davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

In 1900 the Department of State removed to
Washington and took up its quarters at Penn
sylvania avenue and 21st street, and in May,
1902, President Jefferson appointed William
Thornton as clerk at 81 400 per year to have
charge of the issuing of patents. This William
Thornton was an interesting character, and es-
pecially to inventors and Washingtonians. An
excellent portrait of him hangs in the COM
missioner room in the patent Office. Thorn
ton had charge Of the patent affairs from 1902
to his death in 1923. He was an intimate
friend of Washington and was by him ap-
pointed one of the three commissioners to
survey and lay out the federal capital. Thorn
toms house at 1881 F street was one of the first
private residences to be erected in Washington.
He was an Englishman and was born on the
Island Of TOrtola, his uncle being Mt that time
president of the island. He first met Washing
ton at Philadelphia and became warm friend
Of the Father of His Country" and his home
on f street in Washington became a familiar
resort of Washington when he was President.
When he became keeper Of patents he took
great interest in the Office and he dictated its
action with n power that knew no master. The
duties of his position not being onerous he
conducted an extended correspondence upon
scientific subjects with the patent officials of
the old world and scien lists generally, which he
left as part OF the archives of the office when
interest in the advancement Of American
mechanics"
AN INCIDENT OF 1912.
story is told of him that during the war Of
1872. when the British captured the city of
Washington and destroyed the Capitol build
ing. a loaded cannon was trained upon the
patent Office for the purpose Of destroying it,
and he is said to have put himself before the
gun and in frenzy of excitement exclaimed:
Are you Englishmen or only Goths and van
dals? This is the patent office, a depository Of
the ingenuity and inventions of the American
nation, in which the whole civilized world is
interested. Would you destroy it? If SO fire
away and let the charge pass through my
body" The effect is said to have been magical
upon the soldiers and to have saved the patent
office from destruction.
In 1921 Thornton assumed the title of super
intendent and was so registered in the govern
ment blue book. but it was not until 1880 that
the law recognized the title by specifically
mentioning the Office
In 1910 Congress authorized the purchase Of
building for the post office and the keeper of
the patents. Into this building. where the post
Office now stands, Thornton moved the records,
&c, Of the patent Office.
In 1916 the personnel of the patent Office
consisted of superintendent. VIM. Thornton,
81 400; clerk, VIM. Elliott, $500, and messen-
ger, benjamin Fenwick, So.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
OUR PATENT SYSTEM.
How 1t Originated and Its Gradual Develop
ment and Growth.

AT FIRST THE CHIEF CLERK OF TIE STATE DE-
PARTMENT RECEIVED THE FEES AS PERQuIsITEs.
THEN A PATENT CLERK, A SUPERINTENDENT
AND FINALLY A COMMISSIONER
DARAGRAPH 8, SECTION 8, OF ARTICLE
L of the Constitution gives Congress the
power to promote the progress Of science and
useful arts by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to
their respective writings and discoveries. This
portion of the Constitution was obtained
through the efforts of James Madison and
Charles Pinckney, and was the start Of the pat
ent system. The first general law providing
for patents passed in 1890, and the first
patent issued was to Samuel Hopkins, July 81,
1870, for making pot and pearl ashes
Under this patent law the Office fees were paid
to the State Department clerks who made out
the patent. The fees amounted to $3.50 and 10
cents for every 100 words for fling the speci-
fcation. The chief clerk of the State Depart
ment issued the patent and received the fees as
part Of his salary. Under this law, which was
repealed in 1873. there was no patent Office and
not even division of patents. A new law was
passed in 1898 and several amendments made
thereafter. Tho issuing of patents, however,
still remained in the State Department.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
DIR. THOMAS JONES.

