Tombstone epitaph., 1890-07-12
MIGRATION OF ANIMALS.
Wonderful Instinct They Display
 tn Their Journey ings.
Quadrupeds Are Not Regular In Their MigraLIOns as Arc Fishes, Birds and Inseots-Curious Habits of Birds
 in Flight.

another, in search of a climate or dis trict congenial to their habits, forms one of the most remarkable phenomena in natural history.
 Migration takes place with quadru- peds, fishes, birds and insects, writes Prof. S. M. Wayland, in the New York Ledger. As to the first, it does not ap- pear that any of them migrate period ically and regularly, like many species of fish and birds, for which a sufficient reason may be found in the almost un- interrupted passage which air and water permit, whilst the land offers many ir- pediments to change of place. Yet some quadrupeds are suddenly seized by the desire of migration. The lemming rat, which is found in the northern part of Europe, migrates at irregular periods when severe winter is approaching in incredible numbers, and always in straight line, stopping not for rivers or lakes. Some other quadrupeds, also, occasionally move in large numbers, and for considerable distances; but these ex- petitions do net take place at regular periods, and seem to be owing to acci- dental causes. .
 Some fishes move into warmer situa- tions during winter; thus the salmon leaves the rivers and shores, on the ap- proach of winter, to seek the warmer waters of the deep sea. Other fish do the same. The cod-f1sh move in great numbers About the month of May from the northern seas towards Newfound- land. The shoals of herrings which periodically traverse the ocean are in- numerable. The same is the case with the mackerel, pilchard, anchovy, etc. That insects migrate is we'll known-for instance, locusts, ants, etc.-and move with surprising obstinacy in a given di- rection.
 The animals, however, with whose migrations man is most familiar and which appear to migrate most regularly, are some species of birds. The facts which are known relative to this point are very curious and afford a vast field for interesting observation. Some birds regularly return after certain absence, not only to the same country, but to the same spot where they built their nests before, or where they were bred. Many storks, which become half tame in Ger many, have been marked and found to return regularly to their old nests, built on wheel which the peasants of that country, particularly in the north, place for that purpose on the corner Of the roofs of their houses. The same is re- lated of swallows and other birds of pas sage. Other birds do not return to . particular country, but travel according to circumstances from one to another. - II unSOrs,- nd other people living much in the open air, know that certain birds do not migrate except on the ap- proach of a severe witer. How are these birds led to migrate at such sea- sons? The general and easy answer is, by instinct. But what is instinct? Ger tainly we can not mean, by this term, constant direct interpretation of Provi- dence, which drives the birds away be- cause a severe winter is coming on. h. stinct, whatever it may be, must be guided by general laws. Iii what way, however, the birds are led to guard against the severity of the approaching season, whether by peculiar sensibility to the causes from which it's severity will proceed, or in other ways, we know not. It has been maintained that much of the conduct of animals necessarily implies reflection. The vicissitudes of the atmosphere, on the arrival of the huence upon them.
 Most birds perform their migration during the night; some species, how ever, by day. Others stop not, either by day or night. To the class which fly by day belong the birds of prey which obtain their food by day-the crow, pie, titmouse, wren, woodpecker, chaffinch, goldfnch, lark, swallow and some others Those which travel by night are the owl, blackbird, etc., and great number of aquatic birds. Those which stop not, day or night, are the heron, wag- tail, yellow-hammer, plover, stork, crane, wild goose, swan. It is very re- markable that individuals of those spe- cies which travel day and night, and which, by some cause, are prevented from migrating, remain, during all the time of the migration of their species, awake, and only occupy themselves with taking food. These birds like par ticularly to travel in bright moonlight.
 Of all migrating birds the cranes are perhaps the most remarkable. They seem to be the most endowed with fore sight. They call each other by cer- tain cries several days before they de- part, assemble and make great noise, as if consulting; after which they range themselves in two lines, forming an angle, at the vertex of which is the leader, who appears to exercise author ity and give orders, for instance, to form circle in tempest, or to be watchful if eagles approach, etc.; he also gives the sign to descend and take food. If he is tired he places himself at the end of the line, and the bird next behind him takes his place. They utter during the night more piercing cries than during the day, and it seems as if orders and answers were given. Wild geese and ducks travel in a similar way
 A Good Temperance Story.
 John B. Cough used to tell the fol- lowing story, though the joke was at his own expense. Once, while on lectur- ing tour through England, he was in- troduced to small village audience in