davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Rucoda News.

BucopA, Dec. 2l.-ISpeeial.l TUESDAY evening
the infant daughter of Ralph Peterson, black
smith in Whaling's logging camp, died quite
suddenly. The rumor is circulated by some of
the neighbors that the father had killed the
child by breaking its neck. Thursday evening
Coroner Hartsock OF Olympia. was telegraphed
for, but at the inquest held Friday afternoon the
jury returned verdict OF death resulting from
some unknown cause, thus exonerating the
father
Mr. NJ Mead, who had his head badly cut last
Monday afternoon by falling into the reiuse-car-
rier at the Seateo Manufacturing Companys
mill, is reported to be in "a critical condition.
Mrs John erosion, whose husband died two
or three weeks ago, is dangerously sick with ty-
phoid fever.
The Bucoda eornet band is making great prep
arations for grand ball To be given Christmas
eve at the Bucoda opera-house.
Hon Francis Rotch left Saturday for Nalia
Waiia for short visit
Mrs J. X Smith left last night Tor Yakima,
being called there by the illness of her mother.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
A SOCIALISTS BLUNDER.
lie Says Colonel Bull Was Murdered for
Asking for Food.

LONDON. Dec. 2l.-Mr. Cunnnghame Graham,
NJ F., In letter To the Graphic. condemns the
Americans for numbering sitting Bull for asking
food for his tribe.
ST. PAUL, Dec 2lA Bismarck special says:
The Indian agent at Fort Berthold has asked the
protection OF troops. The Bertholi Indians are
threatening the agency
WrSSffEG. Dec. 2l.A Regina NV. T., special
says; 4 detachment OF thirty Canadian mounted
police left town this afternoon. and another to-
night, for Chief Pin Pots reserve in response to
the intelligence that u number of runners from
across the border had arrived there.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
CUBA TERRoRIzED By BRIGANDs.
The Captain-Genera Offers e10.O 900 fol
Robber Garcia's Head.


NEW YORK, Dec. 2i.-[special IA corresponds
ent of the Star, in Cuba, says the people arc
claiming that the political and financial coudi-
tions of the island have not changed for the best
since Captain-GeneraI Camille Polayieja took the
reins OF government.
Reforms of all kinds wcrc promised to the
people OF Cuba by the new new captain general.
The determination of brigandage was one Of the
main features OF his proclamation on his arrival
but instead OF reform new gangs Of bandits ha2
sprung up and the socallcd kin
of the Cuba forests, Manual Garci1
has not only defed the spanish txQon6a
been more active - m 1R6u
ever before, out r. r11 ~ (1
able money by @
tins. Other ban II 80 6ltG 01 t6o lDlIII<
are operating uAdcr the management Of Garcia.
The captain general, being unable to check
brigandage, has concluded TO offer reward pf
$4,000 for the head OF Manuel Garcia, but 80 far
without results. u
During the early part Of the week Garcia and
his band kidnapped a rich farmer named Perez
Nento, for whom q ransom OF 5000 was paid
Garcia. When the band left the house from
which they took Vento the spanish troops en-
eountercd them and several shots were en-
changed. No one was hit and no captures Wcfo
made.
Robberies and assassinafions are committed
daily in the city of Havana, and tho local police
are unable To check it. The only man who
seems to be in prosperous condition Is the exc.
cutioner, Valentine Brcause During the iNet
two months several executions have taken pleue.
The financial condition OF the island Il going
from bad to worse. Heavy governments faxos
and little confidence In business has brought
ruin to the people The captain general Il fol-
lowing the same government policy as the fQr-
mer ruler, and the people are In state OF fo-
mont
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22

|k there anything fresh in the
.,er today? Yes. Marriott's
sue-smoked Queen hams and
.ou are always fresh and delicious.
,nember when buying anything of
4, lind that the "Queen" brand
"a you more money than other
I'D but the difference in flavor
"a quality well repays you for your
|r,lay. Some dealers may say, awe
E.at sell the Queen meats; they are
q high, but We have some just as
|.ds Do not believe such state
|nsnts
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Dr.. ward Ellis. OF Chicago, Dead.

