davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
FARMER AND STOCKMAN.
Matters of Current Interest in the Busy
Rural World.
Important Points to be Remembered by But
ter Neutrality-suspicious. in the South
Hints for Stock Raisers-salt is Good for
Land-Household Notes.
setting MIX for Cream.

Cream rises in the milk by force of
its higher specific gravity, just as a
cork rises In water. This tendency to
rise Is counteracted by the viscosity
or adhesiveness OF the milk, due TO the
caseine dissolved in 1t, as well as n
considerable quantity OF serum or mu-
Gus, the presence of which in milk is
discovered by the separation of them
by the centrifugal separator, and can
hardly be realized until this ocular
demonstration has been given. If we
put a handful or corks at the bottom
of a pail OF molasses they will rise very
slowly. The difference in the specific
GRANTEES is overcome with difficulty
because OF the adhesiveness of the fluid.
II we can overcome this adhesiveness
in .any way, or change the specific
GRANTEES, the tendency Of the lighter
matters to rise to the surface OF the
fluid will be increased. And this we
can do with milk in more than one
way.
One way is by cooling the milk and
thus adding TO its density or prac-
tically its weight The milk being
made heavier. and the butter globules
not increased in weight they become
relatively lighter and rise TO the sur
face more quickly. Thus by setting
milk in ice water at 45 degrees, the
cream rises in twelve hours, and at
the end of twenty-four hours becomes
quite thick from tho more complete
separation of the fat globules. But ice
is not always 60 be had, and the COM
ing summer will be scarce and dear.
Hence a cheaper method will by very
desirable. This is to reduce the Wis
costly Of milk by the addition OF water,
so as to free the fat globules and per-
nit them to rise more easily through
the fluid. This may be done by add
ing one-third the quantity OF hot water
TO the milk as soon as ii is taken from
the cows and brought into the house.
The water should be heated TO 100 or
1875 degrees and the heat should be
tested by the thermometer so rs 10
have the temperature precisely. The
hot water is simply poured into the
milk after it is strained into the deep
pals and the pals are then set in
water ut temperature OF 90 to 90
degrees. The milk is raised by the
hot water to 100 degrees and the cool
ing of,40 degrees effects the separation
OF the cream in tw.nty-four hours, as
In the colder setting at 40 degrees in
ice water The separation OF the
cream is effected by the sudden re-
duction of temperature of 40 degrees.
This increases the density and weight
of the milk. which renders the fat
relatively lighter, and the separation
is thus made easier as well as by the
thinning of the milk.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Salt for Land.

salt is good" This is averred by
the very highest authority. 1t is good
for land. 1t is really fertilizer as it
supplies soda and chlorine which is
found in every plant. 1t is good for
all crops. 1t discourages fungi which
infest the most valuable crops; as rust,
smuts, etc. and it discourages insects
which damage the roots Of plants. 1t
has remarkable effect upon grass and
clover, at times doubling the yield.
One Of the best and most prosperous
farmers in New Jersey applies 1000
pounds OF it every year TO his pastures
and meadows. and although he sells
at times moro than $500 per acre of
market crops from part OF his farm
he AYERS that his grass pays him more
profit TO the acre than his melons,
cabbage or tomatoes. Any farmer
who Is troubled with scao on his
potatoes should try liberal sprinkling
OF salt along the rows before dropping
the seed
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Ihe Ifouxehold.

Put camphor gum in the box with
silver to prevent il furnishing.
An elderly chicken is better than a
young one for making croquettes, or
for "a fricassee.
When boiling corned beef remove
the fat that accumulates on the sur
face of the water before putting in the
vegetables.
Tricky cover the ends OF the Stats
OF all bedsteads that are to be left in
the house over the summer with a
water; it Is absolutely safe as a pre-
caution.
Egg salad.-Cut the yolks OF hard
boiled eggs in dice and mix lightly
with chopped chicken or lobster, fill
the white cavities with the mixture,
pour over them little mayonaise
dressing; serve on lettuce or crosses
garnish with slices OF lemon.
DELICATE Cur CAKE.-One cupful
of butter, two cupfuls OF powdered
sugar. three cupfuls Of flour, one tea
spoonful OF baking powder one cupful
OF sweet milk. one teaspoonful OF bitter
almonds, whites of five eggs; mix
together and bake in small pans.
MUsTY Floors. Make strong. hot
solution a. chloride OF lime and scrub
it into the floor with broom, after
having made the floor as clean as soap
suds aud the scrubbing-brush will
make IT, If the first application does
not suffice make another. Persever-
ance will insure final success.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Wood as Food.

