davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
doubt that they answered truly in say

dOuDt tnat tney answered Truly IN say
ing, Lake Itasca," and yet, in all this
time, far up in the wilds of Minnesota,
the cold, deep waters of Veritas Cupert
have been silently performing the tunc-
ton of primal reservoir, and flowing
on through the great channel to the
gulf. Indians have pushed their birch
canoes out upon the lake beyond and
above Itasca, followed their favorite
sports upon its shores, and slaked their
thirst at its crystal COMMUNICATING
it name of their own full of beauty
and meaning, "Pokegama," which our
English translates, "The place where
the waters gather" But now the spirit
of adventure has thrown a new light
upon Pokegama. The red man nc
longer holds undisputed sway, for his
white brothers have invaded the path
less forests and pushed their boats out
upon the silent lake, remaining il
"GlaZier," in honor of the intrepid man
who has established its true relation
to the Mississippi. This explorer, as
is well known, was the leader of an ex.
petition which visited the head waters
of the Mississippi in 1881. For some
time before the final step of forming
such an expedition had been taken.
Capt Glazier had strongly suspected
that Lake Itasca was not the true
source. The doubt Of it's being such
had been held by him ever since his
journey on horseback across the CONT
nent from Boston TO San Francisco In
1876, when he heard from Indians who
had lived in Northern Minnesota that
they knew of another lake to the south
of ltasca which they believed 10 be the
source of the Father of Waters So
the project began. From that time
Capt Glazier looked forward to the
day when he should satisfy himself on
the subject. For, be it known, he is a
born explorer. 1t is generally known
now, by his own account and by the
accounts of those who have been inter
ested in the matter, how this lake was
found by him and his companions, and
why it had remained so long unrecog'
nized. There can be no doubt as &c
the claim it now holds upon our maps,
and intelligent people hail its discovery
as the correction of an error which has
been too long disregarded. For the
purposes Ol ODIululnR SheucheS VI uhe
country around the head waters, and
further investigating the northern
tributaries of the river, number OF
gentlemen interested in geography and
science will accompany Capt. Glazier
this summer to the Upper Mississippi.
This trip is announced to be chiefly
one of pleasure, although some serious
attention will be paid to photography,
geology, and botany by experts of the
party. The country is certainly full
of charm for devotees of these sciences,
and those who have been following the
subject OF the newly located source
hitherto will doubtless await with in.
terest further developments which this
second journey will probably bring
forth. chicago Herald.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

the fact that the threads are often from
GOO to !, 200 feet in length, and one pound
of cocoons ought to give q combined
thread about 53S,O0 feet long. The
process of raising silkworms is edious
from beginning to end, as may be judged
from the fact that the product Of LOGO
worms is required TO make single
POUND of merchantab'e silk.
The strands thus made into thread are
passed on TO the weaver and manufact-
ured into the delicate fabrics which de-
light the eyes and gladden. the hearts
alike of pagan and Christian bellies. At
this point Of manufacture, however,
when the product passes into the LOOM
authorizations and frauds become posi-
bic. 1t is impossible to adulterate the
thread, but when the thread becomes
combined with many thousands of 9th
ers TO make cloth frauds are frequently
practiced. In few lines of dry goods is
aduteraton more frequently practiced
than in silks, fact which has been
caused by the demand for cheap yet
snowy goods, for in this country the
servant must look as well a. the million
aires daughter; the woman who scrubs
the front steps is as ambitious so far as
dress is concerned, as the woman who
sits in the parlor There being de-
mand, therefore, for the greatest posi-
bic show at the least possible price
metallic dyes came into use, and also the
practice OF weighing the yarn, espe-
cially that which goes into the manu-
facture OF black silk taSsels and fringeS,
and TO such an extent is this adultera-
ton practiced that oftentimes these
goods are, In weight, two thirds dye and
one third cloth.
Aside from China, where silk has al
ways boon made in abundance, silk cul-
turc is an important branch of industry
in Palestine, in Syria, particularly in the
Lebanon Range, where both Christians
and Mohammedans work side BY side in
the manufacture and realize well on
their labors. 1t is manufactured with
roiit In Turkey and Greece, and also in
Italy. In San Reno and Genoa, i'm Ma
pies, and other town on the western
coast Of the peninsula, whole streets arc
given up to silk-workers, and picturesque
spectacles are presented by these people
with their spinning wheels and looms
their trays and cocoons, and the huge
baskets OF leaves brought in from the
surrounding mulberry plantations for
the sustenance OF their stock in trade
lsdfRcil CulllNdltu III FoDtlil, IOIbuBdl
and I'll @ South OF France, the attempts
which have been ma dc in England and
Germany have not realized the success
hoped for Thorn by the projectors. Tho
climate OF the north OF Europe is not
sufficiently warm, the changes are too
great, the proper food for the worm is
not Always to b. foun1, and tho quality
of the silk depends In no small degree
upon the proper leaf 'rrnisbed for tho
food
The quantity OF silk annually pro-
duced is almost incredibly great There
are every year imported into England
over 5000, 900 pounds of raw silk, over
4,OOO,O0O pounds of waste" and up
ward of 100, 900 pounds of various grades
of thread. total Of more than IL, o0G, :
OC0 pounds year, to aay nothing of silk
goods already manufactured, exceeding
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
Unders landing

