davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30

Z -# . E
According to our correspondent
who accompanied Prof. Babcock
to the vicinity Of the Fish Trap
last week, the white clay deposits
to. be found there may yet be q
bonanza to Cavalier county. From
the fact that the professor took
away with him a number Of speci-
mems of these clay deposits for
chemical analysis, which he will
have made in the potteries of New
Jersey, there is no doubt but that
he holds q favorable opinion as to
its quality. The professor is re-
ported as saying that the only good
fine clay known to be west of the
Mississippi river is in the vicinity
of the Fish Trap and at Dickinson,
ALSO in this state. 1t is said that a
number of capitalists will interest
themselves in developing these de-
posits. should the professors re-
port prove favorable.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30

suOulu cuJOy none VI Iuc OeneNCS OF
combination. There can be no
question of the propriety and wis
dom of organization on the part of
the farmers to prevent their being
pushed to the wall in the general
scramble brought about by class
Legislation.
The practicabi,ity of the move
ment, however, is open to some
doubts. Many farmers arc in debt
for advances OF have mortgages to
pay off, and must sell at the earliest
possible moment. Then, toe, it
would seem that they are too nu-
merous and too widely scattered to
act together with the promptness
and sagaeity required to bull the
market successfully. At all events,
they wild require unwonted stcadi-
ness and nerve to accomplish the
end in view. 1t will be a great
point gained, however, to have
called the farmers attention to his
interest as respects the holding of
his grain and to have put him on
his guard against the wiles of the
speculator.-Minneapolis Times.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
frosty nights.
CLOUDS PREVENT RADIATION OF HEAT

|
CLOUDS PREVENT RADIATION OF HEAT
WHEN TO LOOK FOR FROST.
There is difference between frost
and freezing weather. The latter
comes with cold wave which, with
the present knowledge upon the subject
is difficult to avoid; whilst the former
results from cooling superinduced
by intense radiation of heat in clear
sky, and it in great measure can be
guarded against. If the sky is OBJ
scured OF cloudy or the wind quite
brisk, little or no danger can be antici-
pated from frost. Clouds act like
mantles to the earth and hold in it's
heat, which, in their absence, through
the radiation, would escape into space.
Winds agitate the air and bring down
the warm masses Is to 90 feet above
and diffuse through the cooler at the
surface of the earth, thus keeping up a
mild temperature. A thermometer
placed OH the soil i'll a clear night will
Indicate to 10 degrees OF more lower
than when suspended in the air six
feet above the sod. The air tempera-
ture finds its lowest point at sunrise,
and it rises gradually to it's highest
point about 3 p. m. From that time
it goes down by rapid degrees until
just before midnight and slowly from
then until sunrise.
THE THERMOMETER WILL GIVE UN-
MIsTAKABLE EVIDENCE OF APPROACH
ING FROST.
If it be calm, cloudless night and
the farmer takes careful observation
of the thermometer, say at to 10 p.
b., and discovers it to be steady and
some degrees above freezing point 1902
but little danger may be anticipated
from the frost; but otherwise, il it
drops quickly to near 400 there is great
danger of frost. Every farmer should
have first-class thermometer, OF what
is better, psychometer. The instru-
ment should be so placed as to receive
the unobstructed air currents from the
west or the north. The thermometer
will give to 6 hours warning of the
approach Of frost. Its coming may
also be known by the slightly chilly
sensation in shady places that is ex-
perienced on clear day. And to the
experienced observer, there is some
thing in the appearance of the atmos-
phere that tokens the approaching
chill.
How to generate and use smoke for
preventing frost will be given in my
next letter.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30

