davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-06-27

GREAT MEETING IN wINONA COUNTY.
SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA WAX
ING UP.
WIroKA, Mimi, June 18th. 1890.
Witoka is village ten miles south
OF Winona, in a thickly-settled,
charming agricultural country. The
population is made up mainly of
Americans, Germans and Irish; an in
telligent, whole-souled generous peo-
pie. Many OF them have been living
here for thirty or more years, and
working hard, and raising large
crops of grain and great herds OF
stock, during all that time. But the
benificence OF God, the fertility of ma
ture and the energy of men have not
been able to keep up with the robber-
les OF the railroad and the wheat
rings, the Jay Goulds and the Phil
Armours of the day; and the result
is that there is almost as great a
feeling of unrest and discomfort
among these people as there is in the
newly-settled Red River Valley, or in
southwestern Minnesota. The Oldest
and thriftiest farmers look to the fu-
ture with alarm-not only for them
selves but for their children. They
see themselves steadily falling down
ward to old-world conditions; and
their sons and daughters are drifting
away from the unremunerative farms
to the fierce competition OF the cities,
to fall perhaps, many of them into
degradation and vice while, on the
other hand, men who do no work,
and produce nothing, are absorbing
all the wealth of the land. These
feelings are universal. The farmers
see that for quarter of century
they have trusted the politicians
in vain. Their biennial promises
have turned out to be egregious
lies; and the condition of the multi
tude has steadily grown worse and
worse. Now they are resolved to
look after matters themselves. They
cannot make it worse and they NAV
make it better. These sentiments ac-
count for the immense Out-pouring
OF men, women and children who
gathered here today. But that the
weather threatened rain the assem-
blage would have been doubled; as
it was there were probably one thous-
and people gathered in the beautiful
grove near the village. Here at two
O'Clock the exercises began, by a
speech from Hon. Ignatius Donnelly,
State Lecturer of the Alliance. He
spoke for about an hour when the
threatening storm broke, and the
audience, or a part of them, ad-
journed to the rink in the village
There were no seats, but the standing
multitude filled the hall to the door
jams. Miss Mcdonald spoke for
more than an hour, and her sensible
remarks and keen thrusts we're
greatly enjoyed by all present. A
number OF members were added to
the local Alliance, and club of
about twenty names taken for the
GREAT WEST. AS the whole country
around for many miles was repre-
sented, the meeting will probably re-
suit in the formation of sub-alliances
in several adjoining townships. The
whole meeting was great success
and regular love feast; and will be
productive of great good.
FARMER.
The Governor Called Down.
QUINCY FARMERS ALLIANCE.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-06-27
CASCADE June 10Th, 1890

CASCADE June 10Th, 1890.
EDITOR GREAT WEST:
DEAR SIR.-We have organized a
Farmers Alliance here which prom
Uses to take an active part for the
welfare for the farmer, present officers
are: President, Frank Harkner; Sec
retary,J. II. Metz; Vice President, H.
F. Klaberger; Treasurer, Jud Jami-
son.
I have been instructed to write and
see if you would send us a few sample
copies of the GREAT VEST | am
yours truly. j. III. METZ.
Sec. Cascade Alliance, No. 1905,
Cascade, Goodhue Co., Minnesota.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-06-27

DR.. Fish will crate on the 4th near
South Dakota.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-06-27

yours truly. j. H. METZ.
Sec. Cascade Alliance, No. 1905,
Cascade, Goodhue Co., Minnesota.
BARRY, Big Stone Co.,
June 10th, 1890.
EDITOR GREAT WEST:
The Big Stone County Alliance
held it's annual meeting at Clinton
on Saturday the 18th inst. The fol
lowing officers was unanimously cleo
ted: President, J. T. Heating; Vice
President, j. Sullivan; Secretary, D..
P. O'Neill; Treasurer, B. c. Wheeler !;
Executive Committee, Messrs. Finny,
Rothwell, Dean and Gilbert.
President of State Alliance R. j.
Hall, Hon. D. w. Hixson, Editor
Whitman of Ortonville Herald-Star
were present.
am in favor OF straight Legisla-
tive nomination (sink or swim, live
or die, survive or perish.) Let us adj
here to the declaration of princi Piles
adopted at the Annual State Farm
ers' Alliance. Too long have we al
lowed other classes to look after our
legislative interests. VIM. NASH.
GRANITE FALLS, Mimi, June Z, 80.
EDITOR GREAT WEST:
Thinking that a few items from
Granite Falls and vicinity might
prove interesting to you, 1 will in
form you how wonderfully prosper
GUS the farmers of this vicinity are
at present. Our wheat crops last
season averaged about ten bushels
per acre. The dockage on the same
averaged about one-fifth, and for the
balance, we received the enormous
price of Is cents per bushel.
Considerable interest was manifest
ed in the outcome of the Mckinley
tariff bill. Owing to the proposed
change of duty on diamonds, we were
fearing there night be duty ex-
acted on our diamond headed canes.
which in our present prosperous con-
dition, are almost indispensable
Come out Bro. Fish, and 60 to farm
ing, and you will soon wear dia-
monds. Yours truly,
FRANK H. WALTER.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
Timber Supply and Railroads.

