davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-12-10
Fig Culture in Foreign Countries.
DIGEST OF CONSULAR REPORTS ON FRUIT
CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
NUMBER III.

All reports to the contrary notwith-
standing we have not made success OF
fig culture in Florida. The causes Of our
failures are not so evident as the failures
themselves Our climate it is thought is
exactly suited to the industry, and our
soil is very similar to portions of the
country where fig culture is the leading
and most profitable industry.
These two requisites being admitted we
must look elsewhere for the causes of
failure. 1t may be in the cultivation,
and possibly that as yet we have not
tried congenial varieties.
AS giving an insight into the industry in
other countries, we publish the following
extracts from the consular reports on
fruit culture in foreign countries:
In Naples and vicinity the trees attain
a height OF thirty and forty feet and a
diameter Of eighteen inches at the trunk.
The trees are neither irrigated, fertilized
or cultivated. Some of the largest trees
yield as much as 900 pounds of green
fruit per year.
The trees are pruned in the usual man
uer every two years during the month OF
January. The trees bear protitably for
one hundred years.
Consul Carroll, of Palmero, says that
The intrOdution of the fig tree into
Italy is so remote that it is difficult to
even approximate the period thereof.
Pliny refers to a tree which existed long
anterior to the founding ofsRome, under
which the citizens of that city were won't
to assemble to discuss the topics of the
day, years thereafter. Tradition ascribes
this tree to have been that under which
Remus and Romulus were found, and in
cOmmemOratiOn thereOfit was preserved.
The fig tree grows spontaneously in the
arid wastes of Greece, Asia, aud Northern
Africa. In countries where the thermOm-
eter does not fall below 500 Fahrenheit
the growth and maturing of the fig pro-
ceed without any appreciable Interrupt
ton, but in colder countries upon the
advent OF the first frost the fig tree loses
it's leaves and those seed receptacles
which, under favorable circumstances,
would havecontinued to. develop, harden,
and remain inert until the following
spring, when, with the return OF warm
weather, they resume their growth, being
the first tC mature in the summer The
FIGS thus resulting are denominated ''fg
flowers" in order to distinguish them
from those which first appear in spring
and mature later.
In hot countries the fig tree grows to
large proportions, and in isolated and
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-12-10

tie. Stable manure does not suit the fig;
ashes and rags are better adapted to it.
PRUNING.-The fig is never pruned, as
pruning causes the wood to rot; dead
branches only are removed.
PICKING AND CUEING-Figs for drying
are left on the trees until they are over
ripe and soft. The season for gathering
depends upon the time of Towering. The
varieties that produce two crops a year,
such as the fico albo and fico petrociano,
bear their first crop in June and July
and their second crop in September and
October. The fruit of the one crop var;-
ties, the brogriotto, graziano, catalano,
ripen in September and October
Figs for market are gathered atsunrise
Or at sunset. Figs for drying are ge h
cred at noon.
A small plot Of land, near the farmers
house, is carefully swept and inclosed by
temporary brush fence In this space
large fat trays, made of reed cane
and laid OH the ground and the figs
to be dried are spread out upon them.
The figs are turned over daily at noon
until they are thoroughly dried. They
are left out at night unless it rains. Some
figs are dried whole, others are cut in two.
When dried the figs are strung on pieces
Of split cane twenty-four inches inlength.
II fig does not split open when pressed
between the first finger and thumb, it is
thoroughly dried and ready for exporta-
ton.
Should it rain on figs put out to dry,
they are put in an oven and dried. Figs
dried in an oven are inferior to those
dried in the sun. These figs are never
dipped in any kind Of solution whatever.
They are cured simply as above stated.
The exporter, not the grower, boxes this
fruit.
PLANTING AND PRoPAGATING.-Prope
ly speaking there are no fig plantations.
Figs should be planted from twenty-four
to thirty-six feet apart-dwarf varieties
from fifteen to twenty-four feet.
The best varieties are prOpagated by
budding. The fig is also propagated by
cuttings-the cuttings are set in winter;
no manure is used. Old fig trees are cut
down and the most vigorous shoot sent
up by their roots takes their place.
MATURITY. Very few trees live forty
years The tig begins to bear the year it
is set out and es on bearing as long as
it lives. At twe1<lB1 produces it's maxi
mum crop.
INSECT PEsTs.-The Cossus li9niperda,
large night moth, destroys nearly every
tree that it attacks. The homopter, the
Columnea testudinata, covers the trees
with little pustules Zig tree scale or
mange) as it feeds on the tender twigs,
leaves and fruit. Remedies: Bleed the
tree or sprinkle it with amixt ture OF kero-
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-12-10
DeLand, Fla, Wednesday. December 10. 1890

