davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1891-04-29
wR11Na rELEonArn NAcnNr.

In room lG. Nos. 3 and Dey street, an ex-
hibition is given of Il writing telegraph ma
chine. II is worked on the same principle #
the stock ticker. 1t differs from IT, however,
in the use Of varying electric current,
which enables the little fountain-pen
attached TO make the curves in writ
inc Tho writing pen makes merely imagn-
nrv letters. but the fountain pen
goes through the same motions and produces
The letters in ink on tape BY this system the
receiver has the message in the handwriting
of the sender. In Baltimore the instrument
has been in use for some time, as well as in
Rochester and Pittsburg. Messages We're
successfully exchanged with Pittsbur6 at an
exhibition at the latter place.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22
,farm ano Garoerr.

Address all inquiries communications in relation
to agriculture to DIR. I. II. HosKINs, Newport, vt.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

l WOULD place first as requisite to
success in running an agricultural
experiment station that it do the
more immediate practical work re-
quired by the farmers whom it is in
tended to benefit. Very much of such
work must be done which the man of
genius might not think necessary.
Agricultural investigation as business
need not await the advent of an
original scientist like Liebig, but re-
quires more man of good executive
ability to direct 1T. After this the sta
ton must do the higher scientific work
which produces less immediate results,
but results which are most enduring and
add to our store of knowledge. The
inspiration Of the director and his
working force must come from a love
of science. -ProfeSsor s. W. johnson.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22
Square Barns.

Nearly all who have favored us with
their ideas about barns have suggested
a long, narrow building-say 100 feet
long by from forty to sixty feet wide.
for the least wall is had in square
building; and all the old-fashioned
barns were nearly square. When larger
barns were needed these were often
heightened; and subsequently erected
new barns were modelled after the
heightened old ones. A very practical
question is, whether large square, or
nearly square, barn can be arranged, in
side, to be as convenient as long and
narrow one. 1t is self-evident that
with less wall there will be less exter-
nal surface, and to that extent less
space for the admission of light; but
this is not important if sufficient light
is given. 1t is equally plain that the
stables must be differently planned,
and probably the COW stables will have
to be arranged for double rank. If
this is done, what is the best arrange
ment2 Shall the animals stand facing
each other, Gas is perhaps most con-
venient for feeding) or the reverse?
Or can the COW stable be otherwise
planned to advantage?
Mr.. P. P. Burleigh, who has one of
the finest farms in the wonderful Aroos-
took country of Maine, has sent us a
photograph of his new barn, which is
fifty-two by sixty-fve feet, with base
ment seven and one-half feet high
under the whole building, and the stock
will be kept in the basement, the ma
nure going out into a shed, sixty-five
feet long on the north side. We shall
print fuller description of this barn
hereafter. 1t is high-roofed, double
boarded and clapboarded and painted.
The basement is of split granite &C.
mented 80 as to be air tight.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

have what in men we call notions"
They have also spirit of fun, play,
mischief, in them. They are capable
of forming individual habits, good and
bad. They may be led to form some
habits by a felt need, and may keep
them up when the need is no longer
felt. The fact that cows gnaw bones
looks as though they were craving
something the bones can supply. 1t
may be the gelatine, or the lime, or the
phosphoric acid of the bone. 1t may
be even little salty taste that attracts
them, or it may be mere idleness, or
restlessness from confinement. When
horse gnaws his manger, is it the
celulose of the wood that he is after?
When COW gnaws the fence or the
barn-door, is it the same? These
structures, if long in use, have been
often rubbed against by animals, and
are more or less charged with saline
matter from perspiration and other ex-
cretions. The poorest straw or hay
would better supply the cellulose than
any sort of old, dry wood. We may
often see COWS in a barn-yard eat
ing the very straw and vegetable rub
bish out of the manure heaps which
they had rejected in their managers.
The need of sulphur, though not large,
is as urgent, so far as it goes, as the
need of phosphorus to the brain and
nerves, or the need of lime phosphate
to the bones. This sulphur hunger is
we'll supplied by the cruciferous plants
turnips, cabbage, etc. There is very
little available sulphur in other feed,
and when not enough is supplied, ami
NAL matters Chair, feathers, etc. }, con-
tanning sulphur are instinctively sought
for.
The lessons we may draw from a
careful study of this interesting subject
can be summed up in these practical
conclusions, viz: O Whatever ami
mails need and take for their bodily sus-
tenance when left at liberty must be
supplied to them in due quantity and
an assimilable form in confinement, in
order to keep them healthy and COM
Portable. (2) Domestic animals in con-
fnement may form habits, or acquire
tricks, either under the impulse of I'M
supplied needs, or from sportiveness
and mischief, which will continue as
habits after the original impulses have
passed away.
will add that it is far better to sup
ply the needs of stock in confinement
with sulphur, the proteine elements,
lime, phosphoric acid, and even salt, in
organic combination, as they exist in
their natural food, properly grown
on land enriched with well-balanced
manures, than in their crude mineral
conditions, or even in animal matter,
like ground bone. They often reject the
crude material, even when they need
what it contains; the reason being that
it is not offered them in the way nature
has taught them to seek it, and prob
ably not in way well adapted to their
powers of assimilation.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

