, 1890-04-09

cenC ana 10 per cent on the sugar made.
| cannot speak positively of the extra cost
OF fuel in diffusion. A larger volume of Juice
is always obtained. The fuel value o fboth chips
and saturated bagasse is inferior to that from
from q Eve roller mill unaided. Time and
careful experimentation is needed to decide
the extra fuel required for this increased eva.
poratlon and for running the mill to squeeze
the chips. This extra cost must be credited
by the % per cent increase of sugar. To
summarize, we may say that a crop of cane
that will produce one million of pounds of
sugar by the mill unaided, will produce
1,OI ,428 pounds by mill and saturation, and
l,22S,55 pounds by diffusion. This COM
pares common diffusion with the best mill re-
suits. Should dilution be carried SO as to
secure q chip containing only / per cent of
sugar, the above crop would yield 1871, 428
pounds, Diffusion viii therefore give US the
greater yield, and our energies should be-
strained to simplify and perfect the machinery
employed. This will ultimately be done, fer
when humanity rests upon a problem, sooner
or later it will be solved.
There are, however, many conditions'essen
tai to successful and economical diffusion,
VIII CHI are yet to be learned.
So far, experience has taught us that fine
ness OF chip, high tie mperature, and time are
necessary for good work. The finer the chip
the better the extraction Gltcdys. In fact,
his 10 the first requisite OF good diffusion, end
with 1t both Of the other conditions may be
lowered without serious consequences. A
high temperature is favorable to extraction;
therefore the cells should be provided with
calorlzators of such power as Co give a uni
form temperature of at least 200 deg. F.
throughout the battery. Time is needed for
the hot water to extract the sugar, and the
amount required depends largely upon the
successful attainment of the other conditions.
With very fine chips and a high temperature
SIX minutes to \ cell may prove abundant
time for full extraction. Ten minutes to q
eel has, however, been adopted in all the
best regulated houses. A continuous current
through the battery is far better than an in
telmittent one, and the deeper the cell with.
in bounds, the better the diffusion process
operates, This.can easily be detnnnEtrateds
by the application of diferential calculus TO,
each individual chip or cell IN the, chip and
holds good until the depth of the, diffusion
cell becomes so great as to subordinate this
principlet to a we'll known law of hydraulics.
The strength required Of the bottom and sides
OF q cell limits the depth, and forces the
manufacturer, when capacity is required, to
give width.
The advantage of q continuous current
through the battery, and the better diffusion
in a deep cell, have suggested the possible
success OF continuous diffusion" in one cell,
aproblem which several ingenious mechanical
engineers are now striving to solve.
One Improvement in the Constructions our
present batteries is imperatively needed. Each
Individual cell must be heated at pleasure.
This can easily be accomplished by connect.
ing each heater with its cell, both from below
and above, and t.4us permitting the establish
ment at will of q continuous current
through the cell and it's heater, until the le'
quislte heat is obtained, without disturbing
the action OF the other cells Of the battery.
Those who have carefully watched the bat
terry when at work have frequently noticed
the inequality of temperature of the different
cells. In a line battery the centre cells are
always hotter than the exterior oAess and
some device is needed to adjust this injurious
Inequality. In conclusion, permit the re-
hinder that we live in an age that boasts it.
self as being pre-. eminently practical-the age
OF the telegraph and telephone-the age Of
rapid progress. We too, must go forward, or
else be crushed to atoms by the wheels Of
advancing thought and action. Competition
in business circles has become SO great.that, o
fraction of a cent? often determines large
sales. Even money changers, when ample
security is gwen, are satisfied with b and 4
per cent on inv stments. sr1 ~rfA rg
With these examples OF economical thrift
49, - - 81