their newly discovered manufacture the
Chinese made an effort to keep il q
secret aud derive n benefit from the eX-
port OF silk, without allowing others to
share In the knowledge of the manner
in which II was made. The frontiers
were guarded. 1t was made a crime
punishable by death TO carry either silk
worms, their eggs or cocoons ont Of the
empire The silk was. only exported,
and for twenty centuries the Chinese IN
joyed q monopoly OF the silk manufac-
tnrc trade About $50 A. ID. couple of
monkish missionaries, in the course OF
the wa derngs. crossed The Chinese
frontier. They were kindly received,
and for some years bode i'm city in the
South OF China There t ely learned
the secret OF the silk MANUFACTURES, and
ON their return dete mined TO convey
their knowledge and the means of
spreading the industry to Europe. Each
prepared n hollow cane "a walking
staff, and fired the hollow with silk
worm eggs. III Sc they struggled a"ross
the frontier. and after many weeks OF
weary travel finally reached Constant-
nople, and were admitted o the pr ,sence
of Emperor JustiniaI. TO him they re-
lated the marvellous story and presented
their IRE as re Under tao instructions
Of the monks, who had witnessed the
methods prac; CO by h. Chinese, Tho
eggs werc placed un,cr favorable CON
dit ons, the worms reared and the first
cocoons or seen in Europe were spun
into thread.
From this hmb start, says the
Globe Democrat, tho silk industry of Eu-
rope began. IL was destined to reach
mighty propo: tions and in time TO be so
aided by machinery and mechanical
devices OF various descriptions as
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

such earnest and constant attention of
the manipulation. The eggs are uncer-
tain in Matching, the worms require al
most continual attention, both as to
their food, temperature and light A
sudden draught may destroy the owners
hope of crop. Even the cocoons must
be looked after, for II they are killed too
soon the total amount of silk will not
have been deposited by the inmate,
while if left too long the worms burst
through their covering and spoil the
product The insects are subject TO all
sorts of diseases, innumerable parasites
feed upon them and impair their health,
and even after the cocoons are prepared
for the winter improper treatment may
subject the grower TO a heavy loss.
The silkworm IS commonly spoken Of
as though there were but one kind AS
fact, every caterpillar produces silk
when spinning its cocoon. There are
twenty.nine varieties of worm which
produce an excellent article of silk, but
only three or four are raised exclusively
for this product, aad Of these one is best
in China, while another is better adapted
TO the innate OF India, still ano her
fares best In Asia Minor. and another in
Europe The eggs OF the best kind the
Chinese worm, are exceedingly minute,
about 100, 900 TO the ounce, and the cat
erpiIlar when first Matched Is less than a
quarter Of an inch In length. The in
sect lives from forty-fve to fifty-three
days, and increases in a month to length
sometimes exceeding three inches and u
weight 9, 800 times that at Matching. He
eats necessarily, save when throwing off
the Old skin, when he desists for a day
or so, only to begin with fresh vigor,
and to make a marvellous increase in
size within few hours after the skin is
shed The best food is tho leaf of the
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

