davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28

he shall not be convicted at all. This is
right. and not only right but it Is OF iunda-
mental importance. If guilty person can
be convicted in an irregular way without
due process of law so can the innocent, and
no one would be safe. The security of the
great mass of the community, in their rights
of person and estate, depends on the OBJ
servance of these rules. Therefore, the
accused, no matter how guilty he may be,
has the constitutional right to be defended
by counsel and to be convicted according to
the law of the land. The law does not wish
to convict him in any other way, and the
Court will not permit it to be done. If the
defendant cannot employ counsel the
Court will appoint member of the bar to
defend him.
CONVICT ONLY LEGALLY.
"CIients usually tell their counsel that
they are innocent. But suppose that
lawyer should discover in the course OF
trial that his client is undoubtedly guilty,
ought he then to abandon the case? Assur-
edly not. His client has still the right to
be convicted legally, and it is the duty of
his counsel to see that it is so done, if he
is convicted at all. This Is a duty he
owes his client, the Court and the COM
munity.
GA doctor would not be excusable If, when
he made up his mind that a suffering
patient was going to die. he should pick up
his medicines and instruments and leave
him to bis fate. 1t is his business, if he
can't save his life. to hand him down to the
grave decently and in order. A lawyer is
sometimes in much the same predicament.
He may come to see that his client ought to
be hung, and that it is very probable he
will be, yet it is his duty to go and stand
by him and see that he goes to the gallows
according to the law of the land.
THE IDEAL AND THE REAL.
''It would certainly be dastardly thing
for the lawyer to play the detective, and
after having secured his confidence, to turn
from his client and aid in convicting him.
"But mark this: 1t is the duty of the
/ wyer to secure the legal rights of his
client, and that by fair and legitimate means.
He is not to lie or cheat on behalf of his
client. If he does that he is simply liar
and rascal like anybody else. A lawyer is
bound under all circumstances to avoid de-
ception, fraud and corrupt practices. He
don't hire himself to his clients for those
purposes.
"But don't the actual practice of the pro-
fession often fall far below that ideal? Some
times it does, but perhaps not more fire.
quently than human achievement falls be-
low the ideal in other walks of life.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
Northwest Investigators Find Some Very
Interesting Relics.

Northwest Investigators Find Some Very
Interesting Relics.
Victoria antiquarians are at present brim-
full of enthusiasm over the subject of graves
the ancient sepulchers long known to exist
on Macauley Point having recently been
made the subject OF special investigation.
The graves are very numerous about Macari-
lay Point, but they are also to be found at
Cadboro Bay, while there are perhaps half a
dozen on Beacon Hill itself. On digging
into the little mounds big fiat stone will
invariably be found covering the roughly
constructed little box grave of stones. The
body in each case is found placed in the
same position, doubled up chin and knees
together, and laid on the right side with
the head to the south. The method of
doubling up the body for burial is adopted
by all the Indians of the coast to-day, but
they are never known to place their dead un-
der the groundi they even prefer to place
them IN a tree-top. The skeleton now in
the possession of Mr.. Hastings is that of
very small human being, having some of
the peculiarities Of the siVash or the
Chinese.
1t is also argued by those who claim that
the Mongolian tribes of Northern China
and the Indian races Of the coast are the
same family; that in the existence of
these graves is found another proof
of their theory. To this day the
llamas of Manchuria and Mongolia con-
tinue the custom of burying their dead in
a kneeling posture, often cross-legged,
after the Buddhistic style. The moment
life has fled the body is made to take this
position, and in this posture is committed
to the earth. It is thought that the stone
graves in and about the city bear the heavy
slab covering they do to protect the bodies
placed therein from the wild beasts. The
graves are in good preservation,
and in a few have been found
arrowheads, but no other implements or
utensils. The race thus buried were evil
IDENTIFY arace Of dwarfs, but the skull is of bet
ter shape than that of the present generation
of Coast Indians. Signs of rude intrench-
ments or Notifications, supposed to have
been thrown up by the same race, have also
been discovered near this city, and paper
on them: and the supposed builders will very
shortly be published.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
MTEGRITY OF TER Law.
George Shirss, Jr., Tells Why Prisoners are
Always Worthy of Defense.

