davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
ANIMALS ON THE FARM,
Know TO RAISE SHEEP cHEAPLY IN A
COLD CLIMATE.
"A Better Use for the Long and Heavy
wheat Straw of Dakota Than burning
Jt--Fat sheep and weightv Fleeces
Cotswolds and shrops hires.

Recent years have given emphasis TO
Che theory SO often propounded Of mixed
farming as necessity for North Dakota
farmers. Without doubt wheat must
and will continue to be the staple pro-
duct Of this section. There is little doubt
that sheep raising will prove an interest
ing and profitable auxiliary, climatic
conditions being so favorable dryness of
food and fleece being the principal factors
concerned in the health and robustness
of the animal Footrot, liverfluke,
'praxy' or acute enteriC inflammation
Ithe scourges the tlocks Of the Old World
Aock masters superinduced by running
on spongv soil, the consumption of slop-
nv grass coated with hoar frosO are here
practically unknown.
Every owner oe even a quarter section
can nicely winter from thirty TO fifty
ewes on the wheat straw which rises in
smoke from his fair fields in the fall. 1t
Is little short of crime that it should
rise SO when such astonishing results in
mutton and wool can be obtained in its
consumption by sheep, The nice little
flOclls which have been So wintered prove
this, some of them averaging eleven
pounds per fleece. "Sappier' crops of
lambs no one need wish to see, and no
losses except 10y accident, year-old weth-
ers being thick fat. The necessary shell
ter can be very cheaply provided by
1ean-to sheds. covered with little straw,
care being taken not to have them too
close, 50 that the danger of sCalding may
be obvlated. The return for heeces
comes at a very opportune time. They
can be cheaply summered by few own
ers joining together and sending them
to t highlands in the west. The
breeds likely to do best are the Cots
void and Shropshire these being gen
orally hardy and strong constitutional,
with feeces of a fine and close texture,
thereby resisting our keen prairie winds.
Park River IN. d. Witness.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
FARM, FIELD, GARDEN.
IN THE INTERESTS OF COUNTRY
AND SUBURBAN READERS.
Country Gentleman's Plan for Restoring
an Old Pasture without Flowing Up
the Ground-somc Directions for
Top Dressing.

Ground for pasture may be renewed
without blowing if the grass which GOV
ers it is thin in growth and does not
form close and compact turf Use
harrow with sharp teeth, and load it suf-
ficiently to tear and pulverize the sur
face. If necessary the narrowing may
be repeated several times until the sur
face presents fine, mellow bed of soil
to insure the growth of the grass seed,
which is next to be sown upon it. If the
soil happens to be rather dry pass a
roller over it, which will aid in covering
the grass seed by pressure, and at the
same time will firm the soil and render
more certain the growth of the grass.
For permanent pasture it is best to SOW
several kinds of grass, both for increasing
the product and affording a succession
of feed by ripening through the season.
The different kinds will also protect one
another in winter and in seasons Of
drouth.
4 permanent pasture cannot be eX-
pected to continue to afford full crops
without topSressing of manure or of
some fertilizer. If a good coat of barn
manure can be applied as a top dressing
before the narrowing mentioned is be
gun it will become pulverized and mixed
with the surface soil by the OPERATION,
causing the grass seed more certainly to
rcrminate and promote IA better growth
Of the crop In the absence of manure
any commercial fertilizer may be used
which has been found efficient on your
particular soil, and in making this ex-
pertinent it would be well to measure
the increase thus produced. and to see if
its value is equal to the cost of the fer
tillzer.
In making a permanent pasture the
fact must be borne in mind that it will
not continue without decrease unless
some addition is made to it by some kind
of en1iching substance TO supply the
waste caused by the constant removal of
the feed; but this decrease. varying with
4 difference in soils. can be determined
in amount only by making the expert
mcnt.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

In a paper upon Butter Making on
the Farm, read by Thomas Conway at
one of the Wisconsin farmers institutes,
occurred the following in regard to but
ter packages;
In preparing packages | prefer to
throw in salt and then scald, cover up
and the steam will mako it pickle tight
Use cold water to rinse and rub inside
with dry salt, Never put poor butter in
fancy packages, and when you can make
good butter you can very safely brand
it. In finishing top Of package use
dairy cloth on top Of butter then make
a paste of dairy salt and put it over
cloth. 1t will prevent top of butter from
getting overheated, and will also guard
against flavor of lid. Remember that
good butter must have perfect grain,
high, fresh flavor, desirable color and a
sufficient amount of best quality of
salt; that it must be put mp in clean,
bright packages Of best quality and of a
style the market demands.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
HE CHECK REIN.
DO Not Use Ie wien IN Is Unneces-

