davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
AMONG THE ALLIANCES.
What the Organization is Doing
Throughout the Country.

What the Organization is Doing
Throughout the Country.
The Rowan county Farmers Ali
ance will hold a fair in Salisbury.
Buncombe county Alliance has es
tablished a canning factory with "a
capacity of 1000 cans a day.
An Alliance fertilizer factory is
talked of by the farmers of Rowan
county. 1t probably will be built this
fall.
The Press and CarOlin6an speaks in
high terms of the great Alliance pic
mic at Penelope Academy, Burke
county, last week.
The Demorest correspondent of the
Toccoa, Ca, News writes that the
Alliance men of that place are " hust-
lers." They are going to build ahouse
25x60, two stories with a basement.
First story and basement for a store
and second story for an Alliance hall.
The Americas, Ca, Recorder reports
that the Alliance Cotton Factory enter
prise is moving ahead all right, and a
charter will be applied for this week.
The stock is nearly all taken and the
organization of the comp Any will soon
be perfec Ted, and then the site for the
factory selected.
The Record, of Villa RIGA, Ga, APP,
peals to the Alliance men of HARRISON,
Douglas, Carroll and other contiguous
counties to join Paulding county in
the election Of a cotton seed oil mill
and guano factory at Villa Rica, the
citizens of the place being ready to
donate the land needed.
The Jackson County Alliance has
decided to establish a cotton seed oil
mill as soon as the stock can be taken.
Maysville, Harmony Grove and Mich
olson are the points now being con.
sidered, but the Herald, of Jefferson,
Ca, favors Hurricane Shoals as the
best place for an oil mill.
Big Springs Alliance, in Cherokee
county, Ca, voted to expel any mem
Der who did not pay for his fertilizers
II ne was dDl0 81 W w. OGO1 l.
Edwards having refused to pay for
his, claiming that it was worthless,
thereby throwing the cost upon his
Alliance, he was promptly expelled.
We learn from the Asheville, N.
c., Democrat that the outfit for the
Buncombe County Alliance canning
factory has arrived, and operations
will commence as soon as tomatoes
and fruits are ripe enough to be canned.
The factory will be located at Reeds
mills, on the Swannanos river, three
mills above Biltmore.
Hon. W. A. B. Branch, of Beaufort
county, and Mr.. 5. M. Alexander,
County Alliance Lecturer, of Halifax
county, and father of our townsman,
Edmund Alexander, Esq, have been
invited to address the Convention of
Farmers Alliances to be- held at
Mackey's Ferry, Washington county,
July lst, I'd and 3rd- Washington
PTOQTeSS.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
s~LEEPING-CAR SERVICE.

On trains so and 81, Pullman Buffet
Sleeper between Atlanta and New York,
Danville and Augusta, and Greensboro,
via Asheville to n orristown, Tenn.
On 50 and So, Pullman Buffet Sleeper
between Washington and New Orleans,
via Montgomery, and between Washing
ton and Birmingham, Richmond and
Greensboro, Raleigh and Greensboro, and
between Washington and Augusta and
Pullman Buffet Sleepers between Wash
ington and Asheville and Hot Springs.
Sol HAAS, W. A. TURK, JAS. L. TAYLOR,
Traffic Man. Div as .Agt. Gen. Pass. Agt.
RALEIGH, N. @.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
BUSINESS AGENCY FUND ROBE
SON COUNTY.

Mr.. EDITOR Bro. A. J.. Mcleod in
your last issue calls attention to careless
ness on my part in making up a list of
the Alliances which have contributed over
one hundred dollars each to the fund, in
which l omitted the Alliances of Robe
son county. I will have to thank him
for doing so, as I have to plead guilty, al
though I assure the brethren it was not
intentional. The following is a list of
the Alliances in Robson which should
have been included in the list given:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
ROWAN GRANITE WORKS.
Mill Stones
Mill Stones I!

