davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
A Superficial Heater for Boilers.

Mr.. L. II. Willard, of Rutland Vt, has
recently invented Whist is known as the
Superficial heater" for stationary boilers,
which is highly praised by expert author
tiles on boilers and heaters.
These heaters are made of steel boiler
plate and for an ordinary sized boiler, say
for q four-foot boiler, they are 3 inches
thick, % feet long, and feet high. They
inside of the brick walls, thus doing away
with the use of fire brick. They are then
connected with boiler pipes near the top of
the heaters. The water is taken into the
heater at the bottom, and as it becomes
heated it causes circulation, so that when
it reaches the boiler it is in boiling state,
and does not interfere with the steaming
process.
There is also bridge wall heater, which
is adjustable to any degree desired, giving
more or less space between this and the
boiler, as the case may require which ex-
tends down to the CRATE surface and is
there connected with the side heaters. It
will be seen that the fire is entirely sur
rounded by water, similar to the fire box
of locomotive, thus obtaining about 30
per cent more heat from the same fire, and
at saving of about 35 per cent in fuel. 1t
is great saving to the boilers, as, on ac-
count of the water coming to boiling
heat before leaving tbs heater, all the i'm
purities and sediment which form the
scale in all boilers, are deposited at the
bottom of the heater, below the fire, and
even these can be taken out of the hand
holes at the end of the heater Trades
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18

have endu9eS
hars A multitude of impediments
~ az uffied their natures and harassed
4: hours.
They have been maddened with the ag-
onies of fevers they have lived for months
in an atmosphere that medical authority
declared to be deadly. They have faced
dangers every day and their diet has been
all through what legal serfs would have
declared to be infamous and aboninable,
t and yet they live.
This Is not due to me asy more than the
courage which they have borne. All that
was imposed upon them by their surround
ings, or the CHEEKY energy which they be-
slowed to their work, or the hopeful voices
which rang in the ear of deafening null
titude of blacks and urged the poor souls
on to their goal.
The WI gar will call it luck l must be
brief Numbers of scenes crowd the
memory. Could one but sum them up in
to picture it would have grand inter-
est. The accomplishing heroism of our
dark followers, the brave manhood latent
in such uncouth disguise, the tenderness
we have seen issuing from nameles emit
ties, the great love animating the ignoble,
the sacrifice made by the unfortunate for
one more unfortunate, the reverence we
have noted in barbarians, who even as
ourselves, were inspired with nobleness
and incentives to duty, of all those we
could speak if we would, but leave that
to the Herald correspondent, who, if he
has eyes to see, will see much for himself,
and who, with his gifts of composition,
may present very taking outline of what
has been done and is now near ending,
thanks be to God for ever and ever.
HENRY M. STANLEY
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
Drainage in Holland.

A correspondent in the P5cagune sign
ing himself ]. L. g., writing on the drain
age problem has this to say of Holland
In 1887 the king of Holland appointed q
royal commission to inquire into the feast
bility Of draining the lake. The commits
sion, in order to ascertain the most ap-
proved method and at the same time the
most economical manner, of draining it,
examined the various plans of drainage
adopted in England. After examining q
great variety of schemes and proposals, it
was determined to try the plan submitted
by an English firm. a subcommittee of
the commission was appointed to conduct
a series of experiments. After numerous
trials of the engine the commission were
satisfied that it was capable of performing
it's work under the most difficult circnm-
stances. They recommended its adoption.
The scheme proposed by the commission
received the sanction Of the second cham
Der in 1889, and soon after the necessary
law was passed.
The preliminary works were not COM
pleted until 1916; the area to be drained
was about 70 square miles the average
depth Of the lake was about 135 feet, and
it was calculated that probably 1000. Co.,
600 tons of water would have to be raised
by mechanical means The engine erected
was capable of raising 100000 tons in
255 hours Two other engines of equal
size and power were afterwards con-
structed. Pumping commenced in 1848
and the lake was dry by the 1st of July,
1852, From AZ, 900 to Dc. 600 acres were
rescued from the waters"
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
Dom Pedros Arrival at Cape De Verd
Islands.

