davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
MONTANA CLUB LICENSE.
Supreme Court Decides tbs Organl-
zation Is Not Compelled
TO Pay.
Formed for Social Purposes and
Not to Sell Liquors for
Tho District Court which Decided In
Favor Of tho County Treasurer Ii
Reversed on Appeal.

The supreme court has decided that the
Montana club cannot be compelled to pay
n license for disposing Of liquors over its
bar. Tho opinion Is by Chief Justice Blake
in which the associate judges concur. Jhe
district court heard the case. originally, but
Judge Hunt WAS not on the bench, he being
the president OF tho club Mt the time. The
action was brought by Richard Barden. the
county treasurer OF Lewis and Clarke, who
obtained a Judgment against the club.
From this the club appealed to the supreme
court. Judge Milburn, of Miles City heard
the case in tho lower court. The statute
under which the treasurer sought to recover
the license reads as follows:
"All persons who denl in, sell or dispose
of, directly or indirectly, any spirituous,
vinous and malt liquors in any quantity less
than one gallon shall, before the transac-
tlon OF such business obtain license, for
which he or they shall pay as follows:--''
The amounts are not quoted, the question
being not on the sum to be paid but whether
the club was liable or not.
Quoting from the certificate of incorpor-
tion OF the club. which was organized under
the territorial laws, the chief justice said:
The particular business or objects for
which the association is formed are RS fol-
lows to wit: For literary, educational and
social PURPOSES, and for mutual improve
ment and benefit, and to maintain in the
city of Helena in said county and territory
apartments fitted with proper pictures and
furnished with the proper furniture and
appuftenances to be used for said purposes
by ourselves, associates and SUCCESSORS"
II was admitted by the club before the
district court that the membership was 225;
resident members paid $40 per year as dues,
non-resident members $40 per year. The
Initiation was 500. 1t was also admitted
that the club paid monthly rental of 800
for its rooms. Other expenses were, a
stewart 800 per month, one bartender $1OO
per month, and three other employees at
salaries of $75 per month. The daily re-
celpts were given at about $40.
The district court found that the club did
sell liquor to the members, and f-1ch llq
urs were the property of the club and were
disposed of at profit. The conclusions of
law OF the lower court were that the dis
posal of the liquors by the club to its men,
bers and temporary members constitutes a
sale. In the trial of the case in the district
court the officers of the club stated there
was no profit in the sale of the liquors. The
supreme court holds that the lower court
erred in its findings and conclusions.
The supreme court finds that the
judgment of the lower court be reversed
with costs, and the order overruling the
motion for new trial be reversed and the
cause remanded for new trial. The coun-
ty attorney willnot try it again and the mat
ter is disposed Of
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

DIR. A. Meyer one of the best known
French opticians, is at the Merchants hotel
where he will remain for some time. He
comes with the highest recommendations
and his services will doubtless be in great
demand. DIR. Meyer has made the study of
the eye his life work and is widely known.
His advertisement in another column should
be read by all interested in the treatment
of the eve.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29


E. w. Carpenter, former resident of
Helena and at one time an Office holder in
this county. but now located at San Fran
cisco, as general agent for the Royal Insur-
ance company, has been heard from. He
writes as follows to Richard Lockey:
NY Dear Friend-I am obliged to you for
a copy of THE INDEPENDENT containing the
proceedings of the ''Honse of Lords.''
Think shall have to make arrangements
to be appointed minister extraordinary to
the Farrallone islands and contiguous lands
of the sunset seas, as certainly the House
of Lords ought to have n representative to
look after its interests in this section.
Yours very truly,
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Mrs. Jennings, the woman of whom mem
tion was made in these columns yesterday rs
being destitute and sick in bed for two
months, and whose troubles were increased
by some misoreant stealing all the clothing
of her fatherless children, wishes to thank
through THE INDEPENDENT, Mrs. Joseph inc
Hensley. who yesterday. generously sent a
large bundle of children's clothing and $40
in money to her. through the kindness of
Sergeant Quirk, who has from time to time
assisted her. Mrs. Jennings wept with
gratitude. She has no relations in Montana
and ia therefore all the more grateful for
such acts of charity.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

want to sell out my stock of clothing
within very few days for the purpose Of
giving more attention to my Granite Springs
mineral water. Therefore will close out
my entire stock at rs cents on the dollar.
Nj. LIssNER.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

The Cosmopolitan hotel has the largest
obby and billiard hall in the state, which
has been recently entirely reftted. This
popular hotel also furnishes the best meal
in Helena for 80 cents,
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
Working Wo.nan's Home.

