The morning call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895, 1891-06-21

inns IN ihtS CITY or elsewhere.
Questions answers 10 which are in the nature
Of an advertisement, viii not be answered
Every inquiry must have The true and full
name Of the sender, as well as the correct resi-
deBce. Any inquiry that has not the cor
rect name and address of the sender will
be treated as if it was not signed. aud the
writer need not expect an answer.
REDEMPTION OF BoNDs-C. b. s, Napa,
Cal ID Duiing the year 1885, which was
the first under the Cleveland AdminiStra-
ton no calls were made for the redemp-
ton Of Understanding bonds. although
the total debt was SS,1O6479 q less
than for the previous year, a difference
mainly due to the payment of matured debt
AMI to the decreased issue Of currency and
silver certificates. o. During the twelve
months ending October 81, 1886, 3-per cent
bonds were called for redemption amount
ing to S127, 2S3, 100, of which SSl,643, POO was
so called 10 answer the requirements of the
law relating 10 the Sinking Fund. and $780,
$50 900 for the purpose of reducing the public
debt 10y application to that object Of part
Of the surplus In the Treasury. On the
bonds thus called S102, 269 $50 brcame sub
ject under such calls to redemption prior to
November l. 1886; the remainder, amount
ing TO S25,0136j0 matured under calls after
that date. In addition to the amount sub
iect to payment and cancellation prior to
November there were also paid before that
day certain Of these bonds, with accrued
interest, amounting to S5,O72, $50, which
we're anticipated as TO their maturity, of
which s., 664, $50 had not been called. Thus
S1O7, 341 500 had been actually applied prior
10 y oyember to the extinguishment of the
bonded and Understanding debt leaving
on that day still outstanding S1,l53, 443, 112
Of which SIS S4S 200 was represented bV I'M
called SpeT-cent bonds. In addition to
these there were also outstanding at that
date SO, lO2. $50 of called per cents. which
had not been presented for redemption.
These sums were further reduced on De-
cemDer 5lst to S65,S99000 that were un-
called, and S6,I23, 100 called, but not
presented for redemption (3) Ia 1887,
for The relief OF the money market, the
Treasury called in S63,6l2 80 3 PER cents
for redemption, Of which So, 3I7. $50 were
gcdeemed; Sl1. 565 800 AZ per cents and
S1&0u0,OO0 4-peT-ceutS bought for the Sink
ing Fund and without rebate, Sc, 5O0,0 900 in
tereSt paid. a. In 1888 purchases Of / and
AZ per cents continued until the end Of the
year, with the exception that IN October,
after taking S5l, 594, 200, purchases Of the Is
were pended, and thereafter buying was
confined to the AIS. The bond purchases
al the end of the year were S10l, 10, 500. aud
the sum paid therefor, including premi-
ans, S120, 254, $40. O. Under Harrison, in
1889, The receipts Of the Government in
creased nearly S6,000,C00; the expenditures
more than SJl,U0l,0OO; but there was
still surplus Of receipts, which, in.
Gliding amount paid for premium on
bonds purchased, amounted 10 Sos. 053, 443 a.
Inc cash balance was S129. 0J0,OUO, and out
Of this and the surplus revenue were pur-
chased Is and rs OF tile aggregate value
Of Sl2Q6l4.4J0, on which the premium was
Sl7,292, 563 TO- At the beginning of the year
the amount Of + ~ outstanding was $751;
10, 500 and I per cents S6Sl, l37 800 b. tue
end Of September the outstanding AIS were
SIS, S2l, so and As sos. $50, $50, indicating
purchases during the quarter OF S10,S17,2QO
AIS and SO, I'D, 800 Of As. In October
the Secretary refused TO pay more
than about 1914 for the former
and 127 for the latter. and the
purchases Of both classes for the remaining
quarter amounted to $50 100000; the out
standing AIS on December 3Ist were Sl2f,-
567, 100 aud As S629, 795, 700, making the to-
TAI reduction by bond purchases during 1889
Sill, 900, representing only the par value
OF the bonds. 90 In 1890 there was au
increase in expenditures. not including
amounts paid for premiums on bonds
purchased or Ter principal aud interest
OF public debt, which was greater
than for any year since 1866, when
swollen by war expenses. This in
crease WAS almost entirely due TO the
payment OF pensions, for which purpose
there was paid during the year the enormous
sum OF 81 6,936,S5S, or about S44, 900
more than tile entire expense of the Govern
mpnt for any year previous the rebellion,
there was, above all, surplus of $780,
34I, 496 Us, with $3.50 received from
per cents, issued for interest on refunding
certificates, and S19,6 ,S77 50 taken from
th- cash balance in the Treasury. In all
SI24 go, 243 90 was used for the redemption
and purchase II the debt, including the ire
NUNS paid thereon, amounting to $50, 304,-
ri IS.
MEDITERRANEAN SEA A. G., San
Colcmbsuo, Italy. The Mediterranean Sea
Bas 10 known underground outlet. That
there is a strong current always setting in
to the Mediterranean is scientifically ac-
counted for without the existence of the
underground outlet The most detailed in
Vestigation Of this subject of currents was
carried out in 1871 by Captain Mares and
Dr.. Carpenter in II. NJ. S. Shearwater
The water OF the Mediterranean Sea proper
is very much salter than either the Atlantic
on the vest or the Black Sea on the east and
this great density Of the water affords
useful means Of recognizing it when inves-
tigating the interchange of waters which
takes place at the two eXtTemities Of the
sea. The great Concentration of the water
shows how dry the atmosphere at the sur
face must be and how Insignificant the con-
tTbutiOns of fresh Water-estimated to be
not more than thirty inches in the year.
while il may, without eXaggeratiOn, be as
sumed that the evaporation is at least twice
as great as the precipitation. We're there
DO provision for making good this
deficiency, the level Of the Mediterranean
would sink until its surface was so far con-
tracted as to lose TO more by evaporation
than would be supplied by rama condition
which would not be fulfilled before all the
AEGEAN and Adriatic and the whole of the
western basin west OF the Island of Sar-
dina were laid dry. That the level and
sainity remain constant is due to the supply
OF water which enters at the Straits Of Glib
Taitar. Investigations show that there are
usually two currents in the straits at the
same time, one supeTposed Oh the other,
beth affected by tidal influence: vet after
allowing for it there is still balance of in
flow in the upper and of outflow in the I'M
der current The quantity removed by eVap-
Grafton must therefore he supplied from the
Atlantic without raising the total quantity
Of salt IN the sea, while the only provision
LOT the removal OF the surplus salt
Is the outer and under current; hence,
the inward upper current must be
Sufnclent TO replace the water lost both
by evaporation and by the outflow OF
the under current. A similar phenomenon
IS witnessed at the other end Of the sea.
Here the fresher waters of the Black Sea
rush In through the narrow channel of the
Dardanelles, causing a surface flow of COM
paratively fresh water. while there is an
outflow below Of denSer Mediterranean
water, the straits being too small TO make
the phenomenon Of Importance for the sup
ply Of the Mediterranean. 1t is remarka bic
also that the comparatively fresh water of
the Black Sea persists without sensible
mixture through the Sea of MarmOra and
into the DardaneileS, while there is con-
stantly a current of Mediterranean water
running underneath. There can be
little doubt that the sadness of the
Black Sea is due wholly TO the
return current Of Mediterranean water
running through the BOsphOrus Were the
exit Of the Black Sea a channel with sufi-
cient fall TO bring the surface of the sea OF
Marmora below the level of the highest part