davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Telegram-herald., 1890-09-03

4 large crowd assembled 81 smiths
again last night 20 witness the really
excellent program provided by the man
agement. The Fergusons do a remark
ably fine turn IA dancing. az do TIE
charming htte saxon sisters. Both
were rerratedly recalled. Natnees to-
day, Friday and Saturday.
Telegram-herald., 1890-09-03

'BezceR SIS aIeN tNo excelant
aaa4enoes - tae RoaaoHG tsrand as
ierasY attefaooa and rtomue. ae4e
MAJ * M2Olcls loMuEToe ana >Star.
aSy.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

CARLETON A. SKINNER, the Republi-
can nominee for Member of the Board
of Equalization of this district, is a res
ident of Mooref1eld. He is a native of
Moorefeld township, about 60 years of
age, and is successful farmer and stock
raiser. He has had a varied business
experience, and having lived on the bor-
der of Belmont county, and had busi-
ness and social relations with her peo-
pie for many years, he is acquainted
with her wants as well as he is with the
wants of his native county. He has the
ability and inclination to represent the
district in creditable manner, and is
entitled to the support of all the Repub-
licans of the district.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
PIKE AWARDS

The bids for the construction of the
system Of turnpikes in Pultney township
was opened by the Commissioners or
Monday. There were five bidders for all
or portion of the work and the awards
showing total of S8OOSO, were made as
| follows:
Section 1-Bellaire and Wegee pike to
Dougherty & Co., for SO, 760.
Sections l and 2, Bellaire and West
Wheeling, to same for S336O and $2SOC
respectively.
Sections l and 2, Bellaire and st. Clairs-
vile, to same at $4650 and $3.50 respect
lively.
Sections and 4, to w. J. McClain, for
S427S and S5125.
Bellaire and McMahon's Creek was
awarded as follows:
Sections |, 5 and 6, to Daugherty & Co.,
1926, $4560 and $3645 respectively.
Sections 2, $500, 3, $4,000, 4, S4S75, to
w. j. McClain.
Bellaire and Jacobsburg was awarded
as follows:
1st, 5th and 9th sections to w. J. Nc
Claim for S5l25, $4,000, $4,000 respectively;
and Sd and 4th to DOugherty Il Co. for
S4840 and $5l40 respectively.
The bid on the second section was tie
at $4,000, and is not yet awarded
A NUMBER of cases of typhoid fever
are reported at Burr's Mills.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
I'ittsburg Market.
PITTSBURG, Oct. Z,

APPLES 50d4.5O Per barrel
BUTTER-Creamery, Eigin, DC; Ohio do
2302ic; fresh dairy packed. 1S@l9c; fancy
country rolls, 1S0Dlac.
BERRIES-Grapes. Concords, 2S1030o per
basket; Delawares, $50 l0c per basket: cram
berries. S300613.50 per box; plums S500lI6.0J
per bushel: ounces. $60007.0O per barrel.
CHEESE-Ohio cheese. mild, August make,
lie; New York cheese, lO1.9llc; Limburger,
consin brick Sweitzer, lS0l3lsc: imported
Swei:zer, 25lac.
EGGS-2lds22c per dozen for strictly fresh.
POULTRY-Spring chickens, 3 3055c per
pair; old. OJ91oc per pair; dressed, llDl2c per
pound; ducks, 60970c.
VEGETA ABLES-Potatoes, g0I195c per BUSH
ell; southern sweets, Ss.25G25 50 per barrel; Jer-
sey, S3.GA6gS25: cabbage. S3.O0G15.0) per hun
dred; onions, S3Tj0LC0 per barrel; green
onions. Sl25 per bushei: onions, $3.50 for lS0-
pound basket; green beans, 65@75c per basket:
Ter bushel; celery, 2j6l30c per dozen punches;
turnips, 5Uc per bushel; peppers, Sl.u0l.25 per
bushel.
WHEAT-No. 2 red, sl.G1@l.O3; No. 8, 99c@
Sl.OO.
CORN-No. yellow ear, 6l@62c; high mixed
ear, 59l1d)c; M. = yellow, shelled, 5I6l54ISc;
high mixed shell corn, $50 SOC.
OATS-No. |. i5G1i5lsc; No.2 white, 44D4llsc:
extra No. ., 42CDi21sc; mixed oats, 40ls6o4lc.
FLOUR-Jobbing prices-tancy spring and
winter patent eou:, S6.O0lD625; fancy straight
6p5.5O; clear winter, S5NGD5.25: straight MIX
bakers, Si7I6o5.0o. Rye fiour, Si.2s@LD
HAY-Baled timothy No. |, Sl05lIoll.0f No.
2 do, S9OOll9.5t loose from wagon, SllUOGhl3.00,
according to quality; No. : prairie hay, $500
300; packing do, SS0O61S.i0.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

