davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bossier banner., 1891-08-13
DAIRY SUGGESTIONS.

In the proceedings of the New York
dairy school we find the followinghin
to dairymen:
Never mix sour buttermilk With
sweet cream. If you do it win impair
buttermilk taste to the cream, thus in- [
juring the flavor of the butter
One method of getting rid Of white
specks in butter is by washing it. Thes
white specks are the cheese elements
and are heavier than the butter. 1
cream strainer will not remove them
Salt is equally as good as brine Fl
keeping butter Exclude the an. 1
you are going to pack butter to keep
pack it solidly. Experiments with but
ter submerged in brine resulted II
spoiled butter.
Quicker and better separation may
be secured by adding water to milkin
summer. 1t is absolutely necessary g
add water in the fall and winter Whsa
the milk is vicious, and below the nor
NAL temperature, 9S deg, add warn
water when you set 1t to cream.
Cows will make more butter bYstt
ting their milk separate, and churnius
the cream separate, but in the pTac
tical dairyman's operations it WI
hardly pay to make the separation
1t will not make much difference, un.
less there is a mixture of breeds q
COWS.
Butter is injured where ice Is pui
into the cream. Such practice alwaTsin'
jures the color of the butter. Saltpef'
is an antiseptic, and serves to preveDl
decay, but it is not best to put It ln9
butter. 1t may do when put in imTae
diately, but butter is better without =
1t is not good policy to cool cream
after it is ready to churn by the inslV
duction of ice in the churn. Cool w
cream to the proper temperature r
placing the can containing the cream z
ice water after the cream has bee8
properly ripened. Then warm It 70 tas
proper degree when in the churn y
the introduction of warm water
If salt is properly applied, butte
will not absorb more salt than Is neceT
sary to preserve it through the snm
mer. If butter has been worked 'og
dry, so that the salt will not absosa
the dairyman will have butter thal
too salt. Salt does not preserve pussa'
it only seasons it.
1t is always best to churn when "
have cream enough that has been piug
erly ripened. A man having snl4l
dairy may not secure sufficient cream !. =
churn every day, but it is advisa's
where he has a sufficient quantity
cream. There can be no objection +, :
setting farrow and a young COW 8 a. s
together if the cream is properly ripels'
and cared for.
Cleanliness is the first law u y
dairy, beginning with the COW y <. <.
stable and pasture, and eontinuIDg 8
process radically through to the osa. h.
cry Of the butter in the package e IS
buyer. All dairy utensils must ee ".
scrupulously clean by scalding s
water, then washing with dissolFea 8
soda and securing with salt 80.
sweet dairy rooms should only 0e ~.
and they should be remote from {.
sinks, drains or cesspools, and ~
odors from the stables and pig-st
not reach them
The Bossier banner., 1891-08-13
SUCCESSFUL FARMING.
The Best Evidence of Success is Its OcuIa
Demonstration.

The Best Evidence of Success is Its Ocular
Demonstration.
''Object Lessons" or ''Object Teach
ing," is regarded as the best method of
imparting information. Ocular evi-
dence" is most satisfactory and con-
vincing. For this reason, we heartily
wish every farmer in Georgia could
visit the grass farms of Col. c. Fl.
Phinizy and Major w. H. Warren, near
Augusta, and the truck farm of Mai.
G. NJ. Ryals, near Savannah. We have
recently been permitted to visit these
farms in the order named, and feel con-
strained to give our observations of
them, with the hope that many of our
farmers who will in part at least, be
led to adopt the methods which have
been tested, and found practicable and
profitable.
Col Phinizy and Maj Warren own ad-
joining farms, containing two or three
hundred acres each, near Augusta Both
are sown to grass, both have been
brought to the highest state Of fertility
by the grasses, and both are yielding
the most splendid results.
Col. Phinizy has large herd of regis
tered Jerseys, probably the largest and
best selected in the state. To these he
feeds his hay, selling the surplus hay.
From the sales of milk, butter and hay
he is deriving a fine income, and con-
stantly increasing the production and
value of his land. He has the largest
field of Lucerne ever saw. / saw no
herd of cattle in Ohio the equal of Col.
Phinizy's, nor a field of grass that
would compare with his or Mai.
Warren's Like Col. Phinizy, Mai.
Warren has his place in grass, but Of
different varieties, and which he puts to
different use. We found on his place
a succession of grasses-frst, vetch.
very early, then johnson grass, the two
combined yielding as much as six tons
per acre, and which he readily sells at
his farm for twenty dollars per ton.
The barns on both places are large.
both kept in perfect order, and both
adapted to the purposes for which thev
were constructed. The hay barn Of
Maj. Warren easily holds ten thousand
bales of hay.
Both of these places are run on busi-
ness principles, perfect system and or
der prevailing. Both are successful
grass farms, though using the grass in
different ways.
Eleven years ago, Maj. Ryals began
the trucking business, on the same farm
which he now owns, but which he rent
ed until eight years ago From the be-
ginning he has done profitable bust
ness, and which now yields him the
comfortable net annual income of ten
thousand dollars. His chief crop is
Irish potatoes, of which he has eighty
acres. Then cabbage, and beans, and
tomatoes cucum bers, peas, onions and
all small vegetables. His income from
onions is seven hundred dollars per
acre.
What they are DONG, any farmer in
Georgia can do. Their success is but an
index to what can be accomplished if
the same methods which these gentle
men have successfully tried are adopted.
Maj. Ryals, the heavy member OF
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
Cash Lesses From Nexious insects.