DR.. Thomas Jones, who succeeded Dr. Thorn
ton as superintendent of the patent Office, was
born in Hersfordshire county, England, in
1774. In 1926 he founded the famous Franklin
Journal at Philadelphia. On April IL, 1929 he
removed to Washington and took charge of the
patent Office under Henry Clay, Secretary of
State. This position he held until after the
organization of the patent office under the act
of July 4. 1886, at which time the Hon. n L.
Ellsworth was made commissioner at a salary
of $1,000 per anuum, and Charles NJ Keller
and DR.. Jones were appointed the next year
examiners at salary Of 81 500 per year. The
officials of the Office under Dr. Jones reign
were VIM. Elliott, clerk, at a salary of 81 900 a
year; Alexander McIntire, clerk, at $500. and
X. Fenwick, messenger, ut 800. Dr. Jones
resigned his position in 1888 at the age of
sixty-foCr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
immortality on the Stage.

The Union Square Theater in New York was
closed Thursday night and there was no per-
Torrance of the play on the boards,
''Thou Shalt Not" It will not, in all
probability. be played there again. Mayor
Grants objections to certain parts of
the play is said by the management to
be the cause of the closing of the engagement
The McHale bill. which prohibits the wear
ing of tights or the stage in Minnesota and
compelling the use of at least short skirt,
passed the senate Of the state legislature on
terday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

fetecuon Prize Essays.
MIR. Joseph Nimmo in having been appointed
by the American Protective Tariff League as
one Of the judges for awarding prizes for
essays by the senior members Of American col
leges upon the subject OF '"rhc Effects Of Pro-
lection Upon the Purchasing Power Of Wages
in the United States has taken the papers
with him TO Fortress Monroe, where he win
carefully pass upon their relative merits. The
essays will ncxt be sent to Hon. William No
kinlcy, who IL also one Of the judges.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
Chinese Immigration From Canada.

Chinese Immigration From Canada.
1t is understood that o request recently
reached the Canadian customs department
from Washington that steps be taken to pre-
vent the migration Of Chinese from Canada
to the United States. An Ottawa dispatch says
the department answered that it had no power
TO take action of the kind suggested. Once the
Celestials pay the poll tax they are at liberty to
come and go the same as any other people in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
MRS. MCKEE ACQUITTED.
A Former Society Belle of Atlanta, Ca, Who
Was Tried for Murder.

as IrIeu LOT Murder.
Mrs. Ora Mckee has been acquitted of the
charge of numbering Mrs. Wimpel. Mrs.
Mckee was formerly Miss Ora Bruce, for many
years a society belle of Atlanta Ga, and
still pretty woman. She was tried for the
murder Of Mrs. Wimpel, who was her next
door reighbcr. The two women were close
friends. Il said that Mrs. Mckee spent
money more lavishly than her husband could
afford Mrs. Mckee, not wishing to ask her
husband for money, induced Mrs. Wimpel to
borrow $500 from Mr.. Mckee and turn the
money over to Mrs. Mckee. Mrs. Wirapel took
Mrs. Mchee's notes fo- the money. When the
notes began falling due. in September last, tho
money was not Forthcoming. Mrs. Mckee sent
Mrs Mimpel some canned peaches, which mado
Mrs Wimpel sick. Mrs. Mckee, to restore her
sick friend, gave her some whisky, which made
her worse. Mrs. Mckee next gave her some
eggnog, and she died in few days. COW
which drank some slops into which part of the
eggnos was thrown also died
Mrs. Mckee admitted borrowing the money.
but she said she wanted sil0 of it for her
father IN flcrida. She said the sending of the
canned fruit was one of u series of customary
cCurtesies. She had bought poison to exter-
inmate cats that had eaten her chickens. but
emphItically denied that she gave any of it to
Mrs Wimpel Mrs. Mckee added that Mrs.
Wimpel had asked her to take charge Of a tin
box III which Mrs. Wimpel kept her papers and
TO turn 1t over 70 Mrs. Wimpel's son Charles in
case anything happened to Mrs. Wimpel In
compliance with the request Mrs. Mckee took
the tin box during Mrs. Wimpers illness. The
box contained the notes given by Mrs. Mckee.
ANNOUNCING THE VERDICT.
Scaborn Wright closed the defense about
noon ana Judge Maddox delivered his charge
10 the jury. The court house was crowded and
people swarmed in the yards outside listening.
rs the windows were open, TO the eloquent plea
and the charge. Tho latter was only plain
statement OF the law in the case. About3 o. clock
the Jury sent VOID to the judge that verdict
had been agreed upon. The news spread
rapidly and the crowd soon returned to the
court room. Mrs. Mckee was sent for. She
was very nervous and plainly showed her
anxiety. Judge Maddox warned the crowd
against making any demonstration and then
the verdict mot guilty" was announced.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
AUDpEN,
THE FURNITURE DEALER
apS1m $50 and eS2 tn 1t. nv.
RIDDEN,