The question of the consumption Of timber
by the railroads has been for some time
under investigation by the Forestry Divis-
ion of the Department of Agriculture. Cir
culars have been sent out to all the impor-
tant railways for information on points con-
nected with the subject, and from the re-
plies to these it is found that the round
total OF timber ties in use in the United
States Is nearly 516, 600, 900, and 80. 600, 900
are annually required for renewals. In
cluding bridge and trestle work the annual
consumption Of timber on railways is
computed at 900, O,0O0, 900 cubic feet,
requiring the cutting of the best timber
from over 1000, 00O acres of forest land per
annum. To meet the demand, under our
present wasteful management of timber land,
the area to be preserved for this purpose
would probably exceed 10000, 900. or more
than 10 per cent of our present forest area.
As railway managers prefer "hewn" ties
and zone to be cut from small trees" the
timber consumed by railroads, or 20 per
cent of the total consumption, is taken from
the young growth. Then, so per cent Of
all ties are oak, the most valuable Of
all our timber. Reliable investigation
shows that in the Kentucky forests,
when 40 per cent of the natural growth is
white oak, the new growth of oak is only
per cent after the land has once been cut
over for ties. The consumption of pine
from the forests Of Wisconsin and Michigan
is also enormous. While Canada is being
booked for future supplies, it is shown that
that country, too. is becoming alarmed at
the rate at which her forests are disappear
ing. Furthermore, it is estimated that in
California alone in 1889 S25, ,000. 900 worth
of timber was destroyed by fire, the greed of
spectators and the efforts of the herdsmen
to secure pasturage for focks.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
THE NEW CAR BRAKE.
Pressure on the Rear Of q Train Al
most as Soon as in Front.
PROBLEM OF ARTIFICIAL RAIN.
A Smoking Pipe That Gets Rid Of All
Deleterious Products.
SIMPLE METHOD OF ETCHING GLASS
,rRrpAnrp roa THE DISPATCH ]

tPRKPARED FOB THE DIsPATcH.1
The new quick-scting brake, which is at
tracing the attention of the chief railway
managers, of the world, possesses, eminently,
the advantages Of increased quickness Of ac-
ton, ease Of gradatlon and smoothness of
operation, and 1t can, moreover, be applied
to trains of any length that are likely to be
worked. The ordinary Westinghouse brake
is put in motion by reducing the pressure in
the train pipe by allowing part of the air
to escape at the drivers valve. This reduc-
ton of pressure, if effected rapidly, is propa-
gated gradually along the pipe, and takes
an apprecisble time to reach the rear ex-
tremity. 1t follows that if train be very
long the brakes on the front part are applied
before those at the rear, with the result that
excessive and often dangerous jerkings of
the vehicles is occasioned, the buffer springs
being strongly compressed and then violent
ly extended. With long train this form
of brake cannot be used unless the air is
evacuated SO slowly that the pressure in the
air-pipe has ample time to equalize itself, so
that the brakes go on simultaneously.
In the new arrangement the bulk of the
air in the pipe is no longer discharged at
the drivers valve. The action is COM
mended there, but the first brake mechanism
which comes into operation places the train
pipe in communication with its own brake
cylinder, afordIng an outlet for portion
of the air. The second, third, fourth and
successive brake mechanisms evacuate more
air in turn, the result being that the reduc-
tion in pressure is greatly expedited, and
the wave runs the length of 30 carriages in
two and one-half seconds. This time is too
short to give rise to dangerous oscillation,
in in nf hIs
length can be made with safety and COM
fort
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
OUR ONLY TORPEDO BOAT.
Something About the Cushing, Of the United
States Navy.

