davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13
CONCERNING NINE. rsHsaalNovA
Her Litter To- the Cartier Fate Discusso.
by q Russian Woman-E Russian Progress.

Her Litter to- the Cartier Fate Discussed
by q Russian woman Russian Progress.
Special Correspondence
NEW Y0as. April s-Ihe following, under
Sc Petersburg date, is one Of toe latest dis
patches bearing on the case Of Nine. Ishebri-
kova:
"It is reported that Nine. Tshebrikoya, the
Russian laiy vho recently wrote letter TO
tho car calling attention Co the political sit
uaiion of the country, has been secretly con-
duciei TO Siberia
Another report received here states that
Mime. T.hobrsova was released by order Of
the ear. and that the ear wrote upon the
margin oi the letter sent him by Nine Isne-
brikova: This is bitterly written. Never
theie,s. the author can.ue left alone
The arrest OF this Russian woman journal
let has caused good deal of erroneous COM
ment Of late Tine arrest u Mi,- Tshebri-
kora-for the lady has never been mar
riel-is fact easily explained; no private
individual is allowed t1 address the ear on
matters of national moment nor petition bis
majesty ON anything tut that individuals
personal affairs. Violating this rule was i'm
itself revolutionary proceeding that could
not boz overlooked ln woman 0f such vide
requirements as Miss IshobrikoVa undoubted-
U.s. is IT, consideration OF this don't doubt
that even were the emperor inclined % over
lo0.. the matfer-a, one version of the above
telegram states-stiil bee would be- di,suaded
from such course by the minister OF the
interior. The most probable development Of
oh. D.. NfI-. 'I-HaI.rtLs..ua
woall Doe sent into temporary exile 90 some
distant town of the north OF European Rus
sia. where her incouvenIently liberal views
would not be- likely 90 "contaminate" many
people. the country there being very sparse
Is settled. of course she would not be allowed
10 write for the press-at least not over her
own name.
As TO the other contingency deporta'
ton Of the lady 90 SiOeria-it is hardly worth
considering 40 all. unless, indeed, the coutro-
yersy about the affair brings % light some
additional act ~ Miss Ishebrlkoya that would
lead the authorities 20 adopt such course. II
may be- argued that Russians have been sent tc
Siberia for lesser oiFenscs; but that was done
in cases that had not attained such widespread
notoriety, and were often the result OF that
hi'1l ""N'i 't- N'iNAi -NllNlf " ii4-'.-N' -"
the part Of some oilicili-a mistake which
the higher authorities 50 seldom find time e
rectify, though an innocent mans liberty and
even life be 40 stake.
That Miss Isheblikova is not exactly a IA.
vorite with the Rusian authorities can easily
b. surmised: but unless deportation TO Sibe-
ria makes a martyr Of her DO not see how.
her influence could be considered dangerous
by the most short sighted officials. Mis-
Tshebrikoya is talented, clever writer; she
Is much read by her contemporaries, but
scarcely POSSESSES any influence with the
young generation OF Russians; the fact Is
that the lady is fair representative OF a
generation OF Russians that Is RAPIDLY pass
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13
THE LATEST IN JEWELS.

There ere sa'e sln0rh combs 90 be seen
nowalay-, notwithstanding the vogue of
the Catogm braid These are of amber shell
with mounts Of large pearls sal round with
smaller diamonds, or varied now and then by
rubles and euarals
One of tAe most artistic collarcttes IS Of
diamonds nos too .sr-esst in diamond shaped
forms of silver tae points touching on the
alternate points. Above and below rests "a
pearl THE chevron effect of this piece was
novel and attractive.
White linen effects appear in sleeve but
tons. They are oval in formand have "a single
diamond ruby or emerald sunk 10 thocenter
Other sleeve button. are found in tle round
designs having precious stone set in the
center OF gold wheels and spirals
Flexible gold moshos furnish the setting for
"a great dead of jewelry, especially when it
takes thc form of necklaces and bracelets. or
bands for Che hair These are sewn with
gems, which The mcshos are supposed 20 hold;
the idea IS agreeable as well as artistic
A novelty in the form Of o watch is a spray
Of roses The stem IS made OF diamonds and
serves % fasfen the spray on the breast. In
tAe heart OF tho rose, which soi pink enamel,
q watch is cunuinely inserted. Lifting tho
rose, which is AeXible, ono discorns the time
CLASPS prevail in rounded FORMS The CEN
Ter, for example, Is pearl surrounded by al
ternate ruDlel and pearls, or a diamond is the
piece do resistance, and emoralds or sap
phlrcs alternate about 10. This form is greatly
used be looping zap the fes'oons Of pearls or
OF gold Ia forming necklaces jewelers. Cir
clllqr
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