CHICAGO. Dee 2i--Dr J. Ward Ellis. the we'll
known dentist, died Inst evening al his resi-
denee in this city after a long illnss. DR.. Ellis
was "A thirty third degree Mason aud member
OF the Knights OF Pyfhias. In odd Fellowship
he had passed ali the chairs and his life was de-
voted 10 the best interests of that order. At the
time OF his death he Yves president of the Cali
ioraia Pioneers Association.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Fire in a Portland Boarding House.

PORTLAND, Dec. 21.- Especial. l-At an early
hour this morning fire was discovered in an
Italian boarding house on third street, near
Salmon, and Officers Smith and Morgan, who
helped TO extinguish the flames, say that it no
doubt was OF incendiary origin: They found
urated with coal oil. and il was only prompt
action that saved the house from destruction.
The landlady is OF the opinion that the lncendl-
arv if one of her boarders. she heard a man
walk down stairs on tip-toe, and then saw him
run up the street. An investigation Is being
made by the officers.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
A pay-rrain wrecked By Robbers.

wooDyiLLE, Miss, Dec. 21.-Roadm4tsr Bry-
ant, who was in the pay-train on the New or.
leans & Texas road, which was wrecked lass
night by Doc Bradford for the purpose OF rob
three others of the crew are seriously hurt snef-
in Lewis has placed an additional guard at the
Jail as rJimors are afoat that bradford VIII -
abc
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Union Pacific Train MaIiciously wrse ksA

LINCOLN, Neb., Dec 21.--A Union Pacific pss-
senger train was wrecked few miles from Be-
atrice this morning An obstruction, evidently
placed out of malice, caused the engine to jump
the track carrying with 1t the tender and mail
car Bridge inspector w. II. Mercer, who wps
riding on the engine, was fatally scalded, ana
tender were totally wrecked. The obstruction
was placed at a curve, where IL was impossfDie
to see it in time TO check the train.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22

TACOMA, Dec. 2l.-lspeciall christmas eve.
Mount Tacoma Lodge, No. 1872, Brotherhood OF
Locomotive Firemen. viii give grand ball at
Gerlnania hall The hall is being decorated by
the lady friends OF the fremen, and every ehoTt
will be made 10 oGtdo the ball OF lse9, when rali-
road lanterns, locomotive headlights ana hdgs
helped transfer the interior of the hall into the
appearance OF a mammoth car shop.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
CITIES.
Exchang' 5 Ines. Dee.
His Mife and enc His Throat.

CHICAGO, Dec. 2i.-Henry Christianson, 6l
years old residing at 4,I09 DreXcI avenue, last
night ehoked bis wife % death. and then cut his
throat He resided with his daughter and her
husband who were absent until late hour last
night This morning the discovery was made.
The old man was taken to q hospital twelve
miles distant with his throat cut from ear to
ear He cannot recover. Il is supposed that
the old man was jealous OF his wife on account
o,f Tho .reun-nsitH lf rrlaflIers Of Lis fnfnilN.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
AMERICAN REPUBLICS BUREAU.
Authentic Information to Be Furnished
Prom the Denartment of State

WASHINGTON CITY, Dec. 2l.-(Speeial lin
pursuance OF the recommendations of the inter
national American conference, bureau of the
American republics has been established in
Washington City. The object is the dissemina-
ton of authentic information concerning the
commercial relations and conditions of the sew
eral republics. Tor the benefit OF manufacturers
merchants and immigrants.
The bureau Will be located in the department
OF state, and an official announcement of its
opening win be made by Secretary Rlaine
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22

eighty or more Jewish houses. 80 in places with
less than eighty Jewish houses religious wor-
snip by Jews Is totally forbidden
These laws are enforced TO the very letter. ana
more IL Is an everyday occurrence for Jews
70 hc arrested. fined and imprisoned for praying
without iiceBse. II is now rumorcd that laws
more stringent still are io be promulgated and
the only question seems 81 bc how far il viii he
possible Tor unbridicd and brutal tyranny 10 CO.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Robbers Go Through an Illinois Train.

