davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

practical application Of gas was effected
In 1892 by William Murdoch, who used
it for lighting his workshop, at Redruth,
in Cornwall. In 1902 10 was introduced
in Soho foundry, near Birmingham, and
In 1913 London Bridge was lighted by
the then mysterious fluid. About this
time, Sir Walter Scott wrote from Lon
don: "There is mailman proposing 10
light the town with-what do you think?
why with smoke" The next year It's
use became general in London, and in
1922 IL was introduced into the United
States at Boston. Natural gas, now eX-
tenSiyely employed in this country, has
been used in China from remote ages,
being conveyed through bamboo pipes
from salt mines from 1000 TO 1,600 feet
i'm depth.
The next era in the history Of illumina-
tion begins with the invention and general
introduction Of kerosene oil. At first IL
was extracted from bituminous coal;
but, since the general discovery OF petro-
leum, has been manufactured from 1t.
Though not the equal OF gas, Kerosene
has furnished farmers and the residents
OF villages and small towns with better
and cheaper light than was before known
In the world, and has proved an almost
inestimable blessing 10 mankind Glass
chmncys, by the aid Of which kerosene
is burned without emitting smoke, were
invented as an adjunct of the argand
lamp, by Anne Argand, in the latter part
OF the eighteenth century.
Lights 10 warn vessels of rocky and
otherwise dangerous coasts have been
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

negative, repclling such objects and
pointing toward tho south. These are
spoken of as the "polcs" OF the magnet.
Similar poles repel each other and dis
similar poles attract each other. The
carbon into which the current flows from
the battery Is positive and It's compan-
ion negative.
There have been almost no end OF cleo
tric lamps invented and n no less number
of machines for supplying the necessary
electric current. None of these ma
chimes can readily be described in detail,
but the principle of most of them may
be briefly stated. If a lar OF soft iron
is subjected 60 a current of electricity IL
becomes, and remains while the current
continues, n magnet. In most machines,
these electromagnetic as they are termed,
are employed in place or the natural
magnets formerly used, These masses
of soft iron, through which current
Is kept passing while in use, are
made in such shapes that u complete
circuit is established by means of "A re-
volving coil of wire located between
their poles, which is called an armature.
Ii is to revolve this armature at high
rate Of speed that the power for running
the generator is required. The attract
i've power of the magnet tends to hold
the armature i'm one position, and great
force is necessary TO revolve IL. AS il
turns, the current is momentarily made
and broken, and the electricity so gener-
ated carried off by means OF brushes
which rub against the armature, thus
supplying the current TO maintain the
lights in the circuit.
The current which renders the masses
of soft iron magnets is supplied from the
revolving armature, and is in turn drawn
from them, together with all that is used
to maintain the lamps in the circuit
Whence this electricity comes no one can
say, but that it can be so generated with
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05
Personal Notes.

Mr.. CLEVELAND, during his visit to
Washington last week, entertained at
dinner Justice Lamar and Thomas j.
Scmmes.
DANIEL OYSTER has been nominated
for Congress in Pennsylvania, but he
should not be discouraged. 1t is at least
better than being claim.
SENATOR MORRILL, of Vermont is the
third man who has been elected for a
fifth term In the United States Senate.
The other two were Benton 81 Missouri
aud Anthony Of Rhode Island
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