Probably no modern science presents
q wider field for speculation than that
of chemistry. and more especially. per-
haps. that branch of the science which
treats of organic compounds. Since
the day when Wohler overthrow the
notion that organic substances were
exclusively the products Of the opera
ton of q so-called vital force by his
discovery of the synthesis of urea,
great number of bodies, hitherto OBJ
tanned only in Natures laboratory,
have successfully been built up, as
result of careful and most minute
study of their exact nature.
The discovery Of the preparation OF
substances by artitice. more particular
ly the dyes, has. as matter of course,
influenced very considerably home and
foreign industries. What shall be said,
then, when chemistry promises to solve
hard problems of political and social
economy In an address delivered at
Heidelberg. by no less eminent an
authority than Victor Meyer, it is an
nounced that we may reasonably
hope that chemistry will teach us to
make the fibre of wood the source of
human food" What an enormous
stock of food, then. will be found. if
this becomes possible, in the wood of
our forests. or even in grass and straw.
The fibre of wood consists essentially
of cellulin. &c, Hl0, %. Can this be
made to change into starch? Starch
has exactly the same percentage COM
position, but, as every one knows, it
differs very much in its properties, and
the nature of its molecule is probably
much more complex. Cellulin is of
little or no dietetic value. and it is not
altered, like starch. in boiling water.
1t really gives glucose when treated
with strong sulphuric acid, as is easily
shown when cottonwood, which is
practically pure cellulin. is merely inn
mersed in it. Starch gives the same
product when boiled with weak acid.
The author further quotes the re-
searches of Hellrigel, which go to show
beyond dispute that certain plants
transform atmospheric nitrogen into
albumen. and that this process can be
improved by suitable treatment. The
production, therefore, of starch from
cellulin, together with the enforced in
crease of albumen in plants would, he
adds. in reality signify the abolition of
the bread question. 1t must be borne
in mind however, that theory, fascinat-
ing and promising thought it may be,
is not always capable of being followed
up by n practical result.-London Lam
cef
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

which pay their contraltos 800; but
this, in cities outside of Boston, which
as with sopranos. average about 5000
higher,i is unusual. And even n genuine
alto-that rarest of things in these dove
will command but from $500 to $400
per annum. The Hub, of course. does
better than this, by adding 5000; but
even with this addition, none of these
salaries appear precisely extravagant,
or to admit of much luxury in living,
and salaries are rarely increased.
Should rival church make an offer
for a voice. If the first church is desir-
Gus of retaining it. the rivals price is
overbid, and the voice retained.
But this is the only reason, of which
l have knowledge, for increasing
salaries. However, it must be remem-
bered that this salary Is paid for sing
ing only at two services, and for at
tendance Mt one or two rehearsals a
week. All the rest of the singers time
is her own to dispose of as she pleascs.
Proves she an apt pupil to her new
master, he will send to her, for instruc-
ton, scholars whom he has not the
time to teach. Or, she may secure en-
gagements to sing at different church
concerts, or, laying aside her music,
may take to sewing, painting, decorat-
ing, or any of the many ways in which
girls are able to make living. No
work must be undertaken which will
in any Way conflict with the choir sing
ing. for this. remember is the reason
of her existence. She is first and be-
fore all else a singer; that is her pro-
fession. Let this never be forgotten.
E. Aiine Osgood, in Ladies Home
ToNru1I
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
wonders of the Knife.

