davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Denlh orNr. r.. L. H'it1man.

Almost the entire county has been
saddcneJ by the death of this good man
which occurred at his home near Crowells
about 1 o'clock, a. m, on Sunday, Jan.
5tl. His illness, though blief, was a
serious type ofpneam)nia, and soon re-
suited in death.
He was buried Monday following near
his home, Rev L, NJ. Curtis conducting
the burial services.
Deceased was about - years old and
leaves wife and two children.
He was young man Of great promise
in his community, having already attain
ed unto considerable influence in his sec
ton and popularity among his friends.
He was one of the acting Justices af the
Peace for his township, and was the lead
ing member Of the Farmers Alliance at
his place. He was a consistent and zeal
Gus member Of the Baptist church at
Growells, and had been one Of he leading
spirits N its work for number Of years.
Always hopeful and more than ordin-
amy energetic, lie carried Win MIN tnal
sweet charm Of pleasant converse which
belongs to very few men of his age.
In this untimely death, the county and
State have lost a devoted son and citizen;
the community, a leader and supporter
Of good enterprise; the church a shining
light for righteousness; and the family, a
Toying and model husband and good
and thoughtful father. We knew him.
He was our friend. We loved him. We
mourn his loss with inexpressible grief
Tenderest sympath;es to the bereaved
companion and the orphaned children
and the sorrowng friends. Angels guard
the way and mercy soothe the spirits OF
the broken-hearted loved ones.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
PERSONALS.

Judge Walter Clark passed
through town last Friday from
visit to his farm on the Roanoke
river.
THE DEMOCRAT was glad to see
in town last week DR.. J II. White,
one of the popular young dentists
of Eastern Carolina, and who is we'll
known to our people.
He had been on a short visit to
his father, Mr.. W. B. White. and
was returning to Elizabeth City, his
home. He is looking exceedingly
well. He enjoys a fine practice III
his profession and finds his c0mmu-
nifty a prosperous place.
Miss Olivia Whitaker, a popular
young lady from Enfield, is visiting
friends in town.
Mess. S. G.. Whitfield and Clifton
Hunter, of Enfield, W,re IN town
last week,
Miss Florence Fountain one Of
Edgecombe's most charming young
ladies IS on a visit to the family of
MIR. w. B, Robertson near this place.
Mrs. ". o. Bullock who has been
on visit to her mother Mrs. p. J..
Madry for the past two weeks, re
turned to her home in Rocky Mount
! last Monday.
Mr.. D. A. Madry and his mother
went 10 ConetOe on Sunday to spend
few days on a visit to Mrs, J, L.
Bullock.
MIR. T. c. Powell Of the Lewiston
section was IN town Monday to see
Mr.. r. E, Hancock who has been
very sick for several days
Mr.. Lee Shields left Monday
morning for Georgia where he ex-
poets to make his home. He has
lots of friends here and they all
wish him well.
| Mr.. G. w. Bryan went to Rocky
Point Saturday on visit to bis
father. He says that strawberries
are 1ipening in that section.
Gen. Anthony is at Charlotte
this week inspecting the Hornets
Nest Ritiemen.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

4 reader Of The DEMOCRAT, and one
Of the clearest-headed young men in the
land. writing te u from Ithaca, New
York. says some things relative to cu-
work here and the South generally Which
re take the berry TO publish. He SAYS
- nave been reading your paper with
unusa4. interest Of lat. You know !
have lRays been q student or the New
South and Of late have had the adrant-
ages Of studying the South from the
>or,h-not Is some Of our misguided
friends up here study It-but as a South
erner who Is fond Of the .'Oli South" and
sangaine OF the New" would st1dy il
surrounded by the advantages for CON-
parison, which the Thrift Of the North
affords. And l tell you. We have but a
small conception Of the Southern pros
perity which only awaits united effort
on the part Of Southern people. So far
as | can see. the South has Immeasurable
natural advantages over the North.
What you want now IN Scotland Neck
Is small manufacturing. interests Of such
nat1ro as to require small capital aud
be fr9e from the crushing out force Of
large mono-olies.
Your edjtorial-.'Tae SltuatIon"-is
Str ing, manly and the right thing at the
RICH, time. l hope your people viii feel
the weight of your arguments. You are
m inn, 4 s+roup uaurr u0w-it has n
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Institute al Ezasifax.

