davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Who will build a $1,000 house. and
take farm and c3ty property in pay.
ment2 Apply to Ds. Ross, Widdicomb
RnildIng.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

ssturssy end. tie gress eH c1sa'
sryc< sac 81 Ki54exs
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Radshes, Beets. Cucunhers. Tons-
toes and Green Onions at Eliot Il Cos.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

FaIs line of s2rnr woo3ens.
SHA7T~tK 4 I TsewBszr,eE's.
"A Monroe.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Everything IN the fsh line al Detten.
tha.pr's
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Take advantage OF the last days OF
Kidder d Co.'S qusrter-of clearance
sale.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

wakes fnest pa<s<y. kresd - tsiscait.
TIE best = eaesge<s ssa nsest sssss-
fsc1ory.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Miner 4 Miller viii have Duniap
Spring Hats on sale Saturday. Feb. 2s.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

These are the last days Of Kidder
Co.'st of safe.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Gu X T. ID

had terrible steady backache Cor
four years without any let up at alli
sometimes | could hardly stralghten
up. Could not ride IN wagon ON ac-
count OF Ine greater jar OF the wagon.
and have walked rather than ride.
have now been under the treatment of
DR. ;. CLAY TODD, 4S Monroe-st..
room 1, Grand Rapids, Mich, ten days,
and yesterday rode 20 miles and nine
miles today IN a wagon without pain
at all--the first time for four years. |
would cheertully recommend DR..
Todd TO those who have great pain in
their backs. AVERY DOWNER,
October Is, 1890. Alpine, Mich.
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

FROGS legs At Dettenthslsr'a
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Detten,haIer has full line Of canned
Ieuten goods
Telegram-herald., 1891-03-02

Bayne & coss' s. cabinets at $50.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18
Negro Farming at the South.

[Rev. Samuel J. Barrows in Atlantic Monthly.]
All through the black belt and the adj
jacent country, plantations have been cut
up and rented to negroes in one-mule
FARMS of from 80 to 35 acres EACH
Other things being equal the step from
the position of a man who simply lets
out his own labor to the position of one
who hires field for its exercise is step
in advance. 1t furnishes conditions
which stimulate intelligence, self inter-
est and power of self-help; it is the
roadway toward earning a farm and
home. Great numbers of negroes have
taken this initiative. But the transition
is not easily made. Farms are not to be
had for the asking. The negro was not
a capitalist. He was without credit, and
his capacity for managing his own affairs
was distrusted. He has had to contend.
and is still contending, with an onerous
system of commercial oppression which
keeps him down. This is the mortgage
system, or the lien on the crop, which
prevails very extensively in the black
belt. The colored man who hires % or
30 acres of land pays at the lowest one
bale of cotton, worth about $50; or
sometimes he pays as much as two or
two and half bales, equivalent to 800
can be bought at from five to seven dol
lars an acre, we see that the rent in some
cases equals half the value of the farm.
If the negro raised all his own corn,
meat aud vegetables, he would still be
able to make progress, but he is DEEPEN
dent for clothes and much of his pro-
visions upon the storekeeper. As he
cannot buy with ready money, he mort
cages his crop. paying 20 and % per cent,
and in exceptional cases 100 per cent in
terest on the amount of his bill. 1t mat,
tiers not that he does not begin to draw
his goods for three months after the con-
tract is made; he pays interest just the
same on the whole amount from the be-
ginning. Add to this that the negro is
charged in the first instance three or
four prices for what he buys, and it can
easily be seen that when the crop is all
gathered little or nothing of it belongs
to him. 81 go TO Pennsylvania, said
colored farmer, "and can buy sugar for
six and half cents a pound, but in
North Carolina it is IL cents. The mer-
chant is making vast profit" The col
ored race has emerged from civil bond
age. The next step will be to come out
of bondage which is financial.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18
Elegant Prizes for the Ladies'.

