The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-12-21

impossible that the religious requirements
of Jewish communities can be provided Tor
in legal manner. Any irregularity Is,
however, sufficient to inyalidate the cere-
monies of marriage or divorce. Next
to religion comes the question OF
education. The regulations are 100
long TO quote in detail. Their general
tendency during the late ten years has be-
come so restrictive as TO be practically pre-
yentiye. In all schools and universities
within the pale of settlement the maxi
mum number of Jewish pupils Is limited
TO 10 per cent. of the total number OF pu-
pills, and this without regard 10 the pro-
portion of Jews TO the general popu-
lafion IN any one place In
some places the Jewish population
amounts TO per cent. of the entire popu-
lation. Outside the pale of settlement
the number of Jewish pupils generally Is
limited to 5 per cent. of the number of
other pupils, and in st. Petersburg and
Moscow to per cent. Nor can
sending Jewish children TO school in dis
tant places where the lesser proportion of
Jews to the population leaves few vacan-
cies available. ''Jewish children are adj
mitted only in the public and private edu-
cational establishments of places IN which
their parents have right OF residence.
This latter regulation takes effect also In
steal conservatoriums and technical schools
exist only in ST. Petersburg, Moscow and
one or TWO other large towns. Children
whose parents have no right Of residence
in those towns cannot therefore pront at
all by the higher instruction. And this
brings MS to regulations affecting the right
of residence. These, again, with their ex
ceptions and counter-exceptions, are too
long to quote IN any detail.
Generally, Jews are forbidden to live
anywhere throughout the empire
of Russia. except in the fifteen
governments of the pale. To this law
there are two principal exceptions-mer-
chants of the hrst guild and men who have
passed certain professional examinations:
mechanics and artisans can obtain licenses
to live temporarily outside the pale,
subject, however, TO revision and with
drawal. The chapters of laws devoted to
the rights of property, of travelling, and of
residence within the pale are the most in
struetiye of the collection. They might be
summed up by saying that the Jew is him.
self the only immoyable thing IN the prop
erty which he is allowed TO own. He may
not own land in any form, nor farm it, nor
rent it. nor foreclose mortgage upon il,
nor hold shares in q mine. A Jew may
not be manager or steward upon an estate;
he may not rent country inn-
Jews in the pale of permanent settle
ment are forbidden to take up new resi-
dence outside the town and townIets. the
only exceptions being in the case of set
tiers in Jewish agricultural colonies estab-
lished before 1882. The removal of Jews
from the settlements where they had re-
sided before May 3, ISL, TO other settle
ments is Internationally prohibited.
This is one of the principal May Laws
which has caused so large an indux into
the towns. While the mass of Jews is
n sr.%n 2 ho he rstla ~
regard 10 travelling even within the dis
lance of a days walk outside them Is that
it may only be done with a passport, in
which il is indispensable that the religious
persuasion of the holder shall
be mentioned. These passports are
only valid in places set aside
for the permanent residence of Jews The
practical effect OF the many laws under
these heads is TO forbid the Jew to hold
any agricultural property and to
tether him like dog ID the kennel
town in which his name is registered as
resident. Commerce and industry remain,
Where all other pursuits are restricted, it
might have been supposed that these
would have been Tree. Bnt it not
the case. The restrictions quoted
in a long chapter of laws relating to COM
merce are so numerous that the wonder is
only how, in the face of them, the Jews
have managed to absorb, as it is under
stood that they have done, great part of
the local trade. In the chapter on indus
trial pursuits we ind, among others, law
from which Jewish artisans are now suffer-
ing severely. 1t is obligatory that they
shall belong TO guild. 1t is obli-
gatory that the master and vice
master of the guild shall be Christians,
and the authority is vested in the govern
ing body of the guild to take note of all
Jews who join the guild in order that they
may be expelled if they have not followed
their calling six months" The right TO
examine artisans and to expel
them for inetficiency is also vested
in the master of the guild. Let it
be remembered that he is Christian
and a working competitor OF the artisan
whose proficiency he is called upon TO test,
and the effect of this control can easily be
OWNED. Laws relating to legal procedure
and punishments have also two chapters
assigned TO them.