Upon the arrival of the Alagoas at st.
Vincent, an attempt was made to interview
Dom Pedro concerning the events that had
led to his deposition and exile. He de-
clined, however, to enter into any discus
sion relative to the revolution, but stated
he had been treated with the utmost kind
ness throughout.
When the steamer arrived at st. Vincent
she was flying the new flag of the United
States of Brazil. The flag remained flying
until the Brazil consul boarded her and in
formed the captain that the provisional
government had given instruction that the
old flag was to be hoisted at st. Vincent
and Lisbon. The officers of the steamer,
not having direct orders from Rio Janeiro,
declined to make the change. They, how
ever, Immediately sent cable dispatch to
Rio Janeiro, asking for orders relative to
the flag, pending the arrival of which the
Alagoas flies no flag at all.
The Alagoas was conveyed four and a
half days from Rio Janeiro by Brazilian
man ,of-war The war ship was much
slower than the Alageas, and the latter's
passage was consequently much longer
than it would otherwise have been. Fine
weather was experienced all the way from
Rio JaneiIo to St. Vincent.
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
A Remarkable Scene.

Elk Governor Proctor Knott, of Ken
lucky, recently told of remarkable scene
that he once witnessed. He said:
1t was remarkable scene. 1t occurred
during any early manhood, when l was
attorney general of Missouri. Robert
Stewart was then governor of that State.
One day was in his private office, when
he pardored a steam boatman for some
hrime. What it was have forgotten, but
Ehst does not matter. The man had been
brought to the penitentiary to the gov
errors office He was large, powerful
fellow, with the rough manners of his
class.
The governor looked at the steamboat
man and seemed strangely affected. Flo
sorusinized him long and closely. Finally
he signed the document that restored him
to liberty, but before he handed it to him,
said 'tYou will commit some other crime
and be in the penitenliary again, fear"
The man solemnly promised that he would
not. The governor looked doubtful, unused
few lf.Uments, and said
You will go back on the river and be
mate again, | suppose?'
The man replied that he would.
"Well want you to promise me one
thing, resumed LGe SOFoEuor, L "hub Jou
to pledge your word that when you are
mate again you will never take billet of
wood in your hand and drive sick boy
out of a bunk to help you load your boat
en- stormy night" The steamboatmsn
said that he would not, and inquired what
the governor meant by asking him such
question.
The governor replied Because some
day that hoy may become governor, and
you may want him to pardon you for
crime One dark, stormy night some years
ago you stopped your boat on the Missis-
sippi to take on load of wood. There
was boy on board who was working his
passage from New Orleans to st. Louis,
but he was very sick of fever and was
lying in d bunk. You had plenty of men
to do the work, but you went to that boy
with a stick of wood in your hand and
drove him with blows and curses out into
the wretched night, and kept him toiling
like a slave until the load was completed.
| was that boy. Here is your pardon.
Never again be guilty of such brutality"
And the man, covering and hiding his
face, went out. As | never heard OF him
again, suppose he took care not to break
sic Ia " Ouacjssta Telegraph
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
Metal Working of the Chinese.

The metal smith trade is very powerful
and influential in China, wrought metal
being f&vorite decoration of houses,
affairs in churches, town halls. assembly
rooms, and business places of the more
wealthy firms. The metals used are brass,
white bronze, which closely resembles
Brittauia metal gold bronze, ordinary
bronze, and silver. The work of the Chi
ness metal smith is greatly superior to that
of our own in variety, originality of design,
and in artistic finish. The smiths turn
out bowls, vases, urns, pitchers, ewers,
basins, cup standards, pipes and other
smoking utensils, salvers, lamps, candle
labra, lanterns, bedsteads. chairs, tables,
church furniture and numerous articles,
all of substantial workmanship and STAN
dard material.
The metal smith makes good wages, and
has q good social position in China, but the
industry is not a healthy one, the Chinese
not understanding the physiological action
of the metallic oxides on the system, and
not knowing how to prevent or remedy the
evils they suffer. The Chinese system of
casting is very similar to ours, but in clean
ing and polishing they use no chemical
agents, relying almost entirely on manual
labor, and the use of lathes, fitted up with
polishing brushes. They understand oxi-
dization, and produce malachite and azure
effects and the like very effectively. They
secure these, not by the direct action OF
acids and acid vapor baths, but by burying
the objects to be treated, in various kinds
of decomposing organic matter. This is,
of course, slow and expensive process.
In one respect, the work of the Chinese
smith is peculiar.
The soldiers in many parts of the Chi
reese empire still wear fine mail armor, he'll
NETS, breast plates, and shields, and the
same articles are worn by the participants
in civic professions and official pageants.
AS consequence, such srmor is still made
and the armorer occupies in China about
the same position that he did in Europe in
medieval times suit of brass armor
worn by one of the Black Flag leaders in
the Tonkln war is said to have successfully
resisted bullets, and to have broken bay
onet thrust delivered by powerful French
marine. -Mec7ta71icG2 Pr00ress.
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
Tanning an Elephants Hide.

