davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF THE TUNNEL.

were sunk on both sides of the river in
1887. The st. Clair Tunnel Company
was formed in the year 1886.
This great work became a necessity
by reason Of the growth Of traffic over
the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada,
the Chicago and Grand Trunk, the De-
trOit, Grand Haven and Milwaukee, and
the Toledo, Saginaw and Muskegon
Railroads. The steam car ferry now in
operation at this point was found in
adequate and also unreliable during a
portion of the year by reason of the
power of the currents eight miles an
hour and the ice in the river. A bridge
was impracticable, owing to the low
level of both shores and the great
amount Of shipping traffic of large
dimensions.
The walls of the tunnel, as indicated
in our smallest illustration, are formed
of thirteen cast-irOn segments and key.
These segmentS are cast with thirty-tWo
holes in them, twelve in each side flange
and four in each end. The inside
diameter Of the tunnel is twenty feet
The idea of substituting these seq
ments for brick work was suggested
by Mr.. Joseph HObson, of Hamilton,
Ont, the chief engineer of the st. Clair
Tunnel Company, and also chief engineer
of the Great Western Division of the
Grand Trunk Railway. Mr.. Thomas
Murphy. of New York, was the superin-
PENDENT of excavation. The mechanical
department on both sides of the river is
under the charge OF Mr.. J. T. Eames,
the engineer who invented the apparatus
for lowering the stupendOus shields into
their place, and also a system Of cocks
on the twenty-fOur hydraulic jacks sur
rounding the shield, whereby two men
can do the work of twenty-fOur. By the
simple opening of valve, the direction
of the shield could be shifted so as to
follow the engineers level.
Sir Joseph HicksOn at a meeting of the
directors some time since expressed the
conviction that the tunnel would be COM
pleted for traffic within eighteen months.
The subsequent rate of progress has so
far exceeded the most sanguine eXpecta-
tions and has so completely beaten the
record of all former similar works that
the talk now is that the travelling public
may be inspecting the interior of this
tunnel by the end of the year.
The shield to which the singular secur-
ity as well as the rapidity of this piece of
tunneling is due is the invention of Mr.
Alfred Z. Beach, of New York.
The mode of operating this piece of
machinery, which has reVOlutioniZed the
art of river tunneling, is graphically
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

''Tin dollars from aich,'' SEE he, ''wiII do,
An not clint
This side o. tinll let yez go!
Aha, Misther Ragin-a twinty, ohol
Coome, open yer hearts-poor Culligin's
dead,
An his wildly an orphins moost be fed;
Give all that yez kin, for Jasus' sake,
At Culligin's wake.
''I've locked all tn dures.'' an he jfngled
tn kays;
''Be lively now there
A twinty from Burke-well, tn twinty it
shtays,
No change kin we shpare.
Look here, Mickey D'yle," SEE his reverence
Eyer tn lasht on tn lisht-terror N
ounds!'' SEE he,
Whin 1 TUX up me pincil, wild bouldest of
sthroke,
An guy a big check on a bank-that's
broke
Bad scran to yez, Mickey, for that mishtake
At Culligin's wake.
''God bless, yez, me b'ys, it's a dacint pile,
1t is that, indade,''
SEE Father O'Bray, with a howly shmile,
Ez he oop an laid
A big wad 20 bills by the poor widdy's side
Bad cess to tn check that 1 guv, how it lied!
Then he lept on his hOrse-but tn haste ran
away,
An a corpse was poor Father O'Bray tn
mkt day;
But his sowl whit to God who had sint him
to shpake
At Culligins wake.
RAYENNA, Ohio
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

successful engineering feat or Its kind
on record. 1t is the longest river tunnel
in the world. being $3.50 feet in all, ?, 800
feet of which is under the river bed. Its
outside diameter is 81 feet. 1t is the
first cast-irOn tunnel of its kind. 1t has
been constructed at an unprecedented
rate. Its prosecution has been attended
with fewer casualties than any other
similar work, one broken leg being the
extent of the accidents, excepting two
deaths of workmen indirectly due to
disregard of the company's orders regu-
lating the use of air pressure.
What is perhaps yet more remarkable,
the cost of its construction will come
within the first estimate of three mill
ion dollars.
1t is a little more than one year SINCE
the tunnel proper was begun, the steel
shields having been lowered down in
clines into the cuttings in August, 1889.
Work on the cuttings, however, was
begun in January, 1889, and test shafts
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
A church sensation: Drowsiness.
The way Arade CIear

