davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
HOT WORDS AT HARLEM.
THE TENTH DISTRICT CONVENTION
a LARGE ONE.

Mai Cumming Of Augusta and Jud-
son McElmurray OF Burke County
on Their Mettle-The Latter Opposed
a Resolution of Compliment to Con-
rressman Barnes-Watson the Nom
inee.
HARLEM, GA, Aug. 2S.-The convention
of the Tenth congressional district was
called to order to-day by Maj. Cumming OF
Augusta, who positively declined the post
of permanent chairman, which was offered
him
p A. Kelly Of Washington was elected
LYON Martin of Augusta was chosen sec
retary.
The convention was enlivened by breezy
colloouy between Maj Cumming and Jud-
son McElmurray Of Waynesboro.
z. P. Galloway of Burke nominated
Thomas Watson for congressman, which
was seconded by ]. (. Strother of Lincoln
Mai Cumming also seconded the nomi-
nation. and moved that it be made unani-
nous, as there was no other candidate
before the convention The motion was
carried.
Maj Cumming introduced a resolution
condemning the sub-treasIrY plan as I'M
democratic and at war with the funds-
mental and vital principles OF the Demo-
cratic party.
THE FORCE BILL DENOUNCED.
Mr.. McElmurray moved to table the
resolution, and Maj. Cumming tried to get
an aye and nay vote.
A heated debate occurred between them,
and the major referred TO Mr.. McElmurray
as fresh young man.
Mr.. Cummings motion was lost.
Mr.. Sylvester of Augusta introduced a
resolution putting the convention on record
as acknowledging its cordial recognition
and appreciation of the high character,
great ability and faithful service of Mr..
Barnes during his three terms.
Mr.. McElmurray moved to table the
resolution.
Maj Cumming arose to know what ven
omous feeling Mr.. McElmurray had against
Mr.. Barnes.
LOOKED sQUALLY.
Mr.. McElmurray tried to withdraw his
motion. but Maj. Cumming fought against
its withdrawal, and while Mr.. Cumming
was speaking Mr. McRlmurray said he was
not present to be criticised by Mr..
Cumming, and if be wanted to speak
agains. him he could do 1t else where
Mai. Cumming let Mr. McElmurray know
that be could see and have his say elsewhere
IL be wanted it
Mr.. McElmurray's motion was with
drawn.
The resolution was adopted by a rising
vote, only four objecting.
Mr. Watson was at this point escorted be-
fore the convention.
A new executive committee was appointed
as follows: Richmond county, z. b. 7. Will
Jams; Burke county, Judson MoElmurry !;
Glasscock, B. F. Walker; jefferson. ]. ".
Warren; johnson, j. I. Shell Washington,
r. A. Kelly; Warren, n. C. Edwards; Tai
iaferro. J. R. Kendrick; Columbia, W. l..
A H Sturgis
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
COLUMBUS CHAPTERS.
The Board of Trade Aroused by the
High Freight Rates.

The Board of Trade Aroused by the
High Freight Rates.
COLUMBUS, GA, Aug. 28-The Columbus
Board Of Trade held special meeting Tues
day night for the purpose of investigating
the excessive freight charges on cotton
from points along the line to Columbus
They think Columbus is being imposed
upon, and they will try to remedy the mat
ter by recommending boycott.
THE GUARDS
The Columbus Guards held, In their
armory on Broad street last night, a special
meeting for the purpose of selecting a drill
team for their fall engagements. The Chat
tahoochee Valley and Piedmont expositions
both have dates for them, and the BOYS
seem to know that the task before them is a
hard one, and they are working at every
spare mouent IN trying to make the Guards
rack secocd TO none in the state.
A series of meetings are in progress at
Sonth Side chapel in the Sixth ward, and
are being conducted by the young men of
the Christian Eadeavor Society. Great
interest is manifested in these gatherings
and the young men are very much en-
Outraged, as tho chapel is one of their pet
projeots
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
CHARLESTON CAMPAIGN.
Chairman Bryan Writes Tillmanite
Stiff Letter.

