davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24
THE AGE OF TREES.
It Can he Told BY Counting the Rings oR 0
Cross Section Of the Trunk.

It Can he Told By Counting the Rings oe Q
Cross section Of the Trunk.
From an article by Prof. F. w. Put
nam. on prehistoric Remains in tho
Ohio Valley" in the Century, We quote
tho following: ''Of late years several
writers have brought forward many
arguments showing anew, what every
arch@ologist Of experience knows, that
many Of the mounds in the country wero
made by the historic tribes. This has
been dwelt upon to such an extent as to
make common the belief that al the
mounds and earthworks are of recent
origin. Some writer's even 60 50 far ~
to imply that tree growth can not be re-
lied upon, and state that the rings Of
growth do not represent annual rings.
As / am firmly convinced that
many of the mounds and earth.
works in the Ohio Valley exam.
ined by DIR. Metz and myself are far
older than the forest growth in Ohio can
possibly indicate, it matters little about
the age of the trees growing over such
mounds. However, as such forest
growth gives us the minimum age of
know what reliance can be placed on the
rings. In his report for 1887. Prof. Ii.
E. Fernow. chief of the Division of For
estry in the United States Department
of Agriculture, discusses the formation
of the annual ring, when speaking OF
tree growth. In a letter recently re-
ceived from him, in which he points out
the probable cause Of error in counting
the rings Of prairie-grown trees, he
states that be considers any body and
every body an incompetent observer Of
tree growth who would declare that, in
the temperate zones. the annual ring is
not the rule. its omission or duplication
the exception
Having received repeated assurance
to this effect from other botanists, re.
Gently again asked the question of Prof.
c. S. Sargent, director Of the Arnold
Arboretum, from whom l received the
following reply: Il have never seen
any thing to change my belief that in
trees growing outside Of the tropics each
layer of growth represents the growth
of one year, and as far IS have been
able to verify statements to the con.
trary, which have appeared of late
years, am unable to place any credence
in any of them. The following sen.
tence. quoted from the last edition OF
Frof. Gray's structural Botany"
covers the case: Each layer being tho
product OF only . years growth tho age
of an exogenous tree may in general be
correctly estimated by counting the
rings OF cross section Of the trunk" I
believe, therefore, that you are perfect
~ safe in thinking that DIR. Cutters
tree is something over four hundred and
6fty years old"
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24
A PAIR OF FISHERS.

Under the lee OF the headland,
Out of the hot sunshine,
Afisher, idle sitting,
Plays with his rod and line.
The eddying current ripplcs
At the roots Of the rank marsh grass.
And down in the clear brown shadows
The fish like shadows pass.
His hand has lost its cunning;
His giances fall and rise,
Now into the cool, dark water,
And now into two blue eyes.
For another sits beside him
On the narrow ledge of stone,
And the loops of her fluttcring ribbons
Across his cheek are blown.
She breaks her talk and laughter
To watch the anglers game
And never the angler guesses
That her own is Just the same.
For hook and line are ready
Whenever the fish will rise,
Though his with a fiy are baited,
And hers with two blue eyes!
Alas for the simple fisher.
He knows the anglers guile
Out OF their lurking places
The watery brood to vile;
But never he dreams that danger
Can lie in wait for him;
That long ere the flames of sunset
Shall redden the shadows dim,
The girl who sits best dc him
Will land an easy prize,
And carry him homeward captive
To the bait of two blue eyes,
kate Putnam Osyood, in Outing.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24
HEIRESSES FOR SALE.
Germans Led to Thlnk Americans Wi
Help Them Out.

