davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
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PITTED PLATES.
The Causes of the Pitting of Boiler Plates
and a Simple Preventive.

The Causes of the Pitting of Boiler Plates
and a Simple Preventive.
Growing is often found in boilers around
the stay bolts of water legs or furnaces.
radiating from the bolts as centers. The
plates probably bend backward and for
ward slightly under the varying pressures.
and though the 6exure and consequent al
teration of the surface may be too small to
be seen, it may be great enough to start in
cipient cracks and open up the iron to the
action of the water.
An instance of pitting, which seems to
be due to this cause, is described and illus
trated by The Locomotive as follows: "The
pieces which the cuts represent were cut
from a horizontal tubular boiler forty
eight inches in diameter which had been
in use about six years in a nail works. The
plates were of steel, one quarter of an inch
thick and the boiler was set over a blast
furnace, the waste gases from which are
used in the place of fuel The lap from
which these pieces were cut came directly
over the vertical fiue through which the
furnace gases were admitted to the boiler
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
CHIEF BUcHAcAN of he Words Colum,

CHIEF BUCHACAN of he Words Colum>
bian Exposition live stock department
has sent out about 1900 copies of the
live stock premium list to the various
fair and breeders associations of the
country, and is IT ceiving responses which
show that the live stock exhibit at the ex-
position will be something tremendous.
Besides the large premiums offered by the
exposition for live stock exhibit, all the
various breeders associations are Offering
large prizes, notably for shorthorns,
Herefords and Jerseys. As an evidence
of the widespread interest taken in the
live stock show A. E. Marsell, of Shrop-
shire. England, offers prize of $500 for
the best American bred Shropshire ram.
The state of Illinois offers $40 600 in
premiums for live stock; the Clydesdale
horse breeders offer IS, 600 extra prizes;
the cattle associations offer extra prizes
as follows: Galloway. $1,000; shorthorn,
$4,000; Hereford. IS 600; Jersey. s16.-
600, and Holstein. $4,000. The swine,
sheep and dog breeders also offtr extra
money prizes. The money prizes to be
paid for live stock will amount to $780,
600 or more, which, of course, includes
the sum of $50 COO voted by the EXPOSE
ton company for premiums in that de-
partment. The exposition building for
the accom- mediation of live stock will
cover 80 acres.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
Ind ustrial Memoranda.

Popular Science News furnishes the fol-
lowing:
For a good cement that will stick muslin
to bunting, boil together two parts shellac,
one part borax and sixteen parts of water
The surface must not be greasy.
One day in 1890, when a working jeweler,
Joseph elliott. later the famous steel pen
maker, accidentally split one of his fine
steel tools. and being suddenly required to
sign receipt, not finding his quill pen at
hand, he used the split tool rs a ready sub
stitute- The happy accident led to the
idea of making pens of steel.
A process has been recently invented by
which iron may be coppered by dipping it
into melted copper, the surface of the iron
being protected by layer of melted ergo
lite and phosphoric acid.
A German inventor has devised a new
material which is intended as a substitute
for leather in many of its uses. This ma
terial consists of panels of wood, with wire
netting between, the whole being glued to-
gether under heavy pressure.
a good recipe for making waterproof
cement to be used in constructing aquari-
ums, is to take twenty-five parts gutta
percha in shreds and melt it carefully. Add
seventy-fve parts ground pumice stone,
and then mix in $50 parts Burgundy pitch
and melt well together.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