,.,,o and clumsy a.. perhaps, an mems sad-
' a. ar, bnf her divided bicycle gown fell In
,',occful folds 20 her feet, and the appearance
from the side was that which IL presented 10y
tho ordinary equestrienne.
A. Mis-. Jcnncss rode around the ring the
riding master gave rs his views upon her APP
nearance and STYLE Of horsemanship.
"She looks WELL - said Re. better than she
does the other way, but She doesn't feel 81
we'll The easiest way in the world 70 ride,
continued the riding master, sis the woman
way. provided a woman knows how 70 81
her horse"
.'But.n interposed ono Of Miss Jenness
companions. doesn't the fashionable ieni'
nine way of riding always on one sac pro
duce a one sided figure. .,.-
orr,do,i,tediv.n replied this wise teacher
81 lor.enanship: undoubtedly ~ does, il
ono rides much: bat every woman ought 10
learn ms my pupil Miss Bracket did and ride
IN both sides. That would necessitate two
.,ddlo.. but the results attained would more
tban compensate for the trouble and ex-
pense.
"Dont vouthink IT'S n modest way toridef
timidlv inquired one Of tine ladies.
"Moiosi SO he echoed: why, Of course it's
modest. but Dr. is an awful hard way 90 ride,
aud YOU won't get women to take TO b..
That 10 was bard, liis, Jonness omphati-
caHy assonted as she di-mounted from her
horsea and somewhat sthly assembled the Stair
90 the dressing room, but she was still un.
shaken in her conviction that the present way
cf riding was incorrect upon physiological
principles.
The ubiquitous reporter got hold Of Mis-
Jennoss' secret through her riding master,
and after he was interviewed Miss Jenness
turn came.
She could not deny Chat she had ridden
astridc. and ready minds leapad 90 quick con.
illusions. Miss Jeuue-s is represented as moi
only proficient in The art uf riding "acros'
back but her style Of habit Is even de-
scribo1. whereas. iu truth, tue only habit she
owns is Of the conventional type. Exactly
what She would wear should sine innovate a
new custom of eque-tranism IS as much ar
m.olvcd problem Doc her mind as bier neXl
winters carriage costume. III She rod.
asirile. She certainly w0uh have 10 wear q
bimrcati garment. and no doubt c0ulf
evolve from her fertile brain "a costume n
once artistic and hyc'enic; hut she bias al
present other matters under consideration.
She is not nimi Of those prudcs, eithoi
masculine or feminine, VINO hold mp thoii
bands in horror at the idea of w0mms pre-
summing 90 depart from established customs
She has tho courage of her convictions. bu
size viii be- well established 100 her own mnt
as 20 the feasibility ~ amy course She adopts
before .ie poses before the world as authority
on ihe subject.
II Miss Jcnnc.s should ultimately decide tr
ride a.trlc. sine win not. as has been ini
mated. advertise the date of her appearance
ia Che park. LAURA 6iDDlNGs.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