We are not going to wage indiscrimi
nate warfare againt the check rein, for
we know too well its usefulness gener.
ally, and, under certain circumstances,
its absolute necessity. but for the hun.
dredth time record our earnest protest
against its indiscriminate abuse. In
ninety cases out of a hundred those who
apply the side or over check to their
harness cannot give you any intelligent
reason for its use, further than that 1t
was with the harness when they bought
it. and it is fashionable to have it.
Every other horse you will meet with
on the streets Of city is either stand
ing hitched with his face turned up to
the hot sun, the flies swarming about
his eyes, mouth and ears with no power
to defend himself, or moving along in
perfect misery from his head being pulled
up to an unnatural position.
If drivers insist that their horse does
not travel well, or is in the habit of
stumbling, or is liable to kick if his head
is not refined MP would have the judg-
ment or sufficient supply of the milk
of human kindness to throw off the check
when they stop the cruelty and harm
would he greatly lessened, but very few
of them ever think so far, and nearly
every hour in the day one can find scores
of poor animals standing in the sun stlf-
fering all the tortures of the rack or pill
DRY while their master is within doors
enjoying himself. with no thought or
care for the welfare Of his mute and
faithful servant
Many owners and drivers of horses will
confess that their animals work better
and do better when allowed to carry the
head in a natural position, but they check
them for looks What mistaken idea.
All men admire high style if it is natural,
but when horses head is pulled higher
than his formation lustities he shows it
in every movement and instead of adding
to his beauty it greatly detractS from it
in the eyes of every man that is a judge
of form. Western Sportsman.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

While ShorthOrns stand today at the
head of all breeds as beef animals. vet
they possess dairy strains to an extent
with which 10 other beef breeds can be-
gin to compare. These strains should be
fostered and developed; therefore do not
lose sight Of the value of dairy strains
in tine breeding bull Ny model Of
a ehorthorn bull would he one that
weighs at maturity not less than 1900
pounds nor more than 1900 pounds, red
or roam in color; his nose nut brown or
copper culOrcl; hi- eve clear and bright;
hi, head we'll proportiOned. broad and
full between the eyes; his horns of medi-
nm length. strong and we'll set. curving
in and down rather than upward; the
neck in proportion to hi. bodv-not too
long nor too short: ii should be "A little
full midway between the horns and
top of shoulder and clean cut and
slightly ar"hed from the throat to the
breast, His front broad deep and full;
his shoulders set smoothly on his body.
his ann strong and well developed; his
legs wide apart. vet set well under his
body: strai -ht. clean cut and fine from
the knee TO tho hoof; from the top of the
Shout lcY t. ;rc root of his tail straight
and broad; wen filled behind the shout
drrS and from point of hip to root of
tell. and ~trou" across the loins. His
body good length and depth; his ribs
well sprung and closely coupled to the
hip: his lower line almost parallel with
hi, upper lMo; his hindquarter, broad
4. = l.,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

-
as OF excellent quahty' tender WIN niue
waste and the 1at evenly distributed oyer
the carcass Crossed win native STOCK
TINS breed makes moderately good cows
tor MIX or cheese
Inc Hereioras' WIN the 0horlhorh ana
poIIed 9cotchcattle' are rapidly hlllhS the
west with improved Deer cattle 10 Snch
an extent lnaU inc genuine IeAaS steer
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
An Insect Injurious to Corn.

Entomolo8ist Weed thus briefly sum
marizes the life history Of the destruc
tive white grub;
1t is the Young or larva of the com
mon May beetle or June bug. During
May and June these brown beetles de
post small whitish eggs about the roots
of grass. These eggs hatch into small
brown headed grubs that feed upon the
roots about them. They continue feed
ing for three seasons, when they are
fall grown. They then form an oval
cell in the soil and change to the pupa
state and soon after again change to adult
beetles. The change to the pupa and
beetle state sometimes occurs in the fall q,
so that the beetles may be turned up dur
ing late fall or early spring blowing, but
generally il does not occur until
spring, 1t breeds especially in grass
lands and often ruins pastures and mead
ows, while crops on sod land are very
frequently destroyed, The insect is one
of the most difficult pests to fight of its
class, but the experiments made for the
station in southern Ohio last summer
were convincing that by high cultiva-
ton and high fertilizing the ravages of
the white grub can be overcome.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
RAILWAY TIES.