FIG. IA PlTTED PLATE OUTER lap
Naturally there were great and sudden
variations in the temperature to which the
lap was exposed, and the expansion and
contraction of the plates at the lap must
have been sudden and violent. At one mo-
ment steam would be blowing off freely at
ninety pounds, and a few minutes after
ward the gauge would show only forty
pounds. The plates, being light, would
readily transmit heat through to the wa
ter, while the lap, being thicker. would
not part with its heat so readily, and there
would frequently be a considerable differ
ence in temperature between the lap and
the plates, which would cause the adjacent
parts of the plates to twist and buckle
slightly. Water would enter the small
assures so produced and attack the metal,
fresh surface of which would be contin-
ually exposed, and the higher and more
varied the temperature became the more
active would be the buckling and corrosion
such changes in pressure would natu-
rally be accompanied by slight changes in
the form of the boiler. The lap being
sitter than the plates, the greatest motion
would take place along the edge of the lap
where the two come together, and we
should expect to find the pitting and
growing most severe at this point. This
Is the fact in almost every such case 1t is
indicated in Fig. l, and il Fig. 2 it is evil
dent that the rivet heads exercised a sim
liar stiffening power over the inside lap,
for the outlines OF the rivet heads may be
easily traced by the pitting that took place
along their edges where the motion of the
metal composing the inner lap was great
est"
When boilers are set, as this one was,
over a fiue leading from a blast furnace,
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

Professor 6. E. Foote, in paper read be-
fore a meeting Of scientific societies in
Washington. spoke of a geological forma-
ton that gave rise to some very interesting
suggestions. His thesis was based upon
the claim that in a collection of very re-
markable specimens of meteoric iron, found
on the side of Crater mountain, Arizona, he
had discovered diamonds. Crater mountain
rises abruptly 432 feet above the surround
Ing plain. The walls of the so called era
ter, which are very steep, are formed Of
sandstone and limestone, and are lifted at
an angle of 40 degs. But as no lava or
other volcanic products are found, the hol-
low cannot be considered true crater. As
this depression is of similar character to
that from which the diamonds at Kimber-
ly, South America, are dug, why should
not diamonds abound In Arizona, New
Mexico and Mexico, which are the richest
regions for meteoric iron in the worlda
Professor Foote'S theories are among the
poundest advanced in the sea of specula-
ton or the production of diamonds of the
past decade. But as the conclusions OF
science are often too premature and too
positive, the letter of the learned gentle
mans proposition must not be accepted
without the proof derived from thorough
investigation, says The Jewellers Circular.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
Scotch Cakes,

This is recipe used daily in Scotch fam
lily: Take one pound of flour, one teaspoon
fufof carbonate of soda and cream of tar
tar respectively; mix it well and make it
into substantial paste by stirring into
the same with a spoon sufficient quaint
ty of buttermilk or sour milk. When the
paste is of proper consistency. roll it out,
not too thin, cut into cakes and bake on a
griddle or on any iron plate on the top Of a
brisk fire.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
Cstarrh In New England i.

Ely's Cream Balm gives satisfaction to
every one using it for catarrhal troubles
g. K. Mellor. druggist. Worcester, Mass,
l believe Ely's Cream Balm is the bes,
article for catarrh ever offered the public
Bush & Co., druggists. Worcester
Mass.
An article of real merit &C P. Alden
druggist. Springfield. Mass.
Those who use it speak highly of it,
George A. Hill. druggist. Springfield
Mass.
Cream Balm has given satisfactory re-
suits. w. P. Draper. druggist, Spring
field. Mass
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

In 1868, when high protective tariff
had just been put on wool in order to en-
courage wool growing. there were 1851, :
900 sheep in Iowa. In 1890, after twenty
two years Of protection, and after the
population Of the state had increased
more than three fold, the number of
sheep had fallen off to 10000 loss Of
more than two million sheep. The popu-
lation of the state has increased three
fold, the sheep have decreased four
fifths.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
You is to a more or less extent costly

You Is to a more or less extent costly
being from the time you open your eyes
until you close them ION the last scene
of all" death. 1t costs something to
live and a good deal to die; In fact,
everything costs Some one estimates
that getting born costs the people of the
United States s25O.000,O00 annually.
getting n aIried, $500, co., goo, and get
ting buried $75,O0O.C0o.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

An order for so, 100000 feet of yellow
pine lumber has been given by the Ger
man government to Louisiana and Mis-
sissippi mills. And yet our precious Nc
Kinleyites fancy that their humbug
iuty ON lum Der protects" the American
forests and American sawmils!
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

