davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The advocate., 1891-05-20
GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY OF WASH
INGTON.

To the Editor Of THE ADVOCATES:
Prejudice is 80 strong and party fealty
90 binding with many Congressman that
they fall to see how any good can come
Of the Farmers Alliance. Especially
are they opposed to the Sub-treasury and
land loan measures Of the order, because
In their judgment the enactment Of such
laws would be in the nature Of class leg
islation and SAVIOR too much Of paternal-
ism. And yet here In Washington Sys-
tam Of special Legislation and of favorit-
ism is annually practiced by Congress in
the making Of appropriations for the
welfare Of the city, which, as we view it,
would fully justify both Of the measures
referred to.
This liberality toward Washington has
been exercised by the government, al
most to prodlgality for the last eighteen
years, and has resulted in the enrich
ment, mainly through these public ex-
penditures OF many individuals.
For about seventy years Washington
existed under the ordinary municipal
form Of government, alllts officers having
been elective. During this period appro-
priatlons were made by Congress, for the
benefit of the city, but not upon large
scale. In 1878 the condition Of things
morally, politically and financially be-
came 80 odorous here that Congress felt
compelled to take away the right Of suf-
frage, and pledge the government to res
cue the city from the slough Of despond
ia which it then was. The elective fran
ohise has not since been restored; the
morals Of the community have not ma
terially improved, and the debt Of the
city has been increased from eS,OO0,O00
10 about s2l, 100000 OF course the pres
The advocate., 1891-05-20

II the Mckinley bill affords such meas
ure Of protection to American manufac-
lures as to render their wares indepen-
dent of foreign competition, why are
$4,000 workingmen suffering from en-
forced idleness? The protection the
manufacturers receive should enable
them to pay their men living wages.
One of two things is true-either protec-
ton does not protect, or the protected
manufacturers oppress their employees.
Which is it?-L@wrence Record.
The advocate., 1891-05-20
THERE is MUSIC IN THE AIR.

The Alliance and Labor SOngster Endorsed
by the Ocala Council and Now Appears
I'm Music Form.
Napoleon truly said: "Let me make
the songs Of people and ! care not who
makes their laws" Ever since the first
appearance of the alliance and Labor
Songster," nearly one year ago, the de-
mand has steadily increased till It Is
probably In more general use than any
other labor songster ever published, hav-
ing reached over $4,000 in ten months.
Since the Endorsement by the several or
ganizaiions which met at Ocals, the pub
fishers are revising, enlarging and set
ting that "little harmonizer" to music in
the best style, in both paper and board
covers. In size and form 1t will resem-
BILE gospel hymns, and be sold at the fol-
lowing low prices:
Single copy paper cover. 20
Twelve copies ....,...........,. LIE
Single copy (board cover) ).............."... rs
Twelve copies "....................... $50
The index to these songsters will ena-
BILE the new revised issue TO be used
right along with the present ones In use
so none viii be out Of date. The Sc
The advocate., 1891-05-20
President N. F. A. and I.
Omcial Notice.

All official organs and friendly papers
interested and desiring the advancement
Of educational work, are hereby respect
fully requested through their columns
Ito notify all lecturers, subordinate,
county, district and state, aud all assist
ant and deputy lecturers, to file their
names and postofflce addresses with the
national lecture bureau. Address j. F.
Tillman, $50 North Capitol street, Wash
IngtOn, D. @.
The advocate., 1891-05-20
i. L. Polk
President N. F. A. and I. u.

Persons desiring to be commissioned
as national organizers Of the National
Farmers Alliance and Industrial Union
will make written application to the ma
tlonal president at Washington, D. c.,
accompanied by Endorsement Of state or
national officers as to character and quail
iacations Of applicant If they desire to
work In states having state organizations,
they will make application to the presi-
dent Of their respective states.
L. L. Polk,
President N. F. A. and /. U.
The advocate., 1891-05-20

cret Of this great demand is in the large
number OF songs set to familiar airs, so
all may join and be happy. Don't fail to
mention this paper when you write to us.
First come first served. Address H. s. L.
Vincent, Winfield, Kansas, Alliance cir
culating library publishers.
The advocate., 1891-05-20
Do You Want to Save rs TO SOC

ON EVERY DOLLAR YOU SPEND?
II 90, write for our Illustrated catalogue, con-
tanning Illustrations and prices OF everything
manufactured In the United States, at manufac-
lurers' prices 10000 illnstrafions-an lines rep
resented. Catalogue mailed free on application.
Address, mentioning this paper,
CHICAGO GENERAL SUPPLY Co..
lvs W0es Van Buren, ST., Chicago, III.
The advocate., 1891-05-20
KANSAS FARMERS ALLIANCE AND
INDUSTRIAL UNION.
OFFICIAL.
WASHINGTON, d. G., Jan. 2, 1891.

