davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Peninsula enterprise. [volume] (Accomac, Va.) 1881-1965, 1891-08-08

The Senate Committee on criminal
expenses, of Virginia, in session in
the city OF Richmond, this week, say,
they have adopted a bill, which if
passed by the Legislature will save
the Commonwealth $50, 900 year.
Peninsula enterprise. [volume] (Accomac, Va.) 1881-1965, 1891-08-08

The value of the exports from New
port News to foreign countries dur
ing the month of July, 1891, amount
ed to $418,07A.
Peninsula enterprise. [volume] (Accomac, Va.) 1881-1965, 1891-08-08

The White Star steamer Majestic,
arriving at New York "Wednesday,
beat the best ocean record by 81 min
MteS.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
Doctors and Advertising.

Bitter complaint is heard from the medi
cal profession regarding the severity of the
unwritten law of professional etiquette.
1t is not that medical men are forbidden
TO advertise themselves, it is that they are
constantly under suspicion of advertising
themselves when they are really doing
nothing of the sort Lecturing is just
now the bone Of contention. If medical
man has the gift of public speaking ION
every conceivable topic" as somebody has
sneeringly put il, why cannot he be al
lowed to instruct and entertain his fel.
low creatures from a public platform;
And if the committee Of the literary and
scientific institute will print the name Of
CDR. Abernethy Ashley Cooper Jones" in
big type. with whole row of initials after
it, is it fair to make him responsible for
that?
A medical correspondent, who from OBJ
vious motives suppresses his name, con-
fesses to finding intense pleasure and
relaxation in addressing an intelligent au-
dience," but he had TO endure 1.-The darts of
SANDER" A friend of his, medical man
of similar ability and most excellent litera-
~ atts!nments, loved and respected by all
who come in contact with him, has the
fortune or misfortune to be one of our best
public speakers. He can make ten guineas
by one evening address, and earn as much
in an hour and hal as his detractors can
do in a week, but, owing to the "intolera-
bic priggish attitude" of his fellow prac
titioners, he is obliged even 10 cease his
gratuitOus efforts on behalf Of the church
es, chapuls and local charities. London
News
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
English Conservatism.

The careful and conservative spirit which
characteriZes so much of the work done in
England is shown in connection with the
recent splendid piece of work, the City and
South London railway While many of
the details of the line are carried out with
the perfection of modern electrical skill,
there are some points in connection with it
which are so much behind modern prog
ress as to appear in a measure inconsistent
with the enterprise which characterizes
the rest of the work. 1t appears that the
elevators leading to the underground sta
tons are operated by hydraulic power
There is good deal of dissatisfaction that
electricity has not been used for this pur-
pose. Nothing could be better adapted for
working lifts than motors, and the saving
in expense would have been considerable
Unless the elevators are balanced there
is plunger volume of high pressure water
wasted every time each hoist is useI
whereas if the motors were employed che
generator would need supply little more
than the power wasted in general friction.
Another fact which has been freely criti-
cised is the use of an air brake where cleo
trio power is available. 1t has been urged
that the block system arrangements, and
the cut off of the supply from a moving
train in case of necessity, are objections to
its use.
If these are obstacles they can be easily
overcome, and the special leads which sup
ply the carriage lamps could supply the
motive power for the brakes. 1t is argued
that this combination in the same plant of
hydraulic distribution. compressed air and
electric traction is a somewhat anomalous
one-New York Commercial Advertiser.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
A PERUVIAN RAILWAY.

