davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

JOTTINGs ABOUT TOWN.
Forty-hve peopia leave for California thit
week to spend the winter.
There is nothing new in connection with
the land jumping case. Both sides are
| firm.
James Rogers for many years steward Of
the Cosmopolitan, has severed his connec
nection with the hotel.
The frst shipment of the Lissner Granite
spring mineral water was made yesterday to
II. q. Lewis, Of Grand Rapids, Mich.
While putting in a pane OF glass on q
Rodney street house yesterday, glacier,
whose name was not learned, fell and broke
one of his legs.
| John Gleason and Patrick J. Donahue
have sold to the Drum Lummon company
the Irish Girl and Florence Fraction lOdes,
Ottawa district, for 81.
runaway horse dashed into Undertaken
| Flaherty's place of business yesterday, de-
molishing the front door. The horse got
rid Of his harness and struck out for the
north.
Mayor Bradford sent written discharge
to Officers Van Asse, Lloyd. Williamson and
Frey yesterday. They were informed that
their services would end on the 18th of this
| month.
The non-union carpenters working on the
| Cans d Klein building under Contractor
AcCartc- gtruck yesterday because of the
return of the union men to work on the
same building under another contractor.
Work will not be delayed.
Alderman Steele's little veto on the
Seventh ward lot saved the taxpayers $3.50.
The lot selected by the aldermen last week
was bought last night for 1900. and. as
predicted, the other lot was rendered for
81, 800 but the council did not want it.
It has transpired that Harry Woolrich
was done up'' BY Graham, the Splinter. in
the race between Graham and Anderson at
Butte. Graham's right name is Gibson and
the other man is Finn. Before leaving
Helena, which be did very quietly, Gibson
gave the whole SNAP away to friend.
Job and the Helena man got the worst Of it.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

under contract, amounting to tAb6:bO, ~
also reported favorably.
Steele urged the necessity Of having Rod
ney street from Sixth avenue 10 State
brought TO the grade line. His motion 70
direct the street. commissioner to do the
work was carried.
Tho ordinances regarding ths width q
sidewalks was amended % - 10 require
walks four fest in width between wall ana
Edwards street on Park avenue. The buiIo.
ing Of six-foot sidewalks would only give Z
street twenty feet wide, which the rom
dents In that neighborhood think p to
narrow.
A franchise was then granted Peter Winnie
and his associates TO build q street car line up
Broadway from Main to Jackson. thence
through jackson TO Grand street 70 Main. !.
Mrs. Gilmore appeared before the council
and offered to compromise her lawsuit now
pending in the district court against the
city for 5000 damages. Mrs. Gilmore
claimed that ehe broke her arm two years
ago while coming down the south side q
Broadway. She said the water flowed ont
of the embankment whore Balls old photo
graph gallery stood and frozs ON the side.
walk. and it was ON this that she slipped
and broke her arm. She WAS referred to the
city attorney, who will report on the case
Ut the next meeting.
Two porches which project into jackson
0o100t 1IO10 b00 OU0IuOIOAlttu GSAS2 w. AWeas
hotels were ordered removed and sidewalk
laid on that street.
The street and alleys committee reported
that the opening Of Sparta street involved
condemnation proceedings and reOOm-
mended that the matter be referred TO the
city attorney.
The building inspector with the aldermen
from the Seventh were appointed az
special committee to act with the building
committee to select plans and specifications
for the Seventh ward hose house. This
building will be 70 planned a. to have .
hall in the second story TO DO used - .
public meeting place.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

ON Broadway, will be promptly attended to
by Herbert Nicholson Co., Ltd. Tolo-
phone 2z3
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

HELRNA, Mont, Nov. 10, 1900
I, Mr.: n. 1tsencf. My Dear Bir-lt il with no 1T
nonlal concerning your spring water. i hnve
heen troubled for number Of years with kidney
complaint, being compelled to quit my work for
since have been drinking your spring water
have found mysalf much bene6ttod aud I nsV
man. Very Truly. n. v. KIRrLV.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
A. Birkenfeld.

