The morning call., 1890-11-23

NO uplulOH VIII De gwen III tIiis COiuhih iSE'tAa
ing the reliability or character OF any person OF
firms in this city or elsewhere 49,. ,.,uo
Questions, answers 10 which are In the nature
Of an advertisement, Will not be answered.
Every inquiry must have the true ana 1uii
name OF the sender, as well as the correct resi-
Gtnce. ANY inquiry that has not the cor
rect name and address of the sender will
. be treated as If it was not signed. and the
writer need not expect an answer.
F%<TATE JUDICIARY-M. S. H, GOleta,
H Cal.-The judicial systems of the
SarSS several States are too widely
different to permit of brief explain
tti0ns. In some OF them, courts Of
equity are distiEct from those of law,
v lille in others the same Tribunals exercise
10th functions and in still others all distinc-
tiCn between actions at law and suits in
equity is abolished. The manner of elect
ing Judges also varies and from time to time
In California the courts of justice are the
Court of Impeachment, the Supreme Court
the Superior Courts, the justices Courts
and The Police Courts. The first named is
the Senate and has of course jurisdiction
to try impeachments. when presented by
The Assembly, for any misdemeanor IN Of
fee by certain officers. The Supreme Court,
TO which has lately been added n commits
sion Of five TO relieve tie oveIburlened cal
endar. IS Of course, the highest State tri-
bunal and has original jurisdiction in mar
damus, cert0rari, prohibition and habeas
corpus proceedings and appellate jurisdic-
ton in all cases Of equity, except such as
arise in justices courts; in all cases in
volyipg the title or possession Of real
estate or the legality of any tax, etc, in
which the demand, inclusive Of interest, or
tie value of the property IN controversy eX-
ceedS $500; in ali cases of fOrcibe entry and
'detaiuer, proceedings III insolvency, actions
10 prevent or abate nuisance, and in all
probate matters; in all special proceedings
and in all criminal proceedings III court of
record on questions OF law alone. 1t Is the
appellate tribunal from the Superior Court.
Every county has q Superior Court and in
:. some there is more than one department of
that court, as, for instance, III San Fran
cisco, where there are twelve 1t has
original jurisdiction IN all caseS u equity :,
civil actions in which the subject of litisa-
ton is not capable of pecuniary estimation :;
in. all cases OF law involving title or posses
sion OF real property, or the legality OF any
tax, assessment, etc, wherein the demand
is for more than $500; If actions of fotcible
entry and detainer; insolvency, probate,
: nuisance, divorce and like and all special
proceedings not otherwise provided for ;
III all criminal cases of felony
and also misdemeanOr not provided
Tor, besides naturalization, mandamuS,
ceTtiorari, prohibition, quo warranto and
Eabe as corpus proceedings, the processes of
the court extending TO all paris of the State.
Its appellate jurisdiction is in cases arising
in justices and other inferior courts in its
respective county. justices courts in this
State are of several kinds, and in civil and
other cases appeal hes in the Superior Court.
In unincorporated towns and townships
Justices of the Peace are also committing
magistrates, as the Police Judges are
: in incorporated towns. The civil juris-
diction of the justices Court, which
is not a court of record, is limited
to q city and county when il such, and to a
township when in such division of territory.
This court has jurisdiction in certain cases
where the money demand does not exceed
e $500 and limited concurrent jurisdiction
with The Superior Court within their town
ships-aS, for instance, in foTCible entry and
Getainer, with the rental value not ex-
CeediDg S25 per month, and actions to
enforce and forecCse liens on personal
property, where neither the amount OF the
lien noI the value of the properly amounts
To- $40. IL has also jurisdiction OF certain
misdt meanors and crimes committed within
The county. Police courts are found only
in incorporated cities and counties, cities
ard towns, have jurisdiction of stated
-misdemeanor crimes as trial courts and of
felonies as committing magistrates In the
first named. appeal lies to the Superior
Court.
NATIONAL JUDICIARY-M S. H, Goleta,
CaL-1Le Judicial system adopted by Con-
gless at its first session remains una!tered in
its essential features to the present time, ex-
cept for the addition of the Court of Claims
in 1875. The Judges ale nominated by the
President, confirmed by the Senate. and re-
tain flee during coed behavior. The juris-
dietipn is in general distinct from, but is
Sometimes concurrent with that of State
tribunals. but i'll either case both in law and
eGriiy. The judicial power Of the United
States is vested in Supreme Court, nine
Circuit Courts, the Court of Claims, and
fiiy-nine District Courts. The Supreme
Court has original jurisdiction only of cases
affecting ambassadors, other public minis
: ttIS and col Sul> and those IN which a State
Shall be party; that is, only such cases
can he commenced therein, but cases deeid-
ed in the other F. deral courts can be re-
viewed under prescribed conditions by the
Supreme Court by virtue If its appellate
jurisdiction, being the highest court in
The land. The limits of the original
jurisdictions of the District and Cir
diction- of the latter over the
lormer are provided by law, and into these
details the Q. c. cannot enter. Besides
other matters the Circuit Court has exclu-
sive jurisdiction of patent cases, and the
District Court of admiralty cases. Tie
latter also deals with infractions
of the Customs, Treasury and
postal laws and crimes against the person
within its jurisdiction on land and sea, while
the Circuit Court has charge of cases affect
ing rrop erty and particularly IF cases in
which the litigant5 are residents of other
States or aliens. Tie Court of Claims has,
as its name implies, jurisdiction of claims
against the United States. The Justices OF
tie Supreme Court. besides their functions
as such, are each assigned to one of
the circuits, being then known as
Circuit justices. There is also
separate Circuit judge for each circuit and
a District Judge for each district. Circuit
Courts may be held by tie Circuit JUS
tice, by the Circuit Judge or by
the District Judge sitting alone, OF
by any Of these two or all sitting
together. Besides these regular FEEDER al
courts the Senate sits when necessary and
called upon as court OF impeachment.
The District of Columbia has Supreme
Court over hich the Supreme Court of the
United States has appellate jurisdiction, and
Territorial courts are provided, the Judges
OF WHICH are nominated for four years by
the the, President resi- confirmed o.ti1 by the
Court has also appellate jurisdiction.
Cases decided in the highest court of any
State may also be reviewed by the Supreme
Court, but only when Federal questions are
inyolved-that IS to say, when the contro-
versy deals with the Constitution, laws or
treaties of the United States. Commission
ers act as committing magistrates, and aI-
pealS lie from the District to the Circuit and
from the Circuit 10 the United States ST.
preme Court, speaking in general terms.
LETTER-CARRIERs-E E. A., City. d
A substitute letter-carrier may continue in
that Capacity for a period ranging from two
to twenty-four months before appointment
to regular route. ~ He will probably re-
eeive advancement when vacancy occurs
. aud in the order Of the occurrence of such
vacancies and his number on the substitute
list. There are now fifty such substitute
letter-carrierS, and the Q. c. is free to ad-
mEt that the chances for the fiftieth man
may be somewhat remote. Political influ-
enee may not come amiss in securing such
prefernent. (3) The subject of compensa-
ton is matter with the Department at
Washington, ID. c., and it may be, as YOU
say, that 1.-The car fare is sometimes more
than.they earn" But the compensation is
known, and the substitute accepts the posi-
ton With the knowledge of the poor COM
pensatlon. Then again regular letter-car-
Tlers are permitted to have one months va
Cation every year, and the substitute who
Fills his place temporarily receives his salary
OF $50.