davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-03-25

This report shows that circulation
and deposits are in excess over the
coin and bullion of 1874, 639, $50 in
u money.
The Bank of Scotland is the best
yet devised. The Scotch banks were
created in the interest of commerce.
It's charter was granted by the Scotch
Parliament in 1895.
The Bank of Scotland started with
the design Of making credits based on
property and not on COIN. 1t identified
itself with the people. The laborer
deposited his money and stood on an
equality with the lord. The bank
paid one per cent. less than rates of
interest to all depositors. Thus it was
a vast savings bank, a bank of deposit
and a bank of issue.
The English have tried for a cen.
fury to get the gold base attached to
the Scotch bank but without success.
The great advantage in the Scotch
system is the loaning of the credit of
the bank to those who use it. The
merchandise purchased is the base and
not the gold or silver on deposit. The
rebellion of IT'S nor that of I745 nor
the disturbances following the French
Revolution of 1898 or that of 1897,
nor yet the great crash of 1925 effected
the Bank of Scotland, nor did the
people at any time made a run on the
bank.-De Wolf %. 1873.
The early sellers of our country
adopted the English system. The OBJ
ject of our banks has been pecuniary
gain.
Massachusetts, made an issue of
paper in 1890. In 1902 South Caro-,
lima made similar issues. Pennsyl
vanla made the first issue that could
properly be called money. It was en-
tirely under control of the Provincial.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-03-25
FARMERS ALLIANCE AND IN
DUSTRIAL UNION.--FOR-
WARD, MARCH!

The Rock Islander (Iu) says: That
money is the creature of law is now
admitted by all. The 5 cent nickle
coins are composed of seventy-fve
parts copper and twenty-five parts
nickle. A pound of this metal costs
70 cents. 1t coins 100 scent pieces
which makes S.. Take 70 cents
from S. and $3.50 remains, all made
by law.
Toe No~nconfornaast winfield, Kan.):
One hundred and t~hirty-six foreclos-
ure cases on the docket this term of
court, said a member of the bar in our
hearing the other day in this city.
Kansas is a wonderful State, you bet.
She can produce bigger crops of corn,
wheat, mortgages, thieves and fools
than any State in this grand and free
country.
Alliance Motor Broken Bow, Neb.):
A man a be longer starving to death
on a farm than in any other business,
but then we are not on the farm to
feed the world and starve ourselves.
We r there to succeed, by making
a profit on what we produce. That is
all we ask and that we demand. We
have had enough of the starving bust.
ness; have done enough toward max
ing millionaires, and now intend to
have a share of the profits. This is
an age of trusts and combines, and we
have trusted to combines long enough.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-03-25

When the masses of labor come to
understand the value of an economic
education, we will hear no more
wrangles about the relative value OF
parties and candidates. Offcers-elect,
no matter who they are, will know
what will be expected of them. The
great work of the hour IN which in.
telligent labor should engage is to edu.
cate the public mind on economic
questions, point out the errors of the
present system, and unite with all who
are willing to substitute a better.
Labor must appeal to the virtue and
intelligence of the people and not to
their vices and their ignorance.-RocA
Islander.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-03-25