NV G1seHAxs.
NEW oRaANpIEs.
NEW BATIsTz.
NEW cHALLIs.
NEW INDIA SILKS
NEW sERGEs.
NEW PLAIDs
NEW sTRIpEs
NEW cAPEs.
NEW PARAsoLa
NEW ROBES.
NEW sATINEsL
BEAUTIFUL LINE OF
DRY GOODS.
CHOICE STYLES.
AND AN ABUNDANCE OF
DESIGNS
TO SELECT FROM.
ONE PRICE.
wM sHUsTER 4 SONS.
sp4 0ls PENNSYLVANIA AVE NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
l Guns FRS.

When I say cure do not mean merely 10 stop them
Tor time and then have them return again. mean
RADICAL cure have made the disease Of FITS, Ell
LEPSf or FALLING SICKNESS q lifelong study. I
warrant my remedy to the worst cases Because
Others have failed no reason for not now receyinx
cure Send at once tor treatise and Frce Bottle Of
my infalnbls remedy. Give Express and Post Once.
s1z-san L. O. nohI; n,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

cyclone passed over Nevada, Mo-, wednes-
oay night, tearing down three dwelling houses
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

Hon. John Ruggles for locomotive engines on
inclined plains.
Henry L. Ellsworth was appointed the first
commissioner under this law and Charles NJ.
Keller examining clerk. and thereupon the pres
ent system Of examinations began.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

In 1886 new law was passed which was
return to the American system. This law es-
tablished the patent office as bureau under the
Department of State. and put it in charge of q
chief officer to be called the commissioner of
patents. at salary of 50, 900 per annum, his
duty being, under the direction Of the Secre-
patents. The law further provided for chief
clerk, IAN examining clerk" at 81, 800; two
other clerks, one Of them to be a competent
draughtsman; ono other clerk; machinist and
messenger. 1t provided also seal for the
office, and required that the patent should issue
under that seal, and be signed by the Secretary
Of State and counsersigned by the commits
sioner.
The first patent issued under this law was to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

TIE DIFFICULTY BOTH THESE COMMANDS EXPERT
ENcE IN SECURING GOOD HoRsKs-rHE
LIVERY MOUNT NOT ALWAYS A sUCcEss-nIFLH
PRACTICE scHEDuIE-NoTKs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
just Like One of the Force.

been Goingf''
Otjesr OGrog-"Impersonatin an officer
sor Win found him sittin dhrunk on a
beer kSg no said he mad just stopped there q
minute 10 tie his shoe strings"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

Louisville
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
3a17-s26e
DRrvr Or

DRrvx Our
An impurities Of the BLOOD. Str mp the
liver. build mp the system. regulate the bowels
and put the kidnsysin . healthy condition With
WILLIAMS sARsAPARILLA.
II h guaranteed TO cure Al Blood and sldn Dis
seses. RHEUMATIsM, Rheumatic psins and
make . Healthy Constitution OF the mousy vii
b ehosrfuly refunded.
100 DOSES. 50 CENTA
T.a WILLIAMS co.,
DruEsists. und9 Masonic TsmvaA
mlZ-m.w.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

Lieut.. Pesry VIII Seek an Overland Route
to the Pole.

