davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Tests of HnrFOws.

AS the result of series of tests of
various harrows and methods of culture,
Prof. j. w. Sanborn arrived at the fol-
lowing conclusions: ]. No one harrow
is sufficient for the best filth of farm.
2. The harrow needed varies with the
soil and it's condition. 3. Harrows, as
substitutes TOR plows, do not save force.
f. Harrows till shallower than supposed.
5. The bottom Of the TILED area varies
widely in regularity. 6. Wedge teeth
and fat teeth with front slant COM
press soil, and are probably good for
light soils. Z. Teeth lifting dirt 10 the
rear loosen soils best. 8. One harrow
may break the clods best but not leave
as much fine soil as another. 9. Each
harrow tried had place to which 1t is
best adapted, but for a general purpose
harrow on a heavy soil. depth of cut,
looseness of soil, ease of draft and pull
verization, was the leading demand.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Depth for Planting Potatoes.

Every few years some one discovers
that potatoes succeed better if planted
very deeply, but after a year or two ex-
perience shows that the new discovery
is of no value, and it is abandonet until
some new experimenter brings it before
the public again. The truth is, that the
depth for planting potatoes for best result
depends greatly on soil and weather.
On dry soil, which early warns down.
and in Summer is liable to suffer
drought, tour, five or even six inches
depth may not be too much. If the
potatoes come through, there is long
root reaching to the surface, from which
numerous sprouts will start. But unless
the soil be rich as well as dry, it cannot
develop all these underground sprouts
so as to bear marketable tubers.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Tomatoes as a Farm Crop.

It is a mistake to suppose that ex-
tremely rich soil 10 needed to grow pay
ing crops of tomatoes. The TACT that in
olden times they were mainly planted
on highly MANFRED gardens led to this
erroneous notion. But it is also the
fact that as these grew the plants ran
too much to leaf and too little to fruit.
The fruit where much manure is used is
also more liable to rot. This crop uses
more both of potash and phosphate
than potatoes, and if both these miner
ais were supplied the plant would be
properly balanced, and its fruit less
liza Die to premature decay. Dry, sandy
soils, with mineral fertilizers, produce
earlier and better crops than richer soil
more heavily ferlilized with barn yard
manure,
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Some of the Things Electricity Can
From the Electrical Review.

EIeClfICaI K6VIeW.
At certain Berlin cafe the lighting
and ventilation are effected by means OF
electricity. In the center of the room
there are several large glass jars through
which passes platinum wire in spiral
form. The electricity, on heating the
wire, speedily raises the temperature of
the water in the jars to boiling point,
and prepares the coffee in the sight of
everybody. Lastly, a small electric
railway transmits the coffee to the vari-
Gus tables, so that the guests help them
selves to their liking.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Use of the Roller.

A farm roller is most important and
valuable implement for those who exer-
else good judgment as to when it is to
be used. 1t ia just what is needed to
press winter grain firmly in the ground
after the surface has dried sufficiently.
1t is also excellent on clover in spring,
to press down small stones that might
be in the way of close cutting with the
mower. But it should not be used on
spring grain until the latter is up three
or four inches, nor on corn ground at
any season if the soil be at all heavy.
Corn ground needs to be light as posi-
BILE, and it must be made mellow by har-
rowing up, not by rolling down.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21

does in field work the steel-toothed rake
W.. do in the garden among the peas.
Start them early. 1t is easier to cult
vate and hoe the field twice when it
does not appear to need it, than once
when it needs it very badly.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21

FIRST TRAMP-"Jerry, what's your
opinion of de eight-hour movement"
Second Tramp-"It's my honest opin-
ion dat eight-hours' movement is a heap
too much for one day. "-Terre Haute
ErDress.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21

''MR. GOULD, how is your canal stock
to-day?"
ST have no canal stock, SIR
moment | imagined that the large
amount of water in your railways had
converted them into canals"
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Planting Corn EARLY.