The undersigned will sell you mill stones GU
b,st grits for mil stones. 1t is a hard and very
sharp ertr. Tne late E. E. Phillips. the great mill
man or Rowan county, cut mill stones for fifteen
or twenty years out of this well-known aud pOpu-
lar grit. We will furnish stones with burrows cut,
ready TO put up anO run, also without fur ow. We
guarantee this grit 10 be one of The best for mill
stones We will furnish any design of granite
work, from a cornerstone TO foundation stones,
10 go under Il nne-thOusand horsepower engine.
ROck-bo t m Prices Don't bUv befO,e Won
write 9s for car best terms.
Special prices to our brothers in the Alliance
Have yonr lt tiers st4mf ell with seal, or sigut d BY
your brother or Secrt t4Ty.
FISHEr, SHIPPING d ICHIE
Ck-bOx 149, Salisbury, \. c.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
RATES FIFE REVIVALISTMEET-
ING, FAYET TEVILLE.

The Richmond and DanviIe Railroad
will sci. parties attending the Fife revival
ist meeting at Fayetteville, N. c., round
trip tickets to that point and return June
Sd and 4th, good returning until and in
Guiding June eth, 1890, at the following
rates from points named:
From Raleigh, $40
Goldsbo1o, $50
Rates from intermediate points in same
proportion. w. A. TURK, D. P. A.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
Index to New Advertisements.

The penitentiary authorities want large
quantities of rye straw, not threshed.
Mayo & Durham, land agents, Brown
wood, Texas, have information for you.
Read their ad.
The Leaksville Wooden Mills tell of
some Of the good things they manufac-
ture.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
TO AGENTS.

RALEIGH, N. c., May "a, 1890
am now prepared to supply groceries
in whole packages ONLY at lowest whole
sale prices. The tone of the market is
strong and advancing. Corn and sugar
is hi her.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
WANTED.

Parties having Early Orange Sugar
Cane seed to sell will find sale for same by
writing to this Office, stating quantity to
sell and price.
W. II. WORTH, S. B. A.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
NORTH CAROLINA MUSICAL
FESTIVAL. CHAR
LOTTE, N. c.

The Richmond and DanvilIe Railroad
will sell parties attending the North Car
DINA Musi al Festival, Charlotte, N. c.,
round trip tickets to that point and re-
turn at the following rates from points
named
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03

My daughter vas greatly troubled with Scroll
ma, and, at one time, it was feared she woulO lose
her light. Ayers Sarsaparilla has completely
restored her health, and her eyes are as we'll as
yer. with not a trace of scr fUla in her SYSTEM
G.. King, Killingly. Conn.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03

W. A. GRAHAM, Trustee.
P. S.-Alliances that have corrections
to suggest in circular read at last County
Alliance, will please do so at once.
W. A. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
CAPTAIN DARDEN'S APPOINT
MENTS.

The agency Will always keep posted
and buy in the best markets at lowest
prices on the day the order is placed.
w. Fl. WORTH, State Agent.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03
Wanted.

Large quantities of Rye Straw, not
threshed. Apply to N. G. State Peniten-
tiary.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03

Hates from intermediate points IN Same
proportion.
WAKE FOREST COLLEGE COM
M~ENCEMENT.
The Richmond and Da0vilIe Railroad
will sell low-rate round-trip tickets to
Raleigh or Henderson, N. c., for parties
attending Wake Forest College com
mencement June 18th to 18th, inclusive,
good returning until and including June
18th, 1890.
w. A. TURK, D. P. A.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03

only in car loads from Richmond.
No discounts on above prices.
In ordering be careful to state what depot goods
are to be shipped to and be sure to give ma ne of
your p~ostOfice as it is VERY important.
Please cOndense your correspondence for l am
run over with business. Please have orders and
letters on different paper.
Yours fraternallv,
W. II. WORTH, S. B. A.
9g- Seas delivered for 1925. Trade cards, Csc.
per 100.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1890-06-03

BETWEEN WEST POINT, RICHMoN AND RALEIGH.
Via KeysvilIe, Oxford, and Durham.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12

potash The most malic acid was found
when no fertilizer was applied. No differ
ence could be perceived in the appearance
OF the fruit, but it ripens several days
earlier after the superphosphate than
after the nitrate OF soda, while sulphate
of ammonia caused still later ripening.
The color of the foliage was strongly
affected. Superphosphate scarcely
changed the color, but nitrate of soda
gave a'stronger growth and darker green
to the leaves, and the contrast was still
greater with the sulphate of ammonia.
Both decreased the quantity of fruit.
Potash seemed to have no effect
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12
Hexagonal Form for Groves.
Lake Brantley, Florida.