A. Birkenfeld,
No. 10 Main street, will sell his entire stool
of mems suits % per cent. less than cost II
order to retire from business.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

HELENA Mont, Oct. 90, 1870.
Mr.. Marcus Lissner. Dear 6ir-HAyine ueed
the water from your 81 ngs for several wseks
With beneficial results, 4 .cheerfully rsoommsnA
its use to thosesssutfering from kidney troubles.
A. H. WIEBER. 6o8 HilistAls avs.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Win ladies ind choice exclusive dssisna IN
faahionable hats and bonnets. q &C ~
Kingley's, corner Park and sixth svennes.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

HELENA, Mont, Nov.5, l0o0
IhAve been troubled with my kidneys fop
Some TINA Have used various kinds Of msdi-
oines, but without. any good results. tzisd
ttsoners spring water, and It ourod mo In Q
short tims. ]. +. Rowan. State St.. Helena.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

HELENA. Mont. Nov.2, lSoN
have been suffering with the piles for thirty
Xears, and since / have bean drinking the water
from Lissnsrs Mineral Springs have mot been
troubled aimee q. A1RAuAWeon.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

= Icssss Id slsvss hooa. saly sl.s 4 m
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Elegant Millinery Sets.
Bonnet, collar or boa and muf in lovely
exclusive designs at Miss Kingsley's, cor
ner Tark and Sixth avenues.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
/ Halana Mont No, !, ,aon

Helena, Mont, Nov. 1, 1870.
Hon. Marcus Lsaner, Sir-For = long Nms
LIQUID not a,s p = night and day Va only
misery to me. until happened In my stfolling
for relief from pain to take glass Of WAter from
and AfteEwards made it habit to 20 regularly
every day for my drinking water: an 4 pres
ent free rom any annoyance from Kidney ce
medicinal qualities Of your spring ] can only By
these ms3ns tender you my gratitude Tor the
Of Helena will duly aoknowlec &c the blessing g
freely given to every one.
Yours Very Respectfully,
LoUIs SMITH.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

For tho hsst three dollar snit Of undervs., -
e The old stand. Montana Consolidatsd oomnany
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

For the opera, church Or social events. a,
always be had at 4iss KinRsley'a, corne
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

The !. I L. BssaR b IL plaep - Inv m.
cl0thing - le0 than cost 80
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

HAIR Chains and Switches,
Mrs. b. Miller announces to the public
that shs II prepared to receive ordsrs fol
hair chains and switches. Call q 2l8
Broadway.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
JOTTINGS ABOUT TOWN.

Muslin underwear at your own price It Tia
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

SILK and wooden hosiery made to order.
Knitting Factory, ais South Main street.
Ladies black underwear, guaranteed all wool
and fast black. just received ct The Bee Hive
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

ZOE ZOE snls aceion on youf part, l must claim
;ne d;ss q ooesanne tnees men ON the forcs
~ uasonslRs o. Pos!ce dny:
| 0Kneo' A ~. v MokIs.,
sr-p...ia;,amA' = aon no.a Nov. 40 tosO.
o,,;r;cr s! ), ~ W yot Is ssaus.s az. tol an
s;ca ~ ~ Ss ~ ~ .ng owes ~ soMove sno ".
- .se 800; sae Sasy, Deg g oaM yong attention
~h;cH n;r.. s. p .S - g ~ 5ne oa!y cnslset'
;r.tn Ia - sno s n1y II sne 1.Nns - no ~
oonnc;I ~ Ma -, T AL me eonsn; % sae
inc rnl; ~ npgns M 81. c.sy oo "a AaaC'u!-
iIk Ips oIlo 4. Inc serm or Mi omeefs -
nvad :. ~ ~ ns ; one year unless sooner e.
1 Sact;o - e eae c,sy vounon. -. Z.
as. one al!.ole one OF onaPsor iour OF
nn tb. pDos - zen .nGns 1ussnef scslon
th ~ tu ~ Rsl. VI sns o0uncaA !! M ~ seen
~ tha. sa t;s y aa apPaient connict Deswee9
~. ~ .oo .:o IotcEleu " y tne cnalteI anu
| WI m. soos:0u - suo oSuanalcc0 Aa.u0u.
.no a.ens 70 1emoYe PONCE 0moeI y 10
.Iy opan n laGat % PoWeE Wnion sae
s U.aon ~ oe.egst9 20 sny MoPer caann sA
10y. - oaeOus.on. 49, .ne Oouncil May pI0pet
pr09vaoe y ordinance TOE tne removal O
pollce p tne mayo..e mas tne man n
ner a5a way pfescr1oeo oy the counoii oy
acs or s ZEE tor me Iemovai q poace.
me p0Mer nas neen deiegated 70 sne may
q ana - my opinion yon can remove ON
ooIs % sne ponce ana denRnate tneir sue
ces:ois, az long ae me ordinances remain IN
sneir present oondita9n. slened'
KoB'T b sATH, City Atty.
10 Hon. Donald Bradford, Mayor.
IN the question OF the appointment Of
Calvin. Wilmer, Lissner and several others
demanded the ayes and noes. The vote
stood: Ayes Gallagher, Theme, Dunn.
Nays-Lissner, Connolly, Steele, Garrett,
spencer, Hartw1g, Brown, Richards, Wit
mer. Hanley. Acknowledgement.
Inc mayor leaned back in his chair and
looked a. cool % cake of ice whom the
vote was announced. Dunn got up and
said that he had heard that he had been
paid $26 to vote aye. and he wanted to earn
y. This remark caused the first laugh of
the evening.
The city fathers then decided TO accept
city lot for hose house in the Seventh
ward. The price is $3.50. The lot is on
Eighth avenue near Hoback.
proposed ordinance was then sent to
the clerks desk which was the councils
reply to the mayor. It virtually strips the
removal of appointive officers. Hereafter
he may suspend an officer and prefer
charges against him, which the, council
may investigate, but that body alone will
have the power to remove from Office.
Dunn opposed it because he thought it
would conflict with the charter. Connolly
told him that the council would take care
:. Theme fhss s''e who is a brother-in-law
Of Ex-Policeman Tracy, thought that
it was discredit to the council
and an insult to the city to bring about a
clash between the marshal and the mayor.
officers. II had been stated by an alderman
that the mayor should be held responsible
in this matter. Now it seemed that re-
sponslbility was to be shifted on the city
marshal Or somebody else. According to
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
Has or Bonnets

