davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
Forbes & Davis Special

TOTUeB y D1S1S OpcC1t11s
$50 and $50 Combination (Philipsburg).
5000 aud 1900 Argenta (Dillon.)
1000 or more Poorman Occur d'Alene).
1000, 5000 Glengary.
1000 Am. Ruby (Oro Fino).
1,5OO, 800 Iron Mountain (Oro Fino).
1900 Champion (Oro Fino).
1900. 5000 Copper Bell.
5000, 1,Ob0, LEO o. Il. d N.
1900, $500, 5000 Silver Arrow.
5000 Silver Dollar.
1,250. k50O. 5000 Union (Elkhorn.)
1900 Fourth of July.
36 and q, Bailey Block,
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
Notice!

NOIICGs :
Lodges or firms desiring permanent loca
lions in rented building can have them
arranged as they wish. The Montana Ma
tional bank will rebuild on present site a
fve-story modern Notwithstanding high
speed elevators located on Main strickland
will arrange rooms or entire floors to suit
conveniences of those renting.
Plans. etc., to be found with Paulsen &
Mcconnell or bank.
L. G. PHEIPs. Vice-Pres
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
HELENA IN BRIEF.

Jackson smusic store. Bailey block.
Dinner from II to at the Bon Ton.
James W. Barker, merchant tailor, Main
street, opposite First National bank.
Go east via the Montana Central and
Manitoba railways, the new sleeping and
dining car route 70 st. Paul and tbs east.
Through trains lsave Hslsns daily ct ll90
O. -
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
$1.OO St. Louis. $I.OO.

Commencing Monday, May 10, the Union
Pacific will sell tickets from all Montana
points to St. Louis at 81 above the rates to
Kansas City. That is the rates from Butte,
Helena, Garrison, Deer Lodge, Anaconda,
to-, will be $49.75 and $3.50, first and
second class respectively.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
Notice,

To whom it may concern, all persons are
hereby warned not to pay any money to
Geo. T. Jennings upon our account after
this date. as he is no longer authorized to
collect for us.
T. c. POWER & Co.
Helena, Mont, May Is, 1890.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
Thursdays Programme.

MORNING.
Devotional exercises, 10-1O30.
Discussion-To Teachers difficulties. 1880
IL.
Song. Nr&r
Primary teaching, 11-11:90
Discussion-Topic: Advantages of state Or
ganization. 1l:3O-l2.
Song-"O, Where are the Reapers?"
AFTERNOON.
Song service. 2-2:15
Discussion Topic: Should lesson helps be
allowed in the school room? 2:15-2:45.
Song.
Reports of committees and election of officers
for lS90-91, 245-315.
Addeess-Wm. Reynolds, 3:15-A
Song-"What Gathering"
EVENING.
Song service, 8-8:15.
Closing exercises under the direction Of VIM.
Reynolds, having especial reference to the future
of the Sunday school cause in Montana
Song-"The Banner of the Cross"
Benediction.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
Send for IT.

Send for 1t.
A finely illustrated catalogue of wood
workers tools will be sent on application
to any address by
A. M. HOTTER HARDWARE Co., .a
Helena, Mont.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
A Sociable.

The members of the Ladies' Auxiliary
Society of the Temple Emanuel will give a
sociable in the A. O. U. w. hall on Thurs
day evening next. A good time is antici-
pated and the public are cordially invited
to attend.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
= n .-'7I1-- = - Y \ 7 I y =
New Rates tn Chicago

Commencing Monday, Mey 10th the
Union Pacific railway will sell first class
limited tickets to Chicago at $51.75. Sec
opd class to Chicago at $3.50.
A. E. VEAzIE, Pass. Agent.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

f. 8. French & Co. have removed from Pitts
burgh block to rooms Is and II, Merchants Ma
tiOnal Bank building
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

EOR SALE-BON TuN RESTAURANT; A
= frst-class restaurant with first GLASS patron
iourishing mining camp Of Marysville. Mont,
for $500 cash, or on reasonable time with good
security; rare opportunity to make money. Ad-
dress Immediately, Joseph Waellisch. Marysville,
Mont
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
just Received,
A carload of adamant wall plaster. Fa
superior to lime plaster.
H. M. PARcHEN & Co., Agents.
The Best.

The choicest fruit preserves and delica-
cies. The finest cured ham and breakfast
bacon. The best patent flour at John T..
Murphy d Co.'S.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
Notice,

Notice.
The INDEPENDENT will pay reward of
$40 for the arrest of any person taking
papers from the doors of subscribers
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
ron SALE.

