davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1890-06-19

Through tickets and baggage checked 10 all
points.
For rates and other information. address
W. j. ROBINSON. G. =. A, Parkcr,burg.
A. j. DANDY, A. q. l.. A.. Parkersburg
J. &. TOMLINSON. Pas. Agent. Mhecline,W Va
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

THREE different experiments have
been made at the Wisconsin Station,
under the superintendent of Professor
W. A. Henry, to test the efficacy of
feeding ashes and bone meal to hogs.
To one lot was given nothing but corn
to another was fed " little ground
bone daily" and the third had free &C
cess to trough of wood ashes. Where
nothing but the ordinary food was
given it took 500 pounds of corn meal
to make 100 pounds of pork; where
ashes were given, 491 pounds of corn
made a pound of pork; and where bone
meal was fed 4S7 pounds of corn-meal
made pound of pork. The ashes and
bone-meal each caused a saving of
about twenty-eight per cent of the feed.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

to avert it, that we were in the clutches
of money mongers, who were proiiting
by our misfortunes. We asked con-
gress as last resort to provide by the
government to us, taking mortgages
upon our farms for security, giving us
long time and very low rate of inter.
est. We thought the government could
and ought to do this for us, as we lie
at the foundation of all wealth in this
country, and our numbers are so large
we thought we were entitled to great
consideration. We believed the gov
eminent could relieve us without any
embarrassment, that it could issue to us
legal tender notes of like character to
the ancient greenbacks. We were will
ing to take them and use them, conf
dent that they would do for us what
they did in carrying us through the
great struggle of the civil war. We
also asked for like loans upon our grain
products in store on warehouse certifi-
Gates. We thought we were offering
the best of security-but fancy our sur
prise when we were unceremoniously
brushed aside, and given to understand
that we didn't amount to shucks."
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

H. b. GURLER of DeKalb, ILL.,, one
of the directors of the experiment sta
ton of that state, has been for several
years wedding out and breeding up his
herd of sixty-odd cows, and has got
them near an average of 300 pounds of
butter annually. His herd was recently
tested by Professor Shorts method, and
the average per cent of fat in the milk
of sixty-four cows was 4.2l. The high
est was 5.S5 and the lowest 2.75 per
cent, difference between the two ex-
tremes of 10 per cent.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

HAPPY HOosIERs.-W William Tim
mons, postmaster of Idaville, Ind,
writes: Electric Bitters has done
more for me than all other medicines
combined for that bad feeling arising
from kidney and liver trouble" John
Leslie, farmer and stockman, of same
place, says: Find Electric Bitters to
he the best kidney and liver medicine;
made me feel like new man." j. w.
Gardner, hardware merchant, same
town, says: Electric Bitters is Just
The thing for a man who is all run down
and don't care whether he lives or
dies" He found new strength, good
appetite and felt just like he had new
lease on life. Only fifty cents bottle,
at G. Blakely's drugstore.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

For the safety of US all it seems to be
imperative to do something at once to
educate the rising generations in ele-
mentary common sense, aud a knowl-
edge of the first principles of ordinary
business. The grievances of the west
ern farmer and of all the working class,
are real enough and bad enough; but
they can not be cured by political
quackery. Perhaps, when we think of
the millions upon millions wasted by
our people upon quack medicines, of
the other millions wasted upon lotteries
and like transparent frauds, to say moth
ing of rum drinking, tobacco chewing
and smoking, and the like, we need not
wonder to see them running after quack
politicians. What is really wanted by
the present and the rising generations
is instruction in the elementary truths
of life and business. We want more
intelligent press, better schools, more
faithful and brighter teachers of all
things good, noble and true. 1t is need
less to say that farmers who follow the
leaders that have sprung up in the
West are going to have headlong tum-
BILE down folly hill.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

AN experienced horseman, writing
in an exchange on the proper way of
handling youngsters, claims that colts
should be trained to walk. He thinks
that many persons are in such hurry,
or imagine they are, that the colt is
forced to trot, and soon becoming leg
weary, it gets into way of walking
very slow to rest. 1t would be much
better plan to let the colt walk, and so
keep him fresh and vigorous.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

it Is already proved, since the practice
OF the dairy would not be at all modified
by the demonstration referred to. Its
OPERATIONS are conducted evactly as
though an envelope exists, and with
perfect results.
Orleans county, Vt.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

SAYS the Mirror and Farmer: "There
is a great deal said to-day, in what is
supposed to be progressive age, about
g,tting out of the ruts and keeping out
o. them. But a portion of this talk is
nonsense. However enlightened and
advanced a period may become, one
Principle will never be changed; it is
tat mankind is not original, generally
Speaking. The few who can open new
avenues to victory are the exception.
Men pile up wealth every day because
hey are wise emo Oh to stick to GER
tim rrut which they have found profit
able.D
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
AIR IN CREAM.

