davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09

large The list of contributors was
written out on a table for posterity,
and preserved in the Bridge Chapel.
This bridge, which was to last for
six hundred and fifty years, took as
Temple, namely, three-and-thirty
years. Before it was finished the
architect lay in his grave. When it
was completed the bridge was 926
feet long and 40 feet wide-Stow
says 80 feet; it stood go feet above
high-water; it contained a draw
bridge and 10 pointed arches, with
piers varying from % to "a feet in
solidity, raised upon strong elm
piles covered with thicks planks.
The bridge was curiously Irregular:
there was no uniformity in the
breadth of the arches; they varied
from 10 to 80 feet. Over the tenth
and longest pier was erected chapel
the calendar, St. Thomas of Canter
bury. The erection of a chapel on
bridge was by no means uncommon
Everybody, for instance, who has
been in the south of France remem-
bers the chapel on the broken bridge
at Avignon. Again, a chapel was
built on the bridge at Droitwich, in
Cheshire, and one on the bridge at
Wakefield, in Yorkshire. Like the
chapel at Avignon, that of London
Bridge contained an upper and
lower chapel; the latter was built in
the pier with stairs, making it &C
cessible from the river. The bridge
gate at the southern end was fortifi-
ed by a double tower, and there was
also tower at the northern end.
The wall or parapet of the bridge
followed the line of the piers, SO as
to give at every pier additional
room. The same arrangement used
to be seen on the old bridge at Putney.
The citizens have always regarded
London Bridge with peculiar pride
and affection There was no other
bridge like it in the whole country,
nor any which could compare with it
for strength or for size. l think, in
deed, that there was not in the
whole of Europe any bridge that
could compare with it; for it was
built not only over a broad river,
but tidal river, in which the flood
rose and ebbed with great vehemence
twice a day. Later on they built
houses on either side, but at the first
the way was clear. The bridge was
endowed with broad lands; certain
monks, called Brethren of St. Thorn
as on the Bridge, were charged with
the services in the chapel, and with
administering the revenues for the
maintenance of the fabric From
'London-Saxon and Norman" by
Walter Besant, in Harper's Magazine
for IulY
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
PRESS COMMENTS.
President Harrison's Speeches.

President HarriSon'S Speeches.
Speaking of the speeches made by
President Harrison on his recent
journey-which by the way have
been published in full by the New
York World and in pamphlet form
by the Mail and Express ex-senator
Mcdonald of Indiana said some time
before he died =
The democratic state com mittee
had a careful observer in attendance
on the occasion of the delivery of
many of these speeches for the
purpose of taking advantage of
any indiscretions. Not a single in
stance occurred where any attack
could be made that was worthy of
the committees attention.
Considering the freedom with
which the president delivered himself,
this is remarkable tribute. AS Sena
tor Hawley has said, mo public
man among the past or present citi-
zens of the United States ever ex
pressed himself more wisely, more
felicitously or more appropria tely
than did the president. -[Springheld
Republican.
Republican Courage.
The Republicans, by nominating
Mr.. Mckinley in Ohio. have set a
good example. They have shown
their confidence and courage. They
have presented what every election
ought to present-a definite issue and
a representative candidate. The de-
cision will be unembarrassed by FER
sonal considerations. That is the
situation which is desirable in next
years general election. If the Demo-
Gratis propose to make the word
Democracy" the issue, and run in a
fog, they should nominate a candi-
date who is not a representative of
distant policies. Buff they mean to
ask the country to approve certain
ineligible and benehcent legislative
measures, they should nominate a
candidate whose name personifes
them From Harper's Weekly.
Hardwick's Boom.
Although Vermont may not have
any sandstone, if the Free Press or
any other live business firm will in
vestigate the subject they will dis
cover that Hardwick has both the
sand" and the stone. Putting the
two together doesn't make sand
stone, but it makes business hum,
and one of the most prosperous and
rapidly growing towns i'll New Eng
land Hardwick Gazette.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
THE SIZE OF PARIS.

