davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24
English Farming.

The statistics of agriculture in Great
Britain give some idea of the immense
industrial change that has taken place
in the last two decades, which has been
followed by social changes of almost
equal magnitude. In 1869 the total
area under cultivation (omitting figures
below 100000 was 30,300,000 acres,
showing an increase during the period
of 100000 acres. From this bare
statement it would seem thai the
farming interest in Great Britain had
increased rather than diminished in
the twenty years. But when it is said
that between 1860 and 1889 there has
been an increase of 100000 acres
where the crops are rotation grasses
and clovers, and an increase of 3,100,-
900 acres in the land used for perma-
nent pasture, it becomes evident that
the enlarged area of what is termed
cultivated land by no means implies an
increase in farming products. In 1869
$4,000 acres of land in Great Britain
were used for the cultivation of wheat;
in the year 1889 only 100000 acres
were sown for barley; in 1889 the area
was 100000 acres. The acreage of
oats has increased, but this seems to
be the only grain crop which has held
its own against American competition.
On the basis of percentage, it is found
that in 1879, in the United Kingdom,
ST per cent of the land under cultiva-
ton was employed for the growing of
wheat, "a for the growing of barley,
SO for the growing of oats. That is,
26.3 per cent of the cultivated acres
was used for corn crop, while 49.5 per
cent was employed as permanent pas
ture. In 1889 the percentage of wheat
acreage had shrunk to So per cent, and
all corn crops to POI per cent. But
this diminution in area is not the only
loss. Not only is there less grown, but
that which is produced by the farmer
sells at very much lower price. Wheat
sold at Mark Lane in 1879 at IN average
price of about sos. Cd. per quarter. In
1889 it was only 29s. Oh, and with but
little chance of an advance. These
facts present tolerably clear reason
for the great decline that has taken
place in the rents and the values of
farming properties in England.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24
Condition OF Agriculture.

The real condition of agriculture can
be understood only by comparison.
That it is a fact that agriculture is
somewhat depressed can not be denied.
We come to this conclusion by COM
pairing farming with other productive
industries as source of prosperity
And when the farmer looks about him
and sees those connected with other
kinds of labor in the enjoyment of
seeming prosperity, while he himself is
fairly struggling to secure a comfortable
subsistence, he is inclined to feel that
agriculture, as n source of supply of
luXuries, ease and comfort, is declining,
in which view he is more than half
right, for although the soil may be as
productive and the crops as large, he
fails TO realize enough from them to
render him such returns as have been
enjoyed in the past. In this view there
is some reason why there comes the
feeling that agriculture is depressed or
in some way hampered. But then,
when the present condition is COM
pared with the more remote past, and
the improved dwellings, improved modes
of life and improved surroundings are
taken into account, to all of which the
farmer pays high tribute. he may feel
that after all it is partly picture of the
imagination and that the results flow
ing from farming are as encouraging as
they have been at any time.
WILLIAM II. YERMANs.
Columbia, Conn.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24
Notes by the Way.

How many poor cows are you board
ing?
PAINTING the cultivator handles and
moving wheels is a mighty
poor winter business for hens.
IT is for the farmers to see that the
agricultural colleges and experiment
stations are properly run, and to aid in
running them.
IT costs at least two ounces of butter
per cow before the effect of bad fright,
caused by strange dog running through
the milkyard, wears away.
If you raise draft horses, the match
ing is easily done. If they are about
the same weight, the color and style
make very little difference.
II you are sending a mixed lot of
hens to market, it will pay to grade
them so as to have each coop as evenly
as possible. They will sell more rapidly
and at better prices.
ONE of the things that are past find
ing out is why so many dairymen who
depend on the cows they own for their
living and prosperity are so negligent
in the fall months about their care.
THE canning interest of Maine is one
of its most important industries; it is
an interest which is directly based upon
agriculture and benefit of large pro-
portions to the farmers of the state.
FARMERS have been inactive, while
capital, joining hands with politicians,
has had an easy task in shaping UNI
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