A nice long hair hare mun only q st Tho b.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
Wedding presents At The Bee Hive
A fine line Of artificial flowers 1t The Bee Hive

Mrs.. LAmbsrton has lsased Electric hall. and
viii sublet for entertainments. Her claeeee IA
dancing and physical culture will be organized
immedaately, and pupils desl.ln1 70 Join Or make
Lamberton at hall between ten and twelve
O'Clock mornings.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Latest novelties in millinery at Nisa
Kingsley's, corner Park and Sixth avenues,
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

L3des' cloth jackets At half price ct the / K. l.
Bazaar.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
Sincerely YOurs,
Mrs. JENNIE EDWARDS.

HELENA. Mont, Oct. 81, 1870.
ron my sincere thanks for the benefit have re-
ceived from the use Of your mineral water. /
ms very bad with kidney disorder. But, after
asing your spring water for oae month, must
ldmit that am entirely we'll Wishing you suc-
tess In placing 1t before tho people, am, dear
DR.. Yours Respectfully, FRED voNEsCHEN.
Pstients wishing to use the wnter for Nj
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Tho Bee Hive Il ct No. North Main street. Be
sure ard visit this place. ~ 1t viii surely pay you
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Leave orders for wood ut Norris Brother,
On Broadway.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Toys and dolls Of every description at The Bee
Hive
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

The Bee Hive is crowded With now goods.
Mems underwear at reduced prices ct the L !.
/. Bazaar.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Ladies' and children's wintsr hose just 70
ceivod q The Bee Hive.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Msa's suits and overcoats for lsss than cost
hs 4. x. L. Bazaar. -
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
Cloak sale still continues It The Bee Hive.

Overcoats q lass than cost It tho L I. L. IA
Eaar,
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Photograph albums, 50 kinds, At The Bee Hive.
Plnsh cloAks, jackets and capes It the I. <. L.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

Felt Sole slippers for ol.Oo
At New England shoe store.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
HAIR Chains ana switcI

slk plush seal mum. only g st Tbs b. Hive.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19

CEALED PROPOSALS WILL BIZ RECEIVED
2 ls00, for three ysars' lease Of Is city over
farm Specifications can b seen It tho once az
the city engineer. Ths right d rssfved 6 -
iect any and al hids.
WN. J. HARTWI0.
Chairman eewesaes Co0mjtfeA
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-11-19
DONALD BRAp1ORD,
Mayor.

dKLkNA, Mont, Nov. 1S, 1880.
Donald Bradford, Honorable Mayor
Dear Sir:-I have the honor to Acknowledge
the receipt of your letter under date of the
18th inst, referring TO Mr.. Tfacsy's name
being left Oh the list Of regular police on
Gers Tbs reason for leaving Nj. Tracey's
fully refused TO obey my orders; he has
left his beat ON many occasions in viola-
tion of 0rders, and has in every way possi-
BILE tired 70 bring diseredit On my manage
mont al the once Of city marshal. For
theee Reasons suspended him from duty,
While recognize you - The ohisf mag
istrats Of The oity and am 70 certain sx-
tsat mapcnGihls 70 you n ths diDshareo Of
~ dHty, am charged With T. ecneEal
ssviafea q ~ 1oaiee p aMiG1 ~
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-06
The Norfolk ana western.

