davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-07-23
Clean Culture North and South.

Referring to our discussion in Florida
of the clean culture question, Mr.. Meehon
of the Gardeners Monthly remarks:
They are having the same discussion
over clean culture or grass culture for Or
ange trees that we in the North once had
over our orchards. They will see, as we
have had to learn, that it is q broad
question and that when we get to the ex-
tremes both or either may be right
In grass culture we encourage hD feed
ing roots near the surface, which. is a
great gain; we keep the hot u from
raising the temperature of the earth
above 800, which is also great gain !;
and another great gain is that we keep
the frost from penetrating deeply in the
winter time. Continual hoein or plow-
ing destroys innumerable SUI lace roots
and costs for extra labor, which even a
"hoed CROP scarcely compensates. Grass
on the other hand requires but little care
but cutting and curing
But the objections are that when there
are two crops on the same ground there
are two sets OF growing things clamoring
for food and drink. In a very dry time
an orchard in grass is much more likely
to suffer from want OF moisture; and, I'M
less the soil is rich, the 6: ass, competing
for food with the tree, ay induce star
walton. Thus we see t.4t the question is
wholly a general one, 'ynd has to be gov
erned in a great measure by the circum-
stances in each case.
In orange growing countries it may be
difficult to have grass, but other vegeta-
any rate the general impression of clean
culture of orange trees must be governed
by the same general considerations as
influence the decis' ons in Northern Or
chards.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-07-23

increasing the fertility of the soil. AS well
might the Western farmer expect to in
crease the profit OF raising pork by feed
ing his hogs on sugar-cured hams as for
the average farmer to depend entirely on
commercial fertilizers for his supply of
nitrogen, and expect to make any profit
in these days of close competition and
low prices.-James B. Smith, in Country
Gentleman.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-07-23
Seed Growing in Florida.

The example of Mr.. Girardeau, near
Monticello, has given the agriculturists
of this State hint which might be i'm
proved upon.
Mr.. Girardeau raises watermelons en-
tirely for their seed. When they are dead
ripe set OF men pass along and slash
them open with long knives made for the
purpose; a second set come along and
pulp their contents; a third set follow and
scoop out the pulp into buckets, then the
seeds are washed out OF it and dried.
The lack of good sound seed is one of
the greatest drawbacks to truck farming
in Florida. The Northern seed houses
seem to regard this and other far distant
States and Territories as a convenient
ground upon which to unload their old
and Enthusiastically seeds; and there is
hardly another article which the farmer
buys from the store in which he is more
systematically swindled than in that of
garden seeds.
A package of seeds is a mere bagatelle,
it costs only or 10 cents, child is sent
to the store to purchase it, the seeds are
carelessly planted and-they never come
up. This is the history OF ten thousand
cases.
1t is true that the climate of Florida is
not favorable to the long keeping OF
seeds, on account of the weevil and other
vermin that infest them; but where the
seeds are grown on large scale and the
business is carefully systematized this diff.
fculty can be overcome. Many OF them
would be shipped away. to the North as
soon as harvested.
We have an example to our hand in the
wonderful extent to which seed growing
is carried on in the province of Maine ct
Loire in France and others Immediately
adjacent. Anglers, the ancient capital of
that province, can literally claim to be
the seed house of Europe, for even the
economical Germans and the French
hating English are said to purchase a
great part of their seeds from this Sec
ton of France, or grow them there
through branch establishments.
The French have an advantage over
Florida in the cheapness and trustworth-
mess of their labor, but they are no bet
ter situated in other respects, if SO well.
Winter seldom lasts over six weeks in
that province, with only or 90 of frost
usually. We have the same and even
more favorable conditions.
All the hardy vegetables would ripen
their seeds here before the rainy season
begins, while the tender ones could be
planted at leisure and ripened after that
season is over.
There is another important considera-
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-07-23

ton. Phosphorus is the most important
element known to agriculture for the pro-
duction of sound, plump seed in album
dance, and this we have in ample meas
ure in our phosphates.-Florida Dis
patch.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-07-23
Where Can We Get Our Nitrogen.

