davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
THE EVOLUTION OF STRIKES.

1t is apparent from an examination of
the situation that strikes among the labor
ing classes are likely to become less
frequent each year until the time shall
come when they will be unknown. Both
the employers and the employed recognize
the fact that the proper way to settle diff
ferences as to wages, hours of labor and
other questions is by arbitration. The
feeling of the laboring men was expressed
the other day in the Trades Union meet
ing in England, where a speaker declared
that it was criminal to strike where arbi-
tration could be made to answer. On the
other hand, the employers are giving evi-
dences that they are willing to settle diff
ferences in this manner, and it is believed
that the interests of both classes are more
closely Joined to-day than they have ever
been in the past. In the recent differences
that have been adjusted in this country
arbitrary demands by both sides have
been less closely adhered to and
it was due to the feeling that strikes are
disadvantageous for all concerned, that
concessions were made on both sides.
When the time comes that the strike is the
only and last resort, the laborer, as well
as the employer, will find the condition
materially improved
In France the evolution of strikes Is now
in progress and the higher forms of the
settlement of difficulties have not vet
been reached. There is in that country a
noticeable excessive diSproportion between
causes and effects In this country, if
strikes come at all, it is only after long
negotiations which have resulted unsatis-
factorily, but in France the strikes take at
the outset character furious with ami
mostly and no attempt is made at arbitra-
ton. It is asserted that the cause of this
is not difficult to discover and that it is
due to the fact that the worlxmen, instead
of confiding the defense of their interests
to men connected with their own trade,
have recourse to politicians or men of an
other trade Happily for the workingmen
of the United States, they now have the
good sense to refuse to be led by politi-
clans or by those who only seek their own
aggrandiZement The calling in of people
whose interests are not the same as those
of the workingmen is very dangerous, but
the laboring people in the United States
have learned by experience to avoid self
styled philanthropic coadjutors. They
find, as will the French workingmen, that
they can succeed better when they take
the management of their affairs in their
own hands.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
ONLY CAMPAIGN YARN.

The campaign falsehooG of the free
traders who asserted that foreign farmers
were able TO purchase American farm i'm
plements cheaper than they can be bought
at home has been completely refuted.
The free traders attempted to make farm
ers believe that the manufacturers were
enabled, on account of the high protective
tariff, to charge big prices here, while
abroad they had ito take lower prices be-
cause they entered into competition with
machines made in England Such state
nents as these were made with intent to
deceive, but the free traders forgot there
was d means of finding whether they were
telling the truth or not
Twenry-siy shippers of machinery and
implements from New York were recently
interviewed, and each of them produced
books 10 show that their wholesale prices
30 purchasers abroad were the same as
those received from buyers at home. If it
BE- The case that foreign farmers can OBJ
tain their implements cheaper than their
prototypes at home, then the merchants
abroad must be operating in American ma
chirery 1T 4 heavy loss, for the freight must
beaGGed to the cost price in New York
i is hardly to be reasonably expected that
foreign merchants will stand in with
American free traders and suffer immense
losses for the sake of allowing them to
pTate about lower prices abroad than at
home for American goods.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
PENNSYLVANIA WILL BE THERE.

1t is gratifying to observe the earnest
ness with which the Pennsylvania Worlds
Fair Commission is getting down to buSi-
ness. Progress has been necessarily some
what delayed by the untimely death OF
Charles s. Wolfe, who had been chosen
commissioner, but Benjamin F. Whitman,
of Erie, who was yesterday elected to fill
the vacant place, is regarded as a strong
selection, and pledges himself to push the
work
Lewis Emery, Jr., reports to the COM
mission that arrangements are under way
for exhibiting to the world the pre-emi-
nence of Pennsylvania in the production
of oil and gas The other great industries
of the Keystone State are receiving due
attention. The lady members of the COM
mission are fully abreast of their asso-
ciates in that activity which is certain to
insure success. There is, therefore, every
reason to believe that the Commonwealth,
which is really the, greatest in the country,
will be adequately represented on the
shores of Lake Michigan in 1899.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
OUR NAIL POUCH.
Compilations Of Congresses.


