davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
A Barbarous jury Custom.

Altered circumstances, resulting from
the march OF progress and the development
| of civilization, should result in appropri.
ate changes of legislation. Only in the
matter of the administration of the law dc
| we stand still. We have given up the
barbarous practice OF subjecting jurors
| while celebrating, to hunger, thirst and
cold why not give up that other relic OF
barbarism, the senseless rule of unanim-
ity?
The propriety of the rule of unanimity
has been subject of grave doubt for more
than century. Emlyn, as early as 1870,
in his preface to the second edition OF
HowelPs Estate Trials" makes an eloquent
appeal for the abolition of the rule. Hal
lam, in the supplemental notes TO his
Middle Ages" designates it "a preposter-
Gus relic of barbarism." The English
Common Law Commissioners of 1881 con-
denim the rule in very positive language,
and propose that the jury shall not be
kept in deliberation longer than twelve
hours, unless at the end of that period
they unanimously agree to apply for fur
Their time; and that at the expiration of
twelve hours, or of such prolonged time for
deliberation, if nine of them concur in a
verdict it shall be taken.
DR.. Francis Lieber, in his "Civil Lib
erty and Self-Government," and more par
ticularly in an article in the american
Law Register" for 1867, is outspoken in
his condemnation of the practice of re-
quiring unanimous verdicts. Bentham, in
his Essay on the Art of Packing Juries,"
says it could not have been the work of
calm reflection, working by the light of
experience, and calls it mo less extraordi-
nary than barbarous." Judge Cooley, in
his edition of Blackstone, characterizes it
as 'repugnant to all experience of human
conduct, passion, and understanding" and
further says that sit could hardly in any
age have been introduced into practice by
deliberate act of the Legislature" Ex-
Governor Koerner, of Illinois, calls it "the
illogical unanimity system, which has be-
come great source of corruption and con-
sequent denial of justice" In 1876, Gov
ernor Carpenter, of Iowa, in a message to
the Legislature of that State, called it ian
antique absurdity which has too long fet-
tered the administration of justice" In
the same year, committee of the Wis
consin Legislature reported in favor OF
submitting to the people of that State a
constitutional amendment empowering a
less number than twelve to return yer.
dict. These few selected from innumera.
bic similar expressions will suffice to give
an idea of the development and strength
of the opposition to the iron rule of unan-
imity.-Sigmund Zeisier IN the Forum.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
ST. DAVlD'S,
IL ~
715 howard ST., near Third. San Franc

TO Howard ST., near Third, San Francisco,
4 FIRST-CLAsS LODGING HOTEL. CON.
n tanning 200 rooms, water and gas in each
room no better beds in the world /; no CUES
allowed to use the linen once used by another
8 large reading room I; hot and cold water bath
free. Price of rooms-Per night, 50 and rs cents
per week from 81 upwards. Open all night.
Il. HUGH sS, Proprietor
ss-At Marketstreet Ferry take Omnibus Line
OF street cars for Third and Howard. TT9u
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21

The power of the snake to charm was
demonstrated near Liteh6eld, Conn, the
other day. Miss Perkins and her brother
went out to gather arbutus and became
separated. Miss Perkins says she was
bending over TO pick some flowers and as
she tried to rise she saw an adder gazing
at her, She tried to run away, but could
not, and she was not even able to turn her
head. As her brother came up and shot
the snake, she says, she was growing dizzy.
1t was the fiathead adder, three feet in
length.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
ALIENS SPRINGS

rs LOCATED IN ONE oFTHE :
i most beautiful canyons in A%A ~
Lake county, with four of the MfKESSszsA.
best varieties of mineral water I'll IIIfalA&r
tages for rent. Daily mail and telegraph. The
Springs are reached by rail to Sites, on Colusa
Narrow gauge, thence by stage connection
same day. Ism d ]. STEVEAS, Manager.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21

Mr.. Hardhead-"So my old friend.
Jollyfello, is now living in your CITY p
Mr.. Goodfello-"Yes, indeed; been there
for some years. He's one of the most
popular men in town; no end of friends. y
Mr.. Hardhead (sadly)-"Then he still
drinks"-N. Y. Weekir.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
TIE IDEAL RESORT.

