davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-02-28
Total in circulation
by the U. S. Re-

Total in circulation
by the U. S. Re-
ports ,O7O, 900, 900
Per capita, by the U. S. Reports,
$3.50. But even this will require
reduction, as M. Ball explains. Mr..
Ball includes much of this material
further on.l
There is no report made of the de-
posits made in private banks, state
treasures, etc., but it is known that
the amount is in large excess of that
held by the national banks. If we es-
innate this at $36O,OOO,OOO, which
is very conservative, it leaves in cir
culation $6OO,OOO,OOO or less than
$40 per capita.
Nothing is eyer said aboutlost coin
or paper. There have been over &c.
100000 gold dollars coined, not one
OF which is now in circulation. 1t is
safe to say over half of these are now
in use as ornaments. Then as gold
coin is worth no more than gold bull
lion, it is certain that large amounts
of coin are consumed yearly. There
was furnished of gold coin, domestic
and foreign, for use in the arts, from
the mint last year, 81, O27,OOO. II
this is fair. estimate, the gold coin
has shrunken $13, 900, 900 since 1875,
and it is safe to put down that pro-
cured outside the mint as much
more, making a total shrinkage in
gold of over $25,OO0,OOO. The
shrinkage OF silver coin is not so
great, but I find that foreign and do
nestle coin in silver last year fur
nished for the arts exceeded the large
sum OF $777,OO or $11 ,OOO,0 900 for
the last fifteen years-making a total
shrinkage OF coin of $50, 600, 900, and
it is probable that 81, 100000 per
annum is lost outright, which makes
a total loss of coin Of SOL 100000.
The treasury estimates 1902, O27,.
$50 of legal tender notes still in cir.
culation, which is just the balance left
after deducting treasury and bank
deposits. These. notes were first is.
sued Feb. 25th, 1862, and at one
time exceeded $4OO,OOO,OOO. The
losses during the war, of this cur
rency, were immense-how much We
can only approximate. The old de
mand notes that circulated sever
months, lost one mill on the dollar
at which rate per year the loss
would be $40, 100000.
| The fractional currency reached the
sum of $40, 100000. OF this So, 375,
934.is set down as lost and destroyed
and $6.915, 69O.47 is said to be il
circulation, though everybody knows
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-02-28

while it may operate detrimentally
to the interests OF one or both par
ties to such contract, yet it cannot
be said to impair the obligation
thereof.
1.-THE brief on this important case
will be continued next week.
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-02-28

that not one cent now circulates as
money.
Tabulated, the estimated eircula-
ton is, after deducting private bank
deposits, as follows: 5000, 100000
Deduct
Coin loss, $51, 100000
Leg. ten. 100000
Fract. cur. Is, 291 ,5S1 LOG, 291 1871
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-02-28
FlNANCIAL-FROM Mr.. A. E. BALL
Our Country's Money.

OuI NouHlIyS MOney.
RUsHFoRD, Feb. 18th, 1890.
Ed. GREAT WEST:
Knowing how busy you must be,
| will furnish Mr.. Jens Solhaug and
neighbor, with as exact figures, ap-
proximately, as can be made of our
currency, and the amount in circula-
ton.
November LIST. 1889, the director
of the mint puts down the total
gold and silver coin in the country at
81 ,639, 9O7 ,232, a shrinkage in 4
months of net coin in the country OF
SCI 100000.
The paper money of the country,
total July LIST, 1889, was put down
at 1891. 989,719, a net gain in one
year, OF $4,000, 900, making net
loss in money Of $55, 100000, or
nearly one dollar per capita, in one
year, and when we take the present
population as a divisor for the
amount of year ago, it will fully
reach that figure. This is shrink
age of three per cent. on all the
money in the country in one year.
The total, November LIST, was 3d.
048,000,000 of currency. OF this
there was in the treasury S712,184,-
062, which leaves outside the treas
ury in round numbers a little less
than $1,000, 1000, which divided
by $1,000, 900, as the country's pres
ent population, gives just 500 per
capita.
There was reported as on deposit
in national banks, July, 1889, the
further sum of $328,O51 ,2S7, leaving
about 5000, 100000 net, outside the
treasury and national banks, or
SIS per capita nearly.
I'VE will tabulate for our friend,
though our figures vary somewhat
and the total is not precisely the
same, though nearly so. He gives
the amount in Treasury to be taken
from the total of $2,048, 100000 as
$712,1S4,062 That represents the
coin to be taken out. To this should
be added as follows:
IN THE TREASURY.
Coin and bullion as
above ..................... $712,ooo,oo
Gold certiicates....... 1O6,OOO,OOO
Silver certifcates....... 100000
National Bank notes. 32,OOO,OOO
Legal Tender notes.. LA, 100000
Legal Tender certif-
Gates. 100000
Total withdrawn from
circulation. 81 900, 100000
Total currency mon
int hearinp) 01OO OOO 600
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-02-28