II you see two old hunters going out for
game in company you viii observe that they
never interfere with one another. New men,
those who are just serving their apprentice
ship, are usually anxious % Doe ahead. They
want the credit Of being the first % see tho
game. They want also, perhaps, tine first
shot They do not consider that ii two heads
come in sighs over a ridge the chances thar
they viii be observed are just twice as great
as If only one appears. They seem TO think,
too, that Providence is looking out for them
in some especial way, and that game viii be-
deaf and blind TO their blunders, though fully
alive o. those of others. Old hunters act very
differently
1t is understood by them that the man who
is ahead is 70 do the hunting. The one be-
hind, while keeuly scanning the country %
sec anything that may present itself, and
which may have escaped the eye OF his COM
panion, never interfercs with him, but awaits
his directions lie is ready at a sign 70 creep
up behind bis leader and shoot, or ho "a
equally prepared to lie down where he is, and
TO wait there for an is-cduite time, or De
will make a long round 10 start the game by
giving il his wind OF showing himself 70 10, SO
as 70 drive IL IN some desired direction. For
the time being the man who is in the lead isa
commander, and il the two have hunted IN
company often enough TO understand each
other, they work together with most perfect
system Forest and Stream.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13
STRANGE BURIAL CUSTOMS.

The Tlibatians cut in pieces the bodies Of
their dead and threw them into the lases To
feed The fish,
Theanciont Bactrlans suffered the bodies of
tle.r departed relatives % be eaten boy dogs
specially kept for Tine purpose
The early Normen used % place the
Viking a bis ship and "soni him flaming oat
% scan with 0h hI, belongings
The Philippians disposed of the dead either
by throwing them into the river or by pre-
serving them in their houses in statues OF gold
or baked clay
Tho Babyi0nians embaimei their dead i'm
honey aud di-couutcnauc. cremation, which
they believed 90 be- nothing less than sacri-
lego to the sun.
The Guanchca. the aboriginal inhabitants
Of the Canary Islands. iudey elbalmcd their
corpsos, drying tlo bodies in Tie air and COW
cring them with varuish.
The raluolthic cave jewellers Of France
and Belgium buried their dead in natural
grOitos aud creViees of the rocks similar 90
those n which they lived
The Paru,.ans appear % have presery cd
the b0lie, %. their incas after the Egyptian
fashion, and in early times mummle, seem To-
have bad an abiding place in Mexico.
The Greeks Of old uere enioinei by Jaw 20
burn the dead. ami the Romans. who in the
time of the republic had inferred their dead,
adopted the Greean usage in the days of
Suila.
The Parsecs lay their dead on ia klamas
.... e..
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13
lIns B. MAcGAHAN.
A snail's Mouth.

The mouth Of the snail is armed with very
formidable instrument. in the shape of a zee
mar.able saw like tongue. Probably you
have, 40 come time or another, noticed how
Clearly cut are tine edges of leaf upon which
a snail has been RECALLING himself 10 IS diiii-
cult 90 imagine how such q soft and labof
looking animal cal have made such clean il-
cisi0ns But with an examination of the cute
ting instrument concealed in bis mouth, Wol-
Der ON this score vanishes TO resembles o.
lone. narrow ribbon, COLI I'm such manner
that only small portion of DO is called into
use at once Tricky distributed over the on-
tire surface Of this ribbon are am immeusa
number of excessively sharp little teeth, de-
signed in a manner which admirably adapls
them % the purpose for which they are in.
tended
The quantity Of these teeth is incredible
ono species, for instance, has been mdlsputa.
bis proved 90 possess as many as $1,000 OF
them. The reason for their disposition on
c0iled. rihbon-like surface lies boz the fact tlat
by use they become worn away AS this hap
pens. the ribbon is uuco.lel, and the teeth
which before were wrapped up in Dc, at tHo
back of tie snails mouth, come forward t1
take the place Of those which have served
their turn Tile upper part of the moi-h
consists of "a horny surface against which the
sharp toothed tongue WORKS. A leaf which
Is 90 bee operated upon is caught between t-e
two. and subjected % a regular iile-A.e rasp-
ing ON tue part of the tongue So effective
an instrument does this form that tle tough
leaves Of the liy may often be- found To- l8
entirely raspal of by it.-L0ngmans.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13
Buried standing.