A PLACE FOR REST AND RECREATION.
n Removed from the skurry and hustle incl
dent to populous summering places. Pure
mountainous, resinous, exhilarating, health
giving atmosphere. Pleasure boating by row.
ing, sailing or steam launch. Trout fishing in
deep water or in dancing, babbling brooks,
amid cascades and pubbling rapids. The rarest
combination of marine and mountain advant-
ages Variety and picturesqueness of scenery
unexampled. All within the capacity of linn
tied means, yet selected by wealth as superior.
Quickly, cheaply and easily accessible.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21

by John B. Alder, New York, is at hand for
June 7th 1t is made up of cyclope lie
notes of men, countries, events, etc. that
serve to supplement the standard encyclo.
p;edias. Nv
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS.
The ELDRED, 1926 Sarkst Street,
SAN FPnNCISon

HAVING LOCATED AT THE ABOVE NUM-.
IL Der, and being DESTROYS of seeing my old
friends, as well as new, will add TO ALL WELL
dlsposedl that intend making this STRICTLY
A FAMILY HOUSE, and, with ample room so
10 do, shall, ss in the past, make MY HOME theirs
Very truly, MRS. H. ELDRED-EDELMAN
my2ilm
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
THE SADDLE ROCK
Restaurant and oyster Sous

ElRST-CLASS HOUSE IN EVERY RESPECT,
L Ladies Diaing-room separate. Open day
and night. BUCHANAN s, CARRAGHER Pro
prletors, l0l9 Second street, between and Z
Sacramento n
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
Rennoval Notice.

X u V GNI
rTSHANKING MY OLD PATRONS FOR PAST
1 favors, wish to inform them that have
removed my place of business TO 415 j street
north sioe, between Fourth and Fifth, where
will DE pleased to meet them and all new one
who may choose to call. Yours respectfully.
6. ROTH, Manufacturer of Har-
ness and Saddles. je11-tfSp
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21

SUFFERERS from coughs, sore throat, ETC.,
should try Browns Bronchial Troches.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
WESTERN HOTEL.
PACIFIC HOTEL,
Corner & and Fifth streets, Sacramento,

CENTRALLY LOCATED AND CONVENIENT
" to all places of amusement. The best fam
1y hotel IN the city. The Table always Supplied
from the Depot pass the door every five minutes,
Meals, 60 cents c. F. SINC5I FT1N Pronriafor
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21

FOR A FIRST-CLASS MEAL
GIALL AT THE GOLDEN EAGLE OYSTER
" AND CHOP HOUSE, GIG X street Open
day and night. Private rooms for ladies'
my13tf ADAM DAMN, Proprietor
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
One Day Trip for Overland Passengers

EAST BoUND-From Truckee to Tahoe City,
around west shore to Glenbrook, to Carson, to
Reno, Sc.
WEST BouND-From Reno to Carson, Glen
brook, the lake, Tahoe City and Truckee, SO.
Truckee to Tahoe City and return, 81.
OF
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
Sacramento Coffee House,

kOiK ST. BRANCH, 4a4 X ST. HOT
CHt Coffee, Iced Tea, Milk Etc, with Cake,
L oughnuts, sandwiches, ana other palatable
eatsbles mylS-tf1 E. PETERS, Prop,
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
Excursion Rates from Sacramento

To Tahoe City and return, S13 so; to Tahoe
City. around the lake and return SIG so; to
Tahoe City, around the lake 10 Glenbrook, and
return via Carson City and Reno, s.. = 10; from
Truckee to Tahoe City, around the lake and
return So,
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21

nor. TENTH AND K SITS, SACRAMENTO,
~ Board and room, 81, 81 25 and 81 so per
day. Meals, 25 cents Special rates for iani-
lies. Free bus to and from Hotel
WILSON & KINNEY, Props. apo-tf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-21
How TO Reach Tahoe.

