davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
Ask Your Friends About IL.

Yonr distressing cough can be cured.
We know it because Kemp's Balsam within
the past few years has cured 80 many
coughs and colds in this community. Ite
remarkable sale has been won entirely by
its genuine merit. Ask some friend who
has used It what he thinks of Kemp's
Balsam. There is no medicine 80 pure;
none 80 enective. Large bottles Soc and
q ct AL druggists. Sample bottles free.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
LOCAL LIN ES.

We are with you with the finest line of
Watches that can be found anywhere in
the state, at LAKE, STRoBEL & Co.'S.
Native Strawberries from Cheshire, at
LADDs South Main street grocery.
Go to the Union Tea Company, for
good tea, coffee and spices, No 70 South
Main street.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
To- summer at Cape Nav.

WASHINGTON, June 13.-It is an
nounced that Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Nc
Kee, Mrs. Dimmlck and the children of
the White House will leave Washington
next Tuesday for Cape May and remain
there during the summer. The Prasi-
dent will probably make them weekly
visits until the adjournment of Con-
gross, after which he will remain at
the seashore throughout the heated
term.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
Notice to Contractors.


Sealed proposals for the construction OF sewers
y and appurtenances in East Main and
Hall streets will be received at the Office OF
the board of sewer commissioners of the city of
Waterbury, City hall, until o'clock p; m. Of
the 18th day of June, $780, at which hour the bids
will be publicly opened and read.
Bidders are required to state in their proposals.
their names and places of residence.
Each proposal shall be signed by the bidder,
for the execution OF the contract within the time
specified in this notice, in case the bid be ac-
cepted. The sureties of the both for the pro
posal and the contract must be satisfactory to
the Board of Finance. No bid will be considered
which has not responsible securities upon its &C
A certihed check for 5000 or its equivalent in
value payable to the order Of the city Of Water
bury and deposited with the Board of Sewer
sureties bond, if the certificate and bond for that
case are properly filed out
Blank forms vi prL posal and all information
may be obtaineu at office of the city engineer.
The person or persons TO whom the contract
may be awarded will be required to attend at
them, and execute the contract within five days
from the date OF the award, and IN case OF fall
ure or neglect SO to do, he or they will be con
sidered to have abandoned 1t, and as IN default
to the city OF Waterbury.
The right TO decline any or all proposals Is re-
| served. deemed for the interest Of the city:
by which the bids will be tested is AS follows: viz.
W linear feet OF eft by 3-fr brick sewer.
1861 linear feet of Is inch vtrited pipe sewer.
I45O linear feet l--inch vitritied pipe sewer.
25U linear feet of S-inch vlLrihed ipe sewer.
q 10 Manhoes.
approximate, and given merely as a basis of com
parison. The board expressly reserves the right
of increasing or diminishing the same ~ may be
deemed necessary by the engineer.
The rOpOsalS must be made upon blanks tur-
nished by the board. and all proposals will be
considered as informal, which are not in all re-
spects in conformity with this notice.
by order of the board of sewer commissioners
r. FLOYD WELD,
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

THE decision of Judge Sherman Of
Iowa, just made, to the effect that beer
can be sold in bottles, though shipped in
cases, appears to go a point further than
any ruling from the bench previously
given. 1t not only upsets prohibition in
Iowa, but tends to do away with the
need Of license.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
SOCIETY AND CLUB MEETINGS.

az Secretaries are requested to send in the
dates of meetings of societies, lodges and clubs
ing nights.
Meetings This Evening.
Second Advents.
Local Photo society.
Endowment rank, K. of P.
Townsend lodge, No 80, 1. o. F.
Speedwell lodge, No 10, X. of P.
Hawthorne lodge, Sons of St. George
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

WASHINGTON, June 13.-Ex-Congress.
man ]. Hart Brewer, of Trenton, New
Jersey, is being pushed by General
Sewe1l and the Republican leaders of
that State for an Appraisers hip na der
the Customs Administrative bill.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

If you want a Toilet Set, cheap.
If you want Vase Lamp, cheap.
If you want an Umbrella Stand, cheap,
If you wart Cup, Saucer and Plate,
with Id of tea.
II you want the best tea you ever used
for the p .ce, Call at Phelan's Tea Store,
Platt's Bioc'1, 81 Easj Main Street.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
Linen Mills S,losesl.

