davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
AS TO CHARACTERS.

AsThe question Of female help has long
: ZEN 4 fruitful source Of trouble to the
y11ousekeeper, especially in the great and
sYnd6pendent west. What with ladies
t1vho condescended to superintend the
Z housshold work in consideration of hav-
Ting the exclusiveness of the parlor OF a
4lunday to receive their visitors in, and
S1hat with aesthetic maidens who stipu-
Eaated Tor the use OF the piano for SO
Il snany hours each afternoon, the life Of
8Nhe average house-mistress cannot be
aad Is have been q happy one. 1t is
true that per contra mightbe written
Ia ia the shape Of the conversational
material the subject has furnished for
tefternoon teas and similar reunions,
INT there must still be heavy deficit
fnr the employer to face. Bitter exper-
\ ience has rendered most of us au fait in
! 4he matter Of wages and notice giving,
I s,uf the law on the all-important subject
* ! character" has always been hazy.
VT has been too much the practice toget
ridgof dishonest servant with sigh of
I reI;ef and certify her as very paragon
I uf honesty, or to dismiss help for in
III s cnrricible laziness and warrant her as
. model OF industry, letting the next
employer make his or her own discover
~. A recent decision comes to the res
s,ue az harassed householders with the
/ fear Of prospective lawsuit before
4hir ewes. It may be distinctly under
~tood hereafter that a character" may
= lawfully withheld or, If given at all,
mnst conform to truth.
In the case referred to butler sued
HI former employer. He had sought a
nv place, stating that he had left the
leet owing to difference about wages,
and confidently gave reference to his
1cru,er master. II he expected that no
inouiriss would be made, he reckoned
svifhout his host. The character he OBJ
fained ~ that he received bis dismiss
q fof sinsolence." He had called his
nietrsss no lady" and had INDUCED in
1870 oreakionable criticisms. Natural
- ~. esrviess were not accepted and he
isu1itntsd . suit for damages. He had
III 80 - written character and when in
81 3 - ~ made, he got the truth.
- Jury found for the master and re-
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
THE FEDERAL ELECTION LAW.


There is little probability that the
federal election law will pass the senate.
The republican leaders in that body may
have small scruples when it comes to
eeizing party advantage, but many of
Them are far-seeing politicians and are
/ wise enough to know, as does Mr.. Blaine,
that the passage Of snch high-handed
Nav would be followed by great popu-
lar revulsion that would overwhelm the
republican party. Further than that,
Z tradition is all powerful in the United
States senate. Zealots like Chandler
and Hale may urge a change of rules
whereby debate may be cut off and the
gag applied to the minority, but Ed
munds and Evarts and other sticklers
for the dignity of the senate will not
consent that the intangible thing known
rs ''the courtesy of the senate"-the
], right Of any senator to debate any ques-
ton ad hbitum-shall be rudely denied.
There was good illustration OF this the
other day when the Wyoming admission
bill was under discussion. The point
was raised that on previous day it had
{ been agreed that the debate was to close
Eet q certain hour, by order of the SEN
ate. Senators who desired to rush the
Hbill through insisted that the vote be
taken at once. Mr.. Edmunds insisted
s4hat it was not an order, but only an un-
fsaerstanding, and if anybody felt it his
Eduty to violate it the chair would not
Renforce the understanding. Mr.. Hale
disputed the soundness Of Edmunds's
argument. In responding to Mr.. Hale
{tMr. Edmunds said that he had never
Vknown the understandings of the SEN
Gate, except in some extreme emergency,
to be departed from, and he hoped they
{ never would be. "But," said he, ian Or
der Of the senate changes it's standing
Erules in respect of the liberty of debate,
land I believe in the liberty of debate in
this body. II any senator wishes to de-
bate in order to procrastinate affairs,
his brother senators, who do not like it,
can stay as we'll as he can and have it
fout. There ought to be one body in this
country where freedom of debate may
continue, as it always has in this body"
This utterance of the autocrat of the
senate is an unmistakable slap at the
rules of the house OF representatives
and show that the Vermont senator and
!, Speaker Reed are at variance in this
matter. Mr.. Edmunds is perhaps as
t.harrow and bitter partisan as Mr..
Reed but he has sufficient political sa-
tkacity to see beyond his own nose,
Gwhich the speaker OF the house has not.
Eve confidently look, therefore to see the
Mouse bill which should be entitled ian
tAct to overthrow free institutions and
66erpetuate the republican party" pig
41on-holed in a committee-room of the
yHenate. Indeed it is the feryent wish Of
knany republicans that such may be ita
late. A prominent republican member
kpf the house is quoted as saying that the
vmeasure would not be passed by the
inter body except for an understanding
That the senate would strangle it.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
HELENA. MONT. JULY 5. 1880.