most important of all good gifts, without
which vegetable and animal life would
never have had an existence.
What light is we can judge only from
its effects, its real essence remaining an
impenetrabe mystery. But this Is IKE
wise true of many other things, includ-
ing life itself Light is an incident OF
fire, and from the most remote ages the
two have been principal among the con-
Germs of mankind.
Fire, and with it artificial light, was
obtained by the savage ancients from
the effects of lightning, volcanic erup-
tions and spontaneous combustion.
When observation and thought had de-
veloped something of the inventive tai
ent inherent in man, he discovered that
fire can be obtained as the result Of fric-
ton, the principle upon which we still
rely when "stricking a match" and had
acquired the power of producing light
without the intercession of the gods.
The history of artificial illumination
is, in certain sense, the history of the
worlds progress. In the rudest times
light was obtained by burning wood or
other vegetable substances. After a
time these gave place TO oils, animal and
vegetable. AS light was regarded as the
special gift of the divinities, lamps
became early works of art, upon
which great ingenuity, both as
10 shape and ornamentation, was cX
pended; indeed, external form was more
regarded than powers OF illumination.
Lamps, as devised by the ancient He
brews, have continued in use down 10
our century and may still lie encoun-
tered in the French portions of Canada.
rn1 rn1lf coils Ntrifl ~
handle at one end and a bcak at the
other, through hole in which, wick
conducts oil or grease from below, emit
ting a smoky light.
1t is difficult for us to conceive OF an
age in which "tallow dips" were not en-
ployed for household Illumination; in
deed, it would seem that their use ought
70 have antcdatcd the lamp. As a mat
ter Of fact candles arc 4 comparatively
modern invention, having been first in
troduced in the latter part Of the thr-
teenth century. Originally they We're
made by the process of dipping" with
which most middic-aged country readers
are familiar. Later they were cast in
molds. Candies We're early made Of
wax, and lattcrly OF sperm oil and the
products of petroleum. Candles arc
spoken of in the English translation Of
the Bible; but the word should have
been rendered clamp" Candles were a
vast improvement over their immediate
predecessor, the lamp, and mark the
third era Of illumination.
The fourth period dates from the in
vent.on Of gas. The honor of this lies
between DR.. IIalcs and tho Rev. John
Clayton, of Wakefield, England. In 1927
the former described process Of eyoly-
ing Illuminating gas from coal, while the
latter accomplished it in 1889. The first
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05
Personal Paragraphs.

Mr.. NEHEMIAH JAGG is understood to
b. quite heavy load for the Prohbi-
tion ticket in Iowa.
Gov. BEAVER and Gen. Hastings en-
phatically dcny the story told by the New
York Herald concerning the .aisappro-
priation of the funds contributed for tho
relief of the Johnstown sufferers.
CHIEF JUSTICE AND Mrs. FULLER will
celebrate their silver wedding in Janu-
airy at their Washington home. On that
day the wedding of their daughter. Miss
Mildred Fuller, to Hugo Wallace will
take place.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

Of illumination, upon which the world is
Just entcring-the electric light.
As 20 what electricity really is, we are
as ignorant as we are of the nature of
the nature Of light. We speak of il as
n current" but only as a matter OF con-
vcniencc, since, as matter Of fact IL
may lie something entirely different. To
convey TO the reader of limited scientific
knowledge an intelligent idea OF the cleo
trio light is q difficult but not hopeless
task.
When the terminal wires of battery
are brought together and then slightly
separated, there results a bright light
between them. To this light, by reason
Of its curved form, the name "electric
are" has been given. If the circuit is
not Immediately broken the ends Of the
wires become greatly heated and melt,
dropping off in glowing globules. As
they melt away the distance between
them increases, and a point is reached
at which the clcctrO-mOtivc force Of the
battery is no longer sufficient TO main
tain current across the intervening
space.
As the heat thus generated is sufficient
10 fuse and eVcns VaporiZc all known
metals, the problem Of rendering the
electric light permanent and profitable
became a most difficult one. It's solution
was found i'm using points OF carbon,
which no heat can fuse but which can
be vaporized. The bright arc is caused
in part by the intensely heated carbon
vapor through which the current passes,
and in part by the high temperature of
the carbon points themselves. As the
points burn away they are pushed
forward by means OF delicate ma
chinery, which comprises the most
intricate part of an electric lamp.
and a constant separating space is
maintained. The carbon connected with
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

and back and broad belt of the good:
is fastened in front, sometimes with
a buckle, but oftener with two buttons.
Capes come in colors to match the suit.
Warm little suits for winter time are
the REFERS. The long trousers do away
with the stiff leather leggins, which a
great many think are injurious to free
movement of the limbs. The jacket is
short and made with double breast,
and for very cold weather another coat
made little longer and warmly Ened
is worn over this Jacket.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

