Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1891-07-04
FARMING IN CHILL.
Nowhere is Agriculture Found to Be
More Profitable.
STARTLING NOMENCLATURE.
How Our Plain Names Are Transformed Into
Liquid spanish-Native Cognomens Which
Shock an American-visit to q Model Farm
Labor and Amusements of the Poems.
from The Stars Travelling Commissioner.

hundred mlles-mOstly by rall--tO visit q
model hacienda, for the express purpose of be-
ing able to tell you how the typical Gillian
! farm is conducted. The estate in question is
| owned by gentleman formerly from New
| England, who, as his name will show, belongs
10 an exceedingly numerous and highly re-
| spectacle family of the United States-Mr.
William Henry Smith; but. being married to a
Chilena. 1t is here rendered Senior Don Gull
iermo Henrique Ferrerio.
Speaking of nomenclature, the most common
| and cold-blooded of our northern titles become
positively mellihuous when translated into this
poetic language. For example: Our neighbor
over the way-at home Mr. John James Tinker
is addressed as Senior Don Juan Santiago
Latinero. Plebian William becomes GuiIIermo;
Henry, Henrique: Charles Carlos: Ned, Edu-
ardo; Jim, Santiago; Peter, Pedro: Dick
RICARDO, and so on to the end of the chapter.
SOME NATIVE NAMES WHICH SHOCK.
On the other hand, the native cognomens,
when rendered in English, are often comical if
not absolutely shocking. Not only people. but
saloons streets. factories and work shops
are named in honor of the Savior. the Blessed
Virgin, the Holy Trinity and all the saints in
the calendar. There is the Crown of Thorns
street, and the street of the Body of Christ.
have seen a saloon dedicated La Madra de Dios;
Trinity, and another to The Love of Jesus. In
Chill, as in other Spanish Catholic countries
every child is named in honor of the saint
whose anniversary comes nearest to the day
on which he or she happened to be born;
and that is the reason why SO many
girls have mems names: and vice versa.
know number OF ladies named CUTLER
nina female for William), Juanlta (..Iittle
John Antonio, &c; while Maria. Isabel and
other female names are equally common among
44ay stf'a
Santiago as Smith in the United States
young lawyer OF my acquaintance. who was
probably born near Christmas day. is called
Jesus Christie Vaca and his beautiful sister is
Benedicta Rafaela Cow. We lived in a hotel
whose barefooted errand boy was Jesus Maria
Goyenechera, and how wicked we felt whenever
Obliged to shout his name down the passage.
Luckily for sensitive feelings the word is pro-
nounced hay-soos, which makes it seem little
less like blasphemy.
SOME SAMPLE Co6NoMENs.
A former governor of the province Of valpa-
raiso is named Domingo Zorro Sunday Bull.
and the belle Of Copiapo was chrstened
Dolores Digereis (Sorrowful Stomach). There
are wee toddlers in the neighborhood who are
weighted with names longer than themselves.
What would you think of calling girl baby
Cbaldina Eduvijes Cifuentes, or Echeverria
lsidra lazaza; and a knee-high little gentle
man HipolitO Leonctco Osvaido Zantartu. or
i he
American countries the personality of women
Is not lost at marriage, as among us. by being
merged entirely in that of her husband.
Though she may be welded more than once,
she retains through life her own baptismaf
and family name. For example-should Miss
Mary Jones become the spouse OF Mr. John Smith
her cards would henceforth be engraved
Sonora Maria ones Ferreiro and her first-born
son would inevitably be named after both parents
thus: Don Juan Maria Ferreiro Jones. When
sr1rIr filx.va IL.
are as likely to be told the name Of her fathers
family that Of her husband.
SENIOR SMITHS MODEL rARx.
But to return to the model farm from this
long aggression. Senior Smiths estate COM
.prises 500 acres, all inclosed within one fence,
and so ponderous is the latter-belng ten feet
nigh, three feet thick and rooted like a house
that 1t reminds one of the great wall Of China
BY the way. barbed wire has never been pat
ented in Chilli though the government is fenc-
ing its railways with that commodity. brought
from the United States and if some enterpris-
ing Yankee would come down here and secure
patent on 1t his fortune would be made
balls are never used in this country for fenc-
ing except in the far south, where timber is
plenty. Stones are sometimes piled up into
walls, but always in combination with lime and
sand, making them solid. Those that are uni
versal IN Chill look strong enough to defy the
tooth Of old Father Time for centuries and as
PiStuicsduc as liIutstEucuDlc J0lS OF
friend Ferreiro is a fair sample. 1t is made of
mud cheap and common article-which has
been nodded into huge squares and dried in
the sun. The huge adobes were then piled
into place. and while yet moist earther ware
tlling imbedded in the top-of a rusty-red
color, like that which roofs the houses. The
object Of roofing the wall is to prevent the
i0ng-continued, heavy rains of winter from
soaking into the bricks and reducing them
again to mud.
ovERsEERs AND PEoN.
Like most gentleman farmers Of Chill. Don
William Henry does not live on his country
estate, but in the city, coming out once a
month or so to see how things are going, and
bringing his family for a few weeks in summer
time But there Is an administrator de haci-
enda, "subadministrator," several overseers
and more than one hundred poems. Farming
IL carried on this country much as it WAS in
Europe in feudal times or as in Ireland TODAY
each estate having its retainers, who are pro-
vlded with tenements, for which thew
pay by stipulated number Of DAYS labor
every year. As there Is hardly any middle
class In Chili-only the rich and the Door the
landlord and the tenant--the hacientas are
generally very large and are owned by nabobs,
who seldom visit them. Each has its big
rambling casa, wherein the administrators and
their families reside, a chapel, commissary
depot, granaries, store houses wine vaults and
a number OF little cottages, surrounded by
BaFden patches, Wnere the poems live. The
latter are paid for their labor, generally not in
money but in orders on the supply store.
where, at prices optional with the administra-
dor, food, clothing, chicha and rum are sold.
Tenants are usually given small credits at these
stores and are forever in deot to their land
lords. As the law prohibits their leaving the
service OF q man TO whom they owe money, they
are thus kept in perpetual slavery. When the
men assemble In the morning at the tap Of the
sunrise bell an overseer writes each one name
In convenient place, and when the days work
Is faithfully done puts mark beside his name
At the end of the week the marks are counted
and each man receives his pay according to the
score. As rule, haciendados and poems get
along well enough together, and the servant
will hight for the master to the last drop of
blood In his body. As in the old world CEN
turtles ago, feudal wars are kept up between es-
tates through SO many generations that the
original provocation is entirely forgotten, and
sanguinary conflicts are constantly occurring,
for the peon Of the Capulets is always more
than willing to cut the throat Of a servant of
the Montagues.
THE DAYS WORK.
As on other haciendas. Senior Ferreiros' ten
ants begin work at am, having previously
eaten desayuno Of bread and coffee. Then
each goes off to that part Of the estate which is
to be the scene Of his day g labor carving with
MIN cows horn of water and small bag Of
meal. These are his rations for the midday
breakfast, and not another mouthful will he
! get for twelve long hours until he returns to
i Il n....A q l. n