davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1891-08-30
At a Meeting of the Board of New
City Hall commissioners

HELD FRIDAY, AUGUST 2S 1891. THE FOL-
II lowing resolutions were passed to print;
Resolved, That progress estimate OF $l006 25
on Contract No. lS, in favor of Calvin Nutting &
Son, pass to print.
Resolved, That progress estimate OF $1,000 on
Contract \ o. 81 in favor of Ii. L. Day pass print
Resolved, That a progress estimate OF 1850 on
Contract No. 22, in favor OF F. W. Kreling & Sons,
pass to print.
Resolved, That a progress estimate of s2625 %
Contract No. 20. in favor Of Bateman Bros, pass
prints
Resolved, That a progress estimate of $500
Contract No. 20, in favor OF VIM. 5. Shook & Son,
pass to print.
Ayes-C Commissioners sauderson, Smiley and
burst.
EDWARD I. WOLFE, Secretary.
au29 st BY CHAS. z. SoULE. Temp Secretary.
The morning call., 1891-08-30
At Cincinnati.

Clarkson and Camel. Second game, Cleve-
lands 3, Bostons IL Batteries -Shearon.
Doyle and Staley, CAMEL and Kelly.
The morning call., 1891-08-30

CINCINNATI, Aug. 29.-B;ooklyn was an
easy winner to-day. Cincinnais 1, Brook
lyns Z. Batteries = Crane and keenan,,
Caruthers and Daily.
The morning call., 1891-08-30
At Chicago,

CHICAGO, Aug. 29.-Both pitchers did
well. but stupid support defeated Chicago.
Chcagos 2. Phladelphias 6. Batteries
Gumbert and Merritt; Gleason and Glenn
entS.
The morning call., 1891-08-30
BALL AND BAT.

Results Of Yesterdays Contests Between
Eastern Clubs.
CLEVELAND, Aug. 29.-Cleveland won
the first game to-day by better all-around
playing, Boston won the second game easily
by good hitting. First game. Clevelands 6,
Bostops 8. Batteries-Viau and Doyle,
The morning call., 1891-08-30
Arrested for Assault.

Thomas Manning. a plumber living at 262
First street, was arrested yesterday for as
saulting members of his family.
The morning call., 1891-08-30

Camel-raising is said to afford the King oi
Italy much pleasure and profit.
The morning call., 1891-08-30
Association Games

WASHINGTON. Aug 29.-The game with
the Milwaukee club was postponed on ac-
count of rain.
BALTIMORE, Aug. 2o.-Baltimores G, ST
Louis g. Called at end of sixth inning
owing TO darkness.
LOUISVILLE. Aug. 90. - LouisyIlles Q.
Bostons 2. Called at end of ninth inning
owing to darkness.
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 29.-Athletics s.
columbus 3. Thirteen innings. Second
game, Athletics s, Columbus 3. Called at
the end of sixth inning owing to darkness,
Pacific Northwest League.
PORTLAND, Aug. 29.-Portlands 6. Spo-
kanes IL.
SEATTLE, Aug. 29-Seattles 6, Tacomas 7.
Eastern Parcentaras
The morning call., 1891-08-30
OUR PRICES ARE ALWAYS THE LOWEST!

p
ttentio
and Berk
The morning call., 1891-08-30
Pacific Northwest League.
Eastern Percentages

CHICAGO, Aug. 29.-The percentages Of
East tern clubs to date are as fnllnus.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05

aud had determined TO lssye the couotry
with him. Concluding hat she could not
be dissuadsd from her purpose, Hull lett
the hotel
This did not settle the affairs however.
When Hebsrmsn bought two tickets 70
Sacramento Sunday evening" Hill bought
one TO the same pisca, wherein he had the
better OF julius somewhat And when
the couple entered a seas IN a coach he
dropped into the one behind than.
Everything transpired quietly, and when
the train pulled out the trio we're sitting
sereuely in their places. What the out
come wac is unknown, but il the rom snce
Of running of with another mans wife is
not spoiled for the gay Julius we are 10
prophet.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05
MONDAY OCTOBER 5, 1891.
VOLUME XIIIH.

With thisissus the "SILvER STATE" en-.
tsrsupon volume XXXIX or the twentieth
year of its issue as daily. We believe
; that this State and particularly Hum
boldt county, has future, and our eff
: forts will always be directed toward its
development.
Though young in the journalistic field
we are not too old and are willing to
learn, and will do the best we can.
Our new Campbell. cylinder press has
arrived and been placed in position, and
the paper will appear in an entire new
dress in few days.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05
a rERr man H0Rsg.

