davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE
CONSTITUTION.

HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. &.
HOUSE JoMr RESOLUTION No. s, Proposing IN
amendment 70 sections three and twenty-five Of
article two Of the constitution.
Be- resolved b. ne Legisaswe Of ls &ass Of Keasas
aCoairds Of As ~ss'bvs elected 70 each hoses 1erse1
SECTION /. The following proposition to amend
ne constitution Of the state Of Kansas u hereby
submitted TO the qualified electors Of the state for
their approval or rejection. namely: That section
three, article two, BE- amended % that the same
shall read - follows: Section 8. The members Of
the legislature shall receive - compensation for
their services the sum of three dollars for each
son. asn cent. 10Y esS mile 5,
the usual route in going to and returning from the
place Of meeting; but no compensation shall be
allowed or paid TO any member for more than
ninety days at any regular session, nor for more
than thirty days at any special session. And that
section twenty Of article two be amended 20 -
to read ~ follows: Section Is. All sessions Of the
legislature shall be held at the state capital and all
regular sessions shall be held once in two years,
commencing on the first Tuesday Of December Of
each alternate year, commencing on the first Tues
day of December, a. D. one thousand eight hundred
and ninety.
SIC q This proposition shall lie submitted to the
electors of this state at the general election Of rep
rcsentaiives TO the legislature in the year A. d.
eighteen hundred and ninety for their approval or
rejection Those voting in favor Of this PROPOSE
ton shall have written or printed their ballots.
For the amendment to sections three and twenty
Eve of article two of the constitution" those vot-
ing agains, the said proposition shall have written
or printed on their ballots, Against the amend
ment to sections three and twenty-five of article
two of the constitution" Said ballots shall be re-
ceived and said votes shall be taken, counted can
yassed, and returns thereof be made, in the same
manner and in all respects Is is provided by law In
case Of the election Of representatives to the legs
lature.
Sec This resolution shall take effect and be in
force from and after its publication In the statute
book.
Approved March I, 1882
hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and
correct copy of the original enrolled resolution now
on file in my Office and that the same took effect by
publication in the statute book May 18th, 1889.
WILLIAM HIGGINS, Secretary Of State.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
G. w. GOODSOE,
LAWYER,
COLBY. KANSAS
". S. WILLCOXON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
COLBY. KANSAS.
KANSAS
COLBY.
COLBY
Publication Notice.

Publication Notice.
In the district court within and r the cOun-
ty of Thomas in the state of Kansas.
William A. Jackson, Plaintiff.
John S. Snow, Sarah a. Snow, L. L. French
and r. L. Riddle, formerly partners as
French 4 Riddle, and Sarah G. Montgomery
Defendant.
John S. Snow. Sarah A. Snow. L. L. French
and Sarah &. Montgomery will take notice
that the said William A. jackson, plaintiff, did,
on the 18th day of September, 1890, file his pc
tition in said district court within and for the
county of Thomas in the state of Kansas
against the said defendants and each of them,
and that the said defendants and each of
them must answer said petition filed as afOre-
said on or before the 9Th day of November.
1890. or said petition will be taken as true, aud
judgment rendered in said action against
Snow. for the sum of I've hundred forty-one
and SO. 100 dollars. with interest thereon at the
rate of IL per cent per annum from the 18th
day of September, 1880. and further judg-
ment against said defendants John s. Snow,
Sarah A. Snow, L.. L. French and Sarah G.
Montgomery For the foreclosure of a certain
mortgage upon the following described real
estate. tO-wit: The southeast quarter of Sec
ton twenty-eight C2S), in township seven ca.
south of range thirty-six C6), west, situate and
Kansas. and adjudging that said plaintiff have
the first lien on said premises, to the amount
for which judgment will be taken as aforesaid.
and ordering said premises to be sold without
payment of the amount due plaintiff and costs
of suit, and forever barring and foreclosing
said defendants and each of them, of and
from all right title estate, interest, property,
and equity of redemption in or 70 said premis-
es, or any part thereof.
JOSEPH A. GILL. Attorney for Plaintiff.
Attest-C. w. ROBBINS. Clerk.
(SEAL.] 27-3
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
will not forget her heroes.

