New-York tribune., 1890-01-05

military associates have carried the entrenchmeIllS
of the Empire without firing gun. They have
won a political battle Of critical importance
In the sight Of the nation they are master poltl-
clans and distinguished patriots.
PROVINCIAL HOME RULE IN Sight
It will be prudent for these successful military
politicians to enjoy their prestige and reputation
while their popularity lasts: for unconSclouSY
they have set in motion tendencies winch VIII
ultimately lead to an inevitable reduction OF the
strength Of the army and the creation OF
National Guard in its place. The plans al the
Liberal Ministers in this respect VIII be carried
out powerful impulse has been impaired by
the revolution to provincial home rule and the
downfall of the army can only be regarded as
question of time "Our Provinces are now self
governing States remarked an intelligent Brazil
ian TO me two daysag Those States will elect
their own Governors, and iealousy guard their
rights ard liberties They will have exclusive
control over their own affairs and not be subject
10 spolation from Rio They Will he free,
independent and self-gOvcrning, Ike the States
of your American Union This is the main
thought now in mems minds throughout Brdzll.
The centralized system of Administrations ny
which the Provinces were drained OF
all their surplus revenues, is to nc
abolished. In place Of an eNtravagan'
civil service in which 100 lazy and incompetent
officials and clerks were employed TO do the work
of ten efficient men. There is TO bc efficient local
government, with retrenchmcnt and adminiStra-
tive reform. Presidents of Provinces are no
longer TO be sent out from Rio for the sole
purpose Of Carrying elections by means OF oihcial
nressure and abuses of patronage. There are 10 he
twenty seif-govcrning States, without the complex
machinery of a centralized administration. The
Provinces are TO be MIXED not for the Imperial
but for the home daircs. Unnecessary revenue
is no longer TO be squeezed ont of them State
richts are TO be respected. This is the logic
of the revolution, which ia the last analysis IS
revolt against Capitalization. But IT. Is also
a loqic that will require in the final stage ol
complete autonomy for the new States material
reduction and possibly even the abolition OF the
standing army. The States, when once they nave
secured Governors of their own choice and Legs
laturcs empowered to enact laws without restraint
will insist upon being released from the suVclL
lance Of gsrrisons. Each one will create a force
of militia Of which the Governor viii be the
commandcr-in.ch chief, and will not tolerate the
presence of battalions Of the standing army within
their jurisdiction. The power of that army which
has been fully cNertcd in the present crisis will
gradually be diminished in the natural order OF
development of a federal system of autonomous
States.
TIE MILITARY SYSTEM ALSO OVERTHROW.
It is not probable that the army officers. who
have ioincd in the republican movement with
genuine patriotism, have appreciated the full
significance Of their work They have over
thrown the military system as well as the GOV
crnment Of the Empire The only agency of ccn-
tralization now remaining in the Provinces Is the
garrison. and when the new order Of state in-
III - - r-r-. D
President has surrendered his office 70 a LEGALLY
elected successor the military power Will hc
assailcd on all sides and the battalions viii
gradually be thinncd ont and retired. This Will
be n salutary result. for revolution that has been
conducted largely by military officers offers temp
tations to political ajvcnturrr. which can oulf hc
removed by the disbaudmcnt OF the baiiaIons.
and the organization u an efficient national guard
in the Provinces The facility with which the
Imperial Government has been ovcrthrown hF
the military stan IN a territory as large as the
United States demonstrates the necessity for pro
viding against a countcr-reyoution by mastering
ont Of service an army that has accomplished
without a struggle a successful comp dciat.
The naval officers have co-opcratcd with the
military staff in the political campaign, but have
taken subordinate part IA the revolutionary
manocuvrcs The nominal strength OF the ser
handling a feet Of nine ronclnd>. twcnty-four
cruisers and gunboats. and as many more smaller
craft The brazilian navy includes two formd dahic
turrct ships. recently built in English sLlpNUrIs
One is the Riachuclo armed with four cotton
brccch- leaders and an auxiliary armaWrni-o
battlcship superior 10 anything IN the h''"
States Navy. II has a nominal speed Of lt IL
knots The Aquidahon is smaller, and has "a speed
Of i IL knots, but is powerful vessel He
naval arsepas are situated in five OF the principal
harbors. and are manned by officers
and marines. Al all these station-
the army officers consulted with the naval
authorities before throwing tie weight of their
influence decsiycly in favor Of the revolution.
The two political services hunted political game
in company.
USEFULNESS OF THE CIVILIAN MINISTER'S.
The Provisional Governments at Rio and IN
the Provinces were delivered from tho evil rrputc
Of military dictatorship through the intervention
Of the Rcpubhcan clubs. Gcrclal Fon>cci woTi
! have been helpless without the cooperation OF
! Bocayuva, Blrboza and SALES, who wee tic
! recognized leaders and oIgaui2crs Of The Rcpub-
| lcan movement. He represented the dsticr'cd
! military classes: but they stood for all the best
| elements of democratic progress IN Brazil lnG
alliance took away the rcproach Of irresponsible
military usurpston. II impaired TO The uprsine
the dignity Of a National revolution. From the
| first day there WAS decline in the power of the
| military reyOutionstS \ demand for creative
craftsmanship and cons;iut onil law was instantly
! created, and the leaders Of the RcpGbhcan clubs
were masters of the situation. Every week that
| has passed since the 9TH Of November has IN
creased the authority Of the civilian members of
the Provisional Government. Upon them has
| fallen the burden o; responsibility for establish
| ing under forms of law, the new political order.
| They have acted with dcliLcration and slsacity,
directing their labors mainly TO preparations for
the election under favorable conditions Of a NA-
tional Assembly empowered to frame new Com
| sttution