Central Pacific Railroad to Truckee; break.
fast at Stewart McKay's Railroad Hotel; Moody's
daily stage line, fifteen miles, to Tahoe City;
steamers to all points around the lake.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
Results Of the Special Inquiry
Concerning the Race III This
Country.
Schedules Of 1O61e Families Tab
ulated and Comparisons 1Eade
for Five Years


WAsHrN0ToN, Dec. 26.-The division %
vital statistics Of the census once has prs-
pared bulletin Containing . suxnmasy az
the results Of the special inquiry con0ern-
ing Jews in this country. The inquiry ~
suited IN the return Of 1O,618 oonpletod
family schedules. embracing 60 O,6oO living
persons on the 31st day of Dscembos, 1e8D,
and in these families there had been 2.1l6
marriages, 6,O86 births and 2,O6a deaths dur
ing tho i've years ending with that date.
The social condition of the families ID In
dicated, to some extent, by the number Of
servants kept BY them, and a. about two
thirds are reported as keeping one OF moro
servants the families reported may; b. said
% be IN easy circumstances. The average
number of persons to each family
on Dec. 81, 1889, was k7l, and
the average annual number for the
hve years covered BY the statistics was k47:I
tne average annual number OF MARRIAGES
than the genera! rate, but "a, and tho avor-
age age at marriage greater than among The
general population. Low marriage rata
and increased average age ct marriage aro
the principal reasons for the low birth rata.
The deaths reported for the i've years oiye
an annual average death rate of I'll nor
l,OOO OF population; being about half Of the
average rate for the general population.
Contrasting birth and death rates for those
Of native born parents indicates that the
birth rate is Decreasing and death rate in
creasing with prolonged residenoe in this
country. but the general resulta indicate
that the Jews here retain many Of the
peculiarities which have been noted ANON.
them in Europe.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
rAN.AMERIcAN TRANSPORTATION.
Charter for Railroad to Central and
South America.

Charter for Railroad to Central and
South America.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 8.-The senate COM
mittee on commerce to-day gave q hearing
to +. l.. Dana, of Denver. Howell Jones, Of
Topeka, b. Clarke, Of Chicago, and A. r.
Chamberlain, of Des Moines, upon the bill
introduced by Cullom to incorporate the
Pan-American Transportation company.
These gentlemen appeared as u subcommit-
tee appointed by the interstate deep harbor
commission. They said the committee was
backed by 1b,OOO. coo people and was created
to look after the welfare of the west before
congrees, but especially to secure an ade-
quate appropriation from congress to build
deep water harbor on the. Texan coast.
The subcommittee was appointed with the
special object Of establishing lines OF
steamers between various ports Of tho Gulf
of Mexico and ports of Central and South
America. 1t was determined to apply to
congress for charter. The incorporators,
they said, were men Of wealth, with capital
exceeding 100000. The committee on
commerce has not yet taken action ON the
bill.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
MAMMOTH TREES,
Report of an Agent on the Groves of Cali.
4 I{EEt fOrnia Ginnta


Report Of an Agent ON the Groves of CALI
fOrnia GiAnts.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 26.-Andrew Caldwell.
special agent Of the general land Office, an
pointed to make investigation q to the
giant trees (sequoia gigantea) in the Stock
ton and Visalia land districts in California.
reports that in the Visalia distriot there ID
one small and one large. grove of aiant
trees. The latter is Q yiRQinsf forest and con-
ta'ns over 200 giant sequoias, ana many
more small trees. Some five* years 400
cooperative colony located about forty en-
tries in the neighborhood and are construct
ing road to this timber belt. The oolony.
u 10 asserted, numbers about coo members
and has recently engrafted the Bellamv
idea as its leading attraction.
There is danger, the agent believes.
that these people il unmolested viii
soon destroy this most wonderful and
perfect body of giRantea in the world. IN
a table giving the number and size Of trees
IN the groves visited only those fortv-6ve
Feet in circumference and more, measured
three feet from the ground, are classed ~
gigantac. OF these 2.675 were found: fortv-
four are over eighty feet in circumfersnce
and several are more than one hundred; ono
is Jos feet in circumference, or more than
tnMty-tve feet in diameter. Secrotarv
Noble has requested the eecretary II war 10
station q company of cavalry in Seuuoia
National park and another in the Yosemite
park to prevent depredations ON mammoth
tree groves. go
It is stated that the so-called Rallamv
colonists, who have in part perfected titls
70 the lands on which these trees stsnd.
nave expressed the purpose to hold their
claims In spite of all opposition.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
WANTS TO BUY ALASKA
Capt. Carroll Authorized to make =
for the TERRITORY.

