davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30

patrons our store has grown 70 "
one Of tho popular shopping resorts to be found in the city
one Of the BEST ASSORTED be found and
prices are always you find when qualities
weare little different from dry goods nanuch
do not carry and brio brac get in tho other
places but devote attention exclusively to DRY GOODS
WRAPS CARPETS and goods you find in dcs
dry goods house.
We are actually doing Wrap Of this city and form
idea Of the magnitude OF this line until the
stock we display being other firm carries We
have all Of the nob styles PLUSH JACKETS and COATS AsTBA
CHAN trimmed and plain CLOTH JACKETS Dhgona Chevos
Beavers trimmed and plain The prices we ask for them
arc the most reasonable you possibly wish for always meeting
purse styles your IDEAS
Inst received and displayed this large CAPES Asthan
Seal Plush and Cony They desirable goods TO be found
in the city, greatly demand They marked prices induce
you to buy them.
The stock of MISSES WRAPS show you cannot
b matched elsewhere they offered you below their value
Don't miss opportunity.
We offer special inducements DRESS GOODS and TRIM
MINGs CARPETS RUGS and OIrCLoTHs BLANKETS COM.
ora DRESS SILKS Of all kinds LINEN HANDKEB
CHIEFS KID GLOVES vELvErs and PLUsHEs TABLE
LINENS and NAPKINS many goods always the
lowest at
THATHTMER BROS'..
FIFTH AND BROAD STREETS.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30
pE1rWE1RLlsll
DISSOLUTION.
VINAN NCIAI.

ITAVE YOU ANY MONEY! IF SO
/ 4 call and have a private talk witH US At our
IOe ldlccs IL Fcrd's Law Building, No. l0S north
y u.l street We may be able 10 throw out a
t.r.,silon A. 70 the safest and most profitable
w. 10 Investing t. Al any rate, the eXperimont
v fost you nothing.
HENRY L. STAPLES & CO.,
l13 north Ninth street, opposite the Capitol.
f..,n. sq7 no 30-lt
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30
Hou5eIuEnHhing Department
(BASEMENT.)

The entire centre aisle is taken mp for
our magnificent display of Holiday
Ware. Yet more room is needed. To-
morrow (Monday, December 1st) we
will inaugurate an extraordinary special
sale. which means to be slaughtered al
from % to 30 less than regular price.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30

Basket Flannels, light tints, value 6Oc.,
for 37Ic.
No chance to talk Of the thousand
and one bargains in
All the new imported .IeUeIyU.
things are here.
Gentlemen's Scotch Underwear, col
ored, value S5 suit. 1t will be $3.50 q
suit this week. Gentlemen's well-made
Night-Shirts, cost 6Oc., for 37jc. The50c
Scarfs are 25c. ; Is and 1sc. for the usual
25c. Scarfs. The department is brim-
full now.
A deal in Ladies' Underwear. The
department is now moved on second
floor, next to elevator; 26S dozen vari-
ous garments and of the best make and
material. 81 Gowns go for 65c. Sl.9S
Gowns sell for Sl.25. Great surprises
await you in the department. See tho
best OF all 75c. Skirts-sell for 5Oc. !;
with eight-inch embroidered ruflle for
75c. Many hundred garments at similar
value.
No chance to talk OF, but one out Of
a thousand. All the stuff you can want
is here about the store.
A pair of Stamped Pillow Shams for
1Oc. large White Apron for lSc.
in the same department.
Look through the Carpets, the Hand
kerchiefs, the Corset and Hosiery stock,
r~z------.-.----s~---------.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30
FINANCIAL

L'lNANClAlL
n YOU wish 20 Invest your money in GOOD
j .AL ESTATE LOANS cs.l IN and see
CHEWING & ROSE,
Resi- Estate Brokers, No. north Tenih street
no 80-cod2t
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30

Some of the
prices are mar
vellous, for in
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30

