davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

sble aids or factors in plant life showing
by related experiments that it was equally
necessary to plant and animal vitality and
growth. Plants, he showed, must also have
oxygen supplied TO them through the
roots, that absorbed through the air being
not in many cases sufficient. He described
very clearly the valuable and painstaking
experiments in plant nonrishment made
by eminent French, German and American
scientists and displayed a chart prepared
by himself showing the Indispensable and
accessory factors or conditions in the grow
ing of crops in general.
First from the sun were derived heat and
light without which there could be no
life. In the atmosphere he showed that
there must be heat, water, oxygen and car
bon of carbonic acid, nitrogen of am
moria, nitric acid and free nitrogen being
active contributing agents in the same.
In the soil there must be the following
elements, which are indispensable: Heat,
water, sulphur of sulphates, phosphorus
of phosphates, chlorine of chlorides, nj
trogen with compounds and potassium cal
cium, magnesium and iron with their
several compounds. He held the following
to be accessory agents in the soil to crop
development; Silica and silicates, carbon
ates, hydroxidcs of iron and aluminium,
humus, carbonic acid, microbes. This last
was recently discovered but most impor-
tant factor. Before ending his very able
address he showed the best and cheapest
way to secure these desirable and necessary
factors.
The question, "Lime us Fertilizer" !"
then came up for consideration, DR.. Neale
opening the discussion by stating that the
use of lime seemed to be decreasing in Del
aware. He claimed that lime was very
valuable to some land, in making it more
friable and more pervious to moisture. lie
strongly advised its use on land which was
to be turned under where there was an ex-
cess of insect or fungus life in soil, or
where better drainage was required. David
use Of lime on Delaware soil. The discus
sion was joined by Professors Beckwith,
Penny, Chester, johnson, Julian Janvier
and DIR Blacl-
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

The Laws Aroused by 'cIsling Flames--
They Barely Esc.i.s Death.

LhE9 oAfttt 1-otHFs Dchths
Fire broke out in the two-story frame
house occupied by Alexander Laws,
colorcd, and his wife, on Garesche Lane,
near the Edge Moore cutoff of the
Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore
railroad, about o'clock, a. m.syesterday
week. In short time the fire gained
such Roadway that it was impossible to
subdue the flames, and the dwelling was
entirely destroyed.
A noise, as If made by the falling Of
timber on the floor below, aroused Mrs.
Laws from her slumbers, and few
minutes later the bright light of the
cracking flames streaming through the
hallway told her that the building was
on fire. She made haste to arouse her
husband and by this time the fire was
creeping through the floor and threaten
ing to destroy the bedroom in which
they were sleeping. Quickly seizing
enough clothes to protect them from the
cold, the couple fled out upon the house
roof and leaped to the ground below.
The building was completely
destroyed, entailing loss of $500
The fire is supposed to have been caused
by defective Hue.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19
Cecil County Agricultural Society.

ELKToy. MD., Nov. 11.-At the annual
meeting of stockholders of the Cecil County
Agricultural Society the following board
ofdiroctors was chosen: DR.. H. II. Mitchell,
John Gilpin, John W. Harriott, George s.
Woolley. Harry c. Mcdowell, Samuel J.
Arbuckle, z. Porter Lusby, Chalsley B.
Phillips, Manly Drennen, DR.. Howard
Bratton, Richard L. Thomas and Morris
Dunbar. Henry NJ. Mccullough of Elk
ton and John w. Harriott of Chesapeake
City were selected to solicit subscriptions
to additional stock. II was decided to re-
store to the stockholders their former right
to pass during the fair, and to allow
passes to those visiting the fair, provided
$500 worth additional stock is taken in the
town of Elkton. They adjourned to meet
Tuesday next for organization. 1t is now
thought that sufficient stock will be taken
to pay of some of the outstanding debts
of the society and start the fair anew.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19
THE G. A. r. EscAmPmExr.
washingtonians Preparing for the Event
--The Capitol City VIII be Blaze Of
Light by Night.

