davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09
A NATION OF MENlALS.

The world of old was deeply rooted in
slavery. Labor, deprived of mechanical
means, was naturally degraded by the
beastlike effort required for the produc-
ton Of the simplest necessaries. The
chief object of war was to obtain human
tools, and as the system enlarged, the
sense of humanity was blunted. Rome
found it cheaper to keep on conquering
nations and carrying away their grown
up men into slavery than to raise a race
of slaves from the cradle. For a long
time these unfortunate victims of Roman
greed were not permitted to marry.
"Avarice", observes bureau de la Male,
found profit in destroying, by excessive
labor, an animated machine, which it
was sure of being able to replace at a
small cost" In such a world the diff,
Guilty of producing, however great for
the laborer, did not prevent the display
of luxury on most extravagant scale
by the non-producer, An immense sur
plus was readily obtained for the few at
the expense of the many, who were i'll
fed, ill.clad, ill-lodged and overworked.
In the same manner as England, even in
these days of so.called Christian civiliza-
ton, can draw supplies of wheat from
India and of potatoes from Ireland,
though the people of these two coun-
tries may he decimated by famine,
Rome was able to draw from her domi-
Mons not only foodStutfs in abundance
hut the supplies of famished labor by
which her palaces were built. And thus
did the finest arts grow and blossom in
luxuriance on field richly MANFRED
with the bones of mankind.
The conditions of production have
changed, Step by step Man has con-
quered in his lcng struggle with Nature.
BY enslaying her forces, which are made
to do the brute part of his work with
lightning speed and power, he should at
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

last have found himself free. But no
freedom worthy of the name has come.
The class that formerly owned men has
taken possession of Nature, and the
luxury of the few, now as before,
keeps the many in abject poverty.
The extent to which the dependence
of the people has been increased by the
very agencies which, under system of
dlstributive justice, would naturally
develop their emancipation, cannot too
soon be fully understood. In England
the domestic" class increased from
1851, 900 to 1903, 900 from 1861 to 1881.
The progress of servitude in this country
is even more startling, and the census
returns for 1890 will probably show that
the number of unskiled laborers and
domestic servants is not very short of
100000.
Shall we, then, become a nation of
menials: Can that be the public end of
scientific advance? Or, while we still
possess the rights OF citizenship, shall
we secure with the firm hands of free
men the full benefits of modern pro.
gress?
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09
THE JEWISH QUESTION.

In consequence of heproposed enforce
ment Of the celebrated decree of 1882,
which practically banishes the Jews
from Russia, larger influx of those
poor people may be expected in this
country than has yet taken place. Half
a million of them are likely to seek re-
fuge in America. The earlier emigrants
of this prosecuted race were welcomed
by our capitalists, who used them to
lower the rate of wages in various indus
tries. But since it was found that they
could be readily organized and that,
when organized, they could display the
most extraordinary heroism in the de-
Tense of the rights of labor, the prospect
of their coming in vast numbers is
viewed with terror by our patriotic flee
GERS, whose mercantile organs are al
ready suggesting that they should not
be allowed to land.
We suggest that mass meetings should
be called throughout the country by
Organized Labor, to protest both against
the inhuman decree of the savage Gar
and against the still more inhuman
designs of our civilized plutocrats.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

