Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-04-09
Florence in 1871. It contains the following
Interesting paragraph

Article q. II by any fatality which cannot he
expected, and which may God avert, the two
contracting parties should be engaged in war
with each other, they have agreed and do
agree. now for then, that there shall be allowed
tho term OF SIX months 10 The merchants on the
coast md in the ports OF each other, and the
term Of one year to those who dwell in the In
t'rlur, TO arrange their business and runsport
thnlr effects wherever they please, with the
safe conduct necessary to protect them and
iheir property until they arrive at the ports
designated for iheir embarkatIon. And all
women and children, scholars OF every faculty,
cultiyaturs of the earth, nrtisan4, mechanics,
manufacturers, and 1shprlnen, unarInod and
inhGblting tho unfortifed towns, villages, OF
places ana, ~ general, all others whose occu-
prtons are for the common subsiatence and
benefit OF manh d, shall he allowed TO con-
tinue their reSpe tive employments and shall
not bo moested in their persons, nor shall
their houses or goods bo burnt or otherwise
destroyed, nor their fields wasted by the armed
force of tho belligerent In whose power by the
events of war, they may happen 10 fall: but, il
u be necessary that anything shoul be taken
from them for the use Of such beligerent. the
same shall be paid for at n reasonable price.
And 1t ta declared that neither the pretence
tlat war a. solves treaties, nor any other what
ever, shall be considered as annulling or sl1s-
pending this article; Jilt, on the contrary, that
the stafe of wdr is precisely that for which il Is
provided, and during which its provisions are
70 be Sacredly observed as the most acknowl-
edgad oblig tli0ns in the law OF nations.
The existence of this article was not
generally known by the diplomats and
Others to whom ii was shown last night
Even such an experienced treaty maker as
William III. Trescott said that he could not
understand how it came to be inserted and
Representative McCreary, who has made a
study OF all the treaties negotiated by this
government, said that it was the most re-
markable clause that had ever come within
his experience.
~ do not like to say that il is mere bun
combe," he added, "and yet it certainly
would not stand a moment in case of war,
notwithstanding all its solemn and sacred
protestations.'
In diplomatic circles the article excited
the liyeliest interest. 1t was universally
agreed that it was not, for practical pur
poses, worth the paper on which it was
written. There is nothing in international
law to warrant it, and no government
could be expected to observe it after war
had been declared. 1t is one of those SEN
timental things that are occasionally in
corporated into diplomatic documents, and
which are known to be of no value even
by the contracting parties.
The congress of Paris, in 1856 afforded
an instance of this i'll the agreement signed
by all of the European and many Of the
American nations, to the effect that
prlYateering in war should be abandoned
and that privatcers should be treated as
prlvates. The United States refused to be-
come q party to this agreement on the
ground that 1t did not propose to abandon
privateering, and would not commit itself
TO policy it did not favor. There were
no conscientious scruples on the part of
the European powers, however, and the
agreement was solemnly made. To-day,
Italy, one Of the parties to the agreement,
has large fleet constructed especially for
privateering purposes.
VOLUNTEERS FOR THE WAR.
morning the news of Baron Faya's recall
appeared in the Aile,icdn. In the after
noon meeting OF the Frank Cheatham
Bivollac Confederate Veterans was called
and the following letter was addressed to
the Secretary of War:
NASHVILLE, TENN, April /, 189i.-Hon j. r.
proctr, Sscr,targ u Rer, Washtngton.--D
SIR; In case Of any serious complications with
Italy, Frank Cheatham BivOuac Confederate
SOldlels OF Tennessee Division, $50 strong,
hereby tender its services to the United States.
by rler of the Biyluac J. W. alCiiuRRAY,
fresident JOHN 7. HICMAN. Secretary.
The letter was written on a Bivouac
letter head.
II was sealed with the Bivouac seal and
done up in blue ribbon.
WASHINGTON, April 2.-The spirit of war
has invaded the far West, and the first
offer Of volunteers for service in case Of
trouble with Italy came to hand at the
war department to-day in the shape of the
following telegram received by Acting
Secretary Grant:
BOULDER, MONr., April 2.-TO the Secretary of
War; We hereby tender you 500 mountaineers
nom Jefferson county, state Of Montana, In
case oil war with the Italian government.
JAMES II. SWEET.
PARIS, April 3.--The French papers dis
cuSs the Fava affair for the most part in a
temperate tone, with the exception of the
Temps, which refers TO Americas speedy
action IN sending iron-clads to Tangie to
support her demands in the case of the
maltreatment of American citizens. The
Temps thinks it is strange contradiction
for America to eclineresponsibility when
foreigners are involved and asks why
should the Federal government sign inter-
national treaties ii when pressed closely
they disappear like a phantomgn
The Libcue thinks that the Washington
government cannot for the sake of few
dollars allow its respects for in
ternational law to be impugned.
The PaYs dwells upon the disturbance of
trade that would follow
rupture between Italy and America.
The ROy1li@ Gazette De hrance taunts
Italy upon her own glaring violations of
law from the invasion of the
pontiiicial states to the massacre in
Ethiopia. II says; TT is curious to see
states which recognize no public law when |
their own ambitions or interests are in
volved hypocritically invoke the law as
soon as they themselves are attacked"
The journal deS Dcbdts to-day says that /
Italy has AN undoubted right to demand |
from the United states that an effort be
made to punish the men who lynched the
Italians at New Orleans. tlt is natural T
hat Italy finds difficulty in admitting the
distinction which Mr.. Blaine draws be-
ween central and local powers because
ihe has Gugnizance of the Federal power
llone. Therefore she can only apply to
he Federal power for redress. Italy has
lot acted hastily. She would have gained
Nothing by waiting longer, especially i'll
iiew OF the customary procedure Of Wash
ngton diplomacy and in view of the
present constitutional non possumlIs with
which the Italian demands have been met,
SECRETARY PRocroR's OPINION.
Los ANGELES, GAIL, April 3-Secretary
'roetor was interviewed here yesterday OH
his departure for San Diego. The secre-
airy said that he did not think the present
var furry would result in anything seri-
,us with Italy. He did think, though,
hat the effect Of it would be to wake IN
congress as to the necessity of better coast
Licences and a larger navy. Guns of not
ess than S-inch calibre are required and
rom that up to II. In speaking of arma-
tent Secretary Proctor said:
81 consider the 17-inch guns carried by
he large Italian war ships ;ls somewhat of
n experiment They necessarily rack the
hip, but without reference to their use on
oard ship, they are short lived. After
he guns reach certain size the increase
+ internal surface is very great, and the
immense explosive power is more likely to
ljure or break them. | think the most
erviceable Of the large guns are the
III and 12-inch In addition to the new
I'm factory, the last Congress made an ap-
ropriation of S4,O00000 for the purchase
f large guns manufactured by private
oncerns. That will furnish us with 100
lrge pieces. New York is not without a
ave quite an efficient tornedo serrice.