IYDrAxAFoLIs, Dec. 2i.-An Eyansvile specisi
10 the Sentinel says: While special tram on
the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville railway sloppsn
q. oInc1, IN TO-DAY for the locomotive to take
water Two masked men entered the capoose
and robbed Conductor Hampton ana the pIake-
man of their watches and considerapie monss;
covered them closely with their revolyers while
they effected their purpose
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Commltted suicIde IN Los Angeles Prison

Los ANGELES, Dee. 2l.-Fernando macon,
onc.leoged Mexican. committed suicide In tho
city prison this morning, cutting his throat
from ear to ear. seyering the jugular vein ana
diving in ten minutes chacon had been SIC. IS. icf
some time, and was brought 70 the stst9n ssL s
urday afternoon for medical frentmsns, ,s,sn,. I'm
nd -, s,,t bis throat in HIS bunk this morning
Just as the prisoners were awakened ior DfeaA'
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Gamblers Quarrel and Six Are Killed.

WHEELING, ". Va, Dec. 2i.-Word has just
been received Of terrible tragedy az Bramwell
last night. Several men were gambling and be-
came involved In a quarrel man named
Rurdick shot and fatally wounded five eompsn-
ions and was himself shot dead. mob took
BurGieks body. stood il up against tree and
riddied il with bullets.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
AN ESTATE OF EIGHTY MILLIONS.
John Jemison, Its Heir, Dies i'm san An
tonic without Money for Coffin.

SAN ANTONIO, Tex, Dec. @I.--[spccial IA ro-
mantle yet tragic event occurred In this city re-
Gently, the circumstances relating to il being
discovered yesterday. 4 pine coffin and an I'M
shronded corpse were all that was left to tell in
mute but emphatic revelation the story OF a
son. He lived what TO many would bc eonsid
cred an cyentful life the heir. without knowing
1t, to wealth greater than that attributed to the
tabled ''Montc Cristo," and died 50 poor in
ready cash as not To have enough to bury him
decently.
J. III. Summerlin. prominent lawyer of this
city, was delying in some old faded aud musty
letters. which had belonged to the deceased,
yesterday, when he discovered "A secret that
makes the heirs of Jcmson the owners of many
millions of dollars worth OF property. The let
tiers were written i'll lS-'6 by one OF the heroes of
the Texas struggle. He was a Captain Jcmison
IN the service OF the command OF General sam
Houston when Texas was republic.
In these epistlcs which were written to q rcla-
tive in Chicago, he professed that lac would not
be able to return TO his loved ones at his home,
but that he expected tn meet the very late that
did befall him. When sometime after he fell ON
the held, his heart was pierced by shot from
the foe. The man who died here recently was
his descendant in direct line. and OF his identity
there is not "a shadow OF doubt The soldier who
was his ancestor had property In three different
states. In three holdings 1t was OF compara-
tiycly trifling value. ana Captain Jemison, its
owner, was a comparatively poor man. When
he died some of this land was located in the
very heart of Chicago, and part of what now
comprises Hcnnepin park in that city.
Powers OF attorney have been received by the
lawyer who made the discovery, and he has filed
them with the clerk of the county court here as
preliminary step towards the recovery OF some
death of JcmisOn the property that was his has
enhanced several thousand. fold in value, and
today that portion of it located In Chicago alone
Is estimated at s40.000,000, while the balance is
equally as valuable
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Great fire in AthoI, Mass.

ATBoL, Mess, Dec. 2i.-The most disastrous
FIRE ever known in Athoi occurred today. The
Masonic and Central blocks were completely de
stroyed, i've merchants. the postofiee. Masonic
lodges. etc, being burned out. Five persons
were seriously injured The loss is siS5ycV0
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Illinois Central Railroad shops Burned.

CHICAGO, Dec. 2f,-The paint shop and repair
shop of the Illinois Central railroad was entirely
destroyed by fire tonight. In the tfst building
there were sixteen passenger coacnes, worm
&C. roo aniece and In the repair shop there were
four coaches nearly completed, also valued ~
500 apiece The fire stopped Just before
building containing over sI5O,ooo worm ot PAL.
terms was reached The total loss u estimhte"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
HalIer City News.

HALIER CITY, Dec. 21.-lSpeciall 1.-The river
is up several feet, and quite run OF logs nave
passed down stream.
Prospectors have discovered fine quality OF
anthracite coal at south Fork. and have left for
Seattle with their samples. This region Is
known 70 abound with rich resources or coal
and iron
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Murdered His Sweetheart.

NEW ORLEANS. Dee. 2i.--At New iberia, Ia,
last night Ephrain Mendaza shot and instantly
killed Nary f'rawson. his sweetheart, while she
was being accompanied TO place OF arnuse-
mcnt by another suIior.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Tofav,s Weather.

