Workmen's advocate., 1890-06-14

every quarter of the globe In place of the old wants, satisfied by the produc- tions of the country, we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the pro- ducts of distant lands and climes, In place of the old local and national seclu- sion and self-sutficiency, we have inter course Tn every direction, universal inter-dependence of nations. And as in material, so also in intellectual produc- tion. The intellectual creations of indi- vidual nations ecome common pro- perty. National one.sidedness and mar .mindedness become more and more impossible, and from the numerous na- tional and local literatures, there ar,ses a world literature.
 The bourgeoisie, by the rapid improve ment of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most barbarian, nations into civilization. The cheap prices of its commodities are the heavy artillery with winch it batters down all Chinese walls, with which it forces the barbarians' intensely obstinate hatred of foreigners to capitulate. It compels all nations, on pain of extinc- tion, to adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to intro. duce what it calls civilization into their midst, i Q. to become bourgeois them selves. In one word, it creates world after its own image.
 The bourgeoisie has subjected the country the rule of the towns. It has created enormous cities, has greatly in- creased the urban population as com pared with the rural, and has thus res cued considerable part of the popula- tion from the idiocy of rural life. Just as it has made the country dependent on the towns, so 1t has made barbarian and semi barbarian countries dependent on the civilized ones, nations of peasants on nations of bourgeois, the East on the West.
 The bourgeoisie keeps more and more doing away with the scattered state of the population, of the means of produc- tion, and of property, It has agglomer-
 population. centralized means of oduction, and has concentrated prop erty in few hands. The necessary con sequence of this was political centraliza- tion. Independent, or but loosely con- nected provinces, with separate interests, laws, governments and systems of taxa tion, became Jumped together into one nation, with one government, one code Of laws, one national cla,s-interest, one frontier, and one customs tariff
 The bourgeoisie, during its one rule of scarce one hundred years, has created more massive and more colossal pro- ductive forces than have all preceding generations together. Subiection of Ma lures forces to man, machinery, appli- cation of chemistry to industry and agriculture, steam navigation, railways, electric telegraphs. clearing of whole continents for cultivation, canalization of rivers, whole populations conjured out of the ground" hat earlier century had even presentimen that such pro- ductive forces slumbered in the lap of social labor?
 We see then: the means of production and of exchange on whose foundation the bourgeoisie built itself up, were gen erated in feudal society. At a certain stage in the development of these means of production and of exchange, the con ditions under which feudal society pro- duced and exchanged, the feudal organi- zatlon of agriculture and manufacturing industry, in one word, the feudal rela. tions of property. became no longer con- patlble with the already developed pro- ductive forces; they became so many letters. They had to be burst asunder,
 Into their place stepped free compe- tition, accompanied by a social and DO. litical constitution adapted to it, and by the economical and political sway of the bourgeois class.
 (To be continued nert aceek.)