Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1890-08-18
ONE GENT
COMPETING wI1u JACK rnosr.
now Artificial leo 1. Made-Enlargine
the Manafsactories.

Low Artificial leo ks MAdS-En EnaArgtnG
the Man1factories.
An impetus has been given to the man
ufacture of artificial ice all over the
country by the recent advance in the
price of the natural product. New plants
are starting up here and there and old
ones are being redoubled and trebled in
capacity. Improvements in ice making
machinery have made rapid strides every
year, increasing the yield, lessening the
cost, and cheapening the article. 1t las
been upward of 30 years since the prin-
ciples involved came into practical and
commercial use, and the near future
will see the time when conditions will
be changed and the dealers in natural
ice will be struggling 60 compete with
the great cold crystal blocks, the product
of mans ingenuity. In fact, the threat.
ening attitude of the ice machine now
holds sweeping monopoly at bay and
stands between a gigantic ice trust and
consumers of the frozen fluid. Ice COM
panies are watching the progress OF ice
making with fear, and the company
that maintains its old prices as far as
possible will be wise in its day and gem
Grafton.
In order to understand the operation
of ice making by machinery it is neces-
sary to comprehend some of the well
established phenomena of heat in its re-
lation TO gases, fluids and solids. Air,
for instance, is the most common of
gases, and, as is well known, becomes
heated when compressed. In this COM
pressed state it's heat can be more readily
removed than when in its normal de-
gree of expansion. Then, again, when
allowed to re-expand it is in condition to
absorb large amount of heat from any
solid or fluid with which it is brought in
contact. Hence, simple method OF
freezing is produced by compre sed air.
Thus, say three cubic feet Of air at the
normal pressure of 1900 pounds per
square inch, with temperature of 75
degrees Fahrenheit, when compressed to
one cubic foot will show temperature
of about 225 degrees Fahrenheit. After
it has been allowed to cool sufficiently
to regain its normal temperature of rs
degrees Fahrenheit it may be allowed to
re-expand to the original three cubic
feet, when its temperature will fall to
90 degrees Fahrenheit-be below freezing--
and If permitted to lead into a receiver
containing water the heat of the water
will be drawn to the air, and If the
volume of water is not too large it will
soon be frozen in consequence. OF
course a greater degree of compression
will cause correspondingly lower tenn
perature in the re-expan ling air and
effect a larger body of water proper
tionately.
There are other gases, however, which
are far greater refrigerating agents than
air; hence the employment Of ammonia
and other chemicals by the various proc
esses covered by patents. The basis of
all operations, however, is tie heating of
gases by compression, as in the case Of
atmospheric air, and allowing it first to
cool and then TO re-expand. This calls
for very powerful compression machin-
cry, a cooling reservoir capable of sus-
tanning a tremendous pressure, and proper
conduits for the protection of the ex-
panded air and very cold ga.
The plants for manufacturing ice In
Washington, Baltimore, Richmond, and
Petersburg are being largely extended
i'm capacity. Tie Baltimore company
will soon have f6 new tanks in opera
ton. These new tanks will each make
block Of ice measuring II by % by "a
inches, weighing 800 pounds.
The Petersburg factory turned out
80, 600 pounds daily last year 1t is now
putting 10000 pounds daily on the
market, and estimates have been made
for machinery to add still another 1O0,-
600 daily. Verify it is an i'll ice famine
that blows no one good.
Sir Isaac Newton's Tooth Sold for e3,65O.
A whole page could be filed withsta
ments of fabulous prices paid by the
relic worshipers The hat worn by Ma
poleon at Eylan was sold in Paris in 1885
| for S40O. The coat worn by Charles XII
at the battle of Pultowa brought over
500, 900. A wig that once belonged to
Sterne, the great English writer, was
sold at public auction in London few
years ago for 81, ,050. In 1916 tooth of
Sir Isaac Newton was purchased by
nobleman for So, $50. The buyer had
costly diamond removed from his favor
ite ring and the tooth set in its place.
[St Louis Republic.
/