SAN Francisco. Dec. aI.-Foreeast till p. m
Monday, for Oregon and Washington. falr
weather EXCEPT rains nj Portland, Olympia
end Spokase Falls: cooler, except nearly sta
tionaxy temperature in Southeastern Oregon
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
Tn. waIra warIa sails.

SAN FRANCISCO, Dec 1.-THE steamer naa,s
walla of the Pacific Coast steamship .olnpa.,
80 tra,rht ard number of passengers for We
toria and other points on the sound
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
n1-- IIice In1eIIigence.

say FRANCISCO. Dec 2i.--Arrsed--snip pssn.
ing Wave. Tacoma; steamer Maggie hess' 80 80
bay. ssiled-stearner CITY. CITY owails victoria:
steamer Celia, Coos bay
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
MExIco GETS SOME MoRMoNs.
John w. Young Buys 5000, 900 Acres OF
Mexican Land and VIII Coionize 1t.

Mexican Land and VIII Coionize 1t.
PITTsBuRG, Dee. 2l.A special from Lima, o.,
says:
i. G. Faurol, a we'll known banker OF this city,
and who is president of the Columbus, Lima &
Northwestern railroad. aud largely interested in
railway enterprises in Mexico, returned home
from New York this afternoon aud announced
the consumr,ation of deal with John W.
Young, the eldest sor of the late brigham
Young, whereby the Mormons come into possess
sion OF ;s000,0O0 acres OF land which was granted
Faurol by the Mexican government three years
ago. Negotiations hayc been in progress some
time and finally were closed in New York ycster-
day. The land is located in the northern part of
Mexico.
About three years ago Fanrol obtained val
uablc grant from the Mexican government,
which included these lands, the stipulation be-
ing the construction of railway extending from
Deming, ~ NJ, to Cashilabompa, on the Pacific
coast The Mexican government, ia connection
with this grant offers 32hi 10 every family and
$50 to every man who locates permanently on
this land.
Young has 10000 people who will colonizc on
these lands 1t j. understood they are all Nor
mons who now reside in tab.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
r.oo,n. Football on Christmas.

TACOMA. Dec. aL-lspeciai. l--christmas Gay
the Tacoma association football club VIII play :
match with the Portland footpan tsam l..,a - =
game win be called at the oAii sio
ls.frt IN
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
On. Hundred lives Lost I'm Arsentins.

Bursos AYaEs, Dec 2i.-A disasisf occslsse slrs
=. csrsovs. rS where the canal burst its e1npenk.
ynents and destroyed hundreds OF houses. ons
hundred lives are reported ipss.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
stranger Eyrard Appsa's h,.

ee,,rt .'s,s, sgatnst the sentence Of death pr2
upon him yesterday.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-22
CLEARINGHOUSE STATEMENT.

The Boom still at tGalyeston-PortIand
Shows a Decrease.
Boston, Dec 21.--Foilowing is u summary OF
the clearing house returns for the week ending
December ~
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-03-21
EIcCnlIn E1nInInn.

NEW YORK, March coin the
McCalla inquiry to-day the COM
mander told Of his charges against
Ensign Kline. He said the Enter
prise was anchored few miles be-
low Antwerp. He was awakened
between midnight and = am. and,
remembering that the sheet chains
were not fast, called his orderly, but
received no response. Then he got
up and dressed. Not finding anyone
on the spar deck, he went TO the
pilot house and there found Kline
asleep in a chair. The quartermas-
ter was also absent from the quarter
deck and the orderly from the cabin
door. The commander called the
executive officer and ordered the
men confined and the ensign under
arrest for being asleep on his post
and denying it.
Kline was then called and said
that after going on watch he went
aft TO lock at steam cutter which
was towing astern. Then he took
several turns on the bridge and
"thb AhtO lAi1 lfliol hOHcC- DGAN NCLt
one and two bells the sentry re-
ported all right. Later the quarter
master asked leave TO go TO the
head, which was granted. Soon
after McCalla came hurriedly in and
charged him with being asleep and
ordered him, the quartermaster, anu
orderly under arrest. Witness stood
watch on the bridge, instead Of the
quarter deck, because of heavy
squalls. He said McCalla was much
excited and would receive no expla-
nations. Quartermaster Graham and
Orderly Flynn corrobOrated this
testimony.
IL was brought out that Flynn
stood watch for the quartermaster
while the latter went to the head.
He admitted that II the captain
called him during the quartermas-
ter's absence there would have been
no lookout. -
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-03-21
A "wHIsKY WAR;
Between the ProhibitionIsts and
AUTHORIZATIONS OF Denver.

