davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
A Point In Corn Culture.

A great deal of injury is done to corn
by deep, close culture with the double
shovel plow or any other implement that
sewers or greatly disturbs the roots
Flowing deep and close to the hills is
harmful at any time, but especially late
in the season, as the larger roots devel-
oped late and those which originated
earlier in the growth of the plants are
cut or pulled off. To ascertain the ex-
tent of the damage from such cultiva-
ton trial was made at the Minnesota
experiment station. Rows Of corn were
thoroughly root pruned to the depth of
six inches and at the same distance
from the hills on all four sides The first
root emitting was done when the plants
were seven inches high and the second
when at height Of fifteen inches. The
effect on the growth of tle corn was
very marked. Contrasted with similar
rows adjacent not root pruned the aver
age difference in yield was thirteen and
half bushels of corn and one-quarter
ton of fodder per acre against disturb
ing the roots. In another experiment,
made just rs the corn was 'laid by"
root pruning at the distance Of eight
inches from the hills lowered the yield
three bushels to the acre. At this stage
of their growth killing up four inches
around the plants with the hoe had no
apparent effect.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

BY removing superfuous water from
the soil way is made for the air to aid
in decomposing the organic substances,
which become the food of the plants,
and ingredients which are hurtful to
plant growth, and which cannot other
wise be removed, are carried OF by rain.
Not only does the removal of extra
moisture make the land drier, but it
allows the soil to have the full benefit Of
the suns heat, rendering it warm and
congenial to plant growth and ready to
benefit by the least shower of rain, at
the same time raising the temperature
of the surrounding atmosphere. Drain
ing also makes soil of stiff or tenacious
nature more friable and better prepared
to receive the fb-ous rootlets of plants.
and by the action of the atmosphere
hard pans or crusts are broken and pull
verified, 50 that the roots may enter
them, result which could not other
wise be obtained without subsoiling or
trenching
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
FARM AND GARDEN.
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS or
COUNTRY READERS.

The New Barn of One of Ohio's Fore
most Farmers Briefly Described, with
the Aid of Appropriate Illustrations.
by Rural New Yorker.
John Gould's new barn is of more in
terest to the public than are barns in
general, because Mr.. Gould is well
known as a progressive man, and likely,
therefore, to afford valuable suggestions
in ) various ventures.
The general appearance of this barn
is indicated in the first cut. By refer
ence to the basement plan Gig. q it will
be seen that the stable for the cows is in
the ell, and the silos and box stalls In
the upright building. The silos, %
feet deep, reach the roof of the up
right, bnt the silo doors allow the silage
to fall to the basement floor on the same
level as the COW stalls. The barn and
the addition are utilized overhead for
storing hay, straw, etc. The stables for
the cows are wide and roomy, and pro-
vided with II windows, which make
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

The necessity for leaving bees undis-
turbed as far as possible during the sea-
son in which they cannot gather honey
or pollen is not understood by beginners
as well as it ought TO be. Quinby ad-
vised many years ago what most modern
beekeepers now practice. He said: "If
it were not that an occasional examina-
ton is needed to see that rats or mice
have not effected an entrance or to ascer-
tain if the room is not unduly damp
would advise locking the door of the
wintering apartment. and not opening it
till spring; but l advise making these
examinations and all needed changes as
quietly and as seldom as possible. All
ventilators should be so arranged as to
be regulated from the outside, and means
for ascertaining the temperature, with
out entering the room for the purpose,
should be provided"
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

A Missouri correspondent in The New
York World says: Clover and n1illet
make good kinds Of hay TO feed sheep
during the winter. When corn Is fed it
should be shelled and put into tight
troughs to prevent beng wasted. 1t is
better in feeding sheep 10 give small ra-
tons at time, just what they viii eat
up clean in few minutes, and feed often
than to give so much at once that they
will scatter and waste it. They are more
wasteful of both grain and hay than any
other class of stock unless care is taken
to prevent it. They should have no
more grain than they will eat in ten
minutes, and should finish their hay OF
fodder inside of half an hour. Besides
the grain troughs sacks should be pro
vided for the hay or fodder, so as to keep
them from getting it under their feet.
1t is very important that they should be
provided with comfortable, dry quarters,
where they can be sheltered from storms,
but they should be allowed to run out
during pleasant days.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
Notes.