Preparations are already in progress
for the national encampment of the
Grand Army of the Republic which will
be held in Washington next fall and
posts are beginning TO contract for
which was held few days ago at the
Arlington the stories of extortion and
lack Of accommodations which are being
circulated in certain cities were vigor-
ously denounced and it was resolved to
charge none but the regular rates.
During the encampment the city and
public buildings will be surprisingly and
brilliantly illuminated. The old stereo-
typed method, by the use of fireworks
and torch-light parades, practiced by
the Romans centuries ago, will be cast
aside, and gas and electricity called into
play. II will not be for night, but for
the entire time of the encampment. The
lighting of Pennsylvania avenue will be
the greatest triumph. Both arc and incan-
descent lights will be used and il will
be kept in blaze of glory all night
long. If there are any arches
on the avenue they will be brilliantly
illuminated, incandescent bulbs by the
thousands resting among the folds of
the flags, banners, palms and flowers,
and in the decorations. So also when
large pictures of great generals are dis
played lights will be arranged so that
they can be exhibited to the very best
advantage. Outside the electric light
companies territory gas will be used.
Special attention will be directed toward
the illumination of the Capitol, White
House, monument, treasury, patent
office, post-ofllce department and other
public buildings. In this part of the
illumination the electric flash light will
play an important part. Many of these
lights, with a power equal to $4,000
candles, such as are used on men-of-
war, will be utilized. With the search
light playing upon it from some suitable
elevation, the Capitol can be made to
stand out brilliant picture, a palace of
marble against background of dense
black that will surpass in effect any
view ever had of it. A similar result
will be had with all tie other buildings.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19
MARCUS HOOK's NOON.



The Chester, Pa, Times of Tuesday says:
A gang of GO men is at work on the Marcus
Hook improvements Operations are
wrapped in mystery and inquiries elicit no
information as to the nature of the plant
eventually to be located there. Guards
patrol the grounds and keep inquisitive
strangers off. The workmen are now en-
gagged building the bed for railroad,
which, it is said, will connect with the p,
W. d i. railroad below Linwood. The
Atlas Dredging Company has the dredger
Z. V. White off shore throwing up bulk
head. In the centre OF the bulRhead n
wharf so feet wide will be constructed, ex-
tending into the river 400 feet, The bulk
head will be 800 feet long and 20 feet broad.
1t is also learned that the Pennsylvania
railroad has been surveying on both sides
of the Scott Grace tract, but for what pur-
pose it is not learned.
There is great scene of activity on the
river front. The rattling of the chains as
the huge scoop goes to the bed OF the river
and the putting of the engines as it comes
up loaded with black mud, the pounding
OF the pile driver few yards distant, the
busy workmen on the land. and the horses
and carts have transformed the late pas
toral scene. The people of Marcus Hook
are just as curious us the outside world
and the operations offer the loungers q
place at which to kill time.
The rumor that oil refineries were to be
built at Hook seems to be the popular
theory but there is nothing definite upon
which to base the theory except the al
legged construction OF the pipe line from
Greggs station to Philadelphia.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

An explanation of what is termed the
overcharges in freight tolls on peaches
shipped via the Pennsylvania railroad,
(the subject Of many suits against
buyers and commission men) was tcrsley
explained in the case against the
Parsons in Smyrna Monday week. In
former years it appears that the railroad
based the weight of car load of
peaches at. 10000 pounds, 533 baskets,
but this year the weight was advanced
to $4,000 pounds and to GOO baskets, but
the shippers claim from the smaller and
more flexible baskets good many moro
were squeezed In, and not including the
excess thus obtained, they were settled
with at the old rate of 10000 pounds
which was 16 cents per basket, whereas,
rating the car at $4,000 pounds, it
would have been IA cents a basket, or n
very slight fraction over that. The diff
ference between what was claimed and
what was paid was; tn New York, IA
cents per basket; to Boston, A cents; to
Hartford, 81 cents; to Providence, 81
cents; to Springfield, ~ cents; to Scran-
ton, 8 cents per basket.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19
A Young woman Assaulted.