cultivated Seven hundred and thirty
nine pounds OF leaves are required TO
make seventy pounds OF cocoons, and
the greatest care Is needed I'm feeding
the worms The leaves must be chopped
and evenly distributed throughout the
trays, otherwise the worms will be un-
equally fed. The products OF two hatch
ings un.ess OF exactly the same size,
must be kept apart or the smaller
worms will starve. After eight weeks
of eating the worm REQUIRES four or five
days TO spin his cocoon, and I'm two or
three weeks will emerge a perfect moth.
Both as worm and moth, however, he is
sluggish in the extreme, the worms sell
dom moving from the trays in which
they are placed. and tho moths rarely
attempting flight. They lay their eggs
upon the cloth placed To receive them,
and die in few hours, taking no nour-
ishment after reaching the moth or per-
feet state.
Oaly those insects designed to propa-
gate their kind arc allowed to come to
perfection, for as soon as the spinning
ceases, which il determined by the alb
sence of sound from within the cocoon,
IA small instrument having been devised
for the purpose OF ascertaining il the
worm is still at work, the cocoons are
stihed or placed in hot water in order TO
kill the insects and prevent further de-
velopment
In Mount Lebanon, where the silk
manufactures are extensive, the cocoons
are frequently crushed with maTlet;
but the general impression is that by
thi process the silk is injured. Both in
China and India the insects are killed
with boiling water, which Is believed to
do its work effectuaIly, without in the
least harming the precious covering.
After tiliing the cocoons they are load
ed into trays or baskets. and transport
ed TO the reelers, who begin operations
by stripping the cocoon OF its delicate
flo sy covering, which then becomes
"waste" or rejected silk. The cocoons
are then placed in water and stir
red with carefully trimmed birch
rcd, which is lifted from timte TO time to
ascertain IL any threads are adhering to
it As soon as one is found 1t is caro-
fully traced to its cocoon, another is
picked out and joined To IL, and when
four or five are thus collected the com
bined thread Is placed upon a reel which
Is slowly turned and the threads I'M
wound from the original package Much
care is required at this part OF the oper
alton, for the threads are OF unequal
length, and, besides, are frequently
broken, so as soon as one runs out or
breaks another is found and joined at as
nearly as possible the same point. The
reel must be far enough from the pan
containing the cocoons to allow the
thread to dry In transit, and the tedious
ness Of the process may be Judged from
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
About the silk Worm.

The credit of originating the silk in
dustry is due TO woman. About 4, 500
years age, the Empress Si-Ling-Chi was
passing an artificial pond in the palace
grounds, when she perceived, lying in
the water, certain cocoons of a bright
yellow color, from which pretty threads
floated away on the surface Of the
water. She bade one of her maids stoop
and gather up the threads, when, to her
establishment, they unwound from the
ocOons. The process continued, the
bright yellow strands were wound round
stick until the cocoons were exhausted,
and thus was begun what, next to tea
growing, proved to be the most import
ant industry of the Chinese Empire.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
!. Nor does this rep

In value 500, o0o. Oc0. Nor does this rep
resent more than the consumption OF a
single nation, and IL is estimated that
the total annual consumption Of tho
world exceeds 1O0 600, 600 pounds year.
Attempts have been made to raise the
worm in the United States, but not with
marked success. Before the revolution
AIRY war the silkworm was introduced
into Virginia, North and South Carolina,
and Georgia, but the industry died out
completely during the revolution, and has
not been resumed to any considerable
extent But the silk manufactures Of
this country form an important part of
it, business. BY the census OF 1880, 1t
appeared that there were $50 factories
with capital of $40. 1875, 800, employ ing
80, 900 hands, and turning out in the pre-,
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
Rapid Transit.

The following dialogue took place
between two old colored folks on the
street:
"Atlanta's got rapid transit now,
sure"
what do You mean-the dummy
kyars?'
"No, / doesn't mean no dummy
"You mus be talkin' bout de 1ectrio
line, den."
mo, isn't, neither"
swell. gives it up; what you talk
in 'bout?"
@Pm talkin' bout dat patrol Vaughn,
case it takes you furder in ten minutes
dan you'll get back from in six
months. - Yankee Blade.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
ceding year S34, $40, 723 worth OF goods.

ceding year S34, $40, 723 worth OF goods.
The days Of the excessive costliness
Of silk have gone by, and the probability
is that In the next few years large addi-
tions will be made to the silk-producng
area OF the world. Southern California,
many parts of'the Southern States the
West Indies, Mexico, Central America,
the northern part of South America and
large districts in Africa are excellently
well suited to the growth and develop
ment OF the worm, as well as the null
berry on which it feeds, and IN not a
few localities arrangements are now
being made, both in this and other
countries, by planting mulberry groves,
to prepare for silk culture.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

