The Irish standard., 1890-09-13
THE DUKE OF YORK.


Nh IHE ID . Iz.E OF YORK.
He Founded the Empire State .
s.tsi ~, the Union.
ffae second Son Of Charles the First, II.
was the First fish Prince Who Made
Study Of This Country His Plans 10,
I'll. Future. ..4!
IN 1854 the Dutch were ousted from
what they termed the New Netherlands
by the English, who gave the territory
she name OF New York, in honor Of the
Duke of York, their leader and the
second son Of Charles I. of England,
who had secured q charter from the
Crown. He was q staunch Catholic
and as such appointed to positions
only those of his own religion. He
was the first English prince from the
days of Henry VII. who as sovereign OF
before accession to the throne showed
shy interest in American affairs, saw
what. by adopting proper policy,
might be effected to give England tbs
control of North America. His exper-
Sence and reading in France and Spain
allowed him that tho country on the
Hudson was the key of the future. If
France obtained it from Holland by
sorce or treaty, the English colonies
were cut asunder, and France obtained
control of the continent. England's
policy was to act promptly and secure
It. The counsellors Of Charles H.
ware won to his plans. The territory
from the Connecticut to the Delaware
was granted to James as the province
Of New York. In 1864 he sent ont an
expedition in royal vessels which took
possession and put al end to the Dutch
colony Of New Netherlands. The coun-
sry was laid off into counties which
still bear the names then giyen-Kings
and Queens in honor Of King Charles
and his wife Gatherings Dukes and
Duchess, in honor Of himself and Mary
of Modeaa; New York, Albany and
Ulster, to commemorate his titles;
Orange, to mpliment his treach-
srous son-in-law William. He grad
uaily introduced English systems and
from the laws in force in New England,
Virginia and Maryland complied very
wise code known as the Dukes Laws.
He sent out able and intelligent gov
srnors, ono of them Thomas Dongan,
sttsrward Earl of Limerick, farsighted,
active and capable, who convened the
hrst legislative assembly. It established
popular rights and religious liberty,
organized courts which subsisted to
our day. Dongan also raised New York
and Albany to the grade of cities,
giving eac b charter.
James secured grant on this Penob~
scat to check French progress in that
direction; hs assigned New Jersey to
ynen who undertook to settle it; he
aided William Penn to obtain his char
ter, and induced noblemen to obtain e
.ch ar ter for Carolina and settle the lands
south Of Virginia.
BY this masterly policy England con-
trclled the whole coast from Nova
Scotia to Florida. James plans went
FURTHER. He resolved to keep France
north of the great lakes aud make them
shs boundary. Through the able Don
gan he controlled the five Iriguois ma
sions, to make them barrier
against the French. Had his plan
been followed up England would
have possessed the country which
afterward became the United States,
and Canada would have FALLEN
without blow. To mould the English
into one vast province under
a single code of laws was his next plan
"a sch eme realized in 1916. James, SO
far az his American policy was. con-
oerned, stands as the ablest Of English
salsrs, the only. one who formed any
plans for the future greatness of the
country or took any steps to effect it.
The Revolution of 1883 drove him
II ON the throne Of England, and placed
upon it William III, who endowed
England with a national debt and a
standing army. American policy he
had none He maze. Massachusetts, a
royal province with a governor ap-
pointed by him; he left New York to
snarchy which led to an invasion
Canada and the bloody massacre
OF Laohine so terribly .atoned for
mt Schenectady; he sent over
worthless governor who signed
. death warrant while drunk; he
hsrassed William Penn and deprived
Lord Baltimore of his province. He
involved all the colonies in his Euro
pean wars. Besides this man James
sises to heroic proportions, yet there
arc. American writer's aping English
Wings who extol William and depreci-
ave James.
Treating Of him a. the founder Of on
of our States, his career in England,
his attempt to regain the throne by a
in ireland, or his life in
exile at ST. German, whore he die
eeptember 16, 1701, need not DO FOL.
lowed.
THE DOMiNlCANS.
The Society Founded in 1918 by St
Dominic de Guzman.