New-York tribune., 1890-05-21

\rgeui'na and Bolivia II has an AREA Of over
'"".uou square miles aud population o'
!.Noo,n 600 II contains three longitudinal belts
with essentially different physical characteristics
aud productions. The trSt is the rain.esS coast.
broken into fertile valleys where the Andcan
streams empty into the sca The second is the
'ordilcras. ranging between 200 and $50 miles
| IN width and forming three lines of lofty monr-
| tnins The third Is the Amazon Nallev-a vast
stretch OF fertile table lands and tropical woods
O1t of the ten state and SN private railways, ONLY
t"" penetrate 80 the heart of the Andes. The
! other lines detached spurs running from ih"
COAST short dis,anccS inland 10 snail towns The
two mountain railways in their unfinished state,
Hr" not highways either to the rich silver districts
~ the Sierra or 10 the wonderful agricultural belt
"i lie Montana. The system has not been we'll
designed. since IL connects the towns in the lower
! valleys not with one another, ht each with an
| insignificant and hncushna port. Callao alone
| being place oi any prominence The monnsln
| railways while marvcs OF engineering skill, are
unptoductivc investments. since they do not fur
niSh outlets for thc trade 81 the chief industrial
| communities of the Sierra aud the Montana, the
| most important Sections ot Pcrn The hondhod-
crS under their contract for the liquidation oi the
public debit under pledge To extend this rail
way system 200 miles within siN years. complc'-
ing the central line To OroNa. carving tie 'n/c"
| line from Santa Rosa 10 Mnrngani aud Sicuani.
| aud hIildIng Too miles Of new railway IN any
direction which may hc considered most ad-
| Nanta grOus Even with these extensions. the raj
WY system will hardly hc mor than half fin
! shed and hc richest mineral and agricultural re-
eions will remain without direct communications
with the coast Oroya Is Insignificant ter
mnal point. and the central line con never D."
considered completed until direct connections are
| made with Cerro dr Pa>co IN the north and with
the naysablc waters Of the Amazon on the east
Marangani is a hudd'e of Indian buts. and Sicuani
| hardly moro than an Inca village market; and
! Cu1co will still remain isolated when the proposed
extensions are made
THE INCN Roads AND TRtNCHF~.
II Is probable that Mr. Ncggs. IN planning fls
mountain and coast railways. w's swaycd by
emulation of the achievements of the Inca en-
gincers before tie spanish conquest They built
the most lnlcnous roads over tie tordIllcraS. the
remains of which s-c SIN TO be- seen, and they
! epinucd the widest rivers with rope bridges.
iuc Inca Empire. at the height of d., power. cN-
/ tended from the equator to what Is Low Central
, hli In oldcr Ia facilitate the march oi armies aud
thc Nclopnrnl "i native industries. the conquer
INK race built highways IN The mountain Psieaus
inland. from Qult" L. tDIrp ana litiraca. and
: encs into BrulIa Win equal skill works ot
irrigation. hN wIch Tho coast valleys Of lrrL were
hcPt under hi~h s'"tc oi cu.t' 'tion. were dc-
used. and we'll bnlit That portions OF them
are iu u>c TODAY 100 the .iaet ards ana COTTON
carnations pi Iclg. llr luclS we're tAc ercst|Sb
and mos, pr. r'Ictl toad -uascrS "i dntilhN Ihc'
,Id mol euftstr. ID. rIf pubIir WutkN where tNrIr
pes uo fr.rr, hlt Where highways were u"'rh
u order to CONNIE. The centres oi their wonderful
.t,nMuou Nh'r irrigation VS. of more im.
tpifau,r tuau fptuAtN .urt h4Ii dtiu~ ni
.4,,c~>.c cc>ouon> 81 mountain streams. and
/ i--cI.ulfs toi thc storage cd. water. 'no lower
i .pNu they 'Wueucd Tire -ur4"> o' TIE sierra ana
uuL Iouy eanals BOO the .llg VII N.I--s and
Jas Peruvian ASSOC, if"S vho ORG mated iir picSil
unfinished s.sfcu oi o. hlic worNs were Jess
practical lu iuclr methods fhan me lu".~ one
u,u "t 10" moue, expended on railways. IL I
bad been applied tn ruEai,on N"ihN. MuuF h'f"
siurmeI htIfcu coast iuio icttuc pIUiHIl'n>
aud blaming latlcf@ VIII p"'iril wisdom 10
hcatIus ihc raii"a' r"nir> NE ii'i" 'l l'"
/ rt-hf lllc hecu concentrated lu two ot ttfc"
I i,sris instead Of bcIuz srlffcrrd among TWENTY
nshnl villages. and th" P.cmatnf" h1hius -
/ ...f. nIpuni,ir i1ilgays which have NO terminal
points except insignificant Indian citen"nis w'ud
haVc hccn avoided altogether
The southern Peruvian system. wiilc buii'
largely with English money. ~, controlled hl
American contractors and engineers Hud cIuppr
with American machinery and rolling >i''N.
