davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22


ern Africa are singuarly distinguished by
having the eyelids white. though the rest Of the
face is dark. and they are named accordingly.
whit -eyeIid monkeys" The commonest Of
naturally in haDi Is the Cape de Verde Islands.
but which has been introduced and has run
wild in one OF the Antilles.
and ischiatic callositieS They also have better
developed thumbs than tho Asiatic ones
OF the group containing tho entelus and pro-
character II Il visitor TO a monlGerie presents
one OF these smal! African monkeys with first
one and then another nut. the nuts will not
at once he cracked and eaten. they will be put
successfully inside tho checks, which will be
observed to protrude in n remarkable manner.
These dilatabo face pockets are called cheek
any of tho higher Old World apes that we
have described, though their possession is
constant character not only Of the group We
are now, considering, but also OF all tho
Old World monkeys which yet remain for US 10
notice and which may be taken TO constitute
two more groups. The first Of them Is entirely
confined TO tho continent Of Asia, with tho one
exception OF the Barbary amc. which also lives
on the rock Of Gibraltar. Tho existing spec-
mems there abiding arc, however. either indi-
vidualS which have been of lato reiutroducou
from Africa. or they arc tho offspring of such
Tho Burbary apo, or ma.Ot," ha Il special in
terest from tho fact that time when prejudice
did not allow the human body to be used for
medical study and dissection. the body Of that
apo was employed as n substitute as very old
anatomical works clusiyely prove. The ro-
naming. and exclusively Aslatic. members of
them have long tails, some short tails and
few, ike the Barbary ane. have none. They
extend further north th9n other monkeys,
species was found nv Father DavidFat Moupin,
in Thibot. Including the Barbary ape. this
group may be said to be most widely, spread Of
all those which compose the monkey order.
extending in one direction from Gibraltar and
northern emma down TO the island OF TinOr
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

actions 1t has in captivity n curiously melan-
choly demeanor. Its high. rounded forehead,
veryldifierentf from the villainously low brows OF
the chimpanzec and the gorilla, gives 1t sing
ularly intellectual aspect. so that when we OBJ
serve 1t pensvely squattinE with fat belly, like
IN image OF Gautama, wo might fancy that the
mind of some esoteric buddhist was i'm
prisoned within the apish hody. incapable Of
making its latent existence known and muCely
contemplating the longed- for Nirvana.
The orang is found nowhere in the world OK
cept in Sumatra and Borneo. and, even there,
only in lowand humid forests, which supply 1t
at once with shelter and the vegetable food 1t
loves. solitary and peaceful animal. it is
ordinarily very slow and deliberate In its move
ments. Nevertheless when attacked. 1t can
defend itself with alacrity and effect. as the
following anecdote from Wallace's Malay
Archipelago will show: "A few miles down
the river there is n Dyak house. and the In
habitants saw u large orang flooding on the
Young shoots oil palm by tho river
side. On being observed. he retreated
toward the Jungle which was close by. and
r. number OF the mon. armed with spears and
who was in front tried TO run his spear
through the animals body but the orang
seized it in his hands, and IN an instant got
hold Of the man /, arm. which lie seized in his
mouth. making his teeth meet in the flesh
above the elbow which he tore and lacerated
in a dreadful manner Had not the others been
close behind the man would have been moro
seriously injured, il not killed rs he was quite
powerless: but they soon destroyed the crea-
ture with their spears and choppers. The man
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

Americans have progressed further than the
DEMONS of Africa aud Asia. They have devel-
oped an additional wisdom tooth. and no others
can make so wiso a use OF their tails. There
seems to be no forest region in tho world COM
parable with that Of Brazil; for the dreary one
OF Africa described by Stanley. appears far In
ferior in the DEVELOPMENT OF its trees. But in
Brazil, as Alfred Wallace has 90 graphically
described, forest is lifted to and superimposed
on forest. At a great height. waving sea Of
Verdure. rich with animal life. is spread out In
the dazzling sunshine. borne up on col
umns which tower through tho obscurty OF
the vast space beneath, wherein second
growth Of what would elsewhere .eem nohlo
trees finds cong nial homo. beneath these.
again there lay got be another similar but
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

