Arizona weekly citizen., 1890-04-26
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

workers are now preparing to make
 glass into various shapes and patterns
 by running sheets of it at just the right
 temperature to work nicely through steel rollers.
 The question as to what is the exact
 mechanical equivalent of heat has long
 puzzled engineers. The latest experi-
 ments show that one pound of water
 raised one degree Fahrenheit, is equal
 to one pound lifted 769 feet. -PhiIadel-
 phia Record
 The Pittsburgh Iron World says
 that Pittsburgh steel-makers have es-
 tablished agencies for the sale of the
 finer grades of steel suitable for making
 cutlery in Europe, India and Australia.
 Their sales have been so considerable
 as to practically guarantee an estab-
 lished trade. Steel has been sold in
 competition with an English-made arti-
 cle at the same price.
 An investigation as to the height
 of summer clouds. made in Sweden,
 under the auspices of the Royal Scien-
 tific Society of Upsala, shows that
 clouds occur most frequently at heights
 of twenty-three hundred and fifty-tive
 hundred feet. In the summers of 1884
 and 1885. the loftiest cloud observed at
 UpSala was forty-one thousand feet
 above the earth's surface, or nearly
 eight miles.-M. r. Ledger.
 During five school years the director
 of the Royal Deaf-Mute Institution at
 Copenhagen has made semi-diurnal
 measurements of the height and weight
 of the children under his care, and he deducet. number of coincidences be- tween variations in their weight and those in the temperature of the air ArkdnSaw TrdUeler.
 Tho copper mining business has
 fallen to a very low ebb in Russia. It is reported that out of 1,758 copper
 mines in the Ural Mountains only twenty-eight are being worked. The de- cline of the industry is attributed to the destruction of the surrounding forests and the consequent scarcity of fuel, acting in conjunction with great diff culties of transport.
 The bottle industry is very large one, the number produced per day in the respective countries being estimated as follows: Great Britain and Ireland, 9.206; Sweden. 960; Norway, 600; Den- mark, 36O; Germany and Belgium, 30.- 039; Austria, 1000; France, 100; United States. $40; Canada. 120; Australia, 207; total, 46. 4S2 gross. With 300 work ing days this gives no fewer than 15,- 929, 900 gross per year.
 A new building material called stone-brick, harder than the hardest clay-brick, is made from simple mortar, but scientifically lhade and perfect mortar; in fact, hydraulic cement, and the grinding together of lime and sand in dry state-including also some alum;na, which is usually present in sand-and the subsequent heating by
 steam, give the mixture the properties of the burned hydraulic cements at present in use.-PubLic Opinion. During August there were 2,O0O freight cars required to carry California shipments to the East. The amount carried, in pounds, was 40, 900, 900, and
 of that enormous quantity over one
 half. 2O,50O.OO0 pounds, consisted of green. dried and canned fruit. The railroads carried 10000. 900 pounds of sugar and 5000. 900 pounds of tea. The
 last article was imported. of course,
 and transhipped, as was also part of | the remainder of the 40. 900, 900 pounds. San FrdnciSco Eranliner.
 The Sierra Nevada range might be called continuation of the Cascade | Mountains; but those are of volcanic | origin, and the Sierra Nevadas are | granite, though traces of volcanic ac- ton are often found on the Hanks and | base. It commences at Mount Shasta,
 II. 400 feet high, and runsin a southerly direction to Tejon Pass, where it joins
 the Coast range not far from Mount 1 Whitney, the highest mountain in the | United States south of Alaska. There are but few passes over these mountains, and the Pacific slope is very steep, the | Central Pacific road descending 6,300 feet ill eighty miles. Public Opinion.