davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1890-06-08
s.o.n F,id.,.. Dai,.
saLnAGUxDL

- .IEE
". T. Smith has SO fur recovered
from his recent illness as to be out
again.
For d choice Key West cigar, or
anything in the smokers line. go to
Muller's. :
It reported that State Treasurer
Tutiy, who has been dangerously ill,
is improving.
Boots and shoes made to order and
repairing neatly done by G. a. Mich
OILS, next door to the Free Press Office.
Tho easiest way to get rid OF flies
or insects, is to go to Muller's and get
some Fly Paper or Insect Powder and
killem. =
Mrs. L. o. Henderson and her little
daughter Sadie, went up to Dceth
last evening on q visit to Mrs. j. D.
Bradley.
Geo S. Nixon, Cashier Of the First
National Bank Mt Winnemucca,
passed through last evening en- route
to Ogdon.
Major Mckinley believes that tho
silver bill will be passed. III does not
think Congress will adjourn before
the latter part of August.
James Clark, of the Depot Hotel,
left last night for the Humboldt
House, and Henderson Grcon, OF the
Humboldt, will arrive this evening.
A cyclone demolished n Nebraska
town of 500 inhabitants on Monday.
Thirty people were killed outright
and twenty-five o or less injured.
Alexander Tayliferro, of Alexandria,
Egypt, has written to tho Worlds
Fair managers in Chicago, Offering to
sell the skeleton Of Cleopatra for
$4,000.
P. e. Vore returned this morning
from q trip to Ogden. Ho says the
capital city OF tho now Rex Kingdom
is booming, and that Ogden is u grow
ing and progressive city.
AT tho close OF his first day of work
as census cnumerator in Now York,
Frank Mague committed suicide.
Our O.. e. Green bids fair TO hold out
the balance Of this week Mt least.
When your eyes get weak and pain
you while reading, go to Muller aud
get n pair of good specs or eye
glasses. a good fit guaranteed or no
pay. A full assortment OF colorcd
glasses for sun or
Reno Gazette:-Engincer Dunn, to
whose carclessness the Oakland dis
aster is attributed, is missing. He
should be run down and tried for
manslaughtcr for his worse than
criminal carelessness, and be made
an example OF.
Chicago's proposed Columbus tower
is a pure business enterprise, basod
on the experience gained with tho
Eifel tower in Paris. Its projectors
ask no help from anybody, but expec.
to spend 100000 in the construc.
ton, and TO get about twice that
amount Of money back again during
the exhibition.
What came near being n disastrous
runaway occurred last evening when
Victor Burners S.horse team tool;
fright and became unmanageable.
Tho team ran down into Chinatown
where tao OF tho horses foil and were
dragged some distance, when the
frightened team was checked and nc
further damage was done.
A great roal estate boom is reported
in Chicago, a part OF which results
from tho prospect of tho Worlds Fair
in that city. Jackson Park will be
tho sito OF that Exposition, and a tract
OF land, the principal part of which is
under water, has been sold for $1,000
an acre. Before tho Worlds Fair
was contemplated land in that locality
was a drug ut 5000 per acre.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1890-06-08
Fratcrnal Resolutions.

AT n regular meeting Of Elko Lodge
No. 10, F.& A. NJ, tho following rcso.
lutions expressive Of tho feelings OF
tho Fraternity on tho death OF I'm es-
teemed brother, were unanimously
adopted:
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1890-06-08
A Fortune IN a rhlmbls.

Thorc Ia o rich family Of tho namo OF
Lofting in England, tho fortune OF
whose house was founded by suoh nj
apparently insignificant thing as tho
thimble. Tho first ever seen in En-
gland was mado in London less than
two hundred years ago by a motal
workor named John Loitiug. The use.
fulncs5 Of tho article commended II OF
once to oil who used tho needle, and
Lofting acquired o large fortune. Tho
Implement was then called tho thum.
bell, 1t being worn on the thumb whom
In uso, and It's shape suggesting tho rest
Of tho namo. This clumsy modo Of
utilizing 1t soon changed, however, but
tho name, softoned into "thimblo,r 70.
mains.-Boston Journal.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1890-06-08
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.
ADVERTISING T
THE WEEKLY INDEPENDENT.