IT is expensive economy to make a
part of the truth suil'ce for the whole.
TIE balloon route to the top of Olym-
pus has never been successfully travelled.
BEWARE OF the vicious man who pro-
poses TO reform his life on the INSTALL
ment plan.
DON'T worry your brain about the man
In the moon, but study the man in your
own overcoat
THE true prince will find IL easier to
disguise himself than the world would
have him believe.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
Refin,ng Away Fidelity,

Canine fidelity. according to a re-.
cent writer, is declining. AS careful
breeding develops the beauty and
amiability of the dog, the stronger and
more savage traits OF his nature are
eliminated; and though gentler, and a
safer pet, the dog of the future will
lack the intensity of devotion which
msrked former types.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

The incident led to the prosecution OF
experiment; the threads were spun and
woven, and gorgeous Gatr.cS, such as
till then the wor ha Il W seen, soon
adorned the Princess and her maids of
honor For her discovery she was held
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
THE SILK INDUSTRY.
SINGULAR ORIGIN OF AN I'M
PORTANT MANUFACTURE.

Car. OF tho Worms-Unwinding the CO.
coon--Enormous Prices Paid I'm Early
Times Tor The Fabric - Larva and
Moth-An Exhibition of the Finished
I1raducI
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

Source of tho Mississippi.
For many years students have been
answering the question, What is the
source of the Mississippi q without a
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

in the highest esteem; she was enrolled
among the Chinese goddesses under the
title Of Sienthsan, the fir. t who raised
stlkworms," and to the present day is
the patron deity Of all silk-woBm growers
and slkworkers
Unders tauding the Importance of
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

A PAINTER locked up in the Jail at
Dubuque, Iowa, is decorating the
walls with landscape pictures.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

vantage of using these, however, is the
fact that they produce poor quality of
silk, and wherever silk culture is TO be
practiced with the hope of profit, the
white mulberry should be previously
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL.
AN INTERESTING AND INsTRUC-
TIVE LESSON.

Reflections of an EIevating Charactei--
Wholesome Food for Thought = study.
Ing the scriptural Lesson Inteliigently
and Probably.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

white mulberry. but in default Of
this, other leaves are grecdily eaten, and
the worm will thrive on the leaves of
the black mulberry, or the Usage orange,
or even Of the lettuce. The disad
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02
Sober Thought..

Next Lesson-@Chrlst and the Blind Man. n
John o; Ill, 1913
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-09-02

Wherever we meet with Jesus he Is MASTER
ly. Is he healing the sick? is he comfort
ing the sorrowingT Is he reasoning with
his enemies2 Everywhere he IS hawless,
perfect Here we have an example OF our
Savior's argument. 1t is unanswerable.
And the question with which the lesson ends
still stands rs IA quenchless challenge to the
world, (which of you convinceth ne of
sin?n Specifies we are. And what then
Is the conclusion? III without sin, then he
Is what he claimed to be. the Son OF God.
And what am /? One OF two things, either
q rebel or n disciple. Which is IL?
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1886-1893, 1891-06-26
E n G y k | / k a
Jego ~Swletobliwosci
Papieza Leona Kill
kwestyl robotn1czej.

Czcigodnym Braciom, Patryar-
chom, Arcybiskupom i Biskupom
katolickiego swiata, ktorzy stoja W
4acznosci re Stollca Apostolska,
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1886-1893, 1891-06-26
co SbYCHAG.

