davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1890-12-11
CHINESE LABOR.

MI. w. >. Lauu, tne wealthy
Portland banker and capitalist, In
testifying before the congressional
committee on immigration, which
took testimony recently in this city,
expressed his opposition to the ex-
isting exclusion net. Mr.. Ladd
thought that the lower classes
should be shut out, but that the
thrifty and industrious Chinese
should be permitted to enter the
United States as in days gone by.
Yet he employs white labor about
his home and in his bank, because,
presumably, he finds 1t more satis-
factory.
Mr.. Ladd needs Chinese labor to
clear his large land holdings, which
can not be prof tably done by white
labor under contract. He has
cleared u number of large farms in
the past with the aid of coolle labor,
which he considers preferable to
Hungarians and Italians. But Is
there any need of having either of
these Objectionable classes? We
think not.
Mr.. Ladd thinks that had II not
been for Chinese labor q great deal
Of productive land in the Northwest
would still be covered with the
primeval forest. That is probably
true; but the fact remains that most
of the land so cleared IL In large
holdings, whereas nearly every acre
cleared by white labor Is in small
tracts, or was before it was bought
by the adjacent large holders. II
Chinese labor were out of the coun-
try there would be less inducement
to capitalists like Mr.. Ladd to buy
up great tracts of forest land and
clear 1t of timber, for the rea-
son that the work can not be profit
ably done by white labor under con =
tract. AT the same time the thrift
ty German, Dane, Norwegian or
Scotchman can take a quarter Sec
tion of that land aud maintain his
family In comfort and eventually
remove the timber. He can proceed
by methods which can not be em-
ployed by the contractor. The first
year he can slash and burn the un-
derbrusli, and sow timothy seed in
the ashes. The next spring he has
excellent pasturnge for his stock.
At the same time he can girdle and
kill the big trees, and when that Is
done can burn the dead trees and
roots, which are full of pitch and
burn readily. At odd intervals he
can get work in the harvest fields,
the logging camps, or at fishing for
salmon. At the end of four or five
years he has fine farm carved out
of the forest, valuable collection of
stock, q comfortable home, and per-
haps money in bank. That Is if he
be thrifty, temperate and indus
trious. Otherwise he will probably
have hard time among the big
trees and stumps.
But these methods are impossible
to the contractor, who must have
cheap labor in order to clear the
land at once.
The presence of Chinese tends to
the encouragement of large land
holdings, and to the discouragement
of the small home-seekers. There
can be no doubt about this,
Mr.. Ladd testified that twenty
years ago he hired Chinese for Az
cents per day. At present he pays
ST.. 10, quite as much or more than
is paid for unskiiled white labor in
the Eastern states.
, 1890-12-11
THE EARLY POSTAL SER.
VICE

A Hope, Idaho, reader Of the RE-
VIEW asks "if there was not at any
time q postage of 10 cents ON letters,
such letters as now require 2cents);
also If postage in 1851 was not
charged in proportion to the dis
tance the letter was carried"
In 1892 the following rates ofpost-
age were fixed: For 80 miles and
under, 8 cents; over 30 and not ex-
ceeding 90, cents; between 80 and
100 miles, 10 cents; between 100 and
$50 miles, IL cents; between 100 and
200 miles, 10 cents; between 200 and
$50 miles, II cents, between $50 and
$50 miles, 20 cents; between $50 and
45O miles, % cents; over 45O miles,
% cents. These rates, according to
Johnson's encyclopedias, were in ef-
feet, with few notifications, ''for
more than fifty years." but whether
they continued as late as 1851, or
whether the rate was graduated to
tho distance at that late date we are
unable to state positively, but think
the universal rate for all distances
went into effect after that date.
Although these figures seem out
rageously high in the light of the
existing 2-cent rate, they were mod
crate in comparison with those
charged for the carriage of mails to
the Pacific coast i'm early days
The price charged by the overland
pony express, we believe, was $50
per ounce. In those days business
men in California wrote their letters
upon the thinnest of tissue paper.
Nothing more forcibly illustrates
the remarkable growth of the
American nation than the develop
ment Of the postal service since the
days of Benjamin Franklin, the
first postmaster general. In colonial
times, when franklin was post
master at Philadelphia, the news
paper publisher who was fortunate
enough to get control of the mail
bags was in high fortune, because his
journal passed free through the
mails, and he had the privilege OF
excluding the opposition sheets.
Franklin was the first postmaster to
give equal privileges to all pub
fishers.
We are wont to congratulate our
selves upon the gigantic develop
inert of our postal system, and well
we may. AT the same time the ten
dency toward nominal postage is
largely responsible for the loss of the
art of letter-writing. In colonial
days, and in the early years of the
republic, ready money was hardly
SO plentiful as we find it to-day, and
our thrifty forefathers hesitated a
while before spending sixpence or a
shilling for postage. AS a conse-
quence there was less letter-writing,
but much of the correspondence of
the thoughtful men and women OF
those days possessed literary merit
equal to the novels and other publ
cations of the present day. Letters
then were longer aud more thought
full than those of to-day, for the SIM
pie rearon that whereas man in
active professional or business life at
the present time must write ten,
twenty or fifty letters daily, the cit
izens of the earlier periods of the re-
public often took a week or two to
round out and polish single COM
uuicatiop
, 1890-12-11
THE SCO7'CH IN AMERICA,

