davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
A TERRIBLE DEATH |!
Hurled Into Eternity thout a
Moments Warning.
THE VICTIMS BODY
Literally Cnrvcd-liis Career OF Crime
a Prominent business House Con.
ncctcd With the Dccd--scnsa.
Y tionai Devclopn,c nts Expected

Comparatively speaking, no city in the
record tiian Wheeling, but tho atrocious
and brutal details Of the tragedy enacted
on Market street last night far outstrips
any recorded in the criminal calendars
OF any other city, and is only equalled
In shocking and inhuman butchery by
the White Chapel murders. Tho place
selected by tho murderous aends for
their terrible crime was the lot adjoining
the Wheeling 1nstalment Company'snew
stores on Market street, and back OF the
building now In the course Of construc.
ton there. From what can be learned
at present, tho murder must have been
committed before II o'clock. Some say
It was done before the Wheeling Install.
mcnt Company had closed its doors for
the night. Upon inquiries at their stores
We were informed that tue firm did not
close till 1880 on Saturdays. How q
murder could be committed on such
prominentth oroughfare while the streets
were alive with people without attract.
ing public attention Is indeed Il mystery.
From the terrible mutilated appearance
OF the murdered mans head, 1t Is sup.
posed he was sand-hagged and his body
literally carved. The body lay parallel
with the Wheeling 1nstalment Com
pany's store and q little east OF 1t, The
victim, apparently very respectable
man, was dressed rather stylish and
wore silk hat with the initials II. r."
worked Id the lining, F4t3E
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
a Young Indy Seriously Injurcl,

Miss Bessie List, young daughter OF
Mrs. Harry W. List, met with an acct
dent few days since, the injury and
shock OF which it was feared, for a time,
would cause her death. The accident
occurred while the ground was covered
by the light fall Of snow had last week.
Miss List was coming out Of Miss Par
rams private school on the Twelfth
street hill, where she is pupil, and had
just reached the pavement whene he was
strnck and knocked down by one OF the
sleds on which. a crowd OF bows were
coasting. She was knocked senseless
and her condition has been a critical
one ever since. Last night she was re-.
ported to be resting easier than at
any time since she was hurt.
= The pavement on the south side of
Twelfth street from Jacob to Chapline
streets is always used by the boys as a
coasting track whenever there is a fall
Of snow, and is soon made as smooth as
glass. Owing to the difficult crossings
and the several trees and posts, the sport
is made dangerous both to pedestrians
and those engaged in coasting. 1t should
not be allowed in the future. Miss
Lists accident is not the first that has
happened on this track. ii,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28

G. Fl. Dankwerth is again at his desk
at the 9. & P. Office. r
The Andes discharged a big lot OF
salt here yesterday.
Presiding Elder ]. r. Mills passed
through this city yesterday. .1gl
Conductor G. J. Mckee is on the sick
list with slight attack OF grippe.
The funeral Of Mrs. James Tallman
will take place from her late home this
morning. The interment will DO at
Burrs' Mills. -.'s
Word has been received here from
friends living in Nebraska saying the
thermometer was below zero and had
been that way several weeks.
a big lot of new locks were found
along the railroad track in the Fourth
ward yesterday. The presumption is
that they were stolen from some railroad
car.
Several big washes have occurred
along the line OF the Ohio Valley rail-
road tracks in lower town caused by the
recent nigh water. Stone, Stag and all
kinds Of debris is being put in to stop
the undermining. .aS
The last lecture by L.J. Beauchamp at
the Elysian last night was well attended.
1t was thought by many to be the best
one Of the series Of three weeks. "AIis.
taxes Was the subject and all who
heard him were highly pleased. To-day
Mr.. Deauchanp goes to Bridgeport.
After q short course there he and his
family will sail ior tour OF Scotland.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
Yesterdays Police Court

In Police Court yesterday morning
Mrs. Flora Henderson and Mrs. Jennie
Wren, two Sixth ward danes who we're
pulled in Saturday morning by Officers
Wilkie and Cruce for having imbibed
too much booze, were each fined 81 aud
costs, which they paid. John Yhomp-
son, who got drunk on Sunday, handed
over S. and costs for his fun. An Ital-
ian named Bechelli was fined 81 and costs
for having, called Officer Moran liar.
An individual named Murphy, who was
arrested for peddling snide jewelry
without a license, was sent to the work.
house for thirty days in default OF the
payment of fine. The case Of the Young
man arrested by Officer Donnelly on tie
charge Of interference, was dismissed,
there being no evidence to show that the
young man had infringed on any ordi-
nance OF tue city. William Golluer paid
over 81 and costs Tor having been on a
small-sizeQ drunk, - ,,,.I :"
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
Teas, Coffoes, Splcos, Etc.
TE.E
A!.tlaIl.n]tic T'eaC0.

