New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1890-02-27

coffee berries Often there are rows of nero
cabins arranged IN quadrangle with w arenyuSs'
cattle. pens, pgSties and numerous Ou'Duiluin-s'
The agricultural establishment II suIrouhhcu IV
queutly by PALISADES, ~ an 10 retrmDE lo'u."
on the bare aid eApOScu ,iilis.de WithIh ''"' .v
rcss the slaves were virtually kept uhu.I tuI.'
worked in gangs and locked up ut night III normi,
tories In slavery times extensive plan,ihs o. ..
maize, beans and manioci we're inaoc 'n viue' h,
furnish supplics for tile plantation Iihds' ou,
tLcsr crops are now raised as rue ~ the shid'
farmers, and the negroes are ri' u "e" '"'"
tcl Is. all, Tn So,
tcu,l.ev md October the orchards are SCI on
in time for the Iairy season IN DeccmbT HI"l.
uarily mudas or seedlings are trai splah'rd from
iLe nurseries where t.cy have been growing Tor
three or four years These are pulled up from The
ground and lopred OF NJ the top like raspberry
1nnes and several are planted together III II PIT
~, rs TO grow together. the stimps fins pro-
teetrL Ly undcrbrush from tie heat OF the sun.
When no m,idas 10 br had the beans are plant
ed There IRE more scientific methods o, pant
ing but the od-fashiOned system generally pre-
labor il largely Increased. The shrubs iegin Il,
bear ~ their sixth or seventh year. are tall ana
iuxurant at twelve and attain an average a.e VI
twenty five or th!rty-iivc years. Older Trees
some OF them forty fifty wears in age arc some
times pointed ont. hut the limit Of profitable pro
duction IL reached at thirty or th'rty-hve Se'ls
Great care has 80 be taken with the selection "I
The site for the new orchard the character OF 'he
soil, the atAt1idr. the exposure To wind ana SIN
md many other conditions having Ia ir cons DER a.
walton trgins. This consists largely IN Guilty.
down the rank weeds growing under the shTuhs
and In dressing the soil: In slave times Inc
yesY. but the conditions Of labor render this de.
gree Of cultivation impossible In the Nio .~N
the wedding In done AT least once and s"n'euhrs
the Santos belt cultivation IN more thorough.
wedding being done at leaAt three times In this
tropical climate the weeds and crcern. u al
lowed to grow exhaust the soil anu ,nrrt ~ ~
thousands Of shrubs on fazcnda, the IaoOr oI
keeping the ground clear and the soil loos'ned -
enormous, and is the chief element oil expense III
In NAV q final dressing is made in preparation
for the harvest. Their are two methods OF pix .
ing the fruit. The first which prevails n"in n',
in Rio is that Of strippn: the trees of green rel
and brown frnit alike and sweeping UP 'h' ra'rs
and FERRIES into heaps on the ground Tor a ron.i,
sorting. The Other method WHEN Is rn mp, "r
in the Campina> Section Introduces u irhc"i -.
cloth. which is held under the shrnh. 'l% run
not ring allowed 10 touch the ground n' UT
no.. D>cd with leaves s.es ia anu o ",. f.
the fazenda factorif~. WHERE, hv hNdtnnlir p,"
ces>es. tho fruit is clrgn>cd and separated arr,
prepared for the driving trt's ne aiin' ,Jn"'
so,ned and frnitrd ~ least twice. ~ that irrrl.
red and dry berne, ore Sen al once ul"'i W.
branches. Tie proccs1's u di,ihe' ntsA'is CIV,
nr.,,ring c,0cr for the market diner III III"
two zones and in leading fd1rndns 81 "" $40"
district hut are evcrvwhcrr comn"N and lab"ti-
ems aud rconire e>wr'"nr"d l"'f"rn, anu WI
ceasine vigilancr ImprOtrd n'hr'in'fy J., "N.'
and large inv,>tments have '""n biih" u,
driving fields. pulpcrs. hydraulic mechanism "n..
factorie, on the great faIcnd'S VI" Tendency IN"
ic;ro Ia "a, lahor IN every p's>ihl" WAY. ~"
smaller plan.crs Sll their product 7" ne I"t3'r
proprictcrs who prepaIr II for market VAN ''',
ow II stock. Tie c""rc has 7" hc pt"''''''I "-"i.>
moisture AZ night III the dryinG h"l !, ana 7"i'N
sudden showers whichever tie SKY - ci"h!'i AZ
every process involves tho employment OF ih'"i'-
gent and experienced Labor ,!,,
N ~. M -
and valuable members Of the N"gcf'hI" kIn.c"'h
has n great variety ~ enemies afi ~ rNp'S"
10 constant vci>sitndcs. One OF NE hi">t W
struciiye csts which the planter has 20 guar"
against il the ant. There are two sW"es "hirh
arc particularly destructive. one o! whnn 'uhhr.s
the GROUND under the roots and a''hrks 80 sr.''
uhiie the other forms n snhi~rranrnn la"Nrih'h'
Iike n mole and strips tho soiI from the r""'s
When an ant-colony Is discovered. WAGER ann
explosive chemicals arc poured info the pnN'rrN
and when fire is applied, the ants ar" snr"','t
With Turning sulphur On the large fa1rndhs
laborers are employed exclusively In Watching Tor
ant-hills and destroying the pest There !, r w.
deiicate leaves OF the coffee shrub. from which
minute arcen erul,s are hat"lped that specify
aevour the foliage and blight tn fruit. There
~: pnT's sas: . idss'' to ss' r .arc
In a coffee orchard never In hanlshcd sprung
ing up afresh In new places amer every n,'rmr, ".
remove them The orchards snnct from 'nn's, ',s
and the washing away Of soil from ''' roofs
There il also a mysterious coffee dis"as when
has destroyed hundreds 81 thousands ~ shr"h'
in the Rio belt and in the Santos hct there are
occasional hail storms and frosts ~ III" harvest
s.osnn that cause great damage. There Is. indeed.
no CROP in the world exposed 10 NOR" numerous
rerils and requiring more constant vigilance Tor
;,s pro.ection than BRAZILIAN coffee.
~ Le native p,antcrs have acquired m cNprri"u""
In raisinr coffee which would place Europeans
| AZ a marked disadvantage III competition wan
| them Fazcndas have been handed down fr"'n
| fothe, "a son along with rnanv tfadi'i"nni no.
| tiors respecting soils exposures. attitudes md
met hods. Coh"c FARMING r'ni''' '''' wv"
| he,,re n practced eve and IN uncrrinp Judgment
can 10 acuuirrd " l. not n SPECIES "f fancy
| farming offering any a'nrmrn'> '" f"rci2hrrs.
| especially with the d'si'a"'in" nn'rr''in'rs "'
| reoro labor now prevailing in fr'Tl Inc per
lection 70 which IL has heen carried au1 ~"
| enormous development 81 TIE product dunn: o."
| last ffty wears Offer tie HIGHEST proofs ~ he
planters.
GEORGE n. PELL AGAIN ARRESTED.