davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13

words, it is true-but each requiring to
be separately learned.
1t is just so with English. A Ger
man or any other foreigner trained in
an English scientific school would be
very poorly off for general English
reading--and just so truly is person
whose whole education has been in an
English literary school poorly off in
trying to understand the terms of sci
ence belonging to the language. 1t is
for this reason that we try to impress
upon our readers the Importance of in
Producing elementary science teaching
into our common schools. Every in
dustrial occupation in modern times is
dependent for its success upon a knowl-
edge of the natural sciences-and none
more so than agriculture. We have
spent years in trying to make the ele-
ments of agricultural science-agricul
tural chemistry and botany especially
plain to large circle of readers in
this and other publications. This work
we have found TO be practically of COM
paratively little use, because our read
ers were never, while in school,
taught any of the terms used. What
education they had was literary, while
the education that would be most use
full TO them includes a knowledge of
the elements of those sciences which
have grown up out of the study of ma
ture-of the world about us. This
great field of study and thought is a
blank to nine-tenths of the farmers of
the land. The whole tendency of our
school training is away from it, and
thus we farmers (and mechanics as
welD are showed out into life from the
school-house door without even the al
phabet of language in which is en-
bodied the very essentials of our bust
ness. The chance which threw us un-
der the instruction of scientific rather
than literary schoolmaster was worth
far more than any mere money inner
itance TO us, and we can do no less
than to strive, while we live, for science
teaching in the public schools. We
find only opposition to this from those
whose training has been classical-but
right and common sense will win in
the end.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
Send on your dollar and receive book by return mail
OLIVER OITSON COMPANY, Boston, Mass.
For Sale!

will sell at bargain any of the following prop
erty OF the late Charles H. Heath, consisting of
homestead and three-tOurths acre of land; four
nearly new houses, with gardens situated ON Barre
street, Montpelier; one tenement-house I'm Barre,
near quarries pasture near rlainheld Villages New
Marshheld farm In Peacham; small farm in Oranges
one portable engine; one Wright a Sons nearly new
planer; one polishing wheel; top-carragej four
secondhand buggies one lumber wagon and har-
ness one cart and harness; three sleds, two light
harnesses two three and four.yearold colts law
library and onice furniture and bookcases. Must
be sold to close estate.
ALBERT JOHONNOTT, Administrator.
Montpelier, VT. March rs, 1890.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
The " Niter" Question.

Mr.. Wheeler's letter on this subject
will be read with interest. In speak
ing of the sap of trees he seems not to
recognize the difference between the as
cending, or crude sap, and the elaborated
sap--i. e., the sap after it has circulated
through what may be called the lungs
of the tree-its leaves. Their copsti-
tuition is very different. The roots take
up the soil water with very little power
of selection. In fact, in strict way of
speaking, they have none. Yet, as the
wood cells refuse to take up soluble
mineral matter, of which they already
have enough for the demands of the
growing tree, this amounts to an ex-
clusion of any matters, however soluble,
which the growing tissues can n OF use.
The sap taken up is simply the soil
water with whatever is dissolved in it,
The most common soluble mineral in
soils is lime, and this goes into the tree
in this way. This lime carrying sap
passes upward from cell to cell, and
soon combines with any active vege-
table acid it meets with in the elabo-
rated sap it encounters on its way.
Malic acid is found in the organized
sap of the maple more abundantly than
any other. 1t is produced in the leaves,
and passes through the sap wood in all
directions, following the open spaces,
either tubes or cells. Meeting the
lime, it dissolves it, and this partly re-
mains in the wood and is partly thrown
out into the bark. Fire destroys the
organic acids, and so in the ashes of
wood and bark we find lime, generally
as carbonate. But if we collect the
sap when it starts to flow in the spring
we find in it the lime of the soil water
just after it has been converted into a
malate, by meeting the free malic acid
in the organized sap of the previous
season.
The sap we make sugar of is mix
ture of the ascending soil water sap,
with the organized sap constituting the
new wood material lying in the outer
grains of last year growth. In this
there exists sugar. Whether it existed
all winter as sugar there, or as starch,
and is changed into sugar in meeting
the ascending sap, is perhaps not quite
certain. But at any rate the sap we
boil down is the ascending soil water
in which sugar of last years production
is dissolved. AS this sap thus contains
malate of lime as well as sugar, and as
this malate crystalizes out and settles
when the syrup thickens to certain
point, we easily see where the enter "
comes from and why it is more abun-
dant in trees growing in limy soils than
on others.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
" Scientific " English.

