davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The record-union., 1891-06-05
ON TIE DIAMOND.
Results of Yesterdays League
ASGOC.infinn Games

Results of Yesterdays League and
Association Games.
BosToN, June 4.-The home team put
up a very poor game and were easily
beaten to-day. Score: Cleveland 6, Bos-
ton l. Batteries-Young and Zimmer:
Nichols and Camel.
New YORK, June 4.-The Cincinnati
boys could not gauge Keefe's curves very
well. Score: New York 4, Cincinnati 2.
Batteries-Keefe and Buckley; Rhines
and Harrington.
PHILADELPHIA, June 4.-The home
team batted Baldwin hard at the right
time to-day, while the visitors could do
nothing with Esper, Score: Philadel-
phia 8. Pittsburg 2. Batteries-Esper
and Clements; Baldwin and Mack.
BROOKLYN, June 4.-The Bridegrooms
gave a miserable exhibition to-day, and
the Chicagoans won as they pleased.
Score: BROOKLYN, Chicago II. Batteries
Daily and Hemming; Stein and Kit
redge.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION.
ST. LOUIS, June 4.-St. Louis u, Balti-
more l.
COLUMBUS, June 4.-Columbus 9, Wash
ington 0.
CINCINNATI, June A. Cincinnati 8,
Athletics l.
LOUISVILLE, June 4. = Louisville 6,
Boston 5.
The record-union., 1891-06-05
NATIONAL DEBTS.
The French National Debt Is the Iarg.
est in the World.

SSJ III IlIS w OFIu.
The Census Bureau has been comnilinp
statistics of foreign as well as domestic
public debts. 1t lately gave out for pub
lication a statement showing that the
debts of foreign nations, less sinking
funds, increased from S23, ,4SI ,572, ,lS5 in
1880 TO So, ,636 075, $40 in $780, an increase of
81, l54 ,503, $50. During the same time our
own national debt was reduced from ST.
90, ,517 1864 to S9l5, 1862, 112, decrease of
81, COZ. .555, ,252. 1t thus appears that we
have reduced our national debt nearly
one-half as much as all other countries
have increased their debts.
The French national debt is the largest
in the world. 1t was "a, ,446, ,793, ,398 in
1890, as against 8, IA, 7S2, AS in 1880. Large
as is this total for 1890, there is reason to
believe that it is far below the true figure.
Probably it includes only the funded
debt. But, in addition 10 this, there is an
enormous floating Indebtedness A few
weeks ago it was estimated by high finan-
cial authority that the total Indebtedness
of the French Government exceeded
| ST, ,000, ,000, 900.
The second debt in magnitude is that of
Russia = s., ,49l ,018,074 in 1890, against
s., ,3lS, ,953, ,009 in 1880. The third is that of
Great Britain -S3, $50 us, ,56S in 1890
against 1857, ,746. $50 in 1880. Russia and
Great Britain, therefore, have changed
places since 1880, the former having in
| creased ltS ueDt Dy ABOUT Slf3,UU0,UOO, and
the latter having paid off about S227 ,000,-
600. Some of the other large national
debts are as follows:
Austria 1890. 1880.
Hungary. 81 ,S66, 339,53 $2,324 ,5O9, ,572
Italy........... 2,324,S26,329 2,014, ,237, ,932
Spain ...... 1,251,453,696 2,5s3, 3,209,252
There is no other national debt much in
excess of S500, 100000 with the exception
of that of the United States. The sur
prising thing is that Spain is credited
with reduction of more than 81 $3.50, ,O0O,-
| 600 .in the ten years. 1t may be safe to
assume that the figures have been trans
posed and that there has been an increase
instead of decrease to this extent.
| The smallest European debt in proper
! ton to population is that of the German
| Empire-only S77,577, ,7l9, or not more
! than & per capita. There are no data for
comparisons with 1880. The smallness of
| the German debt is some compensation
for the enormous burden of military
service, which is none the less onerous
because it appears only to q limited ex-
/ tent in the form of direct money contribu-
tions from the people. Chicago Herald.
The record-union., 1891-06-05
Entertainment and social.