Stiff Letter
CHARLESTON, S. c., Aug. 2S.-County
Chairman Bryan yesterday received an
official note from John d. Murphy, the
leader OF the Tlllmanites here, demanding
IN lnsolent terms that he (Murphy) be
allowed 20 appoint a manager at each pre-
clnct Of the coming democratic primaries.
In his letter Mr.. Murphy says the Till
NANTES regard the county executive COM
mlttee as illegal. but he inUimates that for
the sake OF harmony they the Tillmanites)
are willing 10 take part In the election as
ordered, provided he Murphy is allowed
to appoint manager at each ward
CHAIRMAN BRYAN's REPLY.
Chairman Bryan will publish a reply to
this letter tomorrow, in which the follow
ing occurs:
must say in all frankness to you that even if
had the right to do so l could not give the Sc
lection OF a manager TO one whose action in the
past tended 10 destroy the unity and harmony
OF the Democratic party in this
that you submitted your name to
the Democratic party IN this city in 1850 for an
honorable position alderman Of Ward Six
and otter being defeated by very few votes
90 to y, you oolted the nomination and ran as
an independent without any cause except that
Of gratifying your personal ambition. there
fore feel that would be recreant to my trust,
representing the whole democracy,
should I place in your keeping the
interests Of any portion of it, IL the con-
veDtfon 10 illegal any consent on your part
JsId not cure the illeeality and confer juris-
diction- l would gladly join in any movement
to correct any evils in the public service,
but a cry for reform which has for
Is purpose merely the qualification of private
spleen or OF personal ambition does not com.
mend itself TO my judgment, especially when
1t 1eopardizes the ascendancy and integrity OF
the Democratic party.
Under the rules OF the party the ward
president names one, the executive CON-
mittee one and the county chairman one Of
the primary managers. Messrs. Murphy
and Reeves will hardly get in on the ground
fOOr
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
ANGLER FOR CONGRESS.

he VIII Probably Enter the Race
Against Col. Livingston.
ATLANTA, Ga, Aug. esd Angler, the
republican who has bsen spoken of for con-
gress SO often, returned to the city yester-
day. He says a great many democrats
have pledged him their support if he
would declare himself against the
force bill and come out against Col. Liv-
ingston for congress. Their money has been
offered to him for campaign purposes He
says they all declare that they would rather
vote for him than Col. Livingston, the can
didate Of a secret political order whose pur-
pose 1t Is 30 array class against class, and
especially the country against the city Mr.
Angler has about decided to announce him
self, but he will probably await till the
meeting Of the republican district conven-
ton, which will doubtless nominate him.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
TWO HANGED AT MIDNIGHT.
A Boy Murderer and the Slayer of an
Old Woman Swung.

Ola w oman swung.
COLUMBUS, o., Aug. 80. A. Motto
Leuth, a boy murderer of Cleveland, was
hanged in the annex Of the penitentiary
shortly after midnight. The drop fell at
1905 o'clock this morning. His neck was
broken and he was pronounced dead at
1922 O'Clock. His body was removed and
IN less than twenty-five minutes Brocky
Smith was on the trap. He admitted his
crime and expressed regrets. 1t was 1870
O'Clock when he dropped. The executions
were neat piece Of work. Smiths crime
was the murder Of an old lady.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
Rewards offered.

ATLANTA, GA, Aug. 2s-A reward of
900 has been offered by the officials of the
Chattahoochee Brick Company for The
capture OF any one OF the convicts who
ESCAPED yesterday, or $3.50 for the arrest of
all Of them
Gov. Gordon has offered $3.50 reward for
the arrest u the unknown person wis killed
William Oakener in Fanuin county last
August
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
BRUINS WICK BOOMING.
Sixteen New Firms to Begin Business
This Fall.

Sixteen Now Firms TO Begin Business
This Fall.
BRUNSWICK, Ga, Aug. 2S.-Brunswick's
boom continues. Sept. l will mark the
opening of thirteen large business houses, to
be followed in October by three more.
Savannah, Orlando, Palatka, Fernandina
and Jacksonville will furnish the firms.
Hundreds of houses are now in course of
erection. The wages paid for all classes of
labor is high. Merchants are buying ire
mendous stocks foI the fall trade and every
indication points TO another successful year.
Brunswick Seaside College, for young
ladies' Prof. Caldwell, lately of Rome
president, will open Oct. l with large
number Of pupils enrolled. Furniture FOR
the building is arriving daily, and the col
lege will open under auspicious circum-
stances
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
FELTON, COULDN'T SPEAK.
The Burning of Trestle Prevented
Him from Reaching Lafayette.