FIG. IA PITTED PLATE (INNER lap
per end of the fue be curved toward the
rear end Of the boiler, so that the gases
will not impinge directly on the plates, but
be delivered horizontally along the under
surface Of the boiler Some very trouble
some cases of this kind have been cured by
this simple expedient.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

THE Peoria Herald suggests that it is
hardly necessary for anyone to worry
about conflicting republican candidates
for governor. 1.-THE Illinois state
democratic convention will nominate FL
fer's successor next year."
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
BUCKLKN's ARN1cA SALIVA,

The best sslve in the world for cuts,
bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rheum, feve,
sores, letter. chapped hands, chilblains,
CORES and sill skin eruptions, and posi-.
lively cures piles, or no pay required. I,
is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction
or money refunded. Price 25 cents pei
box. For sale bv Hsrtz & Rahnsen.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

If the tariff is taking somebody else's
property" why did Mckinley throw
away $50. 900. 900 per year that foreign
ers were paying into our treasury as a
tax on raw sugar? Ought he not to have
retained that tax to pension the numer-
ous laborers that have been striking for
higher wages and against wage reduc-
tons since his great American tariff
bill" was passed.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

The London Times has just published
its first harvest estimate of British crops.
The conclusion is that this has been the
worst harvest for 40 years.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
rurs-Daily, Soc per month; Weekly, $500
FRIDAY, OCTOBER e 1891.

ACCORDING to the dog census there are
80. ZIG unlicensed dogs in New York.
The mayor will try to collect 50 apiece
on them.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16

The only cor plexion powder in the
world that is without vulgarity. without
Injury to the user aud without doubt a
purifier, is Pozzoni's.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1891-10-16
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Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

everywhere at an times The most can.
tiou, silence concerning things that hap.
pen accidentally or in the way Of busi.
hess.
These orders are not the result Of a
discretionary feeling on the part of the
emPloye. They are explicit. emphatic
and very definite orders that in fact
are the first which an employee receives.
The eason for these orders is, that nc
matter how carefully an employee may
tell a story, he is sure 70 state things a
little out Of the way, and, say the rail
road folk, What the people don't know
won't hurt them
The same system Of no Informal
ton prevails among the employees OF
steamship companies. Any man in the
employ Of a steamship or railroad com.
pany that gives out information Of any
sort, however apparently harmless. OF
the roads business, is discharged i'm
mediately on discovery, and no infu-
ence a accomplish his reinstatement
| myself have gone among employees Of
the road when they didn't suspect my
identity and attempted 70 secure infor
nation, but | am glad e say l failed
ANONYMOUSLY st. Louis Globe-Dem
ocraL
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

LIEUT.. SWIFT, ninth cavalry, is on
trial at Washington barracks for not
paying his debts promptly. His finan-
ciAl difficulties are said TO be due to the
many changes Of station be has been
ordered 10 make. He has q large fam
lily, and paying railroad fare for 80
many has taken all his pay. The in
terstste commerce law has caused
hardship for a good man. In the good
old times, the pleasant railroad pass
would have afforded the poor lieuten-
ant q Tqodus Uiuendi. Reformers are
only happy when theyare making the
people unhappy.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21
Money spent for Old Tim. Feas,s.

In March, 1913, a whole cod cost
lis, but twelve teal and three ducks
only Us. and Cd, while oysters were 3.
quart. Westphalia hams were IS. or
S.. each, geese IS. and Cd and turkeys
3. and %. a brace Of bucks cost IS
lbs they were put into eight pasties
at a further expense Of "a. Green
peas appeared in the bill Of fare for the
first time in 1893, and then AZ an Octo-
Der dinner. Some Of the members Of
the company wer allowed 10 take
away the remains Of these feasts. and
there Is an entry in one Of the books
that after an entertainment in July.
1I29, MessE Truelove and Fradin. who
both subsequently filed the Office Of
master, carried off -four dozen quarts
Of wine, whole venison pasty. one
whole goose, whole fowl, and sew
eral lemons and sugar. "-Gentleman's
Magazine.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21
A GLOOMY

