davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14

Butchering on the farm, which is usl-
ally at its height before the holidays, has
in many sections been deferred beyond
the usual period on account Of the I'M
precedentedly moist and warm weather
that has been prevailing far into win
ter. 1t should be the aim to kill hogs
in dry, frosty weather, when they may
hang out over night and become thor
oughly cooled through. Pork is moro
often lost from tho effects Of unfavorable
weather at killing time, such as we
have been experiencing for weeks, than
from improper sailing afterwards.
1t Is far better TO keep hogs already fat
enough to kill until the atmosphere is
exactly right than to kill them in warm,
nuggy weather. Fat hogs cool slowly,
and unless the animal heat il entirely
gone before tho meat is packed away
there is great danger Of its spelling,
After hogs are killed, if the weather i'm
mediately sets in warm and rainy the
carcasses cannot be kept waiting hong
for cool change to come, and where
cut up and saited while in a soft and
slippery condition, far more than the
usual care will be required to save the
meat On the other hand, retention of
animal heat sufficient TO work injury
may be oocasiOned by allowing the newly
dressed hogs TO hang in an atmosphere
80 cold that the outside will be frozen
hard before the internal heat has been
expelled
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
HORSES FEET.
Claims Made by an Experienced shosr,
Advice Worthy of Confederation.

Claims Made by an Experienced Shoop
Advice Worthy of Consideration.
An experienced shoor claims. in The
New York Tribune, that most i'll shaped
feet were go the first time the horse was
taken to the shop. Several in his town
have the feet of their oolts trimmed
every few months until they are shod.
and he never saw an imperfect foot on
one Of them. Colts are born with perfect
feet, Nature intended them 10 run on
the ground constantly, and if they did,
their hoofs would wear away evenly.
but, instead, they are kept indoors Ave
months of the year: the hoofs become
long and break off in pieces from time
to time.
If considerable piece breaks off at
the side the foot runs over like an old
boot. and the colt acquires the habit of
walking partially ON the side of the foot,
which is very difficult to remedy. Some
times both sides break off, leaving the
toe unnaturally long, thus throwing
more weight on the heels causing them
to wear away faster than they should.
This produces fat feet. The uneven
breaking off Of the hoof before the ami
mai natures causes most Of the iEnpsr-
fections in the feet of the horse, with re-
suitant ringbones, spavins, eurbs and
other ailments. When a horse with a
bad foot comes to be shod, if 1t RUS over
at the side, it should be leveled up gradu-
ally at several succeeding shoeings, by
making the shoe thicker at one side and
ri, 4 -.
on the opposite side
If the feet are fiat the heel should be
left alone and the toes cut as far back as
it will answer at every shoeing. The
shoe should never boar on the sole O? the
foot, but on the wall alone. If the sole
Is low down and presents a convex sur
face, as is often GS4e case, the shoe should
either be made coneave, TO match, or
very narrow to fit only on the horny
shell If the animal hos contracted foet
the heels should be cut away all it will
do, as well as the horn on the bottom of
the foot, and the shoes should be beveled
out from the quarters back, that the feet
may have tendency TO spread.
If the animal has ringbona or anv
stiffness in the joint the toes should be
cut back. This rule applies also to cases
Of spawn, thoroughpin, curbs, etc. Bad
feet IN horses are generally traceable to
inattentlon by man. The feet OF colts
should be attended to once in thrive
months, from the time they are first
stabbed in the fall until they reach ma
turity, and then permanent good feet
viii be assured. If agricultural societies
would employ a sktlful man to shoe
horses at their fairs and give illustrative
lectures, they would accomplish more
good than they do now by some of their
transactions.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
FARM, FIELD AND GARDEN.
SUBJECTS OF PRACTICAL IMPORT
ANcE TO AGRlCULTURlsTS
why There Are So Many Failures Among
Amsieur Butter Makers During the
Winter Standardization for M ak
ing Fine Winter Butter.