The adjourned meeting of the working
Woman's Home'' will meet Friday, Jan. 80,
at two p. n., at Mrs. G. G. Swallows, in
stead Of Saturday, Jan. 81.
Mrs. l.. E. HowEY, President.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
Supreme Court.

~ supreme court.
f. L. Flanders vs.. the Elkhorn Mercan-
tile Co.; cause submitted on briefs as per
stipulation filed by counsel.
State of Montana VS.. VIM. Frey; motion
to strike out portion of record argued and
taken under adyisement.
Francis F. Macgowan admitted to prac-
tice on motion of VIM. Blackford.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
The Cosmopolitan.

Everything at The Bee Hive must go, rs tn
store will positively be closed out.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

A grand treat is in store at the Methodist
church, Broadway, next Saturday and Monday
evenings, Jan. slst and Feb. I'd Miss Fila
Leotta Swanton, the peerless clocutionst is On
gagged for these evenings. All lovers of tho ex-
cellent should keep these dates open.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

fou are invited to wear ont the threshold. a
New England Shoe store. II =. Main,
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Wooden and iron wagons at less than cost, to
close the business, at The Bee Hive.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Mems felt shoes with felt soles light and warm
and lurable; cut price. S3; at II South Main
Street,
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

l will sell at public auction all goods now in
the Novelty block, opposite Sands Bros'., to the
highest bidder, without reserve. George Booker,
auctioneer.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Extra fine silk Arctics at discount this
month, At New England shoe store. II South
Main street.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

A copy Of Tolstoi's Kreutzer Sonata will bt
given away with each pound of tea bought al
Wainateini
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

All kinds of miners boots and shoes al
great discount this month at the New England
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

A few more baby carriages at less than cost ut
Tho Bee Hive.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
THOSE :. WORKS OF ART,

-, Ladies muslin underwear at less tn cost at
The Bee Hive.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Fatal accident to New England Shoe compa
nys stock-it is badly out.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

New England shoe store. II South Main street.
y whore tho crowd gathers to buy shoes.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Be sure and go to fhe great sale mt the Novelty
block.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Special Mecfing, A. +. aud A. NJ.
A special meeting of Morning Star lodge
No. &, A. +. and A. NJ, will be held at Ma
sonic temple this (Thursdayl evening, at
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
Mrs. Jennings is Grateful,

Chinaware and glassware almost given away at
Ihe Eae Hive
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Go to N Q. II Warren street for switches, wig
and fronts. Hair ent cnrled and dressed.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

All goods at The Bee Hive store must be sold.
as the proprietors have positively decided to go
out of business.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Choicest selections always on hand.
Prices reasonable. Enquire 120 Broadway
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
The House of Lords.

For the biggest bargains of the year go to II
Bee Hive.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29


Ladies' and children's winter underwear at
less than cost at The Bee Hive
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Dolls and toys at half cost at Tho Bee Hive.
Auction sale opposite sands Bros. every day.
Ladies' specially invited.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

See ad. on other page of The Bee Hive.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
Albums Mt less than half price at The bee Hive.

Auction sale opposite Raleigh d Clark's every
day, Ladies specially invited
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Mems dress oonyress shoes sl.75 at II s
Main street.
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29

Beginning Monday Dec g. and continuing until sod shall
offer entire
Main and Sixth large line seasonabe goods
which this exceponabe opportunity purchase
prices before offered in Helena
The Helena independent., 1891-01-29
At Weinstein's.

Genuine Blue Points on tbs h.lt.hell. Motor
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06

This is the waste entailed upon the farm
products by clay roads. 1t is enough to keep
In repair 80, 900 miles ofturApike at an annual
cost of $66per mile. Or IL represents 1871 900
days labor. which might be employed in
other wealh-pFoducing industries.
Other freights would swell the waste to
$4000,000 In England the saving between
well-kept and neglected turnpikes is estima-
ted to be 100000, 600, which represents the
difference between three and four horses for
q load.
The estimated loss on the marketing Of the
hay crop of 100000 tons was $1,5D,0OO, due
to bad roads, while the total ann ual losses
are not less than $60o0,a 0O or the interest
on $100000,000
The road tax Of Allegheny county amounts
to about $l40, 900 annually, while for tho en-
tire State it is, according to the best estimate
obtainable, about 100000. What have we
to show for it?''
A contribution to the prize essays on roads,
published in "a Move for Better Roads,"
1891, by 81. G. Baird & Co., of Philadelphia,
has the following:
To get rid of the abominable hbels
dubbed roads, and reach something near per-
fiction, ought TO be the object Of all true leg.
islation on the subject.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06

