The enterprise. [volume] (Wellington, Ohio) 188?-1899, 1890-12-03

tines to the south as well as to the east and OF
the new markets opened for their surplus food
products, and tor many OF their manufactured
products.
had occasion In May last To transmit TO Con.
gross report adopted by the International
American Conference upon the subject OF the
Incorporation OF on International American
Bank, with view TO faciliteting money OK.
changes between the States represented In that
conference. Such an institution would greatly
promote the trade we ore seeking TO develop l
renew the recommendation that careful and
well guarded charter be granted. do not think
the powers granted should include those ordi.
arily exercised by trust guar nty or safe deposit
companies or that moro branches In the United
States should be authorized than are strictly
necessary to accomplish the object primarily
In view. namely, convenient form OF exchanges.
II Is quite important that prompt action should
be taken in this matter, In order that any ap-
propriations for better communication with
these countries. and any agreements that may
be made for reciprocal trade. may not be hin.
dered by the inconvenience OF making ex.
changes through European money centers, or
burdened by the tribute which is an incident OF
that method OF business
The bill for the relief OF the Supreme Court
has, after many years Of DISCUSSION, reached
position where nnsi action is easily attainable.
and II Is hoped that any difference OF opinion
may be so harmonized as to save the essential
features OF this very important measure. In
this connection earnestly renew my recon.
mendation that the salaries OF the judges OF
the United States District Courts be so read
justed that none OF them shall receive less than
1900 per annum.
The enactment OF national bankrupt law I
still regard as very desirable. The Constitution
having given to Congress Jurisdiction Of this
subject, IL should be exercised and uniform
rules provided for the administration Of the Of.
fairs OF insolvent debtors The inconvenienoes
resulting from the occasional and temporary
exercise OF this power by Congress- and from
the conflicting State codes OF insolvency which
4uNA Nal.w akA ~.
moved by the enactment Of q simple, inexpen.
sive and permanent national bankrupt law
The use OF the telegraph by the Postofnce Dc.
partment as o means for the rapid transmission
OF written communications is, I believe. upon
proper terms quite desirable. The Government
does not own and operate the railroads, and II
should not I think own or operate the tele.
graph lines II does, however. seem to be quits
practicable for the Government 10 contract
with the telegraph companies as II does with
the railroad companies, 10 carry at specified
rates such communication as the senders may
designate for this method OF transmission. I
recommend that such legislation be enacted as
will enable the Postofce Department fairly to
test by experiment the advantages OF such
use OF the telegraph.
II any intelligent and loyal company OF
American citizens were required 70 cata ogue
the essential human:conditfons OF national life,
do no. doubt that with absolute unanimlty
they vould begin with free and honest cleo.
erslly there IL growing and non.partisan de-
mand for better election laws. But against this
sign OF hope and progress may be set the de-
pressing and undeniabe fact that election laws
and methods are ounningly contrived TO secure
minority control while violence completes the
shortcomings OF fraud.
OIn my last annual message suggested that
the development OF the existing law providing
q Federal supervision OF Congressional cleo
tions offered an effective method OF reforming
these abuses. The need OF such law has man:
iiested Itself In many parts OF the country, and
its wholesome restraints and penalties will be
useful IN ALL The constitutionality OF such
legislation has been affirmed by the Supreme
Court Its probable effectiveness is evidenced
by the character OF the opposition that
Is made TO H. II has been denounced as
II Il we're q new exercise OF Federal power and
an invasion Of the rights OF the States. Moth.
ing could be further from the truth. Congress
has already fixed the time for the election OF
members OF Congress-. II has declared thatl
votes for members OF Congress must be byI
written or printed ballots. II has provided foiI
the appointment BY Circuit Courts, in certain
cases and upon the petition OF q cerI
tain number OF citizens, OF election superyisorsl
and made II their duty 10 supervise the regisI
tration OF voters as conducted by the State of1I
GERS; to challenge persons Offering 10 register
TO personally inspect and scrutinize the registryI
lists and 10 aix their names 10 the lists for the
purpose OF Identification and the prevention oil
frauds; TO attend the elections and remain With
the boxes till the votes are all cast and countedd
turns any statement touching the accuracy and
fairness OF the registry and election, and tol
take and transmit 10 the clerk OF the House oil
Representatives any evidence OF fraudulent
practices which may be presented TO them.
The same law provides for the appointment
OF deputy United States marshals 10 attend toI
the polls support the supervisors In the disl
charge OF their duties and TO arrest persons viol
lating the election laws. The provisions Of thiIl
familiar title OF the Revised Statutes have beent
put into exercise by both the great political pari
ties, and in the North as we'll as In the South,I
by the fling with the court OF the petitions rel
Quired by law.
II is not, therefore. n question whether w,l
shall have Federal election law. for we nowl
have one, and have had for nearly twenty years,l
but whether we shall have an effective lawl
The present law stops Just short OF effectiveI
ness, for Il surrenders 10 the local authorities all
control over the certihcation which established
the prima iaGie right 70 . q seat IN the House Of
Equality OF representation and the purity oil
the elections must be maintained, or oyeryi
thing that is valuable In our system OF goyerni
ment Is lost The qualifications OF an electofl
must be sought In the law. not In the oplnionsl
prejudices or fears OF any class, however powi
erfui
Tho path OF the elector to the ballot boxl
must be free from the ambush OF fear and thei
temptations OF fraud the count so true andl
open that none shall gainsay IT, Such lavI
should be absolutely nonpartisan and imparl
tial. II should give tho advantage TO honestly
there is nothing sectional about thlsI
creed. and II Il shall happen that
the penalties OF laws intended TO en-.
force these rights fall here and not there, Il
is not because the law Is sectional, but because,
happily crime Is located, not universal Nor
should II be forgotten that every law, WhetheI
relating 10 elections or TO any other subject,
whether enacted eJ the State or BY the nation,
constable, the posse comitatus, the prison, are
all and always behind the law.
One can not be Justly charged with unfriend.
liness TO any section or class who seeks only 70
restrain violations OF law and personal riaht.
No community will hnd lawlessness profitable
No community can AFFORD 10 have II known that
the officers who are charged with the preserya-
tion OF the public peace and the restraint Of the
criminal classes are themselves the prod
uct OF fraud or violence The mARistrAta
Is then without respect and the law without
sanction. The foods OF lawlessness can not DO
leyeled and made 70 run In one channel Tho
killing OF United States marshal carrying !
writ OF arrest for an election onense Is fall OF
prompting and suggestion 10 men who are pur.
sued by city marshal for crime against lifs
or property.
But Il is said that this Legislation will royiye
race animosties and some have even suggested
that when the peaceful methods OF fraud aro
made impossible they may be supplanted by IN.
Law gives 10 one qualined elector by :
influence. or detracts by 50 much
fsG% fatally arS Snp.s ssSs SSs SssS sSo .a s'H.0 = Sou,
and the anlmosities II is 10 evoke grow out OF
the fact that some electors have been accus,
toned 70 exercise the franchise for others as
we'll rs for themselves, then these animosties
ought not TO be confessed without shame and
can not be given any weight in the discussion
without dishonor.
No choice Is leit 70 mo but to enforce with
vigor all laws intended 10 secure 10 the citizen
his constitutional rights and 10 recommend
taat the lnadeQuacies OF such laws be promptly
remedled. II 70 promote with zeal and
opment OF the material interests Il serves.
and the Intelligence, peace and security under
the law OF its communities and its homes is
not accepted 40 sufficient evidence OF friendi.
ness 70 any State or section, con not ad con-
nlYanee at electlOn pranticeA that NOT onlY dla.