America Is not a jealous queen,
OF her adopted sons and daughters
she exacts obedience and observan CO
of the laws. Beyond that their
fancy may take the wings of morn
ing and bear them back to the land
of their birth.
It's III to break the bonds that God decreed
to bind
still will We be the children OF the heath er
and the wind.
Though far away from home, it's still for
| you aud me
The broom is blowing bonnie in the North
countrie,
The Scotch are excellent citizens
none better. Thrifty, industrious,
patriotic, intelligent and kindly,
they quickly adjust themselves to
the free life of the Union, and soon
learn to love the land of their adop-
tion with devotion unquestioned,
but which can not still their pas
sionate alteration for the land of
their birth.
Wakeman, in his delightful let
ters to the Sunday REVIEW, has
given us clearer insight into the
Scotch character. He has tramped
through the green lowlands and has
climbed the loftiest mountains and
he has made it quite clear why the
Scottish people are found the world
over. They have been driven from
the homes of their ancestors by the
/ l.lf nx,ito al n, t1.h thn
breaking heart of the Irish people
is crying out with u pathos that has
stirred the whole world. The
mountains and their valleys have
been made the haunt of the red deer,
and in the brooks aud lakes
the trout again leaps rs freely as In
those hnlcyon days of which scott
has, written so sweetly; hut the
brave Highlander no longer owns
the land. 1t has passed to the
English aristocrats, who have driven
out the Scotch people and made OF
their native land q hunting park.
One of these vast preserves, described
by Wakeman, extends entirely
uttorS ttlC hihBAioiii VI h7NON-
land. The British have found IL
more agreeable to look to the broad
plantations OF the new world for
their raw products, and to make OF
their limited domains vast resort
of pleasure, and that Is why the
Scotch people are among lis to-day.
Scotland has held her manufac-
tories much better than Ireland.
She has had "a powerful friend at
court in the person of Gladstone,
who has disestablished the church
and rewritten the land laws, but
not until the evil had been wrought
and his people had been driven by
the hand of oppression from the
home of their ancestors.
1t takes the mighty heart of Scot
land to sympathi2e with the woes Of
Ireland. Her voice In parliament is
ever with the oppressed of that
island. 1t was from Ireland that
the torch of Christianity was borne,
along with the bones of st. Andrew.
Then all were Celts, but the influx
of Teutonic elements has radically
changed the Picts Of old, and in
their stead we find the Scotchmen
of to-day, with all the poetry and
love of freedom of the Celt, along
with the more stolid characteristics
of the Teuton; less given to impulse,
but more fixed and determined, and
| with DrOf,under leDths but less
volubiity.
We are glad that the Scotchman
Is with US. There is room here for
the whole nation, and broader
field of energy and enterprise.
, 1890-12-11

The fact that Father Jute was permit
ted 20 enter the camp of the host les ana
return unharmed speaks q whole vol
ume for the record of the Catholic
church among the Indians. When the
Catholic priests can do nothing with
tribe of Indians. they are a pretty vicious
and degraded LOT
, 1890-12-11

SENATOR STANroRD's wild money-loan-
ing scheme is identical with the crazy
system of finance that plunged the
Argentine Republic and nine-tenths oil
its people into bankruptcy. Lot us see
Mr.. Stanley proposes loan OF $lOO'ooo'
oOo. Now the senator must DO worm
nearly that much. Why doesn't he
start out loaning his money at per
cont2 Or oven at four?
, 1890-12-11

