davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1891-08-20
HOW THEY VOTE IN JAPAN.

Polls That Present = Striking Contrast
to Ours In This Country.
The polls had opened at o'clock, and
one by one the farmers had come strag-
Cling in from the surrounding country.
The greater number gathered in the
small meeting hall just outside the poll
ing room, whence arose quiet buzzing.
Il was reminder of the gathering in the
churchyard on Sunday, in old times, be-
tween the morning and the afternoon
services.
There was little laughter, less loud
argument and no angry disputing. Ev-
cry now and then, like bees leaving a
hive, figure was seen to separate from
the rest and move off toward the polling
room, and anon another returned. One
saw among them here and there the
modern Japanese, with his imitation of
foreign garments, in appearance seldom
elegant, often awkward, and generally
out of harmony with the surroundings
But chiefly there came the old fash
ioned rustic, in his best silk robes, with
square shaven crown and short queue
caught up and tied-perhaps wearing
the halzama, or divided skirt, of the old
samurai A gentleman in every act. he
bows as he enters to the official at the
door, carefully writes his ballot and
affixes his seal, then with great dehbera-
ton folds it and places it in the oblong
official envelope. For some of the voters
it is necessary to seek the assistance of a
special clerk in writing their ballots 1t
is not that they cannot write; for every
body knows the plebeian kama or sylla-
bic writing. They prefer to see their
ballots inscribed with the more elegant
Chinese characters; and then, too, the
kama is sometimes ambiguous (for some
words have dozen different meanings),
and there is natural perturbation and
a desire to have their meaning clearly
and correctly conveyed. When the
writing is finished the long sleeved voter
walks over to the tachiainin, or inspec-
tors. Here further effusions of polite
ness take place, while the voter gives
his name, number and address, and is
checked off on the register. Then, with
another gesture of courtesy, he turns to
the ballot box, and with bow, perhaps
in duplicate, to the kind old mayor, who
sits behind the box, he carefully deposits
his ballot and quietly retires by another
door. H. Wigmore in Scribner's.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1891-08-20
innples-

The old idea of 40 years ago was that facial
eruptions were due to a "blood humor," for
which they gave potash. Thus all the old Sarsa-
parillas contain potash, most Objectionable and
drastic mineral, that instead of decreasing,
actually creates more eruptions. You have no
ticed this when taking other Sarsaparillas than
joys 1t is however now known that the stom-
ach, the blood creating power, is the seat of all
vitiating or cleansing operations. A stomach
clogged by indigestion or constipation, vitiates
the blood, result pinplcs. clean stomach and
healthful digestion purifes it and they disappear.
Thus joys Vegetable Sarsaparilla is com pounded
after the modern idea to regulate the bowels and
stimulate tho digestion. The effect is immediate
and most satisfactory short testimonial to
contrast the action of the potash SarsapariIlas
and joys modern vegetable preparation. Mrs.
C. D. Stuart Of 400 Hayes St, S. F., writes: ' 1
have for years had. Indigestion 1 tried popular
Sarsaparilia but it ac:uali5 caused more pilnples
to break out or my face. Hearing that joys was
a later preparation and acted differently, tried
it and the pimpies Immediately disappeared.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1891-08-20

The jewels of that i'll fated queen,
Marie Antoinette, whose tragic death
glorifies frivolous life, are now on sale
in London. The price of a single pair of
earrings is $65, 900, but the stones are of
wonderful brilliancy. A large pointed
drop, cut in facets like the pendants OF
chandeliers, is suspended from large
circular diamond by tiny silver pin,
diamond headed.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1891-08-20
a Necessity.

The consumption
OF tea largely in
creases every year in
England, Russia, and
the principal Euro
pean tea-drinking
countries. But it
does not grow in
America And not
alone that, but thou
sands of Europeans
who leave Europe
ardent lovers of tea,
upon arriving in the
United States gradu-
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1891-08-20
CLEVELAND, WASH,
June 18th, 1891. 4