To present cheese in perfection a gro
Ger should not buy too much of it at
time. as ii is aps 20 get hard and stale
on his hands. Two weeks supply a
once should be the limit. while ON,
weeks is still better. the cheese is bet
ter kept in the stall, cool room of Che
maker than anywhere else till it j,
ready to bc eaten.
Remember this: 1t does not pay t.
feed heavily scrub COW for milk wher
you can get one Of wen known mill
breed for moderate price nowadays
The blo0ded mixer eats no more than
the proGtless beast.
The internal revenue receipts from
olcomargaSine had steep fan in the
past year. The main reason is said to
be that real butter has been so chear
and plentiful. Another reason is that
the dairy states have forced thor legis-
latures to pass such stiff restrictive Laws
that the oieo article has almost been
driven from tho market in some of them.
A favorite law in some of the states is
one compelling makers of oleomargarine
to tint it a beautiful pink color
The Minnesota agricultural expert
ment station has found that by washing
butter in the granular state with brine
the full amount of salt is incorporated
with the butter
Field and Farm asks its readers if it
ever occurred to them that milking a
cow without first wetting her teats will
cause her milk to leak from tine teats.
Some lots of butter were shipped from
Australia to London, and reached their
destination when the butter was two
months old. It was found to be in good
condition. and brought a fine price.
Those who shipped it from Australia
claim that it was prepared by mixing
with it some ''preservative" along with
the salt, and this was what kept it in
prime condition. What is this preserva-
tive, and is it any sort of poison, either
quick or slow? IF butter is kept suffi-
GENTLY cold it viii remain in good CON
dition an indefinite time.
Dairy and farm butter should be sold
directly to consumers to be profitable.
There are a few tolerably sure signs
of a poor butter maker. He never is
seen at dairy conventions OF butter
schools, and he never takes a paper. He
makes greasy butter in summer and
''woozy" butter in winter. And you
would be apt even to catch him smoking
close to the milk and butter.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
INC Best ouaIlty or Bacon.

The best quality of bacon cannot be
made of meat that is not well drained of
its blood, says American Agriculturist.
Meat that is intended for the best quail
ity of bacon should be thoroughly bled,
and butchering. by which act the main
artery is cut, does this in the most eff
fectual and speedy way. 1t rids the
meat of the largest percentage of blood,
and leaves it in that condition that is
best for curing and keeping well.
Herein lies a defect. and a serious one,
in much of the ordinary bacon and salt
pork of the day. 1t is not Invested of
its blood. In fact, it is no doubt the aim
with most packers to retain the blood
in order to have the meat weigh heavier.
This practice. opposed as it certainly is
to both Scripture and sound hygienic
rules, cannot be too severely condemned.
The old Jewish law strictly forbids the
eating of blood, and doubtless some of
the diseases and ills of mankind at the
present day might be traced to the blood
retained in the flesh wien slaughteringl
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

Turkeys have the name of being deli
cate and difficult To raise, in consequence
of which they are not often kept where
they might be with advantage. In a
suitable place turkeys are among the
most profitable Of all domestic poultry
They are undoubtedly -felicste if kept
on damp soil. but where the ground is
dry and the position not too exposed
they win do well. A necessity to secur-
ing success is the provision of shelter for
the young birds during that critical
period known as shooting the red I"
When about two months old, however,
the chicks are rs hardy as other fowls,
and can brave the weather without in
jury. The prices obtained for prime
turkeys and the heavy weights to which
they can be forced to grow render thein
exceedingly profitable, and well repay
the extra care attendant on the chicks
during the first two months OF their lives.
The varieties Of turkeys recognized by
the American standard of perfection are
bronze. Hsrragaasett, buff, slate. black
and white. The black turkey approaches
most nearly to the wild bird, but fattens
more readily. The bronze. which most
closely resembles the wild bird in color,
is the most rapid in growth, quickest to
fatten. and. according to some authori-
ties, the heaviest of ALL The Narragan-
sets and whites are the most domestic.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15


