davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
TARIFF QUERIES.

Rev. D. Morgan, of this city, writes to
the Pioneer Press for light on some points
of tariff doctrine that are not clear to him.
he says:
A recent visit to the cold country has some
what shaken my IDEAS. and l am now question
ing very much if tarifflaws do anything more
than protect monopolies and burden the people.
L found, in England for ex ample, that all goods
upon which there was no tariff were a trife
dearer than in America, such as cotton goods,
straw goods, papergo goods, leathergoods, wooden
wares and Others; while in wooden, iron, steel and
goods upon which tariff is placed, the price is
simply thesame minus the tariff. Now, the men
engaged in manufacturing goods in this country
upon which there is no tariff, such as printers,
shoe and harness makers, workers in cotton.
mills and Others, get as much wages in the aver
age as workers in wooden and iron mills who are
protected by tariffs. How is this possible?
To this he adds that he has been taught
that a high tariff is a blessing to the farmer,
whereas the prices of farm products have
declined. And he wants an ex.
PLANTATION of these Inconsistencies. Tho
only mystery about the subject is that the
friends of a protective tariff, in stating
LaN =
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

A memorial was introduced in the
house by Col. Parker relating to the
slanderous articles published by the jour
nails OF other states and territories call
ing attention to the poverty-stricken
condition OF Dakota. The stories in
vented by the press OF states competing
with the Dakotas for eastern emigration
and capital are amusing, but hardly
more SO than the violent efforts of real
estate spectators to checkmate them.
The latter class has really accomplished
the greater damage, in covering the few
real cases OF distress for selfish in
terests. We believe that eastern people
are shrewd enough to take the ex-
IRENE yarns Of outside papers for what
they are worth, and that they will not,
toa great extent, deter immigration.
AS we have before remarked, the private
correspondence OF the people will do the
work. Already we have learned OF
several families who have removed from
thestricken sections OF the east to the
Black Hills, and in every case friends
Residing here have called them.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

The bill which has been introduced for
the repeal OF the Timber Culture act, and
to allow claimants to obtain title to
claims taken under that act, on thepay-
ment Of $l.25 per acre, should never
pass. We know that in agreat majority
OF cases, timber culture has proven a
failure, but this only shows the wisdom
of the act. In nearly everysection OF the
country some have succeeded. The
greater the difficulty in starting trees,
the greater is the need OF them. While
some have tried faithfully and failed, the
great majority have simply hired the Job
done, and it has generally been very
poorly done. The law in question, we
believe, was originated, and is worked
in the interests OF residents OF towns who
have taken claims for speculative pur'
poses, and desire to escape the work anG
obtain quick titles.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

The liars are not all dead yet. Listen
to this from Eldora, Iowa: John Web
ster, a man named Gaines and two
brothers named Buchanan, residents OF
Eldora, went fishing near Hardin City.
Cutting a hole in the ice they speared a
pike and, bringing 1t to the surface, no.
ticed that it seemed distended. When
opened a pocket book was found inside,
containing $65 in gold, $15 in silver, $75
in greenbacks, $4,000 in bonds and a
certificate of deposit for $25 on a bank
Of %Johnstown, Pa. A piece OF paper in
the pocket book had a written statement
to the effect that the book and contents
were the property OF John j. Jones, OF
YOUNGSTOWN, Pa" Whew, but that fish
must have
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
CLIPPINGS,
| CROP FAILURE IN DAKoTA-BETRER
SUGGESTED.