flector, revOlutionized lighthouses. A
parabolic reflector is mirror which fol-
lows the mathematical curve from which
il takes its name. The light is placed
as nearly as possible in the focus, and
the rays of light, instead of being scat
tered by plane reflector, are projected
forward in nearly parallel lines. Loco
motive headlight are made on this prin-
ciple, which accounts for their power Of
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

maintained from time immemorial At
first they were fed by wood, and later by
coal, the later being used on the coasts
of Sweden and Norway as late as the
year 1916. In 1850 wax candles were
first used in lighthouses, those made OF
talow being afterward introduced. The
argand burner was introduced in
20 England i'm 1855, and, in con-
nection with the parabolic re-
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05
CHICAGO In TIE LEAD.
NOW CONSTRUCTING A WON
DERFUL LIGHTING PLANT.

A History of misunderstanding Six Etas
of Light; Wood. Lamps, Candles, Gas.
Kerosene, and Elec ricity-Tno Electric
Light the King of Them AIl-The Prin-
ciple Upon Which IL Is Constructed
How Coal Ii Turned Into an Electric
Current
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

the positive end OF the wire burns away
Just twice as fast as the one at the mega
tive end II bsr of steel is magnetizcd
by rubbing il upon a natural magnet or
loadstone one end becomes positive, at
tracing light objects and having a ten
dency to point TO the north, the other
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

A PARIS milliner has made ten
strike by teaching her parrot to say
every time fair client enters, "Oh,
amt you just lovely"
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

penetrating the darkness. In the United
States the first lighthouses were illu-
minated by tallow candles. Lard oil has
long been the standard, though electric
lights are now employed where a current
can be obtained.
This brings US TO the sixth and last era
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

IT is said that money can never give
happiness. This is an experiment,
however, that every man wishes to try
for himself.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05
HILEdnrl1-

HILE dark
ness cover
ed the face
Of theearth
God sa i'd,
IettheFe be
light.
Il V @ +
since the
issuance of
the divine
comma n d,
W h | C h
marked the
beginn ing
of tim
at least so
far as this
i o w e +
world is
concerned,
light h n 5
b g q n re
garded a $
I he chief
g 5 I a n d
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05
COSTUMES FOR BOYS.


suits for Fall and Winter Wear.
A ough-and-ready suit for schoe.
boys is the Norfolk. 1t is made o
rough cheviot in small checks OF
stripes. The jacket is plated front
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-11-05

Bench by President Lincoln in 1862,
and when Salmon p. Chase died it
was thought he would be made Chief
Justice. President Grant, however,
appointed Waite, and Justice Miller
outlived him and saw new man take
his place upon the bench.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Prince Bismarck's Hostility.

BERLIN, September 4.-The Ham,
burger Nachricb ten, which is accept
ed as Prince Bismarck's organ, few
days ago published an article CRITICS.
ing the manner in which the govern
ment dealt with the rumors concern
ing its attitude towards slavery in
East Africa.
The North German Gazette, the
government organ, replying to the ar
ticle, says that the government de-
clines to be dictated to by the Mach
richten, and justifies the meeting of
such canards at times by straightfor-
ward denial instead of by diplomatic
shuffiing. The Gazette, in the course
OF it's remarks, makes an incidental
attack upon the persons who inspired
the criticism.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
RAILROAD LOCALITIES.

There was wreck on the |. e. &. N,
near Overton, last night. The passenger
coach upset and caught fire, more or less
injuring twelve persons, among them DR..
J. B. Cranfill, the well known prohibition
advocate.
The Houston and Corpus Christi trains,
when leaving and arriving, stop at the
Fair grounds, until the road runs the
regular Fair Ground trains.
Superintendent Mulvey, of the South
ern Pacific, left for Houston yesterday.
The last lot of dynamOs for the power
house of the San Antonio Street Railway
company have arrived over the Sunset.
Wynn r. Andrews, c. A. Merriam and
w. H. Reilly, of the S. A. p, left yeSter-
day afternoon in their special car Tacaleo,
for Kerrville.
Passenger Conductor w. II. Schaefer,
of the Southern Pacific, is laying off and
Ed. VanVlGck has taking his run mean
while.
Six more Sunset specials passed through
here today. This makes seventeen spe-
Gals passing through here from Califor-
mia in the last eight days.
The st. Louis, Arkansas and Texas
road and the G. c. & S. f. line have made
one fare rate for the st. Louis EXPOSE
ton, good for return until the Goth inst.
C. C. Curtice, travelling passenger agent
of the Vandalia line, is IN the city.
w. A. Abel, travelling passenger agent
of the Chicago and Alton railway, is in
the city.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Queen Victoria's Veto.

