Abilene weekly reflector. [volume] (Abilene, Kan.) 1888-1935, 1890-07-17
DEPOSIT IN BOILERS.
demonstrations Must BE- Promptly Il
Moved to Avoid Explosion.

mONeu Go AVOID explosion
A large proportion of ruptures and
| explosions of steam boilers is directly
due to incrustation. Water that is APP
parently free from impurities, and
looks sparkling and bright to che casual
| observer; has; TO a greater er less de-
gree; mineral salts held in solution. A
very few grains of solid matter to the
gallon, whether dissolved or suspended,
being thrown down by boiling or evapo-
ration, will, in short time, by negli-
gence in the use of the blow and infre-
Quent cleaning, cause deposit to be
formed on the tubes and shell of the
boiler of unlimited thickness. The
deleterious effect of this formation is
due to its non-conductiveness. A de-
posit one-sixteenth of an inch in thick
ness has been shown by experiment to
require fifteen per cent. more fuel,
while adeposit of quarter of an inch re-
quires sixty Per cent. more to do the
same amount of work as clean boiler.
1t is readily apparent that it does not
require a great quantity of sediment to
very effectually increase the fuel bill
and add materially to the cost of pro-
duction. Not only is more heat neces-
sary to raise the water to the required
temperature, but it has not the cooling
effect it otherwise would have on the
plates. The additional heat soon re-
duces the metal to the granular and
brittle state of cast-iron. The Excess
sive heat causes bags and blisters,
necessitating expensive repairs, and, in
numerous cases, only the cohesiveness
of the layers of scale averting seri-
Gus disaster. CorroSion often takes place
between the incrustation and metal,
reducing the shell and tubes to a
dangerous thinness, in many cases one
half or quarter their usual thickness.
Engineers and boiler operators can
not be too careful and observing. Feed
water should enter a boiler in such a
way as to carry the impurities toward
the blow-off cock. These should be
open for awhile two or three times a
day, and, in case of bad water, much
oftener.
A boiler soould not be emptied while
it is hot. or enough heat is retained in
the brick-T ork to bake the deposit as
AZ - bACA dAHOSb on POSSAOAAASJ W ~
move the scale. Frequent washing out
of boilers is necessity. Safety Valve.
There are 413 species of trees found
within the limits of the United States
and Territories, sixteen of which, when
perfectly seasoned, will sink in water.
The heaviest of these is the black iron
wood found only in Southern Florida, |
which is more than 80 per cent heavier
than water. OF the other fifteen the
best known is the lignum vita and the |
mangroye. Texas and New Mexico are |
the homes of species of oak, which is
about one and one-fourth times heavier |
than water. and which, when green, |
will sink almost as quickly as bar OF |
iron 1t grows only in mountain
regions, and has been found westward |
as far as the Colorado desert, where it |
grows at an elevation of 10, 900 feet All |
the species heavier than water belong |
to tropical Florida or in the arid West |
and Southwest
Even tennis playing is not without |
It's superstitions. and every girl believes
that she will never become an expert if
she should get an elaborate suit before |