TREE PLANTINg.-The above named
varieties are grown throughout this prov
ince. They are not planted by them
selves but are scattered through the
vineyards, groves, orchards and pasture
lands.
DISTANCE FROM SEA.-The fig thriyes
ten miles from the sea-shore The brogiot-
to and the petrocanO do better nea4 the
sea than any other varieties. The grail
ano is i'll adapted to low levels and sea
breeZos.
ELEvAT1oN.-The fig does well at an
elevation of, 900 feet above the sea-level
EXPOSURE TO SUN.-All exposures suit
the fig. A northern exposure is the least
desirable.
Hill-sides suit the fig best
At but slight elevation above the sea
the fruit is insipid and soon spoils. The
finest trees are to be met with at an ele-
vation OF from 900 to 1900 feet above
the sea. Upland fruit has the highest
flavor and the best keeping qualities.
Soil, ETC.-The fig delights in afriable,
dry and somewhat cold soil, composed
in special of the detritus CT calcareOus
rocks. Tt shuns wet and marshy soils
The best soils for figs for drying are hill
sides OF disintegrated calcareous rocks Of
the Tertiary and Quaternary periods.
Soils in which sulphur abound are excel
lent for the fig.
CLIMATIC INFLUENCES. Spring frosts
and autumnal fogs are disastrous to the
fig; the former kill the young buds and
the latter cause the leaves to fall eff,
which prevents the fruit from ripening.
TEMPERATURE.-Th fig requires tenn
perature of from 2So2to $50 Fahr., aver
age temperature, $50 Fair.
RAINFALL.-The fig requires from twen-
ty-two to twenty eight inches Of rain an
nually. 1t suffers greatly during pro
tracted drouths. Spring and summer
rains are always of benefit to the fig
September rains are most injurious; they
are heavy and so charged with nitrogen
Gus salts that they cause the nearly ripe
fruit to split.
Observation-Disclosures is not required
by the fig. When grown in orange and
lemons groves which are subject to irri-
cation the fig produces a large crop but
it's fruit is inferior in quality and is lack
ing in keeping qualities.
CULTIvATIoN.-The fig might we'll be
called the pariah amongst plants. 1t is
rarely worked-occasional the soil is
stirred around the base of the tree lin
November). When grown with orange
andlemon trees, vines, etc, being worked
when they are worked, it comes into
bearing early and dies early.
FERTILIzERs.-In II this district the fig is
not even fertiliyed with it's own leaves,
which are gathered and fed green to cat
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-12-10

favorable Localities it assumes a beauti-
full form, without need OF modifca ton or
pruning. It's branches project themselves
regularly toward the earth from year to
year, and finally reaching and entering
it they throw out new roots, thus forming
additional sources of propagation.
The tree prospers best in a deep, rich,
moist, calcareous soil, but in a warm
climate it will grow in almost any soil.
The fig treeis propagated from the seed
slips, and roots, as well as by grating
but the former method is rarely resorted
to on account of he slOwness thereof and
only under peculiar circumstances.
A good method topropagate the fig on
large scale is to amputate a youngtree
at a point Of about two inches from the
ground and as a result, and soon there
after, a myriad OF sprouts or branches
present themselves which in due time may
be bent az d the ends thereof buried in
the ground to the depth of few inches.
After the branches in question take root
they should be amputated cl Sc to a
Joint, thus detaching them from the par
ent tree, each of which then being a sep
arate tree, may be planted at pleasure.
There are many varieties of figs, differ
ing in size and color, the white growing
larger, and, in fresh state, not stand
ing transportation.
The fig in most favor hereis that known
as the "Indian fig" 1t is a native of
South America and is the dried fig ofItal-
ian commerce. 1t only prospers, how
ever in southern countries, and in calca-
reous ground without too much moist
ure, etc.
In portions OF Sicily trees are planted
about twenty feet apart; they are never
irrigated, withstanding without injury
severe drouths. The cultivation is very
simple, and it does not require much
labor to be done. A good digging in
summer and winter time is more than
sufficient. The trees are never fertilized,
UuU Ou CllO lduO6s UuO CCLl Ill 10 1Ou1ONCu
from around the trunk roots of the trees
in order to give them air. Pruning is
done by cutting off all the dead branches,
and the best time to do so is in the
months of March and June, or when the
pitch is dry In hot climates, however,
pruning is not considered necessary, for
the reason that he'plant is one Of those
which left to itself yields always good
crops.
In the report of .. S. Consul Jones, at
Messina, we find the following interesting
article on fig culture:
VARlETIEs.-The best varieties for dry
ing are the fico albo, whitefg (round) and
the fco petrociano, purple fig (oblo-g).
The pest varieties oreating when ripe are
the brogiotto, the adottato, the grail
ano, the catalano, the palermitano, the
verunio (winter ig), and the lardaio.
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28

