davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

portals these walls are feet high and
feet wide; near the beginning of the
cutting they are feet high and 3 feet
wide.
1t was estimated that the tunnel would
cost 81, 500,00 plants, materials, and
labor included. Not much will be left
of that sum. It is likely that second
tunnel will be built beside this one. If
so, this ones plant and experience will
be quite serviceable. II il Is built IL will
be made OF cast-irOn. as that has been
found TO be better than masonry.
The tunnel and its approaches have a
total length Of l,725 feet, divided as fol-
lows: Canadian cutting, 3.l02 feet;
American cutting, ., 533 feet; from Cana
dian portal TO waters edge, 1894 feet;
from American portal TO waters edge,
1,7l6 feet: tunnel under water, 2,29O
feet; total length OF tunnel, 5000 feet
Grades in the cuttings are one foot i'm
fifty feet, i'm the tunnel, one foot in 900
feet The greatest depth of water
above the tunnel is 40 AZ feet; and the
least depth OF clay above the tunnel is
s.43. The number OF feet from the level
of the water To the top OF the tunnel is
81. SO feet; and the number OF feet from
the level of the water TO the rock. So feet.
Considerable difficulty was met in
selecting locomotives for the tunnel SER
vice, as most kinds emitted too much
smoke and gas. Coke engines have been
chosen. Each locomotive can haul two
dozen loaded cars. One engine will be
at each side of the ST. Clair River. and
another will be kept in steam ready for
any break down.
The tunnel soil has been dumped in
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

and will be of immense Importance in
the transfers between Chicago, Milwau-
kee, Grand Ha,en, Muskegon, Bay CITY
and Detroit to Buffalo, Toronto, Sus-
pension Bridge, Wharton, North Bay.
Kingston, Montreal, Quebec, the White
Mountains and Portland and interme-
date points
In the summer of 1887 large and
costly plants were erected for the tunnel
machinery, i'm Ontario some 1900 feet
from the river in Michigan about 1,S00
feet back. In each plant were included
three boilers, pair of hosting engines,
ventilating engine with blower
capable of 10000 cubic feet a minute, a
hydraulic pump, a drilling machine, a
bolt-screwing machine, planning ma
chine with extra bed and table, a water
pump, two electric light dynamos and
engines, carpenter shop, a blacksmith
shop, and machine shop. The perma-
nent plants are small pumping house
in Michigan, and in Ontario brick en-
CINE and boiler house, containing at
present four boilers, four electric light
engines and dynamos, two ventilating
"bows," and the two great pumps for
draining the cut
The great cuttings for tunnel ap-
proacheS were begun on New Years Day
of 1899. says the Chicago Inter ocean,
The Canadian was begun somewhat mar
row At a depth of fifty-eight feet a
landslide deposited about sixteen feet of
soil in this cutting. Work was started
again about ten rods farther back. At
the portal the Canadian great cutting is
sixty feet deep 1t is 260 feet wide at lis
broadest portion. From the portal il
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

pay $50 annually for each booth,
which is to be tasteful design and
built of glass and iron in substan
tial manner. The booths, in addition
to the conveniences, will be so ar.
ranged as to sell flowers and periodi-
Gals, and be let to newsdealers, who
will be charged not more than SIS a
year rent. In consideration of this
low rental the lessee is to keep the
booth clean and in perfect order, well
lighted and free from Objectionable
characters. Such booths have proven
a success in Paris, Vienna, Berlin and
other European cities, and the pro-
jectors see no reason why they should
not be introduced in New York, par
ticularly when a good revenue for the
privilege is given to the city. The
authority of the board to grant the
privilege was questioned by some of
the members, and President Arnold
referred the petition to the Law Com
mittee.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
by brilliant minds and wonderful inven-

