The morning call., 1890-11-30

THE CALLS Query Column Is conducted with
view to aid all seekers after knowledge of gen
eral interest.
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No opinion will be given in iBis column regard
ing the reliability or character OF any person or
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Questions, answers TO which are In the nature
of advertisement, will not be answered.
Every inquiry must have The true and full
name OF the sender as well as the correct resi-
dence. Any inquiry that has not the cor
and address of the sender will
be treated as if it was not signed, and the
writer need not expect an answer.
@RENcH AND INDIAN WAR-L. c.,
EY City. % The cause and the re-
E*& suit of the French and Indian war
are subjects so familiar in American
history that only allusion can be made
in the O. c. King Williams war ter
minated in 1861. after seven years. during
which the colonies suffered exceedingly
from the incurslons Of the French and In
dian allies; the war of the Spanish sue
cession, which began IN 1902. Involving
in its hostilites the French and
English in America, where the contest
was KIN own as Queen Anne's war, and dur
ing which the whole western frontier was
ravaged by the Indians, in retaliation FOR
which two attacks were made on the French
in Aeadia, which latter was conquered and
annexed to England under the title of the
Province of Nova Scotia, and also attempted
conQuests were made of Canada by
sea and land; again the war OF
the Austrian succession in 1744
spread to America, known as King
Georges war, and with its principal event.
the capture of Louisburg. the chief strong
hold of the French in America-all were
indirect causes that led to the French
and Indian war, as it is known
in America, and the Seven Years War, as
ii is called in Europe. The Governor of
Virginia bad by command of the home Gov
eminent granted in 1749 to the "Obio Com
pany" 100000 acres lying between the Mo-
nungahela and Kanawha. and on the Ohio in
a region claimed by France, whose enter
prising missionaries and adventures had be-
fore this carried the cross and the standards
of France through the wilderness from the
ST. Lawrence and the great lakes
to the Mississippi and the gull,
even into Texas, ard gradually flanked
the English settlements on the Atlantic
on their western side by chain of French
between Montreal and New Orleans. The
company attempted TO form settlements, and
speedily became involved in disputes with
the French. The Virginia authorities first
STRANGE TO the French commandant on the
Ohio, intrusted to George Washington, "a
youth of less than % years of age. This re-
port led Virginia to assert her rights, and an
expedition with him, first as second III CON-
mand and then as chief, was sent
1874. attacked and cut to peres a
French detachment under Jumonyille,
who was slain in the fight, precipitating the
hostilitieS, which were waged for more than
eighteen months before war was formally
declared between France and England In
tbia apainSf Eroppp and her Indian
allies in America figured Sir William John
son. Governor Shirley of Massachusetts,
General Braddock. Washington, General
Winslow of New England, Dieskau, Gen
eral Lyman, Montcalnl, Generals Amherst
and Wolfe. Colonel Bradstreet, General
Abercrombie and Lord Howe. aud the
browning exploit of the campaign of
1889 and of the war was the defeat
of the French upon the taking of Quebec by
an army led by General Wolfe after battle
ham. in which both Wolfe and Mont
calm were killed. % This victory.
lone Of the most momentous in the
annals of mankind" says Bancroft, gave
to the English tongue and the institutions
of the Germanic race the unexplored and
America rung with exultation, the towns
were bright with Examinations, the bills
with bonfires; legislatures, the Pulpit, the
press echoed the general JOY; prov
God. England too, which had Shared
the dependency of Wolfe, triumphed
ut his victory and wept for his death. Joy,
grief, curiosity, amazement were on every
counlenance." The surrender OF Quebec
virtually decided the contest in America,
though it continued in Europe and on the
ocean until 1863, when by the treaty of Paris
Canada and its dependencies were formally
coded TO Great Britain.
IL
The Union Jack is the national banner of
Great Britain and Ireland. consisting of
three united crosses-that of st. George for
England, ST. Andrews for Scotland aud ST.
Patrick's for Ireland. England's original
flag was ST. Georges cross, red, on a white
field; Scotland's st. Andrews cross, white,
on blue, and Ireland's, st. Patrick's, red, on
white also. Sir James Balfour, in Scottish
Annals" says that the united crosses of
England and Scotland were first used on the
flag in 1906, by order of King James.
then sovereign Of the two. but some
differences having arisen at sea between the
ships of the countries a new flag was or
dained to be adopted by the King with the
crosses interlaced, and by placing st.
Georges fimbriated on the blue flag OF Scot
land as the ground thereof. This flag all
ships were 10 carry at their maintop, but
English ships were to display st. Georges
red cross at their stern and the Scottish the
white satire of st. Andrew. In the Union
Jack, st. Georges cross is red with mar
row white edge for the original field of that
color. The field of the Union is blue, and
in the diagonal cross the cross is reversed
on each side, to show the combination
of ST. Andrews and ST. Patrick's crosses,
adopted in 1901. The broad white band of the
satire shows the ST. Andrew scross; the red,
with narrow white edge. the ST. Patrick's
| cross. Some think Jack" corruption of
'JacQue," the French for James, the King
who united the flags. but the probability is
that it was taken from "Jaque," the name
of military coat worn in England and EN-
blaz0ned with st. Georges cross.
TELEGRAPH TO AUsTRALIA-C. II. Y,
City. Granting even that there are no de-
lays message cannot be sent by telegraph
and cable from San Francisco to Australia
in 10 minutes. The message is not sent d.
rect over one continuous or connecting
cable, but by very roundabout way
through numerous stations. The route being
clear there is no. reason why it can
not be forwarded in one hour. Generally
speaking, merchants IN this city who have
reason to cable 10 Australia do not
expect an answer until the third
day, allowing of course for a delay
between the receipt of the cablegram and
the wiring of the answer John Rosenield.
the wel-known shipping man. has eabled
VII Uuc uhS duo icCcI'Cu Itp1G Ou bHc lOl-
lowing. On Wednesday morning in the
newspapers of this city was published
cablegram giving the result Of a prize-fght
held at Sydney on Tuesday night Between
New Zealand and New York there are
thirty-four relay stations, and between New
York and this city three.
SECRET ORDERs-J. D., City. The three
greatest secret orders in the United States,
numerically speaking, are in the order
given: The Free and Accepted Masons,
lndependent Order of Odd Fellows aud the
Grand Army of the Republic. a t date of
January l, 1889, in the l. o. o. F., the re-
turns showed a membership of 634, 1856. To
this must be added to date at least
1900 accessions, making 100000, and
deductng abont $4,000, or less. for
foreign countries, leaving about 625000.
In the Knights of Pythias on December 81,
1890. there we're 263,o47 members; now
about 100000. In the f. and A. NJ MA
sonic) at date Of beginning of the year there
were about 651,02S members in the