A correspondent asks us what we
mean when we speak of literary"
and " scientific" English, and wants
to know "if there is more than one
English language?" To which we re-
ply that there are not only two but
many kinds of English. Nearly all
trades and professions have large
number of words coined or adopted to
express special ideas relative to each.
Covering every field of thought and ac-
tivity, the English-speaking peoples
have now by far the most copious vo-
cabulary ever used by single race of
men. Every citizen should fully I'M
derstand that part of this vast word
lore which relates to his own occupa-
ton; but he can not do so without
proper instruction. Literary English,
in which works of fiction, history, BIZ
ography, travels, etc., etc., are written
is taught in our literary schools but a
very good acquaintance with this part
of our language only leaves an even
well-educated student quite helpless
when he undertakes to read some
treatise or article relative to any
branch of pure or applied science.
Scientific terms, in order that they may
be the same the world over, have been
mostly drawn from the Latin and
Greek languages. Yet, as the ancients
knew nothing of science in the mod
ern sense, this use of their languages
admits of very little benefit being de-
rived by the scientific student from a
knowledge of them as taught in liter
airy schools. Taken out of their orig
inal connection and association, the
Greek and Latin adopted into the mod
ern systems of science constitute a
mere addition to all the languages of
civilization.
To illustrate this difference between
the literary and scientific branches of
modern languages, we may mention an
early experience of our own. In the
'40's, when we were at school, the best
textbooks of science were in French
and having a teacher who had received
his education in France we were
obliged, as it were, to study French
and the sciences together-and we
vainly imagined that when we had
done that we knew French. But the
first attempt made at reading the
French class books of sister who had
been at fashionable school took the
conceit entirely out of us. They were
two different languages-with the same
grammatical forms and many identical
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13

THE Connecticut Farmer says ave
do not feel that we ever need apologize
to the Farmers readers for urging
sheep-raising upon their attention. We
do sometimes hesitate when, week after
week, year in and year out, we read of the
ravages of dogs among the Aocks, but
it seems tous that the surest remedy for
this evil will be found in the general
return of our farmers to this branch of
agriculture" There would be no
trouble about the sheep business any
way if farmers generally would stand
by each other, as men in other lines of
business understand that they must.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13

THE PULPIT AND THE STAGE.-Rev.
F. M. Shrout, pastor United Brethren
Church, Blue Mound, Kan, says:
" | feel it my duty to tell what Won
ders DIR. Kings New Discovery has
done for me. Ny lungs were badly
diseased, and my parishioners thought
/ could live only few weeks. l took
five bottles of DIR. Kings New Dis
covery and am sound and well, gaining
twenty-six pounds in weight" Arthur
Love, Manager Loves Funny Folks
Combination, writes: " After a thor
ough trial and convincing evidence 1
am confident DR.. Kings New Discovery
for Consumption beats 'em all and
cures when everything else fails. The
greatest kindness l can do my many
thousand friends is to urge them to try
it," Free trial bottles at all drug-stores.
Regular sizes fifty cents and Sl.00.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13

and witnessed your untiring labors, can
know. You have fought good fight
hand-to-hand fight with nature. You
have conquered, and it is right and
fitting that you should celebrate the
victory" The success hewn out at
New Sweden has been a notable one,
and it speaks well for the pluck, perse-
verance, thrift and other solid qualities
of the Swedish peasantry, such as make
up the bulk of this community, and
such as have now been brought over to
form the nucleus of movement to re-
store to our Vermont hill farms frugal,
industrious and enterprising popula-
ton. -Ph1niT.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
Ash of Sap.
the end.