come, into competition with and tend
to cheaper, the articles that they
make to sell to the American people
All the taxes on tea and coffee
and nine-tenths of the taxes on
sugar went into the treasury. The
people paid them and the govern.
ment. received them. They were
revenue taxes, the sugar tax effect
ing an incidental protection to oul
home product, which is less than
one-tenth of our entire consump.
ton.
Now, there is nothing in the
world that SO much terments pro,
tectionist as tax that goes into the
treasury, which the people pay and
the government receives without
being obliged to share with some
private beneficiary. He racks his
ingenuity to change it from rev.
enue tax into a protective tax, and
If he finds that, despite his efforts,
he cannot devise a law to take it
from the man who has earned it,
and put it in the pocket of a man
who has not earned it, he abolishes
it altogether.
Such was the case with the tax
on tea and coffee in 1872, and such
Is now the case with the tax on
sugar.
1t is to he hoped that no defender
of the Mckinley bill in Iowa or in
Ohio this fall will be permitted to
tell the people that the bill made
sugar free in order to, cheaper its
price to the consumer, when Mai.
Mckinley gives as the "exact reason
we make sugar free is that we make
but small percentage of what we
consume"
The meaning of which "exact
reason" is that only ga small per-
centage" of the tariff duties on (raw)
sugar went into private pockets.
If three-fourths or -tenths had
gone to some members of the tariff
combination, and only one-fourth or
one-tenth to the government, it is
absolutely certain that the McKin-
ley bill would not have touched the
tariff Oh sugar, or, if it had touched,
would only have raised it.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
THE PREVENTION OF FROST.
Convincing Evidences That SIM ok e
Wisely Employed, Is IL Sure
protection

To Grain Against Injury From the
Chilling Foe by w. w. Barrett.
In North Dakota we have wonder
full growth Of grain, but as it is some
what backward many fear an injury
By frost, ana hence the interest now
taken in the interest of frost preven-
ton. And well may the matter be
discussed, for Prof. H. A. Hazen, as
sistant professor Of meteorology in
March 1890 made this statement: sit
has been estimated that in a single
year nearly two billions of dollars were
lost to the farmers of this country from
frost destruction.
Is there any system or way by which
frost can be prevented? This can be
truthfully answered in the affirmative.
1t is known that bitches filed with
water or brooks running through Or
chards and gardens have had a favor
able effect in warding off frost. Water
in pals and barrels operate in similar
way. Let a tub of water be placed
under a fruit tree, and strings con-
nected with its branches and the lower
ends immersed in the water, then
when the frost comes on, it will not
injure it's foliage or it's fruit. This has
worked most successfully where it has
been properly tried.
ts8OKE is ONE OF THE BEST FROST
PREvENTIvEs.
There are many persons in our state
who can testify to this fact. Capt.
Griggs, of Grand Forks, says: 1 have
observed that the burning of straw.
brush, manure or any combustible ma
terial has tendency to raise the tenn
perature for miles away" And he
also states that on the night of the
burning of the Walker saw mills few
years ago, it was cold and wheat was
frosted in many places in the Red
River Valley, but in all the path of
the wind drifting the smoke from the
mill for a distance of Is miles from
Grand Forks no wheat was injured by
the heavy hand of Jack Frost. a. B.
Ryan, living near st. Vincent, has had
good success with smoke in protecting
his vegetables from frost. The writer
has had similar experience. And
whole wheat fields have been saved in
the n. p. part Of our state by the burn
ling Of straw stacks and smudges on
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
The wheat Growers, Combine.

The Wheat Growers Combine.
The proposition to effect COM
! bination of the farmers alliances
and associations throughout the
| country with the object of withhold
ing this years wheat crop from the
market, to which The Times has
recently called attention, has as
4 sumed definite form. The conditions
/ this year strongly favor such a
movement. This years crop of
wheat will be, it is estimated, some
5oo,ooo,ooo bushels, 35o,ooo,ooo of
which will be required for home
consumption. There would thus be
l5o,ooo,ooo bushels for export. The
1 average expectation in the last ten
years, it is stated, has been l27, 7,00O,-
/ 900 bushels a year, Of which amount
the West Indies and South America
! took 2O,OOO,0O0 bushels. If the
wheat crop Of Europe and India
were we'll up to the average, there
would be no special demand for the
surplus of 23,0Oo,oOO bushels indi-
Gated by comparison of our crop
with the average home and foreign
demands. But it is not up to the
average. On the contrary, the crops
of Europe, including those of Russia,
are far below the average, and the
same is to be said of the crops of
India and Argentine. Consequently,
vastly increased demand for Amer
ican wheat, with corresponding
rise Of prices, is believed to be GER
tain. A rise of 25 cents a bushel
would mean an increase of $685.
100000 for those who sell at the
right time.
To sell at the right time is the
important matter for the farmers.
If all the farmers rush their wheat
to market, as they usually do, as
soon as it is threshed out, the spec
ulator in grain, says the circular
now issued to the. farmers of the
country, will get the whole benefit
of the advance in price. On the
other hand if the farmers hold their
wheat until advised by their leaders
that the right figure has been
reached, the middle man and specu-
lator will find their occupations
gone. What is proposed is that
the millions Of farmers engaged in
the production of wheat shall imi-
tate other classes of producers and
form combination to put up the
price of their product. This is done
by coal operators, who among them
selves fix the price the public shall
pay for coal. Steel, copper, sugar,
petroleum, starch, linseed oil, cot
tonseed oil, lead, binding twine and
carpets are but few of the many
articles the prices of which are fixed
for the farmers and others by COM
binations of the men engaged in
their production. The Mckinley
tariff is legal provision that these
and other producers shall get for
their wares higher price than they
would get if prices were fixed by
free competition. There is, there
fore, nothing extraordinary in the
proposition that farmers shall CO.
operate to advance the price of their
product. As the persons whose in
dustry is the basis Of the prosperity
Of the whole country, it certainly is
not desirable that they alone Of all
the members of the community.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
Free Scholarship,

