davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

was appointed state chemist Of Indiana when
that office was established in 1881. In 1888 he
came 70 this city, having been appointed chief
chemist OF the Department of Agriculture.
He joined the American Association in 1872. at
the Dubuque meeting, and has attended every
meeting since with the exceptions of Hartford.
1874; ST. Louis, 1878 and Montreal. 1882. Prof.
Wiley was secretary of the chemical section in
1881, president of chemical section and vice
president Of the association in 1886 secretary
of council in 1890, and elected general
secretary for the 1891 meeting.
THE TREASURER.
The treasurer is Gen. William Lilly Of Mauch
Chunk, Pa Gen. Lilly is now past seventy
years OF age and has been an active business
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19
BSOlUTEN PURE

Mr. Gray returned TO the University OF Glas-
gov and acted as private assistant 70 Sir Will
ham Thomson until August. lsSs, when he pro-
ceeded to America to take up the post Of pro-
fessor of dynamic engineering in the lose
Polytechnic Institute, TO which he had some
time previously been appointed. Mr.. Gray is
the inventor Of several forms OF apparatus for
the observance of earthquake phenomena. and
Is the author jointly with Prof Milne. of several
papers on that subject He has also carried out
several engineering physical investigations,
notably long series of experiments on cleo
troiysis of silver and copper solutions, and is
an authority on the subject of electrical meas
urement on which he has written several pa
pers In the technical journals He is the author
OF the article on earthquake observation in the
latest edition of the British Admiralty Manual
OF Scientific Inquiry" and of the articles 'Tee-
graph" and Telephone" in the lately COM
pieted edition Of the "Encyclopedia Britannics."
The secretary of this section is a scarcely less
interesting scientist than Is the chairman. He
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

| that has been done in this direction, and in
urging that the organization be made more
general and extensive.
In reference to the work o. description the
| speaker read an unpublished note of Prof. Asa
Gray, In which that distinguished botsnisi
iamented the work of those who were incompe-
tent. The speaker also expressed the opinion
| That the exclusive use Of gross organs in the
description of higher plants would be given up
and that the more stable, minute characters
would prove valuable aids in steadying diagno-
SIS. danger In the use of these minute char
scters was pointed out viz, the tendency to
use q single set of minute Characters too far
ana TO mako the fabric of o whole group con-
form to it. The character Of q species is an
extremely composite affair and II must stand
or iall by the sum total of its peculiarities and
not by single one. There is nothing that in
voives broader grasp of facts-the use of an
inspiration rather than a rule-than the proper
discrimination of species.
=, nave dwelt thus upon the work of collec-
tion ana description both to magnify il and
10 indicate that its proper position is that of
preliminary phase in the study of systematic
botany.
II. THE STUDY OF LIFE HIsroRrEa
Inc work OF searching for the afinities of
great groups is the crying need of systematic
botany today. The speaker called attention to
the danger Of magnifying the importance of
certain periods or organs in indicating afinl-
hes' ana summed up what was said under this
general head as follows: Il have thus spoken of
the study of life histories to indicate that its
chlef junction lies in the field of systematic
botany; to suggest that it take into account de-
Veiopment at every period and of every organ,
ana so obtain mass of cumulative evidence
for safe generalization, and to urge upon those
not thoroughly equipped great caution in pub
Hcation."
III. THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATURAL SYSTEM.
The speaker spoke Of the necessity Of con-
structing natural system with easy advance
In the knowledge OF affinities, as a convenient
summary of information, a sort Of mile-post,
to tell OF progress and to direct future effort
NE concluding summary was as follows: The
points presented in this consideration of the
thlfo phase OF systematic botany are that the
last ana highest expression of systematic work
Is the construction of natural system based
upon the accumulations of those who collect
and describe. and those who study life histories;
that this work involves the completest COM
mand of literature and the highest powers of
generalization; that it is essential TO progress
Tor natural system to be attempted with every
advance III knowledge. and that all the known
facts OF affinity, thus brought within reach,
should be expressed in all sy ste matte literature
In conclusion, have but to say that have
attempted TO indicate the true relation which
exists among the different phases of systematic
botany; to point out an affinity which there is
danger OF ignoring, and to maintain that all
tnese departments of work, looking to the same
enc, are equally important, equally honorable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19
The various sections and their present officers