Government. It's loans were secured
6y land or By plate deposited in the
Office. The borrower was made to
pay 5 per cent. Gov. Powell, DR..
Franklin and Adam Smith all COM
mended the plan. It's issue of paper
based on merchandise or lands, never
sunk Below the value Of gold and stEVer.
Holmes, voL. 2, p. ITO.
These credit bills of Pennsylvania
were so much better than those OF
other States that there was a demand
for them in furnishing bills of ex,
change.
The first bank in the United States
was the bank of North America. 1t
was incorporated by an act of Congress
on the last day of the year 1881. Its
capital was limited to 10000, 900 in
holdings, but its issue was unlimited.
In 1882 the bank went into operation
with a subscribed capital of $500, 900,
254, 900 was taken by Mr.. Morris for
the general government.
Thus banking vas instituted with
out any capital. The pretended CAPT
tai was only the money which passed
through it belonging to the United
States-a deposit rather than anything
else. The charter to the first United
States bank was passed on the goth OF
January, 1871 by the Senate. The
capital was ten million dollars, one
fifth waS subscribed by the government.
The government had no money to pay
its subscription, proposed to BORROW ii
from the bank. The bank having no
money to lend, passed a credit of two NAL.
lions on its bank to the government ana
the government paid 6 per cent. on tt
credit.
Under the charter of 1916 tits first
renewaD the capital was increased to
50 millions. The government sub
Scrabed 7 millions-having no money
the bank again gaze 1t credit.
The bank went into operation Jan,
7, 1917, and only about one per cent.
of its capital was paid in, yet it was
run on a "specie basis"
Our readers will see that it was not
a question of goodness of currency,
but the point then, as now, wa and
is: 1.-THE poaOer to Cypress and the pen
cent. @proft ObtGinabIe.
We are anxious for some opponent
to give us cause to bring out the par
ticulars of the banking scheme.
On the 4th of July, 1882, a bill tc
re-charter the bank passed Congress,
but President Jackson vetoed it
There were two considerations, one
political and the other State banks,
both opposing it. There were some
1900 of State banks under free bank.
ing or general banking laws, in 1869.
In March, 1886, the bank of the
United States had a circulation of
$40, 1875, 8l7; it had of specie $l2,.
l75,476, ond deposits of Sic, 759, 567,
The question is, how could the bank
pay the deposit of Is millions with II
millions of specie and then redeem
the I9 millions of currency?
Again. Reports of Bank Com. Of
Conn. 1887 to 1849, shows the aver
age circulatian of $l1,669,457, and
an average of deposits of $478,7 l9 oil
specie, that is to say 4 per cent. or
the 100 dollars of paper.
Did the specie belong to the banks
or the people?
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-03-25
N ITS HISTORY,
Gold and Silver.
BY GLIB FOGY.

No. 2.
The Bank of Venice was established
IN III. There was a loan forced
from the wealthy Venetians to save
the Republic in a war against the
Grecian Emperor. Each citizen was
REQUIRED to contribute according to his
ability and by a decree of the Great
Council the Office vi Chamber OF
Loans was instituted. The contribu.
tors to the loans were made creditors
to that Office and received an annual
interest of four per tt otweH, p.
289.
These loans were incribed in a
book, authenticated andmade evidence
of the whole debt, as well as what be
longed to each subscriber. The inter
est was puuctualIy paid into the office
and thence distributed to each cred
itor.-Econ PoLetique, par Henri StOrch,
vol. 81, p. s..
A medium of debt paying without
the use of a coin. This was a great
discovery.
BANK OF GENOA.
The Genaese system of finance
was the most remarkable and
complicated one of which his
tory gives any account, In 1902
they reconstructed the system, and
the reconstruction was similar to re-
construction on the South in its effects.
In l4O7 the people demanded a
change. This banking system, like
u own, was not nearly as favorable
to the people as to the bankers.
Carlo Cuneo gives a table of rates
of value of shares: In 1859 shares
were 48, in 1892, 112; in 1906, 2l9,
and 1921 at 278.
While the bank of Genoa had
higher rates of interest than the Bank
of Venice, it never gained nearly sc
much Importance. 1t took quantities
from the government-the Bank Of
Venice took from the people.
The Bank of Genoa never attained
any greatness until it became a bank
of issue.
4US DduA VI NUSGOLNnA was 4A0NA'
tuted in 1909. While the Bank Of
Venice had for centuries been excit'
ing the wonder of the world, the PEG.
pie Of Amsterdam were so welded tc
the gold and silver system that they
made their system much less practical,
more clumsily arranged and much
more expensive than the Bank OF
Venice.
The Bank of Hamburg followed
and was similar to those already re,
ferred to. 1t was founded in 1919.
Banking was introduced into Eng
land by the Lombard Jews who
brought the system with them from
Italy. The Bank of England transacts
the whole business Of the government,
Adam Smith says of it: "The bank
acts not only as an ordinary bank but
as a great engine of State 1t went
into operation in 1895. It's whole
capital was loaned to the government
and the interest secured by taxes. It's
first paper issue was for 20 pound
notes. In 1896 it suspended specie
payments. The design from the frs.
was to make IN engine of power ou'
of the bank. For IT'S years no de
position has lost a dollar of his de
posts.
The taxing power of the govern
ment is used as a base for issuing anC
securing notes. At no time for
century and a half has the silver anc
gold in its vaults been anything lik,
its circulation.
l will quote as an example the re
port of February, 1915, just half way
in the period l named.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-03-25