found it's way to no menagerie not even the en-
terpTising Mr.; Barnum having eyer obtained
from every other ape, in ~, having u, q
Squire Of Don Unixoto's rlvai. knight, which so
astonished honest Sapeho Panza. Two fine
stuffed specimens Of this creature are to he
seen In the British Museum. ono young, the
other adult The young of this species instead
OF having a. nose similar to tho adult save as
shorter, and also turned upward A jealous
ana learned L9Earlst missionary french
mportant N So5ogica dscoSeries In central
Asia. There high pp in the cold forests Of
Moupin. In Thibet no found an ape clothed
lives in region where frost and, snow last
several months in tho year, and where i has
Nevertheless this ape living In q region so re-
mote from Borneo, with its hot. humid forests
is very ike the young form OF the p,roboscis
in having nose turned up to the highest pos
sSible decree on which account its describer
monkey of Roxallana," in honor OF that " tip
tilted" imperial beauty.
The Indian monkeys. which in general
tellus are closely resemblel by the species OF
an N Atrican gropg, the inemhers OF which are
too fatal popularity, the glossy coats OF their
well-clothed skins having heon for a time the
known monkey NUTS. Several species Of CO.
lobi are very notable for their WONDERFULLY
handsome fur fringes or ,ippets Of long
OF! the deepest black. Their Indian
allies have. very feebly developed thumbs.
but tho colobi are remarkable Tor having no
thumbs at all. a specimen presenting this
condition Of hand may well seem to non
scientific observer as one accidentally or pnr-
posey mutiated. We rccoect n few years
ago having our attention arrested ny two very
fine specimens of this genus which we saw
in taNidcrmists window In
.ondon, To our surprise we observed that
they had thumbs. and SO we ut once entered
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

ryinE u young one on the back or under tho
arm. ono monkey quickly espylng neighbor-
loud cry spranE unon II, followed by all tho
others, who Immediately fell TO work. some
remaining on i TO onl9y their Toast whilo
ENJOY in uuot tho booty they had secured.
The sRpaIous are to he found in every menag-
proximity to ono OF the Asiatic or African
MONKEYS. the CHARACTERISTIC difference In tho
countenances OF OId and New World species
Worl the nose IS not only save in the probosc!s
monkeysl very small, but also worry narrow,
sapajou aud the New World iorm' however t iio
nose is remarkably broad the two nostrils
Ious We bid adiou to the groups furnished with
prohensiio tails. and come upon a very different
set Of forms. which termlnates tho order Of apes.
Fist we may notice tho Gr up of mon keys Of
about the size of sapaIous, and known as sakis
They are somewhat widely spread over, the
South American continent. but are nowhere
very apnniant, living In nglrs. alone. or accom-
panied by their young. They are gentle timid
abroad at night thus escaping the persecution
they would otherwise suffer from tho oppres-
slye and more active and powerful sapalous.
SaNlS arc seldom Seon alive In captivity. but
several OF them are very singular In appear
ance. Ono is knownaS the capuchin." on ac-
another kind, also provided with a beard has,
aicq 2ha 81 its pe eaSF color been
IFS patio completely bald This last. mentioned
Kind agrees with some othors in having very
the other sakis, but from all the rest of tho
monkeyS Of America every ono OF which Ia
provided with an elongated caudal appendage.
one OF those exceptional apes has tho tail not
only extremely short, but furnished with long
hair SO that It forms q prominent ball which
were there only dress to improve. II In
habits the upper part Of the enormous valley
poys H S@se0n premature S'nd asath S wes
sad loss " science. tells us that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

