Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1890-09-13
I r..

exquisite ultramarine than by burning the rare
and precious lapis lazul brought from Asia.
From their time to ours persistent experiments
have been made with the same end in view; but
only paratvely recently has chemical sci
ence analysed the substance Of lapis lazu Ii and
been enabled thus to manufacture . successful
imitation.
$50 much for the most beautiful Of the blues.
The most brilliant and gorgeous of the reds.
called vermilion, is derived, as perhaps you
may know, from native vermiion or cinnabar,
an ore Of mercury. However, it is nearly all
made by artifice now, mixture Of mercury.
sulphur, potash and water being heated until
it exhibits the bright color desired. Another
pigment long famous that has been replaced
by an imitation is the celebrated .orpiment,
the golden sulphide Of arsenic known to the
mentum' of the Romans. 1t has been dis
carded for an artificial. sulphic arsenic known
as kings yellow
FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD
"A good many kinds Of pigment are earths
from different parts of the world. Raw lumber
| is IN earth from Umbia, Italy, tinctured with
oxide of manganese; burnt lumber is the same
earth after it has been subjected to the action
Of fire. Yellow ochre and brown ochre are
iron. Earth suitable for making yellow ochre
| is found in all countries, though most OF the
best OF il comes from Oxford, England; in
Egypt there used to be localities celebrated for
producing it. A transparent kind of yellow
ochre from Sienna, Italy, is called raw sienna
when burnt it is burnt sienna. Vandyke brown
is bituminous earth from Cassel Germany,
mostly; light red is made by burning yellow
ochre; cologne earth is produced by burning
vandyke brown. Genuine Indian red SO much
l IL
chiefly composed OF sesquioxide OF iron. Usu-
ally, however, it is replaced by very success
full imitation.
OTHER coLoRs.
"Smalt is ground blue glass colored BY oxide
OF cobalt; it was invented in Saxony 800 years
ago and is still obtained from that quarter.
Flake white is carbonate of lead and Chinese
white is oxide of zinc. That dazzling color
scarlet. is n combination OF mercury and iodine.
The vivid emerald green Is obtained by COM
pounding arsenic and copper with acetc acid.
GambOge cxudes from tree in Ceylon In the
| shape of gum. Indigo is got by iermentiug
an infusion Of leaves of the indigo plant OF
! India. Intense blue is purified extract Of in
| digo .
From another vegetable source. the roo
| OF tho madder plant, carmine madden, rose
| madden, pink madden brown madden and pur-
pie madden obtained. For producing these
beautiful and durable. coiors the madden
plant is largely cultivated in Turkey, France and
| Holland. by feeding young animals with mad
| der root their bones may be colored pink, and
| this phenomenon has been Interestingly exhib-
| tied by experiments in feeding Young pigeons
| one week with madden root and the next week
without it. the result being that their bones
| when cut in two showed in sections q series of
| c0ncentric layers Of pink and white alter
| mating.
Brown pink comes from q certain kind OF
oak bark native to North America and calle
| tine 'quercitron. Italian pink and yellow lake
are also from quercitron bark. Indian lake ID
got from resiEous secretion found on
| branches Of certain sort Of tree In Siam and
| Bengal.
OF ANIMAL NATURE.
"Not q few of the pigments known to the arts
are of an animal nature. For instance there Il
Indian yellow, which is deposited.by the urine
| of the camel and has been used in India from
| the earliest times. ScpiA is the secretion
which the snail cuttlefish., in common with ia
terrific cousins, the giant squid aud gian, octu-
pus, expels for the purpose Of darkening tho
: water when il Is frightened and desires to con.
| ceal itself from enemiex This pigment is OBJ.
| taiued mainly from the Adriatic Crimson
| lake, purple lake and most Importantly cxrmine
| are all made from the cochineal insect OF Mexico
and the West Indies. Sheliac likewise is ma n
| ufactured from the lac insect that is scraped
| from the bark Of trees in Asia. Prussian blue
| 10 made from horses hoofs; ivory black is pro-
| ducsd by burning chips Of ivory; iampblack Il
SCOT, and tho fine blue black SO useful for
1 landscape painting IL got BY burning vine
| twigs. The competition OF the so-caned india
1 ink 10 known only to the Chinese, who viii moi
/ Q1ye tia secret away" ttf