Early p'owing and early planting Of
corn give generally the best results.
Though the young plants are easily
nipped by frost, an approach to cold
that does not quite reach the freezing
point will not make them turn yellow
provided the soil is we'll drained. It's too
much wet rather than too much cold
that Injuries most pieces OF corn in early
spring. If the surface is we'll dragged
Just as the corn comes up, it will break
the crust and let in the warmer air
which the roots need. There is little
danger of corn seed rotting in the soil
if it be thoroughly dried before planting.
Poor seed is oftener the cause of failure
than is planting too early.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21

CnuMLEy-"I say, Grumley, what's
wronp?" Grumley-s Fired !" Chumley
Grumley-"Yes, came to
the Office loaded. Philadelphia Press.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Stamping Corn Seed Down.

Ground for corn needs to be left as
light and loose as possible. For this
reason the roller should not be used on
it, either before or after planting. At
the same time the seed must be firmly
pressed into the soil, and this is best
done by stepping on the hill after it is
covered. Less covering is needed where
this is done, and the corn comes up
often seen, in planting, difference
of two or three days growth in favor Of
the rows whose planters took care to
step on every hill as compared with
those who did not. It takes no extra
time, and the habit once acquired. the
stepping is done without thought. Most
of the machines for planting corn either
leave it loose in the soil or press 1t down
too deeply, and therefore are inferior
to hand planting if properly done.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Burning Blackberries.

The blackberry needs to be cut back
severely to do its best at fruiting. This
is especially true of those varieties like
the Snyder, that usually set SO much
fruit that great part is small and un-
salaDle. The pruning should be done
about midsummer, to keep the plants
from growing too tall, as they will surely
be broken down by storms and snow.
This cutting back will cause laterals TO
put forth, and these must be kept in
check, or there will be as much growth
and fruit set as with no pruning at all.
Properly pruned the labor of gathering
the fruit is lesseneG and it is worth
much more.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
DESTROYING Runt Pigs.

There are in nearly every litter of
pigs one and sometimes more that the
litter would be worth were it freed from
them than it is with them. The "tit-
man" as it is sometimes called may by
extra feeding be made to grow nearly but
never quite 80 large as the others. But
divide this extra feed among the re-
mainder of the litter and there will be
large product OF work six or eight
months hence. Yet we know some
farmers who not only keep these runt
pigs, but who make breeders of them if
sows. Is it any wonder that the pigs of
of such farmers soon become worth
less?
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21

SENATOR BLAIR is suffering from in
somnia.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
The Chilli Nitrate Beds.

The opening of nitrate deposits in
Chill and Peru has created revolution
in many branches Of manufacture.
These deposits are of such extent, and
both nitre and saltpetre can be procured
so cheaply, that there il low no longer
any occasion for the old processes for
making these chemicals. Every thing in
which nitre is used as a raw material has
been wonderfully cheapened, while the
profits to those working the beds have
been greater than those of workers in
gold mines. These deposits have a very
important agricultural value, as they
furnish more cheaply the supplies Of
nitrogen which soils exhausted by crop.
ping need. These nitrate deposits are
easily soluble, but fortunately they exist
in country where rain never falls, and
are therefore like the deposits of Peru
Wan guano, in the same region, reserved
for retaining the waste that poor farm
ing and poor management has made Of
original fertility in the soil.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Redeeming Waste Places.

There is a great deal Of waste lard
even on small and general well cultivat-
ed farms. and proportionably much
more on those that are larger. On the
large farm especially, places that cannot
be got at with pillow and horse hoe are
left to grow up in weeds or bushes,
which always tend to widen their range
into cultivated fields. So far from being
merely useless, the waste ground quick
ly becomes a nuisance to all the land
around it. A good way to manage such
land is to plant fruit tree Or grape vine
there if the soil and location are suita-
BILE, and give it proper care and manur-
ing until it comes into bearing. It is all
nonsense for any armer to say he can
not spare land to grow grapes and
other fruit Tor home use. IT he will
look sharply he can find place for plant
ing trees or vines where nothing of value
is now grown. After few years these
now waste places will pay better than
the portions of his farm devoted to Or
binary crops. NJ
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1890-05-21
Sowing Oats on Killed Wheat.

