davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1891-04-07
The Cleveland NIinstreIs.

Inc cleveland M1nsIrelsy
Or, at least one detachment of the great or
Ganzation the young Ohio manager has
under control, opened at the Bush-street.
That the auditorium was crowded goes with
out saying. Many came attracted by the
novelty, richness and expansiveness OF the
show in the first place; but nearly all pres
ent were there to welcome such old-tme and
neveT-forg tten favorites as Emerson. Luke
Schoolcraft, Hughey Dougherty and others,
while they also enjoyed the fresh voices
and newer development of talent by later
corners in the crescent. Emerson was re-
ceived with most hearty applause. He had
not much to do in the pr0gramme-a comic
selection in the first part and an interlude
specially but time has not dulled the sharp
ness of his method nor impaired the sweet
ness of his voice. 1t is safe to say that Will
lam has that cherished high c yet in his
larynx, though be is not 'guille"-ty of in
discretion in pushing his voice to find it.
Outside of the programme Emerson, how
ever, did a good deal. He was recalled time
and again after The Winner" and sang
Typewriter" MARY Murphy" 81 Owe
Ten Dollars to OGrady" and others. There
were loud calls for 'Moriarity," but he OBJ
jected because, he said, :" can't,
you know, sing Mnry in this makeup"
Luke SchoolcIaft renewed his popularity in
the song, daylight am a-breaking." and
in the finale with Hughey DOugherty, you
Didn't Lose Me, Chawley." Percy Den
ton, Will f. Nankevile, Barney Pagan, not
to omit Sgnor Benedetto, male soprano,
are conspicuous for their solo vocalism
in the first part. The interlude embraces the
novelties of The Alpine Mountaineers." the
instrumental comedy of Fields aud Hanson.
Barney Fagan's PHANTOM Cuirassers,"
a remarkably attractive act, with its elec.
trio effects. Mr.. Barney Fagan, who in
vented il, and who is in command,
bears remarkable likeness TO the
late Lawrence Barrett, both in per-
sonal appearance and stage bearing.
After the Cuirassiers" come the
grotesques. Griffin and Marks, the pro-
gramme winding up with evening-dress
acrobatics by the really wonderful Craggs.
to see whom is alone worth the price of ad-
mission. These British gentleman aero
bats" are a new departure in the way of
perilous performance. The equipment of
the stage is study in decorative and specu-
latiye art.
The morning call., 1891-04-07
PROPOSALS

For Constructing a Steel Draw bridge
Over Channel Sire ct.
The sun., 1891-11-15

therefore. with indignation. loathine. and de-
rjsiop that he asks the question. And shall
coupler" Answering his wounded heart, ho
rejects Ophelis then and there: rejects her
with An oath that shows his disgust
at the possibility his derieive words
bavo suggested. BY this remuneration
Hamlet strips himself OF all that makes youth
beautiful and liso desirable. pulls down upon
himself IN Q templs OF his love- and stegRers as
he stands amid the ruins. From tho contem-
plation of the barrenness OF his future life. he
gradually RECEIVERS himsolt and slowly says:
"Of,ci tFle upon this weaknessl Hold. hold.
nv heart and you. my stnews, grow not instant
old but bear mo stifiiy up"
We cannot follow Miss Gilchrist through the
book, which is built on the hypothesis thht tho
aforementioned change Of punctuation. with
out any alteration Of the tcSt. casts new light
on Hnmlets character and on the whole course
Of tho play She has undertaken to demon.
strnto that through the Interpretation per.
mitted BY this trivial change. that all Hamlets
words and actions before the question. And
shah couple p" are consistent with his love
for Ophelia. whilo nll after the question are
consistent with his reputation OF her
With this c,uc to elucidation. the
play. in Miss Glchrists opinion. becomes
tho subject Of practicable analogy. tho utter
anccs and deeds Of the principal persons fall
into harmony. most Of the obscure passages
are Illuminated. and the whole scheme and
progress Of tho piece orc made more interest
ing as we'll as moro iLtelligble. Il quite poss-
bio that Shakespesrean students may decline
to accept the authors punctuation but II they
do ndopt It they will scarcely dispute its far
reaching Significance
The sun., 1891-11-15
VII.