The existing Paris covers 1925
acres, or about 80 square miles,
while metropolitan London with
100000 population contains 11S
square miles, and Chicago, as recent
ly enlarged, provides an area about
as extensive for 100000. The
average distance from the centre of
Paris to the circumference is only
three miles. Minneapolis, with only
165, 900 people, has municipal area
more than twice as large as that of
Paris. Almost the entire population
of Paris is housed in the fats of tene-
ment structures averaging from four
to five stories in height. According
to the revised figures of the census of
1886 there were nearly $4,000
houses in Paris, and the average
number of people in a house was 80.
In the old ACCOMPLISHMENTS of the
inner Paris there are probably about
10000 houses, accommodating
about 100000 people. For
total contrast in the plan OF house
construction we have only to cross
the channel and to examine London,
where we find an average of about
eight persons to a house for the
whole metropolis. But the people of
Paris are better housed, all things
considered, than those of London.
A population of 2, 100000 within a
circle whose radius is only three
miles is certainly very dense, but it
must be remembered that Paris is a
many-storied city From DR.. Albert
Shaw's Paper on Paris, in the Cen
turY for IulV.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
LONDON BRIDGE.

The Story of Remarkable Structure.
The original building of the bridge
cannot be discovered. AS long as we
know anything of London the bridge
was there. For long time it was
bridge Of timber, provided with
fortitude gate-One of the gates of
the city. In the year 1901, the
chronicler relates that on the feast
of St. Edmund the Archbishop, at
the hour of six, a dreadful whirlwind
from the southeast, coming from
Africa-thus do authors in all ages
seize upon the opportunity of parad-
ing their neutrality-suspicious. Africa !"
all that wayl-blew upon the city,
and overthrow upward of 600
houses and several churches, greatly
damaged the Tower, and tore away
the roof and part of the wall of ST.
Mary lie Bow, in Cheapside. During
the same storm the water in the
Thames rose with such rapiditv and
increased so violently that London
Bridge was entirely swept away.
The bridge was rebuilt Two
years afterward it narrowly escaped
destruction when a great part of the
city was destroyed by FIRE. Forty
years later it did meet this fate in
the still greater fire of 1875. 1t
was Immediately rebuilt, but l sup
pose hurriedly, because thirty years
later it had to be constructed anew
Among the clergy of London was
then living one Peter, chaplain of a
small church in the Poultry-where
Thomas a Beckett was baptized
called Colechurch. This man was
above all others skilled in the craft
and mystery of bodybuilding. He
was perhaps member of the fratern-
ity called the Pontihc Tor bridge
building) Brothers. who about this
time built the famous bridges at
Avignon. Pont St. Esprit, Cahors,
Saintes. and La Rochelle. He pro-
posed to build stone bridge over the
river In order to raise money for
this great enterprise, offerings were
asked and contributed by King,
citizens, and even the country at
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
A MAN RAISES HIS HAT.

1. When he bows to lady or an
elderly gentleman.
2. When he is with a lady who
bows to any person, even if the other
is total stranger to him.
3. When he salutes gentleman
who is in company of ladies.
4. When he is in the company of
another gentleman who bows to a
lady.
5. When he is with a lady and
meets a gentleman whom he knows.
6. When he offers any civility to a
lady who is stranger to him.
Z. When he parts with a lady,
after speaking to her, or after walk
ing or driving with her, etc.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
APPRECIATIVE WORDS.

EDITOR CALIFORNIAN:
I have read with more than my
usual interest the last issue of the
CALIFORNIAN, and am delighted to see
it in it's enlarged dimensions, which
show life and thrift AS a once St.
Johnsbury boy, my interest in,-nay,
my love for that dear old place-has
never suffered Abatement I note
with satisfaction and pride every
time l have visited 1.-THE times have
been few and far between-the pro-
gress she is continually making in all
those things which add beauty and
worth to a community.
have been particularly interested
in the account you give of the closing
exercises of your noble Academy,
and in trying to recall the possible
ancestors Of some of those whose
names appear in the record. And l
almost feel, in noting what St. Johns
bury has done for her youth, that
was born, unfortunately, two gener-
atoms too soon. In the thirties
when l was struggling for an educa-
ton, above what the old-time dis
trict schools so scantily furnished,
what would | not have given, had
such doors as are now open into
that higher, and, as it seemed to so
many youth Of my time,-impossible
world of letters!
Lyndon academy" at the Cor
ner, under that delightful precep
tor, E. E. Adams, was the last and
about the only available resort for
such thirsty young souls. And the
memories of the days spent there,
and the friendships which have their
roots in them, are among the most
cherished of my life The boys"
and the girls" of those days, how 1
have followed the steps of their
career-tracing them as if by threads
of silver, till as in the case OF so
many, the step faltered, and the
thread was broken at the green
swelling mound, made sacred to me
by the dust beneath it! How few
and dOubly dear are those who still
remain.
l have been a wanderer from St.
Johnsbury since 1889, more than
nan century! ana the occasional
visits l have made have been among
the choice bits of experience that
enrich the memories of the past.
My home is now in the South, but
its sunny skies and almost perpetual
flowers, do not abate the spell which
still holds my heart to the hills, the
valley, the river of my boyhood;
and more than all, to the few early
friends who still survive among
them.
am finding delightful rest in
Cottage City, on Martha's Vineyard,
and l really know Of no place along
this enchanting New England coast
that furnishes more or better condi-
lions for that rest and recuperation
which find their greatest perfection
in variety of scenery, in cool breezes
and the tonic of the sea, in refining
companionship-and while shut out
from the world-have every desir-
able facility for speedy return to it.
SAMUEL GRAVES
Cottage City, Mass, June 20.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
FROM MONACO TO ANDORRA.