Published every Sunday. and sent to any sd-
ores, postage paid). At The following rates.
ply,ble In 4dysacG:
One year,. w
Biz : 50
For any period undM ak months, Fifty
ents per north.
Entered IT the Elko. Sevhis. Pos,ofarc for
i~r,usmissicn through the mills As second
class mail matter.
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1890-06-08

Lemon sage is very good in the
early stages Of colds. This is an infu.
sion Of saQo mixed With hot kmonAdA
Weekly independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1887-1914, 1890-06-08
COUNTY HOSPITAL REPORT,
For May, 1890.
MAY Isf:

INMATES MAY lsf: .
Potor Munson, Geo. Bowen,
Morton Groton, VIM. Wilson,
John Q. Hickman, Jesse Rudesell,
v. Handen.
ADMITTED.
May 17-Hcitz Daltz.
CHARGED.
May l1-John @. Hickman.
May 2-Hoitz Baltz.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
A HOMEMADE WRAP.
the Garment Not Only Looks Well But
Can be Made CheapIy

The Garment Not Only LOOKS Well But
Can be Made CheapIy.
must tell you how Il friend made her
now fall wrap, for it is Il beauty
To begin with, she has 4 pattcrn of a
short wrap that fits her perfectly. You
have all soen wraps like it, coming to
the belt, with side pieces cut to lool,
ike slccvos Instead OF having these
side pieces come to the elbow. she cut
them long enough to reach the bottom
OF her dross skirt, widening thcm
gradually The front of her pattern
She cut off to form square yoke. on
which she gathered straight fronts hay
ing them just full enough to hang we'll
around tho bottom. The back shc cut
exactly by The pattern with this OK
ccption: The back pieces in the pattern
arc cut straight across at tho waist line.
and she extended them in a point reach
ing two or three inches below, and
around this point she gathered straight
widths OF the goods, cutting thcm down
Just enough to make them hang we'll:
then she scwcd the skirt scans Rv tho
way. she had allowed for Il wide HON at
the bottom OF the wrap Mex: sho
ScWcd Il ruillc around in the seam ioin-
ing The bacl. 10 the side piece. This
rniile IS an inch and a half deep whore it
goes around the point in tho back, and
gradually widcns until when it reaches
the shoulder seam it is nearly fifteen
inches dcop and falls over the arm like
q little cape. In front, this littlo cane
is scwed into tho scam to look like an
over sleeve. 1t is gathered into the back
seam Just full enough To hang in grace
inl folds. IL is finished on the bottom
with shallow scallops bound with coat
braid. Tho wrap is finished with Il
plain standing collar tied with ribbons.
and held in place at tho belt with tapes.
1t is made of black ladies' cloth, but
any material usually sold for such gar
ments would be pretty.--Maric Sias, in
Minneapolis liousckeepor.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
Never Mixed business.

man with box on his shoulder was
making his way along Chambers street.
the other day. when it fell to tho walk.
After two or three efforts to replace il,
he appealed to 4 man in doorway
with:
Give mo lift. plcase?"
Can t do it," was the prompt reply.
"And why not?'
"Becausc never mix business am
plumber, and tho man ncxt door is in
the elevator business. It's for him to
give You lift"
The man with tho box thought for q
moment, grinncd ina good-natured way,
and by an extra grunt rc-shoulderod tho
box and passed. on.-N. Y. Sun.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
THE RIO

