davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1890-01-22
The New PresIdent q Brazil.


Senior Fonseca, the. new President OF
Brazil, is thus described by one who has
known him well in South America. HI
is rather fair, and his eyes are gray. HI
is now sixty-two or sixty-three years Of
age; his hair and beard show good deal
of gray. He is about five feet ten inches
high and weighs about one hundred and
sixty-fve pounds. He is portly and al
gether man Of fine physique. He has
a well-deyeloped forehead, wears full
beard, and has a nose slightly inclined to
the aquiline, but not at'all prominent.
His face is full, but not ford. Though
lawyer, he has been a planter and
STAKEHOLDER. be was at one time tenn
porarily in charge. Of an American
school ALBANY IN. w Argus
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1890-01-22
HISTORY OF PENS.
The Biblical Iron Pen Not Identical with
the Modern Article.

The Biblical Iron Pen Not Identical with
the Modern Article.
The ''iron pen" is mentioned in the
Bible by job; the Biblical pen is, how
ever, supposed to have been = chisel Of
bronze used for cutting hieroglyphics
on stone or other hard substances. Who
invented the first flexible iron pens,
fashioned after the style with which we
are SO familiar, is not certainly known.
Prior to the advent of steel or iron pens,
quilts or reeds were used for writing on
skins or parchment for centuries.
The English word pen is from the
Latin penna, a feather; because quilts
were used for pens.
The firstinstance Of an iron pen being
used on paper or parchment is recorded
shaving occurred in 1885. Thisfrstat-
tempt was rude imitation of quill
and its use very limited. Crude and i'm
perfect as this embryo pen was, others
fashioned after the same model 3
clumsy iron quill, we're tho best any
one could afford up to about the begin.
ming of the present century. In 1909
Wise made the steel barrel pen, which,
besides being very clumsy was also exc
pensive-consequently itwa never used
to any great extent. In 1890 Joseph
elliot, an ingenious English manufact-
urer, who had, up to the date given,
been engaged in the manufacture Of =
barrel pen, made lucky hit whereby ho
could manufacture the steel pen In al
most exactly the same style in which 10
is used to-day. These he made in
Birmingham, England. and sold at what
seems to us Of the present day an enor-
nous figure, sse per gross. Improves
ment and competition soou reduced tho
price. In 1880, ten years later, they sold
for 50 per gross, and in 1860 for - cents.
At the present time steel pen, better
than the elliot of 1920, can be bought
for less than s cents per gross.-St
Louis Republic.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1890-01-22

was hidden from observation
sunbonnet.
Her figure was slender, and
graceful in her clean pink II,
hands were singularly nice han
girl who washed dishes three
day,
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
THE EAST.

NEAR Johnstown, N. Y, on the 9th
a strong flowing we'll of petroleum was
struck.
A STILL exploded in the Standard oil
works at Hunters Point, N. Y, on the
ssth, causing fire which destroyed
property worth 100000.
AN explosion of nitro-glycerine on the
2Sth near Alton, Pa, killed William II.
McHenry and Alexander Conner, two
well-known men.
NEAR Sunbury, Pa, premature blast
on the 2sth killed five men and badly
injured dozen more.
In Warwick, N. Y, "Aunt Kitty
Currie died on the 2Sth at the extraor-
dinary age of 107 years and 8 months.
She was first married when 80 years of
age, and married the second time at the
age of 90 years.
On the 3Oth ult. the steamer Bothnia,
with Miss Bisland, the competitor Of
Nellie Bly, in the race around the world,
reached New York.
On the 30th ult. Ann Revine, aged
los years, was in Newark IN. J.) court
to complain that she had been robbed Of
$3OO-her all.
INaquarrel on the 30th ult. at Erie,
Pa, between Italians, four persons were
fatally cut with stilettos.
In New York the Lenox Hill and the
Sixth National banks suspended pay
ment on. the 30th ult. owing to the oper-
ations of President Claassen, of the lat
ter concern, who tried to dispose of
$500, 600 worth of bonds belonging to the
bank.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
FROM WASHINGTON.

