The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-09-07
THE MAP OF EUROPE.
Changes It Has Undergone within
the Past Sixty Years.
Tho crowd, of Russia, Italy and Prussia
New Gevern,nonts Created Since
February, 1s30-The suppress
sion OF Unhappy Poland.

! T. d
Rnpors Of European war on grand
scale arc SO rife nov, ON account of the
troubles In fhe Balkan peninsula, that
1t may be interesting to recall the many
and stapendous changes which have
modified tho map of Europe during
the last sixty years. The French reyo-
luton, continued by Napoleon T., over
turned every nation and modified every
frontier limit in Europe. Between
1916 and 1880 the restoration Of tho
| eldest branch OF the Bourbons in France,
and the Vienna and Verona congresses,
had nearly re-established the ancient
order of things in the European world.
But in 1880 the revolution which
crowned the Orleans cadet, Louis Phil
lippe, as King of France. and proclaimed
him the representative of modern lib
erafisnl as against clerical rcactionism
as persnnided in Charles X, was the
signal of changes all over Europe. The
heroic sons of Greece had alreadybegan
tho struggle for modern liberty and ma
tional independence. They were sue
aessful, and the treaty Of AdrTanoplc
was agreed to by all Europe, and Greece
was recognized as sovereign power on
February 5. 1880. Moldayia, Wallacilia
and Servia were constituted by Trio
same treaty as autonomous principal
ities, and Turkey coded to Russia the
mouth of the Danube. Belgium sep
aratcd from Holland and was recog-
Aized as an independent power in July
1881, after long conferences held in
London.
In 1891 tho Kingdom of Poland was
suppressed as result of the heroic but
unsuccessful fight Of the Poles forliber-
ty. In 1916 the Republic of cracow was
suppressed also and Incorporated with
Austria. IN 1913 tho principality OF
Nouchatel, which had been given upto
Prussia By the treaties of 1914, declared
its independence and became 4 canton
of Switzerland This independence was
officially recognized by Prussia in 1854
After tire Crimean war, in 1865, Russia
lost the southern portion of Bessarabia,
along the banks OF Che Danube, which
portion was given to Moldavia. The
Solferfao victory, in 1850, caused Aus
trta TO surrender Lombar(ly, with the
exception of Mantual, to Napoleon III,
who made present of that province ito
Italy, orrather TO the King of Sardinia.
In 1850 the same King came into pos
session of Modena, Parma, Tuscany,
Romagrn, Umbria, Naples and Sicily,
giving back in exchange to, France only
the county OF Nice and the Savoy One
year later, in 1861. the kingdom OF Italy
was definitely constituted by the reunion
under the same sceptre Of all Italian
states formerly separated with the ex-
ceptisn of the pontifical states and the
Rome campagna. In 1861 Moldavia
and Wallachia were united under the
name OF Rumania. In 1864 the Ionian
Islands, which formed parliamentary
republic under British pEoctorate. were
ceded TO Greece.
The Gastrin convention of 1865, after
the war of the Duchics, dccrecd thc an
nexation to Prussia Of the Duehy of
fauenburg, the title Of which was con-
ferred upon Bismarck after his retire
raent from the chanccllorship. In 1866,
after the battle OF Sadowa, tho Kingdom
of Hanover, the Hesse Electorate, the
free city OF Frankfort, Schleswig and
Holstein were annexed to Prussia and
the Confederation of North Germany was
established. In the same year, and as
another consequence OF defeat at Sado-
wa, the Vienna Government abandoned
yenetia and the fortress of Mantua to
Iealy The first defeats of the French in
the war of 1870 compelled them TO
evacuate Rome, which then became the
capital of Italy. The Frankfort treaty
gave Alsaee and Lorraine to the newly
founded North German Empire. In ISIS,
after the Russo Turkish war, and through
the operation Of the Berlin treaty, great
changes were made in the map Of Eu-
rope. Russia exchanged the Dobroudja
district for Southern BessalNbia. servia,
by TIE sanc trenty, was enlarged and
constituted as an Independent kingdom,
as we'll as Rumania. Bulgaria became
mere tributary province of Turkey,
from which in 1885 she snatched Eastern
Rufnclia. Montenegro receive an ia
crease Of territory, and Bosnia and Her
zegovinn were surrendered to Austria,
which was authorized to occupy them
temporarily, word which means in
diplomacy real possession.
Such is the present international map
of Europe; how long will it last in chat
shape?
4 NIFTY TN YnrRSMIF