oRo FAILURE IN DAKorA-BETRER METHODS
SUGGESTED.
Farm, Stock and Home: Much has
been said in eastern papers about
the great failure of crops and the
extensive suffering of the people in the
last year was badly distributed, and some
of the counties suffered with drouth. Our
country had less rain for the growing
season than We got the year before in
June; yet our crops we're not all failures.
Some we're excellent and some poor, &C.
cording to culture, A brief account of a
few of the methods employed may leash a
lesson.
My nearest neighbor had four acres of
wheat, and about half of it was the heav-
lest I haye seen in Dakota. The balance,
fair to small. Where the big wheat grew
the ground had been worked deep and
fine for five years; the lighter wheat
ground was not so thoroughly titled, and
was newer ground. The four acres made
100 bushels of No. 1 hard wheat, while the
best two acres would probably have made
ninty bushels. A ueighbor up the river
made 200 bushels of wheat from eight
acres, on sod. He broke it but the pre-
vious summer, and worked it we'll before
and after seeding with a disk md common
barrows, finishing with a roller.
The orthodox theory for braking here
is to break shallow 1.-TWO inches.) The past
season destroyed that illusion, though I
have never been a convert to that doctrine.
In 1886 I broke a piece eight inches deep.
The next spring I seeded it to oats, and
worked it we'll with en- Acme harrow.
The oats were very heavy. The next
spring I worked the ground well with a
disk harrow, planted it to potates and
harvested about 400 bushels per acre.
They we're planted deep and narrowed
twice before they were up, and once after,
and were we'll cultivated. Last spring
the ground was sown with oats, we'll
worked with the Acme, and they made a
heavy crop. After harvest I ran the pillow
a little deeper thar it was broken, but
failed to find any sign of the old sod. 1t
was all thoroughly decomposed, and yet I
haye seen ground encountered with dry
sods for five years after shallow breaking
and culture. I prefer to break and pillow
deep, then work thorough and firm, and
raise three or more crops before turning
up the cid sod.
I'd Farmers here that keep a fair supply of
COWS, chickens and pigs. and work their
ground well, are in good shape for the
winter. Some will make a little more
than their living, and those who have in
addition a good flock Of sheep, or cattle,
are doing well. So far as / am able to
learn there is nc case of suffering or des-
titution near here. Our winter is mild,
and stock of all kinds in good condition,
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

This office is favored with a free copy
ofthe paper that sails under the heading
OF this article. II in this we enjoyed a
special favor, we should be slow to give
it away, but we find that this journal is
sending many copies, gratis, to alliance
members throughout the Hills region.
Who pays for these extra copies, we OF
course, have nc means OF knowing; but
that they are distributed in the interest
OF the alliance, no honestm man can believe.
MI. Conklin belongs to that class OF
alliance e. men who wouldmake the organ
ization a political machine and then let
the job Of turning the crank to the re-
publican party. Failing in this they
would like to crush the whole organiza-
ton. Last year the political hays OF the
party, by the help OF this element, in
holding up alliance leaders as candi-
dates, and by other shrewd manipula-
tions Of the press, succeeded in weaken
ing Tor a time the confidence of the al
lance people in their leaders, and thus
carried their points. But after the
smoke OF battle had cleared away, the
members saw from whence defeat came,
and at the annual session and election
they INDICATED their officers, and sat
down very hard on Mr.. Conklin and his
crowd. The death groan OF the old man
has been vibrating through the columns
ofsthe Dakotian ever since.
Failing in the attemptto capture the
alliance, and knowing the men now at
the head could not be bought. they fear
the result Of another political contest.
they-know very well that the present al
lance leaders are republicans; that they
would prefer to work with that party,
and that to hold its own, all the party
need do is to make clean nominations.
But that would rule the old gangs out
and they would prefer defeat.
Now, the present leaders OF the alliance
party are sofoolish they puttheinterest
81 the people ahead Of party interests,
and if they can't get a good man from
their party, they will take him from the
other; hence they are dangerous leaders
(forlthsp oliticians), and they resolve to
kill the whole organization; and for this
purpose the sold organ with it's broken
keys and eChoing the m~ournful groan, is
distributed about thecountry.
It won work.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

