davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1891-01-17
A DEGGAR's HISTORY.
Tho Qussr Tais Told by q Femaio
Organ-Gr.nder.
she ciaims 10 r- s Descendant Of SoAss
He.s an tami,y-i,ee Descent Ia
sh~ be..,i Scsts Duo to
Horn aIatio Attachment.

Aon4aiio Attachment.
Tie old woman who playa the hand.
organ NJ the cornrF OF Ninth aud Vine
street, has hlsioFy, Eeeafi 2 To tha
PbliAdelphia correspondent %. Sc Chi
cagp Times 81 was bern, sho s.l., On
ths t,bs day OF augnHi, 1917, In Werin-
iand. sweden, Ani atn now. you SEQ,
se'enly'thr"c years OF agn. My namo
n Anna hf"nhon- That IL not my full
name, bu, u enough and viii do. Our
family nane WA well known In sNsjsa.
and also In iassia; 10 fact. our family Is
Husasan'
IN 'h" u'io OF tathefsne our family
estates ""fr OF th".'arsest held hJ tho
nohinis' My riotisrF WAS direct de-
se"nasni OF thn Va. aSnasty.- mover
nc iiA'r r,rs 'sn-''
You SOC t'iai ea my mothers slio an
OF royal lineage an.' on iaF iA'hers SD"
"'n''hH'A '''h' ih' rf"uN''t "t Rus,
aiNN If''''s'f-'f. sly lAth"' was proud
ilhn' hiorna' sni attFa ~ tho esiFp mo-
~ .'Hl''F' !" Nh'lF 'unlAeF camp AZ
Nany'"N'ti h' commanded MouII often
u. u"si'A pl MS "fA'Fa Toy some tF'Iln.
"h' mo-
I.ul''h"'F llhiI' OF h'Slhlhhh' i"F
a. q .""A Ht NfH' was pA'a'd IN mo
soh''I az 'lF'"hnlhl' hHA as Young
'sNy na' az court "''EH IMAM ""A"uof"
e'''' "h'n ! "aA t+"hiy years "li ""
N"t" Ai our sl''A .i"lu hH'n'' Ehl dAlly
IA Hi'' uaAnn,' Ht i"r palace or AZ hr1it-
ntnrh"im' Vz' ih" .'sI7'inl Av'rit'
"l fr'h'e-1 Huf'ni"' ! waH constantly
HrE Silt" IHFFHL HFfI
Z" M" Dc ihtnE nay mother would have
H"n'' iA'F" ".a 1t court ~ ihai tinr
nphlrnihn nsuri h+f't Phrfron, ufhtsh
rank huE uf r''r a' O. h"ffar, li' hai a
son Carl, tapialn in 'An navy, whom
hai mot at court balls ant receptions,
Carl aud , during iAat summer mot very
often Nn walked Ead talked anil
ruwrd together Gull found ihs; |
loved liM,
Prime Elrt mic l.' 20 me oHr lay,
'Ah, my drar this love ~ Cari's viii
give sou Trouble -'mr day dmiioi al
hyr bat Thought nothing ~ IL. Hat ono
iHy a. nfutiuinHHHlm tari told mu that
hc would 81 uH,H peak % uly father
hated thll lsf .idi 'hc. do 80 aud
hC a"nt auay HsFHs, Poor taFl! don't
know slIat raflf4 between hlm AMI my
father, but ON ih" u0Et 'v"ning my
father sent tgr mo tp come la tho libra.
ry. ! went there; ho was tall. cold,
stCrni = man 0i Iron. so, so, ms little
Cognicsa, h0 lsu shr,i, sou love Carl. dp
yuu9 We'll, Wril. IN apnn stop that
and then hU began 90 toll IHp how poor
Carl va that D." wanted aiwply my
money, that br was a drinking man, a
l.. IL ~ .HaN.H
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1891-01-17
LsmckIcn,. .Ari!icn ..nIxc.