THE people of Belmont county now
have an opportunity to vote for one of
her citizens to represent them in Con-
gress and they should not be backward
in embracing it. Col. Poorman has
long been identified with the county's
interests, he has been public spirited
and to the best of his ability sought to
advance the material welfare of the
county. By word and pen for over
thirty years he has sought to place in the
best light possible before the public the
resources and greatness of this sec
tion of the state, and has accomplished
much in drawing attention to its superb
ority as a place for investment an d
homes. He understands thoroughly the
public questions in which we are inter
ested as locality and would make a
strong and able Congressman. Belmont
county people, especially, should see to
it, that Col. Poorman gets big vote.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

THERE is great satisfaction, says the
Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, in the
assurance by census reports that stories
of the mortgaging of Western farms
have been grossly and dishonesty exag-
gerated by free trade politicians. Gen.
orally speaking, Western farmers who
have been industrious and moderately
prudent are in good financial condi-
ton. A large percentage of the amount
of mortgages is for money used to pur-
chase lands, which are being rapidly
paid for. The free traders are hard up
for arguments. If it would serve their
purpose they would bring indictments
against building associations for put
ting mortgages on poor mems homes,
ignoring the fact that these institutions,
in which people put their small savings,
deserve credit for giving thousands of
poor families homes Of their own.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
NO WORD OF EXPLANATION.

Highly Sensational Suicide of Louis.
Esslinger, the Bride of Few Hours.
REDWOOD, CAL, Oct. Ga highly
sensational suicide occurred here yester
day morning. Saturday night Louise
Esslinger, aged %, was married tc
George Wehrlin at the residence of he1
uncle, c. Groner. At o'clock yester.
day morning she and her husband went
to their new residence. She refused tc
'llow him to enter her room and he was
obliged to return to Groner's house
AT o'clock he returned to his house
and found his wife dead in bed. In the
bed We're few grains of crystal sub
stance, the nature of which has not yet
been ascertained. She left no word OF
explanation.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

GOVERNOR CAMPBELL in his brief
term of public life has had a mighty
sight to say about the "FOraker Boards" ="
but never had the gall to say anything
half so bad about them as he has been
compelled to charge in regard to the
Campbell Board of Cincinnati. The only
fault he had to find with the "Foraker
Boards" was that they were appointed
by Republican Governor, instead OF
being elected. The Cincinnati Board
of Public Improvements appointed by
himself is just as Objectionable on the
same ground, and besides that, the
Democratic members are charged with
dishonesty by the Governor. When it
is remembered that the Governor knew
of the character of these men when he
appointed them, he is placed in most
pitiable light before the people of the
State.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
THE CONFESSION OF FAITH
tHE IMPORTANT EVENT OF THE YEAR
IN PRESBYTERIAN CIRCLES.

PITTsBURG. Oct. THE most i'm
portant event in Presbyterian circles
this year will be the meeting in this
city tomorrow of the general assembly
committee on the revision of faith. The
outside community is watching to see
what these modern theologians will do
with the work of the Westminster dl-
vines. The long-continued agitation on
the subject of revision eliminated in
the last meeting of the general assem-
bly, when the committee was appointed.
1t was constituted of % members. Is
clergymen and 10 laymen, including
many of the ablest and most prominent
gentlemen of the denomination. The
clergymen all have big titles, and seven
of them have been moderators of the
Presbyterian general assembly and
seven are theological professors. Two
others are college presidents.
Distinguished Committeeman.
Among the laymen, all of whom are
ruling elders, are some of the most
prominent men in the United States.
The following are the members of the
committee: Ministers, Professor Francis
L. Patton, D. D., LII. D.; Professor
William Henry Green, d. D., LII. D.;
President Thomas S. Hastings, D. D.,
LII. D.: Professor Matthew B. Riddle,
D. D., LII. D.; Professor Willis J.
Beecher, D. D.; Professor Edward ID.
Morris, D. D., LII. D.; Professor Herrick
johnson, D. D., IL D.; Professor Will
lam Alexander, D. D.; President Will
lam c.. Roberts, d. D., LII. D.; William
E. Moore, D. D.; Henry J. Van Dyke,
D. D.; EbeneZer Erskine. D. D.; James
T. Leftwich, D. D.: Samuel J. Niccolls,
D. D., LII. D.; Edward R. Burkhalter,
D. D.
The elders are: Ex-United States
Judge William Strong, ex-senator
Samuel J. R. Mcmillan, ex-Judge AL
Henry B. Saylor, Hon. Winthrop S
William Ernst, Charles NJ. Chanley,
ESQ.,, and George Junkin, Esq.
Half of Them PennsyIvanians.
These men are from New York, Phila
delphia, Washington. Baltimore, Pitts
burg, Cincinnati, st. Louis, Chicago
San Francisco and various other part:
of the country One-half of them are
natives of Pennsylvania, and several Of
them are foreigners by birth. The ses
sions of the committee will be held il
one of the lecture rooms of the West
ern Theological seminary, which may
thus become the Jerusalem chamber
of the institution. The first bushes.
will be TO elect a permanent chairman
to which position it is very likely thu
Rev. William c. Roberts, the presen
temporary chairman, will be elected.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