Eleven months hence, namely, on
the 10th of April, 1892, the great
gambling esta blishment at Monaco
will close its doors forever On that
day the agreement between the gov
eminent of the principality and the
world-famed hell of Monte Carlo ex-
pires, and there is not the remotest
chance of its being renewed. 1t was
the knowledge Of the present rulers
determined attitude in the matter
which has alone prevented the French
government from availing itself of
its position as suzerain power to
take immediate steps toward the
suppression of this plague-spot Of
Europe-steps which both President
Grevy and Carnot haze been repeat
eddy urged to adopt, not only by
popular sentiment, but also by near
ly every one of the inonarchies of the
Old World. Russia, Germany, Italy,
and Great Britain have been particu
larly pressing in their applications to
the Paris government to put a stop
to the scandal; and it may safely be
averred that Queen Victoria would
never have condescended to pay such
marked and gracious attention dur
ing her recent stay at Grasse to the
Prince and Princess of Monaco had
she not received satisfactory assur-
ances concerning the approaching
close of the gambling palace at
Monte Carlo. On the occasion Of
her former stay in the South of
France the strict and stern old lady
had Indignantly refused the bouquets
and baskets of flowers sent to her by
the late Prince Charles Ill, whereas
this spring she not only received the
reigning Prince and Princess at
Grasse with all the honors due to
sovereigns, but even went SO far as
to send, first, her ambassador, the
Earl Lytton, and a day later her
daughter, Princess Beatrice, with
Prince Battenberg, to return the
visit at Monte Carlo.
Prince Albert, whose marriage
couple of years ago with the enorn-
ously wealthy widow the Duchesse
de Richelieu, a daughter of the New
Orleans and Partisan banker Heine,
has enabled him to dispense with the
100000 annually contributed
toward the civil list of the sovereign
of Monaco by the management of
the Monte Carlo Casino, has already
notified the latter that he has no in
tention of renewing the lease, and
accordingly NJ. Blanc, and his two
brothers-in-law, prince" Roland
Bonaparte and Prince Constantine
Radzivoile, who are the principal
shareholders of the Casino company,
have already perfected their arrange
ments for the transfer of their opera
tons to Andorra, the little Pvrenean
republic on the Franco-Spanish from
tier line. Under their auspices a
company entitled the Cercle des
Etrangers d 'Andorra (the Strangers
Club of Andorra) has been success
fully hoated at Paris, and no less
than forty thousand 500 shares
have already been disposed of at
heavy premium. All the plans for
the new buildings at Andorra have
been perfected, and to those who are
acquainted with the French Riviera
it may be of interest to learn that
the new theatre designed for Andorra
is an exact reproduction of the the
atre on the Jetty promenade at Nice
Il Harper's Weekly.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
Travellers Guide.
BOSTON & MAINE R. R.
PAsSUMPSIC DIVISION.
SUMMER ARRANGEMENT, June %, 1891
Trains Leave ST. JOhnsbury.