The various sections and their present officers
are as follows:
A. Mathematics and astronomy-vice presi
dent. T. w. Hyde, Cincinnati; secretary, E. D.
Preston, Washington, d. C.
T. Physies-vice president. F. T. Nipher. St
Louis; secretary. A. McFarlane, Austin, Tex.
&. Chemlstry-Vice president, r. c. Kedzie,
Agricultural College. Mich; secretary, T. Ii.
Norton. Cincinnati.
u. Mechanical science and engineering-Vice
president. Thomas GRAY, Terre Haute Ind
secretary, William Kent, New York
Il. Geology and geography-Vice president,
): j. Stevenson, New York; secretary, W. j.
McGee, Washington, d. C.
+. Biology-Vice President, j. NJ Coulter,
crawfordsviue, Ind; secretary, A. J. Cook,
Agricultural College. Mich.
Ii. Anthropology-vice president, Joseph
Washington. Il. C.
i. Economic science and statistics-yice
president, Edmund j. James, Philadelphia;
secretary, u. t. Fernow, Washington, d. G.
THE COUNCIL
All the details of business necessary to carry
on the association is attended to by body
known as the council, which prepares the pro-
grams, exercises a sort of censorship over the
papers. elects members and fellows and in fact
originates or supervises everything that comes
before the association. This council consists Of
the past presidents and the vice presidents Of
the last meeting, together with the officers of
the current meeting, with the addition of one
fellow elected from each section by ballot.
TIE PERMANENT SECRETARY.
The executive officer OF the council, and the
only permanent officer Of the association, is the
permanent secretary, who is elected for five
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19
Mechanical Science and Engineering.

At the Philadelphia meeting of the Associa-
ton for the Advancement of Science in 1884,
section d for mechanical science and engineer
ing was formed. Its scope is broad and its
field very important one, including, as it
does, mechanical science, civil and mechanical
engineering, electrical engineering and, per-
haps most important of ALL steam engineering
and its myriad kindred subjects. Though civil
engineering is included within its scope, this
science has never been very prominent in the
section. civil engineers not being very numcr-
GUS among its members A great deal of atten-
ton is being given by the section to steam and
electrical engineering matters, and the sessions
The VICE nresident of the associaf;on ant uh,
presides over section d, as it is identified on
the official program, is an interesting persons
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19


lege He was born of Scotch-American parents
at Delhi, n. Y, in 1923. His attainments he
owes to natural talents and an unusual amount
of pluck and determination while boy. With
but little early training at public school as a
boy he began his career at college with a cash
capital of S25. all but three shillings of which
was expended for books and a wash bowl
and pitcher for his room. BY teaching
he earned small sums of money which enabled
him to prosecute his studies. and he attained
his degree in 1877. Four years later he grad
ueted from the medical department of the Uni
versity of Michigan with high honors. He
practiced his profession in Michigan until the
outbreak Of the war in 1861 when he enlisted
as surgeon in .he twelfth Michigan infantry.
In 1868 he was eected to fill the chair Of
chemistry in the Michigan Agricultural Col
lege. which he nov fills. In 1864 he vas presi-
dent of the Michigan Medical Society, He was
member of the legislature in 1867 and in 1876
he was chairman Of the section on state medi-
cine and public hygiene of the American
Medical Association For number of years
he was member of the state board of health
and did valuable work on the committee inves-
tigating poisons, explosives, chemicals, acci-
dents and special sources of danger. His in
vestigations in chemistry in connection with
agriculture have been of great value.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

