davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
WILL NOT YIELD HIS PULPIT.
THE REV. o. B. MLLIGAN IGNORES THE ACTIo,
OF THE REFORMED PREsBYTERIAys.


OF THE REFORMED PREsBYTERIANs.
Pttsburg, June 1.-THE Rev. o. B. Miligan. pastor
Of East End Reformed Presbyterian Church, and ono
Of the young ministers expelled from the Church BY
the Synod yesterday, has decided to hold his church
On next Sunday with $50 followers he will occupy his
old pulpit and proposes TO continue pastor Of the
church. The opposition TO the Rev. Mr.. Milligan
is not strong and IL is not likely that there viii DO
any more trouble.
Tho declaration OF the Rev. John r. Carson. Of the
Reformed Presbyterian Church, In Tompkns-ave.,
Brooklyn in the meeting OF the Synod Of the denomi-
nation In Pttsburg Wednesday that he proposed to
leave the denomination and would never vote again In
the synod felt 30 presage trouble In Ids church. The
great majority OF the members voted to stand by him
last winter and Mr. Carson expects to hold them to-
gether. But TIL, property Is vested IN the Synod ana
1t is expected that pastor will be assigned 70
and an effort viii be made TO Gust Mr.. Carson This
society Is the only Of the Covenanter stripe In
Brooklyn which belongs to the Synod in session
II occupies a building in which the Rev Anna Oliver
preached for several years while uns1eeessfuy trying
To be admitted the Now York East Methodist Episco
pal Conference Mr.. Carson resigned last winter but
his church by vote OF 100 TO IL refused to accept Ms
resignation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
PARTISAN REPORT DEFEATED.

Springfield, H., June 1.-THE Anna Insane Asylum
scandal occupied the attention OF the House for long
time this morning. The special committee which has
been investigating charges of mismanagement and
cruelty against the officials Of that institution made
majority and minority report yesterday afternoon, and
they came up as special order to-day The majority
report signed by the Democratic members, found the
Superintendent and his assistants guilty Of extreme
and repeated cruelty to inmates, and Of other misde
meanors and Irregularities Of serious nature. The
minority report, the other hand signed by the
Republicans, was the reverse in its conclusions The
majority report recommended the dismissal of num-
Der of attendants The vote motion to adopt
the majority report resulted In its defeat by majority
of one the three Farmers and one Democrat voting
with the Republicans against It,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
rxrRc1sEs AT COLUMBIA INSTITUTE.

The annual graduating exercises Of Columbia Institute
were held at the Institute Hall, NO 729 6h-aye' last
night About 800 persons listened to an interesting
nroQramme consisting Of orahons declamations piano
ard violin music and singing by the glee club Ihe
following were among tho most successful students
First honor man. Victor II. Kohn; senior cadet officer
Lieutenant Colonel j. Bliss Dudley In the senior ue-
nartmept prize certificates Issued 10 Victor H. hon
Arthur b. Griffin and Theodore S. Rumney The follow
ing compose the class o: '9l Amnsa Spring. IT.. Victor
H. Kohn Robert Wioand Bullock Robert White Butler
Davis Francis Turnbul. James Bliss Dudley Harold
Francis Storm and George Fox The vaedicOry address
ros del,vered Inv r w Bullock who also the gold
medal FOR oratory. A dance given by the graduating
class to Its friends closed the entertainments
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
THE FEATHER REPORT.
FORECAST TILL p. NJ. FRIDAY

FORECAST TILL p NJ. FRIDAY.
Washington, June 11.-For NewEngland, Eastern Ne"'
York. Eastern PENNSYLVANIA Delaware NeW'erse', as
.s and VIRGINIA light showers stationary temperature;
southery winds. , ,,..
For the Caronas, Georgia and Eastern Florida hghs
showers. ,,-
For Western Florida, Alabama, Mississippi LOUISIANA
anI For Arkansas tennessee and Kentucky. fair ana
warmer. - 49,. ,,o-. xua.,o,, Penn.
svlytnia and Ohio. light showers. .,,,, a.. nm
.,....-. Nf,.souri
For Minnesota the Dakotas. Iowa, Nebraska MISSOURI
Kansas and Colorado. fair and warmer.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
FINAL EXERCISES AT PEEKsKILL.
coMMENCEMENTs OF THE MILITARY AoAD"Ni
,xn pRorEssoR HARsTRoM's SCHOOL.

