davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

tredericksburR railroad regarding FREIGHT
charges from the junction TO Richmond
ana occurred charter 60 build between
these two points and In 1851 or 1889 tho
name ot the Louisa road was Changed
70 the Virginia Central and the charter
extended from Richmond TO Covinxton.
in 1884 the road, With the exception of the
tunnel, was finished 20 Staunton, and until
10y the mountain was crossed by means OF
Temporary track, which, together with
It's ountain-climbers- locomotives con-
structed especially for overcoming the
heavy. grades and tortuous curves-was
regarded as great curiosity. In 1853 (ab-
soiute accuracy as 20 dates has not been
attempted in this sketch the road had
been put under contract as far as Clifton
rorge. 10 was completed to Jacksou's
River Depot in 1858, and whom the war
broke out was graded and ready for the
rails as far as Coyington.
DURING THE WAR,
During the war the Virginia Central. in
common with all the other railroads i'm the
State, was literally wrecked. Its rolling
stock and rails were worn 20 a fragile its
road-bed was the prey of RAIDERS: its
bridges were frequently only held together
by proyidential interposltion, and the
expedients resorted to by its engineers and
mechanics to keep 1t going were as ingeni-
GUS as they were numerous. Never was il
more forcibly proved that necessity is the
mother OF rnyention, the adage finding
illustration in everything from repairing a
superannuated locomotive TO improyisine a
spike. The makeshifts OF the war era in
all departments of the running-seryice
We're marvellous examples OF mechanical
audacity, and such as to make mechanical
engineers who are IN the habit OF calcu-
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

70 the Richmond aud Allegheny Railroad
Company and the work OF Building a rail
road along its line was commenced In the
June following and finished Ia October,
1881.
The first officers OF this road were Presi-
dent, Francis o. French: Vice President,
II. o. Persons; Secretary, T.. X. Leland /;
General Manager, Decatur Axtell: Irea-
surer, Sheppard Homans. The chief engi-
neer was X. II. Temple.
In 1898 the road went into the hands Of
receivers. was later turned over to pur-
chasers, and May 20. 1889. control Of il was
acquired by the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail-
way Company. This acquisition on the
part OF the Chesapeake and Ohio was rem
dered absolutely necessary by IT'S increasing
traffic from points west OF Clifton Forge.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23
lynchburg, Lynchburg, Va, so tons

Lynchburg. Lynchburg, Va, so tons a
day.
The furnaces now in process of erection
will be touched upon further on. The
amount of ore transported for the year
ending March 81, 1891, was $40 tons.
This, however does not include ore mined
at furnace stacks and hauled by furnace
lines, nor is it q fair basis upon which to
compare the ore being gotten out for the
reason that since March 3lst, many new
openings have been developed.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23
CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO SCENERY.
Over the Blue Ridge and tho Alleghanies-
NnW-RiRnr Canxons-Lamea River.

Over the Blue Ridge and tho Alleghanies--
New-River Csnyops-James River.
Chesapeake and Ohio scenery is a never
failing theme. Volumes have been written
upon 1t, and yet its beauties have never
been adequately described. The artist
who would transfer nature to canvas in
every variety of garb she wears will find
oil the inspiration necessary along this
road. From Newport News and Norfolk,
where the salt water washes us piers and
wharves and the white-winged messengers
of the sea come and go, to the turgid
that do not present some charming study.
AN IDEAL PANORAMA.
Leaving Newport News going west, his.
toric Williamsburg, with its quaint build.
ings and its Colonial lore, is scarcely left
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23
THE COAL MEASURES.
Growth of the Coal and Coke Industries
A Glance Into the Future.

