The sun., 1891-07-26
iaown a. tn. second crusade His count.

known - the second crusade. HIS count.
ship was left under the government
OF his wife Theresa, who, luckily for his sub
jects. was singunrly able woman. Beautiful
and accom- plisted the idol OF poets and mu-
sicians. accustomed to crafty her passions
| but capable oil feeling and inspiring the deep-
| est dev votion. she prepared herself during her
| husb ,nd's absence for u o longer regency OF
! her widowhood. and aimed Il rom tho outset to
| mako the Portuguese mobiles regard them
| solves not as Gallic!ans but rs Portuguese.
and 10 encourage the burghcrs OF her towns
In ideas OF municipal Independence which. for
their ultimate sanction, would re iuire the in
! dependence OF the nation. 1t is noteworthy
that on the return OF Count Henry tho citizens
OF Coimbra refused to admit him within their
gates until he had confirmed tho privileges
granted to them by Donna Theresa. The last
years OF Count Hcnry's life were wasted In the
inlernecine wars between Queen Urraca. to
whom Al onso VI. had left all OF his posses
sions and the disappointed claimants. Hence
forth. up TO 1140 the countship Of Portugal
was ut least nominally heli in vassalage to
Queen Urrara and to her son Alfonso VII.
who were rulers OF Gallicia as well rs OF Leon
and OF CASTLE.
1t was duting the long regency OF the Count
ess Theresa that the Portuguese began to cease
to call themselves Gallicians In both Roman
10 huu 1OIulC tluleS mo " oNluCo VA hoo
extended from the Bay OF Bscay to the Tagus.
and no distinction had been made between tho
Galliclans Of the north and south. In the
effort to create such distinction. Donna The
resa was warmly seconded not only by the
burghers OF the towns. but also BY tho clergy;
she encountered opposition. however. among
the mobiles. most OF whom owned groat estates
In both Galicia and Portugal. and were. there
fore. naturally averse to q separation which
would make them feudatories to two different
lords, and often oblge them. In case OF dis.
putes between their su2erains. to sacrifice ono
OF their properties. On the other hand. the
Portuguese Bishops. being suffragans Of the re-
constructed Archbishop OF Braga owed no obe-
dience to any Galician prelate: indeed. they
were especially hostile to the wealthiest OF
them. the powerful Bishop OF the great pilgrim
city OF Santiago da Campostolla. 1t was the
policy OF the Archbishop OF BraGa to promote
the independence OF Portugal. for 1t was bet
ter Tor him to be the head OF the Church IL an
important countshp than merely ono Of tho
Archbishops in the kingdom Of Gallicia.
1t was characteristic OF Donna Theresa. as
OF many another great lady Of her time. that
the susceptibility which assured to her the
devotion Of the mobiles proved In the end a
snare to her own feet. Leading her forces
into Gallicis, in 1ll6. to cooperate in a rising
time Don Fernando Peres de Trava. with
whom she fell passionately in love. and whose
history was for the future to be linked with
hers Some years, indeed she managed to
pass In peace and quiet In the constant COM
psny OF her lover. whom she made Governor
Of Coimbra and Oporto and Count Of Trssta-
mare: while to his elder brother she gave tho
hand OF her second daughter by Count Henry
and the Governorship OF Viseu. Tho careers
OF Donna Theresa and OF her half sister. Queen
Crraca. were curiously similar. Queen Urraca
showered favors on her lover. Don Pedro dc
Lara. until her young son. Alfonso Raimundes
tafterward Alfonso VIII. revoted against her:
while Donna Theresa. with equal blindness.
devoted herself to Don Fernando Peres. and
thus aroused the hatred Of her son. Alfonso
Henrioues. who In 1928. raised an army with
the declared intention OF expelling his mother
and her lover from tho country. In battle
which ensued Donna Theresa was defeated
and taken prisoner. and soon afterward was
banished. After her expulsion she wandered
about with Don Fernando In tho mountains OF
Galicia until her death. In poverty. in 113O.
Her body was brought back to Portugal
and buried beside that of Count Henry.
her husband. in the cathedral OF BraRa.
whore both are reverenced by modern
Portuguese as the founders Of their country's
Independence. 1t is true that she had seldom
ventured to call herself queen. but she never
took any title smaller than that Of infsnta and
che laid the foundation for tho extension OF
Portugal toward the south By encouraging the
settlement Of the semi-relicious. semi-
military orders on the frontier. Her attach.
mont to Fernando Peres may have made her
dsviate from tho path she should have fol-
lowed as Regent OF Portugal. but 1t scarcely
makes her less interesting character in the
eyes OF posterity. To political instincts and
capabilities for governing. which rank her
among the most remarkable women OF the
middle ages: to manly courage which
inspirad her to lead her soldiers in per-
son to the fight. and enabled her to
Withstand q Moorish siege. she Joined the
most feminine OF qualities that OF nbso-
Lutte devotion to the man she loved. II shs
loved greatly. she was greatly punished. and
her death may be held to atone for the favor
she bestowed upon the possessor Of her heart
Horny and Donna Theresa. who began to reign
In l125 at tho age OF seventeen. Is one OF the
heroes OF medieval chronicles. He united
his fathers restless and chivalrous valor with
his mothers political ability When he sue
ceeded to the government OF Portugal 1t was
still generally regarded. In spite OF Thsresa's
sslf-assertion. as county Of Gallicia. but after
nearly sixty years OF In ,essant fighting he be-
Queathod to his son powerful little kingdom.
whose independence was unauestioned. and
whose fame had been spread abroad by the
victories Of Its first monarch over the Moors
It required. however. four wars and twelve
years to sxtort from Alfonso VII. twho was not
only King Of CASTLE. Leon. and Galicia but In
1135 WAS elected Emperor) a RECOGNITION of
Portuguese independence. Tho forces OF Al.
fonso Henriquss were usually inadequate 10
cope with those OF bis suzerain. and by
the peace OF TUT, signed In 1897. he
agreed to submit himself Is a vassal
to his cousin. This promise. however. no
never kept. and. war again breaking out. 1t
was agreed. after q hard fought but inconclu.
sive battle. to refer the question OF Portuguese
autonomy to a chlvalrous contest 1t is q Gu
rious and characteristic fact that the sever
snce OF Portugal from Gallicia was ultim ately
accom nlfRhad nv victory in n ton nmant and