FALL RIVER, Mass, June 13.-The
American Linen Com pany has closed
Both it's mills for an indefinite period.
No cause is gi7en: =.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

, CONGRESSMAN SToCKBRIDGE Of Mary
land was so much pleased with a recent
speech OF Congressman Gear on the tar
if that he ordered 10000 copies at the
government printing Office and left
long list of his constituents to whom the
speech was to be sent. Says the Wash
ington Post HE expected to hear from
that speech in the shape of a largely in
creased republican vote in his diotrict in
November He heard from his effort to
spread knowledge on the tariff question,
but the result was not what he had bar
gained for. By a mistake on the part of
the mailing clerks copies of the tariff
reform speech of Congressman Crisp Of
Georgia were inserted in the wrappers
bearing Congressman Stockbridge's
frank, and the latter's district was liter
ally flooded with the document. Mr.
Stockbridge now understands why 50
many of his constituents wrote to him
to say that they thought it pretty fair
speech for the kind, but wondered why
he took the pains to send it out"
A QUEER case is on trial before the
supreme court of Rhode Island. The
Fifth national bank of Providence
loaned $1,000 to produce dealer named
Alserson, taking as security 392 cases of
eggs stored with the Providence Ware
house company. Alserson used the eggs
from time to time, but replaced those
taken by other eggs, so that there were
o1x in
Finally he failed, paying six cents on
the dollar and the bank looked for its
security, the eggs. When the bank
finally sent for the eggs they were
worthless, and the board of health
ordered them buried, which was done
pany for $1,000, claiming that they
agreed to keep the eggs safe, and the
company claims that they did keep the
eggs safe, not shell being broken, but
they could not prevent them from spoil
ing.
THE highly eccentric view advanced by
Murat Halstead, that the offence charged
against Mr. Quay of taking money from
the Pennsylvania treasury was excused
because Donald Cameron returned it
to the treasury from his pocket, is
badly upset by the decision of a New
York judge, who has sent a man to the
state prison for seven years and half
under the same circumstances. Says an
independent exchange We fell sure
that no one outside politics ever before
assumed that the moral guilt of an Of
fence was lessened because restitution
was made by third party. All things
tend to the retirement of Quay from his
position on the republican national COM
mittee before the next presidential cleo
ton, as we have predicted; and through
Pennsylvania cannot be deprived of the
unique distinction of continuing him as
her senator, he has just received a point
ed snub in the United States senate
which indicates that there are several Of
his republican associates who are more
choice in the political company they
keep then up to a recent period they
were supposed to be.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