The supply of manure may be easily
doubled by gathering up the wastes of
the barn yard and the swamps and other
coarse matters, which are increased in
value by mixture with the manure in
the yards, or by composing with lime.
Abundance of absorbent matters are re-
quired to hold the liquid manure and
prevent waste of it. The best of all alb
sorbents is dry swamp muck. 1t will
hold twice its weight of liquid, and, II
properly used, saves the almost unavoid-
able loss of the liquid manure which will
occur under the most careful manage
ment without the use of plenty of alb
sorbents. Thousands of farmers pur-
chase costly fertilizers who might by
little foresight and labor gather as much
fertilizing matter in the fall and prepare
it for use through the winter as would
amount in value to the cost of the fertil-
izers they buy every year.-American
Agriculturist.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
FARM AND GARDEN.
AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION OF M
TEREST TO RURAL READERS.

POULTRY House Described which After
Several Years Trial Is Recommended
as Combining More Advantages Than
Do Some of the Elaborate Structures.
The home made poultry house depicted
is described as follows by Prairie Farmer:
The main building is IA or 10 feet long
and 81 feet wide. Front post s feet high,
rear posts feet high. The floor is u
feet from ground, above which is a drop
door, running the entire length OF the
building. 18 inches wide. Eighteen inch
es below the roof is the window, which
is made by using two pieces of s-lnch
ceiling. placed or 10 inches apart. with
the panes of glass slid into the grooves
They should be placed close together in
winter, but in summer can be slid few
inches apart to admit air A few Stats
should be nailed back of them to pre-
vent accidents from domestic evictions.
The roosts are 3 feet above the floor,
IS or 20 inches apart, and are secured
at the ends by nails. The laying room
is attached to the north end, which
affords a double protection to the
department. besides being very
for Il storeroom. Its advan-
tages are that in gathering eggs or look
ing alter '.sitters" you are in "A clean
room, and do not have TO disturb the re-
nainder of the flock This part may be
made 10 feet long and 8 feet wide, ex-
tending it several feet in front of main
building, to serve as wind break. The
furniture consists of anything at hand
old boxes, half barrels. etc. In the
basement is the winter feeding place.
1t is protection during rain and storm.
By putting in Slated partitions you
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
snrIng puIndIlng on nees.

At the annual meeting Of the Inter
national Beekeepers association the ques-
ton was asked, As spring dwindling
greater when bees are wintered inside
than out Of doorsg" \. |. Root said
that when the bees were wintcrcd out of
doors and had chance to fly every
month they came out stronger and We're
better able to go through April G. R.
Root thought that the loss from spring
dwindling was greater when wintering
indoors. rs the bees in the cellar were
often suffering from the temperature
being too hot or too coda matter over
which the beekeeper had but little con-
troll John Nau said that in severe
winters the bees wintered better indoors,
in mild winters out of doors. He did
not put his bees in the cellar unless the
temperature got very low early in the
winter. r. Mcknight had wintered both
WAYS for about ten years. and found that
they dwindled more when wintered in
the cellar. lie thought the cause was
the lack Of proper ventilation to the
cellar. lie thought the weak looking
of the bees wintered in the
cellar was due 20 their i'll health, owing
to the lack of pure air during the con-
fnement. He thought, however, that in
hard winters cellar wintering could be
carried on with less loss than outdoor
wintering.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

Wood is invariably bought and sold
by the cord, the purchaser STIMULATING
that it shall be "body wood that is, ex-
elusive Of limb wood" The only rea-
son for this is body wood packs closer,
and there is from one-fourth to one-third
more weight in certain bulk of it. On
this account much of the limb wood is
not trimmed out, but goes into the brush
pile and is wasted, says a contributor to
The New York Tribune. Round wood
will burn longer in a stove than split
wood. because flames cannot so readily
attack the grain of the timber. and con-
sequently is more valuable. Were wood
sold by weight the branches would find
as ready market as the body. l once
saw a table of weights of cord of vari-
GUS kinds of wood, both dry and green.
If somebody would publish it they would
do good thereby. The weight of cord
of green and cord of dry maple or beach
would be something Of guide There
is deceit sometimes in the way the seller
ranks up wood. Purchasing by the cord
is vague and unsatisfactory; weighing
would suit both sides.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

