The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1891-05-05

climate along the Coast like that of
Cuba. 1t is question not yet solved
what effect this peculiar climate will
have on the Anglo-Saxon race in the
long run. The vital statistics of the
colonies show very low death rate,
with a remarkable freedom from
malaria. Tasmania has cooler and
mora humid climate than the main
land, aud is called by the Australians
the Emerald Isle"
Few countries in the world can
rival Australia in mineral wealth of
all kinds
That most useful mineral, coal, is
found in unlimited quantities close
to the harbor of Newcastle, as we'll
as in Victoria and Tasmania. As is
we'll known, the discovery of gold in
1851. created the colony of Victoria,
which has since then exported over
1000, 100000 worth of gold, and
still turns out over 10000 ounces
per annum. More or less of this
HllllCld III 10 lUuutt III ali VI VIC oOubH-
ern colonies, but in Queensland five
years ago extraordinarily rich depo-
sits of it were discovered in Mt.
Morgan. South Australia and
Queensland are 10th rich in copper,
While Tasmania posse sses the richest
tin mine 10 the world. Broken Hill
in New South Wales, discovered
seven years ago, is said to contain
the largest and richest deposit of
silver in existence.
Australia, with its strange, uncan-
ny fauna and fora, which seem to
belong to a by-gone geological period,
at first contributed very little to the
world resources, except in the way
of timber.
But most of the useful plants and
animals of Europe have been sue
cessfuIIy Introduced there.
South Australia, in spite of is dry
climate, exports immense quantities
Of wheat, having about two millions
of acres planted with that staple, of
which Victoria also exports consider
able. Both of these colonies as well
as New South Wales, are making
rapid strides in the culture of TIE
olive, the grape and other fruits, in
which they are already formidable
rivals of California. In Queensland
the production of sugar Is an import
ant industry. But the Characteristic
product of Australia is wool, in the pro-
ductiOn of which she leads the world,
both as regards quality and quantity.
At present her sheep number nearly
one hundred millions, being twice as
many as are raised in the United
States. OF these New South Wales
owns more than all the other colonies
put together. The total annual clip
is over 400 millions of pounds.
But it is not land nor climate nor
gold that constitute a state, but a
free people, who know their rights,
but know their duties, too.
In this respect the first start of
the southern colonies was unfortun-
ate. Three of them began their
career as penal settlements, of which
New South Wales, the mother-colony
of the whole, was founded in 1888
by Capt. Phillip, The transporta-
ton system was continued ia this
colony until 1910, and in Van Die
mans Land, as it was then called,
from 1903 until 1858. West Austria
LA was a penal settlement from 1S49
till 1868, when transportation was
discontinued, at the demand of the
other colonies. The effects of the
system were most pernicious, not
only to the convicts, but also to the
free settlers, who lived among them,
and grew rich on cheap penal labor.
No wonder that the Tasmanians
changed the name of their fair isle,
to get rid of the tragical associations
connected with the hated words
Evan Diemen's Land" That colony
has never entirely recovered from the
blight of the white slavery, to which
it owed it's splendid roads and sub
stantial public buildings. As early
as 1852, the eastern colonies passed
very severe laws to prevent the in
lux OF eX"convlcts or paupers. No
mercy was shown to "Tasmanian
holters," or pardoned convicts from
West Australia.
In fact, their papers declare that
they will have none If Gen. Booths
proposed colonists among them.
For many years the colonial demo-
cracy has opposed and discouraged
all immigration for fear that it
would lower the rate of wages.
The real history of Australia be-
gins with the discovery of gold in
1851. Then followed such an influx
of energy and enterprise as no other
country, except perhaps California,
has ever received. "Od things
passed away, and all things became
new Disorder and crime were put
down. and the reign of law establish
ed with vigor and promptness I'M
exampled elsewhere. The wonderful
progress that has been achieved
since then, attests the energy and in
telligence of those settlers.
Australia, as u whole, enjoys the
advantage of having more homo
4eneous population than any other
EngIish-speaklng community outside
Of Great Britain. As Mr.. Parkin
observes, it is more Anglo-Saxon
than Canada with its utramontane
French province, more so than. the