Germans Led to Thinx Americans will
Help Them Out.
1T is characteristic of the present
iay," says the London Globe, ''that a
German paper should contain an adver-
tisement offering to supply rich Ameri-
can women to needy Germans of posi-
ton. The advertisement may be and
probably is q mere swindle: but that
such . thing should be advertised is in
itself significant The advertiser ap-
peals to Germans having titles or Off.
cial positions-and this includes prac-
tically the respectable male population
Of Germany-tO write to him in order to
be put into communication with Ameri-
can heiresses with fortunes up to four
millions. All is to be private, photo
graphs are to be interchanged, and the
whole thing is strictly honorable One
sees at once that the thing is as shadowy
as the fascinating. abbreviated adver-
tisements which appear in the Petit
Journal. where 'Veuve' or 'Demoiselle,'
with . lot of millions, is offered to an
impecunious title; but the fact is quite
characteristic Of the feeling of the mo.
ment
THE untitled heiress has been SO
much on the hunt for mobiles that the
transactions have, as it were, passed
into the market, and the fortunes OF
rich young ladies are quoted upon the
Matrimonial Exchange. There is moth.
ing new in the situation. Since the
days when the world thought only OF
marrying and giving in marriage until
the flood came there has always been .
marriage market; but it has been left to
our own days to make the thing into .
matter of advertisements and quota
tions. 1t is the low-water mark of vul-
garization of the institution Of matri-
mony: and, rightly or wrongly. the pro-
cceding has lately identified itself par
ticularly with American women in fort
une. Nobody can mistake the tendency
of the last ten years in the matrimonial
market. 1t has been an openly avowed
barter Of money for titles; and it has
perhaps done more than any thing else
to vulgarize the marriage ceremony"
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24
WHOLESALE MURDER.

Two Hundred Women Shot by Arab Deal.
ers Because Food Was Scarce.
The Revue Franchise of Paris has a
letter from Zanzibar which says tha,
over year ago a caravan of three hun
dred Arabs left the east coast to 60 into
the interior to trade. They have now
returned. and one Of the chiefs relates
their adventures. Arriving at kavirOn-
do, on the northeast shores of Victoria
Nyanza, the Arabs saw that the natives
had good deal of ivory and that they
had no guns. They attacked the tribe.
and before the shooting had gone on
long the natives were willing to do any
thing to make peace.
After long palaver with the chiefs
the Arabs agreed to leave the country
upon the payment to them of two hun
dred tusks of ivory and two hundred
young women. The natives were glad
to get rid of the enemy even on these
hard conditions. As soon as they re-
ceived the ivory and the women the
Arabs started for the coast They had
. terrible time in the Nasal country.
There was a drought, and they almost
perished from thirst Then provisions
became scarcer and scarcer, and the
whole party was in danger of starvation.
Finally the Arab chiefs decided that in
order to save themselves and their ivory
it would be necessary to sacrifice their
female slaves, who were very weak from
their deprivations and could march nc
further.
That night all of these twO-hundred
young woman were shot to death, and
their bodies were left in the camp for
the beasts of prey. The victims happi-
ly had not a moments warning of their
impending fate. Each murderer select
ed his victim, and the horrible crime
was accomplished so speedily that few
of the women made an outcry. With
their force thus summarily reduced the
Arabs were able to pull through the
desert region, obtaining little more
food than barely enough to sustain life.
The chief who related these facts in
Zanzibar showed no compunctions what
ever for the terrible crime in which he
had assisted. but mentioned the massa-
ere only to give an idea Of the great loss
they had sustained by the necessary
sacrifice Of their two hundred slaves.
1t is q curious fact that some of the
murderers were greatly troubled in
mind because their necessities had COM
peeled them to eat rats and other I'M
clean food, which is prohibited to Mo
hammedans, on the march.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24
FIFTY YEARS AGO.

Changes Wrought In the Course NJ Half .
Century.
Fifty years ago the population Of the
United States was only 1907, 4o0 The
census cost the Government $685. 4s7.
There were slaves in all the States ex-
cept Maine, Massachusetts,, Vermont
and Michigan. Iowa had 16 slaves,
Wisconsin II, Ohio ). Indiana Q, Illi-
nois S3l. The total in all the States
and Territories was =, 4S6, a2S Fifty
years ago the first railroad-spike ma
chine was put into use, making fifty .
minute, forming both point and head.
Henry Burden, Of Troy, N. ", was the
inventor. 1t ranked among the best
paying inventions of modern times.
Fifty years ago the Whig party held
its first convention at Harrisburg, NOM
mating General William Harrison, of
Ohio, as President of the United States.
Fifty years ago Joseph A. Adams for
the first time made use OF the idea
now embodied in the art Of cleo
trotyping by reproducing from wood
cuts. Fifty years ago the first power
loom for weaving carpets was set in mo-
ton by E. Il. Bigelow, of Boston. Ten
yards day was its original capacity.
Fifty years ago (Is39) the first wheat
was shipped from Chicago. amounting
to seventy-eight bushels. 1t was sent
eastward by the lakes to Buffalo. Fifty
one years ago the first steam fire-engine
ever made was tested in New York. 1t
was invented by Captain John Ericsson.
Fifty years ago the Sirius and Great
Western, the first ocean steamships. en-
tered New York harbor on their return
trips. Fifty years ago 1000 reformed
drunkards marched in procession at tho
first anniversary Of the Washington So
ciety. Fifty years ago law was enact
ed against dueling in the District of
Columbia. 1t grew out of the Cilley-
Graves duel. Fifty years ago the Chero-
kee Indians were removed from Georgia
and placed west Of the Mississippi
river. Fifty years ago was established
the first commercial college in America.
Corners College Of Boston. Fifty years
ago the first patent was granted to
Goodyear for vulcanised Indis-rubber
goods
Fifty years ago . survey was made by
John Baily fol a canal across Central
America Fifty years ago John Ericsson
was allowed letters patent on . steam
propeller boat Fifty years ago beet
sugar was first made by David l. Child.
Of Northampton, Mass. Fifty years ago
the hanks of the United States resumed
specie payment Fifty years ago the
Massachusetts, Abolition party was or
gained Fifty years ago wooden clocks
had only been in use one year. Fifty
years ago the daguerreOtype was invent
ed in Eranco--Statistician.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24