ROSYA. Car przyby1 z iona
do miasta Moskwy celem zwiedze-
MIA wystawy obrazow. Przyjazd
lego opoznif sic o kilka dni, a to
2 tego powodu, poniewaz pollcya
W Mosxwie odkry}a 4 pud}a Z dy-
namitem, ktore nihilisci Ma plac
wystawy potajemnie wniest zdofa>
Ii. Ma torze kolejowym, kt6redy
car m,a} przejezdzac, odkryto
tez W ]ednem miejscu miny dyna-
mitowe. Dlatego Gala droge zrewi-
dowano, a gdy car jecha}, to ma
ca}ym torze sta}o wojsko, CO XII
kadzlesiat krok6w zo}nlerz. Ma
stacyach w~szedzie wiele wojska'
gotowego ma kazdy p%rzypadek:
Sfychac, re car talk sobie stolice
zbrzydzi1, re zamierza przenlesc
sic ma stale m%ieszkanie do mlasta
Moskwy. Me dziwota; W Peters,
burgu tax jest, re gdzie a stap-
ME, tam moe sic spodzlewac MI
ny dynamitowe]: nigdy n'gdz1e
ME Jest pewnym zycia. Co chwl-
la odkrywa tamtejsza pollcya spis'
kl; teraz donosza, re vykry4a spl-
SEX student6w u 500 osob re-
wizy1 dokonano. Car mysli, re W
Moskwie bedzle lepiej, ale kto
VIE? Przesladowanle zydow W Ro.
syi trivia clagle daIej: wypedzaja
ich ma gwa}t, a tylko "a wielka
4aska moze ten lub 6w kllka ME.
slecy j~eszcze pozostat, aby swoje
sprawy zatatwic.-Car zabawl} tyi-
ko diva DIM w Moskwie potem
wr6ci1 do Petersburga.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1886-1893, 1891-06-26
GRECYA. z wyspy Korfu

GRECYA. z wyspy Korfu,
gdzie sic owo morderstwo i zabu-
rzenie przeciw zydom zdarzy}o,
1eszcze ME ma pewniejszych VIA
domosci. Stychac tylko, re tamtej-
81 zydzi wynosZa SIZE ma gwa}t z
mlasta / ~wyjezdzaja do Austry1 i
innych KRAKOW. Sultan turecki
zaprasza ich do swego kraju, CO
sic nazywa Albania chce i'm pra-
vie darmo daG ziemie. Ale zydzi
pewnie tam ME p6ida, be tam
by trzeba clezko pracowac, gdyz
to kral ~g6rzysty i dzlkl.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1886-1893, 1891-06-26
Papiez Leon XIII.

Czcigodnvm Braciom, pozdrowle-
ME i btogosfawienstwo apostolskie!
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1886-1893, 1891-06-26
,Ci2g dalszy.) :

Co sic tyczy wyDoru zawo-
du zyclowego, to kazdemu pozos-
tawlona jest zupe}na swoboda,
vice kazdy moze wediug woll swej
albo stosujac sic do rady bosklego
Pana naszego wlesG zycie wstrze-
miezlimie, albo tez wst2plG W
zwlazek maEazehskl. a zadne pra-
wo ludzkie me moze wydrzcc
cziowlckowy naturalnego p1erwo-
tnego prawa zawarcia malzehstwa
ami aawet w czemkolwlek ogranl-
eye gi6wnego cclu tel Swiet2
powaga Boskq od stworzenla swla-
ia zaprowadzoncj mstytucyi.
Ro$niclc i mndzcie sic! "(lis. Moi
seszo V. I. 28). Tenn otto s!owy
utworzonq zostala rodzina.
Rodzina, czyli spofccznoSC
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1886-1893, 1891-06-26
RZYM. ] Czerwca odbv} SIG

w I NJ. ] C1e1 wa VUVT1 "
tajny konsystorz, ma ktorym w.
ciec sw. zamianowaf ks. Rotelll l
arcybiskupa wledenskiego Grusze
kardyna4ami; pr6cz tego kilkanas-
tn biskup6w. Arcyblskupa gn1ez-
niensko-poznahsklego ojciec sw.
ME zemlanowat jeszcze. Nastepn1e
mowif Oiciec sw. o Sven ostat-
MEM plsmie W sprawle robotnl-
czeJ.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1886-1893, 1891-06-26
WKOCHY. Sfychac, re nieza

VELOCITY. S}ychac, re nieza>
dfugo maja sic tn ziechac wyblt'
nj mezowle z ce}ego swiata, ably
radzi6 mad TEN, jakby raz ma
zawsze wojay skasowac. kazty
spdr miedzy pahstwami mla}by
isG pred sgd polubowny lnnych
panstw. Chwilowo ME MONA iesz-
cze myslec, ably sic tax sta}o, ale
byioby dobrze, gdyby to nast2plfo
DO wtedyby pahstwa lyle wo]ska
ME utrzymywafy, co jak wiadomo,
ogromne pieniadze k%osztuje i lud
ubozy.