davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-09-19

aTbo Committee Of o. appointed 70 prcpar, for ihe
next international Christian EndoavGr lohVehuon' 1
Christian Endeovorers Of New York and Brookyn &C
I1Iuted with ono another 1t IS expected tl4l cIc
nn9n and evening there Will be moonlight eNCnIsIin
up the Hudson. The Rev H. T. McEW Yen { te Ci Of
man ~ The committee: Dr. Tyler. OF inc 'Il1iUI vi
tbn Dscin1es DR. Wilton Merle Smith, OF the Cehtdl
Presbytorian Church ard others will speak,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-09-19

nm. =, rents 10 81 a barrel cabbages. 80 so to S3
hImdred: celery, 10 10 % cents dozen roots
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-09-19

Tomorrow afternoon Or. Edward hudson VIII IN tLo
voii a marble and bronze drinking fountain al tie
northwest coruer OF his church IN MaShn5tHIll
S0uare 1t has been erected as a memorial ~ olJ
Rev Dr. Dunbar. former pastor OF lhc MdO"'ts'
street Baptist Church.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15

of engines were imported to America by
the Stephensons. Most of them were of
what is known as the "Planet," which
was a form of engine that succeeded the
Crockett
In all these locomotives the axles were
held by the frames so that the former
were always parallel with each other.
This made It difficult to turn curves.
This was remedied by John Il. Jervis,
who constructed an engine with main
driving axle rigidly attached to the en-
gine frame, and only one truck, or
"bearing carriage" consisting of two
pairs of small wheels attached to frame
and fastened to the engine frame by a
klng-bolt
In 1884 Ross Winans. of Baltimore,
patented the application of the principle
which Mr.. Allen had proposed and
adopted for locomotives "to passenger
a number of actions at law against rail-
roads for infringement of his patent,
which was a subject of legal controversy
for twenty years. Winans claimed that
his invention originated as far back as
1881, and was completed and reduced to
practice in 1884. The dispute was car
ried to the Supreme Court of the United
States and was decided against the
plaintiff after an expenditure of $780,
600. 1t involved the principle in which
nearly all cars in this country are now
and were then built.
In 1884 Henry r. Campbell, of Phila-
delphia, patented the use of two pairs of
driving wheels and truck. The driv-
ing wheels were coupled by rods. The
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15

ing guns in position to resist naval at
tack is not, however, quite so simple as
it seems Although the efficiency of a
gun on the land may be ten times great
err than that of one on mobile base
such as a ship. the United States still
labors under disadvantages. We have
not got the heavy guns. We could not
build them in sufficient number
under a twevemonth, and when
year is stated as the limit
of time necessary for the construction Of
heavy piece of ordnance, our ingenuity
and mechanical abilities may be vaunt-
ed beyond their capacity of execution.
The fighting power of a navy constitutes
its strength, and in that we are now and
will be for years to come, under the most
favorable auspices, lamentably deficient
Even in men we have not enough now
authorized by law to man the ships al
ready built. We have the best guns and
the ability to build the best ships; but, as
matter OF fact, are to-day more poorly
prepared, so far as our naval strength
goes. than we were fifty years ago, when
twelve line-of-battle ships could have
been equipped in sixty days. A navy
cannot be improvised or built at will
against an enemy that has a navy a.
ready constructed. And modern men
of-war, such as we must have if we have
any, are complicated machines, requiring
years to build. We cannot fight against
brass knuckles with kid gloves, and the
ability to run away is not the best safe
guard for national honor.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
THE DE WITT CLINTON. 1881.

