davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-06-12
Oakland District Conference.

@ Program of the Oakland district
~. r conference to be held at Terra
Alta. June 1918. 1891.
TUESDAY. JUNE l6.
q: 90 p. m. Organic .lion.
q 80 Sacramental sermon by
kev. J. G. Morris.
WEDNESDAY. JUNE II.
8: 90 IA. IN. Devotional services.
81: 30 - Disciplinary business.
l0;G0 Discussion Pastoral
Duties and their Difficulty" c. E.
Woodruff and NJ. Knotts.
2: % p. m, Devotional services.
y: 30 - Disciplinary business.
B: 80 - Discussion. .-"Influence
~ Mathorlism on the Christian
World" c. E. Clark and T. R.
D, !, D,,.ssulkaer. ..... .. .... ....
7: 90 Dayotional services.
1880 " Discussion "Eviden-
ces of Church Loyalty" G w. Keep.
Ter and j. N. Sharps.
THURSDAY, JUNE 18.
8: 90 a. IN. Devotional services.
8: 30 Disciplinary business.
10: 80 Discussi0n-"H0W to
make Sunday schools more Efficient.
A. b. RohrDaugh and w. G. l.. Cor
rell.
200 p. m. Dew tional services.
z: 30 " Disciplinary business.
$3.50 Discussion -"Obstacles
to the Success o! the Gospel" A. A.
Nicholas and ]. C. Rexroad.
7: 90 DEVOTIONAL services.
Z: 30 Educational discussion
Prof. 3. w. Hutchinson, Pres. of
the w. Va. Conf. Seminary.
Opening speeches limited to 90
minutes, others To be 5 minutes. All
reports 10 be made in writing.
COMMITTEE ON EXAMINATIoN.
License to preach-H. +. Friend,
Josephus EnIow.
1st Year-R. S. Welch, John r. x.
road.
81 Year-E. G. Woodruff, j. NJ.
Davis.
81 Year-G. W. Repler, G. E.
Clark.
4ih Year A. A. Nicholas. r. R.
Faulkner.
Recommendations for Deacons'
Oiders-J c. Morris. J. N. Sharpe.
For Admission on Trial-A. b
ROhrbaugh, NJ. Knots.
VIM. J. SHARPEs, p. E.,
? ~ G. f. CLARK.
j. N. SHARPE,
S. D. TAMBLYN,
}. M. DAVIS,
Committee.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-06-12
Rats for Prison Fare.

Capt. L. "A Chisholm, If Oakland :,
when questioned on the subject of
Confederate soldiers being 40 reduced
in Western prison during the war
as TO hp f0Tr,"l to eat ats. s4:d Il
DO not know whether The prI|pnrrS
who were confined in Camp Morton
INDUCED in rat eating or not. but |
knoW that tine Confaderttes who
were imprisoned 10 Fort Delaw
ate rats and were glad to get then.
l have seen the POOR hungry crea-
lures along the walls with clubs
waiting tor rat to appear. and often
times | have seen n man who was
lucky enough to capture one have to
fight to keep it. t
'Tho>e of us who had friends
within the Federal lines and occa-
sionaIiy got something from home
suffered less ttan those whose homes
We're further South and who We're
cat off from their friends. | got a
box from hOn' now and then, but
got hungry enough to eat rats he.
tween times, and did eat them. d.
M. Mason, who is now ticket agent
of the Baltimore and Ohio at Oak
land, and l were together, and we
wore captured on the 18th day Of
May. 1864, and were released on the
10Th day of June 1865. Many of the
prisoners were afflicted with scuryy
and died on account of the prison
fare. The suffrrngs of Others were
beyond description. We enlisted in
the Thirty-third Virginia Infantry
in September. 1862. ami were with
the StonewaII Brigade at Autietam.
Harper's Ferry, Fredericksburg,
ChanceIlorsville. Winchester. Gettys.
burg, the Wilderness, and every en-.
gagement in which the brigade took
part mp to the time we were captur.
el."
" HclI dNhSu III iIC HItduI W Sdy lie
was forced to eat rats during impris-
onment, Captain Chisholm SAID : II
mean to say that our ordinary food.
supplemented by what we could get
from friends, was not sufficient, and
We ate rats to satisfy as far as possible
the cravings of hunger. l do not
make this statement at this late day
to complain of the government, but
you have asked me the questions and
[ simply give you the facts. There
were thousands of men in Fort Del.
aware at the time I was there who
know these statements to be true.
don't see why anybody should raise
rumpus oyer the rat-eating busi. q.
ness. l have no doubt those who
were in prison down Sputh suffered
more than we did, because the Deople
Who were not in prison there were
compelled to live On short rAtions." u"
Captain Chisholm Was "a private in
the Confederate Army and returned
to his home in Oakland after being
released from prison, and has resided
there ever since. He is we'll known
as the captain of the Garrett Guards.
of Oakland, and figures as one of the
best rifle shots in the once famous
Hdymaker team.-Cumb. Times.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-06-12
FIRE INSURANCE,