The ladies of the English Lutheran
Church will give an. entertainment at
Pioneer Hall this evening, when the fol-
lowing programme will be rendered:
Piano duet, Misses Susie and Flora Robi-
nette; quartet, "Come Where the Lilies
Bloom" Messrs. Walling and DeMerritt,
Mrs. Walling, Mrs. Weiss; tableau,
Easter" Misses DeMerritt, Robb and
Bowly; solo, Mrs. ]. G. Walling; exhibi-
ton of the New Phonograph'' by ''Bill
Nye"; duet, Edward Williams, Miss
Emma DeMerritt; recitation; song, ''Mr.
and Mrs. Snibbs" Gn costume), c. Bow
man and Irene Clifford; address by a
dwarf from Greenland, in native cos
tune; recitation and tableau, "Old
Woman Who Lived in Shoe," Lily
Hall; either duet, Messrs. Meyer and
Ruhl; solo, Mrs. Marie Weiss; exhibition
of Egyptian mummies, by the famous
Psychologist, Professor Rattlebones, Phi.
ID. X. Y. Il. f. H.; banjo solo, Frank
Veach: tableau, MAY Queen" Pianist,
Mrs. Hills.
Refreshments will be served at the
conclusion of the entertainment.
The record-union., 1891-06-05
SCENE OF WILD CONFUSION.
Illinois Legislators Excited Over the
WORLDS Fair Appropriation Bill.

Illinois Legislators Excited Over the
Worlds Fair Appropriation Bill.
SPRINGFIELD, June Am extraordi-
nary scene of wild confusion and excite
ment was witnessed in the lower House
Of the General Assembly yesterday when
the Worlds Fair bill, which, as passed by
the Senate, appropriated 81 ,0OO, 600 for the
Illinois exhibit, was acted upon.
Efforts to reduce the appropriation to
$500, 200 or 100000, sucessively were de-
feated, but on motion fixing the amount
at S750,0O0 it was apparent that the vote
would be a tie.
Then Speaker Crafts Democrat) voted
for the amendment, and ignoring a Re-
publican member, who wished to change
his vote, hurriedly announced the vote
closed.
The the House became a bedlam of
shrieking, disappearing and hurrahing
men.
Crafts coolly declared the S75O,OOO
amendment adopted in the face of the
terrific storm of protest
The Speaker would only listen to the
motion to adjourn and calmly declared it
carried.
The members were now yelling and
running about like wild men. Half a
dozen made a rush for the Speaker to
drag him from the chair, but were fore
IDLY held back by friends.
The record-union., 1891-06-05
The Milkman's Confession.

A st. Louis lady tells the strange con-
fession of a milkman. For some time
past she had suspected that the cream
left at her house was diluted. Although
it had plenty of foam on top it did not
seem equal in quality to good milk. She
determined to interrogate the milkman,
and SO she watched for him. When he
came she informed him of her suspicion.
At first he insisted that the cream was as
good as any sold, but when she persisted
in her statement that she had drunk
country milk that was far better, he
weakened and said: Can you keep Sc
cret, mum? Well, to tell you the truth,
mum, the cream you get is not cream at
all. The foam that is on top is made
from the white of eggs, and is put there
to make you believe you are getting the
genuine article. But you are right in
suspecting you amt. It's nothing but
a delusion-and maybe you might say a
sham, too. But / don't know. Most
people never find out the difference, and
SO long as they don't know as how they
are being fooled, why, what's the odds?''
The record-union., 1891-06-05
on THE TURF.
Results of Yesterdays Racing Events
on Eastern Tracks,

