davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27

Dr. s. Gsleski has returned from his summer
vacation.
Mr.. Barney wertheim has gone on a visit to
Brooklyn.
Mr.. Louis Euker has left the city for an extend
ed trip North.
Rev. j. +. Iutson, tho evangelist, was In tho
city yesterday.
NJ Thomas y. Kendler Is on a business visit
to Newport News.
Rev. DR.. j. J. Lafferty is back from the New
York Chautauqua.
DR.. Tabor has returned 10 tho city after visit
to his old home IN New YORK State.
Mr.. George b Trueman. OF the Times, left yes
terday for a brief visit TO North Carolina.
Miss Julia A. Grant has returned from Old
Point Comfort after a very delightful week.
Messrs Lewis c. Paine aud 4. II. Lafferty have
returned from a tIip TO New \ ork city and State.
Mr.. Leo Schwarzschild has returned from
months vacation at Atlantic City and other re-
sorts.
Miss May Robinson, who has been visiting
friends In this city, has returned TO her home IN
Norfolk.
Mrs. John II. johnson, w. f., Emma, and
Clarence Blakey are visiting relations und
friends In King William.
Miss Mary +. Booker. Of Church Hill, left yes
terday for Washington, d. c., 20 spend few
weeks with her uncle, John G.. Slater.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. X. Tyree have returned from
Greensboro. y. C., where they have been on
visit to their daughter, Mrs. j. ID. Tenant.
IL Is stated that the collapse Of the American
Wheel or Trust Company In no way Affects the
carriage building Interests in Richmond, as the
latter did not deal With the trust.
Mr.. John w. Perkins. former well-known
resident Of Richmond and Manchester was ac-
cidentaly killed in Baltimore Tuesday. He has
a married daughter residing In this city.
Alta regular meeting OF Granite Council, No.
90, T. o. X. C.. held In Smiths Hall on Monday
NIGHT G. A. Crawford was duly elected financial
scribe. This council is now in good condition.
After delightful visit TO the Rockbridge Alum
Mrs. Luther Wright, accompanied by Miss Mary
Ella NoblA Of Georgia, arrived In tho city day
or two ago. The latter will visit Mrs. Wright at
Mossie.
Mr.. Charles L. Tyler, Of the Chesapeake and
Ohio, who has obtained a brief vacation. Will
carry his mother, Mrs. 4. J. Tyler, 10 Anderson,
W. Va. on a visit 10 a brother OF the latter. Mr.
Tyler will be absen. about a month.
The names o. some eighteen or twenty gentle
men, several Of them very young men, are men
toned In connection with tho nominations Tor
the House of Delegates In this city this fell. Inc
number Of actual candidates will probably not
be near so large
Mr. Alexander Coke, who was short while
ago elected by the Council 10 recodify and re-
wise the City Ordinances, is making very good
progress with his WORK. lie has n dinicuit and
tedious labor and II will take him good whle
10 complete his task.
Rev. J. y. Cannon, pastor Of the Third Pres
by,erian church Of this city, has returned from
Bristol and johnson City. Tenn, where ne ms
been on a vacation. Mrs. Cannon and the chill
dren Will not return homo for several weeks yet.
Mr.. Cannon will preach at the Third church on
Sunday morning and at the Old Market dn the
place OF Rev. Mr.. TurnbulD Sunday evening.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
NEITHER WOULD CONSENT TO TALK.
ne.srs. LeRoy Brown and Dashieil both
Decline to Make Statements

