davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

Assistant Prosecutor Joseph N. Noonan will
spend the summer at sharon Springs.
The District Court Judges contemplate closing
tine courts for one month alternately this sum
mer.
Counsellor ]. Herbert Potts Is the largest
practitioner in the District Courts Of this city.
Clerk Rooney Of the Board OF Health is writ
ing a book which VIII contain his "reminiscences
OF physicians OF the past and present in this
county.
Counsellor Max Salinger says that he will
drop politics as soon as his Aldermanic term is
over.
Mr.. Richard Bell OF 10. 2S Grove street, re-
turned yesterday afternoon from a three
months tour through the South he has been
greatly benefited by his trip.
Mrs C. Z. Gudgeon OF Cincinnati IS visiting
her son. Charles Gudgeon, who is superintend-
ing the construction of Mulone's new opera
house un1er Contractor j.. Erwin HillsBot.
Mrs. Della T.. S. Parnell. mother Of Charles
Stewart Parnell, who has been visiting lrieuds IN
New York for the past mouth. returned to her
home at BordentoWn on Saturday.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

The dangers of indiscriminate use
of cosmetics is shown in the recent
death at Buda-Pesth of the popular
young actor, Louis Benedek, who was
a victim to the dangerous habit of
using deleterious substances in ''mak-
ing up" This death is by no means
an isolated case. There are several
instances of actrors, actresses and
Others. whose practises in this direc-
ton have been attended with fatal re-
suits. OF all the comsetics in use the
most dangerous undoubtedly is the
white, which is usually prepared with
carbonate of lead, and which not only
eauteriZes the skin but chaps and
wrinkles it, produces pimples and
warts, entails trembling fits and colics,
not unfrequently endingin eonvul-
sions or paralysis.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
Rsmarkable billiard Play.

Probably in the whole history of bill
lizards no match has ever excited anything
like such an amount of public interest as
has the one between the professionals,
Roberts and North, which. after a fort
nights duration, ended on Saturday
night, after a close struggle. in favor Of
the former by the narrow n~lojority of 245
points. There were three extraordinary
features about this match. IL was one of
"a, 900 up" a start OF half this total was
allowed TO North and the stakes a issue
were no less than 5000. Day after day
even standing room To view the match
was at times difficult to obtain, aud, with
the prices of seats abnormally high,
the gate must haye been an enormous
one. Whatever may be decided as re-
cards the rules for the championship of
billiards 1t IS quite certain that the b. p.
generally much prefers TO attend and
watcn a game in which the spot stfoke''
is barred.-Pdu MdU Gazette.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
Was eoldsmIth sIarrIea9

Oliver Goldsmith as a married citizen is
surprising the literati who have regarded
him hitherto rs a bachelor. While rum
maging among the p%arochial archives of
Ellington, Mr.. E. Davey, Clerk Of the
Guardians, has. accordingto a London pa
per, found an old book which gives some
Interesting facts about the famous metro
politan district as it existed in 1901.
The parish is described MS "a merry VII
lage adjacent to London. and a favorite
resort for its citizens" Another entry in
the curious volume mas raised a startling
controversy among local antIquaries.
The genial Oliver Goldsmith is generally
supposed to lave lived and died n bach
elor. In Islingtoa another tradition Elk
lists.
1t is to the effect that not only had Oil
yer a little habitation there, where he
spent a good deal of his time, but by his
Deighbors he vas regarded as a respec'e-
BILE married citizen. In the recently-fouid
book occurs the name of Mary Olivia
Goldsmith, and it IS stated that this was
nome other than the poets daughter
Nep York Home Journal,
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

whimper OF cowardice. Those who
fight man to man may claim some
rude respect. but the gang has no
such justification. The records show
tn e gang always ready to attack the
weak; always quick to run away from
any show Of effective strength. 1t is
the lowest degradation of rufianism;
always menacing; never to be toler-
ated.
As to the result of this particular
case, it is extremely painful to any
man with a heart under his ribs. 1t
should move charity to investigate
the need of Mrs. Reich and to help
her.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
Hudson County's Debt.