by brilliant minds and wonderful inven-
tons
The American shield started July IL,
1889; the Canadian Sept 81, 1889; they
met at nearly midnight of Aug. 30, 1890.
The Canadian had gone . $50. 10 feet,
and the American 3.3l3. So feet. Work
had been pushed night and day, in shifts
of eight hours, for electricity lighted
the shields and tunnel, and early compile
ton of the tunnel was n great object.
The average progress of each shield was
ten feet day; but one day twenty-seyen
feet and ten inches was accomplished,
and the record Of tunnel construction
was eXcelled.
Chief Engineer Hobson advised having
these tunnel walls of cast iron. Each
section was composed of a key aud 10
segments, each segment being feet 10
inches long, Is inches wide, and inches
thick. Each had inside flanges inches
deep and an inch and three-quarterS
thick. In each segment were holes in
each end and II holes in each side fange.
These 81 holes were occup ed by steel
bolts, each seven-eighths of an inch in
diameter. Each section of the com
pleted tunnel was circle whose radius
was 9 feet and II inches. Each section
required for the longitudinal joints Sc
bolts, and for the circular joints 157
bolts, total of 2l3 bolts for each foot
and half of the tunnel. 1t required
S2s, $50 bolts to fasten together the -, COO
tons OF the east-iron lining Of this tun-
mel. Each segment was heated and
dipped into vat of coal tar. BY the time
il was cool the tar was dried in. This
method was the happy thought of a
workman. Another workman invented
a tool which increased three times the
rapidity of loading the clay upon the
cars.
Tunneling was nearly stopped at the
line of the river by water and quick sand
Compressed air was tried. On each side
OF the river. beneath the shore lines,
air-tight bulkheads OF brick and cement
were built across the line Of the tunnel.
Above each car-track and on each side
of the bulkheads were erected two air
locks, each seventeen feet long and seven
feet in diameter. with alright doors at
each end. The outside door would be
opened and men or mules admitted to
the air-lock. Horses could not stand the
pressure The door being closed and the
air-valve opened, the air pressure would
be increased unti ne atmoSp lercs of
the lock equaled the atmospheres inside
the inner portion Of the tunnel. when
the inner door could be opened. and the
men or animals admitted 10 the works
1t took several minutes TO properly in
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
Let's reason together.

Here's a firm, one Of the
largest the country over, the
world over; it has grown, step
by step, through the years to
greatness-and it sells patent
medicines ugh !
That's enough y
Wait a little
This firm pays the news
papers good money (expen-
sive work, this advertising }
to tell the people that they
have faith in what they sell,
SO mueA faith that if they can't
benefit or cure they don't want
your money. Their guarantee
is not indefinite and relative,
but definite and adsOlate-if
the medicine doesn't help,
your money is san 6aM"
Suppose every sick man
and every feeble woman tried
these medicines and found
them worthless, who would be
the loser, you or they?
The medicines are Doctor
Pierce's Golden Medical Dis
covery," for blood diseases,
and his Favorite Prescrip-
ton" for woman's peculiar ills.
If they help toward health,
they cost $I.oo a bottle
each If they don't, they
cost nothing !
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

The surface water in the cuttings will be
taken care of the portals 1t is esti-
mated that not over fifteen gallons "a
minute of water escape into the tunnel
proper. This is a small quantity for
over a mile of linear surface. Ii will
drain into a pump-shaft on the Canadian
side, III feet deep, down TO the rock,
and fifteen feet i'm diameter
The portals are big limestone blocks,
arranged las feet long, 80 feet high, and
from 10 TO feet wide, with sloping
comb. The tunnel entrance is flush with
the lining, and is twenty feet in diameter.
The portals only lettering is two lines
"St. Clair 1890" From the portals,
on each side of the railway track, lime
stone retaining walls extend to the en-
frances of the great cuttings. At the
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

shield moved enough 20 allow section.
or foot and half. OF the tunnel 10 be
made. The air could have been forced
to press 3, 900 tons on the shield, but the
greatest pressure used was $50 tons. by
regulating the pressure OF any valve the
direction of the shield could be varied at
will. An observation OF the shields d.
rection was taken every morning, and
by diagram any variations, even to tho
smallest fractions of an inch, were de-
tected and regulated. The variation
scarcely ever exceled fourth OF an
inch When the shields met they fitted
exactly, which in itself was marvel,
for they had been burrowing farther and
farther into,unknown soil, yet controlled
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
SHILOH'S
CONSU M PTION
CURE.