A scientist has calculated that in Isl
year, the population Of The world will
have so increased that our mother Will
no longer be able to support u, and we
shall have 10 starve TO death. Another
fellow has discovered that in p 1888
years North America, including Miles
City and Custer couLty's court house,
will be covered by a seething ocean
fathOms deep. l. life worth living
under such circumstances? What is
the use Of toiling and wishing and
worrying and putting up brick build
iDgs if they are all to be finally des-
troyed? Better 20 put up frames-they
might float. Luckily for Adam there
were no scientist in his day. II be
knew what fate was 10 store for his
descendants it would have embittered
the old msn's last moments and
brought his gray hairs with sorrow to
the grave. 1t il enough TO make one
sick TO think that 10 a little lees than
30,O0O years his infinitely great, great
grand children will be keeping COM
paDy with the relics Of the immortal
McGinty at the bottom Of the sea.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21
Why Railroad Employs. Are Mum.

A railroad president said Il feel
kindly enough toward newspaper men
% say that they exhibit a good deal Of
misplaced energy when they undertake
b get auy Information out of he EN-
ployes of "a big railroad company. II
may not bs generally known that one
Of the -.re-ast orders that the general
manager Issues is that If aIs5ilt.
cracy lIa reason why railroad men
won't E..a amy Information o. anybody
is that they are quietly Instructed by
their chief when they take places in
the employ Of the road % preserve
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21
Oregon. VIA wIntsr.

The climate Of both Oregon and
Washington is mild and equable. In
western Oregon and Washington it i.
difficult 10 draw the lines that divide
the seasons. Winter is usually a wet
season, but there are often long periods
Of perfect weather in February and
March Flowers frequently bloom in
the open air in January. and green
fields Of growing grass and grain may
be e all winter. Once or twice dur
ing the winter a few inches Of snow
falls, but it disappears rapidly.
At intervals Of several years occurs a
winter with ten days or two weeks Of
freezing weather and a considerable
tal Of snow. The summers are cool.
and excessive heat is unknown. In
eastern Oregon and Washington the
climate is different. The dry season
Of summer is more protracted. the
rainfall is less, and the heat is greater,
though il is never excessive.
The winters are colder, but Of short
duration, the snowfall is light and sell
dom lies long In the valleys. and live
stock ranges on the plains all winter.
thriving on the natural grasses without
other food, except when the snow is
unusually deep or the cold period IN
usually prorracted-Senato Dolph in
Forum.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21
FELINE FELICITY.
A Fifth Avenue Household Pet That l. A.
Teuderly Cared For a. a Babe.