Referring o ths above II affords me much
pleasure % recommend hr. A. W. NOTHING,
Jr hs my successor. know him 70 be strictly
business and thoroughly conYersant with the de-
ta f of trs drug business l do earnestly re-
guest for him continuance Of the patronage OK
tended 10 me i0r many yoars- .
pE0ryUaRl, lsll no 3O-lt
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30
VetUet and Plush |

find out the prices that are going here
this week.
All Wool Medicated Red Twill |
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

j 4 rTORR recently conducted by /. H.
Thomas, No. 2l4 east Broad street (between
sa-grd ana Third streets, respectfully solicit
q soontnuauoo Of the patronage so literally ex-
tended Tor 80 many years With an experience
cr th'fty-eght years in the drug business IN this
civ. Win a fuli knowledge Of the wants Of tho
community. J shall eudeavor 10 furnish tho
BE4T AND PUKKsr MEDICINES 81 q reason
atio profit Mr. W. VI. sNOOK, who has had
Tnnay years' experience, will remain with mo
opc will be GLAD 90 serve his many friends.
Hoping by strict attention 70 business may be
favored with share % the patronage OF my
friands hnd She public, am, respectfully,
4. W. NOTING. JR.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30
Special ! Special !

One great lot Of DOLL-BABIES, OF
every description, damaged from hand
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30
FLANNEL.

29c. grade for l9c. All-Wool Striped
Basket Flannels, light tints, value 6Oc.,
for 37ic. d,
No nhnnna 70 talk OF tha thousand
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-11-30

Medicated Red Twill
| 35c. quality, 2Oc. 9
/ yard ; the plain ALI
Wool, value 25c., for
J 15c. ; All-Wool White,
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26

SYNDICATES IN CUBA,
New York Capitalists Investing Heavily
in Su:ar Plantations.

New York Capitalists Investing Heavily
in SUGAR Plantations.
WASHINGTON, Dec. ga dispatch from
Havana to the Bureau of American Re-
publics reports that a syndicate of New
York capitalists has within the last few
days purchased, for 100000 in gold, the
sugar plantation and factory known as
San Ramon, one of the largest in Cuba,
and is making arrangements to construed
lines of transportation throughout the
estate in order to increase the cultiva-
ton area and reduce the cost of produc-
tion. The plantation already produces
$4,000 bags of sugar annually, and it is
the intention to produce from 10000 to
100000 bags next year.
The same dispatch also reports that
another New York syndicate is negotiat-
ing for the estate Tulsa, near the town
of Sagua, and that agents of other syn
dicates are in the country prospecting
for similar purposes.
Another dispatch reports that a syndi-
cate of capitalists is preparing to run a
line of tank steamers for the transporta-
ton of sugar between Cuban ports and
those of the United States-a scheme by
which the packing of sugar and molasses
in hogsheads will be avoided, and the
rate of transportation very much reduced
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
PARNELL TALKS.
He Condemns the Priests for Intimi-
dating Kilkenny Voters.

He Condemns the Priests for Intimi-
dating Kilkenny Voters.
DUBLIN Dec. 26.-Mr. Parnell, in an
interview before leaving this city, said
that he knew beforehand that the carry
ing of the Kilkenny election was almost
hopeless in view of the character of the
opposition that he had to meet. The
conduct of the priests, he thought, was
very blamable. They brought pressure
to bear without which the masses of the
people would have voted differently. Had
the people been allowed to exercise their
own Judgment without intimidation,
they would have sustained Mr.. Parnell.
1t was hardly in keeping with the func-
tions of the priesthood to hold over their
hocks threats of spiritual penalties for
the exercise of individual Judgment in
political matters.
Mr.. Parnell was asked: "What view
do you hold of the prospects of the diff
ferent parties?"
To this question he replied: "Should a
dissolution occur soon Mr.. Gladstone
will have very little chance of returning
to power. AS to my position time is OH
my side. l expect on Monday to start for
France to meet Mr.. O'Brien. On my re-
turn from Paris l shall take few days
rest. intend to resume the campaign
in Ireland early in the new year, opening
at Limerick. From there go to Ennis,
Waterford and other centres.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Mr.. O'BRIEN In PARIS
He is Warmly Received by
Prominent Irishmen.
he WILL NOT BE INTERVIEWED.
Envoy Sullivan Arrives in Queenstown
and is Presented With an Address