Careful, experienced housewives, who
make the finest of butter during the
warm season, signally fail to produce a
gilt edged article through the winter.
What is the cause of so many failures
and where lies the remedy? A New
Yorker, in American Agricultural, ex-
plains the whole matter in the fact that
amateur butter makers make no allow
ance for the weather and changing sea
sons. They have one way of setting
milk, of treating cream and manipu-
lating butter, and they apply that way
to the domestic dairy without alteration
in June, in September and in January.
This is grave error, and it must be rec
titled in every household before fancy or
even fairly good butter can be expected
Cream must be separated from milk
and afterward mature, before it is
churned. The time given for attaining
that maturity should not be less than
twenty-four hours, nor more than thirty
six.
In summer, the normal atmospheric
warmth will ripen cream sufficiently
within that time, and, without knowing
it, many amateurs have their cream inst
right at churning time. As the weather
becomes cooler, of course the acid de-
velops more slowly, and artificial heat
should be supplied to ripen it within a
moderate length of time. This is where
most of the domestic butter makers fail
They make not the least allowance for
the cold weather, and keep their cream
around in a cool atmosphere until it
actually becomes bitter instead of sour.
To make fine winter butter, skim as in
summer, and then mature the cream by
artificial warmth, Put the cream Jar in
a room heated to temperature of Is
degs, and keep it there twenty-four
hours. If such a temperature ripens it
too quickly, reduce the heat, say to 90
degs or 90 dogs. Try in every way to
make the condition of the milk, cream,
and separating butter similar to what its
condition would have been in the sum
mer. The science of fine butter making
is not subtle art that few can compre-
bend, but it possesses salient points, that
all must observe as essential, if they de-
sire to be counted among the successful
Mature cream, churned at the proper
temperature about 60 dogs. in summer
and 81 dogs. in WINTER will grain butter
hard and firm, and work into product
of the proper consistency and texture.
Use no color but such as is known to be
reliable, and do not use an excessive
quantity of that.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
AnricSiItural Notes,

Peter Henderson, the eminent florist
and scotsman, is dead. He was &C years
Of age.
The discovery Of phosphate deposits in
Florida is announced.
The cotton crop has been large and
prices slightly better than those of last
year.
French butchers are protesting against
the importation of dressed beef from
Germany.
A laying hen should never be too fat.
A dry dust bath is an effectual instru-
ment in removing vermin from fowls.
Early matured stock Is raised at greater
profit than those maturing slowly.
Clean pens for pigs and clean bedding
will do much to ward OF lice and dis
oase.
If you shut up the pigs in a pen give
them variety in feed If you would have
them thrive.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Tho Farn ere Friends.

A correspondent writing from Paris,
in American Agriculturist, says that in
every rural commune in Franoe boards
are put up bearing the following inssrac-
tons:
"This board rs placed under the pro
teotion of the common sense and honesty
of the public.
"Hedgehog.-Lives upon mice, snails
anI vireworms--anirnab injurious 10
agriculture. Don't kill hedgehog.
'-Foad.-Hsipe agriculture; destroys
twenty 10 thirty insects hourly. Don't
XIII toads.
'hole.-Destroys wireworms, larrs
and insects injurious to the farmer. No
trace of vegetables Is ever found in his
stomachi doss more good than harm.
Don't kill moies.
"Cockchafer aud it's larv@.
enemy to feFmers; lays 70 to 100 eggs.
XII the oookoAafsn.
"Birds.--Baoh department. Of France
loses yearly many millions Of francs BY
the injury done BY insects. Birds arr
the only enemies capable Of battling with
them vigorously; they arc greet helps to
farmers Children, don't take birds
nests,'
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
A Good Bean Harvester.

Quite good bean harvester, accord
ing to Country Gentleman, may be made
by removing the mold board from pillow
and fastening the handles 10 land side;
then drill two holes through the point
and bolt on a steel blade, well sharpened.
about fifteen inches longer than the
point, which can be done by any black
smith. One horse is generally used by
lengthening the clevis that the horse
may walk between the rows A man
follows with fork to shake earth and
pitch into piles. The point runs under
ground and cuts of roots and stalks,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Marketing Honey.