Nv StslN
At meeting of the board of direc-
tors of the North Dakota Agricultural
college be placed at the disposal of the
board Of county commissioners for
each organized county of the state.
Tuition is free to all citizens of the
state. The scholarship therefore, en-
titles its posscssor to free collegiate
education in this institution for one
year, with the exception of travelling
expenses and such incidentals as
board, fuel and washing. This offer
presents an opportunity for some de-
serving Cavalier county lad.
Cavalier County Agricultural Society
The directors of the Cavalier County
Agricultural society convened as Der
call at the Secretary's office on Satur-
day, July 25, 1891.
Present: President Mclaughlin
Vice Pres. Ullyott; directors: Howatt,
Abbott, Galloway, McCay, Oke, Wild,
Hutton; secretary, ALERT.
Meeting adjourned until O'Clock D,
M
: AFTERNOON SESSION.
Meeting reconvened as per adjourn
ment,
Resolved, that the first annual fair
for Cavalier county be held on the 18th
day Of October, 1891.
Resolved, that 5000 be appropriated
for prizes and that the president ap-
point committee whose duty it will
be to draft prize list to be presented
to the board of directors at their next
meeting for consideration.
The president appointed Messrs. Nc
Cay, Ullyott and Hutton as such COM
mittee.
Resolved, that the proposition of p.
McHugh. Oh behalf of the citizens of
Langdon, to raise purses and take
charge Of the races during the fair, be
accepted; also to accept Mr.. McHugh's
offer of the grounds and race track.
Resolved, that the board of directors
of the Cavalier Co. Agricultural So
ciety, in session assembled, do hereby
extend an invitation to the citizens of
the eastern portion Of Cavalier county,
who have not yet responded to call
heretofore made, to cooperate with
this society in the interest of the agri
cultural welfare of the county and
make the fair now under consideration
a grand success.
The secretary is hereby authorized
to cause the above resolutions to be
published in the Milton Globe.
On motion meeting adjourned until
Saturday, September 5th at 4 O'Clock
.. m.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
Why We Have Free Sugar.

