davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

cessary for maintaining and fostering man.
ufacturing interests. Tho city aboundD In
beautiful parks and handsome residences,
hesltLy. The Roanoke Southern rsiirosd.
now approaching completion, Will be AM
other invaluable feeder 20 the city. Al.
ready the railroad trafho Is something
enormous.
F1oN noAxoxH 10 Bh1sroL.
Seven miles from Roanoke b the onee
staid old Salem, now the so-ahead and
rushing Salem. II IL In the heart of The
iron district, and In and around u manu-
factories Of all sorts are springing up. Eor
tho year 1880 u supplemental IL already
establ1shct industries WITH . wagon-woFk9
tyo t chair-factorlss. : sAsh-, door. and
and hrerbSiok works, and had under -.
structiou one blaet-furnace Of 100 ton6 -
pacity, 3 at41nery. : woolleu-miu, on tGo-lH&
tory, another brick fActogy. end Q olotA ~,
fnesoIy. Future industries axo 3 o16Sk
plant, oilk-fActoyy. ca1pe>-miu. ( 80,
factory, end horseshoe- factory. a. -
tho seat of Roanoke College, 3 nour11k -
educational institution. and heFem ~ Eo5s
pidly. In the town there h 8 euo1 koiSx
Lake Spring hotel Il open dSriSS u
warm noyths, and apothss ho2SI r. ~
70 b nu1eted \ run by Dof1 l'5n6 r. -
With it, hcnroFe uineG. an6r - -
With ~ quarry, ~ i1on.U16fS' -
vile Nth tes tro4 depom1o, "a a.
With T. hme dlns. bstnS5 onolc (<ei
Sosl:Ik S ke'iiss6 isssIs g -! -
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25
ANOTHER MAP STUDY.
A Glance at the Towns and Industries on
the System.

A study of the map of the Norfolk and
Western system, which is presented in this
issue. will prove both interesting and in
structive, and bear out the contentious
that the company is truly town-builder,
and that its policy is In the strictest sense
OF the phrase, "A policy of internal i'm
provement."
Let US 90 back to Norfolk. This is one
of the oldest settlements in Virginia, and
has always enjoyed gratifying measure OF
prosperity, but none the less q new epoch
opened up for it when the Norfolk and
Western put its shoulder TO the wheel OF
its commerce and manufactures. AS ma
tural port it needs no description. Its ad-
vantages are emphasized by everything
that goes to make q port, 1t being only
thirty miles by water from the Atlantic
Ocean through Chesapeake bay and Hamp-
ton Roads, which latter affords the safest
anchorage on the Atlantic Coast.
All lines of trade, wholesale and retail L.
are well represented in Norfolk both IN
the substantial and energetic character of
the men conducting them and the capital
employed, but the greatest and most con-
spicuous articles of trade are coal. lum-
Der, oysters. early vegetables. and cotton.
In addition to the local coal trade or the
CITY, which is estimated at over 81, 900 tons
annually, IlRuL dt 1NOilOAh aO tnV So"
Iambert's Point ooal-piers, whore the Nor
folk and Western trains are constantly de-
posting their burdens from the Poca-
hontas Flat Top coal region for ship
ment to all parts of the world. There
are accommodations for steamships of
the largest draft and though loading
is carried on day and night it Is a COM
mon thing to see fleets of vessels wait
ing for cargoes and the company Is con-
stantly increasing its shipping facilities.
Last year it doubled its storage, capacity.
The extent of the tonnage may be under
stood from the coal-shipment figures given
in the opening chapter OF this article.
THE LUMBER BUSINESS.
Much of the country Immediately ad-
iacent TO Norfolk is heavily timbered with
southern pine, oak, ash, poplar. maple,
chestnut, gum, and other woods. which,
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

