davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
FENCE CITING.
statement From u. n. Ot~ro, ReGaTd
ing the Bernsiiiie Case.

Hon. NJ. =, Oteru called at The CirI.
zES Office, this morning. and gives the
following statement in regard to the re.
cent fence eating at B~rnshllo. This
spring. Eusebio Montoya sold TO Mr.
Otero u small p.ece of ground between
the town aud the r,vcr lie had occu
pied the land Since 1871. and had vine,
yard and fruit trees on the ground. Mr.,
Otsro bought the ground with tho con.
dtion that Montoya should fence the
same, Otsro furnishing the material.
About month after the fence was built.
Montoya was notified to vacate the land
by committee appointed 10y some Of 'h~
claimants OF the BernahllO commons.
Montoya refused 10 vacate. and last Sue.
day u meeting was held, led by Pedro
perea aud Polunio Gutlerres, and il wac
resolved that the fence should be torn
| down, and about - or ~ men went ~
| the place and destroyed the fence. Mr..
Otsro exhibited q letter, in which one OF
the leaders ~ the meeting, u the name
VI 'IIlbtODhl stetso w y W
Mr.. Otero, whose name he does not care
to publish, that they were going TO get
the most irresponsible people in Bsrna.
lilo Ia d.stroy the fence, for the purpose
OF annoying aud making NJ. =. Otero
spend all the money they could. Pedro
Perea goes, 81 the letter stato~, to con.
suit with Tom Cstron, st Santa Fs, aud
Jus,o Armiio takes the original docu-
ment under which they claim the land ~
commons to Il. s Rodey. This letter ives
written on the 9th of July.
Nothing further has been done, no MIR
Otero states, but he has removed his fam.
ily To this city, and will never again re-
side IA Bernalillo, where such illegal and
hlgh handed acts are encouraged by lead.
ing citizens.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

vostmcn,s The western railways will
have n large traffic IN the movement Of
grain crope, and this will enable them to
make n favorable showing in their fall
reports oi cnrnlEgs. There are several
railway projec,e in the west which ought
To bc carried out notably tho one Tor
extension OF the Denver 4 Rio 0rande
from EspAnola New Mexico to II Paso.
Texas AMI the one 10 connect Trinidad,
in this state with III psso. Both Of
these proposed roads are greatly needed,
and they should lev bull, ~ soon As the
requisite capital cap be secured. -- Denver
Republican
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
Grant County Exhibit.

Mr., Carr has resigned his position IA
manager of the Grant county mineral
exhibit, aud Judge G., Bennett has been
appointed 10y the county commissioners
IN his place. Tn. judge has taken bold
Of the work ~ earnest, and is doing all
ia his power 10 make our exhibit good
one. lie should receive the hearty sup.
port of our mining men. He has opened
AZ office IN Morrll! Hall, where he can be
found daily from 9a. III. Ia ! y. M, and
whcr, exhibits will be carefully packed,
Labelled and stored previous 10 shipment
10 the fair, E.ery camp in the county
should be represented. Intending ex.
hibltor should get 10 their exhibits Ia
the judges office nj the earliest date pus.
siblc, az the time II short and II will aid
hun IN making an exhibit worthy OF
Grant county Il tins ls done. Exhibits
sh uld ba raf.inlly labeled with tho
name ~ the mine, the dIatrict and the
owner, and lie accompanied 4 possible by
assay returns showing the value OF the
ore NutTe ~ u'TlFrh' INV sPOSi"cpe
will bs returned 10 the owners, From
the moment oitheir arrival At the judges
Office there will bo no further expense or
trouble To tho exhibitor, The ores ard
rocks will be forwarded to albuquerque
and returned to Silver City without cost
10 tho exhibitor They will be arranged
30 M no, only to make a grand display
Tor Grant county, but u separate display
for each district, and 10 give due promi'
nenoe 90 each mine exhibiting from each
district. Grant county 10 the greatest
mining region 10 the southwest, and her
miuers should make point OF seeing
that she made tho greatest exhibit, Sill
yer CITY sentinel.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

just before the Union Pacific train
loft Catskill yesterday afternoon the
body Of II man named Long, resident
OF ,ha, village, was brought 10, He had
been killed by bear and his body wss
horribly mutilated.
Long 10 u tsamster and had Oeen em'
plo, oil by a party oi Ration gentlemen to
take them 10 the head u Costilla. Sew
eral days ago he left the cA.Ap, and with
q shotgun started out in search OF small
game The theory is that he attempted
10 Kill the bear, bu, only succeeded in
wounding the animal, and in the sncoun-
tor that followed lost his life. lie was
missed by tia members Of his party aud
a day's search was necessary TO lind the
body. Trinidad Advertiser.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
TmE UNiXERslrY.