The Burning of a Trestle Prevented
Him from Reaching Lafayette
ROME, GA, Aug. 2S-Dr FELTON, could
not reach Lafayette to-day to speak. as the
train on the Chattanooga, Rome and
Columbus road failed to arrive A trestle
at Summit was burned last night, and the
train was delayed all day Dr. FELTON, and
his friends were much disappointed, as the
people of Walker county had pressed him
to be present
A CLOSE RACE.
ATLANTA, GA, Aug. 2S.-Col J. o. Wad-
dell has just returned from visit to the
Seventh congressional district. He saws it
is impossible to predict the results of the
fight between DIR. FELTON, and Col
Everett, as old farmers who have
been down on DR.. FELTON, in his former
races, and who have always denounced
independentism are now hurrahing for him
and declare that he will be nominated. He
says that many who have always been for
DR.. FELTON, are now loud i'll his Remuneration
and declare that Col Everett will be
elected.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
FLORIDA's REPUBLICANS.

j. N. Stripping Nominal ed for Congress
in the Second District.
JACKSONVILLE, FLA, Aug 2S.-The re-
publicans of the Second congressional dis
trict nominated j. N. Stripping, United
States attorney for the northern judicial
district, for congress. No state convention
will be held by the Florida republicans
this year. aud the state central committee
met in Ocala to-day and placed the fol-
lowing ticket IN nomination:
For Controller-Leroy D. Ball of Talla--
hassee.
For Associate Justice of the Supreme
C0urt-James R Challen Of Jacksonville
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
A DEADLOCK AT ATHENS,
Forty-two Ballots Taken Without a
Change In the Vote.

ATHENS, GA, Aug 2S.-The democratic
convention of the Eighth congressional dis
trict met here to-day and 'deadlocked."
follows every time;
Lawson Observation-Disclosures. Il
Colley ............. 10
OlVe. ~
Hon. John p. Shannon of Ebert was
chosen permanent chairman, and Messrs.
Lumpkin of Clarke, Roberts of Hancock
and Mosely of Madison were made score
taries.
Judge J. s. Turner Of Putnam nominated
Judge Lawson.
E. T. Shubrick Of Wilkes placed before
the convention the name Of Col. Colley.
John Calvin johnson of Ocones, in few
well chosen words, nominated COL Olive.
The speeches were eloquent and the
names of the candidates were received with
great applause by their friends.
After proper enrolment of the delegates
it was decided that the vote of each county
should be cast by one Of the delegates when
the counry's name WAS called.
A HOMOGENEOUS sAMENKss.
The roll of the first ballot and all the sue
ceeding ones up to the forty second was as
mentioned above At the end Of the nine
teenth ballot the convention adjourned for
dinner and reassembled at O'clock but the
deadlock held on in full force. No county
showed any signs of weakening. Toward
the close of the afternoon a ballot was
taken every five minutes, the result always
the same.
AT the evening session, at the end of the
fifteenth ballot. it was decided that the
members of each county delegation be al
lowed to retire and select a man to place
before the convention for member of the
executive committee for the next two years.
THE COMMITTEE.
The gentlemen who were elected are as
follows: d. A. Anderson Of Clarke, J. P.
Shannon of Ebert, s. K. Ramon of Frank
lin, G. G. Dawson of Greene, A. T. Jordan
of Hancock. A. ]. McMillen of Hart, A. T.
Mosely Of Madison, W. D. Barker of Nor
gan, B. E. OVERLY of Oconee, W. n.
Howard Of Oglethorpe, ]. 8. Reed of Put
nam and w. W. Sims of Wilkes
At the end of the thirty ninth ballot it
was agreed that if the next three ballots
were not changed that the convention would
adjourn until tomorrow morning at 9
o'clock, which was done-making the num-
Der of ballots AZ, with no change in any
county.
1t is thought that one of the three candi-
dates will eventually be nominated A
dark horse does not seem to be- a popular
idea at present.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

Both the method and results when
Syrup of Figs is taken; it is pleasant
and refreshing to the taste, and acts
gently yet promptly on the Kidneys,
Liver and Bowels, cieanses the sys-
tenn efectually, dispels colds, head
aches and fevers and cures habitual
constipation. Syrup of Figs is the
only remedy of its kind ever pro-
duced, pleasing to the taste and &C.
ceptable to the stomach, prompt in
its action and truly beneficial in its
effects, prepared only from the most
healthy and agreeable substances, its
many excellent qualities commend it
to all and have made it the most
popular remedy known.
Syrup of Figs is for sale in SOC
and 81 bottles by all leading drug
gists. Any reliable druggist who
may not have it on hand will pro-
cure it promptly for any one who
wishes to try it. Do not accept any
substitute.
CALIFORNIA Fic SYRUP co.
- SAN FRANCISCO. CAT.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
SLAIN BY HIS OWN GUN,
John ]. Temple of Mile dgeville Ac.
cidentally Killed.