Visiting and calling cards at this
Office.
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28
are going north.

j. w. Jones, of Oelrichs, is bending
every effort to secure the election to the
legislature this fall. This the STAR
gives as authentic. After the smoke of
the fall election has cleared away there
will be a good many fellows that
didn't get votes enough, and Jones
will-well Jones will he in the soup
so TO speak. After his treachery to a
home man last fall he cannot hope
for much support from Oelrichs and be-
cause of his continued and unwarrant-
ed attacks on Hot Springs and her cit
liens he cannot look for a very united
support at this place and as for the bal
ance of the coanty-well Oelrichs and
Hot Springs both have friends. Sup
pose Jones did get the nomination at
the hands Of the republican party
and then suppose every republi-
can in Fall River county should do as
Jones did last fall how many votes
would Jones get at the polls? The an
swer is plain; just one--no more no
less-fo: Jones would vote for himself
because Jones if he received the nomin-
alton would vote a republican tick
ct, a thing he did not do last fall--but
then. "don'tcher know 'twould be diff
fereut."
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28
$4,000 REWARD.

We will pay $4,000 reward for the
arrest and conviction Of any person or
persons found guilty Of altering or de.
facing brands, and for stealing or un.
lawfully killing any cattle or horses
belonging to us, sufficient to constitute
grand larceny; and $4,000 reward for
the arrest and conviction Of any person
Or persons found guilty Of stealing OF
unlawfully killing any Of u cattle
not sufficient to constitute grand lar.
ceny. AxGLo-AxEMcAx CATTLE Co.,
by J.. j. Cairnes, Mgr.
KEYSTONE CATTLE Co.,
by II. A. GODDARD, Mgr.
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28

This is the season when the follow.
ing illustrated news local will go the
rounds of the press.
The
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28

a ee,nsinnal eoughiaeg I. very snaeyingt 70 per.
besides Il % Of great damage to the throat and
lung, and y exceedingiy d.ngsrous ct this reason
Cough Syrup will relieve any Ordinary cough, and
this remedy costs NO more than the interior
grades that are thrown ON tho market to- scll q
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28
ADVICE TO MOTHERS.

Mus. WlNsLow's SoovmrNa SYRUP, for children
%teething, is the prescription Of one of tho best
female nurses and physicians in the uniteu states,
and has been uscd for forty vcare with never-fatl-
ing success by millions Of mothers for their chill
dren. Duringt! h rrocess Of teething its value 10
incalcnlable. 1t relieves the child from pain,
els, and wind-colic. by giving health TO the child
ttsests the mother. Price 26c. o bottle.
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28

Jones keeps it right up. All that is
necessary is to give a man like him rope
enough and he will hang himself aud
there wont be any weeping at the hang
ing. Week before last he claimed be
mentioned DR.. Stewart for congress.
long before anyone else thought about
it. Last week he claimed he Knocked
Benedict out Of the craftsmanship Of the
republican central committee. Next
week be will claim that he. elected DR..
Stewart to the state senate, and the
next that Hon. G.. G. Moody owes his
election to Jones, and that president
Harrison would have been a goner had
not Jones kindly consented to electhim
There is nothing like being a claimer
whether You tell the truth or not about
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28

