davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30
OVERTIME PAY UNDER THE NEBRASKA LAW

OVERTIME PAY UNDER TIE NtBhHohH Hf"'
Chicago, July 90 tspecla)-A curious discovery mas
been made by the railroads concerning the law recently
passed bv the Nebraska Legislature, commonly known
MS the Eight Hour law Section OF that law reads
Any employer or corporation working their employees
over tho time specified In this act shall pay, rs extra
compensation double the amount per hour as paid per
previous hour The intention undoubtedly was that
the rate OF pay per hour for overtime should be double
that per hour for the regular eight hours tme Du
owing 10 the verbal construction OF the sentence pay Is
n Increase in geometrical progression doubling each
hour Thus snpposing an employe to be receiving
II 90 or Is cents an hour for eight hours work. his
nay overtime would be for the ninth hour 80 cents
Tor the fonth hour 90 cents for the eleventh h0ur
81 90 and on. such an Interpretation VI ''i0 iA'
would ruin the railroads.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

Tribune Onice July 20. a. m-Pertly cloudy weather
preaad Yesterday with In the early morning The
humidity was excessive being 10 at y. and SO at
midnight The temperature ranged between 81 and -
do-ree. the average (097s) being i lower than on the
corresponding day year and i lower than 90 Tuesday
In and ner this todpy there VIII probably be partly
claudy nucgy weather With shower, and slight thermal
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

THE c.. II. AND D. TO SETTLE THE CLAIMS
DAYTON Ohio, July 20SuIcrntendent Nelson OF the
Cincinnati Hamilton ard Dayton Railroad hed conference
h la, evening with the road physicians and attorneys
and directed that advances looking TO compromise be made
toward families Of the Killed and 70 the forty people who
wore Injured the excursion wreck at Mldaleto"h Sa
pfoh
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30
FOR THE sEAsHoRE BY THE SANDY HOOK ROUTE

Leave New.York, Pier 8, y. r.. for Highland Beach,
seabrght, Monmouth Beach and Long Branch at 80
10 AS a u, IL m. II p. m. Saturdays only; AS,
a 30 80 p. M; sundays, 80 a. m. p. m.
For Atlantic Highlands, 80, a. m; /, 343,
4 80, 5: 80 D. m. sundays, . 30 a M, p. m.
For Elberon, Asbury Park. Ocean Grove, Point
Pleasant. ETC., 0A5 a. m. Il p. IN. Saturday only,
3;45, 4 30, 5 30 . IA.
.iilRa Route.
Leave New-Yorh, Central Railroad Of New-Jersey
foot Libery-st., ". r., for Red Bank, Long Branch
Asbury Park, Ocean Grove, Spring Lake, Point
Pleasant etc, at 30, 10, IL 10 a. m Il 20 D. H.
saturday only, 80, us, 30, 4, & 80, 5 80
D. m. SUNDAYS except Asbury Park and Ocean
Grove, 0 rs. IL 80 a. m. p. IN. =,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30
THE BIG FOUR STRIKE ENDED.

Springfield, Ohio, July 29.-The Big Four switch
mems strike here was settled this morning. inc
men are to 20 TO work at the old pay and the freight
blockade will be raised tomorrow. The company re-
fuses TO take two of the strikers back.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30
A sUpERsEDEAs IN THE BRIDGE CASE DENIEI

A SUPERSEDEAS IN THE BRIDGE CASE DhNll'o'
Omaha, Eeb. July 20.-Justce Brewer to-day dehi2a
the annlicatlon for supesedeas in the Rock Ishnd-
Union Pacific bridge case and made decree requiring
the specific performance Of the contract ana command
Ing all officers and employees Of tie companies con-
cerned to refrain from in any manner interfering win
the prompt enforcement Of the terms OF contract inc
request of the Rock Island that the rules OF the Union
Pacific be allowed govern in the movement OF trains
until other rules and schedules could be prepared was
denied The effect Of the denial probably only delays
Rock Island and Milwaukee trains from crossing tho
bridge until next Saturday, by that time new sched
ules can be prepared by the operating department OF
the roads interested and in Of disagreement the
contract provides that 1t shall be settled by aroraoTS
When the decree was signed the court Instructed tho
clerk not to enter it upon the records until the Union
Pacific had filed Its notice OF appeal ana Dill OF eAcep
tons as It had given notice Of 90 doing
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30
RAILROAD INTERESTS.
HARVEST EXCURSION RATES DECIDED UPON