- Montanians abroad will always find Thy
OAIY 1NDErENDENr on file at their favorits
Aotels; nth Avenue and Metropolitan, New
Work. Grand Pacific, Chicago; West Minneapolis;
BALDWIN and Palace, San Francisco; st. Nicholas
md McDermott. Butte: Leland Hotel, SPRING
6sld, NJ
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
To Labor Among I.epers.

New YoRK. July 4.-Bishop Walfuigh,
of Surinam, will sail hence tomorrow on
the s.samsl ip Rotterdam. The bishop has
made study Of leprosy and is on his way
to New Guinea, where he intends to found
O hospital for lepsrs.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
Call on Us and Look Up Some Of the
FOLLOWING BARGAINS.

On the insta!lment plan we have:
One good 4-room house on Hoback st.,
$500.
One good 4-room house on Brecken-
ridge st., $1,000.
-Four good 4-room cottages on Lyn-
dale ave., el,250 each: =,
One Groom dwelling in Broadwater
add, $4,000.
Two Al room houses in Broadwater
add, $1,000.
One Groom dwelling on Madison ave.,
$500.
One Groom dwelling on Ninth ave.,
$1,000; and number Of other snaps.
Two hundred feet on Broadway at
rock bottom figures.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
Students, Not Murderer,

PARIs, July 4.-The trial Of the nih:iisss
arrested some time ago opened to-cs, /.
The prisoners maintain that they vsse sok :
~ engaged in the study Of chemistry And
were victims Of an agent who has disavs
psared. sat
~sMr1pLh, &C hat4@a -. aew sssa
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
THE pERpLEx1TIEs OF BLAINE.

There are several versions of the
breach between Secretary Blaine and
the administration over the tariff bill
and other party measures, but the de-
NAL that any trouble exists is entitled
to no weight in view of facts to which a
hundred different people have borne
testimony. There can be no doubt that
Mr.. Blaine's great ambition has been to
draw the South American states into
closer trade relations with the United
States by means OF liberal reciprocity
treaty. He wanted to use free sugar as
South Americans, and he was also will
ing to give the Argentine Republic and
Uruguay chance to market their woods
in this country under favorable condl-
tons. The Mckinley bill destroyed his
point OF vantage on the sugar question
by throwing off the duty on that article,
without requiring compensatory conces-
sions, and the wool duties we're marked
up so as to shut out the South Ameri
can article. OF course Mr.. Blaine could
not achieve any fine diplomatic victory
so long as his party in the house of rep
resentatives was putting up the bars
against all foreign countries.
But there is probably another reason
for Mr.. Blaine's dissatisfaction. The
Washington correspondent of the Den
YER News says Mr.. Blaine has had dis
patches from our ministers in Europe
stating that "The continental powers
accept the Mckinley bill as a declara-
ton Of commercial war, and are prepar-
ing to concert scheme of retaliation
At this moment the state department is
burdened with dispatches from ministers
and consuls, supplemented by semi
official advices, all tending to show how
deeply the Mckinley bill has stirred the
cabinets of Europe and how little dis
posed they one and all are to admit any
American product to their own ports
that can possibly be excluded by retail.
ating duties or regulations; that it is
not alone the pending tariff bill that has
aroused this feeling, but the general
commercial policy of the party now in
power at Washington. The customs adj
ministration bill came first, pretending
to be measure to simplify the business
of importation and to raise rates Of duty
by indirection. Then came the McKin-
ley bill with duties Intentionally prohib-
itory instead of simply protective, as
heretofore. One need not go further
than the British, French, German, Aus.
trian and italian legations in this city
to realize the overshadowing interest
awakened abroad by the tariff bill as
soon as it had passed one house of con-
gress."
Mr.. Blaine certainly is entitled to
public sympathy in the perplexities that
beset his diplomatic career.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-07-05
- INDEPENDENT

lSal. = TIE risk Of Subscriber unless
&5sz elseesyd letter, check, or postal or ex-
-. - '1' ''''''''
IL "a! ksEsuns desiring The INDEpENDENr served
snlf homes OF place Of business can order By
u - eexd OF Though telephone No. 100. Please
Il - cases Of irregular delivery promptly.
tisements, to insure prompt insertion.
ecAA p haD1sd in before p m.
ss eommunications not returned unless
bcanes = enclosed.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
rno Fan of Man and AnthrOpoiogy.