Capt. Carroll Authorized to Make . Hid
for this Territory.
WASHINGTON. Dec. 26.-Capt. James Car
roll, of Sitka, who was chosen by the Alsska
convention to be territorial delegate Il
congress- should give Alaska representation.
is in the city, Talking to reporter for th,
Post. he said if representation il denied.
congress- should at least grant the othsr req
sonable requests Of the people Of Alaska.
He also spoke of proposition he was vii
ling to make on the part OF solid citixena 81
the country. If congress did not think
Alaska Of enough Importance to give IL s
system of Jurisprudence and all the facili.
ties and rights it had granted every othar
outlying settlement Of the government ~
was empowered to Offer the sum Of $4,000. !
UOO for the territory, and would pay II Over
IN xO gold pieces on the abort
est sort of notice. This Va
~ 10000 more than it cost, not to speak of
the big yearly profits the government had
taken Tor sealing privileges. The oder, Is
said. was bona tide, and he was sure if thoao
making the offer had complete ownernhin
whatever nag was raised they could secure
the blessing of popular government, mn
by the annoying defects Of The
present system, which worked useleas hartl-
ships and clogged development
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
A GREAT COUNCIL.
Inc National Indian Congress Assemblies
at Calcutta.

The National Indian Congress Assemblies
at Calcutta.
CALCUTTA, Dec. a6.-The National Indian
congress opened in this city to-day. One
thousand delegates were present, and 5000
persons in the audience. Among those
VINO attended were Messrs. Schwann and
Galn, members of the British house of
commons, rajahs and Mohammedan mobiles.
Advocate Chose, leading attorney Of the
high court, in an address describes the con-
9rsss as the saovitabis odtcome Of Cue gen
erous policy of the British government.
Mr. Mehta member of the Bombay legisla-
tive council. in the presidential address,
made declarations as to the locality of the
movement and its pacific aims. He said
the congress desired to assist the govern
ment in the work of social reform. Al
though the diverse nationalities of India
were not yet ripe for representative govern.
ment, yet the elective principle ought to be
adopted in nominations to the Indian
council: and he appealed to the viceroy to
watch the movement in a spirit of gener-
GUS sympathy.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
The Hippodrome sprlpter..

SPOKANE FALLS, Dec. 26.--[Special. -Four
of the fastest sprinters in the United States
took part in foot race, best two in three
heats, at Twickenham park yesterday even
ing for purse offered by J. 8. Barnes,
manager of Spokane base ball team, The
contestants were E. D. Skinner, c. F.
Wienbrenner,. alias G. F. Gibson, John
Flynn and Jack Gibson, the latter known
English Gibson. +. D. Skinner and G. F.
Gibson ran the first heat. Skinner won in
:9H. John Flynn and Jack Gibson ran the
second Gibson winning in :9x. The win
ners of the two heats postponed the decisive
until next SUNDAY.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
WHERE IS SUMNERs

Nothing Heard From Him for Several
Days-Chasing the Hostilcs.
RAPID CRY, s. D., Dec. c.-LSpecial. =
Gen. Miles has received a dispatch
from Gen. Brooke confirming earlier
reports that the hostiles are moving
in from their calnps to the
agency. Seven lodges have already made
part Of the distance, but are waiting for the
main body. At noon nothing had yet been
heard from Col. Sumner, who for the past
three days has been following Big Foot'a
trail, nor from Gen. Carr, who moved out
upon the reservation from Rapid City Wed
nesday 70 intercept the sa,ne band. No
trail entering the Bad Lands has been
found by Henry's command. sent out from
Pine Ridge to aid in capturing Big Foot.
Big Foot has probably started for the Chey-
enne agency.
-Four battalions of the Seventh cavalry
were ordered out and left Pine Ridge this
noon to help Col. Henry capture Sitting
Bulls fleeing braves. The latter camped
on White river last night. Two Hotchkisa
guns accompany the expedition. The start
was made in binding sand storm.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
Must Leave the Brotl,er,ooa.

CHICAGO. Dec. 26.-The ultimatum of the
Lake Shore and Michigan tSouthern Rail
way company that all telegraphers on that
road must withdraw from the order of rail-
way telegraphers or leave the employ of the
company, is believed here to be the begin
nlng OF general movement in that direc-
ton. 1t is understood that several of the
chicago lines will soon follow the example
OF the Lake Shore. The opposition Of the
railroads to the order has developed since
1t has shown a tendency to affiliate with the
operators), and has refused to teach teleo-
raaphy to apprentices sent to different
offices by the company to learn the busi-
ness. Outside of railroad circles it is be-
lieved that the result of the crusade will be
the practical consolidation of the two tele-
graph organizations.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
VIII Come In, Theysay.

