davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15

their suspicious and now the mystery-one
and all rise from the ground as one body,
Not always, but so frequently that a tele-
graphic signal is evidently theirs that in
forms 3 thousand. it may be, at the same
moment. Without this power, this posses
sion OF documentary language. a flock of
birds would be at the mercy of every enemy,
and they are legion.
Flocks of birds 80 enhance every land
scape that it is C. source of regret that they
country rambles They mark the return of
spring more emphatically than the chance
blooming OF ~violets; and would that we
were so keen sighted US to mark their
breaking up and the scattering of mated
pairs over the country. This is doubtless
a gradual process. for | lind the birds, as
the nesting senson draws near, gathering
about their %fayorite summer homes, often
a dozen or more, and in some way there
is a drawing OF lots, and the particular
spots are reoccupiad. For nine successive
summers a par OF red-wings built at the
base OF q button-bush, and year after wear
moro and moro nests were mado until every
spot was occupied for many Il rod around.
IN August tho clan gathered, and, az a
little flock that seemed scattered by dny
bu: reassembled at sunset. these birds
were a feature OF tho meadow for two
never saw them units with IL passing
flock. but this ia what they did. Snp-
gestive as is every flock of birds, We really
know but little about them. No natural
ISL has yet fathomed the mystery of bird
life. and bird-slaughter has accomplish cd
nothing. But no class of animals afford 40
much pleasure whenever we ralnblc. How
ever fixed tho determination to observe n
snake, q lizard, or = fish. let a bird CONS
near and how quickly We turn to IL. Jfitis a
thrush, in enrly June, or the Carolinn wran
at any season. and it breaks forth ia
song what power have we 20 turn
q deaf ear? Though the problem Mt our
feet may be almost solved, the rythmio rush
OF a Thousand wings overhead will draw us
away; earth and Its creeping crenturos will
pass from our minds that momsnt. Tia
heavens are darkened by u flock OF birds.
- Dir. G. G. ABBOT.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15

gives way to a varied range of lowly muir
INJURED chatterines very different from the
conventional cries of all owldom. Keep a
pet one (and they are easily tamed) and
you will find them not only as wise as they
look, but not avsrse to rough and tumble
fun. But a few days ago, in my wander
lngs, Ireached the bank of a river, long
after shutdown, and pitched my little tent
by the ftful light of a grsen wood camp
fire. Ejaculations were not smothered, but
exPlosive, and the whole strange scene
brought not one, but three little red owls
to the front. They were not afraid, and
discussed my companion, the dog, and my
self vigorously. They enjoyed the novelty,
and all through the night their trsmulous
tones broke the stiffness of the dense, dark
woods. dreamed of huge foeks of owls,
such as no man ever saw, and was reused
at dawn by q great rushing of wings that
seemed dangerously close at hand. It was
a flock of blackbirds.
] have already said that birds are social.
and whatever may have been the condi-
y tlons at the dawn of bird-life, their gath
erings now are purely pleasurable. I do
not think any advantage to the individual
can come OF it, other than satisfying social
impulses. Let US go back to the formation
of these huge iooks and give a moments
notice to another phase of e birds exist
ence. This, from a recent paper, covers
the whole ground: ''Most birds, We are
told, pair once for all, till either one or
the other dies DR.. Brehm, the author of
Bird Life is so filled with admiration for
their exemplary family life as to be led to
declare enthusiastically that real genuine
marriage can only be found among birds.'"
The initial point of focking is there, that
Of mating; later the family keep largely
together; toward the close of the summer
the families of a neighborhood unite and,
urged by the approach of autumn, the birds
of d whole river valley will merge into
some two or three great focks and in such
close companionship migrate; or wander to
and fro from M feeding ground TO an
other.
When did birds begin to flock? This
has often been asked, but never can be
told. A close study of this habit, as of
many other bird-ways. points to the con-
clusion that it IS a survival of a much moro
Fixed one. There il now a vast deal of ir-
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
81 THE BEE HIME. K
SOL GENZBERGER & CO. 5 NORTH MAIN sTREET HfH#nJA