S. B. Medicine Co.,
GENTLEMEN-Yo our kind favor received, |,
and in reply would say that am more
than pleased with the terms offered me
on the last shipment of your medicines.
There is nothing like them ever intro
duced in this country, especially for La
grippe and kindred complaints. have
had no complaints SO far, and everyone
is ready with word of praise for their
virtues. Yours, etc.,
NJ. F. HAcKLEY.
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1891-08-20

ally discontinue its use, and finally. cease it
altogether.
This state of things is due to the fact that
the Americans think so much of business
and so little of their palates that they permit
China and Japan to ship them their cheapest
and most worthless teas. Between the
wealthy classes of China and Japan and the
exacting and cultivated tea-drinkers of
Europe, the finer teas find a ready market
The balance of the crop comes to America
Is there any wonder, them that our taste for
tea does not appreciated
In view of these facts, is there not an i'm
mediate demand for the importation of q
brand of tea that is guaranteed to be un-
colored, unmanipulated. and of absolute
purity? We think there is, and present
Beech's Tea. Its purity is guaranteed in
every respect It has, therefore, more in
herent strength than the cheap teas you have
been drinking. fully one third less being re-
quired for an Infusion. This you win dis
cover the first time you make it Likewise,
the flavor is delightful, being the natural fla
vorof an unadulterated article. tits a revela-
ton to tea-drinkers. Sold only in packages
bearing this mark:
The Dalles daily chronicle. [volume] (The Dalles, Or.) 1890-1948, 1891-08-20
Apropos of Chappie.

You broke that poor boy all up
mo harm done. He is SO simple it
won't be hard to put him together
again. New York Epoch.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

CHANGES IN RAILWAY SCHEDULEs.-O GA
and st,er to.morrow Sunday the train o.
tue Washington Sou! hern Railway that now
leaves here for Washington at 4 90 p. n.
will leave al sos The train leaving Wash
ington Tor this city at 5:25 p. N. will here
after leave 5.37; that leaving al Cos o. m
vii cave at 5:07. The 6:22 p. IN. train
Iesvlog hers fos @ lantioo viii hereafter
eve At 5 %.
here viii be change in the sch sdule Of passen-
ger trsirs on the Virginia Midland road to.mor-
ray 3 tor which time passenger train will lesve
Oh lottesyite at 400 m. ard rosch Alexandfia
81 40 s. M, stopping at all stations. The train
aore IKE towing A!exsndris sc SOP p. N. Will
of. The Manassas branch train hereto
clc.giug 81 $50 p. m. will be changed to leave
3; ~ ana will stop at ill stations between
here a.. Manassas, and will make close connee.
uou with train TO Warrenton, stopping st all
points This Manassas branch train will then
continue through to strasburg. The trains on
thc Midland road heretofore reaching Alexandria
13) p m and 9:25 n M. viii be discontinued,
while the train heretofore resching Alexandra at
:: p IN Will be changed to reach here at 100
Pm, he midday mail train now leaving Alex
sn1tis It 140 a IN. W II stop at all stations
scuth u. Cavefton.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06
NIQUE, CHEAP, SAFE.
A VALUABLE PROPERTY AS A WHOLE.

Tho attention of investors, syndicstes. &C.. &c.
is directed to an unusually attractive and safe
speculate % in the following described property
viz:
OF ALEXANDBIA AVENUE, running from the
tracks Of the Washington Southern alexandria
and Wsshington) B. 3. to and adjoining the new
and beautiful subdivision, North West Ale san.
dris " upon which 3 large sum OF money is now
being jldci 1usly expended in substantial i'm
provements,
Alexandria avenue is now being graveled, gut
tered rolled and top-dressed throughoutits entire
length, the full width Of the roadway, and fe t
of grass parking, with 8 five feet wide graveled
walk, is being made on either side.
The construction of the roadway, walks and
parking will BIO entirely completed without cost
to the purch 'ser of this property.
Alexandria avenue, dedicated by deed of gift
to public uses, with its sdj lining grounds (hersin
offered for sale), constitutes the principal en-.
trance to North West Alexandria,
Negotiations are pending between the railroad
and the North West Alexandra Improvement
Company for the construction of convenient and
tasteful station building Immediately at this
property, bordering the railroad tracks on the
! east sds and Alexandria avenue on the 1ortb
side.
This valuable property, dlvisible into about lac
lots 5Ox12o feet each, it WILL thus be seen, il
ready to be put upon the market, without the
outlay of dollsr, nor will purchasers OF lots TO
required to e1pend any money preparatory to
building, as every foot Of the property is fair
smooth and available for building purposes just
it now stands.
Further description OF the property is deemed
unnecessary here as the Moth West Ale1andris
improvement Co., BY generous plan Of advertis
ing its property, is accidentally making the public
familiar with the property, herein offered.
Leave the cars sc st. Assph junction, only 3
r. er7t1l he
glsd 10 meet intending purchasers, by appoint
ment in Washington, Alexandria, or on the
ground.
For price, terms, particulars etc. address
OPERAT INVESTM ENT AND LOAN CO.
(Limited),
216 north Lee strest, Ale1sndris, VS..
A MOTHER SUPPLY OF PoToMAo FLoUE
n rocrivod to-day by
6ee25jt' &c. MILBUBN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

