davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning call., 1890-12-25

one that holds the diamond to be cleayen, he
rests them at the middle on box which is
nrmly screwed down to his table, thus FORM
ing sort Of lever, and then he rubs the two.
one against the other. until the sharp stone
has made notch in the other He uses three
blades, one after the other, in this way, the
first to make groove, the second to regular
ize it. and the third to finish it off in neat
and distinct manner. Then holding with his
lett hand the baton on which Is the stone 10
be split and at the same time steel knife.
the edge OF which is fixed in the thread"
he hits good straight blow on the back of
this knife with small iron bar, and the dia-
mond is separated just where it was intended
to be beforehand. This cleavage" as it is
called. is not always necessary; still, lapi-
take from the crystal its defective particles.
or to give it convenient shape for after
operations
Cleavcd diamonds, or those still in their
crude shape that have no need of under
going this operation, pass to the ''brutage."
that Is to say, to receive shape or form, and
which in the trade Is called ''ebauche."
Two crystals are firmly fixed on piece Of
wood. and then they are rubbed against each
other until they both assume the required
FORM. This operation goes on over box
called an ''egriSOir," because it receives the
diamond power which is termed 'egrisee"
In French, and which is produced by the re-
clprocal wearing away of the two gems
The diamonds are now out of "brutage,"
but they are still without brilliancy, so 1t is
necessary to polish them. and this is how
the process is carried on. A mixture of lead
and tin is poured into leather mold, and
the stone is placed on top of this metal &C.
ment, which ''coQuille." as it is called. is
then squeezed into a kind of steel pincers
and placed by the polisher on wheel or
steel milestone having rotatiye movement,
but in such manner that the side of the
diamond alone touches it. The speed of
this wheel is about 2200 turns in minute,
and it Is covered with diamond dust. When
one face has been polished the next face is
proceeded with, and so on. The man who
does this work must be very skillful aud
have good deal of taste and mathematical
precision; he must know how to find the
thread OF the stone, as otherwise it would
only make a furrow on the mill wheel.
Diamonds have different shapes or forms,
but the two principal ones are known as the
" Rose" and the Brilliant"
The former applies to small, fat gems,
and there are rose" diamonds SO light
that 1000 of them do not weigh more than
single carat.
A brilliant must be stone of GER
tain thickness. 1t comprises main exte-
rior, known as the "table," and lower
part called the "culasse," and sixty-fOur
loZenges, or triangular facets, must be cut
between these two faces. The thirty-two
upper facets constitute the "crOwn," the
other thirty-two form the pavilion" Little
brilliants have liable" and "culasse."
but they bear fewer facets than the brill
liant, properly SO called. There ara other
forms for brilliants, as for instance the ''re-
The morning call., 1890-12-25

value to commerce. There cannot be any
serious doubts as to. the possibility of pro-
ducing diamonds artifcialiy, but uD TO the
present no really practical means have been
found of making them respond to the neces-
sites of trade in the two continents.
The value OF diamonds does not generally
undergo abrupt fluctuations except under
extraordinary circumstances. In 1856, when
the mines OF Bahia were discovered. the1e
was panic, and their value went down in
remarkable manner. Since then. how
ever, their value has never ceased to 60 on
increasing regularly.
Diamonds are sold by weight, and the
unity of weight Is the carat, so called from
the name OF bean with which natives of
the East Indies used formerly to weigh
thei7 gold. The carat Is divided into one
half, one-fourth, one-eighth, one-sixteenth.
one-thirty-second and one-sixty- fourth part
OF carat, and the jewelers. scales contain
from 1000 carais down to the lowest OF tho
preceding fractions. When a merchant
weighs diamond he holds the scales in his
The morning call., 1890-12-25

stork The solemn vow is made, when
two-moutbed vase, ornamented with bright
bands, is filled by one of the butterflies, WIN
then hands it to another, who in turn offers
it to the lips of the kneeling couple, the
man drinking first. This is symbolic of
their first drink of mortal bliss and pledge
and promise that they will henceforth par
take equally of the bitter aud sweet of
coming years.
There is one style of wedding that must
not ba omitted. Who has not heard of
Gretna Green, the haven of safety to which
has fed so many love-orn, prosecuted but
determined couples. Gretna Green was, or
rather is. a border town on the boundary of
England and Scotland. John Paisley was a
blacksmith and Justice of the Peace, by
virtue of which latter Office he was duly en-
powered to marry any couples who pre-
scented themselves. The knot was tied at
lightning speed, and very often the question
of its being tied at ali depended upon the
speed and bottom OF the horses used by the
pursuing and pursued.
AS a matter Of course there are many
other forms of ceremonies with reference
The morning call., 1890-12-25