Expensive to Run and Repair Because of
High Hills and Many Freshets.
The Oroya road is very remarkable
piece of engineering work. executed, per-
haps, not wisely but too well. The diff
culties surmounted are enormous. The
constructor, an American, Henry Meiggs,
used TO say, was told, at certain arduous
points, 1.-The line has to go there, and if
we can't find road for it we'll hang the
track from balloons" This remark illus
trates the boldness and almost reckless
ness with which the line has been built,
and even now, fine as the work is, 1t is in
constant danger of destruction in many
parts. Every year sections of the line,
bridges and viaducts are swept away by
floods and landslips which cannot be fore
seen.
A waterspout bursts on mountain peak,
an immense volume of water, mud and
powders dashes down, and half an hour
later all is calm again; but the railway
track has disappeared, or one of the
bridges will be found twisted into knot
half mile away from its proper place.
For this reason the line must always be
very expensive and difficult to keep in re-
pair. The working of it is also very ex-
pensive on account of the high price of
coal and the quantity wasted by the con-
tinuous firing required to force the train
up the steep gradients.
AS it is, the locomotives have % inch
cylinders, and the steam pressure all the
way has to be kept at 40 pounds to the
square inch. The maximum train is five
cars, weighing eight tons each and carry
ing ten tons of cargo; and in order to drag
this weight from Lima to Chicla the loco
motive burns seven tons of first class En-
glish coal. The maximum gradients are
per cent and the maximum curves 100 me-
tiers radius. This radius is found in all the
tunnels of which there are forty between
Lima and Chicla, the longest measuring
296 meters. The number of bridges is six
teen, the longest being the Verrugas via
duct. The total distance from Callao to
Chicla where the rails end, is S615 miles.
The Oroya line, ON which the Peruvian
loan in 1870 of IS, 900 sterling was ex-
pended was not finished for want of funds,
and the portion of it that was completed
has never paid. The original idea was to
carry the line to La Oroya, in the transan-
dine province of Junin, and the survey and
much of the earthwork and tunnels were
executed before the money gave out in
1873. The summit tunnel through the
Paso de Galera, between LOO and 1900
meters long, is open, and from the plains
it appears to be an interesting piece of
work, being on a vertical curve. with 31S
per cent. gradients on the Pacific slope of
the Cordillera, and just enough for drain
age on the Atlantic slope, where the line
runs for 615 kilometers with gradients of
from to per cent, and then for the rest
of the distance to La Oroya, 43 kilometers
over easy ground.
The summit tunnel of the Paso de Gal
era is the fifty-eighth from Lima; it is dis
tant from Ca!lao by the rails 104 miles,
and stands ct height of Asa meters, or
10, 700 feet above the level of the sea, thus
making the Oroya the highest of all the
projected transandine railways.
Child in Harper's.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
They Staid for breakfast.

An amusing story is told by the Nyack
) odrnal: An estimable young lady living
here has among her gentlemen friends a
frequent caller from the interior of the
county, who came down on Saturday TO
spend the evening with her. About 6
o'clock a Ryack gentleman came to the
lady's house, also to spend the evening
with her. The gentlemen were introduced
TO each other and soon became well &C
quainted When the hours grew late each
gentleman looked anxiously to see if the
other was going TO leave, but both seemed
inclined to remain. The lady, full of mis-
chief evidently enjoyed the situation, and
when at o'clock on Sunday morning she
laughingiy explained the matter TO her
mother that lady insisted on both gentle
men staying to breakfast. The invitation
was accepted, and the callers went away at
G O'Clock in the morning together
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13

Marie Antoinetteh had as much influence
upon the fashions Of her time as any
woman who ever lived. When she entered
Paris II I779 she waved her hand 20 a mil
hner-one Nile EBertin-who made her fort
une by It This queen was one day max
ing her toilet. when she discovered some
pescock's feathers which had been placed
on her dressing table By accident Ne
chanicaily she picked one mp and put IL IN
her hair. The effect was 40 pleasing that
she added another. She called for more,
and on leaving her dressing roor aston
ished every one by the originality % her
head dress. The king sdmired, al EUROPE
applauded. and thus the custom Of wearing
feathers spread
In I775 she was one 6ay dressed in = ma
terial Of brown lUstrfzz, when the king 90
served, in happy moment. that il looked
70 him like fezs- Immediately the color
Of Eeas became fashionable, and such was
the rage that the different shades between
old and young feas were separated, and the
whole gamut Of fesdorn was run Finally
the vendors OF silks presented n new set Of
samples 20 the queen, Of gray color, and
the king this tine remarked Of che that
il was the color Of the queens hair. Tbs
color quickly superseded all othe-z, and In
order 10 get the sxsct shade some q hcr
rrzies-v's hair was obtained through brsb-
cry and sent 20 Go5ciias. Lyons and ether
places where the sIIks were uaA6e--Closk
aEd silt Review.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
The Camera af SchnnI