Total withdrawn from
circulation. .O3O. OOO. 900
Total currency mon
int. bearing). .... 2,1OO,OOO,OOO
Total withdrawn. 1,O3O,OOO.5OO
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-02-28

$712,OOO,OOO
1O6,0O0,OOO
$4,000,
. $4,000,
144,OOO,OOO
100000
The great West. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1889-18??, 1890-02-28

er. proof than the use OF Such terms
and secondly, and for a reason more
pertinent to the present discussion,
the rates fixed by the legislature, be-
ing by force of legislative declaration
lawful and reasonable, such act in no
way conflicts with any right that
could be claimed under such q char.
ter.
This Court has held that a right
conferred upon the board ofdirectors
to fix such rates as they might de.
termine, is no limitation upon the
power of the legislature to prescribe
q maximum rate.
Ruggles vs. Illinois,, 1O8 u s., $50
From an examination OF that case
it appears that in 1S49, the legisla.
ture enacted a law containing thef fol
lowing provision:
40. To regulate the time and
manner in which passengers and
property shall be transported, and
the tolls and compensation to be
paid therefor; but such compensa
tion for any passenger and his or
binary baggage shall not exceed
three cents a mile, unless by special
act OF the legislature, and shall be
subject to alteration as hereinafter
provided.
"*32. The legislature may, wher
any such railroad shall be opened TO,
use, from time to time, alter or re
duce the rates of toll, fare. freight, OF
other profits upon such road; but
the same shall not, without the con
sent of the corporation, be so Re
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16

Mrs K Mckenzie has taken the Fryer, Hotel at Casa Grande and has placed everything in first-class shape for guests. Rates very reasonable
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
THE EIGHT-HOUR LAW.
Declared Unconstitutional by the Sup
 preme Court of California.
Los Angeles Express.

LOS Angeles EADfeSS.
 City Attorney Mcfarland yesterday re- ceived notice that the Supreme Court had decided the eight-hour ordinance uncon- stitutional. The ordinance makes 1t misdemeanOr for any contractor on pub lie improvement to work his men more than eight hours per day, and clause to that effect Is inserted in all contracts. The matter was brought to an issue some months ago, by the arrest of Kuback who had the contract for one of the new school buildings. He was found guilty before the justices court, and fined $15. He took an appeal to the Superior Court, where the case was argued at some length by City Attorney Me Fariand, whose brief was printed at that time, and he was sus- tained by the Superior Court An appeal was then taken to the Supreme Court, where the case has since been pending.
 The following is the opinion of the Su- preme Court, as received yesterday:
 Ut is claimed in support of the petition that this ordinance twas unconstitutional and void We think this objection Is well taken. It Is simply an attempt to prevent certain parties from employing others in lawful business and paying them for their services, and IS direct infringement of the rights of such persons to make and en- force their contracts. If the services to be performed were unlawful or against pub lie policy, or the employment was sIch as might be unfit for certain persons, as for instance, females or infants, the ordinance might be upheld as a sanitary or police regulation but we cannot conceive of any theory upon which the city could be justiti- ed in making it misdemeanor for one of it's citizens to contract with another for services to be rendered because the con tract is that he shall work more than a linn ited number of hours per day. MT. Cooley in his work on Constitutional Limitations says:
 The general rule Is undoubtedly that ! any person is at liberty to pursue any law ful calling and to do so in his own way not { encroaching upon the rights of others. 1 Some employments, for example, may be admissible for males, and regulations rec ognizing the impropriety and forbidding E women engaging in them would be open | to no reasonable objection. The same Is 1 true of young children whose employment
 in mines and mapufaetories is commonly
 and ought always to be regulated. And
 some employments ill which integrity is
 of vital importance it may be proper to
 treat as privileges merely, and to refuse
 the license to purchase them to any who
 are not reputable"
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
Come in and secure your chance
 before it is too late.
DON'T WAIT TILL O-MORROW;; COME IN TO-DAY.
FLORENCE.
A Special Correspondent of the Citizen
 Gives His Opinions.
Corr. Tucson Citi