The questions, What is the name of
the sediment found in thick maple
syrup? How came it there? and What
is its mission? are questions that seem
to remain unanswered. Scientific men
and doctors disagree, while sugar-mak-
ers fire answers at random. What this
precipitate is seems to be as unsettled
as high tide or hot syrup itself. There
are many theories advanced in regard
to what is commonly called inter.
Scientists call it form of lime, usually
malate, etc. l am not known in print,
but am not stranger in the sugar.
place; have run ten hundred trees for
twenty years, so when sap run did not
have much time to experiment, but l
understand it to be liquid containing
all the elements that 60 to build up a
maple tree, just the same as the blood
of the human body contains all the
elements that are required for its nutri-
ton. This substance Chat for con-
venience we will call niter) is in the
sap; clean sap is as clear as crystal, the
inter is imperceptible to the eye; the
very finest of particles Gf this is not I'M
scientitic), containing wood fiber. This
fiber will burn when subjected to sutfi-
cient degree of heat; l don't know just
what degree this is, but it is found
where boiling maple syrup is passing
the density of eleven pounds to the gal
Ion, then the fiber burns, is turned to
ashes and precipitates. You may call
it inter, lime or potash, but it is the
mineral matter remaining after burn
ing a maple tree, root and branch.
Nature says of the tree, the same as she
does of man, dust thou art, unto dust
Waterbury Center, vt.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
The Swedish Colony in Maine.

AT the same time with the recent
visits of Commissioner Valentine, Gov
ernor Dillingham; and Governor-to-be
Page to the experimental Swedish col
onies recently established in Vermont
an interesting event took place in con-
nection with the well-known Swedish
colony in Maine. This was the cele-
bration of the twentieth anniversary of
the founding of that colony in the woods
of northern Maine. A public meeting
was held, speeches were made by prom
inent citizens, and in the evening a
concert was given. An interesting part
of the exercises was the reading of let
ter from Hon. w. w. Thomas, Jr., who,
acting as commissioner for the state of
Maine, brought over the original colony,
and who is now the minister from the
United States to Sweden. The letter
recalls how, twenty years ago, the little
band of tifty-one men, women and chill
dren sailed away from their fatherland,
with the journey of 1000 miles before
them, to make themselves new
home in a wilderness in foreign land.
They had not so much as" the scratch
of pen," the letter says, "by way of
NOhtidSI VI ObllSaliOh1 tiSii
was on the honor and hospitality of the
state of Maine, and in their own cour-
age and industry. The "promsed
land" was reached near the end of
July " in the depths of the vast north
ern Forest" and the spot was called
New Sweden, in memory of the past
and as an augury of the future. From
that hour the work of the colony has
gone on without haste and without rest.
The little company of fifty" Mr.. Will
Jams says, /" has grown to number a
thousand. Where the dark forest stood
wave broad fields of grain. Sleek cattle
and thick-aeeced' sheep Craze in your
pastures, the busy hum of industry rises
from the mills along your water-courses,
free schools open their doors for your
children, on your hill-tops the church
spire points heavenward, with you are
an open Bible and the free worship of
God. But how ms ny blows of the axe,
how many drops of sweat it has cost to
turn each acre from forest to farmland
only you, and we who were with you
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
advertisements.
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Stops Pain Cramps, Inflammation in body or limb,
like magic. Cures Group Asthma Colds Catarrh, ChoI
Morbus, Dinrrhun, rheumatism, Neuralgia, Lame
back stiff Joints and Strains Full particulars free Price
So cts postpaid. L s. JOHNSON a. CO.. Boston, Mass.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13

states. But the cold fog of doubt and
delay and indifference is hanging about
us, and probably some Vermonter-led
state of the middle West will start the
reform in popular education, and about
the year 1000 old Vermont will begin
to think of adopting it,
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
BiSnnark

Says The King will see me
again He does not refer to
the " KING" Vaporizer, but if
he knew one 1.-THE of the
L" favors it confers upon its
subjects he would hasten to
send for the Sherman " King "
Vaporizer, and thus enjoy the
blessings which
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13