WASHINGTON, d. G., Jan. 2, 1891.
All commissions issued to national or
ganizers from this Office prior to Decem-
beF 2, 1890, are hereby declared to be
null and of no effect, unless the same
have been renewed by proper authority.
National organizers holding such COM
missions will make application to this
Office foa renewal Of the same.
r. T Dovry
The advocate., 1891-05-20

Enlg Deem DrougnC GDOuL! flrSt, unde
the plea that the government should pa,
taxes on its own property, which, so ia
as we know, 1t does not do in any othe
city, Congress sppropriates more thar
$9,6OO,OOO annually, as its share Of tn
current expenses, besides paying thu
salaries Of the local district court, help
ing to support the various charitable in
stitutions of the place, and assisting th'
city In various other ways. 1t is hardly
an exaggeration to state that the people
of the United States spend nearly $4,000
600 every year In Washington In the pay
ment of expenses, which should be
borne by the residents of the city, whose
taxes are but $3.50 on the 800 Of assess
ment valuation. And all this Ia In addi
tlon to the legitimate government expen
aitures in providing for it's own property
Now what would the people of Kansas
think IL Topeka should solicit financial
aid from the state In order to maintain
itself? Or why should the tax payers oi
Washington be considered entitled tc
such assistance any more than the farm.
ers of the country?
Again, the people Of the United States
have substantially become responsible
for the debt of Washington, amounting
to about $2l,OOO,0OO, which Is proper
tionately higher than that of New York
city, which has the largest municipal In
debtedness Of any in the country. Could
not Congress with as much propriety
guarantee the indebtedness of the farm
ers?
Besides, Washington Is practically the
recipient from the people of the country
Of all It's loans for public works and i'm
provements. When, for instance, the
City needs 100000 for any purpose, Con-
gress authorizes the payment of the
amount by the treasury, and it is charged
to the city at ~ or 5 per cent interest
There is no formslity Of a loan nor any
issue of bonds nor any security given.
Thus one sees how simple the financial
problem is TO the people Ct this favored
city, no doubts being expressed by Con
gresSmen about the constitutionality Of
such action. But when the farming
classes, In actual need, ask for q loan, nc
attention Is paid by Congress to their ap.
peal. Truly the farmers and lsborine
men bear large share of the burdens oi
the day, In order that the residents oi
Washington may enjoy their leisure
This inequality and favoritism should
be remedled, and the Farmers Alliance
should insist that it be done. But the only
effective remedy, and the one which
would most benefit the farmer Is the re.
location Of the national capital nearer
the center Of the country, where 1t will
not be 80 completely under the control Of
the eastern monopolists, who are the
farmers natural adversaries.
1t Is unfortunate for the tax payers oi
the nation that they know 80 little oi
what may be termed the the true inward
ness Of affairs In Washington. The city
does not properly represent the country
at large In any respect and 1t probably
never will. AS q community it is simpH
the reflex Of public opinion on the At
lantic coast, while the Pacific coast, with
proportionately the same amount oi
,,ltnl;tIr 70 IL ln ,oa nl,. . n0A railan nruaz.
The advocate., 1891-05-20
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.
NATIONAL FARMERS ALLIANCE AN
IMnnGTRIAL TNIMM.

Precedent. -. :. L. L. Polk, Washington, d. O.
Vice. President. B. n. Glover, Cambridge, Kan.
Secretary ..J. II. Turner, Washington, d. @.
Lecturer. ...........J. F. Willis, McLOuth, Kan.
The advocate., 1891-05-20

Forida Real Estate Journal, Arcadia,
Fla, with state map, lOc. Cheap homes.
The advocate., 1891-05-20

See FunSten's ad. on top of page eleven
The advocate., 1891-05-20
DIR. STANLEY n. BROOKS


2,
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-04-28
THE BIGGEST OF FLYING BIRDS
The Wandering Albatross and tho South
American Condor Are the Ones.

