davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

An explosion of a gasoline lamp in house
on the corner of Blair and Mackubin street,
called out part of the fire department last
evening shortly after Z. The damage was
nominal.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
ONLY S3.o8.

A "B. & H." Banquet
Lamp, gold finish, Cupid
design, open work fount,
heavy square cast foot, Cor
inthian column,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
ONLY $500.

Connection" Piano Lamp,
with two square onyx tables,
top I2XI2,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
Worth $1,000
The Good Derived From
Hoods SarsapariIIa

Burlington, Vt, June 6, 1891.
six months ago was badly run down, I'M
able to attend to business because of indiges-
ton and
Dyspepsia
I was very nervous had no appetite, and
what did eat distressed me. l grew worse.
lost flesh and almost hope. Was told that if
wished TO live must go away for change
and rest. l felt Too Weak To Get
Away. But finally went, and came home
feeling about as bad as ever. Then took
two bottles of Hoods Sarsaparilla and feel
better than for 5 years. am as hearty as
when boy. Have regained my flesh, have
good appetite, sleep well. and My Nerves
are in excellent condition. 1 would not
value $1,000 for what
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
FOR S2l.OO.

Our fancy China Course Sets, etc.,
surpass anything we have ever
shown. We have just placed on
sale remarkable bargain in
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
For MEN AND BOYS.

The best values ever Of
fered.
Mems medium weight Natural Gray Wool
Shirts and Drawers, soft and pleasant to the
touch, all sizes, 81 o. each.
Mems medium heavy English Black Cash
mere Hose. high-splieed heels, double soles
and toes, S2.25 per box containing half
dozen We can't afford to sell these at this
price in less quantities.
Boys Heavy Ribbed Black Wool School
Hose regular made, sizes 6 to sIs, CSC per
pair.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Progressive Spiritualist society will holdua
conference meeting at l0:3) a. M and lect-
ure at p. m. in odd Fellows hall, corner of
Wabasha and Fifth streets. Mr.. Lowell. of
Anoka, win be the speaker at both meetings.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

DR.. Paxton has removed his Office to
Odd Fellows Block. opposite Postoffice.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
ONLY $3.50.

A daylight Banquet
Lamp, new design, with
bronze figure for base,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Window Shades 15c,
Worth 40e, at the Fire Sale, POS East
Seventh, corner Sibley.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
A.

Our China importations
are now nearly all in, and
we are showing some espe-
cially goodvalues all through
the line.
Ioo-piece Dinner Set from
the celebrated English pot
terry of Wedgewood & Co.
in the new French gray pat
tern, The Orleans,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Harding and All Sids Fun i'll Wash
House. with Emerson, is very funny.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Curtain Swiss, with embroidered and
WIDE
81 Cents
A yard formerly sold at soc
Browns Madras Lace, As inches wide,
good assortment of colors, 4Oc yard actual
retail value 60c.
Rope Portieres, 10 and
% strands, variety of col
ors, So. SO.
Our great Chenille Cur
tains, 81 yards long, fringed
top and bottom, plain or
with dado,
SO. so
Per Pair. Well match these
against any $500 Curtains
in the market.
Mail orders receive the
benefit of all special prices.
Catalogue and Price Lists
mailed free upon applica-
ton.
zs a zz
Field, MAILER & Co
ST. PAUL.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Griffin and Marks diamond medals exhibit
ton during the Emerson engagement.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
Hosiery and Underwear.

Here we are again at our
old custom of telling of our
best things in plain, small,
modest type.
Ladies' Heavy Ribbed Vests and Drawers,
Ecru and Natural Gray we'll shaped, made
from Egyptian Yarn, so cents each
3, Ladies Heavy Plain Natural Gray Atwood
Vests and Pants, of soft, fine finish TO prevent
irritation; Vests have French roll at neck
/ and ribbed skirt. Price S100 each.
Ladies' Heavy Natural Gray or Fast Black
Wool Mon Suits, Slight mixture of cotton
to prevent shrinking. all sizes, $3.50.
Ladies' English Black Cashmere Hose,
spliced heels and toes, at soc per pair; better
quality than is usually sold at 65c.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

The annual donation of the ''Sheltering
Arms will be held at the home on Emerson
avenue north, Minneapolis, Thursday, Oct.
8. from to 6 p. m. Luncheon will be served
to visitors. We extend a cordial invitation
to all; come and see what we are doing for
the children. The entire house will be open,
and the directors will be glad to welcome all.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

We have always in BANKsufficient of orr
OWN funds to purchase within a few hours
all good improved and vacant property mort
gage loans offered.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

There is one thing of which this CITY
is in crying need, and that is a device
by means of which one can distinguish
the different lines of cars after dark.
They all go SO fast and look so much
alike that it is impossible to tell one
from another. 1t really ought to be
zone, though one hardly likes to suggest
improvements to the street railway Of
1icials, for if they increase in austerity
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
$500.