For some time it was thought (and
churns to carry out the principle were
iutroduceD that the passage of air into
the cream during the process of churn-
ing promoted the separation of the
butter. This idea is now exploded,
and the churns are found only in gar
rets. allude to it merely to show, in
the light of what will be hereafter
stated, how far away from any true
conception of the facts the minds of
many must have been when such a
theory could have had currency.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

WE scarcely need to say that we
sympathize fully with farmers, every
where, who instinctively feel that
something is rotten in the state of
Denmark" but we can not see much
hope that they will be able to right their
wrongs, though their action may for a
time badly bother the plans of the
political leaders of both parties. Fifty
years ago, before any of our now great
wealth-giving discoveries and monop-
olies had come into existence, the farm
ers may be said to have had an equal
chance with the rest of their fellow
citizens; though even then they were
somewhat handicapped by their lack of
knowledge, and their entire depend
ence upon leaders. But at that time
those leaders, who were, as now, mostly
lawyers, depended upon the people for
living, and were therefore usually
faithful to the peoples interests. But
now all our ablest lawyers are in the
pay of the corporations and trusts. In
the state legislatures and in congress
they work for these good paymasters,
and know perfectly how, even in laws
designed and ostensibly formed to con-
troll or abolish the evils of monopoly,
to give the oyster TO their clients and
throw the shells to their constituents.
They have been denouncing trusts ever
since the thing was invented; but the
first and great exemplar of this gil
gantic abuse, the Standard Oil Trust,
stands still unframed, as an evidence
that all abuses which make the rich
richer and the poor poorer are per-
fectly safe, so far as any legislation yet
secured is concerned.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
WITCHES IN TIE CREAM.

Not infrequently the correspondence
columns of agricultural journals contain
queries headed, "Why Don't the But
ter Gomez" or something equivalent, in
which the writer details the painful
effort of hours, and even days, over
refractory churnful of cream. Most in
experienced people meet with this
trouble, and not few, also, who have
made a good deal of butter, and made
it we'll, when all natural conditions
were favorable. The idea expressed
by some, that the cream was " be-
witched," is the last resort, the world
over, for the explanation of uncompre-
hended natural phenomena. 1t is only
in the clear, white light of science
(knowledge) that the witch becomes
totally invisible, She and the ghost are
always best seen in the dark.
As lately AS seven or eight years ago
it was the universal teaching that the
proper temperature for setting milk
was in the vicinity of sixty degrees.
The best authorities agreed that at
higher temperature the milk would be-
come sour before all the cream would
come to the surface, while at lower
temperature IL WOUlu never rise aI I'LL.
When the Swedish method of setting in
ice-water was first reported in America
it could hardly obtain serious notice, so
contrary was it to received notions.
Now, it has been abundantly demon
strated that cream swims to the surface
soonest in milk cooled nearly to its
point of greatest density, or about forty
degrees. This is, in itself, a great adj
probably the greatest single
step that has been made in butter
dairying. Yet it was not made by
professor, but was blundered upon in
practice.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
per cent!

THE whole of the matter sums itself
up in the fact that ignorance is not safe.
We need schools to train all our young
men in the elements of human wis
dom-in the simplest common sense.
Ben. Franklin would stare if he could
come to life again and see how entirely
the wisdom he dispensed to American
farmers a century ago has disappeared
from the minds of the people, whom he
thought he was educating for freedom
and self government.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

THE truth is that the farmers are on
the way to be made the serfs and slaves
of the money kings in much more
artful way than of old. Their personal
liberty will not be interfered with, but
their wealth will be drained away by
these leeches upon the body polite,
until time may come when man may
beg to be made slave in order that
he may not starve.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

Now, it looks to us as though this
ridiculous programme was devised and
urged upon the farmers organic ltions
by the paid agents of the corporations
and trusts, masquerading in the dis
guise of leaders of the people. The
measures proposed make one think of
Pinafore, and the other burlesque
operas. Awhile ago, the westward
emigrants went singing: "Uncle Sam
is rich enough to give us all farml"
Uncle Sam did give them each farm
and the first thing most of them did
was to mortgage it heavily at from ten
to fifteen per cent interest. OF course
no farming, and, least of all, western
farming, dependent upon long railroad
hauls for a market, could stand such
rates, even upon gratuitous farms. The
folly of such reckless borrowing seems
now to have become insanity. Having
received farms gratis, they, like prodigal
sons, are coming to Uncle Sam to take
up these mortgages for them, and lend
them all the money they want at two
nov oonti
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