A Fifth Avenue Household Pet That l. A.
Teuderly Cared For a. a Babe.
Boarding the top of a Fifth avenue
stage going north the other day | wit
messed an amusing as well as a novel
sight. o. top Of this stage coach were
seated several Passengers, but what
particularly interested them was a par
" Of W handsome young misses. ace
companied by a woman who appeared
70 be their g~OvernesS and a pretty mu-
latto girl having on a nurses cap and a
white apron. In her lap, apparently
sleeping peacefully, lay a baby richly
attired in a long white dress, trimmed
with old point lace Of a fine texture,
and a cap, a marvel of milliners work.
consisting Of a mass Of white lace and
ribbons.
For a time baby's face was invisible.
The younger Of the two girls seemed
more deeply concerned than did the
other in the welfare Of the nurses little
charge for she frequently leaned over,
caressfng and speaking 10 it in terms
of affectionate baby talk, and CON
stantly referring 70 the many virtues.
playfulness and the intelligence Of
dear little Kitty" which was evil
IDENTIFY the little ones name.
kitty had by this time begun to
show signs Of r-estlesSness. The nurse.
trying 70 quiet it patted, fondled and
spoke TO it in an affectionate manner,
with no apparent effect for il suddenly
bumped its little back and startled the
passengers by mewing with all the
musical qualities Of a full fedged feline,
and what was apparently a precious
baby turned out 70 be a bona fde cat
with a white head, a face no p~rettier
than the general run of midnight dis
turbers of peaceful slumber. The lower
portion Of pusSie's body was invisible,
owing % its long garment
NoamOunt II baby talk would soothe
poor ruffed Kitty, and the nurse was
rewarded for her endeavor % quiet it
by receiving scratches from her unrulv
charge. The younger Of the ladies then
took charge II pussie, bestowiny more
caresses upon il than would fall 70 the
lot Of one-quarter Of the babies Of the
town. kitty seemed 20 take more
kindly 20 the young miss, who held her
so that she could see everything that
passed
She rested quietly until the stage
reached the stables, and the party
alightei, evidently well pleased with
their outing. They o drew the at
tenriou IF the urchins who were playing
about the stables. one boy in parric-
ular, a messenger. seemed % have de-
signs on little Kitty. whose tail had
become exposed and which he fre-
quently pulled murh 70 the annoyance
Of her catship.
The ladies became annoyed At the
amount # attention they attracted.
q~uickened their pace and disappeared
up the street with the nurse and the
much petted and dressed sline.
Verify the lot II this feline is one Of
felicity New York Herald
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

JOHN RUSSELL YOUNG tells theNew
York Press about his acquaintance
with Sir w. Gordon Cumming. John
says Sir Gordon never won any money
from him st cards; on the contrary
the balance seems to be on Johns
side. John evidently s~ympsthizes
with Sir Gordon. II is natural that
be should. 1t was John, we thirk who
when managing editor Of one Of the
greatest journals in the country,
spoiled a magnificent future by a little
paitry baccarat monkeying with asso-
ciated press kilograms. John thinks
there must be a devil inside all Of Us
which drives US TO do these thiugs.
No doubt John knows how it il him
self.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

II the case Of a man who died from
sunstroEe and who wa insured 10 au
accident insurance company, the com
pany refused to pay the insurance on
the ground that the death was not
caused by accident, but by exposure.
The widow sued the company, but the
court decided 10 favor Of the insurance
company. Keep out Of the sun. gen.
tlemen, if you d2n't want to vitiate
your accident policies.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

APRoPOs Of moral refOrmers, we are
fortunate that Montana is not infected
with that kind Of bacteria. They are
becoming quite lively and noisome,
however, in South Dakota. They
have begun the spy system In private
families in the hope Of being able to
prove that some Of their very best cit,
liens, who import liquors for their own
use. have given some 20 their friends
or guests. If they can establish the
fact that these gentlemen have OBJ
served the time-honored rites Of hos
pitality, they propose having them
dragged before a court for an infringe.
ment Of the prohibition law. Go on,
ladies and gentlemen, make your
state uninhabitable by men Of any in
dependent spirit, Put a paid spy In
every family; get up the bills Of fare
for your citizens by legislative enact
ment. Tell them what and bow
much they must eat; tell them how
long their shiEt-tails and petticra s
must be, and drive them out to Mon
tana, where they can be free from
social tyranny and an espiocage wHi-
is a disgrace TO any free and civilized
country.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

A SPECIAL from Fergus Falls,
MINI, says that erasshoppers are
Matching out in grea numbers in that
vicinity. We trust hey will not hop
westward. " wou d be a good thing
If microbes could 2 hired 10 90 after
the grssshoppers.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

a project Is laid to be on foot for the
annexation Of Guatemala to the Uni
ted States. We are strongly opposed
70 the scheme. II was 10 Guatemala
that last week three editors were
condemned to sweep the streets with
balls aud chains on their legs for max
ing a few remarks about the Presi.
dents policy.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-06-21

Col. Compton, fOurth cavalry, COM
manding Fort Valla Walla, Wash, il
TO be tried by court martial for neglect
of duty in connection with the lynch
ing Of a gambler by enlisted men OF
his regiment.