AT the last meeting of the Northwest
ern Beekeepers' society e. P. Gibbs said
that most of the honey was sent to mar
ket too early, before there was much de-
mand for il. Et stood around and the
cases became soiled and the large GUAM
tity on the market helped to lower the
price. Mr.. Heddon pointed out that
honey was a cold weather food, and if
sent TO rnaFket before cool weather should
be sent only in small doses, R. A. Bur-
nett, a commission merchant of Chicago,
corroborated what had been said By
Messrs Gibbs and Heddon. He also said
that honey did not ship so we'll in hot
weather as in thai which was moderately
oooi-is LEAKED more, October and No
vember seemed to DO the best months for
shipping and also for sailing.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Itenfe Ina Feeding SrIaae,

The moro tue farmer can get his hogs
20 eat the larger gain will he get. In
feeding meal or ship stuff, he viii get a
greater gain for amount of food DON
snmsd by feeding them wet We nave
fed this wet because the hogs relfshed it
more, assuming that they gained bestar.
Professor Heny's experiments at the
Wisconsin experiments station establish
as fact what We have assumed in our
farm feeding as relates 70 the amount
eaten, and feeding wet or dry meal and
chip stuff The farmsr who fesds with
good Judgment and observes carefully
the results need not be far OUT OF the
way in his conclusions without the scale
10 establish them.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
WHAT OATS YIELD THE BEST.
Brlef Record of Experiments Made on
The Rurnl Now Workers. Grounds.

A Hrlef Record of Experiments Made on
The Rural New Workers. Grounds.
What oats yield the bestp What oats
have the strongest straw? Which is the
most profitable variety TO cultivated The
Rural New Workers. records show that
nearly every variety, or SC. called variety,
has been tried ut The Rural grounds, and,
except during the past three or four
years, the results have been placed before
its readers. With what result? That
there are only about half dozen dis
tinct kinds that are worth oultivating at
all, while these are offered by the seeds
men of the country u.fder not less than
twenty-five different names. The Rural
New Yorker pressed this fact upon the
attention of growers and seedsmen for a
number of years with 30 little avail that
it has held ITS peace for the past two or
three seasons. As again 80 called new
varieties are offered at very high prices,
readers are cautioned against purchasing
them, except IL trial lots.
Dakota Chieftain, White Belgian, Race
Horse, Clydesdale, Australian, Badger
Queen and White Canadian are all the
same, viz: White Australian or Wei
come, Yankee Prolific, Zealand and
White Novelty are the White Russian.
Mods Ennoblsd is the Black Tartarian.
Pringle's Huiless is the Chinese Hulless.
Many other varieties, such as Triumph,
Improved Swiss, Challenge, American
Beauty, American Banner and Chal-
lenger, though differing from older kinds
TO some extent, are, in fact, in no way
superior 50 far rs these trials have deter
mined.
The statement is made by this we'll
known authority that there are as many
chances for a good crop with White
Schonen as with any of the above named
varieties. "A concluding caution is, TRY
new varieties Of oats in snlall way"
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
FARM, FIELD AND GARDEN.
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF
PROGRESSIVE cULTWAroRs.
siios and Ensiiage-Professor Chamber
iniu's Views on the subjeot-Pracic.l
Hints on the care of the Feet of
Colts and Horses.