The discovery that the debt of Hud-
son County is less than that of Essex,
both absolutely and in proportion to
population, must be disheartening to
the Eceninq NelDs and the other ex-
tremely good people of Newark who
have been in the habit of bewailing
the wickedness and extravaganza
Of Hudson county, its residents, its
politics, and the administration of its
affairs. Yet such is the case. The
total debt of Hudson County as
returned by the censu is 81. 100, 500 or
an average of $4.fs per capita, while
Essex owes 81, s66. 719, an average of
$495 per capita.
OF course, this computation was
made before Hudson County's Park
and Boulevard bonds were hoated,
and these two items will swell our
debt to over three millions, with a
corresponding per capita increase; but
the county will have something to
show for its money, and the ~liberality,
enlightenment and enterprise of Hud-
SOD viii be conspicuous in contrast
with the parsimony and lack of pub
lie spirit OF Essex. Besides, the rapid
influx Of residents which these i'm
provements viii doubtless cause, will
probably so increase the population
that by the next time the census is
taken the per capita distribution of
debt will hardly be greater than at
present, Notwithstanding the increase
i'm the total
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
NORTH HUDSON.

The attendance at the concert in the
Union Hit Schuetzen PARK was not as
large as usual owing to the threatening
weather yesterday.
The Sea Gull Pleasure Club Of West
New York will hold their annual picnic
at Rock Cellar PARK on next Friday even
ing. On Saturday. Decoration Day,
Hickory Engine Company viii hold their
picnic at the same park.
A sail boat in which were -four young
men, capsized off the West Shore ferry
yesterday. The young men were picked
up by a passing tug boat. They lived in
New York.
The Union Hill Town Council meets to-
night
Harvey Lyons of Weehawken was mar
riea TO q Brooklyn girl last week.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

STEERS FIVE commitments were made on
complaint Of Juhn Corcorau. Justice
Fauss refused to give the committee the
names of the com plainants in the cases of
the 2l7 commitments he made. The
Sheriff furnished TO the tramps 1854
meals The tramp bills paid amounted TO
s50f. 20. and bills are pendin0 amounting
t. $2.171.09, making the total cost to tue
for tue period mentioned
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

If the new" South really wishes to deserve
the title of which it boasts. 1t will not put UP q
monument to JEFF DAVIS; but will uso its best
endeavors to forget al about that traitor. Estate
Gazette.
The New South would be shame
fully u~ngrateful if it forgot the devo-
ton of JEFF" Davis to the Old South.
He may have bsen lanentably in
error, but the love of the Presi-
dent Of the Confederacy for his
people is not open to doubt. This
ffippant application of the word
'straitor" to him is cowardly and con-
temptible, and tends chiefly to the in
jury Of the party in whose name it is
done.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

such positions, and thus, one after
another, barriers were laid low by the
strategy that no viclencs could have
captured. Had there been the noisy
campaign OF the incorporating
s~uffragist to drown their voices it IS
extremely doubtful how fast or how
far the progressionists would be per
mitted to advance. But there were
no battlefields, no heroines, no mar
tyrs, and so, with cordial grace, the
Swedish men granted whatever h
prudent, forbearing Swedish woman
wanted. 1t is a pleasing and grateful
history to read OF the gradual unfold
ing of womanly ambitions, fostered
by manly sympathy.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
Alma Tadema.s HONG.

Alma Tadema's studio in London is
reached by a flight of golden stairs.
the steps being entirely covered with
plates of polished brass. 1t is a great
contrast TO go from the room, so en-
tirely Greek in its character, to the
studio of Mrs. Alma Tadema, which
is q Dutch interior, with quantity
carved oak walls and little diamond
shaped windows brought from Hol-
land. The bathroom of this marvel
Gus dwelling is finished wholly in
porcelain and tiles, A mirror in the
wall turns when a spring is touched,
throwing one whole wall open to a
sunlit garden so that the bather may
have a u bath. AS to the cost of
this luxurious bathroom. it is said
that if every member of the Tadema
family takes a bath every day for the
next six years every path will have
cost only 25 cents in the end.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
MONDAY, MAY Is, 1901.
BRANCH OFFICES.

AevertIsemeuts subscriptions and Nswsdeat
srs' Orders received
US1oS HUH. Fischer, No. GPaHsads avsnus.
iznors PorSr-E. ". Dobson. opposite Railway
Depot
BAroSxr-L II. Brewer. No. 4si Aveuue D.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
NOTICE OF SETTLEMENT.
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

Estate OF Hannah Mead. deceased. Mary A. Val
leau. admlnistrarriK OF Hannah Mead. deceased. by
order of the Surrogate of Hudson county dated
Sarch Is. 1871. hereby gives notice to the crecL
Tors OF said decetenG to briug Ia thsir debts, de
manos ana claims against the estate OF said ae-
cedent, under oath or affirmation within nine
months from the date OF said order, or they vlllbs
forever barred Ut any action therfor against said
administrators.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

THIS paper Is democratic tn principle
and Is independent IN its rietos on at
Ctul questions
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
Castoria.