TIE GENERAL Plan OF HIS PROPOSED GRrEy-
LAND ExPEDITIoS-A COMPARATIVELY mex
FESsrvE TRIP-A PAKrY OF SIX TO GO As FAR
NORTH AS POSSIBLE ON sLEDGEs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
ANNOUNCING TIE VERDICT.

The oyerseers Of Harvard College voted
against shortening the course in that institu-
ton
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

Rupprxs REMOVAL SAFE
MAKES DROP IN FURNITURE
FOB TEN yKARs
We have carried the finest stock Of Housshod rurn,
turs to b found In this city.
FOR TEN YEARS.
A our patrons know. we have cold Furniture lower
than any other houss in Washington.
FOR TEN YEARS
Our money saving and satisfaction Swing credit IN,
tenn has enabled housekeepers to furnish their home.
more cheaply and comfortably on credit than other.
have done for cash.
But FOR THE NEXT THIRTY DAYS
We shall offer our entire stock Of handsome service
able and ssssonable Furniture such ss Refrrer.sors
Baby Carriages. Mating &c. ct figures that VIII sur
pass in chsapnes. for cash or on credit - cheap Is
for cash. all former orsn
II you don't want furniture now you win scrne day,
and this ofsr win never occur asain. % buy nov.
RUDpEN,
THE FURNITURE DEALER
sps-1m $50 and eS2 tn 1t. nv.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
,HEsAPEAKE AND ONO RAiIwAY-

Schedule In offect April l. iSai.
- - Leave mon liutsft. ttE and sfr~~fs
ioos q IN. for Ne~iort News old SO nj Comfort ana
Norfolk daily. Arrive Old Ionf AZ d al r mi,
and Norfolk ~ GsiS pm. Pullman Pufet parles
n Cars C Old fotn; Comfort daily exoeIf SUNDAY.
PM. Cincinnati fxpness daily Tor stations m Viz
ginia, West NirE1nia ksntu ny and Cinrinnan
Nesnhnie SleefTrs and entire trsin run thruu.sh
- without change to Cincinnati, ArrNtnr NJ ~ m
ll-Iu ni, r. n V. Ne-fihule Limited dnily. Slid
tfaiiis. with dning cars. tbruagh without
chance 20 Cincinnati. Nestibule Slselnsr for Isx-
mEton, LOUISVILLE, and through SieeI.-r 20 Rich
q pm.
ONE. 5l3 Pennsy lyania avenue
n. ". FULLER
hnl ksars-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
NOTrH.

Lieut.. Constantine Chase, third United States
artillery, had an appreciative audience last
Monday evening when he delivered his lecture
on attack and defense. The valuable facts &C
cumulated by the lecturer were related in an
admirably popular manner and the lessons
taught will not soon be forgotten.
Company D, first battalion washington
Light Infantry Corps, proposes to make things
pleasant for the Worcester Light Infantry when
that organization visits the city. On the even-
ing OF the 22d instant there will be full dress
reception at the Light Infantry Armory, the
proceedings to be varied by an exhibition drill
Capt. John Miller and his command are earn
estly at work to make the affair thorough
success.
Through an easily made error in the second
regiment rifle practice report for March, pub
was ranked as eighth from the top. The prop
eriy amended figures put company in sixth
place, which is a good deal better than eighth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
4 baltimore 4 QUO RAILROAD.
~ SChe,lule in effect Mart.h IA 1871