The building for the territorial univer
Sty which, by the way, is one o! the
finest and mos, slightly buildings in the
southwest t will be hr,shed, ready for
occupancy by the frat OF October, AMI
the members OF the board Of reesnts are
discussing n proposition TO organize the
normal department at once.
The new school machinery which We
are now pG,ting into operation in New
Mexico, makes q great demand for teach
ers IN all parts ot the territory, and Il
will he much better for the efficiency Of
the schools, and for the general cause OF
education, 10 have this demand met, IN
far as possible, with teachers trained at
home by young people who have lived
in New Mexico. and who arc familiar, Ia
some extent at least, with the language
and customs OF the territory and for
that reason il is advisable that the nor.
NAL department should go to work just
as soon as possible. Whether the uni.
versi,v proper will be able 10 open this
fall or not, tho proposition To start the
normal department, 10 one that should
bc accepted and carried out.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
PROss HRaA

A late census bulletin reveals the fact,
that New Mexico had greater per cent
~ increase in her schonl enrolment dur
ing the decade ending last year, than any
other political dlvision ~ the country.
We have turned over new leaf la for
mer times the only thing tina, any Que
could hnd to distinguish thus territory
in the educational returns - ~" census
WAS the fact that We had greater per
cen, u illitcracy than any other section
Of the country. hut the present census
giving us first place for increase oi Gu
rolIment, puts uS a, the other cod Of ,h'
procession, and reveals . Fact which doe'
not cause US To blush when It ~ men
tioned
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
GEN. nAarLsTr.s opsSioN.

While TmE CITIZEN does not pretend
10 be lawyer, II canuo. shake on the
conviction that Solicitor General Bart
let made what in the forcible vsrnacu.
lar Of the day would he called a had
break" when in attempting TO explain
the new school law he put the funds de-
rived from liquor licenses into the gener.
a fund OF the county and not into the
funds oi the respective districts in which
The licenses referred TO are collects d
thus confoundine the temporary" with
The permanent" or general school fund.
The paragraph which he quotes from
The laws Of last winter does not sustain
ME position at all. lie bases his opinion
upon ths drst section ot Chapter II,
which says:
That tho school fund derived from
,he general levy oi three mills on the
uo'lar OF taxable property, shall DO paid
u''ecll! by the several collectors 10 the
ueasurers Of their respective counties
'" The credit Of tho county school funds
aud shall be spportionsd an now provid
vi oy Law, together with all the county
school fund, by the county supsrintsn
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
so nans.Ansa q d.

The new constitution Of Kentucky, up
ON which the people will vote in August,
has the following provision concerning
Official excursionists by land or by
water:
No railroad, steamboat, or other com.
mon carrier, under heavy penalty TO he
fixed by tho general assembly, shall give
q free pass or passes, or shall, at reduced
rates not common to the public, sell
tickets for transportation 10 any state,
district. city, town or county officer, mem.
Der Of the general assembly, or Judge;
and any state, district, town or county
officer, or member Of the general Assem-
bly,, or judge, who shall accept or use u
free pass or passes, or shall receive OF
use tickets or transportation at reduced
rates not common to the public, shall
forfeit b,s office. II shall be the duty Of
the general assembly TO enact laws TO en-
force tie provisions of this section.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
JtDGE BERRS
The Ola Pioneer Crosses the Range
to AnOthrr Country.

Judge W, J, Berry few years ago .
InStlcc OF the peace IN this city, died at
Tucson u ie" days agu. The Judge was
u loneer ~ Arizona, and had a wide
circle ~ friends
While Justlc" ~ the peace IN this city,
Berry spent hls leisure hours at f. W.
Spcncer's drug store, and one day Mr..
Spencer told HIM he would shuttle of
some day aud NO record would bc had OF
hls lie aud services. lie sat down and
wrote the following, and sealed il up,
and requested that II should not be
opened until after hia death:
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
MuRANIpN


AlnrQUIEVvE, y. ~, July l3, &c
knuNing the uncertainty oi lie,
make the following memoranda ~ that
some surviving friend may notify my
Kindred ot my demisc.
was born at Harmony Hill, Chester
county, Pa. October 10, 1917 have a
brother, named Thomas W. berry. whose
postoilicc address IN Antelope, Waeco
county, Oregon, and another brother
hamed Joseph +, Berry, whose postoilice
address IL Lcwisville, Polk county, Ore.
gon, and a daughter named Fannie 4.
Berry, whose postot'ce address ia Oak
land, Cal. have first COUSIN, named
Joseph Jeanes, whose postuilice address
ia No. lul3 Arch street, Philadelphia.
| was rnised 10 the sublime degree OF
n Master Mason, in Marion lodge No. q.
A. r. h A. NJ, at Marion, Linn county,
Iowa, III the year 1876
| lave lived ever since childhood in
full faith IN God and immortality, and
shalt die in hope % bleased lmmor.
tality. WN. j. BERRY.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