WILL not IOf&o6 uer u0IVoo.
By this time three or four officers had
Joined the group, one Of whom, . man
Of large proportions, whose bronzed
face indicated the habit Of command,
but not of self-control, and whose eyes
had that furtive look which we asso-
ciate with moral obliquity, interrupted
the conversation with forid complt-
ments to the ladies. he was Colonel
Lemourier, commander Of scouts and
irregular troops, and distinguished not
only as an Indian fighter but duelist.
dead shot, and an inviacible swords
man.
she is her fiancee," whispered the
elder lady, Madame Chevreul to De Bar
FAC. 1.-THE match was arranged by their
families in France, and as he could not
get leave of absence she was sent out to
me, and the marriage will take place
when he returns from the campaign
which is now preparing
Doubtless the kind-hearted lady had
detected the admiring glance in the
young mans eyes, and thus took the
opportunity to warn him against vain
hopes. De Barzac was conscious OF .
pang Of disappointment 80 keen that
he was about to retire when she laid .
OBTAINING hand upon his arm.
"We give little tste tonight in honor
of my niece" she said, land shall ex-
pect you. Promise me-"
It was late when De Barzac arrived at
the home of Nine. Chevreul. The
rooms were brilliantly lighted and
crowded with men in uniform, while
the number of ladies and civilians was
much less. The older people were play
ing cards or discussing military affairs,
while the younger portion were dancing
or lounging around the rooms. listening
70 tho music and irving to fancy them
selves In ParlSlan salon.
The hostess met De Barzac at the
door.
.sLoiterer!' she exclaimed, "Where
hast thou tarried SO long? or is thine
ear SO attuned to trumpet call and war
whoop that thou carest no more for the
music of the dance? But l have .
pleasant task in store for thee"
ITO he cOnfinuedl
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
Publication Notice.
State of Kansas, Thomas county, IS:
In the district court for said county.
George w. Metcalf, Plaintiff,

SC8te OF Kansas, TnOmaS county, IS:
In the district court for said county.
George w. Metcalf, Plaintiff,
VS..
E. A. Hall and J. B. McGonigal, Defendant
Said defendant, E. A. Hall. will take notice
that he has been sued in the above named
court for upon petition showing that plain
tilt is the owner in fee of lots two ~ and three
g., in block thirty-tOur, in the original town
of Colby, Thomas county, state of Kansas. and
praying that a certain mortgage deed made by
defendant J. b. McGOnigal, and Rachel Nc
Gonigal, his wife, of the above described
premises, on the 23d day of September. 1888.
to defendant E. A. Hall to secure payment of
a certain promissory note of said J. B. Nc.
Gonigal for the sum of $500 90, of that date.
due one year after date, be cancelled and sat.
isfied on the records of Thomas county, state
of Kansas, as an unjust cloud upon plaintiffs
said title in fee, and must answer the petition
filed therein by said plaintiff on or before the
9Th day of November, A. ID. 1890, or said petit
ton will De taken as true, and judgment for
plaintiff in said action to quiet the title in said
premises, cancel and satisfy said mortgage of
record. and declare said title thereof in plain
tiff, will be rendered accordingly.
Attest-C. w. ROBBINS, Clerk of said Court.
[SEAL.l
JOSEPH A. GILL,
21.3 Attorney for Plaintiff.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
ALADY's PERFECT COMPANION.

Our new book by DR.. John H.Dye. one
of New York's most skillful physicians.
shows that pain is not necessary in child
birth. but results from causes easily I'M
derstood and overcome. 1t clearly proves
,hrt any woman may become a mother
without suffering any pain whatever. 1t
also tells how to overcome and prevent
mo, ming sickness and the many other
evils attending pregnancy. 1t is highly
endorsed by physicians everywhere as
the wife's true private companion. Cut
this out; it will save you great pain, and
possibly your life. Send two-cent stamp
for descriptive circulars. testimonials. and
confidential letter sent in sealed envel'
one. Address FRANK THOMAS & Co, Pub.
fishers, Baltimore. Md.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25

For the yearly meeting of the Society
of Friends, to be held at Lawrence, Kas.,
Oct 9th to 10Th, the Union Pacific, the
Overland Route" will sell tickets at tine
rate of one fare for the round trip from
points on its lines in Kansas.
Tickets will be sold Oct 9Th to 10Th,
inclusive, good returning to Oct. 20th.
For time of trains and other informa.
ton apply to G. P. Cook,
Agent U. P. System.
I'd Colby, Kansas.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25