A SINGULAR discovery has been
made about many of the mortgaged
farms of Kansas. Many of these were
never brought under cultivation, but
taken up by spectators who, after per-
fecting title, mortgaged them for con-
siderably more than everything was
worth. The hardship in the foreclosure
of such property falls most heavily on
the unsuspecting but credulous eastern
capitalist, who has sent his money out
West TO be divided between the parties
TO this bunco scheme, whereby, as al
ways has been and always will be, the
fool and his money are quickly parted.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

MERIT WINs.-We desire to say to
our citizens that for years we have
been selling DR., Kings New Discovery
for consumption, DR.. Kings New Life
Pills, Bucklen's Arnica Salve and Elec-
trio Bitters, and have never handled
remedies that sell as well, or that
have given such universal satisfaction.
We do not hesitate to guarantee them
every time, and we stand ready to re-
fund the purchase price if satisfactory
results do not follow their use. These
remedies have won their great popular
ity purely on their merits. G. Blakely,'
druggist.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

THE Ne,o England Farmer says, very
truly, that disease is not natural to the
hog any more than to the OK, and were
we as careful of the one as of the other
there would be no such excessive loss
as we now hear of all through the coun-
try. The hog in its wild state is much
more vigorous and enduring than when
domesticated, and therefore less liable
to disease, but as raised and fed entirely
on corn it is one of the most sensitive
animals on the farm, and susceptible
to any and every form of disease. But
give hogs a good clover field, with
plenty of pure water and with sweet
milk, wheat bran and corn, and they
would be well built, their appetites
strong and their digestive powers act
i've; they would be able to resist dis
ease, or, in other words, be subject to
no disease.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

THE Republican itself, after saying
that " the men who created and ac-
cepted our constitution had no such
faith in the wisdom of the majority as
have these disciples of pure democ-
racy of our day." admits hat the SEN
ates of the country are not even true to
the ideals of those who secured their
establishment. 1t says: "No one
seriously regards the senate of to-day
as body of statesmen carefully chosen
from the several states because of their
peculiar ftness for their high positions.
On the contrary, it is well known that
while some senators owe their seats to
their merits, more are successful poll
ticians; others represent railroads, sill
yer mines and pocket-boroughs; others
are only millionaires; and still others
owe their seats to pure partisanship. y"
1t would seem, then, that barring a gov
eminent by the professors, which we
fear is but barren ideality,"
America has to choose one of two alter
natives-ag government of the people, by
the people, for the people; or govern
ment of the people, by the politicians,
for the highest bidders.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

BUT of all things, save us from a
baseball, foot-b ball, or a doctrinaire
government in the state'or nation. The
people have their faults; they are often
hasty, and may be misled for awhile by
flashy and dishonest takers; but they
are sound at heart and true to the core
in their devotion to a good, safe and
sufficiently conservative administration
of the public business. If we can not
trust the people to make and support
such an order of things, then the bot
tom is all out of the whole business,
and American institutions are fail
ure. We none of us believe anything
like that. We may have neglected our
duties as citizens, and allowed the poll
ticians to get control; but we are the
same people who made this system of
government, and we can repair it, and
put new safeguards about il, and can
remove from it such dangerous anach-
ronisms as the senates which stand by
oleomargarine, and every other fraud
which can organize lobby with money
in quantity large enough to satisfy the
greed of the venal politicians who con-
troll caucuses, and secure those nom
nations which can only become cleo
tions by the careless neglect of citizens
to do their whole duty to themselves
and their country.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

THOSE who think the organized farm
ers are running wild in politics might
assuage their anxieties by reading the
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

THE farmers organizations are ex-
pressing desire to have the senates of
the states and the nation elected di-
rectly by the people. The better way
would be to abolish the whole thing.
Our senates were device of the mon
archists and aristocrats of the last CEN
fury in America, who would have pre-
ferred an exact duplication of the Eng
fish system on this continent, and
came, by compromise, as near to it as
they could. AS long as the country
was poor, these imitation houses of
lords were a mere obstructive fifth
wheel in our system of government.
In these days of vast fortunes they are
simply hot-beds of corruption, where
bribery runs riot, and the peoples
rights are sacrificed to the highest bid
der. The original settlers of Vermont,
when they set up state government,
understood this, and provided only for
a single house-but they were after
wards beguiled into following the
fashion of the other states-with re-
suits which have been often illustrated
by the defeat of the popular will at the
Investigations of corporations supposed
to be the servants of the people, but
which are becoming, through the con-
nivance of senates, to be our masters.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24
Editorial NOtings.