by poor roads. They double the cost
of hauling stuff to and from market
because they double the number of
loads; they take the life and energy
out of the team by making it hard
travelling, hard pulling and an everlast-
ing jolting and jerking, well calculated
to make horse balk; they break the
harness, cause extra wear of it and
keep it soiled with sweat and mud
they strain, rack and break the wagon,
necessitating the use of heavier one
than would be needed on a good road,
and largely reduce the period of its
usefulness; they cause a loss of time
by slow travel and frequent break
downs, and tax the patience as well as
the purse. And are not the farmers
themselves to blame?
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

The question is often asked whether
butter made from sweet cream will
keep as well as that from ripened cream
process. Heretofore the question has
not been answered, for the reason that
no one knew. An experiment to test
the keeping quality of sweet and sour
cream butter was begun at the Iowa
Experiment Station in December, 1889,
and was completed in August last. The
two tubs we're stored in cellar at forty
six degrees without ice, aud kept in the
cellar until June 20,when the tempera-
ture rose TO sixty-six degrees and they
were packed on ice. At the end of
four months, both tubs were found to
be sweet. AT the end of six months
the sweet cream butter was in the bet.
ter condition.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

"WHAT is good average of butter
for cow in the dairy?" Some do not
make more than one hundred pounds.
A dairyman should not be satisfied with
less than two hundred pounds. Some
get two hundred fifty pounds and some
get up to three hundred pounds. The
most butter can be had from cows
which give milk the year round-the
lasters. When cows go dry four or five
months they will not average high, and
this is the trouble with too many dali
ries.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22
A Model Stealing.

Agricultural Editor When we be-
gan farming, some thirty-fve years
ago, this problem had to be solved
without delay. We gave it then, and
ever since, much thought and study,
but the more we go on, the more nu-
merous the problems which crop up on
all sides, where perfection is aimed at
in important details. In all countries
where snow does not interfere greatly
with stacks, and where farm animals
can consume root and other crops
mainly where they grew, the question
of what constitutes model stealing
may be greatly simplified. Here, in
northern chimes, where most crops must
be housed, as we'll as all farm animals,
for number of cold and stormy winter
months, this question becomes very
complex. Before launching out into
the study of details, it therefore seems
best to examine carefully the principles
which underlie this very important
matter OF intelligent farming.
WHAT is WANTED.
We want our crops housed in perfect
safety, where they can be easily reached
at all seasons, at the lowest expendi-
ture of time and money. AS to our
farm stock, it must all be kept in per-
feet health, and in such a manner that
their owners obtain at the lowest cost
the largest possible net returns. Such
net returns are generally of complex
nature. Take milk as an example.
This may be turned into butter or
cheese. In both cases the outcome in
the shape of skinned milk or whey
must be utilized generally by being
fed to other animals, such as pigs,
poultry, etc. But in all cases, one most
important chapter in the net returns
from animals must treat of the full
preservation of all manurial values,
for future farm crops.
A PRELIMINARY QUESTION.
Should the whole crop and animals
of hundred acre farm be kept to-
gether in one place? AS to animals
there can hardly be any doubts, but not
oas to crops. Our farms are generally 30
situated that in order to reach a stealing
a comparatively long distance must be
travelled, at time when minutes may
|
be most valuable. Hay and grain
crops may be partly ruined, under the
best of care, in catchy seasons when
rain falls Unexpectedly, and at such
frequent intervals that crops cannot all
be saved. One or two small economi-
| cal barns can be 80 situated as to save
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

