Southern standard. (McMinnville, Tenn.) 1879-current, 1891-08-08

anu lloluS w HcdIiy AJO,UUU nedu.
For last year, 1890, the official returns
of the cattle trade show that Ameri>
can exports amounted TO asa, GAG cat,
tie and 1904 sheep. The exporta-
ton of sheep from the United States
and Canada, it is worth noting, has
constantly declined. This falling off,
however, is being more than covered,
so far as England is affected, by the
remarkably increasing trade in these
animals carried on by the Argentine
Republic. Buenos Ayres last year
shipped to England only $50 head of
cattle, but more than $4,000 sheep
reached the port of Liverpool from
the River Plate.
AT the beginning of this transatlan-
tic trade in Illuminating animals, laws
were framed so as to compel, as far as
possible, such care and treatment of
the beasts as would insure their safe
and healthful transit by sea and dur
ing embarkation and debarkation.
These laws were English, the trade
being carried exclusively in English
ships, and the benefit accruing being
largely confined to Englishmen. The
orders and regulations established
provided for the combining of the cat
tie in pens of certain dimensions on
board ship, for the proper ventilation
of these pens, for the necessary sup>
ply of food and water at sea, and for
the inspection and disposal ofthe car
60 upon arrival.
The expansion of the business and
the benefit arising thereflom to stock
raisers in the United States, induced
the lawmakers of our country to
frame code for the benefit of all con-
cerned, especially Of the poor cattle,
Under these laws there is required a
careful veterinary inspection of all
cattle and sheep for expectation to
Great Britain and Ireland, which in>
spection must be made first at all the
stock yards in Kansas City, Chicago,
Buffalo and Pittsburg, and secondly
at the following ports of export,
namely: New York, Boston, PhilaN
delphia, Baltimore, Norfolk and
Newport News. All cattle that pass
inspection at the yards are tagged,
and then shipped through in clean
well-ventilated cars to the places OF
embarkation, where after re-inspec-
ton, they are taken aboard ship.
One of the best acts of the last Con-
gress was the law of March, 1891
providing for the safe transport and
humane treatment of export cattle
from the United States to foreign
countries by which the supervision
of the trade and the administration
of the laws were given to the Secre'
tary of Agriculture.
Liverpool takes the largest share o
the Atlantic cattle trade, though
Glasgow, Southampton, London
Cardiff, and one or two other place.
share in it. For supplying thes'
ports in the year 1889, more than 20t
steamers were employed; the ton
mage, gross, of these vessels exceed
ed 100000; the number of voyage
made aggregated over $50, and tn
number of cattle transported wa
greater than $4,000,
A variety of ships is employed 70
the transaction of this large freigh
business. Some of them are special
ly designed and built for the carry
ing of the cattle, many others hav
been altered expressly for the pur
pose, some ships are chartered as tn
: occasion demands, and finally som
tramp ships are used.
The value of these vessels as cattl
| carriers decreases in the order abov
f given. For instance, the chartere,
steamer is not likely to be so desira
l BILE as the altered steamer, becaus
! her accommodations, ventilation
etc., will not compare favorably wit
those specially built and specially fiji
t ted neither will her officers and me
}. have the necessary experience
: Tramp steamers regularly employee
4 are not Objectionable; they run o
). regular routes like all the othe
t steamers, and are not needlessly Ion
s on the voyage ; but it is against sue
a tramps as are only casually employ
: ed and that go seeking cargoes in an
+ direction, that much of the outer
i has been raised by humane person
y as to the suffering and loss of cattl
g on board ship.
: Notwithstanding all the drawbacks
: to the proper and remunerative ira