Having added another first-clasS company
to those represented by me, am now pre-
oare to write policies on all kinds of proper
ly Oh short notice and at reaS nablc rates.
Special inducements and rates given on
dwelling houses and farm property.
Insure your property in good companies
those authorized by laN TO do business in the
Safe, and save trouble in case of fire.
The only licensed Fire Insurance Agent in
Garrett county, authorized to write policies.
3lhu f. A. THAY|R.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-06-12
Excursions to Mountain Lake Park

Excursions to Mountain Lake Park.
Rev. g. g. Baker, of HagerstoWn,
Md, has been appointed by the Bal.
timore and Ohio r. r. Co. Excursion
Agent for Mountain Lake Park. Par
ties desiring to make arrangements
for the transportation of churches,
Sunday. schools. societies, or other
organized excursion parties, can pro.
cure full infol nation concerning
rates of transportation and train SER
vice by communicating with him.
Special inducements in the way o.
low rates and special trains will be
offered for the transportation of large
parties. 1l-4
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-06-12
farm FOR SALE.

For sale cheap. a farm OF 305 acres, about 90
acres ~ which is cleared, and on which are
erecteda
7i00.'Story frame House, 1tCo Stables
woodland is covered with EXCELl ,ENr
TIMBER. The farm is situated two miles
from Swanton, B. & .. r. X. About 80 acres
IL under fence. Ayoung orchard was put out
touryears ago, and will soon come into hear
ting
For particulars and terms, apply to or ad-
dress
RICHA - CUSTER.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-06-12

Read The REPUBLICAN,!
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-06-12

Oil cake meal, S1.75, at Murphy's.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
LY INDEPENDENT: HELENA. SUNDAY MORNING. OCTOBER % 1891

railway mail service organized 4 mutual
beneficial association, which 10 In 4 flour
ishing condition. II 10 a good thing aud
We encourage the men to join u. Ita mem
bei ship embraces about half Of thosc Ia the
service. Each mcmher pays = dollar in
case Of death, tho sum paid being now
about 81, 800.
"Ihis is purely a voluntary matter and
| does not in any manner lessen the ohliga-
| ton which | think rests upon the govern
/ suggested. We shall continue to urge the
matter upon congress- and hope for q favor
able issue"
what part of the time are the clerks on
dutyp"
wearing, and they must have time for rest.
On the heavy lines, each man has from \
quarter to q third of his time for rest aud
study. The postal clerk always has some
thing to learn; he never sees the time when
he can say he knows II al. On tho shorter
routes, with lighter mails, the work ia not
nearly so hard. The long routes are divided
into sections. For instance. between New
York and Chicago. II set OF clerks run to
Syracuse, another to Cleveland and a third
from thai point to Chicago. Not moro than
ten or twelve hours OF continuous services
can be asked of a postal clerk. II. as in
some cases, the exigencies OF the service re-
quire this to be extended to fifteen or more.
proportionate time must be allowed for
rest. 1t ia a hard life at best, involving
close application, absence from home, and
often irfegularity, IN meals anu nours lor
sleep. I am proud to say that we have an
excellent force, whose efficiency and faith
fulness are beyond praise"
what of the future?"
..As Patrick Henry said, I have no way
of judging the future but by the past Un.
q~uestionably the railway mail service will
to grow, keeping pace with the de-
velopments of the country. In promoting
speedy communication, il has conferred
the people a benefit that cannot be
measured. 1t is a fact that the thousands
of towns and villages get relatively more
advantage from it than do the large cities.
Between the latter, the mails go through
the great benefit comes from the
quick distribution OF the mails that are
picked mp along the route. Tho railway
mail service costs something, but the gov
makes no expenditure which pays
better. DAVID
Copyright.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
THE MAIL ON THU RAIL-.
EFFICIENCY OF H RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE.