poLtGs REPoET.-Last night was cloudy
ald csoi with five prisoners AMI one lodser
me s,s,cn house.
Tbs Mayor this morning disposed OF the
i9lloViog csses:
J. II Brooke. coored, f,r an asssnls on
Aau Wui.ms, slso ooiored, was hoed 81 oU
c. Q'Ven SO days 10 jsii.
Us Williams and YIN. Robertson. for an
s -ault on John Shste. forfeited S. each
mich theq mad lief: "a collateral.
Nsr hs Lewis and Gsorgeanna Thornton,
born colored, for fighting, were fined 81 each
Jlia Toomas, oolorsd. for burying the
deaf uians o. her daughter 10 her yard. was
fn-d So
Jim McIatosb, for indecent conduct, was
faed IS.
Dew Toliver, who had been detained
here on susp!cion OF being lunstic, was
lurned over TO hie frienns aud sent back to
his home 10 Kentucky
Flank Trayers and Wo. Camps, for diaor-
derry conduct, were 6ned 81 50 each.
A phoUz) Arriog;on, charged with feloui
ovsly cutting John Bryant. colored, was
sent TO jsil for further examin alton.
Officer Price was suspended for 10 days
i51 characterization.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

ILLNESS OF MR. NEWTON HILL-The
mspy friends of Mr.. and Mrs. g. Powell
Hill, formerly Of Alexandria, will regret to
earn OF the Illness o! their Oldest SOC, Mr.
Newton Hill, who is now at The home OF his
parents on Eighth avenue. BE has been 10
more or less delicate health for several
years Five or elk years ago he accepted
position with large manufacturing COM
pauy at Providence, R. l., as bookkeeper
and csshie-, the copfaiog and srduous du.
ties Of which, together with the damp ard
rigorous climate of New England during the
winter months. made 1t necessary for him to
resign bis position about year ago and re
turn to Virginia to seek restoration of his
health. BE spent last winter In Georgia
poplog 10 be benefited, but the unusuaiy
n!fotfscted vet season aggravated rather
'2sn smeli)ratei his condition. he came to Roam
.No shout TWO months ago; since then he has been
Itga1ned TO his bad, and is now bat shadow Of
Us hrmer self Mr.. and Mrs. Hill are the grateful
leelpients of symp thy aud kind att ntiop from
many Ottheir newly made friends snd neishbo,s.
Roanoke Herald
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

We authorize ur advertised agent to sell Doctor
Kings New Discovery for Consumption, Coughs
and Colds upon this condititn II you arc afllict-
ed with Cough. Cold or any Lung Throat or
Chest trouble. and will use this remedy direct
ed, giving it fair Trial. and experience no bene-
fir, you may return the bottle and have your
money refunded. We could not make this offer
did We not X ow that DR.. Kings New Discovery
could bs relied on. It never oi5spponts. Trial
bottles free at E. 2. Leadbsater q Bros, 1rue
store. Large sizs Soc and ST..
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

FIGHT AT JERUSALEM "A dispatch from
CoDstantinople reports serious riot at Je-
rueaIem between the Catholics and Greeks,
10 which the Turkish troops INTERVIEWED,
killing several and wounding large num-
Der. The French Ambassador at CONSTANT
nople has sent strong protest to the Porte
against the &C ion Of the Turkish troops.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06
LOCAL MATTERS.
SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 6.

CHURCH SERVICES, &C., TOMORROW
Corjsf Church.-Servicss at II a. m. by Rev.
n, Suter. Chil3ren's services at p. m.
s. Pqul's Murch.-Service and commpnion
Of II a. m. by Rev. DR.. Norton. No eve"-
Grace Church.-Services at q. m, II a. M.
sod y. m. by Rev. II. T. Sharp.
s.. Mary's Crrch.-Mass at 6 and II e. m
vesDers at 4 p m by Reg. Father MCCARTHY.
Second Presbyterian Church.-Preaching at
n a N. by Rev. James I. Vance. Children's
snnua miss onary festival at p. m.
Raotist Church.-Preaohing at IL a. m.
and S D. m. by Rev. J. 81. Butler.
Trinity Meth. Epis. Curch.-Preachipg
At II a. m. and p. 10. by Rev. D. NJ. Stat
ifsh. Epis. Church South.-Preaohn at
II a. N. by Rsv. T. E. Carson. Cbildrsn's
services at S T. N.
Mem. Prot. Gurch-Praschiug at IL a.
N and D. N. by Rev. W. NJ. Poissl.
German Lutheran Caurch.-Services at IL
Q m. in German and p. %. 10 Engiish.
Meeting at the Midland Railroad reading
,ooms al 3 p. m. Talks on the Bible" By
stu tents from the Seminary to employees OF
the railroad.
NJ eting at slmshouss at 8 p. NJ, and
jail at 2p. m.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