"Cnstoria is so web adapted to children thas
recommend it es superior to prescription
known to me-"
II. A. ARCHER, N. D.,
III SO. Oxford St, Brooklyn, N. Z.
sour physicians in the children's depart
meDt have spoken highly of their expert
ence in their outside practice with C~astoria,
and although we only have among our
medical supplies what is known as regular
products, yet we are free to confess that tho
merits Of Castoria has won us to look with
favor upon it,"
UNITED HOSPITAL AND DIsPESsAnv,
Boston, Mass
ALLEN c. SIXTH, Pres,
Street, New York City.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
Castoria.

sCastoria IS an excellent medicine for chill
dren. Mothers have repeatedly told me of its
good effect upon their children"
Da. G. G. Osaoop,
Lowell, Mass.
"Castoria Is the best remedy for children Of
which 1 am acquainted. Ihope the day is not
far distant when mothers win c nsi the real
interest Of their children, and use Castoria in
stead of the various quack nostrums which are
destroying their loved ones, by forcing opium,
morphine, soothing syrup and other hurtful
agents down their threats, thereby sending
them to premature graves
DIR. J.F. KrNcHELoE,
Conway, Ark.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

Notice is hereby given that the account OF the
hubscriner as guardian of David 6. Coleman tnow
deceasedl William Cole man. Edward Coleman
and tmma Goldman. minors. viii be auttted and
stated ~ the Surrogate OF the county OF Hudson.
and reported for settlement on Saturday. the sixth
cay Of June next
Dated March ~. A. D. 1891.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

THE ANNUAL TT or THE d
L ers of the Cary Magnetic Electric Company for
The election o. onie re- and such other business as
may come before the mestiug. will be neld at No.
I Exc1anse Place. JerseY City, on TUESDAY. June
second. F9L AZ - O'Clock a M.
Dated MAJ Is 1871
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

LET the chestnut bell ring out its
solemn peal for Hermann Peters. He
lit a fire with kerosene, with the usual
result, except that Peters will recover.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
.orIcE 81 sRrTLEMENr.

Notice Is hereby given that the final account OF
the subscriber. Q xecutrix OF -colph y. Plate. do
ceased. VIII es audited and stated by the surro=ats
OF the County Of hudson, anc reoorted for settls
nent on Friday. the 24th day OF July next
Dated May u. A D.. 1891.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
IN cHANcERY oF sew JERsEa
To Charles c. Pape

To Charles c. Pape
BY virtue or an order Of the Court of Chan
Gerry OF New Jersey made on The dav OF
the date hereof. in a cause wherein Jonn M
killen Is complainant, and you and others are de-
PENDANTS. you are required TO appear, ann plead,
defnur or answer to the complafnant's bill on or
before the Jnenty-seventh day OF Ma naxL OF inc
sand bill VIII b taken as confessed AGAINST Won
The said bill Is hlea for the partition OF certain
land in Jersey ttJ, New Jersey, whereof Marffn
Killen died sefxeu.
And you. Charles {, Pape. are uaas defendars
DO cause you are the husband Of narr PaDa Who
DIV rs an undivided sixth part o said lands
WALLIS. EDWARDS 4 BuNSTFD
solicitors Of C0mplafnant
NO. ] Exchange Pia,a
Jersey ny.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
For the bIoodis thsIife"

T oUGEsT & Co.'s WORLD LOO NIX
IL ture Is warranted to cleanse the blood from all
impurities, from whatever cause arising For
Scrofula. scurvy. SKIN and Blood Diseases and
sores of ali kinds. Its effects are marvellous. Sold
in bottles at 81 or . bottles for s.. To De had at
No. 5I3 Columbus avenue. Boston, Mass and No.
a. Pembroke place. Liverpool. England.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
swsdlsh women SET rhsre.