sion going on in the direction of
Norton. the junction with the Louis-
vile and Nashville. From Eikhorn
the limo is being pushed across West Vir-
GINA to the Ohto and Its proposed West
ern terminus, Ironton, whore 10 will con-
meet through Columbus with Chicago
UNSURPASSED wrrDyEss,
The traveller has barely left Radford be-
tore no enters into country of unsur-
passed wildness and rugged beauty which
would seem veritable inooqn,so and be-
yond the pale of civilization but for the
scream OF the locomotive whistle and tho
stoppages at the towns. A glance at the
map OF this country will show that the
New-kiver division goes into the very
heart of the celebrated Pocahontas Flat
Top coal deposits, while its projection to
the Ohio bisects tho immense coal mea-
sures of Logan, Martin. and Wayne coun-
ties, West Virginia; and that the Clinch-
Valley division skirts coal area into
which hundreds of spurs must spring from
the main arm.
At Pulaski, sl6 miles from Norfolk, di-
yerges another and most important branch
OF the Norfolk and Western railroad, the
building OF which was begun in 1888, a
few months after the commencement of
the New-River division. The important
branch referred to Is the Cripple-Creek OK.
tension, and is the outlet of the great
Crlpple-C Creek mineral section, with its in
exhaustible deposits of iron, zinc, and
lead ores. A few miles from Pulaski this
division also strikes New river, that
widest. and most varying of steams,
and the whole course of the road
is through perpetual surprises Of
romantic scenery. From the central
branch spring numerous short lines up the
small valleys to the ore-beds, and from
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

been extensively worked and out-crops or
various portions of the property indicate
unerringly tremendous development.
The Betha zinc-mines are in the same
county and have been constant deyeiop-
ment, and these two properties are the
centres of widespread indications or tho
existence of zinc and lead ores IN large
quantities and of high grade, The ex-
tension Of the Cripple Creek division from
Gossan. which is nesr the centre OF the I'M
mense deposits OF Gossan ores, 20 meet
the Cape Fear and Yadkin. Valley road 4, is
through the copper region OK Carroii
county. which was another source of in
valuable supply to the Confederate
Government.
THE sALr-wogKs.
Still another great dependency OF the
Confederate Government were the Salt
Works st Saltville, which are connected
with the main line of the Norfolk and
Western bv o short spur running from
Emory. For years some 10000 tons Of fine
salt have been shipped from Saltville an
nually to the markets of the South, and
steps for large increase in product are IN
progress. Before the middle OF this year
It is expected that large soda-ash-works
will be in operation. All the materials are
at Saltville for obtaining this product at
the minimum cost. The deposits OF gyp-
sum rock at Saltville and running into
Smyth county, are inexhaustible. and are
largely shipped for the manufacture OF fer
tilizers and as ground plaster for grass
lands.
Tin-ore is found on Irish creek near
Vesuyius station, on the Shenandoah
Valley division of the system, and near
Buena Vista. and the other minerals men,
toned are at various locations.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25
PocAHoNTAs FLAT TOP REGION.
It's History and Its Development and Its
Product.

Above has been given general outline
of the Norfolk and Western system so Tar
as it's trackage extensions, completed and
in process Of construction, are concerned.
In writing of the road it is usual TO start
at Norfolk and proceed westward. In
accounting for its ability to carry out its
policy one must start at its oalhelds,
These are what the tool-maker was to the
workman that builded the temple. Iron
Is often called king, but iron IS the servant
of fuel, and the fuels of the day are coal
and coke, which are transferring the crown
from the iron king to steel.
The location of the coal mines and coke;
ovens along the line of the Norfolk and
Western railroad are as follows: Semi
bituminous coal and coke-oyens. Pocahon-
tas, Bramwell, Duhring, Mlll-Creek juno
ton, Simmons's junction, tlipping, GOOD
well, West Fork, East-End tunnel, west
End tunnel, Mayb bury, Switch BACK,
Ennis, Elkhorn, and along the Ohio-river
extension. Semi-b i-btuminous and gas
coal, Richland, and along the line OF the
Clinch Valley division, between that point
and Norton's. Semi-anthracite coal,
Vickers, Pulaski, and Bell Spring; Btu
minops gas. spllnt and camel coal, along
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