Tho Cruel Ecn,erlk That Took tho IcrolsIn
Out -. Aiphonsc Daudct.
Whom Alphonso Daudet was Il boy his
Father failcd, and for some timo Al
phonsc lived with him in pcnury at
Lyons. But an oldor brother procured
q position III glass store at Paris. and
Alphonse went to live with him.
They took tho cheapest lodgings in
tho city, for money was exceedingly
scarce. In fact Daudct travelled to Par
is in freight car, wearing pair Of rub
Dor boots, inside of which were ncithor
slippers nor stockings. Tho journey oc-
cupiod two days, and the boy did not
taste food during tho whole timc. FL
nally, when Paris was reached. he was
nearly frozen, as we'll as starved There
they dwclt. far up in the attic of q build
ing six stories in height.
But neither Of the brothers lost heart.
Both had IN ahounding faith that tho
younger possessed genius. One day u
stray volume Of Daudct's poems found
its way into tho Tuilcrios. The Empress
Eugenio was delighted with il and OK
claimed to her brother-in-law: Cant
we do something for the boy who wrote
these" Tho Duke replied: 1--WE can
DO every thing for him if your Majesty
so desires" Then find out about him
and offer assistance" she cried.
Tho next day Alphonso looked down
from his attic window in surprise to SEQ
great carriage bearing the royal coat
of-arms, stop before the door. In mo-
ment hugo. impressive, digniflcd,
livericd lackcy came ponderously creaS-
ing up the stairs. As he knocked
heavily on the door Daudct reclod for
ward half in faint. What could 1t
moan? What would happen? Nothing,
the lacllcy said, except tho Duke sent
his card TO NJ. Daudot, who would please
call upon tho Duke ono week from that
day.
What preparation wero made for that
visitl Surely Daudet could not go to the
palace in rags and tatters, SO he
searched the clothing stores OF all Paris
trying to hire dress suit. but owing to
his peculiar physique none could DO
found. After many trials he succeeded
in getting hold of tailor who made him
suit on the strength of the Duko's
card-for Daudet had no money to pay
for it-and on the appointed day he
went to the palace. A score Of others
"otC PtcSoiu, DuC no WalbcO MS turn,
and 1T came. lilo was ushercd into where
the Duke sat-
Can you writc?" Yes SIR" replied
Daudet. Every good; l want secro-
tary; pay 5000 francs. Good morning"
Tho boy was nearly overcome. He had
never imagined that any one was paid
that much "a ycar--about 81 900
Hut he suddenly remembered that no
differed in politics from the Duke, and
drawing himself up, announced tho fact
Instead of being deeply moved by this
heroic course. the Duke said: ''Oh go
get your hair cut. dom care any thing
about your political beliefs. IL IL.
Doycscn, in lIarpcr's.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
WYTHEVILLE, VA.
THE GEM or THE ALLEGHANlEs"-'.ru
SARATOGA OF TILE SOUTH"

Tho county scat of Wythc county.
which was awarded the diploma with
5000 premium at the Virginia EXPOSE
lion ut Richmond. in 1855. in Minerals
and Woods. Population 1000 Altitude
1890 feet.
Wythc County has two blast and fiji
teen charcoal iron furnaces. and sew
cral zinc'ard lead furnccs Wythcyillc
offers free the hest sites and greatest
Inducements to manufacturing indus
tries OF any city in tho South Tho
Wythcvillc Development Company's
reserve fund for new Industries alone
amounts to $iso.ooo. Wythcvillc is the
centre of the richest mineral rcrion in
the South. Wythcvillc cxcmpts all
manufacturing Industries from munic-
ipal taxation for ten years. Wytho-
villc bas beautiful and wcll-pavcd
streets 80, 70 and - feet in width Two
electric light plants and three water
systems. Wythcvilln has the best pub
iic schools and the handsomcst school
building III Virginia; has three female
colleges and two male acadamics. Ow-
ing TO its mineral waters. Tree to visit
ors, which are highly curative for many
diseases, and its great altitude, il has
grown into great and fashionable
health resort.
Nc " NtncNliic ipcVrloD,ncnt Com
pany will place on the MAJ X It. Scp,cm-
her 80, 800 residences and business
lots OF its property in the new West
End Extension, lying between the
Wythcvillo Cotton Mills and the jack
son Park HOTEL on both of which worl.
has just begun. This property to be Of
iercd for sale for the first time, Scptcm-
Der 30, is the most beautiful property in
Nythcvillc, and will be yric ID az very
reasonable figures in order to cncour-
age Investments. Investments in
Wythevillc real estate within the last
ninety days have bourne from 100 to 800
per cent. to investors.
Tho Norfolk and Western railroad.
running from Norfolk to the West and
Northwest, will have on salo al stations
on line and agencies in New England
special excursion round-trip tickets to
Wytheville, good until October 81.
For further particulars, apply to w.
l.. iOST, president of the Wythcvillc
Development Company, Wythevillc, Va
sep31lm
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
ThG Tins of Presidents.