THE Springfield Republican is COM
planning because the farmers organ.
izations want the actual numerical ma
iority of the voters to rule in this coun-
try" 1t rebukes them for believing
in the practical infallibility of the
popular Judgment" and for ignoring,
or holding of secondary Importance,
L" the abstract merits of measure" as
determined by " the trained intelligence
of the country. This is, no doubt, very
presumptuous on the part Of the farm
ers, whom the young colleeians of the
Republican probably regard, with Car
lyle, as "mostly fools" Still, until
this " trained intelligence can come
into a good deal more harmony with
itself, we don't quite see what else can
be done than to let the majority rule
if it can succeed in getting the better
of the practical politicians, which we
very much doubt. If an honest vote
of the college-bred men of the country
could be taken, we have no doubt that
it would be overwhelmingly against
majority rule, and unless their modesty
overcame them, they would doubtless
wish to limit the suffrage to a select
constituency, with themselves at its
head. They had somewhat similar
government in France once, for little
while, we believe, but " one such fever
was enough " for the French people.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

following resolution, passed by the
National Grange at its last meeting:
i" RESOLVED, That the National Grange
of the Patrons of Husbandry, now
assembled in Atlanta, do hereby avow
and reiterate its often declarations and
intentions that it has no sympathy or
affinity with any species of socialism,
agrarianism or one.tax landism, ETC.,
but we believe in a government of
equal justice to all classes and special
favOrs to none" But if the purpose
of this resolve is ever made a reality, it
will cause a mighty change in things
all over the Union, simple and Just as
it appears, and is. This purpose can
not be carried into effect without the
uprooting and overturning of vast mo-
nopolies employing hundreds of mill
lions of dollars, and possessing immense
political influence. Take the Standard
Oil Trust as single instance, one
among many. Is there power enough
existent in the Union to unseat this
monster, which has gone on smilingly
and undisturbed in the midst of the
denunciations and arrangements of the
last two decades? What does such an
association of plunderers care for talk9
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

SEVERAL personal friends of ours
who went out to Dakota on the flood
tide of immigration, taking considerable
capital with them, have returned to
Vermont, or gone farther west into
Montana, seeking for a more reliable
country for agricultural purposes. The
Maine Farmer chronicles other in
stances of like character. 1t says: 81.
w. Thome of Mills, Mass, has recently
returned from Dakota, after hard
struggle of several years there, and he
tells narrowing story Of the situation
of affairs in that part of the country,
which has cured his Dakota fever. He
says that although the soil is rich, the
continued lack of moisture prevents any
large production. A man in Holliston,
Mass, who struck out for South Dakota
five years ago with his family, has been
driven back by drouth and failure of
crops, and says that everybody who can
is moving away, and those who can't
wish they could. He is a man who
knows how to farm, and had the means
for making a success, if anybody could"
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

THE Connecticut Board of Agricul-
ture holds its winter meeting this year
at Rockville, December 16, II and IS.
We are indebted to Secretary Gold for
a copy of its excellent programme, en-
bracing lectures by the chemists of the
Agricultural Experiment Station, Pro-
fessors johnson and jenkins, and of
the Storrs School Station, Professor At
water; also addresses on practical agri-
culture by number of successful farm
ers. Connecticut is a small state, but
her corps of agricultural experts is not
eXcelled, if equaled, in America in sci
entific ability or practical work.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