COMMEN C6MtNAo VI AhD
AND PROFESSOR HARsTRoM's SCHOOL
p..ssuu N. Y. June IL (specall.-rhe Peeksldll
MItarv Academy has finished the abors and the COM
uenoement week of the ffty-eighth year On Iuesuay
evening there was the semia prize speaking III
the arnory Frank Vanderbilt Brooks declalmeu '"o
Death Bed of Benedict Arnold" and took nrst pfze'
and Miles wunder Beemer second. on wednesday
evening the class exercises took place
This afternoon the graduating exercises were heu'
The graduates were as follows the officers and caoe's
coming from all parts Of the United states rom
Maine to California: Warren S. Jordan faui 1. Du
Bois Harry B. Campbell, Charles A. seymour, rnerio
s Jennings Miles w. Beemer, Walter H. Fond, "llia.i
Bayles. Frederick P. Gould, Samuel stone, Henry a.
Aced. Edgar W. Bassick, samuel A. Muhlhauser, Max
,.esor pd,vard r. WEIGH Frederick II. Wiley, Wallace
I Hale Edgar F. Whitney, Charles W. Hunter. Nelson
g. Mercer, Stanley Little and John K simphns. Inc
diplomas were presented by owen L. conn., suriVso
of Westohoster and president OF the Board OF Dncco
OF the academy. General James W. Hus'eo' al alum
ms Of the school, delivered eloquent address 10 INC
graduating class. Medals were awarded as follows
TrpstAes, gold medal, highest honor, Warren s. Jor-
dan ~ Peekskin; head boy, gold medal, Henry A.
Aced deportment Harry B. Campbell silver meoalS'
classics NJ W. Tiff mathematics, warren D 1oruah ;
drawing Warren S. Jordan; mechanical, Charles Neu
man: defamation, Edward G. Weich; racuIDy prAo'
Frank V. Brooks; penmanship, John A. sin'h gym
nastics, Joseph Haroyd; craftsmanship LOUIS Do
saules science, Edward Welch .,,
At 2 O'Clock there was review Of the battalion
NJ 40 cadets under the command OF their INSTRUCTOR
colonel Louis H. orleman, United States Army.
professor G. A. Harstrom's School, "Vieuland," in
tb,s ctv closed for the year yesterday with aPpro
pirate graduating exercises. After long career .is
school has closed permanently as the proprietor has
secured professorship at another institution uoa
medals were yesterday awarded as follows Hlehes'
standing. Paul Acker department., Leo AoKer' OF
yer medals-mathematics, Herbert S. Cooley genera
scholarship Walter s. Whitman and Herbert s. Cooley
spelling Walter C. Moses
The eleventh anniversary and commencement eAei'
c,ses of Michigan school, at Lake Mohegan near
this city. have been held the past week. The COM
mttee on defamation awarded the gold medal TOT
speaking to Cadet L. c. Brown, OF jamestown, Va WIN
second prize to o. l. Brown, Of NewYork Arler .e
Indoor exercises there competitive orl III uo
parade ground In the manual Of arms the mas
commltfee awarded the first medal 10 CaueI ~ az. -
Chester son of Commander G. NJ chester, Oh ,,aS
United states Navy second Pr1e 70 L. at
O'clock the final graduating exercises were held
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
CLOSING THE YEAR AT cLAvERAcK.