Results of Yesterdays Racing Events
on Eastern Tracks.
WEsTcHEsTER, June 4.-The track was
fast. Five and half furlongs, La Tosca
first, Civil Service second, Keywest third.
Time, 1:044.
One mile, Snowfall first, Long Dance
second, King Maker third. Time, 1:413.
Mile and an eighth, Maidstone first,
Senorita second, Lepanto third. Time,
1:55.
Five-eighths of mile, Vestibule first,
st: Florian second, Laughing Water
third. Time, 0:594.
Three-quarters of a mile, Pessara first,
l.. ..lntriguante second, Flavilla third.
Time, Ill.
One mile, Esquimaux first, Stryke sec
ond, Kempland third. Time, 1:414.
AT CHICAGO.
CHICAGO, June 4.-The track was slow.
Ihree-quarterS of mile, Upman won,
Blue Banner and Bill Nye dead heat for
Seven-eighths of mile, Ivanhoe won,
Pat Conley second, Bolster third. Time,
1:39.
Five-eighths of mile, Jim Murphy
won, Wautaga second, Milo third. Time,
LILO.
Nile and sixteenth, Eaklr won, Post
Odds second, Rose Howard third. Time,
2:02.
One mile, Heller Shelter won, Silver
ado second, RedGght third. Time, LOO.
AT LAToNIA.
LAToNIA, June 4.-The track was slow.
Mile and seventy yards, Cashier won,
Consignee second, Remedy third. Time,
1872.
One mile, Linlithgow won, Onlight
second, Mirabeau third. Time Isl.
Mile and an eighth, Redsign won,
Mora second, Shibboleth third. Time,
2:04
erson second, Georgetown third. Time,
2:07.
Half mile, Judge Hughes won, Fran
els second, Hamline third. Time, 0:531
The record-union., 1891-06-05
Just Like Mules,

A queer accident happened at the
Mosquito bridge last Thursday. J. A
Campbell, teamster hauling shakes, un-
hitched span of mules there in order tc
make the turn more easily, and the ami
mails, with a perversity that only mules
could exhibit, began to back toward the
stream and actually committed suicide
before their owner could reach them. as
they fell over the cliff into the boiling
terrent and soon disappeared.-El Dorado
Republican.
The record-union., 1891-06-05
CITY Drainage Question.

Mayor Comstock has sent invitations to
of the Board of Trade this evening to
discuss the drainage question and other
matters for the Improvement of the city.
1t is to be hoped that there will be q large
that full discussion may be
had as to the best methods to he pursued
in dealing with these important ques-
finnS
The record-union., 1891-06-05

The reign of Mary, the daughter of
Henry Will, which lasted about five
years, was the shortest in English his
tory, and that of Victoria, which now
reaches nearly fifty-four years, is the
longest. Lady Jane Grey, usurper,
who was proclaimed Queen just before
Mary, ruled about ten days.
The record-union., 1891-06-05

Vegetation in the Alps recedes down
ward from year TO year. Formerly Alpine
roses grew at an altitude of 1900 feet.
Now they are seldom found higher than
$500 teet, and are at that hight stunted.
Beeches have gone down / 200 feet. Vari-
Gus berries, which once flourished 7,501
feet above sea level, do not grow in higher
attitudes now than $500 feet.
The record-union., 1891-06-05

A Wyoming man who has investigated
saw that prairie dogs obtain water for
drinking by digging wells. Each village
has one with concealed opening. He
SAYS he knows of several of these wells
from fifty to two hundred feet deep, each
having circular stairway leading down
to the water.
The record-union., 1891-06-05

The greatest novelty in dolls has now
been invented in Nuremberg, the great
German town for dolls and playthings.
A machine in the doll causes it to move
it's hand and write neat little letters on a
slate or on paper. Whole sentences can
be written to the great amusement of
children.
The record-union., 1891-06-05

The largest grapevine in the world is
that growing in Oys, Portugal which has
been bearing since 1902. Its maximum
yield was in 1884, in which year it pro-
duced sufficient quantity of grapes to
make 565 gallons Of wine.
The record-union., 1891-06-05

Aff1icts half the American people yet there Is
only one preparation of SarsapariIla that acts on
The bowels and reaches this important trouble
and that is Joys Vegetable sarsaparilla. 1t re-
ieyes it in "a hours, and an occasional dose
prevents return. Werefer by permission to c. e
Ellington, 125 Locust Avenue, San Francisco;
]. b. Brown, Petaluuih; H. s. Winn, Geary Court
San Francisco, and hundreds of others who have
used it in constipation. One letter is a sample of
hundreds. Ellington, writes 81 have been for
years subject to bilious headaches and constipa-
ton. Have been so5bad for year back have
had to take physic every other night or else
would have headache. After taking one bottle
Of ]. " s., am in splendid shape. 1t has done
wonderful things for me. People similarly
troubled should try 1t and be convinced"
The record-union., 1891-06-05
4pHt-Initrn.
G5efterul 3tnffrsB.