FRATBRNAL VISIT -Alexandria Council
No. 33. Junior o U. A. NJ, received on
Thursday evening fsternal visit from Con.
stellstIon Council. After the regular order
of buslnss, and elk candidates had been
initiated, all repaired to Rchards' ice cream
sar!or here the inner man was satie6 ed
Speeches were made by several members of
both councils.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

There will be services every night next
week In the Methodist Pro testsns Church,
nrescting By Rvs. A. ". Mather. Q
Nicholson. W. B. Graham, W. 8. Philips
and others.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

RELEASED Lulu Taomas. the colored
woman charged With !nfautioide. who was
sent to Ill yesterday after the coroner's
Jury had returned verdict in the case, PAS
laat night allowed to return to her home on
account OF illness. The case will be heard
some time next week when the woman lie
strong enough to be present at the trial.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06
LOCAL BREVITIEs.

The June term of the Corporation Court will
begin on Monday next.
Chiidren's day services will be held tomorrow
night in the NJ. E. Church South.
Messrs. Frank Hume, of the county, and E. B.
Donahoe of Fairfax hsve been in this city sever
al times recently eudeavoring to make arrange
ments for startiag a newspaper hare.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06
Spend day at River View on Monday.
False Pconomy

Il practlced by many people, who tuy info
rior articles of iood ecaus, hesper than
standard goods. Sur. y infants entitled
to the besi food oNtsh.rIe. L flct hat
the Gall Bord. q "G4eiu" Braud Ccpdsn-ed
MIX Is the best intaut fJ,d Y nr g-ccer
add druggist keep L.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

Short breath. palpitatioD, pain In chest,
| weak or faint spells. smothering, cured by
DR.. Miles New Heart Cure. Sold at drug
Rists. Free treatise by mail. MILES MED.
Co., Eikhart, Ind,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

Loss ADJUSTED The loss sustained by
the fire at Alexandria Brick Works on the
morning Of April 18Th !a,t, has been adjus'-
cd by the insurance men, and yesterday
Messrs. Janpey & Warisld, agents In this
city for the comp asies in which the proper.
~ was injured, paid to Messrs Agnew and
Harlow for the brick company the amount
agreed upon-$l2 500
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

Sleeplessness, nervous prostrstion, ner-
vous dyspepsia, dizziness, blues, opium habit
cured by DR.. Miles, NerVine. Samples free
at druggists. by mail 10c. MILES MED. Co.,
Elkbart. Ind,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

Spring stirs up the bile. You lose you
appetite. feel weak, too hot. and Obi &c
tired. Take Simmons Liver Regulator.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06


CUTTING AFFRAY.-At the corner OF Fair
fax sad Princess streets about 9 O'Clock this
mor1ing during difficulty between A.
pp,pz1 Arlington, white, and John Bfyaot,
colorea, q driver OF an ice wagon, the lat
ter vas badly cut by the former, the cash
a,..nding from bis chin across his neck, al
mot 20 the back OF his head. is appears
that the TWO men have not been on good
terms for sone time, the trouble having
Original eli over year ago when AIRING on's
son was whipped by another boy, VINO was
encouraged by Brysn'. Arlington, WHO mas
npeD in Pitisburg recently, returned mere
low 6aya since and this morriog was seen
Sy BRYANT TO enter the saloon oil M. Eau
aenrv at the point named above. Bryant
,;ot.ed nm several stones and followed Ar
rtnoton ina the 80 con, but was warned OIL.
A. R.raot retreeted from the saloon, 1t is
acid he threw one CT the stones at airing
,o.. add was in the act OF throwing aootnef
,yhcn Ire latter drew weapon resembling
= lancet (which he Gays ne uses for TRIM ming
the conns and spurs Of bis cbickens) and
s!a,beG BRYANT, infcting an ugly looking
wound. as described above. Ergent after
being cut went into the street and threw
eooin at Arlington, who at once started to-
wards the station house to surrender him
sell Bryant followed him for about fifty
yards and thsn fell on the sidewalk from
txasu-.ion. Arlington proceeded Ga his
gav. several times asking different people
10 s,rest bi,u, and when he reached the cor
ner af Cameron street surrendered himself
to Officer Davis, who escorted him to the
.tuion house and locked him up. La the
mesqtime large crowd had gathered where
,bo tyornda6 man had fallen on the side
walk and Dr.. Jones was SUNNI oned. The
doctor soon arrived on the sceue and In
short time stopped the flow of blood AID
sewed IN The wound. Bryant was then put
into wagon and carried to his home in the
northges.srn part of the city. His wound
while serious and painful is said by DR..
Jlues not to be necessarily fatal, as none
Of lhe large arteries were severed. Ar
ringtoa was commit ID to jail by Mayor
Dlgah4m to await further examination.
Taa report in circulation this evenirgtbet
Bygart was deal was without any founda'
ton.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

