Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-10-11

down into Pinch bilets and tests taken Irom
the two ends and the middle of the same. Al.
| In the basic Bessemer (Thomas) process: tne
carburising takes place in the almost compiete
absence of the Stag, rich in oxides and phos'
phoric acid, consequently IL proceeds Win ceI
| tainty, it is accompanied by no lmpor tahs ! c
| phosphorization. and is practicaDie lor any ue'
| sired percentage, without simultaneously IN,
creasing the manganese. BY the OMISSION ol
the spiegeleisen considerable economy Is
effected.
ECoNoMIZED BY SAVING sPIEGEL.
In the Bessemer process: the carburisanon
takes place up to the highest grade OF hardness
with far greater safety than by the help Oh
| spiegel, and without the increase in manganese.
consequent upon the employment of the latter
process Here also considerable economy is
effected due to the saving in spiegel: The
trials were made among others on some Amerl-
can works.
In the open hearth process: for the acid and
basic open hearth processes, the advantages
obtained are very nearly Identical WIN those
mentioned for the Bessemer and Ihomas
processes, the very considerable cost OF the
ferro-manganese and ferro-silicOn especlaIiy
combination of the process with the basic
open hearth process permits of the production
OF a steel, which for many industrial purposes
can successfully measure itself Win c!ueloIe
steel. BY this method also material Is pro-
duced. which in the future Will ma very
advantageous employment as the raw material
In the crucible steel process.
The economy resulting from the employment
of the carburislng process is here considerable;
similar relation holds good in the acid open
hearth process. From the foregoing 1t is clear
that the superiority of the carburislng process
In regard to the question of cost becomes the
more considerable the higher the grade OF
hardness of the material to be produced; 10 the
advantage that the harder sorts OF steel can De
produced with far greater ease and safety
There is to be added the very considerable
economy in the cost of production, while by the
old process the cost of production rose consld-
erably with the grade of hardness.
During the month of July there was effected
in the carburising process another modinca-
t1on. which considerably improved one of our
Leading articles, viz. tyres. We use for the
manufaeture of tyres small ingots containing
sufficient material for one tyre which after be-
ing hammered into fat disks are perforated in
the middle. this perforation being enlarged be-
fore the disk is reheated before rolling. This
method requires that the surface of the ingots
is without any flaws and it must be as well
without any pores. as all deficiencies can be
seen afterward in the finished type. The Sic
mems Martin steel obtained by the carburisa-
tion process does not show Immediately after
the casting an absolute even surface. The car
buried material was therefore taken as mate
rial for tyres.
ALUMINIUM IN THE BATH.
Experiments we're made to give the bath a
small! addition of aluminium and in conse-
quence of this all difficulties were removed.
BY adding at the outside 0.04 per cent of alum
mum an ingot was obtained, which was abso-
lutely free from porosties; and eminently fit
to be used for tyres. Following up these ex-
periments several solid castings were made out
of the carburized material and these turned
out equally satisfactory, being positively flaw
less.
Mr.. P. G. Gilchrist opened the discussion
OF Mr.. Theilen's paper. He said:
1 can freely indorse his process, When MIR.
Darby mentioned his process followed it step
by step with much interest. You are aware
that there we're two discoveries required to per-
feet it or two in the case of open hearth and
three in the case of basic. In July of this
year Mr.. Arthur Coop. of the Northeast Com
pany's Works, went over with me to Ruhrort
and saw everything in connection with basic
open hearth and basic Bessemer. We found,
ourselves, everything Mr.. Thielen has stated in
his paper. Our experience differs from the
German experience. Mr.. Cooper says in his
letter:
I'm accordance with my promise hand you
on fly leaf the estimations of carbon in each of
the nine ingots of blow 80 and in each of the
eight ingotS of blow 37S, together with the
phosphorus AID several manganese results. l
also hand you the mechanical tests of rails
give exceedingly regular results. The amount
of carbon arrived at in blow $40 was 45 to so,
and in blow 378, 30 to 35''
Mr.. Snelus said we were now able to make
a steel equal to any made from the best
Swedish iron. He paid tribute to Mr..
Thielen for the diligent and thoughtful
manner in which the tests had been carried
on, and perfectly agreed with him in every
thing he said in his paper.
Mr.. 1hielen (smiling)-I am happy to
hear that all you gentlemen thoroughly
agree with me, and perfectly agree with
myself.