A mansard roof Involvement house, one pitch
roof twOtenement house, built six years, in good
repair; one new twostory house, with twenty-elght
rooms, suitable for two families, with running water
and closets. The above property is situated on
Barre street Also twenty building lots, small
pasture near Plainfed village, Wheeler farm in
Marshheld. lot of land in Peacham, small farm In
Orange, lease land, six hundred feet inch steam
pipe, two building screws. The above property
must be sold to close estate.
ALBERT JOHONNOT, Administrator.
Montpelier, Vt, December 8, 1890.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

THIS is at least the tendency of affairs
now; but of course there will be serious
difficulties in carrying the thing out as
fully and completely as it was done uu-
der other conditions in the middle ages
by the robber barons and the priests of
that era. We have the press still on
the side of the people; and though
much of it is more or less pandering to
the money power, yet for the greater
part the people are the newspapers
best customers, and therefore will re-
ceive their aid.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
Dairying Fallacies.
ny T. IL. HoaKINs. MD.

There have been great advances in
the study of the scientiics of dairying
during the last ten years. Large credit
is due TO a number of enterprising men,
who have devoted both money and
time to the investigation of milk and
its products, and also to improving the
methods of breeding, feeding and hand
ling dairy stock. If | were disposed to
criticise anything these investigators
have done, it would be the haste some
of them have shown to become instruct
ors before acquiring II mastery of their
subject. To this we owe much build
ing with un,empered mortar that
has not endured; and, worse than that,
the diffusion of erroneous notions
among the people, harder TO be over
come than a simple, teachable igno-
rance.
Anxious to avoid the fault myself,
and yet DESTROYS to point out what |
al thoroughly con inced are serious
errors, shall touch briefly in this arti-
Gle upon some important practical
points which have been misstated and
misunderstood, and about which the
popular mind is yet adrift. | do this
with some reserve, and only after more
than fifteen years of practical study,
joined to careful closet investigation of
both the chemical and physical sides of
the question. The public are often at
a loss to decide where " doctors Z" and
professors disagree; yet l believe
that | shall make points | touch upon
sufficiently plain, and shall support my
statements with such good reasons that
most Intelligent and well-experienced
practical dairymen will agree with my
concluoions.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31

THE farmers of the West and South
are very much excited over their un-
payable mortgages. Speaking of the
old party leaders, the writer above
quoted says: "We told them we were
in great distress, that we were loaded
down with debt secured by mortgages
upon our farms and homes, that we
were threatened with foreclosures, that
we saw ruin for ourselves and families
staring us in the face and saw no way
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
farm ano Garoem.

Address all inquiries communications in relation
70 agriculture to DIR. T. II. HosKINs, Newport, Vt.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
THE -" CURRENT THEORY.


Some minds have great fondness for
mystifying plain matters. If one should
sec quantity of apples goi G over
waterfall, it would never occur to him
that when those apples reached the still
water below it would be necessary to
"create currents " in the pool before the
fruit would float to the surface. The
fact that apples are lighter than water
would be considered sufficient reason
why they should float upon it, aud as it
is rule alike of philosophy and COM
mon sense that when we have a per-
fectly satisfactory reason for any occur
renee it is folly to seek for any other,
we should never think of current"
theory. Having ocular evidence that a
current submerged the apples, and that
they came TO the surface when the cur
rent abated, we should be satisfied.
Now, the butter globule, though it is
too small to be seen by the naked eve,
is to the milk in which it swims what
the apples in the case supposed were to
the water. If we keep the milk in a
state of agitation they do not rise; if
the milk is at rest, and Just in proper
ton as the rest is perfect, they swim to
the top. The most rapid separation of
cream takes place in that apparatus
where the milk is quickest reduced to
the proper temperature and most rig
idly held there. Whenever you hear
one of these " current " theorists hold
ing forth, you will always find that he
has "new patent setting-can in the
ante-room, which he would like to show
you. Remember the air-churns and
eschew him.
THE ANIMAL DOOR.
That the best butter is now made
from cream raised in closed. and even
in submerged, cans, is what the boys
call ga sticker" to those gentlemen
who have long and learnedly held forth
upon the pernicious "animal odor" in
milk, which required the most careful
ventilation to be rid of, and which alb
soutely ruined the flavor and keeping
quality of the butter when retained.
Various ingenious ways of getting
around the stubborn fact are resorted
to. 1t is hard, indeed, after having ex-
planned how this odOr" originates,
what its chemical formula probably is,
and how it looks or would look when
isolated, to find it disappear all at once,
like will-o'- the-wisp. No doubt there
are "things " in milk, but no doubt, also,
they are got there from filthy bags and
teats, filthy hands, foul air and the like.
Pure, healthy milk has nothing in it
that needs to be removed by ventila-
ton. Ventilate your cow stables, keep
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
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The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
MORE JUSTIFICATION.