first locomotive ever used in this coun-
try. The two locomotives built by
Messrs. Stephenson 4, Co. were sent to
this country, but there is no record of
their use.
The first railroad which was UNDER
taken for the transportation of freight
and passengers in this country on a COM
prehensive scale was the Baltimore and
Ohio Its construction was begun in
1928. Peter Parley's "First Book of His
tory" used as school book half a cent
ury ago, says of this first railway: "But
the most curious thing at Baltimore is
the railroad. must tell you that there
is a great trade between Baltimore and
the States west of the Allegheny Noun
tans. The Western people buy great
many goods at Baltimore and send in re-
turn a great deal of Western produce.
There is, therefore. vast deal of travel
ing back and forth, and hundreds of
teams are constantly occupied in trans
porting goods and produce to and from
market. Now, in order to carry on this
business more easily, the people are
building what is called railroad. This
consists of iron bars laid along the
ground and made fast, so that carriages
with small wheels may run along upon
UllCm WlUu ldClilUy. III OulS way OllC
horse will be able to draw as much as
ten horses on u common road. A part
of this railway is already done, and if
you choose to take ride upon it you can
do so. You will mount car something
like stage and then you will be drawn
along by lead horses, at the rate of
twelve miles an hour"
The Baltimore and Ohio had fifteen
miles of road in May, 1880. The ques-
ton of locomotive power Was under con-
sidcration for some time.
In 1929 and 1890, Eeter Cooper expert
mcnted with q little locomotive on this
road At meeting of the Master Nc
chanics' Association in Now York in
1915 at the institute which bears his
namc--he related with great gee how,
on the trial trip, he had beaten a gray
horse attached to another car. The
boiler of Ieter Cooper's locomotive was
about the size of fiou- barrel. The
tlues were made of gun barrels. The
whole machine was not larger than a
hand car Of the present day.
The "DeWitt Clinton" was built for
the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, and
was the third locomotive made by the
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
tour rapid-fire gums. two Hotchklss re.

four rapid-fre guns. two Hotchkiss re-.
volving cannon, and two gatlngs.
Five of the eight cruisers, the Balti-
more. Philadelphia, Charleston. San
Francisco and Newark. are excellent
vessels of their class. They have speed,
armament, and protection against the
fire of secondary batteries equal to that
OF any cruisers, of any nation, of equiva-
lent displacement. They are we'll armed,
and with guns believed to be equal if
not superior to those on any similar YES
sci yet launched. They constitute the
true nucleus of any navy: are the Skin
mlshers, the scouts, the cavalry of the
fleet; but their offensive power is only
intended for use as against an enemy's
commerce or his unarmored cruisers.
they are built to maneuver quickly and
to run away successfully from armored
.7essels and fighting ships. The three
remaining cruisers. the Chicago, Boston
and Atlanta. belong to the same class
and are constructed for the same pur-
pose as those just described. They are
also effectively armed. The four qua
boats. Yorktown, Concord. Bennington
and Petrol, find their field in war time
in rivers and in shallow waters. going
where armored vessels cannot venture.
or vessels authorized and in process
OF construction, two are gunboats Of
1850 tons. Or 600 tons smaller than tax,
Yorktown class: seven are unarmorca
cruisers, three of 1000 TONS two of 3,1s3
tons. one of $500 tons, and one of Z, 4oc,
tons; two are armored steel cruisers u
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15

The American navy to-day is in a state
of transition. 1t has shaken off the
old" and is only beginning to "put on the
new" Our twelve remaining wooden
ships would be of no benefit in contest
with any naval power AS elements of
a fighting force, either for defense or
offensc, they could render no service.
OF the new steel ships, sixteen have
been commissioned. OF these, the Mi
antonomah is an iron double turreted
monitor, and the only armored ship we
have afIoat. Four are small gunboats.
Eight are protected cruisers. One is
known as a dynamite cruiser, and is still
am experiment.. One is a torpedo-boat,
as vet unarmed because the department
has not found a torpedo satisfying all re-
ouirements; and the remaining snip IS a
dispatch boat, indispensable as an ad-
iunct to fleet, but not a servlceaole ad-
dition to the actual lighting force.
Thus our present naval strength
resolves itself into one armored
monitor for harbor defense, elght
cruisers, and four gunboats. me
Miantonomah is practlcaliy inc ohly
fohting ship we have: that is. the only
n1a that would be able to attack an ar
norcd adversary as we'll as to success
fully defend itself against attack. shels
our only reliance to protect our coasts
our interests, our rights, and our prop,
erty, and is of 1000 tons displacement se9
foot in length, $50 in breadth, ana
draws 14.6 feet of water - She IS OF the
MONT monitor typc-low free-board. two t9 e
r ,,a1si' wi with a superstructure between for
ber secondary battery, an assumed speed
- ton Knots: seven inches OF compound
or.oo, or her sides, 11h on her turrets,
and an armament consisting OF four o ~
inch 27-ton guns, two in each turre1'
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
principle has been generally adopted in