Clsverack ". T. June IL (specia-The thirty
annual OF the Caveraek College Hudson
River Institnte took place to-day in College Hall An
unusually large number OF alumni friends Of the col.
lese were present feature Of the day Of
~ the classes OF 1861 and 1862 The address the
graduate. was delivered by the Rev. Dr. George Yesey
OF Hudson The following students graduated in
several departments Jessie W. Church LILLIAN X Faror
Frances u Field Anna Il. Hayens, Katie NJ. Mensch,
Corneia Stevens Stewart r. Benson, Louis s. Colwell.
George w. Gardner, jr, Howard c. Hopkins. John IL.
Jeaes James w. Sutton, Frank L. Walsh. Helen H. Deyo.
Edith s. Hasbrouek. Helena NJ tsaee. Fran
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
rr.curns Ar HowARn uN1vERs1rY.

Washington, June II (speciar.-A: the annual meet
ing Of night the following professors were
unanimously chosen Theological Department on nomina-
ton OF the American Missionary Association which sup
ports The professors Of the sameIhc Rev John L. Ewel
ecclesiastical history Greek and Hebrew; the Rev. Isaac
Clark theology and hermeneutes the Rev G.
Small pastoral theology. church institutions; the Rev.
George W. Moore Bible and history the Rev.
George Jones rhetoric and eoeution the Rev. DR.. T. S.
Hsmln, lecturer REVEALS the Rev. 7. s. Wyncoop.
lecturer foreign missions. and Harry 7. Chase, in
structor music college departmcnt-Pro-
fessor r. Fairfield Of Tabor lowe. and the Rev. W. V.
Tunnel Of Brooklyn N. Y.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
xNox COLLEGE COMMENCEMENT.

Galesburg, Ill, Juno IL speciaD.-The graduating
exercises Of the forty sixth annual commencement
Of Knox College were held this forenoon IN te Auui-
.ornm. The graduates were hfty-three in number,
zb,ch ,s the largest class graduated from this
college The Grafton was by DR.. Charles L. Thompson,
of New York the salutatory by James NJ Tanner OF
Loursville the valedctory by E. B. Cushing Oh
Buds. and the masters Grafton by A. III. stephens
OF Galesburg. The board Of trustees reported tne
college in healthy financial condition, Win S4ZooVo
IN assets and a large increase in attendance chair
Of political science established ana the uesreo
Of bachelor OF letters Instituted Tor seminary
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12

to have some fun for and they succeeded last
night at Of Hurt, their vcepresdent AZ
No. 70 Fifthaye ouartets by Messrs. smythe, HUTCH
ings Hamilton aud Peet violin selections by MISS hoge"
and songs and performances by Miss Roma Davey Alss
Blanche Wilcox. Miss Adeline Rice Miss Maud Davis,
Miss Adele Weber, w. Hamilton, Harlow CAanlcr, v.
Budets and Mr. Crane the whistler filled out pleasant
evening,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
PROMINENT ARR1yA1s AT THE HOTELS.

BRUNSWICK-Ross r. Winans. OF Baltimore FiFTH
AVENUE-John T. Abbott, United states Mlhit.er !"
Colombia: A. G. Menocal, u S. ". and Patrick walsh,
NJ Augusta Ca. GILSEY-Marcus DAILY OF Montana
PI,AZA-Jeferson Chandler of St. Louis. ST JAMES,
FxCongressman stephen Sanford, OF Amsterdam. " Y.
wIsTMINsTER-Mr suarez, secretary of the Dominican
Ieeation OF Washington.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12

Charlotte n. c., June II (specaD.-At Biddle Unver-
sty the professors gave the student who made the greatest
progress HIS class during tho year gold medal. inc
mi1es were awarded today as follows II. L. McCrorey
the alumni prze in oratoIy w H. Morrow the sophomore
prize in Latin j. +. Bowman, the freshman prize in
Greek and r. NJ. Elrod. the junior preparatory prize
There were three graduates from the theological department.
pnd seven the collegiate. They all delivered oratohs
some Of which would do any similar institution In
the country Tho past year been Of unusual pros
ncritv in this institution.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
TRIBUNE LOCAL OBSERVATIONS.