Hexagonal form for groves is far pref
cradle to the square form, as it econo-
mics ground and gives about twenty
per cent. more trees on given space. 1t
is simple arrangement of hexagons,
one tree at each angle and q seventh in
the middle or centre. This order of set
ting trees can be repeated indefinitely, so
as to form regular groups with rows run
ming in various directions. Thus you
have circle OF six trees around each tree
in your grove, commencing with the trees
one row from the outside of the grove all
around, and every tree at an exact dis
tance apart.
To set stakes for a grove of the hexa-
gonal form, draw straight line for your
base across the longest way OF your land
for the first row, setting your stakes at
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12

NOW, and the weed in that tender stage.
which causes it to cure with the leaf, the
latter adhering to the stalk; making q
bountiful supply of fodder off of four
acres to feed eight head of horses through
the season. The second growth of the
weed he uses as a fertilizer for the soil
and the trees. This he allows to fully
mature and ripen, when, with heavy
drag chain, it is plowed under. supplying
that much needed chemical ingredient
to the tree: potash, thus accounting for
the thrifty and prosperous growth of his
trees, since the soil is rich in phosphate
and lime.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12

the distance you wish to set your trees.
Then with tape line describe an arc
from the corner stake in the direction
your next row is to stand, and of the ex-
Then with the line describe an arc from
the next stake, of same length, in tersect-
ing the first arc. The point of intersec-
ton will show where the stake is to be
set. Proceed in the same manner, de-
scribing arcs, until your stakes are all
set.
A very good method of setting trees in
exact position, is to make what is known
as FIREPLACE" Take q straight-edged
board eight feet long, six inches wide and
one-half inch thick cut a circular notch
at the center and bore two three-quarter
inch holes, one at each end of the board,
at equal distances from the centre notch.
Make two pins that will slip through the
holes. Lay the board on the ground and
place the center notch against the stake
where the tree is to stand, then stick pins
in each of the end holes The centre stake
and board may then be removed and the
tree hole dug. When ready for the tree,
the replace board is put back in it's orig-
inal place over the end pins. The center
notch will Indicate the precise point where
the tree should stand, and at the same
time help steady the tree while filing the
soil about the roots BY using the re-
place it brings every tree in true line and
in tho precise position indicated by the
stake, and of uniform depth.
There is such diversity of opinion as
to the proper distances to set trees, we
refrain from making any suggestion, ex-
cepting to recommend twenty-five feet or
more, and to give them proper care,
neither starving or over feeding. The
best plan for amateurs is to consult sue
cessful and practical growers.
TREBOR.
Chuluota, Fla
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12
Beggar Weed as a Forage and In
secticide.
Chuluota, Fla.

Capt. Bill Mckay, OF Oxford, says the
Ocala Banner, is a character whose name
and fame are not confined to Sumter
county, as q successful orange grower
and railroad builder. The smiling and
affable Captain was in town Monday,
and SO this reporter interviewed him on
beggar weeds, one of Florida $ profitable
forage and fertilizing crops, but we fear
too much neglected. Captain Mckay is
the father of the theory that beggar
weeds in an orange grove are death and
destruction TIC French leaf and scale in
sects. In fact it is not heory any long
er with Mr.. Mckay, bnt experience has
demonstrated to him it is fact that dis
counts any theorizing about it.
His groves were troubled with the pests,
French leaf and scale insect, and with his
brother orange growers, spent much time
and labor in driving them from his trees.
Several years ago he saw what val
liable forage could be made of the weed,
and as much of his sixty-fve-acre grove
was planted in an old field where the weed
did not flourish, he got seed and started
a crop, which during the past two sea-
sons has not only given SPLENDID feed for
his horses, but has also rid his trees OF
the pests spoken Of.
He says the trouble has been with Flor
ida farmers in irving to cure the beggar
weed for forage, that they waited until
the stalk had seeded before cutting it, in
consequence of which, when cured the
leaves all shed and the stalk was SO
tough it had lost all it's virtue as food
SO tough that animals would notattempt
to chew it,
He has learned differently. Henow cuts
it just as the stalk begins to bloom. Ii
cut in the morning it is sufficiently
cured in the afternoon to haul it to the
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12
Fertilizers for Strawberries.