George Shiras, Jr., Tells Why Prisoners are
Always Worthy of Defense.
George Shiras Jr., is an attorney of long
experience at the Allegheny county bar,
ami one OF the most profound membera of
The profession. He said;
at is chiefly important in criminal cases
TO notice the presumption of the law that no
man should be regarded as guilty until SO
found. 1t is supposed to be from the theory
OF law that no innocent man be found guilty.
II is important that on the part of the per-
son charged with a crime there should be
entire freedom of disclosure to his counsel,
and if it were then permitted for the lawyer
TO refuse to defend tue person, he would
then be exercising the functions of court
and jury IN so pronouncing the man guilty.
If the Individual should reveal his guilt, it
would still be the lawyers duty to give him
the benefit OF the law, and of all such de-
fenses as unCer the law can be made.
This must be done to maintain the law
in its integrity as a protection to citizens,
any one OF whom may at any time be charged
with crime. This is Of greater Importance
than the fate of single delinquent.
Civil cases are in nature quite different.
In them no lawyer of repUte, or one who is
entitled 10 confidence, will take case either
Ior plaintiff or defendant where the cause of
such clients is based in dishonesty or moral
turpItude. But it may be, and sfterward
is the duty of the lawyer 10 advocate that
side OF legal question which he feels to be
the wrong one, or rather in which he be-
lieves the law TO be against his clients
But this, again, is il order that in case of
dispute the decision may be made by the
established tribunals, and not by a lawyer
in his private capacity. Courts sometimes
change their decisions on even important
questions, and while the lawyer may we'll
advise against ill-founded litigation it may
yet frequently be his duty to fight in los.
ing cause"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28

for instance, an insolvent debtor fails to dis
close his true estate, it is no teult OF ours
that subsequent events prove his case to have
been O fraud on creditors. No honorable
person, however, will serve the schemes of
clients whose avowed intentions indicate
dishonorable purposes or unjust measures.
Attorneys are bound only in conscience and
duty 10 the Court to refuse counsel and SER
vices in matters that palpably indicate dis
honesty on the part Of those seeking their
aid as such.
1t is false philosophy that prevails in
the minds of the rude populace that q
lawyer must necessarily be dishonorable,
because, forsooth, the case he pleads turns
out to be dishonorable one. The fact is
that he himself but too often finds that the
history of the affair, as first given by his
client, was false and untrue. This. FORUM
ately, does not frequently occur. but there
are exceptions.
NOBILITY OF THE PROFESSION.
We cannot penetrate the hidden secrets Of
the mind, and have no right to accuse
clients of evasion or untruth, except by the
light of actual facts discovered. The law
shields wherever there be a reasonable doubt;
the majesty of the law in this respect is the
guide TO attorneys, TO which they intallibly
bow when discriminating between cases ac-
ceptable and those which should be re-
jected.
Unfortunately the world has grown to be-
lieve of lawyers what few have taken the
trouble to deny, and still fewer to condemn
as inconsistent with the nobility of pro-
fession which had its origin in the bosom of
divinity itself. The honest advocate achieves
many a noble conquest. Himself impressed
with the truth of the cause he represents,
his conviction lends dignity to his language
and force to his arguments. What he says
comes from his heart, and goes to the hearts
of his hearers. Doing the duty of neither a
hireling nor a partisan, he personifes his
own views, and ii these be really honorable,
he cannot fail. If, on the other hand, he
were necessarily influenced by suspicion
which he has no facts to sustain, his elo-
ouence would be as idle as the winds and
his arguments as futile as the prattling of
an infant babe. Faith in his case and faith
in his clients right are the alpha and
omega OF his entire success.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
IMPORTANCE OF PRECEDENT.
No Defense for a Guilty Man Might Tend to
Convict Innocent Ones.

No Defense for Guilty Man Might Tend to
Convict Innocent Ones.
Sol Schoyer, Jr., one of the ablest attor-
neys in the city, said in response to the
query, "Why or how can lawyer defend a
case when he is impressed that his client is
guilty?"
81 have very little practical knowledge of
criminal cases and criminal procedure, but
I would explain that the presumption of
law is that every man is innocent until he
has been proven guilty, and that it is mat
ter of highest concern that a defendant in O
criminal case should be convicted according
to the forms of law and the rules of evidence,
no matter how guilty he may actually be, or
how guilty his attorney may know that he
is-for the reason that the precedent estab-
Hsbed in his case may be subsequently used
for the conviction of defendant who is act
ually innocent A lawyer goes into a case
as one standing in the place OF the defend
ant, and, as
AN OFFICER OF THE COURT,
objects to the evidence presented, in
order that it may be submitted to the
scrutiny of the Court, and to see that the
evidence on behalf of the defendant is also
fairly presented to the scrutiny of the
Court, and ne, the attorney, has nothing to
do with the results. The law, as applica-
bic to the evidence, is to be laid down by
the Judge, and the facts are to be found by
the jury, and the lawyer himself is simply
impersonal.
las respects civil cases, most
attorneys of respectability decline
to carry through the civil
courts cases wherein they are convinced
that the defendants have no defense, object
ing to be made, through their professional
capacity, the instrument for robbery of the
plaintiffs to any degree whatever. But it is to
be observed that the law affords unfortunate
debtors some matters of relief; as for in
stance, where a debt is honestly due, q stay
of execution is permitted after judgment is
obtained, and the process of obtaining judg-
ment sometimes involves the procedure Of
trial.
AN ERRONEOUS IDEA.
"a wrong impression, think, prevails
in the community in respect to lawyers. I
have been at the bar ior a long time and
have very large acquaintance with the
members of the bar ana with the Judges.
As respects civil cases, my judgment is that
there is but very small percentage-al-
most imperceptibly smalI-ot cases actually
taken through the courts, through the pro-
cess oil trial, where the attorneys of the de-
PENDANTS have reason to know and believe
that the defendants have no just defense.
"If no higher notion of the honor of the
profession was involved, lawyers know very
we'll that the judges would visit with con-
demnation, expressed or implied, their ef-
forts to prostitute the procedures of the
courts for tine advantage of defendants hav-
ing no defense. 1t often happens that law
yers have reached wrong conclusions of law
and have been misled by their clients as to
the merits of their cases, but in such cases
the fault is evidently not with the lawyers. I"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
MAY SATISFY BOTH.
Russian Hebrews VIII be Warmly
Welcomed in South America.