The success of this Great Cough Cure is
without parallel in the history Of medicine.
All druggists are authorized to sell it on pos
tive guarantee, test that no other cure can sue
cessfully stand. That it may become known,
the Proprietors, at an enormous expense, are
placing a Sample Bottle Free into every home
in the United States and Canada. If you have
a Cough, Sore Throat, or Bronchitis, use il, for
it will cure you. II your child has the Group,
or Whooping Cough, use it promptly, and relief
is sure. If you dread that insidous disease
Consumption, use it. Ask your Druggist for
SHILOH'S CURE, Price 10 Cts, so cts. and
$I.oo. II your Lungs are sore or Back lame,
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
rease or decrease dc alr-pressnre on a

crease or decrease the alr-pressure on a
man.
Certain rules had To be obeyed The
workmen had TO have vigorous bodies,
and be examined by the company's ply
stefan before receiving admission To the
compressed air. Two deaths resulted
from the bad results of the air-pressure.
The air caused terrible feelings espe-
cially TO strangers. In the beginning of
the under-river section the three gangs,
each of twenty-five men, worked under
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

Africa by the steamer Mandigo last
month. 1t was lion cub, which the
Sultan of Sokoto requested the Royal
Niger Company to present to her
Majesty. The cub was allowed much
liberty on board and was greatly
petted by both passengers and crew
Mr.. Bartlett went down to Liverpool
to bring it to the Geological Gardens,
where ii is now smelly lodged.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

III T. G. r n N d
Trunk Railway
I u N n @ under
{ he River st.
Clair, near Lake
Huron, is a won
derful engineer
ing a c h We
ment. 1t is an
important lin k
in the CONNER
cial union of the
L nltcu - I II I 4 =
and Canada. IL
will greatly IA
cilitate the traf-
fic over the sew
eral thousand
miles of railways
i'm the era II d
Trunk system,
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
PARTISAN AIRS.

Permission Asked to Erect Kiosks I'm tho
streets of New York.
At the meeting of the New York
Board of Aldermen a petition was
presented in behalf of company who
ask the privilege of erecting con-
venient booths-or; as they are called
in Europe. "kiosks"-on public thor
oughfares. The petitioners propose to
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

an extra atmospheric pressure Of ten
pounds to the square inch. This was i'm
creased slowly and at intervals, to TWEEN
ty-two pounds per square inch, or about
two and one-half times the usual atmos-
pheric pressure (The proposed limit In
the Chicago Fourteenth street tunnel Is
forty pounds rer square inch.) Quick
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

ALEXANDER THE GREAT had twist In
his neck II was therefore fashionable
for everyone in that monarchs court to
carry his neck in the same way.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

SEVERE punishment is to be inflicted
upon Ernest Sempel, the secretary Of
the fredericksburg Carpenters Union.
He has been convicted of causing a
strike by which the master carpenters
lost $1,000 marks. and has been SEN
fenced to six months imprisonment.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
BORING A BIG TUNNEL.
RAPID PROGRESS OF THE ST.
CLAIR WORK.

Working Under an Air Pressure OF Over
Twenty Pounds tn the square Inch-A
Great Engineering Achievement which
will Probably he Duplicated soon.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
PET FOR THE QUEEN.

Victoria I'm Receipt of Lions Whelp
from Central Africa.
The Queen of England recently re-
ceived a royal gift. 1t arrived in
Liverpool from the regions of Central
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

The Vassar girls adjuration f. "By
Gum. Putsburg Chronicle Telegraph.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

THIS country has 100000 miles OF
telegraph wires-enough to reach forty
times around the globe.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18

Next Lesson-Quartcrly Review or Tenn
perance Lesson. lisa. 5: IL. ~, 20-23
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
Ed You Know This.

sHe died of kidney complaint
"You say he was a dentist?"
"Yes."
"That settles it. Hs had the dentists
nsoal disease.
The man added:
Dentists are peculiarly susceptible to
diseases OF tho kidneys. They stand still
so long at their work that they weaken
their vital organs. Usually the kidneys
are the first affected You may set kid
ney disease down as the professional all
ment of dentists. Free Press.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1891-03-18
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL.
SERIOUS SUBJECTS CAREFULLY
CONSIDERED.

a Scholarly Exposition OF tho lesson
Thoughts Worthy OF Calm Reflection
Half an Hours Study of tho Scriptures
--Timo We'll Spont-
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07
4 Fit Of Art Spoiled.