HARVEST EXCURSION RATES DECIDED OrO4'
Chicago, July 20.-Charman Finley handeo uo"n
another decision to-day, Diminishing charges maze W
Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe against the hooA
land Complaint made that ticket issneu pS UlS
latter road from Chicago to Denver, was pici'a'.U
from city broker May for @2s co. the 'arl i.'o
being $50 65. As tho ticket bore the stump OK u,V
local Office OF the Rock Island and was de"u npln
o. IL was argued that tho reduced rate must nave
made With the knowledge and consent OF te oi''"i9
Of that road Chairman Finley decided that inc c'' b.
was not sustained.
The Western Passenger Association met To-Day IL!
special session and took final action on the question
harvest excursion rates for the OF 1891. Inc
ARRANGEMENTS made were In conformity Win thoSo "a
the transmlssourl lines which decided 10 give tnIeo
such excursions the dates for which were hAeu lor
August 25 september 10 and 20. Tickets Will 20 So'u
at one and one third fares for the round trip
Another matter before the meeting was conpIaiho
against the Chicago st. Paul and Kansas CITY han
road for transferring the baggage OF Its through pas
scncers from its own station in Kansas CITY 10 the
baggageroom of its Western connections free OF chafse
The Maple Leaf has not yet obtained entrance 70 INC
Union station at that point, and the frcc ufisioa
baggage Is device 10 place Itself on an equaA'i wiz
its competitors. Chairman Finley ruled thaI ~ was
justified in doing so. but some Of the dscohOe'c1 i
took an appeal from his decision
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30
crvrpA1 MANAGER RESIGNS.

San Francisco July 2o.-D. b. Robinson. general
manager of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad has re-
signed TO take effect August 10 lie VIII assume
charge Of the San Antonio and Arkansas PaSs hahroad'
x II. wade will probably succeed Mr.. Robinson
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

The Passenger Committee of the western Traffic AS
socIation will meet at Cape May to-day. 1t is thought
nrobabe that the Joint passenger agency at the barge
RRf8ca Win bo filled by appointment at this meeting
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

In the diagram a continuous line shows the barometer
rucuatons ,o-terday. observed at the Unlted Stcs
signal service Station this city The dan Indicate
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

TIE NJ, X. AND T. TO REDUCE IT'S FohCE.
Kansas City, July o0.-A special from sedalia MO-,
saws: Tie management Of the Missouri, Kansas ana
Texas Railroad have given notice OF reduct"h III
the force Of employees the road and in the Office for
to,e effect August H. Several hundred men VIII be-
Lot out
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30
GENERAL ECHOFIELD AND HIS BRIDE.

Chicago, July o0-Major-General John N. schofed
and wife arrived here to-day from the West They
left here this evening for the East They are In the
If health.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

To 9th Ave. shoppers. -
Riker's soda water II Just 700 io'ey' ~" ADo"
afkeY's. ethaye- and 22oss
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

Take the New.York Central for Adirondack Mountain
resorts. bee timetable
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-07-30

Williams of Alfred University; Miss Carrie M@uo 81
Pennock, OF New-York, and Alfred Willams' "a
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10
eaD,xAscE Sos.

An ordinance 10 declare any person
guilty OF Q miedemeanor who shall suffer
any poultry 20 run nc large within fhs
limits OF the city oi Albany and 10 pro,
vide punishment for such olFense, and
10 define what shalt be deemed running
at large Of poultry within said city.
The people Of the city OF Albany do
ordain as follows:
Section /. Hereafter II any person
who 10 the owner, or who has the con-
troll or possession Of any poultry, shall
suffer such poultry TO run at large with
In the limits OF the city OF Albany, such
person shall be deemed guilty OF mis-
demeanor and upon conviction thereof
before the Recorders court shall be
fined in sum OF not less than $500 nor
more than 5000 or be imprisoned in
the city Jail not less than CD DAYS nor
more than (lW days.
Section 2. Any poultry, at any time
hereafter, found running on any premises
In the city OF Albany, 70 which premises
the owner, or person In possession or
control, at the time, OF such poultry,
has no right OF possession or permission
or authority from the owner or person
In possession or control OF such premises,
allowing such poultry 10 run thereon,
shall Tor the purposes Of this ordinance
be deemed TO be running at large in the
city Of Albany.
Section 3. This ordinance shall be In
full force and effect from and after five
days from Its approval by the mayor.
Passed by the council March 80, 1891.
Approved by the mayor April 3, 1891,
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10
SAME OLD MISTAKE.