l have been much interested in the diff
ferent articles appearing from time to
time in regard to the sources of the sup
ply of nitrogen for growing crops, and
am much pleased at the tendency OF our
scientific men to investigate the matter
and learn to what extent the farmer can
rely upon nature to supply his crop with
this much needed and costly element, and
also from what sources he can assist his
crop to secure nitrogen without buying
it.
If the farmer can manufacture all the
nitrogen needed in excess of what the
crop can secure from the air, without re,
course o commercial fertilizers it would
be of inestimable benefit to him. Accord
ing to the February bulletin Of the North
Carolina Experiment Station for 1889,
out of thirty-four brands OF fertilizers
containing nitrogen, the average cost OF
the nitrogen was 34.74 per cent. of the
whole HoWmuch of these fertilizers was
but as each manufacturer must pay $500
license for each brand, and they paid into
the State treasury SIT, 900 before they
could offer their goods for sale within the
State, the sale of fertilizers must be enOr-
nous. This tax rests directly upon the
farmer, to pay for few analyses that
could be paid for with a few hundred dol
lars, as the manufacturer must charge it
up in the cost OF ingredients, and then
add to this more than one-third OF the
cost of the whole, and it will be seen that
there is big leak somewhere, which if
stopped would go long way towards
making the balance showup on the right
side of the farmers ledger.
There must be some method, if it we're
only properly understood, by which this
element can be secured aside from the
commercial nitrates, for if the plants can
not secure a sufficient quantity from the
air and they are constantly drawing it
from the soil, it certainly would exhaust
it, and the soil of our forests and prairies
would deteriorate instead OF increasing in
fertility, and the world would gradually
become a desert.
The question is, how can the farmer as
sist nature in securing enough Of this free
nitrogen from the air to grow crop that
will enable him to return all the mineral
elements that the crop may take from the
soil and yet furnish the farmer q, subsist-
ence and a profit besides?
One reason of the exhaustion of nitro
gen in the soil is that in the raising Of
certain crops the soil is deprived of it's
natural covering OF both growing and de-
caying vegetation which can be remedied
in part by the farmer himself, and give
him better immediate returns without
any outlay more than he now makes.
Do not understand me to say that the
use of commercial fertilizers is all wrong;
the idea [ wish to convey is that there is
altogether too much dependence placed
on commercial fertilizers, and too little
attention paid to natures methods of
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1890-07-23
IL SEED MEAL
a Fertilizer for Orange Trees and Vegetables

0 o f it h bHnm used within duoe@ ointment
through hped OF
by thee4e md pahsf evnnm
4 grown hn sin Sat
O your % drawan and samp
to
F. A.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26
CastOria.

The Company, Murray Street, New City.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26

To do without the fulfillment of some
desire he satisfies here.
The man who has nothing but skill
and labor to sell will always find it to
his advantage to get where the demand
for these is most active; where wage
payers hunt for men to help carry on
their enterprises, rather than where
wage earners are compelled To hunt for
employment Inasmuch as this could
not be if the business of the country
was restricted to the few industries
possible under free trade, the working
man would have To do all the hunting
if that policy should prevail.
The workingman is buying cheapest
when he secures maximum of the
necessities and comforts of life with "A
days labor, as he does here in the
United States. And in this very trans
action he ut the same time sells the
only thing he has to sell, i. e., his labor,
in that market of all others where he can
sell dearest, or To the best advantage.
The economic theorist may ignore this
fact, but the common people of other
countries see it plainly enough, and as
consequence they come To this land
of protected and multiplying industries
in numbers without "A parallel i'm the
history of nations.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26

