The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1891-03-06
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

coal IN 1883 was 4U,b0o, 49, tons OF z, S1U
pounds, valued at sos, us, 165.
The state Of Washington, it is
claimed, has more coal than Pennsyl-
vania, more pine than Maine, and more
fish than Massachusetts.
According to the assertion of tho
eminent Psychologist, Sappy, the stom-
ach contains 100000 glands by which
gastric juice is secreted.
-Atea-planter of Darjeeling says that
fully one hundred million pounds Of
tea are now yearly exported from India,
against thirty-three million pounds five
years ago.
Cotton spinning in Japan is very
depressed at the present time, and the
spinning companies are curtailing pro-
duction. Many machines which had
been ordered from foreign firms in
Yokohama are still awaiting delivery,
the Japanese refusing to take them.
beneath the finger nails is a handy
place where a great variety of micro
scopic forms of life are wont to gather.
MicroscOpists have found III the CLEAN
ings from finger nails, thirty-six kinds
of micrococci, eighteen bacilli, three
sarcin8 and the spores of common
mould. No wonder the scratch of
nail is often poisonous. The fault is not
in the nail scratch but in the seeds that
it implants in the plowed skin.
"A French chemist, NJ. Anne Girard,
has shown that the potato called erich
ter Imperator" is well fitted for the pro-
ductiOn of alcohol by distillation on a
commercial scale. At one operation
$4,000 kilogrammes of potatoes were
treated, and ten liters of alcohol, abso-
lutely pure, were obtained from every
one hundred l1ilogrammes of the tuber.
Another distillation gave fourteen liters
for the same quantity of roots. The
draft" which resulted was readily
eaten by cattle.
I'm the building trades the six cities
In which the highest wages are paid arc
New York, Brooklyn, Chicago, St. Louis
Galveston and San Francisco. st. Louis
pays the highest wages for masonry.
New York for carpentry, San Francisco
for painting, Chicago for plumbing.
Santa Fe for roofing and Galveston for
common labor. The lowest wages are
paid in the Southern cities. Two djoin-
ing cities seldom pay exactly the same
wages. Philadelphia and Boston rank
below the five leading cities, and many
smaller Western cities pay higher wages.
The products of the mines of the
world were, in 1888, in tons: Iron, 49,
$4,000; copper, 1000; lead, 517,-
900: zinc, $4,000; tin, $4,000. The
production of gold was 1862 kill
egrammes; of silver, 3,72O.351. There
were, moreover, 466, 4OG, 900 tons of coal
brought to light, 5.712, 900 tons of pctro-
leum, 1871, 900 of salt and about 3, 7OO.-
900 of other similar products. The grand
total in tons was sos, 939. 900, with a
value of 81, 77G. DOB, 900. To this vast sum
Goals alone contribute almost STOO, 000,-
300, or about 40 per cent while the
precious metals, gold and silver, con-
tribute but $3.50, 900, 900.
Bradford McGregor, the mechanical
expert of Cincinnati, has succeeded after
numerous experiments in uniting alumni
mum with glass, and he claims to be the
first who has done so. A large piece of
aluminium, with glass tube in the CEN
ter, was turned in his lathe, and it was
impossible to detect the slight flaw or.
Joint where they came together. In
fact, it appears as one solid mass. Here
tofore no metal could be made to unite
with glass in which the contraction and
expansion were the same; and it is
claimed that this discovery will create Il
revolution in the way of reducing the
cost of incandcscent lights. as it will take
the place of platinum, which costs $500
pound, while the new compound will
not cost ten dollars.
Add carbon to pure iron and it be-
comes steel. Add a hydro-carbon to
iron. and steel itself becomes so ex-.
tensively modified that its properties
are not recognizable. Thus steel may
be as soft as pure iron. Add hyGogen,
in varying quantity, and it has the
quality of residence, as in the watch
spring, or the quality of tenacity as in
the knife or razor, or may be given
nearly the hardness of diamond, as in
file. With steel at a low temperature,
from 400 degrees to $50 degrees Fahren-
heit edge-toois are produced. the color
in the yellow shades; from 500 degrees
to 525 degrees various sorts of springs
are produced, color blue; while by heat
ing iron to Wilderness and plunging it
into water, which is mainly composed
of hydrogen, files are produced, or
forms even harder.-indianapolis News.