County Superintendent, W. A. Daniel,
informs us that Prof. McIyer will hold a
County Institute for the teachers Of the
County Of Halifax, commencing Monday,
February 3rd, and continuing one week.
Prof. McIver is young man of talent,
has had years of experience as a teacher,
IS one Of the foremost educators of the
State and is dong much for the educa-
honal interest Of the counties he visits,
We hope every teacher IN the county will
attend the Institute, and we believe the
law makes it obligatory on public school
teachers to do so in order to be able to
get certificate to teach. Our schools
and our educational interests generally
need new life, and this is an opportunity
for our teachers to get new and fresh
ideas for their work.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Does Experience Count :?

1t does, in every inc Of business, and
especially in compromising and preparing
medicines. This is illustrated III the
great superiority Of Hoods Sarsaparilla
over other preparations, as shown by the
remarkable cures it has ACCOMPLISHED.
The head of the firm Of c. |. Hood &
Co. Is a thoroughly competent and ex-
pelienced pharmacist. having devoted his
whole to the study and actual prepara-
ton of medicines, He is also a member
of the Massachusetts, and American Phar-
maccut,c8l Associations, and continues
actively devoted to- upervis.ng the prep
arajiou of and mama ing the bus ness con
rected with, Hood'> SarsapafiHa.
Hence the superiority and peculiar
merit Of Hoods Sars2parilla is bliit up
on the most substantial foundation. In
its preparation there is represented all
the knowledge which modern research IN
medical science has developed, combined
with long experience, brainwork, and ex-
pertinent. 1t is only necessary to give
this medicine fair trial &c realize its
great curative value.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Jurors for February term Cf
Inferior Court.

j. B Tilghman, John Burnett. James
P. Lewis, Henry 5. Quarles, R. w. Ivey,
Jr., b, F. Gary, Augustus Nevill, 7. H.
Taylor, H. D. Dickens, Walter Beavans,
W. X. PittmaD, W. 7. Jenkins, L. D.
Richards, NJ. c. Wilkins, VIM. Keeter,
". c. Allsbrook, 6. L. Knight, w. D.
Wilcox, II. B. Moore, R. L, Flemm ing,
j. G. Shaw. Blake Day, j. l.. Shields,
E. L. Pair, G. L. Barnes, J. R. Par ker,
Jesse Jenkins, B. F. Lewis, W. D,
Shields, J. II. Lewis.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Halifax Notes.

Congressman Cheatham spoke to the
colored people al Halifax last Thursday
asking them not to allow themselves
carried away BY agents.
Mr.. D. B. Bryan has moved from the
Southern Hotel to Jackson. n. C.
The hotel is now under the manage
ment of the clever gentlemen, Messrs. NJ.
II. Clark a1d r. G. Reid, and their genial
disposition and courteous treatment
make it popular place for the public.
They make you feel at home.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
The Davis Memorial VoIum

Dir. J. William Jones closed on yester-
day a contract with B. f. J ohnson k Co g.
of this city, for the publication at an early
day of the Davis Memorial Volume, ="
which will be published with the full APP
Droval Of Mrs. Davis (who will receive a
royalty on every copy sold, and in which
Will be gathered choice selections from
the editorials, resolutions, speeches. &c,
which have made our S0uthland's tribute
t. our dead Chief. The book will also
contain a briet outline Of his life and
character, together with "reminiscences.
anecdotes. letters, some of his best
speeches, &c, &c. 1t viii be bsau;ifullv
illustrated and gotten up in fine style,
making a souvenir which all lovers Of the
uame and fame Of the great Confederate
will be glad to have.-RichmondDi2patch,
Dec. %, 1889.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

The following was handed Us just be-
fore going t. press: Sydney 2. Owens
was seriously shot last night in Green.
VILE at O'Clock while on his return from
supper, by some one concealed behind a
tree, who fred twice at him, the first
beng the serious shot. The ball went
through his right arm and lodged in his
lungs. Owens recognized John Hatton
to be the map who shot him, who was
Immediately arrested ana arraigned be-
fore Judge Boykin. These men had a
little difficulty few weeks ago, at which
time Hatton threatened to do what he ac-
compIished last night. Hatton was sent
to jail to await trial, and Owens seemed
be doing very well at 10 o'clock last
night.
Mr.. R. r. Owens left last night i'm
mediately after receiving a telegram. and
was in Greenyille this morning about
o'clock. ED. DEMOCRAT.I
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