"Modern surgery" said practi-
toner, ''gives men new eyes, even
robbing rabbits for that purpose with
success. 1t gives them new blood, tap
ping TO that end the veins OF some fell
bowman; it takes out his ribs and
parts OF his lungs and spine il he does
not like them; it gives him on occa-
sion, a new larnyx to talk with, "A new
skin to perspire through; it cuts out
his tongue or thigh bone, and wen
stretches his nerves TO get the links
out OF them; it straightens his crooked
legs and provides h m. with good live
tendons from dog when his own have
suffered misfortune, and it makes him
n now nose, u new mouth n new knee
cap. or n new ear. If he wishes it,. 1t
won't be long before it may make him
n Frankenstine, II the progress OF sci
ence continues. Philadelphia Press.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Queen victoria,s Throne.

1t is not raised dais of gold or
precious stones, as many have pictured
1t in their maginations. but COM
mon, high-backed oak chair of antique
style. which has served in its present
capacity for six or seven centuries, its
existence having been traced back to
the time of Edward /. The back
aud sides of the chair were formerly
painted in various colors, but all the
wooden parts are how hidden with
heavy silks and vclvets embroidered in
gold. Under the finely upholstered
seat is rough sandstone, 26 inches in
length. IL IL in width. and inches in
thickness. 1t is the famous Stone of
Scone," said to have served as seat
during the coronation ceremonies Of
the early Scottish Kings. Louis
Republic.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

gss twenty or thirty. Not long ago a
writer for Orange Judd's paper said
Three years ago, two adjoining farm.
ers, whom we will, for short, call
Smith and Brown, each had twenty
breeding cows about equal in quality.
Smith engaged OF neighbor pretty
good native sire and paid 81 per COW.
Brown hired the use OF a tip-top Short
horn that cost the owner $500. and he
paid S.. This spring Browns calves
are pretty we'll matured and sell
quickly. But Smiths calves need one
year more OF keep and care costing
SO or $40 each. including interest on
amount already spent on them) to get
his cattle up to the present weight and
condition of Browns animals, and they
will sell for 81 to 81 per cwt. less than
Browns"
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
stop the Losses.

John Jacob Aston when questioned
as to the means whereby he made his
large fortune said. II stopped all my
losses and let my profits run on"
This is the true principle, which lies
at the bottom OF the business OF keep
ing all kinds of farm stock. Learn to
distinguish the dead heads, and take
off their heads-somehow. Find out
the profitable animals and make the m
more profitable.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

THE low prices prevailing in Eng
land for dairy products and beef arises
in part from the increased production
of farm animals in Great Britain. The
low prices of American and Indian
wheat has diminished wheat produc-
ton in England. Hence British farm
ers have changed over 10 the raising
OF cattle in larger proportions. Ship
pers hence OF American meats are now
losing money rapidly.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Potas for Grape Vlnos.

The fertilizer chiefly needed for
grape vines is potash. Other manures
may make a stronger growth OF leaf
and wood. but potash is needed in per-
fecting the fruit. French and other
European vine growers fertilize their
vineyards by blowing under the prun-
ings. This II the soil is heavy helps
to keep the land light and porous,
while the green wood speedily decays
and returns TO the soil whatever potash
it had distracted. But if the land be
sandy this return is not enough. More
potash must DO applied or the fruit
will suffer, and the vine itself will
have its vitality weakened.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
The Cooks Discovery.

A rather fair war story was related
in the delegates hearing. and a new
one to him. 1t was of one of the late
General Kilpatrick's dashing cam
paigns. The command was prepared
to encamp after long ride, and there
was casting about for water supply.
Scouts had been sent in all directions.
but there had been no encouraging
finds reported. Among these scouts or
prospectors was an Irishman who well
filled the place of headquarters cook.
body servant to the General, and also
of wit in general to the command. He
was prime favorite with all by reason
of his constantly bubbling spirits and
fun and Fitzpatrick especially rather
dotted on him. Presently this man re-
turned and exclaimed as he came into
the presence of Fitzpatrick, General.
/ had great luck, indadc. discovered
a lakew 'Ah. that is great news, in
deed; aud where is it, my good manp"
I'm the bottom of the coffee-pot, sir,
and divil shtop can put to it," 1t is
not related what effect the declaration
had on the dashing cavalry commander,
but it is reasonable to suppose that
there was enough ilavoring of wit in
it to shield the jolly cook from all evil
consequences of his cheekiness. Gin
cipnati Times Star.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Killed in Battle in the Last s5 Years.