1t Is being surmised by the press that
Governor Mellette is forming a eombina-
ton with the farmers to defeat Senator
Moody in his candidacy for reelection.
UNEASY lies. the head, etc." Maybe
aud maybe not. We don't count much
IN Mellette ourselves. He showed
himself to much OF a demigogue when
working for Moody at the first session
of the legislature.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
LEGAL NOTICES.
Notice---Timber Culture.
U. S. land office, Rapid City, s. D..

january Is, $780,
Complaint having been entered at this office
by Alexander W. Gunn against the heirs OF
Milan G. Hall for failure to comply with law as
to Timber-Culture Entry No. 1894 dated Sep
TENDER %, 1885, upon the S. W.. z Section 8,
county, South Dakota. with a view to the
cancellation of said entry; contestant alleging
that said Hall failed to plant or cause to be
on said tract the third year, ending September
20, 1883, and failed to plant or cause to be
planted five acres OF trees. tree seeds or cuttings
90, 1889. which failure still continues, and that
said Hall has died and the postoffice address
and names of his heirs are to attiant unknown.
Wherefore services, after due inquiry and
the said parties are hereby to ap-
pear at this office on the 9Th day OF March, 1850
at 10 O'Clock, a. M, to respond and furnish
testimony concerning said alleged failure.
j. P. LUsE,
5-6 Register.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
NOtice---Timber Culture.
U. s. land Office, Rapid City, S. d.

January %, 1S9O.J
Complaint having been entered at this office
by. Henry L. Zorger against Frank Pike for
failure to comply with law as to Timber-Culture
Entry No. 1911 dated January IL, 1886, upon
the E. y S. W. x and W.. v s. Z. X Section 81,
Township 2 n, and Range II E., in Pennington
county, South Dakota, with a view to the can
collation. of said entry; contestant alleging that
he failed to plant or cause to be planted five
acres in trees, tree seeds or cuttings on said
tract the third year. ending January II, 1889,
and further failed to plant or cause to be plant
ed five acres OH said tract in trees, tree seeds or
cuttings on the fourth year, ending January II,
1890, as required by law, and that said failure
still continues. The said parties are hereby
m to appear at this office on the 18th.
day of March, 1890, at 10 o'clock, o.. M, to
and furnish testimony concerning
said alleged failure. j.. LUsE,
O-5 Register,
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
systems.

SySLcul9s
On the other hand, it is just as certain
thot the decline of prices in agricultural
products does no more to disprove the
desirability of a protective system than the
argument from wages does to establish it.
The fall in value of agricultural products
is due to the opening up to settlement and
of expanses of ex-
fertile land on this continent; to-
gether with such discoveries and inventions
of machinery aiding in production as have
cheapened production and multiplied the
yield many fold. This is a change just as
independent of tariff laws as a dry season,
or a snow six feet deep. And, as we see,
by the depopulation of rural New England,
| it is one that has been felt by the farmers
of this country equally with those of Eng,
land and the continent. If a mans faith IN
a protective system has been founded on the
stock arguments, about prices and wages
they are pretty sure to become unsettled
when he begins to look at facts and stud,
their relations. He is equally likely to err
if he at once jumps to the opposite conclu
sion. AS a matter of course, he is just a
open to error when he concludes that
tariff is a fraud as he was when he though
1t a sort of industrial miracle-wo-ker, if h
reasons in both cases from premises tina
have no logical connection with the con
c%lusion. st. Paul Pioneer Press.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

WHAT'S the matter with the crowd
who watch the government crib? The
land office business to be derived from
the reservation, about to be opened,
was a slick plum for the town whose
land office got 1T. It goes to Pierre and
Chamberlain, while Rapid is LETT.
WHAT'S the matter with Moody? Was
it decided by Pettigrew's favorite game,
thus giving him the advantage? Much
OF this territory lies within t~hirty-tive
to fifty miles OF Rapid City, and yet it's
inhabitants must travel to
Pierre and Chamberlain.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
Another Man Hung

his "stocking by the chimney with CARE
and was tickled almost to death to find
that his good wife had anticipated his
near at hand wants and filled the stock
ing with Standard Seeds, grown and put
up by ?. N. Ferry = Co, Detroit bet Michi-
1896 5rss 8 eq HSHis IS 81 ts sa9 mos see easf An n af fs1
catalogues, not only for experienced
gardeners, but for the novice as we'll.
Send your name and address for a copy
to D. N. Ferry q Cos Detroit, Michigan.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