MILLEDaEvILLE, GA, Aug. 2a-Yester-
day afternoon about 5 O'Clock John T.
Temple, citizen Of this county, acct
dentally shot and killed himself Mr.. Tenn
pies had been out on his plantation, and Oh
returning loaded his gun to shoot a hawk.
While standing on the back steps
he attempted to set the gun on
the ground, and in the attempt
the hammer struck the step, discharging
the gun. The load lodged about two inches
below Mr.. Temples right breast, causing
death IN a few minutes. The family was in
the house, and when the report of the gun
was heard these sad words fell on the ears
of the wife and children: MY God, l am
shot, and it is deathr This was Mr. Tenn
pies only utterance after the fatal shot.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
THE BOOK FOR BoOKKEEPKns
WIN Open Out Perfectly Flat From Fir.
10 Lnst Page.

The MORNING. NEWS Printing House Is Tn,
licensed manufacturer Of
BRONSON'S FLAT OPENING BLANK BOOKs
Adopted by the United States Cove . ment1
There is no book made Of squai slrsugth Il
will open az any page ana remain perfectly Aat
Ihere N no danger OF lhe leaves becofnlnS loose
Il Is the only elastic binding designed 70 open
fat that has resolved the unqualified indor.e
ment Of book keepers as well as bookbindsra
BOOKS ruled - any pattern. made 20 any si,,,
and bound M any styi'
We are masking books for q number u nrms
IA this city aud elsewhere, ana will take plasa.
uIs h. showing them 10 thoss Interested
TUE MORNING NEWS STEAM PRINTING
HOUSE
tNlasAkeT slFest. saEannxA
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
FUNERAL INVITATIONS.

MCCARTHY frisnds and acqusIntsnce
Of Prof u. B. MCCARTHY and his sons. j. Y b
and E G. F. Mccarthy. are respectfully invited
to attend ms funeral. which will take place
from the Cathedral THIS MORNING At ~
O'Clock
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

ATLANTA, GA, Aug 2s-Ordinary
Harvey J; Dennis Was today appointed by
Gov. Gordon ~ tax collector II Putnam
county. to IN the unexplrod term of John
A. Champion resigned.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
sneed for Adiutant General.

ATLANTA. Ga, Aug. 2s-It is rumored
that A. G.. Sneed, captain q the Gate city
Guards, will be an applicant for Adj. Gen.
kel6 position. Capt. Sneed has lot been
kfssu
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
STRUCK BY A TR AIN.

A Young Lady of Rome Probably
Fatally injured on a Crossing.
ROME. GA, Aug. ga sad accident
occurred seven miles from Rome last night.
Julian Brown and Miss Dollie Smith went
driving yesterday evening and were return
ing to the city at IL o'clock. In crossing
the railroad track the horse bolted and a
train KILLED the horse, demol shed tue buggy
aud perhaps fatally wounded Miss Smith.
DIR, Brown was unhurt.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
TO PROPERTY OWNERS.

In short time my connection with the Sa-
vannah Furniture Company will terminate and
intend TO engage in the Real Estate Agency
business. will endeavor to attend to any busi
ness that may be entrusted to me in the most
satisfactory manner. and would be glad to get
houses 10 rent in all parts of the city Office:
1873 Broughton street A. c. ROGERS
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
NOTICE.

The undersigned, doing business at Riceboro,
Ca under the firm name of HAMMOND &
HEWITT. is this day dissolved by mutual con-
sent n. T. HEWETT assumes all liabilities
and will collect all assets due said firm, and
will continue the business at ,eboro in hi own
name.
r. W. HAMMOND
n T HFWETT
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

Carson over Bowen Sheppard, the anti-Can
candidate for the legislature.
Mrs. Herbert COMBS is lying critically
III with typhoid fever. Her death IS hourly
expected
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
MEETINGS.

ACORN LODGE No. IO3, l. o. o. r.
A regular meeting Of this lodge will be held in
Odd Fellows hall THIS friday EVENING at
8 o'cIock. The initiatory and first degree will be
conferred
Members Of sister lodges and visiting brothers
are cordially invited TO meet NTH US.
wM. FAWCETT, N q
Attest H. NJ WARD, Secretary.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
NOTICE To WATER TAKERS.