THE first day cows are put to grass
they wilt shrink in their milk. Why?
Because they run about the field so
much the exercise called for more
food of support and of course less was
left of food for profit; but the next day
they run less, and the grass begins to
tell in the increased milk Weld.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
Butter or Cheese.--A Poem.
BY JOHN LEDeErr, HUNTINGTON CENTER,

BY JOHN LEDGETT, HUNTINGTON CENTER, VI
When buffers cheap and cheese Is dear
Let all the butter.makers fear;
To making cheese you ought to go,
And that Is what I'd have you know,
But when we've had enough Of cheese
Then make the butter, If you please;
And when poor man wants to buy
hope you can his wants supply.
Whichever he wants, butter or cheese,
DO let him have it, If you please.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-08-13
farm ano Garoem.

Address all inquiries communications in relation
to agriculture to DIR. T. II. HosKINs, Newport, VT
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

$150) at the merely nominal rate of FIFTY
CENTS each. The former as a farmers
paper the latter as a household journal, are
popular publications. The Home Maker, an
elegant monthly edited by Marion Harland
recognized authority in household mat
ters, Good Housekeeping, a fortnightly Of
unrivaled excellence and Home Magazine,
edited by Mrs General Logan, are also
recommended to favorable attention.
The AMERICAN ECONOMIST is now added
to our clubbing list. 1t is published weekly
by The American Protective Tariff League,
and the student of the great economic ques-
tions of the day will find the Economist a
very valuable acquisition. We heartily
commend it to the attention of our readers
who desire to become well informed, to
procure all the facts of the practical work.
ing Of the protective tariff. 1t is conducted
by practical men, who are themselves part
of the great industrial interests of this
country See advertisement, page eight
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24
COMM ENTS.

To accommodate any subscribers to
either the WATcHMAN or CHRONICLE who
may wish to take both papers, we will make
the price of the two for one year THREE
DOLLARS
THE Home Market Bulletin is a tariff pub
lication, devoted to the idea its name i'm
plies. 1t is published by the Home Market
Club of Boston of which Colonel Albert
Clarke is secretary.
THE LADIES HOME JOURNAL is one of
the brightest, most popular and cheapest
publications of its kind in the United States.
Its list of contributors and its plans for the
ensuing year will leave it without rival
in interest and attractiveness. We com
mend it to the attention OF the ladies of the
WATCHMAN family.
LIPPINCoTT in the list above holds a
unique rank among the monthlies of the
country. story, complete in itself-fresh,
strong, original, piquant, wholesome-opens
each number. Once acquainted with its
merits and charms, we belle We it would be
the last of the periodicals one would feel
disposed to relinquish.
For the benefit of our mercural sub
scribers-and we assume that they all love
fun-we have added Judges Monthly
Magazine of Fun" to our clubbing list.
Not all fun-lOvers can afford to pay ten
cents copy for Judge or Puck. Our ar
rangements enable subscribers to procure
the monthly edition of Judge at a merely
nominal price.
The Cosmopolitan is one of the brightest,
most varied and best edited of the maga-
zines. 1t is the cheapest hgh-class illus
trated monthly in the world-1 ,536 pages,
by ablest writer's, with over 200 illustra-
lions by clever artists, at cost to sub
seribers to this paper of only SLIGO, which
is below the cost of production. This price
emily to nelo subscribers to the magazine.
In connection with this paper one or more
OF the following city weeklies will be fur
Hished for FoRTY-FIvE CENTS EACH New
York Tribune, NeU York Mail and Erpress
Boston Journal, Boston Advertiser. Pay
ment must be strictly in advance, both for
this paper and the city journals, and for a
full year. This offer is restricted, by the
oity publishers, to the Vermont subscribers
10 this paper.
FRANK LEsLIE's ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY
has recently come under new manage
ment and proprietorship-that of W. j..
Arkell and Russell b. Harrison. The paper
has been vastly improved, and has taken
long strides to the front. 1t now claims to
be by all odds the most widely circulated
. journal Of its character in the United
States. 1t is in every Sense paper for the
household, in which men, women and chill
dren find abundant sources OF delight.
NOTICE the fact that we are Offering the
Mirror and Farmer (publishers' price $1.0O)
and the Cottage Hearth (publishers' price
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24
Hon. Il. r. Walton Dead.