scene, on one occasion. is represented in
Tenier's celebrated example, in which the
peasant women are dressed characteristic
ally in full, white waists and short aproned
skirts, and loose coats, short trousers, long
stockings and wooden shoes for the men. In
the picture the happy couple are dancing
oreaRdow VI ,S whIis Inc wead ., a guests LOOK
ing time with their heads to the rhythmic
humping Of the brides clogs. Everything
in the picture is essentially Dutch.
The festvity attendant upon Japanese
wedding is creation. Fancy colored silks.
rich draperies Of every hue. all heavily em-
The morning call., 1890-12-25
MOST PRECIOUS
OF ALL GEMS.
An Instructive Sketch About All
Sorts of Diamonds.
The Manner in Which the Valuable Stones Are
Cut, Split, Shaped and Po.ished-value
Of Gems-Aow Determined.

III HAVE been looking into the diamond
cutting establishments Of this great city,
lS writes Henry Haynie to the Herald of
Boston from Paris. This is an art that Louis
de Berquem of Bruees discovered toward the
close of the fifteenth century, and he gave
to his invention all the full extent and I'M
pro vement of which it is capable.
He and his companions turned out good
pupils, and diamond-cutting became a pros
porous industry, at Antwerp especially.
To-day that city has fifteen diamond-cut-
ting factories, with perhaps 1000 lapidaries
and as many apprentices.
Louis de Berquem also took his art to
Amsterdam. That town was then the lead
ing market in Europe for precious stones, as
it now is the center of the world for dia-
mond-cutting. 1t is estimated that there are
The morning call., 1890-12-25

by her most intimate female friend, fol-
lowed beneath the canopy, where amid
would walk three times around the groom.
This done, the two together. would make
the circuit of the Enclosure to receive the
congratulations of their friends. The
right hand, and facing north, they would
await the coming of the Rabbi. AS this
functionary stepped within the circle, he
would throw over both the marriage wrap
per of the groom, and joining their hands:
would bless cup of wine, which each of
the pair would touch with the lips. The
The morning call., 1890-12-25
CLEKGYMEN's SALARIES.


A. Illustrated by Prominent Examples
in New York and Brooklyn.
DR.. Morgan Dix, rector Of Old Trinity,
has $4,000. His assistant has $1,000. Of
the chapels belonging to the parish, Trinity
Chapel paid 5000 to tho late DIR. Swope,
and the assistants In charge of the others
have $40CO DIR. Huntington, rector of
Grace Church, has $751; and house,
whose RENAL is worth at least 5000 more.
st. bartholomew pays $4,000 to its rector.
DR.. Greer, who. being wealthy. retains moth
ing for himself DR.. Brown Of ST. Thomas
receives $4,000. DR.. Rainsford Of st.
Georges has $4,000, and. being well to do,
gives it all away. A dozen other Episcopal
parishes in the city pay from $4,000 to 5000
year. The Bishop receives $4,000.
Among the Presbyterians, DR.. John Hall
draws $i3. 500; DIR. Paxton receives Sc, 500;
DR.. Parkhurst, 5000; DR.. Taylor gets the
equivalent Of $4,000. Rev. Robert Collyer.
Unitarian, has $4,000. The pastor Of the
largest Methodist Church has $1,000 and par
sOnage; the Methodist Bishop also has
$4,000. In Brooklyn DIR. Talmage receives
S12, 900, and makes almost as much again
nut Of his lectures, books and newspaper
pay; DR.. Abbott, $S00O. In DR.. Paxton's
choir one soprano singer receives at least
$400O.-N. Y. Saturday Review.
The morning call., 1890-12-25

stones weighing leo carats and under.
Above that slimit it is necessary to arrange
the equation by another factor, an this IS
altogether arbitrary. The Regent, the best
of all of the French crown diamonds that
were dispersed two or three years ago. is
estimated as being worth in the neighbor-
hood Of S2.5o0,000; but il weighed and
valued by ordinary calculation 1t would sell
for only about S720 900.
The only natural diamonds that are sold
not to be cut or pulverized are those known
rs GLACIERS diamonds. They are very small
stones, have convex faces and pended edges,
the apexeS of which are distinctly visible.
These diamonds can cut glass, but dia-
nonds the edges of which are rectilinear
will only scratch it. Glaciers dia-
mopds are sold at from s12 to SIS
the carat Certain diamonds which
in natural crude state are in a
spheroidal form, and which do not possess
any cleavage" cannot be cut and are pull
verified to make diamond dust There are
also morpheus diamonds that are completely
Opaque, and are of steel gray or slightly red
dish black, ard these are called carbonic
diamonds, carbon or carbonate. Besides
diamond dust, tools are made out of them,
with the aid of which rocks, against which
the finest tempered steel has had the edge
taken off, are split aud polished. As for
black diamonds, worth from 81 to SIS per
carat, they are used with success in the
mechanical perforation OF rocks, the boring
The morning call., 1890-12-25

