Fort Worth gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1891-1898, 1891-11-23

derivatives, paraffine and oils of various
grades. These oils vary in quality from
one especially adapted for the manufacture
OF gas for lighting purposes, through heavy
and light oils TO a solar Oil about equivalent
to our best refined petroleum. While the
introduction of American and Russian
petroleum into Germany has in some meas
ure checked the working of the Scheeleries
for oil purposes, the demand for parafane
is so great as to keep the factories still al
full work. This industry, as shown by the
statistics given, is one of great importance
TO these districts of Germany amour ting
as it does to over S4,000,000 annually, and
giving employment to several thousand
men.
The records of the German Browncoal
association show that in the year 1890 the
amount of browncoal used by the compan-
les belonging to the association for the
manufacture of tar and paraffine was over
twenty million hectolietrS. and the value of
the product II, 10000 marks ga, 2SO. O0O).
The coke made from the Schweelcoal by
this process is called 'tgrude coke ~ and ex-
perience has proved 1t to be such an excel
lent fuel for household purposes that the
demand is in excess Of the supply 1t is
used in stoves of special construction for
cooking and heating. 1t is of too fine a
grain and not compact enough to be of any
use in smelling iron.
The earthly browncoal is used ''raw :" or as
it is mined, for household, manufacturing
or steam purposes. and is also manufactured
into -preSs-stein and briquettes
Nass-press-stein, or coal bricks. are n ade
by mixing the browncOal with water until
ii is of a putty-like consistency, compress
ing by machinery similar to that used in
making pressed brick, and then drying
these brick in the air. While the amount
of this fuel is small in comparison with that
of briquettes made by the dry method, it is
nevertheless a useful and serviceable fuel
for household purposes.
Dry briquettes. made from this variety of
browncoal, are in great demand, and the
output is increasing yearly. The process
of manufacture consists of driving the
browncoal By one of the several methods
until the water contained in it is reduced to
a certain percentage and then COMPRISING
1t under pressure equal to that of 1900 to
20OO atmosphereS. The resulting Driquette
is of lozenge or elliptical shape, some six
inches in length and about one inch in thick
ness, very firm and durable The compress
sion is SO perfect that the briGuette will not
absorb water even If it be laid in it for some
time. The earthly browlcoal is preferred
for briquette making on account of the
ease with which it is pulverized.
In raw state browncoal Is also used for
burning bricks, stoneware and drain tile,
for which purposes it is preferred to any
OthsT fuel. Brick clays and fire clays are
often found in close proximity to the brown
coal, and the manufacture of bricks. fire
brick and tiles, at an extremely low price,
is thus rendered practicable, and great
number of mines have brick yards in con-
nectiOn with them, by means of which they
are enabled TO make use of all their coal,
even what would otherwise be refuse.
At one of the larger brick works on the
Rhine the experience of several years
Il h1t Grin Wit h Of
browncoal briquettes and raw browncoal
gave better results in actual work than
stonecoal. alone Stonecoal with briquetteS,
or stonecoal and raw browncoal. and At the
time of my visit works were just being
completed for briquerting their browncoal
for use in this manner.
In using this earthly brovncoal for such
firing purposes, or under steam boilers and
elsewhere, due attention S given to the ar
rangement of the tire-bOXes and CRATES to
suit the fuel If fiat CRATE is used the CRATE
bars are male very narrow and with small
intervals between each. The fayorite CRATE,
however, is called the ''treppen rost,n and
is CRATE arranged IN series of steps by
which the air gets proper access to the
browncoal without need of blast sufficient
to carry away the smaller particles un-
burned.
For household purposes stoves of suitable
construction for cooking and heating. using
raw browncoal or briquettes as fuel, are
fer sale everywhere in Germany. The
hriquettes are preferred for fuel on ac-
count of their cleanliness and freedom from
smoke in burning.
The comparative extent of the use of the
various fuels in the ordinary way may be
seen from the statistics of the fuel supply
of the city OF Berlin for the year 1880,
taken from the annual report of the koh
lenzeitung:
Stone coal coke, etc..............1,755,SS3 tons
Bohemian browncoal .............. 242.O27 tons
German browncoal briquettes.... 1854 tons
German browncoal..--.. 2l534 tons
Total browncoal. ............ s4I,235 tons
Or about 81 per cent of the entire fuel sup
ply
A great many tests have been made to de-
termine the ratio of fuel value of the Ger
man browncoal and stone coal. The re-
suits give the ratio between the Westphal-
ian coal and earthly browncoal and
briquetteS about the following relation in
amounts required to produce the same
amount of steam:
Westphalian German Brown Brio
Coal. coal. uetteS.
/. 2to2IS. II to ~.
The Bohemian browncoal contains less
moisture than the common browncoal of
Germany, and is therefore a better fuel in
put to every use-domestic, manufacturing
or metallurgical-for which stone coal is
used, except the smelling of iron ores and
production of pig iron. The locomotives,
which have very heavy work over the
mountain railways, use it exclusively.
Brick works, chemical works, glass
factories, friedrich and tile works,
potteries, cement factories and limekilns
are all run successfully and economically
with this browncoal as their only fuel. 1t
is used as fuel exclusively by the largest
iron and steel works of the country for the
processes of converting pig iron into
wrought iron and steel and for rolling this
into rails, bars, wire. sheet iron and all
similar products.
The use of this fuel in this manner was
made possible by close technical study of
its character and practical application of
the results TO manufacturing purposes. The
construction of the fire-boXes and CRATES is
,t, ,I,,, ha 70 itc