The Lorraine" Gust received, an
underglaZe blue border pattern;
beauty. This we shall carry in
open stock" Or we sell 100 pieces
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
PROPOSALS
-FOR-
ARTESIAN WELL

OFFICE BOARD OF WATER COMMISSIONERS, !
ST. PAUL, Oct. 3. 1891 (
Sealed proposals will be received at the
Office of the Board of Water Commissioners
until II O'Clock m, October 90 1891. for the
sinking of ten (l0) inch artesian well TO a
depth of from 400 to $50 feet at Vadnais
Lake, according to specifications on file in
this Office.
A bond with at least two (2) sureties. in a
sum of at least twenty (20) per cent of the
gross amount bid. or a certified check for
three hundred (300) dollars. must accompany
each bid, conditioned upon the execution Of
the contract, if awarded.
The Board of Water Commissioners re-
serves the right to reject any and all bids
Bids must be Endorsed, proposals for Ar
tesian Well" and addressed to the under
signed JOHN CAULFIELD.
Secretary Board Water Commissioners.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
Greatest dancing octette in America one of
the Emerson minstrel features.

Now that the New York Presbyter-
ians have seen fit to amend that part OF
their confession of faith which relates
to the doctrine of predestination, a
slightly irreligious story told by Min
neapolis clergyman at the Sunday
school convention at st. Johns, WedneS-
day, is very timely. The Minneapolis
rector has in his Sunday school pre-
cociOus boy of about ten, who has a
keen interest in subjects beyond his
years.
what do you think of Henry
George" the rector asked him.
''Well. think every man ought to
pay taxes OH all his property, land or
not" thoughtfully replied the young
Ster.
And what do you think of predesti-
nation?" The boy hadn't heard OF it,
but when it was explained that predes
tination is a doctrine which teaches that
certain people are born into the world
and destined to be saved, while others
are to be eternally lost. he pondered a
moment, and then said: "Well, that
won't work in the West. This is free
country" RUTH KIMBALL.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
The Derby Walking and Dress
Gloves
Marvellous Inventions on Exhibit
tfOn

tion.
The st. Paul GaslIght Company has
on exhibition in its offices in the New
York Life Insurance building two of
the most remarkable inventions for
heating by gas ever seen in this city.
One of them is the Backus Portable
Steam Heater. 1t consists of an open
fireplace with Gas log. The log is filled
with water, and is connected with
steam reservoir by two wrought iron
pipes. The heat from the log generates
steam, thus providing, in addition to
gas log, an isolated steam plant.
which can be placed in any room
in the house. The one on exhibit
ton was ordered for a prominent
physician of st. Paul, and is shortly
to be pleased in his residence. The tes-
timonials furnished by the manufactur
erS of this little wonder are mainly from
prominent physicians East. and there
are Instances where furnaces have been
taken out OF their residences and these
heaters placed in each room throughout
the house. 1t is claimed to be the most
healthful system of heating yet discov-
cred. They have also on exhibition
new heating stove, which can be bought
for very moderate price. 1t is made
of perforated iron, having thick coat
ing OF white enamel Inside and out, with
gilt trimmings. 1t has band inside of
colored glass, and when lighted presents
very handsome appearance. Its heat
is wonderful. A reporter for this paper
was told to hold a match some three feet
above the stove, when, much to his
surprise, the match was lighted from
the heat thrown OFT. This really won
derful stove represents by far the great
est improvement yet made in gas-heat-
ing stoves. Its great popularity bias
been fully demonstrated by the fact that
thousands have already been sold in
Chicago alone this season since its in
PRODUCTION, and the Gas Light company
here have been able to get only few of
those which they have ordered. They
are very useful in bed rooms in case of
sickness during the night when the
furnace fire is low, or are convenient
before the furnace fire is lighted in the
fall, owing to the fact that they are very
light and can be carried from room to
room, the only connection necessary
being piece of mohair tubing that can
be attached to any bracket or chandelier.
One should visit the Office of the Gas
Light company and see these wonderfui
hnn fl. IN,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
ONLY Sm.o8.