The proposed Democratic gerryman-
der i'm Ohio, is in harmony with the
usual policy of the party. 1t is their
purpose, not only To secure, by these
methods, majority of the congress.
men from the state at the next election,
but to SO revise the method of electing
presidential electors as to enable them
to turn the state over to Democracy.
Ways and means are being considered
in the National House of Representa-
tives whereby this little game may fail
of accomplishment. Commenting upon
this subject N Y. paper says:
mot satisfied with the gerrymander-
ing robbery of Congressional districts,
the Ohio Democrats appear determined
TO increase the contempt in which they
are held by the political world. The
latest patent means Presidential ger
rymander that strikes at the constitu-
ton of the United States and over
throws the entire method of electing a
president which has been held in undis-
puted respect for a hundred years.
The latest scheme comes from the
diseased brain of State Senator John
Buchanan. Its simplicity commends
itself So did the simplicity of the
Reign of Terror in Paris and of the
dogmatic edicts of Charles l. Simplicity
is the chosen friend of the Revolution
airy. The moment "A plot becomes
snarled in a skein of complications it
generally comes To grief
The Ohio plan is to select Presiden-
tial electors by Congressional districts,
insteadof the entire State voting for IA
complete list of electors in the college,
thus giving voice to the political major
ity in the State. Buchanan proposes
to have each Congressional district vote
for only its own elector, leaving only
the two electors at large to be chosen
by the entire State. If this plot should
succeed, fifteen of Ohio's twenty-three
electors would be Democrats, chosen in
the gerrymandered districts, and the
State would cast its Presidential vote
for the Democratic nominee by the ma
jority rule. We should thus have the
spectacle of state, which has never
failed to give her electoral vote to the
Republican candidate in every Presi-
dental campaign since the war turned
over, gagged and bound, To the Demo
cratic brigands. Her State sovereignty
and franchise in the electoral college
butchered to make Bourbon holiday!
The statesman who fathers this meas
ure is fifty named Buchanan. Just
thirty years ago another Democrat of
the same name was ready To turn over
the government, the constitution and
all the federal assets in forts and navy
yards to his fire-eating friends of the
South. He has a worthy imitator in
Buchanan, of Ohio"
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26
Buying Cheap and Selling Dear

Buy where you can buy the cheap
est, and sell where you can sell the
dearest" shouts the attorney for free
trade, and in the glitter of this trite
maxim the workingman is expected to
overlook the fact that right here in the
United States, under our existing eco
homie policy, he can maintain himself
and family with less exertion than it
could be done in any other country i'm
the world. He could not increase the
ratio of his comfort and happiness to
his labor by getting into all the markets
within reach of commerce. In fact, if
he was restricted to the highest wages
paid elsewhere, he would be compelled
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26
MISS RUSSELL.
SIRE OF

Sons and Daughters hare produced
IL IN the 80 List.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26

THE Supreme Court, of the state of
Wisconsin, has recently rendered IA de-
cision that the reading of the Bible in
public schools is unconstitutional, on
the ground that the King James version
is sectarian.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26

And six grandchildren in the ago list at I9 years
Of age.
SEVEN in the 2;2O List, THIRTY-THREE in
the 9 80 List-a showing never equalled by
any other sire of like age Seventeen of these
have entered during the last two seasons.
"NUTWOOD is certainly the equal, il not the
superior of any trotting sire i'm the world y. III.
Wallace, Editor American Trottng Register.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26
What is

Samuel Pitchers prescription for Infants
Children. 1t contains neither Opium, Morphine
other Narcotic substance. 1t is harmless substitute
ParegOrc, Drops Soothing Syrups, and Castor Oil.
Pleasant. It's guarantee is thirty years. by
Mothers. CastOria destroys Worms and aays
fevershness. Castoria prevents vomiting Sour Curd
cures Diarrh9a and Wind Collie. CastOra relieves
teethng troubles, constipation and hatulency
CastOria assimates the food, regulates the stomach
and bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. Cas-.
tOria Children's Panacea-the Mothers Friend.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26

