Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1891-11-23
LIGNITES.
,..yiminary Report of State
GeoIogist {. T. Dumbie
m THEIR UTILIZATION.
.,a-5.on of the Principal Deposits of
many and Austria with Those of
ye1ss-How Our Brown
Coal Can BE Used.

H, F 4nssw9F'sst s CGR@3s and Hi 81
t 5, accordance with your rnstruc-
80 .... act Of the legislature direct
ton. -ii,-..s.f cation inso the methods of
IL -.' rs,,rIf. il Europe, visited the prin-
u7-- t...rI-i-s OF browncoals in Germany
G.. ,--.-sI. compared the different var
g.,f. those OF Texas. and examined
.-.l., met mods Of utilizing them.
" '' -fe limited time which could give
Ives. cation prevented my visiting
-r,--.- Of France and Italy, the results
l.. ..-r4c,Ory. full and conclusive, that
a.5 ,..-=a, Of these localities was not alb
81 . -..,.as,ary although it would doubt
. 1a.u instructive IN many ways.
-..,...f INV entire "Trip | met with the
4'- ,..r,.rlou and with the most ready
.....,.. bic assistance from the biologists
yog.cers, both public and private !;
va, only through the opportunities
a. ar...cG tiat ! was enabled, IN the
~. r.r disposal, TO cover so much
-s and Gather the necessary informa-
+. -ae following report. which must
-...r. % as merely preliminary, have
......f The results of my investiga-
As soon as | can prepare il. a full
- be made which viii contain
details. references ard descriptions
cannot ne included here.
ETHIOPIAN BEowNCOAL.
~ra b-vEcoal of Europe may be di-
r...3 into four general classes, viz. |.
1-.-e e Common browncoaL 3. Pech
80 Glance coal-all of which have
rcrr.,e. ga-tves III Texas.
LIGXITE.
rr Germany and Austria this term is only
rs.f m ,ir, mate such fossil fuel as fully
'zts.r- lis woody character and
...r n rs usually found accom-
,.,.f-- other varieties of browncoal,
llr+ consists ~ those fragments of the ORR
ina woody material from which the beds
ken. formed That have escaped maceration
adj -,rul.gus ton. In some places, how
ever. .fL.u conditions were favorable 10 its
reservation If forms the main body of the
e.pa-f Sometimes II occurs surrounded
l- earthly oroUncoal, and often has parti-
,..-.f f.-r.. hr0wuCOal or Jet inclOSed with
+, fru.,.a- The rings Of growth Much of
n4,t comes from the mine retains its
( I'm. and Oh lracter 50 completely is to be
-,n.ysr iadi,,iuguishabe from the ordinary
wood ul he present time except that it IS
somewhat darker in color
COMMON BEOwNCOAL.
TINS NAM covers number Of varieties,
VARYING III color from yellow to brOWniSh
b.. h. and from JAUse having 4 specific
gravity less than water to those OF IL and
g. Iue.r common qualities are their large
l.rt.ruLa-p of water and their earthly,
tr.ab.c nature The two most important of
these varieties are " Schweelkohl y and
ea..hg prDWucOal.
ScUweclcoal This variety, in its purest
form u -,Wb-uS q yellow clay much more
CLOSELY than il does coal. It's composition
and character, is revealed by chemical
ANALYSIS aud the microscope, vary some
81, l,g,. a1S
lie variety which has the least specific
gravity II is the richest in tarry matter.
aud is therefore especially desirable for the
manufacture of paraifine and oils. 1t Oc-
crs most frequently with earthly brown
,la. ans often in alternating layers with
that r.. iery
Earthly browucoal-This variety of
br,UUgHal is. as its name indicates, of an
e4r-lg character, brown to brownish black
~ 20 or In It's ordinary condition contain
..l 81. much rs ~ or even 30 per cent of
moisture While it somewhat reSem bleS
our I.1a~ hrowucOal. especially in the fatty
-'lrass which occur in it, the German IS
u rl more frisbie than ours and also much
Inferior Co % la heating value 10 the raw
s'4e. no account Of the great percentage of
water r contains. This is the character of
lrnwurna. nat IS found most largely de-
y.lHn.l % tile district around Halle, a. 5
AMI a the Rhne provinces Much OF 1t
l,- v.rE near tie surface, in beds varying
f.a. . Lew inches to sixty feet in thick
ness. ,ru is most often mixed with SChweel
r.., T. d greater or less extent. From this
variety of urowucOal IS manufactured the
'l-rs pras5-stein'' and browncoal bri-
qHr-tes without bond
PECH COAL.
\ darker and tirmer variety of brown
coal which contains smaller amount of
Wafer ana which often closely resembles
r'.a both in color and fracture, is called
Pgra CO.'S. The coal of the Bohemian basins
lrNr.. .agEelya mixture of common brown
Goa @. somewhat drier nature than the
1enuam and Pech coal, together with
SON .-uite ana IS the equivalent oil the
larger part Of our Texas deposits.
GLANCE COAL.
la.7 Is the finest variety of Ignite or
h.aWa.u4I, IN certain instances passing into
!e. D. occurs principally i'll Styria with
other varieties of browncoal although
smaller quantities OCCUR in many localities.
These varieties are again subdivided into
mn ' divisions. and they pass by insensible
g.-.4'IuuS one into the other, frequently
In uac ard the same bed,
STATISTICS.
The following statistics, taken from the
government reports of the empires of Ger
many and Austria show 10 what extent
,'e's 6roEucoalS were used during the year