CHEsTERTowN, Nd, Nov. ll.-Romaine
Wickes was arrested and placed in Chester
town Jail to-day, charged with felonious
assault upon Emma Reed, a reputable
colored woman, at Edisville. She was
found at her home this morning in criti.-
cuts on her forehead and her face entirely
covered with blood. She regained con-
sciousness under the treatment of Or.
Fisher. She said that Wickes came to her
home and said he had message from her
brother, and upon being refused admit
tance broke the door down and seized her
was soon caught by the man, who struck
her several times with his fists. She says
she was then dragged some distance and
abused. Wickes will lay in Jail until the
next term of court.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

The death is announced, in this city
on Wednesday week. of Cecil Will
lard, aged 30 years, of consumption. He
was piccolo player in the First Regi-
ment Band aud enjoyed the reputation
of being the finest performer upon that
instrument in the city. He was step
son of Policeman Andrew 7. Peterson,
who was shot and killed by Lewis
Davis, several years ago. He leaves a
wife. The funeral took place at 2
o'clock Sunday afternoon, with inter-
ment at Riyerview cemetery.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19
New IRaiiroad Contemplated.

A railroad to extend from Perryville,
Nd, to Mason and Dixon's line there to
connect with projected road from Read
ing, Pa, through New Holland, Lancaster
county, is proposed. The portion of the
Harrisburg last week. 1t will beknown as
the Reading, Lancaster and Baltimore
Railroad Company. Lancaster will be
reached by branch from Strasburg. The
entire length of the line will be fifty-two
miles. The capital stock is S., SOC, 900, and
the incorporates are II. G. Lehman, J. Is.
Martin, j. A. Burger, $. Cay Miller, C. u.
Lehman, Lancaster; Il. Billingfeet, Adams
Ingram, strasburg. The president is Il.
G. lehman.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19


MILFORD, Nov. 12.--A very pretty we'd
ding was solemnizcd in the Nj. Il. Church
at Glendale, last evening, when Miss
Harvey Coverdale of Wilmington, the Rev.
MIR. Cardova performing the ceremony:
The maid Of honor was Miss Laura Reed
of Glendale, and the bridesmaids were
Miss Ella Warren OF this town and Mrs.
y. II. Reed of Ellendalc. The groom was
attended by his best man, George Ellie
good, while Harry Jester and David Donu-
van acted as ushers. The bride was given
away by her step-father. ]. Ii. Jester. She
was handsomely attired in costume of
light tan faille silk, trimmed in chiffon
and smilax. Among those who attended
the reception which followed ut the home
of the brides parents were Miss Florence
Coverdale, Wilmington; Miss May
Swain, y. NJ. Lynch, Harrington;
Mrs. John Morris, Miss Belle Donovan,
Georgetown; MIR. and Mrs. S. j. Wilson,
Miss Lena Oliver, Milton; Mr.. and Mrs.
Robbins, Robbins Station; Mrs. Torbert
Belts, Mrs. I;achcl Davidson. Mf. and Mrs.
Asbury Smith, Mrs. Wesley Smith, Mrs.
Annie Jester, Miss Ella Warren, Miss Ella
Smith, Miss Sue Roach, Miss Laura Twigg,
Augustus IIolson, L, Warren, Milford;
Rev. and Mrs. Cardova, Mr.. and Mrs. ID.
II. Reed, David Donovan, Miss Donovan,
the Misses Short, Mr.. and Mrs. ID. +.
Whitney, Mrs. John Clendaniel, Mr.. and
Mrs. John Prettyman, Ellendale. The
newly welded couple left on the early
train this morning for Wilmington, where
the honeymoon will be spent. They will
reside in this town.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19
Received a nIcKinlcy Rooster.

John McSwinney Of the Diamond
Match Company, received by express
from friend in Ohio, few days ago
box containing live rooster. A card
attached to the bird announced that il
was q "NIcKinley rooster" Mr.
McSwinney will keep the bird, but as
his sympathies were not with Mckinley
in the recent election he will endeavoi
to convert it into genuine Democratic
rooster before the Presidential contest Of
next year is decided,
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

termined to sell Ills entire stock Of i ieweIry hv
at No. 229 Market street, within the next
two weeks. The stock will be disposed OF
either at private sale or at public auction,
the valuation Of the property being about
$4,000. Mr.. Mahaffy has been at the
present location for a few years. Too
much business is assigned as the reason for
vacating the old stand, the attention of the
marshal being occupied by his duties as a
government official and as politician.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

