The Columbia herald. [volume] (Columbia, Tenn.) 18??-1935, 1891-01-16
STOCK. FARM AND GARDEN.

STOCK, FARM AND GARDEN.
Have the garden made in the form
of a parallelot IN /; it saves so per cent
IL YOU are cultivating it by horse
power, in time and labor.
Tn setting fence posts they should
he well banked up, so that the water
will run away from them. other,
wise the alter will settle around
them, causing decay and the break
ing of, even with the GROUND, Whlcn
we see so commonly in fences not yet
old.
When young pigs have learned to
eat use care to prevent overlooking
Always feed rich, concentrated toods
with Caution. Such foods had much
better be given to the fattening AMI
mails, giving the pigs only cooling
laxative rations. Soaked oats Is good
to begin on, and better than too much
light slop, as the latter has a ten,
dsncy to make them "pot-oelI'
Keep them In gooi form while grow,
Ing. and it will be easier to round
them up in 90 ID shape at the END.
At the last Illinois Dairy Fair the
butter prize was taken by butter
made from grade stock that ran In the
stalk-field every cay last winter, were
fed clover hay apd ear corn, with the
milk set in open pans. IhlS scoreu
94I5 points against 90 points Tor the
connecting product of thoroughbred
,Ve. In butter-makiug it is some
times more in the dairyiuan than IN
stock or in Improved methods.
Cleanliness and common sense are
two of the important factors.
It is the practice with some farmers
to allow their hay stack aud second
crop clover after threshing the seeu
from it to rot down before applying
il to the land. Unless there Is some
thing gained by having used 1T as an
absorbent in the barnyard or stables,
this a positive loss of large portion
of its value. One half the value to be
deprived from applying such mate
rial to the soil is in the mechanical
action and this is only to be had by
turning under and allowing 1T to de-
compose in the ground.
4 uniform temperature and per-
fectIy pure air are necessities in the
y
expense to procure these. The best
method and one in use in some large
establishments, is to lay an under
ground pipe of six inch tile a few
hundred feet from the dairy outward
and several feet below the surface
This is open at both ends, where blow
ers are placed which turn with the
wind. The air is cooled while pass
ing through the subterranean pipe
to about 30 degrees, which is the
proper temperature.
A liberal supply of nitrogen is es-
sential to the full completion OF 1
plant and to ito economic usefulness
whether for forage, fruit, seed oil
fiber. How to supply this precious
and costly element, and how to pre-
serve aud economic what there is o.
it in the soil, has long been leading
question for study among the agri
cultural scientists. 1t seems to b(
well proved that the leguminose (tht
bearing family of plants, as peas
beans, clover, alfalfa, &c have power
10 absorb nitrogen from the air, and
this accounts for the fuller growth o.
cereals which follow them in fielC
rotation.
4 broad and generally safe rule in
transplanting is that any tree without
foliage may be safely moved. Leave:
are wonderfully absorbent, anC
should a tree in full foliage be trans
planted they will quickly consume
all the moisture ii the tissues, chu5-
ing the bark and the young wood t
shrink. The rapid eyaporat l which
occurs at such times, before new
feeders have formed and taken hole
upon the soil, will destroy any tree
y deciduous tree may be safely re
moved in summer, provided every
leaf, and the young, uuripened wooo
as well, be taken Oft. A specimen
thus treated will quickly recover, anC
in future growth be in no w"y behinC
one transplanted in a state of rest.
Every farmer should have suitable
cover, not only for his stock in win
ter, but for every utensil. Rain and
rust aud expo ure to all sorts OF
weather will wear out tools and ma
chinery faster than exposure in the
field. AS soon as through with each
piece for the season it should be haul
ed to cover and put away in such con-
ditiOn that it will come out in perfect
order in the spring. Some farmers
seem to think that because they can
not have a fine barn nor nicely built
sheds it is of no use to try ana care
for the tools. This is the greatest
possible mistake, rs by taking care in
thee small matters the good barn
and other good things will be arrived
at in due time. AnV kind of shed
that will keep out the sun and the
rain will do to keep the house tools in,
If it is only a slight frame work,
matched with straw.
An orchard should not be planted
on i'll prepared soil, any more than a
wheat or a corn crop. The ground Sc
Iected should IN the first place, have
drainage, natural, if possible, but, if
not, then by tile, well aud deeply
laid, for the trees will not thrive il
their roots are continually water-log-
gel. The ground should be well fer
tilted, for i'm the initial stages of
growth the young roots will need
every aid that can be given them in
the way of readily available plant
food, so that they may make Il good
start 1t is an axiom that a tree well
started is half grown. The ground
should be plOwed as deeply as its ma
ture will admit, and when there is a
retentive subsOil subsOil plow may
be used to advantage. Some seem to
think it not necessary to prepare the
entire surface of the soil, but that 1t
will suffice merely to dig hole and
set the trees in it. The objection to
this is, first, that If the subsOil is at
all retentive, this merely makes a
point for the collection of all excess
sive; and, secoESL shat by preparing
the whole surface it is put in the best
shape for the collection aud retention
of plant food.
We have yet much to learn about
wheat growing. Under our methC DIS,
if we take off three or four crops with
out mauuring, the product decreases
at once. On the other hand, Sir j.
b. Lawes has grown wheat for 40 years
or more consecutively on one plat of
ground without manure, aud it shows
no exhaustion. Cultivation has there
been made to take the place of fertil-
izing, and, apparently, with good
success. Our large wheat growers
aIe slow to adopt that plan, prefer
ing (when they do any thing) the sys-
tenn of leaving a portion OF the land
idle each year for self-recuperation.
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