val over the butter globule. Nearly all
of them (I do not know an exception
among dairy" professors ~ declare that
Having created this shell Gas the Ger
man philosopher created an elephant,
Z" out of the depths of his moral con-
sciousness'O, they have as much trouble
with it as they had with the "animal
odor." Some tell us that the cream
must be kept until acidity is developed,
in order to weaken the shell. One has
said that the churn must be 30 con-
structed as to have Il grinding action
upon the cream, for the same purpose.
A good many have seen the shell, not
only upon the globule, but after it has
been ruptured and the butter has es-
capped. They describe it as accurately
as they described the " animal odOr :"
when concentrated into "yellow oil, ;"
or as the old lady described the ague
which the doctor made her throw up
with a dose of lobelia. She said it
"looked for all the world like the yolk
of an egg"
And yet we know that we can make
butter as easily from sweet cream as
from sour. We know that we can make
butter as quickly by shaking cream in
plain, pine box as when agitated by the
most scientific dasher ever invented.
We know that at the right temperature
we can not carry a bottle of cream
few miles in a wagon-boX without find
ing butter there at the end of our Jour
ney. SO far we have common sense
versus inaccurate science.
If we 90 further, we shall find that
while twenty years ago all psychologists
thought they could see a membrane on
the little globule (and nothing is more
easy than to deceive ones self on this
point in using an imperfect instrument,
or good one unskillfully), now more
than half of those who have studied the
question with ability declare it to be
untrue. 1t is really difficult question
to decide. Both OFFICIALLY, with the
microscope, and by the use of chemical
tests, the highest manual skill and the
best mental ability are requisite in the
determination of this apparently simple
problem. But the writer hopes he may
say, without undue egotism, that
though "only an ordinary MD. and
farmer" he, fifteen years ago, and sew
eral times since, has repeated, with
many variations, a great variety of tests,
both on the optical and chemical side of
this membrane question, and con-
cluded, each time with lirmer convic-
ton, that the giobules swim "bare
naked p" in the serum of the milk, re-
quiring forcible contact only, at the
right temperature, to cause them to adj
here to each other and form butter.
When he began this study he was not
aware that single prominent scientist
held any other view than that the but
ter globule had an envelope. Now he
is happy in finding the majority upon
his side, and he looks, in a few years,
to see the point demonstrated, by some
ingenious experiment. so that there can
be no longer any dispute. Practically,
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-31
Editorial NOtings.

DAIRYING FALLACIEs.-We reprint
elsewhere an article which appeared
some ten years ago in the Rural NeD
Yorker, and was reprinted in the same
paper in 1887 by the request of an Iowa
correspondent. We do it for several
reasons, one of which is that in it we
state our claim to have been the origi-
nal exploder of the idea of membra-
nous envelope on the butter globule.
We stated the facts proven by our in
vestigations at a meeting of the Yer
mont Dairymen's Association at st.
Adams, many years ago, when Mr.. y.
A. Willard, Harris Lewis and Mr.. Cur
It's (now of the Mirror and Farmer
were present: but our statement was
received with entire incredulity, and
Secretary Bliss excluded it from his re-
port. Recently, chemist in Boston,
(rather noted for his advocacy of oleo-
margarne) has been put forward Cor
has put himself forward) as being the
discoverer of this fact, which is begin
ming to be accepted among writers;
but it will probably have to be again
discovered by some microscopic Don,
who may then go down in the encyclo-
pedias as its real, genuine, Simon Pure
discoverer. -
SOME of the western farmers are eX-
planning in the newspapers the true
inwardness of their recent political
action. One of them, in the Western
Rural, says "The farmers have been
studying political conundrums, among
which are the following: Why is it
that in country like ours, not over
populated, under wise system of gov
eminent, with productive soil and
healthful climate, rich in timber and
minerals, and an industrious and eco
nomical population, that twenty-five
thousand persons own one-half of the
whole United States? How is it three
fifths of all the wealth of the country
is now in the hands of 10000 persons,
and, too, in county of over GA 900 900
of people? How is it that the non
producer of wealth grows richer while
the toiling millions of producers grow
poorer, and have to struggle for bare
subsistence"