Valley City. n d., has. it is said one
OF the most exsrautdinar, specimens Of
hofssi issh 10 existence. H is sorrei,
stands fully nineteen hand, or SIX feet
four inches from fl ,or to withers. His
touching the body and small bronco can
easily walk under him. man ak feet
10 h-ighs can't see over his back. ev.n
when standing on tiptoe. 10 length he
is fully thirteen feet, or seventeen Zee.
from tip OF nose to tip OF tail. When
standing with his head ss ordinarily
checked ups six foot man. by standing
on tiptoe, can just touch the base OF his
ear.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05
A IRREGULAR ELOPENENT.

The Husband Was In It-A Thrilling
Romance Graphically Described.
The Truckee Republican of Wednesday
prints an account of recent eIopement
from that place which was OF three
cornered character and something new
in its line.
j. A. Hill and his wife Clara were en-
ployed as waiter aud waitress at a hotel
there, sod Julius Heberman as night
clerk. Mrs. Hill became enamored of
Hsberman, and it is fair to suppose that
he reciprocated. At all events, Mrs.
Hill concluded to desert her husband
and leave Truckes with Heberman. The
couple made arrangements TO leave town
Sunday evening. Before they got away,
however, Hill discovered the unfaithful
Claras trunk 10 HeheIm ans room. This
made manifest to Hill that something
was up between julius and his wife, aud
meeting the gentleman on the street, he
indulgsd in combat with him, in which
he was worsted. After this Hill went to
the Truckee hotel, and finding his wife in
room, demanded an explanation. He
got one OF the most ingenious kind. 1t
was to the effect that she loved Julius
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05
A CURIOUS CASE.

The Reoo Journal says the ply sicians
who have been attending Officer Nash say
the bullet that ii was feared would cause
his death, has cured a rupture of many
years standing. The bullet irri.ased and
innamed the break aud caused it to heal.
IL is one Of the most remarkable cases on
record and the doctors will report it for
the medical magazines.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05
ATTENTION. FiREHgS

The regular monthly meeting OF Win
nemueca Hose Company, No. /. will be
held at the courthouse at WinuemuccA on
Monday, October 5th, at 1880 p. NJ. All
members are requested to bs present. as
business OF Importance will be brought
before said meeting for transaction.
ID. j. HADLgy. Foreman. .
J. II. jon. Seo'y.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05
Dissolution Of COpartnership.

NJ Office is hereby given that the copartner-
~ ship Heretofore existing between the UNDER
signed. under the firm name OF George Luther,
has this day been dissolved by mutual consent.
X. ID. Geoage will COLLECT all money due the
firm, and pay all bills against the same
X. ID. GEORGE,
Il. VI LUTHER
wlNxEMucc,. sept. 81. 1891 Nv
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1891-10-05
THIRTY YEARS IN BED.

A Singular Freak of an Undiaaa
Negro.
Some thirty years ago John Bond a
colored man, took to bis bed and has
kept il ever since. His parents came
from the C4rolinas aud settled on farm
near Mitchell, Ind, but decided to sell
the farm aud move to town. John did
not want the farm sold, aud it is reported
that he said Il IL was cold hs would 90 10
bed and would 90, get up any more.
For abou, thirty years he has kept his
promise, except while his mother Law a
corpse in the house, when he unexpected.
ly came lotto the room 10 his night clothes
and knels by the SIDE OF the eorpse, scar
ing the watchers almost out Of their wits.
de is so em1ciased and week now from
long confinement to his bed that i. ia i'm
possible for him to ge. up. Several years
ago ne was examined by physicians but
they could see nothiog tho matter with
him.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
La Gr:ppc Again.

During the epidemic Of La Grippe
last season DR.. Kings New Iiscoy.
cry for Consumption, Coughs and
Colds, proved to be the best remedy.
Reports from the many who nsed it
Confirm this statement. They we're
nut only quickly relieved, hat the
disease left no bad after results.
We ak You to give this remedy a
trial and we guarantee that YOU
will be satisfied with results, or the
purchase price will be refunded. Il
has no equal in La Grippe, or any
Throat. Chest or Lung Trouble.
Trial bottles free at r. Blacknall &
Sons Drug Store. Large bottles,
soc and Si,00
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
CANINE Emulsion.