At the third annual meeting Of the AS
ooc;ation of Economic Entomologists
James FLETCHER, Entomologist OF the
Dominion of Canada, directed attention
70 the lack of reliable data for estima-
ting the pecuniary loss to the farmer
resulting from the ravages Of noxlous IN
sects, aud for further estimating the
amounts actually saved by the use OF IN
secticides or by the adoption OF other
remedial or preventive measures recon-
mended by entomologists. Several OF
the publisheA estimates of cash losses are
cited One Of the earliest estimates was
that of Or. Sinner in 1864. He placed
the loss for that year alone IN the one
State of Illinois to the corn and grain
crops through the depreciation Of q SIN
gle species of insects, the chinch-bu
at 81. 900, 900. An estimate that has
been generally accepted is that about
one tenth of the agricultural products of
the United States is annually destroyed
bv insects. In other words, If we ac
cept the estimate of our products at So
500 OOO, 900 it will be seen that 50 $780,
600 are annually lost through insects.
In commenting upon the foregoing
Professor Riley mentioned the fact
that most entomoloysts who write OF the
losses due TO insects la quoted the state
ment Of Walsh, who estimated quarter
of century ago that tue annual losses
from injurious insects in this country
were $500, ,0OO,0 900. Since this time the
values in crops were greatly increased
and the proportionate injury should have
increased accordingly, but we must take
into consideration the advance in econ.
omic entomology, which has greatly re-
duced the loss. II should also be borne
in mind that loss is relative, and that with
a decrease in the amount OF the crop, its
money value is correspondingly increased.
At the close of the address committee
was appointed to prepare statistics OF the
amount Of the insect damage and Of the
benefits resulting from the work 0;
economic entomoiogjsts -Ne1 Yorl
World.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
Will There Be a Glut on Diamonds?

BY degrees the De Beers Comp my has
bought up the four principal mines iii
the district, which are incIulel in the
limited space of four square miles an
comprise the Kimberly, area thirty -oac
acres; Du Toits, thirty five acres; Bl!t
fontein, twenty seven acres, while the
De Beers proper, che most valu,oie ot
all, spreads over eighteen an | one .lt
acres Iu addition it has large pro
prietorship in Brazilian mines rh.
directors therefore strenuolsly insist,
with every appearance of solnI,t rcl3s1-
ing, that the purchase Of thfir shlres
should not be reyardel as a specuactol
like gold mind property, but as sIfe ~
permanent investment. Tlek claim
that. being the chief diamond pro1lcers
in the world, they can 50 regulate the
issue Of stones to the market that they
can maintain steadily uniform price,
and that their unworke1 "b,ue, evcl
at the present level, will suffi:c fox ~ .1y
years harvest on the existin, scale 3 /,
as vet the bottom has not been plume !,
and the deeper the shaft the richer the
produce.
| may mention the theory, whic j
however crude, is not entirely VIII IL.
versimilitude, that the dian on liferiols
material has been thrust up By iy1e5u,
agency from immense profundity throl, i
a superintendent mass, that the j
agent had long ago >rystallizei tae d.
monds: and that If we could di, dpy
to that crust we should ti9l tie brec.eu,
stones sticking to the roo ike pos o:
suet in pudding Nor IS II a--u-i-
can there be the sma.le,. doub.2 ate,
such long ani extensive czpcrieace, :.
to the uniform average richness % tl=
earth. For instance, the accepted es.i
mate that one De Beers tr0ckiosl WI
produce one aai one half ca..ts ls uscfl
and true in theory only, bat that t.oa
sa.d loads will bring 70 liyh: 1872 -
is perfectly accurate il p,actlc- :
Blockuood' Aaydziae
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
S, NAT w. BROWN.
WASHINGTON 5 FitaIe