MONTREAL, September "a. - The
case OF r. N. O'Brien, who was ar
rested on a charge of criminal libel
for publishing the story about Prince
George having been engaged in a
street fight here, which was post
poned from Saturday until this morn
ing, was today further adjourned
until tomorrow morning. 1t is learn
ed on the best possible authority that
the case will be discontinued. 1t is
claimed that Gov. Gen. Stanley has
received cable dispatch from the
queen signIfying her disapproval of
proceedings taken against a subject
for private offense against a MEM
Der of the royal family. 1t is held
that the dignity of the royal family is
without peradventure, and their
morals are not affected by ascurrilous
story. 1t is also said that Her Males
tvs command was imperative that
the proceedings should be stopped.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Dynamiter's Getting Ready.

LOUISVILLE, September pat
Frankfort today what appears to be a
plot to blow up the penitentiary was
discovered. For some days James ii.
Campbell, who has just finished a
two-year term, has been lurking
about Frankfort, apparently in COM
munication with friends inside the
penitentiary. Today a satchel of
Campbell's was examined and it
was found to contain eighteen dyna-
mite packages, foot and half each
in lengths, together with 800 feet Of
fuse. 1t is believed Campbell was
planning to liberate some of his
friends during the excitement occas-
Toned by the explosion.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Run AWAY Accident.

Yesterday afternoon Miss Jessie futile
was thrown out of her yellow cart on
North Flores, near Marshall street, by
her pony becoming frightened at some
skittfsh mules being driven by. Her cart
collided with Mr.. Webb's cart and his
little child was thrown out but was not
seriously.
Mr.. Tutte'S little girl was thrown so
fOrcibly as to render her unconscious, and
she was carried into Mrs. +. l.. CaldwellS
residence by Mr.. August Santleben and
DR.. c. T.. Fisher, who was calling near by,
attended her, and administered reStora
tives and she was sent home. No bones
were broken and her only injuries were
from the fall and shaking up.
Mr. Webb'S child was carried into the
residence but was found to be unhurt.
T,.p cart was rendered a total wreck as
was also the harness Of the pony.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Labor Outlook Improved.

SYENEy, September 24.-The pros
poets of a conference between the
employers and the union are more
favorable. 1t is not expected that
the union will execute its extreme
threats.
Melbourne employers have replied
to the union that conference will be
acceptable if freedom of contract is
assured.
Another batch of non-union wool
was loaded at the quay today. The
police aud military were on guard
and the laborers were not molested.
The leaders of the strikers have
ordered their men not to interfere
with the men at work.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Cotton Shipping Federation.

LONDON, September 22.-General
Boulanger's forthcoming reply to his
detractors will consist of book con-
tanning about 200 pages.
Advices from Cairo state that the
Egyptian cotton crop is expected to
show heavy yield. The quality of
the product is excellent throughout.
The newly formed shipping fedora
ton now embraces nearly all of the
shipowner's interests of the United
Kingdom. Its objects are to deal
with labor questions of all kinds; to
protect the officers of crews and the
servants of ship owners, against in
timidation on the part of trades Or
CARNATIONS or their members; to
coun teract the effects of agitations
against shipping interests; to indem-
Nifty ship owners whose vessels
are detained by the authority of or in
consequence of measures taken by the
labor orders. Other industries and
interests more or less associated with
shipping are connecting themselves
with the movement. 1t Is virtually
vast mutual insurance company
against unjust strikes. Free
labors agents, of whom there
are already many in Great
Britain, will be encouraged to
keep lists of non-union men will
ing to be employed, aud in the event
of strike such men will be engaged
at higher wages, if necessary, than
that paid to unionists. The fedora
ton has adopted for a motto "de-
tense not defiance" Operations are
TO be controlled from central offices in
London and immediate relief SUP
piled in any part of the three king
dOms.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
About the Orphans.