RAPID Cry, s. D., Dec. 26.-Gen. Miles,
who has been waiting several days to hear
the result Of the friendly mission of Pine
Ridge Indians to the hostile camps in the
Bad Lands, to-day received word from Gen.
Brooke that couriers in from his emissaries
reported the hostiles ready and about to
come in. Several small patties are al
ready moving into the agency and the balky
Indians are expected there within q day or
two Word was also received that Big
Foot and his band. who have been MISSING
since their escape from Col. Summer. have
Deen round on Porcupine Creek, moving
toward Pine Ridge. No details are given,
but Big Foot has certainly evaded for sew
eral days all force in search of him.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
REFUSED TWO ATTACKS.
Valorous Conduct Of Company OF scouts
Killed and Wounded.

Valorous Conduct of u Company OF Scouts
Killed and Wounded.
CAMP NEAR BATTLE CREEK. 8. D., Dec. 26.
The weather is cold and the rivers are
frozen over. company of Cheyenne
scouts are encampel at the mouth of Battle
creek. Two attempts have been made by
the hostiles. who number about eighty, to
break into their camp. The first attempt
was made by only few of the Indians who
were quickly repulsed with loss of
two killed and several woundel, and it is
thought one fatally hurt. The second at
tack was made after dark by the whole
band, led by kicking Bear. volley after
volley was fred on both sides and desul-
tory IRE was kept up for an hour or more.
1t is not known how many hostiles were
killed. put Judging from the reports of the
scouts there must have been several killed.
Troops sent to the scene report everything
quiet and no hostiles in sight.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
A Texan Bank Fails,

ST. Lou1s, Dec. GA special to the Re-
public from San Antonio, Texas, says the
Maverick bank of that city closed its doors
this morning, after heavy run that lasted
three weeks. Sam Maverick. sole owner Of
the bank, made an assignment of all prop
erty, real and personal, to Reagan Houston.
The liabilities, according to the schedule
amount ty $844, ,1Gi, and the assets are foot.
ed at 81. .789 9l5.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27

said, We can only hope that prudence may
rule the hour and that the instructive con-
servatism of the American people may ena-
bic them to pass through this, perhaps the
most nerilous crisis in their financial career
without wreck.
Touching the subject of immigration. he
said the American people were called upon
now to decide whether there WAS any limit
to the extent to which they would share
their birthright with strangers. Not only
the enormous ircrease of immigration but
the manifestly lower character of recent
comers made the question urgent.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
They Worked I'm Colllu.,on.

ALBANY, N. Y, Dec. 26.--Daniel W. Tai
colt, heak bookkeeper of H. w. Sage & Co..
lumber dealers, was arrested this evening
on the charge Of embezzlement. The
amount of his theft is not yet known. but
is believed they will run high up in the
thousands. Sage & Co.'s confidential clerk.
Joseph b. Abbott. who killed himsel De-
cember 3, was also an embezzler and Tai
cott is shown to have been working in col
lusion with him.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
Labor Troubles at Pullman.

CHICAGO, Dec. 26.-Fifteen hundred en-
ployes at Pullman, who work by the piece,
in the car shops were notified of new
scale of wages to take effect the first of the
year, amounting to a reduction of about 10
per cent. Two hundred blacksmiths have
quit work pending arbitration with the
company. The other employees seem in
clined to accept the scale more quietly.
Manager Sessions explained that owing to
the clQseness of the financial situation the
railroad companies are only asking for cars
en- such terms had to be accepted or the
works closed.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
The Cruel War Ended.

PINE RIDGE AGENCY. Dec. a6.-Two bat
talions OF the Seventh cavalry, with two
Hotchkiss guns and pack train, have left
for Wounded Knee, about thirty miles
away. The Indian council in the Bad
Lands has decided in favor of the hostiles
returning to the agency. The authorities
ed. There is still danger of trouble in case
an ATTEMPT is made to disarm the hostiles.
Unless this is done, all the Indians will be
at the agencies in few days.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-12-27
No Indications of cessation.

PIrTsBuRG. Dec. 26.-Another big snow
storm is raging here. It has now been
showing steadily for eighteen hours with
no indications of a cessation. Between
twelve and fourteen inches of snow has al
ready fallen. The trains are ali behind
time. The street car traffic on all but the
cable roads is suspended.