Telegram-herald., 1890-11-30

1hs Antisiaity, History and In
pors4nes q Herring Fsshersss
TIE CHRONICLES og EVEsElH II los
- FtFst asntiea % asrriaxs-
@ft ~f ssitias Fhsn usabsls.s
@~~a "a ths Dass 90 Wliil1aa
tAs Caasasxer.

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tAs CaaaaazeE.
teofyEixhssd isa0I
Iza"ffhs Shetland, 0at 4. 1850 -
The hsrflng rsnerles II scotland form
saen = staPen.ious interest,". Ia capital
nfsstad. IA the namber ~ men. 30
msn and boats employed. snd product
for Rome consumption ana export -
ms continent secured, that have beer
ss pans - study TIE subject for intelll-
gsnt presentation to Amsncan readers.
1n7 earliest aata assigned such fishing
en- tAe coasts 81 Britain : about 1856.
although herrings are mentioned ID
the chronicles of Evesham la zoo, the
AofmAna having probably then &C
quFed tns arr Of salting dsh. And i s
mere tnan probable that tie ase 0f salt
Wa known Ia the Tine OF Walam the
tonquereE, - punamel quotes one Of
Williams characters which states that
Ia the iith century vessels from Dieppe
called Grand Dr0gaeurs" went t. the
North to hsh FOR herrings IN July and
brought them home ina barrels salted.
The Dutch obtained privilege Of Ed
ward l. 70 take herrings al Yarmouth.
tngisnd and in the reign Of the third
fN"tfu An act VAS passed relative %
supplying the British neet with her.
rings. b1rng The middle ages, and
later still, British herring fishing.
a. I 80.
Scottlsn coasts, vas even encouraged
through the meaEs OF religious fast
DAYS.
The Scottish herring fisheries owed
their rise and development 20 the leal-
ousy ot the Dutch who largely frequent
ed tho east coast during tae last cen
tury and VINO still annually send a
large ueet OF fishing "busses' 10 the
Shetland Islands. The method OF cur
lag WITH salt Is SAID to have been 0rigi-
mated IN l4s6 rs one William Beuklcs,
= native OF kiauders. THIS humble
fisherman may be said % have lard the
foundation 0t the Dutch herring fish
efies, which nave always proved one OF
their greatest sources of national
wealth. The saying is that Amsterdam
itself Was "bullt on herring bones;
while BeukePs memory was SO honored
by the Dutch that. n 1886 Charles V,
OF the Netherlands and his sister, the
Queen Of Hungary, paid memorable
visit 70 his tomb. The scotch adopted
the Dutch method OF curing herring
and these two people With the fisher
men OF our own New England coast are
principal competitors for the continen-
tai cured herring trade OF Europe.
The Board or British White Herring
Fisheries was established by Parliament
IN 1900, and IL still 10 existence under
the present title OF the Fishery Board
for Scotland. Many restrictive meas
ures have been enacted during the
present century, such as ''clOse" sea-
sons. barring tho use of circle trawl-
nets, and nets OF certain size OF mesh,
bat without result; and since 56S, the
Scottish herring fisheres have been
practically free from Legislative con-
troll, even sunday fishing IA religious
Scotland beng largely pracuced. The
Scottish Board has ia It's service a gen
eral Inspector, one assistant, and thirty
sub-Inspectors or officials. All of these
are not only graduate fishermen but
have also been fsh-curers by Occupa-
ton. Fer tne purpose of easy control
and procuring statistics, the cOast-lipe
Of Scotland a divided into tNenty-six
districts, the east cOast having seven
teen and tns west coast nine districts
Each district is provided VITA at least
one officer. and some with two.
A bounty systems Tor the encourage
rnent OF herring fishing prevailed with
curious results from 1886 TO 1880 Fish-
ermen went g. SEA 90 ''cstch the bounty
gather than the fish" It Was paid on
tonnage Of vessels nstesd<of upon her
rings landed. In 1859 tins bounty was
So shilhngs per ton Of tonnage. Four
barrels we're taken. The tonnage
bounty pad was upwards of El59.
THIS being discontinued. from 1909 To
1915, the government paid two shillIugs
per barre Of cured nerrings, and, alto
gether, four shilhngs, eighLpence, If
exported. Government bounbes ceased
IN 1850 Government branding, after
examination. was. however. continued;
and. in 1889. brsndmg-fee OF four
pence per barrel was fixed, which still
continues i'm force. In a way the
bounty system is Sill continued asa
CONCESSION to the fishermen. but in
totally different FORM The Govern
rnent paid is bounty both 20 the vessel
owner on tonnage and the ish-cursr on
cured herrings. Under the bounty sys-
TEN as retained BY the trade. the bounty
is now exclusively paid by the cursr 20
she fisherman before be puts net in
tho ssa. THIS "trsde bounty" reached
its hsIrhs in 1884. when, on the Aber-
daenshirs coast. it WAS from $40 to $50
per boat. the fisherman also receiving
II par .scrsu" Of hcrrngs landed.
This sstradc- bounty" now greatly re-
dnred IL paid "a the crew. or rather, %
the owner Of the boat. before fishing
hegins. srd forms mild sort of lottery.
Thrs. if che bargain ls 81 per Gran and
fsO bounty. and the boat fsh 100 Grams.
the cost tfl the curer - 3 shllbngs per
erau. If 500 Grams ars landed the
mes i reduced o. 26 shiihngs per cran.
hyalN al herriuEs over a complement
81. saw. 90 or 20 Grams WI be deilv-
sred ansar The 81 rate, and those de-
Evered after o'clock st uight of the
dsv they are taken, are sal cheaper to
tie Curer.
Tn the early part of the century Scot
tssh hsrrines we're chiefly exported to
Troland Ard 10 tne West lndiss ss food
for slaves. But unce 1876, continental
Furooa. especially Germany and Rus
"a. has been the chief purchaser. Dur
ir9 Iso-. tae frst year for whica ststs-
as are nrrenrsbic. the prct8ct was uu-
warts ~ $4,000 barrels. for the ten
vssrs anairr RI 1897. tcsre we're esq 9e5
h.,rrsls er,red for tae twenty vssrs eIos- .
inx wish 1857. there were l,llosle bar +
res cureat While ere Tremendous l- .