Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1891-12-17
THE DAIRY SCHOOL.
Now to sDeteot Milk Adultcratlon-Eor-
mula for Use in Creamery MILK Analy-

sis.
Tho use Of the Babcock test and the lac
| torneter in the detection OF adulteration was
| the subject OF upstairs work in lecture room
and laboratory for three days and u short
digest OF the instruction may not be unin-
| toiesting to tho readers of the FREE
| PRESS.
There is no doubt that as check on the
work OF creamery proprietor, workman and
patron and upon the COW herself, the Bah.
cock test stands unrivalcd 1t has its linn
itations however, and in tho attempt to
detect, measure and determine the charac-
ter OF milk adulteraton its value may be
greatly augmented by the ntellgen use Of
an accurate lactometer, and the application
Of certain formulfe for the calculation of
total solids and other data. IL intelligence
and care be used in the Bebcock lactometer
work and no arithmetical mistakes made in
calculation. it is possible to accumulate evil
dence Of adultcrntien aud to show its effects
not only Oh the fat and the specific gravity.
but upon the total soilds-''soids not fat
and upon the specific gravity of the milk
serum, in short to make assurance not
doubly but quintuly sure.
The formula used by the class are the re-
suit OF the calculation Of many thousand
analyses, which have proven TINT every one
per cent Of fat lowers the gravity of milk
nearly 0.001, and that every one per cent Of
o.her solids raises it little less than 0. 004.
The formula for the calculation Of the total
solids H. e., the entire solid matter Of mi s.
that has been taught the scholars is: 7
equals IL f plus L divided by 4, 7 meaning
total solids, f fat, and l. lnctoneter reading.
For instance if Il milk by tho test shows
per cent fat and 80 lactoreter, | 2 multipli-
ed by equals go and 81 divided by t
equals 500 and 4. so plus 8. 90 equals T. 30
per cent of totalssolids. Tho next5formula
is 3.61 (T-F) and this gives the specific
gravity of the milk serum, Il. e.,
the milk when free from fat which
should never in herd milk fall below
30 or above 40. In the above suppositious
case 1854 equals $50 per cent
'solids not fat, and s so multiplied
by 3.Sl equals 33.5 specific gravity
serum. We thus have evolved from
our original per cent fat and 8!
lactometer ieadng 80 per cent toal
solids, 8 so per cent solids not fat, 80 )
specific gravity serum. This would be an
average pure milk. Watering would show
itself in lowering nil five determinations
more or less while the watering of a very
rich milk would show in the ''solids not
fatn and tho serum gravity. Swimming
would show the lowered solids fat, about the
same 'solids not fat and increased gravi-
ties of milk and serum. Watering and
Swimming in one sample would show in
lowered solids and fat, about the same gray
ity, and lowered solids not fat AMI serum
gravity. The results obtained by the use OF
these formulas have been frequently com
pared at the experiment station with the
actual chemical analyses and. as rule, they
are closely alike.
The first formula was calculated and sim
plited from formidable English formuia
tor calculating fat frcm solid and gravity
by Prof. Halls, and it is believed ha, never
been published or taught before The sec
ond formula was calculated and taught by
DR.. Babcock OF the Wisconsin Dairy school.
Once their principle is mastered they are
easily applied and are OF great use in ac-
; cumulatng evidence Of authorization. The
class has been warned, howevsr, of the nee.
8 essity of getting a correct and pure sample
OF the milk OF any herd whose owner they
suspect to test in addition TO the sample
which fell under the ban. X the second
L sample prove normal the first he'd been
tempered with, but il it proves the same a,
tho first the abnormal results are due to
q some popularity OF herd, feed or other
similar cause.
4 If this article should meet the eye OF any
creamery man or dalrymau who desires to
= have tho use OF these formulas more fully
explained, line to that effect to the expert
= ment station will receive prompt attention
t Among the visitors OF Wednesday were
; Rev. f. Hungerford, Messrs A. Z. Rich.
, arison and W. b. Jones o. this city an,
. Mr.. j. 8. Fisher of Knowiton, Canada
D The latter gentleman has been deputised 10y
Provincial department of agriculture t.
visit and inspect the school in order to re
port upon it and upon the a1visability Of
establishing similar institutions in tina
country.
The class at the University dairy schoo
Friday were surfeited with arithmetic an,
formula. They wrestled with several sup
positions analyses and demonstrated water
ing, skimmlng, etc, from tn. results O
their tests and calculations.
y The butter extractor was run Thursda'
and Friday. The beated Danish Weston
Y separator has arrived aud was used Satur
/, day. The Danish-Weston isl lower ma
i. chime than the other separstors in use a
IS the school. 1t has Il l5-inch steel bowl
IS speeds at 1000 revolutions per minute an,
u will handle from 1900 to 1000 pounds mill
e per honr. This machine is OF the Peterson
Il ring pattern and is a belt machine. Tn
/, Danish is at present moro largely used thai
Il any other and is capable OF doing excellen
K work. Owing to tho large bowl it is enable,
!. to run at a lower speed and yet do tn
Il same amount Of work other separator
:, The butter extractor does the work of
q separator and churn. 1t consists of tw
a. cylinders, a small one within II large one
r The large cylinder separates the cream
- from the milk by centrifugal fore
+ at tho rate of 5000 revolutions pc
E. minute. The cream when separated passe
., into the small cylinder, in which revolves
y small drum or wire cage which does tn
= churning. The butter drops through II
I. opening in the bottom of the cburn cylinie
into a lower compartment where it is me
+ by stream of cold water to cool 1t and hel
force it out Of the machine through an ope
20 tube called the butter scoop. Ga cmergin
E. it falls into IA tub of cold water, from whic
. it is taken to be washed, sailed, worked an
IN packed III the same manner rs any othe
II butter.
q Tho entire class spent the first hour
e, Saturday morning in looAius over the e,
t, pertinent station laboratory and learnin
Il.