hay and grain crops in such circum-
stances with great rapidly. These
economical buildings prove of consid-
cradle use at many times during the
year, besides the temporary housing of
crops. With such help, the main
building need not be as large nor as ex-
pensive. This system also offers less
danger from fire. This preliminary
question, it strikes me, deserves fuller
consideration than it generally obtains,
especially on ordinary-sized farms.
CHEAP AND CONVENIENT
ROOT CELLAR.
On an exceptionally well managed
farm, which we visited lately, we saw
two such barns, so fitted that a large
crop of potatoes were safely housed in
economically laid Easements, where ad-
vantage had been taken of the lay of
the land so as to decrease the extent of
side walls and yet unload most con-
veniently from the barn floor. A we'll
protected double set of doors allowed
of the crop being carried away at the
lowest level and from the south side,
whilst entrance was secured in the
coolest weather from the barn floor
above. A heavy coat of dry earth,
between floors, prevented all danger of
to be stored for future market, such
style of economical cellars might prove
advantageous. Having thus stated
some preliminary points, of consider
able Importance, we shall in forth
coming article take up the question OF
a model barn for an ordinary stock
farm. E. A. BARNARD.
Quebec, p. @.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22
Unnatural Appetite.

When cattle gnaw and swallow sub
stances not commonly regarded as their
natural food. their owners are naturally
curious to know why they do 30. The
fact that both horned cattle and horses
are liable to such habit no one with
the opportunity to observe them will
dispute. For many years it was re-
garded as mere trick, formed in the
idleness of winter quarters; but when
chemists had made some progress in
the agricultural branch of their science,
and had discovered what are the con-
stituents of the forage plants which are
converted by digestion and assimilation
into the bodies of beasts, natural in
ference was established that if for any
reason the plants are lacking in a due
proportion Of the proper substances,
the animals which consume them will
feel the lack in their own bodies, and
&c banker after extraneous and I'M
usual sources Of the same substances.
This is good logical deductive rea-
soning, and is easily confirmed by OBJ
servation. Everybody who handles do
mestic animals which are not carnivor-
GUS notices in them an appetite for a
certain mineral, common salt. Near
the sea this instinct fails to show itself,
and also ON the barren plains which
were the beds of old seas in interior
regions, or where salt springs break out
of the ground. To these the wild
herbage-eating animals make long pill
grimages. In our western country they
were known as licks," because deer,
antelope and buffalo frequented them
to lick the saline earth.
When chemists discovered that plants
growing in poor soils lack the full guam
tity of bone-earth phosphate of lime)
sulphur and potash which the same
plants contain if grown in rich land, it
was easy for Psychologists to reason
from that fact that animals fed exclu-
sively on such half-starved vegetation
would themselves be starving for the
scantily supplied substances. The idea
did not originate with practical farm
ers, because they did not have pos
session of the facts upon which the be-
lief is based. Many farmers do not be-
lieve the theory to-day. They pos
sess, by observation, another series of
facts, which they think entirely dis
prove it. They notice, for instance,
that among animals of the same kind
and age, fed with precisely the same
food, some have the habit and some
have not They notice, too, that in a
herd, all fed upon food grown upon
rich land, and supplied to them in full
variety, some will gnaw bones and
boards, and some will not. Now in
these two cases the science on one side
is just as good science as the science on
the other side-because both are de.
rived from intelligently observed and
rightly co.ordinated facts. The chem.
ist has no advantage over the farmer in
this matter, for both are reporting cor
rectly observed facts, and forming logi.
cal conclusions therefrom.
Is there any way of harmonizing the
difference? Will wider induction dc
it, No one who closely observes oul
brute friends can believe that they are
mere automatons. They have individ
uslity; within their limitations they
have character. They do not merely
eat to live and live to eat. While each
class has similar tastes, individuals
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