Prince Bismarck is said TO have
caused it to be known that officials who
write their names illegibly will have
their signatures reproduced hereafter in
the newspapers, and will at the same
time receive his public condemnation.
Oh, that Prince Bismarck would come 20
America.-America.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24
AN AMUSING GAME.

| A Key to Any Persons Name-uOw to
Mystiey People.
BY the accompanying table Ct letters
the name of a person or any word may
be found out in the following manner:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1890-05-24

The Chinese always begin the new
year by paying their debts. What =
heathenish acknowledgements Jour
nal
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
Directed an Investigation.
HIS LARoRs ENDED.
Congressman Watson, of Pennsylvania,
suddenly Stricken Down at Washing

Congressman Watson, of Pennsylvania,
suddenly Stricken Down at Washing
tG:l.
WASHINGTON. Aug. &c Congress-
man J.. F. Watson, of the Twenty
seventh congressional district, Pennsyl-
vania. died very suddenly. at half-past
II O'clock Il. III. i'll the Shoreham hotel.
Mr. Watson, accompanied by his private
secretary was about to enter /, carriage
to be driven to the capitol. On the way
out of the lobby of the hotel, Mr.. Watson
complained of i; dizziness in his head
and sickness of the stomach.
Hc Fell Unconscious
and was taken to the parlor We're stilnu-
lants We're administered aud he soon
revived. A physician was Immediately
sent for but before his arrival Mr.. Wat
sou again became unconscious from
which he never recovered aud died i'll a
few moments. Tue sergeant-at-arms of
the house was informed of Mr.. Wat
sons death and now has charge of the
remains. An undertaken was also sent
for to prepare the body for the casket.
The sudden and unexpected death caused
great excitement i'll the hotel. Mr. Wat
son Was apparently in the best of health,
and the news of his leath was a great
shock to his friends. A meeting Of the
Pennsylvania delegation will probably
be called Immediately to make all neces-
sary arrangements for the disposition
of the remains.
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
CONGRESSIONAL.

Thursday, Aug. 21.-Senate: Plumbs'
resolution to stop sale of liquor i'll senate
wing discussed without action; tariff
bill also discussed House: Lard bill
taken up and discussed at afternoon and
evening sessions; no action taken; eight
hour adjustment also consi6ered but no
action taken. Some bridge bills passed.
Saturday, Aug. 23.-Senate: Day de.
voted to eulogies on Senator Beck.
House: Thursday and Saturday next
set apart for consideration of eight hour
bill: Lard bill discussed and vote taken,
yeas III, nays 4G, no quorum; bill will
come up again during the week.
Monday, Aug. 25.-Senate: Senator
Aldrich asked unanimous consent to
take vote Oh the tariff bill Sept. s.;
Senator Plumb objected and matter
went over for a day; tariff bill discussed.
House: Conference report on sundry
civil bill presented and agreed to: house
adjourned on account of death of repre-
sentative Watson, of Pennsylvania.
Tuesday,, Aug. 26.-Senate: Agree
ment to end general debate on the tariff
bill Sept. 8 and get a vote on it Sept. s,
adopted by unanimous consent; confer
eEce report on the sundry civil bill
agreed to; the tariff bill was taken up
and some progress was made. House;
Nearly all day spent in tilibustering
over an appeal from the speakers de.
cision giving lard bill precedence over
antitrust bill; adjourned without deter.
mining the question.
Wednesday, Aug. 20. = Senate
Mr.. Plumbs resolution to prohibit the
sale of liquor i'll the senate wing was
discussed and finally referred to the
committee on rules. The tariff bill wa.
then taken up and some progress wa.
made with it. House: Filibusterin;
over the lard bill was renewed. An OF
der issued for the sergeant-at-arms t,
arrest all absent members and brin,
them in. Leaves of absence except fo
sickness revoked and house adjourned
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
FEDERATION SYMPATHY.
IL Is Freely Offered to the
knights i'm Their Trouble
With the Central,
The Supreme Council Decides
However, That Is ALI 1t Can
Tender Them.
II. Walter Webb Receives Their
hearty Contle2nasion-The Man
ifesto Issued,