Is. Il. W.
l. One wears preliminary life in the woods,
simply to get acquainted, under the guidance
of n district officer. with the general scope of
the work in forest management
2. Studies for two and half years at forest
academy, and of law for two years at q uniyer-
sity.
s. Practical work for two years in the woods,
during which time, for nine months at least,
the duties of a foreman must lie performed.
After this time, during which several examine
tions must be passed, In which 10 show the
progress Of the aspirant for a position in the
service the young forester receives temporary
employment in assisting district officers in the
management OF their districts in making the
necessary surveys and Investigations for tho
revision Of the plans Of management
Mr.. Fernow has thus spent six or seven years
in the government forest service, besides serv-
ing In the Franco-German Wal. leaving the
army as commissioned lieutenant, when he en-
bsrked for the, United States. He found en-
ployment In this country rs a forest expert and
also as . consulting forest engineer When the
forestry congress was organized In 1882 he be-
came secretary Of that association and Resigned
after five years Of unremunerative labor.
In the fall Of 1885 the position as chief Of the
forestry division was offered TO him, and 60
cepted the following March.
Mr. Fernow is a fellow of the American Asso-
citation for the Advancement Of Science, life
member of the American Institute of Mining
Engineers. honorary member Of the Scotch
Arboricultural Association and the Pennsyl-
vania Forestry Association, and an active MEM
Der Of various scientific societies in this city
and elsewhere.
PRoF. JAMES AppnEss.
At the session Of the section this afternoon
there was present large number 70 listen -
the annual address of the chairman, Prof.
James His theme was THE American Farmes,
Coufin,.e,d On EicAfA pacs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

tors degree at the last mentioned in 1877.
Taught for swo years IN public school work and
for four more in State Normal Schoolin Illinois.
Was called to chair of public finance and adj
mnistration in the Wharton School Of Finance
and Economy, University of Pennsylvania. in
the fall of 1883, the only chair OF the kind IN
the United States. The practical direction q
this school was put in his Lands and 1t has at
tracted worldwide attention as the only insti-
tuition in the world which aims to give a prsc-
teal education of university grade for business
men. The school under Prot. James direction
has also become widely known as the nursery
of the political and social sciences. Beginning
eight years ago with one professor, the fac atty
now includes ten men instrucuing in history
and politics. Among them are such men as kobt
Ellis Thompson. John Bach McMaster, Simon
\. Patten, &c. Prof. James vas one Of the
founders of the American Economic Associa-
tion and for several years a vice president Of
that body. He lis also president Of the Aneri-
can Academy of Political and Social, Science,
the leading organization for the promotion %
those sciences in the world. Ii has now nearly
2, 500 members. including leading writers on
economics and politics III Europe and Asia, as
well in North and South America. Prof
James is also director of the American Social
Science Association. fellow of the American stat
istical Association. &c. lie was elected chairman
of the section for economies aud statistics
at the Indianapolis meeting of the American
Association for the Advancement Of Science.
He was chosen by reclamation in open meeting
of the general association. a rare event IN the
history OF this body. Prof. james is the author
of numerous manuscripts economical and
political subjects. He has written especially On
the economic aspects of railroad and canal
transportation, municipal administration
and on a wide range of educational questions.
Although called TO a professorship IN political
economy at Harvard and twice called 10 the
presidency OF large universities, Prof. James
has preferred to remain in Philadelphia lie
has recently been chosen president OF the
American Society for the Extension of UNI
versity Teaching. an organization designed to
aid in the great movement for popular educa-
ton, which involves the utilizing of college
and university faculties as itinersnt ministers
of instruction
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

York from 1871 to present; was aid on the Ohio
geological SURVEY in the coal region, 1871,
1872 and 1874; United States geologist in Colo
RADIO and New Mexico on explorations west of
one hundredth meridian. 1873 1874. 1873, 1879,
1850; geologist on second geological survey of
Pennsylvania in charge of southwestern coal
areas 1875 TO 1878 and 1881 and 1892: was one
of the founders Of the Geological Society of
America and its secretary during its first two
years: publications have been almost wholly
on geology and, with the exception of about
500 pages of brief memoirs are reports of
official surveys; is member of American Philo-
sophical Society, of the Imperial Society of
Naturalists at Moscow and correspondent of
the royal academies at Palermo, Padua and
Breslau, as well as of numerous other societies
in Europe and America
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