To the Editor of The Dispatch:
Is it not true that the Republicans have
controlled the majority of Congresses since
the government was founded? K. G.
DU BOISE, September 9.
mo. The following list will show the COM
plexfons of the different Congresses: The
First and Second Congresses had both
Houses Federal; in the Third and Fourth,
the Senate Federal, the House Democratic
Republican; the Fifth and Sixth, both Fed
eral; the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth.
Eleventh, Twelfth. Thirteenth, Fourteenth,
Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eigh-
teenth, both Democratic Republican; the
Twentieth and Twenty-frst, both Demo-
cratic; the Twenty-second and Twenty third,
the Senate National Republican, the House
Demoeratfc; the Twenty-fourth, Twenty
fifth and Twenty-sixth, both Democratic;
the eTwenty-seventh, both Whig: the Twenty
eighth, the Senate Whig. the. House Demo
cratic; the Twenty ninth, both Democratic:
the Thirtieth, the Senate Democratic, the
House Whig; the Thirty first, Thirty-second,
Th1rty-third and all except the last part of
the Thirty fourth, both Houses Democratic;
the last part of the Thirty-fourth, the Senate
Democratic and the House Republican: the
Thirty fifth, both Houses Democratic second
session of the Thirty sixth Congress, Senate
Democratic and the House Republican:
Fortieth, Forty-frst, Forty-second and
Forty-third Congresses, both Houses Repub-
l1can; Forty-fourth Congress, March 4, 1875,
and the Forty-ffth Congress, Senate Repub-
Congress, both Houses Democratic; Forty
seventh, both. Republican; Forty-eighth,
Forty y-n1nth and Fiftieth, the Senate Repub-
lfcan the House Democratic; the Fifty-frst,
both Houses Republican,; the next Congress.
cratic,t
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
TRRsIs OF THE DISPATCH.
PITTsBURG, FRIDAY, SEPT. IL, 1881.
CLEAN THE STREETS!

This is Exposition time, when hundreds
OF thousands of strangers will come within
our gates during the season; and q loud
call is in order upon the Street Depart
ment to make the premises passably pre-
sentahle
They are not up to this standard now.
On the contrary, while the people of every
city are, on occasions, disposed to hold
their own particular streets the dirtiest in
creation, We think any unprejudiced jury
would feel compelled to award the
premium for general slovenlness in this
particular to our own burg at the present
moment.
THE DISPATCH has been abundantly
willing to make allowance for the diff
culticS Chief Bjgelow has had to encounter
during the past few years in the matter Of
street cleaning. Building operations, mud
carried into town from unpaved streets,
and great deal of public work to be
pushed and superintended, have furnished
an excuse.
But these conditions no longer exist
The present dirty state of the streets of
Pittsburg, especially in the lower part of
The town, is the resultof sheer inattention.
Some Of the approaches to the Exposition
building, especially between Liberty and
Penn, are marvelS of unsightliness and
untidineSs, and are apt to make the visitor
wonder whether or not they are intended
as a special exhibit of how not to do it. 1t
Is not there alone, however, but also in
important business sections that the pre-
vailing want Of cleanliness and of neatness
IS proclaimed.
The expenditure of plenty of water, of
notices to property holders to put their
sidewalks in order, and of comparatively
few dollars from the city treasury in get
ting the rOadways in order, would quickly
remedy all this Let Chief Bigelow make
2 quiet tour ofinspection for himself; anG,
from what We know of his capacity for
doing things when aroused, we will feel
sure forty-eight hours will witness very
mach-needed transformation scene.
Take a look around, Chief
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
PICKINGs FROM PUCK.