kALIlMokE oHto RAILROAD.
~ Scheiule IN effect March ~. iSnl
Leave Washington from station Of New y.r~~y
avenue and street.
Tor Chicsgo and Northwest. NeSt.huled limited ar
p = aAily, ~ 70 a m. enI'ress > % m.
AT, hSr IN inns - lus and Indianapolis. e,Tre-s
TT ft,slnrs ana Cleveland. errress daily. n 20
Ior Lexington and point. in the Shenandoah ysIl.y.
tor Winchester End way s;siious. Is .3Opm.
ESQ 600. 4,-ia.nui.si 10 81 q rlOSp m ~ ~, ~
l&No noon, 4s-mnutes) - lO. . IS > 80 q III a.
DO l.. go H. ~ so1 e S5 10 4sp N
m. sundays. Z o.. go al s:O So, ~ "
an. $50, NOON. s5-lnnutee, 90 : g. 30 -.
Ii "a, ~ - 40, -Sninutes) o.lS. gu, ~. 90
for Annapolis. 6:35 and 8 20. m, 1910 and Z. o,
p m. ,suadays. ; ~ a, IN. - L. m.
h9r a-sTsi9Nn, 40 40 a. m. aud - 40 a ul
hoAAL BLUE LINE foR MIN YORK AND
T. A. PhILApELPHiA.
C to0oi am, Dining Carr, 10 90 moon. Ia
N5.lo. Dining Carr, aud 10 10 q IA, Kuae, P.ris.r
ar on al Gay trains Steering Car the 10 80
For boston, $50 y. M. with Pullman Rutr., sl..n-
inE Car running through 20 Bo-ton without chan..e
Ia W ,a,slsie brldse. landing passsnsers IN
For fhi.sdephie. = o.. Is 90. 1000 an, IL 90
noon, ,s.S. >: TO- u; IS ana 10 30 y m - w
- O1 am. 'l2.ap noon, :. 30 :, nj Il ~
~ 80 .. ~ Liniited express sioppins at Niluins,-
For Atlantic CITY, a5 and 10 90 m. oo oo,n
sundays, $40 u. M. II. tD noon '
for time % suburban trains time tables 20 be had
ftHcept SUNDAY. DAILY. gSundayotly
basgae ca cd for and checked frum ho-.s md red
"a ~ mon Transfer Go. orders ticket
4 ODELi- CHAs. .. SCT'II.
H-H,SO wen. Manaeer. Gen. ass. Asont.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11

you don't want furniture now you win scne day
and this onsr wiz never occur asain. % buy nov.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11


Capt. Smith of Cleveland said he was IN
finching in his loyalty to the Mccarthy party.
and he considered, after hearing every side Of
the question. that the only step toward harmony
was In the sense expressed In the report.
Suggestions were made, propositions dis
cussed and objections made to any names being
mentioned lest the people Of the country might
be led to believe that one faction in Ireland or
the other was being Endorsed. Out CT the whole
arose the unanimous sentiment that there was
no Intention to acknowledge either side.
Finally three amendments were made to the
resolutions without opposition, the first to the
end OF the second section, "and to this end the
president at once put himself in communion
ton with the proper parties in Ireland" This
clause includes recognition alike of the Par
neiiites and McCarthyites by the league in the
arbitration question. The two other amend
ments were made to the third section and one
explanatory OF the request that Mr. Parnell at
tend the convention in baltimore, showing that
his presence ls asked because he il the presi-
dent OF the Irish National League and on that
ground alone, the other inviting all Irish MEM
Ders OF parliament, irrespective Of party afflia-
ton, to also attend that convention.
When the amended report was put to the
vote OF acceptance 1t was carried viva voce.
Mr.. Burns OF indianapolis alone voting in the
negative. He explained that personally he was
IN favor OF Mr.. Parnelrs leadership, but that
nc was opposed to the use of any names in the
resolutions, and SO were the branches of he
league he represented. They instructed him
he did.
The meeting adjourned subject to the cali Of
prooidapt Fitz0erald
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
OTHER REMARKS.

Mr.. OBrien Atkinson, a member of the COM
mittee on resolutions, urged their adoption and
stated that they embodied the ideas Of all the
members. The suggestion for arbitration had
been placed In them in Difference to the wishes
OF those who desired to adopt that plan of Sc
curing harmony. Since the committee had ac-
cepted that section western delegate mad sug-
gested the name Of Cardinal Gibbons as arbi-
traitor.
NJ: V. Cannon also spoke in behalf of the res
olutions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
CASH Or CREDIT.
READ THESE PRIoEA

