davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

subordinate officers to rally them to-
meet the onset OF Canto's regiments
and squadrons were of no avail. The
retreat became rout, the rout panic,
and then came utter decentralization.
The Go eminent cavalry made stand
but it was short. They were literally cut
to pieces. Volley after volley was poured
into the demoralized mob of Balma-I
cedists. Whole regiments which had
no. lost their regimentai formation vent
0 er to the victorious troops of Canto
and Joined in the attack on their late
comrades
The fighting lasted little less than
five hours, and its despe ate character
may be judged by the fact that fully
5000 men were killed and wounded.
The defeat of the government is abSo-
lutte and complete. There is no posi-
bility of reorganization, and il Bal
maceda does not succeed in making his
esC ape through the mountain passes
which are yet open the chances are
that he will be captured and shot
The inhabitants Of \ alpara so are now
appa entity revoiutionists in their SYM
pathy, for as the insurgent troops,
flushed with victory, march d through
the streets they were greeted with the
widest thusiasm. From the windows
of the houses showers Of flowers were
flung by the enthus aStic women on the
heads Of the leaders Shortly after the
Q try of the army of General Canto,
Captain Alberto Fuentes, Of the torpedo
boat A miranle Lyach, viii. was lying
at the Fiscal Mole, was summoned to
sure der He attempted to steam out,
and opened fire with his machine guns
on the insurgeat troops There was
sharp eng; cement, lasting hf-
teen minutes, and then apt3iG FGentes
hauled down h flag and the was not
an Ell my to the revolution from Fort
Ald,via to Vina del Ma. Va paraiso is
as quiet as could he expected under the
circumstances and no trouble is expect
ed Not much has be n done as yet
toward eor& anizing the city But this
will attende to as soon as possible.
No cd here has any knowl dye of the
Whereabouts of Pres;den Ba maceda.
The insu gent lea3ers ar eXcee linglyi
an ious to find where he j., and if
they sue eed n iniing him the chances
az that it will go hard with him.
The general belief here is that he is
making his " ay cut of The Juntry, per-
hap over ard to PuenoS Avres.
Senior a cano, the Chi an Minister at
Washington, on being interviewed, said
that he had received no news from Chill
other than the dispatch given to the
pre- S.
The fall of Valparaiso in ures that Of
SAINT ago General Canto, the congress-
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

scarcely to be recognizable by the orig
inators. In certain essentials the silk
industry is. of course, practically to-
day what it was in the time of Justinian,
or for that matter in the time of the
Empress Si-Ling-Chi, but the use of
machinery for unwinding the cocoons
and for spinning the thread has practi-
cally placed the business under new
conditions. Meantime, however, the
Chinese have kept on in the same way
without the slightest Improvement on
the methods of 1000 years ago. and in a
Chinese village of the present day men
and women may be seen reeling off
threads from the cocoons just as their
ancestors did in the time of Christ. 1t
is an industry which can be followed
anywhere, and in the humblest Chinese
dwellings, in the boat houses along the
rivers, in the alleys which in every di-
rection branch out from the main streets
of any Chinese city, the silk reeler and
his primitive apparatus may be seen.
Any one, however, who, from the TACT
that the work is done by ignorant PEG
pie, comes to the conclusion that for
tune is easily made by raising silk
worms, labors under serious mistake.
There are few industries in which chance
plays so large part, or which require
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03
Ancestors and Titles.

In regard to aristocracy Daniel Web
ster once wrote@ ''There may be. and
there often is, regard for ancestry
hich nourishes only a weak pride !;
ard here is also care for posterity.
which only DISCUSSES an habitual avar-I
ice or hides the working of low and
g owe ing va ity. But there is also a.
moral and philosop hical regard for our
ancestors which elevates the character
and improves the beast" A1istocratic
titles are of en- obtained by dishonor-.
able means. Many a man becomes
ignobe to hecome noble. The conf
dence of nobility of birth has rendered
men ignoble, just as the opinion of
wealth makes some men poor. Lord
Bacon has compared those who lived
in higher spheres to those heavenly
bodies in the armament which have
much admiration bat little rest. Titles
are properly the insignia of wise and
honest men. The fool or knave that
wears one is a falsifier. j hey who
dilate upon their glorious ancestry are
FOOLS hly vain cf debt which probably
hey will never be able to pay. 1t has
aL~o been rema ked that river gener-
ally becomes narrower ana more insig-
ni1cant as we ascend to it's source.
The stream of ancestry, on the con-
trary, says Texas hfi1ags, often Wig
orous, pure ard powerful at its foun-
tain head, usually becomes more
feeble, shallow and corrupt as it flows
downward
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

