davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04

4, cla6 'oitb this paper, Godey's
and The Tri5,o,e .Jor -. 90. ,0htch
ShOala be Seat 20 tbs oD.ce.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04

The pattern shows you how to cut out the
garment you want. That's all we can say in
this space. For the rest see your sample num-
Der, tor which send I5c at once.
"GODEl" is snly 500 year.
Address "GOOEY'S LADY'S BOOK"
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04
Every Lady Her owa Dressmakar

who subScribes for GODEYS LApY's BOOK.
The Coupon which you will find in each num-
Der entities you 10 your own selection of any
cut pattern illustrated III GODEN'S LADY's
BOOK. Your t5c. sample Copy will contain
one of these coupons.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04

Son i IL cents fer Sa-a PIE which
Will -o allowed 60 year 5IA1os9r5 g
ts-l2 w-h % received
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04


For lists of Premiums and terms to larger
clubs, send Is cents for sample Copy, which
will give you full information.
Engrayings appear in every number, of
subjects of well-known artists, and produced
10y the newest processes. In its Coored FASH
ions GOpEYS leads in cDlOrs and STYLES. Both
modistes and home dressmakerS accord them
the foremost position.
paper Patterns are one of the important
features of this magazine, each subscriber
being allowed to select her own pattern every
month, an item alone more than covering the
subscription price.
Practical htuts upon DressmalKtng ..
show how garments can be renovated and
made over 10y tie patterns given.
Practical Rants for the Household
show your hou,ekt epers how to manage the
culinary department with economy and skill
Fashion Notes, AT Home and Abroad, de-
light every lady 5 heart.
Ehe Colored aud Black work De
signs give all the newest ideas for fancy work
The Cooking Recipes are undo, the con-
troll of IN experienced housokeeper
BRc Architectural Department is of
practical utility, careful estimates beiu., given
with each plan.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04

lIoME utd' sorghum is quaint
nee r, ,mJ outer-. ID. JACKo.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04

nnMoNr maple rap tspr,t,er'.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-12-04
IN A IEHnINAD NOE
Beautiful Premiums for Clubs
TERMS TO CLUBS:

COPIES ,s''''s'' ''-.''Soo o.
y
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

The swamp lands bordering the Gulf,
100000 acres in extent will be considered
later.
Those bordering the river are swampy
because the river is TOO high; and all of
such lands above Baton Rouge, or even a
little nearer the Gull lands, so, 000, 900 acres
in area, can be drained and reclaimed bv
lowering the river bed, as set forth in the
preceding article. The effect OF lowering
the river bed upon the drainage Of the ad-
jacent country will be shown by the follow
Ing extract from 4 report OF the Mississippi
River Commission:
The event which had more to do with the
alteration of the level, and consequently the
general appearance OF this region, than any
other phenomenon that has occurred IN
recent times, not excepting the earthquakes
OF the early part OF the century, was the
Devils Elbow Cutoff, which happened in
1876, with the general history of which the
commission is familiar. The writer hereof
was at Shawnee Village, distant about 10 or
II miles from the point where the cut off
vas made, in an air line, and he distinctly
felt the shock and heard the roar OF the
mighty mass of water as the river cut its
way through the narrow neck of land that
had hitherto restrained if, and plunged at
one leap down the descent which it had for
merly crawled 25 miles to make. The i'm
mediate result OF this cutoff was to check
the rise in the river for 100 miles up stream.
At Oseeola the river fell % inches
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