3 lhorndi,e an American, operated u 'i'ei MI
fci-.ss death but The 'a'rrrs "o'rininrhi look
lus-r,~of OF tie property under mnSi a,hiNtfA
'.uripii iou - vr~icl -ighs upcf fhr br1fc cor.
tract ii passes ntp the hands of ilc lnaish BOND
hoI.ef, Toe steamers OIL bake Iitiracn VIII con
I
hc sold iu tho new corporation about =" '~ or
tyed 900 landon The usc Of The "aief s' ,i"ui
nctwecn Areqr ps and Molendo ior The I'qhi"-
meDfs nf thr Tine j. ais, ccnc"drd nN ihr '".'ih
ricti VIII tho righ Of free navigation "u tie lftr
1ic houdholdcrs are empowered =" cNi"ud th"ir
railway from PunO to tie l"hNln li"nncf "h'i'
Nlr Ihorndtkc vino hns made private hsrcr
t.suf with them has already scrifcd concessions
Tor connecting the line with ia Pa7 we
southern system cal be- rarrl"f ~ far - 'n7c'
Ir fho north a1d l., Pa7 m the south. y may
lave 81 rcuuncihiitc traffic. and N"llcndo VIII
lccomo an important coast base iDf shipping
produce and supplies
rur nllop oF the .NCN~
TIA. ponuIaiior ~ Fern comprises the most
diverse clements Tie Monana D, icuan'ed al
most wholly D., Indian trihc-. many OF them wild
In thc sierra town, and villages are ~ be- found
the Inca and Aymsra indians. and large propor
tu,n of me population consists OF Ncn'1oe "f
l,,fcast,, In Lima. NluAa. Afacucho. Ai~Qulp'.
IruNIIlo CaNamarcl HuarrI .ud other ci'lr, 90"
ilc descendants of tle Npaniard. ol the 'onqu'ai
with Indians. Ncsizos. crcolc,, negroes "nd : DIT
rr,c Negro slatcIr WIS not abolished unin l~'',
hen o. substitute lor black labor hsd beer found
ff the thiucsc cuolc~ NhD HcGr FIRST imported DO
l~tn and were Subsequently empl'Acd III Ih'
sugar and cotton plantations. Lima TODAY has a
ht-r hiue,e qtlt rirr VIII this iuc"ugfpou' AL
u,lsturc OF alien i"rs, th' p'pnhli"n i'"",n'
lrrgeN Of tie aboriginal siOoN Inc uo~l '''
rl statistics shoN ttat the Indians and Nr1'/"'
form about -U per crut "i ~" cniuc p"P' i"h
II Peru II i> 400 iha' %ur' lhc HhI "' 'I'
ancient lncJs whose na.nhccii en-. urctinH ""IhS
atc sttli = Uv seen a. the 'oIdi'lcIdo. ana INV
remains OF wh"S" temples ana N'oi""d
architecture sr found 80 tu/c" an"
ou tie islands 81 Iiucace Tie Inca race once
furnished armies with which tie west coast ~
CONQUERED from tunmbOu2n 10 ACOncaRua ~"
i,>t nlhtIng On the Peruvian side during W"
var Wa done hN hNmora Indians. from the s"ci'd
lake of the lucas II was their .al"i that "'n
the only Northern victory ~ thos" Disastrous
csmpaigns ,.. ~
Tto Chilcuos, with stronger infusion "i
spanish hiooo. conquered the descendants "i 'i'
Lncah WHOSE power was OyeuhrovD nv l1Wll"
II was al invasion as calaufi'ous Tor Peru - th'f
earlier campaign oi conquest For nine yrHfs
tie country hss remained m stat" Of abs"i"N
exhaustion and eXtrcmc impoverIslnnent. Indus
tr,,I .rtivitlcr have been para red. The treas
ury hnA ie~n bankrupt There have heD dc
'atofxiibs aud ctNil war The future ol 'F