The best salye in the world for cuts,
bruises, sores, ulcers. salt ,hcum, fever
sores, tetter, chapped hands. chilblains.
corns, and all skin crup,ions, and posi-
lively cures piles. or no pay required.
1t is guaranteed to give perfect satis-
faction, or money refunded. Price y
cents per box. For sale by all druggists.
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1891-01-17
OUR CLUB OFFER TO YOU.

Divide TIM MGEEEn lEnALp viii be sent for
this
little
call and Tho of
pudding the eating
THIS OFFER IS GOOD UNTIL APRIL Is, 1891.
Semi -3l,to Msrrao
ta 1e'ns.cHa Cabinet t.- @ r. a..H'.
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1891-01-17
RULES AND REGULATIONS


The following rules for the govern,
ment of tue Meeker school have been
adopted by the School Board, and are
published that parents may know just
what Is expected Of their children.
There is nothing unreasonable required
OF pupils, and teachers are in duty
bound To enforce the rules To The letter
Parents VIII do well 10 preserve this for
future reference
The Meeker herald. [volume] (Meeker, Colo.) 1885-current, 1891-01-17

sear ll,eory. Ii the
1pte the pupils an
solneti,ing 10 be
and consistent
Years of school
10 pass the!f
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

Last week, we inquired after
Granny" Griffin, the leader of the
Prohibition wing Of the Republican
party. We feared he was "lost,
strayed or stolen" but here comes
the Manhattan Republic and says ::
Hon. Albert Griffin has accepted
the position Of private secretary to
one of the assistant secretaries Of
the treasury department in Wash
ington, at a salary of 81 800 a year.
We understand this work is only in
cidental to other and more impOr-
tant work in which Mr.. Griffin is
engaged at Washington.
We breathe easier. But what is
that "more important work" in
which he is engaged at Washing
tom?
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

THE late lamented Abraham Lin
coin was lnaugurated president of
the United States. After the cOun-
try had been plunged into war by
the slave holders rebellion he called
upon all good people to aid him in
preserving the government and
maintaining the law. Hundreds
and thousands of soldiers volunteer
ed and have fought the nations
battles, sleeping on the cold, snowy
ground, drinking stagnant water in
the heat Of dog-days, ETC., but re-
naming at the post of duty until
the nation was saved, when the
great president declared that this
country must "care for him who has
borne the battle, and for his widow
and orphan" To-day 10000 of
these soldiers are in aims houses
separated from families and friends,
while an oil syndicate (born since
the wary controls the product of the
world; and everything is falling in
to the hands of syndicates and mo-
nopolies, and the old parties instead
of trying to right the wrong go on
heaping greater disgust upon them
selves by lying about the reform
press association Of Kansas because
it demanded for these soldiers equal
rights with the bond-holder. Kan
opolis Kansan.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21
From Plains to Peaks.

In the Ute Pass, near Colorado
Springs, are several pleasant places
to cool off during the hot summer
months. Reasonable hotel, cottage
and tent rates. You can go to the
top of Pixies Peak on foot, horse
back, in carriage, or via the cog
wheel railway.
Santa Fe Route is the only line
that runs Pullman vestibule sleepers
to Manitou without change.
Cheap excursion tickets now on
sale to principal Colorado resorts
and to Las Vegas, Hot Springs,
New Mexico, the favorite all-the-
year-round watering place, where
Montezuma Hotel is located.
Inquire of C. G. COLEMAN,
Local Agent Santa Fe Poute-
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21
What IL II to be Q Reform Editor.