DOR SALE-BY THE OWNER, A NEW SIX
y room house, modern Improvements. This lie
bargain. Address Louis DeLestry.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

DOR sALE-1sO HEAD OF CATTLE, IN
i Guiding IS 4-year-old steers: a bargain, Ad
dress e. s. French 4 Co, Helena; or, G. {
Hallett Fort Logan, Mont. III
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

TOR SALE-A NEARLY NEW COVERED
ut Jackson's Music House, Main st.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

TOR sALE-CHEAP. A FIRST CLASS 10
L horse upright steel boiler. Apply ut this
off
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

E,OR SALE-A BARGAIN-NEW FURNITURE
and lease of new brick Groom house. Bath,
gas, furnace. South Rodney near Broadway. Bog
r. DoetOf{3ceL
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
Money Loane

Money Loaned
On furniture. No removal. no publicity.
Apply to 61h South Main street.
Herbert Nicholson d Go. are now prepared to
deliver good dry cord wood promptly to any part
of the city. Hay, grain and feed at lowest rates.
Opposite Northern Pacific freight depot. Tele-
phone 22.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
WHERE TO GO.

The J. Steinmetz Jewelry Co. continuh
to present callers at their store wife
novelties and fresh arrivals OF stock, SO
that seekers for something new" never
iail to find desirable articles. In jew
elry, we open to day:
SILVER RINGS.
A line Of Silver Rings, Oxydized, and
some set wi h Moonstones. The latest
'fad" for the gentlemen. Prices from
SEQ to $3.50
New Bracelets; New Ladies' Vest
Cha ns-some beauties: have charms at
tached.
Silver Cigarette Cases -Gorham's
Newest Styles.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

FOR SALE-TWO GOOD HAY RANCHES.
100 ncres; natural Wild hay or swamp land, fed by
fine. ice cold springs. For further PARTICULARS
Granville Stuart, at Fort Maginnis, Mont.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

yXIANTED--GOOD SOBER YOUNG MAN
w Who has had some experience in the bakery
line; state wages. Address Vienna Bakery, Boze-
man, Mon..
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

dor SALE THREE GOOD GENTLE
= milk cows: can be MIXED by any woman
INQUIRE at GIG Broadway.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
SITUATIONS WANTED.

A GOOD CRANDALIl TYPEWRITER TERMS
a reasonable Apply at this Office.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

TNTANTED-NO. 1 sH1RT-IRONER, HAND
w work. Filst-class wages to ihrst-class party.
None others need apply. Address California Laun-
dry, Missoula, Mont. -...
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

SITUATION WANTED-AS FIRsT-CLABS
y cook by woman. Address room No. 8, Pa
sf~ hoko
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

yx1ANTED-LADY AGENTS FOE NEW RUB
w Der undergarment Indispensable to ladies;
proof free. Address Little 4 Co.. ZIG Clark street,
Chicago, Ill.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

m ANTED-CHANDLER WANTS GIRLS
w for out of town; girls in town; woman
cook for city. -, .f
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

yHTANTED-A RELIABLE NURSE GIRL AT
w once. III Warren street, corner OF Fifth
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

JyANTED-CHANDLER WANTS ENGI-
w peer. l camp cook boarding house cook,
s aJorers S2.75 per day.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

HELP WANTED-MALE.
TX7ANTED-SlX MEN TO HANDLE WOOD,
w S2.75 per day; two section men. free fare;
men for Missoula. Northern Pacific Employ
ment Agency. !r
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

VNANTED-5 NO. GIRL WATERS. $50 PER
" month"; 10 girls for private families, S2O to
1925; one second cook Tor hotel, $6O per month.
to IL Il, Raymond Box 305, Missoula, Mont,
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

CTTUATION WANTED-BY A GOOD FEMALE
y cook. Capital Employment Office. Aa Law
rpnCo StrpNt.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

manufacturers; MUST BE WILLING
w and obliging; understand the care OF chill
dren. Apply with references at Sol broadway,
corner Raleigh street.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22
CITUATION WANTED-ON RANCH BY TWO
> good men. Address j. g., Turner Hall saloon.