Virginia's peanut crop is estimated at
5000, 900 bushels.
The woods in Maine furnish large
percentage of the Christmas trees for
New York state.
The increased fund provided by the
new Morrill, bill will be used at the Iowa
college to maintain dairy school.
The English Shropshire association Of
fers prize of 1886 for the best Shrop-
shire sheep exhibited at the Worlds fair.
The Belgian breed of draft horses
attracted attention at the late American
horse show at Chicago for their uni
formity of type and excellent quality.
Some of our progressive farmers have
tried covered barnyards with financial
success; others do not report so favor
ably on them.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

them as light and sunny as day itself.
Two cows are chained in each of them
in 6 feet inch stalls. There is n
matched floor over the COW stalls, and 8
feet above the floor, and 10 small ven
tilators carry off all bad air. The big
iron tank on the basement floor holds
water for four days drinking, and is
supplied from a rock well, and a tenn
perature of about 30 dogs. is maintained.
The addition to the barn, 40 by 81
feet with IS foot posts, is balloon built
frame, with self suppo; ing roof, and
was built ready to be painted for $3.50,
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
Maintaining the Fertility of the Farm.

Maintaining the Fertility of the Farm.
In an address before one of the New
York farmers institutes Secretary Wood
ward had the following to say on main
tanning fertility Of the soil:
Rotation will not save land. 1t puts
off tho calamity of exhaustion. 1t simply
equaliEes the ratio Of exhaustion. 1t is
said 't1llsge is manure Tillage does not
add any manure 1t works it ont faster.
Weeds are better than bare land Sum-
mer following is very expensive proc
ess. | had rather grow weeds and pillow
them under. 1t would be better for the
land. Bare land loses its ammonia. Sow
rye in the corn to conserve the fertility.
Naked earth is losing earth How shall
we make fertility? We can do it by the
plrchase of commercial fertilizers; but
this system is too costly, unless for special
crops. Another way is by means of stable
manure. Il have" Mr.. Woodward said,
"banished the word barnyard from my
vocabulary. A barnyard is a nuisance.
My stable manure paid me last winter,
by feeding stock, over 81 load profit
over and above all it cost. buy cotton
seed and linseed meal, middlings and
bran, and my manure comes from these
foods fed to animals. BY this system the
farm Is getting richer all the time"
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

There have always been two classes of
extremists in the matter Of theories Of
breeding. One class has held the idea
of securing perfect lineage regardless of
any other consi leration. The other has
sought perfect model with altogether
too slight regard of the importance Of
line breeding. The fallacy of both theo-
ries has been well demonstrated in the
history Of several prominent breeds of
stock. and the common sense Of today,
based upon the developments Of the in
dustry in the last hundred years, deter
mines that the true theory is the mean
between these two. Lineage should be
as nearly perfect as possible, and still it
cannot be safely sought at the expense
of physical qualities. These qualities,
too, cannot be perpetuated. let the excel
lences be what they may. without the
aid OF pure blood rs "a means of securing
fxity Of type. In the revival of the
breeding industry to which intelligent
stockmen everywhere are looking for
ward we believe that those who occupy
a medium ground viii lead in their
business. National Dairyman.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
what Horse would Say Could He Speak