This difference is not the creation
of new conditions. II is inherent.
The earliest explorers and adven-
turcrs who found their way into the
wide West soon learned the differ
ent characteristics of these tribes,
and whereas they had to watch and
fight their way through the Dalotas
and part Of Montana, they found
only kindness and aid when they
encamped upon the streams running
into the Pacific.
The government must adopt an
intelligent, flexible policy, adapted
to- the radically different character
istlcs of the different tribes. 1t Is
learning that lesson by dear expcr-
ience. 1t can never hope to,create
anew the temper of lawless, lazy
bands. The trouble viii continue
for many years, perhaps for genera
tions; and in the meantime the
policy of the Indian bureau will
have to be nicely adjusted TO vary
ing conditions. No iron-bound pol
icy can hasten the solution.
, 1890-12-11
THE INDIANS.

Senator Voorhees, falls into COM
mon error Of supposing that all In
dians are alike, and that all nave
been abused aud are therefore OBJ
jects of the tenderest solicitude ana
commiseration. This Is the view
of one extremist. Upon the other
hand we find another class who re-
gard the Indians with sentiments
of detestation, and who, had they
their way, would Immediately be-
gin pitiless war of extermination'
Between these two classes the In
dian policy of the government Is
pretty thoroughly damned, alter
nately coming in for accusations OF
inhumanity and maudlin senti-
mentallsm, and both alike untrue
and unjust. =.
Many of the tri hes now In revolt
were always cruel, treacherous ana
bloodthirsty. The first whites TO
penetrate the upper valley oil tine
Missouri river found them so, and
they huve retained those character
istics. Long before the whites came
into that country these warllke and
predatory tribes terrorzed the peace
full bands of the southern and
western sections of the Missouri
and Mississippi valleys. Their mur-
derous, thieving raids extended over
the summit of the Rocky mountains
to the Pacific slope tribes, who were
in constant terror for their lives
and property, and who frequently
were left at the beginning OF "A
severe winter without food or
ponies, and with wounded warriors
upon their hands.
If these Indians are now in revolt
because they are suffering for food
and adequate shelter they have only
themselves to blame. Their idle,
vicious habits have long perpIeXed
the government, They are sup
ported i'm idlcness to the verge oil
utter incapacity, drawing rations
and blankets from the agencies, and
trading them for whisky, gew-gaws
and implements of war. 1t tn,
government maintains them in
comfort they are deprived of even
the faintest incentive to individual
effort, and again If IL limits thcli
supplies to the bounds of reason the
vicious vagabonds find themselves
destitute and desperate in the winter
season. Long support by the gov
ernment has made them insolent
and aggressive for more. The result
is seen in the recent outbreak. Very
likely these evils have been ag.
gravated by the dishonest practices
of SOME of the agents, but that Is
only an adjunct to the real difficulty
the vicious, idle disposition of the
Indians themselves.
We have no such difficulties with
the self-supporting Indians sur
rounding Spokane Falls. They are
not suffering for food, and pay nc
heed to the Messiah craze. Neither
does the government dole out rations
aud blankets to them year after
year. a scattered band of upper
Spokanes, who find themselves
without II reservation or an abiding
place, make some complaints Of In
justice, and they are we'll founded
because the government does moth
ing for them, but the other tribes arc
prosperous and well disposed toward
the whites.
, 1890-12-11
METAL QUOTATIONS.

BAR silver-New York, sLo3is.
Bar siiver-London, d1l4d.
Copper-Wcak Lake. December. flo.'o
Lead--Heavy; domestic, N.25.
Tin-Unsettled; straits, Sl.4O,
=. ...,.r -. a.. .,,, prr 4, ssua
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-10-29
THE UNION PACIFIC.