Tho biggest railway official in tho
country that know of told mo the other
night that ''thc porters OF special cars
pick up big money. Whenever special
car is used the best porter who is handy
is assigned to it. This man expects and
usually receives handsome gratuiiv.
Those who travel in special cars can az
ford to be liberal to Tho one who ror tho
time being becomes 4 valet, or personal
servant. and generally arc. When Gen
eral Grant wont anywhere tho porter Of
the special car always got so. He mover
gave less, whether the time was Il day
or week, and never gave more. 1t was
invariably Il fifty-doil&r bin. President
Arthur always gave the porter two
twenty-dollar notes or two twcniy-dollar
gold pieces. lie was also liberal to other
minor railway officials. President llaycs
used special car pretty often. lie
tipped tho porter - When Garfield
Travelled special the porter got only 81,
and considered himself lucky to get that.
Garfield was always very close about
money matters. He saved money willie
in Congress on q salary that few others
were ablc to barely 1.-Two upon. Pitts
burrh DiSDatch
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1890.
GREENY MOVED ON.

He Was Completely Crushed md willing
to Return to Ills Lrlr.
Saturday night ut late hour q police
man discovered q man sitting in u dark
hallway on Michigan avenue and called
out to know who was thoro
"1ts me-" replied lonesome voice.
What arc you doing hcre?"
"Thinkin'"
"Wcll, you think yourself out of herol
What's the matter?
"Krushed."
GLOW crushcd?"
This very morning landed in this
town with tho dew of Oakland County
glistening on my whiskers. My step
was light and buoyant and my heart
sang glad song"
"Wcll?"
III came to tho observation-disclosures
ton with Il big "E"--nnd down in my
right-hand brooches pocket there was
s2a snugged away All! but stopped
high and felt my oatsr'
'And what?"
Met man."
YES"
''Took adrink?''
II see"
Took moro drinks
''Of course"
And an hour ago 1 woke from trou-
bled sleep in lumber yard and
camo here to pass tho rest of s,o night.
| am done up-dcad- brolsc-gonc to
smash--k-rushed almost out of exist
encc."
You made a fool of yourself, old fell
low"
~ did"
And now you must take the conso-
Quences.
"Zactly. No moro song of gladnoss
in my heart-no more walking high and
feeling that I am thoroughbred from
way back. I've been emptied OUT
We'll, you'll have to move on"
II move. 1 go out into tho chill and
the darkness--I wander with the bright
stars looking down upon mo with their
wondering eyes Sixteen milos to our
barn-yard gate, and I'll DO thoro before
the eastern sky is flushed with the first
warm bushes which herald the approach
of fair Aurora. S'long. move. dust
Tho krushed returns to his lair"
The officer called after him and offer
cd to pay for his lodging. but tho only
reply was tho.spat! spat! spat! of IL pair
OF feet echoing through the darkness. =
Detroit Free Press.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
THE EDITORS CALLER.
IIo Dealt Ont Too Much Tany to Be
Profitable Custnmcr