WITH population of less than one
half that of Belmont, and commercial
and agricultural importance in no wise
comparable, Monroe county has dom.
mated for over thirty years, the Belmont,
Monroe judicial district, and now seeks
to dominate the Congressional district.
Belmont county had some bright and
able Democrats who might have been
chosen to represent the party had not
the insatiate greed of Monroe lawyers
prevented it.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
ACOLORED WOMAN AGED III.

One of the Discoveries of the Police Gen.
sus Taken in New York.
New YORK, Oct. Cone of the police
census takers has unearthed negro
woman who is said to be III years old.
Her name is Mrs. Lucy Ridley, and she
is able to be about the house, though
blind and partially deaf Up to few
years ago, when her memory failed her,
she was much sought after by neighbors
for her interesting "reminiscences of
"Gen. Washington's war" It is be-
heved that there are seven generations
of her descendants living, but her chill
dren by three husbands were mostly
scattered by the changes incident to
slave dealing in the south. She is living
with her elderly granddaughter at 75e
Greenwich street, this city.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

TwENTY-EIGHT years ago Saturday
was fought the battle of Corinth, Miss.
in which the rebels, encouraged by a
small success won the preceding day,
attempted to capture the town, but were
repulsed with great slaughter, and pur-
sued for sixty miles by the Union caval-
ry, and twenty-six years ago Sunday was
fought the battle of Allatoona, Georgia,
in which Hoods attempt to get in rear
of Sherman was beaten off, with loss
to the rebels of 1900, by Union force
of only LOO, under Gen. Corse.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
A POINTER FOR BUSINESS MEN


New York Tribune.
Business men have been complaining
for year of the paraliyzing effects of
tariff discussion. During the protracted
struggle over the Mckinley bill they
have been transacting business under
embarrassing conditions, not having
trustworthy assurances of the future
conditions of manufacturing production
and trade. 1t is conceded that the feeling
of uncertainty caused by the introduction
of any Tariff measure, however desirable
retards and disturbs to greater or less
extent the development of commercial
enterprise. The successive attempts of
Democratic House of Representatives
to reduce the tariff schedules and Presi-
dent Cleveland's Free Trade Message
unsettled the conditions of general
business. The Mckinley bill also Gre
ated much uncertainty in business
circles, since for a long time doubt was
entertained respecting the practicability
of uniting both Houses of Congress on
measure at once so complex and COM
prehensive. Its final passage will be
hailed with public satisfaction, not only
because it is measure of infinite value
to American industry, but also because
it will bring to an end a transition period
during which manufacturers and mer-
chants have been uncertain of their
grouud. Now that the Tariff bill has
been enacted, they can adapt their
business to the new economic order.
They will know where they stand and
what they may reasonably expect from
season of settled trade under normal
conditions.
| Naturally, the business community,
which has suffered from the continuous
operation of uncertainty and consequent
depression for long period, will desire
to have total cessation of tariff agita-
tion and debate. The return of a Re-
publican House in the November cleo
tions will involve a fulfillment of its
hopes. With the tariff admirably read
| iusted at this session after an exhaustive
investigation and a labOriOus struggle,
another Republican Congress will not
reopen thE debate. 1t will be content
to watch the effect of the pending
measure as enacted and 10 concentrate
its attention upon other public questions.
On the other hand, the election of a
Democratic House will prolong the
period of agitation and uncertainty,
since it will restore to power party
pledged to undo the work of a Republi-
can Congress. The Mills bill will be
revived. This is contingency which
| practical business men will have to face
during the FIVE weeks intervening before
the November elections. They have
been loud in their complaints of the
unsettling effects of tariff discussion at
Washington upon the general condition
of business. Very well; if they do not
want continuance of tariff agitation
and a prolongation of the period of
business uncertainty, let them exert
their influence earnestly in favor of a
return of Republican House.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