Protestant Home for Destitute Children
space in the Fair building has been given
to the directors of the home, for a bazaar
or sale of fancy and useful articles. The
proceeds will go to the fund to complete
the new building, which will be finished
in November. Send donations to 2O2
Main plaza. Saturday, October 4, a cake
sale will be held at Collins & Peck'S by a
number of young ladies TO buy beds for
the new home. A kind cooperation in
their work is asked from all. Donations
of cakes and purchases for them, Will
both be welcome.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Street Car Plunge.

CHICAGO, September ga Lin
coin avenue car, No. 155, of North
Chicago Street Car company, which
had twelve passengers aboard just
before the accident, went into the river,
at the Clark street bridge which had
been turned to let barge pass. All
the passengers and the driver jumped
and escaped, though one mad to swim
for it.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Don't Like Johns Talk.

BERLIN, September A.-The North
German Gazette and the Hamburger
Nichrichten refer in harsh terms to
to the unfriendly attitude of leading
English journals, and especially the
Times, in their criticisms upon the
alleged re-esta blishment of the slave
trade in German East Africa. 1t is
held that the facts do not justify the
noise that has been made over the
matter
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Reverse their Judgment.

WASHINGTON, September 24.-Twen-
ty-five business firms in various lines
of trade in Chicago, headed by Hen
ry w. King & Co., who heretofore
protested against the passage of the
Torey bankruptcy bill, have with
drawn their names from the protest
and requested the immediate enact
ment of the bill. Senator Cullom to-
day presented the petitions.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
POSTPONED.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL.,, September "a
United States Circuit Judge Gresham
here to hear the injunction against
sale case of Edward FL. Litchfield
versus the st. Louis, Alton and Terre
Haute line, Of the Big Four, post
poned case, Oh account of his son be-
ing stock holder.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
No Hurry About 1t.

DUBLIN, September 24.-Mr. Par
nell desires to wait until after the
trial of Messrs Dillon and OBrien to
see whether it will still be possible
for them to 60 to America, believing
that the delay Will not affect the
object of their mission. His health
will not permit him to make a per-
sonal visit to America.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
A Deficit Over S2,OOO,OOO.

LONDON, September 24.-The liquid
ators OF the Union Bank of Capetown
report that the deficit. in addition to
the total loss of the fully paid up cap
ital and reserve fund, amounted to
e4ll 900. The report recommends
that first call be made upon the
share holders for SlOo per share, paya-
able in ten monthly installments.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Fernlnst the Lard Bill.

WASHINGTON, September 24.-Sen-
ator Blair, of New Hampshire, present.
ed today memorials of Republicans OF
Jefferson parish, La, of the Tenth
Ward Central Republican Club of
New Orleans, and of the Screwmen's
Benevolent Association of New Or
leans, protesting against the passage
of the lard bill.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
Weather Report.

WASHINGTON, D. c., September "A.
Rain in lower Mississippi valley
and everywhere warmer, rising in
Indiana, Illinois and elsewhere, but
colder in lake regions, where killing
frost has fallen. Indications for
Texas-Louisiana, fair and northerly
winds.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
A Whale to Blame.

SAN FRANCISCO, September "a
Reported that two boats of the whaler
Winthrop were wrecked by whale
they harpooned. Two men killed and
one had leg broken.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
REAL ESTATE.

Deals and the Prices They Bring.
Sarah b. Smith to f. Leimgruber, lot ,,
block ., Lachapelle street, $3.50.
Sarah E. Eager to Albert Fl. Stow, lot
Is, block 3. city lot 106, sos.
s. 8. Thomas to D. w. Muller, lot s, on
East Commerce street. $1,000.
Jesus VALDEZ and wife TO n. Guerra and
wife one-haf of lots l and 2, block 1, LO-
PEE street. 500.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1890-09-24
A Fearful CONFEDERATION.

BERNE. September 24.-The village
of Ruth, in the Canton of st. Gall,
is on fire. Three hundred houses have
already been destroyed. The loss of
one life is reported. All the people
whose houses have been burned are
in q destitute condition.