ment, however, perhaps the greatest work
the company has done, both for itself and
for Virginia. is through its Cripple-Creek
extension. For the lover of nature this
region, as intimated, must have en- inedable
charm. To the iron master 1T Is an ideal
territory. Not only is it underlaid with
inexhaustibls beds of ore, but it contains
countless eligible sites for furnaces, where
limestone abounds and water for washing
ore Is abundant. Hundreds of ore pro-
perties have been discovered on the Grip
ple-Creek extension and its spurs and
projections, and It's extensions to the
North Carolina line Will render ac-
cessible 10 the furnaces along the
whole system Of the road, the renowned
Gossan ores Of Carroll county. said TO be
the largest and most valuable deposit OF
ores In this country. Long before the
noise Of the railroad train woke the echoes
about this portion Of Cripple Creek there
were numerous chnrcoelfurnaces In the
region, where some Of thebsst and cheap
ssf iron IN the United States vAs madA
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

month. or nearly g. .000, 900 annually The
amount of capital invested in the opera
tions of these mills is estimated at 5000
600. These figures do not include the
lumber handled for shipment In log form.
THE OYSTER INTEREST.
The Chesapeake bay and the net
work of rivers and creeks around Nor
folk are known the world over for their
oyster beds. and the oyster industry OF
Norfolk is an enormous factor in its gen:
eral business. The catch of a season viii
average 1000, 900 bushels, and in shucking
and preparing these oysters for market
about twenty firms are engaged. Inc
capital employed is put at nearly S2,oo9.-
OO0 and the value OF the product az nearly
So, 3,250.000.
THE PEANUT INTEREST.
VIRGINIA is the recognized peanut-pr
a,,nins ge State in The Union and Norfolk Is
tbe neanut market of Virginia. The crop
of 1890 now coming into the market is es-
sinated at 3, zoe, 900 bushels. For cleaning
and grading the nuts there are In Norfolk
four large establishments. employing many
hands. and the capital invested 10 between
S4O0, 900 aud $500, 900.
In the trucking season--the season OF
early vegetables. for the raising OF which
the country and climate around Norfolk
sre peculiarly adopted-the wharves ct
Norfolk present most animated scene.
They are one huge wholesale. vegetable
market. The value Of the products ship
ned ned ia5t year is estimated at over s4,500,.
600. The handling OF these products
draws . large floating population. to Nor.
folk In season and distributes an immense
amount Of money.
COTTON TRADE AND MAxuyAcxu1Es.
The cotton trade Of tho city has beer
constantly growing and employs dvt
nowerful compressss with capacity o.
+ 200 bales every twenty -four h0urs.
In edition 70 The oreet Norfolk an<
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

five red hematite limonites and magnetites
which he classes as Bessemer ores, anu
since that report other large Bessemer ae-
posts have been developed both on the
main stem and the Shenandoah-Valley Oh
vision.
ZINC AND LEAD DEPOSITS.
Among other valuable material resources
along the line of the Norfolk and Western
system are zine and lead ores. lumber
ochres, tin ore, fire-brick clay. china clay.
tin ore, marbles, salt, gypsum; onyx, cop
per, &c. The Wythe Lead aud Zinc Com,
pany's property is in Wythe county, and
while it yields iron, lead, and zinc II aa has
been worked principally for Us lead; In,s s
lead produced has been untitled TOR lyo
years, but it Is only within. the. last hair
century that the. property has been sys-
Remarkably mined. and only within the
last decade that the full extent OF its
value has been realized. During the late
civil war IL was the chiet source OF lead
supply Of the Confederate Government.
Becantly the xinc-bsaxing depouu nave
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25
IRON AND OTHER ORES.
Tho Locations of Deposits Along the svs-
tenn.

In the natural order Of succession as re-
CARDS development of Virginia resources
through the instrumentalities OF the Nor
folk and Western Company comes iron.
Virginia was the pioneer in the iron indus
try In this country, and her buried wealth
in iron ores has been recognized for nearly
three centuries. But the dream of the
most sanguine regarding Virginia's iron
future was dim and shadowy compared
with the prospect that now opens up be-
fore her. This prospect presents vista
of untold wealth, and along il for the last
seven years the Norfolk and Western has
been bringing about material results.
When we consider the time consumed
in changing charcoal furnaces with coke
furnaces and IN building new stacks, the
growth of the iron industry on the Nor.
folk and Western system has been parf
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