NEW FEATURES IN ALLIANCE WORK.
By reference to the minutes OF the
County alliance it will be seen that some
important additions are being made to
the alliance work. OF two Of them we
would speak at this time.
The stock ASSOCIATION is organized for
the purpose OF tracing strayed or stolen
cattle, and there is no reason why it
cannot be made to do effective work
and save stockmen and farmers much in
time and money. The plan is for the
county secretary to have a list OF the
stock brands OF every member OF the
alliance and the address OF the members.
A member OF any local alliance who has
lost stock, at once notifies the secretary
OF his alliance. The secretary drops a
card to the county secretary, giving
brands OF the missing animal. The
county secretary in turn notifies the
secretary OF every local alliance in the
county. The members OF the local ALI
ances are called together by their secre-
tary and given a description Of stock
lost, and each member is to watch for
such stock. When found it is reported
to the secretary OF the local alliance and
through him to the county secretary OF
to the county secretary direct, and he
at once notifies the loser. AS the orga-
nization will have from three to six
| alliances on each creek, and many on
the divides and in the Hills, the whole
ground can be covered in a few days at
a cost Of a few cents. It IS expected
that this plan will be adopted by the
District organization. 1t will then EN-.
brace the whole Hills. While it is not
expected that this can accomplish much
for the large stockman, for the small
ones or the granger who at many times
of the year is tied to his ranch, while his
stock is on the range, it should prove q
great help. The benefits will be confined
entirely to members Of the alliance.
The relief association will be for the
benefit ofneedy members. Ifapoormar
loses his only team, suffers from contin
ual sickness in the family, or utter fail
ure OF crops, his alliance will report
to the county alliance that he il
worthy OF aid, and state the amour
needed. Each local alliance will thel
be asked to raise their proportion. /
is not intended to make this obligatory
No one need contribute without the,
desire. But if the District adopt thi
measure also, an assessment OF twenty
five cents each, even with the presen
membership, would buy a good team
We believe these praticle features OF tn
alliance work will be heartily endorsed
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
TAKEN UP.

At the ranch of subscriber, eight miles north.
west OF Rapid and W miles south OF Elk creek.
The following described horses: One sorrel
mare, blazed face, two white feet; one bay geld
ing, heart and S on left shoulder; one bay geld
ing, no brand, star in forehead. All coming
two. Owner can have same by paying damages
and cost of this notice. MICHAEL /. SLOWER,
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

The Custer Chronicle man has changed
the size Of his paper from a 6-column
quarto to an S-column folio. He. also
discarded it's Handsome" heading and
adorned the new sheet with one more
appropriate.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

TllTNG If yau have any money coin
send fifty cents TO j. 3. Boyles, Rock Rapids
Iowa. for book on all rare American and
foreign coins. A fortune for somebody. Over
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
ESTRAY.

Came to the residence OF subscriber. January
2. An old COY red with line back. Looks
like an anchor brand on right hip. Dim brands
left side. Owner will oblige by calling for
same and paying costs. j. u. GRosHoNa,
Box Elder.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
A FOR SALE.
Stanley'S New Book.

5000 good active agents wanted at once,
either sex, to introduce this great work. Here is
q chance Tor you. ANY one can sell the book,
as the whole world is interested. The book
will contain a full account of all Of stanley's
Explorations III Africa. and especially of his
Latest Expedition for the Relief OF Emin Bey.
lions, maps, etc. Complete canvassing outfit
with all Instructions will be mailed o receipt
of 40 cents. Do not delay in writing; order
outfit and get territory at ONCE. The only
genuine new Stanley book out. Address
Peerless Publishing Co., SOS-1O-12 Olive St.,
st. Louis, Mo.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

Although Senator Ingalls, is charged
with skepticism in religious matters, 1t
is observed that he has all his children
baptized in the Episcopal Church.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
WANT AND EXCHANGE.