Just as the Chesapeake and Ohio was the
pioneer in the work of establishing great
Virginia through line to the Ohio, it was
the pioneer in developing the West VIr-
ginia coal measures and popularizing their
product. Nor was the experience of the
road in this respect dissimilar from its
experience IN building. The task of intro
duciug West Virginia coal and getting the
people TO take hold of it was an uphill
business, and the development was lite
rally by piecemeals. At first large capital
lists would not embark in the venture. and
the company had to encourage opera
tors.
The first shipment of local coal on the
Chesapeake and Ohio from West Virginia
was in 1878, and the first shipment to
James river was in 1874, the deep-water
terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio then
being on the river below Rockets. 1t
was not, however, until the line reached
Newport News and had established its i'm
mense piers there that the coal traffic
began to assume large proportions, and
the company TO reap the reward of its en-
terprise and perseverance. From that
time to the present the coal tonnage has
increased enormously. II was this increase
in great degree that compelled the Chesa-
peake and Ohio to secure control OF the
Richmond and Allegheny railroad (now
IQ0 JdutS-IllNtT ulNlSAOLIf uuQ nhAOh iNi-
ders the double-traehng of the system
only question of short time.
Some idea of the coal interest of the road
may be formed from the following tables; i;
MINES AND LOCATION ON LINE.
Nec-RiUer District.
Quinnimont Coal and Iron Company,
Quinnimont, w. Va.
McKendree Coal and Coke Company, Nc
Kendree, w. Va.
Sterling Coal and Coke Company, Clare
Alaska Coal and Coke Company, Alaska,
'Beechwood Coal and Coke Company,
Beechwood, w. Va.
Beury Coal and Coke Company, Stone
Cliff, w. Va.
Dimmock Coal and Coke Company,
Thurmond, w. Va.
Thurmond Coal Company, Thurmond,
w. Va.
William Beury Cooper Company, Echo,
| w. Va.
Central Coal Company. Central, W. Va.
Fire-Creek Coal and Coke Company, Fire
Creek, w. Va.
New-River Coke Company, Caperton, w.
Va.
William Beury Cooper Company, Caper-
Longdale Iron Company. Sewell. W. Va.
Nuttalburg Coal aud Coke Company,
Keeney's Creek, w. Va.
Nuttalburg Coal and Coke Company,
NuttalI. w. Va.
faystte Coal and Coke Company, Fay
| cite. w. Va.
W. A. Burke Coal Company. Elmo, W.
| Va.
| Gaymont, Gaymont, W. va.
Gauley- Mountain Coal Company. Hawks
Nest, w. Va.
Kandlctd District.
Great Kanawha Colliery Company. Mt
Carbon, w. Va.
MI. Carbon Company Qimited). Mt,
| Carbon, w. Va.
Diamond Mines, Diamond, w. Va.
st. Clair Coal and Coke Company, St
Wy wyant Coal and Coke Company. Eagle,
w. Va.
Carver Brothers, Edgewater, W. Va.
W. X. Johnson, Crescent, w. Va.
Cannelton Coal Company, Cannelton,
Coal Valley Mining Company, Handley
| w. Va.
Mt. Morris Coal Company, Handley, W,
Carver Brothers, Handlsy. W. Va
n: I. Davis 4 Co. (Excelsior). Handlsy
il. i i. Davis a Co. Eureka), Handlsy
w. Va.
Onion Coal Company. Handley. W. Va
Consolidated Mining Company, Hand
ley. w. Va.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

Standard Coal and Coke Company, Hand.
chesapeake Mining Company, Chesa-
peake, w. Va.
crown-Hill splins-coal Company, Grown
Hill, w. Va.
Belmont Coal Company. Paint Greek, W.
Va. -,
Champion Coal Company. Crown Ill.,
w. Va.
Blacksburg Mine, Blacksburg. W. Va
s. II. Buck, East Bank, W. Va.
Robinson Coal Company. Coaiourg. W.
Va.
Stephens Coal Company, cOalburg, W.
Va.
Acme Mine. Coalburg. w. Va.
keystone Mine, Coalburg. w. Va.
Black Peerless Coal Company. Coalburg,
w. Va.
Winifrede Coal Company. winifrsde
Junction. w. Va.
Black Band Mining and Manufacturing
Company. Spring Hill, w. Va.
Total output above mines eleven months
ending May 81. 1891. in tons of 2.2i0 pounds,
2,089, ,7g2 tons.
Total output above mines twelve months
ending June 80, 1890, in tons of 2,2io
pounds, /. .920, ,124 tons.
There are 1856 coke-ovens at the above
collieries now in operation and under con-
structIon. Add Low Moor ovens, $50. To
tai, 1896.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

But the furnaces of Virginia and West
Virginia are not the only ones that draw
and will continue TO draw their coke from
the Chesapeake and Ohio. This fuel has
come into competition with the standard
cokes that had held the markets for years
and is asserting its superiority.
The carboniferous formations OF West
Virginia do not. however. embrace oil OF
the coal resources Of the Chesapeake and
Ohio. There are leads at various other
points in its territory. especially on the
James River division, some of which have
been worked to advantage in years gone by
and others which capital will inevitably
open up. Twelve miles above Richmond,
in Henrico county, the Gayton natural
coke mines, though only in the infancy OF
their development and but the beginning
OF other large workings in that area, are
yielding 20, 900 tons annually. The demand
for this fuel, which is taking the place OF
anthracite in a great many instances, is
greater than the supply.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