4 1r-v7--- -rr,ru VT Tho r-flc-r5rt y
,-,g cont T,rr Dr,rorp,rl,r- SATURDAY..
IT, .r,j-, Ia.,,nr T,r;r,v Yesterday
which consisted of HOY cars and ,
cooc,.s r,.aa the nm from, that Mace 70
Gras,v,lIa n , hours and % minutes
,,,Lio- IN s,ors FIR fa1aa ling and .f.irt-
IN, III is the fastest time vet made
fran 4sI,rax +, Crea7vjrla. and only
co,v,rcas rs more farlv orr-o afFfciancv
or Can't Whitaker and his nonnlar
a-c;,oer Mr. Gcor,e Smith
We are glad - welcome back our
young friend Paul branch as express
messenger on scotland Neck ana 'FeeI .
vLle branch ~ reason Oh his cCHpe-
teucy - fill another position OF more
importance he was removed from this
branch dur2"G the Amas holidays
II.
T,-r,gr C,.yr-,e,..,.,, r.,5... w.1..r
rTa,L has ON, loved NJ II Toner or
Seneca covrtv xaw yorl who = an ev-
narianced trucker If Tn years n take
caarge or his farm O, Roanoke river
Tharc have hea, sxnar;,narts made m
,lc farm ~ grasses and Fruits for the mast
tro wears and now they will he con-
tinuo5 o., Iarr.r scala Tbora are A.
randy ao1 acres in grasses and Inn acres
rnore uilr he oIanted # once
K.,i1.s grasses tbero ora .1so e-r;+s
aIre,dy N Toero ara acrss IN NUNS
,
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
JEFFERSON DAVIS . "s7: Hs"o'

now being prepared by Rev. J. VIM.
Jones. with assistance Of Mrs. Davis. Will
be authentic, charmingly written, beauti-
fully illustrated and bound.-ia every
way worthy of the subject. Agents
wanted Complete outfit, 81 Satisfac-
ton guaranteed or money refunded
Order now. First come. first served
Address Il. F. JOHNSON x CO..
l94t. 1909 Main street, Richmond, Va.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

"W hen the American people.
surtci,o3 with fatteIy and weary
Of leaders that never lead, shall
make craftsmanship instead of
partisanshIp the passport to Office,
then the man Of letters Will have a
place made fol- him in rohtics."-
IIfr5d Il, PeterS IN Be!fords Noc-
ozine.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.

have arrived at last with NJ"
STOCK OF JEWELRY. Be sure to
come round and look at my stock at my
store , doors below the rostOfiicc.
M. HEILBRONER.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
THE DEMOCRAT.
THURSDAY JANUARY 9, 1890.
PUBLISHERS NOTICE.

Advertisements of all kinds must be in
this office by Tuesday afternoon to in
sure publication for the current week.
Local ADVERTISEMENTS 10 cents
line for each insertion.
tHarqes for Iocm 0dcertisjnq due week1y
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
NOTICE,

VINE HILL MALE ACADEMY will
commence spring term on Jan. IS. All
students that enter viii be charged from
date Of entrance to close of term. No
deductions except in case Of pr)tractcd
sickness, and no one need enter unless
the above is complied with.
2t. W. &. ALLEN.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
STATE OF OHIO, GIFT OF TOLEDO, !
LUCAS COUNTY, S. :. !

- A1S NOO NJ - -
FRANK J. CHENEY makes oath that
he is the senior partner of the firm of F.
J. CHENEY & Co, doing business III the
c ty Of Toledo, County and State afore-
said and that said firm will pay the sum
Of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for each
and every case Of CATARRH that can not
be cured by the use Of HALLS CATARRH
CURE. FRANK J. CHENEY.
Sworn to before me and subscribed in
ny presence, this 9th day of December,
A. ID. sc.
SEAL. Notary Public.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internally
and acts directly on the blood and mucuS
surfaces of the system. Send for testi-
monials, free. F. }. CHENEY & co ,
Toledo, O. sa~ Scld by Druggists, 75c.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

IL Our readers would do well
t. read over two Or three times the
articles on Railroads and railroad
Commissions IN this paper last
week 9nl this. Perhaps our cor
respondent Will ROW discontinue
his articles, They have been i'll
teIesting.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

Are broken down from overwork or household
cares Browns Iron RitterS
rebulds the system aids digestion, removes ex-
cess of bile, and cures malaria. Get the genuine
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

The work of the daily and weekly
Somlerner has grown to be too
great for one man, 50 brother Pow
ell has associated with him Mr..
James b, Lloyd in tie editorial
management of the paper.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

