The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1891-01-18

or compelled to attend school :, 'uuSeu
Al the expiration of the four wears tho
government continued to make annronr;as
uohs LOT rafionlng the Sioux in part INT q
..se Perlloh OF their subsistence was oh
tanned from hunting. They were reneat-
edly reminded, however. that tbasap ra-
uons We're gratuity, could not be indefi-
nileiy continued and that the SUNNY Of
ouffaio would gradually diminish -
After the treaty of 1868 the lands reserved
,or hunting and the s'unceded territory,
became the source of much disquietude and
made little or no distinction hetvasr tha
unceded and the reserved lands. their
hunting. grounds in Nebraska were soon
occupied by white settlers who nro-
tested against the presence of Tn.
dams outside their reservation and
prospectors and others at will went into
sne unceaeo Big Horn country. Even as
early as une -, 1863, fourteen months after
the date of the treaty, General Sheridan
issued an official order saving that ssoyltsjde
the well-denned limits of the reservafion
they 1.-THE Indians) are under the original
and exclusive jurisdiction of the military
authority and as rule win be considered
In 1874 the appropriation for subsistence
OF the Siouxcontained clause authorizing
the withholding of supplies until the Indi-
ans should agree TO remain north of the
Nlohrara river and outside of Wyoming: a
similar provision was inserted in the an
preparation act for 1915, but referred only
to the Niobrara river.
BY the act of June %, 1874. congress ap-
proprlated $4,000 TO pay the Indians of
the Red Cloud and Spotted Tail agencies
for the REIMBURSEMENT of their right
10 hunt In Nebraska. The Indians
OF the other agencies along the
Missouri were tolerably well settled
down and had little practical interest in
the Nebraska hunting lands. delega-
non OF chiefs from the Red Cloud and
Spotted Tail agencies came to Wash
lngton IN May, 1875, and were induced
TO surrender their Nebraska hunting
privileges north of Niobrara, and also
to reiinquish such claim as they
possessed to that portion of Nebraska
south of the south divide of the Niobrara
river, which, by the treaty of 1868, ''should
be held and considered unceded Indian
territory, etc" This additional concession
was obtained by the promise that congress
would be asked to appropriate for the In
dams an additional $4,000 Congress
failed to make this appropriation, and the
Indians naturally felt as if they had been
cheated. Other "unceded territory" still
remained.
In 1874 gold was found in the Black Hills,
and in direct violation of the treaty Of 1868
that part of the Sioux reservation forth
with swarmed with white people. 4 COM
mission sent ont in June, 1875, TO obtain
cession of the Black Hills and of .'unceded
territory in Wyoming was unsuccessful.
In the appropriation act of August 10,
1876, however, congress provided that no
more appropriations should be made for
the Sioux unless they should consent: /.
To relinquish all claim to any country
outside of the reserve established by the
treaty of 1868. p To relinquish all claim
10 as much of their reserve as lay west of
the 103d degree of longitude. 3. To grant
right-of-way from east to west across their
reserve for at least three roads. 4. To re-
ceive supplies near the Missouri (this re-
ferred to the Pine Ridge and Rosebud In
dians, the other agencies being already on
the Missouri. 5. To enter into arrange
ments looking to self-support.
A commission of which Governor Many
penny was chairman and Bishop Whipple
leading member, visited the Sioux and
made negotiations with them covering all
the points named in the appropriation act.
By this agreement, dated August Is, 1876,
the Sioux coded not only all the country
lying outside the boundaries of the re-
serve, as defined by the treaty of 1868, but
also as much of the reserve itself as in
cluded the Black Hills, tract which has
been termed the garden spot of the res
ervation." The government agreed TO
furnish to them schools and instruc-
ton in mechanical and agricultural arts,
as provided for by the treaty of 1868. These
provisions of the treaty of 1868 had been
largely non-fulhlled. The government also
agreed ito provide the Indians with ra-
tion for each individual of pound and a
half of beef Cor in lieu thereof one-half
pound of bacon), one-half pound of Hour
and one-half pound of corn; and for every
100 rations four pounds of coffee, eight
pounds of sugar and three pounds OF
81 MI 10
equivalent thereof in the discretion of the
commissioner of Indian affairs. Such ra-
tions or SO much thereof as may be neces-
sary shall be continued until the Indians
are able to support themselves.
This fairly committed the government
to keeping the Sioux on their reservation
and supporting them there until they
could be brought by the government to
self-support.
These negotiations were consummated
during the progress of ''Sioux war" par
ticipated in by Sitting Bull and his
adherents who had never made any per-
manent settlement upon the Sioux reser-
walton, but had spent most of their. time
hunting in the ''unceded territory"
and its vicinity Complaints had been
made that his band had raided on both
whites and Indians, and December 8, 1870,
the Indian office notined the agents for
the Sioux that all Indians who did not re-
port at the agencies before January 81,
is7o, would be regarded hostile. The time
allowed was too short. Many of the Sioux
who were then in the unceded country
were entirely peaceable and were hunting
there with the express permission OF their
agents, but they could not reach their
agencies before the government opened
active hostilities. The order, and the
presence of troops camped at the agencies
for the purpose of carrying 1t out, so alarm
ed the Indians that many others left the
agencies and Joined the fortunes Of Sitting
Bull. The war, which included the custer
and Reno massacres, was long and dlsas-
trous TO both white people and Indians 1t
was not participated in by much the larger
proportion of the Sioux nation; but these
friendly Indians also suffered from 1t, es-
pecialy by the loss of their ponies, which
were taken from them under the order OF
the military as war measure, with the
distinct understanding that the value
thereof would be returned TO them III cat
tie In some instances the ponies were
sold at very low rates and only small
part of their value was returned to the In
dams in cattle. In other instances the
promise of reimbursement in cattle was
lnfulflled for thirteen years and had 10
be made part of the agreement concluded
with the Sioux last year
Much might be said about the delays
and discomforts attending the removal of
the Rosebud and Pine. then known as
Spotted Tail and Red Cloud Sioux, from
mace to place on their reservation until
their agencies were finally established at
their present locations. Under uncertain
ties of administration and failures or de-
laws in appropriations, the Indians suffered
much hardship and had many reasonable
grounds for irritation and for complaints
off Ia rfag