lie oa sDSS@OR had The GS sf SsS Of sns
spontaneously and walking erect, and that Il
hand, drinking regularly twice day 1t was
very fond Of milk, bananas. and swsotmeate;
tobacco. snRtching n cigar from the mouth OF
any one WHO sent smoke toward Ii and grind.
were given il. Il held one with its hands and the
rest with its ioet. 1t was gentle and affections
nte to its master aud some others. and liked e
TO young Indian and when in n passion
would rub its hands together with extreme
Tho douroucoulis or night ares, are, as
their name mules. truly nocturnnl anim .sI;
some hollow tree. Their GrnGt eyes. which are
said to DO luminous ut night. seem TO sut!er
mnch from strong s Daylight Hrmooidt wn99
regularly for from between some time after
dawn at o'clock al tho lntestl till 2 In the
evening. At night they nro rs active as other
ares are by dav. and will make great noise
with thoir cries. They arc reported to be exc
emplary mOnOEamlsts.
We .hayo more than onco spoken OF those
graceful Iiltle, animals tho squirrel ,monEeEH.
pretty rounded faces lace ' and long heads, which
contain more brains, in proportion to their
bulk, than does the skull Of man himself Their
and they arc said to be aiIectionate and sensi-
tive as well AZ gentle, their ewes filling with
suers OF insects. and have somewhat singular
taste. rs spiders, which they arc very dexter
OuSlu ChtCnlnT, arc lnelT supreme delight
The last set OF monkeys we hive to onumeR-
ate Is ono which differs greatly from all those
hitherto briefly noticed. 1t is composed Of the
marmosets. or ouistitis. Il very numerous
group of very small animals exclusively con.
lined to the warmer parts OF America, All the
monkeys hitherto noticed have had nails.
which. though more convex and pointed than
those OF man. arc nevertheless substantially
like his. The marmosets however, have an
their fingers and tocs provided with long
pointed claws. with tho single exception OF the
nail of each great too, which is flattened like
our own. All the monkeys hitherto noticed On.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22


ing no thumbs. or only a minute rudiment OF
any other New World ape. and mono of them
as has been already mentioned has ischiatic
callosities
Certain monkeys known as wooily mon
keys closely resemble those Just described.
save that they have well-developed thumbs.
commonest and most frequently seen OF
ready referred to rs being SO much in re-
quest for tricks and exhibitions. They are
considerably smaller in size than the
spider or bowling monkeys. and make good
and uttering tiute-like sounds when respond
ing to caresses or endearments. They are
very numerous. and there are probably at least
some twenty different species, though they
vary SO remarkably III color that their real
number is by no means satisfactorily deter
mined; 1t Is possible that--n the sapaious and
in tho bowling monkeys are the groups OF AMI
mails where new species are now in actual
process OF formation. That careful naturalist.
DR.. RenRger. managed to obtain some rare OPP
portunties of observing these watchful timid
animals in Paraguay which is about their
southern boundary. There they pass their
lives almost constantly in trees. which they
to forage in some tempting field OF maize.
Sleeping at night between conveniently
branching twlgs, they pass the day ranging
from tree to tree in search OF fruit. buds, In
secis. honey, or for some nests eggs or callow
brood, going about In family groups of from
large troop approached him while he was hid
den from their observation. First came an old
male. passing from one trees summit to
another and keeping n careful lookout In all
directions He was followed by about dozen
others OF both sexes. three of the females car
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

GOLDEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS MONKEY.
we're obliged to kill them. We then skinned
them and carried their skins home with us. ;,
tSee Pliny's Natural History. Vol. H.. 1859. v.
and VI. 200 edition. Silligl Two OF these.
stuffed were placed by Hanno In the temple Of
Astarte in Carthage. where they remained till
that city was captured by the Romans
The extent OF Africa inhabited by the AMI
NAL is not large, only including the forest
region. extending Inland between the mouths
OF the CAMERON and Congo Rivers.
Its smaller cousin, the chimpanzee. is found
over much wider range. namely. from the
Gambia to the BenGuela. extending inland as
far as 2So east longitude. The earliest notice
OF what was probably this animal appeared in
q description OF the Kingdom OF Congo by Pig
afetta in 1898. published at Frankfort. A
further notice appeared in curious book
entitled. "Purchas; His Pilgrimage" in 1913
but in the last year OF the Same seventeenth
century full and accurate account OF the
structure of the chlmpanzee with excellent
plates. was published in London by Tyson
under the title "Anatomie of PiGmie."
The gorilla has been hardly seen in Europe
Westminster Aquarium and in Berlin but the
hibited alive In London. and is an attractive
feature in menageries, not only from its re-
semblance to q child deformed by prefer
natural wrinkles of age, but also from It's livel-
ness and tho facility with which 1t acquires q
number OF playful tricks.
There Is at the present moment chimpan-
zee, known as sally. at the London Zoolog-
ical Gardens which is in three ways remark
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22