regularity about it. Certainly the red
winged blackbirds, wi.4l form our largest
focks, are not all gathered il and single
ones, Mrs, and half Il dozel sher re-
main III winter scattered up ANA own the
river valley. It is true of every other flock
custom. but 80 many stood aloof in every
instance that it might almost be said the
custom ia dying out.
Let it be borne in mind that l am writing
Of a single locality, the Atlantic seaboard
OF the middle states; and of this region I
am disposed to make the statement that
man has 80 modified the land that bird-lifs
is rapidly losing its one-time characteristic
features. 1t is sad to think that birds have
seen their best days, and what We now have
left us as the chief charm of our outings is
but a lingering remnant of the great con-
course that not only filled the valley, but
made GLAD the uttermostp parts and neglected
no hooks or corners of the land. Making due
allowance for travellers e1agQerations, it
is still evident that we have, except of Eng
lish sparrows, not one-half of the birds Of
some two centuries ago. Even though the
focks OF red-wings may sometimes reach
we'll into the thousands, 1 awe positive
knowledge of much larger fooks than ever
Wilson or Audubon CHANGED upon. In 1929
a flock of these birds appeared one Septem-
Der afternoon on the C~rosswicks meadows
that shut out the sun and caused great
concern among the farmers, who feared, If
they came. to the folds, every green growth
would be laid wasts.'' Blackbirds then
were feared and for years after, by REASON of
their numbers; and, seemingly, when in
such tlocks they were far more bold than
ever as individuals.
Why do they congregate in such num-
bers! 1t has been suggested that in early
autumn their food was to bs found only in
limited localities, and they naturally drifted
there. moved, one and all, by 9ho same
cause. In other words, the upland fields,
the spring-holes the grassy hooks in old
field corners, where they rested. offered
nothing but shelter, and to stay longer than
during summer meant to starve. The fact
that scattered birds do frequent the nest
ing places contradicts this; and the food
found in the meadows is not greatly differ
ont. and often too many gather in one spot
for all to be fed. Whatever the bird, there
seems to be nothing gained by locking, and
much is lost. It appears to be an inherited
instinct that once a safeguard and delight
10 now doubtless a source OF pleasure, but
disadvantageous.
We are accustomed to look on certain
species of birds as Hooking in autumn and
that others never do 30. I am convinced
that all were gregarious originally, but
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15

red-wings, of bob o-links, Of rusty grakles,
and other birds would not occur if there
was no power of communication, and no
predetermination as to movement. l have
yet to see a large flock of birds without
guards percbed in commanding outlooks;
and know from experience how difficult it
is to outwit these sentinels. It has often
been my afternoons amusemement to try
to plunge into the midst of. a thou
sand feeding blackbirds, and I never sue
ceeded. I have reversed the conditions
more than once, and, being concealed, have
had them pass within arms reach, and
then l took notes of them as fast as posi-
BILE. That they talked faster than they ate
was evident. and my disguise never was
effective for long. They always suspected
that something was wrong; communicated
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15

changes OF environment have caused it to
be leiinquished; but it is astonishing to
lind that there are few birds that cannot be
found at least lin loose companies" as il
10 commonly worded. In September the
bluebirds occasionally fly in pretty compact
tlocks of fifty to one hundred indi vlduals:
and a company OF twenty or thirty is n
common occurrence. The common king
bird is another w%ell-known species that
tiocks to some extent, and a third is the Bal
timore oriole. l have seen the females and
young of the preceding summer in focks
OF certainly 100 individuals and when or
wing they kept so well together as to merit
being classed as a flock, rather thnn a
semi independent gathering. 1t is evident
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
90 AND B17.O,

Fifty styles at less prices. You'll be surprised at the
good Overcoats and listers The Boston offers at So and
$40. We want your trade whether you are rich Or poor.
Our Overcoats will please you more and more the longer
you wear them, and every garment is guaranteed strictly
reliable.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
MISS KATE r. METZ.

of Newark, Ohio, is principal ct
Typewrlting and Assistant in
Shorthand. Miss Metz ONE well
recommended by the celebrated
shorthand man, Jerome B. How
ard, Of Cincinnati, Ohio. Students
who come under her supervision
will find her an excellent lady and
well fitted to give instruction in
the department which she has in
charge. ..@S 49,. ~"
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15

