davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

The Laughing Plant" growsin Arabia,
and has been given IFS name from the ef
fecis produced by eating Its seeds. The
plant is Of moderate sine. with bright vel
low flowers and soft, velvety seed pods.
each Of which contains two or three seeds
resembling small black beans. The ma
tives n The district where tho plant grows
dry these seeds and reduce them 90 DOW
der a small dose Of this powder bas
similar effects ~ those arising from the
inhalation Of laughing gas Itcauses the
most sober person 10 dance shout and
laugh with the boisiorous excitement of
mailman, and 90 rush about cutting the
most ridiculous capers for about an hour.
At tne expiration Of this time exhaustion
sets boz and the excited pcrson falls asleep.
10 wake after several hours Dith no recol.
lection whatever Of bis antics.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13
LETTING BABIES WALK TOO EARLY.

The senseless conduct Of many parents
in encouraging their babies to walk is pro.
ductive of lasting injury. Long before
their soft bones ought to nave any strain
putupon them, you will see these poor in
fants encouraged 20 stand, and even to
walk, and by the time they are fourteen
or sixteen months old their little legs
have been bent very considerably, and the
greatest care is needed to straighten the
bones again. Sometimes unsatisfactory
operations are required; at other times
cumbrous appliances have to be used,
which cause the poor child much trouble,
and represent very considerable outlay
Why not have little patienccl All in
good time the tiny creature will learn to
walk, aud will walk well and safely,
without danger of its tender bones bend
ing. Under year, let the child crawl,
but do not let it walk, seldom indeed
stand, and then only but for minute,
and from one year to eighteen or twenty
months do not allow it to walk much !;
and when grow-up people help it to walk,
they ought to stoop very considerably,
and not put any strain on its feeble little
body. Many cripple owes its life long
misery to the injudicious encouragement
of proud but foolish parents, who could
not be induced to wait for natures good
time. -HalrS journal Of Health.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

Ter Of these symptoms, you are suffering
from that most common Of American mnla1
dies - Bilious Dyspepsia. or Torpid Liver.
associated with Dyspepsia, or Indigestion.
The moro complicated your disease has be-
come, tho greater the number and diversity
OF symptoms. No matter what stage It has
covery will subdue Il, if taken according to
directions for a reasonable length of time.
One or two Of DR.. Pierce's Pellets taken
daily with tho Discovery" viii add 70 its
efficacy in case tho liver is very torpid and
the bowels constipated.
Golden Medical Discovery" Is tho only
medicine OF it's class glurontced 10 do all e
IS represented TO accomplish, or money paid
for it win be- refunded WORLDS DisPEN.
sARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. PROPRIETOR,
Cos Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y,
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13
Ice Yachting.

Ice yachting is the kin" OF winter
sports on the lakes near Faribault. and
gives great excitement and pleasure.
The boats travel a mile a minute I'm
accompanied 10y the rumble and the roar
OF the train, the ice boat is shot over the
CLASSY surface by power equally as tire
less as steam, giving to its passengers a
feeling Of exhilaration aud excitement.
the pleasure of which is not lessened by
the elements Of danger.
The novel sensations, the exhilaratino
effect OF relocating must be experienced
to be appreciated, and if you would
actually fly through the air take posi-
ton as ballast on the end OF the runner
plank, and grasping the small wire rope
which supports the mast on that side,
hang on for dear life, for while YOU NAV
at times be ten feet in the air and NOV
ing a. the rate Of mile minute. Won
must ''stick" until the end OF the Jour
ney; you can't let go TO get stronger
hold, nor get off and walk until the
meteor comes to a standstill. You are
booked for "A through passage, unless
something breaks, in which case very
likely you will get of, but will not
stand upon the order Of your going.
The boats are constructed with three
sharp steel runners in the form of a
triangle, the one at the rear being used as
rudder. These runners are connected
by strong framework of planks, bolted
and fastened in every manner possible to
give the greatest strength, for the strain
ON them IS tremendous. The expanse Of
sail, in comparison witt the size OF the
body or framework Of the boat, is i'm
mense, and the material used must be
the strongest and the mast we'll braced
with wire ropes. -.H inHeoDolis .y9urnnI
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

SMALL quantities of nickel arc OBJ
tanned from various localities in the
United States and other countries, but
the worlds chief supply is stated to
have come thus far from the mines Of n
French company in New Caledonia.
whose output has been about 900 tons
yearly. At the copper mines near Sud
bury, Ont. however, nickel has now
been found in such quantity that DIR. Pc
ters has offered to produce 1000 tons of
the metal annually. Late discoveries
of nickel ore have also been made in
the Urnl. The increase in the supply
of this metal is expected to bring into
extensive use the valuable alloys OF
nickel with steel and with copper.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

the numerical
adjective
remark
the ilsi
let that his
They strongly catharte mildly laxative according
coated Pellet q - ~''' "'e~
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13
Children Ep,ox