Hon. Eliakim Persons Walton who had
been ill for long time, died early last
week Friday morning at his home in Mont
pelier. The funeral was held Sunday after
noon at two o'clock, Rev. G.. w. Gallagher
conducting the services, in which President
NJ. III. Buckham OF the University of YER
mont assisted. Mr.. Gallagher in his re-
marks referred especially to Mr.. Walton's
home and church life, while President
Buckham spoke of his public career in
warm and generous words of commenda-
ton The choir of Bethany church rem
dered " Asleep in Jesus +" in very impress
sive manner. The floral offerings con-
sisted of pillow from Mr. Frank o. Field
of st. Louis, with the word Father" " in
immorteles, an ivy wreath with rose buds
from Mr.. and Mrs. G. G. Benedict of
Burlington, an ivy cross from Mrs; Wal
ton, and cut flowers from Mr.. and Mrs.
Goodwin of Fair Haven, Mrs. Joseph
Howes, Mrs. G. A. Best and others.
The pall-bearers were Colonel e. p. jew
EFT, Rev, G. S. Smith, Hon. Joseph Po-
land, Hon. John A. Page, DIR. IL. S.
Boardman, and Mr.. George w Scott, and the
bearers were hessrs. E. ID. Blackwell, III.
A. Huse, A. j, Howe and Hiram Carleton.
The remains We're placed in the tomb at
Green Mount cemetery. Especially com
forting to the bereaved relatives are the
many messages OF sympathy which have
been received from friends of the deceased.
Among these was one from Senator Morrill,,
who said: " Mr.. Walton was my much es-
teemed, lifelong friend, and his decease
oppresses me with grief. | tender you my
heartfelt sympathy" Rev. Howard II. Hill
said: "Our most tender remembrances and
most earnest prayers for your loved house,
hold" For these and other similar express
sions and for the kind and loving assistance
which friends and neighbors have given Mrs
Walton during her husbands long illness,
the bereaved wife is most grateful. large
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

For publishing obituary notices five cents
line will henceforth be charged those who
are subscribers to this paper. To all others,
ten cents line. The cost of publishing
these notices is considerable and their in
creasing length and number compels us to
charge our subscribers rate that is merely
nominal. THE PUBLISHERS.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24
Clubbing List.

The following offers are for the benefit
only Of subscribers to this paper who pay
all arrearages and a years subscription in
advance. One or more of the publications
may be ordered, but the money for each, at
the club rate, must invariably accompany
the order. The "club-rate " is always $500
less than the amount given in the second
column of figures
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1890-12-24

If you have job of printing of any kind
send to the WATCHMAN office.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-10-15

Music pupils will do well ID call at
2lS Church street.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-10-15
THE HUSTINGS COURT.
Judge William Gordon Robertson Pr.

Judge William Gordon Robertson Pre-
siding.
The following business was transacted
in this court yesterday:
Additional indictments were made
by the grand jury yesterday: Nose
Saunders. felony, two true bills; james
Robertson, felony, true bill. Gus
Howard. felony, a true bill, James Muir.
rillfclony Il true bill. After making these
indictments the grand jury adjourned.
Oswcll $. Hawkins qualified as 4
notary public.
Thomas Temple Powell qualified as
attorney at law.
charter was granted to the Roam
olle Real Estate Company; also to the
Duval Engine Company.
Joe Flippin, charged with cutting
Jesse Blanton, was fined $50 and sem
fenced to four months in Jail.
George w. Myers was granted a di-
vorcc, mensa ct thoro. from his wife.
Sallic &. Myers.
The condemnation proceedings in the
case of the Roanoke and Southern rail
road, which were set for yesterday.
were continued until to-day.