itors. The venerable relics OF this felicitous
ape arc still carefully, preserved in the ma
tional collection Mt tho British Museum.
- with tho balloons. We end the series OF, Old
which ut all closely resembles them. 1t has
been suggested that the bowling monkeys. the
largest in bulk, may be taken as the repre-
sentatives in tho New World Of the balloons
their organization. or thHir habits Instead
OF rock dwellers and being. quadrupedal
arc extremely arboreal. being one OF those
groups which. as before observed. are lur-
nished with perfectly prehensle tail. AS their
prodigious cries, which are said to be some
times almost deafening. A curious modification
of structure goes with this portentous clamor.
At tho root of the tongue in ourselves, and in
extended bone. In these apes the bone in ques-
ton is OF enormous size. being q great bony
bladder with very thin walls. There can be
little doubt but that the resonance OF their
voice Is enormously augmented by this bony
drum. In captivity. bowling monkeys seem
sullen and morose. and. though not petulant.
found among the next group of American apes.
the spider monkeys.
These latter are no less wonderfully adapted
for tree life, while they are more active and
New World the long-armed apes Of the Old. al
though they are very slow animals compared
deed and also legs. whence their name. but
the former do not Dredominate over the latter
at all, as in the gibbons. So powerful is the
grip OF tho spider monkeys prehensie ia il. and
the animals whole body be sustained hanging
by means of it. but 1t even serves as a fifth
hand, grasping and bringing to the mouth or
prehension in some other respects is sin gularly
defective, they alone among American
monkeys resemble the coloDi OF Africa. in hav-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

remained i'll for n long time. and never fully
recovered the use OF his arm"
poid ares arc the lonE-armed apes or glib
hons. They arc generally much less regarded
by the public than those moro celebrated
creatures, the gorilla. chlmpanHce. and orang.
great interest. and in some respects more re-
semhle ourselves thnn does any one OF the
three kinds INST mentioned. Tho gibbons are
smaller creatures, but arc all rs completely
destitute OF tail as are their three moro re-
nCwned relatives. The largest Ginbou stands
about feet high from head to heel. There
much in color. according to age, sex.
and other conditions. that tho species cannot
yet he said to be very well defined. They
range ovor southeastern Asia, and Mt present
times. Gibbon, much larger than any now
existing roamed through the forests Of the
south OF France. Though some are to he found
In Africa, and others In Burmah Malacca and
pelago, in tho great islands OF Borueo. Suma-
ira; Java and in others. for they are there
widely dittused save in the Philippine islands.
Their agility is most wonderful. They will
swing themselves from branch to branch. by
their long arms, with such amazing ra-
Ipb IdIty t tha fo they seem almost to fly
their wonderful motions, in a large cage
specially provided in the Geological Gardens
We have also listened TO the remarkable man
like sounds they emit las before said when
In spite Of their great activity these ami
mails are exceedingly gentle and make excel
lent pets. although they can and will infiict
terrible wounds with their elongated canine
the gibbons. inhabits Sumatra. aud goes about
in troops there. making the woods rercho
morning and evening. with Its deafeningly
The gibbons have arms so long that they
reach the ground while tho body Ia perfectly
erect. This great length OF arm tends to pre-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22


the shop. and asked to be allowed to inspect
them. We then found that artificial thumbs
had been sewed on. and the proprietor of the
shop admitted that he had had this done to
restore the specimens to what he supposed
must have been their natural condition!
1t is often assumed that wild animals escape
most OF the evils to which civilized human
flesh is heir. No doubt in most cases when
such creatures are sufferers from disease. mer-
ciful nature calls in her destructive powers
to mako speedy end of their Suferings.
Nevertheless, skeletons in our museums show
that these apes. in their hot. damp. native
forests, do occasionally suffer severely from
acute rheumatism.
The two groups of long tailed apes Just
noticed form together one very natural and
distinct section or sub-family of tho ape order.
With the exception of the lofty region OF
Of Africa and Asia, although in Miocene times
they ranged through Europe from Greece to
Mmntpellier if not further north.
The next sub-iamily of monkeys to be here
noticed is one which is no less distinct, though
the forms 1t contains are more varied. In It
we find as it We're a sliding scale of forms
sueI p as ths DIANA mdpEeT
the Mona or the whte-nosed monkey.
to the largest and most brutal Of the
balloons. The whole sub-tamily -, is inn
OF these is made up Of species exclusively Afr-
can. such as the three kinds above mentioned.
and their allies; The Diana monkey is So
above the forehead The Mona is remarkable
for Its brilliant coloration Its head being yell
iowish olive with n black stripe on the fore
head. yellow whiSkerS. and purple face. The
back Is chestnut brown. and there is a white
spot on each side OF the root Of the tail. which
is black. Various species Of this group
are Distinguished by curious markings on tho
fnce. The whito- nosed monkeys are very at
tractlve. generally gentle animals, and most
easy TO distinguish by the character their
a hardly less conspicuous stripe where the
moustache should be- Other monkeys OF Vest
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