The distinctive feature Of the Swiss Federal
Government Is the remarkable institution
known as the referendum. or direct reference to
the will OF the people considered as final
Court Of Appeal. 1t has a double function.
being both nm instrument OF Constitutional
amendment and an organ Of ordinary legis-
lSturo. The referendum Is supposed to be de-
rived from the practice Of the old Swiss Con-
federation. when the delegates Of the thirteen
Independent States Of which 1t was long COM
posed had to refer to their cantonal Govern
ments tho decisions OF the Federal Dict II
looks at first sight Ike French pcbisoite
but, As Prof Dicey has made clcur. there are
two essential differences. A plebiscite Is not
preceded by debate. and rarely when it has
boen taken has the voting itself been
free or fair. Tho Swiss referendum. on
the other hand. 10 always preceded
By elaboration and discussion. and never has
the resultant judgment Of the nation been
uastsd by eosEcteR og tainted with fraud "
The sun., 1891-11-15

Is true that the referendum gives no power TO
modify Legislation or substitute one m easure
for another. It docs not enable the electors to
pass laws at their own will: It merely offers
tho sovereign people an opportunity Of Veto
ing such Legislation rs docs not approve itself
to them. definite. clearly md concisely
stated law is submitted to them In the form Of
e proposal. and they arc invited to say AYE"
or NO" as to whether the law shall beco ne
operative. Under the Constitution OF 1S4S
only such measures passed by the Federal
Assembly as clearly involved constitutions
changes were subject to the referendum. The
jealousy OF the cantons. however. lest their
reserved rights should be gradually and indi-
rectly invaded BY the central Government de.
manded an unrestricted reference Of all
measures to the popular vote. This was
conceded In the revision OF 1879. when tho
referendum was extended to all Federal law and
Federal decrees OF a general nnture and not OF
an urgent character. AS the matter now
stands, all laws and resolutions are published
Immediately after their passage. and copies
are sent to the Governments OF the several can.
tons. Through the cantonal authority they are
brought to the attention OF the communes. II
within ninety days from the date OF publication
an application Of the referend,n, is demanded
by 10000 voters. or by eight cantons the Fed
eral Council fixes day for taking the popular
vote: this day must be at least four weeks after
the notice given by the Council. The ballots bear
simply the words "Yes" or No." and bare
majority OF those voting Is decisive. We
should add that II no demand for o referendum
is made within ninety days the people are pre-
sumed to have given q tacit assent and the
bill becomes q law
There is no doubt that under the workings
Of this peculiar institution condition exists
in which the sovereignty Of the people il no
longer O speculative doctrine, but a living
reality. It makes Of the Swiss republic a gem
uine and thorough democracy. At the time,
indeed Of the extension OF the ereterendun to all
legislation there we're not wanting public reu
in Switzerland who apprehended that n vnuld
The sun., 1891-11-15
The sw,ss COME deratlon.