Decline
The Dashiell case was the main topic OF
conversation In nearly all circles yeo'oi-
DAY. ho, that Mr..
rai5oy ( Rrown. OF the firm of j. 1homp-
son Rrown a Co., had been IN consultation
Nth Commonwealth's-Att Smith III
,he latter's Office, and "a DIsPAIcH reporter
sCuoht MIR. Brown with view OF asc,I-
to;n;no II he had 9ny statement 10 make
in connection with the matter.
Mr.. Brown said that he must ueciiiio w
talk but that IN answer 10 a sHDpoI'u no
would be at the Police Court thls nIoin.hs
and explain why he was no, pnesen'b b,S ~ an ano
examination OF MI Das"iei' "r0-
plication for bail.
WAS HIS BROTHERS WARD.
Az regards his relations with Mr.. Ludwlg,
be sai5 his brother. Dir. J. thompson
pro,Yn had been Ludwig's guardian; also,
that Indwig had lived in his lair. Lehoy
Er'yns) house Us his guest for some eight
years. A., .or,o, ;f ono or
,oora ~ the notes in question had not
haen brought 10 him by the cashier OF u
hank in the city with view OF asce. lain-
inc upon what they were securoo' nc 80, 10,
piled by asking the scribe wn.iS n0 h''
hat information or took up that iuea.
Dnrine the interview Dir. Brown severn,
fines esoressed the regret that he could
not accommodate the reporter.
NO STATEMENT 10 MAKE.
NJ, Dashieu when called upon by the
D1sp.Tca representative remarked that ms
80 nnbllshed in this paper yesterday
contained all he wished TO say.
'ob' +, Was currently reported yesterday tnat n
NJ John S. WISE, OF New ,nS;vS iorS, woqin FIett r.
associated with hessrs. outcnins; ~ M"E, pri
and Page as counsel ior ai;d mi; nas hs obta;ned ned
DO definite information cou'o NC oo'A''0"
ON that point.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
CLARK is A BAD FELLOW.
So Says Detective Pinkerton in Letter to
Major Poe.

Major John Poe. Chief of Police, has re-
ceiyed the following letter from William!
A. Pinkerton. general superintendent OF
the Chicago division of the National Detec-
tive Agency, regarding the arrest Of the
Farmville burglars:
Your favor of the 21st enclosing me pic
lures Of Fox, Hall. and Clark are received.
Clarks name is Tom O'Dowd. and is an
escaped convict from the Joliet peniten.,
tiary, where he owes six years. He played
of insane and was sent to the Insane
asYlum. broke loose from there. was re-
captured and sent back and broke out
again. He was one of the most desperate
burglars in the country. and was very
clever, too. desire to congratulate you
on the verdict OF the jurors in the Old
Dominion. Surely they know how to put
on the proper punishment. will try and
find out vino the other two of this gang
are. but being with Dowd they must be
good people. The conviction of this gang
IS a good thing, and will serve to deter
other people of THIS class from going into
your district.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
INSURGENTS HELD FORTY HOURS.
Their Loss In the Battle Near Valparaiso
Three thousand Men.
" telegraph to tho Dispatch.I

WASHINGTON, August 28.-A cablegram
from Valparaiso, dated the oath instant:
has to-day been received in this city. OF
which the following is translation:
The insurgents succeeded IN landing
ten thousand soldiers at the Bay of Quin-
teros. north of Valparaiso. where they start
ed along the shore toward Valparaiso under
the protection Of six of their men-of-war
and eight armed transports, besides oil the
boats Of their feet provided with mitral-
ieuses, endeayoring to surprise the city by
rear attack.
Government force of five thousand
men was immediately detached from Val
paraiso and succeeded in delaying the
crossing of the Aconcagua river near its
mouth while sufficient number of troops
were moving by rail to protect Valparaiso
and oppose the insurgents by at least
$1,000. with a prospect OF further increase
OF forces from other quarters.
HELD AT BAY.
The Government forces succeeded In
stopping the insurgents for forty hours
with loss to the enemy OF about 5000 OF
their choicest men, notwithstanding the
fire of the insurgent feet. besides that of
the land force. This operation enabled
the Government to select the best posi-
tions for their 1900 arriving troops,
although this advantage cost the loss Of
half the number of the gallant division of
5000 men which contested the march Of
the rebels and their crossing the Aconcagua
river.
The rebel fleet has been kept at bay by
the fire of Fort Andes, and the insurgent
forces are deprived of the expected protec-
ton of their men-of-war while the Gov
ernment forces are constantly receiving re-
inforcements from the interior.
Now the rebel forces will be found at
every moment without any possible way
of retreat. Such is their situation.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
TWO RICHMOND COUPLES WE'D.
One Married In This City and the Other
in Baltimore.

