Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1890-09-18

the following words: THE conditions OF
these treaties should be the free admission
of such merchandise as this country does
not produce in return for the admission
free, or under favored scheme of duties
of our own products-the benefits of such
exchange to apply only to goods carried
under the flag of the parties to the con
tract; the removal on both sides from the
vessels SO privileged of all tonnage dues
and National imposts so that those vessels
may ply unhindered between our ports and
those OF the other contracting parties
though without infringing on the reserved
home coastng trade the removal or re-
duction of burdens on the exported prod
Ucts of those countries coming within the
benefits of the treaties, and the avoidance
of the technical restrictions an penalties
by which our intercourse with those coun-
tries is at present hanpered."
A perussl of the convention now sub
mitted will suffice to show how fully it car
ries out the policy Of intercourse thus All.
nounccd. commend it to you in the con
| fident expectation that il will receive youI
sanction.
Ii does not seem necessary to my pres
! ent purpose to enter into detailed consid-
GRAFTON OF the many immediate and pros
pective advantages which Will flow
from this convention IT, our productions
and our shipping interests
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
Executive Mansion. Washington, Dec.
/ 10, lsSi
In December, 1856. the senator from
/ Rhode Island. Mr.. Aldrich, offered the fol
| lowing Senate resolution
| Resolved. BY the Senate Of the United
States (the House of Representatives con-
| curing that the President is requested TO
enter upon negotiations with the Govern
mcnts OF the several principal sugar pro
| ducing countries of the world with a view
| of securing mutual agreements by which
| the nited States shall agree TO admit at
It's ports. free of duty. sugar and mola>>-
es the produce of such countries or their
colonies. when transported in vessels un-
der the flag of either of the contracting
parties. aud upon which no export tax or
1 other export charge, shall have been levied
! upon the condition that such Governments :
shall agree to admit in their respective
I countries OF their sugar-produclng colo
uir>, free Of duties. the agricultural, min
cral and manufactured products OF the
nited States.
In the NLNIIIth Congress, at its first
session, the Hon. A. $. Hewitt. OF New
York. then dl,tingui she'd member of the
"a
70 carry into operation convention be-
tween the niicd States OF America and
and the nItcd States OF Mexico. signed
on the 2oth day OF January, Iss3. accom-
panied by very able report, in which, dis
cus>ing the question Of reciprocity with
Mexico. he said
The TWO countries are separated by
line about 400 miles in length. which in
reality affords no natural obstacle To the
ircc>t possible tIadr. In fact nature in
Nites the exchange of commodities, a. well
from the difference in climate and physical
endow ments. a. from the peculiar strIc-
ture of the two countries. The uitcd
States Is altogether in the temperate zone.
whereas one-h half OF Mexico lies within the
tropics. The natural productions OF the
two countries are of necessity very di-
verse, and each produces what the other
requires. There i, therefore, the natural
basis Of 4 legitimate and profitable com
merce for both countries.
The productions of Mexico are chiefly
in the nature of raw materials. Its popu-
lstion consisting of about 10000, 800 peo-
Pile i chiefly engaged In mining and asri-
culture II has but few manufactures and
Is in the first stages of industrial and so
cisl and Industrial development, The Unit
In the nineteenth century OF is existence
so developed In agriculture as To be able
1 to export large surplus Of it, cereal and
natural products to foreign markets. and
30 advanced in manufacture that ii now
produces u surplus Of all staple goods be-
yonI the domestic demand. and il, eagerly
seeking for them foreign outlet. NcXl-
co affords market for these products
which is not offered By any country be
yond the seas in consequence OF the com
petition with the manufacturing nations
OF Europe, who can reach those markets at
a lower cost than We can.
Mexico j. the gate through which this
country will lind its connection with the
Central and South American States. At
present our commerce with those couu-
tries j. carried on under very great advan-
tagc.. We buy from them far more than
We sell, and We cannot hope 10 reverse this
operation a. long a. our manufactured
! products cost more than similar articles
manufactured in Europe. But the day is
not far distant when these elements Of
greater cost will disappear, and when the
relations with the great American States
/ 10 the South viii become more intimate
/ commercially a. we'll as politically. The
/ time has already arrived when we must
/ adopt continental policy. laying It's foun-
/ datluu> broad and deep in the mutual in
/ tcTcsts OF intimate CONNER Cial and pollti-
/ cal sympathie>.
/ 1t ha, never been claimed Mr. President,
/ that either President Arthur or Secretary
| Frclinghuysen. or the Senator from Rhode
/ Island. Mr.. Adrch, are to be ranked in
the schools of political economy, as Free
| Traders They have always been known
1 and regarded as straightforward, consis-
tent Protcctlonists, and not until this year
/ la, 1t been announced anywhere that "A
public man falters in his allegiance TO a
political system which protects the Amer
/ lean laborer against runous competition
upon the same articles which are the pro-
duet of his labor produced by foreign and
underpaid labor by encouraging trade with
any foreign country which might open its
markets to the products of our labor and
pay for them in articles from that country
which cannot be produced in ours.
The Who'll, fabric Of protection, which
has 50 benetCently affected the interests
of labor in the United States and elevated
the labor to condition tar beyond the la
Dor of any other country will be immense
ly benefited when that labor finds a mark
ct for its surplus products in the coun
tries which do not compete with it in such
production, but desire to pay for this sur
plus by products from fields in which We
cannot, by nature. enter.
This is what the New York Tribune, il
most intelligent article on the subject
calls protection extended The article il
so clear in its statements, and presents 81
broad a view on the subject that l quote
from it at length.
(Mr Hale then read the article entitled
Progress in Protection" printed in thu
Tribune on August &c.
Certain articles imported into the Unit
ed States are made dutiabie because o.
their relation to the protective system, thu
question of revenue upon them being sub
ordinated to their relation to protection
certain other articles are made dutlabl'
largely or entirely because they affect tn
revenues. and certain other articles be
cause the question of protection and rev
enue are incidentally involved
TARIFF FOR REVENUE THE BASIS OF BARTER
r The New York Tribune well puts it. |
| we have come to the time when we con
slider the advisability of giving up dutie
upon the articles which bear relation L
, the revenue only, or largely so, this ques
ton should be treated in connection wit
plan for thereby increasing the benefit
| to our protective system and to our labor
Y which is the result of that system.
/ Tea and coffee and sugar may be terme
1 the revenue articles of our tariff system
e In considering the question whether W
q shall give away the duties upon sugar to
5 day, as is proposed by the House bill, with
out making any attempt to secure an of
l set which shall benefit American labor,