From which 1t appears that on per cent.
grade Il in SOY the force required is twice as
great as on one of in 600, and that the load
could be hauled more than twice as far on
level with the same expenditure of power.
If the grade is ten per cent. it takes about six
horses to do the work of one. The great inn
portance of low grades can therefore be seen
at glance, and it is far better to run around
a hill or spur by curved line nearly level,
than to 60 straight over 1t. The resistance
offered by grades, as our roads are built, is
often greater than all the others put together.
Yet how little attention is paid to this matter
by road viewers. If railroad is to be built
its engineers select the best line they can find
for the purpose, even if it be necessary to run
through houses, and the law sustains them.
The same liberty should be extended To the
highway. Again steep grade causes wash
outs and increases cost of maintenance.
THE SURFACE COVERING.
A third point requiring special attention is
the character of the surface. 1t should be
may be more or less perfectly met by q
variety of materials, and it follows that the
hardest and smOothest surface is generally
obtained at the greatest cost. 1t is therefore
sometimes difficult matter to determine
whether the necessary expense would be
justiiable. In many cases the traffic would
not warrant it, but this is matter which each
district must settle for itself.
The great range in the resistance offered to
traction by the different kinds of surfaces is
we'll shown in the following table derived
from the experiments of the old road builders.
TABLE III.
The force required to draw one ton 10, on
a surface of
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
Relative number

From this statement it will appear that If
an iron tram be substituted for an earth road,
one horse can do the work of 20, or 10 horses
would be saved and as it is estimated that
the cost OF keeping horse Is about 1925 per
year, the saving may be computed readily.
AS matter Of fact, however, we do not
expect to go to this extreme, but would be
content to reduce this surface resistance, say
one-half, or from earth to macadam. This
means one horse instead of two, or saving
of $125 per year on every pair Of horses, now
required to be kept to do the work of hauling.
1t Is evident, therefore, that 1t would be an
economic policy to pay this sum or Its equiv
alent, not every year, but occasionally, into
road fund for the purpose of increasing mere
ly the hardness and smoothness of the surface
of our roads. TO say nothing of grades and
other distances.
But, is in addition to improving the surface,
we also reduce the grade and shorten the dis
tances, the cost of overcoming the resistance
to traffic on common roads may easily be re-
duced from 10 10 b cents or less per mile.
But reduction to one-third means saving
of 66 per cent. OF the cost, and decreases to
the same extent the relative supremacy OF the
other systems of transportation, while the
tributary areas would be affected in proper
ton to the square Of this reduction.
Table l. would then stand thus, approx
masely:
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
gnrttca1.
Living on a Star.

Light visits earth in may ways;
:. Among her clods the sunbeam plays,
Topaz and emerald giving back
For pebbles OF the wayside track.
Out of the black and heavy mould
The loveliest OF her flowers unfold;
The jagged seams of cleft and ledge
fGlisten with many golden wedge.
Whence is her secret radiance won?
Her darkest cayerns feel the suns,
And through the CLEAN of night she turns
towards OrbS Wherein his splendor burns.
o. have we learned our errand high
We, chariot-borne along the sky?
A lamp for other worlds we are;
Think we are living on a star!
The stars are earths, with clog and weight,
racing through orbits small or great,
Self-hindered, while a mighty thrill
Draws them forever sunward still.
And weighted. with them moves our earth;
In her own self how little WORTH .
Among the unnumbered stars, but One,-
A lifeless ball, without the sun.
The sun. that makes the day divine;
Ihat shapes the gem within the mine,
And tints the blossom from its root,
And gives Its sweetness to the fruit!
The sun among his brother-suns,-
Host upon host of shining ones!
onward. with them, our pathway lies,
Open to all those heavenly eyes.
Can we. in that bright cavalcade,
With sordid aims ourselves degrade?
BE wrong and meanness put afar
From those who live upon star!
Dust are we, clogged with dust, and yet
Our spirit birth cannot forget
Like flowers, heart open to the light,
: We live by keeping God in sight.
Dust are we? Soul-sparks from on high;
Children of immortality,
Sent here to brighten Times dark even,
And live on earth as IL in heaven.
In heaven. so near. so luminous!
o, when the cartwright wearies us,
Let us remember where we arei
Think! We are living on star!
Lucy Ldrcon
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
VOL. XXXVI-NO. 10.