TERFEY BLEa MthIAtI COMPANY--AT A
- nieeking Of the trustees Of til. Jersey Blue
Mining Company, hold Oct. /. ut tho Office OF tho
company, IN tieleila. H. sufficient amount of
stock being represented. 1t was voted to call 4
special nesting Of the stockholdors, at tho com
pany y office, in Helena, on the first day OF pec-
emter, at tour o'clock p, m. for the purpose OF
pnny upon an aeseapable stock anais.
j.. y. HUDNUIT, President
Helena, Mont, Oct. ]. 1891
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
PROF. J. r. DATT,Y

PROF. ]. T. DAILY, ---I.- "
OF Omaha, Nebraska, is principal
Of Penmanship and Theory of
Bookkeeping; also teacher of Com
mercial Law. Prof. Daily has been
principal and business manager Of
the Omaha Business College for
the past five years. He has had
20 years experience in business
college work, and as a teacher of
bookkeeping is unsurpassed, and
one of the best penmen in the
United States. r
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
MRS. FANNIE CARTER

gives her whole attention to Flo
cution, Reading and Rhetoric. The
classes in reading and elocution
are astounded to realize how well
they can express the thoughts and
actions of others.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
H. G.. PHELPS

has charge of the Business Prac-
tice department. This department
OF the school is designed to give a
broader knowledge of business
transactions than can be gained
from the theory of bookkeeping
alone. "--
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
Teachers E!z Employed
MONTANA
Business College.

The teachers now employed by
the Montana Business College for
the year 1891 and go are as fol.
lows: ~
PROF. S. A. D. HAHN,
Principal of Shorthand. His work
in Photography and Penmanship
IS too well known to need further
comrnent. W."
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15

No school has a more efficient
corps Of teachers for the work they
have la charge.
Corner Sixth and Park Avenues.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
The County Iustitufa

Or Lewis and Clarke comfy will be held M
the Central school building, Helena, Nov
20, "a and rs. CT. Tmomr. wv
County Superintendent of Schools.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-11-15
THE FL0CKNG OF BIRDS
Social Impulses Of the Feathered
Tribes and Their Ways of
Z .. Amusement
Exemplary Husbands and Wives,
Divorce Not Being known
{ ,s.. Among Them.
Birds Have Seen Their Best D~ays-Flocks
a Numbered Millions-Senti-
nels on the Outposts.
Written for The HELENA INDEpEND1NT.1

- ~ Elm ldEOWL
is as much of a her
nit az he appears.
The little fellow
that all summer
long has slept by
day in the hollow
apple tree and boot
ed by night from
adjacent tree tops
has a taste for COM
pany, and when two
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-05-15

A man who has so much to do that he
Will work nights and Sundays as well a.
week days Is not likely to do Us much ia
the long run as the man who rests at
Gods appointed times in order To fit
himself for effective work between
these times. Many busy man breaks
down great deal earlier than he needs
to. because he insists on working when
rest Is his first duty. And many man
who observes Gods law of the night
and the Sabbath, written in mans very
nature. accomphsbes far more in series
of years than he could have wrought
with any violation of that law.
Mr. Gladstone, speaking not long ago
of his own experiences in busy life. SAID
of the high privilege of Sunday rest"
Personally, | have always endeavored,
so far as circumstances have allowed, ia
avail myself Of this privilege, and now
that have arrived near the goal Of .
laborious public career Of close on fifty
seven years, ! attribute in great part to
this practice the prolonging Of my life
and the preservation OF my faculties'
= true man can do more in six DAYS than
he can In seven, week by week. as he
can do more in sixteen hours than in
twenty-four, day by day, for lifetime.
Sunday School Times
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-05-15
AN IMPORTANT PROBATE COURT
LAW
From the Troy Chief.