VDeftRrul StpItIEb+
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC--ON JUNE 9TH
~ all cars on X and III streets will run to
East Park direct. je5-3ts
NoTICE BUTCHERS AND GROCERY
IN men-I have two new stores corner Thir-
teenth and +, which l will give rent free for
two months TO good. responsible man, as that
neighborhood needs those stores very badly.
Also, g rooms and path over each store, all
new, TO rent Apply to MRS. A. GLEEMAN,
Brown House, Fourth and X. je3tf
YOs NJ MSTREET-PRIVATER BOARD WITH
tUC or without rooms; also furnished or
unfinished rooms for Housekeeping. Je2-5t*
EIRST-CLASS BOARD AND ROOMS FOR
l. two gentlemen and wives, or single gentle
men in private family; fine grounds ana
home comforts; good location; terms reason
able. Address ID, this Office. le2-6t
ID DEWARD-S2o REWARD PAID FOR
IL conviction or information that Will lead
TO conviction of parties stealing this paper
from doors of subscribers. my9-tf
DERS0NA Or MATRIMONIAL- = A
Il selfsupporting young English lady wish
Ing to have home in California, would like
to correspond with an honorable gentleman OF
good disposition and fond of music. Object,
marriage. Address MUSIC TEACHER, 1o4
Eighth Avenue, New York City, box 2l0.
Letters and photo. win be returned II desired.
No tgitiipg tolerated. my29-St
The record-union., 1891-06-05

ENOR SALE-THE STOCK OF DRUGS.
u soda fountain, good will and lease of drug
store ana fixtures, on reasonable terms For
particulars apply to MILLS & HAWK. 3O1
j street, Sacramento, Cal. ie5St
The record-union., 1891-06-05

E'OR SALE AT A LOW PRICE-16O
l. acres improved land in FL Dorado County,
known as 'Fourteen-Mile House." frontinp
half-mile on Placerville wagon road. two
miles from Sportsman's Hall. specially
adapted for fruit; we'll timbered ana watered :.
title perfect. Apply to S. B. Smith. 23l I
street, Sacramento. my23tf
The record-union., 1891-06-05
FOR SALE.
CASH STORE,

MORE NEW CA r.
ita riages Just fromsthe lac-
tory. No mother need CARR
her baby when she can ouy
a carriage on installments or
cheap for cash. Our styles
are the handsomesthn the
market. Our pricesSare tho
lowest. See our news styles,
quality and prices before
buying elsewhere. MEL
WINS, us K st. n1yt7tf'
The record-union., 1891-06-05

EoR SALE-FIVE SHARES GERMANIA
i building and loan stock, fourth series.
Address K, this Office iaS5tS
The record-union., 1891-06-05
Inr Eulp.

IL Horse; one weeks trial before purchasinp.
inquire or address w. H. GRISWOLD. Inter
national Hotel 5.3fS
The record-union., 1891-06-05

EOR SALE-WILL SACRIFICE- SNAIL
j. Restaurant Bakery, doing good business.
II taken immediately; account, sickness
1120 street. ie13f@
The record-union., 1891-06-05

DOR SALE CHEAP-A LODGING HOUSE
4 containing ten rooms all in good condi-
ton. Apply at 924M j street ie5Lofx
The record-union., 1891-06-05

LNOR SALE-BREECHLOA SHOT
II gun and reloading TOOLS 1908 P st. ie5-ot&
The record-union., 1891-06-05

M MERRY-GO-ROUND FOR SALE OR EX-
WI change; in perfect order; one of the best
made: only run one season; rs ason for sale
parties engaged in other business; will be sold
for one-half cost price. Apply to KELSER &
ENOCHS, Wheatland, Cal. ie3-2w
The record-union., 1891-06-05

EHOR SALE-HOUSE AND FULL LOT
Il southwest corner Twenty-third and n I
am Obliged to sell; give me halfway decent
price and you shall have the property. Call
on STROBEL, 3l7 street iei otS
The record-union., 1891-06-05

ROOkkEEPER WANTED NINEDI
- ately, either lady or gentleman: none but
eeSXperienced experienced need apply. THE PACIFIC
Christianson. Dierssen Il Co. 725 tn 100 I
street. ioI tr
The record-union., 1891-06-05