The old theory, that the earth stood
motionless at the common center of
several encompassing heavens, respec-
lively holding certain celestial bodies
and evolving at different rates of speed
under the guidance Of Amshaspands
and Dews--or angels and demons-did
not prevent our puny planet from per-
forming its durnal rotation on its own
axis, or its annual trip round the
sun. But it paralyzed for ages the
brightest intellects, and, filling the uni
verse with imaginary spirits of good and
evil, degraded the most elevating of
positive sciences into the most contemp-
tible instrument of superstition. Like
wise, so long as the theory prevailed
that physical labor lowered to the level
Of domestic animals those who per.
formed it, the laboring class could no
more than domestic animals have a
place IN history. In perfect accord with
the theory was the practice of so abso-
lutely denying that class any human
right, freedom, initiative, volition or
independent motion, that it could leave
no apparent impress of its intelligent
action on those historical phenomena,
which, as mere physical force, it had
largely contributed to produce Not
| only the status of the laborer, but his be
liefs, his morals, his customs, his profes.
sion, and even his greatest achievements
in art and industry, were historically
the work of the ruling classes, in the
same manner and to the same extent as
the Creation, according to theological
| "
they planned and it was done. They
fancied and it was revelation, they
spoke and it was divine command; they
wiled and it was SO. And SO do we see
it recorded on the ruins of departed
empires, and more wildly still in such
monuments for the entombment OF
thought as the Institutes of Manu-, or in
such legislative fortresses against pos
sible awakenings as the Justinian Code
or, for that matter, all the codes tina
ever were, before or since.
These reflections are suggested by tn,
valuable contribution of DR.. Geo. C
Stiebeling, published in another column
on the Development of Mankind il
Prehistoric Times
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09
THE COMING COAL STRIKE.

Much has been said lately concerning
the dizziness of the anthracite coal trade.
From the reports published in the CAPT,
talist press it looked indeed as if the coz.
barons were the most unlucky dogs on
earth. All the industries were active;
they alone saw their business rapidly
declining. To be sure, we could not
understand it; for the Country" was
prosperous, and although the mild
winter had necessarily reduced the guam
tity of coal required for consumption in
houses, it seemed to us that the general
increase of industry ought to create a
demand more than sufficient to make
up for any deficiency on the other &C.
count. 1t now turns out that matters
are exactly as we thought they were.
The production Of anthracite coal for
the past six months rs, 1853, 900 tons
actually shows an insignificant decline
Q53,000 tons) as compared with the
corresponding period last year; on the
other hand, the accumulation at tide
water shipping points on June 30, was
only 720, 900 tons, or merely equal to the
output of the three producing regions
for a single week at their present low
rate of working. A rush of orders for
September deliveries is expected this
month and an advance of % cents per
ton is contemplated by the coal barons.
The prospect, therefore, is good for the
barons, who have cunningly, with a
view to profit, made coal famine one
of the coming possibilities. But it is
good also for the miners, whose intended
strike for eight hours may now be, quite
safely. supplemented by a demand for
higher wages
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09
AUGUST 9, 1890.
PROGRESS AND VALUE OF
HISTORY.

fSAJhIoo fhiNC FHGoZ W
HISTORY.
History, as the register of the various
experiences of mankind in the social
state, affords the only positive data on
which a social science can be constituted.
Hence the radical importance of its ac-
curacy and completeness; since any
omission in the record of essential phe-
nomena, or any deficiency in the stimuli
taneous observation of all the forces
through which they are produced, must
inevitably conduce to wrong concep-
ton Of some fundamental law.
Viewed in this light it may be asserted
that the history of the world has never
been written: not merely because of the
uncertainty which still prevails concern
ing the occurrence or nature of many
important events; but, above all things,
because of the systematic neglect, by all
past historians, of the greatest common
factor in the existence and evolution of
human associations, Productive Labor.
1t is not denied that occasional refer.
ences to the laboring class, with inform
alton and comments of more or less
value on its status and mode of life at
various epochs and in various climes,
are now found in all historical works of
some pretension, and more particularly
in those which, of late years, have had
in view the special treatment of econo
mic questions. 1t is even readily grant
ed that the progress made in this respect
during the last fifty years has been con
siderable. But it has rather consisted
heretofore in the collection of materials
by specialists than in their scientific co.
ordination by philosophers; and we find
nowhere, except in Auguste Comtes
"Philosophie Positive" and in Karl
Marks Capital y, an intelligent effort
to connect the slow motions of the huge
underlying mass of human beings,
whose worldwide function is Produc-
tive Labor, with the quicker activities
of the upper strata.
This persistent neglect for thousands
of years in the first place, and the recent
progress just noted on the other hand,
j.. are in themselves historical phenomena
of unquestionable significance Far from
being fortuitous, they are connected,
as will presently appear, with the very
laws of human development.
AT all times and in all countries the
laboring class necessarily constitutes
such vast majority of the population,
that, if its members are in any sense &c
be considered as men, an exhaustive
inquiry into the conditions and nantes
tatio 4 of its existence would seem tc
be the first duty of the student of man
kind. If, however, the laboring class
although composed of beings physiologi
cally recognized as human, is not con
sidered as sociologically an intrinsic
part of mankind-for the reason thai
it has no share in the government ant
benefits of human associations-then
and only then, does the aforesaid sys
tematic disregard become fully compre
hensible. Then the historian of Upper
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