The Detroit Tribune, under the head
ing, "Some Lives That Were Worth
Living, makes the following comments
and publishes among others "A sketch of
Uncle Hiram Mather, which we here
with reproduce:
THE record of the lives of men and
women who have attained the biblical
ly allotted span of years, and passed
beyond that limit. has always been of
interest To those who follow them Ii
Is this interest to "A great extent that
gives popularity to works of biography
The environment, the habits, the meth
DDS of living, the personal character
istics, possible hereditary influences
each, aside from individual attainment,
give rise in the reader to speculative
interest more or less valuable and en-
tertaining."
HIRAM MATHER, o.
Hiram Mather, who was born Oct 1S,
1899, at Schuyler, n Y, of English
parents, lives within three miles of this
town. His father died at the age of SO,
his mother when she was 30 He has
been n Woodworking farmer all his life
He was married but once, at the age of
10. OF five children but one, Joseph,
with whom he lives, is living He be-
lieves i'm the Protestant religion. I'm
til 20 years ago he used tobacco and
liquor, but at that time discontinued
the use of both because they affected
his health. As a rule he has slept 10
hours a day, but now frequently takes
~ hours He is medium in size, of
dark complexion, and says his life has
been happy one, taken altogether.
He moved from New York in 1S4S,
came through To Michigan by team,
settled here where he has lived since.
He went TO the polls at the last election
in this Wan BUREN, county, and cast
his vote for local option. He has sis
ter living who is SO years of age. His
wife lived To be so; she died 10 years
ago. Mr.. Mather has travelled through
the upper peninsula since her death.
The old gentleman is hale and vigor-
Gus, is able to write a good plain hand,
and with the exception of a slight deaf
ness is in the possession of all his facul-
ties, apparently as well as ever.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26
Republican Caucus.

The Republicans Of the township OF Paw Paw will
meet I'm caucus at Town Hall Saturday. April 9Th
next at O'Clock I'm the afternoon, 10 put I'm nomna-
ton township ticket for the ensuing election.
by Order OF TOWNSHIP COMMITTEE.
Dated Mar,h oath, 1890.
Almena Republican caucus for the nomination of
township officers will be held at whisky Run, April
4th. $780, p. m. BY ordsr of Township Com.
@. Is. PALMER, Chm.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26
Castoria.

"Castoria is an excellent medicine for chill
dren. Mothers have repeatedly told me of its
good effect upon their children"
DR.. @. G. Osooop,
Lowell, Mass.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1890-03-26

"Castoria Is the best remedy for children Of
which am acquainted. hope the day is not
far distant when mothers will consider the real
interest of their children, and use Castoria in
stead of the various quack nostrums which are
destroying their loved ones, by forcing opium.
morphine, soothing syrup and other hurtful
agents down their Threats, thereby sending
them TO premature graves"
DR.. j. +. KINcHELoE,
Conway. Ark
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-11-28
STARTER CALDWELL ARRESTED.
TAKEN TO COURT on JAMES E. KELLY's COM
PLANT.

TAKEN TO COURT on JAMES +. KEJLY's COM
PLANT.
James f. Kelly and j. F. Caldwell. two indcfaticable
racegoers had little unpleasantness In the lobby Of
the ST. James Hotel on Thursday night, one week ago.
account OF the then enacted was published In
The Tribune on saturday. 1t was supposed that the
matter would stop there. Days passed and no arrests
were made Kelly was mad and Caldwell was mad.
TO start WITH but while the latter soon cooled off, the
former brooded. The he thought OF the COLLISION
the madden he got and yesterday his rage eliminated
in the taking out of warrant against Caldwell on
charge OF assault and battery AT noon Just rs ne was
on the point of entering his carriage when stood IN
front the ST. Jam the starter was arrested AS no
expected to start the at Gutenberg at O'CLOCK
he was much disturbed David Gideon suggested RAPID
drive to the jefferson Market Police Court and entered
the carriage with Caldwell and the officer prepared 10
turn over to the court any amount OF money tha'
might be needed TO secure the prisoners release Mat
iers were quickly arranged with Justice O'Rey, who
released Caldwell on $500 ball
The case will come up at o'clock this morning
Kelly says he will prove that Caldwell kicked him and
Caldwell declares he will prove that he didn't strike
Kelly. We shall see what we shall Sec
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-11-28
PHOTOGRAPHERS TO ORGANIZE.
A MEETING OF AMATEURS TO BE HELD TO FORM
A NATIONAL, ASSOCIATION.