| lhAoi. W. -. w llsOI Ill oL LOUIS hepUDulCl
TIE Republic few days ago very
aptly asked a protectionist journal
that described the country as ssrcvel-
ing in free sugar." why the country
was not permitted to revel also in
free clothing and other good things.
There seems to be general effort
on the part Of the tariff organs and
speakers to make capital with the
people for giving them cheaper
sugar, although the cheapening of
the price of sugar, since the removal
of duties on raw or brown sugars,
upsets their stock arguments that
"the tariff is not a tax" 'sthe duty
is not paid by the consumer" ''the
tariff lessons the price of articles"
and other arguments equally absurd
in the light Of experience and of
common sense.
But before they swallow their
own arguments, in their eagerness
to claim credit for cheapening sugar
to the people, they should take care
to keep from the public the real
reasons for the removal of the tariff
on sugar in the Mckinley bill.
1t was said of some of the old
federalist writers that, like the
priests of Egypt, they had a revela-
ton for the multitude and secret
for the initiated.
Let US see what is the true reason
as stated by Maj. Mckinley himself
to that company of the ssinitiated"
that recently gathered around the
banquet table of the tariff league in
New York.
"Now, do you know why we put
them Sewing needles on the free
list? We did it on the great prin-
ciple underlying protection-because
we do not manufacture them at
home. Applause. For the same
reason in 1872 we put tea and coffee
there, and that is the exact reason
we make sugar free applause ~
that we produce but a small per-
centage of what we consume"
This is frank and direct, if not
altogether polite at this time. He
tells the truth, although, in doing
SO, he exposes the hypocrisy and
falsehood of the tariff champions,
who assured the people in 1872 that
duties were taken from tea and
coffee in order to give them, espe-
clally the workingman, ga free
breakfast table," and the hypocrisy
of those who are now claiming that
the Mckinley bill made (unrefned)
sugar free, that the people might
.revel in cheap sugar.
The committee that reported that
bill said at the time that they were
notas much concerned about the
prices of the articles we consume as
about securing profitable market
for the home producer. And now
comes its patron and authorized In
terpreter, and speaking to the ssini-
tiated, q table full Of protected
capitalists, be tells them in effect,
what they very well knew already,
that he took the taxes from sugar
in order that he might keep or in
crease the taxes on articles that
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
Harvest Trips.

The Great Northern Railway will run
Harvest Excursions from St. Paul,
Minneapolis, Duluth and West Super
ior, to this and othor points north Of
Fergus Falls, Breckenridge and Wah-
peton, to Buford inclusive, on July 21st
and August 4th, at ONE FARE for
round trip, good for 80 days. Our citi-.
zens are urged to write friends in the
east to come and help us gather our
abundant crops, visit us, and then
make their home in this country.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
CHILcoTT BREAKS JAIL.
Devils Lake Blind Plgger Breaks
Jail Mt NIinOt.

DEVILS LAKE, July 24.-W. L. Chill
colt who was arrested for selling liquor
skipped out after the preliminary ex-
animation. He was found at Minot
yesterday and arrested for violating
the U. S. revenue law. City Marshall
Pierce left here last night to bring him
back, but the report reached here today
that Chilcott broke Jail last night at
Minot and is gone again.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30

The Importance of early cutting of
grain before it was thoroughly ripe,
was we'll shown by an experiment. made
in Illinois. OF a field Of fifty acres of
wheat, a part cut ten OF fifteen days be-
fore maturity gave plump grain that
weighed 621 pounds to the bushel, while
that which stood until fully ripe only
weighed So pounds to the bu. shrink
age IN weight of u per cent. to which
might be added a further shrinkage
from grain which ratified out in hand
ling. This is as applicable to all other
grain, including field corn, or any crop
sown for seed, as to wheat. Millers
know that wheat cut before it is quite
ripe, makes better -four than when it
stands longer, and other experiments
have indicated that it is better for seed
purposes, terminating more readily
and coming forward more rapidly. As
a general rule, the best time for cut
ting grain is when the seed if fully
formed and has glazed over. but is yet
SO tender as to be crushed between the
finger and thumb. Grand Forks Her
aid.
Ladies get your calling cards, all
Stvlps at, this Offica t9tS 5sFS Il
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
REGARDING MORTGAGE SALES.
An Important Decision Rendered in
the United States District Court.

An Important Decision Rendered in
the United States District Court.
AGUsTA, Ga, July 24.-Judge Emery
Speer, in the United States district
court for the Southern district Of Geor-
gia, has rendered an important deci-
sion in the case of Turner G. Thomas,
administrator, VS.. The American
Freehold Land and Mortgage Company,
of New York. This company lends
money to farmers and takes mortgages
on land to secure payment. Under
the terms of the agreements the COM
pany had the right to foreclose on
failure to meet Il note when due.
This was done in the Thomas case,
and judgment was entered up in the
United States court according to the
terms of agreement. ministrator
Thomas brought motion to set aside
the judgment and sale made there
under, on the ground that the contract
was conditional, and though no de-
fense was filed, the court could not
enter judgment, except on the verdict
of a jury declaring that the conditions
had been violated. The case was ar
gued some weeks ago: and j Judge Speer
has rendered a decision sustaining the
above position. Hundreds of similar
judgments have been taken throughout
this section, and the decision will pro-
badly give rise to extensive litigation.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30
[lR HQstlerS Column,

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
XlMIg|zNzNaNhNfaNkIKl
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1891-07-30

Ladies get your calling cards, all
styles, at this office.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-18
TUESDAY. AUGUST Is. 1891.
A Cordial Welcome.