The Wandering Albatross and tho South
American Condor Are the Ones.
The biggest Of all really powerful fly-
ing birds are, / believe, the wandering
albatross and the South American con-
worthy only of the most restricted Ara
bian and nocturnal ornithology. Seen
on the wing, says writer in the Chica-
go Globe, or even with the wings ex-
panded merely, both these great exist
ing birds have Il most majestic and
colossal appearance. But feathers in
such cases are very deceptive; they
make fine birds out of very small bodies.
For example, our well-known little Eng
lish swift, which looks SO imposing in
flight as it passes overhead with pinions
poised, is hardly as big when pluclSed as
a mans top thumb joint and weighs
only half an ounce. So, too, the alba
tross, though its expanse of wing is said
to exceed that of any other known bird,
amounting sometimes to nearly ten feet
from tip to tip, does not average in
weight more than fifteen pounds, which
is just exactly the poulterer's statement
for my last family Christmas turkey.
AS for the condor, while he spans from
wing to wing some eight feet, his length
from bealS to tail is only three and
half, and doubt if he would pluck into
anything corresponding 10 his magnifi-
cent outer show-though am bound to
admit that have never personally tried
the unpleasant experiment.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-04-28
SPECIALIST OR SMATTERERq
Does 1t Pay to Take Up Special Line of
Professional Work.


Professional Work.
We often hear it said of a dabbler in
music, or in art, or in science: "Oh, she
only knows enough of that thing to talk
about it!' and the words imply a sneer
From one point of view it is trivial
attainment, and perhaps the sneer is
deserved if the knowledge has been ac-
quired simply to furnish subject of
conversation, although to be conversant
with even the jargon of study is bet
ter than to remain totally ignorant con-
corning it. Besides, she who knows the
terminology of music or art sufficiently
to talk about either intelligently can
hardly fail to pick up scraps of informa-
ton occasionally. The very fact that a
woman has cared enough for topic to
induce her to trouble herself to learn it's
phrases, argues the possibility of her ap-
preciating further knowledge, says Har-
per'S Bazaar.
After all, the matter resolves itself
into the question: For what purpose is
study, general or particular, pursued?
Is it not to widen the views, to strength
en- the mind, to deepen the sympathies?
Cannot these objects be as well achieved
by general as by particular reading or
studyP Since one cannot go to the bot
tom of everything, can she not be well
enough educated to gain enjoyment for
herself and others by taking such Sc
lected knowledge as comes in her
way? 1t is not necessary to be an
Italian scholar to be able to read and
appreciate the "Inferno," nor need one
know Greek before she can become IA
miliar with the ''Iliad." TRANSACTIONS
colations and anthologies are meant
for the help of those whose other duties
preclude their going to the fountain
head for their instruction and their en-
joyment.
AS the travel of current thought is to-
ward specialties, let the young student
just equipping for her life's work fit
herself for labor after the fashion of
the day. But the general reader whose
opportunities for work have been linn
tied need not despise her scattered
knowledge. She possesses the advan-
tage usually of having her capital avail
able. She can utilize her information
in her writing and in her conversation
after fashion that is both helpful and
entertaining to those with whom she is
thrown. 1t may be debated, indeed,
whether the general reader, the
general student, does not do more
to benefit and delight her kind at
large than does the specialist who linn
its herself to one or two branches of
study, who never reads book that does
not touch upon her speciality, who can
discuss nothing but her hobby, and who
too often makes bore of herself to all
but few sympathizers. The one-ideaed
woman has her uses, and they are i'm
portant, but may not as much be claimed
for her who is forced by events and en-
viornment to be smatterer?
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-04-28
THE WEEKLY INDEPENDENT.

THE WEEKLY INDEPENDENT.
P rblished every Sunday, and sent to any ad-
ress tpostage paid), ct the following rates,
Ysble in advance:
ne year. '-..-....-............ OO
For any period under six months, Fifty
ats per month.
Entered at the Elko, Nevada, Postofice for
through the mails as second
ass lRGil matter.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-04-28

Leaves Elko every morning at 1880
o'clock.
Arrives from Tuscarora every even
ing in time to copnect with Expnesa
trains gong both Hast end West.
Office next door 20 the kNDEPEN9-
ENR oflips.
G. f. HOLLAND, Agczt
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-04-28
G. w. GROVER,
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.

as copy, one ...S 90
ns copy. six mouths. Observation-Disclosures. OU
tor any period under six months, one dollar
&c month. Payable in advance.
slvered by carrier in Elko at IS cents O week
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-04-28
ADVERTISING RATES.