ALL medical authorities agree that ca
tarrh is no more nor less than an inflam-
nation of the lining membrane of the
nasal air passages. Nasal catarrh and
all catarrhal affections of the head are
not diseases of the blood. and it is seri-
GUS mistake to treat them as SUCH No
conscientious physician ever attempts to
do so. 1t is held by eminent medical
men that sooner or later Il specific will be
found for every disease from which hui
manity suffers. The facts justify US in
assuming that for catarrh at least pos
tive cure already exists in Ely's Cream
Balm. 10-22t
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

THE Democracy are making desperate
efforts to capture the Board of Com
missioners of the county, that they may
get control of the charitable institutions
of the county. Republicans everywhere
should understand that Mr.. W. s.
Mechen, the Republican candidate, is a
man of good common sense, frmness of
purpose and experience in bushes
affairs. His moral and religious char
acter is above reproach, and he is
deserving the cordial support of Repub-
licans in every voting precint.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

NEW CASES IN COMMON PLEAS.
Since our last report the following new
cases have been filed in the Office of the
Clerk of Common Pleas Court:
Melina Monroe VS.. J. A. Fish ct al
Partition.
Franklin Gooch vs. John Weekly. Ap
peal by defendant from docket of W. w
Watt.
The Penn'a Co. VS.. David Loe. Eject
ment.
Nancy Bolon VS.. w. L. Bolon, dm'r
Joseph e. Bolon. Suit for money; amt
claimed S400.
John w. Hinkle VS.. Elizabeth A. Hin
kle. Divorce; cause willful absence.
Alice Gillian VS.. CASTOR Gillian. Di-
vorce; extreme cruelty.
Thomas Cochran VS.. John Pollock,
admir- Nancy Cochran, decd.
Charles W. Mccoy VS.. Mary NJ. Mccoy
Divorce; willful absence.
Lucinda Harris VS.. James Harris. Di-
vorce; willful absence.
Thomas Mccormack, Jr., minor, by
his next friend, VS.. Frank Odernal. Civil
Damages; amount claimed 5000.
State of Ohio VS.. Clancy Gilham. AS
sault.
Rhoda Jane Teets VS.. Jesse Williams.
Bastardy. Transcript from docket of e.
p. Rhinehart, j. P Somerset township.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

THE session of Congress which ended
last week extended over 303 days-the
second longest in the history of the
country. The record was broken two
years ago, when the first session of the
Lth Congress stretched itself out over
321 days. A more impressive and in
structive contrast than is presented by
these two long sessions, during the first
of which the House was controlled by
Democrats, it would be difficult to
imagine.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

OVER five thousand mortgages, amount
ing to more than three-quarters of a
million dollars, have been Cancelled
in a score of Kansas counties since
the first of the present year. 1t is prob
able that no better showing by peo-
pie getting out of debt could be made
were the affairs of Kansas turned over
to the free trade Democrats. The ca.
lamity editors on the Democratic press
in Kansas should do little figuring on
this problem.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

THE following would indicate that
there is still hope for the paralyzed.
Frank Cornelius, Purcell, Indian Ter,
says: 81 induced Mr. PinsOn, whose wife
had paralysis i'll in the face, TO try bot
tie of Chamberlain's Pain Balm. To their
great surprise before the bottle had been
face had been drawn to one side; but the
Pain Balm relieved all pain and soreness
and the mouth assumed its natural
shape" 1t is also unequalled for rheu-
matism, lame back. sprains, swellingS
and lameness 30 cent bottles for sale
by j. b. IIoge, Druggist. 10 At.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
THE MARKETS.
New York Money Market.

