Fisherman & farmer. [volume] (Edenton, N.C.) 1887-19??, 1890-12-12

either our home market for such products Of
the farm and shop as our owu people can
supply or the wages Of our working peopls.
RECIPROCITY.
In many of the products of wood and iron,
and in meats and breadstuffs, have ad-
vantages that only nee1 better facilities OF
intercourse and transportation 20 secure for
them large foreign markets. The reciprocity
clause of the Tariff act wisely and effectively
opens tho way to secure q large reciprocal
trade In exchange for the free admission TO
our ports OF certain products. The right
of Independent nations to make special re-
ciprocal trade concessions is well established
and does not impair either the comfy due TO
ether powers or what Is known as the
characterization clause, so generally found
in commercial treaties. What is given to
emo for an adequate agreed consideration
cannot be claimed by another freely. The
state of the revenues was such that we
could dispense with any important duties
upon coffee tea, hides and the
lower grades Of sugar and molaSSes.
That the large advantage resulting To the
countries producing and exporting these ar
ticles by placing them on the free list en-
titled US to expect a fair return in the way
of customs concessions upon articles exported
by us TO them was so obvious that TO nave
gratuitously abandoned this opportunity to
enlarge our trade would have been an un-
pardonable error
There were but two methods OF maintain
ing control of this question open 10 Congress.
to place all of these articles upon the dutia.
BILE list subject TO such treaty agreements as
could be secured, or to place them ali pres
emily upon the free list. but subject to tbs
reimpOSition Of speclfie.s duties II the
countries from which we received them
should refuse TO give TO US suitable reclpro-
cal benefits. This latter method, | think
possesses great advantages.
The indications thus far given are yer,
hopeful of early and favorable action by the
countries from which We receive our large
imports of coffee and sugar and it Is cond.
IDENTIFY believed that if steam communication
with these countries can be promptly inn
proved and enlarged the next year will show
a most gratifying increase in our exports OF
breadstuffs and provisions, as we'll as OF
some important lines of manufactured goods.
AID FOR AMERICAN SHIPPING.
desire to repeat with added urgency the
recommendations contained in my last an
nual message in relation to the develop
ment of American steamship lines. The
reciprocity clause of the Tariff bill will be
largely limited, and it's benefits retarded
and diminished, if provision Is not
contemporaneously made to encourage
the establishment of frst-claSS steam
communication between our ports and the
ports of such nations may meet our over
lures for enlarged commercial exchan yeS.
The steamship, carrying the mails stately
and frequently, and offering to passengers
comfortable, safe, and speedy anslt, Is the
first condition of foreign trade. It carries the
order or the buyer, but not all that is ordered
or bought. 1t gives to the sailing vessels such
cargoes as are not urgent or perishable, and,
indirectly at least, promotes that important
ad iunct of commerce. There Is now both in
this country and in the nations of Central and
South America state of expectation and
confidence as to increased trade that will give
double value to your prompt action upon
this question.
The South Atlantic and Gulf ports occupy
a very favored position toward the new and
important commerce which the reciprocity
clause of the tariff act and the postal ship
ping bill are designed to promote. Steamship
lines from these ports to some northern port
of South America will almost certainly effect
a connection between the railroad systems of
the continents long before any continuous
line of railroads can be put into operation.
The very large appropriation made aC the last
session for the harbor Of Galveston was JustI-
fed, as it seemed TO me, by these consldera-
tions The great North west will feel the
advantage of trunk lines to the South as well
as to the East, and of the new markets opened,
for their surplus food products and for many
of their manufactured products.
AN INTERNATIONAL BANK.
had occasion in May last to transmit TO
Congress a report adopted by the Interna-
tional American Conference upon the sub
iect of the incorpoI alton of an international
American bank, with a view to facilitating
money exchanges between the States repre-
sented in that conference. Such an in
stitution would greatly promote the
trade we are seeking to develop. ]
renew the recommendation that a careful
and well-guarded charter be granted. do
not think the powers granted should include
those ordinarily exercised by trust, guaranty
and safe-depOsit companies or that more
branches in the United States should be au-
thorized than are strictly necessary to ac-
compIish the object primarily in view,
namely, convenient foreign exchanges.
1t is quite important that prompt action
should be taken in this matter, in order that
any appropriations for better communication
with these countries, and any agreements
that may be made for reciprocal trade, may
not be hindered by the inconvenience Of max
ing exchanges through European money
centers, or burdened by the tribute which Is
an incident of that method of business.
RELIEF FOR THE SUPREME COURT.
The bill for the relief of the Supreme Court
has, after many years Of discussion, reache1a
position where final action is easily attain
able, and it is hoped that any differences Of
opinion may be so harmonieed as 20 save the
essential features of this very important
measure. In tnis connection I earnestly re-
new my recon- incubation that the salaries OF
judges of the United States district courts be
SO readjusted that none of them shall receive
less than 5000 per annum.
A NATIONAL BANKRUPT LAW.
The enactment of a national bankrupt law
l still regard as very desirable The Consti-
tuition having given TO Congress jurisdiction
of this subject, it should be exercised, and
uniform rules provided for tae administra-
ton of the affairs of insolvent debtors. The
inconvenience resulting from the occasional
and temporary exercise of the power by