READ THESE PRIoKA
Fora OAK Ant,que-nnished Bed Room Suites. 3pisoss
ioIe17 cash. or els on credit
.-piecs Tarlor Suites. solid walnut frsmes. uphol.
ttered In plush hxircloth for 90 or
credit.
Good wovFS.wIRE BED SPRINGS sor e. 2,
cash or g. so on credit
BRUSSELS CARPET. coo. cash or CSC. on credit
Good INGRAM CARPET. 35c. cash or 1oc. on cred.
@ssew and lay all CARPETS Tree Of cost and don't
charge for the waste In matching nsursa
Cur terms the easiest Of any house IN n. r.,v.
only small payment ct time OF purchase and the bal
Sncein EASY WEEKLY or MONTHLY PAYMENTS.
No notes required and per cant discount allowed
on al accounts settled in thirty daya
eRooAN's
Q q = pit HousR
sl1ou 40 and IA m e nv
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-04-11
RuDprws REMOVAL SALE
MAKES DROP IN FURNITURE.
FOB TEN WARS

We have carried the finest stock Of Housshod rurn,-
turs 10 b found In this city,
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1891-07-17
The Green Cloth in Church.

The church naturally took more or
less of the local color in early times,
says the Butte City Miner. and the
anomaly of professional gambler as a
leading church member might easily
occur. A story goes that there were
several of these men who were pretty
regular attendants at church in Last
Chance gulch. As United States
money was scarce and gold dust was
the ordinary medium of exchange. it
sometimes happened that the knights
of the green baize had no money with
them when the plate went around On
such occasions they would toss faro
or poker chip into the dish, and the
deacon would go the next day and have
the dust weighed out in payment II
was not uncommon for amounts to
range from ten dollars TO twenty
dollars. 1t is said the knights are not
SO reckless in these days, and that they
are rarely seen at church Their tribe
is not extinct, bu1business WITH them is
far from brisa.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1891-07-17
CrocodIIes and Birds.

l have watched upon many occasions
the stealthy advance of crocodile to
capture small birds, when in flights of
many thousands they haye settled upon
yielding branches of dwarf willows.
writes Sir Samuel Baker, in wild
Beasts and Their Ways" The elastic
boughs bent down beneath the weight
of the innumerable flock, and the croc-
odile's head appeared above the surface
at distance, sank below, and quickly
reappeared (the eyes and crown alone
above water) within ten yards of the
unsuspecting birds, all of whom were
busily engaged in twittering excite
ment, quarreling for places, and occa-
sionally dipping their beal,s in the wa
ter when the bending twigs permitted
them TO drink. In few moments after
the disappearance of the wary eyes a
tremendous splash was accompanied by
pair of open jaws which swept the
occupants of the lower branches into the
greedy throat.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1891-07-17
OCEAN CABLES.

Cost and Extent of the Su5Eiariae Tele-
graph system of the World.
According to the latest report of the
international bureau of telegraph ad
ministrations, the submarine telegraph
system of the world consists of i20.o70
nautical miles of cable Government
administrations, says Scribner. own H.
324 miles, while l01. $40 are the proper
ty of private companies The total cost
of these cables is in the vicinity of
$780, ,0OO, 900 The largest owner of sub
marine cables is the Eastern Telegraph
Company, whose system covers the
ground from England to India. and
comprises 21,s60 miles of cable The
eastern extension, which exploits the
far east, has i2,95S miles more Early
in that year the system of West African
cables, which started from Cadiz only
six years AGO, was completed to Cape
Town, so that the dark continent is now
completely encirclcd by submar inc tel
egraph, touching at numerous points
along the coast. More than IL, 900 miles
of cables have been required to do this,
and several companies. with more or
less aid from the British, French, Span
ish and Portuguese governments. have
participated in carrying out the work.
The north Atlantic is spanned by no
less than eleven cables, all laid since
1870, though not all are working at the
present time; five companies are en-
gagged in forwarding kilograms between
North America and Europe, and the to
tai length of the cables owned by them
including coast connections, is over So
600 nautical miles