what a Horse Would Say Could He Speak.
Don't hitch me to an iron post or rail
ing when the mercury is below freezing.
Don't compel me to eat more salt than
| want by mixing it in my oats. know
better than any other animal how much
need.
Don't think because l go free under
the whip that | don't get tired.
Don't think because / am a horse that
iron weeds and briars won't hurt my hay.
Don't whip me when get frightened
along the road, or | will expect it next
time and maybe make trouble.
Don't trot me up hill, for | have to
carry you and the buggy aud myself too.
Don't keep :ny stable very dark, for
when go out into the light my eyes are
injured, especially if snow be on the
ground.
Don't say whoa" unless you mean it.
Teach me to stop at that word.
Don't make me drink ice cold water
nor put frosty bit in my mouth. Warm
the bit by holding it a half minute
against my body.
Don't forget to file my teeth when
they get jagged and cannot chew my
food. When get lean it is sign that
my teeth want fling.
Don't ask me to back with blinds
on. am afraid TO.
Don't run me down steep hill, for if
anything should give way might break
your neck.
Don't put on my blind bride so that it
irritates my eye. OF so leave my forelock
that it will be in my eyes.
Don't be so careless of my harness as to
find great sore on me before You at
tend to it.
Don't lend me to some blockhead that
has less sense than have.-Farm Jour
nal
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
CONVENIENT HOME MADE POULTRY HOUSE

CONVENIENT HOME MADE POULTRY HOUSE
have a Jail for surplus sitters, also a
place to coEfne mothers with brood,
which when old enough can go upstairs
to roost. The droppings can be taken
out at the drop door. All you have to
do is 10 raise il. and with hoe rake out
the manure into wheelbarow, replace
straw, litter or dry earth. and you will
find it pleasure to take care of your
poultry.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
A USEFUL TOOL.

Continuance Especially Designed for
Destroying Purslane.
A correspondent writing for the bene-
fit of Popular Gardening says in regard
to the tool shown in the cut:
l built it for use in eradicating purs-
lane. The one / made is for use In my
grape nursery, where the rows are eight
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
rLAN or mopERN nARNs.

and is a thoroughly wei built barn in
every respect. The walls of this part
are of matched lumber, doubled, with
tarred paper between, and it never
freezes in the stable, the temperature
there being rarely below 40 degs.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
TOOL FOR DESTROYING PURsLANE-

cen to twenty inches apart. Where rows
are farther apart it would have to be
larger This tool has much the look OF
a cultivator at work, with the ends re-
versed. In using it we let the weeds get
large enough to pull nicely from in the
row, cultivate with common horse or
hand cultivator, following with the tool
described, and if the rows are not too
long it will clean them perfectly. If 1t
should be necessary to unload before
getting to the end of the row lift the tool
without stopping the horse; this leaves
it in bunch, when it can be carried
from the field if desired, though it will
nearly all die in the pile. For the teeth
use round iron one-haf or five-eighths
inch. Have the teeth about three inches
apart and one in the center behind. l
cut the iron for teeth about fourteen
inches.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

Io III6 IIftIlNI tIIu
of the strap. The second cut shows
what is needed at butchering time. 1t
is explained as follows by The Philadel-
phia Farm Journal. authority for the
foregoing: 1t is large. firmly set post,
with two stout oak or hickory poles put
through auger holes near the top. A
good idea and no mistake. One post viii
hold the entire hog crop of some farmers,
and serve equally well to hang up the
carcass Of sheep or calf. When not
needed for such purposes the boys can
use it for gymnasium.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
A Word About Incubators.

If an incubator is to be used, and es-
pecially if very early broilers are to be
raised, says The Republic, arrangements
ought TO be made as soon as posi-
bic so as to secure both the incubator
and brooder and have on hand ready for
use. While an incubator he's one ad-
vantage in being always ready for ser
vice, yet it requires more care than hens,
and unless you are willing to put in
some time every day in attending to it
the better plan is to stick to hens.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

A hole in the stock shelter lets feed
through just as truly as does a hole in
the granary.
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15
THINGS WORTH KNOWING.

How to Tie the Halter .strap-A Goa
venience at Butchering Time.
How best TO tie the halter strap or rope
or whatever it may be is shown in the
two figures of the first cut. Fig. il
Herald and news. [volume] (West Randolph, Vt.) 1878-1943, 1891-01-15

draw it through
as far as possible.
The horse cannot
possibly get this
knot open, and
the harder h 9
pulls the safer
the knot. To I'M
tie the knot draw
B from the loop,
and then a sharp
pull on B will
open the knot. A