Written for THE MORNING CALL.
- HREE pilgrims met meath the oak tree old
A0 Courageous of heart, of spirit bold;
NJ (The wind in the tree made moan),
And up aloft in the azure sky
A star cleaned like the plying eye
OF the angel near the throne.
Oh. they had come on a strange, wild quest
To the mystic forest In the West;
tThe wind through the tree blew chilly;
They had journeyed far ana jonrneyed long,
Ger hill aud DER dale. with jest and song,
Their pilgrimage to fulfill.
For meath the shade OF the oak tree old
crwas thus that the ancient legends told),
II brave-heaytediy one stood.
He should see, ere light OF morning broke,
Before the flush of thu dawn awoke.
The guardian Of the wood.
And he who beheld this spirit grim,
Might ask and should gain a gift from him
(The wind through the tree blew child;
Whether he would or II he would not,
The gift was his who stood in this spot:
Ay, cen gainst the wizards will.
These pilgrims stood in the forest dim.
Waiting in silence the warden grim,
Crhe wind in the tree made moan,
And up aloft in the azure sky
star cleaned like the plying eye
OF the angel near the throne.
Lo! forth from out the shadowy gloom
The wizards ominous form doth loom.
(The wind through the tree blew chii).
" Ye mortal born" SO In wrath he spake,
What seek we here that ye dare TO break
My rest with your voices shrill?"
Then one stepped forth of the pilgrims three;
80. most kind spirit, we ask OF thee"
tThe wind through the boughs blew chilD,
AS here we stand meath the mystic oak,
By whose potent spell thy aid we invoke,
A wish OF ours to fufl9
As he scanned their faces long and keen
(The wind In the tree made moan)
IT'S wel' he said" meath the oak-Ieaves shade
forestspirit slave is made:
Make your idle wishes known"
Then said the first: " Ny plea is for gold;
All things for 1t are battered and sold :"
(rhe wind through the tree blew chiD,
a The coin that the miser boards in stealth.
The earth's great motor-its iever-weaith.
ipray thee my wish fulflip'
Stepped forth the second: 81 ask for more;
Little care for the giistning ore :"
(The wind in the tree made moan),
" Grant me. spirit. greater DOVER
The scepter strong OF sovereign power.
And firm foothod on thrones ~
Then spoke the last OF the pilgrims three:
1 ask yet noble gift of thee 4"
tThe wind through the boughs blew chilD,
Fen more than wealth or power claim:
o, crown my brows with the wreath OF fame,
And my soui's wild longing still"
On the wizards face knocking smile
Seemed both choice and choosers to reye
(The wind In the tree made moan).
Be it So" he said In voice of scorn,
Go forth, poor fools. your world to adornl
These banbles shall be your ownr
Forth from the shade OF the forest dim,
From the presence OF Its warden grim
They strobe without doubt or fears:
The morning call., 1890-12-25

to the connubial contract, but these are pos
sibly the most striking Christendom is
now busily engaged in formulating mar
rage laws whereby a marriage valid when
contracted shall be valid the world over.
The lack of such a law has occasioned some
unpleasant complications.
The morning call., 1890-12-25

partly upon their religious belief. or, as the
case may be, their lack of it. The lowest
The morning call., 1890-12-25

groom would then slip the wedding ring-a
plain gold band-on the finger of his wife,
and the Rabbi would read the marriage set
Element. Again the wine was blessed, and
the seven benedictions" would be read.
This concluded, the groom would raise the
The morning call., 1890-12-25

English church were strictly adhered to,
while the wondering sayages, standing
around and gazing curiously at the cere-
mony, formed picture that has found its
way on many canvas.
The morning call., 1890-12-25
TIE uss1AN WEDDING.

she passed over the threshold she passed be-
tween two youths, while third led the
way. carrying lighted torch. just within
the door she seated herself on sheepskin,
SHpon doing which her husband would pre-
sent her with the key of the domicile and the
ceremony was completed.
The Jewish wedding was picturesque
affair, the costumes being simply gorgeous.
The morning call., 1890-12-25
HOW SOME BRIDES
were OBTAINED.
Marriage Customs Prevailing in
Different Countries and
Times.
FROM SAVAGE TO CIVILIZED.
FROM SAVAGE TO CIVILIZED.
Capturing Wife by the Barbarians.
Sold at Auction = Babylonian,
Roman, Jewish, Russian, Indian,
Dutch and Japanese Weddings.
Scenes DeIineating Various
Bridal Ceremonies.