PRESIDENT HARRISON sent the follow
ing nominations to the Senate on the
9th: Richard Guenther, of Wisconsin,
to be Consul General to the City of Mex
leo; John F. Winter, of Illinois, Consul
at Mannheim; George N. Pepper, of
Ohio, Consul at Milan; Augustine
Heard, of Massachusetts,, Minister to
Corea.
IT was stated at the Treasury Depart
ment on the 2sth that the government
lease of Castle Garden, New York, would
terminate March 81, and that suitable
quarters for emigrants would be secured
on Governors Island, which would be
entirely under government control
THE National American Women Suf-
frage Association will meet in Washing
ton February 1s next.
THE President on the goth nominated
Blanche K. Bruce (colored) to be re-
corder of deeds in the District Of Colum-
bia.
A SECOND call was issued by Secretary
Window on the goth to National banks
for the surrender on or before March 1
of ten per cent of their public deposits.
THE President on the 3Oth ult. ap-
pointed William H. Taft, of Ohio, Solic-
itor-General.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
WEST AND SOUTH.

In Chicago Riley Burdett, manufacture
er of the celebrated organ which bears
his name, died at his residence on the
26th, aged Il years. Mr.. Burdett was
known in every civilized country and in
every town, great and small, in the
United States by his musical instru-
ments.
On the 27th John B. Lallande, New
Orleans cotton merchant, failed for
$500, 900.
AT the Republican caucus of the Iowa
House on the 2sth Silas Wilson was
nominated for speaker, and the DEM
ocrats nominated j. T. Hamilton for the
same Office. When the House convened
the deadlock was resumed.
The National Association of Builders
in session on the 2sth at st. Paul de-
cided to treat the eight-hour day as a
local issue, and get around it by hiring
and compensating labor by the hour.
PROF. j. jess, while experimenting
with oxygen in q school at Lexington,
Ill, on the 2Sth had both eyes blown
out and four scholars were probably f.
tally injured.
The tracks of the Central Pacific road
near Cascade, CAL, were on the 2Sth
covered by snow to the depth of fifty
feet.
The Supreme Court Of Montana on the
2Sth rendered decision which makes
the Republican body the legal Legisla-
ture of the State.
Tony WrLsoN, aged 12 years, stabbed
Robert Niles, aged Is years. with :
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
THE CREED.

The Question of Its Revision Still Under
Discussion by the New York Presby-
terians.
New YORK, Jan. 31.-Sixty speeches
have now been made in the presbytery
of this city in reference to the revision
of the Westmins ter confession of faith.
So far only one man has spoken twice,
but to-day President Thomas s. Hast
ing, of the Union Theological Seminary,
will speak for the second time.
THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY.
Presbyterianism, as a denomination, may be
was formed in Scotland at that time. In an
other and more strictly germinal sense this
church was born at Geneva, John Calvin,
rather than John Knox, being its father OF
course, the doctrines set forth by Calvin were
by no means new. He was disciple Of Angus
tine and Athanasius, and, like them, adhered
closely to what they and he thought was the
theology Of St. Paul.
The Presbyterian creed, which is now under
domestic fire. is the statement OF doctrine and
rule Of practice agreed upon by the famous
Westminster assembly, which convened in
London in 1913 by order Of the British Parlia.
ment.
The Westminster confession Of faith was
drawn up by q committee Of that general as
year later a sub committee was appointed to
complete the report, which was submitted in
July Of 1916, but owing to the thoroughness
Of the discussion which followed it was not
until December that the assembly was ready to
submit 1t to Parliament. The next year tho
Church Of Scotland approved the report. 1t
should be added here that Scotch commission
ers were invited to participate in the formation
Of the proceedings, and did so, thus
making the creed about equally the product
Of English and Scotch Presbyterisns. In
1913 the Scotch Parliament ratified it,
under the title Of Articles of Christian
Religion" The English Parliament made
few unimportant changes, and then
adopted it, but this English adoption
mattered little The restoration soon came,
and with it Episcopacy regained the place briefly
wrested from 1t by Presbyterianism Scotland,
on the contrary, chung, and still clings to the
faith and polity of the Westminster assembly.
The Westminster assembly held many ses-
sions after the work which made it famous had
been completed. 1t may be said to have been
the third estate under the Parliament which
gave it birth. The last recorded session was
held March q 16S9
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
MARBLE ROOM.

