davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1890-01-27
GEN. De FoNsEcA DYING.
The Leading Spirit of the brazilian Reyo-
luton Ending His Career

LONDON, Jan 2I.-Advices from Monte.
yideo under date of Dec 81 assert that Gen
DE Fonseca, the head of the provisional gov.
eminent Of Brazil, is dying from angina
pectoris In n hotel in suburb of Rio de
Jaueiro
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1890-01-27
Civil Marriages i'm Brazil.

Rio DE JANErRo, Jan. W--A decree has
been issued by the provisional government
establishing the validity of civil marriages
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1890-01-27
struck Petroleum An New Yor

JoHNsTowN, N. Y, Jan. 27.-Petroleum
has been strucl- here at a depth of 915 feet.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1890-01-27

Out west they cal whisky coffin var
nish
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13
Speak Kindly.

A young lady had gone out walking.
She forgot to take her purse with her
and had no money in her pocket. Pres
emily she met little girl with a basket
on her arm.
Please, miss, win you buy some
thing from my basket?" said the little
girl showing a variety of book marks,
watch cases, needle books, etc.
'1'm sorry can't buy anything to-
day" said the young lady. Il haven't
any money with me. Your things
look very pretty" She stopped mo-
ment and spoke few kind words to
the little girl; and then as she passed
she said again: I'm very sorry |
can't buy anything from you today
ooh, Miss, said the little Girl,
you've done me as much good as if
you had. Most persons that meet say:
Get away with your but YOU have
spoken kindly and gently to me, and
feel heap better
That was considering the poor. -
How little it costs to do that! Let us
learn to speak kindly and gently to the
poor and suffering. Ii we have roth
ing else to give. let us at least give
them our sympathy. r Philadelphia
Presbyterian.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13

strike on the bell In the tower that
stands hundred yards away, Mr.
Ioilyer owns the clock and the appar-
atus. The two weights weigh forty
pounds. The clock is as bright now ~
when new. -
The Avery oak" Is an ancient tree
which stands on land now owned nv 7
W. Clark, Dedham, Mass. and wbera
once stood the house of Deacon Avery.
alter whose name the tree was called
1t IS much older than the town. which
IS 253 years old. 1t measures sixteen
feet in circumference near the bottom
OF the trunk. Its top has been much
twisted and torn by the storms of cent
uries, but the tree is still cherished as
proud specimen of the stately growth
OF It's Oh companions of the forest
Seventy dollars was offered for It to be
used for tinker IN building the frigata
Constitution, but refused by the owner
The tree IS imprinted upon the town
seal. II has been presented to the
Dedham Historical Society by Mr.
Clark.
Shaky Hill, two and half miles from
Cambridge City Ind, is one of the
natural curiosities Of that region. 1t
received its name over seventy wears
ago, when a pioneer erected his cabin
on the hill and began clearing. The
settler was so disturbed by the frequent
and often violent shaking of the earth
that he decided it was unsafe 10 live
there and removed to another spot. He
often stated that the shocks we're so
strong that the dishes in the cupboard
ratified. The rocking jar or shaking of
the hill would only occur at intervals
sometimes several months between
spells, and always the worst and most
violent in damp, heavy, wet weather.
The hill is still uninhabited and all
attempts to solve the mystery have
failed.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13

DENTISTRY

A rroRNFYs AND CouNSELLORs. nodgcvllle
~ Wis VIII practice u AN courts - the state
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13
MISSING LINKS.