Owing to the fnct that during the present
year has been celebrated the six hundredth
anniversary Of tho declaration Of Swiss indc-
pendencc, we have lately witnessed the publi-
cation of moro English and American books
on tho political institutions OF Switzerland than
have been issued in the previous half century.
or thcse the most complete and satisfactory Ia
the work entitled the sariss Republic. BY Mr..
BoYD WINCHESTER. recently United States Min
istor at Berne Lppincotts. 1t is based
upon notes OF studies and observations made
during four yenrs Of diplomatic service. and
the authors opportunities have unquestiona-
bly, qualified him to speak with unusual au-
thority. What dlfferentiates this book from
other discussions Of tho Same subject is the
application OF the comparative method in tho
chapters on national and csntonnl govern
ment The facts in Swiss history are placed
sido by side with ana!ogues derived from
the experience OF the United States.
and in this way their significance Ia
brought out with emphasis. There is no doubt
TINT the points Of likeness and those OF diver
gence between the Federal polity OF switzsr-
land and that Of tho United States are instrTc-
tive to both peoples and cannot be too clearly
indicated. After brief historical introduce
ton the author examines in detail the Federal
Constitution. the Federal Assembly and Coun-
ell. and the organization OF the Federal Judi
cnry. after which he reviews the peculiar
tics Of tho cantonal administration. de-
voting separate chapters to the institu-
ton known as the referendum and to the
Lnndsgemende or Assembly Of tho whole
people, relic OF ancient usnges which still sur
wives in some OF the forest cantons. There are
also chapters on the conditions Of citizenship.
on the laws relating to the tenure Of land and
the power OF testamentary disposition. on the
military organization. on the system Of public
education. and upon the channels and proper
tions of Swiss industry and trade.
The sun., 1891-11-15


Before availinc ourselves OF III. Wiuchest"r's
observations to mark the points OF contrast
and resemblance between the Federal Govern
ments Of Switzerland and tho United States. it
may be well to condense in q paragraph tho
constitutional and political history OF tho
former country to the date OF the adoption OF
tho present Federal organic law 1t is well
known that the germ OF tho Swiss Confedera-
ton was the union OF the three forest cantons
schwyz Uri and Unterwaden. which was re-
duced to writing In 12ol, and which after the
victory over the Duke OF Austria at Norsarten
was reaMrmed ut brunnen IN 1910. This was
purely defensive league each canton retaining
ull the powers OF sovereignty except the right
to enter into any engagements with foreign
power without the assent OF its allies That Is
one point to bear IN mind; the otheris that the
internal Constitution Of each canton was purely
democratic. supreme power being exercised
by a General Assembly In which all adult males
took part Between 1852 ana 1901 the scope
OF the Federation was enlarged by the success
siVe inclusion OF hVe cantons, TO Wiz: Lucerne.
Zurich. Zug. Glarus, and berne No other nd
dition having been made to the league In 18
years. the so-called Eight Old Cnntons long
possessed many distinctive privl'e%es. In tho
interval. namely. IN 1855. after tho victory at
sempach over Leopold I'LL OF Austria. tho
union OF the cantons was somewhat tightened.
1t was the same Eight Old Csntons that
wrestcd Aargau In 14l7 from the Count OF
Tyrol; that In l444 defeated tho Dauphin Louis
Of France OF st Jacob: and overthrew the Bur
gundians at Aorat and Nancy In l477. -Four
years lator. on the occasion OF the admission
OF Two more cantons. solothurn and Fretburg.
two important changes were made In the con-
stitution OF the league. viz. all the mem
bors OF the confederacy bound them
selves to support the form OF gov
eminent then established In each OF
them. and they further agreed that definite
body OF military laws should he enforced in oil
the cantons. Then followed the suabian war
against the Emperor Maximilian l.. in which
the Swiss gained six victories. and which re-
suited in the accession of Basil and Schafr-
hausen to the league Eleven years later lin
1872 the Swiss obtained by the Milnnese war
the territory now forming the canton Of T1cino.
Then enBued several battles In Italy. after
which lin 1521) the cautions entered Into IN
alliance with France. which was maintained
with scarcely any interruption for nearly three
hundred years 1t was France which. on the
close OF the Thirty Years War. obtained ut the
Congress OF Munster from the representatives
OF the Emperor complete remuneration OF
Switzcrland's allegiance to tho German
empire. We should ada that Appen-
zell had Joined the league In 1873.
thus making the number OF cantons thir-
teen. There was no further change OF
membership until 1903. when Napoleon
added to the thirteen old cantons six
new ones; to wit; 81. Dorian: the drisons:
The sun., 1891-11-15

