Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-03-05
circles around the foot of the stem. but

| 70. Glover and sOWed grain should
| never be allowed in young orchards:
grass, If kept short and annually top
dressed with manure, is admissible !;
hoed crops, as corn and potatoes, do
we'll: and clear culture is best.
Il. III well-managed orchards much
| pruning is unnecessary, and when per-
| formed, do but little in any one year;
thin the outside of the head and not
| the center, and paint all the wounds.
%. Undesirable fruits, or those
proved united to the climate, may be
| changed to good ones by grating; sew
| eral gratis, spread over the heads, will
| soon form bearing trees. For large trees,
divide the grating through two OF three
| seasons.
%. For home use set out good varie-
ties enough to keep up a constant sue
cession from the midsummer kinds
through autumn and winter, and of
| long-keepers that last through spring till
the ripenins of strawberries.
"a. For market, choose such as bear
heavy crops of salable apples, and plant
orchards only in such places as they
succeed well in, and find ready sale at
| the most profta BILE times ofthe year.
| rs. If trees are received when frozen,
they will be killed if thawed in the air !;
but if compactly buried in mellow sol
before thawing, they will not be in
jured.
rs. Mice are excluded in winter by a
| smooth, compact cOnical mound of soil
around the stem of each tree, to be
leveled again in spring.
| 81. Old trees may be pushed into new
life and bearing by top-dressing we'll q
circle of two rods diameter about them,
and pruning out dead shoots.
| CS ASROnn as q VOun ORC Sp r6 gNt
| out, register the varieties in an account
book, otherwise, the label being lost
| before bearing, loss and confusion OF
names will result.
| 20. Tools for cultivating orchards
without tearing up roots are the Acme
smoothing harrow, Shares and disk
| harrow.
80. Destroy cooling moths by spray
| ing with Paris green and London pur-
pie, and punch borers in their holes
with flexible wire.
s31. Farmers who allow cattle to break
into their young orchards should re-
member that fences are as important as
manure.
80. Planting in thin soil, setting trees
hurriedly and allowing weeds and grass
| possession or hard and crusted earth,
will not accumulate silver and gold.
80. Planting large nursery trees, care,
lessly dug with short and mutilated
roots, will prove Improbable.
"a. Shortening back the heads of
newly-transplanted trees after the
opening OF the leaves. instead of before
the swelling of the buds, checks the
growth and seriously Injuries them.
50. Allowing weeds and grass to grow
in young orchards invites mice and
stunts the trees.
81. Permitting suckers to grow around
the trunks and thus making q wastetul
bush-heap, spoils the trees.
81. Setting young orchards in mead
ows and grain fields often DESTROYS
them.
SO. Pruning too much at time, in
stead of light pruning i'll successive
years if needed, Injuries the vigor Of
trees Country Gentleman.
Too Much Currying.
Prof S. w. Sanborn publishes in the
Breeders Gazette brief account of re-
suits from experiments made by him at
the agricultural college in this state,
when he was in charge of it, in regard
to currvlng horses and cattle during the
winter, while standing in the stable.
The ideas Will not be new to many of
our readers, but may be to some, while to
| those who are familiar with them, the
pleasant. The experiments were per-
haps not extended enough, nor suffi-
GENTLY duplicated, to amount to demon
stration. But as far as they go they
show no gain to the animal, but in
creased consumption of feed and the
| loss of time spent in currying. The
currycomb especially is liable to Gauss
considerable irritation of the skin,
while the removal Of the hair and the
accumulation of dandruff causes extra
radiation of heat, which calls for addi-
| tional food to keep up the temperature
| of the body. Brushing, which would
remove all dirt and hairs, and cause the
| coat to lie smooth, is not positively in
| promoting; but the vigorous use of the
currycomb. which many horses show
| by their action is disagreeble, is harm
| jul and sometimes cruel. When the
| horse Is sweaty, it ought to be we'll
| wiped off in summer, but in winter it is
| better to let the horse stand blanketed
| until the moisture is dried off, lest the
| skin be chilled and cold result which
| would close more pores than any
amount of currying could open. When
| dry, areiul use OF the brush may be
| beneficial by removing loose hairs and
| preventing itching. But COWS and
| tention of this kind as the horse, for
reason that they are not put in tine un-
natural condition OF sweating, and they
| have the habit of cleaning themselves
| by licking, which the horse has not, his
one resort being to rub against some
| thing when he itches. However, there
should be no neglect to give cows a
| chance to keep clean by providing them
with clean beds, nor to remove any un-
| slightly accumulations from their sides.
But nature does not provide curry
combs, while she has made provision
| that healthy skin shall be, to q large
| extent, selt-cleaning. Neither does she
| build stalls and con6ne cattle in them
| to wallow in their own droppings. 1t
is better to avoid filth than 10 remove
| it.
| Destroying Orchard Insects.
| At the late meeting Of the Western
| New York Horticultural Society this
subject was fully discussed. Prof Bail
ely supposed that all agree that spraying
apples and pears is success ul. 1t was
4 I