1.-THE Clytie," our new white and
gold pattern in semi-pOrcelain, con-
sidered the handsOmest modelled set
i'll the country; 112 pieces for
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Are arriving daily in every
department, embracing all
the newest designs and latest
novelties, all marked at P0b-
uIar Prices. We have Just
received some especially
good things in
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Never Have Children's Clothes
Been prettier or cheaper. The "Plym-
Outh."
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

Curtain Swiss, with embroidered and
woven figures i'll white and coIors, 10 inches
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04

ST. Paul Title !.Sranee and Trust Co.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-10-04
Hoods SarsapariIIa
S SIS, 900 Capital and Surplus!

did for me-" T.A.wHE EIoek. Burlington, VT
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14

Af,sr Bis lecture before the journalistic
.lass nj Cornell university sophomore
rked iii Perkins when he became a jour
nallst,
"ssver,r said III. bu, do hope tha3
after twenty years moro experience 70 De-
come n newspaper man"
"well. what Is the dificronoew asked the
sophomore.
aJust this, my son." said FIJI. "a cal.
low reporter calls himself journalist,
As George Wclsbops says, In his hrst tad
pole stage, when his head Is swellcd,' he Il
a journalist. ~ he fnally shows great
brain and industry, and ESCAPES the fool
KILLER, he may become reporter. Aftgr
years Of study and toll, and when bis brain
j. stuffed with wisdom. wit and discretion
enough 20 NIL his own editorials aud
makeup Of sixteen page Sunday c'ii'
tlon. then l say he's a Newspaper man"
''rhcn this Is NJ high In the profession as
be can gotf
"Yes, he IL now NJ the pinnacle ny and
by. when no gets lazy aud stiif aud old aud
stupid. they reduce him to the position Of
editor.
AN editor Il n dccaycd newspaper man
with bunions on biz brain, chilblalns on
his heart, corns In bis ears, aud warta and
dyspepsia on HE liver The business Of
the editor Ia 10 sleep up town all day, and
at night ho prowls around n newspaper
Office, aud Mt midnight he takes blue
pencil and assassinhtes every bright and
readable idea that the smart reporters have
brought IN during the day.
1.-THE editor l. all splthet, while the TO
porter IL all proof. The editor calls a man
chicken thief and gets sued for libel,
while the reporter, kodak In hand, Inter
views him while picking % the feathers In
his hack yard, and the next day the thief
takes whole page advertisement TO shut
up the newspaper.
mo" continued Eli; II hope am q
newspaper man. and ! dread tho time
when shall get old and stupid aud have
~ Kill my own bright things which made
the people Glad, sold newspapers aud made
Americans know me"-lIrandon Buck.
saw.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14


Macmillan was not the royal thisi
some would hayo Us believe. lilo WA
visited at Trieste by large delegation
of representative MoNicans. who ten.
dercd him tho Mexican sceptcr, and Il
was only after mature consideration
and counsel with tho leading minds OF
Europe that no accepted tho proiIercd
crown. When betrayed at Quorutaro
by Mexican perildy and condemned 10
be shot, through tho intercession OF
American officers no was offered his
freedom.
And what Of Mlramon and McjlaH
said the emperor. They nrc McIicans,
traitors TO their country, and must die. Z"
''rhcn ! die with them" said tho noble
Austrian, and tho noNt day witnessed
tho most tragic scene ever enacted on
this continent-tho execution Of Maxi
milan. emperor OF Mexico. and his two
faithful generals In the light of his.
tory MAMMALIAN will 10 regarded as an
unfortunate prince, whose sole ambi,
ton would have been the happiness Of
his people had hc succeeded In cstab-
fishing tho Mexican empire. -Menarl.
villo Crcx.) Record.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14