0NE OF THE MOST INTERESTING
E6l branches of the government service
~ is the railway mail, and as inter
eating Il talker as you will find IN
the postoflce department 10 Mr.. j. Lowrie
Bell, the second assistant postmaster-gen-
sral, who was not long ago general superin-
tendent of 1t. He is thoroughly informed
on all matters relating to our postal system,
and when I asked him as to the service this
afternoon, he replied:
Tho story of the growth and prosperity
of postal service of the United States is the
most wondrous in our history. In 1850
there were only seventy. i've postoffices in
the country, and orr entire postal revenue
was only S25, 900. Now we have sixty-three
thousand postoffices, and our postal re-
ceipts are five or six times as much every
day az they we're in 1880 for a whole year.
The year 1888 is not so far back, but there
are many persons now living who remem-
Der it. In that year a New York newspaper
complained because news by mail from
Washington was n week old when
it should have gotten through in
four days. 1 can show you a contract
dated about this time, for transport
ing the mails between Philadelphia and
Plttsburg in tour-horss post-coaehes. The
contractors were to run two lines a day, one
to go through in q little more than two
days and the other in three and q half
days. The first was the through letter line
and was the fast mail of that day. The
slower was called the way mail carrying
newspapers and letters for the small offices.
These old contracts contained a clause stip-
ulating that on lines where mails had
grown heavy they should be carried in
coaches constructed under the direction of
the postofics department. exclusively for
the mails, except IN outside for the &C.
commodation of three passengers From
this it will be seen that in building and
running railway cars exclusively for the
mails in these later days the department.
has only followed out the policy that was
deemed necessary in stage-coach times.
at was considered . great stride forward
wheu a contract was made for an express
mail between New York and Philadelphia
in six hours. At that time an express did
not mean a railway train, but a fast horse
back service. The distance between those
cities is ninety miles, and a speed of fifteen
miles an hour was repaired. This was at
tanned by running the horses under whip
and spur and changing them every five
miles. 1t took two horses each way to
carry the mail and there were eighteen
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25