At late meeting Of the Board Of
Council Of the city of Frankfort ,
Ky" an ordnance was adopted
prohibiting the sale OF cigarettes
within the limits of the corporation.
I he law went INTO effect Jan. /,
and there is rot a cigarette to be
had IN the city.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Quite a pleasant surprise awaited

Quite pleasant surprise awaited
Mr.. j, y, Bonitz, the managing
editor and proprietor Of the Mes
senger yester day. He was asked to
sep up IN the composing rom for
few moments, AID On doing 20,
was pres nted by the composItors
Of the Messenger with very eleg ant
and comfortable easy chair, as a
token of their esteem and regard.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

The Board Of Health has admits
ted that the grip is epidemic in
New York City, ana has issued
bulletin cautioning everybody to be
unusually careful in the matter of
health.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

FIIS.--All Fits stopped free by Dr..
Kline Great Nerve Restorer. No Fits
after first days use. Marvellous cures.
Treatise and $40 trial bottle free to Fit
cases. Send to DR.. Kline, 93I Arch ST..
PHILADELPHIA, Pa.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

The patent moose which was
ordered from Chicago with which to
hang Jones, tue murderer Of Sheriff
Blake, IS in readiness for the hang
ing of j, {. Parrish IN Raleigh tomor-
low. TIE hanging Will occur at about
Z o'clock a. III, and VII be witnessed
by only about three dozen persons.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

Judge Walter Clark refuses to
ride over the railroads on a free
pas, and so buys his own ticket
ana rides at las own expense. This
is an lnsta3ce Of perfect indepen-
dence. He shows thai he is not
tied to any rlilroad's rrejudices or
opinions by any mcrcenary motive.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

English SPAWN Lini.nent removes all
Hard, Soft or CaIloused Lumps and
Bl-mlshes from horses. Blood SPAWN,
Curbs, SplIntS, Sweeney, Ring bone,
STILES, Sprams, all Swollen Threats.
Coughs, Etc, Save $50 by use Of one
bottle. Warranted. Sold by Z. I.
" hitehead Co., Druggists, Scotland
Neck, \. Z. s ID ".
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Briefs.

The New Orleans City Council
recently passed the ordnance max
ing smoking in street cars a misde.
meanOr.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09
Commissioners yzeesin:.

The County Commissioners were in
regular session Monday. The following
accounts were allowed:
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

MARRIED.-At Washington, N. c.
Jan. LIST by Rev Mr.. W. 0. Winfield,
Miss Myrtle Watson of this County t.
Mr. j. Z. Woodland of Washington. They
were married al 40 4. NJ. after which
the bride and groom left fer the home of
the bride, at BraSweIl's X Roads, where
a handsome recek ton was gwen them.
They spend few days IN tins commune
ty and then return to the home of the
groom. Miss Watson has been teaching
near Washington for the last two or three
years. May happiness attend their
union. w,
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

the above is complied with.
2t. W. g. ALLEN.
Briefs.
The New Orleans City Council
recently passed the ordnance max
ing smoking in street cars a misde.
meanOr.
The Board Of Health has admits
ted that the grip is epidemic in
New York City, ana has issued
bulletin cautioning everybody to be
unusually careful i'll the matter Of
health.
The work of the daily and weekly
Somheruer has grown to be too
great foG one man, 50 brother Pow
ell has associated with him Mr..
James b, Lloyd in tie editorial
management of the paper.
L. Our readers would do we'll
t. read over two Or three times the
articles on Railroads and railroad
Commissions IN this paper last
week 9nl this. Perhaps our cor
respondent Will ROW discontinue
his articles, They have been i'll
teIestiDg.
At late meeting Of the Board Of
Council Of the city of Frankfort
Ky an ordnance was adopted
prohibiting the sale OF cigarettes
within the limits of the corporation.
The law went INTO effect Jan. /,
and there is rot a cigarette to be
had IN the city.
"W hen the American people,
surtci,oG with tiatteIy and weary
Of leaders that never lead, shall
make craftsmanship instead of
paTtisanship the passport to Office,
then the man Of letters will have a
place made fol him in rohtics.''-
IIfrsd Il, PcterS IN BeTorUs uoc-
o4tne.
The patent moose which was
ordered from Chicago with which to
hang Jones, tue murderer Of Sheriff.
Blake, IS in readiness for the hang
ing of j, {. Parrish IN Raleigh tOmOr-
low. TIE hanging viii occur at about
Z O'Clock a. III, and VII be witnessed
by only about three dozen persons.
Judge Walter Clark refuses to
ride over the railroads On a free
pas and so bu, his own ticket
and rides at his own expense. This
is an Insta5ce Of perfect indeppn-
dence. He shows thai he is not
tied to any rlilroad's rrejudices or
opinions by any meICenary motive.
Quite pleasant surprise awaited
Mr.. j. A BOnitz, the managing
editor and proprietor Of the Mes
sengeT yestet day. He was asked to
sep up IN the composing rom for
few moments, AID On doing 20,
was pres nted by the cOmpostors
Of the NeSScnqer with very ele9a nt
and comfortable easy chair, as a
token of their esteem and regard.
i FIIS,-AlI Fits stopped free by Dr..
q hIlne,s Great Nerve Restorer. No Fits
II after first days use. Marvellous cures.
Treatise and $500 trial bottle free to Fit
cases. Send to DR.. Kline, 93I Arch ST.,
PHILADELPHIA, Pa.
English Spawn Iini,ncnt removes all
Hard, Soft or CaIloused Lumps and
Bl-mishes from horses. Blood Spawn.
Curbs, SplntS, Sweeney, King-bone,
STILES, Sprams, all Swollen Threats.
Coughs, Etc Save $50 by use Of one
1 3.Jo.e; Warranted; Sold by E; I;
Neck, n. Q. s ID 1y.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