PNOficdttON Notice.
STATE OF KANSAS
THOMAS COUNTY
In justices before Van Metre, a justice of
the peace OF Morgan township, Thomas cOun-
ty, Kansas.
James D. Ball, Plaintiff,
VS..
c. Setter. Defendant.
Said defendant will take notice that he has
been sued in the above entitled action and
that on the 18th day of September A. d. 1890,
garniShment summons for the sum of seven
and N1OO dollars and for costs of slit was is
sued in the above entitled action to the Far
mers and Merchants Bank of Colby. Kansas,
and that on the 18th day of September A. ID.
1890 said garnishee answered. showing that
they had money in their hands belonging to
said defen' ant: said defendent will also take
notice that said cause will be heard on the
18th day of October 1890 at 10 O'Clock a. m
Attest: f. VAN METRE, J.P.
w. ). WILLCOSON, Atty. 26-4
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25

Mr.. John Keown. the worthy postmas-
ter at Keown, Allegheny county. Penn.
says: Chamberlain Cough Remedy
sells better than any other" The reason
of this is because 1t can always be de-
pended upon. Let anyone troubled with
a severe cold give it trial, and they will
find that the first dose will relieve the
lungs and make breathing easier, and
that It's continued use Will free the sys-
tenn of all symptoms of the cold. The
promptness and certainty of this remedy
in the relief and cure of colds has won
for it many sincere friends and made it
very popular. For sale by Martin s.
Hampton.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
-iuctiOu Sale Of Stock.

On the 18th day of October 1890. l will
offer for sale on section 81. town 6. range
Il, miles northwest of Rexford, milch
cows. yearlings, calves, 1 ? year-O'd
bull. Also quantity of wheat. Time
gwen on sums over S. with approved
security. Mrs. G. JACOBSON.
26-2t
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATIONS. .521.
Land Office at Oberlin, Kansas.

Sept %, 1890.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice Of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim.
and that said proof will be made before the
probate judge and eX-OffcO clerk of the pro-
bate court OF Thomas county, at colby, Kan
saS, on Nov. /. $780, viz:
GODFREY C. STOUT,
n + No 615, for the swli sec 4. town 9s, range
33w
He names the following witnesses to prove
MS continuous residence upon and cultivation
of said land. viz: William Parks. Walter Rot
tori, Charles Littell, Oscar Williams, all of
colby, Kansas
CYRUS ANDERSON Register
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25

SHILOH'S VITALIZER is what you
need for constipation, loss of appetite,
dizziness, and all symptoms of dyspepsia.
Price 10 and 15 cents per bottle For sale
by Martin & Hampton.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
TWO P4PERS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE
4 Splendid Offer.

Having made special arrangements
with the publisher of THE LEAvENwORTH
FINES, a splendid SPACE family news
paper, published at Leavenworth, and
worthy of patronage, we are enabled to
offer the THOMAS COUNTY CAT and THE
LEAvENwORTH WEEKLY TINES both one
year for S1O0.
Every Kansas man should have his
county paper for home news and paper
from the manufacturing metropolis of
the state. Give this combination trial.
Offer good for three months only.
We will send you the LEAvENwoRTH
DAILY TINES and this paper one year for
$500. BY this arrangement you get the
best weekly paper in the county and the
best daily paper in Kansas one year for
the usual price of two weeklies: This
offer good for thee months only.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
17-tf

THE REV. GEO. III. THAYER, of
Bourbon, Ind, says: Both myself and
wife owe our lives to SHILOH'S CON
SUMPTION CURE" For sale by Mar
tin & Hampton. 8
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
FULLER'S ELECTRIC BELT

Is performing remarkable cures all over
the country. 1t is a genuine battery and
gives fine current of electricity.
For full particulars call on or address
II. CRIPPEN, Agent,
17-tf Colby, Kansas.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25

SHILOH'S CURE will Immediately
relieve Group. whooping cough and bron
chitis. For sale by Martin & Hampton. IA
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATIONS. .454
Land Office at Obcrlin, Kansas.

