The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1891-05-23
POPE LEO'S ENCYCLICAL.
TIE TEXT OF THE LONG DoCU-
MENT MADE PUBLIC.


Much Space Devoted to the Relations
OF Labor and Capital-The Extent to
Which the Government Should Inter-
vene Def1ned-Mutusl Benefit Asso-
Citations Endorsed.
ROME. May 22.-The full text Of the
popes encyolical has appeared. In his ex-
ordium the pope dilAtes upon the task which
he has set himself in defining for the guild
ance Of the church its position toward
existing social questions. His holiness refers
to the pressing importance Of the matter
and the difficulty in dealing with it aris-
ing from its complex charac-
ter, owing to numerous concurrent
factors requiring consideration, yet he says
solution can be obtained by applying the
eternal principles upon which the teachings
of the church are always based. Now, as
ever, mems relations to each other as fndi-
viduals or parts of society must have the
sanction of the old authority.
WHERE THE LAW MAY BE FOUND.
The law il stated in Deuteronomy ill.,, 81.
The divine law, therefore, rejects the So
cialist solution OF social problems, which
would abolish private property substituting
collective and common ownership. Pro-
ceeding to consider the relations Of the state
to individuals the pope says: 'To think
that the authority Of the state
ought arbitrarily to invade the
family intimacy is great and
pernicious error. Undoubtedly it can in
tervene when the condition Of the family is
too disastrous, but only to alleviate it and
10 safeguard the rights and interests of
public power without violating the rights
of individuals. To 60 beyond these limits
would violate the nature of things. The
state should not destroy nor absorb paternal
power to conciliate the rights of the capi.
talist and of the proletariat. We affirm
unhesitatingly that human efforts are i'm
potent without the concurrence of the
church"
LONG DEMONSTRATION.
A long demonstration follows, recalling
all that the church has done to better the lot
OF the proletariat. The pope says: IA
capital error is to believe that the rich and
the proletariat are condemned by nature
to battle and duel without end.
One has need of the other. Cap
ital is powerless without work and
workmen are powerless without capital.
The proletariat cannot and ought not to
injure either capital or the masters, but in
order to obtain respect for their rights they
Luuab hOhl1Au lIOu VlOlchSc 1u6N Oukub
not to haze recourse to recriminations, nor
to listen to the seditious promises OF agi-
tators. On the other hand the masters
ought to respect the individuality and dig
nity of man and the Christian in workmen
and not abuse them inhumanly in their
work nor exploit them beyond their
forces.
MONEY FROM MISERY.
"Let the masters remember that the
divine and human law forbid them to draw
profits from the misery of the poor. But,
besides religious methods, IL is necessary
that there should be corporation Of human
means. The state ought to favor the pros
perity of society as much as of
individuals. 1t is to watch over the
purity, morals and interior order of
families, safe-keeping religion, justice and
moderation and equitable division of public
charges, all of which contribute largely to
the amelioration of the conditions of the
proletariat. The larger this general pros
perity the less will workers seek recourse to
exceptional means to ameliorate their con-
ditions.
EQUAL RIGHTS as CITIZENS.
"The proletarians have the same right as
citizens as the rich, consequently they have
the right to the same interest on the part OF
the state. The governments should care
fully observe their obligations in the dis
tribution of justice Absolute equality,
however. is chimera. Social hierarchies
are based on natural principles
The state ought to see that
conscientiously observed, and should oppose
anything that might cause popular passions.
Yielding TO unhealthy excitations would
provoke trouble and violence. Small wages
often give rise to strikes, disastrous not only
to workmen and their masters, but to the
general interests of commerce and public
industry. The governments ought TO pre-
vent an explosion of these crises.
SUNDAY REST.
"The moral dignity which is usual among
poor and rich exacts repose from work on
certain days. The state ought to care for
workmen and not let them become the prey
of Spectators and usurers who are seeking
to abuse their wants in order to obtain ex-
cessive and dishonest profits. A mans
work should not go TO such an extent that
he is forced to suocumb under an excess of
corporal fatigue. Everybodys physical
forces are limited and humanity forbids
that they should be exceeded. Consequent
ly, expediency is shown in certain llmita,
ton Of working hours, which shouldibe in-
terrupted bya period Of repose, varying
according to the conditions of the time,
place, public health aud nature Of the work.
THE QUESTION OF WAGES.
"The question Of wages ia especially deli
cate. Justice exacts that an agreed salary
should be paid. At the same time the agree
ments entered into by workmen ought to
be respected. The state should see that
these reciprocal obligations are executed.
An element of the question is that the
workman ought to lie able with his sal.
ary to provide the necessities of
life. III all these questions it is
essential that the state representatives
should not intervene inconsiderately. It
will suffice to reserve examination of these
points to the judgment of associations Ia
order to safeguard the interests of both
employers aud employed. The tutelage
and authority of the state ought to inter
vene only as much as the general interests
demand.
MULTIPLICITY OF INTERESTS.
"Great social advantage lies in laws which
favor multiplicity Of properties. These are
the best means TO prevent opposition be-
tween extreme riches and extreme poverty
I,,N -