The Wichita daily eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, 1890-07-18
EUROPEAN LABOR LAWS.

! For all young people in France under IS
/ years Of age and all girls under q years
! Sunday work is forbidden.
| The railroad rules Of Switzerland com
pei all railroads to allow at least one holt
/ day in every three weeks TO railroad en-
| ployes.
Children in Germany between Il and IS
! years may be employed for ten hours per
day in general manufactures and in spin
ming works for eleven hours.
The Italian law forbids children of either
sex 70 work in manufactures or mining
who have not attained years, and forbids
the same from underground work when
they have not attained 10 years.
In Austria there ia law governing the
maximum working hours for men. By
this law man mag not work in manu-
factories or at trades more than eleven
hours daily, not including rests.
Switzerland 3 work day consists of eleven
hours, and on the owe of holiday and
Saturdays only ten hours. Besides this, a
working day is TO be considered as between
s a. m. Gin summer 5 a. M and 8 p. N.
Switzerland prohibits entirely the en-
plOyment of women for night or Sunday
labor, and furthermore prohibits any
such labor in the immediate vicinity Of
operating motors or dangerous machinery.
In France the law fixes days labor at
twelve hours. A decree appeared, others
soon following, making exceptions for
many different manufactures and allow
ing laborers in same TO work thirteen to
fourteen hours daily.
In France, for children between 70 and
IA years of age the law regulates the work
Ing hours by education. Those of that
age with sufficient elementary education
may work twelve hours per day; those
with not, six hours per day.
In Switzerland Sunday labor is prohibit
ed, but the bundesrath makes exceptions
for those establishments that must be in
operation continuously; but even in these
establishments each laborer must have
avery other Sunday free at least.
In Germany Sunday work is not only
forbidden, but the manufacturer cannot
compel the labOrer to work on Sundays or
holidays Therefore, a contract TO do Sun
day work is void, and laborer cannot be
discharged for refusing to do Sunday work.
A law in Hungary forbids the employ
ment of children under 10 years in manu-
factories, and allows those between 10 and
II years only by special permission Of the
trades authorities, and when the labor
would not interfere with their attendance
at school.
In mines and quarries in France, where
there is underground work, boys under II
years and girls and women OF any age are
forbidden to work. BOYS between Il and
16 years may only work underground eight
hours per day, at light work with only an
hours rest.
In Great Britain the keeping Of Sunday
holy is such custom as to make it I'M
necessary to make other laws For the
protected persons-wOnen and children
working in Misunderstanding have, be-
sides the Sundays and regular holidays,
eight half holidays per year
The Hungarian working hours are fixed
by the trades authorities at eight hours for
children Of II to IA years; ten hours for
children of IA TO l6 years. Night and Sun
day work is forbidden, as are also those
Industries dangerous TO health or limbs,
except by special permission
In the textile industries Of Hungary the
laboring hours for women and children
between Il and IS years are from six 10
seven hours in the morning and from six
to seven hours in the afternoon, with two
hours rest for meals, making altogether
ten working hours per day.
In Switzerland children are prohibited
from beginning work until the completion
Of their l4th year From IS 70 the end %
their 10th year they may be employed, but
the time, including school or religious in
struction which sAey nay at the same time
be taking, must not exceed eleven hours
daily.
Italian children between and Is may
only work st the various trades when they
bring a physicians certificate showing
them physically capable Of the labor and
the specified trade TO 10 their choice. In
unhealthy or dangerous work children
under Is viii have to obtain the royal per
mission
France prohibits the employment of chill
dren under l2 in factories, but makes eK-
ceptions n favor Of the textile, glass and
paper factories, bat expressly states that
every advantage must Dc allowed the chill
dren 10 visit school, and sand children are
not TO be employed more than ten hours
daiIy.-St. Louis Globe Democrat