principle has been generally adopted in
this country.
From these comparatively small begin
nings the magnificent equipment of our
railroads has grown. From Peter Cooper's
locomotive, which weighed less than
ton, with a boiler the size of barrel,
and which had difficulty in beating a
gray horse, we now have locomotives
which will easily run sixty and can ex-
coed seventy miles an hours, and others
which weigh seventy-five tons and more.
A comparison Of the engine built by
Peter Cooper with the modern standard
express passenger locomotive shows the
progress which has been made in fifty
years. There have been many modifica-
tions in the design of locomotives to
adapt them to the changed conditions of
the various kinds of traffic of to-day. An
express train travelling at high rate of
speed requires locomotive very differ
ent from one which is designed for
hauling heavy freight trains up steep
mountain grades. The engines at first
had four wheels, but now they have
eight and ten.
The early cars resembled the stage
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15

coaches of that day. The Mohawk and
Hudson Road in 1881 had six cars similar
to that represented in the engraving.
The next step was to join these coaches
together, and build cars with oompart-
ments. 1t was opened Sept. 20, 1925,
with goods train" as the freight train
is called in England, but this also car
ried a number of passengers.
The following notice, which appeared
in the Baltimore newspapers. was tho
first timetable for passenger railway
trains published in this country:
"RAILROAD NOTICE.
"a sufficient number of cars being now
ready for the accommodation of passnn-
gers, notice is hereby given that tho fol-,
lowing arrangements for the arrival aud
departure of carriages have been adopt
ed, and will take effect on and after
Monday morning next, the 5th in tant,,
viz: A brigade of cars will leave tho
depot on Pratt street at 6 and 10 o'clock;
a. m. and and O'Clock p. M, and will
leave the depot at Ellicotts Mills at 6,
and So O'Clock a. N. and at 1874 and 6
p. m.
"Way passengers will provide thcm-,
selves with tickets at the Office of the
company in Baltimore, or at the depots
at Pratt street and Ellicotts Mills or
at the Relay House, near Elk Ridge
Landing.
The evening way car for Ellicotts
Mills will continne to leave the depot,
Pratt street, at o'clock o. IN. as usual,
an. b. Positive orders have boon is.
sued to the drivers to receive no rassan-
gers into any of the cars without tickets,
"P. s. Parties desiring to engage %:
car for the day can be accommodated,
after July s."
passenger train of the Mohawk and
Hudson Railroad which was put on in
October, 1881, between Albany and
Schenectady, attracted much attention.
1t was hauled by the English engine
John Bull" and driven by an English
engineer named John Hampson This
is generally regarded as the first fully
equipped passenger train hauled by
steam-power engine which ran in regular
service in this country. During 1892 it
carried an average of 3s7 passengers
daily. The accompanying engraving
is from sketch made at the time.
From this train to the New%York linn
tied with vestibuled sleepers parlor car,
dining car library, bathroom, and bar
Der shop, marks the advancement Of
railway time in America in half IL CEN
tury.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
MODERN PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVE.
steam enough to draw ten passenger cars
at the rate of thrty-five miles all hour.
In this country the Delaware and Hud-

steam enough to draw ten passenger cars
at the rate of thirty-fve miles an hour.
In this country the Delaware and Hud-
son Canal at Honesdale, Pa, was the
pioneer in railroading, and in 1927 this
company built the Carbonate Railroad
under construction, connecting the coal
mines with the canal. This road was
sixteen miles in length and was opened
in 1929, to be operated by stationary en-
@ mes. The first locomotive in this coun-
try was run over this road Aug. Q, 1929.
Mr.. Horatio Allen, who is still living
near York, went to England in 1928, to
study the subject of locomotive building.
He had commission from the Delaware
and Hudson Canal Company to purchase
rails for their ROAD and also their loco
motives to be built in England upon
plans to be decided upon by himself
after his arrival in that country. This
was before the trial of the "Rocket"
on the Liverpool and Manches-
ter Railroad. The result of Mr.
Aliens investigations was to produce
in his mind a confidence in the multitu-
bular boiler which is now universally
used for locomotives. An order was
given to Foster, Rostuch & Co., at Stone
BRIDGE for one engine whose boiler was
to have riveted fiues of comparatively
large size, and another order was givel
to Messrs Stephenson ~ Co., of New
castle-on-T Tyne, for two locomotives with
boilers having small tubes The engine
built by Foster, Roetuch & Co. was sent
to this country and tried at Honesdale,
Aug. of that year. Its name was the
@Stonebridge Lion" and it was run. Oh
its trial trip by Mr. Allen, to whom be-
longs the distinction of having run the
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
THE "DUIL1o.n