Mr.. Sidney l.. Gillian and Miss Mary
Snead were married yesterday afternoon at
2 o'clock at the residence of the brides
father, No. 923 east Marshall street.
The ceremony was performed by. Rev.
DR.. James Nelson, and the following gen.
tlemen acted as ushers Messrs. Ruggles
Nelson, j. 7. Stewart. j. G. Small. Tazwcll
Robertson, and Hampton Merchant.
Miss Nellie Saunders, of this city, was
the only attendant of the bridge. who was
tastefully attired IN handsome suit Vt
tan velvet.
A large number of friends and relative
witnessed the ceremony an1 the bride and
groom were the recipients Of many hand
some presents.
Mr.. and hrs. Gillian left on an after
noon tram for the home of the groom's
father IN Cumberland county, where they
will remain for several DAYS.
The groom is popular and well-known
young man of this city, who Is employed
with Mr.. James e.. Smith, while his bride
Is the amiable and attractive daughter Of
Mr. w. II. Snead.
Mr.. Hampton Curtis, son Of Captain
John A. Curtis and Miss Fannie Nachman,
both of this city, were married In Balti.
more Tuesday afternoon.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
THEY WERE DISCHARGED.
Messrs. jackson Guy and Robert r. Nor
riss Before the Justice.

The all-important case before the Police
Court Yesterday morning was that against
Messrs. Jackson Guy and Rotert +. Nor.
riss, charged with committing breach oi
the peace by fighting IN the office of Mr..
j. VI. Mathews on Monday. Mr.. Guy was
represented by Colonel i. o. James and
Messrs. B. II. Nash. Hill Carter. and {. V.
Meredith: Mr.. George +. Haw acted as
counsel for Mr.. Morriss. There were a
number of friends of both of the accused
present. a.,
The witnesses n tine case were Messrs.
+. VI. Connor, X. +. MOrrlss, and NJ. }.
Mathews. The only point IN which the
testimony was not entirely zorro ooratlve
was in that Mr.. MOrriss, one Of the defend
ants. stated 10 the Court that ne was
struck by Mr.. Guy after Mr.. Connor had
pinioned his arms. -,
MIR. Connor testified that Mr.. Guy did
not strike Ar. Morrlss after ne caught tho
latter. Tins statement was borne out by
the evidence given III the case by Mr.. Ma
thews.
any reflection upon Colonel Guy III his re-
mark which brought on the t.ht.
Mr. Guy was asked if his statement IN
the D1spATcH was not correct. lie. stated
that where this paper quoted MN as
having said that Mr.. Morrlss stated ne
meant no reflection upon any one, out
upOn the Chanccry Court, IL snOulu nave
been that Mr. Morriss meant no rejection
upon any man. 6c.
No especial animosity was manliested
throughout the examination, at the close
of which the case was dismissed.
TO co BEFORE THE GRAND JURY.
William Henry Fpps (colored) was
charged with feloniOusly breaking INTO
and entering the premises OF John T..
Whitaker III the day time OF August 2Za
and the larceny of two gold watches. Al
fer taking some of the evidence the Jus.
tice certified the case to the grand Jury Oh
the Hastings Court.
Thomas saunders is countryinan VINO
came into the city few days ago having
with him pistol which belonged TO an,
other man. Thomas got on a spree ahu
viCilaut blue-coaters "scOoped MN III;
he was fined a. and costs for being drunk,
and was also assessed go ana costs ior
carving a concealed weapon. HAT oil the
latter fine was taken of 10y tho Justice ana
Saunders put up the cash.
OTHER CASES.
Anna Banks (colored) was sent to JAIL
for sixty days for stealing dress ana
hat from Sarah Evans.
William Smith alas PUDDING was Dheo
S,n and costs for beating kena bailey.
Pudding was also required TO pay the costs
for assaulting Martha cambridge on the
streets. "
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
CHRISTIAN sUNoAY-scHoOL WORK.
First Day Of the Tidcwster Conventiou Dc.
voted to This Work.