MEETING OF AMATEURS TO BE HELD III hoi'A
A NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
The growth Of amateur photography and the large
Increase In the number of persons interested III ia"
suggested the formation of national society OF anna
teur photographers. The lead in this movement was
taken by the Syracuse Camera Club which on August
last issued brief address TO the amateur pho'o-
graphic societies and clubs of America calling ateh
ton to the desrabilty Of such association NUM-
Der Of organizations favOraby impressed Win INC
proposal. The Syracuse Camera Club has recently
Issued statement Of some Of the advantages 10 pc
gained from such organization. These benefits are
as follows:
FrstThe stimulus study invention, theoretical ana
technical knowledge that RESULTS from personal touch with
those devoted to the science called photograph
and TO dignity beautiful is in danger OF being
belittled by it's aimlcss practice.
Secondhand those objects served by an annual
conference preserving it, organization from TO year
and governed By Council Executive Board and its
officers elected annually. otherwise be deter
mined at the preliminary meeting.
Tird-ln correction herewith annual exhibitions OF
photographs Photographic appliances and apparatus ana
thus secure excellence OF work and inventive activity
Fourth-To promote the application OF photography to the
sciences arts and professions, among which men,
ton astronomy mineraCgy geology botany biology med
cine pathology microscopy surveying and mechanical
cheering geographical and historical photography medco
legal photography submarine and spectroscopic photog
raphy.
FfthTo preserve the scientific papers and inventions
presented at the meetings In annual volume of transact
ons and thereby encourage prepare papers upon
chemical optical collateral sciences embraced in
the field OF photography.
Sixth-To arrangements with foreign CUSTOM
houses through the General Government safe
mission Of unde,eloped plates and apparatus belonging to
of the national organization and arrange with
National and local authorities the privilege photo
graph public parks. buildings. and public OCCASIONS
under of HIS badge, membership card.
Seyenth-To conveniently arranged dark In
all throughout the country and special rates for
the members the League and preservation OF photo
graphic directory OF each locality relating the objects Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-11-28
TILE PRINCE HAD HIS WAY.

From The Washington Post.
IL Is cutie possible that Prince Leopold NJ Bo-
varia. has slightly exaggerated idea ~ American
notions OF independence. While Buffalo BiIs Wiid
West IN his part Of the country he expressed
A desire 10 the camp.
Certainly said Major Burke. who did not know
at that time what the princes rank was. Come -
any time
III will be there AT 4 O'clock
Don't trouble yourself "a carly said
the Major. who had some other matters to think q
for that hour.
smile
81 couldn't think Of n: 10 or n O'Clock will %
ouite as well: there Is necessity for disturbing
Yourself at early hour. and you every
thing lust as well them
detain me for some time. At ! breakfast, AND
~ = no | review the Troops
Major Burke fastened 10 fix the appointment for
O'Clock.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-11-28

O. nm experiment IN Wednesday afternoon. wssdea
Brush was MOI pleased when this fsct Ieahed cas We
had taken precautions to prevent the experiment NON
being made public. and he procured horse for the
purpose which belonged 10 his married daughter. Nr>
Lee. Among those present. ut the experiment wore
Drs. Mcdonald and Rockwell and Prvfcsor L. "
Laudy, o. Columbia College, as well a. Warden Bush
and chief Keeper Connnughton. II u ssld TINT IN
experiment was successful, and that the horse, 3
healthy animal. was instantly aled by current AZ
500 volts. n y not known whether similar cass
rent viii 10 used 10 kIIl the co'oscd murderer.