The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-01-16
He bauls his manure directly from the stable

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put it out on snow but there might be some
loss if it were put on ground coated with ice.
what is the cheapest and best source OF
obtaining nitrogen for plant food ?"
Prof Alvord.-Keeping plenty of stock
and feeding well, Or by the direct applica-
ton of cotton seed meal to the soil, it being
safer and cheaper for this purpose than any
thing else available.
"Is there any material loss to the farmer by
throwing rough corn stalks into the barn
yard instead of cutting them up fine and feed.
ing them to cattle?"
Prof Alvord said there is no manurial
value to speak of in corn stalks Turning
them into manure Is simply way of getting
rid of them.
SIS the use of plaster beneficial in the barn
yard at this time of the year" I.
Prof. Alvord said plaster will do no good
when the weather ia very cold, but he would
advise its use right along. Plaster is useful
in fixing ammonia.
Prof. Thos. L. Brunk, of the Maryland
Agricultural College. spoke of the waste Of
manure on farms Southern people are SELL
ing cotton seed at So per ton to Northern
people, when 1t is worth 1874. After passing
through the animal it is still worth from $16
to $50 per ton for manurial purposes
Manure should be kept where animals can
tramp on it and free from rain. 1t thereby
gets into better shape. decomposes more
readily and becomes available for plant food.
Mr.. ]. P. Silver asked if there is any food
virtue in the corn cob. r
HARTFORD AT THE WORLDS FAIR. .
Prof. Alvord said the cob is poorer, as food,
than any other part of the stalk. 1t is valua-
BILE to tighten clear corn meal but it is all
open question whether it pays to grind
cobs or not.
The Secretary read the following resolu-
tions offered by the Fallston Farmers Club:
WHEREAS. our county, with its temperate eli
mate valuable mineral resources, low lands and
high lands, running water and tidewater, and with
its proximity to the large cities is notwithstand-
And whereas, there is in many States OF our
Union and with good results an earnest effort be
ing made to call the attention of capitalists to the
natural advantages of their respective localities ;
therefore. be it
Resolued, That we, the citizens of Hartford county
make an earnest and systematic effort to prepare
county exhibit and have it c0nspicuously located
in our State exhibit at the Worlds Fair in $685. to
be held in Ghcag 60 and further 7, be it
appoint a committee of five to prepare plan OF
procedure and report at the next meeting Of the
Farmers Convention.
The President appointed on the committee
G. l.. Vail, A. P. Silver, F. W. Baker and
w. T. L. Taliaferro.
lu0 lOllOWluR WClC CICCtCu uClCkdtO6 ~ buC
State Farmers Convention, to be held in Bal.
timOre
Henry Macatee, J. P. Silver, VIM B. Baker,
WIN. P. Trimble and Joseph T. Hopes.
IRRIGATING WESTERN LANDS.
Mr. w. T. l.. Taliaferro read the following
resolution, offered by Mr.. B. F. Warner:
ReSolued, That inasmuch as the agricultural in
terests of the United States are now suffering from
low prices OF farm products caused by oyer-produc-
rio z iS II n ~
propriate money from the national treasury for the
irrigation of the arid lands of the west.
Messrs. Talaferro, Warner, VIM. M. Edelin,
and VIM. P. Trimble favored the resolution,
and Messrs. Horace B. Twining, Joseph T.
Hopes, G. L. Vail and Haviland Hull object.
ed, more or less, to it, but vote being taken
it was carried.
Prof. Brunk, who is the Horticulturist at
the State Experiment Station, delivered an
interesting address on
PRUNING.
Pruning, he said, is most important work
but it is usually done in hap-hazard manner.
Every man who owns tree knows how TO
prune this way. He goes at it with axe,
hatchet and saw, beginning at the roots and
working upward. With fruit trees you begin
at the top and work downward. He did
not see why fruit, even peaches, could not be
confined with potato growing. If you have
not varieties which succeed here it is our
business to find you something that will
grow. In Iowa peaches from China have
been introduced upon the bleak prairies and
stand the coolest winters.
Prof Brunk recommended to fruit growers
two books-"Fruit Trees" by NJ. DuBreuil,
and "Horticulturist's Rule Book" published
by the Garden Publishing Co., of New York.
The Professor showed some samples of nur-
sery stock, and said that experience will
demonstrate that in setting out tree the
fibrous roots are OF no account, but We want
original roots of fair size. In setting out trees
he showed how he would clip of the fbrous
roots and the ends of the larger roots, espe-
cally those which were torn or bruised
After the tree is firmly planted in the ground
he would cut the stalk down to within 10 or
IS inches from the ground, leaving about five
nice living buds on the stub. The
reason for this is that peaches as well as
pears grow readily from cuttings and the
young tree is really nothing but cutting
The roots should be spread out when the tree
is planted. Each stub throws out roots and
these seem to be what the tree wants rather
than the original roots.
The trees must be we'll cultivated. In most
cases the top bud gives the most growth; if
80, nip of the long branches. The main
thing, with pear trees, is to get the lower
branches we'll established. The tree should
be developed Into pyrmidal form, by keep
ing the top cut back.
He showed how to trim the second years
growth, by cutting each top branch back to
a good healthy side branch and shortening the
lateral twigs, SO as not to leave too many
bearing buds ON the tree. A blossom will
appear for every bud, but the tree, not hav-
ing power to develop all of them, they fall
Apple trees should be cultivated in vase
form. The most important thing is to let
the main branches come out near the roots.
By this means you get more fruit, you eau
gather it and can spray the tree easily TO de-
etroy insects.
Nurserymen trim off the lower branches
merely because customers want the trees that
way. Don't order trees with large tops and
dou't try to get fruit bearing trees in one
year.
In the ordinary pruning of young trees,
the first year, large number OF buds are left,
which drain the tree and weaken it. lieut.
back to about five buds the efforts of the tree
are concentrated and you get an enormous
growth. Prune the tops of your high trees;
cut of the long branches next to some thrifty
branch. Then trim the smaller branches
back to the fruit buds. Cut the top branches
most and the lower branches least.
Fall is the best season to set out tree but
he would not prune them until spring. In
setting them out in the fall, cut off part of
the top, to keep them from swaying in the
wind, and cut them lower 10 the spring.
March is the best month in which to trim an
old orchard. 1t is mistake to trim all the
small twigs naked. The best fruit is that
found in the shade.
Raspberry vines should be trimmed in
March. 1t is mistake to stake raspberries.
They should be pluned 30 as to stake them
selves.
He advised thorough cultivation while the
trees are young, feeding them nitrogen in
the shape of cotton seed meal and bone and
ashes when ready for fruiting.
Red June and Early Harvest apples may
be set 18 by IS feet apart, and large growing
varities IS to 30 feet apart.
If he desired to renovate an old apple
orchard he would cultivate 1t. Hogs are a
splendid thing in an orchard.
Mr. Haviland Hull suggested that trees
might be trimmed too much, and iDstanced
long-lived trees which were never pruned.
Prof. Brunk remarked that fruit trees are
an artificial product and art must be used to
produce the best results with them. Some
trees are naturally longer lived than others.
Using wrong root stocks is often the cause
of short-lived trees. Don't buy pear trees
unless on Japan stock, he added.
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