottis; while human speech is mainly arti-
cial, except the phonic basis, and that is
S uniform in man as in the lower animals,
Then we omit those sounds which only cul-
lre and heredity can produce. As man has
dvanced from age to age in social and men,
al growth he has expanded his linguistic
,culties to meet his more multiplex condi-
ions Of life, as his multiplied ideas needed
1creased means of expression.
Very Bold Prophecy.
Ny reputation as prophet is here staked
0 the prediction that science will become |