davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1891-02-08
TALKS FOR BOYS.
V.
By Colonel Thomas v. Knox.

Who that uses an umbrella as protection
against the rain ever pauses to think that it
is not 50 very long ago when the use of this
article was considered sign of effeminacy?
The first man TO venture to walk in the rain
In London with an umbrella to shelter him
was Jonas Hanway, who was born in 1872.
He was merchant who had lived 10 Persia
and other parts of the East, and being in
poor health ON his return home (about 1870
or 1879, he ventured 10 use the umbrella
IN the way described. He brought
one from the East, where it is used
as screen against the sun, and has
been so used since very ancient times
1t figures In the sculptures of Egypt and
Nineveh. where it seems to have been
monopolized by royalty, and in most of the
Oriental countries 1t was not allowed to
the common people until more recent
times. When Jonas Hanway appeared
on the streets of LoRdon with an nm
brella over his headl he was hooted by
men and boys, pelted with mud and in other
ways made to feel that his action was un-
popular. But he persisted. others adopted
the umbrella, and IN time the prejudice
against 1t disappeared TO the extent that its
users were comparatively safe from open in
suits. That was about century and half
ago, but the prejudice against the umbrella
as mark OF efftminacv continued to within
the last fifty years. Now it is mark of
poverty IN Enstanu, ana IN other count tries,
too, to be without an umbrella, and the in
dustry of manufacturing this very necessary
article has grown to enormous proportions.
The original use Of the article is shown in
its name, umbrella" being derived from
the Latin "unbra," which means shade.
The French are now exact in their nOmen-
claturr, as their word Tor umbrella is para
pluie," which may be rendered ''pi oteetor
against rain; the French word 'parasol,"
against the sum-" we have adopted, and it
is a pity that the name of the umbrella does
not indicate the purpose for which it was
cnnstrncteh
The morning call., 1891-02-08
THE BEAUTIFUL
ABALONE SHELLS.
They Are Found Oh the California Coast
From Monterey South.
The Peeuiisrities of Yhis Shell Fish-How It
Clings to the Roeks-Fishermen' Diff
culties-Caught in Trap.
written for THE SUNDAY CALL

VI all the beautiful natural wealth for
mn'cn california is noted, not the least re-
nialkable Is the profusion of lovely shells
which iine Its Sea-coast Nowhere in Amer
io"' p"Itlhg The extreme southern parts, are
sucii abundant and beautiful specimens
Iounu aS along our shores; they resent BILE
"uu soAletlmes almost equal the Levantine
PRODUCTIONS. Tourists visiting our Coast
anu lingering by the sea-shore, apparently
appreciate this feature by their enthusiastic
Seaich along the beaches, eagerly examining
ail tue little hooks and crannes for specl-
mems OF these coverings which have former
~ sheltered some of the seas little people,
LOT every one of these tiny little curiosities
WHICH the waves have borne to the shore, as
WEI, wei as the larger Shells, have clothed some
little living body.
;.i ne smell Is constituent part of the fish
l nsIi, covering it like thin, transparent
o ait at Inc Tune OF its birth, almost imper-
.Sp, III ana growing thicker and harder
% 81, NC hsh develops. An idea that the
holluaK builds its own shell, which is COM
n,unly prevalent, is a fallacy. The shell
sI 1s tie hsh as garment, shelter and
aiso weapon. Although having great
p ~ vin over the shell, opening and closing
az VIII, yet the moliusk cannot detach itself
from from us nome; ii is firmly bound TO its pro-
lection lection throughout life. Sometimes small
pfalVes are found pierced through with
smooth round hole. This is the work of
some hungry gasteropod, which with its
iaasp-hhe tongue files neat round opening
through the tightly-drawn shell, and then
proceeds to leIsurely feast upon the con-
lsniS' other greedy enemies crush the
sM sue 70 reach the coveted morse Nearly
an iish are predaeeous, and the puoT mOllusk
10 Tie most FREQUENT source OF prey.
The morning call., 1891-02-08
STANLEY AS A PIRATE.
One View of the Emin Relief Expeditio
The Fathers Ambition.