in the morning, and have spent the en-
tire morning planning for appointment
to Office upon Senatorial recommends
ton, or for the passage Of some bill pro-
viding for the payment Of an old claim,
or for securing assistance in some gi-
gantic legislative scheme; but the SEN
ators have been attending to their own
affairs in the departments or answer
ing letters until the hour of meeting in
the Senate at noon, and they will not
allow themselves to be interrupted un-
til they have introduced certain impor-
tant bills, called up committee reports,
or secured the passage of some resolu-
tion of value to their States. They are
entitled to at least two hours immunity
from private interests, and the rule
which bars the general public is an ad-
visable one.
But the exceptions to this rule are
not always commendable. The marble
room is safe retreat for those whom
the Senators look upon with favor,
and it is . magnificent palatial place in
which to hear and answer questions Of
grave importance. There is sufficient
space therein for dozen couples to con-
verse quietly and privately, and many
an important matter Of legislation has
been decided in that handsome marble
tiled, marble-walled, marble-roofed,
frescoed and mirrored place. The ia
vored few are all female lobbyists, a.
you might infer. One afternoon during
the first session of the Fiftieth Congress
there was admitted to the masOle room
tall, handsome, vigorous gentleman.
the representative Of one Of the greatest
corporations in this country; promi-
nent Senator from Western State re-
sponded to his call and greeted him
pleasantly. They occS pied sofa in one
corner Of the room and conversed but :
few moments, when the other occupants
Of the room we're startled by the utter
ance Of oaths and excited language on
the part OF the lobbyist while the Sem.
ator coo1ly arose and left the room
without resenting the insults which
vlSjSSfx& vlSSSfx& r 8 uS16s1 u - 36h1SS4SfS
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
MINNESOTA STATE NEWS.
GOING TO AFRICA.

Young Men from St. Paul and Kansaa,
City Going to the Dark Continent. s
w. J. Harris and John E. Jadequist,
of st. Paul, and five young men from
Kansas expect to sail for Africa about
the 1st of March. Three of them will
60 over the Kong mountains into the
Soudan and two will 60 up the Mobangi
river, all in the capacity of missionaries.
Messrs. Harris and Jadequist propose
to establish an American missionary
colony in the Soudan composed entirely
of St. Paul people, and have list of
twenty-five names of those who will join
them some time during the coming
year. Mr.. Harris says the undertaking
is entirely on their own responsibility.
and is governed by the faith principle.
He received letter recently from Pres
ident Hyde, of Bowdoin College, In
which that gentleman says: II am
greatly interested in your project. II
is the most practical and promising
scheme that I have heard of, and I
would be glad to have you interest our
students in it"
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

CHRISTIAN TALBOT, who died in Lon
don the other day, was the father" of
the House Of Commons. He was not
only eighty-six, but he had sat con-
tinuously in Parliament for the same
Welsh county for fifty-nine years. Dur
ing this extended period he endeared
himself to the nation by never making
a speech. He was in Parliament before
the reform bill; he saw Golden. Bright,
Disraeh and the rest come in as young
men and disappear as old ones, and yet
he had the marvellous self-command
never to say any thing, though he made
fair speeches outside. He was the
largest landowner in Britain.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

THE Bulletin of the American Iron
and Steel Association issued recently a
supplement on the pig-iron trade during
the last two years. The total production
of pig-iron in the United States in 1889
was 1904, 525. gross tons, against 6, 4s9, 7ss
gross tons in 1sss-an increase of Liza
7s7 gross tons, or over II per cent Re-
ducing gross to net tons the production
in 1889 was s,517,06s net tons against
7,26s, 507 net tons in 1888. There was at
the close of 1889 total of five hundred
and seventy blast furnaces in the
United States, three hundred and forty
four of which were in full blast, two
hundred and twenty-six out of blast
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE

