The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-11-02
TALKING AT LONG RANGE
HELLO, HELLO, TOKIOl GIVE ME
THE MIKADOl

A Telephone Wire Will Carry Your
Voice From New YORK to. the Anti
podes-Progress of the Work-Pre-
dlctions That Soon Friends Thou
sands OF Miles Apart Can Speak With
One Another.
From the Chicago Tribune.
The history Of the telephone, saws the
New York Herald Is a record Of epochs.
Each epoch marks the Limitation in the
power and efficiency of the instrument, and
at the same time the new starting places in
its triumphal career.
The first telephone was for short distances.
After Reise, who is really the father of the
telephone, and Bell demonstrated the posi-
bility of the electrical transmission OF
speech, long-distance telephoning became
the dream Of scientists and inventors. When
the telephone left the hands of Bell its voice
was weak. The microphone transmitter
had to be invented, and tue induction coil
and other important accessory devices had
TO be brought into reQuisition
It was only after the telephone had at
tanned its natural growth by assimilating
these necessary elements that the higher de-
velopment, tending to make its voice
stronger and far reaching, began. At first
1t was a successive Improvement made in
the TRANSMITTED aud receivers in ordinary
use that enabled longer distance transmits
sion.
FIRST LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE.
Earliest in the field of long distance tele-
phoning was Mr.. Gillett of Michigan. Then
followed Hunning of England, and after
him Adar OF France. GIllett produced the
only practical long distance transmitter,
Hunning's requiring Shaking DOWN. nc
short intervals. and Adar5 being very loud,
but iudstinct
Powdered carbon is the base element Of
all these telephones, and. in fact, is the only
means by which long distancs telephoning
can be accomplished. The FIRST experiment
made by Mr.. Gillett IN long distance tele-
phoning was over the wires of the Michigan
Central railroad early in 1877 from Detroit
to jackson, seventy miles Up To that time
the farthest distance of transmission was
Twenty miles. That instrument was
simple in construction. consisting essentially
OF the diaphragm and arm supporting the
cylinder filled with powdered carbon,
through which the electric current passes
In subsequent experiments 1t was found
that by placing two points of transmitters
on the same diaphragm speech could be
transmitted double the distance with enc
point or transmitrer. Having ascertained
this Mr.. Gillett constructed q "quadruplex, -
or four point transmitter. With this
instrument successful teleDhoning was
made between this city and Meadville,
Pa, distance of 500 miles The telephon-
ing was over the Postal telegraph Com
pany's wires early in the spring of 1884.
The utterances were as audible as in previ-
Gus experiments OF shorter distances
After this successful demonstration ter
point transmltter was constructed and
tests made Of It's efficiency be-
twesn this city and Chicago-a
distance Of 1000 miles. The result gave
the most complete satisfaction. This Ia
called the "muitiplex SYSTEM"
Mr.. Gillette turned his attention to ocean
cable work, and a trensmitter having
twenty points, or ''double-header.
was constructed. Its distance capacity
was believed to be 3 800 miles. Gable com
panieS, however, were unwilling to have the
test made. claiming that no such distance
could be spa1ned by a telephone Thus far
the world has been shut out from oceanic
telephone transmission, but it Is predicted
that this state Of affairs will soon cease 10
exist, and New Workers will have telephone
communication with people in London and
Paris, and in fact any city on the continent
This belief is strengthened by the fact
that under the direction Of the minister of
telegraph in Paris the Gilett telephone wac
tested on the cable between Dover and Ca
lais the lex Of watch was heard with
perfect distinctness. On the heels Of this
success followed the recent building of the
LondoA-Paris telephone line. 1t is claimed
that in Mr.. Glle.t's instrument each point
OF the diaphragm will operate through ). 900
miles. and that through its use distance will
be virtually eliminated.
By the majority of electrical authorities
it is alleged that it is impossible to telephone
across an ocean cable, not only on account
OF the great distance to be spanned, put also
on account of ''retardation." 1t is asserted
by Mr.. Giilett that this is not so, and that
tele9 honing is as practicable over oceanic
cables as on laud lines OF wire.
While the Bell Telephone Company and
the Western Union Telegraph Company are
now able to control long-diStance telephon-
ing, this monopoly will not be enjoyed after
1898, when the Bell Telephone Company's
patent lapses After that time any one can
come in and try his hand at long distance
telephones.
BRows-I'm like ivy. cling to my church
Fogg Very like ivy. Confine yourself to the