Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1890-04-20
HUMAN TYPES.
lspARIsoN BETWEEN MEN AND
ANIMALS.
Ne N~ryo Physically Considercd-sfentai
and ,aorxs fcatures-Langsags Of Men
and Animais-Longevity of Negro.


rkaractcr OF the negro we must anawer
one more preliminary question, which is
asked both bv science and by ignorance
,sut We shall be accused Of begging the on
sire question, what right has the negro
20 be regarded as human being ri ALI y
The question is not n cheerful one 10 aak
about our fellow-eitizens and fellows in
Suffrage. but u has always been asked.
Not only ignorant and prejrdiced men. buf
even trained ethnologtsts, have described
tho negro as the ideal OF everything bar
harous and oeastlike. There ARE many
even to-day who deny his capacity for i'm.
provement and dispute in a more or less
roundabout way his position as a man.
II may be presumed in general TINT
every seriously-minded thinking man has
ai hand some reason for answering this
question in manner favorable to the NO
ero. But i wall serve to clear tho ground
K we point out connectediv what consti-
tntos his claiin in this direction.
What IS more important. il will fur
nish us with more correct estimate
II the extent Of the difference be-
tween the negro and the white race: we
shall surely sec that these differences. how
ever great IN themselves, however mon1en-
ton. they may become in a social and po-
itcal sense. are Of vanishing importance
when compared with the strength Of the
tis. that connect him with the white race,
and for tho matter OF that with every other
Tac0.
sCrEEF7cIAL HrsENDLAaCgs nErwEES THE
MORO AND ANNALS.
Arthropology as we'll az ordinary super
fcsl observation recognizes certain super.
nral rcscmblances between the negro and
animals. The receding forehead. the pro-
fruaing jaw, the smaller skull, etc. are in
f.catons Of this sort. The body OF the ne
gro Is not as erect as that Of the white man,
ths head inclines forward. His gait is
...r. ~. M al .fs.f. 10
arms. especially the forearm. is larger than
that OF tho Mediterranean. All these points,
as vel rs others which arc not presented
here. are worthy of note, but they can only
serve TO put into stronger relief the more
important qualities which identify him
with the remaining races OF mankind
PHYSICAL TIES BKTwEEs THE MICRO AND TIE
OTHER HUMAN RACES.
First and foremost from the physical
point Of view is the capacity for successful
VrcpagGtion with other human races. By
fnceessful propagation we mean that the
offspring OF the union between a negro and
every other human race Is being again
cayahle Of propagation. Raturalists de-
r.el.ate such q result as fertile cross or mon
az, II Is we'll known that precisely this
= the case in animals which represent
mere varieties of the same species. On the
other hand crosses between animals of diff
fa-ent species aye generally sterile. or If they
are not themselves sterile the fecundity
of tho hybrid race ceases ~ the second or
rb.rd generation. The mule Is not valued
a, o. breeder, yet his prOgentOTs belong to
loosely related animal species, both of
Hem OF the genus horse (equs). The du-
-.tion OF pregnancy is the same with
heroes as with whites. Further. the
nero shares with the white race the up
right gait, though he does not walk quite
ns orectly as the latter. The diference be-
-. l.. 4 f..4 80 bod gh H.
fe is capable Of the same variety or pos
furcs and motions; he stands. sits, hes
prone, walks, runs, jumps, dances, climbs,
.Wms and rides. His head is nova
Dc end his eyes are adjustable III
every d,rection. fie has smooth skin on
che body, hairy only in places, but the
head, ON the contrary. IL covered with
strong coat OF hair. The number and ar
rangement of his teeth is the same az that
of the white man. He has no canine teeth.
The teeth do not play the part of natural
weapons, nor - he gifted with any other
natural weapOn-such as tusks, talons. etc,
n the animal. The spinal column OF the
negro is essentially of the Same sort as
that OF the whito-shorter than that of We
tebrate animals, and wanting in that ex-
tension which makes up the tail of the
animal
MENTAL AND MORAL TIES BETWEEN NEGRO AND
WHITE.
More important are the mental, moral,
and social ties which form the link be-
tween the negro and the white race. We
think there Is no poiat where prejudice
against an inferior race sets III more easily
han lust here. We hear it said that AMI
mails possess these qualities in a rudiment-
AIRY way III common with the lower races,
and that il IS only a question OF degree
and development. Animals undoubtedly
exhibit intelligence which amounts IN
a.. ltrNs orAa Af
ing. Animals exhibit attention, memory,
imitation, and even curiosity and won
der. Naturalists have observed instances
az conduct which seem to prove that anl-
mails can show kindness to their fellows, or
vride, contempt, and shame. Some animals
nre said 10 have the rudIments of language
l-cnuse they have command over several
different sounds, each of which has diff
f.rent meaning TO their fellows A variety
pf monkey is said upon excellent authority
o. exist in Paraguay which, when excited,
eults six distinct sounds; these arouse
similar emotions in his comrades. And
domestic animals generally understand ana
obey what they are told.
HIqHER MENTAL FACULTIES IN ANIMALS.
Again. some say that the parrot and
Few other animals learn to speak Just like
Achild Animals are said TO possess the
mathematical faculty, because they can
undoubtedly count. IL has been observed
Uat II two hunters enter hut, and only
one comes out, the crow Will not be Gllured
bv any bait. however tempting The same
thing - true If three or four hunters enter
And two or three come out. Animals are
sa.i TO possess the rudments of the ar
Isnc faculty, because of their own bright
rolors. or because they use colored objects
IN their nests. And even touches OF re-
!gous feeling have been found in the
deep love and complete submission OF
~ 20 bis master.
LANGUAGE or MEN AND ANIMALS.
Instead of entering upon these questions
" general let us take one mental and social
Characteristic common 10 all men, and COM
pare 10 with what corresponds 10 II among
aulua,5-uamoly, language. Animals emit
natural sounds, by which they eXpresssome
thought OF feeling This is no doubt in some
sense Ian -uage. Then we are told in all Sc
sou.uoss that parrots and other animals
can le taught to speak, and that thus tins
larrer between animal and man Is broken.
Now speaking a certain language Is not an
iugrAned hereditary necessity, when
passes rom father TO son a. an organic
lHr. Of the nature of the son. Children OF
German parents trausplanted to this coun-
fry DO not speak their fathers iSnSuage
unless special pains Is taken TO teach II.
Il spite OF this men do as a matter OF TACT
transmit their language 10 the following
h.A04attuh. Aho H'N"Hu ESiOloVAoA o.
cures il. and just a. certainly passes 1t on
tothe next. Language Is a vast property OF
cpoeHttoRGi. social signs of thought {;
tcese signs become instruments
iof further thought, and there can
Os no question that the formost char
Gcieristic of man Is not so much that he
Possesses some language. but that ne pos
tesses conventional language. and that II
can be transmitted like any other result OF
Civilization. A parrot may say, Polly
wants a hickory nut" and learn TO asso-
cate the pleasure Of eating the nut with
'ae sentence but no parrot ever taught
tlls sentence or any other to his offspring.
ia tho same way the natural sounds
81 animals, which form rudimentary
language, must DO just those sounds
ana no others. the Young of an animal,
DO matter how correctly brought up
oy iis own parents. could learn only the
tlUrl. az ,ba n.werfc Man only can