Sowing Oats on Killed Wheat.
It is sometimes advisable not to plow
up wheat ground where the crop has
been entirely killed out. Dragging the
surface and sowing oats will, while the
ground is moist, secure good grain
seeding with small outlay, and will, be-
sides, insure a better catch of clover or
grass seed than can be had by blowing.
After the oats come up, roll the field to
press in stones that the drag may have
brought to the surface. Often this treat
ment will start new growth Of the wheat
that was apparently dead, and a mixed
crop of the two grains will be the result.
This is better than leaving the land I'M
cropped for the season.
Timothy Not Injured by Narrowing.
Some farmers object to narrowing
winter wheat in the spring, thinking it
may injure fall soWn timothy. We
have often narrowed wheat where timo-
thy was sown. and the grass was APP
parently as little injured as was the
grain Either the slanting teeth pass
over the young grass without disturbing
it, or they transplant it under such
favorable conditions that it quickly re-
gains whatever it has lost, and in Sum-
mer is better prepared to Withstand
droughts that then prevail. There is no
question by any one who has tried har-
rowing wheat in the Spring that it is
the best plan to get good clover catch.
Hoeing Farm and Garden Crops.
Before all these crops have been plant
ed or sown, it will be time to begin to
look after those that were put in early.
The potatoes will be breaking through
the oround and want hOeinp light
harrow. and especially the Thomas har-
row, with the teeth inclined backward,
is the best implement to 60 over the
ground first. 1t breaks the surface so
that the young plants can force them
selves up. Itdestroys weeds, and seems
to have peculiar faculty for finding
those which grow directly in the hill
that would need pulling by hand at
hand hoeing, and it will do more work
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09
had II body 81 times larger and heavier
than that of the common or right whale,
Exchange.
SPRAY OF THE FALLS.

Steve Pierce, one of the solid miner,
and business men of Neihart, Is in the
city purchasing supplies.
Thos. L. Gornam and wife, of Cascade
will take their departure tomorrow for
Huntsville, Mo-, and will remain in that
good democratic state two or three
months.
K. M. Reeves, the pioneer iewele1 of
Helena, will be at the bench in r. A.
Jones jewelry establishment, on Second
street, after next Tuesday. He needs no
recommendation.
The many friends of DR.. D.. B. New
man, formerly of Sun River, but at pres
ent a resident of the Pacific coast, will be
glad to welcome him back to Montana.
He arrived today and may locate IN this
city.
Express Manager Curtis has had the
unpleasant experience of shipping sever
al loaded guns. A rifle which was ship
ped last week contained a dozen cartrid-
ges. Parties who ship guns should have
sense enough to unload them before
shipment.
The time has come when everybody
can drink wine rs it is now sold b. the
Great Falls Liquor Co., at Wetzel's old
stand, as follows: Claret and White
wines, So per do2,; Claret, per gal!of, 81;
White wine, per gallon, $3.50 Goods
delivered to all parts of the city.
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09
HEAVENLY WIRES DOWN..
The Mormon Prophet Announces That
the Day OF Direct Messages From
Coz iia, Ended.
This Is n Bombshpll Which Leaves the
Latteyiay Saints in 1t Bad
Predicament.
They Had Looked Forward to Getting
Revelation" That Polygamy
Had Been Abandoned.

SALT AXE CITY, Utah, April s.-The
Sixth annual conference Of the church
Of Latterday Saints began Friday. Five
thousand people were In attendance,
representing branches of the Mormon
church from all over the country. Pres
ident Woodruff, the head Of the church,
said in his opening speech that the day
Of revelations had ended. God had re-
vealed enough of the mysteries for peo-
pie to see salvation, and there was no
need OF people looking for more divine
u~tterances. The statement was o bomb
shell in the camp of the Mormons, who
have hitherto commended that all action
of the church was detailed by revela-
tons from .he prophet, which is Wood
ruff. Other speakers followed in the
same strain and urged strict compliance
with the laws of the church. A lead
ing Mormon said that it was expected
that Woodruff would, before the end of
the conference, assert that he had a rev.
citation from God that polygamy should
be abandoned.
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09
PR0C7OR'S ASSISTANT.
Gen. Lewis A. Grant, OF Minneapolis,
Nominated Assistant Score.
tary Of War.
ecu. Miles Advanced to Major General
Col. GriersOn Made Q
B%rigadier.
Ellis Island Fixed Upon as the New
York Emigrant StatiOn-News
From the Capital.

