The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1890-11-20
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the tubefs. The disease consists 81 aims
gus, the spores ii which propagate Of 40
extraordinarily rapid rate. snd are blown
by the Wind from 6sld 10 teld. ~ well rs
from plant 70 plant by great number
Of experiments. carried out very carefully
al over Denmark. u vas found that the
disease spread from The foliage down 10
the tnbers 10 about seven days after the
foliage was stacked The way u spread
Vas by the spores falling from the leaves
and stem Of the plspt on 10 the soil aDi
beine then washed down 10 the tubers by
the rain. Ga tsking up the potatoes IN
layers. the top layer. consisting OF those
nearest the surface and nearest the stem.
was diseased 10 the extent OF about SO per
cent. the middle layer TO the extent Of 80
per cent. while the lowest layer was ouly
diseased to the extent Of 5 per cent.
Those potatoes nearest the stem Of The
plant we're also always found worse dis
eAsed shsn those farther away. This also
went 10 prove that the spores came from
the suriace. and ia this case came down
the opening 10 the soil made by the stem.
This gave the idea that the spores could
not reach the tubers II the soil Was dense
enough. and . great number OF expert
ments we're tried oil over the country to
prove or dsprove this idea. The result
was startling, and may be roundly put as
follows. Where no moulding" or earth
ing up Was done the percentage OF diseas'
cd potatoes was "a, where the moulding
Was imperfect 70. and where the moulding
was perfect one only.
Some 100 fsrmere we're engaged in these
experiments, and the results were ell care
fully tabulsted. and the experimental
fields visited and carefully inspected.
The knowledge thus obtained proves that
TO entirely prevent the spores Of disease
the potatoes II is necessary. LIST.
To plant the seeds about IL inches apart'
md have the rows about 30 inches apart.
"a. To mould up into broad ridge,
three or four inches high and 10 to 70
inches wide, At the first wedding. 81. To
mould up again when the disease first ap
pears in the leaves Of the plant, or within
seven days Of it's appearance. The second
moulding up to be as high as possible.
nd so arranged as to bend over the tops
II the plant. SO that the spores when ma
ure may fell into the space between the
ows, and not on the ridges. This can be
lone by earthiug up on one side only
There should not be less than 3 IL inches
i soil on the top OF the uppermost layer
Il tuberp. II was found that one mould
ug up would not do. 1.-THE ridges were
moulded up high enough to repel the dis
ase ct the beginning, the crop OF potatoes
gas less. in consequences Of the young
liant being TO much GOV, red up. The first
,oulding or esrthing up should be when
he usual wedding takes place, and should
% fat and broad. The c5nd moulding
hould not be done till he disease shows
self 10 the plant.
A small special experiment was made in
ne field where the dlseass WAS very prev
lent. 10 the second"bigh moulding mp"
be soil was beaten close with the spade
) the operator weut along. and this 80
fiectually kept out the disease tina! the
Tell from Ga to 0 Hardly y
al potato could b. found, though two.
lirAs we're bad in lie ridges not moulded
D. II WAS found that the preeence OF
orms, srubs, etc, IN the soil increased
ie disease 10 proportion TO their num-
ers, that is, their boring operations let in
le disease spores through the soil.
Though The method Of double earthing
p was found Ia almost entirely protect
lie potatoes frem the disease, it was fear
that, when taken up they would
i'll come 10 contact with the spores
bile being taken up, and thus become
fected after all A great many expert,
cuts we're made on this point, and the
suits may be put IS follows: II taken
, before The tops had completely witber
/, they did become infected, and to a
ny large extent II the tops were cut
ard taken a9sy before the tnbers were
led disease still showed itself 10 few
ys, though they we're perfectly sound
leu taken up THIS WAS expected. as
Q spores Which bad already fail,p iron
) tops were Oh aud 10 the soil 1.-The tops
re allowed to compl tely with,r before
IN want Of food, aud no disease what.
Dr. showed ifsrli. either Vt lifting or
erward. Ifthc. tops were Gu. aud taken
ay rs soon as the tnbers were ripe and
lore the spores bad fallen 10 any great
aptiiy on he soil, the disessc which
de its Appearance IN The potatoes was
very great. II the tops we're cut aud
el away, aud The tubers not lifted for n
,ther week or so. very little disease re
ted, as tiIr spofes we're mostly dead. q
The tops we're SLOWED to witber. and n
10 month ailowrd 10 lapse before the
,'rs were taken mp. no disease at all ey-
itself. aud II is believed that
oripishi's time aonld have been equally
.ctive. OF
--~--------e -
/ was once thought that the fat for bat
and for storing up 10 the animal sys
, is drawn from the IA. 10 the food but
las bern repeatedly shown tbst the ..
unt Of butter fat turned out by COW
or in excess OF that conisiosd in the
d which she rats Whence. then,
1es the bydfocsibon caniaioei 10 but
IL is from the spgsr add siarches 10 W
fool. ~ veil 81 irom fbe free fat which
ontsins. or are the albumionoids Of the