Something About the Gushing, of the United
States Navy.
From St. Eicho!as.l
European countries have built large num-
bers of these boats. Italy has now about
200; England. 175; France, 15O; Russia, 100;
Germany, 100, and Spain, 20. On this side
Of the Atlantic the Argentine Republic has
1s; Brazil, Is, and Chill, 10.
OF course you wish to know how many
our own nation has. Well, we have one.
It was recently launched, and If YOU read
the papers you will no doubt see accounts of
its trials for speed. 1t is big one-a
"deep-sea" boat-very much like the italian
Nib5io in appearance, but not in any way
designed after that boat. It was built by
the Messrs. Herreshoff, at Bristol, r. i.
This firm has built some very fast launches
and yachts, and can no doubt prove equal to
the best foreign builders in constructing
torpedo boats should others be demanded.
Our torpedo boat is named the Cushing,
after a famous naval officer who during the
Rebellion sank Confederate ironclad with
torpedo rigged out on q spar projecting
from a steam launch. Torpedo boats are
not always named. It is the custom OF for
eign countries to give names only to their
"deep-sea" torpedo boats. The smaller ones
are simply numbered.
know you are wondering why we have
only one torpedo boat and would like to ask
me if we don't need more. Perhaps we do.
The United States has a longer sea coast
and more important sea ports to protect
than any other country; but the United
States is deliberate and thoughtful.
The present Secretary of the Navy has
asked Congress to appropriate money for
five torpedo boats in addition to the Cush-
ing, and no doubt successful trials of these
will bring about many more.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
CL 10TH JACKETS.

CHEVIOT JACKET-24 inches long high should
ers, in either blue or black-$2 "a.
DIAGONAL JACKETS inches long, tight fitting,
high shoulders open stitched edges s. &c. Worth
double the money.
CHEVRON REEFERS-27 inches long roll collar,
hussar perfect fitting regular tailor made either
blue or black, 81 "a.
FUR COLLAR JACKETS-27 inches long, in
either Beaver Worsted Chevrons in black navy
colors with shawl notched rolling collar and trimmed with
Astrachan, Wool, Seal ETC., ETC., $II 49, SI2 so to $25
CHIIDRENS REEFERS- Age to II years, in
very Striped Wosted material high shoulders brass
buttons rolling collar, at only 81 81.
MISSES REEFERS-Age to IS years. in Black
Blue Chevot rolling collar open raised shoulders
only s. "a.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02

compete with home workers, 10 IL likely
there will be enough Of peace and prosperity
to go round? Those who are chiefly con-
cerned know, or ought to know.
That tariff and free trade constitute q
great problem is plainly set forth by the
fact that famous statesmen Of England and
United States-Gladstone and Blaine-are
diametrically opposed in their opinions.
Great minds, they say. run in the same
direction, but these two run right plump
against each other. Gladstone asserts that
"all protection is morally and economically
bad" Blaine thinks the golden rule does
not apply across the Atlantic. 1t matters
not to him ii the "Iurrin brethren" over the
sea starve as long as by protection" their
factories can be shut up, and their fires Of
industry be put out Some Of his followers
gloat over such prospect
On this subject Mr.. Blaine says: '"The
benefit of protection goes first and last to the
men who earn their bread in the sweat Of
their faces" This may be true. The ma
jority of men think 30 and vote so. But he
would have trouble in making the "impe-
cunious class" think it true. Women now
have to stretch dollar to its uttermost limit
to get along. The sewing girl who works
for Sc week and finds that everything she
wears has gone up in pricc thinks the new
law an iniauity. The teachers whose
salaries are never too fat, but who know
something Of the merits and demerits Of the
taciff, have conflict of mind over the pull
ing and hauling of theory and practice.
Even women of wealth are growing over
the rise in prices. "Why," said one, sit is
not only drygoods that have gone up, but
French peas-they can't make French peas
in this country-and mushrooms, and things
like that have been raised in price, too"
AWAIT THE RESULTS.
What far-reaching question this problem
of the tariff isl How far as the poles asuu-
der are men of equal honesty, equal patriot
ism, and equal desire, as they say, for the
fair thing. Has the moral law no place in
commerce? Is government instituted for
the benefit of the people justifable
in establishing what Herbert Spencer calls
a system of robbery? One single firm only,
it is said, makes plush in the United States.
Is it wonderful that women growl when
every one of them who, buys a plush wrap
this winter will be charged dollar or two
extra for the benefit of that firm?
However, the proof of the pudding is in
the eating. Let us all pay our taxes under
the Mckinley bill, and see how it goes. It
may as we'll be done cheerfully as not since
we have no option, unless we adopt Jay
Gould's philosophy. But since there is so
much difference of opinion on this subject,
would it not be we'll to open up evening
classes and schools of discussion for the
study of political economy with regard to
protection and free trade-to study both
sides and get the plain right and wrong Of
the matter into the public mind?
BESSIE BRAMBLR.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
Making Aluminium.