The Great North and South Line Will
Build to the Gulf.
The Denver Republican IN an editorial
on the subject of the Fort Worth and
Denver, or rather the Union Pacific, ex-
tending from Fort Worth to the Gulf of
Mexico, says that the report is probably
premature; hut that II is highly probabl
that in course of time the system will be
largely extended in Texas, and that one
of the first extensions will undoubtedly
be from the present terminus 10 Calves
ton Continuing the Republican says:
''Tbe Union Pacific is our chief con-
nection with the Northwest, the country
in which Denver must look for a large
part of the trade that it will ACQUIRE
through the building of deep harbor on
the Texas coast. Denver will be the
distributing point for very great deal
of the Rocky Mountain business which
will come by way of The gulf In order
TO insure the proper development of that
trade, il is necessary in the first place
that we have good connection with the
gulf. 1t would be well for Denver If
there were as many lines connecting IL
with the Gulf of Mexico as it now has
connecting It with the Missouri river and
the country beyond.
. In the second place, we need good con-
nection W III points in the country to be
supplied from this city. BY completing
its system TO the Gulf of Mexico the
Union Pacific wcu q become Contributor
TO Deuver's greatness, both by bringing
{ he traffic from the gulf to the city and
by then distributing II in the Northwest.
Denver is now the most important city
near the center of the Onion Pacific sys-
TEN. Its position in this particular
would be strengthened by the develop
ment of the Union Pacific tween this
place and the gulf. 1t has often been
asserted that the general offices of the
Union Pacific ought to be removed to
Denver. The wisdom of such transfer
would be made very much more apparent
by the building of d great branch of the
Union Pacific system toward the South
east -
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-10-29

By President Ingalls, of the s'Big Four
and President Marvel of the Atchison,
and it is said they will continue their
Journey southwark. The same authority
states that they will meet Gould and
Huntington at St. Louis, and that the
journey is undertaken with the view of
harmonizing Vanderbilt, Gould, Atchi-
son and Huntington interests.
more probable theory Is that they
will meet Huntington and him only. and
that new and cannecting line through
Texas via the Missouri, Kansas and
Texas to deep water and act oss the con-
tiueut via the Southern Pacific will be
the result. The well-known intimate
relations between the Vanderblts,
Standard Oil people ana the Missouri,
Kansas and Texas seems 10 justify this
conclusion. This would make xas
thoroughfare for large proportion of
the Transcoptinental business. The
scheme is not entirely new. 1t has been
discussed before. The construction of a
short road from St. Louis to Boonville,
Mo-, would make this an independent
line TO the gulf and the Pacific.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-10-29


CHICAGO, ILL.,, Oct. PA meeting of
the managers of the Southwestern Mis-
souri, river lines, adjourned from October
/, was held at Chairman Walkers office
to-day to give further consideration to
the question of the division of COMPETE
tive traffic. Contrary to expectation, it
was harmonious meeting and resulted
in an extension of the time originally al
lotted for the experiment. 1t was unan-
imously agreed By the managers to ex-
tend the time one month, making De-
cembrr the earliest date at which notice
of withdrawal can be given, thus making
the agreement binding on all roads until
December 81. While IL is admitted that
the arrangements for the division of
traffic have not proved eminsutly salts
factory thus far. it seems that all the
roads interested have faith enough In
the experiment to give it further trial.
No attempt was made to agree upon a
basis of percentages to govern the dlvis-
ion of business, that matter being left to
board rs heretofore. During the dis
cussion Of the rate situation as affected
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-10-29
TIE RAILROADS
Railroad Ruilding and Prospects on
the Dark continent.
Union Pacific Extensions in Texas Discussed
a Big scheme OF Railroad Magnates.
General and Local Railroad News.

Yesterday GAZETTE reporter met Mr.
j. NJ. Reed of Pilot Point, this state, q
Young civil engineer, who has for the
last four years been railroading in South
west Africa, and from whom an interest
Ing account of railroad construction 10
The Ozark Continent" was obtained
Mr.. Reed left Texas In May 1856 aud
went 10 Birmingham, Ala, where he
made arrangements to take service with
The Royal Trans-African railway,
FortugeSe corporation, which was then
about to begin the construction Of line
OF railroad across the African continent
from ST. Paul de Leouda, about l200
niles north of Capetown, on the South
west coast OF Africa, to some point in the
colony of Mozam bique, on the coast of
tne lndian ocean, Southeast Africa.
MT. Reed embarked at Bruins wick, Ga. ,
Oh sailing vessel in September, 1886,
ahd, after voyage of los days, reached
Loahda, where the work of surveying the
Hne OF the proposed road had just begun
aud where he al once entered the service
Vi the Royal Trans African company.
This company, said Mr.. Reed sis
engage, n building this road under the
patronage of the Portuguese govern
meHt. which guarantees . per cent. on
Tue amount of money invested by the
company -
How much will it cost to build this
roaaf' asked the reporter.
As far as the work has progressed
Tue cost has been at the rate of S23 900
yer kuometer, or tive-eighths of mile.
haoor is cheap IN Africa, but very uure-
.aoie. There are four classes used on
I y. work, and may be classed as.
.Hst' which consists OF natives who live
N The coast towns. and which is the best
~ oe had there; second. an intermediate
s,tsSs, consisting of natives who are mid
Vie Wag between the first class aud the
"hd natives; third, the Wild natives,
auu fourth, convict labor sent TO the
Tno'ohy, which is penal one, by the
Hortuguese government.
AS stated, this road is being built
the Royal Traus-Afrlcan company.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-10-29
General and Personal.