New YORK, Oct.7.
Money closed at per cent, the lowest rate;
highest, per cent.
Exchange closed steady; posted rates. 81 S2ls
GAS; actual rates, SiSl34Gll.S2 for sixty days
and S4S7@1tS74 for demand.
Government bonds closed steady; currency
6's, l.l4 bid; as coupon, 1221s bid: ass do 104
bid.
Pacific railroad bonds closed as follows:
Union first, 1.l54 bid: do sinking funds, ], 10
bid; Centrals, l.l3A bid.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
East Liberty Cattle Market.
EAST L1nErrY, PA. Oct =


CATTLE-Receipts 1890 head; shipments,
1,3,0 head; market very dull; 10 to 20c off from
last weeks prices; 100 cars on sale: IS cars
shipped 10 New York.
H0GS-Recepts, 7,l50 head: shipments, 9, 100
head; market active: Philadelphias, S4aO6
$40: corn-fed Workers, S4.l560l.56; common
and grassers, 81 l0lD4.25; pigs, SlUGOlOO; is
cars for New York
SHEEP-Recoipts, a70O head; shipments,
400 head; market slow; shade OF from last
weeks prices.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
DESIRABLE
FARM FOR SALE.

offer for sale the farm owned by the late Daniel
Peck, situated in Riehland township, Belmont
county, Ohio, on the National Road, one and half
miles west OF st. Clairsyille. The farm contains
about III acres of good and well-lying land; well
watered in good state OF cultivation There is 100
acres cleared land, the balance timber; about 20
acres in grass On the farm is a comfortable
dwelling house, good stable and wagon shed, and
other necessary buildings an orchard OF choice
fruit trees, apples, peaches, pears, plumS ounces,
vines, consisting of ten of the best varieties of
fruit. The farm is in an excellent neighbOrhOOd,
convenient to schools, and located as it is on the
National Road, will make very desirable and
pleasant home for family. Terms of sale viii be
made reasonable. For further information call
on or address the undersigned at St Clairsyile.
Ohio. OLIVIA PECK,
26-tf EXecutriX of Daniel Peck, decd.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

o, YEsl the Democrats are anxious
to have the farmers forge to the front
in politics, but have a curious way of
showing it. They could have given
John w. Laughlin, a competent farmer
candidate, the Congressional nomination
in this district, but preferred renegade
Republican lawyer. Democratic love
for the farmer is amazing.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

HAVE charged you with nothing, but
1 believe you to be dishonest.-Gooer7l,
or Campbell to Commissioner Reemelin.
Governor Campbell will ask the Leg
islature, which he has called in extraor-
binary session, to back him up in his be-
lief and legislate out of Office his own
dishonest Democratic appointees on the
Board of Public Improvements in Gin
cinnati. The Republicans should prompt
ly come to the aid of the Governor
against the gang of his own choosing.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

The Pennsylvania Railroad Company
has brought suit against the Secretary
of State of Ohio to recover part of the
$4,000 paid in under protest as tax on
the reorganization recently effected.
Other corporations have brought similar
suits, the total amounts sued for being
S175 600
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
MARRIED.

LODGE-WILEY-On OctO list, 1890, at the home
of the brides parents, by Rev. Lycurgus Mech
lin, Mr.. Thomas l.. Lodge and Miss Eta E
Wiley; both Of Bannock, Ohio.
WINLAND-RUSSELL- Sept. 80, 1890, by the
Rev. Robt. Alexander, ID. d., MIR. James Win
land, of Monroe county, and Miss Lorena E
Russell, of Belmont county.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

PRESIDENT HARRIsON'S Administra-
tion has paid s2O5,714,41O Of the nation
al debt in Its nineteen months of life
passed. President Cleveland's admins
tion paid only $341, 1886, $50 in the whole
four years OF Its life. If the present
rate is maintained this administration
will have paid off $519,699,552 in four
years, and four years more of it would
wipe out the national debt entirely.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
CURRENT TOPICS.

COLONEL PooRMAN is good repre-
sentative of the interests of the farmers
and other working men. He is brainy
man, and for years has been a close stu
dent of the science of government. =
Neither political party has nominated
his superior in a score of years, and it
is doubtful if there is in the district an
other man so well equipped to represent
the people in Congress This ought to
count among sensible men, and they
should keep it in mind when the Demo
cratic bosses come around beating their
tom-toms.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

UNDER the new tariff the cost of sugar
to consumers will be reduced by two
cents pound. The item individually
is small one, but taken in the aggre-
gate it means an immense saving to the
DeODle
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09

GREAT BRITAIN likes our declaration
of industrial independence as declared
in the Mckinley tariff law as little as
she did our declaration of political in
dependence But we are not legislat-
ing for the English, you know.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1890-10-09
FIREPROOF PAINT.

The Canadian Fire Proof Roof Paint
which is being introduced in this vicini
ty by VIM. j. Miller, agent, has beer
thoroughly tested, and is warmly com
mended by competent judges. 1t is very
hard and durable, preserving the ROOF
from destruction by sulphur, and is proof
against fire from sparks falling upon it
May be used with like good results OF
either wood or metal roofs. Apply tC
agent for further information.-9 IL 1t.