The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1891-10-23
CLIFF JEWELLERS or ARIZONA.
A Fine Collection Of Relies, showirs
Their Life and Habits.

OF Nhturnl l1lStOfN, hb ccNeHt9 -tiShth
street and Eighth avenue, the other after
noon showed u reporter an exceedingly
interesting collection which was received
at tile museum within few days, 1t rs
an assortment of over 1900 distinct speci-
mems illustrating the mode Of life and Of
DEATH Of the ancient Pueblo Indians.
The collection was made and donated to
tile museum By Dr. Edgar A. hlearns,
assistant surgeon in tile United States
army, now stationed Mt Fort Verde, A.
N. Here he has been for nearly three
years, and has occupied himself with
searching for and exploring the wonder
full cliff dwellings, and other ancient re-
mains so common instIlat region. The
collection which he llils sent on to the
museum Ii exceedingly fine and interest
ing IL embraces articles illustrating the
art Of war as carried on by these ahorigi-
nal inhabitants Of America, their various
domestic manufactures their manner Of
hunting and the food upon which they
lived.
From the great depth at which TIE
articles were found the immense lapse
of time since these villages were in active
operation and leeming with life, may 10
estimated Some Of the articles were
found ut depths ranging from t~o to slx
feet in the caves they were covered wisa
dust and guano formed by the mllionsof
bats which inllabit these dreary recesses.
while out in the open plain, they were
covered with Volcanic dust and scoria
washed down from the neghborilg
heights, The caves nre situated fur W
I sometimes hundreds 81 feet) on the sides
Of the CANYONS in which all the streainsef
that region are found. They are prob
ably artificial aud were made by. tlle
ancient inhabitants MS projections against
wild beasts and their human enemies.
Among tile most interesting specimens
in tile collection just received are seven
4 large luva or sandstone 'mortars, chilled
metates by the Indians Of the present
day. They were and are still nsed by
the modern Mexicans for grinding corn
(maize), preparatory TO making It into
cakes, The method Of grinding WIS
exactly similar 60 thai Of the common
mortar and pestle. But the chief in
terest attaching To them Is their great
size, several ucing one and half or two
feet in length and foot in thickness;
also the unusual depth to which they
have been followed or se0oped out This
depth shows the unrcmittng toll, energy
and patience Of this primitive race, who,
with Int another stone MS u tool, gradu-
ally followed ont, by hours and days Of
labor, block Of stone Of the hardest
kind to n depth Of several inches, Each
mortar is accompanied b. several pestles,
also made Of lava. sandstone, and some
Of greensboro, u variety Of lava
n Another exceedingly interesting set Of
specimens are tile axes. Of which there is
large number Of examples. Among
them are a few which Professor Bick-
more states he considers p be probably
miiuue. These ARE stone buttle axes,
with d pointed end like an aWl, instead
Of the usual flat edge, In the collection
IL an assortment Of cloth fabrics, and
among them is q needle, found in piece
| Of the cloth. This, unlike our modern
needles, although yet very sharp, is Of
wood, being nothing more or less than
. the sharp. needle like leaf Of d member
Of the pine family Of trees. The thread
is still in position just as il was left by
some aboriginal lady Of fashion, long
since dead and gone
Besides these articles already noticed,
I the collection includes pieces Of wicker
/ and bJhket work, almost as i came from
the hand Of the maker, specimens Of corr
o grains aud cobs, ends bone avis audpins
0 stone arrow md spear points, fashioned
d both from snliulcrs uf 6hsidiau tyocanit
y glass and from chalcedony hammers
arrow sharpeners, stone knives ant
many other articles made boti
from stone and bone, who's
n uses are sometimes not who'll,
clear even TO tue skilled archmOlogist
Among the various tools there Is Q small
round piece Of wood, whicS Professo
!, Bickmore explained was evidently in
u tended 10 produce llre. ~ spit pun.
stick, being insertedin hole in the frs
piece Of w~nd and quickly twirled back
ward andforward, The rapid motion 500
sets IL aiire.
n Besides the corn and seeds the food Q
the ancient Pucblos is also shown by
large assortment Of bones some whole
y some fractured. and some mere splinters
r When found they were in srcha positio
and condition as TO show that they wer
the remains Of feasts. Other bones, sue
!, as those Of man. have also sometime
4 \ become mixed with them. Some Of tn
7 animals whose bones can b recognize
ii are the elk. mule deer, antelope, beavel
81 spermophile and gopher (both species {
rat), turtle, snake, turkey, cottontail an
jack rabbit, mouse, musqnash, andman
Others. New York Evening Sun.
aNt
oa Working In Mustard Mil.
' n i 1. 4 II