WANTED-TO LEARN THE
y printers' or tailors' trade by young man OF
good English education. Address w. d. 6trick-
Ter, Great Falls, Mont.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

HELP WANTED-FEMALE.
~NeS.97,eSs H ~ e SSss GENNS : =
w homework out of town. Capital Employ
ment Office 2l2 Lawrence street.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

CITUATION WANTED-BY AN EXPERT
y enced engineer. Hosting engine preferred.
Good references. Address r. +. g.. sos Brecken-
ridge street.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

yNyANTED-A FlRST-CLASS ENGINEER LII
w tensed by the United States to run river
steamer. Address A. Hlger, Helena, Mont.
The Helena independent. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1890-05-22

yJTANTED-5OO RAILROAD AND STATION
w men at Mullan Idaho, west end Missoula
brarca Northern Pacific railroad; wages 1925
and $3.50 Pr day, board 1925 per week. Mclean
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
The Old Egyptian Encaustic Process

The Old Egyptian Encaustic Process.
In the older Egyptian mummies the
face of the outer casing is usually mod
eled in relief, in a purely conventional
way, but in this latest form of burial IN
der the Roman empire portrait of the
deceased was painted on a very thin
piece of wood and then fixed over the
dead face. II is very remarkable to find
such fine coloring and skiIlful drawing
in work of this late date, which must
have been turned out of an ordinary I'M
dertakers workshop. The portraits,
both male and female, are most vivid
and life like. The ladies are mostly
dressed IN purple garment and the men
III white. with a red orphrey. The mod
cling of the flesh is very skillfUl, and In
some cases the coloring reminds one of
the Venetian school from its rich depth
of tone. 4 special point of interest
about these paintings is their technical
execution in the hot wax or encaustic
process, as it was called
The pigments were mixed with melted
wax, and then fixed in their place by
holding charcoal brazier near the sur
face of the painting, as is described by
Vitruvius. The somewhat lumpy i'm
paste OF the surface is dua to the harden
ing of the melted wax when the brush
touched the cold surface of the panel,
and, owing to the non-absorbent nature
of the wood, the subsequent application
OF heat was not able TO drive the wax
low the surface, as was the case with
caustic painting upon stucco. One
these portraits is noticeable from
ornamental framing with flowing pat
tern, formed by pressing wooden stamps
upon soft stucco, which was afterward
gilt, a process exactly like that which
was so often used to decorate medieval
pictures on panel, especially retables. or
ancone, as the Vene1ians called them
Saturday Review.
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
MERELY a Bl IND

CHICAGO, ILL.,. March 3-.An astonishing
communication was made public today bY
Secretary Brunnell, OF the Players league.
The surprise in the disclosure, more or less
complete, that supposed aneimosity and
rivalry between the Players organization
and the National league is largely in the
nature Of a blind to the public 1t would
seem that the two leagues are to be re-
gardsd practically identical pair of
wings Tor the money-making machine.
The idea, as near as can be inferred
is. it would seem. to have the
two leagues go through the motions
OF antagonizing each other as far as the
gate receipts can be increased by that
method, but when interests can not be
furCbered in such manner then the
leagues are 10 cooperate. The whole thing
in nutshell would appear that as ru-
mored at intervals since the famous split,
the base ball men understand the art OF
forming trusts and pool making precisely
as practiced in other business enterprises.
The possibility is distinctly foreshadowed
that even before the season is opened that
the warning factions will be playing to-
gether 'for revenue only"
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
Intelligent 9 Action.

Daily the public are treated
to announcements and offers
from the several dry goods
stores of the city, varying in
magnitude and truthfulness.
owing to the source from which
they come. \ fast black stock
ing. with a certain name or
brand ON it, and offered for sale
by certain house is held up as
the only fast black hosiery that
can be relied on, when the
truth is that there are only one
or two concerns III the country
dves hosiery with the new fast
black process, and neither of
these concerns put their own
trade mark on the hose they
dye but instead thereof they
print on the name Of any whole
sale house that sells the goods.
The "Albert Fast Black is the
brand OF our wholesale
house, while the Diamond is
the brand of another and neither
is the brand of the real dyer. and
yet both are dyed by the same
concern, every first-class whole
sale house in the country has
its own brand put Oh the same
goods. So that the fastness Of
the black of our house is no
better than those sold by an
other as they are all dyed by
the same dyers. The fast black
hose sold by the Arcade are
no better black than the fast
blacks sold by our competitors
but while we make no claim To
superior merit of the fastness OF
our "Albert'' fast black we do
claim that we sell for SO cents
the self same hose that some of
our competitors ask you 3S to
40 cents for.
Do your business at the only
Zone Price Arcade"
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
RUMORED SHORTAGE.
MissOuri'S State Treasurer Being Investi-
gated by the Governor.

