Omaha daily bee., 1890-09-27
oTHER1,ANDs ruASortRs.

Great changes have occurred In Italy since
that auspicious day, twenty years ago, when
the dream OF Garibaldi, Cavour and Victor
Emanuel was realized and United Italy had
for its capital the Eternal city. The ancient
birthplace of literature and art Is no longer in
the bonds of serfdom; the dominant rule of
foreign dynasties is thing of the past, and
freedom, with all its priceless privileges, has
broken the chains that were forged with
strength which resisted all attempts to sepa-
rate them prior to the year 1860. On May IL
OF that notable year Garibaldi, by whom the
first hope ofliberty was inspired, landed from
Sardnian warship at Marsala and on the
Sd OF the following August proclaimed Victor
Emanuel king of United Italy. BY
the cooperation of Cavour and Carl
baldi Naples was speedily liberated
and in February, 1851, the first italian par
Lament assembled at Turin, and on the Goth
of that month formally acknowledged Victor
Emanuel as king. Thus was the kingdom
| first established and little by little its power
extended. The battle of Sadowa in 1865 COM
| pelled Austria to give up Venice, and then
nothing was lacking for unity but possession
of the city of Rome, which the French troops
| had for several years been holding for the
| pope. The French troops were withdrawn
III luIBt IL III August, loiU, Ol Ilc uub-
| break of the Fran CO Prussian war; and on
| September 20 an Italian army entered the
| Eternal city and took possession in the name
| of the king.
| For the first time in history czarewtch
| is about to undertake voyage around the
world with the object of gaining increased
| vigorof constitution and breadth of intellect.
Although nearly all the autocrats of Russia
| have inherited from their ancestor, Peter the
| Great taste for foreign travel, yet their
| iourneyings have invariably been limited to
Europe, where courtly etiquette and diplo-
matte considerations have contributed to re-
strict the benefits which their minds might
otherwise have derived from their wander
ings.
No such obstacles as these, however. will
be permitted to hamper the progress of the
future emperor of Russia after leaving Con-
stantinople, and his visits to India, to
Australasia, and above all, to the
United States, cannot fail TO prove
vastly instructive. For the first time
IN his life he will become enlightened as
to the possibilities and advantages of popular
government; he will realize that there are
countries-nay, even ontinents-where the
theory of the divine right of kings does not
prevail-and he will learn that 1t is possible
to maintain public order and to administer
government without recourse to the barbar-
GUS punishments now in use in his fathers
dominonS Not the least interesting feature
OF the young princes grand tour will be his
entertainment on the shores of the BoSphoruS
by the sultan, to whom the car is accustomed
to send biennial request, couched in the
strongest language permitted by diplomatic
usage, for payment of the indemnity of $780,
100000 due by Turkey to Russia 1t is hardly
probable that its settlement will in
any way be accelerated by the outlay
which the Caliph will deem it in
cumbent on him to incur, in order to
give due dignity to the visit Of the care
witch; and the festivities will bear close
analogy to the memorable banquet at which
the famous Irish wit Sheridan entertained
his creditors with their own wine and their
own meats. If the programme of the tour is
carried out IN its entirety the young prince
will return home and eventually succeed to
his fathers throne with intellectual advan-
tages such as none of his predecessors have
ever possessed. 1t will no longer be possi-
Bile to attempt to excuse the depotism of i'm
perial rule in Russia on the ground of lack of
enlightment, and of narrow -mindedness on
the part of the sovereign; and the future
Nicolas II. will find no apoogists in history
if he does not relieve the great empire en-
trusted to his charge of the weight of op-
preston which has rendered to word tyranny
Synonymous with that of Russia.
-
Little Portugal's troubles are increasing
day by day. Social disorder is running a
close race with financial and political de-
moralization, and no one here would be sur
prised to learn at any time that a revolution
had broken out in Lisbon and Oporto In
fact, something of the sort is understood to
have been organized for weeks and it's
open manifestation has been expected before
this. The young king is wholly without in
fuence, or even respect, and none OF the
dynastic politicians has a hold on the people
Unfortunately there is nobody discernable
among the progressist leaders who seems
fit to assume the responsibility in the event
of a republic being declared. The sum of
their labors 50 far has been to embitter
the popular feeling against England and
to make q national issue of the rejec-
tion of the Anglo-Portuguese agreement In
Africa. This is doubly idiotic because the
agreement gives Portugal twenty times the
territory she can ever populate or utilize and
because the withdrawal Of English capital or
| enterprise from Portugal, which is now
| rapidly proceeding. means commercial stag
nation if not bankruptcy. To offset this grave
disaster the Portuguese are huggipg the deu-
| sion that in some way they are vindicating
| the vitality of the Latin race and all tho
cafes of Lisbon resound nightly with declara-
tions as to how the world is going to be stood
| on its head very shortly now when Portugal
| and Spain both declare republics and join
| France to dominate the globe. Alas these
silly, ignorant, and lazy people can no longer
| dominate themselves, let alone any outsiders
| and it is on the cards that their days as d
| European nation are numbered.
Although there has been an embargo
| enforced by Great Britain and other powers
on the slave trude in Africa, yet the traffic
has been carried on in an open manner If
| General Gordon had succeeded in holding
Khartoum and thereby in controlling the
| lines of travel between the SOudan aud the
seacOast, severe blow could have been dealt
| to the traffic. The surrender of Khartoum
| helped the Arabs and in 1888, when English
and German influence again threatened their
| callin thew OrpaniZed an attac< on the Emo