A FARMER writes that one of the
earliest recollections of his boyhood
days was the destruction of sixty-nine
sheep in single night by pack of
good-for-nothing dogs. A slaughter of
fifteen or twenty in siuge night it has
been his lot to suffer at times, and
lighter losses of three to ten have been
quite frequent. Is it a wonder that so
much wool has to be imported?
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

BUCKLEN's ARNICA SALvE.-The
best salve in the world for cuts, bruises,
sores, ulcers. salt rheum, fever sores,
letter, chapped hands, chilblains, corns
and all skin eruptions, and positively
cures piles, or no pay required. 1t is
guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction,
or money refunded. Price twenty-five
cents per box. For sale by G. Blakely,
Montpelier, VT.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22
The Great Nerve, Brain and Blood
InyigOrant.

DR.. GREENE'S NER VURA
is the most successful remedy
eUer discOUered. Its sales are
simply enormous. 1t cures
more cases of disease than any
other knOWn medicine, and
has saved thousands upon
thousands from Paralysis, In
sanity, Nervous Prostitution,
Physical Exhaustion or Death.
III Is beyond all question the
greatest heatth restOrer IN eD-
istence.
Use this wonderful remedy II you wish to
get well, for 1t is a sure and positive cure.
For sale by all druggists; price el.Oo per bot.
tie. Refuse all substitutes.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22
ID This How lou Feel?

If you are Vedk, tired and
nervous sOitb iifeless feeling
and no ambition to DOrk, it
tCW restore your strength,
Ui0Or and energies. FyOu are
steepLess and Udke tired morn
inOs with dull head, bad taste
in the mouth, no appetite de-
preston Of mind and eItreme
nervousness, IL sOiU clear your
head, tome up your nerves,
inUi0Ordte your blood and put
cin and life into you.
DR.. Greene, the famous lecturer and spe-
cialist in the cure of nervous and chronic
diseases can be consulted free at his office, %
Temple Place, Boston, Mass. personally or
| by letter.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-04-22

ONE of the heaviest taxes levied on
the farmers of the country is imposed
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-10-04

SULTAN OF TURKEY. dul-McdZid, nor
his uncle, Abdul-Azis. He is not so tall
or so slender rs his father, and is of the
Armcno-Arab rather than of the Turk
ish type. His mother was Il Georgian.
The sultan's general appearance is char
actcrizcd by II sort of tired dignity,
mingled with an expression of mclan-
cholic sadness, which is not without
charm. His black beard, now slightly
tingcd with gray, is short, thick, and
trimmed almost to Il point. The fore
head is broad. lightly bulged above tho
eyebrows, hollow at the temples. and
wrinkled all over. The lines running
down to the base of the nose, which in
dictate profound and mcditative thought,
are accumulated. The eye is dark gray,
large, well formed, pcnsive, slightly
yelled, penetrating, kindly, very change
able and anxious; it is deepest in it's or
bit, although the ocular globe is promi-
nent. The cyclids with their thick
lashes are more or less stumped. The
eye is that of thinker, of Il suspicious
mediator, with subjective will pow
er. The nose is long and thin at it's
base, bony and strong Mt the nostrils.
The mouth is large, and the teeth,
rather yellow than white. are widely
separated. The lower lip is stronger
and thicker than the upper one. The
expression is energetic and reveals
mixture of pronounced scnsualism and
real kindness. The sultan's hair is
black and cut short. The skull rccedes
toward the top; the little brain is strong
~ marked. The ears are long and Wig
orously cut. The complexion is dark
ish brown. The hands are fine and
nervous; the finger nails rosy and cut
short The feet arc archcd and slender.
Abdul-Hamid's voice is sympathetic and
sonorous. He speaks lower than his
subjects, and smiles but little in the
presence of strangers. He has an ex-
cellent memory for faces, but recalls
names with difficulty.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-10-04
THE SHEKEL.