lark the boundary ul tNo stA'cS'
.pTle counties and four towns.
ma oldest public house in England is
sven Stars at Manchester. 1t
XIV, y hsck TO the tine of Edward III
There is man in Schelevus, n. T.,
-.-t;nC rich from a dog lie owns a
$50 .n5 which he has Sold several times.
60 + al,yavs returns nome, no matter
INV far it is carried.
musical clock over one hundred
r. ma furnished twenty-four pieces
s,,,.i. for the entertainment Of the
. ~ Il the golden wedding anniycrs-
- Mr.. and Mrs. Jacob Schneider,
ctHeIertown, Pa.
Naw York womdn was walking
I'm the street when a block of wood
s s'', f7ou the sixth story of a high build
H. H. Il struck on her umbrella, knock
~ + from her hand. The shock also
~. ~ tbq lady down. She was not
bnrt neither was the umbrella.
I, switzerland there are /, 600 hotels
utts. have $4,000 beds and employ
~ nm servants. clerks, etc, Their ex-
,.ss are S.. 600. 900 and their receipts
100000. leayinga profit of 81 500 600
snnum. This is where some of our
American gold is planted each year.
cotton stalk walking stick, nearly
forr inches in diameter, is on exhibit
tioo al Montgomery, Ala. 1t was cut
from 4 cotton stalk grown on the plan
tstion Of ?. p. Gray, Esq, of Montgom-
erg County. which bore 1000 bolls of
cotton and grew to be twenty feet high.
Kingston horse, it is alleged, has
record Of having gone ninety miles
over country road in one day. Then
= baeame frightened at train of cars,
ran away, smashed the wagon to kind
limo wood, and came out of it all IL
comparatively fresh and healthy oondi-
ton,
According to an official Russian daily,
tbe Russian government will furnish
many of It's regiments shortly with re-
heating rifles, which for many years it
6qrsistentlv refused to introduce in any
part of its army While in Russia The
Shah ordered 10000 repeating rifles for
bis troops
To keep stamps from sticking to-
cr,her put a piece Of paraffined paper
such rs a grocer uses to cover lard
and butter against the gummed
side Then they can be carried about
crma.led with impunity; and when the
paper Is removed the stamps are still
gmned,
Locomotives in England are not sup
Piled with headlights or bells. Head
FIGHTS are not used because guards are
stationed along the road at intervals of
one mile, and no living thing is allowed
to 60 upon the track. Bells are I'M
necessary as there are no crossings at
track level
There is woman in Milwaukee who
is che mother Of nine children. Not
one Of them was named until it was
twelve years old. They were simply
called by their nicknames and their
numbers. zone, y Two etc. AS each
enc became twelve years old he chose
his own name and was baptized
Mrs J. W. Coughlin. of St. Paul,
while walking ON the railroad track,
was struck BY a rapidly moving train,
hurled into the air and over barbed
wire fence into a vacant lot. She was
not seriously hurt and after giving the
engineer a piece of her mind she
started out across the lot at rapid
gait
Ape.uiar industry has sprung up
near Albany since 1888; that Of supply
il-cm,aed stone for asphalt and mae
a1omflad roads. The quarry from
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.
county Oncers.

CoME early and be convinced that
g. g - Co.'s IS the best place to
buy your fall and winter dry goods
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13

RAnuArt Of Pennsylvania College N Dental
Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa Office over Guudry
Gray 80 : sfpre, Mineral Point wis
N1Uurs oNinE administered for the painlr-s ex-
traction Of Teeth
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13

DuYSlClAN AND SURGEON. -oace IN len
l ahhus block, un stairs Grst door 20 left Resi-.
denee arsi door vest from " g. Church Mineral
Point Wis
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13
tTTftRN ETS
NKHf ~FNNsttY. cuAs W. Nctraus
NrhNNLstN a NIcIIIANN.

4 TTuBNESS AND CoUNSFLoEs. unsrsl
Point Wisconsin OGce IN FIRST National
Bant building WI practice IN Bll state and O. \.
Courts 1ttv
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13
The Trjbitlie Direct0rU.
PHYSICIANS.


| PHYSICIAN & SURGEON -ofce over Mauger's
iewery store high Street Residence on Doty
street, north Ell Nm Freweek's Blacksmith shop
uaHs promptly responded -, day or night 2uf
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13

{ EOkGE II. LEGATE RELIEF CORPS, NO.
y I6 Regular meetings the first and third
Friday afternoons 81 each month. Visiting
members always welcome
MRs. CHAHL0rTA PRipEAux Pres.
ELLA VIVIAN, Secretary
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13

raIiman a Reilly,

I)INSiCi ms AND Si1RGEUNn Graduates o
bellevue Hospital Ne heal College nf New York
city Offices 10 Dr. Tallmsns building, four doors
shey fuilor3's dfug store, High street.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1890-02-13

>. II, VIVIAN. 81 p srsysaoss VIVIAN. 81. n.
vivian Il Son,
DHYSicEANS AND SURGEONS, Mineral Pt. Wis
| onice in Nlvian's Drug store
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

