The sun., 1890-03-30
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
FLOWERS FOR THE VIDE WORLD

ELOWEhh run 3hH WIDE WOhLD
The Kiads, Origin, Culture. Trestuaent, snS
Lovely Products er the Most Interest.
lag OF Pisnts-Ssuae Special Iniors alton,
The chrysanthemum is to-day perhaps the
most popular Of all garden plants for II 10 every
bodys plant. 1t thrives we'll in city or country
gardens. is Of the easiest possible cultivation.
vigorous arower and generous bloomer. and
out OF doors II comes into flower In October
and November, season when. apart from
some late tritomas, pot mariRolds. and sweet
alyssum, We have very few other blossoms in
our open-air gardens. In our windows or
greenhouses we can prolonR the chrysanthe-
mum season through December; and 1t
affords us such large variety OF flowers, from
the tiny Chusan daisies about half an inch
across, to the gorgeous blossoms OF tho Jap
enese varieties. six to ten inches wide.
The chrysanthemum is indigenous to China
and Japan, where 1t is pretty generally dis
trtbuted; at the same time there is much un-
certainty In determining the different species
from which our garden varieties have sprung
for chryssnthemums have been cultivated In
the gardens in the Celestial Empire and the
Flowery Land from time immemorial and do
generate varieties OF cultivated forms have,
for centuries past, become widely naturalized.
Only two distinct species are now recognized
BY botanists, namely. c. indicum tthe pompone)
@ nloriholu'n tthe Chinesel, and c. mOrifohum
var 0rdcilo tirom Japan. Gardeners however,
cannot even insist that these are distinct, for
they have demonstrated time and time again
that all the different types OF those chrysanthe-
NUNS may be raised from seed saved from
ono plant This. however, may be the result
OF the continuous intercrossng by natural and
artificial means that has been going on among
these plants for many years.
n Ahr v0ap han Ia tha LAM nj IaI IUnN 80
Japan and nowhere else has it's cultivation
reached such perfection. or are its finer varie-
tics more Zealously guarded. Common varie-
ties are plentiful enough in the gardens OF the
masses, and easily procurable but the choicer
varieties are confined to the imperial gardens
and the gardens OF the nobility, and cannot be
obtained by outsiders for love or money or
recent years. however. by one means or an
other. some OF these select varieties are find
tnR their way westward. Among them may be
mentioned Mrs. Alpheus Hardy. Louis Boeh-
mer, kiota, Neesima, Gloriosum, and Lillian b.
Bird. The chrysunthemum is usually dis
played on the lac1uered ware for which
the Japanese are SO eminent Indeed.
1t figures largely as q decorative SUBJ
iect In every class OF ancient native art
work. Mr. c. Harman Payne Of London tells
Us: Mr. Louis Gonsso, an eminent authority
on Japanese art. has in his collection OF Japan
ese curiosities silken robe. manufactured so
far back as the middle Of the four
teonth century Of our era, in which is
woven heradic form OF chrysanthe-
mum almost identical with that used at the
present day by the Mikado as his crest and Of
hcial seal. Further evidence of its antiquity
is found in tho Frnnks collection Of Oriental
pottery at the British Museum. where there is
u dish Of Chinese porcelain decorated with
rhrysanthemunI7 in an archaic style. bearing
- n a. al Ia nlAnf
to our date li26- i43G.'
The, advent Of tho Oriental chrysanthemum
put Jakob Breyne. a hotnnist and merchant Of
Dantzlg in ono Of his works published in 1899.
then in cuitivato in soma 1f ihs ce ebratea mas
gardens OF Holland. But we lose sig hit OF 1t as
q garden plant in Europe from that time till
lioi. when we llnd 1t grown in the Apothe-
caries' Botanic GarIen at Chelsea London.
= nd even then it was unknown in general cul-
l,s9. when Pierre Dlancard, II Versailles mer-
chant engaged in tho China trade brought
and purple. The tirt two died. but tie latter
lived. and was largely propaGated and widely
land Between 6 and s0s eight My ne@ raIS Iar
ties were imported from China into England.
and from that time on tho stream Of Chinese
swell s to massive proportions 1t was not till
1852 however. when Fortune introduced into
that the Queen OF Autumn became SO nniyer-
the professional florists. who had labored so
long , and assldpousy to perfect the stiff full
whirlgig blossoms OF Fortunes magnificent
Introduction. But the people willel It other
wise. and pronounced in favor of the elegant
bio SONS OF the japanese varieties. -,
In 1865 over 600 varieties oil chrysanthcmums
Waloott OF Boston Mass had himself grown
noout 500 sorts. but now the number Of yarie-
rnncinG by hundreds every year. Even 50
short ago as ten years 1t was seldom that "A |
s IN hend"n b%t n NEW
varieties received iirst-class certificates in |
i 1883 thirty-eighto were awarded similar
twenty more. And these do not include 10 per |
cent nt, Of tho new sorts raised every year
ornamental plant; In Japan; however. there is |
9 q, kind, Ryoriglka the edible chrysanthe-
SO Arm a hold has this favorite flower got
upon the people that now most every promi- |
pent city has its annual chrysan nthemum ,ex-
raj skill both In tho form OF plants In bloom
and cut fowers. are displayed in their most at
first chrysanthemuims seen at any horticultu-
raj exhibition i9 this country were iu Boston
O Fsms ne
sos s%bs R PsHff R MEte nR 5ma Rn
Yellow, Golden Yellow. Quilted Lilac, and
8uiIlSd White; Thf tI,st Erize;5. 99Tersd by
were given. And tho first special chrysnn-
themum show was held by this society
on Nov. IA. 1868. when $55 were offered in
prizes. But owing to snow storm and severe
cold 1t was an entire failure. In 1873. $3.50
were offered In premiums. and an entire day
devoted to the exhibition. In 1882 the exhibi-
tion was open Tor two days and in 1886 1t was
miums offered were t74l. This Will give some
Idea OF the increasing popularity OF these de-
serving flowers.
Tho iirst regul lar chrysanthemum exhibition
held in England was ut NOrwlc ch. Nov. 25, / S29,
when practically the same Varieties were
shown there as were exhibited the following
a., But these, dates must pale before that when
.he first chrysanthemum show was held in
JapaD. Mr.. Yoshida. q nurseryman OF Toxic.
states In the Bulletin RArbOric,iit,up that chrys-
lnthemum shows in Japan date from A. D. 300
having been organized by the Emperor OudR
OTHER SPECIES or CHRYsANTHEMuMs.
The beautiful but pernicious, white weed OF
our hay folds Is true chrysanthemum,
namely. e. LeIcdnthenuIH. ani since ~ year or