it at a glance, he must lay it aside. The
BOYS call these mixes They found up
wards of four millions Of them last year.
They are sent to certain designated offices
where the people who ave more time try
their skill upon them. They have experts
at these offices who succeed in making. the
proper disposition of about half of thsm.
The other half they send to the dead letter
office here in Washington, which is the
court of last resort for them"
Under what system OF examination are
the clerks appointed?"
.sThey ali have to go through the civil
service mill. They are, however, examined
with special reference to their fitness for
the business. We DO not care whether a
man can read Chaldee or knows anything
about the different calculus, but he must
understand the geography. OF this country
things count much more in the examina-
ton than any others. If a man is seriously
deficient in them he IS not likely to make a
good postal clerk. But a certificate that he
has passed a creditable examination does
not make a man a postal clerk. 1t simply
means that he is qualified to learn to be
one. We take him six months on proba-
ton, as they do in the Methodist church.
At the and, of that time, if he has
acquitted himself well, he gets q perma-
nent appointment. If he is not quite up to
the mark. but gives promise of success, we
may extend his trial tenn three months.
Some men are slower to learn than others,
but are just as good when they do get there.
From time to time. as the law provides, tho
permanent clerks are examined for promo
tion to higher grades. Those who pass
have their pay increased. So you see there
is a constant incentive to reach the highest
possible proficiency. These examinations
consist chiefly of the actual distribution, as
if they were letters, of q large number of
cards which bear the names of postofuces.
Celebrity and correctness in doing this are
the things that count. The clerks are
started at $500 a yea. At present the max
imum pay is $1.400."
"What provision is made for them in case
of death or disability by a%ccident2"
mot such, in my opionion, as there ought
to be. The duty of the postal clerk is not
arduous, but involves constant danger to
life or limb. There is no class of men in
the government service who are more earn
est and diligent in their work or more de-
serving of consideration. The law now
permits US to continue on the pay roll for
a period not exceeding one year and to an
amount not more than $1,000, a clerk who
is disabled while in the line of duty. There
is no provision in case of death. The de-
partment has recommended to congress
a bill to pay one years salary to the widow.
children or dependent relatives of one who
is killed. This seems to me emlnently
proper, and little enough for the govern
msnt to do in such cases.
Last year there were l45 casualties in the
railway mail service. Ten postal clerks
were killed, ninety-five were seriously
danger to postal clerk in
case of accident is greater than that of Or
binary passengers. His car is near the
of the train, and is generally more
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
NEW.
Sioux City Route
-. =. EAST.

Passengers for the East from Helena and
other western points will find the NEW
ROUTE via SIOUX CITY and the ILL
NOIS CENTRAL q. r. not only desirable
rs to time and equipment, but one of the
most attractive, passing through Sioux City,
the only Corn Palace City Of the world;
Dubuque, the handsome Key City of Iowa;
Rockford, Illinois, a new manufacturing
city, that has become a world within it,
self" and Chicago, whose growth and en-
terprise is the wonder of the world. With
elegant free Chair Cars, and Pullman Pal
ace Sleeping Cars on every train between
Sioux City and Chicago, and with a close
connection with the UNION PACIFIC
trains at Sioux City, the
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25

not possible, but we come nearer to 1t every
year. There has never been a falling back.
Without an exception the per cent of Of
fciency and accuracy has shown an in
crease each year. Every mistake is re-
corded and charged up to the man who
lAakes 1t. Last year the errors We're only
one to every 1896 pieces handled, or
twenty-si thousandths of one per cent.
1t seems to me that the railway mail SER
vice has a right to be proud of such a show
ing"
'Do not the clerks have trouble with de-
fective and illeGible addresses?"
Plenty of it, just as everybody does VIII
handles mail matter. A postal clerk on
railway train up to his ears in work, can
not spend much time in deoiphering an il
legible superscription. 1t he cannot read
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
Deserving Praise.

We desire to say to our citizens that for
wears we have been selling DR.. Kings New
Discovery for consumption, DR.. Kings New
Life Pills, Bucklen's Arnica Salve and
Electric Bitters, and ave never handled
remedies that sell so we'll, or that have
given such universal satisfaction. We do
not hesitate to guarantee them every time
and we stand ready to refund the purchase
price if satisfactory results do not follow
their use. These remedies have won their
great popularity on their merits. II. s.
Hale & Co., druggists.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
Are You Suffering

From back ache, Inflammation Of the blad-
der, driok dust deposit or stone in the blad-
der, or in fact any arrangement Of the
kidneys or urinary organs? If thus afflicted
do not lose time and waste money on worth
less linimsnts and worse plasters, but strike
at the seat of the disease at once by using
the greatest of all known remedies, the eel
ebrsted OREGON Kidney Tea. Pleasant to
take, purely vegetable. Satisfaction every
time.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
Through Pullman Sleeping Cars and Furnishs
Tourists sleepers Daily between points
D in MONTANA and
ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS 4 CHICAGO

THROUGH TICKETS are sold at all ,coupol
offices of the Northern Pacific R. r. to point
North. East, South and West in the Units1
States and Canada.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
ILLINOIS CENTRAL R. R.