- r. fnelan, ~ East Main street,
Great A. u. +. Tea Co, East Main street.
Union Tea Co. ~ South Main street.
Drugs and Med,cine.
Bart Bossidy, Al East Main street.
p. J. Bossidy, cor. Bank and Leonard street
Tobacco and CIGARS.
NJ. IL. Was. 70 South Main street.
Paul Asheim, los Bank and 10 Grand stree
Dentists.
S. w. Chapman, 1O1 Bank street.
Watches ana /e7,ex,>.
Lake, strobel & Co. Exchange place.
Hardware, Etc.
u. b. Wilson, II East Main street.
f. b. Field, I'll South Main street.
p. j. Bolan, "a and rs Bank street.
Bakery.
Kelly, North Main, South Main and Bank
Penmansh,p.
P. Z. Holly, 1871 Bank street.
Zanndr.eS.
E. Il. Davis & Co. Canal street
American Hand Laundry
Mrs. >. J. O'Donnell, Mohagan street.
Wall Paber.-Patnhng.
Oscar II. Valentine, Rink building.
l.. II. Haase. III Bank street.
Livery Stable.
Stiles A. Wheeler. rear Sc and So Bank street.
Austin's Stables. Scovill street.
Planes, Musical Merchandise.
r. G. Forbes. 225 South Main street.
Insurance.
F A. Granniss, SO Bank streets
Aaurice F. Carmody, Is East Main street.
Hotels,
Earle House, Bank street.
United States Hotel, New Haven.
Nez0 and Second Hand Houses
NJ. Ehrlich, So East Eain Street.
George E. Sheridan, 1871 South Main street
SpeckaeIes.
+. S. Grant, 145 Bank street.
Reskau,0pk.
Charles F. Smith. 81 East Mai,> street.
j. K. Burns, "A Bank street.
Plumbing.
Donahue Adamson, 20 East Main street.
Railroads.
N. Y, N. H. & ii.
N. Y. & N. X.
M. s. w. & c. r.
C2at,voyanf.
Mrs. A. W. Bishop, 24s South Main street
AmuSemenks.
Jean Jacques.
Confectionery.
IF. L. Scott, 45iEast::Main street.
Meals.
s. BOIL, "a South Main street.
Uudertakeys.
Martin Bergen. GO South Main street.
John Meriarty, 20 Grand street.
j. M. Burial s. Co, so Bank street.
W. II. Hunt, 81 South Main street.
physicians and Surgeons.
Henry F. Gill. M. D., 1856 South Main str
DR. G. w. s. Frost, 1877 Rank:street.
Real Estate AGENTS.
D. H. Tiernev, 131 Bank street,
A. F. Abbott q Son, 102 Bank street.
F. b. Rice,
8. p. Williams. IS South Main:street.
Sample Rooms.
James e. Watts, loe South Main street.
T. h. Hayes. "a East Main street.
Ed Kane. 10 Scovlll street.
James W, Hodson, IS Exchange pl.ce
Henry Murphy, 43 EastfMain street.
Fruin's Wine Room, 1s9 Bank Street,
RrOfhoro M On Met.
Trainer Hammell, 81 East Main street
Coal and Wood.
N. w. Greenman. 70 Bank street,
Miller & Strickland. 1O7 Bank street,
Fred j. Wood, s31 East Main street.
City Lumber and Coal Co.
F2ozUers. '~7"-
A Dallas, So Bank streel.
w J. Snow. ~ Exchange Place.
Brewers and BotAers.
Hellmann d Kipp.
G. Z. Miner. Q No. Elm street.
Paper.
R. E. Hitchcock 8 Co, "a and 20 Canal sts.,.
CARPETS and Lbholsteyine.
Elkins d Wake, 1928 to 1877 South MaiD stree,
Proprietary Medicines.
G: H. Grayes& Sons, Boston
Aliens New Discovery.
Photographs.
R. A. Dickson. Rink Building,
NODeAy Store.
Boston go Store, 1as South Main street.
Frank =. Fenner. 1si Bank street.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

Delivered by carrier to any part OF the city, or
sent by mail ut the following rates:
One Year. p -. $500 Three Months. 81 .25.
Six Months. .... 80, One Month, 42c.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
FOR SALE

Two large New Houses on
Baldwin street. One large
Double House on Second ave.
and two New Houses on Chest
nut avenue.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
Phelan's Advertisement.

Dr.. g. W. s FROST, 1877 Bank street
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

Entered as second class matter at the Water
bury Postofice.
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13

F. b. II &c e .
Waterbury evening Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1887-1895, 1890-06-13
OUR DIRECTORY
Clothing, furnishings, Etc.