In the diagram a line shows the borometef
fluctuations Yesterday observed at the United states
Signal Service Station at this city The dashes nasts
the temperature noted at Perrys Pharmacy sun BUILDING
rrbun. oeace Tune 10 l a. m.-Pertect weather
Yesterday the sky keeping almost clear the air
dry and the breeres light Az mdneh. the humidity was
20 The temperature ranged between "a ana 80 degrees,
the average 73 being 2 lower than on the corresponding
day last year. and higher than on weunesdsy. -
Tn and neor to-day Inert VIII probably be gen.
eraiy fsr weather but possibly with light showeri
slight thermal changes
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
CADETS. BALI1PLAYERs AND COMIC OPERis

graduating and furlough classes OF West Point
10 attend the performance Of wang" at the Broadway
Theatre tonight and special features Will be added
TO the performance their benefit Tomorrow night the
NewYork and Chicago baseball clubs will be present and
Mr. Hoppers well-known baseball prociytties will find full
vent for the first time this Tonight the
will hear THE Tar Tartar Pamer's Theatre.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
THE FAREWELL DRESS PARADE.
WEST POINT CADETS CONTINUE THEIR GRADu
ATING EXERCISES.

West Point n Y, June 1.-the cadets showed
their proficiency IN gymnsstc exercises tms moi1nns
Horizontal bars were rugged on the lawn anu lol al
49,. ,here was a lively performance The Secretary
q, war arrived here this morning and was welcomed
nv an artillery salute At O'Clock the farewell dress
narade occurred. The band played Aud Lang syne
and Home Sweet Home" The graduates fell out Oh
the line and marched toward the barracks, but stopped
midway TO Let the other classes march past ana salule
The annual hop held In Government halI W
riob+ and was q brilliant affair Tomorrow viii be
ereduation day. Congressman Burrows ana Ihe rev.
Frank O,Bren Will make addresses, ana the secretary
on War viii hand the diplomas
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
pREs1pENr OF BUTLER UNIVERSITY.

indianapolis, June 11.-Professor Scott Butler was
Yesterday unanimously elected president OF the Butler
University to succeed Dr. A. R. Benton President
Btler is son OF the late Ovid Butler tho benefactor
Of the college Is graduate Of Indiana University and
the University Of Heidelberg. DR.. Benton continues
,necnhey of the faculty.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
. DRAMATIC CLUBS EyrERrarNyrxr

The members Of tho Students Dramatic Club enter.
tanned many audiences last season the Berkeley
Theatre with such pays "Uncle Bootle" truths
Romance" young Mrs winthrop" Sunset" Case
for Eviction" and ITO obge Benson" they decided
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
s1vry.s1Y OF NEw.YoRK,s HOTELS

Are within from one TO twenty minutes walk OF Grand
Central station where all trains Of the New York Cen
ira arrive and depart. The service Of the Ceptral is
superb lis great popularity passenger route Is
established. Dee time table for particulars. =.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12

Wilmington, n c., June 1.-THE Standing Commit
tee of the Diocese of East Carolina at meeting To-
night gave consent to the conservation OF the Rev. Dr.
Phillips Brooks as Bishop Of the Diocese Oh hassa'
chusetts
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12

49,. rr,,.. Mill Ia the srincipal order of the evening
n il expected that Professor huxley OF sh for
yersity at Wsshn gton who prepared Dr ero0'' 1''
college, will DO present ana MAKE ai su''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
rnE RnRnRr AND MLNNLE RELEAsED.