Caam's Emulsion Is composed Of
the pnrest. Norwegian Cod Liver Oil,
combined with the hypophosIhites
Of Lime and Soda with Iron, and
will positively arrest Consumption
IL taken in time. Cores Bronchitis
aud other Lung diseases, Rheumatic
aud Scrofulous affections, and all
low and wasting diseases, no matter
from what cause. Read the follow
ing:
DR.. ID. J. Roberts, Prof. of Prac-
tice OF Medicine, University Of
Tennessee writes: FL eheerfully
and without hesitation say, Camm's
Emulsion is the best form for the
administration OF Cod Liver Oil
with Hypophosphites that | have
ever tried. In the climate OF The
SOUTH and West il has peculiar ad-
vaIisges that are ofthe greatest i'm.
portanee, maintaining Its integrity
at all seasons 81 the year, notwith.
standing il contains the greatest
| per cent. Of pure Cod Iiver0iI thai
we know of 10 any Emulsion.
For sale BY all druggists. Fl
e. A. CRAIGHlIL, 3 co. "a
Manufacturers, and Wholesale Drug
glsts, LYnchbnrg, v.
MARLIN.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

Hc Ran LIlkcia'Tt, key
Betw en- Durham and Chapel
Hill two good old people live to-
gether, but one of them thinks
that she is still lurking iii the
shades of girlhood still on the
carpet Three or four times an
innocent Hebrew peddler visited
the house, selling them such
things as they wish to buy.
just before he made his last
visit, Ia few days ago., one Of
the neighborhood ladies said:
"He must be sparkling CT
words to that effect. The old
lady heard it; and she though il
was so-that lie was bent on
making love to her. Ny. my.
She felt III her pocket for the
latch key, she had scarcely done
SO, when she saw Abe coming;
her eyes flashing with rage,
she sprang into the middle Ut
the yard. Abe had nosuspicion
that the good lady was enraged
at him, when he was about a
hundred feet from her, she hiss
ed, Leave! leave, yougood-for-
nothing fellow The sudden
ness Of the attack unnerycd
him. She could no: peak He
brew, but Abe knew from her
actions and loud voice that the
time had come for him to stop;
the POOR fellows back was
liden with bundles, but when
ne saw her arms extended up-
ward and the noise she was
making, he came near permit
ting the bundles to drop from
his back; but it is said he ran
like a turkey. After running
several miles, it is no wonder
he looks drowsy; and no doubt
feels mystified over tbs occur
renee
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

To the publication Of your blood,
for at no season is the body so
susceptible to the benefits to be
derived from a good medicine.
as in March, April and May.
Hood = Sarsaparilla is the peo-
ple's favorite spring medicine.
Ii stands unequalled for blood,
curing scrofula, salt rheum, etc.,
regulating the kidneys and
liver, repairing nerve tissues,
strengthening and inyigorating
the whole body, as well as check
ing the progress of acute and
chronic disease, and restoring
the afflicted parts TO a natural,
healthy condition. you have
never tried Hoods Sarsaparilla
for your s'spring medicine, = do
50 this season. n-i-lm.
e
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
aI,ison q Addison.

No Turner ii this ?art Of the
world who will fail to recognize
in the ab,ve firm their true
friends. They have for twenty
years or more sold the best
brands Of guano. The Old Star
Brand and Anchor Brand have
been tested for years and proven
10 be very fine. Messers. Car
iington & Thaxton represent
this firm in Durham, where you
can find these popular brands
Of guano.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

SO far Bum has outfanked
the people Of Durham; but his
grip is not SO strongl MOI mol
This advertising patronage
OF the Old Reliable REcoRpER
lsrn the increase. Two new
advertisements, one from Ohio,
and the other from Georgia APP
pear this week. we can give
you more space II yon desire it.
Durham warehousemen have
sold more tobacco since Octo-
tber ist. than thny did the whole
OF last tobacco year. Her sales
during February were 2,lO0, 900
pounds This shows that there
y a popular appreciation of the
Durham market. Lea 81 Car
rington will always treat you
nilcey.
The Trinity College Town
has been changes to Trinity
Park. This is a comprimise on
the old bill. But We presume
the rose by q different name
has u throne that will stick the
same as the old bill. THE RE-
coRDER will stand by Durham.
We do not think it wise to in
corporate Trinity Park.
Rev. y. L. White, pastor Of
the First Baptist church preach
ed his secold anniversary SER
mon last Sunday. No pastor in
the State is more beloved BY
his congregation than Mr..
White. He is Il most excellent
preacher. But then we must
not say much for fear other
towns will be sending addition.
al calls.
We might as well expect
TO see the waves of Emo river
rolling up Main street as to ex-
pect Hon. B. II. Bum to do any
thing towards getting a public
building for Durham. He said
last summer that he was going
to get there Eli; well, he got to
Washington, but that doesn't
count for anything.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
Everybody Kn0 -