Professor Chamberlain. Of the Storrs
Agricultural school Of Connecticut. re-
ports on the subject of silos and ensilsve
as follows;
81 don't believe farmers can afford 10
pay three cents bushel for the long red
mangel wurtzel, nos can the best be
raised at this price. Corn is Sing in
New England, as well az In the west
never thought much Of ensilage until
last winter. To be sure. when the new
barn was built for the school, surprised
everybody by saying we must have a
Sllo took this ground merely because
thought the boys should have the ben
efits OF experience in feeding and han
ding It, seeing and understanding the
method and noting It's effeCse and results
as food. ! fed the ensilage taet winter.
and nay opinion was onapletely reversed.
Now prizo The food, and our capacity
for storing it is 10 be doubled. And still
] believe that corn for corn should be a
by product.
81 don't want corn fodder green. dry
nor ensilaged. The real corn crop is best
and cheapest, One cannot afford to
grow an inferior corn crop for cattle
food VIXEN e better crop can be grown at
the same expense. 1t costs no more to
care for an acre of field corn than to
properly produce the same area Of fod-
der oorn- To be sure, some SOW two
bushels OF seed broadcast, and got a
watery crop that isn't worth harvesting,
But corn should never be broadcaxtsd.
Not over sixteen quarts Of seed should
be used, and the planting should be doue
in order, far enough apart to admit tho
sun and cultivation. When the grain ia
ready to pick, simply pluck the ears and
throw them in rows upon the bare
ground They will take no harm whatever
ii simply moved once in week or two.
The crop can be gathered and placed In
the stlo as readily as if il mad never borne
ears, and is just as good or better, being
mar're.l besides providing the profit
consisting OF grain. Ears treated in this
way the past fall have cured in good
order, notwithstanding tbs severity Of
Ne rainy season, during which they
were let Upon the ground for weeks,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Lime for Fowls.


The particular form in which the lime
shall be furnished to the fowls differs &C
oording to the particular circumstances
in which the owners of the fowls are sit
uated. In all our large towns not far
from the Atlantic sea coast explains
Fanciers' journal great quantities of
oysters ore opened every day, and the
shells may generally be had for the
trouble of removing them. In other sit
There are some advantages and some
Disadvantages In the use of bone; if it is
fresh and sweet II contains considerable
nutritive material generally in addition
to the lime, but if it is at all rancid or
stale the bone is objectionable; it is like
putrid meat or anything OF the sort, and
may cause disease.
Shells, on the contrary, are almost des-
titute of animal matter liable TO become
rancid, and this is an advantage in their
favor. Crushed oyster shells are an ar
.ticle Of trade now, the same as potatoes
or grain. They are sold in barrels or
sacks, If the poultry keeper does not
want TO be at the expense Of purchasing
shells already prepared he may take
them to his fowl yard from the nearest
restaurant or hotel where they may be
obtained and pound them by hand. Or,
if it be desired to avoid this labor, which
is rather irksome, they may be thrown
into any road or gangway where there
is considerable passing of teams, and the
wheels and the feet of the horses will
soon break the shells up fine enough for
the use of poultry. From time to time
the loose shells may be raked or hoed
into the ruts, so that all may become
pulveriged. The crushed shells may be
slowed away for use, and the road may
be replenished with fresh lot of whole
shells as often as necessary.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14

If you have a rough broken farm and
small capital, you can hardly do better
than to secure few good sheep. These
will be nucleus around which will
gather, under good management, a large
hock in a short time--an Investment that
will pay interest at shesring time at the
rate of 100 per cent. and dividends from
each lamb, besides leaving the pasture
lot fertilized in the best possible manner
for a crop of winter wheat,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Warts on Horses and Mules.

Southern Cultivator vouches for the
following treatment for removing warts:
If the waIt prOti'udes from the surface
or has a neck, tie strong thread tightly
around the neck and let it remain until
the wart drops off, which will occur in
few days; then treat Us simple sore
amounting with lard once day. If not
pendulous, burn with some caustic--
lunar caustio, if near the eye; bluestone,
chloride Of zinc, or drop OF two Of
nitric acid, if elsewhere, repeating daily.
Then treat as before. When the warts
are numerous and in close mass, it
may be convenient to burn by touching
lightly with red hot iron, then treat as
q sore,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Silace Versus Field Beets.

