The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1891-12-06

l NOh"sn teNo ub peaooos chouos munbiOn,
have Kept the Saxon words house. home. IN
COTTAGE Against the French word table y
have the humber but moro hospitsble wor
board. Dish. though originally from the Lati
WORD discus. was naturnlized SO early DC
come In the same class, ohronologically. wit
pitcher. mug. jug. and spoon. It appears tbs
our baxon ancestors ate with Their knivel
since FORK 10 Latin. but Is the word IL found
Anglo-Saxon and comes straight from frct
not from Jotuchefte. We infer that forks mus
have been used. though not for the table
Ills commonly asserted that forks were nc
USED IN England on the table till the seven
teenth century. It's recorded. however. tina
Eiinor OF Aduitaine. who married Henry IL
ana VINO had been brought up In the relativel
men Provencai civilization. brought with he
england case containing FORK and spool
0oe used In eating Apropos OF the genera
sppnoauon OF Norman words ss contraste,
with the specific use OF English. It is pointet
out tnat when We speak OF color In general W,
useaterm OF french origin. butif we mention
particular COLOR. as REQ. yellow. black. green. o.
Drown We use an English word. 30. too whei
Hespeak IN general way OF moving wear Ro
mAns OUT we are Teutons II we leap or spring
or Slip or slide or crawl. or walk or run. swim
creep or ny. OF course tho more recently par
aoulartzed oolors which were not differentiated
py our ancestors. ike mauve. scarlet. crimson
vermiliion. carmine. &C.. como under differ.
ont mead. many OF them being technical trade
names derived rom dyes. ST.. ...-,-....
nymes. one OF which is Of Latin. the other Of
Ieutonio extraction. like flower and bloom.
sueam ana river LANGUAGE and tongue. pitch
sno oeeree' vile ana spouse. miserable and
wretcneo. &C Each member OF ono OF these
pairs mas slightly different meaning and
goes properly with different modifying adjec-
yves and adapts itself to different 1gurative
usages. FOR instance. we can speak OF O
stream OF talk OF ideas. but scarcely OF river
OF e!ner. again. we say mother tongue and
nne LANGUAGE out not mother language OF
me tongue. IN connection with synonynnes we
are reminded that we possess q number Of
idiomatio expressions comprising two words
OF the same meaning. one OF which Is Eng
hsh and the other Norman French. These are
survivals OF the time when Norman words were
SINKING into the English language and some
persons understood Norman term and some
an english one. Familiar examples OF such
oouoiets are the following: Act and deed.
AID ana ebet. bag and baggage. head and chief.
metes ana pounds. Will ana testament, use and
wont. pray and beseech. The Prayer Book.
wnicn was revised lo42-l54a. was Apparently
innuenced by popular craving for double
VocaouiarTror IL uses the expressions acknowl-
eoge ana confess. assemble and meet together.
ENSEMBLE anu CLOAK. humble and lowly.
sooner or later the Norman French words
entered tho national language: that is to say.
the tongue OF the people. But In the Latin OF
the fourth period we encounter the introduce
ton OF large number OF words directly from
the Latin Into written or literary Eng
hsh. Milton and Str Thomas Browne
never nesltated TO Anglictze Latin term.
ana they mad many tmitators: cones-
ouently many long-tailod words found their
way INTO the language. many OF which. how
ever. ike exeruncate. septentrtonality. and
monbundiousness. were doomed to speedy
death. whether word IL derived direct
~ from the LAun. or indirectly through
the french. may DO readily distinguished.
As rule. the Latin dertvattve was In the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries trsne-
planted bodily 70 written page. On the other
mana. french nouns come from the accuse
yves OF Latin nouns. the Examinations being
much dishgured. such words would be fur
ther disguised from the TACT that they were
received INTO the oral language through the
ear. from troL Johnson's list OF Latin and
French duplicates into English may be brought
Forward these examples: Cadence and chance.
conception and conceit. fabric and forge. fac
ton and fashion. fact and feat, quiet and coy.
tradition and treason. Jealous and jealous.
Nothing is more common than to hear half
educated men denounce the use Of Latin deriv-
atives. ana insist that the qualities OF terse-
ness. simplicity. and power are confined to the
English element OF our tongue. They APP
parently take ior Granted that all Latin words
are long words ProL johnson has brought
together an imperfect catalogue containing.
however more than q hundred Latin words Of
one syllable which nave been In our language
since 14oo. and. ike the Normans in Ireland.
nave become more native than the natives
themselves. We need not say that the number
OF Latin dissyllables Is incomparably greater \
Among the Latin nonosylables In daily use
may be mentioned add. air. art. beast, blame.
boast, boil. case. cause. cease. chance. change.
charm. chase cheer. clear. course. court, crime.
crown cure, dam. dance. doubt, dress.ease face.
laith fall. FALSE fume. feast, fierce. fool force.
form. fount, gay. grace. grant grieve. guide.