The Russian government Is building
railroad inalmo,ta straight line from Mos
COW to Behring sea, which it Is expected
will be completed within five years.
Jay Cooke, who was once the financial
head of the Northern Pacific and whose
disastrous failure preciptated the panic of
1873 has accumulated another fortune.
During the first three months Of 1890
there we're exported from Scotland loco
motives of a total value of goo, 400. against
a quarterly average of 100000 in 1883, and
of 81 900 in ISIS
The popular belief that great speed is
attended with great danger is not con
firmed by the experience on English rail
ways. In 1881 100 1000 GOO passengers were
carried and only one fatal accident oc-
CURED.
\ block system apparatus was recently
exhibited when automatically rings "A bell
or blows a whistle in the cab of an engine
entering a block that is occupied 10y anoth-
err train. The noise continues until the
train ahead leaves the block.
Cars on the Jungflau railway have NOV
able flaps, which may be expanded until
they nearly touch the tunnel lining. In
this way the car becomes II kind of piston
Il
air acts as an automatic brake
The Baltimore and Ohio is using coke on
several engines hauling the fast trains be
tween Philadelphia and Washington. The
| only change made in the locomotive is to
increase the opening between the CRATE
| bars about 25 per cent. and to substitute a
variable for fixed exhaust.
\ remarkable invention has been made
| in Austria whereby the serious results
from railway collisions are prevented
| Glass tubes project before the train, and il
they are broken by an obstacle an electric
movement Is applied to the brakes, bring
| ing the train Immediately to a standstill.
In order TO expedite the delivery OF mails
| between the United States and Europe,
the postmaster general has proposed and
will endeavor to carry out, on the ships of
the Hamburg American and North Ger
man Lloyds lines a system of marine post
office service similar to that Of the railway
postottce service.
Statistics of the progress and prospect,
Of railway construction i'll the states south
| of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi
| river for 1890, show that s02 miles of track
have been laid since Jan. /, 1890 and 2sl-
| miles are in process of construction; 4 IS;
miles are located as under surveyal, and
7,45O miles projected, with fair prospects
of construction.
Grand Secretary 4. V, Debs, of the Loco
motive Firemen, estimates the numerical
strength of the different railroad organize
tons as follows; Brotherhood of Locomo
tive Engineers, 10000 Brotherhood of Lo
comotive Firemen, 1000; Brotherhood o
Railroad Trainmen, 10000; Switchmeni
Mutual Aid association, 6,00O; Brother
hood of Railroad Conductors 1000,
a new method for ventilating railwa!
carriages and preventing dust from enter
ing with the air has lately appeared il
France. The more quickly the train move
the more rapidly the apparc works
The air is made 60 traverse a receptacle
containing water, which cools it and re-
lieves it of dust, after which it goes through
an6ther altering before entering the car
riage.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
HORSE GOSSIP.
Notes from Track and stable About Noted
FLYERS and Drivers.