The publishers of The Canadian Queen,
Toronto, Canada, are Offering two new
prize competitions, with leading prizes
consisting of pair Of Shetland ponies,
carriage and HARNESS., free trip to
Europe, first-class upright piano, two
weeks vacation to any summer resort in
Canada or the United States, all ex-
penses paid; safety bicycle or tricycle.,
800 in cash, suite of parlor furniture,
ladies' gold watches, etc., etc. This
magazine has become famous on account
of its prize competitions. Hundreds of
Americans have won valuable prizes in
previous contests. Sample number of
the Queen with full particulars, will be
sent by the publishers upon receipt of
the address of any lady and six U. S.
2 cent stamps. Address, The Queen, To
ronto, Canada. 1926
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18
DRUNKENNESS HABIT-In
all the World there is but one cure,
DIR. Haines' Golden Snecifc

1t can be given in cup of tea or coffee without
the knowledge of the person taking it, efecting
speedy and permanent cure whether the patient is
moderate drinker or an alcoholic wreck. Thousands
OF dTunkards have been cured who have taken the
edge, and today believe they quit drinking of their
own Tree Will No harmful effect results from its
administration. Cures guaranteed. Send for cir
cular and full particulars. Address in confidence
GOLDEN SPECIFIC Co.. 1856 Race Street, Cincinnati O.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18
For Over Fifty Years

MRS. WNsLow's SOOTHING SYRUP has been
used for over fifty years by millions of mothers
success. 1t soothes the child, softens the gums
allays all pain, cures wind collie and is the best
remedy for Diarrh9a. 1t will relieve the poor
in every part of the world. Twenty five cents q
bottle. Be sure and ask for "Mrs. Winslow's
Soothing Syrup" and take no other kind.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18
A Little Girls Experience In A Light

Mr.. and Mrs. Loren Prescott are keepers of
the Gov. Lighthouse at Sand Beach, Mich, and
are blest with daughter four years old. Last
April she was taken down with the Measles, fol-
lowed with dreadful Cough and turning into
Fever. Doctors at home and at Detroit treated
her, but in vain, she grew worse rapidly until
she was mere ''handful of bones."-Then she
tried DR.. Kings New Discovery and after the
use of two and half bottles, was completely
cured. They say DIR. Kings New discovery is
worth it's weight in gold yet you may get trial
bottle free at F. B. Bosworths Drugstore. [6]
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18
Bucklen,s Arnica salxe.

The Best Salve in the world for Cuts, Bruises,
Sores, Salt Rheum, Fever Sores, letter, Chapped
Hands, Chilblains, Corns and all Skin Eruptions,
and positively cures Piles, or no pay required.
1t is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction, or
money refunded. Price Is cents per box. For
sale by f. B. Bosworth.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

Are you married? If not. send your address
TO me American Corresponding Club, P. o. Box
643, Clarksburg, W. Va. 52-ly
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

1t is conjectured that a specific may yet be
found for every III that flesh is heir to. However
for diseases of the blood is Ayers Sarsaparilla
and most diseases originate from impure blood.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

There is comfort for the man with prema-
turely gray beard in Buckinghams Dye, because
it never fails to color an even brown or black as
may be desired.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

"Peter Piper Picked Peck of Picked Pep
pers" was a line of allterative nonsense that the
children used to say. Nowadays they can prac-
tice on the Perfect Painless, Powerful Proper
ties of Pierces Pleasant Purgative Pellets. 1t
will impress fact that will be useful to know
These Pellets sick headache, bilious attacks,
indigestion, constipation, and all stomach, liver,
and bowel troubles. They are tiny, sugar-c coated
fcient for a dose. No more groans and gripes
from the old drastic remedies! Pierce's Purga-
tive Pellets are as painless as they perfect in
their effects.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

Ball Players and athletes need Johnson's Ano-
dyne Liniment for bruises, lameness and cuts.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

"My father, at about the age of fifty, lost all
the hair from the top of his head. After one
months trial of Ayers Hair Vigor, the hair be-
gan coming, and in three months he had a fine
growth Of hair of the natural color."-P. j. Gull
len, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

The advice with each bottle of Johnson's Ano-
dyne Liniment is worth many times the cost.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

Deans rheumatic Pills are sure cure for
all forms of Chronic and Intiammatory Rheuma-
tism and Neuralgia. Entirely vegetable, always
34y
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

After trying many remedies for catarrh dur.
ing the past twelve years, l tried Ely's Cream
Balm with complete success. 1t is over one
year since stopped using it, and have had no
return of catarrh. | recommend it to all my
friends.-Milton Z. Palm, Reading, Pa.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

When Baby was SICK we gave her Castoria.
When she was Child, she cried for Castoria.
When she became Miss, she chung to Castoria
When she had Children she gave them Castoria
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

