New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-06


period of forty-three years-no act or word on the
part of either Government ever impeached the
full validity of the treaty, as il was understood
both by Mr.. Adams and by Baron Iuyl at the
time IL was formally proclaimed.
While these important matters were transporting
in Washington, negotiations between Russia and
England lending in the treaty OF 1871 were IN
progress in st. Petersburg. The INSTRUCTIONS 10
Baron Tuyl concerning the Russian-Amerlcan
treaty were fully reflected in the care with which
the Ang Russian treaty was constructed, a iaes
to which | have already adverted LII iuh Ihere
was, indeed, possibility that the true meaning
of the treaty with the United States might lie
misunderstood and it was therefore the evident
purpose of the Russian Government to make the
treaty with England 80 plain and so clear as 10 eays
no room for doubt and 10 baltic all attempts az
INSTRUMENTATION The Government OF the United
States finds the full advantage to 1t Ia the caution
taken by Russia in 1929 and can therefore quote
the Anglo-Russian treaty, with the utmost con-
fdence that its meaning cannot be changed from
that clear, unmistakable text, which, throughout
all the articles, sustalns the American contention
The explanatory note" filed with tins GOy-
eminent by Baron Tuyl is 50 plain in its text
that after the lapse OF siXty-slA years the eAacs
meaning can neither be Inexperienced nor mis-
represented. 1t draws the distinction between
the Pacific Ocean and the waters now known as
the Behrng Sea particularly and SO perspcn:
ously that no answer can he made to It, IL VIII
hear the closest ANALYSIS in every particular.
:" IL is not the intention Of Russia TO impede the
free navigation of the Pacific Ocean" his frank
and explicit statement shows WIN what entle
good faith Russia had withdrawn, in both treaties.
the offensive Ukase of Alexander. SO far as the
Pacific Ocean was made subject to IT, Another
avowal is equally explicit VIZ, tnaI oe o"ass
50 degrees 80 minutes Of north latitude lthae
is down to 80 degrees 80 minutes the explanatory
note from sGfa 70 excen,ej from on the
liberty OF hunting, fishing, and commerH
stipulated in favor of citizens OF ths
United States for Ten years: m dne sgDia,
can't In connection with the pending discussion.
namely that the coasts of Siberia are washed ny
the Sea Of Okhotsk. the sea Of hamscpatSs ana
Ocean mentioned IN the first article OF the con-
vention Of April BIZ, 1924 The Aieutan
Islands are washed by the sea Oh sed 1 a
contradistincti0n 10 South Sea, or racine Oceah'
The liberty of hunting, fishing and commetes
mentioned in the treaties was tnereiore roh.'eu
70 the coast Of the Pacific Ocean south OF ~
degrees 80 minutes, both to the United States ana
treat Britain. 1t must certainly he apparent now
TO Lord Salisbury that Russia never ln'enaed 20
include the Behring Sea in the phrase racine
Ocean. The American argument on that dues,,
ton has been signally vindicated by the opiciai
declaration of the Russian Government 49,,
In addition 10 the foregoing. Russia cialmel
jurisdiction of two marine leagues from the shofs
In the Pacific Ocean. point not hnaiiy lns,S,ea
upon in either treaty Inc pfo.ocois, ,e ~.
two marine leagues but the United States was not
and after the confession was made TO the Chitea
States Mr. G. Canning insisted upon its being made
In the Interview between the American Secro'
tary of State and the Russian Minister, IN Decem
her 1924 it is worth noting that MI, Adamg ~
lieved that the application made by Baron iuyS
had its origin in the apprehension OF tne .ouis
of Russia which had been caused Dy an an tef h
not verv friendly 10 the good understanding De
tween the United States and Russia. l presume
no one need pc told that the reference mere manc
by Mr. Adams was 10 the HoVer nm r;, Ts Gov.
Rritain that the obvioIs effort OF the bri,lsn gov
arnmant AZ that time was designed to make III cer-
tain that the United States should not nave !ne
power in the waters and on tne SnoIes VI I'D mn
Col
donh,edly been even both 10 the Unlted ota'e'
and Great Britain by the treaties ,s.s,. .n,,,.