Ever since the beginning of mans
effective thinking upon the great prob
Ioms around him, two views have ex-
listed regarding the life of the human
race upon earth, each utterly opposed to
tbe other. The first of these is the be-
lief that man was created in the begin
ming. perfect being endowed with
the highest moral and intellectual
pnwers but that there came fall, as
tb4 result of which came into the world
OWL. toll. sorrow, and death. Nothing
could be more natural than such an eX-
nlauation of the existence Of evil, in
times when men saw everywhere miracle
and nowhere law. 1t is, under such
circumstances, by far the more easy ex-
ulanation. for it is in accordance with
the appearance Of things: men adopted
il lust as naturally as they adopted the
theory that the Almighty hangs up the
stars rs light in the solid armament
above the earth, or trundles the sun be-
hind high mountain at night, or wheels
the planets around the earth, or filings
comets as signs and wonders to scare
wicked world, or allows evil spirits to
control thunder, lightning, and storm,
and to cause diseases of body and mind,
or that he opens the windows OF
heaven" TO let down "the waters that be
above the heavens, and thus give rain
upon the earth. A belief, then, III a
primeval period Of innocence, physical
perfection, and intellectual strength,
from which men for some fault fell, Is
perfectly in accordance with what we
should expect. On the other hand, ap-
peared at an early period the opposite
view-that mankind, instead of having
fallen from a high intellectual, moral,
and religious condition, has slowly risen
from low and brutal beginnings Among
all the statements of this theory one IS
.spocially noteworthy-that given by
Lucretius in his great poem on The
Nature of Things Despite its errors,
II remains among the most remarkable
examples of prophetic insight IN the
history Of our race The Investigations
of the last 40 years have shown that
Lucretius and Horace were inspired
prophets; what they saw by the exercise
Of reason illumined by poetic genius has
been now thoroughly based upon facts
carefully ascertained and arranged until
Thomson and Nilsson, the northern
arcbeologists, have brought these proph-
ccies to evident fulfllment by present.
ing a scientific classification dividing the
age of prehistoric man in various parts
cf the world between an old stone
period, a new stone period, period OF
beaten copper, period of bronze, and a
neriod of iron; and arraying vast masses
of facts from all parts Of the world, fit
ting thoroughly into each her, strength
ching each other and showing beyond
doubt that, instead of fall, there has
been a rise of man from the earliest IN
dications in the Quaternary or even, pos
sibly, in the Tertiary period. Popular
Science Monthly.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
r,,o worId,s s,ocn of diamonds.

The worlds stock of diamonds has IN
creased enormously in the last 10 years.
In 1876 the output of the African mines
was about 1,500. 600 carats, last year 1t
was over 4, ZOO. coo. and the great trust -
which controls all the principal mines
assert that they have 100000 carats
"in sight" at the present time Mean-
fine the demand for diamonds has Won
derfully increased, and they are higher
to.day-partly because of the trust,
but also because OF increased demands
than they were year or two ago. IN
one respect the diamond industry IS dii-
ferent from almost all others. Its prod
uct-that is, of gems-is never con
sumed" OF gold and silver much
larger amount than most people would
believe is literally consumed in the arts
past recovery, but diamond once cut
goes into the worlds great stock, and IS
liable to come upon the market at any
time. Hence the worlds annual taking
of diamonds, which appears TO be stead
ily increasing, even at advancing prices,
is an index of how much of its surplus
earnings it can afford to expend yearly
in this particular form OF luxury. The
romance Of diamond mining is all gone.
II is now a matter of excavating vast
beds of blue clay by machinery, washing
il and sitting out the diamonds, which,
after being roughly sorted for size, are
sold in bulk by weight. The men who
do the actual work are mere laborers,
and their pay is proportionately small
GBOston Post.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
Training the Muskrat.

