Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-01-11
Farm AND ORCHARD.
IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING NEW
BLOOD IN POULTRY.
Veal Calves for Market Straight Rows
New Breeds of Fowls
Farm Notes.

New blood in poultry is the basis of
beauty, vigor and prolifcness. 1t is more
essential to successful poultry culture than
all else combined. Fowls that are inbred,
that have been bred in line several years
without the addition or infusion of fresh
variety, but to which they are not di-
rectly related, become inactive, dimunitive
and Improbable.
1t has been said that inbred fowls breed
true to feather, and that for this reason,
because they all come alike and are there
fore best suited to exhibition, inbreeding
is desirable, and this is trueto very great
extent for we have tried it. TheT do
come alike in more respects than one.
They breed true to feather, it is true, but
they also have the same inactive, stupid
and unattractiye appearance. Their very
life seems to have been dulled They are
slow to develop in form and muscle. aud
they are slow to lay.
While inbred fowls may be suitable for
exhibition purposes, they are certainly
improbable, and for this reason, with the
person who is keeping poultry for profit,
they should have no part or lot
Far more desirable is the fowl that by
its very appearance, its very move and
action maniiests the fresh, new blood that
it embodies. There Is an activity, grace
and yigor about it that is refreshing.
The male bird that comes of fresh blood
is the one that is ever on the alert to be
agreeable to his mates Every choice bit
of food that he finds he saves for them,
and he calls them about him with gal
lantry that is admirable He leads them
to the nest, over which he crows with
satisfactory crow that seems to manifest a
knowledge of its value in the poultry
world
A male bird of this kind crows from, the
top of the fence, with flap of the wings
that always gives notice of the bugle call
that is to follow.
Equal to the male bird Of fresh blood is
the hen that comes of similar parentage.
She is keen, active, healthy and vigorous,
and one OF the best layers of her kind
In truth, In no way does new blood mani
fest itself more strongly than in the lay
ing quality of our hens
1t Is absolutely necessary, in order to
have our hens lay proftably, that is, to lay
enough eggs to pay for their keep and
profit besides, that we introduce fresh
blood in our focks every year. The writer
has kept record for several years and OBJ
served closely, and in every instance the
pullets of the newest blood that come of
flock in which male absolutely unakin to
the females had been introduced the spring
previous were always the first to Law, in
point of age, and made the best layers
generally.
To have healthy, vigorous and profitable
poultry, we must then, without any ques-
ton, introduce new blood annually into
our 1ocks.-Southern Ctsltirdtor.
VEAL CALVES FOR MARKET.
There never as yet has been an over
supply of good veal on the American mar
ket. So early as the first of September
well-fatted calves which will weigh from
140 to 10 pounds these are the extreme
weights approved of by Dealers will COM
mand eight cents per pound at the same
date, calves which have obtained scanty
nourishment at pastures sell at two to two
and three-fourths cents per pound and
calves which have received buttermilk as
feed will sell at two and seven-eighths to
three and three-fourths. cents per pound.
Those farmers who provide a ration OF
meal, feed calves up to 200 to go pounds
per head, and secure good profit in sell
ing at three to five cents per pound, ae-
cording to quality. The annual slaughter
of bob-calves and the downright murder
of starving grass-fed calves is one of the
things which are past the comprehension
of those who are frequenters of the mar
kets of great cities Let farmer who
keeps fifty dairy COWS prepare himself
early in the season to keep all of his calves
and when milk contracts are offered to
him, let the answer be: 81 can this year
only sell half of my milk-how" Then
when the calf-speculator comes, as he is
certain to do, the reply to his queries
should be: 81 have no calves to sell
Later on / will have some choice ones tc
offer you" Any farmer can obtain as
early as the month of July six to six and
a half cents per pound for early calves
further on in the season seven to seven
and three-fourths cents per pound can be
realized; and late calves fed up to veals
will sell in November and December al
from nine to ten and half cents pei
pound-Anerican Agriclatpi5i.
STRAIGHT ROWS.
The farm should always be planned out
and divided into fields. One object in this
Is to plan and carry on good system OF
rotation. Another, the manure can be APP
Piled to better advantage, and third is
that better system of accounts can be
kept, and the cost of raising the different
crops be ascertained as well as the amount
OF the profit it is possible to derive from
each. 1t will be quite an item in planning
out the farm in this way to arrange the
fields in as convenient form as possible
for planting and cultivating. A few short
rows on one side of field or crooked
branch through field that cannot be
crossed interferes considerably in the
economical working of it. 1t not only in
creases the work of preparing the land for
crop, but also adds to the work of cult,
waiting and harvesting. Sometimes this is
unavoidable, but in many cases little
work spent in Strengthening out run Of
this kind, and in planning the farm so that
the fields will be straight on all sides, or as
nearly so as possible, will lessen the work
OF growing and harvesting the crops,
and also increase the yield. With a
cultivated crop there is always an
additional waste in turning. and
in harvesting another waste is occasioned.
When it can be done without too much in
convenience, more and better work can be
performed if the fields are oblong, and this
Is of sufficient Importance to make it an
item to arrange as completely as possible.
If the farm is properly laid out much of
the fencing can be dispensed with, and
this will lessen the expense of keeping up
the farm. Even if the plan of pasturing
the fields is followed it will be policy to
lessen the amount of fencing as much as
possible. And the fields can be prepared
with less expense, and the crops be culti-
yated more easily if the farm is planned so
that at least all the cultivated crops can
be grown in long, straight rows During
the fall and winter when the greater part
OF the fields are without a growing crop is
q good time TO make q plan Of the farm,