Russian Hebrews VIII be Warmly
Welcomed in South America.
The rising Republics of South Americs
are likely to profit by the fanatical efforts Of
Russia to get rid OF her most industrious
class of citizens. A hundred thousand i'm
migrants have settled in Brazil within the
last three years, and they are doing so well
that the philanthropic Baron Hirseh is max
ing inquiries with view to the Transports
tion of 500, 900 Hebrews from Russia to
Brazil and the Argentine Republic.
Russia is by no means overpopulated, but
she has seen fit to impose 80 many burdens
on her Hebrew subjects that as many Of
them as can get away are forced to leave,
and there have been many grave queries ss
to where they can 60. South America, more
liberal, welcomes them. and will have her
reward for doing so. They will find there .
milder climate and more fertile soil than in
Russia, mines of various kinds in which
they can work, and room for all the trades
they choose to practice. Above all, they
will be free from persecution, religious or
political, can acquire land and own prop
erty, and there is no question that they will
develop the wealth of the country at . very
rapid rate.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
LADIES WHO sM0KK
More Cigarettes Consumed In the BoudoIr
Than Man Dreameth OF

More Cigarettes Consumed In the BoudoIr
Than Man Dreameth OF
New York Press.1
In the secret Of boudoir and parlor there
are more cigarettes smoked by members of
the feminine gender these days than the soul
of man dreameth Of People, especially
men, who firmly believe that all young
American women hold the weed in abhor-
renee will smile skeptlcally at this assertion,
but that is because they know nothing
about it.
The fact is that the consumption of
dainty cigarette or two has become regular
thing with goodlY number of women who
believe it romantic or a sure cure for ennui.
The other day young man called on girl
friend and was petrifed by a naive appeal
that he disregard subtle odor of tobacco
clinging to her breath and garments, as she
had just finished cigarette" He now
confesses that he would not be surprised, if
whisky drinking soon became popular tad
with the ladies, and declares he will never
marry.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28

Is firmly convinced that the man in prison
was innocent We at once applied ior his
pardon, and had him liberated from the peni-
tentiary after he had been there year and
3 ha.f
mo, sir; if you we're 20 abolish the Gus
ioru Q, having Il lawyer defend a criminal,
even though he is impressed with his guilt,
you would establish a reign OF terror. In
stead OF justice, lynch law would rule, and
that is lawlessness. Society would be
transformed. The mob would take the law
in its own hands and punish persons whom
it believes to be guilty without giving them
$ chance for life That would never do.
Law and order must always prevail"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
4 NOBLE PROFESSION
which Josiah Cohen Says Had Its Origin In
tire Bosom of Divinity.

which Josiah Cohen Says Had Its Origin In
tire Bosom of Divinity.
Josiah Cohen, the Diamond street sttor-
ney, and leader in Hebrew society, wrote
the following as his reply to the question
submitted to him;
1t is & fundamental principle Of jurispru-
dencs that to the prisoner belongs the doubt.
The came theory applies in civil cases
where lawyers, after listening to matters
submitted to them, become suspicious of the
liability OF guilt of their client It is
neither the duty nor the policy of an attor-
ney to determine the guilt of one who pre-
sents a case which, though bearing the ear
marks of injustice, yet fails Of any express
statement or circumstance to sustain such
suspicion. Members of the bar have no
right, either moral or legal, to brand an
applicant for his services as being un-
worthy unless the case disclosed shows
clearly absolute guilt or liability.
LAWYERS SOMETIMES vICTIMIzED.
We deal with clients on the presumption
that their cases as related are precisely in
accordance with the facts impaired; if il be
otherwise, the fault is not ours and we are
lAal' ti.e ~irtiAas OF misplaced confidence. L.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
An Awful Female Ghost


An ordinary man ghost Is bad enough,
but for genuine horror the female spook
takes the cake. John King, of Foxboro,
Ont, is haunted by the restless spirit Of
some woman who ought to be quiet in
her grave, but isn't. She is of medium
height, fair complexion, red hair, and q
grip like wise. One day last week King
and friend were walking along the street
talking about the Mckinley bill, when the,
ghostess, all unknown to Kings companion,
made an onslaught upon her victim, and
gave his wrist such sprsin that he hasn't
been able to use it since. Two days later
the same ghost met the poor wretch on q
country road and gave him another drub-
bing. He was nearly dead when found.
The whole village is excited over the occur
renee, and unless the spirit il laid trouble
will ensue,
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
Alas and A1ack.