Clothing, Furnishings, Etc.
Epson, Singleton & Co 90 Rank street,
j. B. Mullings, Bank street.
Waterbury One Price Co, 106 Bank street 8
L. I. Storm. 159 1-2 Bank street.
Fulton Christopher, q Phoenix avenue.
p F. Il R. G. Snagg, 60 Bank street.
Dry Goods, Millinery, Etc.
e. T. Turner Il Co, Exchange place.
Miller q Peck, 81 South Main street.
I. Chase. Arcade building
j. F. Charters & Co, 10 and IL East Main street
w. d. Scott g. Co, 10 and IL East Main str. Ct
T F. Judson,
ReiG Il Hughes.
Nellie Charles, % Bank street,
Ensign & Co.. IS South Ma street.
B00ks, Shoes, Rubber Goods.
E. j. Finn, ID East Main street.
F. j. kametti, IL East Main street.
Damon d Shippy. lOs Bank street.
w. L. Douglas s. shoe.
Ryan & Ftzmaurice. 72 Bank street.
Furniture, Etc.
Waterbury Furniture Co, 20 Grand street
j. M. Burial & Co. 50 Bank street.
Eikins & Wake, 1S8 to 127 South Main street,
W. H. Hunt. rs and n South Main street.
Groceries, Feed, Teas.
Quintard Il Merriam, 100 Bank Street,
William II. Collins. 1856 South Main street.
Downs & Sanford, % North Main street.
w. N. Ladd, Sc South Main street.
NJ. j. Fogg, 1877 South Main, IS North Main.
1e1s, Cofees, Etc.
J. F. Phelan, q East Main street.
Great A. y. T. Tea Co, East Main street.
Union Tea Co, ~ South Main street,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1890-01-27

The road should be we'll drained and pro-
vided with paved cutters on each side to
convey surface water to the openings into
drain pipes end culverts. Sach road, for
pleasure driving, is perhaps the best that
caE b. made. A gravel covering to the
road-htd, carefully laid, about Is inches
deep, without The Telford paving, will make
good road for driving and the cost can be
very mach reduced.
The estimates provide fer either Telford
paving or Que o. gravel only. There ia an
ABUNDANCE Of good gravel throughout this
entire sec'ian ard no sck cf other material
10 make good reads The b-ick-yards along
the river between Washington and Alexan
dria are of easy access. nnd can supply ina.
teriai for cul7eris ind other constructions
st reasouabs rates Toe surface OF the
country aboun6s in coDble stones, which
will supply good material for side cutters
and can be broken up for read covering if
needed.
BY en- arbitrary inc.ease or diminutlon Of
grade the coat OF construction on any route
can bs increased or diminished. In order,
therefore, to make the estimate. Of cost on
the various routes comparable one with an
other, maximum grade had to DO assumed.
This maximum was fixed at 4 5 feet per
100 No sleeper grade ia provided for, and
wherever it can DE done without undue en-.
hancement OF the cost, the endeavor has
been to keep the grade down to aooul feet
iu 100 There sre but few places on any
route where the grade reaches re- maxi
mum Where the land is level a crsde Of
80 to 100 has been given 10 "a, ufe drain.
age.
The algnmsnts on the dffer.n routes
were run to secure oVerh cad crossn. $ to all
railroads where practicable. The valleys of
Big Hunting Creek and Four Mis- Run,
which have to be crossed. are occupied by
the railroad tracks of the Washington and
Ohio, Richmond and Danville, and AIexan.
drie and Frederick ksburg railroads. To
cross these roads OF grade would materially
decrease the cost of construction, but grade
crossings over railroads ought to be avoid
ed, and overhead crossings have been pro-
vided for in all cases where 1t was practice-
BILE to do so.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1890-01-27
Mount Vernon Avenue

Col. Eains il his report OF !he recent sur.
veg Of lho routes for Mount Vernon Avenue
says:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1890-01-27
BOOTS AND SHOES.
TheKli6hasb DeeDintoPFiceS