Every railway. trivrlcr knows tho die
comfort and annoyance which are caused
by a hurried attempt to discover the name
ofasiopplng place. onaoold. windy night,
m the train draws into a station, one may
hayu 10 lower the window. shout frantical.
ly 10 porter. aud perhaps learn when
once moro Ia motion that this very station
Il ones destination after all. Or one may
b. crossing England from the north with
m elderly nervous lady. who will NIX at
intervals from the border downward,
"IIow many more stations Il Il 10 London,
pleascw
In the early days Of tho railroad. before
station names wcru oycrhadowed, A. they
now are, by tho staring advertisements Of
traders, this feature Of railway travel NJ.
trtctod the atteniion Of Inventors. Thirty
years ago two frunchmen patented In thI.
country u dsvioc-for which they secured
provisional protection only-for placing
In each compartment an apparatus operated
upon by the guard or other Official In such
manner a. 10 bring the name of zach sta.
tion In succession Into Wow before the train
arrives
Since that time SCORES Of Ingenious at
tempts have been made 10 solve the prob.
lem Of station Indicator, and NJ least
three doSsnof them have been accepted by
the pat.nt Office ~ novel combinations
Inventlycnoss Ia this direction has not been
confined TO engineering experts; many q
mana florist OF n photographer. n wool
htapler or game deiler--has set his wits
10 work In overcome tho evil. Although
automatic arrangements Of this sort are 10
.. msi with hers and there Ia the stats.
bntr'. railway men have not hitherto
shown much eAgrsne-s Tor this ncedtui re
form.-Chambefs Journal
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14
eogRs AND DIAMONDS.
Some vsry Istsr.stinE Informstioa FROM
the Transvssi.

'eThe Boer IL a diamond In the rough.
lie IL a sort Of ancient patriarch; a
fanatic who sees good In everything, no
matter how trivinl. lie pnys aud sings
and assumes even more religion than he
feels Ho Is n farmer by nature and Is
satisfied with his calling. IIistwo great
ambitions are TO have tho finest horse
In the colony and TO know how TO ride
him, and 10 have the finest rife In tho
colony and to know how TO use H. The
Boor loves the English civilian and
welcomes him, but hates the English
soldier. lie Is n tall, line looking speci-
men Of mankind, albeit little greasy
and dirty, with long beard that the
razor has mover touched. Tho chaac-
ter Of Waldo's father. which Miss
schreiner has drawn In The Story Of
an African Fnrm, Is a perfect type that
you 800 quite frequently.
1.-THE English arc quito content 10
have tho Transyaal remain under the
Bocr government In fact, they would
hatc 10 SEQ Il otherwise, rs those who
live there feel very hnrhly toward
England for not having come TO their
assistance when they were defeated. "
Speaking Of tho diamond fields, Mr..
Scarvllo sald that the Kimberley mines
have been consolidated by that won
derful young genius. Cecil Rhodes, the
great friend Of Lord Salisbury aud tho
Boon alike. Rhodes has amalganatcd
all Of the COMPARES Into one vast cor.
poration that controls the output 81 tho
world. Tho Brazilian mines were
bought out by II and closed down DO
cause they did not pay. Outside OF the
~ per cent. Of the diamond supply
from India, the remainder comes from
the Kimberley fields. The white stones,
called tho brazilian stones, that arc NJ
rnro and costly, come from the mines
In tho Kimberley fields called tho
Jagcrsfonteln and the Bulientcln.
Cecil Rhodes and hls associates made
tho calculation that tho Worlds month.
ly supply Of diamonds was 200, 900.
Thercupon they limited the output 10
ESQ, 900 and put tho price up ono
third They contemplate u further TO.
striction and nm added cost
Mr. scarcllo exhibited several spccl.
mems Of diamonds In tho rough, which
II Is necessary 10 have permit to carry
IN tho Transvaal. lie also showed tho
permit. Among his curious collections
Ia n largo spcclinsn OF what Is called
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14

l don't suppose there Ia one paper collar
sold la 81. Louis where there used To 10 a
hundred. The ccllulold collar makes III
Tie headway, but the paper collar has fewer
friends every month. They nouFished
twenty years ago. aud tho receipt. from
paper collars then were higher than for
any article In the store, for men wore now
collars daily, and their very ohcapness en-.
gcndered eStrayaganoc In th"iruse. Hour
could 10 spent describing TIE evolution OF
the paper collar, The hut experiments
were with view to Increasing the already
substantial popularity Of the article, but of
late years tho attempt has bcon made 10
check the rapid dying out Of the fashion Of
wearing the collar which never WANT
washing.
For long time n linen face has been put
on and the papor feature kept In the back.
ground. Bu even this additional expense
In the cost Of manufacture without /, cor.
responding increase Ia the selling price
has failed to stem the tide, and now the Dc.
maud Il quite small. Ia the early seven.
tloa, when paper oollan were ordered ~
many A. i,0D.uo NJ a Tine fortunes weru
made by the manufacturers. but there eau.
not DO very much money In the buslncs.
now.-lnteryiuw In ST Louis Globc. Demo
gfat.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14
TERRITORIAL CONVENTION
Called 10 Meet AT the Salt Lake Thea
ire on the Goth ~ the Present
Month.