IN- Ni,,, Wlll nu doubt make good
rhuNiug ht the Territorial far The
h,r and rltrrpris,ug uou ~ the place
So" the benefits that accrue To- bong rep
rrs"utcd at such au exhibition MIR
Hall addressed th" rummlssjuucrs u
that county ani urged u county EXHIBIT,
which MI probably hc made THIS cN
h'bi,,uH cau lee mnd" u cqun benefit Ia
ever! county Il ptrpetl! managed and
the resources shown tu.N,ettura
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
CoapItaE for Life.

Editor Citizen.
/, seems that the letters Of the Three
Traiumen" has borne some fruit, for
Yesterday one oi the two slipped h's
neck into the matrimonial halter, aud 10
periec,ly convinced now that marriage 10
not n failure ut least not yet.
The other two congratulate you'
George and feel certain that their
chances are yet good, All they lack ~
the young ladies', and they will OF course
b. found when your happiness Ia MOTTO
sd.
By the actions OF one OF them ~e are
led 10 belleye that soon his rate ~,u
oysrtaks him in the shape of 10 pounds
OF Albuquerque swe"tneaA' aud when "
does that pnan will have to be ralSsd-
that one escaped r. f. L.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

Tur prorl"u' the United States, lrrc.
-rrr,iyr - party, viii receive with plras
urr the ast turarr" from liar llathur that
Secretary lilmu" IL gaining steadily IN
health, and that reports 10 the contrary
are hhs, lrss inhticatuns, sct on ioot for
SENSATIONAL purposes
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
tAIsriC AND CUTTING.
Comns missioner Ribcra Replies 20 Anna.
do a de unrn

Wv Wv
Hon. J. Il. R,bcrn, commissioner from
the First district - this county. IN in
the city, and furnishes TuE tIrIyrS
with the fulloNlug statement aud reply
10 Amhdn &. de liacn, who furr lshed
the morning paper With statement oi
bis rrnsuus Tor Withdrawing from Mir
lhhcrn's bond as county comm ssloncr;
Editor titii"n,
Ily running over the columns ~ the
DAILY Democrat, iini that the tongue
~ II certain man 10y the name of Amado
G.. de- lIpca has iinaily turned loose on
one oi the members ~ the county CON.
missoucrs and that ~ myself
The fact tnat Hon NJ, = O,cro saw
| tit To- Withdraw his uamc from my bond
7 II nuthng ont ~ IL" way fur It IN every
mans privilege u do ~ whenever hs
! plras"s aud Just because gtacIously
/ condescend-d IL have Mr. 4. &, de liaca \
/ name ~ second oaud good fnr n0thlng)
bordrmau, h" now srugs I" the same
/ tune aud wlthdraws his.
/ Dh, Heavens blush When say that
| gtac,ously condrscendrl to allow HIM
TO sign his nam" tu my bond. mean
what ! say, for everybody who knows
the gentleman Cand he ought ~ bs pref
Is we'll known around this neighbur.
hood is we'll aware ~ the fact that this
worthy could not get ten cents worth oi
mea, on credit from any butcher shop
IN town. lie ia known but L. bo shan
ned he IA known out 10 he oathcd
and no decent man IN town, unless he
wants to disgrace himself, Will dcIgn to
walk alongsldc oi hun.
On entering upon IN" duties four ~
icc through pity on Mr. Baca, ] was "a.
strumcntal in having him appointed IN
terpreter Tor the board ~ county com
mlssiuGcrs Rt very moderate salary
and nov here il what a man gets for he
friendlag a fraud and all round dead
beat.
AZ far ~ the thtcats made by Mr.
Baca az "sendng the gentleman from
Wallace 10 the territorial penitcntiary,
allow me 10 state, Mr. lIaca, that II evei
those gates iiy open they will more read
ily fly open 10 receive the man around
whose neck the hausman's Doose circle,
uncomiortably close Tor u oowRrdly mur
der.
: Enough SAID. and let those who know
yon nnd know me, form their iudgmen
, and decide which ~ the two IL the Oes
candidate Tor the territorial penltentiary
Keep your eye on him
, j r. RIBERA.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
- - -
sCIsOOi. " STTERs

