Arizona republican., 1891-06-18
THE COOLING MOTH.
The Oreges Entomologist Gives Apple
 Growers Some Timely Hints.

The Oreges Entomoiogist Gives Apple
 Growers some Timely Hints.
 Never spray until all the bloom has fallen, otherwise the lives of honey bees are endangered. Spraying before such time has no material effect on the cod ling moth. ,~
 The best time for the first spraying is one day after all the bloom has fallen-- when the fruit is about the size of peas. A second spraying should follow in about eight days in order to do thorough work at a time when it is most needed. The foliage of our fruit trees on this coast will not bear as great strength of poison as Eastern foliage. This should be borne in mind when looking for in- structions for this work in Eastern treat ises on the subject.
 Paris green appears to give the best results. One pound of this poison to 250 gallons of water for the first and one pound to 300 gallons for each subsequent spraying is sufficiently strong Should this burn any unusually tender foliage its strength should be reduced. To make the spraying solution mix the proper amount of Paris green with lit tie water until it is of the consistency of cream and then pour into the larger mass of water while vigorously. stirring the solution. Insist upon getting good Paris green. When of good quality it should form smooth paste with little water.
 About three pounds of soap (soft or whale oiD to every fifty gallons of the liquid will insure an even spreading over fruit and leaf and greater permanency of the poison on the fruit. The liquid should be we'll stirred during the process of spraying to keep the Paris green from settling. This is very important If it severely burned while others will receive none of the poison. The fruit may be safely sprayed up to within two weeks of gathering.
 The warm season is so long on this coast and the moth, in consequence, so many brooded there are at least four broods and probably more) that a greater number of sprayings is necessary here than in the East. Two or three spray ings are necessary on the early apples and four or five on all later ones, Bald wins excepted, which should have one or two late srrayings in September. The same would apply to all varieties ma turing as late as the Baldwin.
 An interval of fifteen days between all sprayings after the second is safe un- less a severe rain storm occurs shortly after the spraying, washing off the solu- tion and making another application necessary.
 Of spraying pumps, there are many good ones in the market ranging from $l2 upwards. It is suggested that where one farmer does not feel able to afford a first class pump he combine with his neighbors, each thus securing the use of a far better machine than if its price came from one purse. The very best nozzle for spraying fruit trees is the new Cyclone nozzle with the Vermorel at- tachment. It costs $l.75 Lnt is cheap at that price. By means of the attached brass needle any obstruction clogging the nozzle can be removed instantly. A spring returns the needle to its place.
 As an adjunct to spraying it is desir- have pinned about its trunk two bands made of old canvass, the lower band about foot and half from the ground and the upper band four feet above the lower. Under these the larvae-errone- ously called worms-crawl when leaving the fallen apples, seeking for place to pupate. These bands should be exam ined every five days, the larvae concealed beneath should be killed and the bands replaced. The fallen wormy apples should be gathered from beneath the trees every four or five days and de- stroyed or fed to stock. Further, it stands to reason that every orchard should receive cultivation, be kept weed ed. prunsd and free from rubbish.
 By no means neglect spraying for season because you are late in beginning.
 It has been suggested that, inasmuch ss there are in every town owners of a few fruit trees who. though desirous of getting as much fruit as possible, do not feel warranted in buying spraying pumps for such small number of trees even if they had the time ana knowledge to put it to good use, there should be men who make business of spraying during the summer season. Such men should be conversant with the con- pounding and use of the various insecti- cides and with the habits of the pests they have to combat. The numerous demands which such men would receive for their services and the attendant re- muneration would certainly make it a