ITO Dealt Ont Too Much Tany to he u
Profitable Customer,
Stranger Ito cditor)-I dropped in this
morning to see you i'll regard to placing
an advertisement in
Country Editor Clubbing his hands,
Yes, sir; be seated, Sir.
Strangcr--l like your paper. like its
principles and the bold stand it takes Oh
the subject of temperance and
Country Editor-You will find our
rates for advertising as low AS
Strangcr-l like its independence, its
attitude respecting tho sacredncss of tho
Sabbath, its fight for the poor and lowly,
and its fearless dcnunciation OF the rich
and the mighty, its
County Editor-Yes. sir. an .ad'
placed in our paper will be read by
thous---
Stranger-In excluding from your
columns sir, every thing of sensation
nj nature or that which can not be read
by cvory member Of the household with
out bringing the mantling blush of
shame. you set an example, sir. to tho
newspapers of this country that can not
but boar fruit, and
Country liditor-Well, about that adj.
vcrtiscmcnt you were--
Strangcr-Thc mission OF YOUR iour
nal, sir. is Il noble one. Upward and
onward is glorious sentiment. In
putting aside all sorGid thoughts of gain
and battling for truth and Justice alone
you elevate your paper, sir, to the high
est realms OF journalism, and
Country Editor-About how much
space will your advertisement occupy.
Strangcr-Woll, I am not quito pre-
pared to say this morning. happened
10 be passing through your beautiful
little town and ] thou rht | would stem
In ana get your rates If YOU will
kindly state in your next issue that Mr.
Obadiah Il. Tomlinson, prominent Cit
zen OF Cityhnrt, spert ii few hours in
town last week and made us a pleasant
call, and send me a marked copy of tho
paper i will 10 very much obliged to
you, sir. Good morning. -Tit-Bits.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01

This name is given to famous stone
possessed ut Ardmore, in County Water
ford, Ireland. Tho legend asserts that
this floatcd ovor the ocean from Rome to
st. Patrick, bringing TO him his sacred
vestments, bell for his church and r.
lighted candle for the mass. 1t is now
held sacred to the memory of tho saint.
1t is npon tho sca-shore, is large stone,
weighing perhaps some four or five tons,
and is much visited by pilgrims. ALLOW
tide, when only tho lower part of tho
stone can be scon, these visitors 70
around it several times on their baro
knoes, and finally lying fiat. creep
through hollow of the sand that has
been made under it.-Chicago Intor
Ocean.
-"Some timo ago." said Mr.. J. J.
Carly, in paper read to tho New York
Electric Society. ''Mr. Preecc made some
experiments TO determine tho effect of
the great Deptford 10, 900 volt alternat-
ing current dynamo upon neighboring
telephones. and he camo to the con-
clnsion that whom this dynamo was
working, all Of the telephones in Lon
don would be interfored with, owing to
their connection with tho earth At
that time l pointed out that, by means
of dynamo properly connected with
the earth and a set of telephones, a be-
sieged garrison might communicate
with relief party by signalling through
the earth itself Similar signals might
be sent with tho aid of telephone from
ship to the shore. or from ono ship to
another.
Tho income derived by French peo-
Pile who (rear fowls. according to official
roturns, is 1877, l0c, 600 francs, of which
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01

Tho income derived by French peo-
pie who lrear fowls. according to official
rnturns, is 1887, loc, 600 francs, OF which
1853. 500 600 francs represent thoAyaiua of
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
"eo CUT YOUR HAIR"

.a-.r.ntu-rcs-,-.,l'.-.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01

-Snails arc largely consumed by con-
sumptivcs in England who can afford
them. OF course they are imported.
The best come from tho vineyards Of
France, and for this reason thoy are
considered especially fino. They arc
certainly luxury, for tin of snails
cost As I'd. Frogs hind legs are eaten in
larger quantities than is generally sup
posed You can't tell them from bit
OF chicken; and no doubt good many
people who are not careful about con-
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
Getting Even.

