Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1890-06-28
FARM END ORCHARD.
ExTRAvAGANCE OF PAsTURING CAT
TIE OVER LARGE TRACTS.


TIE OVER LARGE TRACTS.
Points For Dairymen-Care of Milk in
Making Killing Potatoes
Cutting Oats-Farm Notes.
The time will come when beef cattle will
be raised on small farms and the food cut
and carried to the cattle instead of using
the land for pasture. The system of pas
turage is apparently the most profitable of
all methods for raising cattle, and, no doubt
it will be difficult to convince farmers that
other systems are cheaper and better, but
when farmers are compelled to limit their
operations to smaller areas they will be
surprised to learn that they have before
been using the most extravagant system
that is possible to be applied to dairying-
that of pasturing over large tracts. Even
with our advanced system of agriculture
and stock-raising the farmers have not
become fully awakened to the Importance
of the use of thoroughbred cattle for the
production of beef, butter and milk, and
until they have, as class, graded their
stock to degree nearly reaching the full
| bred they will not kindly adopt the in
tensive methods, but must ultimately
| be forced from their present position,
| and the change will be to their advantage.
The value of the land, the interest on its
value and the possible profit from its use
| are factors that should enter into the ex-
| penses of dairying or cattle-feeding.
Whether it is cheaper to allow the cattle
to go to the pasture, harvest the grass and
| bring it to the barn in their stomachs, or
whether it is cheaper to cultivate the land
| in order to derive all that it will produce
| and feed the produce to the cattle at the
barn, Is the important question that is re-
| ceiving more attention than any other re-
lating to feeding at the present time, and
| the ultimate solution will depend on the
| growth of the country and the value of the
land. But every farmer has had some ex-
! perience in comparison of the two sys-
TENS, for the fattening of steers in winter
is simply the application of the intensive
system through necessity, as the lack Of
| pasturage forces the farmer to keep his
stock confined in order that he may feed
and care for them with as little labor as
possible.
The largest profit derived is from the
manure, as but 80 per cent of the fooG
eaten is digested and assimilated, the cat
tie carrying away from the farm but thai
proportion, though this may vary accord
ing to the kind of food provided. If the
cattle gave no profit, when sold, over the
cost of food, the manure would still re
main as large item in their favor. The
fattening of steers, however, as at presen
practiced, is for the farmer to go on the
market and buy lot for that purpose
If he becomes interested in the improve
ment of his stock he will learn that it is
cheaper to raise his steers and fatten them
for he can secure more beef from a well
bred three-year-old steer than from two
steers bought from dealers, as there is JUS
that difference between the two classes Of
animals. Good breeding, with the use O
ensilage and grain, and the young ami
mails forced in growth from the start, will
not only give a larger profit, but allow
more land to be cultivated by more eco
nomical system of feeding.
POINTS FOR DAIRYMEN.
| Prof Robertson, of Ontario, Canada
gives the following points of interest tC
dalrymen who desire to produce the bes
quality of cheese or butter:
/. Milk from cows in excellent health
and apparent contentment only should bt
used
2. Until after the eighth milking, the
milk should not be offered to a cheese
factory.
3. An abundant supply of suitable, sue
culent, easily digestible, wholesome, nutri
tious feed should be provided.
4. Pure cold water should be allowed il
quantities limited only by the cows capac
| ity and desire for drink.
3. A box or trough containing salt t.
which the cows have access every day is .
requisite indispensable in the proftabl,
keeping of cows.
o. Stagnant impure water should b.
prohibited. The responsibility for tn,
efficacy of that beneficial prohibition
rests wholly with the individual farmer.
| Z. Wild leeks and other weeds common
in bush pastures give an offensive edoi
and flavor to milk of animals consuming
them.
s. All vessels used in handling milk
should be thoroughly cleansed immedi
ately after their use. Washing first il
| tepid or cold water to which has been
added little soda, and subsequent scald
| ing with boiling water, will prepare then
for airing, that they may remain perfectly
sweet
g. Cows should be MIXED with dry
hands, and only after the udders have beer
washed or thoroughly brushed.
10. Tin pals should be used
II. All milk should be properly strained
Immediately after it is drawn.
y. Milking should be done and mill
should be kept only in place where the
surrounding air is pure. Otherwise tn,
presence of the tainting odors will not b,
neglected by the milk.
13. All milk should be thoroughly aireC
Immediately after it has been strained
The treatment is equally beneficial to the
evening's and mornings milk.
IA. In warm weather all milk should b.
cooled to the temperature Of the atmos
phere after it has been aired, but not be
fore.
| 10. Milk is better for being kept owe
night in small quantities, rather than il
a large quantity in small vessel.
| Is. Milk stands should be constructe,
to shade the cans or vessels containin.
milk from the sun as well as to shelte
from rains.
/, Il. Only pure, clean, honest milk should
be offered. Any deviation from that viii
not always go unpublished.
4
CUTTING OATS.
With many farmers oats are raised al
most entirely for feed, and it is desirabl,
TO use them in a way so as to derive tn,
largest amount of benefit. Cut at the RICH
stage, the straw contains considerable nutri
ment The difficulty in feeding unthrashet
oats is tina: they will eat the heads anC
waste the straw This may be nhriated n