The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1890-07-17

per month. The strength of this agri-
cultural production cannot fail to be APP
preciated upon consideration of these
facts. Our great superiority in respect
to labor saving machinery is largely
neutralized by this cheap labor, and if
the advantage of this labor saving ma
chinery were added to the advantage of
cheap labor, as may be done, it is readily
seen that, SO far as cheap grain produc
ton is concerned, we are inferior to
those competing countries.
But the machinery which it has re-
quired fifty years to invent and perfect,
and the improved methods which it has
taken an equal time to deyise and test,
can speedily be initiated by other ma
tions. Already American-made machin-
cry is finding its way into Russia, India
the Argentine Republic and other com
peting countries. Already railways are
being extended across the grain-growing
and stock grazing plains of Australia and
South America. In 1888 Australia had
nearly 5000 miles of railway in opera
ton, and nearly 1900 miles in process of
construction. India had $4,000 miles,
against 204 in 1858. The Argentine Re-
public had 5000 miles constructed and
1000 miles under way. With this i'm
provement in machinery, and the means
Of inland transportation devised and de-
veloped in the United States under a
protective system,) there is made possible
an agricultural growth of which we do
not now form an adequate conception.
The British colonies of Australasia can
offer still more serious competition. They
occupy an extent of territory equal to the
United States, exclusive of Alaska. In
1886 the population of these colonies was
less than 100000. Their country is pro-
ductive, nearly all available, yields pro-
ducts similar to ours, and supports an in
dustrious people. The increased produc-
ton resulting from the development of
these countries will be felt not alone in
European markets. The countries which
can compete with American grain in the
markets of Liverpool will need to pro-
duce but little cheaper to compete in the
markets of New York
The cost of transportation of bushel
of wheat, by steamer, from New York
to Liverpool, by the rates which went
into effect on the White Star, Inman and
Guion lines July 1, 1888, was three and
one-half cents. The wheat which is mar
keted at Liverpool could be sent to the
New York port at this small advance,
plus the incidental cost of transporta-
ton, were it not for the import duty of
twenty cents per bushel, which is suffi-
Gent at present to preserve our own
markets.
The competition which our farmers
must meet under freedom of trade is not
to grain and vegetable products.
These same countries excel in facilities
for the cheap raising of animals and
their products.
We have now home market nearly
sufficient for our agricultural production,
and with the increase of population and
the relatively larger growth of our in
dustries, this market will extend
lC hlAoIlCttu IdTIucT CduuOU IdIl 10
realize how immeasurably more import
ant to him is this home market than any
foreign market, present or prospective.
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