&, e. Ev.rhart. Esq, chief ess s,ant
10 Territorial Superintendent Chavez
was IN the clty On business yesterday
and reports t.. school situation through
out the territory us very encouraging
Local school officers are everywhere TAX.
ing hold ~ the matter in earnest, and
though good many u them have dltli
Guilty in understanding tho machlner!
Of the new law, and make u good deal ~
work for the superintendrnt's Office IN
the way ot letters ~ explanation, they
all show commendable determination
to learn their duty and do II, Judging
from the activity which now prevails in
such matters all over the territory, II ls
saie 10 conclude that good public schools
will be opened this iall IN every county
~ New Mexico-no in the towns alone,
but in the country districts also. The
educational outlook Is highly encourGg'
mo
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

Tho Yuma Indians have quaint no
tion, says the Yuma sentinel II 's that
mesquite beans regulate the weather
They say that ,hs weather must remain
very cool until the mesquite flowers, and
from that time until tho time of ripen
ing arrives the temperature will be high
rhey insist that the cool spell enjoy 81
during May was due TO the fact the mss
quite beans were no, ready to open, bu.
from now on expect tropical weather
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

As unipttunat" condition ut affairs
exists at Bctn,liiu, and u bitter tu"d be-
tSc"n families L. craving up The re-
suIt VIII be- injurious To AL concerned,
anA t.mlnrnlr rnuns,ls ehnuIl rteNnll.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18
srEs,IAL EnITlON.

The publishers who received the con
tract Tor Publishing the text books To be
used in the schools Of New Mexico, are
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

IIu morning paper IL uut "tutiug
tar" when u comrs lucnl lt"ms OoIIl!
from tuls paper without credit
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

1t D. hut yust'r' I, County tImmrs.
-fNr"t Iip''a Co stat" thUt ~ the short
tuu" l." hus huIi ~" office he has prov.
ru hlm-".t rlliucnt i r'mretrnt, and
hn- iru'ird CLOSELY after the l,.s, inter
este - thr county, Mr. Hal, the rum
uusslvr.f 'rum tlOs drrDf,rt speaks h gh
~ ui Mr. l. bern ard says d" lap attend
eel u,l meetings AMI hHr acted huuesti,
aud huuutah.l un all occasions lie has
also proven q good friend ~ tie clty 81
AhuIurfqu", fH,ufug all legitimate I'M.
ptoNrmrut- hour'ic,Hi tu tie town. The
luHurulu"s eaiusj Sir. lIb-rn apIoar Ia
have ~ foundation ~ 'drt, hrluud the
pcrs uuI rnm.'N - u 'cN individuals aud
th" drmurfattr drurc 10 create dlsco-d
IA ,h" republican part! IN this county.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

now preparing a special edition - thr,t
gcrgtaph, containing more frll and nc.
curhte Information N regard tu tins ter
rt"'y than l-tu u" obtained from the
regular edition THIS work will lc used
u all the territorial -rhuuls. and will
give the rh.llrcu = New McNIco good
uppurturty 1, learn something uhout
their own 'cciiuu ~ the country. Hnt
tno w. - the sp"rial edition NIll not be-
rouiine / a. the tctrtoty. II vii be
placed un .rIr nl over the country.
Albuquerque weekly citizen. (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1891-19??, 1891-07-18

Tut CIIIIgS always has commended
every New M"Xlc" publ" enterprise,
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15
SEALED PROPOSALS.

Sealed proposals are invited by the
Board of County Commissioners. of
;Elko county, Nevada, for the building
of IAN iron bridge across the Humboldt
river, below EikG, on the road to
Bullion and South Fork, in accord
ance with the specifications as fol-
tows,,to wit: ....... ..... ...
Said bridge to be iron truss 100
feet long in the clear, l3 feet in width
and capable Of sustaining a weight of
81 tons load; outside Of planking, the
floor joisIs of bridge, to be four inches
thick by twelve in width placed
every twenty-four inches apart.
Floor OF bridge to be of good four
inch plank and we'll spiked. -"
One abutment of said bridge to be
built of good. hard stone, land in lime
mortar and cement, and faced with
cement. Abutment to be 8 feet wide
on bottom. 4 feet wide on top, 6 feet
in height above the surface, % feet
in length and to be built upon solid
foundation. Said abutment to be
built where the present wooden piers
now stand supporting the old bridge.
Said bridge to be complete in every
particular including ratings and the
whole to be done in good and work
man like manner as per the above
specifications, and to be accepted i'm
mediately upon its completion by the
Board Of Commissioners or some per-
son appointed by them for that pur-
pose. Said work to be paid for when
/ completed and accepted. Party to
whom contract is. let or awarded will
be req Tired to file With the Board of
Commissioners good and sufficient
|! bond with two suretes for amount
named in contract price, for it's iaith-
full completion. Said work to be
completed by January l, 1892.
Said proposals to be filed with the
Clerk of said Board on or before 10 A.
M, October 5, 1891, at which time they
will be opened and considered by the
Board. All proposals shall be en-.
dorsed proposals to build Elko
Bridge" i,
The Board reserves the right to re-
ject any and all bids.
| # L. o. HENDERSON,
l... Clerk.
Elko, Nevada, Sept. 10, 1891. I'd
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15
NOSE AND EAR PIERCING.

