, 1890-09-09

NAfNN - -" ~ NA9f al AAG hhN
artisan in New Hampshire at the same
time got 80 per day; 10 New York he got
SI.75 per day in Providence he got
$3.50 per day; in Illinois he got 81. 50 per
day.
In the iron and steel business, the me-
chaDic in 1880 got Sis per week, in
Maryland the same artisan got SO. 10 per
week, while in 1860, under a low tariff,
the same artisan received in New Jersey
sl5 per week, being more than he re-
csived under a protective tariff in 1880,
in Pennsylvania, Kentucky aud Michi-
gan.
During the existence of the same tariff
in 1880 the rate Of wages has fuctuated
not only in different states. but 10 the
same state. In Catasauaua, Pennsyl-
~yania, the wages Of this same artisan was
5000 per week, while in another town
of the same state they were $3.50 per
week. In 1880 IN Ashland, Ky, the
wages Of this same artisan changed from
sli to SIS. 80. 10 1876 he got $50 25 per
week; from 1870 to 1875 he got $40 per
week, no change Of tariff having taken
place.
10 the Vrist and -four mills III 1880 in
California. the engineer got from 81 to IS
per day; while in Knoxville Tenn, (the
bulk of population being protective) this
same artisan gets G5 cents per day for the
same work while 10 1860. under a low
Walker tariff this same artisan got the
same wages IN California as in 1880. In
Illinois he got from big to 50. "a per day
in 1880. In Indiana he got from 81. soto
81 per day for the same work; in New
York he got 81 per day.
Take the locomotive works. la Indi-
ana, from 1872 till 1850, wages ranged
from 1925 to 5000 per day; in New
Hampshire the same artisan got 81 co;
in Pennsylvania he got $3.50, and so on
in the whole field of industries, u different
rate of wagcs is shown to exist and has
existed beyond question or doubt. Hence,
Judging FROM effects, we cannot attribute
diversity Of results to that, which in its
operation should produce a uniformity;
consequently we must look, not to the
tariff, but to natural causes and other sur
roundings as controlling factors in the
wages of labor. One OF these factors is
the combination of organized labor, which
serve as a s~alutary check on the aggran.
dizement of the employer. In Great
Britain and the United States these com-
binatIons are stronger and better organized
than in other countries; and in these TWO
countries wages are higher. SUNNY and
demand of products enter largely as a
factor in the rate of w,ges Wbe,oyor
H..
'H'i' 10 ~" O~'eIPIouuctlon VI any prouuct'
the demand for It decreases, the price
falls. SO with labor; when times are
~prosperous and work plentiful tho volre
81 L.
"uu eoWm1uus '"e Iate
oil wages Again, the comparative skill
in mechanism adds much as a factor in
the value of labor So that greater skill
uiu comn.nd ,bo
rh Vi ""s'
put II tarih equalizes wages, the higher
should be the wages as between different
countries, and labor should command
| bettpr Comp aneation in prntaofnI ,n,ptrioo
- 1900
ena" III eomparatiVeIy Tree trauee countries
Great Britain Is practically a free trade
country, but the value of labor is greater
nv 90 m 75 nor cant than in Eroroo T,oIy
"a ca-m.u a.L;.L - N N+'
II "S' "n''n are all pIo'eo'i'e
countries Besides, the conditions are
more equal as between the continent of
Europe and Great Britain than AS be.
,weep Tho Tro;tod S,o,os ID Fec
o.. u"
Du' II Is Shlu tu"t the Tree OF
commerce between nations will eQualiZe
wages. This assertion is not verified by
present conditions. A commercial inter
course Is carried on extensively between
England, France, Germany and Italy;
nevertheless, their scale OF wages varies
from so TO 100 per cent, Great Britain
paying higher wages than France, France
paying higher than Germany and Ger
many higher than Italy.
L think 1t is true that the danger to the
wage Garner lies, not in international
exchange. but in the contraction OF pro
ductye establishments in our own
country. The census report of the United
States show that the number of manu-
factories is decreasing. although the
output is on the increase. The
consequence will be that the smaller and
independent establishments will be forced
from the field of manufacture and driven
to the market of labor at the mercy oil
the large establishments.
But II the OBJECT of a protective tariff is
| 20 ug,r Ituh,u 800. g.. liz. IL,