ParneII Says He Knew Beforehand that
nounced the Action of the Priests and
Says There is Good Cause for APP
peal on Account of Intimidation.
PARIS, Dec. 26.-Ths steamship OLDHAM,
having on board Messrs. C'Brien and Gill,
the Irish delegates, arrived at Boulogne
at II a. m.
A tug having on board Messrs. Nc
Carthy, Sexton and Condor, Father
Humphreys and Mrs. O'Brien's father
and mother, Mr.. and Mrs. Raffalovitch,
met the steamer OLDHAM outside the har-
Dor, and the party welcomed Messrs.
O'Brien and Gill, and took them ashore
in the tug.
On the way to the pier, Mr.. O'Brien
entered into an animated conversation
with his political friends in reference to
general matters, but declined to express
to the reporters his opinion of the situa-
ton. He excused himself on the plea
that, before saying anything for publ
cation, he desired to have some little
time to inform himself more fully of the
details that had transpired since his de-
parture from America.
Mr.. Byrne, editor of the Dublin Free
mans Journal, had an interview with
Mr.. O'Brien, lasting two hours. Mr..
Byrne reported his position as Parnell-
lite, and endeavored to prepare a way for
the holding of conference of the leaders
of the two sections of the Irish party in
Paris.
On the arrival of Mr.. William O'Brien
and wife and Mr.. Z. p Gill in this city,
house of M. Raffalovitch on Avenue
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
A cHILp's SHOCKING DEATH.
MysteriousIy Assaulted In the Cellar OF
Her Home.

MystsriOusly Assaulted In the Cellar OF
Her Home.
KINGSTON, N. Y, Dec. 26.-The village
of Richfield, Otsego County, has been
thrown into state of great excitement
by the death of nine-year Tirez Van
neizer. She had been sent to the cellar
to get some wood, and remained so long
that her mother called to her. The
child responded, but did not return, and
after further lapse of time Mrs. Van
neizer went TO the cellar. On reaching
the bottom of the stairs she was horri-
fed to discover her daughter lying I'M
conscious on the floor.
Picking the child up in her arms, the
mother carried her upstairs and physi-
clans were speedily summoned, but Tirez
died in a few hours without regaining
sufficient consciousness to disclose the
cause of her death.
An examination revealed the fact that
she had been assaulted. Oneonta cor
oners were notified, and the villagers are
determined to have thorough investi-
cation. Two strange men who had been
lettering about the village are now
missing.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
MuTILATED HER BODY.
A German Peasant womaH's Horrl5-G
Representation of Christ's Wounds.

a
Representation of Christ's Wounds.
BERLIN, 28.-The village of Wat.
terhim, in Rhineland, is undergoing con-
siderable excitement over peculiar case
of religious frenzy that occurred there
yesterday.
Barbara Pfister, an unmarried woman,
90 years of age, horribly mutilated her,
self and then appeared before large
number of people who had assembled at
her home to participate in religious
ceremony. She presented frightful ap-
pearance, being wounded in several
places and bleeding profusely. Her hands
and feet and her head were gashed, and
there were several wounds in the neigh
borhood of her heart.
Standing before the terror-stricken as
sembly, she exhibited her bleedin
wounds, and declared that they were a
wonderful example of the CT ucifXion of
Christ. AS soon as the authorities
heard of it, the woman was arrested and
taken to the jail, in order that the dis
trict physician might make an examina-
ton.
The wounds are in the inner and outer
sides of the hands, as we'll as around the
wrists, and there are small ones on the
feet. The is a square cut on her fore
head, and at the back of her head, under
the hair, are several bleeding erup-
tions.
The woman at the time she was ar.
rested was surrounded by more than
100 peasants, who were taking money
and food to her.
The gendarmes, who were sent to take
her to the Jail, were obliged to force
their way with drawn swords through
the crowd of admiring and awe-struck
spectators.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Sullivan Pres .nted With an Address.

CORK, Dec. 26.-Mr. T. D. Sullivan has
arrived from America. He was pre-
sented with an address by a committee
of McCarthyites, and in his reply said
that when he left Ireland the party had
leader noted for his sagacity, reticence
and statesmanlike qualities; he did not
recognize those qualities in the Parnell
of to-day. The majority of intelligent
Americans were opposed to ParnelPs
continuance in the leadership. He hoped
Mr.. O'Brien would succeed in bringing
about an agreement, but he firmly be
lieved that the action taken against Mr..
Parnell was the proper course to pursue,
and that it should not be reversed.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
NEWS OF THE DAY.