That al this season the blood is
filed sith impurities, tile accu-
mutation of months of close con-
finement in poorly ventila .
stores, workshops and tene-
ments. All these Impurities
and every trace of scrofula, salt
rheum, or other diseases may
be expelled by taking Hoods
Sarsaparilla, the best blood
purifier ever produced. 1t is
the only medicineof which 100
doses one dollar" is true.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

Brother Robinson has treated
the Daily Sun to a bran new
dress, head and all. We are
glad TO see such marked i'm
proyement. The Sun is a true
friendto Durham, and herenter-
prises, and deserves the support
Of every Durhamite. THE Re-
coRDER extends congratulations
and wishes the Sun to continue
to shine for all.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

Rates TO the Baptist State sum-
day school Convention, Rail-
eigb, N. q.
For above occasion the Rich
mond q Danville Railroad Co.,
will sen tickets 10 Raleigh and
return at the following rates
from points named. Tickets on
sale March 4th, to Sth inclusive
limited, returning March 10th.
From Charlotte, $7.45; Greens
boro, 40; Winston-S Salem, $50;
Durham, I.65; Oxford, 3.15;
Selma, LES; Goldsboro, 2.75.
Rates from intermediate
points IN same proportion.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
Tnn,lsts.

Whether on pleasure. bent or
business, should take on every
trip a bottle of Syrup Of Figs.
as it acts most pleasantly and
effectually on the kidneys, liver
and bowels, preventing fevers,
headaches and other forms of
sickness. For sale IN soc and
Sl.0O bottles by all leading
druggists. m-4-lm.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
The Great Horse Remed,
of the Day

Having used great many re-
medies for horses and cattle during
my experience Is manager of rail-
road construction and stock dealing.
Having under my charge and treat
ment over 200 horses and mules II
TIMES, | have never used a remedy
that acted so promptly and salts.
factoriIy az Johnson's Sunny South
Condition Powders. | recommend
them 10 do al that Is claimed.
L. a. PAMPLIN,
Manufactured BY N. Nj. johnson
{ Co, wholesale and retsil druggist,
Durham. . CN feb2J
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

Change of life, backache,
monthly troubles, hot flashes,
sleeplessness, dizziness, nerv-
business, are cured by DIR. Miles
Nervine, recently discovered by
the great Indiana Specialist.
Elegant books and trial bottles
free at Yearby's drug store or
address DIR. Miles Medical Co.,
Elkhart, Ind.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
Farmers Attentions.

Did you know tnat you could
save money by purchasing your
goods from the merchants Of
Durham? They carry a large
stock buy in wholesale lots
and can sell you so as to save
your money.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
..stni,. wall ssuat.p.

"ston wall Gla,,p."
w. I. Carrin2tTn will again
sell the famous 81 avail Guano
which has gis;cn sach universal
satisfaction wherever it has
been used. lie can furnish this
in any quaint tbs desired. II is
the leading and best tobacco
ferti izer Oh tho markst. Call
on w. 4. Darlington, Durham,
N. C. If.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
sUcKLEN's ARNIcA sALgi

r.rg BEsr SALvE IN the World for Cut
l3rui-e, Sores, Ulcers.Salt Rheuin, Feyei
Sr,r, letter, Chapped Hands, chilblains,
Ounsand all SKIN Enptions. and positivel,
CURES Piles. or no pay re lnired tits gnar.
anteed 70 give perfeci satisfaction, or money
refunded. Price Is cents per box.
For sale byR. Blseknall a ca. Durham
n a.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
west Dnrham News.

Our correspondent in the
vicinity of Yates Chapel says:
A man passed along the road
the other day in a wagon, but
he failed 10 keep in The middle
Of de road, and that Mr.. Dean
may bring suit for damages.
his fence was torn up; bad dri-
yers are rare in that section,
and those that can't keep in the
road had better make themsel-
YES scarce.
Our neighbor, WI. Fowler.
will move soon 10 his new farm
near Chapel Hill. We wish him
great success though regret Ia
lose him from our midst.
Mr.. "Bnck. johnson and
brother John has bought
land one mile and half south OF
Durham and expect TO build al
an early day.
Our neighbor, Marion vickers
has rented his farm and moved
10 Cary.
The site for the school house
has not been located. When
the county superintendent was
told that the house would b,
built near o grave yard, II,
winked at such an idea ant
said tho water would not bt
good. We think the superin
tendent Ii right; but some pro
pie will get mad clean through
IL a school house Ii not built OF
. certain spot.
chiIdren Cry far p,trborIe ra.to,,.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
CALIFORNIA re syrup co.
sts fRlEoisco. car.
LOUISVILLE, kI EEW F0ag. Nv