A B~ostonian who has returned from
E trip to England tells a story which is
worth repeating. He says; Il went
into the store Of an art collector with a
friend of mine. and the owner, think
ing | knew something of painting,
showed me some good things. Among
these was a pretty little seaside scene,
which he considered one Of the best
things in the place. | could not help
admiring the work, but when ] told
him the painting, although good, had
been spoiled by the artist, he looked at
me in astonishment and asked how.
Well. you know. that artist has put his
name on tie top of a rock which
formed a large part Of that pretty
picture. I told him that in America
our patent medicine men did that %
advertise their stuff. That settled it,
and Mr.. Art Collector said he would
have hat name wiped out that day" -
Boston News.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07
The secret of Keeping Ones Temper.

a merchant in Alexandria had a dis
pute with a fellah. a 20 peasant is called
about the settlement Of an account.
rho merchant was determined TO bring
the question 10 the court, 10 which the
fellah objected. Desiring to make a
last effort. 4the fellah called at the mer-
chants Office one morning and asked
the servant i his master was in. The
merchant, bearing the inquiry and
knowing wbJ it a called aloud from
the Office
Tell that rascal that | am not in"
The fellah, looking up toward him,
calmly said:
'Well, sahib. Cod put thee in Z bet
ter mind"
The merchant 81 struck with The
meekness Of this reply, and having
looked more carefully into the matte,
he became convinced that the fellah
wa right and he in the wrong. He
sent for the feliah. and after acknowl-
edgihg his error he said:
Il want 20 ask you n question
How were you able TO bear my abuse
With such patiencel'
''Sahib," replied the fellah. Il VIII
tell thee. was naturally as hot ana
violent as thou art. | knew that to in
dulge this temper was sinful, and
found that it was imprudent. ! OBJ
served that men in a passion often
speak loud, and ] thought that If ]
could control my voice should repress
my passion. | have therefore made il
a rule never to suffer my voice TO rise
above a certain key, and by carefully
observing this rule I have entirely has
tered my natural temper. -Philadel-
phia Times.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07

Years ago a gentleman settled in the
outh and became very popular in the
leighborhood. The county families
.ould never discover how he had made
his money, but were satisfied by his
solemn assurance that il was not in
trade. Nothing could exceed the ordi-
nary gravity of his demeanor, which,
indeed. caused him to be placed On the
commission of peace, but now and
then. without any apparent provoca-
ton, he would burst into such a laugh
as no n ever heard before, except in
one place.
Where they could have heard it puz-
lied the county families for five and
twenty years, but at last he "a be-
trayed unconsciously by his own grand
child. who, after a visit t. a travelling
circus. ~innocently exclaimed, why,
grandpa laughs just Ike the clown
James Payn
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07


Sixty yeara ago I taught the sand
class in the schools of this city in the
grand jury roof of the old court
house, " said a gentleman to a reporter.
'sThe sand classl What in the name Of
Socrates is a sand classF' And then the
ancient pedagogue proceeded to say:
'tSixty years ago the schools of the
town occupied the old court house, and
/ was q of the scholars. In the grand
Jury room there was a long table about
eighteen inches high, with a strip Of
hoard fastened on top al around the
sides, thus making the center lower
than the sides. This center was filed
with fine sand an inch deep.
AT the end of the table was a wheel
on which the letters of the alphabet
were printed so that but n letter
would appear at a time; around the
table the smallest children of the school
were gathered and each furnished with
a stick. l. as the pedagogue appointed
by the head teacher, would take my
stand at the end of the table and along
side of the wheel. and as ! moved il
would the letter that was
brought TO view, which the children
would proceed to make in the sand with
their sticks.
'eWhen all had made that letter, I
would level the sand with a comb, and
the wheel would be moved on to an
other letter. And these little ones
were called the sand class 1t was an
interesting sight. The system wal
somewhat like the kindergarten of tho
present day, and it was certainly %
economical mode Of supplying writing
material" This was the sand class Of
SIXTY years ago.-Harrisburg pa To
egTam.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07

Chinese, when meeting. bow, their
arms to their sides; then, folding each
his W hands. raise them in front Of
the face and shake them gently at one
another. The practice is admirable for
foreign residents in the far east, for
Chinese hands are all fabby and fish
like, and most Of them dirty. Besides,
the nails even on the right hand are In
ordinately long and never very clean.
Here are the lengths Of the left hand
finger nails of a Chinese dandy as
measured by a very competent author
ity: Thumb. 2 inches; first finger, 1 80
inches; second. ! 3-16 inches; third,
5 Ia inches; fourth, 4 Is inches.
Temple Bar.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07
W. Giles COMPARED.
sew England Cities Make the Best show
ing because OF Public Spirit.