Corr. Tucson Citizen.
 Florence being the county seat of Pi- nal and one of its oldest towns in it we find tiourishing and prosperous con di- ton of affairs. A more thorough and cour- teous class of business and professional men cannot be found anywhere. I'm provements are constantly on hand and building is particularly active. Several new stores are going up besides many new residences and we also note with pleasure the magnificent court house now being erected under the supervision of Capt. Doran. Some $40,O00 will be spent on the building and 1t not only does great credit to the town and county but to the whole Territory of Arizona. The people of Florence can feel justly proud over the accomplishment of this work. Four whole squares besides two streets will be taken up by the buildings and grounds. Facing on Church St and being almost in the center of town it is convenient ly located. The principal business DOT ton of Florence is composed of the Pinal County Bank, six large general merchan- disc stores, twenty smaller merchandise stores, two large livery stables and sever al corrals, one frst-class hotel, several boarding houses where good board can be had at S6 per week, several fruit stores, two jewelry stores, one drug store, one book and stationery store, a free library, one weekly newspaper, THE ENTERPRISE, R. c. and G. w. Brown, props THE EN- TERPRIsE is one of the most influential papers in the Territory, and probably the most extensively quoted of any. A stage company office with Mr. Guild, a furniture store, several saloons, one ice company and two butcher shops.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
Republican Central Committee.
FLORENCE, Aug. g, 1890.

AONeh4-'SAa1 - -oSN'
 The Pinal County Republican Central Committee met at the court house, pur- suant to call, Geo. E. Evans in chair Members present: Chairman G. E. Evans, Secretary Charles Holborn, A. J. Doran, w. R. Stone, Thos. Buchanan and seven represented by proxy.
 The first business of the meeting was the completion of filling the membership of the committee. Joseph Cummings of Vekol was appointed in place of Henry Hardness, absent from the county; Perry M. Williams was appointed to represent Maricopa, and M. Traut for Jack Rabbit. Saturday, September 18th, was fixed as the day for holding primaries at the various precincts.
 Saturday, September 20th, was set as the date for holding the county conven- tion at Florence.
 The apportionment of delegates to said convention was made as follows:
 Florence II, Pinal l, Silver King 2, Riv- erside l, Casa Grande f, Dudleyville 3, Mammoth 3. American Flag l, Owl Heads l, Vekol l, Maricopa l, De Noon 2, Saca- ton 1, Jack Rabbit 1. Total s.
 The Chairman was empowered to ap- point inspectors for the primaries in the several precincts.
 The following named persons were ap- pointed delegates to the.Republican Ter ritorial conventions: A. J. Doran and w.. R. Stone to represent Florence; Charles Holborn, Owl Heads, J. M. Ochoa, Silver King and Pinal; Geo. R. Morse, Vekol and Maricopa; Hugh Chalmers, Casa Grande; T. ". Bates, Dudleyville and Riverside; E. ". Childs, Mammoth and American Flag.
 The meeting then adjourned subject to the call of the chairman.
 CHAs. HoLPoRN, Sec'y.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
Antiquity of Shoemalkinr.

The first sole protector or rudimentary shoe was the sandal, which consisted of 8 sole of some kind of skin CT of wood. held in place by straps and thongs. In all countries, ancient and modern, which have laid any claims to even the rudest kind of civilization, some kind of a GOV ering or protector for the feet has been recognized as a part and parcel of the wearing apparel. The thong fastened sandals of the Greeks and Egyptians were the shoes of Holy Writ In Egypt the materials used by the shoemaker were strips of the papyrus, the paper reed of the Nile. Woven strips of papy- rus made light and durable foot cover ing.
 As seen by paintings on the walls of Thebes, shoemaking formed distinct branch of trade in the time of the reign of Thothmes III, about ,495 years before Christ, or about the time of the flight of the Israeites. Foot coverings of the Ro- mans were both the highly ornamented sandal and the boot reaching to or above the knee.-St. Louis Republic.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
Good Sense.