Company Is such that IL protects the inte,,
rest Of both those engaged In mining ana
fair estimate IL that nearly yseventy-fye hun
dred thousand dollars are invested in coal.
coal-mining, and coking IN the Flat Top
region, and that the coal-mining at other
points along the line will represent
several millions more. Yet IL Is logical
demonstration that this Is mere bagstelie
compared with what will be the grand ag-
gregate of investment IN this department.
OF industrial development when the exten-
sions of the Norfolk and Western system
now under construction shall have been
finished.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

stone formation. which runs all through
the territory. The fuel supply is, drawn
from the Pocahontas Flat Top field. and
as the McCreath and d'Invieliers report
says. "it is unnecessary TO comment upon
a coke showing 90 per cont. of fixed carbon
and with low sulphur and ash" the bur
bearing, qualities OF which IN the fur-
mace have already been demonstrated by
practical use.
THE WATER SUPPLY.
The abundant and never-failing water
supply of the region. aside from its value
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

and Western road bear equally emphatic
testimonyto the value of the Flat Top coal
development. The first ovens for coking
Flat Top coal were built at Pocahontas by
the Southwest Virginia Improvement Com
pany in 1883. In 1886 coking was CON-
inenced in the Bluestone region. and in
1888 in the Elkhorn district. In 1888 there
were shipped over the road % 762 tons Of
coke and in 1889 $40. .504 tons. This coke is
throughout Virginia staple blast-furnace
fuel and also finds its way to the furnaces
of North Carolina, Georgia. Alabama,
Tennessee. Maryland, Kentucky, and OHIO,
West. When the Elkhorn extension shall
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

the OhIo-river extension between, wayne
Courthouse, West Virginia, ana fonu-
mentioned are exclusive of outcropping in
various other localities on the line which
have not been prospected, and which are
ali capable of direct drainage to the sys-
TEN.
CHIEF SEAT OF OPERATIONS.
But il is the Flat Top region that IS the
scat of the chief coal operations OF the sys-
tenn. and the deposits of which are SUI,
feient 10 supply all the industries tnat
could be established on the line for many
,osrs and leave large surplus for ship
mani Indeed. these fields are practl-
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

with other timber along the Norfolk and
Western. naturally pours into the city. AS
a consequence Norfolk has become one of
the greatest lumber marts on the ATLANTIC
seaboard. There are now in and around
Norfolk sixty saw and planlng:mills,
whose annual product is 800, 900 900 feet OF
lumber, worth at wholesale prices - ,5Oo,-
OOO. These mills employ 5000 hands, to
whom they pay in wages Sl5O,OOO per
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

..,,r ,oexbaustible. and the only ne
csas;,v cssy for opening the other helds
tSyongh tSSS which the line passes y 70
so;ss sIoasn Industries in their. immediate
rnuninbborboods ruintJn BY shorter hauls and inor. r.
der 10 ship TO bases Of demand snss Fat sst
nearer 10 them than 20 tne Tdn roca coaI measures
Top region. The Fiat i2p i2psa,saiI uva Icon county
Virginia. seinS and nd in Mercer. WYOMING. 1is Nc
I einsa Geologicslly considered ss snsss
coais belong 70 the lowest msnDs0
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

Ivanhoe an extension is under construc-
tion which will meet the Cape Fear and
Yadkin-Yalley railroad on the North Caro-
lima line, thus placing Ivanhoe within two
hundred and fifty miles of Wilmington.
Here take another glance at the map. con-
slider that all this country is we'll wooded,
much of it beng in virgin forest, and 1t
will be seen that starting at Radtord and
going west the Norfolk and Western sys;;
TEN embraces in its briarean arms untold
wealth in raw material.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

have been completed to Ironton, o.,
sbort cut viii be Afforded from the coke
ovens tc that great iron-making section
That viii infinitely increase the demand OF
the iron masters there; 900.
a. TO the growth OF the demand since 1888
900 ~ 1 cck e-ovens in the Flat Top region. ope-
80 soysd hv one company. On January I.
,sso there were l,765 operated by fourteen
companies, while 2i7 more were being con
ssr,,cfad and 0Q6 more In contemplation
Ths poljcy Of The Norfolk and Western
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

point of decided importance. Blackstone
baa added to sunac- and bark BARREL
staye and a guano-factory. a four-mill,
and 129 miles from Norfolk is reached
Crewe-a brand-new town. This is divi-
sion headquarters of the Norfolk and
Western railroad, where are situated ex-
tensive repair-shops, O handsome depot
and division offices. and pretty rows OF
cottages built by the company for homes
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25