respectfully presents Its claims for the new
and every way desirable SIOUX CITY,
ROUTE.
For folders and further particulars call
upon local ticket agent, or address the un-
dersigned at Manchester, Iowa.
j. +. MERRY,
Asst. Gen. Pass. ARt.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25

liable to suffer disaster than the rear
coaches. The record of casualties each year
is II narrowing one. The postal clerks often
meet death or mutilation in their most uw-
full forms. Not long ago one of our very
best men, Greenawald, WAS killed in that
smash-up on the Rending. Not a week
passes without accidents to these faithful
servants of the people.
"a few years ago, the employees OF the
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1891-10-25
THE CHICAG0,-
MILWAUKEE g.
ST. PAUL R'Y. -


Is the Fast Mail Short Line from St. Paul
and Minneapolis via La Crosse and Milwau-
kee to Chicago and all points in the East
ern States and Canada. 1t is the only line
under one management between St. Paul
and Chicago, and 1t is tho Finest Equipped
hallway in tho Norshwe st. 1t is the only
line running Pullman Drawing-room Sleep.
ing cars with luxurious smoking-rooms. and
the finest dining-oars in the world, via the
famous "River Bank Route" along the
shores of Lake Pepin and the beautiful
Mississippi river to Milwaukee and Chioa-
go. Its Trains connect with those of the
Northern lines in the Grand Union depot at
st. Paul. No change of cars of any class
between ST. Paul and Chicago. For through
tickets, time tables, and full information,
apply to II coupon ticket agent in the
northwest.
The record-union., 1891-09-15

The Capay Valley Land Company is offering the
most 1ertle lands in this beautiful valley upon terms which
enable the purchaser pay for the land out of its own
product VIZ: Interest only for FIVE years at per cent
Inc only condition imposed is that reasonable pro-
portion OF the land purchased shall be planted to fruit
ueeS or vines Land may be bought without this
Coloitlon on payment OF 20 per cent. cash and re-
naming 80 per cent. at the end of five years with in
terest annually IN advance at per cent The various
tracts owned by the Capay Valley Land Company have
been subdvlded into and 2oace lots which are for
sale at prices varying from $50 to $50 per acre SINH
lar unmproyed land in Vaca Valley has recently been
sold at $500 and $500 per acre.
These Capay Valley lands are under the most favor
able climatic conditions for the prosecution of profitable
fruit growing, and the locality has proved itself to be
one OF the earliest in the State The grape crop 1900
from the companys vineyard at Cashmere was picked
dried and shipped to Chicago and Philadelphia before
the Fresno County grapes were ripe.
ne railroad passes through all of the tracts owned by
the CaPay Valley Land Company thus insuring excel
lent shipping facilities and land may now be purchased
IN the immediate proximity OF either of the following
stations Capay, Cadenasso, Surrey, Gunda Sauterne
Cashmere or Runlsey
At many of these places fine orchards of the choicest
and earliest varieties of peaches and aprcos may already
be seen and during the coming season considerable ad
dt1onal acreage will be planted One of the recent
sales made by the company that Of the Tancred
tract, containing 600 acres, to colony association
This tract has been subdvided into forty holdings all of
which will be planted to fruit trees this season.
The fine orchards on the Guinda Tract where 400
acres have been Sold especially worthy of mention
and it significant fact that several of the blocks are
owned by successful Vaca Valley futgrowers who ex
pect to make their earliest shipments from here.
The record-union., 1891-09-15
COMMERCIAL.
SACRAMENTO MARKET.