Michael Davitt's Labour World
has died, after loss of nearly fifty
thousand dollars. 1t is luxury to
run reform" paper. 1t costs
money, for spending which the edit
or is grateful if he receives any
thanks. He can and does generally
live On wind-pudding, and he can
point with pride to the enemies he
has made Of his friends by pursuing
course which he knows to be right,
but what is inimical to their inter-
est. He is so thoroughly independ-
ent that he writes better when he
sees so-called reformers patronizing
their enemies, in order to conciliate
them-giving them the meat and
him the bone, without even the
marrow, as we have seen done by
certain organizations of this city.
He loves to be patted on the shout
der and told what a splendid paper
he is publishing, that it ought to
double the size for half the money,
ETC., and he does just dote on the
workingman who believes in high
wages for himself, yet he thinks the
editor ought to work for nothing.
Oh, we just tell you, it is glorious
thing to be reform editor. He's
"bully boy with glass eye" San
Francisco Star.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21
Alliance COmmercfalC Convention
of Kansas.

Believing that the industrial
classes can best protect and advance
their financial and business interests
by organization and cooperation in
the various branches of trade and
commerce, and to accomplish this
end it is necessary to meet, discuss
and interchange views concerning
the various enterprises now before
us for our patronage and support:
We, the undersigned members Of
the various reform organizations, do
hereby propose and call state bus
;nass ar commercial cnnventinn tn
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

A CALL has been issued for a con-
ference Of Alliance men who favor
the suppression of the liquor traffic,
said conference to meet OH Staten
Island, Aug. 10th. 1t is for the
sole purpose Of exchanging views ;
not for the purpose Of forming new
party, nor formulating platform
1t will be non-partisan. 1t is a
move toward uniting the various
reform clements thing greatly
desired. The call is signed by
many leading Alliance men.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

The death Of the Olathe Demo
crat, a Demo-P Peoples paper, is an
other indication that the people will
not support those halfand-half pa
pers. They want the simon-pure,
ll-wool-and-a-yard-wide PEOPLES
doctrine, and propose to have it.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21
What IL the Money Power?

Occasionally you will hear some
defender of plutocracy ask what is
meant by the phrase 1.-The money
power" In the same sentence he
will probably deny the existence Of
such a power in any form that can
seriously injure the great commercial
interests of this country. Here is
a good answer to such questioning,
given by Chauncy M. DePew, presi-
dent Of the New York Central rail
road and a notorious representative
of that very power which the indus
trial forces in this country are COM
batting. How could proof be
stronger
Fifty men in this United States
have it in their power, by reason Of
the wealth they control, to come TO-
gether in twenty-four hours and
arrive at an understanding by which
every wheel Of trade and commerce
may be stopped from revolving,
every avenue Of trade blocked, and
every electric key struck dumb.
Those fifty men can control the cir
culation Of the currency, and create
panic whenever they will.
Every Reformer should paste Mr.
DePew's statement in his hat, and
then read it to all those who are
disposed to question the despotic
power of wealth in this country.
Such a condition of things as this
railroad magnate admits is of itself
sufficient ground for the Organiza-
ton of the masses against the pow
er of such an evil in the presence Of
our free institutions. Read and re-
read what he says until you get
some conception Of what is involv-
ed in such state Of affairs.-Man-
haitian Republic.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

BYRON T. PARK, Of Chemung
county, N. Y, sends us a club Of
fifty subscribers, for which he will
please accept our thanks. Now, if
each subscriber will do as well, we
will soon have that 10, 200 subscrib-
ers. If you can't send fifty, You
can send ten. Will you do it ?
Get the people to reading and think
ing for themselves, and we will win
in 1872.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

The North Dakota State Alliance
was neither ashamed nor afraid to
adopt this glorious resolution as
part Of it's platform THAT we
are in favor of the prohibitory IL
quor law, and demand the enforce
ment of the said law. "-Manhattan
Republic.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

N. S. Mount, editor of the PeO-
ple's Advocate, Coldwater, Kas,
who so bravely fought the blood
sucking Republican officials of Com
anche county, was, later, prosecuted
on a charge of caiminal libel, and
the trial took place on Tuesday of
last week. The result Of the trial
was a vindication of Bro. Mount.
'Rah for our side!"
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