WASHINGTON, April s.-The president
sent to the senate the following nomina-
tions: Brig. Gen. Nelson A. Miles to be
major general; Col. Benjamin H. Grier-
son, Tenth cavalry, to be brigadier gen.
eral; Henry F. Ladd, Of Missouri, civil
engineer, to be a member of the Missis-
sippi river commission; Robert Mills, of
New York, to be surveyor of customs
for the port Of Patchogue, N.
Y; Lewis A. Grant, Of Minnesota,
to be assistant secretary Of war. Gen.
Grant wa formerly from Vermont. He
entered the army and was made brig
adler general, commanding the famous
Vermont brigade. which fought in
as many battles as any other during the
war, and whose loss was greater than
any other single brigade in the army.
After the war Gen. Grant went to Iowa
and resided at Des Moines, where he
made many friends, and several years
ago removed to Minneapolis, where he
has been engaged in the real estate bust
ness. He is a personal friend Of Secre-
tary Proctor, and the Vermont delega-
ton Joined in his recommendation. So
did also the Iowa congressman who
knew him. Both Senators Davis and
Washburn called upon President Harri-
son and recommended the appointment.
The Minnesota men feel highly gratified
at securing the appointment for a citizen
of the state, and are pleased that such
an important position should fall to a
worthy citizen.
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09
TOO MUCH MONEY LOST.

Representative Hansbrough Introduces a
Bill to Simplify Settlements With Land
Office Receivers.
WASHINGTON. April 8.-Representative
Hansbrough introduced a bill, the intent
Of which is to simplify the methods of
handling the accounts of land Office re-
~ceivers when they reach the interior de-
partment for settlement. 1t provides, in
trief. that the general land office shall
settle with its agents in the ITO land
Offices in the country ono in three
months, and that the accounts shall be
audited at the department of the in
terror, instead of in the first comp
1%roller's Office in the treasury, as is now
done. The money lost by the govern
msnt from shortages of receivers at one
time or another is placed at 81 ,814,342 81,
and no move has ever been made to col
lect any portion of it from the receivers
or their bondsmen. That this shortage
exists does not signify dishonesty on the
part of the receivers, for in most cases
the receivers never saw u cent of it
themselves. 1t is uncollectable fees and
other dues from settlers. Still the short.
age is there by the books of the receiv-
ers themselves. In many cases the
bondsmen have been discharged before
the settlement was made. and a suit
would have awaited nothing. 1t is to
prevent the increase of these shortages
that the present bill was drawn.
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09

the Great Northern exploring party
which left .h!s valley several weeks ago.
There were originally four in the party,C
F. B Haskell, Ed. Boyle, who made the
trip to the summit of the Rockies last
December and January, Harvey Fitzsim-
mons and l.. Thompson, accompanied the
party westward to Tobacco Plains where
l.. Thompson left the party and returned
to Demersville with mail a few days ago.
They we're gone just So days. Every
thing used on the trip had to be carried
on their backs. They wore no overcoats
and packed only one blanket each for
bedding; their housekeeping utensils con-
sisted Of one ak, n coffee pot, one camp
kettle, two frying pans and a tin cup
each. The menu was flour, bacon, tea,
coffee, salt, pepper, baking powder and
fresh meat whenever they were lucky
enough to find any. On portions of their
trip they saw hundreds of deer every
day; also many wolves and coyotes, but as
n remarked, they had not lost any of
the latter 10 merely passed on. They
only carried one rifle and that in the
skillful hands Of Harvey Fitzsimmons
supplied them with plenty of fresh
meat when in game country. Much of
the time they were not in q game coun-
try and would travel for days without
seeing either bird or animal. On the trip
they visited Tobacco plains and were
royalty entertained by Mr.. Derosia and
wife. and Ralph Ramsdell."
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09
TO RUN THE WORLDS FAIR.
Stockholders Meet in Chicago and Elec.
Directors.