"And how much in the housekeeping,
Just today
six hundred, il you have not drawn
your check"
II wish you would take hat eleven out
N eve put another penny there
"why "' she asked, taking up the en-
broidery hat rested her from her pen. i
poured forth the tales coming down upon
the finale with a wrathful swoop OF
''What right had he
'Hem," replied Dot holding her pattern
10 h light, 81 suppose he thought IL a
little queer. And 81 wouldn't have made
him safe, you know, against S15."
'sQueer" l calculated, "what affair was
that of his? You and felous and q n
spirators, Dot! What right had he to put
an implication like that on us before q
crowd: Don't Won suppose his bank feels
able to maintain n messenger OF any kind,
that he could have slipped off quietly 20
the housekeeping TO inquire"
Dot aid a thread of silk against an
other TO he sure il matched.
That's what you ought To have made
him do" she quietly replied. /. L. IL.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
ST0RIES0FJ JESSE JAMES
Some More Tales Of The Celebrated
Bandit Of Missouri and the South.
A Man Who Knew Him Thinks He
Was Not So Black as He Was
Painted-New Light on
His Character.

From the Denver Republican.
"Jesse James, the Missouri bandit, pos
sessed many manly qualities feelingly
exclaimed Uncle Dick Henderson at the
Brunswick last evening. II knew him
well. He was turned into a Nemesis after
the Pinkertons threw that bomb through
the window Of the Samuels residence and
blew oil the arm of Jesse's mother. Ever
after that occurrence both Frank and
Jesse declared war To she knife on Pink
erton men. The killing If Jesse James
by Bob Ford was the cowardly work Of a
treacherous ungrateful fend. Bob wasn't
eating regular when Jesse ooh him To-
his home, gave him shelter and food and
treated him we'll. One day, when Jesse
was busting oil u picture and had his
head turned. Bob shot him from behind.
OF course you know that, but very few
people eve learned what picture Jesse
was busting of when he got his death
wound. IL was the large picture Of his
lear old, white-haired mother. whom he
loved dearly.
''ln one robbery at Blue Cut, when the
James gang went through a train. Jesse
led the way and relieved the passengers
Ut their valuablcs. He came TO one wo-
man in black who was sobbing bitterly.
Jessie stopped and inquired the cause of
her sorrow. As she handed him $40 i'm
~greenbacks she cried out convulsiyely:
1t Is all ! have ia tho world. My hus-
bands corpse is in the baggage car
Tears came into the eyes of the train
b Going into his pocket he re-
turned the so and added two crisp 500
bills To il, which he forced the widow Ia
accept. He never would rob "A cripple or
an old g~ray-haircd woman, either. He
once took an overcoat oil his own Jack in
the streets Of Liberty, Mo-, and gave IL to
a poor, shivering old man that had been
tsta. ...s ina. I.aAl L.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
DICKENS
tn. Trouble %. Had In Getting Nam.-
for his Hooks.

" ~" W.
Till he Dickens had fixed upon his
title, he could not get seriously To work,
says HormdiaR's Mdydthts. He was in
Genoa in lsii, and had "A Christmas story
to write. Tie had never. he said. So stag
gcrcd upon the threshold before. The
subject was there. but he had not found a
title for IL, nor the machinery tn work IL
with. "Sitting down one morning reese
lutte for work. though against the grain.
his hand being out u everything inyit-
ing To idleness, such a peal of chimes
arose from ths city as he found madden
ing All Genoa lay beneath him. n up
from II, with some sudden set of the wind,
came in one fell sound the clang and
clash of all its steeples, pouring into his
Ears again aud again. in a tuneless, graft
ing. descendant, %jarring. bidcous vibra
ton. that made his ideas spin round
and round till they lost themselves in a
whirl of vexation and giddiness and
dropped Town dead" A couple Of days
later lie wrote to Forster a letter Of one
sentence; 1--WE nave heard the chimes at
midnight Master shallow" A few days
later he writes again: at j. a great thing
to have my title aud see my way how Ia
work the bells. Let them clash pom me
now from all the churches and converts
II emo | see nothing but the old on
don belfry | have set them in. In my
minds eye, Hora,io." Thus il was al
ways with blcktllS when setting abpnt "a
new novel. Dependency, doubts. diff
%cnlties, u endless eNper menting, sug-
costing. sitting. rejecting of titles. Then.
of "A sudden, a title found, and he Was oil
ou the composition Of the book.
Never were the preliminary throes more
%proiracted than with David Copper
field" Toward the end of lsIs he Was
making holiday ~ Broadstairs. his mind
running on a subject. IL have not, he
writes from there,
"'>trn Fancy write
Win a pencil of hight
pn the bluttrr ~ Sllid commanding the SEA
but | shouldn't wonder IL she were tn do
il one of these days. Dim visions of divers
things are floating around me. | must go
Ia work head foremost when | get home"
Home he goes, yet gets no farther. In
February, isl9. he i in Brighton. "A
sea fog to-day, bat yesterday mex
prcssibly delicious. Ny mind running
like a high sea on names-npt satisfied
yet though February ~ he found titles
II some sort. to-wit: "Mag's Di-
versions, Being the Personal History of
Mr., Thomas Mag the Younger of Blun-
derstoue House Then came a series
of variations in the eNpository part OF the
title, Blunderstone house becoming Cop
periield house. Then came 1.-THE Per-
sonal History of David Copperiield the
Younger aud His Aunt Margaret" Fel-
ruaTy ~ he sent Forster a list of six
names. which may be found set out at
leugth-at great length-in the Lifr.
Forster and Dickens children finally de-
termined his choice among the six, and
the title once settled all Is plain sailing.
He went through this elaborate process
with most Of his titles. There were u
dozen tentative titles for Bleak House."
most If them beading OF with "rom.Ail-
was the same with "a Tale OF Two
n cities"
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

