The sun., 1890-07-20

lUul III 10 ~ tUe CdltIe uNnubISu UuL OOlONU.
Even in 1889 there were only about 725000.
OF these 100000 wero mich cows and the pro-
duction Of butter amounted to 1000 pounds,
while that Of cheese was comput ed at 3. 900 600.
Sheep raising has been moro successful. The
whole number Of sheep in California last y ear
was 4.O0O,0J0. thrce-fourths Of which were
hch-Rrade mernos. Tho wool clp in 1880
reached $4,000 tons. after which. however it
declined. The average price OF California
wool for dozen years has exceeded 10 cents
n pound. The Spanish horse. introduced by
Cortez into Mexico aud theIce into California.
is neither honest nor gentle. 1t s small and
deficient in strength and beauty and Ii 5e fitted
for cart or plough. Through admix cure with
the larger, stronger. and finer American breeds
the native mustang stock was by Il 81 reduced
TO less than a fourth of tho 237.TCD shown by
the census of 1880. The same census placed
tho number OF mules and assRs at 2S.300.
Draught oxen are scarcely at all used We
may add that the number Of wine increased
from =, 700 in 1850 to 6035O0 In 1880.
When we consider how young is the State Of
California and how strong are the motives
prompting her citizens to seek other fields OF
activity. we are surprised at the measure OF do
velopment attained by her manufactures. In
1880 there were no fewer than $500 manufac-
turing establishments, employing 43, 700 hands.
and annually consuming raw material valued
at s72.G0o,0o0. The value OF tho finished prod
uctS put forth in 1889 arhounted o $lG0 900 900.
Flour is the principal manufactured article,
but good deal OF capital is also invested in
meat packing. in the tanning Of leather. the
refining OF sugar, ani in the manufacture OF
fnnnels plankets, End clothing. The Califor-
mia blankets have q. world wide reputation.
The movement OF shipping In the port OF San
Francisco has been subject TO striking fluctua-
- o =.
city Of the Unite d States in respect OF tonnage
entries. For the year ending June 30 1851. the
entries were S'l. with an aggregate tonnage Of
2jS.000 The Subsequent decline in immigra-
tion and placer mining had ma urally an effect
on shipping which fell oil RAPIDLY after 1S53
until 1t sank to $4,000 tons for 1878. With
the gradual increase Of population and OF prod
ucts, especially of cereals. it began to rise
again. Until over 1,O00,0O0 tons were recorded
for ISL Then followed a decrease. however.
TO less I nan 00N0 tons for 1852 Tho fall
Ing off is largely due to overland railway COM
petition. We have thus far been speaking OF
the tesde with foreign countries. The regis
tere1 coastinG vessels in 1SS1-2 numbered SS7.
vita a total tonnage Of 2l1.000. The passage
OF che average sailing vessel from New York
to San Francisco used to be $50 days but he
Trade Wind made the return voyage in IS
days. In 1860 the voyage from San Francisco
10 Liverpool was completed in SG4 days. Tho
freight demanded by such clipper ships rulod
for a long time at $50 per ton on certan goods,
which was three or four times the rate which
had been paid for the same distances
The first immigrants from China to modern
California were two men and one woman, who
landed in 1913. Three years later the Chinese
mn, nhara ra5 A md ~ 1870 thav m
increased to 1900. Mr. Bancroft says that
about 1876 whom the labor troubles COM
mcnced in San Francisco there were 1l6 900
Chinese in California, and probably l5100O in
the United States. most OF whom we're on the
Pacific coast. 1t is not believed that the census
OF 1890 will slow anything like such figures.
The author OF this volume recalls the interest
ing fact that in 1852 1t was propoSed In Cali
fornia to hold Cinnamon as apprentices, and
in the following year resolution OF tho Sem
ate asked the President to appoint n COmmi5-
sioner TO China to negotiate upon the subject
1t is needless 10 say that this attempt
to introduce tho coolie system failed 1t seems
that the opposition to Chinese immigration
came in the first instance almost entirely from
white men who had moved from the Southern
States to California. Afterward OF course, the
exclusion OF the Chinese became the common
object Of all white worklngmsn in the State.
According to Mr.. Bancroft. the Chinese who
were already domiciled in California were far
from being dspleascd at the barrIng-out OF
their compatriOts. being quite rs much opposed
as Europeans to an inflow Of competitors. No
sooner was the prohibition Of immigration en-
forced than the Chinese In San Francisco
raised the price OF domes 10 service.
Tho new Constitution. which grew out OF the
labor movement, was framed for the purpose
OF making the rich pay their share OF tax alton.
OF controlling corpo ations. of correcting the
revenue system and OF eIualzinG the rights
OF tho people. Mr.. Bancroft SAWS that in each
of these designs it has failed. 1t has achieved
nothing which few amendments of the old
Constitution might not have accomplished.
The relation OF capital and labor Is eyen more
strained than it was before he adoption OF the
new organic law. The State Board OF hallway
commissioners. from which so much was ex
pected il. wo are told aS wax In the hands OF
the companies it was set TO watch. 1t cannot.
on tho other hand be said that the new Con-
stituton has checked the progress OF the State.
which, by virtue OF its natural resources has
advanced in spite Of political blunderings.
Mr. bancroft estimates tho total yield OF the
Comstock lode from 1850 to 1880 at $3jO.OO0,-
0G0, from which has been raid in dividends
about $4,000 I0Ol onset hy assessments aR-
total value OF more than f3OOOVO.uOO In Janu-
9ry ls7y, the markel price Of shares Ge in the
ep ing OF 1885, rose In the autumn Of the same
yrUr 10 nearly $iOOOOOG0 and In April. $780,
had again dropped to 10 than t3,UOOOOu:
According TO the Hu nor there are still good
many persous who G ing to sha ss In mites
which they believe TO DO In tne bonan2a reg on.
but which Mother pay dividends nor do anything
but levy Assessment On tile douded stock |
holders The value OF eXpert testimony may
Ia measured by the fact that in 1874 one
Ihllip Ieldesheln0r asserted that there was
Ioady sh pw4 IN the two mines. aliornia and
-Oidaled Virginia l.iOO OOO QUO. and that
every share IN those mines was worth 45OOO |
Not many years later II was possible TO buy . |
share forSA, In a footnots 10 tho chapter on
mining Nj. Bancroft enumorates many OF the |
largest gold nuggets found in California. In |
$50. al baltimore Taylie, near Auburn, some |
AuslTianS found u y eco ~ quartz containing |
nihely-soyen pounds II pure go Il. valued ut
AlHuOD ia 1868 n lump Of gold worth $4,000 |
was found IN n claim on Remington lill, In |
Nevada county. Finally, IN 1873, chunk OF
gold yaluO at $50 900 was found IN the claim |
Of Chinese company at h0ore's Flat