ssmbly. This power Of direct ministerial ex-
PLANTATION is not, as is the case In England. at
tended with fears OF votes Of oensure on one
side. or OF q penal dissolution on the other
The Swiss Executive cannot dissolve the Swias
Legislature. neither is 1t removable by the ex-
istine Legislative body. the question OF its rc-
election depending on an Assembly not yet In
existence. Consequently the members OF the
Swiss Federal Council are much less tempted
thah are English statesmen to adnpt their
policy to any momontary cry. We be-
lieve that those who carefully examine the
workings Of the Swiss experiment will concur
with Mr.. Winchester in regarding "a refuted
the notion that there can bo no executive pow
or proper unless It derives It's authority from
an Independent source and is made directly
by the people. so that It may claim to be as
truly yrepresentativ OF the people as the I,cgis-
lature itself. In Switzerland. as We have seen.
the members OF the Federal Council are
chosen by the Legislature but being irremov-
able, they are Independent OF their creator.
They nre really responsible to tho people
alone. who at the end Of three years may re-
turn q Legislature opposed to the reelection
OF any member OF the Federal Council.
The sun., 1891-11-15

first tried friendly negotiations. but these fall
nc. resorted TO coercion. A contest Of only
eighteen days' duration put an end to the Bon.
derbund and forced the secedinn cantons baok
into the Confederation. The central Govern.
rnent. having given such decisive proof OF
strength. the time was considered opportuno
for q thorough reformation Of the system.
which was accomplished In the following year.
II Is this Constitution OF 1s4S which. with
some amendments. now constitutes the Fed
eral organic law OF switzerland and which
Mr.. Winchester compares In detail With the
system under which we live.
The sun., 1891-11-15

We pass now TO the Swiss Senate or Council
OF States. which consists Of forty-four repre-
sentatives Each canton elects two and In the
divided cantons each half canton elects one
Likethe NATIONAL Council. the Council OF States
chooses from its members for each session O
President and Vice-Iresident Here. too. the
President has the casting vote on bills. but In
elections has tho same voting powor as other
members. Members Of the Swiss Senate are
not paid from the Federal treasury. but. like
tho members Of our own Congress under the
Articles Of Confederation. receive such com-
pensation as their respective cantons may see
at to give. Another mark Of distinction from
our Senate ts that the mode In which the mem
bers OF tho Swiss Council Of States shall be
elected. the qualifications which they shall
possess. the length OF time which they can
serve. and the relations they shall bear
to those whom they represent-in short. all
tho clements OF their representative
character are determined not by the Federal
Constitution. but by the cantons. Consequently
a great variety OF provisions prevail Some
Senators are chosen for ono year. some for
three; some are elected by show Of hands In
. general assembly OF the whole canton. 9TH
srs byt the eantonsl legislaturs Hts onlywhen
serving On eoRmittsss1 during ysssss that
The sun., 1891-11-15


Of the play. Hamlet. we are reminded. has
Just been told that his mothers seeming vir-
tue is sham. that her apparent love for his
father was only cover for her intrigue with
ClAudius. and from the terms OF the ghosts
disclosure lie is ut first led to believe that Ger
trude was also party to her husbands mur-
der. Murderess and adulteress-these are the
names by which he must henceforth designate
his mother. Frustrated, devastated by the
disclosure. no exclaims: 20. all you
hosts Of heavenl o. earth What elsep"
meaning. What must prepare for
next? 2" Instead Of wondering whether he
shall violate the proprieties and couple hell"
with heaven and earth. no instinctively thinks
Of his love for Ophelia and contemplates 1t in
the light of his fathers revelation. The pos
sible results Of a marriage with her occur to
him. and his instant reputation Of them and
her. and Of the idea OF marriage with any one.
10 shown by the intolerant exclamations:
And shall I coupler HellW What else2 as
here repeated docs not mean what else can
I invokep but 1t Is the heartbroken cry
Of . young man, who finds himself bereft
at once Of the kingdom that belonged
70 him. -of the father, to whom he was
devoted. and Of his faith In woman's
love and virtue. What else can be taken from
himf From what quarter can . now blow be
dealtl' Instantly oomss tho recollection Of
whAthad promised him life Of happiness.
Ophelia's love-that still Is hs. But the ghosts
revelation has made him clear sighted; he
had already marvelled at his mothers short
lived grief: before the disclosure Of her guilt
he had reached the conclusion. Frailty thy
name is.woman.. ..,
Now he measures ophelia by her. compares
thetwo and from his knowledge OF Opheli
charactar oonceiyea that aha Will ha N pIiapt
The sun., 1891-11-15