1871.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his inten-
ton to make final proof ip support of his
claim, and that said proof will be made before
vsence before the clerk thereof. Thomas coun-
ty at Colby, Kans., on October 18th. 1880, viz:
ALBERT V. SPURGIN,
No 419S, for the se14 seclS twp9s range32w
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon and cultiva-
ton OF said land, viz: William Fl. Smith and
Emery Bond. of Colby, Kans. Christian JAG
OLSON and jefferson Barry. of ThurfOrd Kas.
9-l1-25-6w CYRUS ANDERSON, Register.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION--aO459.
Gland Office at Oberlin Kansas
Sept. Sth, 1880.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
that said proof will be made before the
probate judge and ex-OficiO clerk of the pro-
bate court of Thomas county Kansas at Colby
Kansas on Hoy 4, s 81 lsse VIZ Gap,sox
II No 2s41 for the sell sec ?, town IS range
33w
He names the following witnesses to prove
ton of said land. viz: David E. Misner,
and Ruben d. Misner. of Colby. Kansas; and
Crockett G. Bales and Lon Puget, of ThurfOi
aII-2SSx CYKUs ANDERSON Register.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION-20411.
Land Office at Oberlin. Kansas.
Sept. l, 1880.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support OF his claim.
and that said proof will be made before the
probate judge of Thomas county, Kansas, and
'ex -oficiO clerk of the probate court, at Col
by Kans on Oct. 10th, 1890. viz:
CATHARINE MACY,
Widow of Joseph Macy, decd.
No 1881 for the nwA sec town as, range
33w.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon and cutiva-
zion of said land. viz: John Cunningham,
Charles K Smith. Hiram H. Miller. Frank
Dickinson, of Colby Kansas
@ -246W CYRUS ANDERSON Register.
Publication Notice
STATE OF KANSAS az
THOMAS COUNTY
In the district court for SAID county.
B.. J. woodruff. Plainfin,
vs..
H;la r. woodruff, Defendant.
Said defendant Hila E. woodruff: Will take
notice that she has been sued In the above
named court for upon an action Tor divorce
on the ground of abandonment for more tnan
one wear and must answer the petition nled
fherein by said plaintiff on or before the btn
Sav Of November A. lS00,0r said petition Will
ID tsken e true and judgment Tor plaintiff 10
ssid acton for divorce from DEFENDANT VIII
b rendered accordingly: -
-, Attest: W: kocn
iS5 IA. Gnl. Atay for Pit6.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION-aO $685.

4NO11SL Oh llON-SU.0 go.
Land Office at Oberlin, Kansas,
Sept. -, 1890.
Notice is hereby given that the following.
named settler has filed notice of his intention
and that said proof will be made before the
Judge of the district court or in his absence
before the clerk thereof of Thomas county. at
Colby. Kansas. on Nov. 9Th, 1890, viz:
ARTHUR L. TOLLMAN..
35w.
He names the following witnesses to prove
ct said land, viz: Benjamin F. Haskin, Jonn
Shafer, John Butliner, all of Levant, Kansas:
Josiah A. Brooks. of Colby, Kans.
CYRUS ANDERSON, Register.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATIONS., 5ss.
Land Office at Oberlin, Kas.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim.
and that said proof will be made before the
judge of the district court or in his absence
before the clerk thereof at Colby. Kansas, on
WV iIExANDER sHOwALrER
He Nos0 for the nwk secl2. twpSs. rangeS6w
He names the following witnesses to prove
MS continuous residence upon and cultiva-
ton OF said land. viz; Frank Tubbs, George
ss5-27-6w CYRUS ANDERSON. Register.
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION-eO256.
Land Office at Oberiin, Kans.
August nth, 1890.
Notice Is hereby given that the following
named settler has fled notice Of his intention
to make nnal proof in support of his claim.
bate judge and ex-ofiicio clerk Of the probate
court OF Thomas county. at colby, Kans.. on
Oct. g, 1890, viz:
| JIG. DlNWIDDIE.
| II NO 6NE, Tor the nwk section g, town Sc,
Range aw.
He names the following witnesses to prove
| OF said land, viz: T. d, Shield. ThoGoo Ram-
leeyE a. bradrick, Isaac Bradk1ek, - Ct COX
Gnes CYRUS AxDsasoa. 1sonuesr.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
FRIENDS.

(TO be cOntinued,)
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25

In the district court within and FIR the coun
ty of Thomas in the state of Kansas.
William A. Jackson, Plaintiff
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.-sO3o

Land Office at Oberlin, Kans..
August Is, 1890.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has fled notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim,
and that said proof will be made before the
judge of the district court or in his absence
before the clerk thereof ut colby. Kansas, on
Sept. 9TH 1890, viz.
JAMES G. McCLCNG
H e 5143 for the sell sec 2. town Is. range asw
He names the following witnesses TO prove
his continuous residence upon and cultiva-
riOn of said land. viz: Robert Young, William
Young and George w. Love. of Colby Kan
sas, and L. j. Egbert. of Oakley, Kans.
CYRUS ANDERSON, Register.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION-.2O, 375
Land Office at Oberlin, Kansas.