ARRIAGE. in all Chris
tan countries recognized
as the highest degree of
relationships and by many
regarded as a sacrament,
is celebrated by different
ceremonials. depending
parflv npop fha ,,1ooa 80
The morning call., 1890-12-25
THE GIFTS.

Written for THE Morn ING CALL.
~ HREE pilgrims met meath the oak tree old,
III Courageous OF heart, of spirit bold;
~ (The wind in the tree made moan),
And up aloft in the azure sky
A star CLEANED like the plying eye
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05
MLq KINDS OF q PAL WANTED I

BUILDING ROCK Ar ns aSARsI OR
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05

ST. LOUIS, May 3.-The new st
Louis Merchants Bridge Was form
ally. opened toiay with imposing
ceremonies. The river was dotted
with craft Of all kinds, while the
bank was lined with thousands OF
people A special train, bearing
Governor Francis Of Missouri and
staff, Secretary Of the interior
Noble, officers Of the Merchants
Bridge and Terminal Railway Com.
pany and invited guests, was met in
the centre OF the bridge this after.
nOou by another train beaing Gov
ernor FIfer Of Illinois and his staff,
and many prominent lllinoisans.
The two governors met and clasped
hands on the centre span, amid the
plaudits of the on-lookers, the
screaming Of whistles ard the boom
ing of cannon. The special trains
then crossed to the Missouri side,
where addresses were made by Gov
ernors Francis and Fifer, congratu-
lating the respective States upon the
new link which bound them more
closely together. Following the
ceremonies at the bridge came a
grand parade. Tonight a banquet
was held at the Lindell Hotel.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05

WASHINGTON, May "A num-
Der Of matters Of general importance
have been assigned for considera-
ton in the Senate this week. The
bill for the admission OF Idaho an d
wyoming are unfinished business
until "Wednesday, when Jones' sill
yer bill will be the special order. IL
action on this is demanded, the adj
mission bills are likely TO go over.
Two things may prevent consider
alton Of the silver bill-the caucus
to be held before Wednesday, or the
reporting Of the army and pension
bills-so the silver question may go
over.
The Dingley worsted cloths bill IS
also likely TO come up,and the death
of Senator Beck will Gisarrange the
programme by causing an adjourn
ment tomorrow. His death VIII
also disarrange proceedings in the
House, rs an adjournment OF that
body is expected on the receipt OF
an official notice from the Senate.
This will retard the river and har-
Dor bill, the managers OF which
expected to push it through to-
morrow under n suspension Of the
rules.
The tariff bill, according TO the
programme, will be taken up on
Tuesday. General debate will be
gin at once and is expected to con-
sumo at least one week, after which
the bill will be discussed by sec
tons and subjected to amendment
in detail.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05
AN IMPOSING CEREMONY AT
N-r- ST. LOUIS. t-.
The Sudden Death at Washington
Of Senator Beck, Of Ken
tueky.
REPUBLICAN, CAUCUS COMMIT.
.fii TEE ON SILVER.
Representative McC0mas' Bill TO
Put Stop TO Jerryman-
dering.
By Telegraph to the SEws.l
SENATE AND HOUSE.
Two Important Bills Reported In
the Former Chamber.

the Former Chamber.
WASHINGTON, May Sin the
Senate, Frye, from the committee on
commerce, reported two important
bills, the first TO place the American
merchant marine, engaged in the
foreign trade, on an equality with
other nations This, he proceeded
to say, was the bill known as the
shipping league tonnage bill. Ship
ping leagues extend along the Gulf,
Atlantic and Pacific Coasts and the
lakes. Ii had been reported 10 the
House from the committee on mer-
chant marine and the Senate com
mittee on commerce had adopted it
with but few amendments. Ii is re-
ported as an original bill. The cost
OF this bill, according TO the Com
missioner of Navigation, will prob
ably be, for the first year, between
three and three and a half million
dollars and would increase, in his
opinion. within six years, to five or
six million dollars. The bill, he
said, would save the people Of the
United States many millions for
every million it would cost. He
also reported n bill 10 provide for
mail service between the United
States and foreign states and to
promote commerce. 1t was an origi-
nal bill.
Frye continued: 81 have n right
TO say that If this bill becomes n law
a line of the best ships i'm the whole
world, American built, will I've put
on within three years between New
York and Liverpool. l have the
right to say, further, that know n
line Of
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05

