The sun., 1891-06-09


and reason would urge him t" do this. We
have soon that this great labor question cam
not bs solved except BY assuming as prn-
ciple that private ownership must be hold
sacred and inviolable. The law. therefore.
should favor ownershlp. and it's policy should
bs to induce As many Of tho people as possible
to become owners. ....
Many excellent results will follow from this:
and, first OF nll. property will certainly become
moro eauitably divided. For the eject Of civil
change and revolution has been to divide soci.
ety into two widely differing castles. On the
one side there is the party which holds tho
power because 1t holds tho wealth which has
In Its grasp all labor and all trade. W hch man.
ipulaies for Its own benefit and its own pur-
poses all tho sources Of supply. and
which is powerfully represented In the
councils OF tho State ITSELF On the
other side there is the needy and
powerless multitude. core and suffering. and
always ready for disturbance. Iworkins pso.
ple can bs encouraged 10 look forward to OBJ
tanning share In the land. tho result will be
that tho gulf between vast wealth and 'deep
poverty will be brdged over and the Two or
ders will bo brought nearer together. Another
consequence will be the greater abundance OF
the fruits OF tho earth. Men always work
harder and more readily whSn they work on
that which 10 their own: nay. they learn to
love tho very soil which Yields In re.
sponss to the labor OF their hands
not only food to eat. but an abundance
Of good thines for themselves and those that
are dear to them. It Is evident how such .
spirit OF willing labor would add to the produce
OF tho earth and to tho wealth Of the com.
munlty. And third advantage would arise
from this: men would cling to the country in
which they wsro born: for no one would OK.
change his country for foreign land II his
own afforded him the means Of living to!er-
able and happy life. These three important
benefits. however. can only be expected on tho
condition that mans means be not drained
and exhausted BY excessive tax alton Tbs
right to possess private property is from
nature. not from man; and the State has only
the right To regulate Its use In tho interests OF
the public good. but by no means TO abolish Il
altogether. The State is therefore unjust and
cruel H. in tho name OF taxation. 1t deprives the
private owner OF more than Is just
In tho last place. employers and woskmes
mny themselves effect much In the matter OF
which We treat. By means Of those institutions
and organizations which afford opportuhe as.
sistance to those In need. and which draw the
two orders moro closely together. Among
those may be enumerated: Societies for mn.
.ual help: various foundations established By
private persons for providing for tho workman.
and for his widow or his orphans. In sudden
calamity. in sickness. and In tho event OF
death: and what are called "patrona9es" or
institutions for the cnre OF boys and Girls for
younR people, and also for those Of moro ma
sure age.
Tho most important OF al are workmsn's
associations. for those virtually include all
the rest. History sttssis what excellent re-
suits were effected by tho artiAcers' guilds Of
a former day They were tho means not only
OF many advantages 10 the workmen. but in no
small degree OF the advancement OF art. as nu-
merous monuments remain to prove. Such
associations should be adapted to tho require
ments OF the age In which We live-an age OF
greater instruction. OF different customs, sud
OF more numerous requirements In daily
life. 1t is gratifying to know that
there are actually In existence not .
few societies Of this nature. consisting
either Of workmen nlone or OF workmsn
and employers together: but II were Rreatlyto
be desired that they should multiply and BE-
como more effective. We have spoken OF them
moro than once; but 1t will be well to explain
hero how much they are needed. to show that
they exist by their own right. and TO enter into
the!. organization aud their work.
The experience OF his own weakness urges
man to call In help from without. We read in
the pages OF Holy Writ: II rs better ha. tno
SHouiu oe tOufHeT WuH OHfs TOT HeV VuVe "e nv
ranta0e of their society. II one fall he shall
supported bv the other. Woe TO him Aat Is alone
for mhen he Jalieth he hath none TO I'm him up
And further: a brother that 10 helpad BY ms
brother il Ike q strong citv.t 1t 10 this natural
impulse whloh unltes men In OWL society; and
II 10 this also which makes them band them
sclvos together In associations Of citizen with
citizen; associations which. IL Is true. cannot
be called societies In the complete sonse OF the
word. but which are SOC eties nevertheless
These lesser societies and the society when
constitutes the State differ In many things oe'
cause their Immediate purpose and end is dii-
feront. Civil society exists for the common
good. and therefore 10 concerned with the in'
terests Of al! In general and with in'
dividual interests In their duo p'scs
and proportion. Hence It is called pub
hc society. because by its means a. sS
Thomas Of Aquin says. Men communicate utA