AUTHORIZATIONS OF Beaver.
DENVER, March GA Colorado
City special says: For over a year
there has been n bitter war between
the prohibition and anti-prohioitiOn
element Of this city. The feeling
was so bitter that two months age
the residence Of Mayor StIckbridge.
prOhibitionist, was burned TO the
ground, the loss being Sll, 200, and
il was rumOred that his political
enemies had a hand in the matter.
At a meeting Of the republican and
liberal party last night StOckbridge
was renOminated for mayor. and this
morning at O'Clock his new resi-
dence was fired and burned TO the
ground; loss 5000. The American
Hotel, adjoining, was damaged So
900. No clue.
At midnight there are no appar-
ent signs Of quieting the excite
ment. Everybody is on the streets,
most Of them heavily armed, some
carrying shotguns, revolvers, in fact
anything they can secure. The fire
department OF Colorado Springs has
been brought here and will remain
the rest Of the night. The whisky
men say they intend burning at
least dozen more houses owned by
prohibitionists before morning, hut
everybody is ON the alert and will
defend their property, even II it re-
quires the aid Of shOtguns. The po-
lice have only made two arrests so
far tonight. The mayor will prob
ably ask the governor tomorrow to
call out the State militia, unless the
rough element can be subdued in tile
The better class Of citi-
zens are very indignant, and will
string up TO telegraph pole the first
man caught setting fire to another
house.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-03-21

LONDON, March GA confer
ence OF the Conservative members
ofParliament was held at the Carlton
Club today. Lord Salisbury adj
dressed the meeting, urging the
members to pay close attention to
their parliamentary duty, regard
less OF personal inconvenience, to
thwart obstructive operations. He
spoke Of the measures which the
government particularly wanted to
push through, among them the land
purchase bill, and ridiculed the re-
port that Parliament would soon lie
dissolved. He declared the new
Irish bill would secure possession OF
the landlords TO their property, and
denied that the government had ans
intention whatever Of handing
Switzerland over to the Beers. He
expressed a hope that the difficulty
with the United States over the
Behring Sea question would be
settled soon, ''but," he said, "with
such n susceptible nation as Ameri.
ca, Great Britain cannot negotiate
at the top Of her voice."
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-03-21
1h. 900 rrn.,n ane.tInn.

TORONTO, March 20.-The GLOBE
iLiberaD, commenting on the pro-
posed changes in the American
tariff, slys: 1.-The effect Of imposing
these taxes will either be TO wipe
out Canada's whole export trade TO
the States or to force our farmers TO
accept prices from Is to 20 per cent
less than they now obtain for some
twenty million dollars worth OF
wheat they have TO sell. Not only
so, but the surplus which we now
sell TO the States viii, il thrown on
the home market, reduce the prices
Of all the products that the farmers
sell for Canadian consumption.
Their annual loss will thus amount
up TO many millions, and the value
OF their lands and plants will be
enormously diminished. Every
merchant, every bank, every loan
company, every holder Of mortgages,
every mechanic, must suffer with
the farmers. All alike should Join
in an agitation to avoid this disaster
by forcing the Government to seek
continental free trade. -
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-03-21
House.

wAsHINGToN, March 20.-Hen,
derson (La.) presented resolution
of the General Assembly Of Iowa,
urging legislation against the adul-
teration OF lard. Referred.
The House then resumed consid'
Grafton of the Compton contested
election case and was addressed
10y Compton, the sitting member. Al
the close Of the debate Moore Tex.
on behalf Of the minority cr the
committee, offered n reso.ujyu de.
clariDg Compton entitled TO his seat.
Defeated, yeas li5, nays lS5. The
majority resolution, declaring Mudd
entitled to the scat, was adopted,
yeas l59, nays l55.
Mudd appeared and took the oath
Of office and Morrow (Cal. moved
that the House go into committee of
the whole for the further considera-
ton Of the pension appropriation
bill, pending which Hooker Miss.
moved an adjournment, which was
lost.
Morrow's motion was then agreed
10.
The committee Immediately rose
and the House adjourned.