Advertisements will be inserted in this col
umn at the exceedingly low price OF five cents
per line of nonpariel type per month. No ad-
vertisement taken for less than ten cents, and
in all cases cash must accompany the order.
Copy for this column must be m the Office by
Thursday noon. The column is for the use OF
farmers exclusively.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY Z, 1890.

The government has recognized the
Brazilian Republic.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

Only two states i'll the Union raised
more wheat the past season than the
two Dakotas-Minnesota and California.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

To exchange for young farm stock a
4-year-old stallion Cleveland and
Morgan, bay weight 1,4OO.
il. REED, Cheyenne river.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

their case, have tried to make it too strong
by the use of arguments that are invalid
This is especially true as to wages. It is
the fact, we believe, that the price of a
protected article in this country is gener-
ally, if it eyer is, the price abroad plus the
duty. That was Mr.. Cleveland's argu-
ment, which is refuted by the very first
price list on which a mans eye can light.
Nor can the conclusions of the writer be
followed where he compares manufactures
which enjoy free raw materials and those
which do not, while in both cases there
may be and usually is a duty upon the
finished product. But mis- principal STUN
bling block will be removed by remem-
bering the proposition SO often repeated
in these columns that, as far as can be
learned, a protective tariff has practically
no effect upon the wages of labor. 1t may
accomplish other benefcent results; but
the wages of labor are almost if not abso-
lutely independent of it.
1dDOIOAo WdSOo \ ~
the demand for labor, the amount of CAPT
tai invested in business, the quantity OF
land open for occupation, and the compe.
tition of laborers themselves for work.
These wages vary between different coun.
tries and between different parts of the
same country. A comparison of wages
paid in the east and the west will show
variations almost as great as those between
the United States and other countries
commonly ascribed to the operation OF
tariff laws. Again, the same difference ap'
pears in occupations with which a protec,
tive system can have no possible connec'
ton. For example, President Norvir
Green, of the Western Union Telegraph
company, in an article in the last NORTH
American review on the subject of com
parative telegraph rates, gives the wages
paid to operators in the central Office O
the English system in London and that Of
the American system in New York. It ap
| pears, from official statistics, that men il
London receive an average monthly salar,
of $28.26, and women of $23.76 the com
bined average being $4,000. At New
York, the average salary for a man is ST..
Sc, and for a woman $s36.75, the combined
average being $61.45. Now the duties Q
these operators are the same. Yet tn
average wages on this side are more tina
twice those on the other; the differenc
being fully as great MS any quoted iron
protected industries. 1t is clear, of course
that a tariff has nothing to do with tn
wages of telegraph operators; and j
ought to have been clear lorg ago that
does not affect wages in general, simpl
because it cannot. There are argument
to be adduced in favor of a protectiv
system; but the argument from wages j
one wholly fallacious. based upon a differ
ence arising from external causes, an
l univ ~sccidantalv noincidept with the TART
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

ITO EXCHANGE, A black mare for lumber.
i Address S. D Reed, Link, s. D..
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

E,OR SALE, shoats that will weigh $50 lbs
I' apiece, also lot Of pigs three monts old and
one nearly full blood Poland China Boar. En-
quire at this Office.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

E,oR SALE, Gray gelding. fveyears old, 100
i. pounds weight. Price $125. Address S. D..
Reed, Link, S. D.
The Black Hills union. [volume] (Rapid City, Pennington County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1889-1904, 1890-02-07

.vsyo ts uoVpe. MICHAEL n sIoyGn, 100 Sa@s sSas