The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1891-05-31

neluner agree nor disagree, nor care any
thing about it. Mr.. Cummings said he
could not be Democrat because Demo
cratic President had put the Interpretation
on the constitution that the President
could not Interfere in the affairs of state,
unless he was asked to do so by the legisla-
ture or governor of the state. We have
SHOWN that Mr.. Cummings cannot be Re-
publican either, il he objects to that con-
structlon of the constitution.
Ut IS imposed as duty upon the United
States to guarantee TO every state in the
union republican form of government.
The terms of this provision ''presuppose
pre-exlsting government of the form That
is 10 &c guaranteed. AS long, therefore, as
the existing republican forms are continued
by the states, they are guaranteed by the
federal constitution. Whenever the states
may choose to substitute other republican
forms, they have right to do so, and to
CAIN the federal guaranty for the latter.
Inc only restriction imposed on them is
mat they shall not exchange repu blican for
anUl-republlcan constitutions
What is Republican!-By republican
government Is understood a government by
representatives chosen by the people; and
IL contrasts on one side with democracy, in
Wnlcn the people or community as an
government and on the other with the rule
OF one man, as king, emperor, car, or sui
Van, or with that OF one class of men, as an
| arlstocracy. In strictness a republican
government 1s by no means inconsistent
with monarcblcal forms, for king NAV be
| merely an hereditary or elective executive
Wnlle the powers of legislation are left ex-
| ciuSlVely TO representative body freely
CHOSEN by the people. 1t is to be observed
! ia -
| government that is to be guaranteed: and
In the hight OF the undoubted fact that by
Inc heVoluuon 1t was expected andj inten-
aed TO throw OF monarchcal and aristocra
TIC forms, there can be no question but that
oy republican form Of government was
intended government in which not only
would Tie peoples representatives make
the laws, and their agents administer them,
out the people would also, directly or in
dlrectly, choose the executive But it
would by no means follow that the whole
pody OF the people, or even the whole body
OF adult and competent persons, would be
admitted TO political privileges: and in auy
republican state the law must determine
the qualifications for admission to the cleo
tive franchise.
"a republican government onceoestab-
hshed IN a state may be endangered or set
aside, so as to demand the action of Con
gress under this provision, in the follow
ing several ways:
| First BY the hostile action of some for
elgn power, IN taking military possession
OF the territory of a Stale and setting IN
some government therein not established
! by the people themselves. Such a govern
ment would not be republican, whatever
us form, because not expressing the will
OF the people governed, but OF the foreign
power establishments
! "SeCOnd-Sy the revolutionary action of
the people themselves in fOrciblv RISING
| against the constituted authorities, and
setting the government aside, or ATTEMPT
ing TO do So Tor some other. In this case
! the United States would be called upon to
! act Whatever the form OF the government
proposed. Adequate provision having been
made Tor changes in constitutions under
regular and peaceful forms, and without
resort TO revolution, it is not contemplated
that revolution by force shall ever be suf-
Tered. The theory that the people at Will
may change their institutions is for the
tlme suoordlnated to their constitution,
! winch they provide may be changed in a
certain specified mode, but by implication
agree shall not be changed otherwise
w men an attempt Is made to change in
situations IN either OF the modes aoGve spe-
clhed, 1t will become the duty of the feder-
al government to interpOse and protect the
people OF the State in their existing gov
eminent by the employment of the mill
tary force, to the full extent. if need be of
the national power
'ThHd-In strict observance of the forms
prescribed by state constitution for re-
Vlslng or amending 1T, 1t would be possible
Tor the people OF the State to effect such
changes as would deprive it OF its republi-
can character. Thus they might In that
manner set up a monarchy, or so restrict
suffrage as TO deprive representation alto
| n tic ,,t,,~ oh,
by establish an aristocracy; and it would
then become the duty of Congress to inter
fere. But first the question wouldlpre-
! sent itself, whether the changes made are
so radical IN their nature as to render the
government unrepublican; and a decision
by Congress 10 the negative would be tnal
and conclusive against interference.
1T Is always possible that Congress NAV
assume changes In SGate government to be
unwarranted when they are not, and
thereupon Interfere to overturn institu-
lions with which they have no right to
NEEDLE. Ihls IS only saying that any
power, however necessary and however
well guarded, may be abused; but in every
State there must be some final tribunal for
the determination of ali probable contro-
VERSES: and as Congress is made the final
judge in this case, there can be no appeal
from Its decision except to forcibie resist
ance.
1.-The federal authorities can have no
concern with questions OF regularity in
state proceedings, or with questions of
what Is proper or just in state affairs.
| Nevertheless IN the case of a disputed
/ state government 1t may become necessary
Tor the political departments of the United
States government, in the performance of
their own duties, to recognize one of the
two as rlghtful; and when this takes place
the recognition will bind the governments
of the United States in all its departments.
and also the people
'Ihe United States are also required TO
/ protect each State against invasion, and.
on application of the legislature, or of the
executive when the legislature cannot he
convened against domestic violence. This
article, as has been truly said, becomes an
immense acquisition of strength and addi-
tlonal force to the aid of any state govern
ment in case of internal rebellion or insn,,-
rection against lawful authority: while. ON
the other hand, oy the requirement of
demand for aid overy preteXt for inter
meddling with the internal concerns of any
State, under color of protecting her against
unlawful violence, is taken away.
The States are prohibited, as Congress
is, from bringing an anti-republlcan fea-
ture into American institutions bV the
grant of titles of nobility. The prohibition
executes itself, as the titles, should a grant
be attempted, would be simply yoid'
indianapolis, Iud. Nay 26-J. Il. Rawlins-
am gratined TO learn that Utah Democrats are
organizing to promote principles of national
Democracy. ISAAC ?. GRAY.
Ri EUMATisM.
For this disease there is nothing better
than Chamberlain's Pain Balm. The
prompt relieT which it affords is alone worth