ENOR SALE = TWO SMALL HORSES
L buggy and harness complete; will sell one
quire northwest corner Eighteenth and Z
streets at p. M or after ie29+*
The record-union., 1891-06-05

WANTED A FIRST-CLASS CHEESE
w and butter-maker wants a position
BEST BEST OF references given. Address MECHAN-
us EACHANGE, l street, between Front
atiiu 1oecoIlu. ie4-3t*
The record-union., 1891-06-05

LHOR SALE CHEAP-ON ACCOUNT OF
l. owner leaving State; 16O acres now in
wheat and so acres in summer-fallow. at
alsh's Station. Apply to STEPHENSON q
HARTMAN. 1907 Fourth street iao-1 w
The record-union., 1891-06-05

EoR SALE-A SPAN OF YOUNG. SOUND
i oralt horses, harness and wagon. Apply
The record-union., 1891-06-05

l. property-Two lots on Morgan avenue
adjoining Chicago; 25x125; S125O each
Apply corner IWentY-firSt and p stS in1 -.
The record-union., 1891-06-05

a.
BARGAIN
OFFERED FOR
|TEN DAYS ONLY.
PRICE
Reduces from, $4,000 Co
So, $50
5 Acres of Land
LOUISIANA TRACT.
Has small dwelling of fOar rooms
! Three acres iii fruit trees one year
old-mOstly Bartlett pears;
one acre in alfalfa.

f0- come to our Office and we will show
me property and can convince you that it is
bargain.
The record-union., 1891-06-05

NOR SALE-THE WHOLE OR A HALE
L interest in the International Hotel. Sacra-
mento, Cal, with long lease. Address w. A.
CASWELL. mvo1-tf
The record-union., 1891-06-05

600 PER RACRE-FRUIT FARM AND I'M
e0OU provements for sale, tour miles from
Loomis. Apply to CARL STROBEL. 3i7 ]
street. mvo7-1 Ofd61tw*
The record-union., 1891-06-05
3lla4ticH.

WANTED-A BOY ABOUT IL YEARS
w Old at 723 j St; references required 1t*
WANTED-A BRIGHT YOUNG LADY TO
Address STENO, this Office. Its
The record-union., 1891-06-05

WANTED-A SITUATION BY A WIDOW
!, Iaqy laIeiy rom Philadelphia) as house
keeper Inquire at 1920 Nineteenth St ie4-2t&
The record-union., 1891-06-05

NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC-oN JUNE 9TH
N all cars on X and II streets will run to
East Park direct ie5-3t*
The record-union., 1891-06-05

EOR SALE CHEAP-SIX GOOD HORSES.
T. Apply at UNION BREWERY, Twentieth
and o streets.
INOR SALE-ONE OF THE FINEST AND
L largest saloons in the city; extra family
entrance; best location; stock and lease. In
quire at this office.
E1OR SALE OR TO RENT ON LEASE-TEN
L acres of bottom land, one mile below
Washington, Yolo County; if sold will take
small payment down. Apply to EDWIN X.
ALSIP & CO., Real Estate and Insurance
Agents, 1015 Fourth street.
The record-union., 1891-06-05
90 Iet or 32eut.

mo LET-HOUSE OF FIVE ROOMS AND
| bath, 1915 Twentieth street. between
and K. INQUIRE next door. ie5-3t%
The record-union., 1891-06-05

WANTED 100 HEAD OF STOCK TO
w ranch; fiiie feed; s miles from Sacra-
mento on 1olo side; terms, 81 20 per month.
inquire OF EDWIN X. ALSIP IS Co or on
farm of j. II. ZACHARIAS ie2 SIr%
The record-union., 1891-06-05