One of the most serious obstacles to sue
cess in the way of man is planted right in
the middle of the road to health. How to
restore and to maintain a regular habit of
body and digestion is too often a source of
needless and, unhappily, of vain inquiry. 1t
tic purgatives. They who nave used them
continuously know the consequence. A rem
edy which unites the action of a regulating
medicine for the bowels with that of a tonic
bath for those organs, the liver and the stom-
ach, is Hostetters Stomach Bitters, sane
toned by the best medical authority, and re-
ceiving daily the Endorsement of our fellow
cOuntrymen. With this effectual, though
gentle laxative at hand, it is possible to defy
those changes of temperature productive of
constipation, as we'll as constitutional at
tacks of biliousness, which beset even people
naturally healthy. Malaria, dyspepsia, rheu-
matism and kidney troubles are relnedied
and prevented by the Bitters.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
lust Like Him.

1t was told some years ago of a
Southern youth that one morning after
completing a somewhat protracted
toilet he turned to his servant and in
CURED: "How do 1 look, Caesar ?"
'Plendid, massa, 'plendid, was the
ready answer.
"DO you think I'll do, Cesar?" he
asked, surveying himself and giving
Caesar a quarter.
Guy massa, neber see you look so
fierce in all my life. You look jis as
bold as a lion I"
a lionl Whut do you know about
a lion? You never saw one, Cesar"
"Neber see a lion, massa! Guyi I
see Massa Peyton's Jim ride one ober
de mill cherry day"
ivy, you fool, that's a Donkey"
Cant help dat, massa, said Caesar,
you look lis like him"
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
portrayed by the main Illustration accom-
DaDvino this dpSpriDtiOn

portrayed by the main illustration accom-
panying this description.
The shield which is operated simulta-
neously from each end of the tunneling,
consists of strong cylinder somewhat
resembling a huge barrel with both heads
removed. The front end of the cylinder
is sharpened, so as to have a cutting edge
to enter the earth. The rear end OF the
cylinder for length of two feet or so is
made quite thin and is called the hood.
Arranged around the main walls of the
cylinder and longitudinal Herewith are
a series of hydraulic jacks, all operated
from common pump. each jack having
cocks whereby it may be cut OF from the
pump whenever desired.
Within the shields are vertical and
horizontal braces and shelves When at
work the iron plates or the masonry of
which the tunnel is composed are first
built up within the thin hood of the
shield; the hydraulic jacks are then made
to press against the end Of the tunnel
plates or masonry, which has the effect
to pash the shield ahead into the earth
for a distance equal to the length of the
pistons of the jacks, say two feet or not
quite the length of the hood, and as the
shield advances men employed in the
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

the millionaire, assisted by a picked
crew of four. The little craft is side
wheeler. The engines eat up two tons
of coal day and will prope1 the boat
about eight miles an hour. It is fitted
up plainly but comfortably. The after
for the children. has soft, red lsh-
toned seats on either side and .. city
rosewood table in the center. The
forward cabin is much the same as the
other as regards seats and windows,
but the table here is longer than the
other one and is to be utilized for a
dining-table. The boat is painted
white, and the trimmings both on deck
and below are of hard woods, princi-
palIy mahogany. The metal fittings
are of highly polished brass. Forward
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

into an intercepting tunnel or vertical
shaft 122 feet in depth, extending to bed
rock, which is reached at that point.
This well will be cleared by the highest
pumping engine of its kind in existence.
1t will be over one hundred feet in
height. The pump of the, engine will be
on the bottom of the tunnel, while the
cylinders will be on the level of the
ground.
The tunnel at present is dirty with clay
and silt, admitted during the work of
excavation. After being cleaned it is to
be treated with a preparation to prevent
rusting. The lower third of the tube is
to be lined with brick and cement to
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