'I don't know what makes me yawn so,"
said bride on the Kittatinny porch.
81 suppose it's from gazing SO longAt the Water
GAP " replied her husband; 'its contagious you
know
Pills and powdersl Powders and pillsi
Sovereign cure for earthly ills
Filling the void that nought else fills,
Pills and Powders! Powders and pills!
"What was young Leonard White fired
for?''
''The boss caught him in lie.''
WAS it a whOpper?''
''Well, he said his salary was plenty big enough
to suit him.
Ponderton-The philosopher says: "Know
thyself.''
Miss De Muir (yawning).-How terribly bored
some people would be If they knew themseNesi
He said: Long Branch was ''Out OF date;''
Lenox and Newport made him tired;
But CatskiI board at dollars eight,
Was ''an that could have been desired.
Hon. Jedediah Hornblower (of Wayback)
DO you deal in photographs OF eelebritesr
Dealer-Yes. sir.
Hon Jedediah HOrnbower-Wa-a, I'd like 70
leave a couple dozen O. mine with you People mere
in New York don't seem to know me as wei as
they do up home
Mrs. de Kay Nighu-'E is good little
doggie. ,-,r,,.,.
Mr.. NJghn-UOou "Oii' ~
Mrs. Nighn-WhyF
Mr. Nigbn-I was only thinking of the proverb:
''Tne good die young"
Mamie-Isn't Mr.. Turtell a strange man?
He eseems to live wholly within himself.
Gladys-Well it is no wonder he is troubled with
indigestion,
Teacher-Has the North Pole been
reached yet?
Munro Beadel-Yes, ma am.
Tcacher-By whom, pray?
Munro Beadel-By North Pole Pete. or The
Esqumaux' Friend
''Does your wife talk in her sleep?"
mo; but she frequently does In mine"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11

books could be published in paper form
and placed on the market for small prices
has been the principal cause Of the vitiated
taste. Prior to this discovery the reading
of the general public was confined to such
works as could be obtained from libraries,
and in none of these institutions could be
found such impure literature as can now
be seen on every side. But publishers
found that there was ready sale for
translations from French writers and for
all kinds of materialistic stories, and since
then the market has been flooded with the
most vicious literature. 1t is a melancholy
fact that large proportion of humanity
is ready at all times to be led astray; but,
at the same time, it is encouraging to hear
that they are wearying of the nauseating
doses, bound in book form, that the pub
fishers have been giving them The social
reformers who have been harping on this
subject will now come forward and claim
a victory to which they are not in the
least entitled. 1t is the good sense of the
American brain that is at last asserting it.
self
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
EEPURLICANIsM IS GROWING.

4 number of incidents have happened
lately which add weight to the belief that
the days Of the reign of sovereigns over
Great Britain are numbered. In speech
before one Of the houses of the Canadian
Parliament the other day, one of the mem
hers said that the time was fast approach
ing when Canada could no longer submit to
be called a colony of Great Britain, and it
is we'll known that dissatisfaction over
the existing state of affairs has been
growing rapidly for some time past In
another part Of the British Empire, Aus
fralia. the dissatisfaction has been even
mUIe forcibly expressed, and it would not
be surprising were the third continent to
take steps at any time to sever its connee-
lion with the parent country. The ex-
preston of the laboring people at the re-
cert congress of the Trades Union men
in EGgland toward the royal family is also
significant The attitude OF Ireland is
well known.
Il was through her blind conservatism,
and the dOmineering, greedy and insular
e-otiSm Of her old colonial system that
England lost her chief American colonies,
Gt-i- NAllt l'l plGStiiI CDlOlldl system is
f5r more generous, yet the self-governing
colonies must have the rights of citizen
shin or they will all ultimately sever their
connection with the Empire. A writer in
9 recent number Of the Westminster Re
gjeJC offers as a suggestion a remedy which
may be solution of the difficulty. He
advises that an imperial federation be
formed, but this cannot be done unless the
colonies are given full and proportion
ated share in the Imperial Parliament
Britain must enter into the federation and
become a province of the Empire upon the
same { rms as the other colonies, 1t is
held, though, that voluntary federation is
impossible as long as the peace Of the
world is not disturbed The selfish inter-
ests of those now in power overrule all
considerations of the common welfare of
The nation, and these are not
likely to be relinquished until war
makes it apparent that without confedera-
ton the Empire cannot be held together
with certainty. Under these cireuth-
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
NAMES FREQUENTLY SEEN,

