Telegram-herald., 1890-11-16


they ever knew. Iadevd bis many
splendid characteristics proved his own
ruln Ia scotland.
No men living, barring perhaps his
no less unfortunate brethren, the
IRISH Celts, ever displayed such
cousummate love OF nome ENVIRON
meat. kindred aad chief. HIS
ocns, locns, straths and glens prOyid-
ri an all consuming nature-wOrsnlp;
rs ancestry and the trad tons OF line
age became hls exultantly-sung epics;
hls chief and the deeds of his elan were
ad0red with almost the passion OF idOi-
airy. His devotion TO the Stuarts,
from Cromwelfs time 10 "BOnnie
Prince Charlie" was sublime In It's des-
prrafe loyalty, and furnish some of the
most thrilling pages IA history. But
being TOO far from Edlngourgh, Lon
den and Paris 20 know the political
time OF day." he always fought Tor a
lost cause. Naturally little mercy was
shown nim or hls more danger rauschiets.
You can today still see the tremendous
walls of Fort William Fort Augustus,
Fort George aud Kings House,
the trans-6ramplan furies estab-
lIshed after the nrst rebellion of l7l5,
TO awe hIm into submission, their Eng
llsn names breaking ms spirit greater
than the men and armament they
housed. Then, after CullOden, when
al hls hopes were blasted in the utter
ruin OF tue House of Stuart, came the
Disarmlng Act, deprlvIng HIM of the
right 10 bear arms, essential ~ his eyes
10 manhood; and, Immediately on the
heels OF this, followed that most be
meaning OF all Highland hUmilitatiOns,
the interdct against ms beloved kilt
and tartan. which for wears made him
skulk and hide IN ms mountain home a
pitiful OBJECT Of contumely aud dis
grace.
The downfall of the Stuarts caused a
compile d sruptiOn of the clan system.
Then followed the abolition OF herltable
jurisdiction. The power OF the chiefs.
good or bad. was transferred To lawyer
adventures sent mo the north from
Glasgow 90 Edinburgh. The II ghiand-
ers gan 10 lOatue tholr own country,
and tue chiefs OsI all interest in the
welfare of their people. Important
emmigration resulted. lessen.nZ pro-
ducts aud revenues. Many great clan
territories changed hands. New land
lords or inspir.ted and bankrupt former
chiefs began TO look upon the Highland
peassntry simply simply As cnSttels, 10
be bought ana sold as mere slaves.
Then IN the latter part OF the last aud
tue hrst part of the present cen
tury, As the prOprieIoTs of es-
tates abandoned all mercy to a
pto .e with inherent rights ia the
soil from which they sprang, and
taking refuge under the absoiutlsm
v stet IN the powers granted under the
Old Scottish feudal laws, which, hy sue
Cesslve eucrOachments,h had transformed
the original authority OF suzeraln into
absolute private ownership. came the
La gaarOus "ciearances" or fOreible evIc-
t.ons, OF Glen Dsssary, Clsnranald and
Glengsrry- Following this, and con-
tinung from 1907 10 1929, were perpe-
trtted the atrOciOus Sutherland Clear
ances. The most OF tine entire shire of
Sutherland then belonged and still be-
longs to the noble house OF Sutherland
and Stafford, related by internaTrsge.
! The then living representatives Of these
noble families conceived the idea that
| sheep we're more profitable than II gh-
lauders. That was before British
/ sportsmen let the Highland Landlords
| know that deer and grouse could be
made more profitable than either. But
ln the period named. PRACTICALLY the en-
| tire SHIRE, one Of the largest IN Scot
| land, and comprising an area OF nearly
1000 900 scres, was depopulated. The
/ helpless mountaineers were driven
/ from their own homes, and those lev
eled 20 tue ground by FIRE. Hundreds
pershed from fright, exposure and
brutal treatment. Those who had the
means OF fight, or whose friends in
/ Canada or the States could furnish
I them the same, emgrated to America.
/ The remainder were huddled in vile
cabins along the seashore, and forced to
/ escape actual starvation by gathering
I Selp aud mussles. this poor shit being
I finally denied them, or in bravlng the
/ dangers OF the sea Ia ishiug, mode OF
/ lfs 30 which they we're az much a
/ stranger as vOur own tendsrly cared
/ for chld. Thsrs q not 20 - found in
[ All history more scsnsslous page Of
I Ingenious and supreme human cruelty
4 And vet it was set down bY economic
/ writers Of the time "a great benefit 20
| society az lsrgs, as 10 cost the noble
I houses Of sutherland Stafford over
I fl .0e0 900. and IN tne Unbiased history
I aA E@kaN-~tf aAttt t-t ISL rTNtEtc = Aitti
I eucyciopTdias "a "a notable improve.
ment OF the II zh&nds.
The same kind of Improvements
F iuterm'ttsutlv remained ia vogue
though on lesser scale. under sane
T ton 80 THESE old scottish land avs uI
Co a very recent date. IN Banf. FL En
+ Nseru. Inverness. Csithness. Ross sud
A~zv' SHIRE and N the Hshrldes. III =
f hind 'ord e.shed o. transform nIs xrest
I holding iut0 sbeepwalxs or game pre-.
+ sefvss. lt Tss soon bruited about taa.
E che d,sfT % Nas "congested.T - Then
crofters were cleared cut entirely. on
sammsrav removed - wretched
astches of uuculhvated land. q
hgn snew hle Of starvation
under increased penalties o'
reafsLhurdan and environments
Aside from these hesrt'ess orusE
E ues .t seems ss though the most devil
ish ngenuites Ia extort.ons snd hum l.
fahons Uere slso imposed. After che
new croft rss improved, st tie term
rsten of the usual i9-vess leass, sd8i.
tons. rentsI Was demanded. III not
p8-t tae croft wss rsck-rsntes or lessed
g. q nsW tenant The terr azso cro4 ter