SNAms are largely consumed by
consumptives in England who can af-
ford them. OF course they are ina
ported. The best come from the
vineyards of France, and for this rea-
son they are considered especially fine.
They are certainly luxury, for a tin
of snails cost As. Cd. Frogs hind legs
are eaten in larger quantities than is
generally supposed. You can't tell
them from a bit of chicken; and no
doubt a good many people who are not
carful about consulting the menu at
swell dinners eat them as such. An
other novelty for epicures is crayfsh
tails. They are little things like
shrimps, and are used for ifavoring all
sorts of dishes, soups, sauces and vege-
tables. Boned larks in aspic Jelly
sound well. The young bachelors who
lounge through life in chambers off Pic
adilly go in for these potted things.
They are handy.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

prevent deterioration OF the casing, by
the brine that leaks from meat cars
One railway track will be planked on
both sides. The ties will be of iron, con-
forming in their curve to the bottom of
the tunnel.
Coke engines will be used for motive
power, in order to avoid as much as DOS
sible gas and smoke. An electric light
station will be maintained on the Port
Huron side, and the tunnel will be at all
times as light as day.
As soon as the present tunnel is in
running order another alongside of it
will be begun, using the same machinery,
with the exception of the shells of the
pair of shields, which it was impossible
tn remove.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

nationa1ities. He declares that there
is no better place in the world to note
these little oddities than In the smoking
room of an ocean steamer, adding:
~Now, take Frenchman. If a party
are sitting down for smoke, he viii
scratch a match, wait till the brim-
stone has exhausted itself, and with q
smile and gracious bow, viii pass it to
his nearest neighbor before lighting his
own weed. The German, after light
ing his own cigar, viii then offer the
match to his friend. But the oldest
character of all Is the Englishman.
His weed ready for use, he will strike
his match. light his cigar. and without
a thought Of the others, viii deliber
ately drop the lucifer into the nearest
receptacle"
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
Melting Already.

Evidence of decided character begins
to show itself early in children. One
little girl in particular has so many
suggestions to make in regard to the
affairs of everyday life that, were she
her wide-awake spirit might develop
into a forward one.
On cold afternoon she ran in from
coasting, and put her two little red
hands in her mothers lap.
Rub, mamma, rub" she cried.
$50 to the fire with them" said her
mother, after feeling the little chilled
things. Rubbing won't do such cold
hands any good. L couldn't begin to
warm them that way"
"You could begin, couldn't you ?"
suggested the suppiant gently.
This little lady is greatly taken with
homely proverbs, and was once es-
pecially delighted with the phrase,
Butter wouldn't melt in his mouth, "
as applied to a very suave person.
'"How nice you look, mamma" she
said, one day, as her mother in a new
gown sat by the window sewing. "You
look as if butter wouldn't melt"
Then she took little stool and sit
ting down by her mothers side, began
to play with her spools. A mome9t
more, and the work basket lay bottom
up on the floor.
'"Elsiel" exclaimed mamma, Sc
verely.
"Therel" said Elsie, the quick tears
coming, "it's begun to melt, and ]
knew it would
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

tunnel, of the difficulties overcome in it's
completion and OF the magnitude of the
work. From the American cutting to
the rivers edge is 1,sOO feet; from the
Canadian cutting, 1850 feet; under the
river, 1900. The subterranean APP
proaches will be on the Canadian side
13, 900 feet, on the Michigan side 5000
feet. For the tunnel proper 2,196, 400
feet of soil have been excavated. The
cast iron lining has required So, 962, 500
pounds. There have been used in secur-
ing this lining $50, PAP bolts.
The tunnel will drain itself of the sur
face water entering by the approaches
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