From the Manufacturers Record.
The story of a railroad company
which has invested $4,000, 900 IN
eight wears and a State that has in.
creased $50 per cent. in iron produc,
ton in ten years is admirably told
elsewhere.
The history of the Norfolk and
Western is entwined with that of the
industrial Virginia-the future
mother of millionaires. One was a
broken down railroad, rs the other
was an undeveloped and compare,
lively impoverished State eight years
ago. Today the Norfolk and West
ern is in a position for prosperity
second to no railroad in America, and
Virginia is sixth among the States in
iron production. Yet this is but the
dawn, and not the mid day, Of pros
perity for both the railroad company
and its territory.
The Manufacturers Record takes
pleasure in publishing this statement
Of facts, unsought and unsolicited on
the part of railroad company which
has persued policy SO liberal in
spirit, wise in conception, systematic
and consistent in application anC
magnificent in results. Frederick ]
Nimball and his associates have
ouilded with admirable foresight anC
have laid foundations broad and deel
for permanent and enormous pros
perity. Virginia has been fortunate
in such giant ally, to which sht
owes her accelerated development
but whose liberality she will repa!
usuriously with the multiplying traf
fic of her mines, mills, furnaces, forests
oDd fields
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-06
TRUSTEES SALE

Byvirtue of a deed of trust executed
to me as trustee from Mrs. M. H..
Martin and J. Il. Martin, her husband,
dated January Goth, 1883, and OF
record in the clerks Office of the
Hastings court for the city of Roam
oke, Va, Pm deed book II, page 293,
to secure to Jacob w. NJ. Keeling the
payment of the sum of $3.50. payable
in 3, 6, 0, 70. Is, IS, 81, a ard 81
months from the Goth day of January,
1888, with interest on each payment
until paid, and each payment being
in the sum of $50 each.
And, whereas, default having been
made in the two last mentioned pay
ments, at the request of the benefici-
airy, the undersigned as trustee, Will
sell to the highest bidder at public
auction in front of the premises, on
Tuesday, the 9th day of September,
1890, at 5 p. H., that certain lot or
parcel of land, together with the i'm
provements thereon, lying and being
in the city of Roanoke, Va, bounded
and described as follows, to wit:
Beginning at the southwest corner
of Ruthei ford and Brooke streets,
thence with the latter s. 90 w. 135feet
to a point; thence n. $50 W. 116! feet to
Commonwealth avenue; thence with
the latter n. Ale L. 173 feet to Ruther-
ford street; thence with the latter s.
$50 E. s feet to the place Of beginning.
Terms, cash as to the sum OF Sla2 81
and cost of this sale and the residue
on such terms as will be made known
on the day OF sale.
j. w. BOSWELL.
aus to sept9 Trustee
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-06
Through ono Long CITY.

From the Norfolk Landmark,
The Norfolk and Western railroad
was in court at Lynchburg the other
day on the charge of violating a
statute requiring the trains to be run
at speed of not more than four miles
an hour inside the corporation. The
attorney for the company in address
ing the jury said in substance: Gen
tlemen, this may be the law, but it
will never dot must be changed.
If trains are not to be allowed to make
more than four miles an hour through
the towns and cities along this line,
the wheels fprosress will stop. How
could train ever get from Bristol to
Norfolk with continuous city all the
way--there are streets and avenues
now in sight along the entire distance,
almost"
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-06
TRUSTEES SALE