Having completed invoicing In their
several stores, find the year Just closed
memorable one--prosperous beyond our
most aanguine expectations, business in
creasing in all our branch stores, Ms well
as in our Wheeling stores. We propose
to still further increase our already
enormous business by making a whole.
sale reduction in former prices, and from
time to time, In tho daily papers, givca
list OF prices that will induce our thou.
sands OF patrons everywhere, and tho
thousands OF Others that are paying OK.
horbisant prices for the necessaries Of
life, to send in their orders tons.
All orders by mail amounting to $lO0 90
We will pay the freight to any railway
station 100 miles from any OF our stores.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
=. d STEAMERS IN DISTRESS. -: s::. :.
Many Arrive In Port Disabled, nnd others
Lose Fart of their Crew.

c 'N'ffT In., i,,rt ,ru,.,, c,.,,, =, = 49,
~. =, M, o W, "a
Aosnos, jan -'.-ihe Dtilsh sup
Loeb Moidart, Captain Andrew, from
pisagun, November 9, for Hamburg, is
ashore At Ca,lantsoog Holland Th,rtv
IT, 49,. 80. ...sss n :, l, ~,
" het c'e" were Wasaeo oVe!poafa aiter
she struck, and all persisted.
Heavy sens are breakinv oyer Tho Loeb
Nro;dort aud aha 10 ron,al, ,o;r, n
.,,oas' ~. :, "' ss "
p'eees' Two " her crow VINO were
swept overheard, succeeded Ia swimming
to the shore after a desperate struggle
with tho wayes EIt551l7, ~ 4
M, n,,. 49, "
luz pfis'sh sh'p Janet Oowan, Capl.
Livingston, before reported having 70.
turned to Plymouth IN distress. lost n
number az sails wb.n oW ,hn 1slo n
WRIGHT Inst Thnrsdov F,vn n NJ bor
crow wars drownad li,hnnnh ~, sh IT.,
was nlmost Iismontiod ,hn ramo;njer ~
tia crew sncreedaI IN rnv;nat;Mn hor -
pivmonth - t'"''s"''"s NV "
The Il. 4 stenmer r,tor,r;so bav;,,
nm hoard Ina remn;rs - Gnpnr .se'1 IT To" pnnsS
dleton iatn r. 8 Min;s,s "IU'f Sorrnan y"
sailed from DartmnntS S''t - ~ Nan Wnst,
YESTERDAY Int wss comnoiio1 w. W rot nvN
owing to stress NJ w opr'''o ~ 'e'''A'
The channel steamar par;o n,,;,, bo.
twoan Nav Iiavan nnI h;an s, p'. nn W.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28

After long and vexatious DELAY the
circular iron staircase that is to 70 in
the bay or "war" that forms the .addi.
ton" recently built to the Custom House
and Postoilice in this city, has arrived
from Pittsburgh and yesterday work
men commenced fitting it in place. The
first staircase sent on for this purpose
was found to be made from wrong
measurements, or there was some
other defect about it, as there was
about nearly everything in con-
nection with the addition" and
u new one had TO be ordered. AS soon
as this new staircase is in position the
bay will be finished of so rs to conform
with the finished portions OF the interior
which now present a very neat and
pretty appearance. Custodian Bickerton
will soon have all the furniture cleaned
and the carpets down. When NIL this
has been done the building will be in n
more complete and comfortable con.
dition than at any time since it was
Uult[. lH- -.'s... 81 49, .s-r... .-.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
WILL 0UT-EIFFEL EIFPEL.
London To Build Higher Tower than TINT
-'- Which Stnnils In pnria q =

London To Build n Higher Tower than TINT
Which Stands In Paris. Z.
CHICAGO, January 27.-London is to
have an Eilel tower that will out. Eiffel
Eitfel. 1t is to be l 200 feet high, over
topping the wonder 81 Paris by 200 feet.
The company has formed, the stock sub
scribed and the contracts are being let.
Chicago will have an interest, as she
did in the Eitiel tower, for the same ele.
vator company is to build the elevators
fol the new tower at London. Estimates
are now being prepared for that purpose.
The enormous profits from the Eit1el
tower are matter OF notoriety. English
capital, which is seeking investment
throughout the world at present, was at
tracted by the golden opportunity OF do
ing Ms well, if not better. London, with
her own millions, and with her hundreds
OF thousands OF visitors could support a
tower as well as Paris. "A al
Thepresident Of the elevator company
says: THE tower in London will un.
doubleday be built. We are now prepar.
ing estimates for the elevators. The
tower will be 1900 feet high and will
cost more, probably, than the Eihel
tower" .el3 .fi !. : :
GLOW much will the elevators ior the
London tower COST" nj
1.-THE two we put in the EiAel tower
cost about 100000 each. More than that
am unable to say" n ,.lss1
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
MARTINS FERRY MATTERS.
~ plcasnnt Surprise Party Last NIght-Gel