One Of the early settlers OF Oscoda county,
Mich, made peculiar request when be died
a few years ago. For some time before his
death his stock was being stolen, either by
men or bears, and the old mans mind was
affected By BIS loss. He asked that ne be
hurled standing, on the east side OK tree
which grew on a kill overlooking his farm.
From this position he hoped TO detect the
thieves. And no has KEEP, the ground round
about VOL dug up, because be said that bis
savings were bid near By. People have con-
Guided that no made mistake concerning the
money, but no cattle thloyos have Leen there
s.ncs his burial. Chicago Herald.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

hmoke'ess powder may honcef0rih be re-
earded as ihe chief explosive Tor use nswar.
AZ the recent maneuvers of the French army
% was given thorough test, and the results
attained proved both surprising and Salts
Factory The day uas bright and clear. the
ground firm and tAe conditions favorable for
toe employment OK AN the tactics used IN tie
conduct oi sham battle. Infantry com
pauies, concealed m ihe brush, poured rapid
fire upon tlclr opponents without disclosing
their whereabouts while troops la tho omen
could not conceal their movement, under Tine
customary clouds ~ smoke. "Niilaiu0us salt
peter has had iis day The smokeless powder
that succeeds 20 promises 10 be a more effect
i've ana less apparent instrument Of des,ruc
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

CAS- have done for Guatemala SO viii do
Cor all % ne declared with that superb opium
Ism which was his creed, aud placing himself
at the head Of his army he started on his mis-
sion 10 subiugate Salvador, Costa Nca and
Nicaragua. Honduras was already his vassal
His soldiers were trained. loyal and enthusi-
astic. Ii looked as though he would sweep
through those countries Ikea whirlwind, anu
that a great reform was imminent
But his star Of destiny had set.
AT the very first battle on the frontier ~
l,alyAlor he was slain. his soldiers rciused 40
follow any other leader, and the wheels ~
progress were blocked With Barrios died
The dream Of a union Of the Central American
states
II the reader Of this letter had Travelled, as
have done, through the five republics and
soon the iethafgy and inerinc,S Of the people,
he could almost wish that Barrios had lived 20
accomplish bis SELF imposed task and satisfy
his splendid ambition. Terrible as were his
methods. they are the only ones that Will
force the people % develop this country and
themselvea, and until another Barrios shall
come up tie idea Of a federation of the Cen
tral American states is Ike unto a castle In
Spain.
R@i 'N"'f 'N tN' +'Nt' 'N'tiii - Ni' l'tA
at which one disombarks 20 visit Guatemala.
1t Is the largest and most hourlshlng OF tho
soa towns On the Central American coast.
which, however, Is not saying Il great deal
II Is blessed with fine iron pier, few
official and seni-oiicial buildings, a railway
station, and Is backed by an Indian village
OF five o. six hundred inhabitants. A train
for Guatemala CITY leaves every morning
The distance is ninety miles, the elevation
1900 feet nearly all Of which is made during
the final ran Of thirty miles The journey.
consuming six hour, is one Of extreme inter-
est. Breakfast /, served at the picturesque
town Of Esculntla, IN a cool patio, under
superb palm trees, and the food Is delicious,
abundant and admirably cooked
There Is no "ten minutes for Refreshments"
The train waits nearly an hour for you b en-
10Y your mesi. aud then 70 saunter out auonS
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

RICHMOND & DANYILLE R, R.
AND SOUTHWEST
SCHEDULE EFFECT FEB. lG 1890.
NIcnMONn.