Inc pleasant flavor. gentle action and soothipa
effects of Syrup Of Figs, when In need OF A.. ,a,.
alive and IL the father or mother be co,t,ve or
bilious the most gratifying result, follow Il,
a'e'so mat It rs the bOst family remedy known
and every family should have BOTTLE.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

In the New HebTidcs there is babel
81 Tongues but the Presbyterian mission.
aries have reduced twelve of them to
writing The seventeen nissionarice ia.
boring on thc group me ZOO busy with
thc work Of translation
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13
$500 Reward for -, g.,

Tho equivalent In English money OF 4 COO
vas once offered by an old lady In London for
or boon stolen. People called her a "crank. /"
and perhaps sho was, II - I'M; ortunste that
one OF the genilor ,ex should ever gain this IL
their fault. Often functional dcrsngcrnonts
VIII apparently chan 70 woman's entire ma
sure Don't blame such sufferers II thsy n "a
cranky" but tell them 70 use DIR. Picrces ia
vorite Prescription, which IA an infaiiible rcri-
Guy TOT female weaknesses" IL will coon ~.
storc Thorn 20 their normal conditioh ~ l.
0dfrdnted 70 give salts faction in every casc. or
money paid for IL will DO ro urnod.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

NO soap In the world has ersr been initiates,
~ much rs Dobbins's Electric Soap Tho mar.
xes - ysu OF mutations. BE careful that Won
md No., S'S w. Is. Dobbins, PHILADELPHIA
"ua NC" YORK" Is stamped on every bar.
The number of Proverbs that Solomon
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

angel.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

Dr. Piorces Pellets, tho original and only
genuine Little Liver Pills; IS conts a vial; ons
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

of Eden. Wv ""'"e"
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13


Tho readers OF this paper win Ia rl...,a ..
Mern mat tnere Is Mt least one dreaded dis
cnse that science has been able 20 curr In All
H 80 stage, ana that IL Catarrh. Halls Vatarrh
lure Is tho only positive curB now known ,o
enc medical fraternity, Catarrh being con-
sssnu.ionai disense, requires n constitu ionAl
sernatly' acting directly upon the blood and
nuc2ns surfaces OF the system, thereby de-
etI9ylnK inc foundation OF the disease. and
Hvlng inc patiept strength by building up the
constitution and assisting nature in doing its
worn. ..Ihe proprtetors have 60 much faith in
S gr Dolars Tor any case that Il fails 20 euro
Seno TOT INST OF Testimonials. Address,
). CHENEY & Co., Toledo, O.
w Sold by Druggists. T5c. -
Job in his distress compared himself {,
dragons ana owls, jackals and ostriches.
III aniicted with sore eyes use DIR. Isaac Thomu.
ron $ Eye-wRter. Druggists sell at 25c per bottle
we recommend "Tansill's punchv C,ioar
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13
AFTER ALL OTHERS FAH,

CONSULT DIR. LODB, 32g North FifterntIs
street, Phlladelghin. rwoaty years experience
IN spcciot discascs cures the OF Nervous
Complaints, Blood Poisoning, Bloche7, Eyuptfona
Pilcs, Catarrh, Ulcers, Sorcs. Impaired Memory,
dependency Dimncss Of Vision, Lung. LIVER
stomach, Kidney tBrights Disonsel; coundcntial
e$-Cah or write for question list an d book.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

JOB IN his distress compared himself [,
dragons and owls, jackals and ostriches.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

VIC recommend "Tansilrs Punrhv Clrar.
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1890-03-13

III afflicted with sore eyes use DIR. Isaac Thomn.
cons Eye-Mater DrlIrpists seI M o. ,,nr MY
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04