Odd Ornaments wIrn by tho Sav,Re
81 90 81 Races. -
The ornaments put through the walls
of the nose wary greatly. There may
be but onenperforation in each wall or
there may be several. In New Zeal
and flowers, in New Guinea q boar's
tuslz, in the Solomon islands a crabs
claw, in New Britain thorns, set up
right, are the objects thus worn. These
are all original and primitive; after the
natives come in contact with whites,
, these give place to metal buttons and
rings, In the Sturgis, collection is
rather pretty nose-ornament from
New Guinea! Itiis V-shaped, and the
arms lit 10y stud-shanks, one into each
wall of the nose. =.
Nose ornaments were known to the
4Jewess of the exile II Hzekiei, xvi, 12:
'And l will put a jewel on thy nose;"
and Isaiah ill.,, 81: The rings and nose
Jewels" The cheeks are pierced by
some Eskimos, who wear little round
stud buttons in the holes. Ears are
pierced the world over. A few cases
must suffice. Schwainfurth says that
Babucl<er women pierce the rim of the
ears repeatedly aud wear therein bits of
straw IN inch in length, having twenty
such, perhaps, in each year. This re-
peated piercing of the ear is common
among barbarous people, and we have
seen woman of the Sac and Fox In
dians who wore seven brass rings in
one ear Ears may be slit and
stretched instead of pierced. They
then hang in long loops. Catlin gives
II picture of an Indian whose beauty
had been increased in this way. The
Anchoritc islander Sits his ears while
the Ethan often has them slit and
stretched to such m extent that the
two fists might be placed in the open
ings. Slit ears may be Of practical
use. The Kafir carries his snuff-boS
in his ear-hol,, anil Captain Cook Zig
ures Mangaia islander who carried a
large knife in his right ear.-Prof.
Frederick Starr, in Popular Science
Monthly.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15
10 the Public.

The DAILY INDgrEND ENT will b
furnished to subscribers by mail, post
age paid, for SO year in advabce, or
$40 at tho end Of the year; and to
town subscribers by carrier at 25 cents
a week, or $40 for year if paid in ad
vance. The subscription price OF the
WEEKLY INDEPENDENT is 81 a year If
paid in advance, or IS il paid at the
end of the year. LIZ you want the
worth of your money in local and
general neWs, subseribe for the INDIE
PENDENT. 2 ~ F
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15
V. q. bartlett r,
I. OSTREICHER.
ida. InlY Dh. 1901.

M. Reinhart has
lust received his
Fall and Winter
samples for custom
made clothing. II
you want ........ your
clothes made to Or
der, give him a call
and see as fine a
line Of samples as
has ever been ex-
hibited in Elko.
You can get a suit
of clothes made to
order from SCI 90
up. Fit Guaran
>teed. '- rl.. ru.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15
4s1ERHu1NslINNreza1Rn1EEn

An lrishman fell into the river. AS
no came up for the last time he saw
brother Irishman on the roof of the
wharf boat. With great effort he
managed to hello for Pat to drop him
line. "Phwat's the use?" cried Pat.
"Ihar's no postoilice whore ,ez are
goingW
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15

What do yos suppose, IS
the Emutter ,oiM this yeomom?
She looks pretty mad, doesn't
she? Guess she just used THAT
broom ON her Husband. See
her shaking her fist! But LORI
a. mercy, SHE aim't half as
mad as the aooman aoho sent
Off for her g6ocls, or bought.
Mem's some other 2'lstce before
seeing oars. Why should
SHE Ie? She meOer list such
6argaiss!
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15

CINCINNATI has a restaurant man
named &C. Supper" His window sign
is the pressing invitations: "Comc to
Supper"
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-09-15

WEEKLY INDEPENDENT and Weekly
Examiner only s5 per yeer with a
chance for one OF those magnificent
prizes, Send in your subscriptions.