The new tariff went into operation ca
April Ist. II y as a bright day here. Va
got up early 10 look for "tisaste,s dlre''ane
'.horrors innumerable," bot were disap
poinied. rhe morning looked just ike
yesterday only not quite so cold Il was
colder for Mckinley las, fail. Il was !
coed day for gardening but We could see
no politics in Is.-Gmnt'e Pass Courier
Here Is an effort to defead "proieelion-
Ism" as expounded by Mckinley. II Is no.
strange that every such etfsrt should be
founded on fallacy or false assumption OF
some Kind. Tne truth Is that the new
tariff went Into eiiee. the 9th day Of las,
October followed BY a remarkably coli
wave IN November
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

MIR Mckinley defeat seems 10 have re-
iieved him, In his own mind of the obliga-
tion which Ills position and his reputation
formerly imposed, of keeping within sight
of the truth In his public uiterances.
In his speech at Worcester, Mr. McKin-
ley repeated the ridiculous falsehood that
'the foreigner paysthe duty" AT Boston
he had the temerity 10 say that .there is
not single article that is higher because
of the tariff OF 1890"
Mr. Mckinley Of course knows that this
Is not true, and there Is not merchant,
an intelligent man or "shopping woman
In the country who does not know 1t to be
untrue.
II is impossible TO advance the average
duty from IS to 60 per cent, as Mr. Nc
Kinely has admitted that his tariff bill did,
without causing an advance In prices. In
ported woolen clothing, domestic and
foreign carpets, linens, knit goods, gloves,
hosiery, glassware, cigars and hundreds OF
other articles are higher because of the
tariff.
The increased duties had no other iogi-
cal or avowed purpose than to compel I'M
porters of foreign manufactures to charge
more aud to enable domestic manufacture
ers to do SO. Without this, protection
does not protect. And did not Mr. McKin.
ley declare from the stump last year that
he ''despised cheapness," " and defend higher
prices as indicative of prosperity
Has Mr. Mckinley lost his head as well
as his seat Ia congress?--New York World
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10
4 THOUSAND MILLIONS.

| The expenditures ofihc last congress aggfe
gate over one thousand millions OF dollars
Not only has The treasury surplus been scatter
ed. bat With increased taxes on most of ih
neeessaties ot business and oflfe, and with
forced loan of over ffy millions from eacfe,
trust for the redemption Of bank mites, III,
treasury Is now certain TO present deheit o
from fifty 10 eighty millions At tie close Of tLs
coming fiscal year.
Whsn Il Is considered that The expenditure
Of The last congress exceed the entire expendi-
lures oftbe first bali century of the government
including the eosi Of Of the second war with
England, and that the entire expenditures Of
the nation when Mr. Lincoln became president
did not exceed sixty mllionI yeas, or one
hundied and twenty millions bg each congress,
the fall measure Of the bewidering proHigaey
Of the last congress may be appreciated
Think Of single congress at tie close Of
Century Of free government expending more
than The entire public expenditure during tie
first half Of the century. including ihe sxcep-
tional cost Of prniracied wsr 3i,b England
But The last congress was not eonieat with
the expenditure of thousand millions. In
ado iiion 10 that appalling waste Of pubic
money, Il loaded ibe natien with another tleus-
and millions Of debt that must be paid 10 shape
Of future pensions, subsidies, boanties. etc.
The true record Of The last congress is, there
fofe, one thousand millions actually appfopri-
ated for immediate expenditure and anolhe
thousand millions Of deb loaded upon future
congresses in addition 10 The legi innate expeh-
es Of the government.
The first republican congress under presiden
Lincoln had little over one hundred millions 0
revenue exclusive Of ioans-or 10 be precise.
he revenue was s4i,476, ,aoo in 1861 and ssI. |
pig. 76f in fS6z-and the entire expenditure Of
1861, the Grsi year Of Lineoln's presidency,
ncIuding interest on public debt, was. 10 exact
hgutes s66, ,6so,zI3. The last republican con
;ress. in time Of pesee, has expended over
,ne thousand millions and added thousand
Millions more 10 the ordinary expenditures Of
he future. With such record of jobbiag
md proaigaey. ii would seem reasonable 10
lssume lhal the nation Las had the last repab-
iean congress Of our history Philadelphia
TG,s<a.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10
pl.order. sl.as nnee. the K,an.,,

Are among the mos formidable knowo Di-
abetes, Bright's disease. gfaYel and other
complaints Of the urinary organs are NOT or
dinArily cured In severe cases, but they may
be ayeited by timely meditation. A useful
stimalant Of The urinary glands has ever
BEEN found in 9ostetier's Stomsch Bitters.
. medicine which not only affords the xq-
uisite stimulas when they become inactive,
but increases their vigor and secreiive pow
sr. BY decreasing the activity Of the kidneys
aud bladder, this mhdicine has the addition
al effect OF expeliing from the blood impur-
tiles which it is the peculiar Office OF these
organs to eliminate and pass Of. The Bit
ters Ia also purifier and strengthener Of the
bowels, 40 inyigorator OF the stomach, and
q matohless remedy for biliousness and fever
and sgue. 1t Eounterscts tendency TO pre-
mature decay. and sustsins and comforts the
aged amp iEfrm.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10
woHru cexsuDEarse.