did you ever think how few people
are killed during wars?" asked Thomas
Sloane of Boston as he sat in the Colon
made last evening. "Well, here is a
memorandum made recently regard
ing deaths in battle since 1856. The
entire number killed during these thir-.
ty-four years-exclusive of those who
died from diseases about 1888, 900.
In the Crimean war $50, 900 were killed;
the Italian war of 1859 resulted in the
slaughter of $4,000; in the American
civil war. 800, 600; in the Danish war
(1S64). 5000; in the Austro-Prussian
war. $4,000; in the Franco-German
war-France 155, 900, Germany 10000;
in the Turko-Russian war, $50, 900; the
South African wars, 80. 900; the Afghan
war, $4,000; the Mexican and Cochin
Chinese expedition, $4,000, aud the
Bulgarian Servian insurrec.ion, 3d.
600. Philadelphia Press.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Southern Agriculture,

Successful farming. north or south,
Is dependent upon these two points,
viz: First that the soil shall annually
become richer, so that its commercial
value shall constantly increase, for as
the land represents the farmers capt.
tai, according to sound business princi-
pies, it must increase In value or, else
the farmer grows poorer instead Of
richer. And. secondly, the farmer IN
order to succeed, must spend less than
he makes. On the right application
OF these two rules, hinge success. In
prove the soil and spend less than you
make! These are the magic words
that turn the key in the door to hid
den banks Of wealth. Let the farmer
keep these two facts constantly In
mind, and act upon them, and success
Is as certain in farming as in any thing
else. But it is to the first OF these
facts that shall devote this article,
and while what shall say. is from a
southern point OF view, yet on general
principles, it will apply as much to the
north as TO the south. How to restore
and perpetuate the fertility OF the soil,
Is an important question with every
thoughtful farmer.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

NEW YORK is to have the finest
hotel on this side OF the Atlantic. it is
said. and with the Aston millions back
of the enterprise the statement is
credible. In the meantime the me-
mortal arch fund has reached the sum
OF $50. 4S, and the city has mani
tested its willingness to build nonu-
ment to Gen. Grant II the United
States will furnish money. The differ
ence in the showing between the last
two enterprises and the former is due
TO the fact that the latter are not ex-
pected TO pay comfortable dividends.
noted for his discretion and discrimi
nation $50 ~
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

THAT Vienese physician who first
affronted girl of 10 years, next con-
scented to fight duel with her, swords
being the weapons. and was finally
placed hors do combat through her
superior skill with the weapon, must
feel the least little bit "cheap." 1t is
never dignified thing for a man to
fight with a woman, and to be defeated
in such a contest-unless it be con-
test OF wi is or of tongues absolutely
disgraceful.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
What Choir Singers Are Paid.

A soprano, in an average city. will
be paid. as beginner, anywhere from
5000 to $500 per annum. AS she be-
comes better known. and is in more
thorough command of her voice. she
will average from $500 to $500. Boston
pays about 5000 per annum better to
choir singers than any other city in
my knowledge. Several sopranos there
receive yearly salaries of $1,000 and
1920. and few $500.
A woman with good contralto voice
will begin at an annual salary of 5000
which, II she Is successful. may rise to
an average of $500. There are two
churches in Philadelphia, l believe,
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
A Great victory.

When a mau runs quarter OF a
mile to catch n train. and jumps on
the platform of the last car, ''all out
OF breath" as the locomotive steams
out OF the station, he feels as II he
had won a great victory. But when
the train stops before it has proceeded
fifty yards, backs into the station and
waits half an hour for some uuexpect-
ed cause, he's mad enough to blow up
the whole business with dynamite. =
Big Four Gazette.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Many Grasses.

1t is said that there are more than
5000 species OF grasses in the world.
Corn, wheat and oats all belong to the
grass fnmily. OF the vast variety only
a very few are classed with the
domestic or tame grasses. Did it ever
occur to the reader that if for one sea-
son all grasses should refuse to grow
almost universal want and famine
would follow and if for two seasons in
succession. all animal life would entire
ly disappear from the world.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Hints For stock RaI,.r..


