The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1890-09-12
$500 PER YEAR IN ADVANCE.
SKULL DEVELOPMENT.
HOW TO "sIzE UP" YOUR FRIENDS
INTELLECTUAL POWERS.

Mistakes OF feregr1nafinE Phren0ioElsts-
DIR. Peterson's Talk ON Recent Investssn-
tions-
Recently the scientists both In Europe
and America have been giving a good
deal OF attention to the conformation and
measurement OF the human head or era
niometry. as they call it.
The studies of DIR. Frederick Peterson,
the insanity expert and specialist in nerv-
ous diseases. of New York, have been
equally extensive Their conclusions have
been reached by accurate measurements
and not by feeling bumps DIR. Peterson
said % me:
THE FRONTAL LoBRs.
"In men noted for great attainments
and intellectual capacity all the Diane
ters and arcs of the skull are far above
their heads are larger. In many criminals
the diameters and arcs are below the nor
NAL average. and there is also great alb
normaiity in shape. especially i'm heredi-
tary criminals. One side of the head may
be larger than the other, the forehead
may retreat, or there may be some other
lack of symmetry and proportion. Often
the teeth, jaws and ears are deformed.
All the higher mental faculties are loca-
ted in the frontal Iobes of the brain, and
these naturally have direct proportion
TO the length and breadth of the fore
head. Just back of this region are the
muscular centers and the centers for cuta-
neous sensation.
Directly behind the ears and little
above are the centers for remembering
that which Is heard. and here are un-
! doubtedly located some of the muscular
faculties, for instance, the wonderful
memory of musical compositions, such
as was possessed by blind Tosn.r The
memory of everything seen is stored
away in the posterior lobes Of the brain;
therefore people of great perceptive
power and who remember well all their
/ perceptions will be found to have large
Development on the back of the head
II has been noted that in people born
blind this part of the head Is smaller
than it should be. In contfadistinction
to qnack phrenology the perceptive
power is located here in place of Calls
philoprcgenitivenes and bump OF anna
tiveness. Gall located the perceptive
power Immediately over the eye, behind
which is a cavity in the bone containing
| no brain.
.sThe average circumference of an
adult mans skull is 20f inches and Of
an adult woman's 1ss inches. The aver
age length OF the arc from tine reef Of
the nose over the top of the head to the
most prominent point ON the back of the
head is in man 12s inches and in the wo-
man 124. The average length of the arc
from one ear TO the other over the high
est part of the head is in a man 12s
inches and in woman 12@ The aver
age antero-posterior diameter, that Is
from the middle of the forehead in q
straight line to the hindnost part of the
head, Is in a man inches and in wo-
man ST. The average diameter through
the widest part of a mans head, from
side to side in straight line, is 81 inches,
and of woman's head 81 inches These
are only a few of the more important
measurements taken.
II never made less than seventeen
measurements and three drawings of
each head. But in the most careful
studies sometimes from so TO 1S0 sepa-
rate arcs and dianeters are measured.
1t viii be seen that the head of q woman
is ON an average smaller than that of a
man. just as her brain weighs several
ounces less. While it may be taken as q
general rule that a head of large dinen-
sions is associated with unusual capa-
city in some one or other direction, it is,
of course, not always the case. One can
easily imagine. or may even have met
with persons with large heads who
seemed to enjoy considerable emanejpa-
ton from the bonds of intellect; and one
can readily conceive of mucn of their
brain substance being replaced by more
ordinary tissues or substances required
to prevent the formation of vacuum
PACKING OF THE BRAIN
1.-THE skull bones may be twice as
thick as usual, or there may be sin un-
usual amount of fluid in the cavisies of
the brain and its coverings. Again, a
person with rather small head may
have more thinking centers to the cubic
inch of brain than the other; less fat, less
water, less packing of every kind, as in
the case of Gambetta, whose brain was
rather small. The word packing is an
excellent one to use in this connection,
for it describes the condition perfectly.
just as delicate china or glass vessels are
/ 4 tdShco CIV cet oUcts t4<ff Ct<5-s tOt
shipping, so the fragile cells containing
memories and thoughts are packed away
in an enormous quantity of substance,
known as connective tissue, which diff
fers relatively little from hay and saw
dust in structure as seen under the mi
croscope, and which serves an equally
efficient purpose. Hence an idiot is oc-
cssionally, though indeed rarely, seen
with an unusually large head; but in the
packing of his Uranium valuable struct-
ures were left out by the thoughtless
workmen, and only the hay and sawdust
slowed away.
up to the age of % the development
of mans skull depends on his educa-
ton, and, in fact, his entire environment.
subsequently the mind may develop a
great deal, but the skull will not. From
the age of 25 the skull retains the same
proportion and the same dimensions, and
it is on this account that certain measure
rnents of the head become useful as a
means of Identification of adults. They
may change their appearance in many
respects. but cannot voluntarily alter the
shapes of their heads. NJ. Bertillon has
. Incorporated, therefore, certain skull di-
! ameters in his system of Identification OF
} criminals, now much employed IL
} France, but as yet little in this country. :
) New York Herald.
! Two years ago George Croft of Osh-