Our Republican brethren have
had a good deal to say about the
Alliance" meeting at Fl. Worth,
Texas, few days ago, which OPP
posed the sub-treasury plan. These
papers claim that there we're 300
delegates present at that meeting.
Now, the facts in the case are these:
That meeting was not called by the
Alliance president of the state, nor
by any other Alliance official, but
by U. S. Hall, of Missouri, who is
a Democrat, pure and simple. Hall
and some of his Democratic friends
did it to injure the Peoples move
ment. Furthermore, there were
only THIRrY-sEvEN delegates present.
The mountain labored terribly to
give birth to so small a mouse.
Supscprpr for tho AcTTAroR- -THE
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21
EDITORIAL NOTES.

THE old party leaders of Ohio
may we'll be alarmed. The farmers
are kicking dust in their eyes at a
great rate.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21
TIE old-party politicians are b

TIE old-party politicians are be-
ginning to discover the Alliance is
sin it" in Ohio and Kentucky. A
genuine Kansas political cyclone is
at work in those States. True to
the metaphor, it comes practically
Observation-Disclosures Republic.
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

views upon the Importance and ne
cessity Of maintaining and building
up the numerous cooperative $3.50
Citations in existence, or hereafter
organized, such as Insurance COM
panies, Fire, Life and Hail, The
Mutual Protective Association, The
Kansas Alliance Exchange Co., and
other kindred organizations
Such convention to be composed
Of members OF the Farmers Alliance
and Industrial Union, the National
Citizens Industrial Alliance,
Knights of Labor, Farmers Mutual
Benefit Association, The Mutual
Protective Association, The Alliance
Mutual Benefit Society, The Kansas
Alliance Exchange Co. and sll Al
lance insurance companies, eleva-
tor companies, OF any other reform
organization, and each Of the above
organizations, local, county, or dis
trict Alliances and Assemblies are
requested to send one delegate
to said convention, and each and
every member of such organizations,
who feels an interest in such con-
vention, is invited to attend.
The president Of each County AZ
lance should be present or appoint
someone to attend, and as many
sub-Alliance and local Assemblies
should be represented as possible.
Reduced rates will be secured.
Officers of the Kansas Farmers
Alliance and Industrial Union:
Frank McGrath, president Fan
ny R. vickery, vice-president; j.
B. French, secretary.
w. A. PETER, senator; S. McLal-
lin, editor Advocate A. S. Hack
ney, Co. Sec. Harvey Co. ; P. M.
Gilbert, Jefferson Co.. L. I. Pur-
cell, editor Free Lance, Burton /;
Mrs. A. Y. Mccormick, Great Bend;
S. H. Snyder, national lecturer Cit
liens Alliance; A. Morrisette,
county commissioner, Cloud county;
C. S. McKesson, clerk of court, Elk
county B. E. Kies, editor Com
moner F. M. Watts, manager
Sedgwick County Exchange; Jerry
Simpson, congressman It'll district
A. P. Collins, Salina, Kansas; J.
M. Neville, Anderson county; Jas.
Foley, chairman judicial committee;
E. I'll. Snow, state printer Horace
Foster, business manager Hutchih-
son Gazette, Hutchinson, Kansas.
Officers Alliance Mutual Benefit
Society:
G. II. Flintham, secretary; DR..
II. A. Warner, medical director ;
w. F. Rightmire, president.
Officers of the Mutual Protective
Association
j. A. Hammers, president; w.
S. Ross, treasurer Mrs. M. E. !
Lease, director DR.. A. Y. McCor-
mick, director; Noah Allen, gener-
al attorney Fred L. Bailey, secre-
tarv and reneral MANAGER
Kansas agitator. [volume] (Garnett, Kan.) 1890-1905, 1891-07-21

SUBSCRIBE for the AGIrAroRr THE
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1891-06-29
BaImaCeda Talks.