Andrew Horsey, colored, who is charged
upon three indictments for backing policy
and who was held in an additional 81 900
bail by Judge Ball last evening upon the
noon Thursday. The names of bondsmen
are withheld by the clerk of the munich
pal court for reasons that are obvious
Horsey's total bail is 5000.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

In The case of the location Of the new
school house in School District No. 1903
near Bear Station, Chancellor salisbury
Thursday granted the preliminary in.
junction prayed for by John 4. Haye.
and Eli Crossan, restraining the school
commissioners from erecting the school
house upon the site selected by them
Argument upon making the injunction
perpetual will be heard later.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

A new water company has been formed
in Elkton, Md. The incorporators are
Joseph &. Johnson and George Nj. John
son of Baltimore, W. 7. Warburton,
George MeQuiikin and Il. G.. Lewis of Elk,
ton. Mr.. Johnson of Baltimore, will make
a contract with the company to put in
water works in Elkton, and will do some
portion of the work this winter. The
name of the corporation is THE Maryland
Water Company of Cecil County,
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

Sheriff Simmons sold at public sale, yes
terday afternoon week, a lot onWater street
near Harmony, in New Castle. I41x600
feet, extending to the Delaware river,
seized as the property of Joanna Burnett,
administrators of James Kennedy, de-
ceased. 1t was purchased by Alexander
&. Cooper, attorney for the judgment
creditor, for $50,
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

The West Chester Neins says: William
deliver his lecture on Echoes From the
Locomotive Cab, Round House and the
Rail- and "Safe High Speed Travel, nm
Wilmington. Del, on December 9th. Tho
lecture will be before the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Engineers, on the occasion of a
visit frcm the Southern Division of the
order to that city.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19
Rurular. in CeciI County.

The store of II. Ellsworth Simpers, at
Leslie, Cecil county, Md. was entered by
burglars Tuesday night week and about $50
worth Of goods stolen, consisting of boots,
shoes, &c.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

According to a dispatch from Teguci-
galpa, Honduras is honeycombed with
revolutionists. who are determined that
Iayra shall not occupy the presidency.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

The firm of +. H. Smith & Co., ship
brokers and commission merchants of
New York city, made an assignment Thurs
day, their liabilities amounting to over
$4,000.
Delaware gazette and state journal. (Wilmington, Del.) 1883-1902, 1891-11-19

s'Dr." Frances II. Davis, the. appre-
hended member Of tho staff of eminent
physicians and surgeons was taken over
to New Castle jail on Thursday in the
van with the other prisoners. He was un-
able to secure bail. His friends in New
York did not respond to his appeal for pc
cuniary assistance.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-01-06
BUILDERS ANNUAL MEETING.
An Election of Officers Which Proves
Rather Interesting. e..

An Election of Officers Which Proves
Rather Interesting. e.,
The annual meeting of the Builders Ex-
change was held yesterday at the rooms on
Liberty street. There was large attendance.
In the absence of President Lupton. Vice
President Barnes filed the chair. The annual
reports were read and were in substance. as
printed in The DISPATCH on Sunday. The
various committees reported and Ill members
were elected to membership.
The chief feature Of the evening was the
election of officers. SO much interest was man
ifested in it that l50 of the total membersh1p,l5S
was present TO participate in naming the
officers who shall have charge of the affairs Of
the exchange for the ensuing year. The prin-
cipal fight was on the Office of president. W..
B. Lupton had been president for two years.
but in some way had gotten the i'll will OF
many of the members, and H R. Barnes was
nominated against him. Mr.. Barnes was
elected were: Vice-Presdents, ]. r. Brugge-
man., Adam Wilson; secretary E. A. Knox;
treasurer, 7. j. Hamilton: directors A. j. Har-
mack. S. A. Steel, Reese Lindsay, d. r. Speer.
A. Rasner, A. H. Lauman: committee OF ap-
peals Thomas W. Irwin. ]. P. Knox. $. A
Steel, F. Benz. G. II. Stolzenbach. Reese Lind
say.
Reese Lindsay s. A. Steel and Adam Wilson
were elected delegates to the National Builders
Asso citation, which meets IN New York next
month. A. II. Lauman, A. Rasner and T. J..
Williams were elected alternates. T. j. Ham
ilton goes as delegate at large. being n men,
Der of the Board of Directors of the National
Association.
Mr.. Barnes. the new president of the ex-
change. is the well known brick contractor of
l27 Webster street. He has been identified
with building interests in the city for a number
of years and has put up some of the largest
Lewis block, the Fidelity Tile and Trust build
ing, the Hussey and Stevenson buildings.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-01-06
HOW INDIANS LIVE.
A Former Agency Issue Clerk Tells just
What Rations Are Dealt Out to the In
dians-An Old Friend of Father Graft.