From the Troy Chief.
The last legislature passed an act
amending the law III relation to probate
courts, which those having business in
that court will do well to make a note of.
1t provides for regular terms of the
court. term commencing the first Mon
day Of every month, and continues as
long as there is business before it, then
adjourns until the next regular term,
the first Monday of the succeeding
month. The act provides that all settle
mentS of executors, administrators, and
guardians shall be made in open court,
in term time; also, that all matters relat-
ing to the sale of real estate by executors.
administrators, or guardians, shall be
made in term time. Some other minor
matters must be transacted in regular
term, but as we have not got copy of
the law before us, we do not remember
what they are. In case of necessity, all
other things the court is authorized to
do, may be done in vacation. This is an
important law, and all persons having
business in the probate court should
attend 1t the first of every month. The
law takes effect when published in the
statute book, which will be some time
this month.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-05-15
ANOTHER CONVERT.

Ex-senator Farweu of Illinois seems
to have changed his mind on the money
question since the election of his sue
cessor to the senate by the legislature of
his state, or at any rate since the adj
iournmenJ of the Fifty-first congress.
In discussing the currency question, and
what the United States requires in order
to secure and maintain its prosperity
and development, in very able article
in the Chicago Tribune, sums up with
the following propositions:
l. Decentralization of silver has con-
tracted the currency.
2. Contraction of the currency has de-
pressed prices of commodities.
g. Industrial classes and especially
farmers suffer most as the result.
t. Until silver is restored to money
functions this suffering must increase.
s. Experience has demonstrated the
utility of bimetallism and that mono
metallism has only produced disaster.
o. An international agreement to use
both metals as money at a fixed ratio will
restore confidence and prosperity and Is
the only rational remedy in the light of
past and present history
Whatever the cause for this change of
opinion on this all important question, GER
tain it is that he is now more nearly in
harmony with the prevailing sentiment
of the west than his actions in the senate
when that question was before that body
and until it was dispose of, clearly indi-
Gated. If he had taken the position he
now holds on that question and had
maintained it in the senate, he might
and no doubt would have been chosen to
succeed himself
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-05-15

his own intrinsic intelligence it is as
hard to prove.
Senator PETER says that the thing
which makes gold and silver valuable Is
the fact that they have been chosen as
money materials. No greater historical
error could be made than such an asser-
ton. He has the historical facts pre-
cisely reversed. The thing which caused
gold and silver to be chosen by all ma
lions as money materials was the fact OF
their superior vrlue, their universal de-
STABILITY. In reply to the Kansas Far
mer the Capital some time ago explained
why In primitive times other materials
were used for money. In every case the
material chosen was the one of greatest
value, or universal desirability, among
the people vino made it money, as tin in
Britain. As the world became CONNER
cially unified there was universal grav-
itation to gold and silver, because the
world over, these proved to be the most
desirable materials to be found. The ad-
ditional fact, we may callit Providential,
an evidence of the design of the Creator,
that these metals sould be money mater
ials, was pointed out by the Capital, that
these metals combine in themselves all
the money qualities to be found In all
other money materials put together.
These qualities are: Universal desirable
ity, portability, divisibility, stability of
value, indestructibility, homogeneity and
cognizability. In view of these remark
able condolences, who will have the
hardihood to deny that the Creator in
tended gold and silver to be the materials
and basis for money!
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-05-15
Women Lobbyists.

Women lobbyists? They are few and
far between. The imaginative observer
about the Capitol will tell you that ex-
Speaker Reed moved the ladies reception
room from its old quarters next the ways
and means committee to a corner of stat
uary hall, because In the former place
a dark corridor inclosed for the purpose
the female lobbyists were so thick and
bold as to bring scandal upon congress.
But this is not true. Women of all sorts
congregated in the old room, as they do
now when congress is in session, in stat
uary hall, it is true, but they are not
lobbyists.
They are women of all sorts-innocent
young girls, mature matrons, coquettes,
designing dowagers, congressmen'sw wives,
daughters, friends, sweethearts. A ma
jority of them are poor creatures with
claims on other poor creatures, looking
for congressional help in their search for
government situations. Probably there
are not more than two or three profess
sional women lobbyists in town. The
woman as a lobbyist Is a failure IN Wash
ington IN this day and generation
Washington Cor. Augusta Chronicle.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-05-15
a DOCTOR IN LUCK.