one that came under my own notice not
long ago. IL hard To beat. | had advcr-
tised for an employe with rather uncom-
mon attachments. ] had received many
and had examined many appli-
cants. but could find none 10 suit. Peo-
pie would come and take mp my time ex-
aiming them. who must nave known
that they did not I'LL the bill. but relied
upo my getting tired Of the chase Ant
taking them for lack Of somebody bet
ter, so that ! began to make my adver-
,isemen,s more < r,icit and therefore
more money. but il saved time. Finally,
after had advertised steadily for a week
or ten days in "a morning and IN an after
noon paper, ] received "A letter In my mail
from a rival manufacturer. which ran as
follows:
"'Dear Sir: ! see you have been adver-
Using for some time for just such an en-
ploye as ! want. As you must have re-
celved "A number Of replies, ] would con
slder u a great favor IL you would send
them To me after you are done with
them"
THAT instance certainly is hard To
beat, but ] can't let the opportunity pass"
aid a theatrical agent who was one of the
group, without getting oil NV stock anec-
dote ON the subject of Ii hap
pencd some "A ago that when we were
playing To a small house In a New Eng
land city n young fellow in the audience
fell down in a fit, just before The play he
gan. This created some commotion in
the house u the curtain vas not ring
M until the man had been removed
and carried oil To hospital.
l thought the occasion would bc IA
good one To get IA little free adj
vcrtising from. 81 ! went tn the hospital
next day TO see what had becom of the
man.. learned that the attack was AZ
oplsxy and had proved fatal. He was
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
Getting Particle. ou, OF IN. Eve.

A locomotive engineer tells the easiest
way to get particles out OF the eyes, thus:
"The greatest difficulty the young engi-
neer has 10 contend against is in getting
particles ~ sand and dust in his eyes.
When ! was firing | found this bad
enough, but the engineers eyes are more
exposed than the ilreman's as he has to
lean out of the cab more frequently, so as
To- get a good view ahead. IL is hard To
say what a man should do when his eye
has something in il. He cannot use his
greasy hands Ia rub il, and even IL he
did II would not help him. After trying "a
variety of plans | was recommended To
try aud keep my eye open. | did 50 aud
do yet. When you feel a particle OF
something Ina your eye just try u keep
IL open. The effort seems tO force out
the intruding particle and prevent iris
tation.
Funeral notice, Hsdtiu prtH,rj ~ ne
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
FAITH AND DUTY.

God made me: I will not apologize
The workmanship Is his; y hrm and fair,
The credit Of his strength ! do not share:
II IL he rudely reared. and men despise
Its quaint design, and deign To ~criticise,
make no mnrImur, for ! have mo care
question not the Builder, here nor there,
Relieving still that all His ways are wise,
This is the one sweet duty that ! claim:
To keep the palace chambers cool and pure
And lily chaste within. while they endure.
And all the many turret lights afiaIne;
To pour loves wine aud hid the world take
part,
Around the purple affairs II my heart.
-fhicuyo Tribune.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
Couldn't Fool Him.

From the thlcigo Tribune.
salesman ut music store Ia customer from Up
tlccre.kl-Noum give me a couple of dollars. YOU
say, for that 'old second hand Instrument My
stars, man. that's a >tradiyarius.
Customer what"
"a straliNarius, sir. n genuine StradiNarius."
"strid nothing! It's a fiddle, Reckon I
don't know u fiddle when ! see IL" III give You
Just So fur the larnesl old thing"
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
WHAT THE WITS SAY.
Toe VI uch for Him.