APlcasnnt Surprise Party Last NIght-Gen.
eral Scws Condensed.
Mr.. Ross Mitchell is laid up with a
sprained ankle. 81
Mr.. Joseph Medill celebrated his
tiitleth birthday yesterday.
W.T.. Duncan, the plumber, who has
been very sick, is able to be out again.
Services wifi be held in the U. P.
church tomorrow evening preparatory
to communion next Sunday.
1t was the old soldiers and not Tho
burn Post who passed the resolution
regarding the Postmastership.
Mr.. Ross McKim, OF Pittsburgh, is
here, summoned by the dangerous i'll
ness OF his sister, Miss May McKim.
Dr.. W. W. Medill, OF Chicago, visited
his uncle, Joseph Medill, Esq, over
Sunday, on his way to New Orleans.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lucien B. Martin, OF
Fostoria, formerly Of Martins Ferry,
have been visiting friends and relatives
here. sfr,
The Sherman House is being taxed to
its utmost nowadays in taking care OF
the men who are engaged in putting up
the snperstructure Of the big Union
bridge. tE.s- 5s
Mrs. Hiram Frazier, who slipped and
fell on the pavement recently, Is worse
hurt than was n first supposed. Yester-
day it was discovered the fall had caused
an intercapular fracture OF the right
thigh.
Last evening Mr.. and Mrs. James
Thnnehill were very agreeably surprised
by number OF their friends at their
pleasant home in Woods addition. The
affair was gotten up in honor OF Mrs.
Tannehill, whose birthday occurred
yesterday. The friends took with them
the material for very tempting oyster
supper,which was discussed with zest.
The names OF those who called are: Mr..
aud Mrs. Samuel Westwood, Mr.. and
Mrs. Eugene Blanchard, Mr.. and Mrs.
Wm. Wetherald, Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. Bar
tholomew, Mr.. and Mrs. G. NJ. Timber
lake, Mr.. and Mrs. Z. 0. Padeliord, Mr..
and Mrs. NJ. I. Pugh, Mr.. and Mrs. Vim.
Pugh, Mr.. and Mrs. Ed. Mansbarger,
aud Mrs. AIMS Robertshaw. ~
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
An AWFUL EXPERIENCE.
The Narrow Escape from Death
I. Rodehayer Had at the
STANDARD MILL YESTERDAY.
His Clothes Caught In II Revolving
Pulley and hc wns ,vhlrled
Around ut u Lively Rate.
Marvellous Escape, etc.

&. At m early hour yesterday morning,
about 9 o'clock, L. Rodehavcr employed
as m assistant millwright at the Stand.
ard Iron Works, had very thrilling ex.
perience which nearly cost him his lie.
He had started one OF the smaller en-.
glnes, md after, doing that Ind climbed
up to m overhead shafting, elevated
about twenty feet from tho flooring, and
was engaged in oiling bearing,
when bolt on large pulley
caught In loose portion OF: his
jacket. In m instant he was jerked
from tho narrow footing on which he
stood and was being whirled around
with tho pulley at about tue rate OF for.
" revolutions per minute. His clothing
became tightly wound about tho bolt
and every second his head was being
Drawn closer end closer 10 e heapy bels
and pulley. The mans cries Of terror
brought men running from other
parts OF tho : works, but
'ha'shE. HH tuSui tHeIc ~. WeTe up
parently none who knew how to stop
the engine TINT was driving the man to
II horrible death, or if there were any
such the sight OF the horrible spectacle
presented ns the man went whirliny
round and round must have caused
them to lose their senses. Eg.
!, Rodehaoer mn1e frantic efforts TO TO-
lease himself, and finally managed to
throw his arms around a large post, to
which he clung with the grim determi-
nation Of death itself. Then there was
q, ripping, tearing sound, aud he was
almost stripped OF clothing. Rode
liaoer was then speedily taken
down from the place to which
he was clinring. He appeared to
be In ar. almost liieless condition aud u
carriage was called to take him to his
home in Martins Ferry. By the time
he reached there lie had revived consid-
erably and careful medical examination
showed that beyond a very severe Bhak-
ing up and the sustaining Of number OF
painful bruises, the man had escaped
injury. 5's
His escape from instant death is al
most miraculous; the variation OF
couple OF inches from the line in which
his head travelled while was whirling
around the shaiting would have resulted
IN his brains being dashed out against
large heavy wheel. 5iS
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
BORING for Gus aud Struck Oil.