One View of the Emin Relief Expedition
Into Africa.
The Emin relief expedition was in all re-
spects private enterprise. There was not
a shadow of authority IN the hands of any
one connected with it to raise troops, to in
flict capital or other corporal punishment
on persons in Its service, to make war on
foreign soil, to levy supplies by force. or TO
purchase, hold or employ slaves. Yet all
these things were done by Stanley or by
some of his subordinates, writes E. L. Good
kind in Forum for the current month.
There can be no question, if we can judge
from MIR. Stanley'S account of Emin and his
men, that had even half of what he found
out about them been known in London
three months, or even two months, before
he started, the "Emin Relief Committee"
would never have been organized, and Emin
and his ragamuffin army would have been
left to get out of their scrape as best they
could. What prevented proper preliminary
inquiry was undoubtedly the Gordon legend,
which surrounded with an heroic halo every
European shut up in the Soudan or the
iilegality of the enterprise under the mu-
nicipal law of England there can be little
question.
Many people in England are, 10 short,
asking to-day whether the Emin expedition
was not, strictly speaking, ia the eye of
public municipal law, piratical expedition.
That this question should not have been
asked sooner seems To be due to the pecu-
liar view of Central Africa which the more
The morning call., 1891-02-08
Bribery in Russia.

The cable tells us that the Car of Russia
recently ordered the arrest of banker, who
had called on the Minister of the Interior TO
request a suspension of the edicts against
the Jews, and in the course of his visit pre-
Sented to the Minister a check Tor 1,000. 600
rubes about 5000, 900. The banker was
released when it was shown that he had
been instructed by clearinghouse In Ber-
lin 10 make the payment in questinn, and
the money was given to the poor. mat 1t
was intended as a bride there can hardly be
a question, aud the Minister acted contrary
to the supposed custom of a Russian official
III declining the gift. Bribery is we'll nigh
universal in Russian official circles, and it is
defended on the ground that an officers
legitimate pay is so small that he is obliged
to increase his income by any means in his
power. a method long in vogue of offering
a bride in delicate way was TO cali upon
an official, and while stating ones business,
invite him TO take a cigarette. For that
purpose the visitor preferred his cigarette
case, in which was a rolls Of bills, along
with several cigarettes. The official turned
TO a cigarette, aud generally to the money
then lie closed the Case and returned it to
the owner. who dropped it into his pocket
without looking at it, and thu business went
on. 1t was a matter of etiquette for the
visitor 10 look the other way or out of the
window, when he offered the case to the
official, so that lie should not see the alb
straction of the money. The banker in
question seems to have erred IN Offer
ing check payable to the order of the
Minister of tue Interior; checks can be
traced, and no self-resDecting man wishes
tn accept one in the way OF bribe. If
there had been a million rubles in money,
1t is doubtful If we would have heard of the
affair, and the banker would have escaped
arrest,
The morning call., 1891-02-08
Twenty Years Later.

civilized communities have taken, time out
OF memory. No other portion of the globe,
no matter how barbarous, seems to have
been denied in the same degree the benefits
OF the law of nature and of nations"
under which the rest of the world began at
a very early period to take shelter. 1t has
long been set apart as the hunting ground
LOT slave-dealers, both by sea and land. The
notion of the Arab slave dealers that
negroes are species Of feTe nature, to be
captured like elephants or other large game,
has found ready acce ptance for centuries
from nearly all the Christian States; and
the slave trade rose, under its influence,
into an, important branch of commerce.
Although the slave trade has long been
abolished and Is now looked on with horror,
the view of the negro on which it was
based has not died out; for there is I'M
doubleday to-day widely dlffused feeling
That clvllized men dealing with African
negroes in Africa are not bound by the re-
straints OF law or of morality which custom
or legislation has prescribed for the protec-
ton OF other unciyiized tribes or commu-
pitipe
The morning call., 1891-02-08
THE CHRISTENING
OF A PRINCE.
An Impressive Ceremony in Emperor
williams Berlin Palace.
First Royal Christening in Berlin - Baby's
Gown and Cushion How the Court Ladies
Were Dressed for the Occasion.
Special to THE SUNDAY CALL