Stockholders Meet in Chicago and Elect
Directors.
CHICAGO, April S.-There was a crowd
of more than 5000 people in front of
Battery d long before the hall was
opened for the admission Of the stock
holders of the worlds fair. The meeting
was for the purpose Of electing direc-
tors. AT 11:40 o'clock Mayor Cregier as.
cended the platform and called the meet
ing to order. James w. Scott made a
motion, which was carried, to appoint
The mayor permanent chairman. Mr..
Scott was called to perform the duties of
secretary. Ex-Mayor Harrison asked
that the number of directors be in
creased from forty-tive t o seventy-hve.
He commended that the West Side, the
quarter of the city in which he lived,
had not a fair representation on the pre-
pared ticket. A long discussion fol-
lowed, but Mr.. Harrison's motion was
finally lost, and the following ticket
elected by a large majority:
Owen +. Adds, Samuel w. Allerton,
w. 7. Baker, Thomas B. Bryan, Mark
L. Crawford, D. C. Cregier, Z. B. But
Ter, j. E. Ellsworth, Styvesant Fish, L.
j. Gage, H, N. Higenbothan, H. L.
Hutchinson, E. T. Jeffrey, R. A. Reyes,
M. M. Kirkman, H. H. Kohlsaat, Z. F.
Lawrence, T. j.. Jeffens, Cyrus H. Nc
Cormick, Andrew McNalfy, Joseph
Medill, Robert Nelson, Potter Palmer,
j. c. Peasley, Ferd w, Peck, E. NJ.
Phelps, +. 8. Pike, M. A. Reyerson,
Charles H. Schwab, A. F. Seeberger, w.
E. Strong, R. A. Waller, Edwin Walker,
John r. Walsh, G. G. Wheeler, Otto
Young, J.V. Farwell, Jr,, C. H. Wacker,
w. D. Kerfoot, F. S. Winston, j. j. P.
Odell, ". Fl. Colvin, E. G. Veith. Charles
T. Yerkes, A, Nathan.
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09
THE A OF TRADE.
Business Interests Dlscusssd-The Build
Ing Stone Industry.

Business Interests Dlscusssd-The Build
ing Stone Industry.
After the minutes had been read by
Secretary Smith at the meeting of the
Board of Trade Wednesday evening, Paris
Gibson, who presided, referred to post
office matters for the information of those
who had not been present before. He
said that Postmaster Taylor, who was one
of the most Woodworking men he ever
knew, may be able to obtain boxes on
loan from the makers. These with the
new building would enable him to ac-
commodate the public fully.
james Haven Of New York said that
the advertising which Great Falls has re-
ceived has produced good results. A
gentleman came with him here and had
been induced to do so through advertis-
ing. He found on the Erie railroad 20
people going to the coast, of whom only
five had heard of Great Falls. Hence the
need of keeping the city before the pub.
lie.
Mr.. Gibson referred to the service
which Mr.. Haven had rendered the city.
He has done splendid work.
Mr.. Vaughn suggested that the upper
road to Sun River might be used with
advantage as the new railroad had dis
turbed tie other.
A general discussion of road interests
followed, The general sentiment was in
favor Of providing a better road to High
wood.
The building stone industry having
come up for consideration, the president
said there ought to be $50 men employed
IN quarrying stone and preparing it for
market. He was in correspondence with
a man who is well recommended and IL
company may be formed to develop the
building stone interests here.
In reply to inquiries Secretary Tod, of
the North Montana Fair association, said
that the enterprise was on a sound basis
and owned a valuable property, Judged
from a real estate point Of view. He
said that the desire to hold a stock fair
was strong, and stock-owners were de-
sirous to exhibit. One of them mani
tested his good will by saying that he
would return any premiums that his cat.
tie might win. Mr.. Tod gave a clear,
business-like statement of the improve
ments that gould be needed to hold a fair.
He was asked to submit a detailed report
on the subject at the next meeting.
The tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1890-1890, 1890-04-09
AT CRAIG.

A Vein of Coal Discovered Near That
Piace-GoId and silver Found Also.
Mr.. II. w. Kraus, mine host of the ho-
tel at Craig, is IN the city on business.
Mr.. Kraus reports that the country in the
neighborhood of Craig is in a prosperous
condition, but like other portions of Mon
tana, it Is badly in need Of rain. About
four miles north of Craig a vein of coal
has beer discovered, which will add to
the importance Of that place.
A strong company has been organized
and miners are at work developing the
nine. The vein is over four feet thick
and seems to be a continuation Of the
strata which Is worked on the Dearborn.
The coal is of the very best quality. A
tunnel has been driven about rs feet into
the vein and the quality improves as the
tunnel advances. The men who have
made this discovery have a fortune in
sight. Mr.. b. f, Stickney has made
several discoveries Of silver-lead and gold
in the mountains south of Craig. He
has several men ut work developing the
prospects and has something good in
| sight. Assays of some of the mineral have
given as high as $75 per ton.