gressive nation from changing the polit-
ial geography of the Mediterranean
coast ltaly's navy is essential to the
reborn nations life, and the nation has
made the most tremendous sacrifices to
maintain it, This navy has been kind
Of justification for Europe, which WON
dered how Italy, with only just ordinary
resources. could go on year after year
building huge ironclads like the Duilo
and the Dandolo. carrying four 1OO-ton
muzzle-loading Armstrong guns, wear
ing armor nearly two feet thick at
the water-line and eighteen inches
thick on the turrets. These vast
hoating fortresses. with their guns
worked by hydraulic mechanism, these
SHIPS which cost more than 100000
each, are not intended, it is said,
Tor any extensive cruises: but
lhe Italians claim that even vessels like
lher Italia and Lepanto. each 400 feet
long, - feet wide, and with an extreme
araught exceeding 30 feet, with engines
twice as powerful as those of any other
afmored ship in existence at the time
lhey were built, could patrol foreign
.oast and remain absolute masters Of
.he situation, sinking any ordinary
Nshtng vessels within an hour.
Now let us see how the naval force of
l'aly is at present divided. The king
dom has:
Twelve first-class ironclad battleships,
WIN ,il 32 guns and 5,65S men.
three second-class ironclad battle
ShlpS, with % guns and 727 men.
=, Zen second-class unarmored battle
s'ips, with IS guns and 2,5ss men.
or Nineteen third-class battleships, with
CO guns and 1927 men.
o, rive transports of the first class, with
SO guns and l,OO4 men.
seven sccond-class transports, with 16
guns and All men.
rive third-class transports, with guns
and POI men.
DIN Scholarships, with 40 guns and 1,456
lncn
rive ironcads, armored and unarm-
, ,a lor coast defense, with 90 guns and
LOO men.
., iofty-six ordinary fighting ships, with
u guns and l 100 men.
I':s torpedo sloops, with 20 guns.
c, rnly Seagoing torpedo-boats, with 100
Guns N, and $50 men.
Is guns >e
~; l,"ehty-one second-class torpedo-bo
WIN u guns
VII; Inns fleet, large enough to grapple
o ".'l 4, such great navies as those of France
Ir England, is manned in time of war
VII, l''o3 officers and 61,OO7 men, OF
'I !, 1000 are gunners.
in ~ must be remembered that Italy has,
Er, some respects, better navy than
In ,aaGe or England, because she began
,l ",' Ill at Il late date and profited by
s sill 'atest discoveries, while England is
ssin mourning over huge arks which
of I 1,', has already left behind. Some
eyor '"ly vessels carry the heaviest guns
ns ~ III; inl,ade-the Armstrong breech-load-
ri tli'e OF ID to II inches caliber.
mi,n nt Duilo and the Dandolo are for
chins monsters, and could play mis-
hv on the American coast if assisted
Tbo IL little squadron of torpedo boats
b Lne oandolo is nearly $50 feet long and
las s'Sty feet breadth of beam. She
Ike w. displacement of 1902 tons. and,
loN. .'le Duilio, she has four II. 72-tnch
Inch '1 ~ muzzle-loading rifles, three Al
ofeech-loading rifles, and fourteen
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15

$4,000 for the engine which shall be adj
Judged the next best" The require
ments were that the engine. when in
operation. should not exceed three and
ne-half tons weight, and must on a
level road be capable of drawing fifteen
tons exclusive of weight of wagons, tif-
teen miles per hour.
In response to this call three locomo-
tives were produced, but only one was
made to answer any useful purpose
This engine, the "York." was built at
York, Pa, and brought to Baltimore
over the turnpike on wagons After
undergoing certain notifications it was
found capable of performing what was
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
RAILROAD ACROSS THE At
LANTIC.