WASHINGTON, June 2s.-The following
pensions have been granted TO Nermonters {:
Original, Anderson f.. Lamson, Williston;
increase, Charles \. Wilcomb of 81. Johns
bury, George f. Eager of Rockingham,
Jar vey Brown of Montpelier, William W.
Sprague of st. Johnsbury, Mary, widow Of
James A. Willard OF Rutland
WASHINGTON, June 26, -- The following
Nermonters have been granted pensions ::
Original; Taussaint Brunele of Canaan,
Manly l.. Bates of Weybridge, John y.
Connor of Troy, George Wadron of Addi-
son, Orrn b. Hall of Hardwick, Edwin
Tuttle of Newbury, Marshall w. Grover of
East Clarendon Edwin J. Barnes Of Island
Pond, Lorenzo Harris of Brattlehoro, Lu-
cinda, widow Of George NJ. Clark of Felch-
Vile, Esther, widow of John Z. Bryant
of Weston.
WASHINGTON, July l. - The following
Nermonters have been granted pensions
Original, Richard Bradley of Bridgewa-
ter, John Norton of Barton, George NJ.
Beobe of Vernon, Henry b. Thompson of
Windsor, jerome b. Powers of Lowell
Edward Phelps of Bennington, George ",
johnson of Strafford, Franklin Angel of
Barnard, Celia, widow of Henry a. Mills
of st. Adams.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04
WASHINGTON GOSSIP.
Changes in Vermont Postmaster y salaries
Other Items.

The salary and allowance division Of the
postollice department has finished revision
OF the salaries of third class postmastcrs for
the next fiscal year The changes in Vermont
are: Increases at Bradford, $1,000 to Sl3OU:
Fairhaven, $500 to $1,000; Nergennes.
$1,000 to $1,000. Decrease Derby Line,
SllUO to fourth class; Ludlow, 5000 to
$1,000: poulney, $500 to Sl4OO; Wi
noo,li, 81 100 to $1,000.
Henry q. King of FORTE dward and John
Fisher Of Dorset, Vt, Erastus Slower Of
Hiram. Me, and ". Andras of Rockville,
Conn, have all been admitted to practice
before the interior department.
The comptroller Of the currency has ap-
proved the First National bank OF New
York as roserver agent for the Lincoln
National bank of Boston, Mass. also the
National EXchange bank of Boston, as a re
serve for the Windsor National bank at
| Windsor, Vt
1t is estimated at the treasury department
that there has been decrease of about $50,
| 600, 900 in the public debt since June l..
This will make a total decrease for the year
| ending to-day of SS1, 500, ,0OO against Sll4,
600, 600 for the previous fiscal year.
The president has approved the House ap-
preparation bill, the Invalid pension appro-
priation bill, the post office appropriation
bill and the Joint resolution providing tenn
porarily for the expenditures of the govern
ment.
The public debt statement issued Tuesday
shows the total debt and interest, 81, 80,
300, 330 50; debt less cash in the treasury
July /, 1890, S9SS, 10. lt2 80; decrease of
debt during the month, 81, O6S. 3,2, Cos.
WAsHINGToN, July q The following
NprmoOtprs laNe been granted OanSiOns
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04
RAILROAD MATTERS.

The Brattehoro Phoenix says that an inn
portaut work Of Improvement has been be-
gun on the narrow gauge road. This is the
filing of the high trostle beyonu Newlaue.
a heavy stone culvert, four by six feet IN
size and lG2 feet in length, will be built.
This will require at least $50 carloads II
stone from the Dummerstou quarry and %
carloads of this is already on the ground
The amount Of gravel required will he 5000
cubic yards When the work is done it will
be another important step toward the
standard gauge through line which i, pret-
ty sure to come in due time. The Central
Vermont management are considering the
question of replacing the present West
Dummerston bridge with one of iron.
With the remarkable and steady growth
of the through Western freight business
over the New London Northern and Cen
tral Vermont lines it is one of the eNpecta
tions of the near future that a line of ocean
steamers will take the export freight from
the New London wharves, that harbor be
ing the finest on the Atlantic coast below
Portland
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04
VERMONT LIFE UNDERWRITERS.
Adjourned Meeting ofthe state ASS ocia-
-Otlicers EIeCtcd.

The "Nermont Association of Life Under
writer's" which on June 8, effected prelim-
nary organization, electinS delegates to the
National Association and adjourned until
June 30, met at Montpelier in accordance
with adjournment, and completed n per
mnnent organization by electing the follow
ing officers and eXecutivecommttee.
President-A. p. Childs OF Bennington.
Vice -Presidents-W. IL. $ Whitcomb Of
Burlington, Joseph &. Brown of Mont
peher, l.. z. Norton OF Bennington T..
u. Blodgett of st. Johnsbury, 7, p. W.
Rogers of Burlington.
Treasurcr-I. :. Borley of ST. Albans.
Secretary-J. + Welman of Burlng-
ton.
Executive Committee-G. II. Smalley,
c. IL. Sawyer, J. b. Fletcher, j. +. Cur
ran. j. II. Drew.
kilograms and letters We're received from
prominent underwriters uuavoidably absent,
conveying regrets at inability to be pres
ent, and wishing the association success,
Many new members were voted in, and
tie outlook for a useful organization is
promising.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04
VERMONT ACADEMY.