The evolution OF the Swedish
woman toward equality with the
Swedish man furnishes instructive
reading for the sex everywhere, says
the Illustrated american. 1t is a cap
ital illustration of the rich fruits to
be gathered when the gospel of mod
GRAFTON is faithfully preached and
practiced. As wise as serpents, vet
harmless as doves, those ladies of the
fair north won, without striking a
blow, every concession for which their
sisters over here have fought gal
lantly to snatch from the grudging
hand of mankind. They worked warily
from the inductive system, judged the
individual, and applied the knowl-
edge thus gained to the whole body.
Then approaching the folly OF at
lacking the citadel before storming
the walls, they laid siege to small
tithes of mint, anise and eummin be-
fore assailing weightier matters of
the law. With wit deserving of sue
cess, leaders of the woman movement
ignored political privileges at the
very outset and devoted their ener-
giles to righting small grievances,
knowing that the natural curse OF
events would bring the ballot in good
time. Their first effort. marked by,
dignity and an entire lack of COM
bativeness, was directed toward OPEN
ing the universities on equal terms to
the X This accomplished, their
next request was for the privilege of
praeticing on equal terms the learned
professions acquired side by side
with male students. All COM
mercial pursuits were then
petitioned for as proper call
ings for women qualified to fill
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
NOTICE TO ~cREp1roRs.

Estate OF Alfred ". Schroeder, deceased, Jeunnette
L schroeder, 10 the Will called Jeanette Schroeder,
eXecutrIx Of Alfred q. Schroeder. deceased, by
order OF the Surrogate OF Hudson county, dated
March = ls9l. hereby gives notice 60 the creditors
OF said decedent 10 bring in their debts, demands
and claims against the estate OF said decedent
under oath or affirmation within nine months
from the date Of said order, or they Will be forever
barred of any action therefor against said execu-
trfx- L
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
NOTICE OF -sETTLEMEsr.

sorice is hereby given that the account of the
subscriber. administrator Of James canil'
will be audited aud stated % the Surrogate
Of the COUNT Of Hudson, and reported for setus-
ment on Friday, tae lith day Of July next
Dated HAY ~ A. u. l53L
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
NOTICE OF
NOTICE OF

Notice is hereby given that the hnal account OF
the subscriber. administrator Of George 4. vutter r..
deeeased. win be audited and stated by the Surro-
gate OF the County OF Hudo N. and reported Tor
Settlement on Saturday. the attn day OF June next
aEoRGE W. cuTrER-
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
IoTIcE OF ASSIGNMENT

Notice is hereby given that Daniel Tofrey. OF Jer
sey City, in the County OF hud son and state of New
Jersey. TRAILING as Baniel Todey q Company hath,
this day made an assignment TO the subscriber, OF
his estate, for the equal benefit OF his creditors, and
that the said creditors must exhibit th6ir respec-
tive claims under oath or affirmation TO the sub
scriber, at his ofice. No. 1 Exchange place. Jersey
City, g. }.
Dated May 10. 1891
MAMMALIAN T. ROSENBERG.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
BUSINESS

old z M CCFFEE ROUTE
" for sale supplying hotels, etc. ia large onsn-
titles: weekly profits. S3o. Address s NJ, 40. ~
Hudson street. y.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
DIED.

DIED.
HuTrox.-In THIS city, on May %. 1891, at his resi-
dence. 81 jackson avenue. Ray kllis, only child
Of Charles y. and sarah N. Hutton, aged six
years and four months
Funeral private.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
Co.'S Special Remedy

WARRANTED TO CURE ALL DISCHARGES OF
W the Urinary organs in either sex. Gravel and
pains in the back. Price 81 per bottle. TO be had
az NO 53 columbus avenue. Boston. Mass, and
~ Pembroke place. Liverpool England.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT.
NOTICE OF SETTLEMENT.

Notice Is hereby given that the account OF the
subscriber. guardian or Emile SchweitzeF, de-
ceased, VIII be audited ana stated by the surro-
gate or the county of Hudson and renorted for
settlement on Saturday, the sd day OF May next.
Dated March u A. d. 1871
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
What is

Castoria is DR.. Samuel Pitchers prescription for Infants
and Children. 1t contains neither Opium, Morphine nor
other Narcotic substance. II is "a harmless substitute
for Paregoric, Drops. Soothing syrups, and Castor OIL.
IL is Pleasant. Its guarantee is thirty years use by
Millions of Mothers. Castoria destroys Worms and allays
fevcrishness. Castoria prevents vomiting Sour Curd.
cures Diarrhpa and Wind Collie. Castoria relieves
teething troubles, cures constipation and hatulency.
Castoria assimilates the food, regulates the stomach
and bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. Cas-
toria is the Children's Panacea-the Mothers Friend.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

Tho Contaur Company, n Murray Street, New York City.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
FOE SALE.

cALOON FOL ALE AT A BAAGAIN. OR WILL
. take partner; little cash required; Summer
place % look after reason for selling. can q
saloon No. Ia Pavonia avenue. Jersey City.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
NOTICE on sErTLENENr.