The section of physics was organized today,
Vice President J. F. E. Nipher of ST. Louis pre-
siding. Prof. Nipher has published many val
liable papers on physics. He is author Of
Theory Of Magnetic Movements" with an
appendix on the methods of least square He
was born in New York state in 1S47 In 1870 he
graduated from the State University of Iowa
and was for while assistant i'll physical science.
In 1874 he took the chair of physics at WASH
ington University, st. Louis. He organized
and for ten years maintained. independent OF
official support, the state weather service of
Missouri He conducted the magnetic survey
of Missouri from 1874 to 1888. Since 1854 he
has been president of the st. Louis Academy
OF Science.
The secretary Of this section, A. McFarlane.
of Austin. Tex, is the author of some valuable
works in physics. His first distinct in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

its first knowledge Of mathematics. In con-
clusion Prof Hyde said, referring particularly
to the future of algebra: 1--WE have now traced
the development of our subject from its earliest
beginning. then along the ancient reriod when
it was in the rhetorical stage, approaching at
intervals here and there tine syncophated, then
on to the revival of learning after the dark
ages. We have seen the comparatively rapid
progress through the syncophated stage to the
purely symbolical stage where it was at last in
a shape suitable for the astounding progress of
the last two hundred years. Finally, in the
present century, we have noted the approach
of multiple algebra from different and in
dependent sources, whose value il the glorious
future"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19
Economic Science and Statistics.

In its bearing on a great many of the import
ant and practical questions of the day, the sec
ton Of economic science and statistics attracts
agreat deal of the popular interest which ceniers
about the annual meeting Of the American Asso-
citation for the Advancement OF Science. The
character of the men connected with this Sec
ton and their able presentation Of the topics
which are discussed are features which serves
to give additional importancr 10 tie m,.efin,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

and fishes for Baird, Meek, Dali and Gill, in
the meantime applying himself to study. In
the spring Of 1872 he was appointed artist to
the Hayden survey and accompanied the ex-
petition TO the Yellowstone country. His at
tention was thus turned especially toward
geology and associated intimately with Hay
den, Meek and Marvine for three years His
proficiency in that branch became such that in
1875 he was assigned to duty as geologist In
charge of the survey Of the San Juan country.
His report for that year included the first de-
tailed account Of the remarkable architec-
tural remains of the cliff dwellers
In 1850 years vacation was spent IN Europe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

The secretary OF this
section, Prof. T. H. Nor
ton. is professor of chem
istry of the University of
Cincinnati. He is a native
of New York state, where
he was born in 1851.
After taking his degree
at Hamilton College in
'73 ne studied chemistry
in Europe, taking the
degree of Phi ID. from
the University of Heidel-
berg in rs. He was after
ward assistant in chemis-
try at the University of
Berlin, and from 1878 to
1888 was manager of the
chemical works in Paris.
In SO he returned to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

sufficient indication of
the interest taken in
those departments of
scientific work by the
members OF the associa-
tioh- Presiding over
their deliberations was
Prof. John James Steven
son Of New York city.
His career has been an
interesting one and is
thus succinctly set forth:
lie was born in New
York city October 10,
lSil. Was graduated al
the University OF tine
City of New York A. b.
in 1868 and Pm ID. in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19


where he passed his
youth and received his
education, graduating
from the University OF
Pennsylvania in 1882.
After this he went to
Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity for special study in
Psychology. He was
made a fellow in psy-
chology at Johns Hop
kins and took the bach
elor's degree in 1886.
Two years later he went
to the University Of
Wisconsin and since has
continuously occupied
the chair of experiment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