whereas, ~ n meeting n tho Democrat
10 Territorial central committee ~ liah
Territory held IN Salt Lake city on June
20, 1891, the following resolution was
adopted.
"fho chairman Of tho central commit
tee with the campaign committee are
authorized 10 call a Territorial cpnven.
ton when In their opinion they shall
deem the same oxpediont or noco'-
snry."
A Territorial convention Of the Domo-
cratic party OF Utah u hornby called To
mooi ~ the Theatre. In Salt lake CITY, on
Monday, the 21ih day OF July, \. D.lhHl,
~ ~ m, for the purpose ~ elociing a
Territorial central committee aud To
transact such other business as may come
before said convention.
To convention will consist Of $50 delo-
gates allotted to tho several counties as
follows
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14

An aneedote Is told OF n physician
who was called TO foreign family to
prescribe for n ease of incipicnt con.
sumption. lie gave them u prescription
for pills and wrote tho direction, zone
pill 10 be taken three times day, In
any convenient vehicle" Tho family
looked In the dictionary to get the
meaning Of the prescription. They got
on well ill they got To the word ''velii.
Gle" They found Il was defined os
''cart, wagon, carrihge, wheelbarrow. "
After grave consideration they came 10
the conclusion that the doctor meant
that the patient should ride out, aud
while In the vehicle take tho pill. He
followed tho advice TO the letter, and
In few weeks the fresh air aud oyer'
else secured tho advantage which other.
wiso might not have come. Exchange.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14
InronrANT.


Commenting July ist, pfoximo, the
Rio Gandr Western will begin OPP
Grating the Sewer Valley Branch NJ
fat south ~ Shlina, SEWER County.
In addition n opening up line a. a
number of important towns In SEWER
aud SAnpcte Counties, the rich and
much talked Of Marysvale Mining
District IL brought within about thirty
miles nearer railroad communication
than heretofore.
The now stations are Sterling, Gun
nison, Willow Creek and SalinA
Freight win DO received from all these
points, hut should boprepaid excepting
10 SAlinh. For passenger rates and
schedule call nj ticket offices.
J. II. BENNETT, Gen'l FIT. 4 Pass,
Apnni.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14

Tarantulas are considered deadly foes "a
each other aud ARE seldom found IN com.
psny When imprisoned together there IA
n light, one succumbs and Is eaten by thu
victor. Nature has done n service In max
ing the tarantula NO hldeous aud formula.
Bile looking an object Indeed, II n owing
to this responsiveness. that no greater mum.
her Of persons arc stung The sight Of tho
greai hairy spider crawling near by will
cause a cold urues,ing sensation down the
back OF almost anv ont' s,
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14

An army captain, discussing tho proba.
bllitics regarding the effect OF smokelc-s
powder ON tho tactical operation. Of tho
future, says that infantry will gain by tho
increased facilities for iiru discipline aud
control, improved shooting. non. betrayal
IL the presence Of skirmishers In broken
ground. Of sen,ries on outpost duties and
Of the firing lino Of defense, "a well IN by
the facilities foreombined action, while, on
tho other hand, there will 10 greater cx'
posutr. Dcployment will take nlAc,
farther from the enemy, and the defcnss
will gain In frontal attack over opcr
ground, York Telegram.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1891-07-14

An enthusiastic amateur photographer
employs a pretty process In producing ~
Photographic menu card, W that when he
gives dinner he presents To each guest .
photograph Of the house In which they are
sitting, or, II pieuic, a photograph OF the
scenes they are going 10 visit. On this
card also appears the menu and the name
Of the host and hostess, All that be- doe.
to obtain this result is to leave on the card
sufficient space 10 write tho menu, aud
then prints the negative on paper that
takes ordinary ink. The cards ara neat
aud instructive, and form valuable me
montos for each guest. -Cileinnatl In.
quirer.