Notice is hereby given that the account OF tho
subscribers. executors OF Henry Morgan. deceased.
Will be audited aud stated by the Surrogate Of the
county OF hudson, Tad reported Ir settle ment on
Saturday. the sixth day OF June next.
Dated March IL .. i, Is9L
ROSE MORGAN
MICHAEL FAHT.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25
HELP WANTED.

WANTED-BoY FOR OFFICE Work; NUS
W write q good hand. Apply betweSd ten and
and twelve, Tuesday. May .. at Nc. S. Newark ave
nue.. j. G.
WANTED-FIVE FIRSF-CLASS MINERS AMI
~ galvanized iron cor1ice workers. Steady en-
ploymenL Apply at once. Mesker & Bro. No
z23-59 S. sixth street. st. Louis, No.
The Jersey City news. (Jersey City [N.J.]) 1889-1906, 1891-05-25

A RESPECTABLE GERMAN GIRL FOR HOUSE,
n WORK; good home preferred Call NO. &7 Third
street. nrst floor.
WANTED -CEAMBERMAID n WAITRESS.
W No. la Mercer street
WANTED-A YOUNG GIRL TO Assist WITH
W homework. No. a Grand street
WANTED~A GIRL TO COOK, VASE AND IRON.
W Apply No. &c Madison avenue.
YxTANTRD-A GIRL To DO looking AMI GEN
w eral kitchen work. NO - fairview avenue.
o hoUsEwoRB
w must be GOOD washer and ironer. No. -
York street.
yYANrED-FoR GENERAL HoUsEwoRK, / s
w small family, a girl with references. No. e
Crescent avenue
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1891-04-03
A Very Dangerous Counterfeit.

A sensation has been caused at the
Treasury Department by the discov-
cry of u counterfeit two-dollar silver
certificate so nearly perfect in all Its
parts rs to be almost impossible OF
detection. Heretofore all counter
feits of our paper currency have 'en
readily detected by the failure to iuni-
tate the distinctive character of the
paper Oh which government notes
are printed, which is so arranged
that each part OF it forming a com,
plete note contains small SILK thread
running through it lengthwise. This
paper is for the first time almost per-
fectly initiated in the counterfeitlng
the two-dollar silver certificate of the
series OF 1886. This note was design
ed under the supervision OF Treasurer
Jordan, and contains on its face a
vignette of General Hancock. 1t Is
estimated that there are millions OF
these notes in circulation. The de-
partment will suspend the printing OF
the two-dolar silver certificate and
substitute new series of the same
denomination. These will contain a
yignette of Secretary Window, and
will be issued as soon as the necessa
nv plates can be engraved. 1t will
take about two months to prepare
the plates, and in the meantime the
government will exert its utmost en-
deavors TO secure and destroy the
plates and other paraphernalia used
in the manufacture of the countefeit.
1t is probab that the entire issue OF
the silver certificates will have to be
called in.
Shepherdstown register. [volume] (Shepherdstown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1849-1955, 1891-04-03
The Grave of a Mastodon.

The New York Tribune publishes a
lengthy description from Washing
ton correspondent of visit to the
grave Of an alleged mastodon, near
Edom, Rockingham county, Va. The
story of the finding of this mastodon
was related to the 7ribunes cores
pondent by Mr.. Frank, its discoverer.
He intended to deepen small and
somewhat DOGGY depression lying
northeast of his house for the pur-
pose of constructing tish-pond.
Having plowed up the alluvial de-
post on top, layer of blue clay was
met with, and cutting away this
with picks, the remains of the crea-
ture were brought to light. They lay
scattered over an area OF about tif-
teen feet by seven or eight, and were
situated at the base of an outcrop-
ping ridge of argillaceous limestone
with an apparently vertical dip. AT
first the massive bones were not rec
ognized as belonging to an animal.
He said, in fact, that he did not know
what they were, and thought little
about them. The subsequent I'M
earthing of a portion of one tusk and
some teeth revealed their true char
acter, but all those parts which had
been removed were heaped upon the
side of the excavation and left there.
There they remained until the at
tention of DIR. NJ. s. Zirkle was at
tracted to them by rumors of some
remarkable and mysterious objects of
which had been dug up in his neigh
borhood. 1t is to this gentleman that
the National Museum will be indebt-
ed for the specimen when it comes to
be mounted, and it was by his care
that all those parts by which it was
identified were preserved.