eligible for the same Office during the ensuing
year. He Is merely the Chairman for twelve
month Of an executive committee. and he can
not therefore In any sense be looked upon az
the executive chief OF the nation. His COM
mission as President simply enhances his dig
nifty and confers upon him no moro powor or
responsibility than no previously possessed as
member Of the Federal Council. The other
members are his colleagues. not his mere
agents or advisors; he Is only prinus in
Ter pares He has no veto. no sppointive
power. no right OF even nominating to
any position. Not single Swiss official
at home or abroad is disturbed by the annual
change In the executive head. 1t would he
preposterous to speak OF the President OF the
Swiss Confederation as chief magistrate. He
ia only the chief Of Board which Board In its
collective capacity discharges the functions Of
. ohief magistrate. His specific privileges,
powers. aud dignities are confined to the addi-
tion OF $500 to his salary. to the right Of giving
audience to diplomatic Representatives ton
dering letters OF oredenoe or recall. TO pgece-
dence on ceremonial occasions. and TO being
addressed as his Excellency
It Is true that previously to 1888 In the dis
tributon OF executive business the presiding
ofioer Of the Council took charge OF '"ths po-
litical department" which included the con-
duct OF foreign affairs Under the present re-
arrangement of portfolios no particular de-
partment Is held to belong to the President
ex.oficio. We may add that It is the uniform
practice for the vice-Prssident to succeed the
President. and the result Of the regulations is
that every member Of the Federal Council be-
comes In turn yioe-President and President
once In seven years.
We have said that the members OF the Fed
eral Council have the right TO participate In Q
debate and make motions In the Federal A.
The sun., 1891-11-15

B8y Oh tu0 bkuus tuo ouly ono WITH WNtcn any
time II associated: Look. you. here's skull
that has been here this dozen year." state
msnt which tho gravedigger proceeds to mako
since our last King Hamlet slew Fortinbras In
combat" After short colloQuy Hamlet asks:
Whose skull was this p and. being answered.
says: "Alas, poor Yoricki Iknew him. Hora-
tio. A fellow Of Infinite mirth. no hath carried
me twenty times upon his back" II Hamlet's
father slew Fortinbras ON the day that
his son was born. this passage from
the auarto OF 1903 undoubtedly proves
that Hamlet was conceived 10 be q
mere boy at the date Of the play. Unfortunate
ly. II proves too much in proving him to bs
only IL yeArs old This overnight seems to
have been noticed and corrected In the second
Quarto and first folio. which make the skull
to have lain In the earth twenty-thres years.
Miss Gilchrist does not seem to see. however.
that whether We accept the reading Of the
first or OF the second quarto. neither can bs
reconciled with Hamlet's statement that Yor-
iok had carried him on his back. provided ws
accept tho other statement that Hamlet was
born on the day when his father slew Fortin-
bras. Yorick's skull having lain in' the
earth since that same day. he could not havo
carried the infant prince upon his back. It
socms. then. that according to the particular
text and passage contemplated. the grave
digger's testimony may be made TO show that
Hamlet was IL or 2S or about 30 years old.
There are less equivocal illusions in the
play which apparently indicate that Hamlet
was not vet Of age. The words. indeed. He's
fat and scapt Of breath" would point to an op-
posits conclusion. but these are said to have
been inserted to sdspt the character to the
Hand County press. (Miller, Dakota [S.D.]) 1882-1893, 1891-04-16
LOCAL NEWSLETS
Marriage Of Mr.. j. ID. Miller to Miss
Ada McWhorter Last Night
In Miller.
A Sheep Inspector to be Selected "as
per" the New Session
Law.
Postmaster Mead "Sees' Sweety. and
Goes him one Harder-Chaf
and Taiiy.
HYMENEAL.