Tests with fertilizers on Strawberries at
the Ohio Experiment Station show that
sugar was found in the largest portion
when 400 pounds to the acre of sulphate
of potash was applied and the smallest
after 300 pounds of superphosphate.
Nitrate of soda and muriate Of potash
gave about as much sugar as sulphate of
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12
Fertillzing Orange Trees.
= Florida AgriculturiSt {:

Editor Florida A gTicu1turist:
Mr.. Neeld's ideal of grove culture is
open to some objections. In the first
place no fertilizer should be put on trees
in the fall. Have we not already suffered
enough from tender trees in winter? Fer.
tiizers will cause the sap to rise during
the warm spells which if followed by
cold snap will do great damage. No fer
tiliZer should be placed on top OF the
ground and narrowed in. Theharrow only
mixes it with Oh inch or two of top soil.
| have never seen the blowing of bear
ing grove in the fall make oranges split
or drop either more or less | have been
experimenting several years on that line.
''The old grass and weeds will grow no
more;" then take a good turn pillow and
put tops, roots and all under the surface
where there will be no waste from winds
nor loss Of ANN Onia, then with harrow
or drag smooth the surface and make
the grove presentable for the winter. In
the spring put your fertilizer in a wagon
drive up between the rows, throwing it
right and left evenly over the whole sur
face, except within three or four feet of
the bodies of large trees, then pillow it in
four inches deep, harrow it down smooth.
Repeat the narrowing several times by
June; then fertilize, pillow and harrow.
Then let all the grass grow till fall, and
follow the same round. The harrow, be
it Acme or Getaway, and cultivation will
not take the place in agrove or field of a
good pillow. | saw grove of ten acres
last spring heavily fertilized and har-
rOwed with an Acme The fertilizer was
nearly all left on the surface, exposed to
the sun and winds for months. AS it was
done by an agent who wanted to get
over quick, do you think he was doing
his employer right to expose his fertilizer
to loss? When feed my horse l want
him to ia Ike his food in his mouth and
chew it up and swallow and assimilate it,
[ don't hang it up over his head where
he cannot reach it. When I fertilize [
turn it down where the feeding roots of
the orange can take it up, and not leave
iG on the surface to tantaIize the tree.
S. P. SHEPHERD.
Lake Brantley, Florida.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12
The Wants of the Soil.

In the building of house the carpen-
ter requires certain kinds of material and
in certain quantities, which are supplied
from an observable source. In the pro-
duction of crops, too. certain elements of
fertility are required, but while there is
the soil as the basis, the available amount
OF material is not surely known. OF
some of the less important elements there
is usually an abundance, but of the most
essential elements-nitrogen phosphoric
acid and potash, while in q very fertile
soil they may exist in sufficient quantity,
in many soils one or another or even all
may be somewhat deficient.
In the present state OF farming success
requires that good degree of economy
be observed, and that fertility be made
to count. For that reason, where it is to
be supplied by it's separate clements, the
wants of the soil must be known SO that
there may be no unnecessary application.
TO illustrates: II q soil required say $15
in value of phosphate material to devel-
op good crop, and only that amount,
it would be poor economy to apply say
500 of phosphate and $15 of nitrogen,
and SIS of potash, because in that case
there would be 1925 of valuable fertilizer
that would be lying idle.
In the case OF stable manure this may
occur necessarily, because all the moteri-
ais are inseparably united; but we speak
of the elements that are purchased in
their separate forms.
Then in order to determine what the
soil requires, that it may make satisfac-
tory responses to the demands made
upon it, there must be soil tests, such as
are being conducted by various expert
ment stations. And in order that this
test may be of any value, it must be
made upon each farm, by dividing a given
arated by a distance sufficient to insure
against the influence Ofone fertilizer upon
the next adjoining plat. Then upon one,
or better still, two plats, use no fertilizer
The product will be the measure of the
natural fertility of the soil; then use a
form of nitrogen and phosphoric acid,
and potash on other plats also, in differ
ent combinations of two elements, and
finally of all three combined. This will
give key to the solution Of the whole
question of the wants of the soil. If the
plats where the nitrogen and potash sep
arately reused show no marked increase,
while the one with phOsphOric acid does,
it is understood that that element is re-
quired to produce the crop; and if by the
combination Of the other elements with
it there is yet no markedincreas then it
may be understood that it is the sole ele-
ments essential to the development of the
crop. Itrequirts some time to conducte x
periments, but theinfOrmatiOn gained is OF
far more value, and there is asatisfactiOn
that comes from having compelled the
soil to tell by its own acts what it re-
requires of the farmer in order to give
him the best retSrn.-Wm. II. Yeomans,
in Southern Cultivator.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12
FOR THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURIsT.
Mr.. Pickell on Analyses.