of evils. True, they need not choose
either if the Socialists and Nationalist
can unite and place a really Independent
ticket in the field,
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

The Pennsylvania Railroad has for
warded to Harrisburg a check for $685.
655 the final balance of the purchase
money for the main line. The Company
bought from the State in 1857 the trans
portation line between Philadelphia and
Pittsburg, consisting of 11S miles of
railroad and 217 miles of canal, for ST.
500, 600, payable in annual instruments
of 100000 to August /, 1890. This
transportation line was built in 1886 at a
cost of $15, 900. The Pennsylvania
Railroad was chartered in 1S43 to paral-
lei the canal and cow owns both, having
paid for them one-half of their original
cost with small part only of the enorm-
Gus annual profits which they have
yielded.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

A dispatch from Minneapolis, dated
on the last day of July, states that the
best authorities estimate the wheat crop
of the Dakotas and Minnesota at 100,-
100000 bushels. The President of the
Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce en-
dorses these estimates. In spite of late
unfavOrable rumors, the hot weather
has not done serious damage, taking the
country as "A whole, and the harvest is
now in progress.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

creasing the economic dependence of the
people upon few magnates, actually
removes that speculative element which
was in large degree productive of
financial crises.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

The retail grocers of this city are bit
terly complaining of the exactons of
the great combination which has been
formed by the wholesale grocers among
themselves and with the manufacturers
and jobbers for keeping up the price of
sugar and other commodities. Their
trade organ vainly predicts its disrup-
ton. Far from showing any signs of
weakening the wholesalers organization
is daily extending. Not only it will, in
the course of time, cover the whole
country, but the probability is that it
will drive the retailers out Of business
by undertaking to directly supply the
consumers.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

Coincident with the stupendous in
crease of stocks and bonds representing
the capital of corporations is to be noted
the decrease of speculation in Wall
street. The official transactions of the
New York Stock Exchange show that
2,905, 600 shares changed hands in July
1890, as against 5.I01,0 in the CORES
ponding month of last year-a decrease
of 2,S02, 900 shares, or about 80 per cent.
Thus is wildly illustrated the statement,
repeatedly made in these columns, that
the concentration of capital, by placing
in the hands of great capitalists the
stocks and bonds of corporations for
permanent investment, sweeps away the
Spectator on margins and, while in
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

Among the stock concerns lately in
corporated under the laws of this State
is certain "Real Estate Owners Rent
Protection Company, whose object is
to supply information to house owners
concerning the responsibility and char
acter of tenants, to let out property, ress
ceive the rents, pay the taxes, and take
entire charge of the real estate. There
are already and have long been num-
bers of agents in the same line of bust
ness; but it seems that the demand of
our plutocrats for responsible and cheap
agencies which will relieve them of all
labor and anxiety is steadily increasing.
They do not want to have the trouble of
even collecting their rents. OF what use
in the world are such men.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

The land department of the Chicago
and Northwestern Railway Company
reports for the past year sales of lands
covering 67,450 acres and 1926 city lots
for S465, 900, The net cash receipts from
this source during the year were $685.
600 and the assets for lots and lands sold
on time amounted, at the close of the
year to $1,032 900. The net income of
this pauper monopoly Including the
interest on its bonds aggregates nearly
ten million dollars year. When it
shall have disposed of all tn public
lands which were granted to it, the road
will have actually cost nothing to its
stockholders.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09
NOT ES.