AT Callantsoog, Holland, the British
ship Loeb Moidart went ashore on the
9th and thirty of her crew were washed
overheard and drowned. The British
ship Janet Cowan lost five sailors in a
storm off the Isle of Wight.
Rio JANEIRo advices of the 2Sth say
that forty sailors we're executed by the
new government for shouting; Long
live the Emperor"
On the 29th John Winn, one of the
survivors of the famous Shannon Chesa-
peake battle, died at Truro N. s., aged
106 years.
DISPATCHES of the goth say that Amer
leans in Mesopotamia had unearthed an
ancient temple and found bell, tablets
and cylinders bearing Inscriptions dat
ing $3.50 years B. c.
COLOMBIA advices of the 29th say that
the tribe of Indians 10000 in number)
on the San Bias reservation had raised
the American flag and declared them
selves American citizens.
JOHN GoRLEY's house at St. Johus, n.
F., was burned on the Goth, and he and
three OF his children-two boys and a
girl-perished in the flames. His wife
and three other children escaped.
News of the Goth says that the Bra
lillian Government had issued q decree
divorcing the church and State.
On the 30th ult. the Canadian Parlia-
ment announced that the estimated ex-
penses for the next fiscal year were $780,
OOO 900.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

AT Newburgh, N. Y, the other morn.
ing an electric light wire sagged and
got in contact with an iron awning post.
A horse that happened to touch its nose
to the post was knocked insensible;
Thomas Dawson, who ran to help the
horse, was instantly killed, and Thomas
Saltz, who went to aid Dawson, received
a shock that stunned him.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
The News Of the Week.
BY TELEGRAPH AND MAIL.
ElTYFlRST CONGRESS.

FiFTY-FlRST CONGRESS.
MONDAY, Jan. 27.-In the Senate
Mr.. Cockrell introduced bill to re-
peal the silver coinage bill OF February
IS, 1878, and to require the purchase
and coinage of S., 600, 900 a month in
standard silver dollars Mr.. Walthall
spoke on the race question. In the
House the bill appropriating 81, 500, 900
for the erection of three United States
prisons for the imprisonment of United
States prisoners was passed. Bills
were introduced for the appointment of
Commissioner of Immigration; pro-
hibiting the transportation of intoxi-
eating liquors from one State or Terri
tory to another State or Territory in
violation of the laws thereof; to pension
the widows and orphans of people killed
for political purposes since the close of
the late war.
TUESDAY, Jan. 2s.-The direct tax
bill was passed in the Senate. A me-
mortal was presented for the establish
ment of a republican form of govern
mont in the State of Mississippi. In
the House bill was passed providing
that in cases of pension claims of de-
pendent parents it shall be necessary
only to show to the pension Office that
the parents are without other means of
support than manual labor. A bill was
reported to provide for the issue of cir
culating notes to National banking as
sociations.
WEDNESDAY, Jan. 29.-In the Senate
q go e. ~
of'a monument to Abraham Lincoln
on the Gettysburg battlefield. Mr..
Mitchell spoke in favor of the bill for
the free coinage of silver. The House
bill granting honorable discharge to the
sailors and marines who have lost their
certificates of discharge was passed. In
the House the election case of Smith
Virginia district was taken up. The
Democrats generally refused to vote
and made the point of no quorum. The
Speaker, however, counted the members
refusing to vote and declared quorum
present This ruling caused long de-
bate
THURSDAY, Jan. 30.-In the Senate
the bill instructing the superintend-
ent of census to gather information
regarding mortgages on homes and
farms was passed. Mr.. Vance IN. C.)
spoke on the negro emigration bill in
answer to Mr.. ingalls,. In the House
the time was occupied in wrangling
over the ruling of Speaker Reed that
members present but not voting shall
be counted in order to make up a
quorum. The Republicans sustained the
ruling and the Democrats denounced it.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

WILLIAM BENER, mechanic, was at
work the other day on the Merchants
bridge at the foot of Ferry street, st.
Louis, and when at the highest point Of
the center span became dizzy and fell a
distance of ninety feet into the water.
He was little shaken up and breath
less, but otherwise all right when picked
up. deputation should wait upon him
Immediately and implore him not to be-
come professional bridge jumper.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

IT is only few months since Judge
Terry, of California, was killed just as
he was about to attack Justice Field, of
the United States Supreme Court. The
other day Terry's nephew, Kyle Terry,
was shot dead in Galveston, Tex, while
entering the courthouse to be tried for
killing man. The fatal bullet was
fired by brother of Terry's victim.
There appears to be an excess of bad
blood in the veins of that branch of the
Terry family
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

In recent address at Albany, N. Y,
on the reform of criminals, Colonel
1ngersoll gave some statistics showing
that while in 1850, with population of
23,0O0,000, we had between 5000 and
1000 prisoners; in 1880, with $4,000, 600
population, we had 5s, 900 prisoners. In
1850 we had $4,000 insane; in 1880 we
had 81, 900 insane.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