A correspondent of The St. James Gazette
IS responsible for the following story: 4
novel use has been found for the instanta-
neous detective camera. 1t seems that at
one of the large public schools the rule is
that when form master is under the ne
cessity of Gaming boy he must not lift the
cane higher than his own shoulder Com
plants were made that one of the masters
habitually disregarded the rule; but as this
was invariably denied by the castigator
himself one of the young rascals deter
mined to bring him to book.
Accordingly 2 detective camera was pro-
duced at the moment of punishment, the
masters attention being otherwise occu-
pied, and a proof struck off exhibiting,
without possibility of doubt, the cane ele,
waited beyond regulation point. The head
master, to whom the photograph was
shown, with a strict sense of justice con.
demned his subordinate, but at the same
time promptly gave the scholar 400 lines
for playing in class"
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13

WHY THERE rs CONFUSION on TIE FLOOR.
ing twenty-four states in all, and house
of PIP members at a ratio of 10000 New
York had in that decade the same number
'of representatives it has now. "a: Pennsyl-
vania had 26; while Virginia, unable to
stand the pace, had dropped to third place
with - and Ohio doomed up from the
other side of the Alleghanies as the fourth
state of the Union, having Il members to
but 10 for Massachusetts, and for the first
time showing the country the grest posi-
bilities of political empire in the west.
No new states were admitted between
1920 and 1880, and under the census of the
latter year the ratio was fixed at Il, 200,
and the number of representatives was in
creased TO 240 New York was given forty
members, a greater number than she has
had since, and Pennsylvania had the same
number she now has, twenty-eight. Vir-
ginia still managed to hold third place
with twenty-one, but was hard pressed by
the young giant from over the mountains,
Ohio having nineteen. and even Kentucky
and Tennessee passing old Massachusetts,
bay in the race.
The sixth census, taken in 1910. showed
such large increase in population that
the statesmen of the day became alarmed
Al the growth Of the house Of representa-
yves and for the first and only time made
that body smaller than it had been in the
previous decade, dropping the total mum
Ter Of mem bers from 24o to 22S. One OF the
oihcultes in the way Of increasing the
number OF members was the small size OF
the oid hall of representatives. now Statu-
airy hall, which was crowded to its utmost
capacity ALREADY there had been talk of
enlarging the Capitol by the erection OF
new wings, and it was deemed advisable TO
wait for this improvement before adding
70 the membership Two neE states r.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
THE OLD KITCHEN.

Far back in my youth my thoughts have been
cast,
To the horse where the hours Of my childhood
were passed.
loved all its rooms to the pantry and hall
But that blessed old kitchen was dearer than al.
Its chairs and its table, none brighter could be-
And all its surroundings were sacred 70 me-
To the nail in the ceiling the latch on the door,
And loved every crack in the old kitchen floor
The grand old fireplace with its mouth high and
wide,
The old fashioned oven that stood by its side,
Out of which SO often came pudding and pies
That fairly bewildered and dazzled our eyes.
And then, too. st. Nicholas slyly and STILL
Came down every Christmas our stockings to fill
But the dearest OF memories I've laid up in store
Is the mother who trod on the old kitchen floor
Day in and day cut, from morning till night
Her footsteps were busy, her heart always light,
For it seemed to me then she knew not care,
The smile was gentle her face used TO wear.
remember so plainly what joy filled our eyes
When she told US the stories that children so
prize.
They were new every night, though we'd hearl
them before
From her lips at the wheel on the old kitchen
floor.
Tonight those old visions come back at their win,
But D. wheel and its music forever are still
The S:d is broken, the wheel laid away,
And the fingers that turned it lie in the cold clay.
The hearthstone so sacred IS just as twas then,
And the voices Of children ring out there again.
The sun through tbs window looks in as Of yore,
But strange feet are now heard on the old kitchen
floor.
-Housekeeper.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
The OTHER SIDE.
Some of the Many Industries Which Men
Have Taken Away from Women.