BERLIN. Jan. 25.-The desire of Emperor
William to be the father of "six little SOL
diers" was fulfilled on the 18th of December,
when another son was born in the royal
household. A popular song. entitled "Hur-
ral, the Sixth Boy Has Come" is now in
everybody's mouth. The christening, on the
25th of January, was the first ceremony of
the kind ever celebrated in the royal castle
at Berlin. For the last century all the chill
dren Of the house of Hohenzollern have been
born in Potsdam and christened there.
Before the ceremony took place large
company assembled in the reception-room
OF the castle. where the Empress awaited
her guests. The youngster was brought in
on splendid cushion of silver and white
hrocade by the Countess Brokdorf. Ober-
hofmeisterin. The little fellow was attired
in the christening robe which has served Tor
The morning call., 1891-02-08
Through the weary Hours

OF many night, made doubiy long by Its protracted
agony, the rheumatic sufferer losses and fro on
his sieepless couch, yaialy praying for that rest
which only comes by fits and starts. His malady is
one which ordinary medicines often fail to re-
eye, but there is ample eyden to prove that the
efficient blood depurent, Hostetter's Stomach Bit
tiers, affords the rheumatic reliable of
lief. Check the malady In Its lncipient stages when
the first prcmonitory twinges come on. with this
agreeable medicine. and avoid years OF torture.
Whatever be the rationale of the active influence
evidence relating to its effect Is more direct and
positive than that which relates to its action In
cases of rheumatism. Like all sterling remedies,
however it deserves protracted, systematic trial,
ana should not be abandoned because not at once
remedial 1t is equally efcacious In dyspepsia, In
digestion and kindred diseases.
The morning call., 1891-02-08
La Mort Aux Rats.

Jeunesse des Mousguetaires. and towaTd
the end Of the piece, in the scene where she
was in the act of raising TO her lips the cup
into which Milady had just poured the poi
son, voice from the gallery suddenly ex-
claimed:
''Don't drink it. Madame, e'est de la mort
aux rats! saw that horrible woman put 1t
in"
This naiyete," as might be expected,
set the whole house in a roar; the horrible
woman-Mme. Person-literally shook with
suppressed merriment while poor Nine.
Rey, hiding her face in her handkerchief to
conceal her laughter, was for some minutes
unable to recover herself sufficiently to
drain the fatal draught and prepare to
breathe her last IN the arms of D'Artagnan.
ALI the Year Round.
The morning call., 1891-02-08
Origin of ReroIutions.

The South American revolutions had their
origin in very curions way. THY began
in consequence of the intense loyalty of the
people of South America toward the Spanish
throne, and not, as Is generally supposed,
in consequence OF desire for Independence.
When in 1895 the armies of Napoleon Bona
parte were oveTTunning Spain the King OF
that country, Ferdiuand VII, was mpell-d
to abdcate the throne and flee Tor safety
Napoleon proclaimed his brother, Jerome
Bonaparte, King Of Spain ana the Indies;
The new King Immediately dispatched
agents to the colonies in America to an
naunce the new government, and declare
officially the abdicati0n of Ferdinand. The
BonaparteS were shrewd judges OF human
nature, and Joseph instructed his agents
to promise 10 the ViesroyS and Captains
General that they should relain their
places, provided they accepted the new
order of things and induced the people
to do the same. The officials were
quite ready on these conditions to accept
the situation, but the people were so loyal
TO Ferdinand VII that they thought differ
entity. They burned the proclamations of
King Joseph insulted his agents and every
Frenchman whom they could find. and In
some instances compelled the Vieeroys to
flee for safety. So furious we're the people
of Caracas that the captain of the French
brig that brought the news to La Guay.a,
the port OF that city, barely escaped with
his life, and the people surrounded the
vieeregal palace and demanded the procla-
nation of Ferdinand VII as their King.
He promised it for the next day, and il he
had not doae SO he would undoubtedly have
been handled very roughly by the mob
Similar scenes occurred elsewhere, and the
troubles once begun did not cease until the
| independence of all the Spanish colonies
was secured. The war may be said 10 have
| begun at Caracas in 1903 and ended with
| the defeat of the Spaniards ut Ayacucho in
| 1924.
1 eopyri5ht, ls9L
The morning call., 1891-02-08
Troubles In Chile,

