, 1891-05-27
EXPENSIVE PATTERNS.
COLLECTIONS THAT MANUFACTURE
ING CONCERNS HOARD.


OF h large iron molders or machine
shops that nave been long il operation
presents an array of woodwork that has
cost a good deal of money. Take, for in
stance, the iron front Of a building. The
Various columns, panels, cornices, sills
8nd ornaments have all been made in
wood, which is used to mold the sand in
which the iron is cast.
Generally the cost of the patterns is
paid for on the first order. Subsequent
orders for castings Of the same patterns
are executed more cheaply because the
patterns are ready made. Sometimes the
foundry owns the patterns and supplies
duplicates to all customers, but in many
cases owners Of buildings prefer to own
their own patterns, so that no other
building may look like theirs.
The preservation and duplication Of
patterns is a feature and source Of great
profit in many manufacturing opera
tons. It is a characteristic Of all kinds
OF printing. The type founder brochures
matrices of various fonts Of type at great
cost, but having once secured his mold.
he can 20 on producing any number Of
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of the mold is the main cost, compared
with which the cost of metal and casting
is trifing. The same is true Of all pro-
cesses Of printing pictures,
The wood engraving, the photographic
stone, the steel plate, all cost much at
the outset, but, being once produced,
they may be duplicated by various pro-
cesses at comparatively trifing cost.
Thus a picture may be sold for a profit
at a penny, although 10 produce the first
one may have cost thousands of dollars.
GOVERNMENTAL PATTERNS.
The application of duplicating process
SEES to the building trade has worked an
industrial revolution. It true that one
result is to produce buildings much
alike. The designs for doors, windows,
stairways, stoops, v~estibules, towers,
locks, bolts, mantels, sideboards, pier
glasses, cornices, and, in fact, all parts
of a building are used over and over
again, and the cost OF building is there
fore much c~heapened. The fact is that
many parts of buildings may be pur-
chased ready made and in any desired
quantities, and buildings constructed Of
sue material are put up very cheaply.
But when new designs are needed, odd
shapes, fancy styles, novel ornamental
ton, the cost is greatly increased.
Before the war all the paper money in
the United States was printed by private
companies, who owned all the plates and
patterns. Even the United States gov
eminent did not own the plates from
which its notes were printed, and in one
famous case the counterfeiter, by subter-
fuge, procured from these private parties,
for a nominally honest purpose, the use
of the devices used in printing a United
States treasury note; and the devices
thus fraudulently obtained were actual
ly used to produce a spurious treasury
note, which was in many respects an ex-
act duplicate Of the original. That risk
led to the adoption Of a new plan by
which, when the government got any
notes printed, the contractors were com
PEELED TO surrender all the designs, pat.
terms, dies and plates used TO produce
the issue, so that they could not by any
possibility be used for any but legiti-
mate purposes.
Ultimately that led TO the establish
ment Of the bureau of engraving and
printing, and the government now CON
trolls all the patterns of its paper money
in the same way that it controls the dies
of its metal coinage. The expense of
steel engraving is 80 great that it is only
by duplicating and using the same de
sign again and again that it is made
profitable TO use such beautiful designs
as are used in commercial work, as notes,
bonds, bills of exchange, etc.
ABOUT DUPLICATES
The pattern room Of a great machine
shop or locomotive works or engine
builder contains the accumulation of
years OF improvement and invention.
As a machine is developed and changed
the patterns are altered and used over
and over again. To produce the patterns
new every time a new machine is wanted
would require great expense. A fire in
n pattern shop is therefore a great calam-
ity, for it destroys patterns that can
hardly be replaced.
1t often happens that one spoon OF a
fork Of an old set Is lost or stolen. II the
silversmith has preserved the die a new
spoon or fork may be made at trihing
cost But II a new die has to be cut, the
expense is very great.
There are a thousand and one ways OF
using the same pattern for duplication
in various branches of industry. The
most beautiful products of the sculptor's
art are duplicated in plaster. The mod
ern parlor stow is a marvel Of the use Of
models in castings.
Lots of things are stamped. All kinds
Of brass and tin ware-pots, pans ket-
ties, ash cans, walters, dishes and the
thousand articles Of domestic use that
are made from metals-go through the
stamping machine. The very best talent
is therefore used TO produce the original
patterns. Sometimes artists of very high
repute, who would be very much averse
TO have it known that they do purely
commercial work, are tempted to fur
nish designs or pictures for advertising
purposes, and occasionally they are so
good that their excellence betrays the
author.
Stealing patterns is one Of the unpun-
ished crimes Of the age. When a great
firm of American jewellers showed at the
Paris exposition an entirely novel set OF
jewelry made TO initiate the rarest and
most eIquisitely formed and colored or,
chids, the Frenchmen stole the idea al
once and had copies out in n few weeks.
New York Sun.
~ Could Move the World
If | had something to rest my lever on.
said Archimedes. LARGE bodies NOV,
or are moved slowly. But it is no impos