There is probably no other metal the use.
fulness of which is so extensive as alumi.
mum, and yet its practical utility has been
successfully demonstrated only very re.
Gently. As matter of fact, the metal was
known long ago, but, although its advant.
ages have been realized, the great cost of its
production has always prevented its COM
ing into general use. Electricity has, how
ever, come to the rescue in this, as in so
many other departments of industry, and
by its agency aluminium is now produced
at such low cost that it bids fair to super
cede iron and steel in many instances.
Aluminium exists in nature in the form OF
an oxide so refractory in its character as to
make reduction in any ordinary furnace
impossible, and the only means which have
been found available for its reduction on a
commercial scale is electrolysis. The pas
sage of the electric current has the effect OF
separating the pure metal from its sur
rounding impurities, and the economy of
the process, compared with the methods
heretofore employed, is remarkable.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
Laying Underground Wires.

A useful method Of laying underground
wires has recently been adopted. The wires
are run into tubes of paper, treated with
special asphaltio compound to insulate
them. The tubes are then placed in o
trench and filled with the insulating COM
pound. During a late discussion on the
question of overhead and underground
wires, E. II. johnson drew attention to the
fact that the gradual development of the
overhead electric system has become such
that In many of the larger cities the neces-
sity of placing the conductor underground is
imperative. In q city where. 30 to 100
cars are operated at least 90 per cent
of the wire on the poles overhead can be
placed underground to advantage. There
is really no necessity for their being over
head. The only thing that need be there Is
the trolley wire, and the feeder wires, spe-
cial mains. etc.. may be placed under
ground. The question to be considered is:
''Can the wires be placed underground with
less investment, and can the insulation of
the wires be maintained underground with
less charge for repsirs?" Mr.. johnson
urged that this could be done. and adyo-
Gated the adoption of an efficient system of
carving it out
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
Etching Glass.

What is stated to be an improved method
of etching glass has been patented in En-
gland. 1t differs from the older methods in
the fact that etching is accomplished by a
cold process with the aid of rubber stamps,
the etching Of such articles as bottles, lamp
glasses, glass plates aud similar objects
being considerably accelerated, and the cost
of treatment reduced. A special etching
solution is prepared, and small quantity is
dropped upon a sheet of India rubber COW
cred with a cloth pad, which is rubbed
until almost dry; whereupon, by means of
an india-rubber stamp bearing the design to
he reproduced, portion of the liquid pre-
viously absorbed by the pad is transferred TO
the surface to be etched, with the result that
the design is eaten out. Should q deposit
be formed in the gutta-percba bottle which
is used for containing the solution. in conse-
queDce of the liquid not having been used
for some time, such deposit may be dissolved
by hydrofuoric acid.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
Artificial Rainfall.