QUEEN VICTORIA puts in her spare tim e
plying the crotchet needle.
JULES SIMON, the celebrated French
economist detests tobacco, and says that he
is an inveterate enemy of alcohol.
Mrs. P T. BARNUNI, widow of the late
P. T. Barnum, the great Snowman, was a
passenger on the Aurania, which arrived
from Queenstown Monday.
HON. WILLIAM STRONG, ex-Justice OF
the United States Supreme Court, with his
family, is the guest of Mrs. Edward Davies
at Pottstown, Pa.
BISHOP DwENGER, of Fort Wayne, who
at the time of his ordination in 1872 was the
youngest known Bishop, is dying at his
home of heart failure.
JAMES N. PIDCoCK, of White House, n.
j., former Congressman from that State and
prospective candidate forGovernor expects
to market over 1000 baskets of peaches
this year.
BISHOP STRoSsMAYER, of Pesth, is re-
ported to say that in 30 years there will be
no more crowned heads in Europe, not even
in Russia, and that European war will be
certain within three years.
IT is interesting to be informed that Lord
and Lady Aberdeen sat at the same table on
the Majestic with Mrs. Mckee and Mrs. Har-
rison, and permitted them to become very
social" For such condescension many
thanks.
The resemblance of Miss Mary Lincoln
to her distinguished grandfather is mental,
not physical, for she is small, with pretty
face and winning manners. Her education
has been thorough, and she is well read on
many subj ects.
JOHN R. REDING, who was member of
Congress from New Hampshire from ls41 to
1858, is still living and in good health at
Portsmouth. Of his colleagues from New
England, Robert c. Winthrop is said to be
the only survivor.
Mr.. EDWARD 7. HOLDEN, the new Glad
stonian member of the House of Comm ons
for Walsall, is the one hundred and twenty
third new member who has entered the
House since the general election of 1886 l..
The House of Commons consists of $40 men,
bers.
THE home of Presiden Carnot's mother
was entered by burglars the other night and
many articles of value were deliD erately
carried off. The watch dog, fierce animal
had been liberated the previous day and
failed to report for duty in time for busi-
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
Boiled Them to Death.

To the Editor of the Dispatch:
notice that the Persian Shah recently
sentenced man to be boiled to death. Was
not this punishment formerly practiced in
Europe? W.CD.
WHEELING, September 10.
boiling to death was once in vogue in
England, Germany, France, Spain and Italy,
but only for the most heinous crimes. The
murder of benefactor or of a very near
relative was punished in this way, and in
England poisoners were boiled to death.
There are II instances on record of this SEN
tence being carried out in England dating
from the reign Of Henry III. to that OF Ed
ward VI, when the statute was repealed.
The condemned person was placed in a large
iron pot, over which was fitted covering
having hole, through which his head was
passed, a bar being placed under the chin to
prevent the victim from plunging his head
beneath the water, and, by suicide, antici-
pat1ng the sentence. The pot was filled with
cold water, q slow fire kindled underneath,
and the heat gradually raised in order that
the punishment might last the longer. In
one instance the victim was placed in the
vessel at daybreak, and at sundown was
still alive. The repeal of the statute in the
time of Edward VI, was opposed by several
prominent members of Parliament, who ar
gued that poisoning would become a COM
mon crime if the punishment were not made
severe.1
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
THE pAN-REpuBL1c CONGRESS.
A Movement TO Organize It Started in Phil
adelphia.