SACRAMENTO, September IA, 1891.
FRUIT-Lemons-Si $S@S so y box;
81 1902 + 100; Bananas, SO 5o@3 so p
bunch for Island; Cocoanuts. S7@S; California
oranges-Riverside S3@3 so. q box; Pine
40@60c y box: Strawberries, 81 4o@1 SO
q case; Nectarines, 75c@S1 RboX; Plums,
5oc@$1 25 q box; Bartlett Pears S1@1 rs
q box; Apples, 50c@$1 e box.
CANNED GOODS-Assorted Table, 81 CSC
rs; Apples, 81 so; Apricots 81 so; Black
berries, 81 1901 50; Cherries, 81 95@2 50;
Muscat Grapes, 81 4o1l so; Piums, 81 40;
BREADsTUjFiFs~Fiour, SIS IS . bbl oat-
sacks; Cornmeal, white, 50 SO y Io-fb sacks;
yellow, So So q 25-fb sacks; Cracked Wheat,
50 q 1o-tb sacks; So rs p 1oo-b sacks; HON.
my, S4 p 1o-lb sacks; $3 rs p 1oo-b sacks;
Graham, So rs q 1o-b sacks; 81 q 1Oo-b
sacks.
VEGETABLES Silverskins, 75@
81 sack; Cabbage, 65@9oc > 100
lbs; Carrots, 5o@6Oc 3 100 fbs; Turnips,
new, z5c Z, sack; bunch vegetables, .121zc y
Horse Radish, 10c p 10; Garlic, 5@6c; Arti-
chokes, 40@6oc y doz; Dried Peppers, 25@
soc; Green Peas, common, 2@3c; do, sweet,
3@4c; Potatoes, Early Rose, 4o@5Cc; Peer
less, 60@70c; Burbanks, 60@65c Centennial,
100000 z ctl; Celery, 75c p doz; String
Beans, 4@5c; Summer Squash, Sc; Cauli-
flower, 81 q doz; Green Peppers, 5@ec p ID;
Okra, 1870 sc; Red Cabbage, SC p 10.
DAIRY PRODUCTS-Butter, Valley, 20@
22c p H. Fancy Petaluma, 25@27c q II; East
ern Creamery, fancy, 21@22c; packed in
frkins, choice, 1S@25c; common, 129913c.
Cheese-California, 1115@12c; Young Amer
ica, 1870 Be; Eastern Cream 1901 &c: Linz
burger, 1S@20c; genuine Swiss, 32%@35c
American Swiss, 21c; Martins Cream, 17@
1Sc. Eggs 10000; Eastern, 22@24c.
POULHRY-Dealers' prices: Live Turkeys,
hens, 12@13c; gobblers, 11@12c; dressed,
14@16c; full grown Chickens, $4@4 so . doz;
young BOOSTERS, S4@5 q doz; broilers, $3@4;
tame Ducks S4@5; PelHin, S5@5 so; Geese,
$2@2 25 q lair.
HAY, GRAIN AND FEED-Oat Hay, S11
Ga p ton; Alfalfa, do, S10@12 = ton; Bran,
$50 q ton; Middlings, S22 p ton; Barley,
whole, paying 81 1901 20; rolled, 81 50;
Wheat Choice milling), paying 81 65 q cwt;
Rye, 81 20; Tame Oats, S2@2 10; Corn, pay
ing 81 So 4 cwt
&C; Veal, large, 51SSec; sTn' s@aii' 'eS7c; % hogS
4@41zc; dressed Pork, Sc; Hams-Eastern, II
@l5c; California. 111ac; Bacon-Light
Medium, 95zc; selected, iOc: extra light,
1219c; extra light, boneless, 131%(9141ac.
MISCELLANEOUS = Seeds-Alfalfa, new
crop 6@714c: Timothy, Eastern, 5@6c; Pop
Corn, ear, 214931zc; shelled, 41a@51ac; Red
Clover, 10@11c; Red Top, 6Gg7c q H. Nuts
Chile Walnuts, new, 11912c; California Wal
nuts, 11@l2c; Almonds, new, 14@16c; Pea
nuts, California, 6@7c; Eastern, 6@7c. Lard
California, cans, 5000; Eastern, S34@1Oc.
Hldes-Salt, light, DC; medium steers, &c;
heavy steers, SC; heavy cows, sc; dry, &c;
TallOW BIC