Some of the Many Industries Which Men
Have Taken Away from Women.
The whole female sex have been deprived
of the employments by which they once
earned money, and they are simply COM
PEELED to crowd into the poorest paid
places now claimed by men. A hundred
years ago men would have scorned to do
the baking. and the brewing, and the can
die making for communities. Ii was the
work which women had done from time
jmmemorial, and as it was hard work they
were cheerfully allowed to have the sole
right to it. In our grandmothers' day wo-
men were the butter and cheese makers Of
the world, they were the jam and pickle
and candy makers too, and the spinning,
and the weaving, and the dyeing were done
by them.
The men would have resented any
prophecy that they would take all these
industries from women, but they have.
The butter and cheese making of this
country. and of all countries, remained in
women's hands until machinery was in
vented, and then the work became i'm
portant enough for men to undertake il.
What man would have Ised the spindle
and the distafT, Now he Cheerfully spins
and weaves by machinery and calls him
self manufacturer.
Women were once the stocking knitters
of the world, and the industry supported
thousands; now knitting is a lost art,
while machinery turns out the hosiery
Of civilized countries. 1t is civilization
that has caused women to be helpless and
dependent, and, where the strain is great
est, 10 be desperate What wonder is it
that they clamor for the places held by
men when men have taken their employ
ment away from thems How long ago has
it been since women nodded all the can
dies useds
How many decades since they were the
exclusive lace makers and embroiderers'
Now men are lace manufacturers, and
women are robbed Of their best means Of
livelihood. Women once did all the work
Of dry sslters, of perfume making, of a
dozen other callings now closed 70 them.
a hundred years ago women were the only
nurses and midwives in tbs world, and
men have crowded them out of these pecu-
hsrly feminine employments, and which
they have not flied as satisfactorily
Laura c. Holloway in brakes Magazine.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13

kansas and Michigan, came in during this
decade, and the most striking change In
the relative rank of states was the passing
Of Virginia by Ohio and the eclipse OF
Massachusetts, by Tennessee.
Between 1S40 and 1850 five new states,
Florida, Iowa, Texas, Wisconsin and Cali
fornia, came into the Union, and in order
to keep the membership of the house down
again the ratio of representation was
moved up from 10000 to $4,000. This
gave a house of 234 members, still six short
of the membership Of 1880. New York's
representation was reduced to 80, and Penn
sylvenias to %.
1t was during this decade, only forty
years ago, that the great region between
the Mississippi and the Pacific began to
show itself in congress. Between 1880 and
1860 giant strides were made by the incipi-
ent commonwealth of this part of the
country, and before Sumter was fired on
Minnesota, Oregon and Kansas had been
admitted. Under the census Of 1866 the
ratio of 1868 was adopted. by which the
house was restored to its 1880 membership
of 240, with one added for good measure;
but none of the eastern states regalned
their former number of representatives.
New York indeed dropped back to 81, Penn
sylvania to "a, and Virginia to IL, while
Ohio came toward the front with 10, and
even Illinois with IA passed both Massa-
chusettS and Virginia.
About 1862 the house of representatives
took possession Of its new hall, the one
now occupied, and the ratio of repre-
sentation was kept at such a low
figure that the number of members
jumped to 293. But one new state, West
Virginia, was about that time admitted,
and Illinois had moved up so that it was
only one member behind Ohio, and Mis-
souri, had taken fifth place, while several
other western states had passed Virginia
and Massachusetts,.
The census of 1870 brought great changes
West Virginia, Nevada and Nebraska
had been admitted, and the population
had increased 100000, so congress re-
tanned the number of representatives very
nearly, and consequently increased the
ratio.
Under the census of 1880 the ratio of
representation was advanced from lbs, 900
to 152, 900, and the number of representa-
tives was increased to 325. During the last
decade the two Dakotas, Montana, Wash
ington, Idahe and Wyoming have been adj
mitted to the Union, and now the ratio is
advanced to $4,000, and the number of
representatives to 356 In 100 years the
ratio of representation has been multiplied
more than five times, so that congress
man now has five times The number Of con-
his grandfather had, II his
great-grandfather was in one OF the early
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
OnicElv Ppnnl2r.