The convention ofthe Christian churches
of Tidewater district met III annual ses-
sion yesterday morning with the Geth.
semae church in Hanover county.
Tho day was devoted to Sunday school
work. and the meeting was called 10 order
by Chairman e. u. Bssby, Of tho Sunday.
School Association
After devotional exercises, conducted ~
Rev. A. II. Moore, editor Of the M,ssiondry
Weekly, os Richmond, the roll-call OF dele-
gates was had, showing tho presence OF o
The report of the Sunday School Board
was made. showing q good work done by
the evangelists placed in the district by
the board during the summer months.
An excellent address on Sunday school
work was then delivered by W. A. Harp. .
recent graduate of Bethany College, West
Virginia. This was followed by shore
speeches from Rev. Jabez Hall, OF Seventh
Street Christian church. and Rev. Mr..
Moore, of the Missionary Weekly.
The convention then adjourned for din
ner.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
Devotional exercises were conducted BY
George L. McGee, afaor which the meet
ing was again called to order by the chair.
man.
Several new schools were here enrolled
for the first time with the many others
already organized in the list.
The convention then. after the adoption
Of the Sunday-school eyangelist's report.
which showed good work done, was entor-
tanned by Evangelist W. A. Herp with .
beautiful sol0Setitled Drifting" which
was impressiveYy rendered.
The Committee on Ways and Means re-
commended for the future year the collec-
tion of 800 to be raised from the Sunday
schools by apportionment. This WAS o
larger amount than the schools had been
raising for the purpose before, but they
undertook the work.
A resolution was offered by Mr.. w. A.
Fox looking to the future discussion of
important topics vital to the work.
Practical lessons were taught the chill.
dren by Messrs. Hart and Bagby, which
were well received by young and old.
The convention will be IN session again
to-day. and conveyance will leave the
Seventh-Street church at o'clock this
morning.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
He IS NOT INSPECTING MEAT.
A Talk With Dr. Oppenhsin.sr About TN.
sound Fiesh-Thc Diphtheria Scare.

The supposition that DIR. Oppenheimar.
president OF the Board of Health. is con.
ducting continued inspection Of meats
in and around the city markets il inccr-
rect. He stated to a DISPATCH reporter
last night that he only did that class or
formation Of the existence of unsour d
meats. The Doctor thinks one of the most
necessary things now is the inspection Of
meats on foot-that il, to take precaution-
ary measures TO prevent the killing OF
sickly cattle. sheep, or hogs. DIR. Open
heimer is firm in his belief that such
safeguard to tho health of tho people Is
becoming necessity.
In reply to an inquiry by the DIsPArtH
certainly OH the decrease now. There ara
very few cases III the city, and our DEATH
rate shows that comparatively few arc
caused (, ON this disease"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27

After Committees on Reception and
retary. Edward Otis Hinckley, Of Baiti-
more, made his report. Nine hundred and
forty-three members weIe printed in tho
last report, land 160 more were added to.
day. The association has now q member
ship Of over 100. The Secretary also re-
ported on few other matters Of interest
to the body: The Treasurer. Francis
Rawle, of Philadelphia, reported balance
of "a, s22, net gain of S38i. Tne Executive
Committee reported after the reading Of
the Treasurer's report, and the meeting
ly chosen General Council, who met, elect
ed Richard vaux chairman. and completed
the organization.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
EXPRESS RoBsERcAUeHT.
Three of Them Now In the Hands OF the
Law-Some of the Money Found.