The muskrat builds its house 50 that
while it has couple of stories high and
dry on the ground, the entrance to it Is
ALWAYS under water. This entrance Is
long tunnel running from point foot
or more beneath the water at low tide
line TO the ground floor of the house,
which is always flooded. The muskrats
reason for having this subterranean
entrance to ms dwelling place is that
thereby lie has an exit or an entrance
i'm time of danger that viii not betray
him to his enemies, either in his flight
from home or in seeking refuge within
its walls But his instinct does not warn
him against the trap his most cunning
and persistent enemy places at tins md
den entrance to his house, changing 1t
from way Of safety into an avenue Of
certain death. This trap is wooden
box. three feet long, and six inches in
width and depth. In each end IS wire
door, hung on hinges at the top. These
doors rise ut the slightest push on the
outside. but will not open from tho in
side. The trap is sunk in the water to
the mouth Of the muskrat's tunnel, and
anchored there, and whether the musk
rat is going ont of his house or returning
to it. he is sure to walk into the trap.
If he had time, the captive rodent could
gnaw his way out of the box. but be-
fore he can free himself he will drown.
A whole family Of muskrats may be
taken in single night in one OF these
traps, and as every trapper has out as
many traps as lie can attend to, the
muskrat harvest which they reap every
night is a very rich one
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
a'iraiuia FREE gress.
TERMS:
TERMS:

-a-TuE FEEE Pass is published weekly at
no Dollars and Fifty Cents Per AIiH1Ht.
rs-Osc Dollar aud Tralty-Firs Cents tor Sir
Months
rT-T The terms of advertising are iorasquare
I0ne-iuchl or less, one Dollar and Fifty Cents
for three iusertiOus-larger ones IN the same
prsportiln. Each continuance fyiy CcRtS.
g-No advertisement % be considered 10y
the month or wear unless specified on the mani
us.-iut. or previously agreed between the par
ties
c-Au advertisement not marked on the
couv for o specified number of insertions viii
be- continued until ordered out, and payment
viii be cxacted accordingly.
E6- REGULAR ADvEErIsEMENTs.- aNol0
anv misunderstanding on the part Of the an
nual advertisers it is proper TO state distinctly
that their privilege only extends 90 their lm-
mediate business Real Estate. Legal or other
advertisements sent by them TO be an addition
al charge. and no variation.
ES-Obituary notices of more than hye lines
will be charged for.
JOB WORE.-Postors, Sale Bills Circulars.
Cards. etc, executed promptly, neatly and at
fair prices.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
Using a Cat as a Clock.

Every one knows that cats can see in
the dark, aud the reason they can do SO
is because Of the peculiar construction
of their eyes. You may have noticed
that in a moderate light the pupil or
black part Of pussy's eye is small and OF
an oval shape, while in a full glare of
light it becomes narrow. Now, IN the
dark it expands TO circle and nearly
fills the surface Of the eyeball. This
peculiarity Of the cats eyes IS turned to
account in curious manner by the
Chinese. The Able Hue relates that
when he was travelling in China he asked
his attendant what time it was. The
man went over to cat that was quietly
basking in the sun, and, examining its
ewes, told the able that it was about two
hours after noon, and, on being ques-
toned how he knew that, he explained
that the pupils Of cats eyes were largest
in the morning, and that they gradually
grew smaller as the light increased, till
they reached their minimum at noon;
that then they began to widen again, till
at night they once more became large.
The good able was filed with admira-
ton for the ingenuity of a people who
could use cats as clocks. But it must be
admitted that this way Of telling the
time Of day is rather loose one and
could only be trusted in very clear and
serene weather, for temporary gloom or
the darkness Of a storm would sadly de-
rance vour four footed clock and put it
nll wrong.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
Tho Art of Conversation.

So rare is the conversational talent
that for a hundred persons who write
well. we find but one who talks well.
Emerson. who seemed to believe that
possession of the one gift rrecludes the
other. wrote: "The conditions of literary
success are almost destructive to the
best social power, as they do not leave
the frolic liberty which only can en-
counter a companion on the best terms.
The authors habit of pausing for reliec-
tion before setting down his thoughts in
black and white might well induce slow
ness of speech; but there is abundant
evidence on both sides of the argument.
Macauley's flow of conversation Is pro-
verbal. sydney Smith called him the
greatest engine of social oppression IN
England - Motley, in one of his letters,
described Macauley as holding the
"ribands of conversation in his own
hands. and driving wherever 1t suited
him. II can imagine no better fun, he
added. "than to have Carlyle ana Mac
aulay meet at the same dinner table Win
a small company. 1t would be like two
locomotives, each Wlth lObS u"'-i
coming against each other at full speed.
Both, | have no doubt, would be smashed
into silence at the first collision. Mac
aulay, however, is not so dogmatic or so
outrageously absurd as Carlyle, neither
is he half so grotesque or amusing.
Wien we encounter one who really pos
sesses the gift of speech, it is well
spring Of refreshment to the mind. we
can listen for any length of time with
out weariness; for infinite variety Is one
Of the secrets of such a takers charm.
Ills mind falls from one supple posture
into another We have never a moment
Of anxiety lest he may not find the right
word at the right instant His thoughts
are his own upon the spurof the hemoment,
without hesitation, delighting the senses
and inAaning the fancy of the listener.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01