,und business principles. Apply at the Of
Tor terms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-22

10 was several hundred miles away from 8 rail-
road II IL a city of wealth and culture. Il
has the fnest-looking men and the prettiest
girls Of our sister republic. and there is no
better place than hero for the study of the
senorita in all her caprices and all her beauty.
The women Of eastern Mexico have round,
plump faces Their noses are inclined to thick
ness and their compilations are often sallow.
The girls here have features of Greek cast and
even in the markets and among the peddlers
about the plaza you find faces that might have
served rs models for Praxitiles- Their hair is
usually of q raven blackness and it grows so
luxurisntly that the average girl has locks
vhich,reach below her waist. The Mexican
woman Is very particular about her hair. She
washes II several times q week and goes from
the public bath with il streaming down her
shoulders and over her back. You will
women with their hair hanging in this way in
any Mexican city. and the custom is as common
among The rich as among the poor. The eyes
Of the Gaudalsjars girls are large. dark. liquid
and full OF soul They are frank and honest.
but by no means bold, and the maidens have all
the modesty and coyness for which the Mexi-
can girls are noted
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-22

1t 10 Better to Keep Stock Moving This
Let 1t Accumulate.

1t 10 Better to Keep Stock Moving Than
Let 1t Accumulate.
remember walking one morning. years ago,
into A. T. Stewards retail dry goods establish
ment ON Broadway while the old gentleman
was making his usual round of the various
counters, says Matthew Marshall in the New
York Sun. In the course Of it he came up to
the place where was standing. and, after hur-
riedly saluting me. he began catechising the
salesman in attendance. Taking up one arti-
Gle he said: "How much are you selling these
for?" Forty cents, Mr.. Stewart" DO they
go well?' "Not very we'll, SIR" "Put them
down to Is cents How much ore these?'
taking up another article. ..seventy-fve cents,
SIR" Are they going wellY' ''Slowly, sir"
Make them so cents. And these?" 'Sixty
cents" How do they sell at that?'' every
we'll sir" Let them stay there" And so he went
counter. Observing my amused and interested
look, he spontaneously turned to me and said:
"It is of no use to keep goods up so high that
customers will not buy them, and the worst of all
mistakes in a merchant, after he has made the
mistake Of buying Thugs which are slow of
sale, is to hold them for q market The best
way is to clear them out at any sacrifice and
lay in a better selected stock" Mr.. Stewart
knew human nature, whatever he may have
lacked in knowledge of architecture and pic
lures, and he was the prince Of shopkeep-
ers. He did not often miss suiting the taste
OF the public in dry goods, but when he did he
got out of the scrape by appealing to its avarice
Men. and more so women, dearly love bargains
and will buy things because they are cheap
when they will not buy them because they are
had learned the useful lesson that little loss at
the beginning is preferable to a great one at
the end, and made his losses as he did his
profts small and quickly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-22
Candies Which VIII Not Keen Well.

Candies Which Will Not Keep Well.
Confectionery Clerk in the St. Louis Globe democrat
suppose some people think candy is a COM
modify that lasts all the year round suppose
it may be true that some Of the cheap pedlers'
stands contain candy that has seen honorable
service, SO far as length Of time is concerned.
But the taste in candy changes like any other
fashion, and the dealer in candy finds that his
wares are not salable all the year round. and
that he must accommodate his stock to the
demands of the seasons. For instance,
hard candies are cold weather candies. and
the demand for them Is greatly diminished
In the warm weather. For one thing it is
impossible TO display hard candies in warm
weather, because they grow sugary and do not
retain their flavor or color After they have
been kept couple of days they immediately
begin TO change, and the transformation is
very rapid. Lemon drops, butter scotch and
most OF the hard molasses-made lobules and
cubes find no sale in summer. ANYTHING that
Is made up with nolasses does not last yery
long when the weather is warm. Marshmallows
and chocolates are good summer candy and are
always in pretty general demand Cream bon
6ons keep very well in the hot months, and the
fruit candies come out with the flowers and de-
part with the summer. The softer candy drops
are sold in summer, and there is a
particular kind Of candy that is sold nearly
altogether in the months Of July and
August Sometimes they find market earlier
and later, but not often. There are more men
who buy candies than women az rule. don't
know whether this holds true OF all districts and
l should say that 1t didn't in the shopping dis
trict but in the business portion Of the city you
would be surprised to find how many men make
candy u part of their luncheon. Not only is
the practice prevalent among the young clerks,
but the steady old business men, who wouldn't
be supposed to care anything for sweets, are
quite hopeless victims Of the candy habit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-22
That Lake in the Desert.