r. A. Washington Of Index, No,
writes a correspondent from that pacf,
Is the lucky possessor Of fine Old Violin,
which, not only on account Of its history
but individual merit rs well, it is q very
valuable instrument The violin is zeno
of the genuine Italian Crenonas, Swhjch
there are few in existence, which fact
alone makes it il valuable relic But it
is on account Of the iiae of .alqestry
through which this violin deSc4nle1 that
l concluded sketch Of its history would
be interesting to many readers.
Mr.. T. A. Washington is a great 9rsud
son Of Samuel Washington, eldest brother
of George Washington. The old violin
in questiomdcscen1ed down through the
Washington family from that source aal
sIhas no doubt been handled (and probably
owned) by the i!ustrious George himself.
1t was for Il lumber Of years III the
families OF the HammonS and Littles,
VINO are TtldIlNtS ot lIlc w tSlluSeouS-
For many years it laid around unused,
and was badly abused When It came
into the possession of its present owner,
Mr. T. A. Washington, the top was spit
in several places and the neck SO badly
injured that it had to be replaced by
new one. Mr.. Washington ssent the
violin to a music house in Hiram, Ohio,
where it was repaired by n. W. Dayton,
a skilled workman The instrument IS
now in excellent repair and is remarkable
for sweetness and purity Of tone. Mr..
Washington is advised to take his violin
to the Worlds Fair. He thinks Of doing
SO if nothing happens to prevent. 1t
certainly deserves fame.-.St. LoVis
Republie.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
FOOD Beiora Sleep.

Dr.. ". T. Cathell has entered a
strong protest against the old fashioned
idea That people should 60 to bed CON
parativelv hungry He is Of opinion
that fasting during the long iaterval be
tween supper ani breakfast, and espe-
cialy the complete emptiness of the
stomach during sleep, adds greatly to
the amount of eEnaciatioa, sleepiessness
and general weakness 50 often me. with
It IS we'll known that in the body there
is perpetual dIsintegratIon Of tissua
sleeping Or waxing; it Is therefore natural
to believe that the supply Of nourish
ment should be somcw what continuous,
especially in those in whom the vitality
is lowered. As bodily exercise il sus-
pended during sleep, with wear AL tea
CORES pondnyly difninisc /, while diyes
ton, assimilation and nutritivc activity
continues Us usu.l, the fool furnished
during this pcrio Al Il N ore than il De
stroyc1, aai ncrcasci weigh. All ita
p.ovel general vispr Is the result, NJ
ANIMALS excep- .ral CT. before steep, aal
there is reason why fnia should forn
an execution - tle rule u Cl.hei is
satsf t1a. w.-c the weekly the e.na.
ciate AMI tie sleep pifsi I, nightly taks
a No.. =, Al -. z,-,.f -..-..t,,. ;oa 1
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
Children as Diamond Finders.