QUALIFIED.-Mr. NJ. B. Harlow, who was
recently reelected to the Office OF city treas
u'ef' to-day qualified before Judge Morton
sea gave bond in .he sum Of 500 600 $50 900
.Oi zoe city and l60. 900 for the State.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

The 6yst excursion Of tue SESSION from this
city will be given by the Columbia Fire
| Company to River View on Mondsy,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

Spring etits up the bile. You lose your
appetite. feel weak, too hot. and Oh! 30
tired. Take Simmons Liver Regulator.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

CHURCH NOTES AT meeting OF the
standing committee Of the Episcopal diocese
of Virginia he'd June l, A. K. Fenton, 81.
9. Slmmerman. B. Farland. A. B. Chinn,
B. l.. Ancell, Reuben Meredith, and E. NJ,
Cowling were recommended az candidates
for holy orders.
Revs Bergman Green, John @. Cornick
and John Wesley Johnson, deacons. we're
recommended for priests orders, the last
named being oolored.
Il is 81 id that Rev. Mr.. Green resigns bis
charge In Bristol to 70 to Westmoreland.
and that Rev. R. A. Csstlemsn has been in
vited to succeed him.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06
Health is w ealth !


DIR. E. G. VESTS NERVE AND BRAIN TREAT.
hENT, guaranteed specific for Hystaria, Dizzi-
ness, Convu sions Fits, Norvons Neuralgia, Head
ache, Nervous Prostrstion caused by the use Of
alcohol or tobacco, Wskefulness, Mental Deprcss-
lon, softening of the Brain resulting In insanity
and leading to misery, decay and death, Prema
ture Old Age, Barrenness, Loss OF Power
in either sex, involuntary LOSES and spermator-
rhea caused by over-exertion Of the brain, self
abuse or over.indulsence. Each hox contains one
months treatment. $1.00 box, or six boxes for
$500. Sent by mail prepaid on receipt Of price.
WE GUARANTEE SIX BOXES
10 cure any case. With each order received by US
for six boxes, accompanied with $500, we will
send the purchaser Our written qua, antee to re-
fund the money If the treatment does not effect
cure. Guarantees issued only by
CHARLES q. LENB@N,
Druggist, Goa King street.
Goneral Agent Alexandria, Va
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

Spring stirs up the bile. You lose our
appetite, feel weak, too hot. and OH 30
tired. Take Simmons Liver Regulator.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

DON'T forget that the Columbia excursion
to River View takes place on Monday.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

If you desire to spend q pleasant day. 60
to River View with the Columbia on Mon-
day.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

IF YOUR BACK ACHES,
Or you are all worn ont, really good for moth
ing, 1t Is general debility Try
BROFN'S IRON BITTERS.
II vii ours you. cleanse your liver, and give
----.>------ 4 rood appetite.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

A. B. O. Tonic is purely vegetable, but o
powerful tonic.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06
Guaranteed Cure.

A. B. O. Alternative is the cheapest Hood
medicine because tt is the best.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

Try the new beer-"Vlrginia Extra Pale. u
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1891-06-06

NEW YORK, Juno Cotton quiet; uplands
S$,; Orleans 8 BIG; futures opened steady and
closed easy Flour quiet and easy. Wheat dull
and steady. Corn qniet and firm Pork dull and
stesdv at $40 50al2 So Lard qGiet and firm at
Sc AN.