Colburn's Philadelphia Mustard
Aids digestion, stimulates appetite. Excellent
pungent, reliable. The best for all uses. In IA
and 10 lb. tins.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18

was troubled with catarrh for seven years
previous to commencing the use of Ely's Cream
Balm 1t has done for me what other so-called
cures have failed to do cured me. The effect of
the Balm seemed magical. Clarence l.. HUFF
Biddeford, Me.
Bellows Falls times. [volume] (Bellows Falls, Vt.) 1856-1965, 1891-06-18
CUTICURA SOAP

Absolutely pure, delicately medicated exauis
ftely perfumed. it produces the whitest, clear
est skin and softest hands, and prevents infiam-
nation and clogging of the pores, the cause of
pimples, blotches backheads, red and oiIy skin
and most complexional dis fguraton. 1t derives
its remarkable medicinal properties from Cuti-
cura, the great skin cure, but SO delicately are
they blended with the purest of toilet and nursery
soap stocks that the result is medicdted toilet
soap incomparably superior to al other skin and
complexion soaps, while rivalling in delicacy
pensiye of toilet and nursery soaps Sold every
where. Price % cents
Prepared by POTTER DRUG AND CHEMICAL
CORPORATION, Boston, Mass.
EB-"An about the Skin, Scalp and Hair"
msiled free to any address SXfy-four Pages
800 Diseases, 80 Illustrations, 100 Testimonials
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
TWO MONTANA LEGISLATORS FIGHT.

Helena Mont. jan CSpecia.-A personal en-
countcr occurred between two members Of the Montana
LEGISLATURE this afternoon in the lobby Of the Cos
mopolltan Hotel in this city. The combatanS were
". j. Penro-e and \. C. Wittcr. Witter Is a Repuo
lcan. and last year was Speaker Of the Republican
House. Penro,c is Of the legally elected Demo
cratic members from silver Bow. Though his seat Is
not contested he j., one Of the most violent his
side Of the controversy. When the two men met the
lobby was crowded with people waiting for supper
Both # them physical giants. and had they not
been in such close quarters that they could not even
square of some damage might have been done. rs
il wa, neither one got more than black eye. Pen
rose when he approached Witter offered to shake
hand, with him. but there has been bitter personal
feeling between the men ever since the last ses-
siou and Wittcr declined the prOicrcd friendship.
Pcnr,rc then grabbed Wtter 10y the nose, and Writer
Immediately struck ont backing Penro-e'N eye Mtei
pcuro,.. had returned the compliment the two were
.cparated Both men LAY the quarrel had nothing 10
do with politics and will not be continued.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
yR REILLY MAKES SOME APPOINTMENTS.

Tho Commissioner of juror. Charles Reilly Fc''cr
dsy appointed Woo Barnett of The NIlth Assembly
District. assistant enrolment clc:h. ana owen No
Gu,r. OF the IVth District. enrolment messenger.
KarJett is a Tammany Hall man. With tie ap
poln;ment Of Edward Mcfuc 10 be deputy commi'
slncr. in place Of James J.. Conner, Commissioners
Reilly has now flied three Of the four places when
he made vacant on January !. Mr.. Reilly gave the
additional reason Yesterday fJ the removals made that
fine Hoard 81 Estimate had failed 90 provide sufficient
appropriation for his bureau.
:. When tlings 90 not 50 10 suit him, Charley
Relly alway, kicks - Tammany Hall Official oi
prominence remarked Yesterday, in explanation OF HI
action.
The statement that n. !. Douras Mr. Rclly's son-n-
law wa an unsuccessful candidate for Assistant Dis
trict Attorney under Mr.. NicOl, was confirmed yes
tcrlay.
EA Deputy Commissioner Conner * now set down
a. candidate for Commis .Oncr Of Jurors 70 succeed
Mr. Reilly in May. Friends Of Mr. Conner say tlat
IA, chance, arc excellent Mayor Grant spOkc in high
terms Of him after he heard Of his removal on Friday
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
FUNERAL OF COLONEL WILLIAM II. PAINE.