TRAIN No. ~. $50 \. NJ. an,
c,orrruFRN EXPRESS, daily, for panfille'
- Greensboro Winston-~alem, luiha,,,n'
tsatcioh Randicmnn. salisbury. Nshet lilc'
ffot Strings. Charlotte. 'olumhia. Alh.n'
n1Sust4. Atlanta. BIrmincham' Monisoin-
80 Nev Orleans, Texas. ana lnnioiliH.
,iin.n uoiacc sloeplng-cnfs itcninonn l'
neuVilln and DluyIlle % AsnefiAe, Augusta
ittrnofnchaun. aud Sew Orleans.
''' TRAfN 40 %. 100 A. ". 49,.
rrper<TAA AND NORTH CAROLINA Eh-
Y pRfSs. dailv for Burkovillc, nii stl-
ti,,n. On me Norfolk and western ha'iioan
fvncLfurr. knoxville, CHATTANOOGA Mc,l-
ms and Nashville. also Tor Ntlel Il.f
tlarksviiIe. oxford. Henderson. nniiiaii'
ana Raleigh. This tram goes 'hiooAn So''
10 i'"'''7'' TRAIN so. 90. NJ.
rraSr NAIL. daily. for nu poin.s on ln'
/ Farnviilc and fOWhoinn tiHlllotn' lun-
Vile. Greensboro. Ninsion-raien' .'i.. ~
Charlotte AShevillC. Columbia, AUGUSTA
Atlanta Rirminan1m. Montgomery. NeW
Orleans IaNns. end lulliofnin. tnilNi'll
palace .ieanug-cars nanvi ie io Augusta am
Atlanta. and at 6rccnsDofosicepei VA Anie-
VILE % MOulsioWn. Tenn.
TffATN No. 40 q T.. NJ
A NFIIN AClOMODAIlON. daily, except
= sunday. Tor Amelia Courthouse ana ih-
TRAiN so. u. 6.2O An.
IUONFk lUDAi. daily. except SUNDAY
I freight train with coach iiihchrli loi
clover. Va. and intermediate points.
ARRIVE AT RICHMOND,
Train so. 53 at 5.i5 A. NJ No 81 at i;lo
f.. ~. 40. % ut $40 j. NJ. ana no. II at SD
A. NJ.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13


NEW YORK April s.-The corner where
Fila Wheeler Wilcox docs her writing is "a
pretty place. hut -he doesn't shut herself up
in % dungeon alone to compose her poetry, for
th'sis in one corner OF ler parlor On The
table are many dainty, w0maniy trhes. A
fur rug is on tie floor under her dainty little
wicker rocAnr chair. and beside the table is
a large easy clair. where ! suspect her hu,-
band i- accustomed 10 SID % chat with her
when le IS at home.
TIE rest of the pari0r is filed with lovely
things piano stands in one corner; "a coy
lounge. piled high with splendid cushions. "a
chiauey piece filled with Drouzes and other
mnciai riAe. drarerla- of plush, Of br0ca-
telie. aud oIi tue things now considered ueces
sarr for handsome pafIor, but all somehow
partakng something of her own nature.
Taore are p.ctures. plaques and cabinets,
r0.iore. ari elaborate ottomans. but each
and every thing melt, into the other SO that
tho whole picture would not be complete IL
ono thing was lacking Opening from her
rari0r D. vista of other rooms. each n-
dainty. as luxurious ami inviting as the first.
and all showing beer loveof beauty and care
and love of order unexpected in poet. Not
one of ler pictures has ever done her justice,
for nothing cam show her in her own home,
uher. She IS at her best and brightest
The afternoon when ] visited hcr noticed
that slo grew yis.by sad. and two or three
time. saw Der lips ircmble and tears hil her
eyes in spite of herself, and rose % go, fear
m1 uas in some way intrudiug, but she
finally ..owuoi up that her husband was 90
Leave that evening for the west On four
months trip on bis business, aud that She
..noe.r could get used To having him 60.
Hs bias large interests in a silver ware fac
tors. ahichrequ.re hs supervision. Presently
he came home. aul confessed TO feeling a
"lid.o blue, and .e.t them to their grief
for thor DO maaltet'y was Ina these dny-
such condlc. n folks married six years IS
rsrrelenahe. uut mexpressi0ly sweet and
t.r.air., MARY BRfNNA.
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