Notes from Track and stable About Noted
Flyers and Drivers.
The premiums for trottng horses at the
18th annual fair Of the White River Agri-
cultural society, at Bethel, September ~,
II and IS, are, for trottng stations, any
age, Sl5 and $40; trotting geldings or
Mares five years old and over, SIS and SO;
trotting geldngs or mares over three years
old and less than five SO and $40 The
trotting purses, No. /, SO open to horses
that have never beaten 40, divided S3I %,
$3.50, S11.2j, and $3.50. No 2, $50,
open to horses that have never beaten three
minutes, divided, $50, SIS, So and Sc.
No 3, 800, free for all horses, divided,
$50, $25, $50 and $40.
AT the first annual meeting of the Cen
trail Vermont Horse Breeders association,
at Sharon, Thursday, August 81, the fol-
lowing premiums and stakes are offered.
Premiums, brood mares, 81 and So suck
ing colts "a and 50; ycarling colts, 81 and
go two-Years old colts 81 and 81; match
ed horses $40 and So gents driving horses,
$40 and s.. Stakes, No /, $50, for all
stations; No. ., $50, for road stations;
No. 3, 500. $40 class; No. 4, SO, four
year-olds; No. s. $50, $50 class; No. 6,
Sl2, for three-years olds; No. Z, So for
two years-olds. PAGERS allowed in and Z.
Butler q Hickory Of Johnson, Vt, are
happy over tIte recent performance of their
trottng mare, Sarah Howard, for she
stopped the watch on a poor half-mile track
one day last week in 2;32 She is the Same
mare that lost twins last spring.
hefamous California mare Sunol made q
mile at Chicago Saturday in 2:i0t in an
effort to beat the four year-old record of
211I
Saturday afternoon at Charter Oak
| Park, with a strong wind in his face down
the back stretch, Saunders drove the black
geding Guy mile in 2.13t, last half in
| lsOj and the last quarter in 81 seconds.
In addition to the stakes already an
nounced, the Western Vermont Agrcultu-
raj society, Fairhaven, Vt, offer the fol
lowing purses 2.3S class, trotting, $3.50;
, 30 class trotting 500; 2:3O class pacing
800; 2:21 class, trotting $500, 300 class,
trotting 500
Salhe McClelland's winnings foot up
about $4,000
Robert Bonner has refused 3l25,ooo for
Maud s. and he could get more than that
for Sunol
Lucky Baldwin, the California turfman,
won his share of the big stakes at the Sar-
atoga races.
The defeat Of Tenny by Salvador in the
champion stakes at Monmouth park set
ties all doubt as to which is the better AM.
NAL.
The California turfmpn. J. =. HaQcn, is
worth between $3OJ000o and $1,000, GOO
He is 60 years of age and is a native Of
Kentucky.
Brown Wilkes. 9.2l2L. is one Of the best
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

FIG. IA HOMEMADE HARLOW.
for narrowing timothy or clover sod.
l use an Acme where ] want deep til
lage, but for all ordinary narrowing my
slant tooth has proven itself invaluable"
The tooth bars are made of 2x2 inch
pine, riveted with quarter inch rivet at
every tooth. The teeth are Of three
eighths inch steel about six inches long,
and driven in even with the wood on a
slant of forty degrees The harrow is
made in two sections. On top OF the
tooth bars, in the centre Of each section,
is 2x4 inch pine cleat or cross bar bolt
ed to each tooth bar near the front edge
of tooth bar. Near each end of the tooth
bars is a thin. hardwood cross bar
bolted to each tooth bar near the back
edge and on the under side Of the tooth
bars. This arrangement of boiling the
cross bars keeps the tooth bars from
twisting.
The sections are braced rs shown.
Both of them are hinged together by
bracCd frame made Of two 2x4 inch
sticks, with an inch oak board bolted
across the center and extending in front
to draw the harrow by. The frame aud
sections are fastened together by swivel
bolts Handles made from smooth fence
wire for lifting the harrow i'll trashy
ground are also shown. The seat Is from
an old Mccormick mower, ana Is what
/ il called the adjustable sliding seat. BY
sliding the seat to the right the driver
! can balance the harrow perfectly. The
/ teeth are placed seven and a half inches
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
Tho Shortage in steers.

Today we discover that the country is
absolutely destitute Of steer cattle of
suitable ages for feeders. The entire list
of corn growing states is steerless, out
side Of the feeding pens. The range
country has but few and the demand is
increasing daily. a visit to the feeding
yards throughout all the corn growing
states will develop the fact that ina very
large proportion of them both heifer and
steer yearlings are being grained for the
SHAMELESS. Why7 Not because they are
the most profitable. but because there is
nothing else 10 be had. This is the direct
result, Of the wholesale slaughter Of cows,
calves and yearltngs that has been going
on for three years in every part of the
United States, and the resulting shortage
will become more and more apparent for
the next three years. Growing out Of
this condition the price Of cattle on foot
must rapidly ;appreoiate from month to
month until there will come ver1table
boom in all GLASSES of beef animals. How
high prices will go and when the top will
be reached are questions no man can
answer. Montana Live Stock journal.
Prime carriage and heavy draft horses
are the ClassAs that mest with steady
sale in the cities, But never send I'M
( broken or unframed horses. City buyers
have no use for them.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