adelphia.
Philadelphia Press.1
The Pan-Republic Congress which would
take definite steps to establish a tribunal
for arbitrating international differences be-
tween republics has been the dream OF
many minds for half a century. 1t was pro-
posed by Clay and it has been urged by one
thinker and poet after another as plan big
with blessings for the race. The movement
to organize such @ congress has passed dur
ing the last two years through the success
sive stages of indefinite enthusiasm, agita-
tion, and systematic promotion, which cul-
inmate in the meetings to be held here on
October IL and 13. These meetings in Inde-
pendence Hall and in the Academy Of Music
are intended to give basis for organization
which will place the movement upon solid
footing, furnish it with a constituency, and
command public attention.
1t is easy at the beginning of such move
ment to see its obstacles and hindrances,and
to undervalue agitation and the tides Of
opinions; but it Is impossible to avoid seeing
that many causes are now uniting to pro-
mote distinct union and contact OF the
peoples as such. Even IN Russia the visit OF
the French fleet was accepted as extended
from people to people. This was still more
true of the stay of the same fleet in England.
A vigorous and popular agitation in this
country, such as is to be set on foot by the
meeting here at the opening of the anniver.
sary year of American discovery, will lead
to action by Congress, and Congress has it in
its power to assemble body which can make
effective the desire for a permanent interna-
tional tribunal which all Republics will join
in organizing and all agree in recognizing.
Such plan deserves, and we doubt not
will receive, the earnest and hearty support
of this city, which for more than century
has been associated in the minds of men
alike with the dawn and the MONDAY splen-
dor of independence, freedom and govern
ment of law.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
Era DiaYnlO in History.

To the Editor of The Dispatch:
Was the Fra Diarolo of Auber's opera a
historical or imaginary character? II. E.
EAST END, September TO-
FRA Diayolo, or Brother Devil, was pop
ular italian hero of the latter part of the
eighteenth century. Originally a goatherd
of Calabria, he entered o monastery and was
there known as Fra Angelica, but finding
religion not to his taste, he abandoned the
cowl and gown and Joined a band of rob-
bers, soon becoming their chief. During the
political and military commissions of the
years preceding the French conquest, he
served as a mercenary on any side which
paid him best. He took part in several in
surrections in South Italy and Sicily, was
finally, captured by the Neapolitans and
hanged in 1s06, aged 46. He was a man of
great personal courage, some military abil-
tty, and. by his profession. was commended
to the hearts of the Italian populace, who
still cherish his memory in legends and
songs. Like many of his class, he was gen
erous to the poor and often gave away in
charity the money he had taken from the
rich. The popular opera of Auber contains
nothing of his history or character but the
name.1
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11

stances the selfish interests might be over
ruled by the necessity for the combined
defense of the whole Empire, and feeling
as they do, is it to be thought strange that
the colonies at the present time take so
little apparent interest in the burning
questions which are now agitating the
European nations? That they would
seize the proper occasion to enforce
equality cannot be doubted, unless in the
meantime complete change of sentiment
should occur The present generation
NAV witness either an imperial confedera-
ton of the colonies, including Britain, or,
what is more likely, it may gaze upon the
disintegration of the Empire and the es-
tablishment of republican forms of gov
ernment in Australia and in Canada.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-09-11
WEARY OF so-cALLED REALISM.

The assertion is made that the demand
for so-called realistic literature is growing
smaller and that the public taste is chang
ing for the better. Such a statement, COM
ing at a time when the human mind
seemed to have a morbid and greedy crav-
ing for the impure in fiction, is almost too
much to be desired, to be implicitly be-
lieved. An examination of the books dis
played in the stores certainly does not in
dicate that there has been a recent i'm
provement, although the dealers state that
sales of books that would have been inter-
dicted in the days of our forefathers, are
not nearly so large as they were year
ago, and that there is a considerable in
crease in the demand for fiction of the
higher grade and for the magazines.
Still, at almost any hour Of the day, school
boys and school girls, young men and
young women may be seen on the streets,
carrying under their arms books, COM
pared with which, the dime novel of
twenty years ago was harmless. D..
A writer in recent magazine declares
that he cannot determine where to place
the responsibility for the degradation of
public taste in the matter of literature.
1t does not take a very searching investi-
CATION to lead to the conclusion that the
responsibility rests with the publishers,
and that the discovery of the fact that