Eyraud. the Paris stranger, is still
hopeful of being granted new trial.
A fire at Bolivar, N. Y, destroyed two
large dwellings on Liberty street and
burned to death the adopted daughter of
Oliver Beckwith.
The piano and organ store of Peck s.
Curtis at Red Bank, N. j., was damaged
to the extent of $4,000 by fire. The in
surance is $4,000.
The Bishop of Ossory, ireland, has is
sued communication to the clergy of his
diocese congratulating them on their
good work during the recent election.
The residence of Peter Ermire, at Will
more, Pa, was burned, and before aid
could be summoned Mr.. Ermire persisted
in the flames. The rest of the family
were rescued.
A cable dispatch from London an.
nounces the death of the Most Rev.
William Thomson, D. D., archbishop Of
York. He was born at Whitehaven,
Cumberland, England, February II, 1919.
Big Foot and his band of Indians have
escaped from Colonel Summers COM
mand, on the Cheyenne River, and troops
have started in pursuit. A report comes
from Fort Bennett that the Indian war
is practically over.
Nose Howell, of Parkersburg, w. Va,
went into George w. Norris house and
shot at Mrs. Norris. The ball passed
through her nose, through both arms of
her daughter and then lodged in her
husbands leg.
The Executive Council of Massachu-
sets referred to the next Council the Pc
tition for a pardon for James Dunlap,
the Northampton Bank burglar. The
Pardon Committee have not yet reporte d
in the Smelling case.
At Troy, N Y, this morning the trial
was resumed of John Reed, one of the
Knights of Labor who confessed that he
and others wrecked trains on the Cen
tral-Hudson Railroad system during the
strike last August.
Rev. Benedict Murname, Provincial of
the Passionist Order in the United States,
is dead of congestion of the lungs. He
was born in Ireland about 40 years ago.
The funeral will take place on Sunday
from the Passionists' House in Dunkirk,
Ny.
The Westinghouse Air Brake Company
at Wilmerding, Pa, have closed their
works until Jan. 8, notifying their men
that hereafter they will work only five
days a week and seven hours a day.
Hitherto they have been working six
days of ten hours each. The decrease in
time is attributed to a lack of orders.
William Strong was arrested last night
on the charge of robbing his former en-
ployers, Scheutte & Co., Pittsburg, of
81 200. When arrested Strong wag a
leading character in Santa Claus en-
tertainment at the Bingham and 18th
street Methodist Episcopal Church, on
the south side. A sensational scene fol-
lowed, as he was a very active church
worker.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
THE SUNDAY SUN
For 1891

Has made the most important literary
engagements ever entered into by an,
American periodical or newspaper.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVrNSON's
South Sea Letters will begin with tn,
New Year. They will appear onl. in
TIE SUNDAY SUN, and will con.
stltute the great literary feature of Sol
A new story by the same celebrated
author,who writes''the Fest and P rest
English of our time," will be published
in January in HE SUNDAY SUN.
H. RIDER HAGGARD'S eric"
will also begin in January. 1t is more
of fighting drama than even "Kine
Solomon's Mines" A Norseland epic
of tremendous fire and imagination
Its equal has not been seen. 1t will
appear only in THE SUNDAY SUN.
/ Later in 1891 THE SUNDAY SUN
will print the novel of the year by the
coming Man of English Fiction. the
writer af 1891, who, with the publica-
ton of this astonishing novel, will have
arrived.
Other original literary features are
expected from the following contribu-
tors:
w Howl lis, A Edison,
0ohn >win'"n, J'y Cummings.
%"org" Meredith, William slack,
Ahn'ew Lang, w. Cin' k Russell,
1t. George Mivart, Cou,n "
Kudyard Kipling, Norman Lockyer.
ana many other renowned writer's.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26

Perhaps, dear reader, you are not SUBJ
scriber to the EVENING DEMeCRAT.
If not, why not ?
While the price of the DEMOCRAT is less
than that of our local contemporaries, the
foreign news field is fully covered, while
as chronlcler of local happenings it claims
the first position, and confidently chal-
Ienges public opinion in that respect. The
DEMOCRAT is essentially family paper,
and anything unfit to be read at the fire.
side is rigidly excluded.
its miscellaneous department. A feature
of especial interest to the ladies, is the
publication Of copyrighted serial stories by
the best authors.
If you are not already a reader, out of
curiosity subscribe for one or three months.
Telephone or send postal card.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26

WASHINGTON, Dec. 26.-For New England:
General and heavy snow; high northeasterly
winds: slight changes in temperature.
For Eastern New YORK, Eastern Pennsy1va-
mia and New Jersey: General and heavy
snow; heavy Winds slight changes in temper
AZURE, except warmer in Northern New York.
For Western New York and Western Penn
sylvania: General and heavy snow; heavy
winds; warmer, :
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
An Old Newspaper Man Married.