Last night at the residence of the brides
parents in Miller, occurred the marriage
of j. ID. Miller to Miss Ada McWhorter,
Rev. VIM. Bates officiating. There are
no two young Jeople more closely con-
nected with the town than these. They
were among the very first settlers. and
have practically grown up here. The
groom is an energetic member of the
milling firm Of Ii. Miller & Sons, having
direct charge of that business. His record
is such as to guaranty him great respect
from his fellow business men in Miller,
and in many other towns where the firms
business extends. The bride is one Of
those self reliant independant young
ladies peculiar to this resting age and
inyjgorating climate, at once able to make
her own living IN the world, or lend in
tel igent, practical assistance to the man
so fortunate as to secure her as a life
companion. Their host OF friends in
Miller will extend to them a cordial well
come under the new conditions, and
wishes for the full complement of world
ly blessings deserved by worthy and
popular couple. \ large number OF use
full and beautiful Mesents were bestowed
by friends and relatives. The happy
couple will settle down to married life in
the Jno. Pyle residence west 4th street.
Hand County press. (Miller, Dakota [S.D.]) 1882-1893, 1891-04-16
SCHOOL LANDS.
Hand County School Lands Lease for
Si0i.S5-MOre to
be had.
Important Features Of the New School
Law-NO Soft Snaps for
Teachers.
A Miller Residence Destroyed by Fire
Suggestion TO citizens how
TO Help FiremcH.
SCHOOL LANDS LEASED.

Superintendent Failing leased the
school lands of Hand county last Satur
day. The prevailing price was : cts per
acre, except one quarter in f1l5.G6 at six
cents, one in ll5-GS at thirteen cts and one
In ll2-G9 at eight cents. The total amount
ofcash received was S40i,s5. There are
stiil several sections of school lands in
the couuty which may be leased on appli-
cation to the Superintendent. Following
is q description of the lands leased:
w. U. White, s. e. quarter l6-ll3-66,
o. A. Bills, II. W. 1G-ll3-G7.
j. Il. Dolan, lG-lII-67.
l.. V. Kellogg Q. half S. c. lG-ll270.
J. @, Gardner, II. e. lG-ll2-69.
VIM. Bartlett, en-. W. and s. Q. 3G-ll5-66
W.. Somers, S. Q n. w-n. @. s. vic ll2-69
G. VI. Hess, 3G-ll1-G6.
A. G. Jakway, 36-112 &C.
L.W Hubert, s. $. w-s. 5. g. lG-l1l.G
II. w. Woodruff, IA. W. l6-ll0-G6.
Theo. Dressn, II. G. and W. 1Gll3-6G.
Geo. jeffrey, 5. half 36-ll2-6S.
Anton Schlecter, W. half II. G. l6-lI5-G9
JOS. Klute, $. W. 3G-1l6-GS,
III. Leytsow, e. half II. e. l6-llG 81.
Theo Iseke, G. J IL. Wv. n. Q. 1j-l16-G6.
y. w. Heltebridle, s. W. 3G-lI5-GG.
D. NJ. King, I6.ll2-67.
III. F. Catalan. 3G-ll2-G9
" N. half 36.lI2 6S.
y. II. Warke, S. of S. of S. e. 36-112-69.
Geo. Rymal. n. e. 3G-115-68.