doubt that they answered truly in say.
ing, Lake Itasca," and yet, In all this
time, far up in the wilds of Minnesota
the cold, deep waters of Veritas Cupert
have been silently performing the func-
tion of a primal reservoir, and flowing
ON through the great channel to the
gulf. Indians have pushed their birch
canoes out upon the lake beyond and
above Itasca, followed their favorite
sports upon it's shores, and slaked their
thirst at it's crystal COMMUNICATING
it name of their own full of beauty
and meaning, "Pokegama," which our
English translates, "The place where
the waters gather" But now the spirit
of adventure has thrown new light
upon Pokegama. The red man nc
longer holds undisputed sway, for bis
white brothers have invaded the path
less forests and pushed their boats OUT
upon the silent lake, remaining il
"Glazier," in honor of the intrepid man
who has established it's true relation
to the Mississippi. This explorer, as
is well known, was the leader of an ex-
petition which visited the head waters
of the Mississippi in 1881. For some
time before the final step of forming
such an expedition had been TAKEN
Capt. Glazier had strongly suspected
that Lake Itasca was not the true
source. The doubt of it's being such
had been held by him ever since his
journey on horseback across the CONT
nent from Boston to San Francisco In
1876, when he heard from Indians who
had lived in Northern Minnesota that
they knew of another lake to the south
of ltasca which they believed to be the
source of the Father of Waters. So
the project began. From that time
Capt. Glazier looked forward to the
day when he should satisfy himself on
the subject. For, be it known, he is a
! born explorer. It is generally known
now, by his own account and by the
accounts of those who have been inter
ested in the matter, how this lake was
found by him and his companions, and
why it had remained so long unrecog-
nized. There can be no doubt as tc
the claim it now holds upon our MAPS
and intelligent people hail its discovery
as the correction of an error which has
been too long disregarded. For the
purposes of obtaining sketches of the
country around the head waters, and
further investigating the northern
tributaries of the river, a number OF
gentlemen interested in geography and
science will accompany Capt. Glazier
this summer to the Upper Mississippi.
This trip is announced to be chiefly
one of pleasure, although some serious
attention will be paid to photography,
geology, and botany by experts of the
party. The country is certainly full
of charm for devotees of these sciences,
and those who have been following the
subject OF the newly located source
hitherto will doubtless await with in
terest further Developments which this
second journey will probably bring
forth. Chicago Herald.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

ional leader, has had this object in view
in every movement he made since he
landed on the leach of VIVA del Mar.
Mar He maneuye ed SO that he was
able to swing his little army round untii
he got it into strong position between
Balmaceda and Santiago. The President
lad already drawn every avail
able man from the capital for the
,efen of Valparaiso when Canto got
possession Of the railroad and cut it so
e ecti ely that it could be of no further
use. Then he stat oned one Of his best
regiments in strong position on the
line to pre- ent the poss b lily of repair
ing it until he hou be thro 'gh with
Balmaceds. The President saw his in
tention, and hastily mad arrangements
to smuggle OF on one of his steamers in
the dead of nj ht body Of troops to re-
enforce Santiago's depleted garrison.
But it W II not be able to make even al
de en- show of resistance, and the sur
render Of the capital is only question
of the len tn of time it will take the VIC
tor oGs army to get there. With Santi-
ago in the hands Of the junta army, the
war is over.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