These figures are. however, but an index
of what the coal traffic and coke industry
of the road are destined to be, as will DO
apparent TO any one who will study the
situation.
Aside from the constantly augmenting
demands for the Chesapeake and Ohio
Goals for gas, domestic, and steaming pur-
poses. the development of the iron indus
| try on tho roads territory alone will run up
the coking business to enormous proper
tiOns. This iron development, it should be
remembered, will not be confined to Nlr-
ginia but will embrace West Virginia also,
where there are also oinexhaustible deposits
of ores.
ATTRACTING CAPITALISTS.
The principal coal measures being
| worked on the Chesapeake and Ohio are in
Fayette and Kanawha counties, West Vir-
ginia, but the openings in these measures
are practically no more than leads TO fields
tributary to the road containing the he
cessary supplies for centuries of gas,
steam, camel, and coaking Goals. The
numerous spurs of railway to the
mines are but the commencement
underground transportation extending
over many square miles Of area. The Coal
river, Elk river. and Gauley river basins
known to be unsurpassed in richness are
attracting the attention Of capitalists, and
| must pour their output TO the Chesapeake
and Ohio TO swell the tide of traffic both
east and west. West Virginia is estimated
TO contain onethirteenth of the coal area Of
the United States, and the cost of mining
is q bagatelle compared with mining ex-
penses in England. While in England 1t is
necessary TO 90 to depths varying
| from / 800 TO 1900 feet, the West Virginia
Goals are above the water-leyel Az an ex-
ample of the cheapness of coking it is
said that at Hawks Nest, where a new syns
dicate has been formed, coal can be put
| into the ovens at forty cents per ton. The
economic value Of the coal for coke
making and the adaptability of the coke
for iron-smelting may be judged from the
| following analysis:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

TONNAGE FoR YEAR ENDING JUNE 80, 1890, AS
COMPARED WITH ELEVEN MONTHS ENDING MAY
81, 1891:
In 'GHs poaSG.. Si as4o East West. Totals.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

Eleven months
1890 and 1891 /, ,717,311 372, ,0S9, 792
Twelve months
1859 and 1890 ], ,e0i,799 31S,325 1,920,l2
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

Six niles tom Allegheny Is the Gseor,.
brier White sulphur. the Saratoga = ~
South. Aud famed the Union over e ~
most fashionable resort In this whcl3 -.
ton. The white % the grand ee<keelor.
has been since the early days az ~: "a Z
public. its main hotels, ~ chx5cl -
long rows Of cottages and o@hoR b&1k
~ within enc beautiful lawn. nrcn1m
appsakspse 81 laxes village M
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

Allegheny, two hundred and oighkeen
miles from Richmond. Is She depot fox TIE
Sweet Chaiy ybeate and the Old Sweet, hnfk
Of which have long held prominent pIao&
in the liss Of Virginia watering ~pIasaa
They arc aed from Alleghnny ~ 4
good stage road. but this viii soon be sar,
planted By narrow-gsuEe xattw61.
The Old Sweet accommodates so and n 4
Sweet Chaly beste $50 guests. The tork1
at both the sweets are noted fer tk7Ir
tonic effects. ~
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

THE MINERAL RESOURCES.
..v v..s Iron Deposits--sew Fields Being
Opened Up.
The mineral resources Of the Chesapeake
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1891-06-23

The Warm Springs Valley line will place
the Springs within fourteen hours Of NsW
York, eleven or twelve hours Of Philadel-
phia, nine hours Of Baltimore, e,ght hours
Of Washington and Richmond and ten ID
fifteen hours OF Columbus. CsncinnaH.
Lexington. Louisville. Indianapolis. and
oanitalists Dsnau into the valley -, eoss T,thsnt G
saving. The three resorts are undsf coed
and experienced management this ss6son,
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01
Gbe 4ousebulo.
Spoon Collections.