II you ar any Of your family should happen Ia
be frishtfully burned OF ecalded, what have yonin
physician! a box Of Beggs' German Ealve q
hsnd 10 times like this would save . world. Of suf'
fering aud oftentimcs . doctor bill. - Il has NO
equal in cascs OF this kind. ~ well - lu6amrna.
uon Of allkinds. FRANK cAlLAnAE. Druggist.
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28
K soid,erss Home.
sioux city Journal.

sioux City Journal.
A party Of prominent Dakota men
consisting OF Capt. w. v. Lucas, Of
Chamberlain, Major H. 2. Eaton, Of
Hot Springs; L. s. Warren, Of Oelrichs
j. s. Baker Of ffermosa; w. N. Perry,
3. w. Holdredge and Hon. A. S. Stew.
art, Of Hot Springs, was in the city yes.
terday en- route fer Sioux Falls where
they will attend the Grand Army en-.
campment Of the department Of South
Dakota.
A reporter interviewed the party and
asked for information about the new
soldiers home which the statcis build
ing at Hot Springs. Capt. Lucas is Sec
: rotary of the board appointed by the
legislature to superintend The constrnc-
ton of the home. He stated the build
ing was nearly completed being all un-
der roof. 1t Is 1872 by 80 feet and is
three stories high with high basement,
which practically makes four stories.
1t is built of white sandstone of q
splendid quality, which is quarried
at Hot Springs. The building will be
finished in the best style and will have
all improvements-steam heating, hot
and cold water on all the floors. etc. 1t
will he large enough to accommodate
300 veterans.
When asked what would be the cost
OF the completed structure, Capt.Lucas
smiled as he replied that it was con-
tracted for $4,000. In response to
to the look Of astonished inquiry in the
face of the reporter the gentlemen all
smiled and explained that that was
the way they did things in South Da-
kota. "You see" explained Capt. Lucas
I'VE hardly import a single article of
the material of the building. The stone
is qrarried q few miles from The site Of
the building; the lumber is made from
timber of the Hills and costs us several
dollars per thousand less than if it were
imported. Even the lime we make
ourselves, and the only thing imported
for the building is iron and the window
panes aad glass
The gentlemen from Hot Springs all
united in declaring it the ouly town
in South Dakota. "Why," said one,
I've seen a man brought to the Springs
on Saturday so badly crippled with
rheumatism that he had to be carried
OH a stretcher to the hotel. He took a
bath each day in the water of the
springs and on Monday was able to
walk; he went away in a few days APP
parently completely cured of his trouble
and so it has acted in hundreds of
cases." The water certainly possesses
wonderful curative properties. 1t
bubbles up from the rocks at a uniform
temperature Of SO degrees the year
around. Fred Evans, of Sioux City,
who is heavily interested in the village
is building a sanitarium to accommo.
date forty or fifty guests at all times.
Anew hotels also to be built. and other
Improvements will he made. The
place now has a population of about
500.
This is the season when the follow.
ing illustrated news local will go the
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1890-03-28

When you need o mild laxative you should have
u medicine that will net on the liver and kidneys
as well as tue bowels. Bcgss' Vegetable Liver
Pills ere prepared expressly for this purpose.
Ineist on getting them, as they have no superior
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-13

Bolossy .Kiralfy' S latest triumph; 'sThe
Water Queen" will be the attraction at
the Newmarket this week. The play is
OF the spectacular order, and has been
wonderfully successful in the East. 1t
is strongly supported by cast of first
class actors and actresses, and is bound
to make a win.
. Capt. Swift" will be the card at the
Harris this week, and a first-rate attrac-
ton he will prove. The play had phe-
nomenal run IN London, where it was
played 800 successive nights to crowded
houses. Arthur III. Forrest takes the
Lending role in an admirable manner,
amt. the Harris will bill standing room
only every night this week.
; Bill Nye and James Whitcomb Biley
will give an entertainments at the PEG
PIES church on Jan. 81, this being the
sixth OF the star course readings, The
lecturers are both too we'll known to
need any sort of introduction, and large
houses are sure to welcome them.
b A realization of Jules Verne's
+ Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the
Sea- will be the attraction at the Mn
seu N this week. a submarine boat,
fashioned after the one described by the
author named will, be shown in addi-
ton to other great attractions.
Lottie Swain's Female Ministries will
make the bill at the Olympic this week.
The company is composed of first-rate
people, ana a pleasing performance is
promised. The programme will con-
clude each evening with ''The Sculptor's
Dream"
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-13
ST. PAUL PERSONALS,

