The morning call., 1890-09-07
CALIFORNIA.
Discovery and Settlement of the
Golden State.
Her Mission ries, Governors and Pioneers
Marshall's Glittering Find-Wonderful
Growth Of the Country.

So interviewer is the early history Of the coun-
try with that OF Mexico and Lower California
that ii is impossible to give synopsis of II with
out drawing largely the chronicles Of New
Spain, by which name Mexican territory was
known during the existence OF Spanish rule
THIS rule began with Cortez' conquest of Mexico
In 1519-but twenty-seven years alter Columbus
electrified the world by his discoveries-aud In tho
history of that expedition, published shortly
afterward by Castillo, one Of its officers mention
is made of California. fairly correct chart OF
the coast line is In tie work, but strange to saw
The authors description OF the country Is so
vague as TO be OF little value. Probably on this
account no reliance was placed upon 1t at the
time, for in all other chronicles up to the begun
ming OF the eighteenth century the writer's treat
Lower California as an island, While Castillo
distinctly laid IL down as peninsula. There Is
no evidence that C0reZ' Lieutenant complied
this part Of his work from personal observation,
but, rather, that he gathered the material for 1t
fom the natives-a labor OF great difficulty as
signs had 10 take The place OF language IN those
days Concerning the derivation OF the name
"California" the authorities disagree, but the
weight of opinion is that 1t Is corruption OF the
Indian term by which the country was desls-
mated.
No sooner had Cortez established the new
dominion Than the desire for further conquest,
coupled with the hope OF discovering shorter
route from the indies for their treasure
and spice laden galleons, prompted the
Spaniards to push their explorations Fleets
were al once fitted out and the coast searched In
all directions, but only those Will be followed
here in which CalIfornians to-day take interest
the expeditions which sailed toward the North
west from Navdad and Acapulco.
EXPLORATIONS BEGIN.
In the beginning those adventures were only
fruitful Of disaster. True, Zlmines, In 1887, ad-
ded Lower California to the growing empire but
he and those navigators who for 164 years fol-
lowed In his wake, brought back such imperfect
knowledge Of their discoveries that geOgraphers
were led astray until I'LL, when Father Kuhn0
dlsproved their theories by accurate observation
part, OF Castllos chart. Five years after
ZImines' discovery. and almost fifty years,
rigueZ Cabrillo sailed into the barbor which he
chrisIened San Miguel (aiterward called San
Diego,. and thus, ON September %. l542. be-
land of gold and glorious climate.
II Is claimed by some authorities
that he continued his voyage to The Oregon
Coast, and that lie IL was who named Cape Nell
docino III honor Of the iegning Viceroy Others,
however, assert Will as much particularly that,
the Isle OF San Bernardo, one OF the Santa Bar
bara group, and that to his pilot, Ferrelo, should
| the honor OF the more northern discoveries be
given.
Up TO this time the Spaniards alone seem TO
have been interested In The country. but In 1879
| Captain Drake, who was forced by the stress OF
In the little bay known now as brakes Bay or
Jacks Harbor." Two years before, he had left
England to capture the galleon which every
| twelvemonth carried home 10 Old Spain the rich
products OF the PHILIPPINE Islands. Meeting with
| success in his piiatIcal adventure, he was
| on his way home by the Cape OF Good
| Hope, when contrary Winds carried him 10
| New Albion, as he named his unex
pected discovery. Here lie made friendly
| advances to the Indians who reciprocated his
kindness, and went through a peculiar ceremony
| by which, rs he claimed. they ceded the country
| to him. Returning to England lie presented an
extravagant report OF his easy conquest 10 Queen
| Elizabeth and was rewarded for his services
| with knighthood. From this pretended cession
| arose England's claim TO the territory.
ALTA CALIFORNIA.
| In 1902, twenty-three years after Brakes
| landing, Don Sebastian Viscaino, at the instance
| Of the home aud provincial authorities, under.