Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-28
Planting Trees.

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"A. G. B.
Planting Trees.
Thomas Meehan, one of Pennsyl-
vania's foremost horticulturists, finds in
his practice, as must every observing
planter that there is Greatly no best time
to plant trees anywhere" Local circum-
stances must guide the planter and these
local circumstances will vary from year to
year. There are seasons when we would
never think of planting in August or
September, or even in October, if we
could help tive should leave all we
could till spring; and we have seen
many spring when we heartily wished
that we had done a great deal more In
the fall than was done.
The authority referred to tells in
Country Gentleman how success in tree
planting NAV be insured. He says
Success depends on a number of Incl
dents transplanted tree is in the ma
ture of cutting. The roots taken with
the tree are not of very great import
ance in themselves. The biggest mass
of fbrous roots to any tree is of no ma
terial consequence, unless 1t throws out
at once young white fibers with root
hairs 1t is no uncommon event that
hemlock spruce with matted roots are
the first to die. It is often more diff
cult to get earth in among mass of
fibers, than where the mass is thinner.
The new root fibers do not push well
unless in immediate contact with earth,
and moist earth too it must be. Ex-
perience shows that these new fibers
push out more rapidly in August and
September than i'll any other time OF
the year in the vicinity of Philadelphia.
It has been already noted that trans
planted tree is of q nature of a cutting
it certainly loses moisture by evapo-
ration The only art in transplantlng is
to guard against excessive evaporation,
until the new root fibers are freely
formed. Now, if August and September
are very hot or dry, we lose by evap-
Grafton what we gain by rapidity of new
made roots.
One can readily see from this that
there can be no general answer to the
question whether it is best to plant in
fall or in spring, or early or late in any
one season-whether a tree should be
pruI ed at transplanting or left with ali
its branches On-whether the leaves
should be eft on at transplantlng or all
or many taken off. A locality exposed
to keen cutting, cold north winds in fall
and winter would be unfavorable to fall
planting: the moisture evapOrates too
readily On the other hand, a locality
in which a hot, drying sun will follow
Immediately after d spring planting will
be bad for that season, for again eyap-
Grafton will be too great.
What is the best time for planting,
then; each must decide for himself.
The best time to plant is when the roots
will push out their new white hair
tipped fibers the most rapidly, and when
excessive evaporation is at the same
time likely to be under the best control.
This may be the spring in many locali-
ties. In other localities the conditions
will be best secured in fall. All of this
is, of course, chiefly for the amateur or
for the nurseryman in managing his
own planting 1t is not safe to send
trees long distances on these ventures.
The nurseryman must have his regular
season for digging about the fall of the
leaf in autumn and as soon as the frost
is out of the ground in spring.
Practical Bookkeeping.
This is subject with which every
apiarist should be familiar, for, without
borough mastery of the subject, he will
not succeed as a bee-keeper, and more
especially as a queen breeder Every
queen that is a pure Italian queen will
produce pure Italian droneS, even if
she has mated with black drone; but
her resulting worker-bees will be cross
bloods or hybrids, which are the most
inveterate singers, and difficult to
handle 1t seems as if a queen will pro-
duce eggs that will hatch drones wheth
er she has mated with a male or not,
and these drones will be pure Italian
also, if the queen was pure herself, and
any male mating under such clrcum-
stances will not affect the resulting
drones. But, let it be remembered, if
such queen mates with black dTone
her resulting worker-bees will be
hybrids.
This subject of Parthenogenesis should
be thoroughly studied and mastered
from the best text books by every one
who wishes to master all the intricate
windings of this most interesting en-
ployment. No person will ever attain
perfect success, especially in queen
rearing. who has not done so. Of course
it will be seen that hybrid queen will
produce other hybrid queens, etc.
Learn to keep your stock pure, and
pleasure and profit will be your reward.
This subject of Parthenogenesis
! These are sometimes the pest OF the bee
keepers. When hive becomes queen
| less from any cause, and there are eggs
| in the combs under six days old from
| which the bees can rear queen, lnaJ
hive is hopelessly without queen I'M
less supplied with eggs just laid, from
which the bees can rear a queen, or a
queen already reared is supplied. Such
a hive will soon dwindle away and be-
come extinct, after being robbed by 9TH
er bees before dying out entirely.
When hive has been long without a
queen, often one or more bees will I'M
| dertake to take upon themselves the of
fee of maternity, and will lay eggs
These eggs will produce drones only if
they hatch at ALL When hive has a
fertile worker such resulting eggs are
laid irregularly and their cappings are
raised. They are not deposited in that
regular order after the way of queen.
ANLonoa-on thn,Afnrn these e0oS are