San Pedro, Cal, June 1.-THE Robert and minnie
was released under $500 bonds, and sailed for
Eureka CAL Captain OFarrel is under $4,000 bonds.
The original crew are still held in the county IAN
at Los Angeles unable to get the required bonds.
new crew shipped from here.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
EDWARD BURGESS SERIOUSLY I'LL

Boston, June 11.-Edward Burgess the wellknown
yacht designer. is seriously III with typhoid fever
Int his chnces for recovery are considered favorable
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12

cisco Echemendis Stanton B. Graoil' oeorse W.
Brown Charles b. Conro James Hull, Charles NJ Knapp
ELIAS w. Leaycnworth and George r. Van Buren,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12
CLOSING PRICES OF CALIFORNIA STOCKS.
San Francisco. June IL 1901.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

You have sumptuous trains 10 the North and West BY
the New York Central. passing through all the hn-
portant cities OF the Empire state. see time table ~
thia papars ~
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-06-12

An oyerworked brain brings on headache nervous.
ness, eilousness constipation and dyspepsia olnlnons
Liver Regulator quickly relieves these troubles.
The record-union., 1891-08-15
ALI HANDS BELOW. "
How Parrot Startled Congregation
of Worshipers.


of Worshipers.
A good story is told of parrot who
had always lived on board of ship, but
and took refuge in church. Soon after
ward, the congregation assembled,
and the minister began preaching to them
in his earnest fashion, saying there was
no virtue in then-that everyone of them
would go to endless perdition unless they
speedily repented. Just as he spoke the
sentence, up spoke the parrot from his
hiding-pIace:
'All hands below!"
To say that "all hands, were startled
would be a mild way of putting it. The
peculiar voice and unknown source had
much more effect on them than the par
sons voice ever had. He waited a mo-
ment and then, shade or two paler, he
repeated the warning.
''All hands below!n again rang out from
somewhere.
The preacher started from his pulpit
and looked anXiouSly around, inquiring
if anybody had spoken.
''All hands below!" was the only re-
ply, at which the entire panic-stricken
congregation got up, and moment after
ward they all bolted for the doors, the
| and during the time the Inischievous bird
kept up his yelling:
"All hands below!'
There was one old woman present who
was lame, and could not get out so fast as
the rest, and in short time she was left
entirely alone. Just as she was about tC
hobble out the parrot flew down, and
lighting ON her shoulder, yelled in hel
! ear:
'All hands below!'
mo, no, Mister Devilr' shrieked the
| old woman, ''you can't mean me. dom
belong here. I go to the other church
across the way.'
The record-union., 1891-08-15

an authority upon science or medicine.
But when we come TO the second sem
tence, we find that it knocks the first
sentence, asfit were, absolutely senseless,
and opens the door for everything that
might be claimed by the widest German
nationalist. Those who believe that the
early portion of Genesis is a parable and
that history does not begin before the
time of Abraham, those who even believe
that the call of Abraham is but a figure
signifying the souls call to the pursuit of
truth, those who believe IN the mythical
character Of the gospels, would all agree
that the Bible contains the truth of
thought though denying to it the truth
of fact
''Bui then it is great thing to be able
to utter something in large and misty
way so that the hearer or reader will be
impressed by its vastness and will be un-
able to test its truth or lack of truth. 1t
is not alone the mariner who sometimes
mistakes bank of fog for the solid
land"
The record-union., 1891-08-15
CURRENT NEWSPAPER WIT.