A French Engineer Thinks 1t Is Practica-
bic with submerged Tubes.
A railroad across the Atlantic is on
the list of possibilities for future
achievement of science. Many years
ago q civil engineer read a paper before
the French Academy suggesting SUBJ
marine railway. His theory was that
at certain depth of the ocean, hun
bred fathoms or more-far below any
agitation from surface storms, the wa
ter is OF such a density that nothing in
tubular form, whatever the weight,
can possibly sink!
Having thus made foundation in
the very bowels of old Neptune, he
proposed to sink continuous line of
immense iron tubes-after the manner
of cable laying which a double
track could be laid between Cape
Clear, Ireland, and Cape Race, New
foundland, and thus send trains BOOM
ing throug h the tube, to the consterna-
ton of the sea serpent and the mortal
terror of the big and little fishes.
The only serious objection this
successful termination of this widest Of
all deep-sea schemes was the suffocating
effects of the smoke from engines used
in submarine railway tube; if this
could be overcome, he said, then the
grand oceanic railroad only required
the necessary construction capital
In the light of present day science,
when electricity is locked upon as the
handiest as we'll as the most unique Of
all motive force, why may we not rea-
sonably expect the French Academy to
demonstrate the practicability of their
learned fellows views.
Then again, the Keely motor lacks
only one turn of being a success, to say
nothing of the perpetual motion ma
chimes now incubating in this and other
cities of the United States. All Of his
scientific objections in regard to smoke
having been overcome, let us call on
the French to build their water-sus-
pended oceanic railway in time for the
great Worlds Fair of 1898. For down
right fairness" of conception this
Atlantic railway scheme beats M. YER
ards st. Anne's bridge across the
English Channel all hollow, and for
visionary musings commend us to q
French savant every time.-St Louis
ReDublic.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
WILL HANDLE THE CASH.
President Harrison's Appointee to the
Office of United States Treasurer.

President Harrison's Appointee to the
Office of United states Treasurer.
Mr.. Nebeker, whom President Har-
rison has made Treasurer of the
United States, is banker residing in
Covington, Fountain County, Ind, and
is about so years of age. He has been
active in local politics and was for two
terms q member of the Republican
State Central Committee The only
Office he has ever held is that Of
Auditor of Fountain County. At the
beginning of the Harrison administra-
ton he was a candidate for the posi-
ton of United States Marshal for tho
Territory of Utah, but another man Sc
cured that post. Mr.. Nebeker, not
withstanding his disappointment on
that occasion, remained an ardent adj
mirer of President Harrison, and is
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15

lOScS IGa ecHpef, ana
Ala Commons arc laundering before the
nass of the people have found out what
il is all about. -.
Government seems to have Softened and
,r ora of concessions has been opened.
IL is we'll. however, to know with what
tho nitcd States would have had tc'
dral had the ancient and famous king
Iam with which we lately became in
,olycd in dispute formally declared
war upon MS And let us remember that.
where a collision is possible, it is not
onlv dangerous but it is bad form to
urdcrestimatc our antagonist.
na|v is maritime country and has
hecn since the bold Venetians, at a time
when other mariners were afraid to ven
turc out of sight of land and tied up
their salcys at night, pushed northward
through the fog as far as Iceland. 1t
was the daring of the italian mariners,
eliminating in the splendid enterprise of
the Italian Columbus. which pierced the
esca of Darkness" and filled the Atlantic
with the argosies of conquest and COM
merce. The Sicilians and the Neapoli-
tans are veritable water dogs.
Italy takes pride in everything per-
tanning to the sea. Her great naval es.
Adjustments at laramie, at Naples, at
Castcllemare, at Venice, at Spezzia, are
always crowded with workmen building
new ships for commerce or for the pro-
lection of commerce. The very life and
soul of the nation since it was unified in
| 1871 has been put into the upbuilding of
this navy.
And why! Because its chief work,
+ wien the great European struggle, SO
long postponed. but so certain to come,
Begins, will be to grapple with the gigan-
tic nagy OF France, and to keep that ag-
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1891-05-15
REQUIRED bv the comnanv

required by the company.
In August, 1881. the locomotive John
Bull, which was built by George and
Robert Stephenson & Co.. of Newcastle
on-Tyne, was received in Philadelphia
for the Germany and Amboy Railroad
and Transportation Company. This is
the old engine which was exhibited by
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at
the Centennial Exposition of 1876. After
the arrival of the John Bull number