In an experiment made at the Ohio
agricultural station to test the relative
value of silage and field beets or mangels
in the production Of milk, twelve short
horn grades were selected and divided
into four lots Of three COWS each. The
snage ration was forty pounds corn
sflage, ten pounds clover hay, two pounds
cornmeal and four pounds bran. The
beet ration was fifty pounds beets, fifteen
pounds clover hay, two pounds oornmeal
and four pounds bran, making the esti-
mated amount OF dry matter IN each
ration the same. While most cows will
take fifty pounds of beets per day with
out any unfavorable effect. it was found
better to increase the dry ration by five
pounds Of hay rather than 10 increase
the quantity Of beets.
About the same quantity of potential
cattle food oan be produced from an acre
Of land in the form of corn ensilage as in
that of beets. The relative cost of pro-
duction was not exactly determined.
More or less Silage was left by every COW
fed upon it, but only seven pounds of
beets were refused throughout the entire
test Two conclusions were reached,
which it is believed will be confirmed by
future experiments. These are:
/. Tho dry matter Of corn silage and
of field beets is at least equal in value to
the dry matter of the better grades Of
stock feed in ordinary use when fed in
properly adjusted rations.
2. Corn silage is slightly superior TO
field beets as flesh or fat producer, and
beets are slightly better than corn silage
Tor milk production
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Rock Salt for AninssIE.

1t is best b use rock salt for animals
keeping piece ander shelter where they
can hex II any time they choose. Salt
given once week In the Geld Is mainly
wasted Il is eaten In such quantities
that it aots as a purgstive by Irritating
tho stomach, and this gets the animal out
of sorts. With free access % lump Of
rock salt stock viii hok It nsarty every
day, taking this necessary eondiment
much as man have learned to do in the
quantities daily required by them when
eating various kinds OF food.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14

Orchard grass is particularly well
adapted to shaded lands and, when once
fairly established, is permanent in it's
character and does not run out, as many
other grasses do, II wfthstands drought
well and is not easily winter killed. 1t
is not, however, an obstinate slayer Like
the conoh grass. and gives no trouble IN
cultivated ands' The chief objectiop to
it is its bunchy habit OF growth; unless
very thiekly sown 1t docs not entirely
cover the ground, but grows in tufts. Ii
is best to mix it with clover for meadow,
or with blue grass for pasture, that the
ground may be all covered. If sown
alone two bushels to the acre should be
used, but If with others the quantity
may be proportionateiy LEGS As the seed
is smaH, Il should be very lightly GOV.
cred
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14

There are two or three varieties of nus
set, varying considerably in quality. The
kind most commonly grown, according
to American Cultivator, is the English
russell, of not very high quality, but val
liable for productiveness and as late
keeper The golden russell of western
New York is better apple, equally pro-
ductive, and is of better quality later in
the season than any other apple, All the
russets have rich flesh, and are not very
juicy. Cider made from them commands
a higher price than from other apples,
though only those too small for market
or otherwise unstable are used. The
russell tree comes early into bearing, as
it never makes an immodsrate growth of
wood. Its spreading habit of growth
checks the leading shoots and induces
fruitfulness. After it gets to bearing, it
needs very high manuring. 1t would
Olsen be bettor if the fruit were thinned
as the fruit sets abundantly, and in its
early stages its thicker skin and sourness
make it less likely than some other vari-
eties 10 be thinned by the cooling moth.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14
Mutton the First Consideration.

At one of the Wisconsin farmers in
stitutes, S, A. Pelton, of Reedsburg, ex.
pressed the opinion that mutton frs, and
wool second should be the aim of every
hockmaster. While opinions differ as to
breed, the farmer can lily afford not to
heed the fact that the market demands
that certain conditions be fulfilled Feed
influences breed to great extent, and
care likewise leaves its ear marks unnis-
takably prominent in every flock.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-02-14

The carrot is an excellent root for all
kinds of stock, cows included. In sub
sanitation Of the above as high an an
thority as Hoard's Dairyman enarks
1.-THE idea that carrots will dry of cows
we take no stock IN. We have helped
10 raise and feed thousands Of bushels of
them, and have not a CRITICISM to make
against them save that 1t Is hard, back
aohing work to raise and feed them.
from the first hoeing to the last Juggling
of them, sliced, to the oattae. 10 does
the animals good to eat them. too. They
are especially valuable for those who
have no silo, and must feed dry forage
in winter"