The discovery OF diamonds in South
Africa was brought about by two Dutch
children, who tossed diamond in the
air and caught it, thinking it was peb
Bile They were playing the childish
game one day in 1867, when John
oReilly, an interior trader, stopped at
their fathers farm in Griqualaud West.
near the Vaal River, to trade for skins.
and he was attracted by the peculiar
clearness and transparency of the pebble.
he asked one Of the children 10 show il
to him, and after he had examined /: he
was satisfied that it was stone OF some
value. The father, Van Nlerk bv name.
laughed when O'Reilly offered to buy
the stone and said ths. plenty Of them
could be found in the river. O'Rcflly
accepted the stone as gift, ana prom
iscd that if he succeeded in selling it be
would give half the proceeds 10 Van
Nierk toward the expenses Of educating
the girl, which was the Dutch farmers
greatest desire
At Hope IOWA the stone was exam
ined by many traders, but nobody sup
ported O'Reilly in the belief that !, was
valuable, its size being too large OReilly
kept it carefully until he had time to
send it to DR.. Atherstone, a capable ac-
thority in Grahamstown, who said that
it was a diamond Of about TWENTY-FIVE
karats. Some time afterward Sir Philip
Wodehouse, then Governor of the Cape,
bought the diamond for $500 Dn his
return to the Vaal, O'Reilly gave $3.50
to the little girl, and asked her If she
had any more pebbles. II the stone
came from the river, as Van Nicrk had
said, more must be there, O'Relly ar
guctl, and he hired natives to collect for
him all the transparent stones they could
find on :he river blnhs Sackful after
sacklul were examined, but O'Reilly
found only one more Diamond four
karat stone.
That is the story Of the discovery of
diamonds told by j. Thornburn IN the
London Grapitc 1t agrees with the
authorities in describing children, as tho
first finders, and it is probably srue in
regard to details, because he was one of
the men who went to the Vaal to search
for diamonds after the news Of O'Reilly's
find had been spread among the
traders and settlers For three wears
after O'Rcilly's find the banks of the
river were washed for diamonds, but not
many were found. The finding of some
diamonds In the mud walls of q harte-
bccste hut lel to the opening of the dry
di g.ings, Thornburn says, and soon the
most profitable search was in the ground
Of the now famous Du Tots Pan. De
Beers and Kimberley mines. --Nelo Or
}cns Times Dem,crat
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

The Louisville Cmrier-Jurnnl re
marks: 40 less tht4 six OF the United
STATE. of America have at varlo1. times
become railroa pprietors, bat in every
instance state ownership has provel Q
h.ItHe, al tle properties have been
eonveyeito private owners. This fact
Is u considerable interest at the present
time, wAenso many ill-alvisci eathusi-
ast' propose 5tlte mana cement as a
pantee. fortIl Ills. |, my be aile1
ia. tn lji:a.tin5 4tt y ling the Gov
err infringement % railways in
South ierlca anl Australia ar: no
igrt,,a,.n
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

They are talking in Cleveland, Ohio,
of drawing fresh water from the lake BY
building i steel tunnel two and half
miles olt from the shore. An engineer
representing 4 c)npiny went before tho
Board Of Contro, the other day anl dc.
scrbel how tn" work could Be done.
The tunnel, he said, would b, built Of
steel one half inch thick, ia sections one
thousiad feet in length and eight and
onc-half feet in diameter. Bulkheads
would be- pat in at each Joint Each
section would be filled with air aud could
be tloatei out to the place where it IS
necessary to sink it. All the sections
would be ioiacl together by men WORK
ing oa RATS. The entire length oi two
4ll q half miles would be sunk in solid
piece by opening The manh oles and pull.
jDg Oh. the bulkheaks. Tue mlnholes
would then he closed by a mechanical
contrivllae The tunnel would cost halt
is much aS one Of brick, and the com
pany offers to lay itin the lake in four
months. 1t has been estimtteI that the
CONSTRUCTION Of . brick tunnel would take
four years The Board Of Control is dis
pose To favor the proposal.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
His Greatest 'At"

fhe New York 1Vgc;a, spanking of
Dr. Henry J. lielmbold, recalls one Of
the most successful of the great adver
tisers methods o. attracting attention To
himself. 1t was the evening before the
second Inauguration Of General Grant us
President that Dr. Iielsnboli arrived in
Washington from New York, bringing
with him his team Of six bloole1 bay
horses, which, in gold mounted harness,
were attached to til" most expensive vic
toria Of that day. II" announced ~
once the purpose ot his visit, and, driv
ing to the White House, rendered the
use Of the e9ulpa5c to tae President IN
hi, trip 70 the Capitol the next day. Tne
offer was Of course politely declinol, as
Dr. IIeimbold Ia Lexpectci it wouldfbc,
but the fact that the D Tc- had been male
was telegraphcd far and wide, AM that
was all the doctor desired. Il was the
greatest advertisement ot his life, and
had been secured at comparatively small
cos.. The next day he added to the rec,
ord already made He appeared himself
in the procession to the Capitol, fiashily
dressed ana driving the now famous
team, of which every body in town had
heard, and Was probably, next after tue
President. the most Observed individual
on the avenue ,Ie va, d-lgshte With
the success Of his scheme
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
Seeming Newspapers.