Another American physician has been
honored by the king Of Siam. The lucky
aspirant for royal favor is Dr.. VIII B.
Lee, a member of last years class of the
medical department of the University of
New York. At the age of % Lee finds
himself a royal physician and civil officer
of the Slamese government. with a large
salary and government residence at
Bangkok, the capital of Siam, free of
cost. Five years ago DR.. Lee was rail
road express agent. Later he drove the
wagon and delivered packages for the
American Express company in Spring
field. O. The Missionary society of the
First Presbyterian church raised S1,1J0
10 send him to New York City to take a
course TO fit him for the work of q medi-
cal missionary i'll India in the foreign
missionary work of the PRESBYTERIAN
church. He graduated with high honors
in last years class. The PRESBYTERIAN
board of foreign missions immediately
appointed him To its medical post at
Petchaburee, in Siam In September
last he was married 10 Mrs. Sarah Nc
killiken. whom he met in New York
while she was 4 medical student in the
New York training school for skilled
nurses. Soon after he went to Siam.
and In six months was offered position
as royal physician OF one of the Bankok
hospitals and visiting physician of three
others and 4 SiameSe insane ASYLUM
He has. as might have been predicted.
resigned as 4 missionary.
The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1891-05-15
suNFLowER s1LHouErTEs.

1t does not take much of carpenter te
join the Alliance.
The Republicans of Kansas are talking
of an s., 900 minority.
Any other picnic than an Alliance picnic
will bring rain every time.
The lightning rod agents are reapirg a
| fortune decking out hay stacks
| The cry of the Topeka subscribers to
their papers is: Give us no Moore"
| The Commercial congress came off all
right, but Father" Kelley is still on the
| perch.
In the light of recent presumptions, is
Kansas going to be represented at Wor-
rails fair?
Sol Miller has discovered that dead
ducks, the same as birds of feather flock
together.
Dan Anthony's support of the Alliance
is not as warm as his war on Governor
Humphrey.
This is backward spring." yelled the
man who had just put his foot on soft,
fabby snake.
General Rice and Ingalls, are both in
New York City. and they both wish the
town were larger
Gen. Rice is down in New York with the
grips-a satchei, the influenza, and tie
Alliance handshake.
In Botkin's district they are thinking of
slipping the bandage over Justices eyes
down over her mouth
The servant girls at Topeka have formed
trust, but this doesn't mean that they
don't expect their wages at the end of every
week.
When Crane, the actor who caricatured
Senator Plumb, saw PETER, he at once
gave notice to his manager that he wanted
a new play.
Jerry Simpson is said to be getting
regular salary from large English soap
concern for using 1T Pears" so frequently
in his speeches.
kansans point with pride to the fact that
no diplomatic troubles disturb the amity
between this country and either Mexico,
Egypt or Madagascar
There were a 10000 900 gallons of
whisky made in this country last year. A
bare statement like this ought to intoxi-
cate the average prohibitionist.
Congressman Otis of Topeka has been
selected as the man among the Alliance
congressman as the most likely to ''churn
up" the house of representatives.
Kansas is a great state in ups and downs.
Jerry Simpson sprung from city marshal
to congress Tom Moonlight fell from
the governorship to city assessor.
When Mrs. Lease said she was going
down to the very gates of hell, she prob
ably had in her mind at the time the ALI
ance's disposition to pick Nick.
Rightmire signs himself ''the defeated
Alliance candidate for chief justice"
There is no doubt that he was rightly
mired. A nice justice he would make.
An Irishman at the depot yesterday
studied coach with sleeping car" on its
side, with some curiosity. ''Shure," he
finally remarked, I'D loike to see wax
ing ONE
PETER has whined around so much in
the east, that at the Boston banquet they
it so, that Immediately after his
speech the sweetest wine would come, so
that the sour tnste wouldn't be left in the
guests mouth
Sheldon, TIE topeka preacher who few
months ago disguised himself as a laborer
and went about asking for work, last Sun
lay invited couple of mechanics to ap-
pear in his pulpit and tell why they did
not belong to the church. They appeared
and explained that the church was full of |
hypocrites.