BY virtue of a deed of trust eX
Brown, dated May the 5th, 1890, and
of record in the clerks Office of the
Hastings Court for the city of Roam
oke, Va, to secure to G. A. Moomaw
the payment of the sum of S1,500.00
payable as follows: One note of
S50. 90 payable in sixty days, eighteen
notes of $50 90 each payable every four
months, and one note of $1,000 payable
in seventy-six months after date, with
interest on each note until paid.
And whereas, default having been
made in the payment of the first men
toned note.a and at the request of the
holder thereof the undersigned as
trustee will sell to the highest bidder
at public auction in front of the
premises on Friday the 5th day of
September 1890, at o'clock P. NJ.
that certain house and lot on the
South side of Tazewell ST., in the
City of Roanoke, Va, described as
follows to wit: LotNo. in section 8,
as shown on map of Belmont Land
Company.
Beginning at point on the South
side of Tazewell ST., 120 feet west
of Belmont Boulevard; thence with
Tazewell st. West 40 feet to a point;
thence South between parallel lines
1870 feet to an alley
Terms The sum of 81, .OOpayable
in II payments of $4,000 each in
every four months from the 9TH day
of Sept, 1890, and one payment tof
the sum of $1,000 payable in u
months from the 9TH day Of Septem-
Der, 1890, each of the said payments
bearing interest from the 9Th day of
May 1890, and the residue payable in
cash. ]. w. BOSWELL,
2taw-tds Trustee.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-06
SHORE PARK HOTEL
VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA.

The Ocean Shore Park Hotel, Vir
ginia Beach, in Princess Anne county,
Virginia, at the ocean terminus OF the
Norfolk andVirginia Beach Railroad
offers to the public a long-felt want.
1t is an ocean shore resort within
the means of all. The hotel is new,
being its first season, with a first class
table, large, airy rooms, and newly
furnished throughout.
THE BATHING. The surf bath
ing is unsurpassed by sny upon the
Atlantic coast. The absence of any
undertow being a marked feature.
The temperature of the water is
warmer, and the bathing more pro
longed than on the New jersey. u
Long Island Coast.
HEALTH RESORT. AS a health
resort, it has been pronounced as com
pared with Atlantic City and Fort
ress Monroe, to have many superior
natural advantages, both winter and
summer.
water bathing, Grabbing, Bowling,
Tennis, Horseback and Switch-back
riding may be INDUCED in. Music
throughout the season. The Western
Union Telegraph Company has an
office on the Beach.
TRANSPORTATION. There are
seven trains daily Except Sunday,
each way between Norfolk and Vir-
ginia Beach. Four trains each way
on Sunday. For all other informa-
ton address
GEO. II. QUACKENBOS,
Ocean Shore Park hotel,
je9 If. Virginia Beach, Va.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-06
PEA FOR coon ROADS.

The Boston Herald calls attention to
the wonderful increase in the popula-
g.zetsao.ss;slpess., and says it is
due 10 her good roads, declaring that
wherever towns have spent money
freely upon their highways, aud kept
them IN good repair, the increase in
population has amply compensated tie
community for its expenditures.
1t is true the word oyer. Popula-
ton, enterprise, and wealth follow the
pathway of good roads. 1t is as true
OF dirt roads as of railways. Witness
the shrewdness of heavy real estate o?
orators, who provide their suburban
tracts with fine roadways at a cost often
exceeding the original cost OF the SUD-
division.
The county which viii boldly spend
thousands of dollars in permanently re-
building its highways. where it now
speads hundreds in patching them for a
season. will gel back its investment
five fold in increased land values.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-06
r.,p urNsnoM COMING.

Fourteen Southern States show anav-
erage Of 9,ssq1aFe miles toevery mile
of railroad. The average forthe North,
western States, beginning with Ono,
is s.s square miles to every nile o.
railroad. There is deep significance
IN this comparison.
The Soush has more fertile sou
than the West. II has heavier forests
and richer and more extensive mines.
Its soil is capable Of greater develop
ment and will support a krsei pu-
lation. It's climate is more equaole'
and its water communications and sea-
board lines giveit greater facilities lor
commercial intercourse.
What isto be read between the
lines That Just SO surely as men
live by developing the natural resources
of the earth. population will gather
most thickly where the natural adj
vantages of climate, soil, minerals, are
together, and where communication is
most easily established.
Is it not Within the vision OF the
least prophetic eye, then, that the
South will eventually gam the snprem-
acy in the United States, which comes
from a dense population, magnideenily
developed aud diversified industries,
and unparalleled communication by rall
and watess?
Settled, selt-closhed, and self.srs-
tainrng, the south's destiny is not yet
writ in letters; but those 'etters are be-
ipg hammered from her soil and mines
Her population will double, her indus
tries treble, and her wealth become
fourfold in the pexs twenty-five years