front of the shield dig out and carry pack
the earth through the shield By the
advance Of the shield, the hood, within
which the iron or masonry tunnel is
built, is drawn partly of from and ahead
of the constructed tunnel, thus leaving
the hood empty. The pistons of the hy-
draulic jacks are then showed back into
their cylinders, and a new section of
tunnel is built up within the hood as be-
fore described. The shield is then pushed
ahead, and so on. The extreme end of
the tunnel is always within and covered
and protected by the hood. In this man
ner the earth is rapidly eXcaVated or
bored out and the tunnel built without
disturbing the surface of the ground.
Each shield is circular, 81 feet inches
in diameter, 10 feet long, and is built of
plate steel one inch thick. 1t is divided
into twelve compartments by means of
two horizontal and three vertical stays,
which are built up to a thickness of two
inches These stays have a knife edge
in front and extend back ten feet, leav-
ing six feet of clear cylinder, into which
the end of the tunnel extends. Ten of
the compartments are permanently
closed and bracings of angle iron placed
across them. The other two are pro-
vided with heavy iron doors, which can
be closed at once in case of accident or
danger. These doors are situated at the
bottom in the center, and through them
is passed all the excavated matter.
Flush with this heading with their cyl
inders extending forward into the COM
partments) are twenty-fOur hydraulic
rams at equal distances around the
shield. These rams are eight inches in
diameter and have stroke of twenty
four inches.
The profile illustration will give q
popular understanding of the proper
lions of the different sections of this
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

BANK of England notes are made
from new white linen cuttings never
from anything that has been worn. So
carefully is the paper prepared that
even the number of dips into the pulp
made by each workman is registered
on a dial by machinery, and the
sheets are counted and booked to each
person through whose hands they pass.
They are made at Laverstoke, on the
River Whit, in Hampshire, by family
named Portal, descending from a
French Huguenot refugee, and have
been made by the same family for more
than one hundred and fifty years.
About 1860 a large quantity of the
paper was stolen by one of the
employees, which caused the bank a
great deal of trouble, as the printing
is comparative easy matter, the great
difficulty with forgers being to get the
paper. They are printed within the
bank building. there being an elaborate
arrangement for making them so that
each note of the same denomination
shall differ in some particular from
the others.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
or Two Evils He Chose the Least.

The late master of Trinity College,
Cambridge, was held in wholesome
dread by the undergraduates. On one
occasion an unfortunate undergrad"
who had been invited 10 breakfast with
him strolled across the court to the
masters lodge, finishing as he went his
morning cigarette. all unmindful of the
college rules, which strictly prohibit
such enjoyments within the gate.
When he reached the door it opened
suddenly and the master appeared be-
fore him as he took his last whiff.
GDo you mean TO insult me, sir, or
are you lost TO all sense of decency p"
said the head of the college.
The poor fellow, thinking only of the
dire consequences of the first of these
alternatives. answered in trepidation ::
If you please, sir, 1 am lost to all
sense of decency."
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
Whin in comes Father O'Bray to shpake
At Culligin's wake.

Az WAKE.
''Aha!'' SEE he, 4 shmilin' shwate
An barrin' tn dure,
Then Standin agin it bOuld an Sthrate,
He bate tn flure;
"Now, bys," SEE he, ''poor Culligin's
CONC
Whin Reddy Ragin, tn omn,P dion,
Let the pitcher dhrap on th' Fathers toes,
An away, av coorse, tn whisky goes.
SEE Father 0'Bray, ''God bless tn break!''
At Culligin's wake!
poor Culligin's gone.' repates tn praste,
''NOr betther man
SchwoOng pick or chovel in visit or aste,
Since time began;
No finer a corpse cud morthil find,
No poorer a wildly lift behind
So, b'ys, don't bring to thin all disgrace
By maxim a dead-house a dhrinl1in' place
Come, Reddy. I'm plased yer hand to shake
At Culligin's wake.''
Thin pfncil an paper his reverence dhrew,
An round he whit
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

Mr.. Chugwater explaining matters
to visitors) My wife is generally well,
but she is suffering to-day from rheu-
matism, influenza, toothache, a sore
thumb and an infamed eye. In her
case it never rains but it pours.
Mrs. Chugwater explaining matters
aIso)-I don't make any fuss about it,
though. I am not like my husband.
He never pains but he roars.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

In Finland, the people use curious
stone for a barometer. When foul
weather is approaching, 1t turns black,
or blackish gray; IN fine weather, or
when clear weather Is coming, it turns
almost white. This stone is quite COM
mon in Northern Finland, and is called
aIlmakiur."
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