Land Office at Oberlin, Kansas,
Aug. 25. 1890.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of
fore the judge of the Dist. court or in his alb
sence before the clerk thereof, at Colby, Kan
sas. on Oct. 3. 1890. viz:
ROBERT E BARNETT,
H E No 5S4lfOr the neA sec 20 T Is II 2w.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon and cultiva-
ton of, said land, viz: Samuel w. NicOl,
Robert B. Davidson. both of Deland, Kansas.
j. E. O'Mara, of Colby, Kans., Kizer COrder,
of Rexford, Kansas.
1888 CIV CYRUS ANDERSON, Register
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1890-09-25
S-2S-23-6W
NOTICE FORPUBLICATION.-2O, $50.
Land Office at Oberlin. Kans..

Aug. 18th, 1890.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his
claim, and that said proof will be made
before the judge of district court or in his alb
sence the clerk thereof, at Colby, Kansas, on
October 4, 1890. viz
PERRY D. TUBES,
II E No 1864 for the neA sec g. tip Is, range 35w.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon and cultiva-
ton of said land. viz: Johnson Parker. of
Quickville' Kan Frank. w. Ladd. of Colby,
Kansas, Oren Bailey, of Quickville, Kansas,
Frank +. Busey, of Mortified, Kan.
CYRUS ANDERSON, Register.
S-2S-lS6w
, 1890-05-07
SPARKS FROM THE WIRES.

At Buenos Ayres the premium on
gold is-il5i
Stanley went to Windsor castle to-day
by the queens command, and was given
audience by her majesty.
BENJAMIN McAlister, land commissions
of the Union Pacific died suddenly Mon
day night in Omaha, of heart failure.
Yesterdays temperature-New York
&C., New Orleans .660. st. Louis Ale. Gin
cinnati 42'. Chicago SO. Winnipeg 800.
Seven more New York shops yesterday
gave in to the striking carpenters. Only
four large firms and a lew small ones are
still holding out.
About one hundred employees OF An,
drews & Co., OF Chicago, manufacturers
of desks and office fittings, struck yester-
day for an advance in wages.
Friends OF Washington Quiulan OF
New York are unable to find him. On
the stock exchange LOO shares were yes.
terday brought in for his account. 1t is
believed all his outstanding contracts have
been closed.
The will of the late George S. PfeAer,
of Philadelphia. president of the Acld-
envy of Fine Arts, was probated yester'
day. 1t disposes of an estate of about
81 000, 200. OF which 81. OCT, 600 is d.
vided among public institutions.
, 1890-05-07

In County Carlow, Ireland, an ag-
grieved member of a certain congrega-
ton, declining to accept his parsons as
surance that he was not one of a set of
miserable sinners rather pointedly re
ferred TO in the Sunday chci-
lenged his vicar to personal combat, and
offered him his choice of weapons. The
challenge was accepted, the clergyman
declining, however, to use such secular
arms as swords or pistols, but expressing
his willingness to try a novel kind of
ammunition. e., raw ~potatoes-to be
used as missiles, the bigger the better.
The morning on which the novel duel
commenced was as raw as the potatoes,
which lay in a heap by the side of each
combatant. The potatoes were to be
thrown alternately. The challenger COM
menced, and missed. The clergyman,
aiming calmly and scientifically, raised
with his first shot a bump upon his OPP
ponent's forehead almost as large as the
missile which caused it. The layman
promptly lost his temper, and aimed
wildly and recklessly, hitting the seconds
and missing the vicar with great regu-
larity. The vicar, feeling that he could
afford to be m~agnanimOus, put down his
potato, advanced to his aggrieved par
%ishioner, held out his hand, and said:
Come, Mr.. OR, l think we're a couple
of idiots. Let us shake hands and be
friends, and utilize these vegetables for
a more peaceful purpose at dinner to-
night. Leeds Mercury.
, 1890-05-07

HELENA, Mont, May 6.-Despite the
appreciation in the price of silver the
Helena & Livingstone Smelling company,
located at East Helena. have, after re-
peatedly reducing their output, finally
closed down. How long the cessation OF
operations will last docs o seem easy to
determine from the reason that this de-
ponds on circumstances over which the
company has little if any control. The
cause Of suspension is likewise somewhat
difficult to get at. The Great Falls
smelter has also closed down. There is a
hat the closing down of these two
is a preliminary step t. a combination be-
tween them. From what can be learned
the chief factor in closing down is the ex-
horbitant freight rates on ore to this point
as compared with rates to Omaha and
other eastern smelier points Besides,
agents for the Omaha smelter have gone
through the country and by virtue OF
cheaper labor, cheaper fuel and cheaper
freight rates, have been able to underbid
these smelters.