The large interest and dividend cou,
pons payable in July have been clipped
and cashed But the bond and stock
holders can have no rest for any length
of time. Comparatively few in number,
they must work hard to gather in and
pile up the wealth that millions of wage.
workers are producing. The interest
and dividends payable in August this
year are considerably larger than for
any corresponding month in previous
years. The stocks and bonds which have
coupons payable this month aggregate
$50 millions of dollars as against $50
millions in August 1899, showing an in
crease of 100 millions.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

The report comes from st. Louis that
the war against the English brewery
syndicate which is raging in Chicago,
Milwaukee and San Francisco, has ex-
tended to that city. The propretors
of the breweries bought by the English
capitalists had been given soft berths in
the amalgamated concern, most of them
retaining the management of their re-
spective establishments at high salary
and with nothing to do, since the skill
required is in the workingmen brewers,
not in the bosses. The syndicate soon
found that it could do very well without
them and therefore dismissed them.
Hence great indignation among the
kicked out bosses and their threats to
use the purchase money of their former
breweries in building new plants and
fighting the syndicate. Let them do so
by all means; and if they want their
former employees let the latter demand
high wages and good contract.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

The annual statement of the Calumet
and Hecla to its stockholders obviously
betrays by its conciseness the fear of
provoking public comment upon its
scandalous profits. From previous re-
ferences in our columns to this greatest
of copper monopolies our readers are
aware that with paid up capital of
only $1,250,000 it has already distributed
dividends to the amount of about thirty
millions of dollars. The wealth of its
mines is apparently ,inexhaustible, and
its capacity of production is only limited
by the demand for copper. The state
ment in question, as we have just Oh
served, is short and sweet. No account
is given of the operations of the mono.
poly. 1t consists merely of balance
sheet in which the ready CASH, copper
in store and bills receivable on the one
hand, and the liabilities on the other
hand, are given in Jumps; but it shows
that for the past year net profit of
very nearly two million dollars was
realized after paying into so-called
"Employes' Aid Fund" the sum of 49,
1880. This "Employes' Aid Fund.-" we
believe, is for the benevolent" purpose
of dispensing drugs among the workers
whose health is shattered by the poison
Gus copper, whereas the two millions of
gold dollars to be distributed among the
stockholders are intended to counteract
the poisonous fumes of previous divi-
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

Hard to say which are most frightened
at the Farmers Alliance-the Republi.
cans in the western States or the Demo-
Gratis in the southern.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

Superintendent Eckert says the in
dustry of the Western Union telegraph
ers is loyalty. We know better: 1t
is the necessity of bread and butter.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

New y DIRK State, at the end of the 10Th
Century, has re-established torture.
The murderer Kemmler has been tor
tured into insanity.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1890-08-09

The Board of Education is not, as it
should be, elected by the people. Ifit
were, union workmen would be en-
ployed on school repairs.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1890-12-03
LEGAL NOTICE.

IN THE PROBATE COURT OF THE
i county OF Salt Lake, territory OF Utah. In
the matter OF the estate of John Snider, de-
ceased. Order to show cause why order of sale of
real estate should not be made. John a. Snider
the admin strator Of the estate OF John Snider
deceased having filed his petition herein. duly
verified, praying for an order of sale of the
whole OF the real estate of said decedent, for the
purposes there;n set forth it is therefore or
dered by the Judge Of said court. that all per
sons interested in the estate of said deceased,
appear before the said probate court, on Fri
day the Cd day of January, 1891, at 10 O'Clock
in the forenoon Of said day, at the court room
of said probate court, at the county court
house, in the city and county of Salt Lake
Utah territory, to show cause why an order
should not be granted to the said administrator
to sell so much of the real estate of the said de
ceased at private sale as shall be necessary
and that copy Of this order be published a,
least four successive weeks in THE SALT LAKE
HERALD. newspaper printed and published in
said CITY and county.
Dated December |, 1890.
G. W. BARTCH,
Probate Judge.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1890-12-03
BUSINESS MEN, ATTENTION

