Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1890-08-16
from TEE srAns Travelling Commissioner.

u&g% ment finds no trouble in keeping them
| under absolute control, whatever revolts and
disturbances may arise among the Cholos and
other citizens. Grave, silent and sad, when
not intoxicated, and never noisy in their most
hilarious moments always at work, gentle,
| servile and peaoeable, they are willing hewcrs
| Of wood and drawers of water, not one iota
above the mules and lamas they drive; indeed
| the latter a rule are better fed and more
kindly treated, because OF more commercial
| value.
Not only 10 this true Of the poems on the
| great estates, but those who are free to come
and go, work or starve, as they will, are slaves
| no less, and to more cruel masters-poverty
and ignorance. As there are no means pro-
vided for educating Indians they are forever
| debarred from having any voice in tho affairs
of the land of their fathers. The ruling class,
| descendants Of the Spanish conquerers, assert
| but without truth or reason. that an Indian is
incapable of education and untitled by nature
for any higher plane in life than he now occu-
| pies, as a mere beast of burden.
THE WORKS OF THE INCAs
| that still remain, magnificent temples, ter
raced mountains and splendid roads. eff ectu-
ally refute this statement, and even in these
days. after three centuries and a half Of slav-
ery there are occasional shining examples OF
Indians who have struggled out Of their en-
| vironment into the highest positions. The
common herd, however, since the spirit OF
their ancestors was so thoroughly broken by
PizarrO and his gang, will make no protest
against whatever may be put upon them, and
the temptation to keep them in servitude is too
great to DO resisted by the lazy conquistadores,
who may thus enjoy the fruits OF unpaid labor.
Having 'Christianized" the original owners of
the soil in the lump, as it were, and rendered
them obedient to the laws of church and state,
the philanthropy of the white race goes no
farther.
WHEN THE sPANIARDs
came to this continent. about three hundred
and fifty years ago. they found nearly all the
vast territory that is now occupied by Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia and Chill inhabited by three
great tribes, the Aymaracs Chinchas and
Huancas. united under one form of govern
ment. The Aymaraes were the ruling race.
and from their number came the Incas, or
emperors. They occupied the highlands of
Peru and Bolivia and were more advanced in
civilization than either OF the others. The
Chlnchas lived along the coast, the Huancas
were scattered among the mountain valleys,
and the Quichuas came from the north, Quito
having been their ancient capital. Gradually
the Aymaraes conquered the other tribes, and
their system OF colonization seems to have been
wiser than any that superseded it.
THE sun DEITIEs.
hCcOTuluS W tTaulllOu TIC Aymdra6B naQ
existed since the beginning of the world, but
were sunk into barbarism and perpesually at
war with one another when the SUM- their
tutelary divinity, sent his own children to earth
to redeem and instruct them Two sun deities
came-Manco Capac and Mama BELLA his sister
who was also his wife. The island in Lake
Titicaca, where they were believed to have
made their first appearance. has ever since
been regarded as holy and to this day shows
sacra1
From this point Nance Capac travelled north
ward, carrying golden staff. At certain
place the stick sank into the ground, sign
from the Sun god that there he should tarry
and found city, which was called Cuzco, and
atterward became the imperial capital Of the
In"as.
The same idea OF a savior Of divine parentage
runs through many forms of religion. As an
historical character Nance Capsc does not
greatly differ from Jesus OF Nazareth, Osiris Of
Egypt, the Scandinavian Odin the Chinese
Fohi or the Hindoo Buddha. He was the first
of a long line of kings, who gradually subdued
the surrounding tribes and established sun
worship in place Of whatever might have been
the more ancient religion. They built four
highways, that still remain, leading from CuZco
to the four cardinal points, and erected mag
nlticent temples, palaces, walls and forts.
TREATMENT OF THE CONQUERED.
When their armies had conquered province
they brought the idols Of the tribe together
with the chiefs and their families to Cuzco
where they were treated with every mark Of
kindness and respect and when the chiefs had
been thoroughly instructed concerning the
power OF the Inca ana the spirit of his egime
they were sent back to their former homes and
were often restored to their official positions as
representatives Of the government at Cuzco.
Taxes were reduced in the conquered provinces,
the poor cared for, the children instructed in
the language of the empire, and though great
est respect was shown for the more ancient
| forms of worship the people were carefully
taught the religion of the incas.
To make sure that there would be no future
| rebellion among the conquered nation colony
Of several thousand Aymaraes WAS sent to live
among them and many of the subjugated
people were brought to the towns whence these
colonlsts were taken. where they were given
great advantages, including large tracts of land
exempt from taxation and were made to feel
IN every way that the transfer had been for
their benefit. Thus it happens that SO many
Quichuas are found down here among the
Aymaraes and vice versa.
ALWAYS SEPARATE.
Though living side by side for centuries
these two great nations have preserved their
original distinctness, never uniting in marriage
and seldom associating. and such O thing as
| the admixture OF either race with European
blood was never known. In Puno. where ninc-
tenths OF the people are Indians the Aymaraes
hold their daily market in the great square
| fronting the cathedral, while the Quchuas &C.
| cupy another plaza for the same purpose The
| former tribe, which is most numerous, inhablts
| the southern section Of the city and the latter
the northern portion. In the street where the
two divisions come together a stream runs
through the center, spanned by numerous
queer little arched bridges, and though the
| people living on the opposite sides are gener-
| ally friendly with one another they never cross
| the dividing line and hold no social inter.
| course. Says Knox: ''Only in their resistance
to the Spanish conquest did they make common
| cause and have fought side by side in every
revol; against the oppressor. Both are grave
| diSnitied, silent and sad and as We look at
| them they seem to be musing over the misfor-
| tunes OF the last three ceuturieG"
| HOW THE PEOPLE Differ.
Though much alike in personal appearance
except that the Aymara men are taller and NOR
powerful than the Quichuas and their women are
| II possible uglier, can distinguish scioDs Of
| the two races at glance wherever met by
| 1.-The cut OF the jib," SO to speak. The Quichus
| men wear very short trousers, barely reaching
to the knee, ponchos. or blankets, striped witt
brilliant colors their heads thrust through
Sits in the middle, and hats. IL any, great dsa
too small for their heads. Each woman of the
| tribe Is always seen with bundle at her bach
made by a blanket folded in peculiar fashion
In which she can carry not only her baby, bu
| all the household goods. She 10 always bare
headed. her frowsy black hair braided with
white strings, the latter braided together q
| the ends
| THE MALE AyMaRA
wears very wide trousers Of black wooden, sli
long way up the leg, either at the back or tn,
outer side, and underneath full drawers O
coarse white cotton which floD about his apl Ia