The custom of collecting spoons
doubtless had its origin in the visits
paid by our well-to-do people to Europe,
since it has from time immemorlal been
the custom ito bring back something
in the way of souvenirs OF the trip:
Representative articles from the several
countries visited were easy to obtain,
and it was but step to the fashion of
getting like articles from different lands
by way of contrast-as, for instance,
head-dresses, footwear, gloves and the
like. Presently it was found that the
various countries INDUCED different
patterns of spoons-that in England
the handle terminated in representa-
ton of full blown rose; in Scotland
thistle took the place of honor, the
stem of the handle more or less repre-
senting the prickly stalk of the national
flower; in Holland the traditional wind
mill is not only represented, but is ar
ranged so that the slightest movement
of the spoon sets the fairy wheel in OPP
Grafton. These, as well as the gold
enameled mementoes from Denmark
and Norway, are representative of the
countries, and stand for the entire do
main. Still, many of the European
cities will be found 10 have emblematic
spoons, the engraving of which is cal
culated simply to recall the single mu-
nicipality Good Housekeeping.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01

One of Browning's most beautiful
and pathetic poems, and one intelligi-
BILE to him who runs, commentaries
the act of an old Earl of Arundel, who,
having struck his little child on the
head, had the picture of himself and
the child painted-the child, as he be-
came in later years, imbecile from the
effect of that blow. 1t would be well,
we think, for every parent, and for all
those having children on their hands,
to commit these verses to memory, and
to put the lesson in practice; for the
injury done to children by the quick
and careless box on the ear, that is
thought nothing of at the time, is some
thing incalcuabe. 1t is impossible to
hit tender child blow upon so deli
cate an organ as the ear, and one
having so close connection with the
brain, without doing an evil and I'M
seen work, even when the blow is given
with the fiat and open hand. The
action, it has been fully ascertained,
has produced violent Inflammation in
the ear, and running discharges for
years. Blood has been known to follow
it Immediately; and when this has not
happened, partial or even total deaf
ness has been the consequence in many
instances. Intercranial difficulties of
dangerous type are not at all rare,
either, as the result of these admoni-
tons. Idiocy has been traced to them
and in more than one case of those
surgically examined, it has been found
that fatal brain disease has followed a
box on the ear.-Catholic Standard.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01
The Dog Knew His Weakness.

There is a Newfoundland dog, Lion
by name, which gives daily proof of his
comprehension of what is said to him.
A lady called on his mistress the other
day. During her call Lion came in
rather slyly, lay down on the parlor
carpet and went to sleep. The CONVEX
sation ran on and the visitor said finally:
What a handsome Newfoundland
you have!" Lion opened his eye.
Yes" said his mistress, che is very
good dog and takes excellent care of
the children" Lion opened the other
eye and waved his tail complacently to
and fro on the carpet. When the
baby goes out he always goes with her,
and l feel perfectly sure that no harm
can came to her." his mistress went on.
Lions tail thumped up and down
violently on the carpet. "And he is so
gentle to them all, and such playmate
and companion to them that we would
not take $1,000 for him." Lions tail
now went up and down, TO and fro, and
round and round with great and undis-
guised glee. But" said the mistress,
Lion has one serious fault" Total
subsistence of Lions tail, together with
concern on his face. Z" He will come
in here with his dirty feet and lie down
on the carpet when / have told him
time and again that he mustn't do it"
Here Lion arose with an air of the ut
most detection and humiliation, and
skunk out of the room with his lately
eXuberant tail totally crestfallen.-N
Orleans States.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01

learn the art of spelling, and all her
private notes and letters are thickly
peppered with faults of photography.
She assembled the throne at the age of
twenty-siX, period in life rather late
for the commencement of ones educa-
ton. But to her credit be it said that
she tried her best, by incessant read
ing, to supplement the defects in her
early mental training. She spoke
English to perfection and the emperor
and she were wont TO converse in that
language when they did not want their
attendants to know what they were
talking about. She was an elegant and
fearless horsewoman, and her skill in
equation was among the first of her
omplishments that attracted the no.
tice of Napoleon I'LL, himself an ac-
complished rider. But her principal
talent was for art, and she drew cray
ons exceedingly well. This taste led
her to the odd idea of competing pub
licly for the construction of one of the
public monuments of Paris, the new
opera house. She made a design, sent
it under q borrowed name, naturally,
and did not, of course, obtain the prize.
Knowing nothing about architecture,
she was obliged to ask the help of a
practical architect to finish off her
sketch, and the pretty note in which
she makes request for such aid from
the minister who was her sole con-
fidant is still extant, and is quoted in
full by M. de Lano. 1t has repeatedly
been asked as to why the empress, after
the news of Sedan was made public,
did not present herself to the guards
and the people of Paris, and call upon
them to rally around her and her son
and to maintain for the latter the i'm
perial throne. The cause of this sim
gular abstention has been made public.
1t was because no suitable riding
habit could be found for her in which
to show herself on horseback to the
troops and the populace. There was
only one to be found at the Tuileries in
the hurry and confusion of that terrible
crisis. 1t was one made for the hunt
ing parties at Compiegne, and was in
the Louis XIV style, composed of
green velvet embroidered with gold,
and necessitating a cooked hat for the
completion of the costume. 1t was too
theatrical. 1t would not do. And so
the gallant appeal to the public was
given up, and with it the last hope for
the preservation of the empire. Paris
| Letter,
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01
An Old Umbrella.