rupedal In their mode OF propulsion. and have
by far the most prominent muZzle. being known
as the ClInoceDhdhts. or dog headed npes. The
ape with the most exaggerated snout Is the
chacma OF South Africa, 1t is n very powerful
brute, which lives in troops among rocks,
and. though mainly n vegetable feeder will
also eat eggs large insects. and scorpions
which IL is said to deprive Of their sting by n
very sudden and deNterous pinch
one OF the most singular OF tho balloons Ia
in bnI of body n is remSTkabIe Tor Tic Hi
liant coloration of It's face. tho checks being
brilliant blue. tho nose veImilion, and tho
head golden yellow. 1t was an example of this
species which, in the earlier years of this CEN
fury, was known at EXctor aS Happy
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

feet changed into mere hooks. which remain
uncasp. BY this means the animal can sleep
securely while hanging back downward,
within its leafy bower. Monkeys, Us we all
know, have tho feet modified into prehensile
organs acting like hands the great toe grasp
ing powerfully in opposition to tho other four.
This modification wonderfully adapts them for
tree life. There is however one further posi-
BILE adaptation, aud only one. and IL is Just that
very adaptation which Is to be found in the
monkeys OF American forests. 1t is an adap-
tation which supplies them with what is prac-
tically a fifth hand. In the spider monkeys,
their cousins. the woolly monkeys and the
bowling monkeys, the under surface OF the ter
minsl portion of the tail is naked, that it can
be exactly and closely applied to any surface
with which 1t Is in contact The tail itself Is Il
very powerful muscular organ. and is capable
OF curling its own end so firmly round an OBJ
ject that the animals whole body can thus be
safely suspended. A tail OF this kind ia
called prehensile tail. Not every American
monkey has 1t. but no monkey which is
not American possesses anything Of the kind.
Its possession must greatly add to the security
and ease OF locomotion in any forest-dweling
beast. An amusing illustration OF the wide
spread ignorance which exists as to such mat
ters. and also OF the use Of the Imagination
in q way not strictly scientific. occurred
with reference to the Prince OF Wales's
visit to India some years ago. Among
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1890-06-22

nevertheless, has not been named after him.
but after his imitator. Amerigo Eespuccl In
another branch OF science we all hear some-
thing about galvanism. and often use the
term. That curious kind OF force received its
name from Galvani. who called attention TO 1t
In 1889; but Swammerdam had discovered it
one hundred and thirty years earlier.
The last biological novelty Is the hypothesis
that every organism however long or short its
life may be. contains an immortal substance.
transmitted from generation to generation,
and from century to century Every one now
couples with this idea the name OF Prof Weis-
mann. ignoring tho fact that the same doctrine
was publicly taught by poor old Sir Richard
Owen half century ago
Similarly the discovery of the gorilla has
been 80 generally attributed to Mr.. du Chaillu.
that 1t is absolutely needfu to remind readers
OF this day Of the debt due to American dis
coverers and DISORDERS OF preceding gene
ration.
Nevertheless 1t seems probable that the ami
NAL had been described. and even specimens OF
it obtained, moro than two Thousand three
hundred years earlier. In $40 b. O.. the Car
thaRinian Government having decreed that
thirty thousand persons should be transported
south OF the Pillars OF Hercules to found Phr-
ncian colonies on the West African coast,
Hanno set out accordingly with fleet Of sky
vessels. and subsequently road a report of his
expedition to the Senate at Carthage. Therein
he read that after long journey they entered n
gulf, and near it found number of wild
men" entirely covered with hair. who were
called "gorillas" by his interpreters. I'VE
pursued them he says. but could not take
any OF the men on account OF their quickness
in climbing, but we took three women. who bit
and tore those who carried them OIL so that We