In the book entitled Famous English
Authors of the Nineteenth Century"
Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton gives some facts in
regard to the instant popularity Of the
poem "Marmion," by Sir Walter Scott.
In less than month after 'Marmion"
was published the first edition of 1900
copies was sold 1t went rapidly through
many editions. The people read and re-
read it. The following story told by Hut
ton is not at all improbable:
Two strangers met on dark night in
London. Both were repeating the last
lines of the account of FlOdden Field.
One man exclaimed Charge, Chester,
chsrgew when suddenly reply came
out of the darkness ION, Stanley, on
whereupon they finished the death of
Marmion between them. took of their hats
to each other, and parted laughing.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13
OLIVER BROS,
DEALERS IN
LUMBER.
WICHITA. KANSAS.


In the course of my sauDterings and
crossings the names of islands along the
Maine coast impressed me frequently with
their significance. There are, for instance,
several Brown Cows grazing on the ocean
field, the islands bearing, especially at a
distance, a resemblance 20 the esteemed
contemporary which our milkmen are sup
posed TO see daily. More than once, deadly
looking lodges / found were called The
Graves. On one Of these wreck occurred
within few years.
The Porcupines at Bar Harbor are fam
iliar and felicitously named islands. the
Bald Porcupine being able 70 live up 70 its
name without any difficulty. Islands and
lodges at another point bear the uncODven-
tionAl titles Of the Unbelisvers and the
Hypocrites. Ihsve not been able 70 trace
the origin Of the former name, but pre-
sumo the HypOcrites may Dc 30 called
from the fact that at high tide they are
able 70 conceal their true and dangerous
character -Chrtstian Union
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-01-13

federal congresses, and yet the total num-
Der of representatives is three and one-half
times greater.
When the present hall of the house of
representatives was constructed the wise
men said it would answer all requirements
made upon it for two centuries. Yet it is
now much crowded. Two views are held
as to the best future policy. One is that
constituencies are becoming too large, and
the ratio of representation must not be in
creased, so that the number of congress
men may increase as the country gains
population. Should this course be adopted,
the house twenty or thirty years hence
will consist Of 500 or more members, and
will be so large and unwieldy a body that
its methods will have to be changed radi-
cally. Those who advocate enlargement
of the house say the number of constit-
uents is already so great that the member
who attends carefully to their wants is
nothing but an agent or department at
torney for his people, and that our house
of representatives is the smallest in the
world in proportion to the number of in
habitants represented.
Among those who take the other view,
and hold that the house is already un-
wieldy, is the veteran Judge Holman, of In
diana. Mr.. Holman is one of three or four
men now in congress who can remember
when the members of the house sat on
benches, and no desks were used in the
hall. That was in 1859 or $780, when the
present hall was first used. In the rear OF
the benches large tables were placed for
the accommodation of members who de-
sired to write letters, and the business of
those who occupied the benches was to
speak or listen.
Judge Holman's opinion is that the
house will very soon find it necessary TO
return to the old benches, aud abolish the
desks at which members now attend to
their correspondence, address books and
maps, and add to the hubbub In a thousand
ways, so that even in its calmest moments
the hall is filled with roar in which weak
voiced men are at terrible disadvantage
With the desks abolished the members
could be seated much nearer the speaker
than they now are, aud with the improved
order business could be transacted much
more speedily.
Judge Holman says every member has
a committee room with a table and drawer
in which to keep his papers, and that the
desks now used are an abomination and a
harm to the public business He recalls
that in the old days the little drawers un-
der the benches were largely used as re-
ceptacles for pistols and other weapons.
and says more than one member, among
them Gen Singleton, of Mississippi, came
into the house every morning and depos-
tied his revolver in the drawer before him
ROBERT GRAVES