Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1891-03-31
DINlINUTIVE REPUBLICS.

6ition of Andorra or Of San Marino?
says the New York Star. A word as to
these tiny Republics.
.Sntlorra State lies on the south side
Of the Pyrcnccs, between the Spanish
Provincc of LcridI and tho French de-
partracnt OF AricEc. Its cree il one
hundred and sixty square miles, not
~ccy mich moro than that of Philadcl-
p.iia- It's population is seven thousand.
Tho people arc mostly busted in
Hmut7gling. mining end the 1aauufact-
nrc of tobacco. Those thus not en-
ploycd arc shepherds. The country has
Tree parish schools. The people speak
81 Spanish dialect. The Republic IS .
survival of many such once ilouriShinG
in the valleys of the Pyrcnccs. 1t has
maintained its independence since the
year 1915. The country is divided into
six parishes, and each parish has two
Consuls, who, by the aid of local
councils, decide all questions concern
ing roads, police, public lighting. taxa
ton, and the division Of pasture
lands. Finally, there is general coun-
ell of twcnty-four members, four from
each parish. Since 1860 these officers
have been elected by ell heads of fam
chise was confined to an aristocracy
maintained by primogcniturc.
The army OF Andorra consists of six
hundred men under militia organiZa-
ton. These men hold themselves
ready to be called out ut the wish Of the
State. The command Of the militia is
entrusted chiefly to two officers, one
nominated by Franco and the other by
the bishop of Urgcl, Spanish sec.
The army is exempt from for
Cign service, and the chief busi-
ness Of the two officers, or viTnicr3,
as they arc called. is to administer erin
inal justice. Civil cases arc tried be-
lore two aldermen. deputies of the
Nigniers. A civil judge of appeals. how
ever, may set aside the judgments of
thc aldermen. This judCe is nominated
alternately by France and by tho bishop
of Urgcl. The final appeal is to the Court
Of Cessation 1T Paris or to the Episco-
pal College 1T UrGcl.
The little Republic pays On annual
tribute Of ninc hundred end si:;ty
francs to Franco, and in consideration
Of this payment free trade prevails ~
tween tho two countries. a like G,ra
UrGcl. This tribute and the c::pcnscs
of government Gro paid by species Of
tax levied rs rent for the use CT pasture
land. The people live the siIaplcst SORT
of lives and are scarcely conscious of
any government beyond the ncirhborly
understanding necessary to the exist
once of 4 civilized community. Andor-
RI, the capital, l. IN odd little town of
ono tho""nn1 inhabitants.
Far smaller than Andorra is that
other mountain Republic. SEN N.cc;no.
it lies upon tho Adriatic, surrounded
10y italian provinces. The area Of TIC
country IS only t'lirty-thrcc square
miles. and, in fact, tho Republic IL
merely ono mountain peak, TWENTY-FIVE
hundred feet high. On the sides Of thi:,
mountain stand tho town CT San
Marine and four or five villa~cS baailcs.
The town Is built about TIC GacicrS
hermitage of San Marino. founded in
the ycGr 4tp. Tho place is accessible
oy only one road, and IS net only
walled, but has three forts. It cont2inI
tho Governors palace, six churches,
n thcatcr and two great ci&tcrna
for tho supply Of water. Nothfn-
public's system of government The
I,C. i3laturc consists Of Senate of sixty
mcmberG elected for life, equally from
HobIcG, citizens and peasants. The lit
$lc Ecpablic il amply provided with
Erc3ilonta. There arc two chosen every
nix months. There arc lil.cvviSc two
Judges antl two Secretaries cf St;tc.
Thc army consists Of nine hundred and
ffty men, Or about 0nc-ci~ht,r of the
Fr%irc population. The town has . pop
NlatioE Of sixteen hundred. The court of
taat resort is Il council of twelve, elected
by the una.
TE2 town, Sr capital, is curious in
Baorc Ways than ono Not only docs it
BIC irnprCGnnblo on tho hillsidcs, but it
proudly proclnims its independence by
nicans Of n statue of Liberty in tho
Riazza. The houses nrc of drcsscdstonc.
and tho streets, bobbing up and down
as t!scy 40, arc chariningly picturesque.