The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-09-23
legislation Relating to the Hours OF
Work Of Women and
Children.
relation Of Tariff and Cost Of La
Dor to Cost of Produc-
ton.
,uropean Countries 10 not Regulate Hours
Of Work by Men Nor Sunday
/ Work.

The policy of protection designs, by the
IMPOSITION of customs duties, to equallze
he cost in the home markets of the foreign
nd domestic product, and thus protect the
merican artisan or operative from the IN
air competition resulting from the lower
ages of labor abroad, says the Boston
commercial Bulletin. The equality thus
established by certain scale of duties IS
omparative, and any new elements which
|ither add to the cost of production here or
ecrease it abroad are liable to destroy the
uuilibrium and suffer the entry of foreign
Gods to the detriment of the home pro-
ucer. As labor in some form practically
institutes the cost of production, what
yer affects this is of vital Importance.
The cost of production in Europe, as has
efore been pointed out in these columns,
! slowly rising, but the danger is that the
npatience of the working classes or organ
;atlons here will force such increased cost
ere as will more than keep pace with the
rowing cost abroad. In this connection
sview Of European legislation relating to
ours of work and employment of women
nd children is of interest.
In Germany the employment of children
nder IL years is prohibited; between IL
nd IA they can work only six hours per
ay. Children of from IA to 16 years may
ork ten hours in general factories and
even hours in spinning mills; night work
after $50 p. M. as also Sunday work. Is
rohibited for children, except dispensatlon
obtained from the Bundesrath.
here is little protection for women,
lough the Bundesrath has authority
~ H. oIo r. an n n
llow it under certain conditions. IN
lumber of special trades, iron and glass
orks, dive works, cigar factories, ETC., such
,strictions are enforced. Very similar
lies exist regarding children in Austria
In Great Britain, in the textile industries,
le working hours for young persons be-
ours per day. Children may only be en-
loyed six hours daily or ten hours every
5her day. In other manufactures the
me for women and young persons Is ten
I'D one-half hours, and for children six
nd one-half hours or ten hours every
ther day. Children may not be employed
/ factories or trades until 10 years OF age,
ad all persons under 16 years must have
hysician's certificate. Night work is for
idaer to women, young girls and children.
In France employment in manufactures
children under u is prohibited except in
,xtile, glass and paper works. where they
N "olh .eu 4 mu nh;j a. Nth anf4;c;ent
we've anu io "dneot;on nav work twelve
eneneaiy eouoa'' t%osa ';ot hav;no snch
ouis POI Joy, a." 49,. ,,er dav Nioht work
ny n W. 81 CO. ba,s pnndar 16 and Girls
Rlon o. TL ~, o Iii now nnder cons;d
iuel -: 10, ~" ,,,;,i-onn aga Mt which
;is.a,, onam a1, ha .noninved from 10 to IL
ia'a ~. aas tba r,;n;mnm vorlxino hours
10, fnr .ersona nnder "a wears. the maxi-
nn, 1;,nIt for xuoman heino placed al
anan hnnra ner dav With night work pro-
h;tad ant;Iavl wy
Sw;tzerland nrohibits the emplovment of
nman and vonno neonle nnder is wears for
oht or sunday work. while children can
e heoin work until the Compilation of their
mrtennth year. In Reloium there ia prac-
callv no protection for women and chill
en-. The Netherlands places the working
,urs for women and girls. as we'll as bows
oder is. at eleven hours dailv with night
I'd Sunday work for them prohibited, In
aly children between nine and II may
ork eight hours per dav in factories where
ne work is not dangerous or unhealthy.
light work ia forbidden for children under
J: between u and Is it is limited to six
mrs ner dav.
While most European countries regulate
,e employment of women and children in
ctories and trades. yery little has been
,ne in the matter of employment of men,
I'd this little. mainly in relation to the
s1mber of honrs that Constitute davis la