Macon, Ga, August 26. Joseph Brazil, a
carpenter. was arrested here yesterday
cbarged.with being implicatedin the ex-
press robbery on the Central road last
Thursday. Last night Dave Horton.
fireman on the Central road. WAS
arrested by detectives at Barlow
while on his engine. The .confes-
sion of BENJAMIN Thornton, who was
arrested at Smarrs Yesterday. implicated
these two men. and the detectives had the
others arrested before there was any
chance Of their getting warning and
getting out of the way. As the
dispatches have stated, Thornton has con-
fessed and 1900 was found in the woods
near where the arrest was made. Horton
when arrested also confessed, and when
brought here this morning carried detec-
tives 10 room where he and his wife
lodged and there sewn IN mattress was
found $1.3l4 in two packages. Brazil when
arrested dlsclalmed any connection with
the affair, but acknowledged his acquaint-
ance with the other parties.
NO DOUBT OF HIs GUILT.
The confessions Of the others. however.
made Brazil one Of the principals and bis
guilt, according TO the statement.of the de-
tectives, is beyond question. The amount
Of money stolen from the express COM
pany was 81 47i. OF this sum S2,274 Is
now in the hands Of representatives of
the company This clever detective work
was done by J. w. Jackson and g. A. Wor-
cester. Jackson is the man who captured
the noted outlaw Rube Burrows, and Wor-
cester is from Louisville. Ky. and has for
years made speciality Of railroad work.
1t is SAID that Horton. the fireman, says
he only wanted 800 and the other money
came to him in the sharing out of the
spois. lie said no had to have 800 or be
forced to leave his boarding-house. Hor-
toms wife, young country girl, appears
to have known where the money came
from and had sewn it up IN the mattress.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
HOW HE WAS ResUsclrATsD.
\ Thrilling Exhibition Given at the Re-
cent Meeting of Tire Enrinears

Captain G.. Watt Taylor. member of tho
Board of FL Commissioners of this CITY
who has Just returned from the Conyen'
ton Of the National Association of F;ro
Engineers, where he went IN company with
Chief Pul!er, Of the Richmond Depart
ment, gives glowing account of the pro.
ceedings of that body. The meeting was
the largest OF ITS kindever held IN America
two hundred and twenty-five chief engi,
neers being present besides large numbers
OF honorary fremen, fire commissioners
and others
Mr.. Taylor SAWS that the most interest.
ing features OF the meeting were the tests
gwen diterent portions of the apparatus.
The hose experiment was especially fine
and demonstrated very plainly the effect
OF small nozzle upon the force of the
flow of water.
IN AERIAL REscuER.
One OF the most thrilling and successful
tests made was of an s5-fOot aerial ladder
which lad attached IA toboggan-hke slide
upon which Is fastened a basket for the
PURPOSE OF rescuing persons from burning
buildings. Tho slide works by ropes which
are operated from the ground. This, Mr..
taylor says, works with magic charm, and
Is wonderful piece of mechanism.
TO REsUsciTAIE THE sUFFocATED.
A pretty exhibition was gwen by the
students OF Springfield Medical College
under the auspices of the Young Mems
Christian Association. it was the resusci-
tatlOn OF man who had been smothered
by smoke. In "A large hall had been erect.
ed wooden structure. which was filed
with koman candles, fire-crackers, and
other cOmbustibles. In the midst of all
these the unfortunate had been placed for
sutfocation and the building fred Shortly
alterward the victim of the experiment
was taken from the house of smoke in a
thoroughly unconscious condition. He
was put through "a process of pumping
and rubbing and in the course of thirty
minutes was again walking around the
hall. Ibis Mr.. Taylor thinks the quickest
process he has ever seen for bringing to
life person who has been smothered, or
one who was sufocated from smoke.
THE GEORGIA PINE.
Considerable discussion was INDUCED in
rs to the question of the most durable
material for englne-house flooring All
kinds OF material was considered, aud the
Georgia pine was adopted a. the best Tor
TOOrlng purposes.
Mr. President" said Mr.. Frost. of the
Wilmington (N. c. Fire Board, all that
lumber comes from North Carolina. sir !;
you are giving TO Georgia what she is not
entitled to-
This brought the jocose Chief Frank
O'Neill. of Charleston, ;. c.. TO his feet.
claim" said he, that fully two thirds
OF this pine TIMBER is grown in the Pal
metio State, and our sister. North Caro-
ina is entitled to the balance"
MIR. President" roared one of the
Georgia delegates, it Is no matter whe-
ther these trees are grown in the swamps
of South Carolina or on the red hills of
the 'Tar-Heel' State, it requires the
stamp Of Georgia to sell it; so claim
We are entitled TO all the credit"
1he convention throughout was very
harmonious. and both Captain Taylor and
Chief Puller report most delightful trip.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
SIxty-TwO Bodies Taken Ont.


