New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-07-21

finds himself at home in Ncw-Eneland, eSpcclilN
as he comes to own land himself. he ratu1aiizeS
himself as has been said, and becomes hAture'
The recorded number Of settlers IN Mas'a-
chusetts from British America was IN 1870
sc. 900; in 1880. 1000 and in 1888, l4"OOo'
OF the last named, 64,000-rather less THAN nall
were French Canadians: Al, 600 were from Nova
Scotia and 5000 from NewBrunswck
BESIDES these changes, the last ten years have
sboyn q considerable increase in the German and
Scandinavian population and large increase IN
the Italian population In 1850 there were but
21l6 Italians in Massachusetts. The number IS
much larpcr now. On tie other hand, the great
diminution of IRISH emigration to tie country
has so affected the population of New-Engand
that there are probably no more residents OF Irish
birth in 1890 than there were in 1880
I know the danger of beginning a paper like
this by body of statistics Bnt an lhtcIhgeho
reader wants facts for working over III MS own
way. and wants TO know what Is the authority
which he is following Ii Will easily ne sceh
that the New-EEGland of to-day Is not 'ie Nc"-
ENGLAND which Ezra Stiles looked fof"aTu TO-
About half the pC0plc OF NcW.EAs"'hd arc cur
grants from Europe or from CaEada' or are Gull
dren of such cmigrantS. The NeW-Ehglahd oil To-
day is very largely engaged III manufacturers
This means that the population is concentrated III
large cities more than the population was when
New England was nearly all from ola lahNce
stock It is lot, however, true that New
ENGLAND has Given up agriculture No one OF the
xiv States feeds itself All Of them receive their
bro,dstrGs and more or less OF their butter,
clooso ecgs and meats from the West. In re-
turp for tbc rood thus purchased, NcW-EnglahI
evports in the line Of food little excepting ii>h
and q little hay Still, in 1855 there were III
Massachusetts, alone 5000 persons engaged IN
farming out OF a working population OF ap""t
400 400 men OF the $4,000 about l0''oV
owned their farms. $4,000 were hired IanoIeIS'
and the rest were dairImcn, florists, gardeners
ard oyersccrs The farms. on the average were
50 small that there was hardly more than one
hired laborer the year round for every TWO FARMS
In the three ncthcrn States the proportion Oh
farms and farm laborers is larger.
Many of these farmers are engaged IN Wha' was
the original business of farmcr-namcIN' crea'ihs
food out of air and sun and rain ana WorK-ah"
using il for the bringing up OF men ana women
the work which, on the whole, the world counts
as noble work there is. To n large event. ho'
wholly, however such man IS indifferent ~ ~
the market Of his wares. His best market Is III
his own house; and his best results are the heoIth
of his wife and children. But Of course, there
uuet no some market outside The prosperity Of
tho NewFupland farmer comes where he Is able
f., nr,yidc food for the jewellers IN manufacturing
towns not far away. Mr.. Golden himself and
Mr.. Mills do not Ike a stale egg. II may have
been bought in the lowest market, you know, as
Free Trade teaches, you know; but. after all
theory will not work always, and they kc an
cog which has not been truudiCd Thousand
miles since it was laid. So is II Of milk ANA
cream. Mass chuSctis now delivers .ilN tu( III
Virginia-and is glad b. do 50. ~; M'ssacA4s'ii'
pcoplr do not choose TO- take Virginia milk III
their own coffee. They buy in q nearer market
The towns. therefore, which come within Ic
milk circle OF NcW-l OrG. NeW-ii1Ncu, HARTFORD
and Boston, say-on the OUTSIDE. rouehN-a
hundred miles from those cities are towns favor
ably placed for milk farming IoI milN can nc
delivered, by rail from sucn towns within SIX
or eight hours Of milking. Nnch mix IS stored
in ice and IS sent from Boston as far as Norio,S
on the south aud Portland or further on the
north. When We hear OF farms Waldht pun
chasers in the four northern NcW-ln-'ahd Ntit~''
they are farms outside the milk range. But IN
those regions if there bc manufacturing town
within the range of trade n milk, egg and
vegetable business spring up remuLerauNc t. t"c
farmer.
Thirty-scycn thousand men were engaged in
the fisheries from New-Ensiand III leo. Ihr
product Of years Work was estimator al
Sl4,0O0,0O0. OF this rather more than S!,O'r,-
900 was for WlaltOI and whalcbJne. so that i!f
food drawn from the sea may be called $l2,Uou,-
ment approaching accuracy as - IL" Hd'H'ci OF
scamen, though navigation IS the Oh time business
OF New-Eneland. AS ceisuScs aN taken l"eJ
record the number OF persons at home. Oh certain
day. Now the exact business OF sall,ra IS t. d.
away from home, 50 that they are tic very people
not recorded. The census returns ere therefor"
meagrc, and not to be quoted or relied upon
With these exceptions almOS; MI the bread winners
in New England are ENGAGED III m1fuiact T.u-
industry or in the inland work Of transport1ion oi
in trade. The old estimate for fighting men was
that they numbered oLe-iiith OF tine popul'ilon
But as the twentieth century and Mr. le!hny s
success draw nearer, we find that tWo-nit', or u
per cent, of the men and women OF MdsSachusrl''
are bread-WinncTs, and probably tins 10 n iolr
statement for al Aew-Lngiand Inc Nlisad-
chuseits statistics cover about one-hai OF the
population q w-Engand. And the general
SIMILARITY Of interests and Of customs is such that
one Of the New-England States readily Overflows
into another. So that the ratio in as large a
State as Massachusetts is quite accurate for the
whole. II must I've remembered, q courn, That
there is more agricultural opportunity In the three
northern States Of the group-that almost al III"
lumber cutting is there ana that ship-huildin2 i
an important industry in Maine taking larger
proportions than in the other States.
The most important point 10 note is that nine
tenths Of the w0rknen are workmen and not
drudges. 1hat is they work with their brains
and not with the mere physical force OF weight
ara muscle. 1his single remark upsets most oi
the European spcCulatlOus on government ahd
suffrage; for they are generally bnscd on tine ide'
that an immense subslratun OF what they PIE nc
supports the fabric OF the STATE. The truth Is
tuat in a region 10 more civilized than New
England tie labOrcrs, or mcn without craft
make only ii per cent, while the skilled work
men, or Ieope who suhdue matter by mind make
50 Der cent of the working force. ! wish We
could restore the old Bible language, by winch
mere toll or drudpery is called labor, and The
subjuaatjon Of matter by miLd Is called work.
/ In his language the righteous c"ose from ihciI
/ labors and their works follow them. God works
! lie never laborS. And the effort Of all moicra
.ff,o4f ,.., 10 N f.
/ movers do the labor" while man does the work.
In this sense, 80 per cent Of the brcadWinncr
! Of Massachusetts, are WorhiHch ana Work"oIIc.
/ and only II per cent are abOrcro. The prOgortlO.
| in the rest Of New England must be almost Tx
same as il is perfectly easy to cross any State
line and such classic?t.onS adjust thcIselfc
TO a precise equality. Whoever is disposed lh"
70 trim, in politics, 70 the drddets or ra'hc
of Shakesae6rc's Language, will please 30 Tcmcm
/ Ter thai while in Massachusetts in 1850 ;hcr
were but 80 900 such people, al told thc'e wee
AZ. 900 people in professional IRE or IN the ON
| nloy of Government: and let him rcmcmhc
that something like this is substantially true H.