Telegram-herald. ([Grand Rapids, Mich.) 18??-1892, 1890-08-24
THE NAP OF EUROPE.
Changes II Has Undergone Within
the Past sixty Years
III. Growth Of RSssi@. Italy sd fresst.
-Nes Governments Created since
Esbrs.&ry. IsS9-Ths sagPres-
sion II Uah@Ppg Poland

Rumors 81 Earopezn war on grand
scale are So rife now. on account Of the
troubles in the Balkan peninsula. that
il may be interesting - recall tie many
and stupendous changes which have
modified the map Of Europe during
the last sixty years. The French reyo-
luton. continued by Napoleon l., over
turned every nation and modified every
frontier limit IN Europe. Between
1918 and 1880 the restoration OF the
eldest branch Of the B0urbons IN France.
and the Vienna and Verona congresses,
had nearly re-established the ancient
order OF things IN the European world.
Bur in 1850 the revolution which
crowned the Orleans cadet, Louis Phil
lippe. as King OF France, and proclaimed
him the representative Of modern iib-
eralisrn as against clerical reactionism
as personified In Charles Y, was the
signal Of changes all over Europe. The
heroic sons of Greece had already begun
the struggle FOR modern liberty and ma
tional independence. They were sue
cessful. and the treaty OF Adrianople
was agreed TO by all Europe, and Greece
was recognized IS sovereign power on
February 8. 1880. Moldayia. Nallachia
asd Servia were constituted by the
same treaty a. autonomous principal
tiles. and Turkey coded TO Russia the
mouth OF the Danube. Belgium sep
arated from Holland and was recog-
nized as an Independent power in July
1881, after long conferences held In
London.
In 1894 the Kingdom OF Poland was
suppressed as a result Of the heroic but
unsuccessful fight of the Poles for liber-
tv. In 1876 the Republic OF Grace W was
suppressed also and Incorporated with
Austria. In 1s4s the principality OF
Neuchatel, which had been given up TO
Prussia by the treaties OF 1914, declared
its Independence and became canton
OF Switzerland. This independence was
officially recognized by PRUSSIA in 1851.
After the Crimean war, In 1886, Russia
lost the southern portion of Bessarabia,
along the banks OF the Danube, which
portion was given 10 Moldayia. The
Solferino victory, in 1859, caused Aus
tria TO surrender Lombardy, with the
exception of MANUAL, 10 Napoleon III,
who made a present Of that province to
Italy, or rather to the King of Sardinia.
In 1880 the same King came into pos
session of Modcna, Parma, Tuscany,
Romagna, Umbria, Naples and Sicily,
giving back in exchange TO France only
the county of Nice and the Savoy. One
year later, in 1861, the kingdom of Italy
was definitely constituted by the reunion
under the same sceptre of all Italian
states formerly separated, with the OK
ception of the pontiflcal states and the
Rome campagna. Ia 1901 Aoldavia
and Wallachia were united under the
name OF Rumania In 1864 the Ionian
Islands, which formed parliament v
republic under British proctorate. were
! coded TO Greece.
The Gastcin convention OF 1865, after
the war of tho Duchies, dccreed the an
nexation to Prussia of the Duchy Of
Lauenburg, the title of which was con-
ferred upon Bismarck after his retire
ment from the chancellorship. In 1866,
after the battle of Sadowa. the Kingdom
Of Hanover, the Hesse Electorate, the
free city of Frankfort, Schleswig and
Holstein were annexed TO Prussia and
the Confederation of North Germany was
established. In the same year, and as
another consequence of defeat at Sado-
wa, the Vienna Government abandoned
Vonetia and the fortress OF Mantua 70
Italy. The first defeats of the French In
the war of 1870 compelled them to
cvacuate Rome, which then became the
capital of Italy. The Frankfort treaty
gave Alsace and Lorraine to tho newly
founded North German Empire. In 1878,
after the Russo Turkish war, and through
the operation Of the Berlin treaty, great
changes were made in the map Of Eu-
rope. Russia exchanged the Dobroudjs
district for Southern Bessarahia Servia.
by the same treaty, was enlarged and
constituted az an independent kingdom,
as we'll as Rumania. Bulgaria became
a nero tributary province Of Turkey,
from which in 1885 she snatched Eastern
Rumelia. Montenegro receive an in
crease OF territory, and Bosnia and Her
zegovina were surrendered 20 Austria.
which was authorized TO occupy them
temporarily. q word which means in
diplomacy real possession.
Such Is tho present international man
Of Europe; how long viii it last in that
shape?
Nsst-nusrnrC -.,-,-