From the New York sun.
Sh.-Whatd do you think u Tolstoi's "krrulkcr
sonata"
lie vaguely Mcll-er-i haven't made NJ
my mind fully. What do yon think III II"
Sle-oh, II Is ~ dinlcult Ia understand 81
oNerlrawn-
lie Frightening That's just IL. You see, I
found u at Diiion's the other day, hut I didn't
buy il. for ! saw that II was altogether too DIM
cult fnr me Ia play.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
Encounter with Indians.

Frum The Lawrence american.
'ilow did old Hiowhari lose his eyes,
had M encounter with AN Indian, | he
lieNc."
"Why, I never knew that h. had been further
west tlln lullalo.'
'ilr hasn't tie ran iuto u cigar Sigu when he
was coming home from the club one night"
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

From MnnSry's WEEKLY;
Old Lady l. there anything you eau do in
the house n | give you u gno'l m,s,l2
Tramp Nr>, maTm, I ran lecture on Wagner
aud my friend here Kin give practical illnstra
tiuns un III. der pianny forte, ~ yer got Unr.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
His Teii-TaIe Eulogi.-.

From thu Chicago Times.
~. Peter Al the gate: "Nu liar >hall inherit
the kingdom ~ heaven
Minister Just arrived from carth'' Am 1,
then. a liaT:"
II. Peter Thidinglyls "lo you forget Your
MANY funeral uiatiuns"'
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

Men ~ culture does she deem rs?
With the air of one who knows.
shakespeare, kaTt and Uncle Iirmus
She discusses with her hcauN.
Suitors WOO her, duke and dandy,
And the cry is sin they come.
Though she's mostly nibhling candy.
When She isn't chewing gum.
Unaffected by the bushes
That hcset Onr English girls.
She can hold her own al brushes,
She is aflable with rarls.
Past description! Everlasting
Power Of metaphor or trole.
Though a husbands all she's asking
From the land she calls Europe.
ST.. jams sdz'N'.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
still Ground for Hope,

From the flicgrndr Halter.
"iht, clara, what could you have been think.
luz of To engage Yourself Ia such AN absent
minded man"''
II repent my work every minute, hut my hope
j. that when We get Ia the church he viii forget
and >iy M instead A. f yes"
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
III. Cruel Isroker-.

Irnn ~llarIrr's Haklr.
"Mussy mr, hat btIbnrou> thing tile brokers
arr'' Iuuth Nrs. >pricginS.
"Mhais dr mait"f uow"'
1T >ays here That they was pluckin' the lambs
ii all they was worth yesterday. Lord knows
~ hmi enough To shear the uuOr things"
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

From the Washington l'ost.
That's odd. said Jinks thoughluuly.
"MhaI -" asking Binks
THE numhrT three
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
4 supine Note,

4 supine Note.
Prom the Washington Post.
"Can you tell me- said the MAJ who
has nothing better Ia do. "why q note
with a fraudulent Endorsement might b."
described AS supine? -
mo"
because IL lies on It's back"
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
Waterproof Cake.

Prom iippinrutt>.
80, mamma; won't you please give rae
a piece Of that cake"
"Nn, my dear; IL will make you sick
81 don't want to eat IL; / ouly want to
make some sinkprs for my fish line.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15
ALL SORTS.

\ miss II ~ good as a mile,
4 kiss Is rs good as a smile:
But four painted kings
Are the beautiful things
Tia, are good for the other mans pile.
-Nfr IpIh Herald.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

Ted made Dolly tell me the things
she loved me for. Ned-Well? Ted
didn't really possess n single one Of them.
-EJorh.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

First Teacher find it difficult to get
through my work to-day. ! have some
thing in my eye.
Second Teacher lsympatheticallyI-a
refractory pupil, | supposedly Horca
Netrs.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

Teacher-What does the proverh say
about those who live in glass houses"
Small Boy-Pull down the blinds. -1srns
SiniHJs.
The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970, 1890-06-15

aurora. goddess Of the dawn,
Appears In all her rich adjoining
soon ~ the suulrsims gild the lawn
And Sol announces golden mornin-.
liui my Aurora, maiden fair,
Who every other maid s~urspass.,.
In lnIEr curls ZONES dow the siaiI
Al .. Ia frltiers AMI molaSSes.
-GtDbe ~ Hrs NIL