B. Heineman, of Wausau, is at the Ryan.
E. F. Pierce, of Omaha, is Ryan guest.
r. B. Briggs, of Montana, is at the Ryan.
Frank Boyle, of New York, is a Ryan
guest.
W. H. Pratt, of St. Louis is a Windsor
guest.
E. W. G. Ferris. of Pittsburg, Pa, is at the
Ryan.
W. G. Brown, Of winona, is at the Mer-
chants.
j. A sleet of Neche, N. D., is at the Mer-
chants.
Arthur Everett. OF Boston, is Metropoli-
tan guest
Francis E. Matthews, of Merrill. Wis, is at
the Ryan.
W, NJ. Campbell, of Milwaukee, is at the
Windsor.
f. W. To mlinson, of LIE sueur, is at the
Merchants
j. A. Sears, of Great Falls. Mont, is at the
Merchants.
G. W. vanderslice, of Brainerd, is Mer-
chants guest.
Carter W. Damar, of Lexington, Ky, is at
the Windsor.
C, E. Davis, of Lake Crystal, is stopping at
the Merchants.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mcleod. OF Kentucky, are
Windsor guests.
Samuel johnson and wife, OF Saltwater, are
Merchants guests
L. Freeman, of Grand Forks, is stopping
at the Merchants.
A. X. Barbour. a prominent attorney of
Helena. is Ryan guest.
Miss Helen Sedgwick of the Kiralfy COM
pany, is guest at the Metropolitan.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-13

money on hand; and they also show that his
administration has paid out for Indebted
ness incurred prior to his election the sum
of $1.7l5.53. They further show that dur
ing 1889 there was paid out on account of
permanent improvements and labor. before
referred to, the sum of S9,997. %; these
$4,000.
Yet the Pioneer Press always insisted
there was no Indebtedness carried over
from the Merriam regime, and at that
time refused to publish communica-
ton from S. Nj. Owens showing there
was all actual debt of S5,7l5.79. Who is
right about these matters? The public
has the warrant to make the inquiry,
and demands the facts, and the meeting
of this week should so straighten up af-
fairs as TO leave no clouds and to relieve
the certain doubt now i'll the public
mind.
1t is believed that Fred G. PilIsbury,
of Minneapolis, will be elected presi
dent, and that, in all probability, Will
lam A. Van Slyke, of this city, may be
induced TO accept the position of vice
president
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1890-01-13
THE LOCAL BLIZZARD.
Wires Reported All Right, ant
Railroads II ave Little Trouble


Railroads Have Little Trouble.
'Itisn't an old-fashioned blizzar &, :"
said an old settler late last eve ming in
speaking of the storm which had pre-
vailed all day, ''but it's the next thing
to- it, and really makes one think of
winter and lots of snow"
The storm which swooped down upon
st. Paul yesterday, lasting all day and
nearly all night. was quite gen eral over
the southern, central AMI ca stern por-
lions OF the state, reaching as far
south as st. Louis and Memphis.
The local authorities of both the West
ern Union and North American tele-
graph lines at an early hour this MORN
ing reported that all their lines in the
immediate vicinity of st. Paul and Min
nesota in general were in good working
order.
Among the railroads vast difference
in the effects of the storm is found. The
Manitoba, Northern Pacific and the
Northern Wisconsin division of the
Omaha, all report little drifting, and all
trains on time. Indeed, the Northern
Pacific stated that the storm extended
but little west of Brainerd, and that the
Pacific express, which left st. Paul at
O'Clock, was on time at point consider
ably west.of Brainerd.
The Sioux City or Southern division
of the Omaha is suffering from the
usual drifts and is apt to be clogged up
for day or two. The train which left.
Sioux City last evening was three hours
behind between the starting point and
Worthington, with the worse cuts
between Worthington and Man.
kato. The River division of the Mil
waukee was not affected; but
the Iowa 81 Minnesota and Hastings &
Dakota divisions are both badly drifted.
The Minneapolis & st. Louis and the
Kansas City, too, are somewhat covered
up, the former rather worse than the
latter The worst drifting, however,
appears to be on those lines running