Paper horse shoes are being expert.
mented with in Germany. They are
said to adhere better to the hoof than
metal and to be very durable. As
they become rough from usage they
act as a security against slipping. It
is thought they may supplant the
metal shoe.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-03-25

Thirteen years ago a young man
commenced breeding sheepin Colorado
with 500 breeding ewes. He has
given his entire attention to sheep
eve since. To-day he has rs, 900 and
his wool clip the past season brought
him $4,000.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
BALLOT Boxna

Again we would protest against the
careless method of. sending in ballot
boxes and books. Law and common
sense ought to teach. that If it takes
three judges and two clerks to w;,tcl,
a ballot box all day. that the whole
business. ballots, books and keys,
shouldn't he given to one man to re.
turn to the county seat. The law says
one book shall be put put in the box
and sent to the chairman of the
commissioners. The latter is never
done. The chairmen have for several
years lived at a distance from the
county seat, and the whole thing, box.
es, books and all. is brought to the
auditor.
There is not the slightest suspicion
that anything has been tempered will,
at this Or any former election in this
county, but these opportunities for
fraud should mol he given. The ems.
lest and simplest way would he to put
tho box Of ballots, sealed, In charge
of the chairman or clerk of the town
board until wanted again. One book
sent by mail to the chairman of com.
missioners, and the other to the aud.
itor. This would save the sheriff's
fees In returning the boxes and the
messengers to the county seat. ANY.
way don't let one man have the whole
business to himself-as 80 often don't
now-or sometime there is sure to bt
trouble.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14

In Justice to many persons whose
names appear as owners of lands or
town lots on the tax sale list, It should
be stated that in many cases the lots
Or lands are actually owned by other
parties. Under the new revenue law
the treasurer and auditor will finally
get the actual owners, but they can
only get them when a transfer of pro.
erty is made, and it will be years be.
fors some Of the parcels of real proper.
ty appear under the names Of their
true owners. Under the old law there
was no provision at all for getting the
correct owner. The law should be
made so that unless the auditor know.
the owners that the name should be
omitted or listed as unknown. Now
IN injury is done to the credit Of many
men who pay their taxes promptly.
but because they once owned a piece
OF townsite are now advertised IA de,
linqnent tax payers.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14

hpeeved Passenger 0seviee.
Undsr the new time schedule Of 'sTh1
Nosth-Wsstern Line, G., &. p, y
4 o. R.. I'll passenger trains Of ths Id
make the trip between g. Paul q
Chicago In Len than II hours.
The Pullman and Wagner vsseibule
Limited. leaving 81 Paul ct 80 .. a..
makes the trip to Chicago in ~
l,ours and from Chicago TO X. Paul In IL
hours and 25 minutes.
The Daylight Express leaving 81. Paul at
7:l6 q. N. makes the trip 70 Chicago
In Is houn and 30 minutes and from Chi.
ego to 81. Paul in 10 houls and l6
minutes.
This 10 the only line running oil ito
trains In les than II hours bstwssu g..
Paul and Chicago. and while this
time u quick, trains donot have 70 runas
q high rte ofspeed 70 make their
time ason other lines, because this line Il
shorter than any other line.
In addition to these facts, this Ii the only
ltneby which connections are assured
IN ChieaIo with al fase line trains from
Chicago 10 the East and South In the
morning and q night
Note.-Fares 6y this line arc ain
- low - BY any other.
For Map Folder Of the line
T. W. T1AsDALE, Gent paoenge
81. Psul. MINI.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14

one OF the most remarkable things
observable in the official count pub.
lished in this issue is the strength, de.
veloped by the alliance ticket in the
first legislative district and the weak.
ness in the second district. Messrs
Richardson, Full and Best received
nearly double the votes that Messrs.
Cameron and McLaclllan did. The
latter not receiving a single vote in
What was supposed 70 he one of the
strongest alliance precincts, Cavalier.
while Cameron had seyenty.two.
1t would seem rs il the farmers had a
little of the locality politics that
troubled the other parties. Messrs.
Full and Best's run wasa surprise to
all parties.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14

One of the notable things done at
the election in Pennsylvania was the
defeat ex-senator Quay's political lieu.
tenant for governor by 1900 major.
NY while the rest of tile republican
ticket was elected by about the same
figures. This simply means that 30.
GOO republicans Of that stste don't be.
lieve In Nat Quay or his style of lvss.
ing. 1t Is . credit to the republicans
OF fennsylvania that they show in
this way that they think aud what
they think.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
Five Pointers, !
First: That the biennial !
| Supreme Lodge Kni.