KANSAS CITY, No, March "a special
from jefferson City SAYS; State Treasurer
Noland las just been suspended. No cause
for the suspension is known except Il ru-
NOR which gained some credence here this
morning to the effect that Mr.. holland was
In trouble over his accounts with the state.
Mr.. Nolan said to a Star reporter that he
was not aware of any difference between
his bonds and himself, and that so far as
his accounts with the state are concerned
they are correct and will bear the closest
Investigation. Governor Francis is eXam-
lining the books now.
KANSAS CITY. Mo. March "A special
from jefferson City says the governor con-
tiuued his investigation INTO Treasurer
Noland'S accounts until "A late hour this
evening. After returning to the executive
mansion he received reporters and made
this statement to them: Some time ago,
while ] was in New York with the St.
Louis worlds fair committee, | received
word that Mr. Nolaud's accounts ought to
be examined The law requires that the
governor shall, upon certain conditions,
examine the treasurer's accounts, ana 1t Is
in compliance with this law that | am
making he investigation. ! have been ell
gagged since last Friday III examining
the books and no deficit or short
age has been discovered. Mr.. Noland
Is suspended from Office while the
examination Is in progress and that action
was taken only in compliance with the
terms of the law mentioned and not be
cause there Is any evidence or wei
grour ded suspicion even that the books
are not all right. All sorts Of rumors were
current tonight concerning the investiga-
tion. Some were 10 the effect that the
treasurer was defaulter in sums varying
ppprtlinu he from SD tltAD TO y 10 -
800. The general belief now Is that
no shortage will be discovered
ana that the whole affair is only q
lig scare The buudSmeu of Mr. holland
were some time ago notified tcat the treas
urer's accounts were about to be examined.
They met III ST Louis last Saturday, but 1t
j. not known what action, If any, was
taken. Mr.. Noland's bond is in the sum
eS00,O00. His securities being men well
known in the state. Among them are:
Louis Houck, of Cape Girar-
deau county. Sl0.OO0; J. s. Ell
lott, Of Cooper county, S50,tO0;
John 0'Day, Of ~ Louis, Si50,O00; I. \
scott, of 81 Louis county, Sl00.O0O; K. II.
kerns, of St. Louis county, S2o.eJ1: ". II.
Swift. of =. Louis county, 1000; j. II.
Christopher. of johnson county, S25, 90;
". Il. Phelps, OF Jasper county, $4,000,
ana many others IN lesser mounts. The
total amount OF the bond Is $50 600. Treas
urer Nolaud was elected TO the Office he
low lo4s III lSSS, WAS Installed II Janu-
AIRY. 1883. and Ills term viii not expire Uu-
I'll 1893 Before his election he had been
employed for twelve years IN the treas
urer's Office as chief clerk. Previous to
That time he was chief clerk and deputy
roGuty treasurer Of Jackson county, with
residence at Kansas City, where tie now
halls from. although ms actual residence
has for ten years been in Jefferson City.
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
4 Look Ahead.

An English magistrate was sitting in
mis- room when there entered the wife of
one of his tenants, whom he (the vicar
would call Hrs. Smith. Asked her busi-
ness, she said:
We'll, your honor, 1 suppose you
knows my husband jain is very bad"
Yes" said the magistrate. Il have
heard so, and am extremely sorry. He
is one of my best tenants, and / shall
miss him very much indeed"
YES" said Mrs. Smith. ITS bad
job. jain Is going, sure enough. l sup
pose you knows Farmer jackson. Hes
a widdler (widoEerj, and wants some
body very bad to mind his cows and
calves; and I'm sure when Jahn's gone
I shall want somebody to talk to about
the weather and the crops. So, please,
your honor. we've made up our minds
to be married when Jahn's gone"
The magistrate said he did not alto
gether disaDurove Of second marriages.
but he thought it was most improper for
Mrs. Smith to be talking about marrying
again before her first husband was gone.
more especially such good man as her
JoHn was. lie certainly could not ap-
prove Of such Z thins, but he wished to
know why she had informed bin CT the
fact.
Well, please your honor. " replied Mrs.
Smith, I've told jain what be gwain
to do, and be hev tuk on terrible abou.
il, and he co say thai II | ever marries
Farmer Jackson he'll haunt ne. Now,
please. yer honor, ! do want TO know if
can swear the peace again un."-TEue
Elar.
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
Enu liz NiaE Fuslcs.