City TREAsURER's OFFICE,
SAVANNAH, GA, Aug. 3, 1880.
Arrearages of water rent past due since July
! must be paid by Sept. /, otherwise the supply
thereafter without further notice, as the ordi-
nance directs. C. S. HARDEE,
NV
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
A CLOSE RACE.
POLITICS AT APALACHlooLA.
The Democratic Convention Called I
Meet To-day

APALAcBIcoLA, Aug. 2s.-The demo-
cratic executive committee has called a
convention for Tomorrow To nominate a
candid .te for member Of the assembly aud
county officers. The republicans will prob.
ably put "A straight ticket in the field, aud
the contest will be close
Liberty county held a democratic mass
meeting Saturday and nominated l.. ID.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

LESS THAN oNETHIRD ORIGINAL COST.
Catawba Wine 50 cents per gallon.
Scuppernong Wine 30 cents per gallon.
Madeira Wine so cents per gallon.
Angelica Wine 80 cents per gallon
Blackberry Brandy IS cents per gallon.
Whisky, usual price 81 so, now so cents.
Whisky, usual price 81, now 70 cents.
Whisky usual price 49, now 81.
Whisky, usual price 81, now 81.
The above Goods were partly damaged by the
late fire, but damage is hardly percoptible.
Bring your own Jugs.
A n CHAMPIONS SON.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
SAVANNAH BRANCH 5. t. A.
SPECIAL NOTICES.

On and after FEB. l, 1890 the basis Of n.eus
,trenient of al advertising 81 the MORNING
NEWS DiH be agate or at the rate Of 81 70 an
inch for the first insertion
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

Ne'o@r Tie master nor oonsig nees of the
Brush steamship EALING, Edwin Bacbs. mas
le' VII b. responsible for any debt contracted
BY hif crew 4 MINIS, eC',-.-
oDsI -. -
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

SOUTH CAROLINA MUTUAL AID AS
ISOLATION.
The officers and members Of the South Caro-
lima Mutual Aid Association are requested 70
nav tine last tribute Of respect to their President
J. W WIGGESs. at his residence on est
Boundary and Zubly streets, at O'Clock THIS
AFTERNOON. BY order Of
WIN BRlSBAND, Vice President :
Z. II. SIMMONS. Secretary.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
A NEGRO IN A GIRLS ROOM.
Der Screams Awakened Her Father
and the Rascal Fled

GAINESVILLE, GA, Aug. 2s-An out
rageous assault on young girl was made
about ten miles from here last night by a
negro named Jack Jordan. The girl is a
daughter Of a Mr.. Ware. q worthy farmer
OF Pike county. She was sleeping in a room
adjoining her fathers. The negro entered
the house, slipping through the fathers
room into the girls. Her screams awak-
ened her father. who ran TO her rescue.
The negro escaped. A large posse of
men are now searching the coun Try for him,
and If found his life will pay the penalty
on the spot He has lived with Mr.. Ware
for four or five years.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

ATHENS, GA, Aug. 2s.-The democratic
convention of the Eighth congressional dis
trict met here to-day and 'deadlocked."
Forty-two ballots were cast, resulting as
follows every time:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29

YOUNG hAROONERs.
Aarooners Isle. Woodruff Stories
~ kEN r h GOULDING
These famous books iust rsn,,tiis,,.. ~
having be- out OUT Of print ~ n,srst
20 49, =, ,esanty illustrated aed bound a. A z,
DAVIS BROS,
la3 YORK street
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1890-08-29
CAROLaNA'S COUNT.

The Population of the Counties in the
Fourth District.
CHARLESTON, S. c., Aug. 2S.-The fol-
lowing are the figures by counties Of the
census in the Fourth district:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1890-01-01

gram sid that il was poSiksvey
kaawn thai the RepgS'ican leaders a.
Helena had IeiegFsphsd SeEstcrs sherman
and Ingzais asking whether or not they
sAunld elect senator's Ii a faFor2ele re-
piY were received they woEld elect ~ once.
~ Is would BIZ taken IS = pxoznise that the
fnea chosen ~ the Republicans w0nld X
sealed il sent here IL they did not advise
naoye q this kind The election would be
desayed s irw siAzs uatl AZ the RepGbli-
cans CT the senate could be eGnvasSe1-
The dispatch created good deal OF talk
~ al sides. senators ingalls, and sherman
were interviewed on this point By a posT-
IsvEELraExcE correspondent t0niga1, and
both denied any knowledge q any such
kilograms. Whea senator Ingalls, was
shown the published statement. he said
50 far s. thai refers 70 me, II IS ahsou-
Iuteiy without foundation. ! have received
no concentrations from the Republican
ieaaseEs in Montana upon the questions o.
the election Of senator's FROM that state. =
= Has any advice from the administration
been asked By the Montana Republicans ~
WAS asked him.
80 far as / know ID has not. As to
proposed canvass of the Republicans Of the
Senate. | dont believe there is word Of
truth IN l. .
Senator Sherman was equally emphatic.
he said: Il am not acquainted with the
Montana men who are engaged in the
struggle. l am not 4 member u the COM
mitsee on territories, 50 they would net
asa advice OF me / have no requests for
advice, and do rot know that anyone
csc has =