TIE chicken business has attracted a
good deal of talent and even scientific
skill. Every effort has been made to
develop successful results. Caponizing
is said to be proftably done by many
poultry farmers in lower New England;
and now we hear of the introduction of
forced fattening by the French method.
The Hartford Comm Times says:
" Professor H. A. Mott of Philadelphia
recently took fifty chickens and placed
them in separate compartments, where
they were fed with buttermilk, corn
meal and buckwheat meal, mixed and
pumped through tube attached to the
throat of the chicken. All the food
was taken into the crop instead of into
the stomach. The chickens were fed
three times daily at regular intervals
for three weeks. Then by roasting,
broiling and boiling, the digestive and
nutritive qualities of these chickens,
fattened on the French method, were
compared with those of common birds.
The proportion of fat on the breast of
the western fowl was three per cent, on
the Philadelphia fowl ten and seven
tenths per cent, on the French fattened
fowl siXty-four per cent.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-07-27

position to begin with \ wave To the right means a
down IN front means "space.' The signal IS also
dropped down in front at the end of each word to
avoid confusion. When signalling at night what IS
known a, foOttOrch IS used, which Is on the ground
IN direct line with the torch used In signalling when
III It's normal or upright position. Thu, the motions
OF the torch 10 the right or lift may De more plainly
seen.
The flags which are used ar, from two four feet
square, according to the distance at which the signalling
Is to he done. and they Of two color. one l.
ground IS dark and the other Is red with white
centre. Ia be used where light background Is OBJ
tanned. The large nag, are fastened to the end Of a
fun 10 one. especially I'm heavy wind. better
As matter of fact II takes strong 10 it
large number Of methods used In signalling. such
hight, hclocraph, etc The "Wizah." Edison, is
said to have invented improved hcllocraph. which
prevents the enemy from reading the silmals even
though they should be in position 10 do No long
tests have been made with that instrument rs yet,
however.
The organizations which are causing all the discus
sion At h, time the signal Corps Of the First and
second Brigadcs. signalling Is new thing pract
Caly. III the National Guard, although Major Morris
b. FAIR organized corps out Of volunteers from several
roOMyn regiments nearly ten years ago. The code
then in has since been abandoned and the Morse
code adopted being better adapted to the work The
beauty Of the present system is that telegraph operators
can be taken from their Offices in any part Of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-07-27
patrick was private in Company F, I'd New-YosS
Heavy Artillery.

FROM THE RANK AND FILE.
1t Is a delicate task TO select particular names from
the roll OF the many brave and excellent soldiers Ell
rolled in Shields Post But who could pass by Joseph
DevereauX, the chivalrous private Of Company X, OF
the 6sth New-York Veteran Volunteers e. Meagher's
Pes" whose record shows four consecutive years OF
service and who wounded by q bayonet thrust at
Getty sburg July 3, 1868, when Pickcts Confederate
Division made its famous charge, and was the same
The 10Th tonnecticut Volunteers wounded and taken
prisoner before Petersburg, and James Higgins. OF
Murphy, then a private of Company a, OF the oJtb.
its adjutant, twenty years IN harness 70.
state, NAVY Patrick MoDermott first Lieutenant Corr
pany q, 10th NewlOrk Volunteers. WIN cs0iv
Of three years service; James Dooley OF the lplsn
brigade: Joseph T. Flynn, second lieutenant OF Bat-
terry \. l4th New-YOrk Volunteers VINO Was baby
wounded with bucIshot in the right leg paraS SIS
Company X, 9Dth New York Volunteers. and james
smith, who served in the oOth New York |ol4iteeis;
Besides there 80 comrades VINO nave ulea
from the Of wounds received in action or tron
the results OF exposure and fatigue during me VA from
The story Of James Shields Post wOulu De lar ipVn'
complete II the present gallant colonel OF the oetn;
Comrade james Cavanash should be brg9tten ooon me-
Cavanagh known during the war throushQu' uio
I'd Corps as the little lighting MAJOR lie was
severely wounded in three different engageJlehts d.
the first Bull Run. at the battle VI AnletaD anu az
Fredericksburg. The wound at Fredericksburg so un.
fitted him for duty that lie was compelled TO accept
an honorable DISCHARGE But ne soon rsu ns a ND
uniform again and now commands as stanch ana
valiant regiment as Is TO be found among Eew,
Yorks citizen soldery ready to lead 1t wherever duy
calls. .,,
Ex- Brgadier General Francis b. spnola: with .
three years record a soldier OF lne chloh' 10
another honOrcd member of Shields Post.
The good work done by this post can be partially
understood when it is known that during the o eleven
wears of its existence il has dsbursed $4,000 in
charity TO sick and needy comrades VINO through no
fault Of their own, unable 10 meet the deullus
Of the landlord the baker aud the butcher II is an
annual custom with the post 10 send ~ the WIDOW OK
each dead cOmrade turkey and a % note every
Christmas Eve Destitute comrades are never ne
elected but always receive something 70 remember
the post by The funds needed for thb WORK nave
been raised BY the comrades. one of whom, Colonei
Michael C. Murphy. has contributed over 1900 IN me
last three wears. Colonel Murphy's record as captain
I'm the 18th New-Yorll Volunteers and as Lieutenant,
colonel of the 10th New York Volunteers l. TOO wen
known to need repetition here Thc main pGr1n os
and in1rm comrades has been secured through tne
poSt,, annual excursions. The next one viii take
place on August II, Roa Hook and the Hudson being
the objective point.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-07-27