Fine line of woolen overshirts, marked very low at Wildman & Co.'S.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
PRESCOTT.
A Substantial City With Solid Backing Some of the Topics "The Enter
 prise" Man Observed.

Prescott is the central point to which the northern country has looked with what united strength 1t has shown, as it's social, political and commercial metropo- lis. Its people have always shown strong faith in the vast mineral bodies of their mountains, but they could scarcely con leeture what has come to pass m the past few years. lt was long ago heralded abroad that immense bodies of fabulously rich ores were about being developed, aud yet they did not laaterialize; the ores would give out and, one after another, the prop critics would be abandoned or permitted to become idle. The best mines of that county to-day are those that were aban- doned after the ore apparently plnched out.
 Prescott was never before as prosperous as at the present time, and her merchants were never before enabled to carry larger and better stocks of goods. It Is good ey- idence of prosperoSs people when one sees everybody with money and none that are not we'll clad.
 There are many things the Prescott peo- pie should be thankful for, and one of the greatest of these is the legitimate business brought about by the mining interests. The removal of the capital that has always cursed the town having it and perverted She official acts of many legislature, is aneng these blessings The revenue it brought was small compared to the heavy i. toll for it's detention. The city realizes tthat it .is DO longer the capital and it's peo- vAie have goDe to work with will to de- yedop the great natural resources that have so long Iain dormant, and wonderful are tho results.
 The sHQQmer climate IS incomparable, aud one from the south ought surely to be a eompetantbudge upon this point
 No matter what differences exist upon personal or business matters, the people are united in maintaining the welfare of their city. This example IS worthy of emu lation by other towns in the Territory
 The city shipped in 1889, I,600,000 lbs flour, l,326,0O0 lbs. of barley and 450000 lbs. of hay. With railroad facilities this could be incurred fully twenty five per cent. irlle people, generally speaking, want roa.i l. and they care little which route it takes so it is built
 Ths feeling among the republicans strongly .favors harmony, and all are will ling to lay aside all personal differences for the sake of reaching that end. In any , event the mole will have to go to the rmountain, aud not the mountain to the lmole.
 The Courier and Journal Miner, edited EDy John H. Marion and J. c. Martin re- Syssntively, are prosperous newspapers and do nca require the rustling propensities of theiv iasn2red further south.
 United States Attorney H. +. Jeffords ls still codhne9 to his bed. Occasionally he Is able tD .sit Rp. and will likely return to his home h afey weeks if he continues tq1mprove.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
Japanese Politeness.

The poiteness of the Japanese has long been proyerbial. Whoever comes in con tact with them anywhere speaks of their gentle manners, and in their own coun- try this trait is much more marked than when one meets them as isolated indiyid- uals away from home. An American traveller in Japan tells story bearing upon this point.
 This American was from Ohio; he was captain of a gunboat, and though brave and efficient officer, he was somewhat noted for his sense of his own import ance.
 He had put in at a Japanese port, and with his officers had been most politely received by the Japanese authorities. As the Americans proceeded with their es- cort through the town the young cap tain was very much pleased to see that every one whom they met bowed pro- foundly; but what was the soft, three syllabled word that they uttered with this graceful salute?
 The captain did not understand the Japanese language or Japanese urbanity. He did not know that it was the custom of the people whenever they passed . stranger to salute him with an inclina- tion of the head. Nor did he know that the Japanese "How do you do?' or "How are you?' is contained in one word, ''Ohaye," the pronunciation being, as nearly as possible, O-y-yo.
 Presently one of these polite Japanese townspeople happened to speak louder than the others, and our captain re- ceived, as he thought, sudden illumi- nation. With flush of qualification he turned to one of his officers and whis- pere9: "How in the world did they hap pen to know that came from Ohio?"- Youths Companion.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
The Normal School.
Femme News.


