Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1890-02-18
Rnls for Annie Orchards.

raise good farm crops.
=. Make It mellow at once, or
with previous niellowing crops.
3. Hillside or rocky places are
admissible only in case plenty OF
barn manure can be had for annual
top-drcssing.
4. See that the land has good
natural or artificial drainage.
CHOICE or TREES.
>. Choose young aud vigorous
trees, not over two years old from
the gratis.
8. See that ample roots are secur-
ed in digging-enough to stifien the
tree without stalking, aud give ready
growth.
:. Avoid large, overgrown or
stunted trees which have short roots
mutilated by digging.
8. Remember that a good supply
Of roots is more important than
straight stems or handsome heads.
o. Procure well proved standard
varieties, and not new lauded sorts.
SETTING OUT.
10. If trees from n distance are
partly dry when received. bury
chem for week, top and all in
finely pulverized moist soil, TO re-
store them.
IL. Before setting ont, dig holes
broad enough to receive all the
roots without bending.
~. Use manure, except on the
surface after setting OF in the re-
mote parts Of large holes.
IS. In setting out, spread the
roots out equally on all sides, at
their full length, and ill in COM
pactly fine mellow earth.
IL. After set, shorten back the
long shoots and thin out where too
thick, giving a neat, even, moderate
head.
10. always shorten back before
the buds swell, and never when
partly or wholly in leaf.
10. Keep the ground for raj
feet around the newly set trees,
clean and mellow all summer.
AFTER CARE.
IL. Keep the ground cultivated
over the whole surface for six or
eight years after transplanting; af-
ter which allow grass to grow only
in case good annual or blenn ial
top dressing of manure can be
given.
Is. As the roots of growing trees
are as long rs their height, avoid
the mistake of spading or mauuring
narrow circles around the stem, but
cultivate the whole surface.
10. Preserve smooth clear stem
by promptly removing all suckers.
20. Glover and sowed grain
should never be allowed in young
orchards; grass, il kept short, and
annually top-dressed with manure,
Is admissible; hoed crops, as corn
and potatoes, do we'll; aud clear
culture is best.
PRUNING AND GRATING.
20. In well managed orchards
much pruning is necessary, and
when performed do but little In one
year; thin the outside of the head
and not the center and paint all
wounds.
-. Undesirable fruits or those
proved untitled To the climate, may
be changed to good ones by graft
ing; several gratis spread over the
head will soon form bearing trees.
For large trees, divide the grating
through to or three seasons.
SELECTION or VARIETIES.
%. For home use set out good
varieties enough to keep up cou-
slant succeSsion from the mid.sum-
mer kinds through autumn and
winter, and OF long keepers to last
through spring till the ripeuiug Of
straw berries.
"a. Fur market choose such as
bear heavy crops of salable apples,
aud plant orchards only IN such
places as they succeed we'll in, and
lind a ready sale at the mos, profit
able times OF the year.
SCATTERED RULES.
-. IL trgts are received when
frozen, they will be killed if thawed
in air; bat IL compac,ly buried In
mellow soll before lhawing they
will not be injured.
~ Mlce are excluded in winter
10y smooth, compact, canical
mound OF soil around each trJe, 10
he leyelrd again in the spring.
-. Ola trees may be pushed into
new life aud bearing by topdrvss-
ing Nrll a circle Of two rods la dl.
anrier about them, aud pruning
ont dead shoots
y. As -o'n a. young orchard
l. st out, p-gis,et ihe varieties iu