GRAssnoPPER's co,IPLAIST.

Ny name IS Grasshopper: high as can
Here J hop. there hop-little old man.
Look ut my countenance, aged and thin;
look at my crooked legs, all doubled in;
Is not my face long and sober and wans
Do not look Ike g little old MANI
Yet II! the summer play in the grass
jump up ana stick TO whoever may pass
Finger and thumb, then, they snap me away,
Though they must know how much rather Ia
stay.
Nobody cares what becomes OF poor me-
Flung out OF window I'm certain 10 be,
Fen IN u.,h the hen might be there with her
brood.
A Grasshoppcr's feelings-they're not under
stooli
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
Tomneraturc Of the Sea.

The thermometer has become n useful
instrument in examining the basins into
which the bottom Of the sea is divided.
The geography OF the sea bottom is de-
termined from the temperature OF the
water as readily rs IL would be by re-
peated soundings When the Challenger
cruised in the water east and southeast
of China several years ago the geography
of the different seas formed by the
groups and chains Of islands OIL that
coast was made out in this way. In the
open Pacific, and in all seas into which
the oceanic currents flow, the tempera-
ture varies from the surface 10 the
bottom. OF course the deeper water Is
the cooler. If a basin be cut off from
this general flow up TO within certain
depth from the surface, then the tenn
perature will be found to lower just as
in the ocean. until adepth is reached just
even with the top Of the inclosing bank
or reef. From thatpoint to the bottom
the temperature is found TO be uniform.
Some observations in the waters named
willmake this ineligible. Itwas found
that the temperature Of the Celebes Sea
varied until depth Of seven hundred
fathoms was reached. From that depth
down 10 more than twenty-five hundred
fathoms there was no perceptible change.
The walls Of its basin, then, toward
the Pacific rise to within seven hundred
fathoms of the surface No colder water
than that Of the tropical Pacific at
depth of seven hundred fathoms was
poured into this basin, and that was the
temperature that the basin could pre-
serve In the Sulu Sea the temperature
remained the same from depth OF four
hundred fathoms TO the bottom at more
than twenty-five hundred fathoms. All
this body Of water was warmer than
that of the Celebes, because the rim OF
its basin coming nearer the surface, not
so cold water could flow in from the
ocean In the Molucca Passage the tenn
perature Of the water decreased gradually
from the surface to the bottom. This
proves that these waters are not cut OIL
from the ocean currents by any ridge
toward the Pacific. i Youths Compan-
ion
70. DYSPEPSIA
Zee Crowns Iron Bifters.
Fhysicians recommend Il.
All dealers keep H. s1OD per bottle. Genuine
has trademark and crossed red lines on wrapper.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1890-10-01
To Render Tobacco Harmless.

According to the British Medical
Journal, DE- Gautrelet, of Vichy, claims
TO have discovered a method Of render
ing tobacco harmless 10 mouth, heart,
and nerves without detriment to its
aroma. According to him, piece OF
cotton well stepped in a to 10 per cent.
solution Of pyrogallic acid inserted in
the pipe or cigar holder will neutralize
ans possible i'll effects Of the nicotine.
In this way not only may the generally
admitted evils OF smoking be prevented,
but cirrhosis of the liver, which is DR..
Gautrelet's experience, IS sometimes
caused by tobacco, and such lighter PEN
alties Of over indulgence as headache
and Turing Of the tongue. may be
avoided.
YF YOUR BACE ACHEs
Or YOU are all worn cut, really goc- ipf d.
IL Is general debility IT,
BROWNS IRON fJfFfEf-
II will cure you. aud give q COOL afftiiit. go
by al dealers IN medicine