It weighed about 1900 pounds and was
about an zach and third thick. After be
ing put in a reservoir of pure water to
green it, it was beaten for one hour every
day with an iron on large anvil After
being ten days in pure water it was lett
for another ten days in water with about
per cent of salt. Then it was replaced IN
pure water again for twenty days. During
those forty days it was constantly in soak.
The.head and feet, weighing about 3fO
pounds, were then removed and the skin
hung on spikes in the drying room. After
hanging one day it was put in vat con
tanning potash and small quantity of
sulphur of sodium in the following pro-
portions Water, 1000 parts slaked lime,
25 parts potash, 3 parts sulphur OF
sodium, 2 parts. After being two daysin
this bath it was rinsed in pure water of
temperature of 90, when it was again
placed in the drying room. after this
double operation was repeated three times
the skin was ready to have tie hair taken
off. This operation occupied about one
days time, and gave about seventy-tivs
pounds of hair. Another day was spent
in cleaning and scraping. By this time it
lost 80 per cent of its weight. The oper-
alton of its preparation lasted two months,
and it went through the same course as
COW hide, with the difference that each
phase of the work occupied three times as
much time. The skin should be stretched
in the pit and placed in the middle of COW,
hides. SIX layers of powder are then
thrown in two first, two second and two
third layers. Altogether the tanning takes
three years. The partition of time is
thus: Becoming green, so; repetition, so
days; first pit (double), 200 days; second
pit (double). 800 days; third pit (double),
400 days st. James Gazette.
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
How to Tell Good Oats.

Scientific american gives expression to
the following statements concerning oats :
Good oats are clean, hard, dry, sweet,
heavy, plump, full of -four and rattle like
shot. They have clean and almost metal
lie lustre. Each oas in q well grown
sample is nearly of the same size. There
are but few small or imperfect grains
The hard pressure of the nail on an oat
should leave little or no mark. The kerr
nek when pressed between the teeth,
should clip rather than tear. The skin
should be thin. The size of the kernel
will be less in proportion than the skin is
thick The color of the oat is not very
material, but white oats are generally
thinner in the skin than black. Again,
black oats will grow on inferior soils.
Short, plump oats are preferable to large,
long grains. Bearded oats must have an
excess Of husk. Oats are not necessarily
bad because they are thin. skinned or
bearded j; but they must contain less
amount of -four per pushed than thin
skinned oats without boards.
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
A Valuable Grain.
THR MAGNITUDE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE

THR MAGNITUDE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE
DAT CROP OF THE COUNTRY.
Comparatively few persons have an adj
equate idea of the magnitude and iupor-
lance of the cat crop in this country, yet
it's uses for man and beast are so various
that it is entitled to rank among the most
important of the farmers productions
The enlargement Of the area and increase
of products have been very large since
1850, but there is little difference in the
rate of yield, which has had al annual
average of about twenty-six bushels to the
acre, with an average price of thirty two
cents. From product of AIT, 1886, $50
bushels in 1880. the crop amounted to 7Ol,
735, coo bushels in 1888. AS producing
State Illinois was in the lead with pro
duction in round numbers of 1877 600, 900
bushels, followed by Iowa with g. 600, 600
and Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas and
New York with from 43 O00, 900 to 40, 00O,-
respectively.
For the present year QSS9) the crop has
suffered in some sections from uu favorable
weather at harvest time, but with an in
creased area it is estimated will exceed
that of 1888 some 80, 600, 900 of bushels.
The oat is cultivated through wide
range of latitude and on greater variety
of soil than any other grain and is liable
to fewer injuries. The proportion of husk
TO kernel and the compactness of the grain
determine the value of the variety.
Oats are remarkably well-balanced
food. Containing as they do a large
quantity of the most valuable constituents,
they approach what may be called per-
feet food, although they contain a larger
proportion of bulk and fiber than any other
grain, such as wheat and barley. A
great variety of soils can be used for their
production, and on land of good fertility
large crops can be made As human food
the grain is in constantly Increasing use,
and for animals it is almost univel al
~. 7. World
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
Farmers' and Laborers' Union.
OPENING OF THE ANNUAL CONVENTION IN
ST. LOUIS