 The next session of the territorial Nor nal school at this place will open on the first of September, and preparation are be- ing made by the directors and principal of the school to place that institution upon a much higher educational plane than 1t has heretofore occupied.
 A thorough course of instruction has been prepared, embracing theoretical and practical pedagogy, the natural sciences and English, and giving especial attention to thorough work Ill every branch taken up The primary object of the Normal school is understood to be the training of teachers for the pubic schools of Arizona.
 This will be kept in mind and all studies arranged to that end In order that a practical demonstration of the work shall be had, it is proposed to attach to the Normal training school in which shall be accepted pupils of the intermediate grades of the common school. Work ln this training department Is to be Obhga- | tory for the members of the senior class, who shall teach under the supervision of | the professors.
 The efficiency of the Normal will be also much improved by the changes now being made in the building and the grounds | Two recitation rooms are being retitted anu d HpIdty Has DeeH 5cU dpdrI WHoIolL in suitable cases, will be kept the philo sophical and chemical apparatus and 8 large number of necessary books and ref erences recently purchased. In no manner will the school be cramped for the neeC of any of the modern educational facili ties.
 There will be no lack of suitable accom- modations for,students, as the secretary O the board now has the names of persona who are willing to take, in all, thirt. boarders at about $20 per month
 We are informed that quite a number O young men and women of Phoenix, among whom are several experienced teachers have signifed their intention of attending the next session and a large number o students may be expected from all part of the territory.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
Religious Education.
American Sentinel


 Referring to the fact that the Govern ment has been for years granting money to various denominations for the educa- tion of certain Indians, the World asks What business has the United States to engage in religious proselyting of the Indians, when its policy towards them for hundred years has been robbery and extinction?" Only one answer can be given. namely, that the United States has no business whatever to engage in any such work If the Government had let the religious education of the Indians alone altogether, it is highly probable that they would have received more and better religious instruction than they have received. In that case, men and women having a genuine missionary spirit would have labored from love of souls, instead of love for Uncle Sam's dollars. The greatest service that civil government can possibly do genuine Christianity, Is to let religious instruction and religious question severely alone.
Arizona weekly enterprise., 1890-08-16
Primary Election Rules.
Chapter IT, on Primary Elections

Chapter l7, on Primary Elections.
 Par. 1754 (Sec. D, Any committee or body authorized by the rules or customs of voluntary political associations,or or ganizations to call elections of, or such associations or organizations for any pur- pose, may, by resolution adopted at the time of the call, elect to have such cleo tions conducted in accordance with the rules prescribed ill chapter VI, sections 3, 4. 3, 6, and of chapter VII, sections 2, 8, and of chapter VIII. chapter TX, sec tions l2, 13, A. 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22 B and 24 of chapter X, sections l, 4, 6. 2, s, 9, To-, II, l2, 13, 14, b, l6, IF, IS and 19 of chap ter XI, and sections l, 2, 3, 4, ,, 6, ', 8, 9 and 10 of Chapter XII of this act
 Par 1853 lSec. 2l The resolution must declare:-
 1. The time and place of holding cleo tion and hours between which the polls are to be kept open.
 2. The names of the persons to consti- ute the election board.
 B. The objection.
 f. That such election will be held un- der the provisions of the election law.
 D. The time and manner of the publi- cation of notice of such election.
 6. The qualifications required for vot- CTS III diultloH JO those pfeSclDed by law.
 Par. l754 ISec 3. The notice of cleo tion must be signed by the secretary of the committee or body, and must be publish ed as directed ill the resolution
 Par. l755 [Sec, 4. In addition to the challenges allowed by law any person of fering to vote at such election may be chal- lenged upon the grounds that he does not possess the other qualifications prescribed in the resolution, and such challenges must be determined by the board of cleo tion, who to that end may administer an oath to such person. and may ask them any question tending to prove or disprove the challenge.
 Par 1756 lSec. 5, None but persons who have qualifications prescribed by law and by the resolution must vote or partic- ipate in any of the proceedings of such cleo :. ton.
 Par. 1760 ISec. 6( All the provisions of title ", Part l, of the Penal Code, and all of the provisions referred to in the first section of this chapter are applicable to elections held under the provisions of this chapter from and after the last pub hcation of the notice mentioned in sec tion three of this chapter.