This IS the forty fourth year of the existence
OF the association under its present name but
the meeting IN Washing ton Is only the fortieth.
This discrepancy Is due TO the fact that the fif-
tenth meeting, which was appointed for April
IL, 1851, at Nashville, was postponed in conse-
quence Of the civil war and was not finally held
until 1850, when the association assembled in
Buffalo Two meetings each were held in the
Years 1850 and 1851 and none In 1852
THE OFFICERS.
The officers elected for the present meeting
are as follows: President. Albert b. Prescott.
Ann Arbor; permanent secretary, +. W. Put
nam, Cambridge; general secretary, Harry W.
Wiley, Washington; secretary of the council,
Amos W. Butler, BrookviiIe, Ind; treasurer.
ten VIM Lilly. MAuch Chunk, Pa
The association Is divided into eight sections.
covering the various departments of science,
each OF which meets separately and is presided
over by an officer having the rank of vice
preside Mt Of the association Each section per-
fects Its own organization by electing a fellow
TO represent 1t in the council a sectional COM
mittee OF three fellows, fellow or member 10
the nominating committee and n committee OF
three members or fellows to nominate officers
Of tie section for the next meeting. The pro-
Jeedings of the FIRST day are usually confined
r. organization and the delivery Of the vice
sgonlasatil addresses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

In its secretary the
section has in the person
of Mr.. bernhard T..
Fernow e man who 10
not only versatile. but
who is thoroughly
equipped in the science
TO which he has devoted
special attention He ID
the chief of the forestry
division in the Agricul-
tural Department and s
a Prussian by birth. Az
ter graduating from q
gymnasium he entered
the profession of for
estry, which in Prussia
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

field of intellectual en-
deavor was as a classical
student. A poor boy, his
talents attracted attention
to him and led to his being
given opportunities to ac-
quire an education. He
took to the classics and
while prosecuting his
studies labored as teacher
and became something of a
linguist. At eighteen he
took the bold step of going
to the University of Edin-
burgh without means, but
trusting to his capacity to
provide for himself by hard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

that Of chief chemist of
( b e Department o I
Agriculture, fora num-
Der Of years. He was
b orn in Jefferson
county, Ind, a n d
brought up on a farm.
He was educated at
Hanover College, Har-
ward University and the
University of Berlin.
At the opening of Pur-
due University q b Q
agricultural college Of
Indiana) in 1874, he
WAS made a professor
in that institution. lie
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

The secretary, Prof.
W. ]. MCGEE, is well
known in this city,
where he has spent a
number Of years and
where his home is To-
Gated. He was born
April II, 1853. near Far
ley, Dubuque county,
Iowa. His ancestors are
Scotch-Irish and Vir-
ginian. He received
only a common school
education, as, when a
youth, his health was
not good enough to
warrant undertaking a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

elected president of
Section A. Prof. HYDE
is known all over the
country as an ardent
and skillful follower of
the science of mathe-
mates. He is a tall.
large-framed man of
about forty-eight years.
deliberate in action and
language and, as his
manner and appearance
show, a man of studious
habits and IN NC b
thought. He was born
in Michigan and is an
ex-soldier. havingserved
three years in the army
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

young in years but old
in scientific research,
who brings to bear upon
the duties of his position
the enthusiasm which
has marked his career.
The vice president is
John NJ. Coulter, the
president of Indiana
University. He is the
eldest of the two sons of
Moses and Clara Coulter,
two Jealous Presbyterian
missionaries. He was
born November 20. 1851,
at NipOnn Cbip, JyLo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

forming valuable work,
was presided over to-
day by DIR. Il. c. kedzie
of the Agricultural Col
lege, Michigan. vice
president OF the as
sociation. DIR. kedzie
has attained eminence
as a chemist. deyoting
himself largely to chem
istry in connection with
agriculture. He is fore
most among scientific
investigators in agri-
culture, and he oc-
cupies the chair of
chemistry at the Michi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-19

years. This Office has been
filed since 1873 by Prof. F.
W. Putnam, to whose en-
ergy and good manage
ment the association owes
much Of its prosperous
growth. Prof. Frederic
Ward Putnam. permanent
secretary of the American
Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, is
professor of American
archaeology and ethnology
III Harvard University, and
is curator of the Peabody
Museum of American
oxoln,IA- a-l a4h-Nlo1-