While q few cards were purchases az other
season. OF the year. tine bulk al 'h.s sort Of
luxury was rdu-al in during the three
month. manuel above fnr'srs o. knee why
cue earl business should Doe SO much more
prosperous in the senate just al that time,
made inquiry of one of the senate employees.
"Why don't you see,n replied be-, ''tlat IS
the social season, and the wives aud daugn-
tiers Of senator's send % as the orders Tor
lheir calling cards, and we give the order 20
,he engrager and pay for 10 out Of senate
funds charging The cost Of the cards 10 tho
stationery account Of the senator. a few
years ago we had printed 40 one order 5000
cards for the family Of a certain senator,
with five engraved plates.
For SD many cards there must bea few card
cases. aud ia the statloner's account / find
many such entries as this. 40 doz. card
cases, Sl5545" Nice pocketbooks are also
affected Uy the millionaire club. as such en-
tries as toe following would Indicate. - doz.
pocketb0oks, SiOSlj.n Pocket knives are
likewise popular and expensive, per such en-
tries as 80 ( doz pocket knives, S356O0.n
ny doz pocket knives, SOS ~ - and ~2li5
doz. NostenhOlm penknlyes. sJlsi9.n The
senate appears % be an Industrious user Of
the shears, for notice many such entries as
these in the account books: SIS doz. pairs
shears, $780,, "0il doz pairs scissors,
SJSil,' and 80 cases scissors, Sl5s.cln Or
do the shears aud the scissors, ike the cards
and card cases. find their way TO the homes OF
scnafOrsl
Here are some entries In the account which
viii explain themselves:
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13
The LADY, WHO RIDES AsTRlOe.
Miss Mabel ,Jcnness' Side Of the story Of
Her Innovation,

NEW Yong. April Sit is a matter of
deep regret 10 the many friends of Miss Ma
bel Jenness. who know her TO Doe "a young WOO
man of the greatest refinement and NOT at AID
a seusational,t, ass well as 20 herself, that she
should be presented, through misunder
standing of her present position toward Tie
much discussed Riding Question as a per-
son seeking notorieiy.
Miss Jcnness is always interested ia im-
proved physical conditions During the past
winter she has been a regular attendant az "a
well known riding school for exercise, and
has always sat her horse in the conventional
manner and costume. Watching the class
constantly it dawned upon her mind that the
present method of women riding s'dewi,e
was attended with difficulties, leaving one set
Of muscles completely inert. Again, one
sided development of the body is natural
consequence OF always riding upon the right
side. the right leg becomes affected and weak.
anal
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

o.. adjacent coffee groves. chat win 'ne
seaoritas or seek information from '''' '.'"'
cous soldiery about Tho officers WIZ 'o'
Won many Things Of interest One 49,
vino ,yos condensed encyclopedia. ""a'o
,,,.la ao,or he said. "has "a population or =
million and "A hall. and OF that NUM-, ~
. million a.e Of pure Indian blood. II ms a
= 49,. ~ fvc millions year. 80 costs TOT
'.'..,,,,,c,,, over four millions annually. ana
,n,ll,on for the service Of IT'S national
debt ,.....
F. nrincipai products are coffee and sugar.
S,ncs the DAYS Of Barrios 10 has been very
,rod,c,ive. II has many schools and eiuca'
lion is compulsory There are IN Dua'en'a''
coffee fncas producing from Hx TO sixteen
,hoasond centals If coffee year. "nicn
r,o.ns a yearly iucomc 90 tie owner OF from
ef,v 10 ono hundred thousand dollars 81
,o, can s.e some men in this country arc
v.rv rich. Along the line Of this railway
from the coast 20 the lake, is one vast sugar
plantation. and the people are now on I','
sonablv prosperous. Over there 81 q s't'''.
plantation which nets It's owner from su-'
M 900 pc,os annually. and makes a neiu'' ' p
home" glanced boz the o"ec'''i p. ...,',,.l,
aud sawatypical Guaten'i'" '.' 49,
my ever ready camera "Io"e"' '" ...,
~. ,...,,ancncv. Thus wc chaiiei uhlii
,be warming whistle Of the locono.'F' ''''''
me arav. and in few minutes "e began our
,..arv ascent tO thcco0ler elevation OBJ 'uAle
nala CITY. We passed the large Indian VII
lace Of Palm. with iis strange traditions t"e
people still speaking language ana wearing
The times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1890-1903, 1890-04-13

~ 7'T7'7-77' VI
a costume peculiarly their own Up and mp
we 20. making an ascent Of 300 feet in less
than twelve miles. and reaching no last the
magnificent Lake Of Amatltlan. nesting IN
the mountain top. and in its placid beauty
resembling somewhat one Of the larger Italian
lakes. For half dozen miles we skirted this
sheet of water. and then another hour brought
Ms in sight of the one fine city Of the five re-
rnblics FREDERICK w. WHlIE.