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Dec. 26.-Ezekiel Met
ties, aged 60, a wealthy and retired news
paper man, we'll known in Ohio, and Miss
Elizabeth Blizzard, aged 2l, charming
young lady of this city, were married
last night. Mr.. Mettles gracefully bears
the distinction of being older at the time
of his marriage than any fellow jour-
nalist who ever officiated as a bridegroom
at the occurrence of a similar happy
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Two Skaters Drowned.

ANN ARBoR, Mich, Dec. go Miss Ger.
trude NJ. Brunday, of Patchogue, L. l.,
and F. E. Dickinson, of Dubuque, Iowa,
the former q freshman in the medical
department, and the latter a junior in
the homeopathic school, were drowned
last night while skating on the river
about two miles from the city. Their
bodies have not yet been recovered.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Saw His Son Drown,

CAMDEN, N. j., Dec 26.-William w.
Hewitt, the 16-year-old son of w. j. D.
Hewitt, Inspector of the Nassau Gas
Light Company, of Brooklyn, was
drowned while skating on Evans Pond,
at Haddonfield. Mr.. Hewitt, who was
on visit to his son, was nearly drowned
IN endeavoring to rescue him.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
A Life Prisoner Dead,

MIDDLrTowN, N. Y, Dec. 26. News has
been received here of the death of Henry
7. Button, the Otsego county wife MUIR
derer, who was serving life sentence
at the Aubusn State prison. He dropped
dead of heart failure in the prison
kitchen. He was nearly 60 years old and
his relatives have claimed his body for
burial
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
New Ene1and,s Abandoned Farms,

HAvERHILL, N. H., Dec. 26.-The French
Canadians living near the State line are
said to be forming organizations to OBJ
tain many of the abandoned farms of
this State and Vermont. 1t is believed
that there will be considerable emigra-
tion from the lower part of Canada the
coming spring. Committees have been
sent to buy up abandoned farms.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Excellent Skating Tor Thousands,

ARDsLEY, N. Y, Dec. 90. Woodland
Lake in Ardsley Park is covered with
ice to a depth of 10 inches, and the
skating is excellent. Lovers of the ex-
ercise from all of the neighborlng viii
lagos are taking advantage of the oppor-
tunity offered them. The lake covers
about II acres, and would afford skating
grounds for many thousands.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
France Studying Naval Reform,

PARIS, Dec ga commission of the
French Chamber of Deputies is consider
ing the question of naval reform Ad.
miral WALTON stated before the Commits.
sion that with 400 torpedo boats the
coast of France would be practically in.
vulnerable. He expressed very little con.
fidence in the submarine torpedo boats.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Great Socialist Demonstration.

BRUSSELS, Dec 26-The funeral of the
noted Socialist Paepe took place during
the day, and was made the occasion of a
great Socialist demonstration. There
was an enormous concourse of people
in the procession that followed the body
to the grave. Five hundred Socialist as
sociations in all parts of Belgium were
represented by large populations with
bands and banners
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Masonic Temple Quilted by Fire.

BALTIMORE, Md, Dec. 26.-The Ma
sonic Temple on North Charles street
was Quilted by fire last evening. Flames
were discovered just before the matinee
at Forepaugh's Theatre, and loss of
$200,0UO resulted.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Celebrated Her 1ooth Birthday.

HARTFORD, Conn, Dec. 26.-Mrs. Emily
Taicott, of West Hartford, was 100 years
old yesterday. Several relatives and
friends were at her home during the day
and offered their congratulations. Mrs.
Talcott's mind is wonderfully clear and
her hearing is good, but her eyesight is
failing and she is rendered almost help
less by the breaking of her hip some time
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Emperor wilhelm's Visit to France.

PARIS, Dec 26.-The French Cabinet
has come to the opinion, after meeting
and discussion, that no objection can be
interposed to visit from the Germa n
Emperor; that he should be treated like
any other European sovereign visiting
France, and, if he comes incognite, his
desire to preserve that attitude should
ho raSpactad
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
Shot and Killed Himsalf.

NEW YORK, Dec. ga man who is
supposed to be Henry Ernst, committed
suicide in Union Square last night by
shooting himself. He died within 20
minutes at the New York Hospital.
From papers found in his possession he
was at one time in the Prussian infantry.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-12-26
The Entire Plant DESTROYED.

CINCINNATI, Dec. 90. Early in the
morning fire was discovered in the VAR
wig Manufacturing Company's establish
ment. The loss is estimated at SAC, 900,
and insurance about $4,000. The entire
plant was destroyed, but the building is
thought to be intact