The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1890-05-17
THE APPLE ORCHARD,

How Best to Raise, Cultivate and Care
for It-Useful Hints and Directions by
an Experienced Illinois Fruit-Grower.
The following paper on "How to
Raise, Cultivate and Care for an Apple
Orchard" was delivered by Hon. Thorn
as Lowrcy, an experienced orchardist Of
Flora. ILL.,, before the spring meeting OF
the Fruit-Growers' Association of Soutn-
eastern Illinois. From it we take the
following:
"Having selected the site for my
orchard, would, in the fall of the year,
with the plow throw up a ridge on the
lines surrounding my orchard tract for
the purpose of planting hedge.
would then with plow, or what would
be better, road scraper, throw UP a
road twenty feet in width on each side
of the tract, thereby making u road
entirely around the orchard.
81 would then plow the ground into
lands thirty feet wide, or as near tina,
width as may be, to make the rows come
out an equal distance apart. ThirtJ
feet think, is the proper distance te
plant. The land should then be har,
rowed sufficiently to make good bottom
for meadow. Then when the proper
time comes for seeding l would, If tim
berland, SOW it in clover, one peck OF
seed per acre. If prairie land. | would
SOW 1t in clover and timothy, at the rate
of one peck of clover seed and one gallon
of timothy per acre.
when spring came, with the land in
good condition for cultivation, / would
plow strip six feet in width in the CEN
ter of each land, as deeply as / could,
throwing the dirt out, then harrow it we'll
and throw the dirt back with the plow.
This will leave the land in fine condi-
tion for planting. i would plant the
trees thirty feet apart in rows each way.
When ready to plant the first thing
would do would be to plow entirely
around the tract, having lath to stand
exactly where intended to plant each
tree, in the outside rows of the orchard.
The outside rows should be, / think,
about twenty-five feet from the center
of the road which was laid out around
the orchard.
81 would set the trees about two
inches deeper than they grew in tn.
nursery. After leveling the bottom OF
the shallow hole in which you are going
to plant, take the tree, and with a
sharp knife cut off all broken or bruised
roots with an underslope. Examine
carefully for borers in the roots, and be
certain not to plant any with the tree,
as in all probability you will have
enough of them without going to that
trouble. Now place the tree in the hols,
spreading the roots as evenly in each
direction as possible, placing the side
which is most heavily rooted to tho
southwest; now sift the loose dirt down
amongst the roots, pressing it in so as
not to leave air spaces, then fill in with
dirt until the roots are thoroughly GOV.
cred and tramp down solidly, then fill
up with loose dirt and leave the tree
standing as nearly perpendicular as pos
sible.
1 would plant nothing but yearling
trees. AS soon as / was done planting
my orchard would plant the hedge of
Usage orange, placing the plants two
feet apart in the row, then puta barbed-
wire fence, of at least three wires, di-
rectly over the hedge.
81 would with double-shovel or cul-
tivator keep the strip of ground in
which the trees are planted thoroughly
cultivated until the middle of July, at
which time ! would carefully examine
for borers, repeating the middle of
August and about the last of ofSeptember,
at which time would wrap the trees to
protect them from rabbits. The strip
of clover between the rows should be
moved when it is ready to cut for hay,
and left lying on the ground as it fell,
to act as fertilizer After the leaves
fell | would go over the orchard and
pick off every leaf roller, caterpillar
nest, and, in fact, every insect or insect
harbor could find, dropping them into
a sack swung around the neck. When
any considerable number were collected
| would empty them out and burn
them. When good weather came in the
spring, l would again examine for
borers