New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-12-02

for carving the mails from Sydney and Auckland
70 San Francisco The contract under when
this payment has been made is now about to
expire and those colonies have refused 10 renew
the contracts unless the United States Shall pay
a more equitable proportion OF the Whoc sum
NECESSARY 10 maintain the service
o., od,.ised ny the Postmaster-General that
.ho United States receives for carrying the
Australian mails brought to san Francisco III
these steamers by rail to Vancouver, an estimated
.rppal income of S75, 900, while, as have stated
wa are having out for the support OF tie steam
chin line that brings this mail to us only S4o'ooo'
1.orirc an annual surplus resulting from TINS
s.rvice Of 500. 900. The trade of the Onl'ed
C.o.os with Australia which is in considerable
n.rt carried by these steamers, and the VINO" Oh
which is practically dependent upon the mali
communication which they MAINTAIN. is laigcN
in our favor Our total exports or meIch"hulSe
70 Australasian ports during the isch year eH'lH5
June 80. 1890, were 81 ,266.4s4, Wnie the 'o'''i
;,,no-ts Of merchandise from these ports were
only Ch2T7 .616. If we are not Willie =" ''0
.bts ,,~.ortant steamship line withdrawn, or con
tnued with Vancouver substituted lor "a" '"'
DISCO &C the American terminal, Congress shouid
mn, il in the power Of the PostmaStcr-''ehe''
- make a liberal increase in the amount now
maid
The south Atlantic and Gulf ports occupy
,..-r favored position toward the new and I'M
nortapt commerce which the reciprocity clause Oh
the tariff act and the postal Shipping o'i "'
assigned 10 promote steamship lines from th'se
800 20 soroe northern port of South America
will almost certainly effect connection oe'"'e"
.,e railroad ssstcms of the continents lohS oclole
,, continuous line of railroads can he put INTO
oneration The very large appropriation hdue
a. ,be last session for the harhor OF galveston
ros iretided as il seemed to me. by these con-
sidera+ions The great Northwest VIII feel 'he
advantage of trunk lines TO the >ou'h "S WEI.
&c 10 the East. and of the new markers oPcn'u
for their surplus food products, ana lor many u
their manufactured products
had occasion in May last 10 transmit 10 Ooh-
rress report adopted by the international A'"oi-
ican Conference upon the subject oil me l'coIPo
ration of an international American oank' WIN "
view 10 facilitating money exchanges between '"c
States represented in that conference. S'ch d"
institution would greatly promote the u"oe We
are seeking to develop. l renew the recommends"
.ion that n careful and ellguarded chaf'er pe
Granted. do not think the powers er''"e" s"ou"
includc those ordinarily exercised by trust guar
aptee. and safc-deposit companies or tN"' Ni''V
branches in the United States should ne au'hol'"o"
than are strictly necessary TO accomplish 'Ie W.
iect primarily in view. namely convenient IoI'l-
exchanges II is quite important 'h'' prompt
action should be taken in this matter III o'"'I
that any appropriations for better COMMUNICATIVE"
with these countries and any agreements 'h"' may
he made for reciprocal trade, may not ne ill"'I'"
Inv the inconvenience of making EXCHANGES Io"-i
European money centres, or burdened oy 'he 'iiD-
NJ. which is an incident of that method Of buSl-
ness.
tn. hill for the relief of the Supreme Court has
after many wears of discussion, reached position
where final action is easily attainabe, ana II Is
boned that any differences of opinion may De ~
barmonized as 10 save the essential features OF
this Very important measure. In THIS con ec'-o"
I easnestly renew my recommendation That the
sl-ios Of tho indres Of the United States district
conrts be so readjusted that none OF Uhem sA'"4-
receive less than $1,000 per annum.
Tho subiect of the unadJusted Spanish and Mex
ran land grants and the urgent necessity for pro
vidinc some commission or tribunal for the 'Tlal
of ouestions Of title growing out of them, We're
twice brought by me to the attention OF congress
at the last session. Bills have been reported from
the proper committees IN both houses upon the
subject. and | earnestly hope that this congress
will put an end TO the delay when mas "V'rH"o"
the settlement of the disputes as 10 tltle oet"ce"
the settlers and the claimants under these grants
These disputes retard the prosperity and dls'HO
the peace Of large and important communities.
The Governor of New Mexico, in his last report 10
the Secretary Of the Interior suggests some modl-
6catiops of the provisions Of the pending bills re-
lsting to the small holdings Of farm lands /
commend 70 your attention the suggestions OF the
SECRETARY Of the Interior upon this subject.
Tho enactment Of a national bankrupt law
,+1 regard as very desirable The Constitution hav-
inc given 10 Congress jurisdiction Of this subject
=. sbould he exercised, and uniform rules provided
for the administration of the affairs of insolvent
debtors The Inconvenience resulting from the
occasional and temporary exercise OF TINS power
bv Congress. and from the conflicting State codes
of insolvency which come into force lntermedi-
stelv should be removed by the enactment Of a
simnIe inexpensive and permanent national bank
Upt law
also renew my recommendation In favor OF
legislation atfording just copyright protection 10
foreign authors, on footing OF reciprocal adVau
tage for our authors abroad.
II NAV still be possible for this Congress 10
inaupurate. bv suitable legislation, movement
looking 10 uniformity and increased safety in the
use Of coupcrs and brakes upon freight trains en-
oaqed in interstate commerce. The chef difficulty
i'm the way is to secure agreement as 10 the best
appliances simplicity, effectiveness and cost being
considered This difficulty Will only yield to lcgis
lation. which should he based upon full inquiry
and impartial tests The purpose should be 70 Sc
cure the cooperation of all weldisposed managers
and OVERS but the fearful fact that every years
delay involves the sacrifice OF two thousand lives
and the manning Of twenty thousand young men
should plead both with Congress and the managers
against any needless delay.
rpD1GATIOS ARID LANDS,
The subject Of the conservation and equal dis
tributjon of the water supply Of the arid regions
has had much attention from Congress, but has not
as yet been put upon permanent and satisfactory
basis. Tie urgency of the subject does not grow
out Of any large present demand for the use Of
these lands for agriculture, bat out OF the danger
that the water supply and the sites for the necco