Here are some valuable hints to
stock raisers. They are offered by the
Live Stock Record.
Following are the six leading laws
of heredity, according to an eminent
authority:
/. That from the male parent is
mainly derived the external structure,
CONFORMATION and outward character
istics; also the locomotive system of
development.
2. From the female parent is
derived the internal structure, the
vital organs, and in a much greater
proportion than from the male, the
constitution, temper and habits, in
which endurance and bottom are in
cluded.
3. That the purer the race of the
parent the more certainty there is OF
its transmitting its qualities to the Off
spring; say il two animals are mated,
IL one is OF purer descent than the
other, he or she will exercise the
influence in stlmping tho character OF
the progeny, particularly if the great
err purity is on the side of the male.
4. That apart from certain disturb
ing influences or cause, the male, IL OF
pure race and descended from stock
OF uniform color, stamps the color oil
the offspring.
8. That the influence OF the male is
not infrequently protracted beyond the
birth OF the offspring of which be is
the parent and his mark left upon sub
sequent progeny.
6. That the transmission OF diseases
OF the vital organs is more certain II
on the side of the female. and diseases
OF the joints II on the side of the male
narant
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

FARMERS, as a class, are provorbially
about as independent and self.support-
Ing class OF citizens as the world fur
nishes. They are. in fact, the world
over, the burden bearers, on whom
those unequal to maintenance general
ly quarter themselves. There has
been so much OF this that over-taxed
farmers have many of them become
completely discouraged, and seek re-
lease from some of their burdens.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
Improve Your Live stock.

That farmer who fails TO cultivate
live stock and who does not labor con-
stantly improve it, should at once sell
his farm and go into some other kind
OF business. To be satisfied with scrub
cattle Is to be satisfied with two or one
per cent intere st wien 1t is possible to
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

ONE of the Buffalo Bill party made
an Italian editor believe that there
was wild animal in America called
the "huggerwug, which crept upon
men at night to eat their livers out
and leave the rest of the body un-
touched. and that editor warns his
readers that If any come to America
they must sleep in a tin corset to pro-
tect their livers.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

BEFORE one cent postage is applied
to international waterways it ought TO
be applied to domestic m ails. We are
In far more urgent need of an improve
ment in local and general American
carriage and delivery of mail than OF
cheapening foreign rates.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

ones; they're bully" said the boy.
what are them blue flowersT
Il dunno; they're pretty"
ON go ask the policeman" and the
girl went over TO where the big cop was
standing swinging his club. Say, what
Is them blue flowers?'
The policeman looked and answered
kindly: Trims y-lets. choild."
The girl took her brothers hand and
led the small chap into the shop. The
clerk was filling paper box with bride.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

THERE 10 no doubt OF the correct.
ness of the statement recently made
by Rev. DIR. Hopkins, OF Kansas City.
that the world is growing better and
that the influence OF the press has con-
tributed to this end.
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

IT is not generally known in the
United States that the European rail-
ways allow only small amount OF
baggage free. In Switzerland on some
of the roads not pound is allowed
free that is not carried in the hand.
On the English railroads the free bag
gage is regulated by the class OF the
f;olyat
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11
TELL HIM. JIMMY" SAID THE GIRL.

TELL HIM. JIMMY" SAID THE GIRL.
roses for n Prairie avenue girl, and he
held his rubber bottle of water in the
air while he asked in annoyance: "What
do you want TO buyY
Flowers" said the girl.
What kindf'
"Vilits."
and how much money have you
gotr'
The girl tiptoed and dropped five pen.
MES on the counter.
"Ho, no. no." laughed the cler k.
why, little one, those violets are rs
cents bunch"
The grimy faces fell. and the clerk
laid down the paper box and the water
bottle, and asked: What do you want
thum for?'
Nav" said the girl.
why does your ma want themf"
'"fell him. Jimmy" said the girl,
nudging her companion.
mo. you tell him." said the boy.
''She's dead" said the girl. Chicago
Tribune
Weekly expositor. (Brockway Centre, Mich.) 1882-1894, 1890-07-11

IT cost the cigarette men $500. 900
last year to supply the packages with
pictures, and all have now combined
TO do away with them. They have
probably concluded to kill the boys
without corrupting their morals with
chromos, and for this much the
country should be thankful.