A PROMINENT Denver man was mar
Gied last week with great eelat,
but he is already unhappy. He'is I'M
happy because an Associated Press
dispatch which announced that he had
married a handsome Colorado woman
was mixed in transmission, and he now
his the reputation of having married a
8 handsome colored woman.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

IS T E A M B o A T
has been built by
Mr.. w. K. Van
derbilt for his
C b il dr. en-. The
boat is made with
an iron frame and
steel plating. 1t
is sixty-fve feet
long and draws
two feet of water.
The boat Is to be
owned and C on
trolled exclusively
nv the children of
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

A LARGE vein of pure white sand,
suitable for making glass, has been
found near Pittsburg, Pa. The discog-
cry viii save the glass manufacturers
of that city thousands of dollars annu-
ally, as they have hitherto been obliged
to send across the Allegheny Noun
tains for their sand.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

THE present Harpers are grandsons
of the original printers, but they retain
theirradherenee to the craft. They are
still printers, and each one of the fam
ly saat intends entering the firm must
6rst learn the trade. He starts as an
apprentice. and is not admitted to the
frnn until he has mastered the craft.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
There are some patent N

There are some patent med
icines that are more marvel
lous than a dozen doctors
prescriptions, but they're not
those that profess to cure
everything.
, Everybody, now and then,
feels run down." played
out" They've the will, but.
no power to generate vitality.
They're not sick enough to
call a doctor, but just too
sick to be well. That's
where the right kind of a
patent medicine comes in,
and does for a dollar what
the doctor wouldn't do for
less than five or ten.
We put in our claim lor
DIR. Pierce's Golden Medical
Discovery.
We claim it to be an u1i-
equaled remedy to purify
the blood and invigorate the
liver. We claim it to be
lasting in its effects, creating
an appetite, purifying the
blood, and preventing Bilious,
Typhoid and Malarial fevers
IT taken III time. The time
to take it is when you first
feel the signs OF zOeazzueSS and
GOeak7aeSS. The time to take
it, on general principles, IS
NOW.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

HE great railroad tunnel at
Port Huron, Mich, is prac-
'tically completed, and trains
will be running through it
by the end of the year. The
United States is now con-
nected with Canada by an
avenue under the st. Clair
River. 1t is in several re-
spects the most notable and
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

Chance for H1m.-She (who has pronis-
ed to ask for no more jewelry this year,: I
wish were you for little while. He: Why,
my dear? She: Because then would buy
my wife pearl necklace.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

Why not saUs your clothes, by using the
best, purest and most economical soap, Dob
bins Electric. Made ever since 1854. Try
it once you will use it 0ltOoys. Your grocer
keeps it or will get it. Look for the name,
Dobbtns.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

''Just see that trombone player. His face
is red as beet from blowing hard" s'Yes
he certainly ought to know what is meant by
strains of music.''
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

scientific exchange states on good au-
thority that two bodies cannot come togeth-
er without losing some of their energy. How
about man and tack.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30
cULLI0AN's WAKE.
By Il. J. ADAMS.

We sittled around, mesel' and all
TIL ether b'ys,
Jist aisy like. agin tn wall,
Wild nary mise
Save Iightin' our pipes an craci1in' jokes,
Wild drinks, av cOorse, bechune tn shmokes.
An now an thin bite to ate
To kape US awake-th' widdy's thrate-
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

First Tramp: What have you been doing
Jimmy! You look mighty tired.
I've been looking at a picture of man saw
ing wood.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

The stomach does not improve on ac-
quaintance. When man finds he has one
it is a most troublesome companion.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

Aunt Emily, can't stay with you for din
ner to-day?'' ''I guess not, Hans. don't
think have enough for two" ''Oh that is
no matter. I'll help myself first"
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

of the dining cabin is little room dig
nifed with the name of forecastle.
Folding doors shut this off entirely
when it is desirable. This little nook
is intended for such of the crew as ara
not on duty and wish to get indoors.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

''What shall pay you?'' ''Weu, sir, you
have had two glasses of beer and outlet,
so the boss gets 60 cents, but what 1 am to
get 1 haven't yet found out"
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1890-10-30

Cowardice is at the bottom of a good deal
of what passes for virtue in this world. If
people were not afraid that they would be
found out some of them would not be- SO
good as they are now.