SUMMER ARRANGEMENT, June %, 1891.
Trains Leave 81. - hnsbury.
GOING SOUTH.
For Concord, Manchester, Nashua. Lowell
and Boston via White River Junction,
lao a M, IL. 25 m, $50 a. m, 9 A a M,
2.34 p. m. 5.54 p. M, 1910 p. m. Arriv-
ing at Boston, $40 a. m, 4.55 and $50
For Concord, Manchester, Nashua, Lowell
and Boston via Wells River and Plymouth,
LAO a. M, $50 a. m, 2.34 p. Arriving
For Bellows Falls, Northampton, Spring
field Hartford, New Haven and New York,
1925 a. m, $50 a. M, 9.44 a. m:
For Newbury, Bradford, Fairlee, Thetford,
Norwich and White River Junction, 1928
am, $50 a. m, "A a. M, 5.54 p.
For Passumpsic, Barnet and McIndoes,
1925 a M. $50 a. M, 9.44 a. M, 5.54
p. m, 1910 p. m.
e s5 Sa a. M u.s. e.44 a. M 2,s4 p. M 5,54
p. m, 1910 p.
GOING NORTH.
For Lyndonville and Newport, 2.22 a. M,
a.15 a. m, 1913 a. M, 3.13 p. m, 4-27 p.
m, 500 p.
For West Burke, Barton and Barton Land
ing, 315 a. m, 1O.45 a. M, APT p. m,
For Stanstead and Derby Line, Massawippi
North Hatley, LennoXville and Sherbrooke,
3.1o a. m. 500 p. m.
For Quebec via Sherbrooke and Grand Trunk
Ry., 3.15 a. m, $40 p. M. 500 p. m.
For Quebec via Sherbrooke and Quebec Cen
trail Ry.. 3.15 a m, 500 p. m.
For Montreal via Sherbrooke and Grand
Trunk Ry, a.!5 a: m.,s.oo p. M
Pacific Ry., 2.22 a. m, 3.13 p. m.
JAMES T. FURBER, D. J. FLANDERS,
Vice Pres. and Gen. Man. Gen. Pass. Agt
H. E. FOLSOM, Div. Supt.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
CONCORD & MONTREAL R. R.
June %, 1891.
Passenger Service
from ST. JOhnSbury.

For Woodsvile, Plymouth. Laconia, Til
ton, Concord. Manchester. Nashua, Lowell
and Boston, LAO (eX.) $50 a. m, 2. 81 (eX.)
p. m. Arrive Boston sos a. m, 4. 10, $50
p. m.
Sundays 40 a. M, arrive Boston 8 05 a. m.
The lao a. N. train daily has through
passenger and sleeping cars.
For ST. Johnsbury via Plymouth and Wells
River.
Leave Boston 900 (ex.) a. M, 1.15, rs
(ex.) p. m. Sundays 7.15 p. m.
Leave Lowell 9.45 (ex.) a. m, 2.o1, 7.5S
(ex.) p. Sundays 7.5S p.
Leave Nashua Jc. 1912 (ex.) a. m, 2.27, $50
(ex.) p. m. Sundays $50 p.
Leave Manchester 1o.41 (ex.) a. m, 2.55,
900 (ex.) p m. Sundays 900 p.
Leave Concord Ills (ex.) a. m, 3.25, $40
(eX.) p. m. Sundays $40 p.
Arr. st. Johnsbury $40. 500 pm. PIT a. m.
The a. m. train from Boston (week days.
and the Z Is p. m. train daily have through
passenger and sleeping cars.
7. A. MacKINNON, w. A. STOWELL,
Gen. Manager. Acting Supt.
F. E. BROWN, G. P. and T. A.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
ST. JOHNSBURY AND
LAKE CHAMPLAIN R. R.
Beginning June 90, 1891.

GOING WEST.
For Danville, West Danville, Walden, Green's
boro, East Hardwick, Hardwick, Morris
Vile and Hyde Park, 900 a.. m, SIS p
M, sos p.
For Johnson, Cambridge Junction, Burling-
ton, Fletcher, Fairfield, Sheldon, Highgate
and Swanton, 900 a. M, SIS p. m.
For Stanbridge, ST. Johns, and Montreal via
East SwantOn, SIS p.
GOING EAST.
For East st. Johnsbury, North Concord,
Miles Pond and Lunenburg, $50 m,
7.O5 a. m, go p. m, $50 p. m.
For Whitefield Fabyans, Crawfords, Glen,
North Conway. Fryeburg, Portland,
Brunswick, Lewiston, Augusta, Waterville
Bangor and st. John, $50 a. M, 2. 40 p. M
H. E. FOLSOM, D. J. FLANDERS,
Supt. Gen. Pass. Agt.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1891-07-09
LOUGEE BROS. &SMYTHE