Husband-Let's go to the circus this
afternoon. Wife-rve nothing to wear
Husband-All right. Let's go to the
beach and go in swimming.-NewY York
Press.
"Policer' yelled a man as he rushed
into the street. you'll have to call
louder" said a bystander; 1.-The baseball
grounds are mile away. - Harper's S
BaZar.
Watts-Do you really think old Deacon
Podberry has such great faith in prayer
as he pretends to? Potts-Yes. Haven't
you noticed that he never prays for his
enemies? s?-IndianapOlis Journal.
Hyman-Your neighbors don't seem to
call on you very often, Crawford. Craw-
ford-Oh, yes, they do. Six bill collectors
and Deputy Sheriff have been here al
ready this mornlng-Chicago Saturday
Evening Herald.
"How could you have the nerve to tell
that Finks girl that her eyes reminded
gooseberries. 'Yes; but they move in
their appointed orbits, don't they."-In-
dianapolis Journal.
Miss Slim-Did you receive that vol
ume of Herbert Spencer's works that /
mailed you the other day? Mrs. Puffy
Bless me, l b'lieve [ did get package,
but ii was marked third class matter,''
81 L ulIlIl bLliiAh II COulu DG
worth looking at.
Hamlet Jones-Here's brand new hat
III give you. Smith, paid IS for it, and
never wore it once. L. Booth Smith
Why, how was that? Hamlet Jones-I
bought it just before starting out on my
successful starring tour, and mower it
doesn't fit me.-Chicago Saturday Even
ing Herald.
IT'S strange that men in thanking God
For all the best that he doth give,
Should glory i'll the right TO live.
To live is but to toll, to love;
Just moments that in cons lie
I bless thee for the right to die.
-Alita X. Brayton.
They strolled along by the summer sea,
And OF many things they spoke
Oflovc's young dream, the price of cream
And laughed at the latest joke.
He talk Of the row with Italy
Now past. and the Chilean fuss,
Then he asked: "ls reciprocity
Or free trade best for us ?"
And she said as she glanced at the stars above
While smile on herred lips played:
| Eve should have reciprocity in love,
But in kisses, think, free trade"
New York Press
The record-union., 1891-08-15

The National Baptist says: "Tae
Rambler notices an instance Of the LARGE
and imposing use of language in the fol-
I2miIlst I2cnlssted Observation-Disclosures io5ynoI 5g TIloely
Quoted by very venerable editor:
1--WE are among those who believe that
the Scripture will bear all tests that may
be fairly applied to any ancient literary
documents, and viii stand approved by
the tests as inerrant. That is to say, ii
will be found that every statement CORE
sponds TO the highest truth, the truth of
thought, as opposed TO mere truth of
fact
sHrhe first sentence of this quotation
carries with it an air of the most unim-
peachable orthodoxy. 1t seems to smite
bip and thigh all who recognize the fact
that the Bible nowhere asserts itself to be
The record-union., 1891-08-15
his Pedigree Established.

Three or four youngsters were playing
on the dock when quarrel arose.
81 amt no kid" exclaimed one, "and
you shan't call me that"
You are. too" urged the aggressor.
II amt; Pm as big as you are.''
YOU'RE kid just the same"
az amt, neither"
You are"
81 amt"
Yes you are. for / heard my pap say
your pap was regular old goat that came
home full every night. And what's q
young goat but a kid?''
Then the fight began.-Detroit Free
Press.
The record-union., 1891-08-15

Purple mountains and the deep blue
sea-of such is the fair haven of Trapani
composed The town, too, is engaging,
and by no means common haunt for the
north European in search of the gay
sunny life of the South.
No sooner had they got ashore and OBJ
tained lodging in the Golden Lion Inn,
than Mr.. Faulkner wrote letter in ci-
pher and dispatched it by special mes
senger, upon whom he impressed that his
life, or rather his pay (which was to be
abundanD, depended upon the prOmpti-
tude of its delivery.
IL was Thursday when the letter was
| dispatched. An answer might be looked
for on the Friday evening or Saturday
morning.
"WelI," said the Countess when they
were at dinner on the Thursday evening,
I'VE win have our last game, Mr.. Faulk-
ner, tonight; and prophesy to you that
you will lose. Clever men like you al
ways ruin themselves by not leaving off
in time. VIII you accept my challenger"
"Why, certainly, Countess. But why
may l not be privileged to continue trav-
cling towards Italy with your
''fo tell you the truth, Mr.. Faulkner,
for two reasons-tirst. because propose
to make an unconventional journey on
horseback to Castellamare, there to catch
the train for Palermo; and, in the second
place, because you mustn't be offended)
think our acquaintance has lasted quite
long enough
"Oh. your ladyshipr' exclaimed Marie
much shocked at this slight to so inter-