E. 81. Freeeh keeps railroad time.
lssw cream cheese just received at coLsad
Meyers.
Have yon secn those parlor suits that 7
Briak has just Feeeivedi They are nice.
Great reelection inmsa's furnishing goods
for The neIs 30 days At w + Reads.
w Bentley. best boot aud shoe MAX Or In
city, sareo doors north Of DKMocRar Office.
Wssn.ng. 50c dazeu, inending for men
fiee.at Mira Kings, Just east Of the DExocRAr
office.
Will & Stark have jast received large
and elegant stock Of lilysrware, watches,
etc, never before tqualled 10 this city.
EW Aehison q Co hardle toe celebrated
Portland cement walls for cemetery lots.
These walls can be furnished st half tho coat
Of any other and are Tar superior.
Brighten up your old rabbers and old
shoes and make them look as good as psw
with VOLTS Acme Waterproof Polish. For
sale ae Samuel Z YOuuQ,s.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

Edwards, one Of the murdcrers OF the
Fredericksen family Al Seaiand, Wash,
Is certainly villain of the deepest dye,
He Is said TO be an Odd Fellow, and high
In standiug as Mason, having served as
q delegate to various convtn,ions, though
this did not help him at his trial, as there
were four Odd Fellows and three Masons
among the jurors who convicted hin, ani
some Of the witnesses against him were
Masons. This statement. IL correct, gives
the lie to those who assert positively that
Masonry protects inurdere.s -Ex.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

New England holds about sIoo, eco o
western farm mortgages. Vermont and New
Hampshire exceed any siales in this class o.
securities. the savings banks OF The iorme,'
state having invested sixty per cent, Of thei.
deposits in this class Of securities, whiie the
New Hampshire savings banks hold nearly
Sac, ,oco. 600 Of western securities. The Mass
achusetts savings banks are not allowed by law
to hold these mortgages. We wish all ou'
New England swings banks were more wiil-
ing 10 loan money al moderate rates Of interest
70 applicants nearer home.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10
.Tag WORLDS POPULATION.

Few are aware Of the vast number of
people tha, can be placed on small tract
of ground. When We speak Of millions oi
men we are apt TO picture 10 ourselves an
almost boandisss mass oi humanity; yet a
million OF people, standing closely toge,h
er, each not occupying more than four
square feet. could be placed on patch but
little more than third Of mile square.
A square mile will moda,e ! .o6s,ooo.
At that rate the whole population Of the
United States would hardly cover three
miles square. aud the whole population Of
the world, could stand on two townships,
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

Few people can fsrm definite idea ofwhat
is involved in the expression: ''An inch ofrain.
II may aid such to follow this curious calcula-
ton: An acre is equal to 6,a7a, ,64o square in
ches; an inch deep Of water on this area vii
be as many cubic inches oi water, which, al
aa7 to the gallon, is $4,000 gallons. This
immense gu nifty Of water viii weigh aao,ooc
pounds, or 100 tons. 0ne-hundredth Of an
inch alone is equal TO one ton Of water to The
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

The republican Journals are face to face
with divided duty. If they attempt to
show that the Mckinley tariff has adj
vanced prices, and so protected" Ameri-
can manufacturers, the consumers are up
In arms. If, on the contrary, they show
that prices are lower than before the pas
sage of the act, the manufacturers viii in-
sist they have been etakcn IN and done
for.n and may here after refuse to furnish
the sinews of war.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

A sure cure for the whisky habit: DR.
Livingston's Antidote for Drunl enness will
cure any case Of the liquor nabit in from ten
to thirty days, from the moderate driuker ia
the drunkard. The Antidote can be given
10 cap OF coffee without the knowledge sI
the person taking il. The Antidote viii moi
injure the health in any way. Manufactured
Ly the Livingston Chemical Co., Portland,
Oregon CT from ] A Cumming. sole agsna
AlbanY.I
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