! W. A. Tuley, travelling passenger
agent of the Santa Fe, was in the city
! yesterday.
| To-day the Missouri, Kansas and Texas
| off cials will inspect the extension of the
| system from Denison to Sherman.
]. A. Hendry, travelling auditor of the
Santa Fe, came in yesterday and last
night took in the Last Days of Pompeii.
General Manager s. F. Judy of the
Pecos Valley line has moved his family
to Eddy, N. M, and will make that
place his future home.
General Passenger Agent E. LaBaume
of the St. Louis, Arkansas and Texas
Cotton BelD was among the railroad
officials in the city yesterday.
General Freight Agent A. s. Dodge
and Assistant General Freight Agent J.
A. Smith, of the Missouri, Kansas and
Texas, arrived from the south yesterday
and spent the day in the city.
r. NJ. Carter. travelling passenger
agent of the Cotton Belt, is back in the
city, having gone ths round trip from
Fort Worth to Atlanta, Ga. with the
Fencibles. He says he took good care of
the boys and kept them out of trouble as
far as possible.
Col. John P. Moore, general live stock
agent of the Texas and Pacific, who had
charge of the city officials on their visit
to the Dallas fair, brought them all back
safe, and states that he had but little
trouble in keeping them herded while
they were on a strange range.
The winter tourist rate she-t of the
Central traffic association will be pub
lished November 10, The rates will in
all cases be so per cent. of the double
local rate north of the Ohio, and four
cents a mile south, on round trip tickets.
The numerical strength OF the different
railroad organizations Is estimated as
follows: Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers. 20, 600; Brotherhood of Loco
motive Firemen. Is. 600; Brotherhood of
Railroad Trainmen, Is 600; Switchmen's
Mutual Aid Association, 5000; Brother
hood OF Railroad Conductors, 1000.
Railroad construction in Colorado is
seriously hindered at present on account
of the scarcity of laborers in that part of
the country. The Denver aud Rio
Grande railroad seems to lie more unfor-
tunate ir this respect than the other
roads in the state. This company now
has several branches under construction,
amounting in all TO 315 miles, besides a
large tunnel through Tennessee Pass, to-
gether with large amount OF other
work, all OF which is almost at a stand
still for want of laborers.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-10-29

CHICAGO, ILL.,, Oct. 2s.-No conclus-
ion was reached by the livestock COM
mittee of the Western roads at the meet
ing to-day in relation to equalizng rates
on live hogs and packing house products.
After the discussion OF the matter It was
decided that the general meeting of the
Western freight association should be
called for October 30 to consider the
matter. 1t Is understood the association
has given notice of Its intention to reduce
the rate on live hogs to eighteen cents
from the present rate OF twenty five
cents. This former Is the present rate on
packing house products. The proposed
equalization Is in accordance with the
recent decision of the interstate COM
merce com mlssion.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1890-10-29
Gone to tn. Br,ce. Thoma. peop,e.

CHICAGO, ILL.,. Oct. 2s.-An evening
paper publishes a sensational dispatch
from Cincinnati, which says that among
the many rumors floating round is one
that some of the stock of the Baltimore
and Ohio Southwestern has fallen into
the hands of the Brice- Thongs people,
and that the latter are making strenuous
efforts to secure enough of the stock to
give controlling Interest in the lines,
with view of consolidating it with East
Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia system.
1t claims that some of the stock holders
of the Baltimore aud Ohio Southwestern
favors the scheme, but the majority are
opposed. and are taking steps 10 prevent
its contamination.