While engaged 10 geological work on tha
Cedar river, Iowa, says NJ. c. L. Webster,
my attention was attracted by a mink en-
gagged in fishing for Ter yoang. On the rip
pies il the center Of the stream, where ths
water was not more than two feet in depth,
was fat bowlder rising few inches above
the surface. On .his rock the mother mink
took her position, and watched for small fish
TO approach, wuea she would dive into the
water. be gone for Iaornens au3 reappear
Us1ssily With fish IN her mouth, which sss
would deposit In the center of The stone, stop
ping its struggles by q quick, sharp bite bacS
OF the head TIE process was repeated until
seven is!1 were deposlAed on the rock. Tn=n.
taking one Ct thera II Der mouth, she swan
% The shore. ciimed the steep '5cni-, and ran
hastily TO her Young IN g burrow uader az
cd Stun1p
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
A Romance that Didn't Pan Ont

Her father was a millionaire Whose life
had been devoted TO candle making he was
practical naturally bu. all the poetry Of the
family was found in her SIZE wa beloved
by another IniIlionaire's son aud when be
proposed 70 ner sine declared that be must dc
something for her
Dearest, what can dor
Become poor artist"
II couldn't be any other kind - an artist 81
Il mean You must pretend 70 b. a uoor
artist Pa does Eoh know you ZOO must
come and make love - me and viii falI IN
love with you. Pa viii object and make /.
row. We wilI eiope and yet marria<i. and
when : Is ali oye- wen Tell hiE,. and IL VII
b. delightful"
SO be became 4 poor artist and took r5o.oy
studio, and dauOcd on canvas and prefer fe.s
TO paint pictsres. And there yrs another
millionaire daughter VINO began TO come n
his studio and st for her picture
He forgot all abort the romantic rnaidsn.
and when TIE romantic rasiden cane one
night IN peasant costsroe. a. = sweet surpriza
10 run away With TIM, sne found taat be -ras
n1arried 70 tbe other girl aud hsd gone OF
On bis honeymoon.
Sne thinks that Tcrnan-es ara sll moon
shine Low, and ths; nothing bagreus n real
lfe a. It haPpals IN Dosks. .sbe ls right
Denver Trlbale.
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
TO REDUCE THEIR WEIGHT.

Lillian Russell reiigiously avoids pastry
emu ell food of i faTllaceogs natU.C.
Fanny Davenport, the actress, dieted her
self and took long walks until she got thin.
Mrs. Ogden Goelet is great believer IL
vapor baths and strict attention to her diet.
Mrs. W K Vanderbilt resorts to Turk.
ish bath whenever sac thinks she is gaining
desh
Mrs. Henry Ciews employs trained nurse
10 give her a vigorous rubbing regularly
three times week.
Miss Jeanne Turuure takes her walk every
morning immediaJely after rising, and also
very careful of what she eats.
Stately Pauline Hall says there is nothing
in the world like i've mile spin on a bicycle
10 bring down a womsn'S flesh.
Miss Cassie Douglass. who Is widely known
as the Irish beauty, takes 8 three mile stroll
every morning 70 aid her digestion and s
Turkish bath three tirpes week.
Isabelle Urquhart Of the New Yori, Casino.
practises every morning with IudIan clubs,
She swings these and also pair Of five pound
dumb bells very vel, and in this manner
hariens her flesh ana keeps her figure in
proper shape.-N ashiHgton Post.
Wichita eagle., 1890-03-04
Sanitary Street Cleansing.

A trial was lately made in London of ma
chine which promises 60 usher in a new era
in the annals of street cleaning.
A circular water tank, capable of holding
about 500 gallons of water, is mounted on
three wheels, with pipe supplying sprink-
ling tube fixed across, and close to the pole in
front of the machine. Under the tank in the
rear is an IDdia rubber screw shaped revoly-
ing roller which rotates on the ground in an
opposite direction to that of the wheels, and
in conjunction with water flowing from the
sprinkling tube, thoroughly cleanses the
roadway and carries the mud aside. The
machine works very rapidly, being drawn
either by one or two horses, and is adapted
equally well for dry end wet weather.
1t IS claimed that tEe streets III which the
demonstration took place we're very thorough
" cleaned, being not merely brushed over.
but washed, and SO left sweet as well as clean.