Have got about 800 yards of % cent Mohair
in dark oolors which they are offering for IL IL
cents per yard. Somewhere about $50 yards of
Satteens worth 10 cents, our price now 7 IL
cents per yard. 400 yards Outing only l-2 per
yard. Seer-sukers cents per yard.
Omaha daily bee., 1891-11-24

tied coinage OF silver, and in the event
Of his election wilt constitute the coinage
committee Of the house so as to make
sure that no bill for free coinage will
get beyond the committee. In order
to keep this subject out of the
next national democratic platform,
without which Mr.. Cleveland could
not consistently be the candidate Of the
party, it is necessary to keep it out OF
the democratic house Of representatives,
and this, it is understood, Mr.. Mills
agrees to do il he is made speaker. No
man is more earnestly devoted to the
political fortunes of Mr.. Cleveland than
the Texas congressman, and this gives
credibility to the report regarding the
concern which the ex-president is mani
Testing ia the speakership contest.
The most formidable competitor
of Mills is Mr.. Crisp of Georgia,
and among the influences at work
for him are said to be those of
Governor Hill and Tammany. The
obvious explanation of this is opposition
to Cleveland. AS speaker of the house
~ v 70 VIZ lHlllhCllNO " ~ A'D
would not be used to advance the polit-
ical ambition of the eX-president. A
knowledge of this would be sufficient to
secure for him the help of Governor Hill,
but in view of Mr.. Cleveland's efforts
iii behalf of Tammany in the late cam
paign it was hardly to have been eX-
pected that that organization would so
soon nDuin manifest itG nn,DGitinp tn
him. The support it is giving Mr..
Crisp plainly shows. however, that Tam
many does not think any better of Mr..
Cleveland now than it did when
its leaders publicly denounced him,
and that it means to use its
influence to prevent his nomina-
lion by the democratic national
convention. Mr.. Cleveland made a
strong bid for the friendship of Tam
many, but it seems evident hat he
failed TO remove the long-standlng hos
tllity of that powerful political organ
ization. There are two other aspirauts
for the speakership, one of whom may
have a possible chance, Mr.. Mcmillan of
Tennessee and Mr.. Springer of Illinois,
S'O '"NpSA u VI JlO iuCoJlOH ~
cause he is a northern man.
From present indications the choice
OF a speaker appears likely to
have considerable bearing upon the
selection of Il presidential candidate by
the next democratic national convention.
Thus if Mr.. Mills is the choice it will be
favorable to the chances of Mr.. Cleve-
land, while the election OF Mr.. Crisp
would be Il victory for the opponents of
the ex-president that might lead to the Sc
lection Of one Of the several other possible
candidates as the standard bearer of the
democracy in 1892. 1t is this that gives
the speakership contest more than or
binary interest. 1t looks now like a
square fight between the Cleveland and
the anti-Cleveland elements, and if such
is the case it is more than probable the
former will win.
Omaha daily bee., 1891-11-24
Oyy4RD ON sU0IR.

Mr.. Henry 4. Oxnard, president OF
the Oxnard Sugar Beet companies, in
an admirable letter to the secretary Of
agriculture sets out most clearly he
whole situation with reference to the
beet sugar industry. The communica-
tion is a model for ~terseness and brevity
and ought to be read by every farmer
and business man in Nebraska.
After calling attention to the marvel
Gus development OF the industry in
Europe within fifty years through aid
received from the governments, and
commenting the sugar bounty OF the
Mckinley bill, he predicts n most re-
markable development of the business
in America. The factories built by
himself and associates located at Grand
Island and Norfolk in this state and at
Chino, Cal, will produce 1000, 900
pounds of graduated sugar this year.
There are but six factories in the union
at present, but the Mckinley bounty has
stimulated the interest, and in Mr.. OK
nard's Judgment next year will see u
large number established.
After n careful study and much exper-
imenting Mr.. OXnard gives it as his
deliberate judgment hat not less than
twenty states are adapted to the culture
of the sugar beet. AS it will take 1000
such factories as that In Grand Island
to supply the demand of the United
States in 1900 it is plain that over pro-
duction is a very remote probability.
Each of these factories represents an in
vestment of 5000 900 and eXpends during
the season $4,000 per day for beets and
labor. Each factory consumes fifty tons
of coal and forty tons of lime daily. Not
only do the factories keep money at
home which would be sent abroad for
sugar, but they stimulate the min
ing of coal and other manufacturing
industries.
The Agricultural department at Wash
ington fully appreciates the Importance
of the beet sugar industry and Secretary
Rusk with characteristic intelligence is
devoting a great deal of attention to the
subject. He foresees, as will every other
well-informed man, that the develop
ment of the industry means II great deal
to American farmers and American con-
sumers of sugar. The OXuard letter is
published to add to the information of
the public upon the topic. To the sec
rotary it is clear that nothing promises
such Immediate and permanent results
to the advantage of the agriculturists
of the country. 1t takes 10 prophet to
follow the line of reasoning to the con-
clusion reached by Mr.. OXnard that
within fifteen or twenty years America
can hope to lead the world in the pro-
duction of sugar.