Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1890-12-05


in the 18th, 10th and 18th CEN
turtles, they were treated as a dead let
ter; it is only since 1905 that effective
measures have been taken to preserve the
remains of Danish woodland and to Gre
ate new plantations. A state forest de-
partment permits only small portions of
old forests to be cleared at time, and
insists on the simultaneous planting of |
an equal area. =. L. The Danish for
est school is at Copenhagen and forms
branch of an agricultural college.
"Germany is in general well wooded,
the forests of Prussia being estimated to
cover 1886 per cent of the whole surface
while Wurtemburg has 3l.22 and Baden
$780, This wealth is partly due to the
abundant natural supply, and partly to
the methodical way of treating forests
adopted by all the states of the empire.
-. The Black Forest stretches the
whole length of the grand-duchy of
Baden and part of the kingdom of Wur-
temberg, from the Neckar to Basel and
the lake of Constance. -.
PRUSSIA, including Hanover, contains
about 100000 acres of forest land.
About half of this is private property,
and of the other half, managed by the
state, part is communal or ecclesiastical
forest, or the state forests, equalling
100000 acres, small proportion is
moorland yet to be planted. The yield
of the state woodland in 1871, large
portion of which bears Scotch flr,was 204,-
796, 260 cubic feet, or 34.5 cubic feet per
acre of the area devoted to the produce of
timber. The total income for the year
for timber and other forest products
amounted to 100000 pounds or about
six shillings an acre, little more than half
of which went to working expenses, the
cost of the forest academies, commuta-
ton of servitudes, and road taxes.
"Much has been done in Germany to
, preserve and develop the forest resources,
by establishing training schools, with
the result that sylvlculture has been most
/ accurately studied, and the economical
J management of woodlands most success
fully carried out in that country.
/ The academies at Neustadt, Eberswald
and Aschaffenburg are for the study OF
= forestry alone, while in the others the
2 pursuit of agriculture or engineering
knowledge is combined with it. In Ger
r many the forest service is state depart
t ment, filled by youths of good position
, who are specially trained for the purpose
D $50. The forests have all been sur
< veyed, valued and DIVIDED into blocks
s and there are accurate maps represent
!. ing the extent and situation of each for
y est district and the description and ag
c of the timber growing in each block
o Whatever be the size of the woods, ever,
d tree is recorded and a working plan i
r drawn out and followed; certain specie
= being destined to longer or shorte
e growth according to their promise O
1t vitality or liability to decay. 1t may b
remarked that such maps form the start
/ ing point of every true system of fol
= estry.
|. austria including Hungary and Be
Y hemia possesses vast amount Of timber
IS about one third of the productive are
,e being returned as woodland and GOVERN
4 $4,000 square miles, situated more in tn
e. east than in the west. There are 2,330
g 900 acres of forest belonging to the state
? So. The total income in 1872 from tn
is Austrian state forests was 4,l4S, 900 gu
is den, the expenditure 3,049,00 gulder
e leaving q net profit of about 90,0G
s. pounds. The Austrian government al
e wisely DESTROYS to conserve and utili2
lie their valuable forest property, and theI
If is state department with staff of III
persons, % of whom are skilled officer
ID of high position. In parts of Bohemi
S, destroyed, rendering useless much so
e, that is unfit for agriculture. Encourag,
n ment is given by the state to persons VIII
he make successful efforts to plant denude
at ground. The principal forest academic
s. are at Marien-brunn near Vienna. =.
al 1.-The principal timber tree of France
y the oak, and various species are niue
t. cultivated. The birch, ash, elm, maple
st beech, walnut and poplar are all impo
e, tant trees, while the silver fir and spruC
If form magnificent forests, in the Vosge
of and Jura mountains. About one sevent
he of the entire territory is still covered wit
ar wood. Forest legislation took its rise
" France about the middle of the 10th eel
e, fury and the great minister Sully urge
Of the enforcement of restrictive fore'
N laws. In 1869 fixed treatment of stat
as forests was enacted. .. In 1877 I'll
IN French state forest contained 9S5,OS
hectares, and the communal 1895:
in hectares. The revenue in 1927 amounte
I'd to 100000 francs, three fourths {
III which was from the sale of timber, an
a one fourth from other forest produce
IL The estimated revenue for 1877 was 81
ne SO0 0O0 frames The animal aypanses ,