!. THURSDAY.
Hon. r A Watts, Of Albina, Is In III
city.
Mr. Lee, representing the Portland Wori,
, is in the city looking after the interests o
'. that paper. Tho World u faithful repfo
sentative Of democitic principles.
!, FRIDAY.
Editor Dugger, ofihe SeIo Press, Il Ii
the city.
DR. GuIss. Of woodburn, 10 In the cit,
on business.
I Mrs Ira Phelps and child, Of Halsey
are In the city, the guests Of Mr. Il {
Phelps.
i Hon JefI Meyers will leave in few DAYS
on a trip east. going to Washington City
among other places.
Mr. Ed Schmeer left this morning for
| Crook county, by way OF The Dailes, 10
look after his stock interests there.
o p Coshow and wife, Of Brownsville,
were IN the city today on their way home
from Salem.
Mr. John o Goltfa, Of Portland. Is In the
city, called here BY the dangerous illness
OF his father.
MIss Bellrole Kirkpatrick and Mas
Maud Raisson were yIsldng Mrs T.ot,le
Raisiun Of Albany, the fret Of the week.
Lebanon Express.
Mr. w l. Jester. s p agent, has accepted
the agency OF the Fidelity and Casualty
Co., OF New York. Travellers shoaid take
out q policy In II.
A d woodin and II A Warner arrived
In the city yesterday from the Santiam
mines, coming by way Of Sweet Home.
MIR Woodin IL very enthusiastic over the
prospects there.
knecht & MeiseF. recenciiy OF Olympia,
WASH, have arrived In the city with their
families, and win open q dsy goods store
Ia the Senders building opposite Stewart
Y Soxt. They come well spoken Of as
business men, and for the purpose Of MAX
log this city their home.
DR. John A Geisendorfer returned thin
morning from Sc Louis, where he has
just graduated from the Marion Sims
Medical College, with high ionors, re-
ceiylng the second prize for general ex-
cellcnce In ella Of fifty, an unexpected
honor, a. he was not aware of there be-
Ing any prizes, and had made no extra
effort In the matter. The Doctor return
ed by way Of the 3. p, nrst visiting
Florida and other Southern states. lie
win locate at Aahland with DIR ] II Hall,
and the nRSocRAT unhesitatingly recon-
mends him 70 the people OF that city as
reliable young man, with remarkably
bright prospects.
SATURDAY.
Remember the dancing school at the
opera house tonight.
The ladies OF the Congregational church
viii give sociable at the church parlors
on Friday evening. April 10Th.
Alex RennIe, Of Salem, has accepted
the position OF book keeper Of the Al
bany Iron Works ard win make Albany
his home.
Geo w Hochstedler returned this
noon from several days drumming cx.
pedition through Linn and Lane
counties.
Dir. Jason Wheeler returned last even
ing from trip TO stayton. where Mrs
Wheeler remained for O short vislt with
her daughter, Mrs DR. Kitchen. Con.
siderable sickness prevails there,
w II Davidson who was In Albany
three years ago. with his brother, giving
tight rope exhibitions, IL again in the
city and this afternoon gave one Of his
performances between the Finn and
McIiwain blocks. He In accompanied by
his wife, TO whom he was married about
year ago In Texas. His brother has
been running fish market In Salem for
about year.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

The progress which has been made in the
various branches Of electricity in this country
can only be appreciated by comparing It witt
other countries. france, which is supposed
10 be one Of the most progressive countries ia
Europe. has only about $4,000 telephones in
use, while the United States has 100000.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

The rates Of taxation in the counties of
e astern Oregon are as follows for 1891
Harney, Io as.3s mills; Wasco, as; Grant,
a8 1895: WaIlowa, rs; Baker, a. Union,
AZ; Malheur, ao IS IS; Umatilla, asa Gil
liam, II 1875. and Shermsn, 40.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

The waters are a sure and safe q ciB.
Ter kindsof female troubles ar, w'!i
reno, all obstructions to the mon,, y
period no matter what the cause. TIts
are j. iiwhat every woman necdi al :
can be ised with safety. For sale III
Livingstone Chemical CO., also from y
sole agent, ] A Cumming, druggist, Bi,
berg b Ock, ALBANY, Oregon.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1891-04-10

Between 1860 and 1890 the population Q
the United States increased from 100000
to 81, ooo, 900, or just 100 per cent. In the
same period the annual expenses Of the gov
ernment have increased from 100000. 900 10
$500, ,ooo, 900, o. nearly 300 per cent. Il is nc
wonder that President Harrison regards the
ate congress as remarkable"