The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1890-12-02

transit, is the first condition of foreign
trade. IL carries the order of the buyer,
but not all that is ordered or bought. 1t
gives TO the sailing vessels such cargoes
es ase not urgent or pershable, and indi-
rectly, at least. promotes that important
adjunct of commerce. There is cow both
in this country and in the nations of North
and South America an expectation and con-
tidence as to increased trade that will give
double value TO your prompt action upon
this question.
AUSTRALIAN MAILS.
The present situation of our mail COM
munlcation with Australii- illustrates the
Importance of early action by Congress
The Oceanic Steamship company main
tains line of steamers between san
Francisco, Sydney and Auckland, consist
ing of three vessels, two of which are OF
United States registry and one of foreign
registry. For the service done by this
line in carrying the mails we pay annually
the sum of $4,000, being estimated as equal
70 the full sea and United States inland
postage, which is the limit fixed by law.
The colonies of New South Wales and New
Zealand have been paying annually TO these
hi IS e31, 600 for carrying the mails from
Sydney and Auckland to San Francisco.
The contract under which this payment
has been made is now about TO expire, and
these colonies have refused to renew the
contract unless the United States shall pay
a more equitable proportion of the sum
necessary To hold the service. | am ad-
vised by the postmaster general that the
United States receives for carrying the
australian mails brought to San Francisco
in these steamers by rail to Vancouver an
estimated annual income of So, 900: while,
as i have stated, we are paying out for the
support of the steamship line that brings
this mail to US only $4,000, leaving an an
nual surplus resulting from this service OF
$4,000.
The trade of the United States with
Australia, which is in considerable part
carried by those steamers, and the whole
of which is practically dependent upon the
mail communication which they maintain,
is largely in our favor Our total exports
the fiscal year ending June 80, 1890, was
sll,265, asa, while the total imports OF mer-
chandise from these ports were only 81, 2ff ;,
616. If we are not willing to see this I'M.
portant ship line withdrawn, or continued
with Vancouver substituted for San Fran
cisco as tue American terminal, Congress
should put it in the power of the post
master general to make a liberal increase
in the amount now paid for the transpor
tation Of this important mail.
THE GULF PORTS.
The South Atlantic and gulf ports occu-
py q very favored position towards the new
and important commerce which the re-
ciprocity clause Of the tariff act and the
postal shipping bill are designed TO pro
mote. Steamship lines from these ports tx
some northern port of South America viii
almost certainly effect connection between
the railroad systems of the continent, Ions
before any continental line CT railroad car
be put in operation. The very large appro
priation made at the last session for tn,
harbor of Galveston was justified, as i
seemed to be, by these considerations. Thu
great northwest will feel the advantage o
trunk lines TO the south as well as to tn,
east, and of the new markets opened TO
the supply of food products, and for man,
OF their manufactured products.
INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN BANK.
had occasion in my last message t
transmit to Congress a report adopted b,
the International American conference
upon the subject of the incorporation of al
international American bank, with a view
20 facilitating money exchanges betweel
the states represented in that conference
Such an institution would greatly promot
the trade we are seeking to develop. / re
new the recommendation that a careful AM
we'll guarded charter be granted. l do no
think the powers granted should includ
those ordinarily exercised by trust, guar
antee and safe deposit companies, or tina
more branches IN the United States shout
be authorized than are strictly necessar
to accomplish the object primarily in view
namely, convenient foreign exchanges. !
is quite important that prompt actio
should oe taken in this matter in order tina
any appropriations for better communica
lion with those countries and any agree
meDt that may be made for reciprocal trad
h. ind FAr.
of making exchanges through European
money centers, or burdened by the tribut
which is an incident Of that method of busi
ness.
RELIEF or THE SUPREME COURT.
The bill for the relief of the suprem
court has, after manyiyears' discussion
reached position when final action is cas-
lily attainable, and il is hoped that any dii
ferences of opinion may be so harmonic
as TO save the essential features of thi
very important measure. In this conneC
ton l earnestly renew my recommendation
that the salaries OF judges of the Unite
States district courts be so readjusted the
none of them shall receive less than S., 90
per annum.
UNADJUsTED SPANISH LAND GRANTS.
The subject of unadjusted Spanish an
sity for providing some commission or tri
bunal for the treatment OF questions grow
ing oct thereof, was twice brought by me
the attention of Congress at the last SEES
sion. Bills have been reported from tn
proper committees and botn houses on til
subject, and ! very earnestly hope that thi
Congress will put an end to the delay whic
has attached TO the settlements of dispute
as to toe well being of matters and claim
hoe &c
prosperity and disturb the peace of larg
and important communities
The governor of New Mexico, in his las
report to the secretary of the interior. SUI
gests some notifications of the provisio
of the pending bills relating to small hold
ings of farm lands. l commend TO YOU
attention the suggestion of the secretar
OF the interior upon this subject.
NATIONAL BANKRUPT LAW.
The enactment Of national bankruy
law l still regard as very desirable. Tt
constitution having given TO Congress
Jurisdiction of this subject it ought to /
exercised and uniform rules provided fl
the administration of the affairs of il
solvent debtors. The inconvenience result
ing trom the occasional and temporal e,
ercise of this power by Congress and fro
the conflicting state codes on insolveuc
which come into force inuermediatel
should be removed by the enactment of
simple, inexpensive and permanent nation
bankrupt law. / also renew my recon
mendation for legislation affordlng ju
copyright protection for foreign authors {
O footing of reciprocal advantage fl
authors abroad.
oUPLERs AID BRAKES on FREIGHT TRAIN
1t may still be possible for this Congress
to inaugurate by suitable legislation
movement looking to uniformity and i
creased stability in the use Of couplers al
brakes upon freight trains engaged
Interstate commerce. The chief difficult
in the way is to secure an agreement as
the best appliances, simplicity of effectiy