Close Very Successful, Year.
The past year has been one Of the most sue
crsful in the history of the Vernon. academy
at Saxtons River. There have been 200
students in attendance and the musical and
military interests have kept pace with the
general progress. The exercises of com
mencement week opened Sunday OF last
week when Rev. Henry Crocker of Fairfax
preached an inspiring sermon before the
graduating class. On Sunday ID. W. $.
Mckenzie of Boston, delivered the mission
airy address, urging united effort for the ef
fective preaching of the gospel in all lands.
Interest was added to the exercises by the
fact that Miss Converse, graduate of the
academy, is n missionary in Japan. Tues
day and Wednesday mornings were given
to public examinations. These were most
thorough and satisfactory. The teachers
and scholars are to lie congratulated upon
the faithful work of the year Glasses in
Greek, Latin French, German, and other
subjects showed the proficiency that can
come only from prolonged effort 70 reach
the highest ideals. Tuesday afternoon was
given to drill and dress parade and
everybody admired the battalion, and
Major W. \. Cartwright, the military in
structor, has successful record in Chaun
cey Hall school, Boston. The evening was
devoted to the address before the literary
societies, "Sprts in letters by Rev l..
c, Barnes of Newton Centre, Mass. This
was thoroughly enjoyed by the audience
The faculty were very fortunate in Sc
curing the presence of Rev. Robert S. Nc
Arthur, d. D., of New York, who address
ed the school and visitors Wednesday morn
ing; His theme was most appropriate,
The elements of success in life. The
glowing periods of a master in the high
art of persuasive eloquence impressed upon
many as they had never felt it before the
cessity of sound body, high ideals and hard
work
A public meeting of the Alumni assOCia-
| ton filled the afternoon. President F. l..
| Fish Of Ncrgennes very earnestly expressed
the great and growing obligation of the
alumni scattered all over the State and
| over the nited States for the sound edu-
cation furnished them by Vermont acad-
emy. poem by Miss Foster, appropriate
music and short speeches by several alumni
made the occasion very interesting. The
/ Alumni have just added to the library a
valuable collection of books
The concert is very important feature
of the week. 1t SHOWS something of the
ideal kept before the music students of the
academy. The kneiail Quartette club of
Boston drew the sweetest harmonies OF the
great masters from stringed instruments.
Miss Mary Howe of Erattlehoro sang tw,
numbers, and was most enthusiastically re
ceved.
The commencement on Thursday was nj
that the friends Of the academy eXpecte,
and more. The graduating class numbere'
-, and the exercises We're highly interest
ing aud creditable
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04
BURLINGTON VT FRIDAY, JULY A. 1890

The murderer escaped. Mrs. Dorsey was
45 years old. The murder was the result
of a drunken spree.
Prof VIM Elliot, ir., president of Balti-
more city college, died Of paralysis Tuesday
night, aged 60.
T.. c. Germain aged 80 of North Adams,
Mass. on account of family troubles, sui
cided with arsenic Tuesday.
Jerry Searles, wife and child, were under
tree which was struck by lightning Sat
urdny night near Nanceburg, Ky, and all
were killed.
John Page, aged II years, chief engineer
Of Canadian government canals, died sud
denly of heart failure iu hls office in the
government buildings at Ottawa Wednes-
day morning.
: The miners entombed IN the Hill farm
mine will never be found The rescuing
party after long and fatguing journey
discovered two dinner pals and blouse.
The bodies Of the miners have doubtless
been cremnted by the fire raging in the far
interior of the mine.
Monday morning fierce fire ragged at
the refinery of the Standard oil com
pany in South Louisville, destroying
tho entire plant, including several
tanks filled with oil. BY an explosion
Of tanks seven persons were injured, two
~, ~. 80
- e., - s.lin - a." ''
cat,,rJaI. na,,.,-i -. ~, ,,.,aiiu -Uo
| L, nai,, RI,
- ,ha ao,,,i,,- 1l, $780,, 1,.,... ~,
gn,I,,,,,.,,o',t vs., ., ,..ai,,
t,,.l ,f - i. = .u1,'.I'.' 49,. "a,,'
~, -
iHo oooiu VI 'io'le q i"NerPooi nus
Sven Iuusn,9n' III mater Vi
G. ,ut "oC'ogn. " .,io Auol'' i'Io s'o"lller
| ny Vi i'olie, "nlcu i1 On r"sneU roc>
'i 'ii$ d5,o ,oe nu ,V"' 1 .l'u "rt'e'
t,,,', t' .i,, ..'.I,t.,,,ls =. 5..i e -
nv,
=, ne iiIol ,'. i'''ioi','' si"' i,SuN pet"een
ueUI 80 DlAon, coioioH' ~. Hunc9 aiiacI'
Uooi' t''Ioe d. 'ie . looii9 VI eilcun ciuI
"O i.o'-Coii iiuoy o'It''"s "o iiit''n ",S
io Siio VI .l'I
WV, Nv %Lii ,ua Pu'91 u ~ "'i"'' i1'''' 'V
IL, IA 'iio 'iio i"O" iouuu anu was uecIoieu
VI"
| llelurlchs monument 20 lnulahapoHs'
ma, was uhNalled lues' 49, with lmpos
ing ceremonies me "'"N i was laVorapI'
ana Tue aasemolaSe was ne largest ever
known III thlS cl'y. Aoo"' very 'lVli aho
miIlIary organization IA INDIANA ana many
from ONO, llilhols, Nentu-Ay ana missouri
Were represented senator 1urple DENY
ered the oratloh'
Three bodies of women were found
| at JOhnS;OWn. Pa, Frld y, all of then
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04
KILLED AT PLATTSBURGH.