Five Pointers.
First: That the biennial
Supreme Lodge Kni
thias, convenes 1t
July 9Th to 18th, inclt
Second: That excursion tick
sold from oil principal
the west and North west D.
waukee and return at ratsV
one fare.
Third: That the Wisconsin Central 10
the direct line from Minnearo.
lis and s.. Paul to Milwaukee,
with two through trains each
son. General Northwestern Pas
senser, Agent, 10. Nocollet
Hruse Block, Minneapolis: Chas
E. Dixon. City Passenger and
Ticketagent. 1872. East Third st..
st. Paul, MINI. or to Louis Eek.
stein, Assistant General Passen
engr and Ticket Agent, Milwau.
kee. Wis.
way, daily, and Pullman vesti
buled sleeping car service.
Fourth: That rs the camp ground is 10.
Gated directly on the Wisconsin
Central. passengers taking this
line will have the advantage Of
being landed there.
fifth: That circular giving detailed
informs alton will be sent free
upon application to F. H. An.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
no suRRENDRR.

4uO IOPuUItCnu pnASy u0o ouAAoAON q
defeat. Many causes can he given
why in various localities this has &C.
Cured from other reasons than the
tariff but certainly one thing stands
mers are afraid OF the hiyii -.afrn,
nothing else could have so completely
routed the republicans all along the
line. The little red school house fight
in Wisconsin, prohibition in Iowa
Kansas aud Nebraska, Quay in Penn.
sylvania gerrymander in Ohio, intim.
idation In the south, all these have
helped. but the Mckinley bill has been
the chief bone Of contention and to It
rightly or wrongly may be blamed
the defeat.
The question now arises-what shall
the party policy be!
Already the tariff mugwumps, like
the Pioneer Press, of st. Paul, and the
Minneapolis Journal, which since the
census count has been against any.
thing from st. Paul, Merriam included
are saying. 1 told you so, and that the
republican party must become also
mugwumps on the tariff because
they have suffered defeat. Inasmuch
rs a large number of democrats are
much stronger protectionists in belief
than either of the above journals, and
as there Is no other main issue, this
means u complete surrender, a laying
down of arms, indeed more, 1t means
the humiliation of the republican
party and the joining Of forces with
those whom we have frught as enem.
les for thirty years. Could any more
cowardly a course he suggested!
The Mckinley bill has been passed
but a few weeks. by large majority
OF the republican leaders it is claimed
to be a good bill. That in the main
it cheapens all necessities. That it
adds more to the free list than any
bill ever passed. That with two or
three exceptions nothing has been
raised but luxuries, high priced goods,
liquors and tobacco. That those
things raised by the farmer have been
protected,that which he consumes has
been freelisted or cheapened.
The main and notable exceptions to
these are wool and tin. The tariff
on the first is certainly direct and
Immediate benefit to North Dakota,
whether 1t will be to the whole coun.
try is yet to be seen, and it will be
seen. lit is a failuae it will he re.
pealed, II not it will remain a law,
lsut it will take longer than two or
three weeks. or yet an election that
soon after, to actually decide the res.
ults OF the tariff on wool. The tariff
on tin is a direct bid for the deyelop.
ment of the tin mines of South Dako.
to. If 1t is successful in so doing
the law will remain by common con.
sent. 1t it is a failure it will like.
wise be repealed. But an election
three weeks after the bill passed don't
prove that the tin mines of South Da.
kota are failures.
Yhe republican party. in congress
assembled have done something, they
have actually stepped forward, not one
but a dozen steps. That these steps
have been made in exactly the right
direction no man can say, only the fu.
ture can decide, but they are at least
forward-they are definite. Let re.
publicans stand by them until some.
thing more than political defeat prov.
ca that because these skirmish lines
In the progress of the nation, are
driven In that the whole army should
surrender.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
Luxury and Comfort

