St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1891-07-05
specially by the Catholics of the coun-

especially by the Catholics of the coun-
try.
The title and Office of cardinal is of
ecclesiastical origin, and differs from
that of bishops and priests, which is or
divine institution.
About the year 240 A. d. Pope Fabian
divided the city of Rome into seven dis
tricts, and placed at the head of the adj
ministration of each district deacon,
whose duty it was to look after the poor
and sick and have care of the charit-
able institutions. These persons were
said to be incardinated to the district,
and hence were called cardinals. In the
ninth century some of the surrounding
cities of Rome had also a cardinal at
tached to them who was the bishop of
these cities. Pope Nicholas the Second
in 1859 decreed that the cardinals should
take an active part in the
Election of the Pope.
There are at present six suburban
cities about Rome with the title Of
cardinal annexed. The cardinal bishop
of Ostlum cOnSecrates the newly-elected
pope, and on that occasion wears the
pallium, which at other times is never
worn in Rome, except by the pope, since
the pallium is an insignia of authority
and jurisdiction. The number of cardi-
nails had not always been the
same. About the year 111S
the number was limited to So. In 1883,
it was decreed that the cardinals should
be chosen as far as possible from every
country, and that the number should
not exceed 25. In 1917, Leo X. created
81 cardinals at a single election, and
the number gradually increased until
Pope Sixtus, v, in 1856, made the
number 20 in imitation Of
the 20 elders whom Moses
had as counselors and helpers. The
college of cardinals form the senate OF
the pope. There are three orders of
cardinals. viz: Cardinal bishops, car
dinal priests and cardinal deacons. OF
the total number of 20, 6 are cardinal
bishops, so cardinal priests, and IA car
dinal deaconS. The cardinal bishops
have the suburban cities of Rome as
titles, the cardinal priests and deacons
receive their title from church in the
city of Rome itself. The appointment
of cardinals is reserved entirely to the
pope, and the mere publication of
Such Appointment
to the cODslstory is alone required.
When the pope has selected a person
his name is in time announced in con-
SISlOIN, anu Illlo 10 Sly leu plOtHOllOli VI
cardinals. The red calotte, skull cap.
is then dispatched to the new cardinal
by member of the pOpe's noble guard.
and if he be not resident of Rome,
an ablegate with a brief and credentials
is sent with the biretta, which is for
mally presented to the cardinal, gener-
ally in the cathedral church. Within
year he must proceed to Rome to receive
the other insignia. The closing and
opening of the month of new cardinals
is the first ceremony. The ring and
title are conferred together, after the
unsealing of the month. The cardinal,
kneeling before the pope, receives the
gold ring, set with sapphire, which the
pope places Cd his finger and commits
the titular church TO his care. The con-
signing of the pontifical hat is the last
of the ceremonies. Innocent W., at the
council of Lyons in 1915, bestowed the
red hat upon cardinals as token that
they should be ever ready to shed their
blood for the defense OF the liberties OF
the church and of Christian nations.
In placing the hat upon the head
of the new cardinal, the sovereign pom
tiff addresses him in these words: ITO
the praise of God Almighty, and for the
ornament of the holy apostolic see, re-
ceive this red hat, special insignia of
the cardinalate: by it is expressed that
thou Shouldst show myself intrepid
unto death. and even unto the shed
ding of blood, for the exaltation OF
The Holy Faith,
for the peace and tranquility of Chris
tian nations. for the increase and the
prosperity of the Holy Roman Church"
This hat is of red cloth, lined with red
I'll IL eli
crown and taSselS of red silk in five
rows. 1t is merely one of the insignia
and is not worn. Each cardinal priest
is assigned to a church in Rome. Car
dinals are sometimes said to be created
in pittO, and the meaning of this is that
the pope merely announces that
he has chosen one or more
for the dignity of cardinal with
out mentioning the name, which
is to be announced in some succeeding
consistory. This method is considered
extraordinary and is not resorted to I'M
less there be very special reasons.
Originally the dignity of the cardinal
ate was not considered above the episco-
pacy. but gradually it has become the
most lofty dignity in the church next to
that of the papacy. The reason of this
is that the duty OF
EIecting the Pope
now devolves exclusively on the car
dinalS, and, moreover, to them is en-
trusted all the important matters in the
government of the church. The cOnn-
ell of Trent decreed that the cardinals
should be selected form all nations of
the Christian world.
Beside the Office of electing the pope
and of assisting the pope IN the govern
ment of the church, the cardinals are
assigned other special duties relative to
their titular church. The six suburban
cardinals are actually the bishops
of their respective sees, but cardinal
priests and deaconS may be bishops of
other sees far removed from Rome, and
hence from the church whence they de-
rive their title. They may even not be
bishops at all, but simply priests or
deacons. These latter have a certain
authority in their titular church,
and they are required to eXer-
else certain vigilance in
the administration of its affairs.
as to the residence of cardinals, the six
suburban cardinals are bound to reside
at Rome, unless they are assigned to
some other diocese. But all cardinals
who are bishops of other sees are
obliged to reside in their own diocese
the same as any bishop, and they must
perform all the duties of a bishop.
NJ. J. d.
No Kind of Fellow.