LONDON, June 29.-An official dis
patch from Santiago, Chilli, says: The
revolt makes no progress. The gov
eminent squadron takes possession OF
ports without opposition. The pro-
vinces are occupied by rebels, whose
vessels and forces concentrate at
Iquique. The Esmeralda has occupied
the guano island of the Lobos group,
destroyed material and vessels and
seized the employees. The govern
ment administered this property en-
tirely for the benefit of holders Of the
Peruvian debt, whose interests are
thus sacrificed by the violence of the
rebels. The rebel army is discontin-
ued, food being exhausted. The
people and the army support for Civil
President Claudio Vicune.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1891-06-29
Divine Providence Academy.

The first annual commencement of the
Divine Providence academy took place
saturday, June 9th, with the following
programme:
Entrance March, A. de Grau.
Welcome Song, j. Weigand.
Address, Miss A. COSgrOve.
Fan Drill, Capt. j. ii. Barinette, 1St
infantry.
Clayt0n's Grand March, duet, Misses X.
Leslie, L. CoSgrOve.
OraJorical, ST. Augustine, Cicerto, BOS-
suet.
Listen, Mother, Angels Call me, quar-
tette, j. Il. Rutledge.
Original sketch in one scene, NJ. J. Will
son.
Graduation March, six hands, Streab-
bog, Misses o. Russek, n. Caster, NJ
Caster.
Heavenward March e pianos. s hands,
Misses X. Leslie, l.. CoSgrOve, o. RusSek,
A COSgrove.
Witch of Resembling, drama, Card Wise
man.
Musket Galop, j. Bellak.
TambOurine Drill, Misses l.. Cosgrove.
A. Cosgrove.
AWARDING OF MEDALS.
ValedictOry, Miss l.. Cosgrove.
Farewell Song, l.. Wiegand.
DISTRIBUTION OF PRIZES:
Gold medal of excellence, awarded to
Miss L. COSgrOve.
Silver medal for Christian doctrine,
awarded to Miss o. Rnssek.
Silver medal for music, awarded-to Miss
A. CosgrOve.
First prize, silver medal for good con-
duct, awarded TO Miss X. Leslie.
Second prize, silver medal for good con-
duct, awarded to Miss NJ. f. Schuhart.
First prize, golden pen for penmanship,
awarded to Miss w. Owens.
First prize, golden pen for literature "a
warded to Miss E. Paschal.
Second prize, golden pen for grammar
and composition, awarded to Miss L.
SneltenfuSS.
First prize, golden pen for calistenicS,
awarded to Miss A. Mergenthal.
Second prize, golden pen for reading,
awarded to Miss NJ. Mcdonald.
Second prize, golden pen for grammar,
awarded TO Miss NJ. Carter.
Second prize, golden pen for recitation,
awarded TO Miss n. Carter.
Third prize for spelling awarded to
Miss c. L. Oldback.
Honorable mention for elOCutiOn grant
ed 10 Miss l.. CoSgrOve.
HononOraO ole mention for music granted
to Miss o. RuSSek.
HCnOrab bic mention for geography
granted to Miss A CoSgrOve.
Honorable mention for fancy work
ranted to Miss X. Leslie.
Honorable mention for Christian doctrine
granted to Miss +. NJ. Schuart
Honorable mention for ancient history
granted to Miss l.. Paschal.
Honorable mention for physiology
granted to Miss w. Owens.
Honorable mention for arithmetic
granted TO Miss L. SneltenfuSS.
Honorable mention for penmanShip
gtanted TO Miss A. Mergenthal.
Honorable mention for drawing grant
ed TO Miss Nj. Mcdonald.
The distributions of premiums was fol-
lowed by the valedictory composed and
delivered by Miss L. Cosgrove.
Closing actresses given by Rev. VIM. A.
TuhrweSk, chaplain of the academy, and
Judge A Paschal, L. L. D., ended the
festivities Of the day.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1891-06-29
Gilman Declines,

CHICAGO, June 29.-President d. G.
Gilman of Johns Hopkins universi.
ty, who had been rendered the posi-
ton of the bureau of liberal arts of
the fair, arrived here this morning
and after consulting with Director
General Davis as to the duties of the
position, decided that he could not
accept 1t. He found that it would re.
quire all of mis- time, and he was un-
willing to give this to the exclusion
of his official duties at Johns Hop
kins. Over 1000 applications for
space for "vhiEtiCu have already
been reCeiVsU
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1891-06-29
No yellow Fever There.

