The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1890-04-10
OUR RURAL TOPICS,
Some Practical 'SusgeStiOns for Our
Agricultural Readers
SPRAYING TILE. ORCHARD.

SPRAYING THE, ORCHARD.
The question, "Wf1i continuous spraying
benefit the apple ORCHARD" was asked ut the
meeting of the horticultural Society of Michi-
gan, recently aud Prof. H. s. Golf answered by
saying that in western New York orchardsts
commenced s0mo years ago to spray with Lon
don purple, and had pretty well exterminated
the codling moth and other insects. They were
confident that it was highly beneficial. The
question of destroying apple scab had also re-
ceiycd much attention, with the hope that they
might also destroy that insect by spraying, thus
accomplishing two purposes with one operation.
Careful experiments had also been continued
this year IN the orchard of A. A.. Hatch, at
Ithaca, and he thought safe and sure prevent
i've of apple scah had been found The formula
is an ounce of carbonate Of copper dissolved in
a quart of ammonia and diluted 100 times with
water. Spraying tho trees with this solution
practically prevented tho scab. Fruit pro-
duced on trees thus sprayed was so free from
scab that 70 per cent. of it was marketable,
while that on trees not sprayed gave but small
proportion of marketable fruit. The spraying
should commence about the time the blossoms
fall and be repeated once in two weeks until
six or seven applications have been made. To
do this properly would not cost more than 10
cents per tree, to spray both for scab and the
codling moth both mixtures being applied at
once.
GRANULAR BUTTER.
Some people suppose that there Is n peculiar
method used in making granular butter, when
tho fact is that all the butter made is granular
butter at one stage OF its manu- actuTe, but the
churn is not stopped at the right time and tho
butter passes from the granular to the gathered
or lumpy state.
In making granular butter the churn must
be stopped when the butter glObules are about
the size of clover seed ormay be little larger;
some churu till they are the size of grains Of
wheat. When butter first comes" so that it is
visible rs butter. it looks like yellow cornmeal;
ut this stage If the churning is stopped, il is
doubtful If all tho butter will be secured, as it
is not certain that it has all broken-at any
ratio some of il is in such minute grains that
even fine srainer will not save them, and the
buttermiik after it is drawn or will in few
minutes show yellow coating of butter; this
is a needless loss, and may be prevented by
churning little longer until the grains are
large enough to bo all saved.
The butter globules in tho cream are invisi-
bic TO the naked eye and when they begin to
unto aud can he seen we say the butter has
come; now the longer wo churn the larger
the globules or grains become, and the object
of making the so-called granular butter Is to
get all the butter and have it in such shape that
the buttcrmik can no separated from It, and
the smaller the grains tho better and more per-
fcctly can we rid them of the adhcring butter
milk. II the butter is gathered in the chusn
before the buttcrmiIk Is drawn off and the but
ter washed, the grains ia uniting 20 form Jumps
being coated with buttornilk, tho latter is
Incorporated in the Jumps, and no after treat
mcnt will entirely free IL from the butter with
out iniuring the qusiity Of the butter; but IL
while in the granular state 10 Is washed with
pure water or brine the buttcrmilk il all
washed Of. and the batter has only it's own
flavor and its grain is perfectly preserved.
So. while all butter is ut one stage OF It's
process Of manufacture granular butter what
is known AS granular batter is that which
Is freed from butlorthilk before it is gathered
into Jumps. either in the churn or butter
worker. National si9rtzaaH.
WHEAT roo STOCK.
Two snbgcrihrrs Of tho Orange Judd Farmer
have inquired about feeding wheat TO horses
aud dairy cows For thesa aud others inter-
e5Iei. Prof ". 4. Henry. Director Of the Wis
consin Agricultural Experiment Station. Madi-
gon, writes: without doubt wheat is the
strongest Of all tho grain foods we have, but be-
cause OF It's extensive usu by mankind it is
rarely fed TO stock. Just now in some places
ia the West. however, wheat brings but little
more per pound than oats. In this case il is
wise to feed 1t; for every bushel fed relieves
the market just so much. aud Is put 10 a good
purpose. 1t Is very rich feed, aud when
ground into fine -four IL is apt TO mako pasty
doughty mass IN the stomach not easily acted
upun by the digestive fluids. To avoid this ii
should bG mixed with some dtlutant rs wheat
bran, ground oats. even cuTHmeal; 10 can
also be satisfactorily fCg upon wet cut hay. |
think IL vii! bo found highly nd yantagcous to
reduce tho wheat by rolling instead OF grind
Ing. Rolled barley is a very popular horse feed
on tho Pacific Coast, where II is never ground.
Rolled wheat will prove admirable for all kinds
Of stock. and will be moro easily digested |
think, than when converted into "a noury mass.
VALUE or CLOVER.
Clover Is one Of the most valuable plants the
farmer raises. 10 draws from the atmosphere
rich stores of fertility. The clover plant is
close feeder, sending its many roots deep
down into the soil, where from tho stores OF
mineral food II draws rich supplies. II fills the
subsoll yith It's roots, thus opening the way for
other plnnts 10 send their roots downward. by
means OF its thick, dense foliage 10 keeps the
soil shaded and very largely prevents evapora-
ti0n, which is source Of robbery 10 the soil.
Glover grows vigorously throughout tho season,
and thus husbands the nitratcs of the soil rs
they form, which being geTy soluble will wash
| out Of the soil unless they arc appropriated
soon after formation. This Is reason why
clover is so important an agent of fertilization,
and forms one of the best of the green manures
| Glover seems TO possess the very valuable
| property Of preparing the soil for the produo-
| ton Of other crops In reality only small
| part Of the crop is removed. the roots being
left in the SOIL Germantown Telegraph
NOTES
--Remember that good garden is the best
| paying patch on the farm.
Sow lettuce in rows 10 inches apart and
when IL is we'll started, grow radishes between.
The colts feet sh0nd be trimmed every
| two or three months aud all Irregularities In
! growth prevented.
| Use salt MS fertilizer at the rate of about
| ono barrel 10 the acre. In some cases double
! this amount rs a top-drcsaing would he better
In buying poultry for breeding purposes go
| TO some reliable breeder who has his reputation
mt stake. 1t may cost a little more for the
birds, but the buyer can depend on what he
| gets. Culls arc expensive at any price.
| "A correspondence the Farmers Ciab Jour
| nal says he filed an old basket with the bot
tom partly out with scraps from the meat mar
| ket, and hung it up in his coop where the
| youngest chickens were confined. The blow
| flies had q regular barbecue over IL, and in IL
hours from the time the basket was hung up
| the little maRgot5 were dropping from the bot.
| tom in small shower The chickens feast on