THE Envoy Extraordinary and Minis
ter Plenipotentiary from China has de-
cided to have his household conducted
upon the plan of those of Western
nations. Hereafter the Minister'S wife
is to be allowed the freedom of the Le-
cation, and will receive and entertain
all ladies who call upon her, although
she neither speaks nor understands a
word of English. The Minister an
nounces that all visits will hereafter
be returned in person BY his wife.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

THE committee of the American Soci-
ETY. of Civil Engineers who made an ex-
animation of the facts attending the
bursting of the dam which resulted in
the Johnstown calamity have agreed
upon report, which the society, how
ever, have decided not to make public,
because of the many suits pending for
damapec ,,
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

PEORIA, ILL.,, Jan. s1.-rhe jury try
ing john T.. Farris for numbering
Stephen McGeehee, the husband of Far
ris' divorced wife, in Buckheart town
ship. Fulton County, April Is, 1887,
brought in verdict Thursday consign-
ing him to prison for twenty-five years.
Farris was tried three times for the
crime. On the first trial he was SEN.
fenced to die. On the second the jury
disagreed. The case was taken to
Peoria on change Of venue. The Pc
oria jury had been considering verdict
since Tuesday evening. go,
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
THE RACES At WAR.
Serious Riot at Morgan. Ga.-One MAJ
Killed and Many Wounded.

Serious Riot At Morgan. Ga.-One Man
Killed and Many Wounded.
MACON, Ca, Jan. 31.-S,ven thou
sand people, mostly negroes, gathered
at Morgan to witness an execution
which was postponed. The crowd
fingered, however, and there was
much drinking. In. the afternoon a
blacks, caused by a drunken negro
striking white child. Many shots
were fred and one white man was
fatally and three others seriously
wounded. Several negroes were
wounded, but none killed.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

IT has recently been estimated that
the wealth of the"people of the United
States at the present time is not far
from 500, 900, 600, 600, against s,ooo,-
600, 900 in $780, That is an average of
nearly S97o per head, as compared with
$3.50 at the time of the last decennial
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

Mrs. GRANT, widow of General Grant,
is in Washington, the guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. Washington Mclean. She has
been in retirement since the death of
her husband, but will take part in the
social gayeties of the capital this winter.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
A Bad Hand.
Literal.

Prospective Builder-Did you make
an estimate for the cellar wall?
Mason-Vell, dink can do dat chob
for twelf hundret tollers.
"Good heavens, man, do you want the
earth?"
"No, but I dink I can udelize do
stone."-Time.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
Ahout Holiday Time.

Uncle Josh (from Wayback Junction
in large dry-goods emporium, to floor
walker)-I say, mister, is them rooms
with the beds in 'em At the other end Of
the store fer the clerks ter sleep in?
Floorwalker-No sir, they are not for
the clerks. They are for out-of-town
people waiting for their change. e.-Time.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

NJ. EIFFEL has come down from his
tower to occupy residence in Paris,
which was the property of Baron Hober.
1t cost the celebrated engineer S4OO, 600,
which is about half of what he made by
building the tower.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

FRENCHMEN who have thrown $40, OO0,-
600 francs into the De Lesseps Panama
canal project await with anxiety the In
vestigation of the French Government
commission relative to the practicability
of resuming the enterprise.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06
THERE have been many tales recently

THERE have been many tales recently
told of shipwreck and disaster at sea,
and fortunately these have been varied
by a large number Of rescues, the most
important Of which is told by Captain
Bordo, OF the English steamship Falls
of Inversnaid, recently arrived at Phila-
delphia from the Javas with q cargo of
sugar, who reports picking up the dis
abled ship Siam, with a valuable cargo
of gold bullion, gold dust and elephants
tusks, and four hundred passengers and
towing her safely and successfully into
the port of Alden, in Arabia. The sal
wage which the rescuing captain will re-
ceive will obtain will reach nice sum.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1890-02-06

JOSEPH II. CRAIG, of Kentucky, who
weighs six hundred pounds, claims to
be the heaviest Odd-Fellow who ever
got safely through the Third degree,
and he carries gold medal to commemo-
rate his feat