sew England Cities Make the Best show
ing because OF Public Spirit.
The cities of Worcester, Mass, and
Syracuse, ". Y, illustrate generally the
differences between New England and
Middle states city governments In rSSC
the two cities we're nearly equal in pop
ulation. They are both manufacturing
cities, situated in the interior, and sur
rounded by agricultural communities
In 1880 Syracuse had % miles of streets
II "a miles of which were paved The
annual cost of maintaining these high
ways was about S35, 900. For the same
cost Worcester maintained 1877 miles az
streets. all of which were paved.
The water works Of Syracuse were
owned by a private corporation, those
Of Worcester by the city. Syracuse had
no parks unless a small square or two
may be thus digniied; Worcester had
about thirty-fve acres of parks. The
drainage system Of Worcester was much
more elaborate and perfect than that Of
Syracuse. While il cost Syracuse from
$40, 900 TO S12, 900 a year to clean its
n~inety-two miles of streets, it cos
Worcester only IS, 800 to clean its 1877
miles of streets.
The police force of Worcester was
larger and more expensive than that OF
Syracuse. On an expenditure Of SlO4,
500 the New York city maintained
eighteen schools, in which were taught
about 1000 pupils; the Massachusetts
city maintained thirty-six schools and
instructed 1900 children for S139, 722
The fire department Of the one consist
ed of four steam engines, one fire eXtib
guisher. one hook and ladder truck and
five hose carriages; that of the Other
had five steam engines. twelve hose a
daces. one extinguisher and three hook
and ladder trucks. The annual cost Of
the first was S3l,5s9. Of the second
$3.50
a similar story might be told Of al
most any two cities taken indiscrimi-
nately from New England and from
any other section Of the country.
The abode Of the vigilant citizen
in the United States is in that
pert Of the country where the town
meeting breeds a fine public spirit
Boston, with all its drawbacks and lin
itations. is governed with a higher re-
gard and a more jealous care for the
rights Of private citizens than il any
other city Of its size in the Union
Henry L. Nelson in Harper's.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07

THE Glendive Independent notices
the triu mph Of the American pOrker
IN foreign parts, and is moved to re-
mark that in spite Of the law, the ami
NAL refei red to is triumphant in Glen>
dive. 1t il slightly different in Miles
City. TIE law in regard to polkers
has not yet been entirely o%verruled,
though the attempts a. prosecution
under is have not been signally sue
cesstul. We still live in hopes Cf
finally reducing the festive pig to SUD
lection under the law.
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07
Tho c-nwth Of The Na.l..

The growth Of nails on the left hand
requires eight 20 ten days more than
those Oh the right; the growth is more
rapid in children than in adults, and
goes on faster in summer than in win
ter. 1t requires an average Of 1872
days for the renewal OF the nails in
winter anl but ll5 during the summer
mnnthA st. Louis Republic
Daily Yellowstone journal., 1891-10-07

THE birth OF a daughter TO the house
Of Cleveland l. being made such good
use Of by the Democratic press Of the
country ia bringing Grover again be-
fore the public a. to lead TO the suspi-
eion that the event vas chronologically
adjusted fCr this plrprse. sort Of a
coup dlet0t as it were. To the view,
PERHAPS $, that the presence Of Baby
Mckee in the bite house was an
element of polii cal strength, the ad-
herents Of Mr. Cleveland have GER
tainly Succeeds admirably In putting
themselves OF a war footing, and
should they succeed in forcing the
nomination, ne campaign clubs will
doubtless be Iuipped with baby RATES
and nursery bottles, and a lullaby con-
stitute the cam laigu song. The only
thing 10 he regretted in connection
with he suspicious event isthat every
paper given 10 illustrating has pCb'
lished a different picture of "the
happy mother" leading n to think
that Grover maintained a barem. TIE
only old standby not yet pressed into
service in this behalf Is the stock cut
Of LYDIA Pinkham, ana we look to see
those familiar features every day.