The civil troubles in Chile, of which we are
getting unsatisfactory accounts by telegraph.
bid fair TO cause a serious loss of life before
they come to an end. A feature of the South
American revolution that is not generally
known is the vast amount of jealousy which
prevails among men whose acts are ostensi-
bly, patriotic, and jealousy which is often
carried to extremes. Not long ago | had oc-
eaSiou to make a careful study of the wars
that secured the independence of the Spanish
American countries in the early part of this
century. | found that nearly, every man
whose name was prominent in those strug-
giles for liberty had Deen more or less
hampered by thnse with whom he was asso-
clated. In several instances aSSassinatioDS
occurred in consequence of personal
jealousy, and every one Of those whose
names are now revered was under more or
less suspicion of having private ends in view
rather than the good of the people for
Liberat6r, after defeating the Spaniards
at Ayacucho and securing The Independence
of Peru, was so bitterly aSSaied that
he resigned his office of Dictator. After
ward, when he established the independence
of Bolivia. and had formed constitution
for the country. he was charged with having
designs against popular liberty, and the
charge was so generally believed that re-
belli0n against his government was TO
mented during his absence aud was success
full until his return. When he came back
and restored order, his enemies accused him
of having organized an instruction in order
to prove that a Dictator was necessary.
Down to his death he was distrusted by the
Republicans. L have in my possession a
small octave Life in Bolivar" which is
nothing but mass of the most bitter invee-
tive from title page TO fms. 1t might easily
be the life of candidate for the Presidency
of the United States issued by the National
Committee of the opposing party. Admiral
Cochrane, a distinguished British sailor,
who gave his service to Chile during its war
for Independence. was so hindered and
hampefrd through official Jealousy that he
eventually resigned in disgust; and similar
treatment WAS the lot of nearly every South
American patriot in the effort t. throw off
the woke of Spain.
The morning call., 1891-02-08
A Beloved Rishop.

Bishop Patteson was well known through
out the islands and greatly beloved by the
natives who knew him. His mission ship
the Southern Cross, in which he went about
the islands, waS painted white and the ma
tlyeS were familiar with her appearance.
About the time he was expected TO make
has rounds the Slave-stealers came with a
white schooner and anchored near an ISL
and. Then man, dressed in black, wear
ing white neck-tie and having prayer
book under his arm, went ashore aud told
the natives that the good Bishop was on
ooard, out mad broken leg ard was there
lore unable to come on land to see his friends
lie wished them TO come on board before h..
sailed back to Sydney to find a doctor,
and he would like few vans and some
1rult; VI course the natives wanted to
see the beloved Bishop. and they went To
the schooner with all the fruit and vans
their canoes could carry. They were ad-
mitted to the cabin, two or three at a
time; at the foot of the cabin-stairs they
were seized by half a dozen SailarS, who
threatened to kill them if they made TIN.
least noise. They were bound hand and
foot, and passed along into the hold, frum
which door had been cut into the cabin.
When sufficient number were secured the
canoes at the side of the vessel We're smashed
ana the schooner sailed away to her market.
This WAS done in several instances, q in
consequence of an outrage OF TINS sort
Bishop Patteson was killed by the natives
OIL one OF the Islands (Nukapa). A labor
vessel had been there a short time before
and kidnapped about fifty men, and when
the Bishop arrived and landed he was i'm
mediately set uron and murdered by party
who did not know him personally. Ameri-
cans rs well as Englishmen were engaged
i'll this modern slave trade; the outrages at
tracted the attention of the British Govern
ment, and of late years it has been shorn OF
its most objectionable features. But in
spite of the watchfuiness of the officials the
natives are often the victim of ill-usage, and
the probabilities are that it was something
of this kind which led to the recent troubles
in the islands of the Caroline group.
The morning call., 1891-02-08
Sitting Bulls Pine.