cultivated. Seven hundred and thirty
nine pounds of leaves are required to
make seventy pounds of cocoons, and
the greatest care is needed in feeding
the worms. The leaves must be chopped
and evenly distributed throughout the
trays, otherwise the worms will be I'M
equally fed. The products Of two hatch
ings, unless Of exactly the same size,
must be kept apart, or the smaller
worms will starve. After eight weeks
Of eating, the worm REQUIRES four or five
days to spin his cocoon, and in two or
three weeks will emerge perfect moth.
Both as worm and moth, however, he is
sluggish in the extreme the worms sell
dom moving from the trays in which
they are placed. and the moths rarely
attempting fight. They lay their eggs
upon the cloth placed to receive them,
and die in few hours, taking no nour-
ishment after reaching the moth or per-
feet state.
Only those insects designed to propa-
gate their kind are allowed to come to
perfection, for as soon as the spinning
ceases, which is determined by the alb
sence of sound from within the cocoon,
a small instrument having been devised
for the purpose of ascertaining if the
worm is still at work, the cocoons are
stifed or placed in hot water in order to
kill the insects and prevent further de-
velopment.
In Mount Lebanon, where the silk
manufactures are extensive, the cOcOOnS
are frequently crushed with a maTlet;
but the general impression is that by
thi process the silk is injured. Both in
China and India the insects are killed
with boiling water. which is believed to
do it's work effectually, without in the
least harming the precious covering
After sitting the cocoons they are load
ed into trays or baskets. and transport
ed to the reelers, who begin operations
by stripping the cocoon of it's delicate
fio:sy covering, which then becomes
"waste" or rejected silk The cocoons
are then placed in water and stir
red with a carefully trimmed birch
rod, which is lifted from time to time to
ascertain if any threads are adhering to
it. AS soon as one is found it is care
fully traced to it's cocoon, another is
picked out and joined to it, and when
four or five are thus collected the com
bined thread is placed upon reel which
is slowly turned and the threads I'M
wound from the original package, Much
care is required at tnis part of the oper-
alton, for the threads are OF unequal
length, and, besides, are frequently
broken, so as soon as. one runs out or
breaks another is found and joined at as
nearly as possible the same point. The
reel must be far enough from the pan
containing the cOcoOns to allow the
thread to dry in transit. and the tedious
ness Of the process may be judged from
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

heavy guns soon swelled into one con
tinuous roar, and then it "a knOwn
that the final deci i've struggle which,
at the cost Of thousands of lives, per-
haps, was to deci wheth, r Balmaceda
or the junta was to be the
ruling power in chilli had begun.
Excitement WIS intense in Vaiparai O..
General Canto's position was on the hills
above the race track at Vina del Mar,
outside of the city He had abso ute
control of the railroad at Santiago and
commanded the ordin ry roads Hence
Santiago was pra cally in a state OF
siege. Affairs had come to such pass
that it was necessary or President kal-
maceda to make some move, and a lit g
after dayi&ht the word was given to at
tack the position held BY the revolution
lists. and, led by General Barbosa and
Alcerreca, the Government troops eft
their breastworkS and advanced on the
enemy under cover Of a heavy IRE
from their batteries The insurgent is
were generally armed W tn Manniicher
rifles and used smokeless p WIDER.
The Government troops were also
well armed. AS soon as the approach
ing column got within rGnge of the
Mannlichers, destructive fire from the
grape and CAMS er and ri bullets,
tore throu~h the ranks of the advanc-
ing troops until it became too hot, and
despite the efforts of the officers they
broke and retired almost in q panic.
Officers worked like bea ers to re f rm
their columns as soon as they got with
range of the dead Y Mannlichers aud at
last succeeded. then came another at
tack. In steady ranks the government
troors started on a double-quick up into
the torrent of fire and lead which biazed
from the ranks of the insurgent army
Early in the second charge General
Barbo was shot down and killed. The
line wavered but kept on. Then General
Alcerr ca fell from his horse, wounded
unto death. He was removed from the
field and died w thin an hour. Another
break and then General Canto gave the
order to charge. With wild yell the
eongres ionalist army left their deienses
and charged on the retreat ng enemy.
Their artil cry poured a deadly fire
into the ranks of Ba maceda' army.
The loss of their genera S left them wi b.
out head, and | the efforts of the
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

