Audubon County Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Audubon Co., Iowa) 1885-1894, 1890-06-05
NOTES FOR HUSBANDMEy.
An Hour With the Busy Farmer and
tho Housewife.
fducation No,dod for tho Dairy Bu,insls- =
Disease, Of tn, Potato Hou,s Plant, in
GUNNER Look After the Bes-Farm and
Househcl Notes and Hints.
Dairy Education.


Tho capital invested In the dairy
interests OF the state OF Now York, Is
estimated at 800 0OO,0 900. Tho profit
which hor dairymen aud farmers
derive from the inves tment, is much
smaller than IL might he, Neither In
quantity nor IN quality, are tho prod
ucts what thoy ought to be, aud what
is true of Now York In this regard. Is
true in other dairy states, Tho CO.
operative creamery system, Is. where's
ever IL Is introduced, improving the
yield. Tho slovculy processes OF but
ter making praclicod by farmers at
home, by which buttor OF all grades
and much OF IL below gr de, was pro-
duced, have been replaced by the
olcanly, systematic modern methods OF
tho factory, and higher prices aud
corrospondingly larger profits are
realized.
But II creamery can be successfully
maintained only In community where
number OF well-stocked adjacent
farms exist Where these farms are
scattered, rs Is frequently the ease, tho
butter Is made at home; whoro Mother
the theory or the practice Of the art Is
understood. How To reach these farms,
how to instruct their inmates, reform
their butter processes and improve
their productsP Those are folt TO be
questions OF cardinal Importance,
Here as elsewhere among those who
ifFn ntA In.
difference are tho great obstacles 10
overcome, Ignorance Of the lundar
mental principles OF milk. buttor and
cheese production. and Indifference us
to tho Importance Of n careful obsorv.
anco OF the principles,
The great dairy county of Cheshire,
In England has u Dairy Institute, the
sessions Of which are held on farms en-
gagged for tho purpose, But two III
structors are needed during the season,
the manager, gentlem IN, who
teaches cheose-malSing and the butter
teacher VINO is II lady With tho view
OF bringing the advantages of tho In
stituto within tho roach OF all, the
terms are $3.50 per week.
scab In tho Potato.
Some very interesting experiments
have been conducted 10y Prof j. G.
Arthur OF the New York experimental
station at Geneva, on the cause of the
trouble known M the scab In tho pota-
TO. This has boon believed 10 be due
to fungus action, or TO minute Insects.
the believers In neither being able, ~
Prof. Arthur suggests. TO give any ron
son for the faith that Is In them The
author reminds us that n potato may
lie for days exposed to the full sun,
aud yet not shrink In the slightest do.
gree. II will resist the most cXsiccat-
ing efforts TO induce evaporation He
finds this 10 result from tho imporvious
character OF the thin skin covering
tho tuber. IL IN In n delicate layer Of
cork. The cells composing IL are Hat,
In seven or moro layers, fitting togeth-
or 80 closely ms to leave no spncs boz
tween, and without u trace Of the
starchy matter so abund mt In tho
great mass Of the potato tuber. II is the
destruction Of these cells that causes
the scab. No trace OF fungus growth
appears through any Of the destructive
stages, nor is there any trace OF insect
depreciation. just what does bring
about tho destruction Of the colts Prof.
Arthur was not able TO discover; but
IL Is certainly neither OF the Influences
that have been attributed 10 IT, SO
far NJ his observations won't, no
found more scab In potatoes where
stable manure had boon employed ns
n fertilizer than elsewhere. This leads
him TO suppose that II IL some chem
zeal element combating the water
proof character OF the cuticle that
causes tho trouble. just rs In other
dcrmic wounds, the potato has the
power Of healing these by forming
new skin under that which has been
destroyed, by transforming the starch
bearing cells To- these Hat, corky ones.
This can readily be shown by macerat-
ing II potato In water when tho scab Is
pushed of, and the cloar, smooth
skin exposed beneath.
Enemies OF the Cabbage.
The caterpillars OF the cabbage
moth do great mischief by eating the
hearts Of the cabbagcs and cauilow.
ers, rendering them totally unfit for
use. Manipulating and busting the
plants with newly Stacked lime are the
best means by which these destructive
insects can be kept in check. Another
Insect Injurious 10 the leaves, and es-
pecinlly 80 TO cabbage ana broccoli. Is
n minute fly. ID Is very abundant from
midsummer to tho end OF autumn. and
from going through all OF Its changes
In less than "a month, its numbers In
crease with alarming rapidity. Cut
ting off and burning the infected
leaves is the only way OF arrest
ing It's progress. There are several
other kinds OF caterpillars besides
the above which attack the cabbage
tribe. all of which may be kept in
check by judicious hand-picking.
Snails and slugs attack all the varie-
ties OF cabbage. and frequently prove
very destructive. The best mode of
destroying them consists In busting
the plants and ground about them with
newly slaked lime or fresh sawdust.
The formation OF protuberances on the
roots. usually termed clubbing. is the
most destructive disease to which the
cabbage tribe is subject. IL is ascribed
TO one or more species OF insects, mag
COTS being generally found In the
tubercles Lime, wood ashes. SCOT,
nitrate OF soda and common salt are
considered to be useful applications to
tho soil in which cabbages. etc, are TO
be known, and mari unquestionably Is
so.
Cape, In Chickens.
Gapes arc caused by minute worm
IN the windpips. 1t is generally pro-
duced by filth or neglect. II taken in
timo, as soon us the chick Is noticed