IN a few hours, and that, too, on
3 rapidly swelling stream. 1t drained
Golden Lake and the bottoms between it
and Frenchman's Bayou, and lowered the
level of Young's and Carson's Lakes and
Tyronza from four to six feet The deep
bottom between Nsnawnee village and
Frenchman's Bayou was drained almost
completely, and where there were formerly
impossible sloughs is now dry land. The
drainage of Golden's Lake was more
thorough than that of any other portion of
the county. Where formerly there was a
sheet of water nearly 1000 acres in area,
and of depth of s to 10 feet, there are now
only few isolated water holes of limited
area, the balance of what was once the bed
of the lake being now prairie-like open
ing, covered with rank grasses and vegeta-
ton of all sorts. A portion, if not all. of
this old lake bed has been homesteaded,
and it Will soon be in cultivation"
This isolated instance shows how greatly
the adjacent country would be benefited by
lowering the river bed. In this case lower
ing the river bed four to six feet drained
ponds, sloughs and marshes thousands of
acres in area, and thus increased the agricul-
tural capabilities OF the immediate region.
What was done on a small scale by accident
in this instance it is proposed to extend by
design to the whole Mississippi Valley, and
thereby to reclaim millions of acres of the
richest imaginable soil and add to our
wealth value several times greater than
the sum spent to permanently improve the
river, make navigation safe thereon, protect
the land from overflow and greatly benefit
the health of the inhabitants. Any person
who has lived in the southern country in
a location adjacent to or but little removed
from ill-drained or marshy lands is too
familiar with chills and feyers, dengue and
other malarial diseases to need argument to
convince him that good drainage of the
surrounding lands would more than double
his efficiency as producer OF wealth.
Multiply the inhabitants of the bottom
lands by five, multiply the value of the
annual productions of each man by
five, and we will possibly reach an
approximate estimate of the annual increase
of wealth which would flow from the good
drainage to be obtained from lowering the
bed of the river. This good drainage it is
impossible to obtain so long as the river bed
is high enough to make levees necessary to
restrain the food waters. To obtain good
drainage the river must be lowered so that
no levees will be needed.
The stupendous proportions of this
measure preclude its accomplishment by an
agency Less mighty than the river itself. If
1t were possible to apply the hydraulic
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

designed to avert destruction for season.
Money spent on levees must be reckoned
as money invested in the crops of lew
years only. If the crops are Of sufficient
value to pay for the leyees in five or ten
years, the expense is justified; not other
wise. The leYee or dixie has a legitimate
use in protecting lands below tide-level
lands below the limits of natural drainage.
But as applied on the Mississippi above
the tidal reach the levee is violation of
natural law, and its continued use will bring
the punishment which nature inevitably in
fiets on those who offend her.
The levee fails to justify its existence by
protecting life and property; it prevents
good and natural drainage, so injuring the
people in health; and in the largest sense it
is an obstruction 10 commerce and the cause
of distractions to navigation.
The Ievee has been tested for upward of
100 years, and the river is to-day in worse
condition than it was when the first leyee
was built The levee is necessarily built at
a considerable distance from the immediate
banks of the river, therefore the river at
hoodwater tends to assume cross section
bounded by the levees and of Just sufficient
depth to carry off the volume OF its waters.
Thus the first effect is to scour away the
ancient banks of the river, widen it to make
the new banks coincident with the levees
and raise the bottom of the river bed to
considerable amount, SO that the new cross
section will have the same carrying capacity
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

at the lead of the old Cow Islands the caving
has been from 200 to 600 leet in width by a
mile in length.
The varying velocities in the river, due to
the building up of the shoals and cutting
out of the bends, causes the bends to wash
fnrther and further back and to lengthen the
river and decrease its capacity for carrying
off the food waters. Thus the curves be-
come deeper and deeper, the river crookeder
and crookeder until there comes climax
the river breaks through and makes a cut
off. Some city like Vicksburg, which was
in the morning an important maritime
town, is left high and dry, its trade de-
stroyed and its inhabitants impoverished.
See accompanying map.
Since 1922 10 cut-offs are historical events.
In addition to these 10 cut-offs have oc-
CURED within comparatively recent times,
but not historic in the regions affected.
Five or more cut-offs are now threatened.
We are sure that the cut-offs of quite recent
times exceed 80 in number and bid fair to
soon equal 40.
These things must be remedied once for
all, regardless of cost. We must not swerve
be moved. The end will justify the first
cost, hoHev great it may be. By means
OF the movable caisson jetties and such
other expedients as have been proved good,
or may be deemed suitable, the river must
be made to excavate its channel, with as
few and as long bends as possible, with such
a contour as TO insure Uniform velocity in
all its parts and to depth sufficient to in
sure good drainage TO the adjacent lands
and preserve them from overflow, even in
the greatest floods.
This project may appear Of colossal pro-
portions, and its cost may seem to be greater
than the people can afford to paw. A little re-
Election, however, will show that the in
creased value of the lands now occupied in
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