NEW ORLEANS, June 29.-False
rumnrs are in circulation as TO yellow
fever here. DR.. Olliphant state
health officer say that there is no
case of yellow fever or fever of any
suspicious nature in New Orleans.
Should any such occur prompt Off
cial notification will be given, in ac-
cordance with agreement entered
into between State boards of health.
No credence should be given reports
unless emanatlng from this office"
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1891-06-29

not or did not prevent them escaping at
will.
And in view of the fact that there is no
room in the county jail we would recon-
mend that suitable building be rented
by the county judges and the prisoners be
there confined.
Upon thorough examination of the
poor house, there is comparatively little
TO show Tor the large amount expended
there by our county officials The large
stone building for the most part is poorly
ventilated and should be remedied. The
frame buildings are totally unfit for hab-
itation. They, the beds and bedding are
filthy and full of vermin, and should be
no longer tolerated.
We find the sanitary condition of the
city and the Hospitals in very good condi-
ton, all smallpox patients having been
discharged as cured, as shown us by the
report of the city physician.
We visited and inspected the county
jail and give due credit to our able and
efficient sheriff, Mccall and his worthy
deputies. We found all within the jail
neat and clean; the prisoners were per-
fectly satisfied with their food, beds and
accommodations, and had no complaints
to offer. Including the United States
prisoners, the jail was filled to its utmost
capacity, but by the end of the next court
term our competent and esteemed district
attorney VIII nave cduSeu many Vacdn-
cy there.
AS per your honor's special instructions
to us in regard TO gambling and proStitu-
tion and TO the keepers and owners of
houses thereof, also to the vendors of
lottery tickets, we have given them
our careful attention. and have found
true bills wherever the evidence JUS
titled.
In further reference to the city munich
pal affairs and to the San Antonio Fair
Association we would recommend that
your honor instruct the next grand jury
nation that we have begun and failed TO
testimony as taken being derOgatOry to
some of the officials.
Having now concluded our labors we
would respectively ask our discharge.
In view of the recent terrible disaster at
Dallas and Galveston, TO which our at
tention has been called we would recon-
mend an immediate removal of the powder
houses, which are now located so near to
the city.
c. l.. DIGNowITY,
J. A. CHAVEZ,
W. =. GERFGRS.
THOS. KIOLBASSA.
ALFRED s. MUsSEY
WM. ). HADLEY,
d. NJ. Poor,
ALIEN Y. SINCLAIR,
Louis OGE.
THOS p. OWENS,
ERNEST RISCHE.
Zone grand juryman failed TO sign this
report, and some people are asking why?l
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1891-06-29
An Englishman and His None!
Missing.

New YORK, June ga young
Englishman named Charles Warner,
who had gold and bank of England
notes valued at ten thousand dollars,
disappeared on arrival here of steam
ship Toverhill. He made the &C.
quaintance of Mr.. Rowland on board
and they left the ship arm in arm,
crossed the bridge, west, to Sanders
& Co. Office, % State street, and have
not since been heard or seen. War
ner's brother here has been looking
for him. Supposed foul play.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1891-06-29
The Philadelphia Irishmen.

PHILADELPHIA, June 29.-At a
m eeting of prominent Irishmen yes
terday resolution was unanimously
accepted to affiliate with the Irish
Federation of America, organized a
few weeks ago in New York, and sew
ering connection with the Irish Ma
tional League. Vice President Hugh
Mccarthy, OF the league, read a letter
from DR.. Emmett, OF New York, rec
ommendiug the league to unite with
the federation, which was adopted.