der the leader Simon Bar-Cochebas, who
was then proclaimed ruler of the He
brews.
The New York Coin and Stamp Com
pany is tho owner of this interesting
antiquity. Manager Proskey inter
prcted it's curious characters and sym
bols to a World reporter.
son the DIVERSE" he said, sis con-
ventional representation of the bcauti-
full gate of Solomon's temple 1t is,
perhaps, the only picture of that edifice
cXtant. The Hebrew characters signi-
fy Simon or Simeon. Above is star,
abiding to Simon's surname, Bar-Coch-
ebas or Cochab, which signifies the son
of a star
THE reverse bears the inscription:
Second year of the deliverancc of Is
racl.' The two emblems are the ethrog
and lulab. The ethrog is species of
citron. The lulab, or bunch of palm
branches, in olden times was used in
the temple, in the house of prayer
when the Hallel psalms were rccited,
and was seldom out of peoples hands
in the daytime. About the base of
the lulab is basket. 1t is the golden
pdShcI Will WHICH WcuiLny 1SrdcnIoS
used to adorn their lulab much as rich
church-gocrs now ornament their
prayer-bools. OF the four or five coins
like this now known no two are exactly
alike. Perhaps n separate die was
used for each. No satisfactory explain
alton of the fact has yet been offered.
This shelsel was tho last coin struck by
the Hebrews as Il nation
On looking at the shelsel closely
series of half effaced devices were
found.
That's another chapter of the coins
history" Mr.. Proslscy said. These
coins were struck to carry the news of
victory. Here is proof of the fact
Under the palm branches and Hebrew
letters you will find the device of An
tioch plainly outlined. The Israelites
evidently had the money in their pos
session. but recoined it to spread the
news. 1t was really the first type of
the newspaper, bearing the tidings of
victory and deliverancc to the OPP
pressed"
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-10-04

Sidney e. Cooke, n member of the stock
exchange. They moved to Knoxville,
Tenn, and Mr.. Cooke died there in 1888
Mrs. Cooke has for years taken IN ac-
tive interest in charitable work. She
was one of the managers of the Brook
lyn orphan asylum. ~ person who
knew her well summed up a number of
her strong points thus: "She is n wom-
an of wide culture and with u winning
gentleness. She has n quick sense of
humor and is an interesting CONVERSE
tionalist. She has also the faculty of
adjusting difficulties without resorting
to heroic methods and promoting the
ends of peace and harmony"
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-10-04
SA LEM
ANOTHER INDUSTRY.
Salem Secures the carper Rail-
way Engine Company.
ROANOKE TIMES BUREAU,
HOTEL LUCERNE, SALEM, VA.

Hon. Wing6eld Griffin and Mr.. d. b.
Strouse have returned from New York,
where they attended meeting of the
board of directors of the Carper Rail
way Engine Company. They informed
TINES representative that the beard OF
directors ordered the immediate cree
b ton of shops, to be fitted with COM
plete set of machinery, at Salem, for
the construction of the stack and other
devices for railway engines. Whilst
there the officers OF the company had
conferences with the of several great
railroad systems, all of which are eX-
pected to be large patrons of this COM
pany.
From present indications the Carper
Railway Engine Company appears to be
the most important corporation which
has been organized in this section.
These gentlemen state that all of the
railroad officials with whom they con.
versed hold the Norfolk and Western in
high estimation on account of the very
intelligent and progressive conduct Of
its affairs, including its motive power.
The exhibit just issued by this COM
pany is regarded as a most thorough
and carefully prepared paper. The
comparative tests made and tables pre-
pared by the Norfolk and Western
Railroad Company are very elaborate
and show the Carper devices to be per-
feet arrester of sparks, assgood steamer
and great saver of fuel.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1891-10-04
An Ancient Clock.

A clock said to have been the prop
crty of the great reformcr. John Knox,
is now in the possession of lawyer in
Huntingdon, Pa, w. H. Woods. This
venerable relic, made in 1860 Mt Paisley
Scotland, was handed down in the Knox
family for one hundred and fifty years,
the Philadelphia Press says, and finally
came into the hands of John Wither-
spoon, father of one of the signcrs Of
the declaration of independence. When
John Withcrspoon, the son, left Scot
land i'll 1IGS to take charge of
Princeton college he brought the old
heirloom with him across the broad
Atlantic. and when he was elected to
the continental congress the old time
piece was ticking in his parlor and in
dictated the hour of his departure ":
transact his patriotic duties. MY.
Woods mother was the daughter of the
younger Withcrspoon