TEERE HAUTE, Ind, Aug. 26.-The
Knights of Labor asked for bread and
their brethren of the United Order of
Railroad Employees, better known as the
Federation, responcd with a stone. 1t
They are not even offered the balm of
pecuniary support and their general
master workman is referred by the chief
of the Federation to the press dispatches
for the official reply to his appeal. The
outcome may prove death blow to the
knights. The results of their three
days dellberation are given in
The Manifesto.
The manifesto of the Federation re-
cites the history of the strike from the
standpoint of the knights and the efforts
of Mr.. Powderly to effect an amicable
settlement, after which it continues
with Il stormy dcnunciation of Vice
President Webb's conrse and an unqual-
lied approval of the action of the
knights. 1t concludes us follows:
,Che power of the supreme council in
the matter Of strike las been exerted to
aid the Knights of Labor, through their
representatives. to secure the recogni-
ton of their order by the officials of a
rich and powerful corporation, to secure
for workingmen, the victims of autocrat
power, Il hearing, and to perform such
other kindly Offices as We're proper I'M
der the circumstances, demonstrating
sympathy and good will, thereby aiding
the knights of Labor to bring the strike
to Il close upon principles of right and
justice. In this the council met with
failure, owing to the autocratic attitude
of H. Walter Webb.
Can Do No More,
1t now becomes necessary for the su-
prelne council to say that owing to the
fact that the order of the knights Of
Labor is not Il member of the Fedora
alton of Railway Employees, the laws of
the supreme council do not permit it's
doing more than it has done to aid the
Knights of Labor, and it's inability to
participate otherwise is now known and
appreciated by Mr.. Powderly.
In conclusion the supreme council
voices its high appreciation of the man.
illness of the knights of Labor employed
on the New York Central and Hudson
River road in struggling to maintain a
principle sacred to every workingman
on the continent and to all men who
love justice and hope for the triumph of
right over wrong as fragrant as ever
stained the pages of history.
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
ABOUT ELEVATOR LAWS.
Attorney General Goodwin, of North Da-
kota Files an Opinion.

kota Files an Opinion.
FARGO, N. D., Aug. 22.-Attorney
General Goodwin has just filed an opin.
ion on the laws passed by the last legis-
lature, governing and regulating the
elevator companies of the state. He
holds that chapter 1870 of the General
Laws of 1857 is repealed; that chapter
1870 of the laws of 1890, Mr.. Lutz' bill
defining public warehouses, is also re-
pealed; the county license in chapter 1877
OF the laws of 1890 he holds is abrogated
by the provisions of chapter 1873, of the
Laws OF 1890 another of Mr.. Lutz' bills),
and that the state license of $3.50 per
1000 bushels elevator capacity is
operative, but that no bonds can he
required. He believes that chapters
1s1 and 1888, of the Laws Of 1890, are
not in confict-one referring to govern
ing elevators in general and the other
to public warehouses proposed to be es-
tablishe1 at four specific places in the
state. These are the Cole and Bowen
bills. The fixed rates for handling
grain. specified in chapter 1877, he seems
to declare to be unconstitutional, and
that elevators should have reasonable
compensation therefor, and the same
opinion is given AS to the receipts, stat
ing how many cents per bushel below
the price for the highest grade shall be
paid for the inferior grade mentioned in
ihr receipts, but the law officer also
adds: These ure questions for the
courts" Thepayment of fixed license
fee i'll addition to the regularly assessed
taxes he holds to be legal. :
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
SENATOR DAVIS SPEAKS
He Would Have Binding TWinc
Placed Oh the Free
List.
1t Would Be a Million Dollars
Saved to Minnesota Farmers
Annually.
Members of the House Substitute
Queensbury Rules for Reeds Code
Washington.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2S.-After routine
business the tariff bill was taken up in
the senate. Mr.. Davis spoke in favor of
reciprocal trade relations with South
American countries and i'll favor of
placing binding twine OH the free list.
He said the question affected Minnesota
farmers to the extent of 1000, GOO an
nually. and the manufacture of binding
twine in this country was i'll the hands
of combination which was making
large profits and was abundantly able to
take care of itself without the aid of Il
duty.
Passing from this special subject. Mr..
Davis addressed himself to the "desira-
bility of unrestricted commercial rela-
items with our sister republics to the
| south" He would, he said, retain the
duty OH sugar rs an
Instrument of Coercive Persuasion,
to the enlargement of the American for
eign trade, by remitting the duty as tho
| consideration therefor. He would i'm
| pose duty on coffee to the same end.
AS to wool, he would give to the Ameri-
can farmer the fullest protection on the
kinds of wool that he raised, bnt if it
| was found that American farmers could
not or would not, produce the coarse
woods of South America as Il basis of ne
gotiation for reciprocity that would
create Il market i'll that country for the
products of the farms and factories of
| the United States.
| Would Adopt Ketaiiatory Measures.
He would adopt the same policy as to
hides, rubber, cocoa, cabinet woods and
many other articles. He would also
adopt retaliatory measures against
France, Germany and England for their
exclusion of American meat products.
That would be true protection to the
American farmer. 1t would remedy
many Objectionable features of the bill.
1t would place the measure beyond the
reach of the charge that there was not a
section or IL line in the entire bill that
would open a market for another bushel
of wheat or another barrel of pork.
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
Lost in the Woods.