The result of the existing mode of working
out taxes is "a lot of muddy, treacherous
paths, denominated roads, dangerous to life
and limb, and causing, directly or Indirectly.
by wear and tear of vehicles, and extra exer.
lion to draught animals, the loss of thousands
OF dollars more than would make and main.
tain system of roads equal to those Of any
country In the world"
Although have already given the actual
rates of moving freights over different
systems, at the risk of repetition, I desire to
put these results before you in different
form, and have therefore computed table Of
relative areas as affected by the cost of move.
ment, as follows: ~ IS
Table J., showing the relative economy of
movement of freight, based upon the cost per
ton per mile by various systems Of transpor.
tatton in 1891: fsf ~ - j.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
Producer and Consumer
TkfHEN money is scarce you
w want to get the best value

IN want to get the best value
in exchange for it. Intel
ligent and shrewd buyers know
that when they can deal with a
reliable manufacturer direct,
they get better satisfaction as a
rule. Columns of delusive adj
vertisements of rs laughter
Sales, "Mark Down Sales and
the like do not always argue
the best interest of the buyer.
None can offer you the solid
facts and guarantee their goods
like the maker.
We are now making up spring
goods in new and pretty styles,
and customers can confidently
rely upon our shoes as the very
best value for their money.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
q A. LURMAN.

VI ".3--
wholesale and Retail Wine and Liquor Dealer,
new No. l06l Hillen street. corner Forrest, Balti-
more, Md. California Wines and Brandies. We
respectfully solicit the patronage of the citizens
of Hartford county. Our stock will always be
found complete and consists of the best aud
most popular brands. Goods packed and de-
livered at any railroad station and wharf free of
charge. Give trial and we guarantee to
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
Mtsce1lancnns.
FOR BETTER ROADS.
MEETING OF FARMERS CONVENTION.
DIRT ROADS MUST GO.-SOLID STONE
ROADS DEMANDED.

Excellent Address by Prof. Haupt-The
Legislature to be Asked to Place the Roads
of the State Under the Control of a Civil
Engineer.
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06

By virtue of a decree of the Circuit Court fol
Hartford county. in Chancery, the subscribers. az
trustees, will offer at Public Sale, at the Court
House door, in Bel Air,
ON MONDAY, MARCH 10th, 1891,
At IL O'Clock, NJ, all that
TRACT OR PARCEL OF LAND,
situate near Magnolia. in the First Election Dis
trict OF hartford county, containing
9I5 Acres Land, More or Less,
known by the name of "Dallam's Self Preserva-
tion, being the land of which Nicholas Herbert,
the same and all the land conveyed by and de-
scribed in q deed from Albert Dorney and wife
to the said Nicholas Herbert. dated December
3Oth, 1851, and recorded among the land records
of Hartford county. in Lber w. G., No. 10. folio
IL. Seventy acres of this farm in cultivation,
are fertile and favorably situated for farming
and are 10 fine filth. The balance is in good tim
Der.
This farm is one of the most desirable In Har-
ford. 1t ia near the railroad station, convenient
to schools. churches and stores, -x.--x
and Is improved with comforta-
BILE Frame DWELLING HOUSE. K sssA
Kitchen. Corn House, two Barns, 4 HI
Granary: Wagon Shed and Stone -
Spring House. There is fine APP - =
pie and Pear orchard on the farm.
TERMS OF SALE.
Terms of sale as prescribed by the decree are
-one-lhird OF the purchase money to be paid in
cash on day of sale. one-third in six months and
the residue in twelve months from the day of
sale the credit payments to bear interest from
the day of sale and to be secured by the notes or
bonds Of the purchaser, with security to be ap.
proved by the trustees.
GEO. L. vANBIBBER,
WALTER w. PRESTON,
Trustees.
j. s. richardson, Auc'ioneer. 20feb
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
Bmsimess lirertnr1y.