The State Convention OF the Virginia
Alliances. which assemblies here to-day,
promises TO be composed OF good men
and true" We welcome these farmers TO
the capital OF the State. and bespesk for
them and for whatever they NAV say IN
their published proceedings and in their
platform the careful consideration OF the
people Of Richmond. The city Is the
place where the farmer. planter. trucker,
and all persons engaged in agriculture
end n market for their products. In the
absence Of cities. towns, and villages farm
ing would be but poor business. for the
farmer or planter must find market. II
there are none near him be must 60 away
rom home to find one, as we in the south
ern States have 20 do in the ease OF cotton
and tobacco. On tho other hand. cities.
towns. and villages can have no existence
in the absence of tillers of the soil. Agri-
culture keeps the whole world in motion.
Without 1t, ours and oil other countries
would be poor indeed.
Inasmuch. therefore. as the interests of
Richmond and the interests of her rural
visitors are closely interviewer. we again
welcome the members Of the Virginia
Farmers Alliance Convention IA the men
who are the representatives of the class
upon whom all other classes depend for
subsistence
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-18
pAPTlSTS AT MARION.
A Fine Meeting of che Lebanon Associa-
tion.

ton.
fCorrespondence Of the Richmond Dispatch.l
MARION. Va. August 16.-For four DAYS
this little town has been almost Overrun
with the Baptists. The occasion that calls
them here il the annual meeting OF the
Lebanon Baptist Association. which IN
cludes the Baptists of four Of these large
southwestern counties. Rev. n. G. Bald
win. An aged minister, who weighs little
over three hundred pounds. Is moderator,
and be fills the chair quite well.
Rev. DR.. J. VI. McCown. formerly OF
Gordonsvllle, but now pastor At Glade
Spring. Va, preached the Introductory
sermon.
Among the visiting brethren from a dis
tance are Hon. J. l.. VI. Curry, Garter Helm
Jones. G. B. L. Mills. @. l.. Cooke, G. ;.
Felix. ID. W. Gwin. and A. L. Dickinson.
DR.. Curry, IN an address on education,
smoke of the immense progress made OF
recent years in Southwest Virginia, ana
said that II seems now destined 10 be tho
great money-making district Of the uni
verse;"
Dr.. Dickinson represented the State
Mission Board and raised SlZ5 for the
Wytheyille Baptist church and also IN
pledges $50 for the Sunday-School and
Bible Board.
Rev. DR.. ID. W Gwin, Of Norfolk, repre-.
sented the Foreign Mission Board.
DIR. J. L. II. Curry goes from here to Big
Stone Gap and TO several other points 10
lecture on education and on other good
causes.
Marion is delightful town and is grow
inc in favor as summer resort.
Professor Peters, Of the University OF
Virginia. is spending his vacation here.
The crops IN all this region are simply
enormous. They say that they never had
such q corn and grass year. and there's NJ
counting the fat cattle upon thousand
hills.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-08-18

mater of District No. 10. attended meet
INC of the Masonic lodge at Boydton on
last Friday. He went IN company VIII
Rigbt Worshipful George II. Ray. OK your
CITY. Mr. Ray delivered public Lecture
durinc his stay, which was largely az
tended. He also exemplifed actual work
and all the three degrees, Dit: Kay was
assisted by Mr.. Turner. MT. turner 10.
norts pleasant time. and Is under many
ohlirations to the craft for many courte-
sizes shown him. The lodge 10 now wo it
ing under dIspensation, but, from 'ne
character OF the material composing IT, "
l. destined TO become one of the foremost
lodges in the State. !;
There were two or three excursions III
our town on Sunday from various points
TOBACCO CULTURE.
Some few of our farmers who undertook
.b,s year the culture OF bright tobacco are
verv much pleased with their prospects.
Notably among them is the Hon. George
=. Bnrham. Judge of the County Court
who planted a large quantity.
TIE BEST AUTHORITY.
acc that the question propoundcd seve::
raj weeks since az 90 the longest term OK
service of master OF a Masonic lodge ID
tbis State mas not been answered. Per
haps Grand-Secretary Isaacs could give
the information.