TITO RENT-A NICE COTTAGE OF FOUR
i rooms; large yard; all newly painted; half
block from railroad shops, Slater's Addition.
Inquire at w. p. COLEMAN, 325 st. je4-3t*
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-12-11

periled their lives
as good as that paid to the bondholder legal
sufficient
equal with other equal and
act justice to the union soldiers Of this country.
mat as eight constitute
eminent employees in mechanical believe this nrinc;ne
should be farther extended
Dor in the different - r f4o''As g
That
OF the directors the Worlds
ng the minimum wages BY the labor of
Chicago. = - o-s0n11oolon0 -
keoyed That the attorney March 1889
1o Oklahoma
the United States the possible the
OF that afflicted territory lawful and
constitutional meaning OF
ton I'M ~ SUP ~ ~ uuci Htigd
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-12-11

ts ~aa ssd sea 7
fronting tS time Sa now issues arrived
as the pH 4 n
adopted 1885, oea in $780, % a snd 5
S9 and industrial there fol-
1.-The right to make and money sovereign power to he
abolition banks Of a dand the
sufficient the county o" e esn q s
S @ Iva
when the people them at not aocn @
% popsr sa the
and unim %Safs Coinage Of silver,
and h the passage OF
sod a o6
aSe ss 5dqay and
the doctrine OF equal all and special nrv
none we demand that muncpaha not
Eve demand that all State OF
70 tine OF the
Eve demand just and equitable system Of graduated tax on IN
I've demand the Just national eont, and
this does and and
sS Cn government ownership of
Hmws demand the election OF president president and U
D. That we united action progressive
eorm e called for February 90 1892 the leading
That national committee be appointed bv this
members rom each state represented each state
That this central committee represent this body ATTEND tho
an a nsnce February a. 1892 possible with that
can be effected cali national
and Tor the purpose of nominating for
That the members the committee for each state
political agitation in their respective 90 system Of
RESOLUTIONS
RESOLVED, That the
ResoVed eO TSt h the various states
the nation that had been Rd ~ the
% tn b ed and payable thus billion
and holding s The s sn nss
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-12-11
1t is a Split!

Well we-there enough split the
SIR genuine split! But alliance It is
open split in the democratic hebound partv
has cracked the whole length fayors
ufy ana the Old bourbon do side includes tho
*machne But the daily papers mention this affair
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-12-11
MARkg1 PRICES PROMPT RETURNS
WHEN YOU GET THE LIST
See that Not Dollar Of Your Money Goes the Hands
Of the Scoundrels

There combine clothing Rochester N Y Tt
knights OF Labor undertook
fedged, complete heavy cloth pantaloons
A
War declared the Knights The
Knights The Knights undertook establishment
The combine consped with the cloth
sell goods to the cooperative pant Then the K OF
What that? Why simply that they
the combine The Master Workman arrested for
spra and under laws which would
convicted and
This took place republic! Now the
with four million members the help list of
houses doing Clothing Manufacturers will no
sent to the alliances and assemblies and there will
laboing men who will deal with houses
And than that whenever clothing
dren or adults most alliance will
manufacturing in Rochester Y radesmen do then he will
discover that dropping the losing hot
po1ao And yet again. alliance will
stamp the waistband OF COATS
etc. see the makers secretaries Of ALI
ances can the and inform
some risk ii they handle Rochester
Inns business lesson the alliance Minnesota regard to be-
ing IN the national secret orderwhere
L. u and has struck blows public and
BODY without Pledges accomplish 1t time down
hardpan horse when every action Ct which
conceived in secret and executed with precision
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-12-11
TanmanV Rules.

not only got the governoshp OF New against
low tariff but has captured peakershp House
he next most important executive officer the
1ammany Crisp Georgia. the democratic an
date Mills OF Texas the low candidate Tammanv oot
there and Crisp the good thing the neo
II any good out of rottenness! :
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1891-12-11
in
OFFICE

= o1oy Of Washington Lite and
BY LEWIS BOGY
Read this book It has Colnmha
commissioner received cabinet official To die
e lhere tremendous ue
Your daughters may yet be In Omcen. p''
DIS on publisher Mr. Schultz OF Chicago that Mr. Bogv
ucnaged writing the book eegraphe that he
on tne Sales Notwithstanding purchased tho
outright This stamps Mr. man OF great heart
and generous impulses = : $4,000 = eioo nedfO
oook abroad the land send for one conv for
youlseh send Tor give away Address ne 'opy or
GREAT WEST,
679 Wabasha St., Paul
does not ns story 1t destined to the world If
"!ec me miserable government
~ the themselves
Dy another author
alscnarsed Tor the revelations made-GREAr WEST ~ was