crest nearer to the bend below and increas-
ing the slope of the descent into it. Down
the sharp declIvity the water rushes into the
bend, with great and ever increasing We
iocity, becoming a power of terrible destruc-
ton and wreaking it most mercilessly. The
amount of sediment in the water IS that
which it could sustain at its min
imum velocity when flowing slowly
over the shoal; the river here
acquires maximum velocity, and, there
fore, takes up a-quantity of sediment suffi-
cient to saturate the water at the augmented
velocity. This sediment is suspended and
carried along until the water reduces its
velocity in passing over the next shoal,
where this added sediment is again depos-
tied, building up that shoal. Thus matters
go on from year to year. Each year the
shoals become snallower; each year the
bends become deeper; each year large tracts
of agricultural lands are washed away by
the widening of the channel along the
reaches; each year the banks in the deep
bends are cut farther and farther back.
Since the deep water is in the bends, the
cities and towns are there located; and the
caving of the banks in the bends frequently
causes destruction OF city property devoted
to commercial uses and of very great value.
The rate of caving is illustrated by the fol-
lowing extracts from the Mississippi River
Commissions report:
The most noticeable change shown to
have taken place in the reach extending
from Mound City Landing to the head Of
President Island is heavy cavIng above
Hopefeld, extending from Mound City to
Hopefeld and amounting to a maximum
cutting of J, 200 feet in the middle of the
bend since the survey Of 1S77-78."
The principal caving shown to have taken
place in the portion of the river extending
from Apperson Plantation to j ones Land
ing shows an average cutting of from 400 to
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27
rS.RH0no-ERs 60

that such things be ended. The brooding
horror OF disease is never thought of by
those whose hearts and hands stretch out to
help and dsave-eVerywhere but here.
The vast wealth TO be won by improving
these rivers and making them serviceable
commercial waterways is not appreciated, or
the people would cry out that such possibil-
tiles must be realized without further loss
of time.
The vast areas now swamps and lagoon,
yielding a living only to the stray hunter,
are mere fog banks to the people at large.
Let them once realize that lands of surpass-
ing richness lie but a few feet or inches
below the present river levels-that to lower
the Mississippi few feet would drain and
reclaim lands that would make nearly a
million homeSteads-that the means are at
hand to drain these lands at cost of 50 or
s. per acre, and the practical common sense
Of the people would see the work inaugu-
rated without delay and pushed steadily
forward to completion.
Marsh lands, lagoons and other ILL
drained areas, now worse than waste, but
easy to drain and convert into the most fer
tile farms imaginable, border the Missis-
sippi and its tributaries in the vast alIuvial
plains.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

In the magnificent dining-room Of the
wealthy bankers residence sat the host and
large number of guests, feasting. The
dishes were excellent, the wine delicious,
and conversation was naturally brisk and
animated. Discussion was on the topic of
capital pun1shment-whether it was more
befitting humanity to infict the sentence OF
death or imprisonment for life. As there
were lawyers, physicians, bankers, Journal
lists, in fact, representatives Of most of the
classes of society present, the respective
opinions were widely different.
81 cannot agree with him." said the host
to one of his guests, who declared the death
sentence as cruel, and wholly unfit for our
cultivated age and Christian government.
81 certainly have no experience in either,
but if man may judge by opinion, 1 should
call death more desirable, morally and
sensibly preferable to the slow killing of
lifelong Imprisonment"
81 think both are equally cruel. In both
cases the law takes something that, once
taken, can never be restored again-the lite
of human being; and, whether it is literal
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