ST. LOUIS,
In s.. Louis, Doc.s3, the annual con.
yenUon OF III" farmers and Laborera,
Union Ioet with large number of dele
gates in attendance. The convention was
called TO order by President Evan Jones of
Texas After addresses of welcome nv
mayor Aoonan on behalf of the CITY. nv
"9Yenor Francis Tor the State, and brief
response by }. Il, Mcdowell, chairman of
Iii" executive board, the convention took
Il recess until afternoon to meet in execn-
tive session.
AT 1851 the convention reassembled in
executive session Tor business. These
meetl"E5 to BE- secret, The committee on
cred ntiala ported the following organi-
cations as represented by delegates on the
nHor: hrkanas wheel, Arksnsas alliance.
kentucky wheel, Kentucky alliance, Texas
wheel, Kansas wheel, Virginia alliance.
HeorSla alliance, Tennessee farmers and
| laoorers' union, Louisiana farmers union.
oklahoma wheel. Maryland alliance, Ala
Dana alliance, Missouri farmers and la.
oorerS union, Indiana farmers and labor
ers union, Texas alliance-conditional
The following committees were then an.
pointed:
10 confer with the alliance north on the
formation OF national allisucse.
GA cooperation with the Farmers Mu-
tual Benefit Association.
After listening TO an address by Presi-
dent Evan JONES, a recess was taken IN
til 7;30 ~. m.
Tie delegates to the convention of the
northern alliance meeting met at the
Planters House, undar President J. D.
Burrows and Secretary August Post. and
held AN Informal conference in parlor 20.
There are seventy fva delegates to this
convention, representing The State organi-
cations of Illinois, Ohio Minnesota, Wis
consin, Iowa, Kansas. Nebraska, Dakota,
Colorado and Washington
At the meeting of the Farmers Alliance
ct the request Of the Farmers and Laborers'
Union, committee was appointed TO con-
fer with similar committee from the
union to discuss the advisability of con,
solidation. The following are the COM
mittee |. NJ. Morris, Kansas; Alopzo
Wardell, South Dakota Geo w. Sprague,
Minnesota A. j Stfestor, Illinois John
Fl. Powers, Nebfaska Walter Muir,
North Dakota n B. Aehby, Iowa; VIM.
Ulrich, wisconsin,; T. Williams, Wash
ington. Tie majority of these are not in
favor Of consolidation.
As to the proposed consolidation with
the Knights of Labor, Z L. Livingstons.
president OF the Georgia State organiza-
ton, said: eve propose to form an Of
fensive and offensive alliance with the
knights Of Labor and to co operate with
them DIS long as it is mutually advanta-
geous. Ii cur paths lead US along the
same road it adds to the strength of both to
work together. When our way diverge
we can part in friendship 20 meet further
along on some other issue. | am not one
of the principal advocates of cooperation
with the knights, but can see the advan-
tage to be derived from such step"
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
A Fearful Explosion
OF FIVE TONS OF NITRO-GLYCERINE-
THREE PERSONS KILLED.

OF FIVE TONS OF RO-GLYCERINE-
THREE PERSONS KILLED.
A dispatch from Oil City, Pa, says the
most terrible explosion Of nitro glycerine
for years occurred in the suburbs Of this
place last Saturday in which two brothers,
sons Of widow named Fisher, James,
aged Is and Charles, aged 16, and Ed
Hoffman, aged 26, lost their lives. The
glycerine to the amount of five tons owned
By the torpedo company, was near Fairs
Ice house and was being unloaded and
placed in the magazine. While the men
were away the boys who were hunting were
seen to approach the boat, and it is sup
posed one of the party fell and caused the
accident The shock was tremendo1 Is
one. Farm houses and barns near by were
shattered and blown to pieces. The ice
house, building 300 feet square, was re-
duced to kindling wood. Windows in the
postoffice and depot, two miles sway, were
shattered by the shock. The bodies Of
James Fisher and Ed Hoffman have been
found.
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
The Cotton Crop.
HILL, FoNTAINE & co. s ESTIMATE OF THE
YIELD.