Oil meal fed literally to hogs keeps
their bowels open and keeps them
healthy, Western Agriculturist reports
a farmer in Iowa who lost fifteen hogs by
cholera, when he got some oil meal and
fed it freely and lost no more hogs. Oil
meal is good feed for any stock, and es-
pecially for hogs fed on corn until they
become feverish and constipated and an
easy prey to the cholera. Roots. and a
variety of food are desirable for hogs.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

1t ought not to be supposed that fowls
need no special care in summer, for in
this season the young are subject to many
diseases which older ones are able TO re-
sist. Besides this insects Of all kinds
abound at this time, of which the fowls
have their full share, and against such
they should have all the protection pos
sible Cleanliness in their surroundings
is the important thing, and the best pre-
ventivc not only of diseases but Of in
sects as we'll The hen house and roost-
ing places should not only be kept clean,
but should be made untenantaGle by
fowl verlnin by the use Of insecticides.
OF these kerosene is one of the very best,
and from its very low price it may be
used in the most liberal manner, either
pure or as an emulsion. If used to kill
lice on fowls themselves it should be
highly diluted and applied sparingly,
and on little chicks not at all. BY greas-
ing the older ones little with lard un-
der the wings and ON the head, and fur
nishing them with good place where
they can wallow and dust at will, they
will soon rid themselves of lice if their
runs and roosts are not infested,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

The decrease in Colorado, Wyoming
and Texas commenced four years ago,
but since then has been great, In 1886
Texas had 100000 more bovine num-
bers than it has today, and Colorado,
Wyoming and New Mexico had four
years ago about 100000 more than
they have now. In Kansas, Nebraska,
Iowa and the northwest there has been
a shrinkage of as many more, Hard
winters and low prices for beef have
brought this about.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
Printing Strawberries.

Strawberries planted in the early au-
tumn have the advantage over spring
planting in producing II fair crop the fol-
lowing season, whereas the berries from
a spring planting will I've few Paintings
in the fall. however, III cold attitudes,
must have mulch protection through
the winter. which should be raked off in
early SPRING The best soil is deep.
rather sandy loan, but fine crops are
raised on variety of soils if well
drained. On old and worn soils a large
application Of we'll rotted barnyard ma
nurc should be worked IN before the
planting Ii applied "A year beforehand
Ill the better. For gardens there are
two principal methods OF planting. One
Of beds four feet wide, carrying length
wise three rows o. plants set one foot
apart in the rows.
Parallel bcds should be separated by "a
walk two feet wide. Under this arrange
mcnt the fruit can be cultivated and
gathered from the walks without tramp
ing down the beds. Another method Is
to plant in rows two feet apart plants
twelve inches apart i'll the rows. Early
drawn plants are sometimes heeled III
for short time and partly shaded and
watcred. by which new roots are formed
and are transplantcd later to the beds on
davs when the soil is IN the most favor
able condition for their growth Fol
field culture the rows should be about
four feet apart. The settings SHOULD
always be plants of one season growth
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
Trixe Hereford Heirer.

The illustration shows our readers
what a fat prize Hereford heifer is like.
The animal here exhibited won first prize
al a royal agricultural show in England
The Hereiords are the beef cattle Of
Hereford county IN England. The blood
has long been known in this country,
having been scattered abroad enough in
the past seventy-fve years to present red
cows with white faces nearly everywhere
among the native stock of the country.
And wherever a red or brown COW with
white face is seen she has, near or re
notely, Hereford ancestry
The Herefords are rapidly being intro
duced into the western parts Of the
country as beef producers. Their beef
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29
AGRICULTURAL NoTEs.
Things Said and Done by widcawake Ag-
riculturlsts,

Three years ago, says the ingenious
inventor of the unpatented harrow illus
trated in the accompanying cuts, 81 made
my harrow, intending it for narrowing
corn and potatoes, On testing it I found
it far excelled any spike toothed harrow
| had ever used for filming lumpy soil or
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-08-29

Because II has proven its absolute merit over
and over again, because it has unequalled rec
ord of cures, because its business Is conducted
in thoroughly honest manner. and because II
combines economy and strength, being the
only medicine of which 100 Doses One Dol
lar" Is true-these strong points have made
Hoods Sarssparilla the most successful medl-
cine of the day.