Are your books properly posted?
Are you enabled to ascertain your financial
position from your books!
Are your accounts promptly rendered.
These things are essential, especially where
partnerships exist
We undertake to execute all clerical work at
reasonable rates. AS we give the whole of our
tinse to the above business, we can guarantee to
those entrusting us with their work our prompt
attention. Collecting accounts specially
The Salt Lake General Commission Agency
Co .,157 S. Main street.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1890-12-03
CHRISTMAS EVE.

We do not ask visitors to buy
anything ON the opening night,
but merely request all who
would like to see the finest dis
play OF Holiday Goods ever
shown in Salt Lake City to come
and walk through the rooms
and designate such articles as
they may desire to purchase.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1890-12-03
JUDGE LANEY REPORTS.


karrick AMI James.
JUDGE LANEY RERoRTs.
Judge Laney reported that during the
month of November, the fines assessed in
the police court amounted to 50, 1S4, of
which 1862 was paid in labor. Referred to
the committee on police.
1T Is GRANTED.
The committee on canal recommended
that the petition of the Utah Central rail
way for permission to build bridge over
the Jordan canal be granted. Adopted.
LICENSES GRANTED.
The committee on license recommended
that the petition of w. II. Hoffheimer for
z retail liquor license be granted; that the
petition of Juliet Croxall and p. sC.EChris-
Hansen for free merchants license be
granted. Adopted. u
TIE MAYORS ENTRY.
The city engineer reported that he had
established the east boundary line of the
mayors entry, from which 1t appeared that
Line reservation line encpoached on the
mayors entry eleven and eight-tenths Feet.
Adopted.
THE CITY BONDS.
The committee on finance recommended
that the date for receiving and opening bids
for S200,000 of city bonds be changed sc
that the bids shall be received from Decem
Der ID, $780, to January ID, 1891, the bids 10
be opened at 10 O'Clock a. M, on January
Is. Adopted.
HIS LICENSE REVOKED.
The committee on sanitary regulations
recommended that the license of Mr.. Rush
as plumber, be revoked, for violating the
ordinance on work done by him at the
opera house Adopted
RECOMMENDATION.
The superintendent of waterworks rec
commended that the water mains be ex
tended down Franklin avenue Referred
to committee on waterworks.
TO PURCHASE LAND.
The resolution submitted by the CITY at
torney authorizing the mayer to contrac
with the Union Pacific for the purchase b,
the city of 961 acres of land situated il
Utah county for Sl4, 341, to be paid in te,
equal payments, was then taken up an,
carried.
THOSE BLASTED PLANS.
A communication from r. kletting wa
read, in which he stated Prof. Ware aske
81 900 for making az examination of the re
vised plans of the city and county building
He wished to modify his proposition b.
LudL Juc COSI VI buC tAdluludliO
did not exceed $3.50. His proposition mad
at the last meeting was not to be strict
adhered to. but was intended simply I
form basis for more definite arrange
ment. Filed.
TO LOWER THE BED.
The Oregon Short Line and Utah North
ern represented that in constructor
tracks over City creek. it was found neces
sary TO straighten the bridges, and the
therefore asked that the bed Of the cree
be lowered. Granted.
Dog Tax Collector Silver favored th
council with one of his Bill Nye epistle,
which was referred to the marshal Jc
reported that during the month of Noven
Der he had collected dog taxes amountin
to 1922.
AND AGAIN THOSE PLANS.
Councilman Hall called up the report
no committee in regard to the emulnvmeI
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1890-12-03

We wish to call special atten.
ton to the fine assortment Of
goods in our Art Department,
including Choice Books in ella
borate bindings, Statuettss,
Bisque Flowers, and splendid
line of Beautiful Cards for
Christmas and New Years Pres
ents, from Prang's and other
celebrated establishments. This
department is in charge of
MISS Nj. DwYER.