the fact that the threads are often from
600 to 1000 feet in length, and one pound
of cocoons ought to give combined
thread about $4,000 feet long. The
process of raising silkworms IS edious
from beginning to end, as may be judged
from the fact that the product Of LOGO
worms is required to make single
pound of merchantab' e silk.
The strands thus made into thread are
passed on to the weaver and manufact-
ured into the delicate fabrics which de-
light the eyes and gladden. the hearts
alike of pagan and Christian bellies At
this point Of manufacture, however,
when the product passes into the loom,
authorizations and frauds become posi-
BILE. It is impossible to adulterate the
thread, but when the thread becomes
combined with many thousands of 9th
ers to make cloth frauds are frequently
practiced In few lines of dry goods is
adulteraton more frequently practiced
than in silks, fact which has been
caused by the demand for cheap yet
snowy goods, for in this country the
servant must look as we'll as the million
aires daughter; the woman who scrubs
the front steps is as ambitious, so far as
dress is concerned, as the won an who
sits in the parlor There being de-
mand, therefore, for the greatest posi-
BILE show at the least possible price,
metallic dyes came into use, and also the
practice of weighing the yarn, espe-
cially that which goes into the manu-
facture of black silk tasses and fringes,
and to such an extent is this adultera-
ton practiced that oftentdmes these
goods are, in weight, two thirds dye and
one-third cloth.
Aside from China, whore silk has al
ways been made in abundance, silk Gull
ture is an important branch of industry
in Palestine in Syria, particularly in the
Lebanon Range, where both Christians
and MohammedanS work side by side in
the manufacture and realize well on
their labors. Tt is manufactured with
profit in Turkey and Greece, and also in
Italy In San Reno and Genoa, in Ma
pies, and other town on the western
coast of the peninsula, whole streets are
given up to silk-workers, and picturesque
spectacles are presented by these people
with their spinning wheels and looms,
their trays and cocoons, and the huge
baskets of leaves brought in from the
surrounding mulberry plantations for
the sustenance of their stock in trade.
Largely cultivated IN spain, POfLugal
and tie South of France. the attempts
which have been ma de in England and
Germany have not realized the success
hoped for them by the projectors. The
climate of the north of Europe is not
sufficiently warm, the changes are too
great, the proper food for the worm is
not always to be found, and the quality
of the silk depends in no small degree
upon the proper leaf :urn:shed for the
food
The quantity of silk annually pro-
duced is almost incredibly great. There
are every year imported into England
over s,GOo,O0O pounds of raw silk, over
100000 pounds of waste, and up
ward of 100. COS pounds of W ious grades
of thread, total of .nole AN IL, 062>-
Oo0 pounds year, to say thing Of silk
goods already manufacti rcd, exceeding
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03
az .nestx the Eeet," Etc.

For years there was a beggar on the
steps of st. Sulpice. with a hump which
steadily g ew. A few months ago he
va, taken ILL., and in delirium jumped
out of window and was killed. A
neighbor, who picked him up, upon
investigating his hump found that it
contain ed $4,000 in bonds and coin.
Finding that the beggar had two rela-
tives, to whom he had left his fortune
by will, the finder sent the money to
them, with the exception of s., 1000.
The relati es discovered this fact, and,
after prosecution for theft, the man In
question was condemned to two years.
mprisonment.-
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

ceding year 1874, $40, 1913 worth of goods.
The days of the excessive costliness
of silk have gone by, and the probability
is that in the next few years large addi-
tions will be made to the silk-producing
area of the world. Southern California,
many parts of the Southern States, the
West Indies, Mexico Central America,
the northern part of South America and
large districts in Africa are excellently
well suited to the growth and develop
ment Of the worm, as we'll as the null
berry on which it feeds, and in not a
few localities arrangements are now
being made, both in this and other
countries, by planting mulberry groves,
to prepare for silk culture.
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

in value sec, 900, 0o0 Nor does this rep
resent more than the consumption OF a
single nation, and it is estimated that
the total annual consumption of the
world exceeds 100, coo, 0OO pounds year.
Attempts have been made to raise the
worm in the United States, but not with
marked success. Before the revolution
airy war the silkworm was introduced
into Virginia, North and South Carolina,
and Georgia, but the industry died out
completely during the revolution, and has
not been resumed to any considerable
extent Eut the silk manufactures of
this country form an important part of
its business. By the census of 1880, it
appeared that there were $50 factories
with capital of SO. 1875, 800, employing
10000 hands, and turning out in the pre-,
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