HILL, FoNTAINE & co. s ESTIMATE OF THE
YIELD.
The annual report of Messrs. Hill, Fon-
tame & Co., estimating the total yield of
the cotton crop of 18e9-90, say:
sThe failure of the bureau of agriculture
to estimate the prospective yield of the
crop of cotton now being marketed
prompted US on Nov. Is to send out 1900
letters of inquiry throughout the cotton
growing States, as to the yield of sections
and States, with view of ascertaining the
total yield of the crop of 1999-90 These
inquiries were directed to every county in
the Southern States where cotton is raised,
and the responses have been promptly
sent in.
There is no doubt of large shortage in
the Northern belt of the country, includ.
Mississippi, Tennessee and Arkansas In
the Southern belt of the cotton growing
States the yield is in excess Of last year.
This is particularly true of Georgia Ala
bama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas
Taking all the replies and collecting bv
States shows that the yield will aggregate
7,124,000 bales. This is the maximum
The most liberal allowances have been
made for increased acreage and the in
creased yield of the States mentioned.
Texas leads the list with an increase yield
over last year of 313, 600 bales, Georgia of
$4,000 bales, Alabama of $4,000 bales,
Louisiana of 81, 900 bales and Mississippi
$4,000 bales.
The States whose yield will fall below
that of last year are: Tennessee 1870, 900
bales, North Carolina 10000 bales, Ar
kansas 65 900 bales, and South Carolina
10000. The States of Virginia, Florida,
Missouri and Indian Territory are given an
increase of 10000 ovsr lsst gar. IN our
estimate, we credit Tennessee Nth So, COS
more than the commissioner OF sgsicul
ture, who had complete returns from every
county in the State at the date of his reply,
November 26.-Er.
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18

The Attorney General speaks of the I'M,
portance of some changes in the judicial
system which will enable the courts, and
especially the Supreme Court, to dispose
Of accumulated business, and in the con-
nection calls particular attention to the
Davis bill, (which was set forth in the re-
port of his predecessor for 1886 " The Az
toruev General calls attention to the 1aes
that the court in Oklahoma, the court OF
the Western District of Arkansas and the
court recently provided for at Paris, Tex *
require an expenditure of money IN the
payment Of witnesses that very largely DE-
plstes the appropriation made by Congress
for that purpose, and he says that the h de. de.
mapds of these three courts are sucn thas
if they are met the result will be very
large su deficiency, or else the courts in other
districts viii be obliged to stop for want
of funds. In view of these facts, the e S.
innate for the payment of witnesses TOT
the next year has been msde IN the sum VI
81, 900. 900, instead of 100000 appFoprl-
ated for the current year.
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18

Senator Ingalls, introduced bill to AID
ar5 sacure the commemoration OF the Tour
h anniversary of America. me
Hill provides that the President shall aP-
D,ii bv and with the consent of toe SEN
PC q commission, consisting of two mem IN,
e a"r. from each State Of different political
a All two from the District OF Column
H.; H., and one from each of the territories TIES
RE President is authorized TO eAleho al
in gitation to all the American nations anu
ssates. inviting them to unite IN cele saa;n
; n,a' the anniversary. Should Italy SPAN
or other European powers, desire 20 3oi Tb -
u D. CELEBRATION, they shall be invited me
hill hill provides that the commission s spal,
m na. Pm in Washington after thirty days lays
n nlJt and equalization. 1t sban 't ter
a ssenre a site by purebaSe or otherwise io "
s So sonvoestion of nations of an area g., OF
~, nut less than 800 acres of ground. Inc me
u pyaeident shall apportion the land lor s" :,
haildiaes of the various countIies
o o 10 Select it's own style OF archtf'
The appropriations are as to ndo aoo +of
Il. iao purchase of grounds, S. Ooo Ooo 'os
arsdiug and clearing, 81 800, ooo 1ot 40
snildine Of the United States, SOU ~
ior Incidental expenses, $1,000, OoV- soaa1
100000,
St. Landry democrat., 1890-01-18
Struggled Chinese Laborers.

Assistant Secretary Tichener has ap-
proved the action of inspector George w.
Baker in the case of sso Chinese laborers
Struggled into the United States from,
Gretna, Canada, and captured by him at a
point in North Dakota, nearly thirty miles
from the boundary line The men were
arrested by direction of the Inspector and
taken before U. s. commissioner, end it
being proved that they had entered the
country illegally they were taken across
the boundary line and delivered to tbs
foreign customs authorities.