A Former Agency Issue Clerk Tells just
What Rations Are Dealt Out to the In
dians-An Old Friend of Father Graft.
E. P. McFadden, of this city, was for
long time issue clerk at the Standing Rock
Indian Agency, and, as result, knows all
about the rations dealt out to the Sioux In
dians. He declares that they are entirely too
small to live on, and gives the list as follows:
Rations are issued on the plan of two persons
for two weeks The list includes one pound
of sugar. half pound coffee one pound of bacon
or pork, an eighth pound beans. half pound
rice, half bar soap. For every 100 meals %
pounds of -four are allowed. For 4. 600 Indians
on the reservation l6O steers were killed or
one for about so persons. No money was ever
paid them and their only source of revenue
was the steer hides, which were bought in at
s. So though they were worth Sc or 81.
Along toward winter il is found necessary to
give out clothing. and the annual supply fol-
lows: A suit of jeans clothes, pair of overails,
blouse, ono calico and two woolen shirts, pair
of shoes pair of stockings and a blanket.
The women get 10 yards of calico, 10 yards of
gingham, 3 yards denham, IA yards of crash
towelinp. and the old sQuaws each get butcher
knife The Indians who work get pair of
boots and Two pairs of stockings, pair OF
gloves, a hat or cap, and an overcoat- The
women who have children at school are given
i've yards of Scotch plaid extra.
Annually 100 stoves and 80 wagons are dealt
out in this reservation. Each family gets cups
and saucers, 2 plates and knives and forks.
The necessary farming utensils are also given
out to those who work.
Mr.. McFadden was an old friend of Father
Craft. who was killed since the outbreak, the
two having tented together for several years.
Mr.. McFadden declares that Father Craft was
firm friend of the Indians, and If his ideas
had prevailed there would have been no
trouble.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1891-01-06
OPERATORS HAVE THE FLOOR.
Their Opinion of the New Wage Scale as
Presented by the Miners-An Advance

Their Opinion of the New Wage Scale as
Presented by the AIiners-An Advance
Not justified by the Condition of Trade
What They Want.
Matters are getting interesting in the coke
regions. Following is the text of state
ment sent yesterdayto to the wage committee
of the miners by the operators:
We have carefully considered the wage scale
for 1891. 1t calls for alterations in cur plants,
reductions in hours of labor from nine to eight
for alI-day men, and asks for an advance of 10
TO 20 cents day. 1t also asks an advance for
miners and coke drawers. We do not believe
the business outlook for 1891 justifies the de.
mand for an advance of wages. On the con-
trary. we believe the outlook justihes and de-
mands reduction of wages. and IL it is desir-
able to maintain the amicabe relations now ex-
listing between us, you will try to agree with us
on SCALE for the ensuing year that will dimin-
ish the cost of production.
When the present scale was made all the
ovens were operating full time, and the outlook
for the future could not have been brighter.
The price for furnace coke was then 81 10 per
ton. and so enthusiastic were your national
officers-Messrs. Rae and Watchorn-oyer the
favorable outlook, that they openly declared
III the conference that We would be receiving
So per ton for furnace coke before the scale
year expired.
To-day, with 40 per cent Of the ovens out of
blast ana the price of coke of % cents per ton.
we arc not even able to find a market for the
working four and five days per week. We sub
init, i'll view of these facts, il your demands are
not untmely and unreasonable. and If our de-
mands for reduction in wages are not fair,
reasonable and right. We hope your organiza-
lion will prove il can be fair and reasonable by
manfully meeting the task, unpleasant though
1t be, and share with US the burden of depres-
sion, as we have shared with you the fruit OF
DrOSDerity.