No. 1. Ladies' Kid tipped Button Boots, $1.1
No 2. Ladies' Goat Button Boots, 91c.
No. 3. Ladies' Grain Lace Shoes, &c.
No. 4. 800 pairs Mems Worked Slippers, SOC.
No. 5. Mems Calf Boots, pegged, 81 81.
No. 6. Mems Working Shoes, &c.
No. z. Boys School shoes, 88c.
No. 8. Misses Spring Heel Shoes, 76c
No. 8. Children Spring Heel Shoes 47c
No 10. 1000 pairs Ladies' Rubbers, 24c.
No. IL. 500 pairs Mems Rubber Boots, 1893.
No. H. 200 pairs Boys' Bootep 86c.
No. 13. Woolf's Acme Dressing, 10c.
No. II. We will make Rome bowl
No. 15. Last, bnt not lesstCUntil January first
we will allow discount of five per ct.
on all sales amounting to two dollars
and upwards at ~ ~ ,-,-
Kalfnal's. .Kalfnal's. Kalfhal's.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1890-01-27
AUCTION SALES.
N,RUsTEE's SALE
VALUABLE REAL ESTATE III TIE COUNTY
OF ALEXANDRIA

VALUABLE ZEAL ESTATE IN In Il COUNTY
OF ALEXANDRIA.
By virtue Of deed of trust executed on the Sth
day of December, 1888, by Richsrd Norris and
wife and recorded in deed book No. 4, page 292,
in the Clerks Office of Alexandria county the un-
dersigned, trustee, will offer for salo ut public
auction, NJ the front door of the Court House of
Ale1sndris county, about ~ o'clock midday Oh
MONDAY, the 24th day Of February 1880 that
being Court day., all that certain TRACT or PAR
GEL OF LAND, situated in the county of Alex.
andria, Virginia, and containing THIRTY.sIX
ACRES and ONE Rood, moro or less, it being
the ssme land upon which the said Richard Nor
ris now resides, and is distant shout three miles
from the city of Washington.
Terms Of Sale: Cash enough to pay the cost of
executing this trust and tho sum Of S346. .25 with
interest from the first day Of January, 1889, and
the residue on credit of one aud two years the
title to be withheld until all of said purchase
money, with six per cent. interest, shall havo
been paid. w. w. THORNTON,
JAM tt Trustee.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1890-01-27
MEDICINAL.
Il D0ct0r

Bill saved by always
keeping Simmons Liver
Regulator in the house.
If you have eaten any
thing hard of digestion,
Or feel heavy after meals,
or sleepless at night; if
you lead a sedentary life
or are weakened by the
strain of your duties; if
you need : cathartic to
relaxthe bowels; ifyoure-
quire action on the Liver
to relieve Indigestion;
if you. require something
to purify the blood and
regulat@ the system if
you are travelling in un-
healthy localities, or food
or water does not agree
with you, a dose of
Simmons Liver Regu-
lator will remove all
trouble.
OF Ga. and us. Senator
Joseph f. Brown says:
"You are ut liberty to. use my name In
raise of Simmons Liver Regulator, and
commend ii TO everyone as the ocsl
reven;iyc of Fever aud Aguc. IL supor
,des Ouiuiuc if taken in time"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1890-01-27
9A(lefanorIa Q6a1ette
PUBLISHED DAILY AND TRI-wEEKLY AT THE
Gazette Huilding. SO and SlI Prince st.

PUBLISHED Daily AND TRI-WEEkLH AT The
Gazette Building, $40 and 3lI Prince st.
Daily 90
Six w
One month w
TrWeekly one GO
Six months ...-............. 90
Three m onths.. l W
Contract advertisers will not be allowed exceed their
space unless the is paid for at transient rates
and under circumstances will they be allowed to
advertise other than their legitimate business in the
space contracted for.
All transient advertisements must be paid for in ad-
Marriage ard death notices must be paid for in ad-
Resolutionsn menorIam of thanks, tributes Of respect
resolutions adopted by societies persons, unless OF
public concern, will only be printed in this paper as
advertisements.
The GAZETTE Office is connected with the Telephone
Exchange. Advertisements, orders for the paper,
news, any information or business can be sent by
telephone.
Entered at the Postofce Alexandria, Virginia, as
second-class matter.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1890-01-27
FOR SALE AND. RENT.
EoR SALE.

