Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-02-05
CAUSE OF THUNDER.
How Sonorous Results Come from Infin-
itesfmal Causes.

How Sonorous Results Come from Infin-
itesimal Causes.
Much has been written concerning the
cause of thunder, but for the most part
the explanations merely cause us to
wonder how such sonorous results can
come from such infinitesimal causes.
Thus a line of nothing emanates from
nowhere; goes nowhere, acts for the
Least conceivable period of time. Dur
ing this time the surrounding air be-
comes incandescent, and remains so for
an instant only, just long enough to
mark path, the flash leaving by con-
trast blacker darkness than before.
The air thus expanded by the heat
from resistance contracts to it's original
place.
Let us pass the first imponderable
and see if we can not find results in
ponderable substances adequate to the
production of this deafening and rever-
berating effect which we call thunder.
Take bulb having neck curved up
so that the end may be immersed in
vessel of water at slightly higher
level. Solder in the bulb a piece of
platinum wire; fill the bulb ard a Pipe
with water, the upper end being SUBJ
merged as stated. Connect the wire in
circuit with a battery of say two or
three Grove cells. The wire becomes
heated by the current, the water boils,
and we have the wire surrounded by an
atmosphere of aqueous vapor. Suppose
the vapor represents the cloud forma-
ton, and the wire the line of the cleo
trical effect, the lightning's path
We have here our current in full con-
tact with aqueous vapor, which it rap
idly decomposes. The oxyhydrogen gas,
passing off in bubbles can readily be
collected in a receiver.
The law of diffusion of gases, of
course. at all times operative, is not so
nearly instantaneous in it's action as is
often supposed If the water is blown
out of boiler while the furnace walls
are yet hot. and if the manhead is
Knocked in, after time steam will
cease to escape. To all appearances the
boiler is full of air. Insert lighted
torch for better inspection; the light is
as instantaneously and effectually ex-
tinguished as if dipped into water. It
is simply an atmosphere of steam,
though considerable time has been al
lowed for diffusion.
The rise of the gases in the bulb
shows that they occupy very much
greater space than the vapor from
which they were derived. There is,
however, this difference between the
vapor in experiment and that of the
al md no 7a+4 - e
water finely divided. but, neverthe-
less, water in fact, while in the
bulb the vapor is not water, but steam
the gaseous condition, which, at at
mOspheric pressure as in this case, &C.
cupies a space 1,700 times greater than
the water from which it was derived
The still further division, resulting in
the disintegration of the steam in the
bulb into its constituent elements, oxy-
gen and hydrogen, respectively, though
Observation-Disclosures gas-results as al
ready stated, in greatly augmented vol
ume. Thus we see an immense dis
placement of air, how great is left to
our imagination to conjecture, as the
best constructed tables of volumes give
no exact and reliable inform alton, as
the conditions are wanting. While the
electrical effect is at its height the
gases which are forming are highly
rarified and thus occupy a relatively
large space.
With the decrease of electrical effect
and consequent heat, the repulsive effect
Is decreased, and when the decline has
reached the proper point, recon bina-
ton is instantly effected; the whole
volume of gas is instantly withdrawn,
leaving an insignificant small amount
of water in its place. The remaining
walls, moisture laden, rush in from all
sides to fill the void, producing terrific
conclusion. 1t is scarcely necessary to
advert to the rolling reverberations,
for, with the prime cause ascertained,
the secondary effects naturally fol-
low. Intense electrical action will in
duce chemical action otherwise improb-
able; thus, hydrogen by diffusion will
come in contact and combine with a
large per cent. of oxygen, resulting in
ozone; and as a trace of ammonia is
found after thunder storms it seems
probable that through catalysis a small
amount of the liberated hydrogen may
unite with a small amount of nitrogen.
We take it that the formation of these
two products tends to strengthen the
hypothesis. Western Electrici an.
THE OPTIC NERVE.