FUNERAL OF COLONEL WILLIAM H. fAiHH'
The funeral Of Colonel William H. Paine. formerly
Superintendent Of the Brooklyn Bridge, and the pro
jectOr of the cable road in Onehundfed and-t"ehV
nfthst. took place last night at the Chufch vi 'o
puritans in West one hundred and thrtietlst'' near
Fifth.ave The church, still dressed in It's garD Vi
holiday wreaths and festoOns, was hed wth Il idrSo
r,,nber nj friends and associates Among those
present were thirty members Of the society OF C'i
Engineers including Chief Engineer C. C. Martini OF inc
Bridge and George W. McNulty, Bridge trustee slAV
members Of the Harlem Republican CluD, lhcluulhs
ex President Covin, L. NJ Cutler and A. H. Iiuhi'
phreys and large delegation from Alexander IaiIi-
ton Post G.. A. r.. I'm uniform. Colonel Paine having
been a member Of all Of these organizations Inc
pall-bearers all members of Hamilton POST were dS
follows A. NJ Undcriill J. \. Coffin, James {. Covln'
william C. Reddy John Van Glider and ID. Uaddes'
The services were conducted by the Rev. Edward H.
Clark pastor Of the Church of the PI1ais, WHO niade
a brief address. and remarks were made by inc KEY.
DR. Lewis Francis Of tile Kent street Reformed tnurcn
i'm BROOKLYN, of which Colonel Paine was Tor many
year, member. At the end of the services a ghaid
of honor from Hamilton Post took charge Of the D0dy
and remained in the church until this morning WHICH
the burial Will take place in N0odlaWh cemetery
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
ELECTRIC CAR AND HoRSEcAR ~ COLLISION.

A collision occurred last night between an Irvhgtoh
electric car and South Orange horse car at the Juno
ton Of springfield and south Orange aves in Newark
~ j.. where the lastnamcd car runs on to the hlaih
track when eastbound. The spot whclc the ooi'sIo
occurred IS on steep grade and both cars were racing
10 get past the junction first. The Irvington car
struck the other square i'm the side. almost turning
over Instantly there a shower OF glass, followed
by the screams OF the female passengers, OF whom
there were a large number in both cars.
Many Of tlose in the horse car were badly cnt oy
the fyiug glass and several of the women were llelpeu
from the car in a fantlng condition. NO one was
seriously injured although the south orange car was
almost totally wrecked.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
REGULATING THE ISSUE OF PASSES.

Chicago Jan. 3.-All the Western roads have adopted
the report of the committee Of managers concerning
free transportation and the plan recommended is now
in full force and effect 1t provides that annual or
time passes shall not be issued b. employees OF foreign
roads in train service, station traffic departments
except upon the request of the proper oncal OF such
roads that half-fare permits shall he good only
in one state and that the one m which the holder
lives that annual, time singletrp passes shall no.
be issued to Worlds Fair Commissioners or 10 rep
rescntatives Of street cable roads to agents en-
gagged in the sale Of coal other commodities 10 the
roads, 10 Grand Army people 10 any United states
Army officers except the commander Of the Department
Of the Missouri or his Immediate staff.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
UNIFORM FREIGHT RATES WANTED.

Chicago Jan. 3.-Thc freight officials of the lines
operating between Chicago ana 1t. Paul Will 70 TO
New-IO"ii next week accompanied by Chairman OS-
good, OF the Western Freight Association. TO confer
with the trunk lines representatives, with view 70
establishing uniform basis Of ritc> from the
seaboard 10 II. Paul by n" different rontc'. IRE
meeting Is called for next Wednesday. At present tho
rate, to St Paul and Minneapolis from -eabOlId points
are considerably lower b. way Of the Canadian Pa
cifc and 500 line than by way Of Chicago. The
difference i about ID cents per hundred pounds on
first class and cents sixth class. The Chicago
roads want this difference either wiped Ou entirely
or much reduced For this reason they have arranged
the conference with the trunk lines which practically
control wostbound rates by way of the 500" line.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE MEETINGS.

The meeting, in this city under the auspices
~ the Evangelical Alliance this week promise TO
he Of exceptional interest. The first meeting viii
-, held 10 morrow at D. On. IN the Reformed Church.
Twenty riuth-. and Fif;h ave. The other meeting
will be held at the came hour on every other after
noon this week in the Madison square Pfc,by eritn
Church The address tomorrow afternoon VIII be b,
ha Rev Dr. John Hall; on Tuesday by The Rev.
Dr. William NJ Taylor ~" Rev. Or. cornelius b.
smith VIII speak on WEDNESDAY tic Key. d. J"ic nm
day. and the Icv. Dr. ". II. r. Fauncc on saturday
Thursday VIII rc the day for the discussion of Home
plcxi5n ana deeuturon Of portion Of the city. VIII
L.. Nhi
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04

Thomas Gcoghcgan the young ruflan who Joined
In an attack on Policeman Jones in East Eighteenth ST.
on Friday night and was shot in the abdomen by
the policeman doing well in Bellevue Hospital
yesterday that the surgeons said he might recover.
lie has been member OF the notorious stable Gang
and has been known among his associates As Tommy
the Rat The height Of his ambition seems to nave
been to do" policeman and he fired shots at Jones
before he hit. His home was at no. 20 Avenue
with his brother Patrick Patrick was locked up in
the East Twenty second station Friday night ana
Yesterday he was rcmanded at the lorkvlllc Police
Court. The police trying 10 find more members
N the stable Gang" who were concerned IN the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
ANOTHER DROP FROM BOSTON TO CHICAGO.