MEDFoRD, Wis, Aug. 27.-Mrs Bar
ney Molitor, of the town of Molitor, this
county, her sister, and 15-year old daugl-
ter went berrying Saturday in the woods
and failed to return. Searching parties
were sent out, and found them in the
old camp of N. B. Holway, of La Crosse,
having been there since Sunday at 3
o'clock. The only food they had from
Saturday morning to Monday night was
two potatoes, which they found in the
camp and roasted,
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
COMPROMISE WITH ELEVATORS.

An Agreement Reached by the North
Dakota Railway Commissioners nnd
Wheat Buyers.
FARGO, N. D., Aug. 27.-At meet
at jamestown of the railroad commits
sioners of the state and several represen-
tatives of the elevator companies from
Minneapolis it is said that practical
agreement was reached. The state
license will be paid, no county license or
bond required. and the charge for stor-
age be the same as for two years past,
instead of the prices fixed in the law of
last winter, which are claimed to be un-
reasonably low. Under this compro-
mise the elevators of North Dakota will
probably soon become public ware
houses, and will be conducted as here
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
NATIONAL GREENBAckERs.

The Convention at Indianapolis Neiter<
ates Former Platforms and Favors More
Money.
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind, Aug. 2s.-In re-
sponse to call for convention issued
by George o. Jones about sixty dele
gates. representing six or seven states,
composed the national convention of the
Greenback party, which met here in the
morning. Nothing of importance was
done. After passing resolutions reaflirm.
ing previous platforms of the party and
declaring in favor of the issue by the gov.
ernment of greenbacks at the rate OF $5o
per capita, the convention adjourned
cina din
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
What 1t Costs to Advertise.

A. single page in an issue of the
Century taken for advertising pur.
poses costs $500, and in Harper's $40O,
and in other magazines from $500
down to 500. A yearly advertise.
ment column of the Chicago Tribune
costs S26,564 for the lowest and $685..
600 for the highest. In the New
York Herald $38,2o4 is the lowest
and $4,000 for the highest priced
columns.
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
Ricllland County.

AN absolute gift of thoroughbred
stock has been made by j. j. Hill to
farmers along his line Of the Great
Northern whose crops were cut
short this year. Mr.. Hill does this
to encourage the farmers and more
particularly to get them started in
the way of raising stock.
The Dickinson press., 1890-08-30
To Explore Northern siberia.

ST. PETERSBURG, Aug. 2G.--A new ex-
pedition is shortly to be sent to make an
exploration of Northern Siberia by ths
Russian Geographical society. The ex-
pedition would have started fifteen
years ago only for lack of funds. Lat
terly the government has shown a re-
markable amount of interest in Siberia
and seems to attach some importance to
general exploration of the county. An
imperial subsidy has been granted to
the society, and the work of exploration
will be carried out solely fol- the bsne-
lt of the government.