NEw YORK, August 26.-Up to 1880 the
total number of bodies removed from the
ruins of the Taylor building had isached
sixty-two. Shortly before IL o'clock o
search for the bodies in the cellars of 6s
and 10 was abandoned as all the debris had
not by any means been removed, but it
was stated that what remained there had
been thoroughly examined and that no
more bodies remained In it. The work
was then concentrated on the cellars of
~ and IA.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
BALTIMORE.

BALTIMORE, August 28.--Flour steady and un-
changed; receipts, 10,91s barrels; shipments,
I7,780 barrels; sales, 500 barrels. Wheat
auiet: No. 2 red, spot, Si.104aS1.10IS the
month, 81. ias1.10ts: September, 4l.101sa
sI.iOjs October. 81 l.l0jsasi. lo,s; December,
SI,l3 asked; steamer, No. 2 red, el.04I<a
sI.O4A; southern wheat steady; Fuitz, e1.O3a
Sl.12; Longberry, eI.05sel.12; receipts,
2O5, ,494 bushels shipments, 165,l54 bushels;
stock, 1,22s,7lS bushels; sales, $4,000
bushels. Corn dull; mixed spot, d01<c.
asked; september, 0o,4c. asked; south
ern corn neglected; a ss6 white, 7oa5is.;
ments, $500 bushels; stock, 69,s87 bushels.
oats fairly active and steady; No. white west-
ern. 4Oc. No. 2 mixed western, 37a37tfc.: re-
ceipts, TO- ,42o bushels; stock, $4,000 bnshels
RYE dull; No. 2, 41.O2atl.O3; receipts, 1l,046
bushels: stock, 50,947 bushels. Hay dun I;
good to choice timothy, si4aS1o.5o: Grain
freights dull and unchanged. Cotton steady;
mIiding Slxc. Provisions steady and un-
unchanged. Butter nrm; creamery fancy,
22c. DO. fair to choice, 19a20c do. imitation,
l7sisc. ;.ladle fancy, 15al6c.: good to choice,
I3af4c. store-packed. 11Al3c. Egg scarce
ano active at lie. Coffee dull kio cargoes,
fair, l9c.; No, 2, 17c. Sugar nrm granu-
changed. Peanuts unchanged
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
Will RESUME BUSINESS.
The Farley Bank of Montgomery Said to
BE a Model Institution.
TBy telegraph 10 the Dispatch.l

WASHINGTON. August 26.-Bank- Examiner
Campbell, in report to Acting Controller
Nixon, says the present indications are
that the Farley National Bank of Mont
gomery, Ala, which closed Its doors few
days ago. will resume business. Ihe de;
positors and stockholders. he thinks. will
not lose cent. At the Treasury Depart
ment the Farley Bank is said to have too
much money on hand to make money. 1t
does not owe a cent, has no bad debts ex-
cepting the one that closed it. and was in
ali respects a model bank. Its surplus was
about $4,000 The bank has been in the
habit of cashing drafts for the. Alabama
Terminal Railroad Company, and the last
draft of 100000 was not paid when pre-
sented in New York. Even should the
bank lose this large amount 1t Is repre-
sented as solvent.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-27
A PLATFORM OF TWENTY PLANKS.
The Prohibition State Convention Handles
the Two Parties ImpariialIy.
fRy telegraph TO the Dispatch.l

HARRISBURG. Pa, August 26.--The Prohi-
bition State Convention met here to-day
and adopted a platform having twenty
panks. w. W. Hague was nominated for
auditor general and George Drayton for
State treasurer. First five and concluding
four planks Of the platform are devoted to
phases of the liquor question. The re-
malnder touch upon labor suffrage, nstu-
ralization, education, civil service, taxa
ton, monopolies. and impartial denuncia-
ton Of Democratic and Republican par
ties,