Important Investigations are now being
made by the Department of Agriculture on
the subject of the artificial production of
rainfall. With regard to this subject,
Colonel Casper, OF the Signal Service, says:
mo doubt there is plenty Of moisture in the
atmosphere at all times. if it could only be
gathered in the right place and be made to
fall upon the earth. Man has accomplished
as difficult things as that in the realms Of
science. 1t is not contemplated to produce
growth of forest in the arid regions. The
success of that method is still disputed. 1t
is proposed to find out whether rainfall can
not be produced by electricity, dynamite ex-
plosions, or other mechanical agencies.
Taking the cue from the fact that heavy
cannonading on battlefield, or on Fourth
of July celebration, is followed by copious
rains, the experimenters will work accord
ingly. The process of burning powder to
produce rain has hitherto been too expen-
sive to warrant its general use, but possibly
cheaper explosives will be found. 1t has
been proposed, among other things, to at
tach 25 pounds Of dynamite to toy balloon
and then send a flock of such balloons into
the air with lighted fuses attached. In some
way or other there is no doubt the arid por-
tions of the country will soon be brought
under splendid cultivation. They COM
prise some of the most fertile spots on the
earth"
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
Tine Therapeutic smokinp Pine,

An improved form of smoking pipe has
been introduced, in England, to the notice
of the medical profession, primarily to pro-
vide means of combating the smokers
habit, and to do away with the injurious
elements in it, to which its baneful effects
are due, by abstractipg the noxious con-
stituents of tobacco smoke, while leaving the
aromatic principles unaffected. 1t is hoped
by this means to make 1t available for daily
use by delicate or invalid smokers, to whom
total prohibition would often be little short
of punishment. Secondly, it is suggested
that the pipe may be made useful as means
Of utilizing the habit of smoking rs an ad-
junct to treatment by inhalation of volatile
medicaments, SO that the vapor of the remedy
employed may be directed to the affected
surfaces. Another possible use of the pipe
is that of an insuf1ator, for which its con-
struotion specially fits it
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
THE ADIRONDACK FORESTS.
Their Permanent Maintenance Necessary to
the City of New York.

Their Permanent Maintenance Necessary to
the City of New York.
November Century.l
The State of New York has nearly .
million acres of mountain forest lands,
not in one compact body, but in scat
tered tracts separated by private hold
ings. In this situation the property of
the State cannot be adequately protected
from spoliatioD, nor properly. administered
as source of revenue. Those who have
given attention to the matter in this State
therefore favor disposing of outlying tracts,
by sale or exchange. and the acquisition
by the State of sufficient additional ter
ritory to constitute large State
park, or forest reservation, around the
sources of.the Hudson river and the otheI
great waterways of the State. This plan
was presented in q message from the Cover
nor to the Senate during the last session of
the Legislature, and by the concurrent
action OF both branches of that body was
committed to the present Forest Commits
sion for thorough Investigation, the finding
to be reported to the Legislature at its next
meeting.
This is one Of the most important forestry
enterprises ever undertaken in this country.
The business and commercial prosperity
OI Lu6 CITY OI new 1Ofk OepenQ9
in very large measure upon the perma-
nent maintenance of forest conditions
around the sources of the Hudson river,
and the interests of large portions of the
interior of the State are also closely con-
nected with the destiny of the North Woods.
No part of the Adirondack Mountain forest
region is adapted to cultivation. 1t is
naturally suited to the perpetual production
of timber, and to this crop alone.
The five or six millions of people who will
soon be dwellers in the great city which is
SO rapidly growing up on and around Man
haitian Island will need the whole Adiron-
dack wilderness for an outlying park and
forest playground for their summer
rest and recreation, The movement
to preserve these mountain forests,
and to make the region public possession,
should have the cordial support of all civil
lied anglers and huntsmen, of lumbermen
and owners of timber lands, and of public
spirited citizens in general. At present
large portions of the region are being rapidly
and irretrievably ruined. -
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-11-02
Annihilation of Smoke.

An English electrical paper, in view of
the large number of central stations which
are now being erected, wishes to impress
upon station designers the necessity of
organizing proper smoke annihilating ar
rangements in connection with their sta
tions. 1t shows, that in addition to the de-
vice so we'll known, Of washing the issuing
smoke into dirty froth by the impact
OF dashing water, a German
blast furnace maker has now dis
covered method by which the
smoke and SCOT are deposited by water spray
in a chamber. From the resultant froth the
ammonia and sulphur can be condensed
and recovered and yield handsome profit.
It is further surmised that "it is really not
too much to prophecy that future electric
light companies can emulate the gas COM
panies' example in the matter of by-prod-
ucts. and can have better burning fuel, alb
sence Of the smoke nuisance and valuable
products in chemicals, which shall even re-
coup them for the actual cost of fuel"