Are tho peculiar attributes for which
the average traveller ever seeks, and
these. combined with convenience.
speed, safety and sure connections with
transcontinental trains at terminal
points. are what make the Chicago, st.
Paul d Kansas City Railway famous and
popular. Vestibuled compartment sleep.
Ing can, the finest in the world, and
dining cars whose service 10 the very
best, arc run on through fast trains. The
vigorous policy Of this line has placed
It In the lead in many respects, aud il
hes become favorite ae natural con.
sequence: Take no other route. For
Information concerning time Of trains
and rates to oil points reached BY this
line and It's connections, apply to W. 4.
Busenbark, General Passenger and Tick.
ct Agent. Chicago, III. IS
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14

A funny reason was given the other
day In opposition to the immigration
movement for the Red River Valley
The person objecting said 1t was just
a scheme Of the republicans to colon.
lie these counties with eastern people
of like faith,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
A TURTLE MOUNTAIN RESORT

Frank Hansen, in The Fargo. N. D.,
Argus, has this to say of Lake Metigo.
she, near Bottineau: 1T isn beautiful
summer resort, situated in the heart Of
the famous Turtle Mountains. There i
beautiful scenery, excellent bathing IA
cilities, splendid sailing and rowing.
The waters of the beautiful and roman.
tic Lake Metigoshe are swarming with
fish. and the surrounding hills are the
homes of numberless varieties Of game.
There is good hotel, tho Lakeview, kept
by w. H. Kirk
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14

The grand jury will not come to
court this term. It will save the
county considerable money and we
will never know what we have lost.
There is quite a general movement all
over the states and even in Canada to
give UP this one sided way Of proving
a man guilty before the jury by whom
he is actually to be tried.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
s.M@wtafs qmhlng the pollti!e sgI.y tin .ggs

thBanling.ths R0 llgIissl.y tin Isl
the Red River Valley, the legitimate
work Is going forward and bids fair
70 come to something after all. Mr..
James Langton goes to Grand Forks to
gay as a representative of this county
at a committee meeting. We he.
lieve ii the matter can he placed OIL a
substantial basis that good will come
OF 1t. The general idea is to form one
or more immigration bureaux for the
Red River Valley, the expenses to be
borne by contribution and the conn.
ties interested.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
FLAX AND OIL.

Flax is one Of the profitable crops 4
North Dakota. Asingle crop from the sod
has been made to pay for . farm and inn
provements. The fibre il Of unusual
excellence, while the seed Is oily to Q
degree unknown back East. The Ds-
kotas lead the country in production.
There are fine chances for mauufactur.
ers to engage in handlingGbre and max.
ing fiaxseed oil in msny parts Of North
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14

There we're $50 votes cast for R. b.
Stevens besides the 1.022 for.B. B. Stew.
ems in the table, for R. r. Commission.
or. For county Justices George Klyne
had 169; p. W. Walker had 234; F. H.
Wilder had l64; Martin Kraft had 1854.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
District Court.

The district court convenes
at Pembina November 18th,
and will be in session three or
four days. Final citizens pa
pers will be issued for 50.
HENRY d. BORDEN,
Clerk.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
THE FIGURE "o...

I'll figure in our dates will make long stay
Nc man or woman now living will ever date
document without using the figure .. Il stand
U the third place in 1890 where II will remain ter
years and then move up to second place in 1900
where II will rest for one hundred years.
There another "o" which has also come to stay
Ills unlike the figure in our dates in the respcc,
That it has already moved Up to first plsee. whers
.twill permanently remain. II is called tho mo.
High Arm Wheeler 4 Wilson Sewing Machine.
The mo. Q" wac endorsed for first placs by the
s19crts Of Europe at the Paris Exposition of 1882
where, after severe contest with the leading mn.
shines Of the world, it was awarded tho only
Grand Prize given to family sewing machines. all
others on exhibit having received lower awards
u gold medals. etc. The French Government
,sc recognized It's by the decoration Of
Nj Nathaniel Wheeler. President OF the company.
With the Cross OF the Legion Of Honor.
Ghe mo. Q" is not IN old machine improved
spon. but is an entirely new machine, and the
3sand Prize at Paris was awarded it as the grand
~ advance In sewing machine mechanism Of the
.ec Those who buy It Gun rest assured, thert
~ OF having the very latest and best.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1890-11-14
ROOFING.

.s;rA ELASTIC ROOFING FELT COST onlv
< 90 pr 100 square fest. Makes good roof 10,
Sears. oaA anyons can pat Il on. Send stamp for
Omple a1d Full particulars.
0Uh 14AszIC ROOFING Co.,
I'd u Wa4 Broadway, New York.
Local Agents wantea. ~