One of the most transient of all
earthly possessions, according to the
consenting testimony of more than one
generation of men, is the umbrella. The
grass withereth and the flower fadeth,
and of truth the umbrella abideth
not long in any one place or in the pos
session of any one owner. 1t is fleet
ing, evanescent, short-lived. On this
point we are confident there will be no
dissent. What shall we say, then, of a
case which overthrows completely the
popular belief on the subject of UNI
brellas? 1t is well authenticated and
comes from the ancient town of Salem,
Mass. An umbrella with a record of
forty-four years. continuous service al
most takes away ones breath! 1t is
phenomenal, unprecedented, revolu-
tionary. Yet in the will of the late j.
Linton Waters of Salem, is this be-
quest: Il give to my cousin, William
G.. Waters, my venerable umbrella (now
in perfect order) with the carved handle
bearing silver plate purchased of
the late Stephen Osborne in 1S47.' l
hope the said umbrella may be always
kept in good condition" Verify, of an
uIuDIelld WuICu has eApeIlGuCcu lOIIy-
four years of shine and shade, its owner
might well express the hope that it
might always" be kept in good con,
dition. If forty-four summers and
winters have left it in "perfect order ,
this umbrella may not improbably be
destined to earthly immortality. But
after all, such an exceptional, unique
case has no bearing whatever upon the
average umbrella of the average man
or woman.-Ne,O York Tribune.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01

AT the leper settlement of Molokai,
writes Sister Rose Gertrude, the time
hangs heavily on the hands of even
these ease-loving children of the
tropics. Some few, in the first stage of
the disease, build cottages, some Guilt
vate taro, tobacco, sugar-cane or other
plants in small inclosed patches. In
the olden times they distilled strong
and harmful liquors, but this is now,
happily, forbidden by law. The sea
around abounds with all kinds of fish,
and the stronger ones pass hours in
this favorite pursuit. There are a
number of horses at the settlement,
too, and sometimes there are horse
races, the training for which is an
amusement to them for weeks before
hand. The women fish or ride, too.
AS a rule, they are not much given to
domestic pursuits, though some still
make hats and gorgeous quilts with birds
stitched on to the white calico. But
those who can work are almost disin-
clined to do so, by the utter useless
ness of their industry. 1--WE are dy-
ing" say they; "why should we waste
our time working, to leave good things
behind for those who do not care for
us?" The Chinese bear off the palm
for industry. They plant taro and rice,
and establish bread and cake stores,
and even make candy for those who
have the good fortune to receive money
from their friends on the other islands.
Of course there are many who from
loss of hands or feet are unable to
work, and theirs is the saddest lot.
They have literally nothing to do but
sleep and smoke, and their lives are
unutterably dreary. - Ladies' Home
Journal.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01

nothing. How many white-souled
women do you suppose hide in their
hearts the dead ideals which they
loved, while day by day the empty sem
blance of those ideals mocks their
sight? If a girl needs to be well
trained that she may nobly fulfill her
duty as somebody's wife some day,
does not boy need yet more to be
trained and disciplined that he may
worthily fulfill the responsible duties
which some day devolve on him as
somebody's husband2- Union Signal
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1891-07-01
1tlistellanp.
Nothing Is Lost.

The world is skirted with wisdom
Aud hooded and decked about
with wonderful sense of knowledge,
That mortas can never find out;
We may delve to the depths beneath us,
And rise to the heights above,
And the length and breadth and thickness
Is all touched by Gods wonderful love
How vain is endeavor becoming
Where the name Of Jehovah is lost,
what good thing is gained,
or what glory attained,
Where the line Of his wisdom is crossed.
There is over each mortal a knowledge,
And over each true life a trust,
And nothing of man or of soul ever can
BE melted, or wasted or lost
The creative power will continue,
Tomorrow is born Of to-day,
And every life, with its Joy or its strife,
Is moulding a soul for some future goal
And the little things that we do and say,
And the faith that we have, and the trusts
that we keep,
VIII lend to cur lives, and souls, and heart,
A matchless grace that can never depart.
-.josie Grover Hammond.