and the average monthly transactions in real
estate for 1890 were $i,472,172.50. Ths
land companies haye IS, ,0Oo, 900 pledged for
improvements, and various handsome and
costly buildings, exclusive Of manufsc-
turing establishments, have been contracts
ed for for 1891. Roanoke Is tho junction
Of the Norfolk and Western main stem
with its Shenandoah division, and Is fed
by both lines with all the raw materials ne.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-03-25
passl with that of the coaLmining and

pdss,t with that of the coaImining and
coking industries. ;,
The location of iron-mines on the She
nandoah- Valley division of the Norfolk and
VILE. Berryville, Overall, Rileysyille,
Vauehan's. Summit, Kimball. Luray,
Spitlers Siding, Mockville. Ingham, Grove
Hill. Shenandoah, Elkton, Yancy's, Sellers,
12O mile siding, i24 mile siding, Port Re
public, Grottoes, Waynesboro' Junction
1Basic City,, Lyndhurst, .Stuart's Draft,
Greenville, Lotion, les mile siding. Yesu-
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-01-04
SUNSHINE LAND.

Tiny t,ame In sight Of n lovely shore.
Yellow as gold in the morning light:
Tho sums own color at noon y vote,
A I'D had faded not at the fall ofnigft;
Gle fr weather Or eloBdy-twas all ~ one
Tia happy hills seemed batned with the snD,
~ secret tGe sailors cDtld not 1nderstand,
III II they called thu country Sunshine Land.
Whist war tie secret? 4 simple thing
1T will make you smile when once you know;
7 tFici5d by the tender finger VI spring,
"A mil ion b1Ossoms were nil agIOW:.
WI many. 70 many. 80 small and bright.
y hey covered the hills With n mantle OF light:
4 td the wild hes hnmmsd and the glad breszo
famed,
7 Through the hobcyed field Of Sunshine Land.
If over the sna We two we're bound,
What pori, dear child, would We choose Tor
DDFsI
We would eaiI. aud sail, till nj last we found
ghis fairy gold of q million flowers.
Yet, darling. we'd find. IL at bome We staid,
POI many small jo,s orr pleasures are made.
mar than W. think very close at iand~
Lie the golden fields Ut Sunshine Land.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-01-04
LESSONS FROM THE ARMY.
Where Men Talk Of Their Duties and
Never of Their Rights.

Where Men Talk OF Their Duties aud
Never of Their Rights.
In the army. with its vague and few and
distant rewards, there may be and there are
r~ivalries in devotion and daring, but there il
no competition for place and money ms there
is in civil life: and yet the soldiers ideal
being duty, the performance of duty seems
sufficient, writes VIM. Dean Howells in
Harper's. 1t is a state of things which can
suggest much to those who are fond of
battling the hope of better things in us with
the assertion that il Is contrary to human
nature to act from any but interested aad
selfish motives. Human nature is a great
mystery, aud we have not yet begun to
solve 1T; but it appears that Il number
of men drawn at random from society,
and trained to IL belief in duty as the chief
will keep on not only living il but dy-
ing IL. We civilians talk much, We almost
talk solely OF our rights, but i'll the army ID
seems that men talk chiefly of their duties.
when they talk ut all, and never of their
rights. These things are true of all ranks;
the ideal IL the same from the private to
the general, II IL seems to correct all the
mistaken tendencies of the time before they
became soldiers.
II. as Ruskin has fancied, the army should
ever serye IN lis fiie isoEsis Of ..a evil state.
and we should come To have .ssoldiers of
AZ ptoHS auhho hs "eaa an boiutcis Vi tut
sword it might not be long before we
should be told that il was against human
nature to act selfshIy, and that to be
recreaut to the general welfare in sny
aim or deed was to be guilty of conduct
unbecoming "A citizen and a gentleman.
However this may be, it il certain and it IL
significant that those who have attempted
to dream out a future brighter thar this
present have always bad something like a
military organization in their eyes; but
these Missionaries have somehow beheld
little of the gayety and enjoyment which
are quite as compatible with the perform
moe OF duties ~ with the assertion Of
rights