GLovERsylLLE, N. Y, January ~
Petroleum was struck, Saturday, near
Johnstown. The well was being sunk
to discover natural gas: Three distinct
veins Of gas had been passed and the in
dications promised liberal supply.
The well had reached a depth Of 900
feet. The oil was only tapped, but it
rises to a height OF GOO feet through.a
seven inch casing. Intense excitement
prevails and thousands are visiting the
we'll 1i}1r 1880. ,s'.g s7l - =. = M
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
EXTREMES OF WEATHER
III fowa-Goserhthant Boom Destroyed
Fruit Crop Probably n Failure.

III fowa-Goserhthdnt Boom Destroyed
Fruit Crop Probably n Failarc.
kEoKuK, Iowa, January 27.-The
warm weather following the cold snap
has caused the ice to start in the river
here, and in its grinding movement ii
has wrecked the new government boom,
500 feet long, extending from the lower
lock Of the Des Moines Rapids Canal 10
the draw OF the bridge. a part OF the
boom, which may possibly be saved from
destruction, was carried considerable
distance below the bridge. aa e5
Much alarm is felt by fruit growers in
Lee County and in fact all over this sec.
ton Of the country for the safety OF the
fruit crop. The remarkably mild wealth
er,of the fore part OF the season has de.
veloped fruit buds to n dangerous degree
and the decided change oftbe last week
has doubtless wrought vast damage.
There is absolutely no hope for the
peach crop, and the April crops are pos.
sibly destroyed. fs =
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
4 Suit Over tho linn block.

The attention OF Judge PAUL, presid.
ing over Part l OF the Circuit Court. was
yesterday largely given to hearing mat.
tiers in the case Of f. w. Wells, the we'll
known architect Of this city, against
William Fl. linn, OF Boston, Il son OF the
late Peter Zinn, OF this city, on an ap.
peal from Justice Ankles court, Mr..
Wells made plans for Mr.. linn for the
row ofstore rooms and flats recently built
at the city end ofthe suspension bridge,
which Mr.. Zinn refused to accept claim.
ing that they did not meet the require.
ments he had stipulated; he then hired
ARCHITECT Geisey. Mr. Wells sued be-
lore ArkletJ. 7. ,lor S75, his commission,
ana obtained Judgment. Hon. Ali.
Caldwell appears ior the plaintiff and
Mr.. FL. NJ. Russell for Mr.. Wells, NJ
Finn was on the stand good part Of
the afternoon. s.-5f ''st - -
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
TIE VICTIMS CAREER.

The face, from the dreadful mutila-
tons, could not be recognized, but is be-
lieved by the majority Of people who
saw the body, to have been a resident OF
the city for many years and moved
among the best society. His presence
iii every household was quickly acquiesc-
ed in, though it was well known by
these people that he was a fugitive from
justice. he took part in eli social affairs
Of note and was greatly admired by the
fair Sex. His company was courted by
we'll known professional gentlemen.
Merchants, and even clergy, were known
to be his boon companions. That he
has made many victims among these PEG.
Pile goes without saying. That he has
actually robbed many OF them they now
realize and they all unanimously pro-
nounce him q scoundrel OF the lowest
type. In order to escape dreadful ex.
pose which prominent firm threatened
to make, the victim left the city last
September and returned yesterday, pre-
Stunning everything had blown nypr
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
Nlcrino Sheep Drpcdcr,' Meeting.

The United States Merine Sheep
Breedera' and Registry Association
which met in annual session at Steu.
5enpi|e last week, elected Tho following
officers: President, William D. Archer,
Bureettstown, Pa. First Vice President,
G: II. Beall, Independence, Pa; Second
Vice President, G. Bowman, Elkton, O.;
Secretary, A. L. Sprague, Brlce, Ohio;
Treasurer, Samuel Gorsuch, Service,
Pa. A committee was appointed ID draw
up resolutions to tho elect that since
Congress maintains the policy Of protec.
lection, duties on wool and woolens
should be 30 adjusted MS to insure the
American market for their products.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
HAT 7 TERRIBLE "GRIppE."
What It Renily 10 Explained by One
OF the Bost Informed Mon In