the valley, together with the value of the
lands which will be made fit for occupation
will pay the cost of the Improvement several
times over.
A tract of land larger than all the New
England States, with the exception of the
State of Maine, or halt as large as the State
of New York, and with agricultural posi-
bilities of the very highest order will be
added to the area of the farming lands of
the United states. With this increase OF
tillabfe lands viii come corresponding in
crease of population, of manufactures and
OF commerce. This it is not possible to OBJ
tain by the use of levees.
We will quote again, "The writer hereof
was at Shawnee village, distance about 10
or u miles from the point where the cutoff
was made, in an air line, and he distinctly
felt the shock and heard the roar of the
mighty mass of water as the river cut its
way through the narrow neck of land which
had hitherto restrained it,
This is good description of crevasse,
where the river breaks through a crumbling
levee and mandates thousands of acres of
cultivated lands, destroys farms. buildings
and implements, and browns the stock and
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

at night, wrote something, and tore it up
again; and more than once they heard pain
full sobbing. In the sixth year, he began
with the study Of languages, philosophy, his
tory, and continued so for four years, during
which time he read more than 600 volumes.
At the end of this time, the banker re-
ceived the following letter from his
prisoner:
MY DEAR KEEPER-I write this letter in
six different languages; show it to experts and
If they find no fault in it, give me sign by
firing pistol in the garden. will know then
that my studies have not been in vain, and my
soul shall take delight in the thought that the
genius of so many centuries and so many coun-
tries is known and understood by me. Obi If
you could share the happiness feeli
The banker did as the prisoner wished.
He showed the letters, and, as they were per-
feet, he went into the garden and fred
twice.
After the tenth year, the prisoner became
dull again. He gave up reading, with the
exception of one book, the Bible
For a whole year he read that
one volume, and, after that, he
began church history and other rell-
gious books. In the last two years he was
again continually asking for books, but bis
reading was irregular. Now he would ask
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

system SO successful in Holland, at cost of
5 cents per cubic yard, the total outlay
would be $3.50, 600, 900. There seems to be
no other way than that proposed in the
fourth paper. in which method suitable ap-
pliances and sufficient power skillfully
directed and constantly. in adjustment to the
varying conditions of the river, control and
guide the mighty forces of nature.
That permanent jetties or contraction
works alone will not suffice, is proved by ex-
perience. Jetties are the proper and econom-
ical means of deepening and regulating
channels having a uniform discharge or one
varying within moderate limits. In all
such streams jetties cannot fail if properly
applied. But in stream whose whole dis
charge varies from 156, 900 to 1, COS, 900 cubic
feet per second, permanent contraction works
are we'll nigh impossible to design correctly
or apply successfully.
Permanent contraction works successful
at high water are useless when the river
falls; and works efficient at low stages are
worse than useless at flood times, even if
not destroyed. 1t is evident that none OF
the standard old methods will apply to
Americas vast problem. America must
bring forth new methods suited to the un-
exampled magnitude and changing nature
of our rivers. What has be said concern
ing jetties and contractio- ~vrAs applies
with tenfold force to levees The leYee can
be excused only as a temporary expedient,
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

such Of the inhabitants as have not time or
means to make their escape.
People cannot live in comfort under such
threat as this. Lands so menaced cannot
have high value proportionate to their
productlveness. People will not make
good and permanent improvements or work
their land under good system where their
lives and property are constantly in danger.
No enlightened agriculture is possible or
will be practiced in the Lower Mississippi
bottom lands until the river bed is lowered
and such things are rendered forever i'm
possible.
1t is the opinion of engineers and geo.
graphers that the Mississippi river has
meandered over the entire surface of the fiat
lands between Cairo and the Gulf. These
lands are in some places 80 miles wide, in
some as narrow as 20. What the river has
done it is doing its best to do again. The
time occupied is long, measured by the
memory of an individual, but very short if
measured by historical epochs.
The following selection of maps repro
duced from the report of the Mississippi
River Commission will give some idea of the
IContinued on Tenth Page
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27
Maps Which Show the Exact Situa-
tion in a Striking Manner.
TIE CHANGES IN THE CHANNEL.
One Short Cut Which Exerted a Great
Influence on the Torrent.
AREA OF THE SOIL TO BE RECLAIMED
PAPER NO. 5.