from the San Frencisco Chronicle.
Tanned and bronzed by heat and the glare of
the sun in one of the hottest places on earth,
George W. Durbrow. manager of the salt works
at Salton, has come to San Francisco for
breath of cooler air and brief rest. The dav
before 1 left Salton," said Mr. Durbrow. ..the
water in the marsh-lake if you prefer-sud-
denly ceased to rise. Undoubtedly there ia
still an inflow, but I think il is lust about
counterbalanced by evaporation The salt
works are shut down and stand in shallow
sheet OF water, averaging at that point from
eighteen inches to two feet in depth The
mill ID not flooded. but is simply surrounded
by water The Salton lake. as it is called.
is about ten miles long by three wide. and
has an average depth Of two and a half
feet In the lowest part of the basin there il
four feet OF water Shortly before left the
basin tested the water and found the SATIN
ration of saline mc.ters-sulphste of soda
and common salt-to be 10 per. cent You
see, there is crust of sulphate of soda eight
ten inches thick all around the basin. and
then a deposit OF salt. Under this is twenty
feet Of mud, containing at least 10 Der cent Of
water, which is satursted with saline substances
up to "a per cent. The heat in the Salton basin
is something frightful. When the sun is shin
ing brightly one can endure it, as perspiration
evaporates Immediately, but just wait till a
and you will know what It is to Be hot In full
sunlight the surface Of the lake is dazzling and
binding. When the sun is obscured for few
minutes you can see great clouds of vapor
rising over all the expanse-that is evapora-
ton. took a Thermometer and investigated
the other day. Close to the Shore in shallower
water, it was 100 degrees. diminishing to lO5
and l02 in greater depths. The railway tracks
and the fills are perfectly safe, think. From the
point OF the track nearest the lake to the
waters edge is about 1000 feet, and in this
there is rise Of ten feet. Besides the en-
bankment is six feet six inches higher, SO
there must be Q rise of nearly seventeen
feet more before the rails could be
wet: The popular belief that the overflow has
made lake out Of dry land is away Oh. Salton
basin is a very damp marsh and is a. much
water as mud. This is not the first time have
seen lake in the basin. About four years ago
We had heavy rains and tremendous cloud
burst and in seven hours there was two and q
half feet Of water all over the marsh. OF
course, though, it soon evaporated II has been
published that the railway runs over q thin
crust at Salton and 10 liable to drop ont Of sight
Really, 1t does nothing Of the kind. I put down
well near the track three hundred feet through
the toughest clay ever SOW"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-08-22

The common people, the poems or the
peasants Of Mexico, have customs of their own,
and, as far as 1 can sec, they have as strong a
love for each other as any people in the world.
1 meet many young man and woman every
where go walking along hand in nand or with
the arm OF the man thrown around the waist of
the woman, and the two looking into each
other 9 eyes as lovingly as ever Romeo gazed at
Juliet. Some Of the Indian girls are very pretty,
and their fine Aztec features shine like the face
OF the Madonna ont of their blue rebosas
which they drape 80 picturesquely around their
heads and shoulders. They do not care much
for dress but their costume, consisting OF this
shawl. chenlise and skirt. though very plain.
Is by no means unbecomlng, and they form one
OF the most attractive features of the popula-
ton. The women are said to be very true to
the men, and though marriage is often too ex-
Pensive luxury for them to indulge in they
live together as true to one another as though
they had been tied by the church and the
court. Both man and woman work to support
the family, and here, as in America the woman
often does the most OF the work She literally
makes the bread Of the family, and great part
OF her life is taken up in bending over a stone
and rolling or grinding tortilias. Out of In
dian corn soaked in lime water she makes the
mush for the corn cakes of the family. and her
life is certainly one Of hardship, though it
seems to be one Of love.
FRANZ G. CARPENTER