ERIE, Pa, May 3.-The western
part of Crawford County is in
high state of excitement over
the sequel TO a boycott directed
against Postmaster John Roberts at
Rundells. The postoflice had been
transferred from John Cooper,
who kept the office in his store,
to Roberts store. Cooper and
his friends organized a boycott
against the postofiice. Cooper's son
carried the mail for large number
Of the patrons OF the Office TO his
fathers store, and IL was there dis
tributed in the old boxes COoper's
friends also deposited their mail at
his place and he carried il TO the
nearest railroad station. Informa-
ton was made against Cooper for
maintaining an office without
authority and for being party to
a boycott and he was brought here
tonight by the United States Mar
shall. All the parties are well con-
nected.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05
ACarbsnafe Findi.

ST. PAUL, May "A Great Falls,
Mont, special; Reports from Barker
confirm the news Of great find Of
carbonates and galena in the May
and Edna mine, and also in mines
which have been christened the
America and Columbia. The dis
covery produced a pronounced
sensation, and the workmen on the
Great Falls extension of the Great
Northern Railway line and miners
from other sections are taking out
claims on the new treasure belt.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05
Lady Medical students.

BALTIMORE, May 4.-Through
the efforts OF AIrs. Mary Garrett and
other influential ladies in this city,
a movement has been inaugurated
looking 10 the admission Of women
TO the John Hopkins University
School OF Medicine. They. offered
SIOO, 600 TO the trustees on condition
that they receive women on the same
footing as men, provided they had
the necessary training and medical
education required Of the other sex.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05

LITTLE Rock, Ark, May 4.-The
proceedings Of the Clayton Brcckin-
ridge committee yesterday Were
very sensational. James Slater, the
man supposed TO have discovered
the murderer Of Clayton, told about
the same story, duplicating Thomas
Hooper rs the murderer, that was
contained in the report telegraphed
from Los Angeles. Tonight James
Hooper corrobcrated much Of the
evidence given by Slater.
During Mrs. Hooper's examina-
ton she denied ever having heard
of or met Slater. This afternoon her
son, in the presence Of Gov. Eagle
and others, met Slater and called
him by name.
They conversed some time about
their acquaintance in Los Angeles,
where the Hoopers and Skaters had
lived in the came house.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05

ST. PAUL, May 4.-Snow fell herr
today to the depth Of an inch oil
more, but it soon melted Reports
tonight indicate that the snow
storm was general throughout the
northwest, from La Crosse, Wis,
to jamestown, y. D., the storm ex-
tended and reached TO the lake on
the north. This snowfall is gene
rally regarded as favorable to bis
crops, late SHOWS in former year'
having been invariably followed by
Zig Yields.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05
Closed Down

CHICAGO, May "A special tC
the Tunes from Helena, Mont,
says: 'sThe Helena and Livingstone
Smelling Company, located at Fast
Helena, and the Great Falls snieltel
have closed down. The cause Ofthe
suspension is difficult to get at, but
from what can be learned the CHIEF
factor in the closing down is the ex-
brilliant freight rates ON ore TO this
point as compared with rates To Oma-
Ia and other Eastern smelling
POINTS.
Deseret evening news. [volume] (Great Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1867-1920, 1890-05-05
rar,ncr.. AIIiance trouble.

NEW ORLEANS, May i.-Tht
PiclJuHc's Austin. Texas, special
says: The Farmers Alliance Oi
Texas is i'm trouble, and some sensa-
tional developments are rumored
In 1857 the leaders organized al
Dallas as an exchange, with CAPT
tai of-half a million, the stock being
taken by subordinate lodges. The
exchange lasted about two years,
during which time, 1t is alleged,
nearly a quarter Of million dollars
were squandered, end there is noth-
ing To show for it but about forty
thousand dollars worth Of property
The farmers who contributed thu
money are anxious to have an in
vestigatiOn, and will institute pro
ceedings to recover certain property
in Dallas now occupied as an ALI
ance and commercial agency.