America.
The president OF one OF the leading New YORK
Medical colleges, In conversation WIN Inc wflIeF
the other evening, Ald:
"sIA (itippe," the Russian Influenza, that has
callsci 80 much talk, IL more severe ailllctisn
than people usually think. u arises myNfefi
Ously aud nppcats 10 have It's Origin In inc ~
moSphere. The last time II visited America whb
IN ikea, and II came then, as now. from Asia
The namc. Influenza, comes from the tmg
ges,Ion that tho mhiady was due to tho 'iniiu'
enceT OF the heavenly bodies but more noaern
science has discovered that y IN due 70 the
changes In tho electrical conditions Whatever
may be the cause, II IL n strong congestion oil
tho blood VESSELS and MUCOUS membrane, piiit'
CIpally IN the head and throat, and nothing but
sioDg stItnulnnts will cheek III Is congestion ma
keen tho blood actively circulating. FOR ms
purpose | know Of nothing better man pufc
whIskcy, and believe Duiiy's Pure Mali to 20
tho boat and purcd whtsscy Known 20 'he
world.
epidemic 0i The plague and the person who was
about 10 TO taken With the latter, had asa pre-
ltminaty, y 1T OF knccxing. Now II precedcs .
worse epidemic than tho plague, namely, The
terrible nneumonIa IT'S beginning IL slight but
ia emitting II often terrible. Palms In the limbs
back, chest aud head; n sore throat and lack Of
nppetite; cOplOuS discharge ut tho nose; tnest
arc some Of The symptoms Of this dread disease
upnn the slightest approach Of any u lhesl
symptoms, nervous feeling, or iassttudG tcsof
should be had IN a pure whiskey, whichb N!
only certain means OIL breaking up thls cpl
fcnitG before Il secures hold npon The system
or check II when 1t has become started: Car
should TO taken however TO secure only thlf
which Is pnrc, RS the article above named Cct
ttttftv H. ~ ... WI -..... tn
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
THAT TERRIBLE COUGH

In the morning, hurried or difficult
breathing, raising phlcgm, tightness in
the chest, quickened pulse, chilliness in
the evening or sweats at night, all or
any Of these things are the first stages
Of consumption. DR.. Acker's English
Cough Remedy wiu cure these fearful
symptoms, and is sold under a positive
guarantee by Logan Drug Co., ]. r. G ood-
win 4 Coz @. r. Goethe, AT. Young,
John Coleman, G. Menkemeller p4w.5
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28

Manager Ross, the Ohio Valley road,
the line projected down the other side OF
the river from Bellairc to Marietta, and
which'is at present under course OF con-
struction, was in this city yesterday on
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
IScIvn Knows Them.

MILWAUKEE, Wis, Jan. 27.-Thc Sen.
tinel to-day publishes an interview with
Belva Lockwood, the celebrated wo-
mans rights advocate, in which she
frankly denounces the course that has
been pursued by Victoria Woodhulla and
Tennie Clallin in England, and rebukes
them for immortality. x =,
She states that Mrs. Woodruff once
admitted to her that she lived with Col.
Blood for eight years when her own
husband was living. Mrs. Lockwood is
Of opinion that these two women are
too well known to conceal their true
character from the English people.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28

IL yon cannot sec and heed spectaclcs
you Should call on us ami have your Eyes
tested without Charge. We hare the
finest Instruments and more experience
than any other Optivian III the State,
and guarantee satisfaction or money re-
landed. JACOB ". GKUBB,
JeMclcr aud Opticlan,
Cor. Twelfth and Market Streets.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
bargains witt, n Mig Il.

We must be doing business or We are
not happy. In order TO make things
move in dull season, will for ten days
g 50 Ladies' Cincinnati Shoes at 81 97.
:, 81 90 Ladies Dongola Heel or Spring
s. 50 Boys School Shoes, tie best made,
ut 81 II. w ~ 5s .Sf$ TN
:r75e Child's Dongola Heel or Spring
Heel at 47c. e, K * III = .
These arc not odds and ends but clean
fresh goods. See them in cur window
ALEXANDER & Co.,
Y; l049 Main street.
Look out for sensation in few DAYS.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28
Elixir of Dates

EDw. L. Rose & Co.,
I IS Twelfth street.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1890-01-28

The body found hall buried in tho
sand on the shore Of tho Third Sister
Island, few miles up the river, by :
man named Dennis, has been identified
as that Of John X. Mcdonald, aged So
years, who was drowned near the month
Of Yellow Creek, December 50. The de-
ceased was a relative Of Hon. John 4 ?
Campbell, who recently advertised a re-.
ward Of 500 for the recovery Of tho
body. Judge Campbell was absent from
the city yesterday attending to The
proper disposition Of the remains, and IN
consequence there was no business
transacted in Part II Of tho Circuit
Court. 9 n - :. (! -, ~ ~ ~