ID n. NOM ER,
DE- PHOTOGRAPHIC ART STUDIO
Main street, adjoining NJ. p Church. All het
Attest styles of Photographs. from Is cents to 90
per dozen. Life-size Portraits in Oil and Crayon
a speciality. Copying. Viewing. 17janly
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
RuILDERs, HARpwARE.-F.

BUILDERS, HARDwARE.-F. H. DAY.
more, dealers in Hardware, Tools. &c. Bank,
Store and Prison Locks, Wollensaks Patent
Transom Lifters. Bell Hangers and Locksmfths
Supplies, Weather Strips. Builders Hardware
speciality. Everything needed by the builder 10
the Hardware line can be found at our estab-
lishment All the latest improved and patented
Hardware novelties in stock. Housekeepers can
secure ali the necessary Hardware here at the
very lowest prices. Builders are respectfully
invited to give us call and inspect our STOCK
Second 10 none in Baltimore 21sep
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06

n ~. Is
One Bay Driving and Work Horse years old.
sound, kind and prompt worker !; Frank III :,
Bay Horse, years. sound, sty lish and fast. one
of the finest ireadsters TO be found in Hartford
wanting Nor one horse mo good Milk Cows.
grade Jerseys. all giving milk 2 grade Jersey
Heifers, withcalf ] Sow, TO fafrow about April
Hoa was5s sp Espess Foe
andsSdafrs. I Family Carriage, i Top Buggy. i
Road Cart, Iron-Axle OK Cart. Osborn Self
Binder. in compfets order; new No. Osborn
and With
ments, Hay Carriage. Horse Rake. Roller, Q
sets heavy Preceding Harness, sets Lead Har-
Pess, get Cart fairness, sets Single Carriage
Collars. Riding Saddle and Bride. pairs Double
Lines, pairs Pillow Lines, Log. Spreader and But
Chains pair Breast Chains, "a Cow Chains, Sim
gle, Double and Triple Trees. pair Platform
COMPLETE SET CATTLE SCALES.
capacity Az tons. Double Harpoon Hav Fork.
with tackle complete, 1 Lightning Hay Knife, Q
Fremont Sulky Cultivators, Single Cultivators,
combined CuItivator and Corn Coverer, Row
Marker, Plows, Harrows. Cpltivators. Forks.
Hoes, Rakes. shoveis together, with many other
fAiso Com By the barrel. Hay by the ton, Fod.
der by the bundle, 2 Wood STOVES Cider Barrels,
Cross-Cut Saws, Maui and Wedges, lot of Hard
ware, consisting of Door Knobs, Augers OF DIFF
ferent sizes, Hinges and variety of other arti-
TERMS OF sALE-AlI sums of si0 and under
Cash before articles are reInoved sans over that
amounts credit of ten months wilbbe given,
ON notes with approved security, bearing inter
est from the day of sale, and payable at Bank
NO goods 10 be removed until settled for: ,,,
], 8. Richardson, Auotionser.d = FDfep
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06

TO WIT:
All that FARM on which the lbte John Hur-
ley resided, containing
55 Acres Of Land, More or Less,
situated in the First District of said county. on
the Joppa road. about IL miles from Joppa Sta
ton. on the B. and o. Railroad, adjoining the
lands of Andrew Duungan and Col. John G.
Walsh. This property is In a high state of Guilt
walton, well fenced with water in every field, q
very fine spring aud spring-house fifty yards
from the house and pump at the barn. There is
also very fine young apple orchard of well Sc.
lected trees.
sJAA The improvements consist of
s. I7 LING HOUSE. Barn, Stable. Wagon
004H House, Corn House and all other
buildings necessary for the place and all in good
condition. .
This property being conveniently near schools,
churches stores, postoffice and mills, (Wiison's
roller process mill being only one mile distantO
and in a good ghborhood, is one of the most
desirable in the county.
TERMS OF SALE.
The terms of sale are-cne- third of the pur-
chase money cash on day of sale. and balance
In six and twelve months from the day of sale,
to beNsecured by the notes or bonds of the pur-
chaser. with security TO be approved by the
ROBERT ARCHER, Trustee. I'D.
erAir, Md.
On application to the trustee before sale ex-
tension OF time for payment of purchase money
may be obtained: 1afeb
The aegis & intelligencer. [volume] (Bel Air, Md.) 1864-1923, 1891-03-06
Trustees, Sale.

By virtue of a decree of the Circuit Court for
Hartford county. in Chancery, the subscribers, as
trustees, will offer at Public Sale, at the Court
Ions in aI Air