Bimlcy-What do you think that ras-
cal Jonasloy did?
Standor-C Can't imagine.
Bimloy-lIc forged my name for five
hundred dollars!
StandoT-Y ou don't say! Didn't you
do any thing about it?
Bimlcy-les; l got even with tho
scoundrcl. forged his namo for a
thousand Judge.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
FIRST SALE OF LOTS
AT BUCHANAN, VIRGINIA, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER %

o'clock NJ Wednesday, October applications the
ut the prices named in tho schedule Should there
any Will sold making
than one offer for the lot will be highest b
ut no Will bid bat
NiouSly made q ~ 80 49,"
Terms Of Sale: balance in ono and MO
tcrcSt secured BY deed ~ ~ 'N"'7 ~
Maps schedules will he ready
on appcaon Excursion
VIII DC oiu all points 1t ii
do SO before the the the
ulac
and
western IS v H. I building
easy distance the
u'loSiS o iron OF the
oakc furnace
anu purposes its
IL Is IN healthy situation,
whcre II cuts the Valley
from tho OF
over Sl'5OW worth buildings
plant under constructions: the Nrsn BUILDING
ldrcss ''-NaD 'eNa
CENTRAL LAND COMPANY or BlGHA7jj
Buchanan, Virginia
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01
The aIanchoorlan Lark.

Among the trophies brought homo by
the French army from an eastern oxpe-
dition was specimen OF bird rarely.
if at all. sccn in Europe. This is tho
celebrated Chinese, or rather Manchoor
ian. lark. He is a larger bird than his
European congcncr; his notes arc moro
brilliant. and his natural repertoire, if
tho expression may 10 used. is more
extensive. But tho most noticeable
feature is his wonderful promptncss
ana skill of mimicry, initiating
most natural sounds which he
hcars-thc notes and songs OF other
birds, tho cawing of crows, tho Growing
OF cocks, tho braying of the donkey,
oven tho barking of dogs. The Chinese
turn this faculty TO account. and train
tho lark TO sing many airs. La Nature.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01

AT religious meeting in Wcst
Gouldsboro. Maine, Il divinity student
occupied tho pulpit, and his flights of
poetic fancy aroused tho admiration of
his auditors. Pausing moment, after
one OF these supreme mental efforts, hc
continued, And now, my friends, let
us listen to tho low, sweet prelude At
this juncturo COW l:anoath one OF the
windows launched forth into IL series
OF vigorous, discordant bellowings, and
tho gravity OF tho congregation was dis
turbod by long continued giggling.
The Roanoke times. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1890-1895, 1890-11-01

GRAND OPENING SALE OF TIE
~ Wythcville Development Company.
Sale will begin September 80, ut
o'clock.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1890-09-29

THE Lizzie Bay is due from the Kanawha to.
morrow.
THE excursion boat Music is still on the market
at Louisville.
THE Bedford left early this morning for Wheel
ing and Parkersburg.
THE Pacific left for Louisville Yesterday with
100 600 bushels of coal
THE New South has left on her maiden trip in
the Memphis trade, from Cincinnati.
JOSEPH WALTON & Co. sent the Nellie Walton
out with ten barges Of the ''black sparks
EIGHT feet three was reported in the Ohio at
Davis Island yesterday evening and rising slowly.
THE W. W. O'Neil Coal and Coke Company
shipped u barges of coal to Cincinnati yesterday
afternoon with the Enterprise.
SOUTHERN paper now announces that Cap
tain Posey has purchased the Delta from Captain
Brown. Captain Posey wonders where the corre-
spondent was about six months ago.
ON account of the unavoidable delay which the
Pittsburg and Cincinnati packet boats have ex-
boat to Cincinnati to-day. The Keystone State
will be the first to arrive this week. She is due
here tomorrow.
The following boats laid over at this port yes
terday: George Roberts, Seven Suns, Twilight
i. N. Burton No. 2, Coal City. Coal Valley, N. Il.
Bedford, G. W. Bachelor, Joseph Nixon, James
Gilmore, Raymond Horner. Lud. Keefer, Joseph
Walton, Samuel Miller, Joseph B. williams q.
Richer, Josh Cook, Time, Iron Duke, John
Morer and Joseph W. Gould.