Washington Post.I
''Alas," said the Christmas turkey, ''to
find after all the facetious remarks there
have been made about me. that am at Last
to be stuffed with ohestnuts."
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
oUR CIVIL LIBERTY,
Harvey Henderson's Interesting Discussion
of the Legal Problem.

Harvey Henderson's Interesting Discussion
of the Legal Problem.
Harvey Henderson. the Grant street law.
yer, has some interesting views on the sub
ject of THE DIsPAToH's inquiry. He
vritesl
EVERY man who is put on triad for an Of
tense has the right to be tried according to
the law of the land, This is sacred right
secured by constitutional provisions. The
Constitution of the United States provides
that no person shall be deprived of life,
liberty or property without due process of
law-that is, without the formal and reg
ular means which the law has established
for determining causes. One of the estab-
lished means is the employment Of counsel.
The Constitution of Pennsylvania provides
that In all criminal prosecutions the &C.
cused hath right to be heard by himself
and his counsel These rights are there
fore of so much importance a. to be en-
bodied in
THE ORGANIC LAW
of the land; and those who are familiar with
the history of civil liberty are aware that
these are among the rights which were
wrested from oppressors by our English an
cestors after ages OF conflict. You will OBJ
serve that these rights are secured to all
accused persons. whether innocent or guilty.
A defendant on trial, who is actually guilty
Of the crime charged, has precisely the same
constitutional right to the services of a law
yer in his defense as another defendant
charged with the same offense, who In limo
cent.
Who knows whether,a person accused of
crime is innocent or guilty? Is there to be
some sort of investigating committee to sit
beforehand on the case and determine the
question of guilt, and then allow the party
who is said by the committee to be innocent
to have the assistance of counsel, while the
other, said to be guilty, shall be allowed no
one to stand up In his behalf2 Shall the
lawyer be such private committee, to sit
in private judgment on the case of accused
persons2 The very purpose for which the
courts are organized and the aim of trial
is to determine the facts. The defendant is
presumed by the law to be innocent until
he is proven guilty. The lawyers ON both
sides are very important officers of the
court in determining the facts.
NOT LYNCH Law.
"Our courts administer the law Of the
land-not lynch law. The wisdom and e1-
perince OF centuries have established certain
rules and methods of procedure that are the
best adapted to ascertain the truth, to pun
ish the guilty and to protect the innocent
The law says that all persons accused must
be convicted according to these rules and
principles. 1t says, moreover, that unless
the defendant can be convicted in this rav
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
In Sympathy With Hin.

New York Herald.i
Cholly-what did Bessis's father say
when you told him you had lost your heart.
Arthur-He sympathized With me-saia
he had mislAid club.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
Plenty of Spring About II

fIeny OF SPfInH Apout II
Boston Courier.l
''That is undoubtedly spring chicken"
said the Doarder.
at is, smiled the landlady.
~ tnpuyht SO; sort o. whalebone spring.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
WORKING A GROCER.

stake moderately thriving grocer, usual
ly German, close-fsted and opinionated.
I've got grand bluff for such man. The
other day 1 struck one on the West Side.
There were several new groceries in the
neighborhood, and made up my mind that
I must sell to this particular man to reach the
rest walked into his place one afternoon
when he was not husY aud looked admir-
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-28
CATCHING THE OTHER FELLOWS.

"Now, when that safe is being moved in I
hustle around to all the good saloons in the
neighborhood and over drink casually re-
mark to the proprietor that so and SO, around
the corner, is putting in very handsome
safe. He don't know my business and 1
don't tell him, but find out all about mis-
ideas on the question in about five minutes
and leave such of his customers as happen
to be around at the time talking about sa les,
burglars and the good business of the other
fellow. I've got pretty stiff stomach for
drinks and work that section pretty thor
oughly in this way. I've sized them up,
see?
"Well, don't you know, some of those fel-
lows will go right out from behind the bar
and go and see that safe being moved into
so and SOS. In day or two 1 60 over that
ground and sell-yes, sir, sell. Some are
slow, some reasonable and cautious and
haggling. and some briskly come down at
once. 1t is not uncommon to 90 into q place
and sell q safe in five minutes.