Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1891-04-25
DRAINAGE.

lnJcTCStcu in lho uIUlhdSc W our
streets to these lessons in hydraulics,
since have observed that very few
people understand them. We arc
eXpcnding money in opening bitches
and building culvcrts, only to have
them filled again by the natural action
of the waters that flow into them.
Practically, we have on Third street,
three streams of water entering its
bitches from the south, with such.
force as practically to dam the waters
OF the ditch.
One enters at Maple, one at Hickory,
and one at Boundary streets. The
water coming down these streets has
80 much fall and comes with such
force, that the waters in the Third
street bitches, which meet the rapid
falling streams at right angles, has
not enough power to force itself
through and can do nothing else but
set back towards its source, dropping
all its filth and mud on the upper side
of The water dam, to become new
obstruction till tile and culverts are
all stopped and the waters have to
remain in the places that we desire to
be dry.
Can the difficulty be remedied ?
Undoubtedly. The stream that an
axe could not cut, can be cut by the
finger of child, if the child's finger
goes in the direction the stream goes,
and Mt the same velocity. How can
that be reached? The same velocity
cannot, but the water from the side
bitches may be made to enter the
culverts, whether of wood or terra
Gotta, in the same direction rs that of
those rapid flowing waters that come
from the south. Change the angles of
junction. That 5 all that is needed.
Do not let the mtI' race enter at right
angles, nor attempt to make a slow and
feeble stream enter rapid one ut
right angles. Change the angles of
junction, SO that both shall enter the
common conduit flowing the same way.
Then the strong current will help the
work. G.. A. A.
Justice Field, of the Supreme Court,
at dinner party at Washington II
couple of months ago, astonished the
distinguished guests present, including
the President, the Chief Justice, and
speaker Reed, by statements he made,
based on his California experience, of
the power of water in motion, as illus
trated by hydraulic mining. Justice
Field, giving ex-senator Fair, of
Nevada as authority, stated that under
n vertical pressure of 100 or 200 feet,
tha fnrna nf tho or &C. ~;
great as to hurl away or hold boulders
weighing n Thousand pounds; and that
it would be no more possible to cut
through such IL stream with u crowbar
or an AK, where it issued from the
nozzle. than to sever eight inches of
sold iron with penllnife. The dis
tinguished guests were incredulous,
and Justice Field promised to collect
evidence in support of his statements
that would satisfy the doubters. He
has done so, and the New York Sun
has had the opportunity of collating
some of the wonders of the practical
hydraulics gathered by Justice Field.
We think they will astonish the gen
eral reader who has paid little atten.
tiOn to this branch of mechanics. Mr..
Louis Glass, for sixteen years the
superintendent of the Spring Valley
mine, assures Justice Field that he has
seen an eight-inch stream, under 3lI
feet OF vertical pressure, move in Il
sluggish way II two-ton boulder ut a
distance of 20 feet from the nozzle: and
that the same stream striking Il rock
OF 500 pounds would throw it us Il man
would throw II twenty-pound weight
mo man that ever lived" adds Mr.
Louis Glass, could strike u ba,
Ia SNft N,t,,, NJ
feet OF discharge; and a human being
struck by such stream would be
killed-pounded intoa shapeless mass.
Mr.. Augustus J. Bowie, of SanFrancisco
the author of Il standard book on
hydraulic mining, estimates that the
stream from siX-inch nozzle. under
45O feet verticle pressure, delivers Il
blow OF oSS, ,I35 foot pounds every second
equivalent TO LOO horse power. III
is absolutely impossible" says Mr.
Bowie. Ito cut such Il stream with an
ak or to make an impression on it with
any other implement" Mr.. Bowie
adds that, although never to his
knowledge has IL man been struck by
such Il stream as it comes from the
pipe, several accidents have occurred
where miners were killed by very
much smaller streams ut distances o.
l5O or 2OO feet from the noZZel. After
elaborate series of computations, Prof
Samuel b. Christy, of the University
OF California, an eminent authority OF
mining and metallurgy, reports tC
Justice Field that
ii nozzle of from six to nine inches diGmcte
were specially arranged TO throw stream yer
ncally upward against spherical boulder o
quartz weighing ]. 600 pounds, the vertical heat
being anywhere from one hundred to five hun
In -,
until the dcminishcd velocity of the stream
established an equilibrium OF pressure. Their,
would he point at which the upward pressure
ol the stream would exactly balance the gravity
pressure OF the boulder, holding It, the Iali-toi
rock, there suspended, In practice. OF course
the boulder could not be balanced accurately
upon the axis of the stream, but would fall t
one side or the other. But II large conca
basket OF iron bars were arranged about thu
noz2el so as to catch the boulder whenever 4
should be detected from the stream and
return II TO the nozzle, the 1000 pounds %
quartz would be kept in play like ball in
fountain. AS to cutting these streams, Pro
lessor Christy says that he has often tried tC