FoR SALE
TWO NEW and CONVENIENT BRICK
HOUSES, Nos. 413 and AIS north st. Asaph
street, containing six rooms and q bath room
each, with good yards. Apply to 7 j a:,,n
JOHN 8. BEACH,
sep19 If 423 north St. Asaph street.
LOB RENT-The THREE STORY BRICK
u WAREHOUSE No. 113 King street, recently
occupiedzby G. s. Taylor, jr. Possession given
Immediately. Apply to ~ -. -
aug1S C. c. SMOOT & SONS.
FOE RENT-
THIRTY ACRES OF LAND.
lying Immediately in 'front.' of the Theological
Seminary, adjoining the farm of VIM. Cleveland.
Apply at this Office. sep15 II
Omaha daily bee., 1890-02-19

. W~AsHISeT6S, Feb, ls-The senate COM
mittee on agriculture today reported a sub
stitute for thefbill introduced by Faulkner
for the establishment OF a pure food division
in the departtient of agriculture, TO provide
for the inspection of live stock and to pro.
hibit the introduction of adulterated o. mis-
branded food or drugs, etc. The bill as
amended provides that the secretary of agri.
culture snail Organize a flood division" aud
appoint a chietsnt n salary of $4,000, procure
aud analyze samples of foods and drugs sold
in any state other than where they are man
ufactured. All manufacturers OF goods in
tended for shipment from one state TO an
other shall make application for a license to
the secretary OF agriculture, certifying that
the articles are not deleterious. The bill
strikes out the second, third and fourth sec
tons of the original bill relative to the
slaughter of animals ard with the exceptions
noted is the same as the old bill. II was re-
commiNed to the committee on agriculture.
Omaha daily bee., 1890-02-19
TN WOOL Market.

Boston, Feb. IS. Especial Telegram to
The BEE. There has been a fair business
in domestic grades of wool and sales to some
extent are expected at about previous prices.
Ohio wool has been sold at 31@32c for X, SO
@84c foS Xxx. 37@3Sc for No. /. with the
principal transactions at the inside figures.
Michigan X leeces are selling at 29@2916c,
No. l at 36c. Combing and delaine selec-
ti0ns are quite firm, but rather quiet. IN
washed combing woods nave been in moder-
ate demand. In territory there nave been
sales of fine at 560D5Sc, fine medium at 500
55c and medium ut 50952c. Secured Oregon
sells principally at 45@5Oc. Clean, Texas
and California have moved slowly. Pulled
woods are offered at low prices, but are
quiet, with sales Of super at 2S@35c and
extra at 22@2Sc. Foreign woods are firm.
Omaha daily bee., 1890-02-19
An Exhibition of microscope.

TIE ~"tercentenary of the il invention
OF compound microscopes" will be cele-
brated by a universal exhibition OF bot
any and microscopy, to be held at Ant
werp S1f1ng the present year, under
the Auspices OF NJ. Oh. de Bosschere,
president, M. Oh. Van Geert, secretary
and DIR. III. Van Heurck, vice president,
says Public Opinion. It is proposed to
organize an historical exhibition OF
microscopes and an exhibition of the
instruments of all makers, and of ac-
cessory apparatus and photomicogra-
ply. AT the conference The following
subjects will be discussed and illustrat-
ed: The history OF the microscope; the
use Of the microscope; the projecting
microscope aud photomicography; the
microscoplcal structure Of plants; the
microscopical structure OF plants and
animals; microbes; the ad~ulteration OF
food substances, etc. Communications
are to be addressed to M. Oh. de Boss
chere, Lierre, Belgium.