The most reliable agent for
destroying and expelling worms
from children and adults is
Shriner's Indian yermifuge, rs
cents a bottle. Try IL. Every
bottle guaranteed to give salts
faction,
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

Compounded Itch Oint-
ment, certainly, safely and
quickly cures an epidemic Of
itch that is raging through
out the country. Prepared
only by N. M johnson
& o., wholesale and retail
Druggist, Durham, n @. I
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04


Both tlic method and results when
Syrup Of Figs is taken; IL Is pleasant
and refreshing 10 the taste, and acts
gently yet promptly on the Kidneys,
Liver and Bowels, cleanses the sys
tenn eifectuRlly, dispels colds, head.
aches and feyers and cures habitual
constipation. Syrup Of Figs Is the
nly remedy Of is kind ever pro
duced, pleasing 70 the taste and ac-
ceptable 20 tie stomach, prompt In
lis action and truly beneficial In is
effects, prepared only from the most
healthy and agreeable substances, its
many excellent quail. commend Il
20 all and have mas Il the most
popular remedy known.
Syrup Of Figs Is for sale In Soc
and 81 bottles BY all leaiing drug.
gistS Any reliable druggist who
may not have Il on hand will pro-
cure Il prompil,' for any one who
wishes 70 try i. Do not accept any
substitute. =.
CALIFORNIA RE syrup co.
sts fRlsoisco. car.
LOUISVILLE, ~ EfN F0Rk, W.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
Capt. Locknart

wants you to try his Banner
warehouse with q load Of your
tobacco. He says that you
shah have the best prices. Dur
ham sold over two millions
pounds Of tobaccoin February,
which beats the record Of any
other market in the State.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
WHAT Arc You Doing?

Losing money by not selling
your tobacco on the Durham
market-at Lea & Carrington's
warehouse. Now take our adj
vice and try them with a load
of your fine tobacco.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

Sleeplessness. nervous prs lin,
fits, Sc. yilus dance, neryuusn ess,
hysteria, headache, hot ilushes, nery-
Gus dyspepsia, confusion, are cured
by DR.. Miles Neryine. Trial bot
ties and fine books free az Yearby's
drugstore or address DR.. Miles Med
ical Co, Elkhart, Ind.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
'.FeoTiNED

Cures the disease that causes the
,ffensiye odor If the feet aud arm
Is, ,oughens the skin and pre-
vents chaiug. Price so cts. For
sale BY all Durham Druggist.
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04
100 Doses One Dollar

Free Samples Of DR.. Miles Re.
tprativr Neryipe al Ye ,fby's drug
store, cares Headache. ,ervousness.
eleeplessness, neural .ia. iits, nervous
d, bIlity. sexual weakness, poor mem,
ory, etc. A new aud remarkable
lilc,very. Or address the DR.. Miles
Medical Co. Elkhart. Ini..
The Durham recorder. [volume] (Durham, N.C.) 1879-19??, 1891-03-04

FArInefs!
w. T. Darlington is selling
again the Stonewall guano, the
best on the market, give him a
trial.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1891-03-27
RAILWAY NOTES.

THE railroad capital of the world is
estimated at S29. 900. 600. 900.
THE five New England States have
built so far this year 1o miles of rail-
road. North Carolina has built 226.
II costs on an average 2.I7 cents to
carry passenger one mile in the United
States. and the average length Of his
trip is "a. II miles. 7
READING cars fitted out with the most
popular periodicals and books will be
attached TO the passenger trains on the
St. Petersburg-Wars railroad. Great
care will be taken TO have the cars prop
erly lighted in the evening.
IN England one person out OF every
$3.50, 600 people carried is killed. In
France one out of every 1000, 200 pas
sengers is killed. In Belgium one out
OF every 1900. 900 is killed In Prussia
only one out OF II 500. 900 is killed.
The Pennsylvania Railroad Company
has awarded contracts for building an
iron ferry-boat which, when completed,
will be the largest and strongest ferry
beat ailoat. The new vess el will be en-
tirely Of iron, except the joiner work,
and will be double-decker. propelled
by screw at each end.
THE Imperial Council has sanctioned
the plan Of building the Gebirian rail
road. The work will begin immediate.
ly. The entire cost of the enterprise is
estimated at about 500, 900, 900 rubles
The road will unite the interior of ST.
IBERIA with the Pacific Ocean and will be
very advantageous for strategic pur-
poses.