The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1890-09-27

Importance Of Thorough work-Econo-
mixing Labor--Among the Poultry
Farmers and City Consumers.
directions for Grazing.

journal. describes his process OF graft
ing as follows: whether the tree be
large or small tho same process will
answer, only If it is on large trees 1t is
not advisable to graft on limbs over
one inch in diameter. A fine-toothed
saw well set and sharp. n strong bladed
knife. little mallet. well-tapered
little wedge and another small-bladed
knife that will carry sharp edge.
Saw the tree or limb or square, then
with the largo knife smooth the stub,
taking care that the bark is not bruised.
Place the knife in the middle of the
limb, and with the mallct drive it
down until the split is an inch or
more. according to the thickness of
the stick; drive your little wedge In
the middle until opened sufficiently to
receive tho graft. The graft should
be about three inches long. and shaved
an inch. leaving ono side little thick
err than the other. Insert this wedge
and press it into the side of the cleft
firmly with tho thumb and finger. OF
course with the thickest part Of the
wedge on tho outside, and SO that tho
inside line of tho bark Of the graft and
that of the stock be on nm exact line.
Take out tho wedge and cement the
graft (Which should lie put in two
thirds of the wedge part) also the split
ON both sides and on top. or in other
words, cover all the bare wood to keep
out the air and rain.
The cement have used forty years
Is used by me still. and is made rs fol-
lows: "One pound resin. one-quarter
pound bccswax and one-quarter pound
beef tallow; melt all together over the
fire. and, when liquid. pour into water
not too cold; grease the hands and
work it like shoemaker's wax or tatfy
until the water is out and it becomes
nice yellow color, or roll in balls OF
half u pound each, and lay In cool
place. When needed for grating,
have a little iron kettle and melt your
cement in it over n slow fire. Apply
with thin paddle. sloped of at tho
end. or small paint brush will an
swer, il care is taken that tho cement
never gets so hot us to scorch. rs this
cement will get hot enough to SINCE
feather.
In operating upon large trees there
should never be moro than one-half OF
the top worked upon ut one time, as
the balance is needed to carry off part
of the force of the tree to prevent tho
gratis from growing too fast and make
them liable to be blown or by high
wind.
When the graft commences growing,
the sprouts around the graft must be
kept rubbed of.
When grating is done on small
trees under ground, the cement is really
not necessary; only fill in with earth
and press firmly, with care that the
graft may not he put out OF place.
When grating small trees on limbs,
/ make the split with knife without
the mallet, aud stick the point Of the
blade in the split to hold it open until
the graft is inserted.
Fungous Diseases.
The United States Department OF
I Agriculture has just issued Bulletin
No. IL Of the Section of Vegetable
Pathology. This publication. prepared
! by B. L. Galloway, Chief of the Sec
ton, is n report on the experiment
made in 1889 in the treatment OF sew
eral important plant diseases.
| The work was carried on in nino
States, embracing nearly every variety
of soil and climate and the results rs
set forth are us whole highly en-
couraging. despite tho fact that the
season was ono OF the worst ever
known for fungous diseases of all
kinds. The diseases under treatment
were scab. rust and bitter-rot of the
apple; powdcry mildcw, downy mil
dew. leaf blight. anthracnose, and
black-rot of the grape; leaf-blight of the
pear; leaf-blight. rust, and firc-blight
OF the ounce; lcaf-blight of tho straw
berry; rust and lraf-blight of the black
berry; rot and blight Of the potato, to-
mato. and melon.
Considerable space is devoted to a
summary Of volunteer reports on vine
diseases. from which it appears that
nearly every one who followed the di-
rections laid down by the department
succeeded in saving the greater part of
their crop. From all accounts it would
seem that the Bordeaux mixture con-
tanning six pounds of copper and four
pounds of lime 10 twenty-five gallons
of water is still the most reliable RENEE
dy for grape diseases. The results.
however. of the treatment with the am
moniacal carbonate OF copper solution
are highly encouraging and lead to the
belief that in Ordinary seasons it will
be the cheapest, most desirable and
effective remedy. One great advant-
age it possesses over the Bordeaux
mixture Is that 1t does not spot the
fruit. which Is matter Of Importance.
especially where the grapes are used
for the table. Mr.. Galloway suggests
that the Bordeaux mixture be used for
the first three treatments after which
the ammonical eolntion be substituted
for the rest of the season.
Apple scab was treated In Wisconsin
and Michigan with remarkably satis-
|. factory results. the best reme,lieS being
the ammoniacal solution and modified
eau celeste. by the application Of
these preparations alta total cost Of Is
cents per tree, the yield Of fruit free
l.,m scas was from 80 to IS per cent
greater than on trees of the same
variety not treated. The bulletin gives
a detailed account OF the entire work,
describing the methods Of preparing
and applying the remedies. cost OF the
vafjOtlQ fran fu,outa osc and r~,nClvslos