One of the finest buildings on the campus is the
Frederick Marquand Memorial Hall, which was
erected at cost Of S67 900. The first payment
was made toward the new dormitory in 1888 by
ID. W. McWIliams Of Brooklyn, the residuary
Egatec Of the Marquand estate. Mr.. McWilliams
is trustee Of the seminary. The building was
formally opened February 8, 1885 with the
celebration of the eightieth birthday of Mrs.
Betsey Moody, this being also the forty eighth
birthday of her son, d. l.. Moody. Mrs. Moody
held reception in the chapel Of Marquand Hall,
which was beautifully decorated.
DOMESTIC SCIENCE FOR YOUNG WOMEN.
One of the delightful features Of the Mortified
Seminary is Its Domestic Training Department for
girls. This was instituted by Miss Emily Hunt
lngton, Of New-lork, and Mr.. Moody has fitted
up room called the Domestic Laboratory on the
Top noor OF Marquand Hall, where perhaps one
thrd Of the students receive instruction in laundry
WORK, IN cooking, in sewing, and in table service
Miss Huntington has had considerable experience
In teaching kitchen gardening TO the girls who
attend the Wilson Mission in New-York with ,ybic,,
she Is connected but she concluded tba, what
was good for the little girls was eou.II,. rs,f,,I
Tor The larger girls, and it was her dream for q
long time 70 have special department Of domestic
science IN some regular school where bouseyvifor,
ana sewing, cooking and laundrvinp could lao
taught in classes by special teacher as geography
or arithmetic IS taught She had great difficulty
III training her teachers thoroughly. AZ tbe lam
dries refused 10 admit the teacher who teaches ,Li
system at NOrtAheld, and only through persistent
effort and hard experience did She lcarn ,,ho, is
here taught so easily. La recent ar,icIo ,,aD
Huntington says:
AT last there is domestic science svstcn, for
schools. colleges and seminaries-a system ,tot
was tested and approved before il was nIacsd i,
Mr.. Moody's Mortified Seminary. There is Ii,,le
doubt that all neutrality-suspicious. will sooner or Later
follow this model. Obstacles that have bitber,o
doomed up in the pathway have been overcome
mountains of difficulties have been tunneued
dividing streams have been bridged and AT las,
one may walk right through the gateway Of xno,yl
eoge TO the much desired goal DO you wish Ia
see IL Oo up 10 the love " town during the next
sch0ol year. Stop at the charming new hotel. .
walk over 10 Marquand Hall, and look into the
Oohestic Science Laboratory, and see if il is a
room where MurlllOs picture of the Angels of the
hitcheh would be out Of place And if your own
ecnooi udSs are over, take away with you deter
nIhatioh IhSt other glrs-yOur own daughters
Perhaps-ShaIl not lose such an opportunity of
ieiIIihe whSt, III any condition Of lfc, will be
PiIceiess value 10 them Lake mistress like
niaaiu, - as true as IL ever was. and domestic
s1lehIe laboratories should be numbered among
sIe otnIssroohs OF every school, whether private
m puunc, LOT richer or for poorer No wonder
~1e'e "oios IRON the marriage service leap to the