Boston. Jan. 3.-The Boston and Maines supple
mcnt No. and tariff NO GG Went into effect TODAY.
making still another drop Of % cents in second elias,
passenger fare from Boston t. Chicago, and pro
portionate reduction to other point, West The Boston
and Maine still adhere 10 their old position that they
are entitled al % dincrcnial the FitChburG
on the secOnd-cass passenger business which tlcv
send West by way Of Montreal or Norwood. The
Fitchburg >t0utly maintains that the Bost0n and Maine
is entitled to difcrcntal of only 30 cent, such
business. and every time the Boston and Maine ha;
dropped it, tGIin to Chicago by - cents the Fitchburg
has down T. within 80 cent If IS figures. The
latest reduction Of the Boston and Maine makes the
second class fare from Boston to Chicago Sll 20.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
PATERSON.
IN Elf@ ~.
Two N1CTIM, OF TIE nlSASTEE DEAD.

TWO VICTIM, OF THE DISASTER DEAD.
The malicou, wor, Of train-wrcckcrs~f such It was
\, the railroad Official ,tl believe The Delaware.
Iachawanna ana Western Railroad at West Paterson
on New Years night has become double murl 'r.
H. tie engineer and fireman - the Bnehamton cX
press, who down under the wreck. are both dead
from his injurio> Mori, Luncor. the engineer. ~
Washington. y. j.. died about midnight IN i. Joseph
Hospital. and smith Drcmcr III" fireman. Il bingham
ton. Y. y. di"d about two hours later Yesterday
morning I'm the sane Institution. Each "avc- wifi
and two children al Of whom present when the
men died An inquest viii be held BIZ Coroner j..
Alexander Browne Of Paterson. II y cNuect"d that
y the time the Inquest IN" officials 81 the rrsth
VIII ready 10 las before ia" Juror some facts tend
Ing throw Hight the alleged train Wre'lng. hut
Tho "A -.aVanu1 people rctic"ut Yesterday ana
nothing uld - learned II evidence whether any
r,r-,u ,y:,- undor picon. aid y"-f"f-i1y
thc Disaster would cost the road NJ le-f @io0W
in destruction of proprrtt - tse coaches "cr' badly
damaged. and the 1Enc. ucv machine. which cost
ahout 81 600 was practically dcroli shed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04

The annual meeting Of the E.-eN County branch 81
The ~iatr Charlie Md Association Wa h"d last even
ing iu the building II the louug Men, Christian A.
ISOLATION Of Orange. and the following officer were
elected: President. ~" Rev. Alexander Mann: vie"
presidents. TIA Ecv. Ii-hap Iahucr and Or John II.
brad .haN. -oclotary. Charlie t. Eaton treasurer.
Nr-. u. VI. SAWYER. ~ NOntcl1it
An interesting electrical experiment VA, mad" ~
Orange ON FRIDAY evening. John H. Illl. q wei
known llv."r If fi, orange. come, ted thc fuuurl
Of III. plouorraph with thr tci'ph0u" ;rnemitcr in
his house and through the centra! Ohce wa PLACED
I'M connection with about twenty I've different houses
in Orange. Nest Orange, jersey cts aud ErpokIy %.
number " cylinders used and the reproduction
was clcar and distinct IN all.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1891-01-04
TIE STRUGGLE AT TIE BRIDGE.

Omaha Ncb. Jan. 3.-The local agent Of the Chi
cago Rock Island and Pacific says that under his
compsnys contract with the Union Pacific. which goes
into effect on sunday next he will undertake to run
the Chicago train over the Union Pacific bridge into
this city unless the latter road locks the switches
or takes some other means of preventing it,
PeatriCe, Ncb.. Jan. 3.-Thc Union Pacific Railroad
presumably anticipating that the Rock Island might at
tempt 10 start train from this city toward Omaha
over the Omaha eariCC line, and thuS force passage
over the bridge al that point, Las put IN dclalc
switch at tie intersection OF the two roads IN tlls
CITY ard has placed a constant guard over II.