Edward j. Banker of Saranac Lake was
killed on the Delaware and Hudson railroad
about two miles south of Plattsburgh Sun
day morning. The Plattsburgh Telegram
says that Banker was employed in the quar-
ry at Bluff Point, and visited Plattsburgh
Saturday He had been drinking. In the
evening he started for home and was never
again seen alive. When the body of Banker
was found on the track life was extinct. In
stead of removing the body from the track
the trackman started for Piattsburgh to
notify the authorities. From the time he
left until the coroner arrived at the scene
at least five passenger and freight trains
passed over the body, mnngling it in a man
neY most horrible The remains when
gathered up were uurecognzable
1t is strange coincidence that Mr.
Bankers wife, Mrs. Carrie Banker, died of
consumption after a long illness, on the
same day that her husband was killed. For
some years Banker and his vito had not
lived together because of his confirmed
drinking habits. 1t is said that on Satm-
day he was told that his wife was dying
and was asked if he would not SEQ her. but
fnicd to do 20. Mrs. Banker was % years
old. Her body was brought to this city
yesterday.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04
ORLEANS COUNTY TEACHERS.
Annual session of the Association The
Exercises.

The Orleans County Teachers association
opened their annual session ut Derby,
Tuesday morning with large at
tendance. Rev. X. c. Drisko delivered
the address of welcome, responded to by
Supervisor NJ. $. Stone. Principal Charles
Putney read a paper on "Condtions Of
good order" which was discussed under
the following snbject heads: Whispering
Its eliect,' 10y Frances II. Babbitt; Its
prevention, by lola BADGER Mote pass
ing, by Clara X. barnard; Lip study
ing. by f. W. .derrill. At the afternoon
session which opened at p, m, the sub
ject Of discipline was discussed under the
following captions: "CoIrection for trivial
offences, by Kate Owen; Remedies for
dishonesty" " by Clara Nj Richmond; "Cor-
poral punishment from an historical and
legal standpoint by Lillian Wright
''Tactics,n ~ by Lila Crandall. The "Ques-
tion drawer will be "A feature of the eXer-
ciseS
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1890-07-04

The case Of Albert L. Stillwcll vs.. Jacob
Farwell, appellant an action of trover for
driving a livery team from Barre to Mont
pelier, which had been hired to go only
from Chelsea to Barre, resulted June
2i, after five days trial. in YER.
dict of so for the plaintiff. John II.
Watson and j. X. Darling for plaintiff
George l.. Stowe and X. NJ. Harvey for the
defendant The case will 60 to the Su-
preme Court ON exceptions. The next case
in order, n l.. Boyden, administrator, vs.
John Marsh, having been settled, the trinl
of lhilena f. Spencer vs.. Lyman 7. Barron
was begun June 26. An action
of trespass and troyer to recover the value
OF certain property sold on chattel mort
gage. j. X. Darling and j. II. Watson for
the pelntif, j. d. Deui2on and X. NJ Hur-
ycy for the defendant. There VIII be but
one more civil case tried by jury, that of
John a. Tenney VS.. r NJ. Harvey and c.
Imprisonment. Five State cases are as
signed OF which the most interesting will
be that of Lila Ann \, Foster aud Chase
Smith, indicted for poisoning the former s
husband. James Bouhan of Topsham plead
ed guilty to an assault and battery, aud was
fined $50 and costs. Seneca Blny, who had
been arrested on a bench warrant, was sen
fenced to pay 50 and costs for an assault
and battery. The bonds on which j. ID
DeniSon was surety were chancered to {
nominal sum.