Telegram-herald., 1890-05-19

.1y@=s@ss-
Conueroed11srs from ether fELdasSxiss
"a rhzE e depends pa, oE aEists OF ~
count a. ghs relation - o1ss aDOrher q
0thsr r1czsCrias rs oEace l. not -
Drpducs, N tho sense u changing ths
form q I2sseri4Is. u only changes their
place. Il Is SroEg 70 Identity commaEcs
With trats between nAri0Ds. Professor
h. Z. Thompson defnes comme<ce ci7arly
when hs says shat IL Il the Interchange
of services or of cOIamociries between
persons q sr0Gps q different Industrial
functions"
In Fude industrial state where one
individual L. engaged IA doing what Ia
higher industrial state - divided into
several distinct occupations, there can
be no acJlye commerce, bat eomnerce
arises and increases with the division u
labor attendant uDOn a varied industry
With the specialization among workers
and the subdivisions within industries,
the industrial function Of each indi-
viduI is Narrowed ard with this nar-
rowing 0f his Industrial function hls ds-
uaEt for the services nd commodities
II others i increased.
III. By reason q the creation OF new
interests IN any section, fnOrs varied
Industry - established. . renewed actlv-
itv VIII show itself IA the conduct Of
commerce.
II Il undoubtedly true that II al the
claims made BY F'Tee-tradars IN reference
% production ara valid frse raw mate
ials VIII increase The amount of ocean
transporEation. and 10 Is bat fair . sup
pose that under system q Free-trals
tho foreign commerce would Be greater
than a. present. The increased impOrta-
uons from other countries, resulting
from = pohcy Of Free-trade, would oc-
casion increased activity II foreign ship
ping. The carrying trade OF the world
Is now III tho haads OF England. IN 1888
tho total earnings OF al countries arising
from shipping amounted IN round mum
hers ~ S565, ,O0O, 900. OF this sum British
ships received s363 COG, 900, OF 55 per
cent. The United States received $780,
200. OF less than go per cent.
When We add 70 this statement the
fact that three-t0urths Of the tonnage Of
the United States is engaged IN the coast
wise and fishery trade. and the remain
ing one-fOurth IN the carrying trade, we
can ses how small a fraction Of any in
creased activity in the carrying trade
would come % the United States. Any
fiscal policy we might adopt which tends
% increase oceanic commerce would be
4. l.. -. I
ests OF England on account Of her more
efficient merchant marine. II matters
not for our present purpose what IS the
reason q her supe riOrity on the sea, but
il could be readily traced IN a great
measure 20 subsidies and the lower wages
OF Der seamen- Our policy Of Protection,
which offers % all industries the cond-
tions Il successful production. and 80 la
Dor the highest possible rewards, Insures
a healthy commercial activity within the
United States.
II there is one fact which has been es-
tablished as the result OF sound economic
Investigation It's that under the modern
development Of industry the greatest
measure Of welfare % our nation cannot
be secured without a varied or diversi-
fed industry. With our present pOpuls-
ton we arc a nation Of some twenty
mi ms Of workers. Al these differ in
their capacities and tastes Some are
not productive whom engaged IN agTicul-
tura Others VIII not find their full de-
veloPnsnt outside the mines and fac
tories. The diversifcation OF industry,
which offers 10 each the opportunity of
the greatest Development and production
that the natural limitations Of his facul-
ties permit, VII give us the highest de-
veloVnent and largest production as a
nation. We want 70 see something like
a balanced union OF the four great IN
dustriss.
It Is not 70 Be supposed that these win
grow equally. for conditions VIII cause
a creator extension Cf one than # an
other. Bat Il can be expected thst
through wise Protection industries which
are fairly capable Of permanent prosper
ity may % offered favorable conditions
Of dsvelopmeat. With policy Of Free
trade one industry grows aud another
lauguishes. The one industry which
possesses the greatest relative advantages
over thnt IL, .l1s-rv s--7r- other trading
nations Will - dsvelorad and others ne~
lectsd.
Is uossible that in so-ne countries
un1er certain conditions. this may he
bes. These conditions Do not exist "a
tho United States to1ay. Those parts oi
The United States which have the moet
varied Industry show n higher annual Ia