Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1890-09-18
FOR THE FARMER.
Directions for GraftinS-The Agrtc ultural
Department ON Rust. Leaf-bliSht,
Firc-blight, Black-rOt, Etc.
Importance of Thorough WOrk-EconO.
mizing Labnr--Among the Poultry
Farmers and City Consumers.
Directions for Grating.

AIR. S. Miller, writing from South
Journal, describes his process of graft
ing as follows: whether the tree be
large or small, the same process will
answer, only if it is on large trees it is
not advisable to graft on limbs over
one inch in diameter. A fine-toothed
saw we'll set and sharp, a strong-bladed
knife, a little mallet. well-tapered
little wedge and another small-bladed
knife that will carry q sharp edge.
Saw the tree or limb off square, then
with the large knife smooth the stub,
taking care that the bark is not bruised.
Place the knife in the middle of the
limb, and with the mallet drive it
down until the split is an inch or
more, according to the thickness OF
the stick; drive your little wedge in
the middle until opened sufficiently to
receive the graft. The graft should
be about three inches long, and shaved
wedged-shaped. with taper of about
an inch, leaving one side little thick
er than the other. Insert this wedge
and press it into the side OF the cleft
firmly with the thumb and finger. Of
course with the thickcst part Of the
wedge on the outside, and SO that the
inside line of the bark of the graft and
that of the stock he on an exact line.
Take out the wedge and cement the
graft (Which should be put in two
thirds of the wedge parD also the split
on both sides and on top. or in other
words, cover all the bare wood to keep
out the air and rain.
The cement l have used forty years
is used by me still, and is made as fol-
lows: "One pound resin, one-quarter
pound beeswax and one-quarter pound
beef tallow; melt all together over the
fire, and. when liquid. pour into water
not too cold; grease the hands and
work it like shoemaker's wax or tatfy
until the water is out and it becomes a
nice yellow color, or roll in balls of
half a pound each, and lay in a cool
place. When needed for grating.
have little iron kettle and melt your
cement in it over slow fire. Apply
with thin paddle, slopcd off at The
end. or u small paint brush will an
swer, if care is taken that the cement
never gets so hot rs to scorch, as this
cement will get hot enough to SINCE a
feather.
In operating upon large trees there
should never be more than one-half of
the top worked upon at one time, rs
the balance is needed to carry off part
of the force of the tree to prevent the
gratis from growing too fast and make
them liable to be blown off by high
wind
When the graft commences growing.
the sprouts around the graft must be
kept rubbed off.
When grating is done on small
trees under ground, the cement is really
not necessary; only fill in with earth
and press firmly, with care that the
graft may not be put out of place.
When grating small trees on limbs,
l make the split with a knife, without
the mallet. and stick the point of the
blade in the split to hold it open until
the graft is inserted.
Fungous Diseases.
The United States Department o.
Agriculture has just issued Bulletin
No. IL of the Section of Vegetable
Pathology. This publication, prepared
by B. L. Galloway. Chief of the Sec
! ton, is a report ON the experiment
made in 1889 in the treatment OF sew
eral important plant diseases.
The work was carried on in nine
States, embracing nearly every variety
of soil and climate and the results Il.
set forth are us whole highly en-
couraging despite the fact that thu
season was one of the worst evel
known for fungous diseases of III
kinds. The diseases under treatmen
were scab, rust aud bitter.rot of tn,
apple; powdery mildew, downy mil
dew. leaf blight. anthracnose, ant
black-rot of the grape; leaf-blight of TIL
pear; leaf-blight. rust. and tire-bligh
of the ounce; leaf-blight of the straw
berry; rust and leaf-blight of the black
berry; rot and blight Of the potato, to
mato. and melon.
Considerable space is devoted to
summary of volunteer reports on vim
diseases. from which it appears tina
nearly every one who followed the di
rections laid down by the department
succeeded in saving the greater part Q
their crop. From all accounts it woul
seem that the Bordeaux mixture con
tanning six pounds of copper and fou
pounds of lime to twenty-five gallon
of water is still the most reliable rene
dy for grape diseases. The result;
however, of the treatment with the an
moniacal carbonate of copper solutio
are highly encouraging and lead to tn
belief that in ordinary seasons it wi
be the cheapest, most desirable an
effective remedy. One great advan
age it possesses over the Bordeau
mixture is that it does not spot tn
fruit. which is matter of importance
especially where the grapes are use
for the table. Mr.. Galloway suggest
that the Bordeaux mixture be used fe
the first three treatments after whic
the ammonical solution be substitute
for the rest of the season.
Apple scab was treated in Wisconsi
and Michigan with remarkably sati
factory results. the best remedies bein
the ammoniacal solution and moditie
x.,,, aolncto thn oo,1io,t;Op