According to Lonion letter ga de-
cided innovation in the printing world
ha. been INTRODUCED into the office % tho
News aud Post, .. which j. II. Copies
ton, formerly we'll knowa il Ne" York
as a Journalist. is the manager. Any
desired odor may be produced, aai the
experiment has proved not only q c,ea,
success, but q big advertisement for TIC
journal" =
There is noshing\0es aa.i@g shea1a u
Journalism. A Cana1iaa pa,ea. -,
scenting white paper for newspapers "a
granted years ago. Aay onc interested
can find it in the Dominion pa.ca, pub
lications on file il the Asto- Libr.ry.-
.fec York Ne1s-
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

The City Court Of Winon4, Nina, has
just rendered decision IN tle case OF
Susan Jones, a school teache-, wlo was
tried on the charge OF a>sauitins Willie
F.o-o, on Of her pupils. tle teacher
hal whipped hin for some misdeneanor,
land the prosecution held cha- she hai 10
lawful right to do 50. The court de-
cided that the teacher hal riga. to
vaip the pupils, a. her discretion, 50
long as the punishment was no. brutal
aud excessive.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

The .%cit,.tlrc .4merlcnn boasts that the
finest stationary engines made in the
world, for economy, durability and
elegance in design, are made. in the
United Sta;cs English engines are
often bulky AMI clumsy French engine:
are frequently cratic in design anc
fragile III construction.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
II is said that the wealthy people

II is said that the wealthy people 0
Mexico are getting more add more into
the habit of travelling in the United
States rather than in Europe Up 10 the
time Of the com nple.ion of the Mexican
Central Railway Mexican travellers were
much more familiar with London than
with New York or Chicago.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

p s. WitherDee, who Is known as ths
"sapphire King o. Montana, says
"Inside Of I've years .sasoughly believe
the value of precious s,o.rss produced IL
Montana will equal the va.uc q the an.
nual outpu. of al the precious rnetai
produced il the country"
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

1t Is snid that the majority Of business
men IN Paris, France, give up their busi-
ness at forty, if by that time they have
acquired even modest osnpctcnce, and
30 not trouble themselves about CONNER.
cial pursuits for the future.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

The New York Press marvels that "Her-
man Oelrichs's offer Of $500 TO any one
who can prove that human being has
ever been bitten by shark has not yet
been claimed
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
THE HILl,SBOR0 BOOK STORE.

E hwini ofarrl offered til
,wnhu atntn Gents cling Toilet
elites Scissors
W Box anllantu
Beautiful neof fXl Smokers nd
% til t,h
ny t tIctM sTuIy
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19

The raisin crop of California will fal!
abort fully 200. 900 boxes this year.
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
Why We Celebrate The 25tl DAY 6f December as Xmas

hwohdw sbor,
G" " H Hpenm in mna1Hv :adavwhc nfun
taE l l homd1e wtht olanln
% Xa b
1h hhent face tann %
nlncem mnn blessed
world ded
" el sfmrnn which
o y a% % for
f nH earelpr
word
as H blowing ti:
f II h
Orange County observer. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1880-1918, 1891-12-19
CHRISTMAS 1891.

II THINK ghwar
ef Thoughtful fiji
Of fXnaSum
0 Xs nc
The St. Johns herald., 1891-09-10

On Saturday afternoon a very pe- cullar phenomenon was experienced. A small bank of detached clouds came drifting over Florence from the east, accompanied by contin- uous roll of thunder that lasted full ly half an hour. Not a moment did its vibrations cease and from the beginning to the end It rolled with greater or less intensity, and accompanied by no visible flashes When it ceased a slight fall of rain took place and the cloud disappeared.-Enterprise.
The St. Johns herald., 1891-09-10
John aIadduX Killed.

John Maddux was killed in the
 shaft of the Allan Storey turquoise 1 mines, eighteen miles south of San ta
 Fe yesterday morning. He was engaged in the bottom of the shaft, seventy-five feet deep, and had fired the last blast of the day and started
 up the shaft in the bucket when the rope broke and let him fall, a dis tance of about sixty feet. Scarcely had his body struck the bottom of the shaft when the blast of giant powder, he had but few minutes be- fore set match to,exploded. Death was almost instantaneous One of the men on the surface went down to his rescue as soon as the blast ex- ploded and Maddux gasped, "this is the end of me-" and died. His body was completely covered by loose rock thrown down by the explosion, only hls head being wis., ible. Maddux was a young man widely known to the mining frater- nity and generally esteemed. His brother-in-law, Harry Scranton, came in to-day and secured casket in which the remains will be inter- ed atCerrillos this afternoon.-New Mexican.