The Bottineau pioneer. (Bottineau, N.D.) 1885-1895, 1890-02-08
THE FARMERS COLUMN.
Edited by the Pioneers Agricultural
Correspondent.

Edited by the Pioneers Agricultural
Correspondent.
The Protectiontst Cateehism.
CHAPTER g.
Q. Who wants Protection7 A. Every
mac who tries to make something which
other persons can get in sxch, nge for an
other thing requiring less labor to make.
II another person cannot get it with less
labor, by ar exchange, he does not want
protection.
Q. When is protection necessary? A.
When it requires more labor to make a
certain thing than TO make something else
which Gun DO exchanged for it.
A. What does protection supply? A.
More work for the same wages. One days
labor in q wheat field represents o bushel OF
wheat. Two day labor in q French silk
mill represe ITS q yard OF silk. The bushei
Of wheat and the yard Of silk ha, the same
value. So long As an American farmer is
permitted to work id the wheat field and
excl ange his bushel of wheat for the yard
of silk he will do 20. He will not work two
days in the silk mill for one yard Of silk
whenhe Gun get it by one days work in the
wheat field. Protection supplies him viii,
Two days labor in silk mill, in place OF one
days labor in a cornfeld, for the yard OF
silk.
Q. Why is my one pre- te oted? A. To
prevent this exchange by which the farmers
can get the silk with less labor than a weav-
er in a silk mill.
Q. Who then is protected? A.. The man
who makes silk. lie must work harder than
the farmer-two days to the farmer one
dny-tv obtain the same res ult.
@. From whom is he protected? A. From
tlose who can get it with less labor-thosc
who make a surplus to exchange tor some
thing they cannot make without greater
labor.
@. In this country, who makes surplus
exported for exchanged A. The farmers
make from "A to 80 per ceut of it.
Q. When is protection not necessary? A.
When no ono can get o thing by m ex
change with less labor than by making it
himself.
Q. Can you give on illustration? We con
get. wheat from Europe ic exchange for our
silk; but to make the silk requires more
labor than to make the wheat. For this
reason we raise the WI eat. instead of max
ing silk ar exchanging it for " heat.
Q Is the wheat grower protected? A.
No.. lie cannot be. There is no ono to pro
tect him from, No surplus is made Of any
thing which can be exchanged for European
whea. whereby the European wheat can be
obtained at less labor than we can obtain
wheat by raising it here.
Q. What industries have protection? A.,
Only those foreign imported industries
which enter into comp tition with our more
profitable native American industries, em-
ploying more persons than are needed to
supply the PEG pie Of this country with what
they produce, and making a surplus to ex-
change abroad, at q profit, for things requir-
ing more labor here.
Q. If country had no surplus to ex-
port, " Guild any one in it iced protection?
A.. Certainly not. Any one might make
what ever ht liked and could have no COM
petition. Nothing would he produced to ex-
change for anything made abroad and
nothing could enter into competition with
its product.
Q. Why is q surplus made t } export and
exchange abroad? A.. Because the surplus
is JADE with less labor than the things for
which it is exchanged, and people desire
naturally to obtain the largest reward for
their toll
Q. 1t we had no surplus, would any Of
the imported foreign industries in the Unit
States need protection? A. Certainly not.
So long rs we can obtain silk in exchange
To-. 80 ,nh,nt .v:kh 1c,, 1,ko. xLn, ,,o 80.
make silk in our mills, we shall raise a sur
plus OF wheat tc exchange for it. When the
exchange ceases to be profitable, or when
the farmer Is preve, ted by law from raising
the surplus wheat for exchange, there can
need no protection.
@. What does protection demand? A.
That this exchange of commodities tor the
farmers surplus shall be stoppe d.
Q. How does it propose stopping it? A.
By laws making farming Improbable. The
tariff law levies y tax Of 81 per cent gen.
erally upon the amount of all exchanges.
and special taxes ranging from As to 228
per cent upon exchanges for special articles.
@, Will this reduce the agricultural sur.
plus: \. 1t has reducee it already from
$3.50, 1894. 348 in 1881 to $500, 840,O86 in
1855 loss to the farmers of $23O, 900, 900
eli $50 each yearly. 1t is proposed t.
still further rec uce it'by increasing the tax
Oh the exchange. until there shall be no
profit In raising o surplus to export in ex-
change for things entering into competition
with the product OF imported foreign indus
tries needing protection.
Q Is there any competition between
lAh0s in tio T1~sAuI Sentn D-A 0nLo. -
Europe? A. None whatever. 1t is an I'M
possibility for labor, or the product Of Ia DOR,
outside the United States, to enter competi-
side the United States. The mind CT man
esis il which it could. The only competi-
same country.
Q. Is no competition Of any kind pos
sible? A. Yes, the foreign mill.
offers more for our labor than the American
mill-owner. The foreign m%ill-owner offers
one yard Of silk for the product Of one days
labor in an American wheat field, IT e
american miil-owner offers one yard of silk
for the product Of two days labor in an
American wheat field, or two days labor in
his mill, 1t i, this foreign competition to
get the prod, cts Of labor in our v heat fields
to which the American mill-owner objects
and from which he seeks protection. The
foreign mile wner must offer more for our
labor or he cannot get it. The more foreign
competition there may be with our mill.
owners for the product Of labor in our whit q,
fields, the more tn, farmers will re ceiye fcx
their labor, or products Of their labor.
when two employers seek one workman,
ayS the DrObyerb. Wapes are hirher." The