NV attention has been called to an ed
itorial on analyses of Fertilizers in q
recent issue of your valuable paper. In
that editorial you point out wide differ
ences in certain analyses of fertilizers as
made at the Florida Experimental Sta
ton and as made by the State Bureau OF
Fertilizer Control, and conclude with
these words: "When the analyses from
different sources of the same article vary
so materially, what have we to guide US
in our selection of artificial plant food?"
Without wishing to add to the mental
depression into which you have allowed
cogitation over these analyses to throw
you, give below some additional data
in the same line, that is, analyses of
''identically the same article from differ
ent sources" (and even the same source)
which vary very materially. desire to
ask you to write an editorial on these
data. When you are through I shall,
with your kind permission, perhaps, say
q word.
In table of analyses issued from a
New England Bureau for the Control of
Fertilizers. | find what for convenience |
shall call fertilizer A, put down as con-
tanning 1912 per cent. Of potash. A lit
tie further on | find in the same table the
same article accredited with 7.67 per
cent. of potash. In the same table find
that another fertilizer OBJ contains 8.38
per cent of phOsphoric acid and 1872 per
cent. of potash; little further on the
same article contains 4G1 per cent. of
phosphoric acid and 6.39 percent of pot
ash. The manufacturer guarantees this
fertilizer to contain 6 per cent of phos-
phoric acid and 2 per cent. of potash.
Still another fertilizer. which we will call
C, contains nitrogen 400 per cent. The
same article contains, according to an
analysis from q different source (also a
New England Bureau) nitrogen 2.4S per
cent.
Let us look at some of the materials of
which fertilizers are made. | find "dried
blood" given as containing nitrogen
1856 per cent. and phosphoric acid G.23
per cent. Chemically the same article"
that is, dried blood" is accredited in
another place Tin the same table, with
nitrogen $40 per cent. and phOsphOric
acid 1.91 per cent. Cotton seed meal:
Nitrogen 1862 per cent, phosphoric acid
3.16 per cent, potash 2O9 per cent. The
same article that is to say, cotton seed
meal, nitrogen, 4.02 percent; phosphoric
acid, 1926 per cent; potash, O.S9 per
cent Cotton hull ashes: Phosphoric
acid, 9.67 per cent; potash, 1912 per
cent, the same article, that is to say,
Cotton hull ashes: Phosphoric acid, 3.72
per cent; potash, 1898 per cent. One
more. Bones: Nitrogen. 4.7O per cent;
phosphorc acid, 27.7G per cent. The
same orticle, that is to say Bones:
Nitrogen, $50 per cent; phosphoric acid,
1858 per cent.
| will close with the analyses of two
fertilizers, both by the Florida Expert
ment Station:
Mol. No. .
MOISTURE. .''.' ''''''''..'1 o'2u. la.4o
Available phOs 1917 972
Total phOs. 3D. H.
Ammo Lob 276
Potash 66. 800
No. l and No. 2 are Identical.
J. M. PICKELL,
6J,o, III ri,I toti
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12

l and No. 2 are Identical.
J. M. PICKELL,
Chemist Florida Agril Elk. Station
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-11-12

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