Gen. Anthony is at Charlotte
this week inspecting the Hornets
Nest Ritiemen.
The Democrat. (Scotland Neck, Halifax Co., N.C.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-09

ong life and Happiness i all.
ield, y. c., Jan. ;, %. {. II. W.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1890-07-29
BOOMING THE CRANBERRY.
Tho Alleged Scheme Of an English Syn.
dictate in New Jersey.

II 10 currently rumored in New Jersey that
the cranberry interests Of Burlington and ad-
jacent counties are to DO doomed to o consid-
cradle extent by a syndicate of English capt.
talists, who. il is stated expect to gain control
and have under cultivation some 5000 acres Of
bog. W. 8. Cook of New York city, who repre-
sents the syndicate, has been in communication
some time with Charles Pittman. who is SUPER
intendent Of the Upton tract in Burlington
county, which comprises some Is, 900 acres of
land, for the purpose Of buying a portion of
the tract, but nothing definite has resulted
from their correspondence
The number of acres said to be desired by
this syndicate for cranberry culture must have
been overstated. for the reason that while
there arc now many men engaged in this bust
ness. yet there are not 5000 and perhaps not
1000 acres in the state used for this purpose,
and only 500 acres of the vast Upton tract con-
for such cultivation.
ut is an easy matter to buy 5000 acres of
land. but II is another thing to get that much
upon which cranberries can be grown. Those
VINO are now in possession of successful boys
would not sell them at SO per acre, the syndi-
Gates price. said large grower.
Tho amount of land engaged in this industry
IN burlington, Ocean, Atlantic and Camden
counties Is about 600 acres and it is difficult
to see how the syndicates expectations could
be carried ont il it owned oil the land under
cranberry culture in the state.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1890-07-29
NETWORKS WEARY POSTMASTER.
Too Much Society Nonsense and He
Wants to Resign.

Nothing has caused such a serious social
contention at Newport as the contest between
Mrs. ". X. Aston and Mrs. W. W. Aston over
the right to the title of Mrs. Aston. The pub
licity of the affair, which has ever been Stunned
by the family, has not deferred the two ladies,
and the plucky Philadelphia beauty is firm in
her determination not to DO deprived Of her
rights by even such an august mother-in-law
as Mrs Aston, sr. She has consequently again
insisted on Postmaster Brown sending her all
letters addressed Mrs. Astor," and, despite
advice from Washington that the postal laws
recognize no Mrs. Astor, he has assented. This
has gotten him in bad odor at Washington and
he declares he will resign.
He said in an interview yesterday ''My life
is made miserable. 1 want to do what is right
1t Is all well enough to talk about democratic
principles, but they are an unknown thing here
in Newport No one can keep this office if he
does not adapt himself to the fads here. New
port is run by the aristocratic summer people,
did not defy Mr.. Wanamaker and say 1 would
not have any carriers. He only advised me to
have some appointed il considered them
needed and wrote that didn't need them
II he wants some one else in my place here l
will resign tomorrow, and want to see any one
do better"
MIR. Brown is very popular and both the
Mrs. Astors want him to remain.