George Common has in his possession q
relic which he prizes very highly. 1t is moth
ing less than pipe which Sitting Bull had
In his possession when killed 1t was sent
to Mr.. Common by an acquaintance who took
u from the dead chiefs body and youcbes
for its genuineness. The pie is quaint
looking affair, and will be placed in Gal
lagher Mara's window On Manchester
street.-Manclleste Uniun
The morning call., 1891-02-08

completed. the company proceeded to the
chapel of the palace. The newly nominated
court chaplain, Herr:Dryander, gave the adj
dress. which was highly eloquent and i'm
pressive. During the address tears Of JOY
and gratitude were seen. in the eyes of the
Emperor and Empress. After the christen-
ing the Empress approached the minister
and was churched according to custom with
her child in her arms. The five little Princes
The morning call., 1891-02-08
The Caroline IsIands.

News comes of trouble in the Caroline
Islands in which many white men, including
missionaries, have been murdered by the
natives AS yet the full details are wanting.
OF course. all the blame is laid upon tina
natives, aud it is net easy to get at their
side of the story. The probability IS that
the difficulty began with outrages committed
by white men; then came a collision OF
natives with the whites, and then the general
uprising in which the sayages did not make
distinctions between their friends, the mis-
sionaries, and the white men who had NAL
treated them. In the last two decades there
has been in the South Pacific Ocean a re-
newal of the principal features of the At
riean slave-traie As it existed century ago.
Men were bought, stolen, captured or kid
mapped to be carried away 10 labor on sugar
and cotton plantations in Queensland. Fiji
aud other British colonies. Ostensibly they
were only taken away at their own option
and for limited time. but the practical
workings OF the system were to make them
slaves for life or until their usefulness had
ceased British and other schooners went
among the islands ostensibly for trading pur-
poses. A schooner anchored near an Island
and the natives were induced to come on
board for the purposes of trade. They were
The morning call., 1891-02-08

all the royal christenings. 1t is made of
silver cloth embroidered with the family
arms and emblems in white. The train is
about two metres in length and is borne by
two ladies OF honor in court dress. The En-
press was attired in white peau de sole with
pearl ornaments. She has quite recov-
cred from her illness and has the rudy
glow Of perfect health. Many of the in
The morning call., 1891-02-08

inveigled into the cabin or down into the
hold. Suddenly the doors or matches were
closed upon them, the canoes at The side of
the vessel were smashed and the schooner
hoiSted anchor and sailed away The women
ana lnnrm men who were not wanted were
thrown overheard to swim ash0re-or to
drown. This practice was so common that
after time natives could not be induced to
venture on board trading vessel, and then
new TuSe was adopted
The morning call., 1891-02-08

The child is large and fair-haired. and
has the characteristic features of the Ho-
henzollern family. Emperor William is be-
coming more aud more devoted to the
church. Since the birth of this last child he
has lost no opportunity to acknowledge his
gratitude for the blessings that have been
vouchsafed to him and to his family during
the past year.
The morning call., 1891-02-08

court reverence. The company partook of
refreshments served from Bullets, while the
Emperor and his family sat down to supper
at table decorated with white flowers en-
blematic of the festivity. In a short toast
the Emperor proclaimed the health of the
little Prince, who by this time had been
conveyed to the nursery.
The morning call., 1891-02-08

were gathered about her. presenting sweet
and memorable picture. They all joined iii
the prayers.
AT the close of the ceremony their
Majesties repaired to the 'red rooms, "
where the Empress sat down beside the cot
in which the little Prince reposed, and re-
ceiyed the CONGRATULATIONS of her guests.
The Emperor stood beside his wife, while
the company passed before her, making the
The morning call., 1891-02-08

vited godfathers and godmOthers were I'M
able to attend the ceremony. but their per-
sonal representatives were present.
Some elegant gifts were brought to the
young Prince from the King of Italy and
the Queen of Holland. The venerable Won
Mollke was present by special request of
the Emperor and took great delight in the
function.
Preparations for the christening being