their newly di covered manufacture the
Chi csc made an effort to Keep it q
secret aud derive a benefit from the eX-
pert of silk, without lowing others to
share in the KIN Jwledge of the manner
in which it was made. The frontiers
were guarded 1t was made a crime
punis ab " death to carry either silk
worms, their eggs. or cocOonS out OF the
empire The silk was only exported,
and for twenty centuries the Oh, nese n
loved a m no .Ciy OF the silk manufac-
ture ira e bout $40 A. d. q coupe of
monkish misSiona les, in the course of
Their wa der ngS crossed he Chinese
fro tier They were XII dly received,
and for some years abode in a city in the
South OF China There ey learned
the secret of the silk manufacture, and
on their return dete mined to convey
their know edge and the means of
spreading the industry to Europe h ach
prepare hollow cane as walking
staff, and fl:cd the holl with silk
worm eggs. i b Sc III y struggled ross
the frontier. and a. ter many weeks of
weary travel faally reached Constanti-
NOBLE, and wern ad tilted the pr sence
of En-, error JuStinian. To him they re-
lated the marvellous story and presented
their treas re Under instructions
of the monks, who had witnessed the
methods prac &c by h. Chinese, the
eggs we're placed un er favorable on
dit onS the worms reared and the first
cocoons er seen in Europe were spun
into thread.
From this h mbe start, says the
Globe Democrat, the silk industry of Eu-
rope began. 1t was destined to reach
mighty propo tons and in time to be SO
aided by machinery and me hanical
devices of various descriptions as
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

A. u.E unuiA1 Or TIN UUwrnearly every hour of
CApTuRED ToRpE-the day, there have
Do-BOAr, ALM1-been skirmishes, in
RANTE LYNCH. some instance S
amounting almost to battles In nearly
all of these the opposition has had the
better of it. A close censorship of dis
patches was established by Ralmaceda,
however. and only an inkling of the re-
verses to his arms could be got through.
The DO m of cannon announced to the
people of Valparaiso that movement
beyond the ordinary skirm shes hal be-
gun. The occasional loud reports of the
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03

such earnest and constant attention of
the manipulation. The~eggs are uncer-
tain in Matching, the worms require al
most continual attention, both as to
their food, temperature and light A
sudden draught may destroy the owners
hope of CROP Even the cocoons must
be looked after, for if they are killed too
soon the total amount of silk will not
have been deposited by the Inmate,
while if left too long the worms burst
through their covering and spoil the
product. The insects are subject to all
sorts of diseases, innumerable parasites
feed upon them and impair their health,
and even after the cocoons are prepared
for the winter improper treatment may
subject the grower to a heavy loss.
The silkworm is commonly spoken Of
as though there were but one kind AS
a fact, every caterpillar produces silk
when spinning it's cocoon There are
twenty-nine varieties of worm which
produce an excellent article of silk, but
only three Or four are raised exclusively
for this product, and of these one is best
in China, while another is better adapted
to the climate of India, still another
fares best in Asia Minor, and another in
Europe The eggs of the best kind, the
Chinese worm, are exceedingly minute,
about 100, 900 to the ounce, and the cat
erpillar when first Matched is less than a
quarter of an inch in length. The in
sect lives from forty-fve to fifty three
days, and increases in month to length
sometimes exceeding three inches and q
weight $500 times that at Matching. He
eats necessarily, save when throwing off
the old skin, when he desists for day
or so, only to begin with fresh yigor.
and to make marvellous increase in
sic within few hours after the skin is
shed The best food is the leaf Of the
The Telegraph-courier. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1888-1946, 1891-09-03
About the. six Worm.

The credit of originating the silk in
dustry is due to woman. About 4, 500
years age, the Empress Si-Ling-Chi was
passing an artificial pond in the palace
grounds, when she perceived, lying in
the water, certain cocoons of bright
yellow color, from which pretty threads
floated away on the surface of the
water. She babe one of her maids stoop
and gather up the threads, when, to her
astonishment, they unwound from the
co oons. The process continued, the
bright yellow trands were wound round
a stick until the cocoon were exhausted,
and thus was begun what next to tea
growing, proved to be the most import
ant industry of the Chinese Empire.