Very few of our people conceive the i'm
portance of the Mississippi river. To most
of them, especially to those who live re-
moved from it, the Mississippi is a geo.
graphical expression, hazy in a mist OF old
tales of adventure, glinting now and again
with humorous story, background for
certain statistics occasionally reprinted, the
occasion for few head lines suming up in
ten svllables the misfortunes and miseries of
a people, far away. scenes, which. though
vitality affecting the lives and property of
millions of our fellow men, are never brought
home to the realizing senses of the whole
people. They must be made to know and
feel
The monstrous wrong and sorrow and loss
of the yearly overfiows are not real to our
people, or they would as one man demand
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

as the old one From this results the build
ing up of long sand wave commencing at
deep water in one bend and reaching its
greatest height relative to the grade line of
the river Immediately above the next lower
bend. This long sand wave is dignifed
with the name of shoal or bar. At the crest
Of the sand wave commences a sharp decliv-
ity of the river bottom into the bend imme-
diately below. Up the long sand-wave the
river crswls, depositing its sediment. build
ing the sznd-wave higher. advancing its
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

500 feet, for distance of 10000 feet. Cav
ing has also taken place Immediately above
Lakes Landing, averaging 200 feet in width
by one-half mile in length, and from the
mouth of Four-Mile Bayou, upstream,
there has been an average caving of 150 feet
for distance of a mile"
Between Reeves and Harris landing
for distance of 4. ZOO feet there has been an
average cutting OF 300 feet; below Fleece's
plantation there has been cutting of 200
feet to 400 feet tszsdistance Of $500 feet, and
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

GRAPHICAL COMPARISON OF SWAMP LAND IN THE MISSISSIPPI VAL
LEY WITH THE FARM ACREAGE OF THE FERTILE STATES
A. the Acres
n The Lower Misis ssppi Acres
E6EHzzzez Sgssssasxs
Vermont Rhode d
2256o,ooo Acres
arm Aoresg o New YOr siat,2 a. oAoes
EEszE EzxszEzsssazEasz5
Farm Acree of Acres
a8sEExz
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

%
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-12-27

lContinued on Tenth Pagal
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-03-27
HOG LORE.
Good Rules to be Observed in Caring for
Large Litters of Pigs.

Good Rules to be Observed In Caring for
Large Litters of Pigs.
While seven pigs Is a good average for
q herd of sows to wean, some people like
to see larger numbers at narrowing time.
a large SOW in good flesh ought to suckle
ten pigs and keep them in fine shape till
they can eat enough to help nourish
themselves. If sows bring large filters
it is a good idea to help the weaker ones
By feeding little fresh milk. If they
get hungry it requires but little care to
teach them TO eat by first feeding from a
spoon.
II the pigs get the scours, and have
been fed slOp, cut off the slop supply
and feed Drowned or scorched -four till
the trouble is checked. Be very careful
in returning TO Stops, lest the trouble
comes on again. The oftener the trouble
returns the more annoying it becomes,
and the more difficult to cure. When the
secures once become chronic the pig is of
little value, as with each succeeding at
tack il decreases in thrift.
The SOW and litter VIII fare better if
they are kept separated from the herd
till the pigs are at least one month old
After this age the pigs of different filters
are not apt to steal from each other.
Each pig in the herd should be given
equal opportunity with its fellow. The
farmer should make it his study to have
all things equal for all.