H. il 70 be remembered that Mr. ADAMS entire
orgnment was TO quiet Baron Tuyl with the assuI-
anee that the treaty already negotiated wac, ~
effect lust what the Russian uoverhnenI ueoti
il 10 be by the incorporation Of the eAplaha'VV,s
note of which Baron Tuyl was the bearer, III.
Adams was not man to seize an ad'ahtise mcict!
hv cunning construction OF language whlch nen0
ba,a two meanings He determined ~ re-
r,ova the hesitation and dlstrust entertained I.'
tho moment by Russia. lie went 50 lar. nlueou
as TO give an assurance thai Amercal SLIPS ST.
NOT on above 81 degrees, north latitude 'Slth"'
and he did not want the text OF the treaty 80
changed as to mention the facts contained III tLe
explanatory note, because, speaking oil the HUNTERS
ond the fishermen, il " was wlsest not TO put su'h
II is still further noticeable that Mr.. Adams. IN
his sententious EXPRESSION sp0Ae o. te 49,
his interview with Baron Iuyl as the northwest
coast convention This closely descriptive phrase
was enough TO satisfy Baron Iuyl that MI ADAMS
had not tai ken a false view of the tre limits OF the
treaty and had not attempted to extend the PRIV
Ices granted TO the United States single inch
beyond their plain and honorable intent; NADIA he
The three most confident assertions maze py
Lord Salisbury, and regarded by HIM as ul-
answcrable are in his own language, the ioiIo"-
ing: , -, .., =. d,oi, ory mart
NJ tho Russian claim asserted by the Ukase OF 1871
of a maritime jurisdiction and exclusive right OF
fishing throughout the whole extent of that claim'
from Rehring Straits to the iifty-trst parallel.
~ That the convention of $50 was regarded
on both sides as remuneration on TIE par' u
Russia of that claim in its entlrrty.
t3 That though Behring Straits were known
and specifically provided for, Behring Sea was not
known by that name, but was regarded as part
Of the Pacific Ocean
The explanatory note of the Russian Govern-
ment disprov and denies in detail these three
assertions of Lord Salisbury. ] think ihey ar, are
completely disproved by the facts recited III tAis
dispatch, but the explanatory note Is q speclho
contradiction OF each one OF them
The Enclosures" which accompanied Lord SAB
isbury's dispatch, and which are quoted 10
strengthen his arguments, seem 70 me 10 sustain,
in n remarkable manner. the position OF the United
States. The first ncloSnre IS dlSpa'cn i M9n
Lord Londonderry Count lieven, Russian MIN
lister at London dated Foreign Office: January Is,
Is2e The first paragraph Of this dispatch is -
follows:
The undersigned has the honor to acknowledge tbs
note addressed TO him by Baron de Ncola OF the 18th
of september last covering copy OF lkiSe Issued
by GS dat" an September ISL for various purposes
therein forth, especially connected with the tern,
america bordering on the Pacific Ocean and the
merce and navigation of His Imperial Maiesty's sub
jects in the seas adjacent thereto.
1t is altogether apparent that this dispatch
is limited to the Withdrawal OF the provisions u
the Ukase issued by The Emperor Alexander, es-
pecially connected with the territorial rights on
the northwest coast bordering on the Pacific
Ocean Evidently Lord Londonderry makes no
reference direct or indirect, 20 the behring Sea-
The whole scope Of his contention as defined by
himself. lies outside OF the held of the present
disnute between the British and American Cow
ernments This Government heartily agrees with
Lord Londonderry's form of stating tue question.
The Duke OF Wellington was Engands repre-
sentative in. the Congress OF verona, Tor which
nIaco he set out in the autumn of 1922. His IN.
structions from Mr.. &. Canning British Secretary
of Foreign Affairs. followed the precise line il'
dicated by Lord Londonderry in the dlspa'cn